DN Dis

Peas NAUTILUS, VORINE

INDEX TO TITLES.

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. . 7

A few “nevers” for Conchologists. . 5

American Association of Conchologists. 9, 33, 45, 54, 68, S2.,0ie

[104, 117, 128

Amnicolidae, Preliminary Notices of New : . » O2;.65

Amnicola Sheldoni Pilsbry. ; : : 52

Amnicola lacustris Pilsbry. : : : 53

An American Anadenus (A. Gaatecvelli n. Beate ‘ 2

Anctus, Description of a New Species of (A. Pilsbry, Ford. ) 81

Annotated List of the Shells of St. Augustine, Fla. . : 4

Arconaia, A New Speciesof (A. Provancheriana, Pilsbry.) 127

Ariolimax Columbianus var. straminea. F : 120

Australian Limax. . : : ‘ : : é 107

Bulimuli, Critical Notes on ike : ; : : 61

Bulimuli, Notes on Florida ' : : F ; : 85

Bulimulus in Texas. : : : : ; : 60

Bulimulus Dormani, Notes on . : : : F : s)

Bythinella Hemphilli Pilsbry. : ‘ : : ; 63

Bythinella brevissima Pilsbry. ‘ iy ; . 63

Carychium, Forms of American : : : : 109

Catalogue of Conchological Aubreteniode, é P . 87s Tho

Cepolis, Notes on Certain Species of : : : 120

Classification of American Land Snails, Notes on the : 125

Collecting Chitons on the Pacifie Coast. . : : : 32

Conchological Notes from Oregon. . : : : 87

Constructed or Secreted ? : ; : : : 3 60

Cypraea Spadicea. . ; : é : ; . 71,54

lil

iV INDEX.

Distribution of Unionidae in the Mahoning, Cuyahoga and

Tuscarawas Rivers. . 3 : : : : : 20

Eastern New York Notes. ; é ; : ‘ : 66

Edible Mollusks of Maine. ; . ; ; : F 112

Goniobases, Remarks on Certain : : ‘ ; ‘ 49

Goniobasis Catenaria Say, Notes on . : ; 124

Haliotis. . ; : : : , : ; : ; 13

Haliotis rufescens. . : ; ; ‘ é : 59

Haliotidae. : : : ; : ; : 102

Helix introferens in sl J. : : : ; ; : 12

Helix hortensis in Nantucket. : ; : . 24, 48

Helix ptychophorus var. castanea cept é : 5 41

Helix tudiculata var. subdolus Hemphill. A : ; 4]

Helix Carpenteri, New Variety of (Var. Indioensis). . 51, 63

Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association. . : ; dl

Limax arborum from submaculatus f. nov. : : ‘ 12

Limnaea Pilsbryin.sp.. : : : 25

Limnaea stagnalis var. occidentale Henishill : : 26

Limnaea columella in Phila. . : : ; ‘ 4 47

List of Mollusca of Gloucester Co., N. J... : : : 113

Lucapinella. . E : ; : ‘ é 96

Mayo, Edward Richards (Obituana) ‘ ; : ‘ 132

Mollusks of the San Francisco Markets. . ‘ ; : 97

Mollusks of the United States. ; , 101

Nanina, New Species of (N. Ruseheemers geri Pilko) 64

New Species of U.S. Land Shells. . ; : : 3

New Forms of Western Limniades. . : : : ; 25

New Eocene Fossil from Texas. : : 3 : : 25

New Varieties of Western Land Shells. . ‘ ‘ ; 41

New Species of Limpet from Japan. . : 100

Notes on North American Pupidee with iesenpuian e New

Species. ' ' ; , , Pay

Notes on Mr. Hernphelles Gedosua : : . : 110

Notes on the Sculpture of American Limneeas, ete. . s 121

Omalax Singleyi, n. sp... : : : 3

Origin of Species. —. : : : : 11

Ostrea gigas Thunberg. : , : ‘ ‘ 95

Patella (Helcioniscus) Stearnsii, n. sp. é ; : z 100

Patula strigosa, New Varieties of : ’ : ; : 15

Pisidium, New American (P. Idahoénse Roper.) : : 85

INDEX. Vv

Physa ampullacea Gld. var. Columbiana Hemphill. 27

Polygyra Kiawaensis var. Arkansaénsis Pilsbry. : 131

Preservation of Color in Fossil Shells. : : : 30

Prophysaon. Why does it shed its tail ? : : ; 6

Publications Received. 4 é : ; 23, 36, 48, 72, 107

Pupa syngenes n. sp. : : , d 3

Pupa Californica. —. : ; ‘ : : : : 8

Pupa Dalliana sp., nov. . ‘ : : 2 : : 19

Pupidae, New Forms of American. . ; : 18

Pupidae, New United States. . : ‘ ‘ ‘ : 39

Pupa Hemphilli sp. nov... : : : : ; 27

Pupa Clementina sp. nov. : : - : : : 44

Scalpellum Stearnsii. ; ‘ : ; 96

Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode iain s . 22, 35, 46, 56, 70

Shells within City Limits. : , : ; . : 82

Snail Eaters. . é : : : : ; 132

Some American Gannibale 85

Spheerium secure Prime, Notes on og

Strength of Limpets. 32

Tebennophorus Hemphilli. ; 95

Unionide of Ga., Ala., S. C. and La. in South Blondes 125

Urosalpinx perrugatus Conr., Remarks on 29

West American Notes. —. ; t , 67

Zonites Shimekii n. sp... s : ; : ‘ Z 3

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

Aldrich, T. H.

Baker, F. C. .

Boyce, Mrs. Sarah E.

Campbell, John H.

Carpenter, Horace F.

Dall, Dr. Wm. H.

Dean, Geo. W.

Ford, John

Fox, Wm. J.

Hemphill, Henry

Johnson, C. W.

Keep, Josiah

Keyes, Chas. R

Leach, Dr. M. L.

Orcutt, C. R.

Pilsbry, H. A.

Raymond, W. J.

Roper, Edw. W.

Sampson, F. A.

Simpson, Chas. T.

Stearns, Dr. R. E. C.

Stein, Dr. Frederick

Sterki, Dr. V.

Teator, W.S.

Webster, G. W.

Winkley, Henry é

Williamson, Mrs. M. Bureau

Wright, Berlin H.

Wright, S. Hart

Yates, Dr. Lorenzo G.

3, 24, 49, 52, 63, 64, 100, 109, 124, 195, 127

; 25

29, 89, 115

11, 39, 85, 182

: 82

: ; 79, 1h0

: : ; , 1D

: . 95,1382

7, 18, 27, 44, 50

125

51, 54, 63

HISTORY OF THE NAUTILUS.

In answer to numerous inquiries, it has been deemed advisable to give a

brief historical sketch of THE NAUTILUS and its predecessor Zhe Conchologists’

Exchange.

The present conchological periodical “'THr Nauti_us” was pre-

ceded by “ The Conchologists’ Exchange,” a monthly published by

Mr. Wm. D. Averell. The first number of the Exchange was

printed on a postal card in July, 1886. Beginning with August,

1886 the Exchange was printed in 12 mo. form, 53 x 63 inches, with

a varying number of pages. Eleven numbers (Nos. 9 and 10 being

printed together as a ‘‘double number’) were issued of this first

volume. The second volume began with July, 1887. Nine num-

bers were issued, when publication was suspended.

In May, 1889, Mr. H. A. Pilsbry with Mr. Averell issued the

first number of Tar Nautrius. The new periodical assuming the

unexpired subscriptions on the list of the “ Exchange.” At the com-

pletion of volume I (including May, 1889 to April, 1890), Mr.

Chas. W. Johnson purchased Mr. Averell’s interest in Tor Nautt-

Lus, Mr. Averell entirely severing his connection with it.

The present publishers of Tur Nauritus are unable to furnish

copies of “ The Conchologists’ Exchange.”

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JUL 2 1890

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

at Eide

AUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

vo. iv. /Z,2/4/, may, 1890 No. 1.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

EDITORIAL. : : ; : 1

AN AMERICAN ANADENUS. Henry Hemphill. : : mc

Two New SpeciEs OF U.S. LAND SHELLS. H. A. Pilsbry. , : 3

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SHELLS OF ST. AUGUSTINE, FLa. C. W. Johnson. 4

Wuy Does PROPHYSAON SHED ITs TAIL? W. J. Raymond. eG

NoTEs ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN PUPIDA2 WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW

Species. Dr. V. Sterki. ; ; ; Jo eet ST

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. , : : : 9:

NOTES AND EXCHANGES. : ‘ : : : , Ap all

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—I ondon,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

il ; THE NAUTILUS.

Nomenclature and Check-List

AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

A list of United States Land Shells, complete to Sept., 1889, containing the

species and varieties with their habitats, prefaced by a brief discussion of their

nomenclature.

Collectors interested in American Shells will find this a useful list for arranging

and naming their collections, checking desiderata in making exchanges, etc.

20 pages, Octavo, Price, single copies - 10 ets.

oy s “per dozen - 50 cts.

Address :

TA! PILES RY:

Academy of Natural Sciences,

Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.

FOR DISPOSAL :—Land, Fresh-Water, and Marine Shells from Europe, India, Cuba,

Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.— All good specimens, correctly named, and localized.

WANTED :—North American Shells— English specimens offered in exchange. (No Post

Cards.) Address to

DR. J.T. T. REED,

Ryhope, Sunderland, England. -

CIGAR SPECIALTIES.

ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.

CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER.

$5.00 PER HUNDRED.

“OTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred.

In 50 and 100 Boxes.

BINEEBY ACKER dé C@,, 123) N. Sthist.) Philayweas

Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U.S. Write for information.

FOR SALE.—Mounted Odontophores of twenty-

five species of California Marine Mollusca. Send for

list to

MISS ANNA GOODSELL,

Morgan House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

ee ON AUTLUS.

VOL. Iv. MAY, 1890. No. 1.

EDITORIAL.

With this number of the Nauriius we call the attention of our

subscribers to a change in the proprietorship of the journal; Mr.

Averell, heretofore its business manager, having retired, and entire-

ly withdrawn his interest in the paper.

The editor has now associated with him; Mr. CHarLes W. Joun-

son, acting curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, Phila-

delphia. To the majority of American conchologists Mr. Johnson

needs no introduction. It is a pleasure to the editor to be able to

announce that he has secured the codperation of so efficient a col-

league.

All communications of a business nature should be addressed to

Mr. Johnson. Contributions to the pages of the NautTrius may be

sent to either Mr. Johnson or to the Editor, at the addresses given

on the title-page.

After the first two numbers, the Naurrivs will be issued on the

first of each month. It is our intention to insure the prompt receipt

of each number by our subscribers.

It is the purpose of the proprietors to publish articles of interest

to beginners in the study as well as to experienced conchologists.

The next number will contain an illustrated paper of great interest

on Haliotis by Prof. Josiah Keep; the continuation of Mr.

Carpenter’s valuable notes on Rhode Island shells; articles by Dr.

Sterki, Mr. Hemphill, the Editor and others.

THE NAUTILUS.

AN AMERICAN ANADENUS.

BY HENRY HEMPHILL.

Recently, on the Cuyamaca Mountains in San Diego County,

California, I was fortunate in finding specimens of what proved to

be a genus new to America. Submitting them to Mr. Binney and Mr.

Cockerell, they agreed with me in referring these species to Anad-

enus, formerly known of only from the Himalaya Mts.

The genus is characterized thus by Binney in his Genera of Slugs

—“ Animal limaciform, subcylindrical, tapering behind ; tentacles

simple; mantle anterior, concealing an internal shell-plate; no

longitudinal furrows above the margin of the foot, and no caudal

mucus pore; a distinct locomotive disk; external respiratory and

anal orifices on the right posterior margin of the mantle; orifice of

combined genital system behind and below the right eye peduncle.

Internal shell-plate small, oval, flat, with posterior nucleus and

concentric strive.

Jaw with numerous ribs.

Lingual membrane with tricuspid centrals, bicuspid laterals and

quadrate marginals.”

The genus differs from Prophysaon by its posterior respiratory

orifice, the position of the genital orifice and by its locomotive disk.

It will, however, be remembered that Fischer considers Prophysaon

a subgenus of Anadenus. The distinction between the two is slight,

especially as regards the respiratory orifice. The living slugs found

by me had it slightly posterior. In alcoholic specimens of this and

many of the Prophysaons it is difficult to detect its true position, so

nearly subcentral is it.

ANADENUS COCKERELLI, 0. sp.

Length contracted in aleohol 133 mill. Mantle 43 long, 27 wide.

End of mantle to end of body 8. Foot 2 wide. Foot with a loco-

motive disk, being distinctly differentiated into median and lateral

tracts. Respiratory orifice slightly posterior, on right edge of man-

tle. Genital orifice below right tentacle. No caudal mucus pore.

Locomotive disk narrow, only half the width of the lateral areas.

Sides of foot wrinkled, but not differentiated from lateral areas, nor

specially marked, the wrinkles being a continuation of the transverse

grooves of the lateral areas. Mantle tuberculate rugose, oval in out-

line, bluntly rounded at either end, not grooved as in Amalia. Man-

THE NAUTILUS. 3

tle free in front as far as respiratory orifice. Back rather bluntly

keeled its whole length; rugze rather flattened and obtuse, consist-

ing of grooves inclosing mostly hexagonal lozenge-shaped spaces,

which are themselves rugose. Color, uniform brown-black without

markings, except some dark marbling on the lighter sides. The por-

tion beneath and in front of the mantle is pale, and the head and

neck have a gray tinge. Foot brown. Internal shell solid, easily

extricated without breaking.

Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego Co., California.

Jaw low, wide, slightly arcuate, ends blunt, anterior surface with

about twenty wide, flat ribs, squarely denticulating either margin.

Lingual membrane short and narrow. Teeth 20-1—-20, of which

eight only on either side are laterals. Centrals tricuspid, laterals

bicuspid, marginals quadrate, bluntly bicuspid.

Iam indebted to Mr. Binney and Mr. Cockerell for assistance

in preparing the above description.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF U. S. LAND SHELLS.

BN. He AS SPLESB RY.

Zonites Shimekii Pilsbry. This is a larger form than Zonites

limatulus, much less depressed. The specimens are from the

Loess formation, at Iowa City, Iowa, collected by Prof. B. Shimek

and the writer some years ago. Being fossil, they lack color and

epidermis. The sculpture is similar to Z. dimatulus.

Alt. 3, diam 6 mill.

Pupa syngenes Pilsbry. Shell subeylindrical but wider above,

composed of 8 narrow, convex whorls, sinistrally convoluted ; text-

ure as in P. muscorum, but color rather lighter brown. Last

whorl ascending, imperforate, bearing a strong high crest just behind

the outer lip. Aperture shaped as in muscorum, having a single

small parietal denticle. Alt. 5%, diam. 13 mill. ;

Two specimens of this form are before me, and I am in doubt

whether to give them a new name, as they may be only sinistral

monstrosities of the common P. muscorum. The shells are labeled

“ Arizona” in the Academy collection, collector not known.

[Since the above paragraphs were in type, I have received a com-

munication from my friend Dr. V. Sterki, to whom I sent a speci-

4 THE NAUTILUS.

men of P. syngenes, which I at first described as a variety of

muscorum. He says:

“T am satisfied that it is a species, and not a var. of muscorum:

the shape of the whole shell, the last whorl! so considerably flattened,

and ascending, the number of whorls, seem to me to prove its spe-

cifical rank. * ** * After washing out the aperture of your specimen

I saw a rather strong lamella or tooth on the columella, and a

barely perceptible trace of an inter-palatal lamella, which however

is validified by the impression on the outside.’’]

ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SHELLS OF ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.

BY C. W. JOHNSON.

Teredo nivalis L.

Pholas campechiensis Gmel. Single valves are common on the

ocean beach but living examples are rarely found.

Pholas costata LL. Common.

Pholas truncata Say. A few specimens in the hard mud on

Anastasia Island. |

Martesia cuneiformis Say. Common burrowing into coquina wood,

ete.

Solen americana Gould. Not common and smaller than those

from more northern localities.

Solen viridis Say. A few specimens.

Glycimeris refleca Say. One specimen with both valves intact was

found on a bar in the harbor.

Glycimeris americana Conr. (G. bitruncataConr.) Singlejvalves

are occasionally found on the ocean beach—apparently recent.

Mya arenaria L. A few single valves.

Corbula contracta Say. Common.

Mactra solidissima Dillw. var. similis Say. Common.

Mactra lateralis Say. Common.

Mactra braziliana Lam. (M. oblonga Say.) Not common.

Labiosa lineata Say. A few single valves on the ocean beach.

Labiosa canaliculata Say. Common.

Semele orbiculata Say. Common.

Abra aequalis Say. Common.

Cumingia tellinoides Conr. Not common.

THE NAUTILUS. 9)

Tagelus gibbus Spengl. Common.

Tagelus devisus Spengl. Common.

Tellina alternata Say. Common.

Tellina polita Say. Common.

Tellina tenera Say. Common on the bar below the United States

Barracks.

Tellina braziliensis Lam. A few single valves.

Macoma tenta Say. Not common.

Macoma constricta Brug. A few single valves.

Donax variabilis Say. Common.

Donax obesa V’Orb. Common at the mouth of the Lagoon.

Petricola pholadtiformis Lam. Common.

Petricola typicus Jonas. One specimen from a coquina rock at

Matanzas Inlet.

Venus mercenaria L. Common.

Venus cancellata L. A few single valves.

Callista gigantea Gmel. Not common,

Dosinia discus Reeve. Common.

Cyrena carolinensis Bose. Common in small brackish-water

streams.

Spherium partumium Say. Common in Moultrie Creek.

Spherium contractum Prime. A few near St. Mark’s pond.

Cardium magnum Born, Common.

Cardium muricatum L. Not common.

Levicardium serratum L. Rare.

Chama arcinella L. A few single valves.

Chama macrophylla. Not common.

Lucina dentata Wood. Common.

Lucina crenulata Conr. Not common.

Loripes edentula L. Large single valyes are quite common but

living examples are rare.

Solemya velum Say. ‘Two specimens.

Parastarte triquetra Say. Not common.

Cardita tridentata Say. Not common.

Unio blandingianus Lea. Common in Cowan’s Swamp. This is

one of the Florida species that is able to survive a long time out of

water.

Unio fuscatus Lea. Common in the upper part of Moultrie Creek.

Unio nigrinus Lea. Common in tributaries of the St. John’s

River west of St. Augustine.

6 THE NAUTILUS

Nucula proxima. Common.

Arca incongrua Say. Common.

Arca transversa Say. Common.

Arca pexata Say. Common.

Arca americana Gray. Common.

Arca ponderosa Say. Common.

Pectunculus sp.? Single valve.

Mytilus exustus L. Common.

Mytilus hamatus Say. Common.

Modiola tulipa L. A few small specimens.

Modiola plicatula Lam. Common.

Modiola lignea Reeve. Two specimens attached to Gorgonia.

Dreissensia leucopheata Conr. Common in brackish water.

Lithophagus appendiculata L. Common burrowing into Coquina.

Avicula atlantica Lam. Three specimens.

Avicula radiata Lam. One specimen attached to floating sea-

weed.

Pinna seminuda Lam. Common.

Pinna muricata L. Common.

Plicatula ramosa Lam. <A few young specimens attached to coral.

Lima tenera Chemn. One living specimen.

Pecten dislocata Say. Living examples are rarely found.

Anomia ephippium L. Common,

Ostrea viginica Gmei.

Ostrea equestris Say.

Ostrea frons L. One specimen attached to Gorgonia.

Glottidia antillarum var. pyramidata Stimp (Lingula). A speci-

men taken near the old light-house is in a private collection.

WHY DOES PROPHYSAON SHED ITS TAIL?

Be Wie J.) ke ASXeVLO NID:

While reading the March “ Nautilus” my attention was directed

to the foot-note on page 126, in which is related Mr. Hemphill’s ex-

traordinary experience with a specimen of Prophysaon. I have

twice had a similar experience while handling living animals of the

same genus, and think it may be of interest to record my observa-

tions.

THE NAUTILUS. 7

In August, 1888, I collected on one occasion about a dozen exam-

ples of Prophysaon andersoni J. G. Cp., near the San José reservoir,

above Lexington, Santa Clara County. While taking measurements

of the living specimens, before putting them into alcohol, I noticed

in several a contraction about two-thirds of the length from the

head. This appeared as an indented line completely encircling the

body. Upon handling the slugs to examine this phenomenon more

closely, the line became deeper and in the case of two of the speci-

mens the tail dropped off, almost as readily as the ray of the so-

called “brittle” starfish. Only with mature slugs did this happen.

The young, constituting the majority of those captured, showed no

signs of shedding their tails. Perhaps they had further use for them.

The discarded appendages showed vitality for a short time only,

when they went to join their owners in my collecting bottle.

Again, only a few weeks ago, I collected on the northern

boundary of Oakland some Prophysaon hemphilli Bl. & Binn. which

together with Ariolimax Californicus and one of our smaller species

of Ariolimax, inhabit a marshy spot near the Bay shore. At home

the next day when taking my captives out of the can into which

they had been put, I noticed the same contraction taking place in

the specimens of Prophysaon, but in no case did it proceed to dis-

memberment. I put them into alcohol and in every one of them,

seven in all, there is a well-marked, depressed line about the body

near the tail, the body being attenuated behind the constriction, the

whole looking very much as a soft iron wire looks just before it

breaks under a tensile strain. In the largest specimen which

measures 84 mm. contracted in alcohol, the depressed line is 8 mm.

from the tail and is marked across the foot by a black line, as if the

tissues were already almost severed. When collected there was no

constriction visible.

In no other case have I observed this dropping of the tail among

slugs, which seems as far as recorded to be confined to species of

ao,

the genus Prophysaon. Here are the facts; who can explain them?

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN PUPIDE WITH DESCRIPTIONS

OF NEW SPECIES.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

On my request, Mr. H. Hemphill, of San Diego, Cal., was so

kind as to forward to me, for examination, all the North American

8 THE NAUTILUS.

Pupide in his possession. Among them there are a number of very

interesting forms and varieties, as well as some species new to our

fauna.

Pupa californica, Rowell.}

From Mr. Hemphill’s material we learn that this species is va-

riable to a very exceptional degree, so that the extreme forms

appear to be, or to belong to, quite different species, or even genera.

And it is more than probable that new specimens from other places

will bring to light still more forms. The lots under consideration

are the following:

1. From San Francisco. Several hundred examples of the well

known form everywhere in collections. It may be regarded as

typical, yet is somewhat variable in itself, as to shape of the shell

and number and size of the lamelle ; many specimens are more or

less oblong or obovate, while the majority are rather cylindrical ; in

some, the superior palatal lamella is very small and in a few even

entirely wanting, while the apertural, columellar and inferior palatal

seem to be constant, the first and last of them generally well formed,

while the columellar may be small. In one specimen I saw a tiny

but distinct supra-apertural, and in very many there is a small,

nodule-like supra-apertural, close to the middle of the (outer side of

the) apertural. So far I had thought this latter to be a special, dis-

tinguishing character of P. rowelli, Newe.

2. From San Clemente Isl. A little smaller and generally more

cylindrical than the type; a part are even long cylindrical, having

the appearance of an Isthmia. The coloration is somewhat paler,

and the lamelle are well formed—elongata. Among the more

than 100 specimens there were 5 different from the balance, and

ranging with the following form.

3. From Santa Catalina Isl. All the examples (about 200) are

of quite a peculiar form: small, rather short, pale horn colored ;

shell thin, delicate; rib-like striz less numerous and relatively

larger; the whorls are less high, which gives the shell a different ap-

pearance. All lamells are present and well formed, especially the

apertural. The shell is nearly exactly of the size and shape of

1 Although I had ranged this species, with corpulenta, etc., among Vertigo,

I prefer here leaving it once in the old place, on account of the varieties being so

different from what we consider to be true Vertzgo.

THE NAUTILUS. £

Vertigo bollesiana Morse, from New York or Ohio,! and also the

lamellze are much alike. One peculiarity is that in about one-third

of the examples a part of the shell is wanting, always on the side of

the aperture, so that 3 or even 4 whorls are opened. This can hard-

ly be accidental, and probably that part of the thin shell is worn off

by friction in moving. I would propose to name this form var. cata-

linaria ; others might regard it as a species, as it appears to be rather

well defined, and distinct from the other forms.

(To be continued.)

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

JUNE 4, 1890.

John H. Campbell, President, Philadelphia. Cypraeidae.

Charles W. Johnson, Secretary, Philadelphia. South American

Mollusca.

Frank C. Baker, Philadelphia, Pa. Muricidae.

Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, Baldwinsville, N. Y. Land and Fresh

Water Shells of North America.

Theodore G. Brinton, Philadelphia, Pa. Mitridae.

J.J. Brown, M. D., Sheboygan, Wis.

F. C. Browne, Framingham, Mass. Nassidae and Strophia.

H. F. Carpenter, Providence, R. I. Shell-bearing Mollusca of

Rhode Island.

Prof. Wm. B. Clark, Baltimore, M. D. Eocene Mollusca.

Thomas C. Curry, Connersville, Ind. Succineidae.

Wm. H. Dall, Washington, D. C. Abyssal Mollusks.

Rey. A. Dean, Muncy, Pa. Fusidae.

Geo. W. Dean, Kent, Ohio. Helicidae.

James M. Delaney, Rochester, N. Y.

L. B. Elliott, Iowa City, lowa. Dentition.

Frank J. Ford, Wichita, Kan. Pupidae.

John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa. Olividae.

T. Marshall Fry, Syracuse, N. Y. Unionidae.

Uly. 8. Grant, Minneapolis, Minn. Land and Fresh Water shells

of North America.

1 The New York and Ohio specimens of V. bollesiana are larger and more

distinctly striate than those from New England and Canada.

10 THE NAUTILUS.

I. Greegor, Jacksonville, Florida. Tritonidae.

C. A. Hargrave, Danville, Ind. Unionidae.

Geo. W. Harper, Cincinnati, Ohio. Land and Fresh Water shells

of North America.

Dr. W. D. Hartman, West Chester, Pa. Partula, Achatinella

and Helicina.

A. A. Hinkley, Dubois, Il. Strepomatidae.

Prof. Josiah Keep, Mills College, Cal. West Coast Shells.

Rev. A. B. Kendig, Brooklyn, N. Y. Amphidromus.

F. R. Latehford, Ottawa, Ont. Linnaeidae of North America.

M. L. Leach, M. D., Wexford, Mich. Mollusks of Michigan.

W. Victor Lehman, Tremont, Pa. Unionidae.

G. D. Lind, St. Louis, Mo. Helicidae.

G. W. Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, Ill. West Coast Shells.

Wm. A. Marsh, Aledo, Hl. Unionidae.

Geo. T. Marston, Green Bay, Wis. Wisconsin Mollusca.

Chas. J. Maynard, Newtonville, Mass. Strophia.

Wm. G. Mazyck, Charleston, S.C. North American Land Shells.

Thomas Morgan, Somerville, N. J.

James H. Morrison, Lexington, Va. Specific Variation.

Wm. J. McGinty, Philadelphia, Pa. Marginellidae.

Philip Nell, Philadelphia, Pa. Unionidae.

H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia, Pa. Land and Fresh Water shells.

Wm. J. Raymond, Oakland, Cal. West Coast Land and Fresh

Water Shells and Tertiary and Quaternary Shells.

John Ritchie Jr., Boston, Mass. Strombidae.

S. Raymond Roberts, Glen Ridge, N. J. Cypraeidae.

Edward W. Roper, Revere, Mass. Cyrenidae.

John Shalleross, Philadeiphia, Pa. Volutidae.

Prof. Benj. Sharp, Philadelphia, Pa. Dentaliidae.

Ida M. Shepherd, Long Branch, Cal. West Coast Shells.

Prof. B. Shimek, Lincoln, Neb. Ancylus and Succineidae.

Chas. T. Simpson, Washington, D.C. Geographical Distribution

and Nomenclature.

J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex. Land Shells of North America.

Sanderson Smith, New York, N. Y. Mollusca of N. W. Atlantic.

Uselma ©. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa. Conidae.

Dr. V. Sterki, New Philadelphia, O. No. Amer. Pupidae and

Ayalinia.

L. H. Streng, Grand Rapids, Mich.

THE NAUTILUS. 1a

W.S. Strode M. D., Bernadotte, ll. Unionidae of Illinois R. and

tributaries.

Geo. W. Taylor, Stewarton, Ottawa. Mollusca of Vancouver

Province aud Patellidae.

John H. Thomson, New Bedford, Mass. Helicidae.

Bryant Walker, Detroit, Mich. Land and Fr. W. Shells of No.

America.

Rev. John Walton, Lakeside, N. Y. Cypraeidae.

Henry A. Ward, Rochester, N. Y. General Conchology.

W. W. Westgate, Houston, Tex. Land and Fr. W. Shells.

Mrs. A. M. Whelden, Campello, Mass.

Prof. R. P. Whitfield, New York, N. Y. Fossil Forms of the

Mollusca.

Joseph Willcox, Philadelphia, Pa. Fudgur.

Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, University Cal. Haliotidae and

Fissurellidae.

S. Hart Wright, Penn Yan, N. Y. Unionidae.

Lorenzo G. Yates, M. D., Santa Barbara, Cal. Land Shells of

the Americas, South of the U.S.

All applications for membership should be addressed to the

Secretary, Charles W. Johnson, Wagner Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Rules of the Association were printed in the last number

of the NAuTILus.

NOTES AND EXCHANGES.

Tur Ortern or Specres.—The botanist Ball believes that species

are produced by the successive variations of individuals continued

through generations, and the subsequent dying out of the interme-

diate forms. In a recent address he refers to the Escal/onias in this

manner: “ There are an immense number of forms of this genus in

Chili, which would make first-class species if only the intermediate

links would hurry and get out of the way.’ Anybody who has ex-

amined the Hemphill series of the Helix strigosa group cannot fail

to notice how admirably the theory applies to that shell. And I

believe that groups hardly less extensive can be made of the forms

of Spherium striatinum, Unio complanatus, the Michigan Anodontas

12 THE NAUTILUS.

and other species. The American student of conchology has a broad

field for work in his own country, and his researches will not be less

valuable, if they result in a consolidation rather than an increase of

species.—E. W. Roper.

OrreRED.—North American Land and Fresh-water shells for

shells from other localities—TuHos. C. Curry, Connersville, Indi-

ana, P. O. Box 366.

OrrEeRED.—Land and Fresh-water shells of Indiana for the same

or marine species from any part ofthe world. Unionide preferred.

Printed list of Hendricks County Shells sent free. Mounted lingual

ribbons for microscopists—Cuas. A. HarGRAVE, President of Cen-

tral Normal College, Danville, Indiana.

LimMaxX ARBORUM form SUBMACULATUS f. nov. Resembles var.

maculatus Roeb., except that the spots are gray and partly coalesced

on the body ; and some black and some gray on the mantle. Found

in County Waterford, Ireland, by Rev. A. H. Delap—T. D. A.

CocKERELL.

IDENTIFICATION OF SHELLS FOR SUBSCRIBERS.—Specimens of

North and South American (including Mexican and West Indian)

shells will be named for subscribers on the following conditions :

1st. The number of species in one sending to be limited to 12.

2nd. Thesender to pay all expenses of transportation, and the

specimens to become the property of the Philadelphia Academy of

Sciences.

3rd. Each species must be numbered, so that the identifications

may be announced by number in this department of the NaurTILus.

Address packages to H. A. Pilsbry, Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia, or to C. W. Johnson, Wagner Institute, Philadelphia.

HELIX INTROFERENS Bland has been collected by Mr. William

Fox at Atco, N. J. (on the Camden and Atlantic R. R.). This

species has not heretofore been noticed so far northward.—H. A. P.

Mr. Cuas. W. Jounson, Junior Editor of the Naurriys, will

spend the first half of June in Virginia, on a geological trip.

JUL 2 1890

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreion Countries.) 10cts. a copy.

Hae

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. IV. =/2 Liy JUNE, 1890 No. 2.

CONTENTS:

PAGE

THE HALiotis. Josiah Keep. - 4 : : elle}

NEw VARIETIES OF PATULA STRIGOSA. Henry Hemphill. : - 1d

New ForMs OF AMERICAN Pupipé. Dr. V. Sterki. : wos

DISTRIBUTION OF UNIONIDA IN 1HE THREE RIVERS, Moennig. Cuya-

HOGA, AND TUSCARAWAS. Geo. W. Dean. . ; : a 20

THE SHELL BEARING MOLLuSCA OF RHODE IsLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. 22

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. : : : ‘ : : ee

GENERAL NOTss. : : . ; ; ; : «| 24

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

ik THE NAUTILUS.

Nomenclature and ‘Check- List

AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

A list of United States Land Shells, complete to Sept., 1889, containing the

species and varieties with their habitats, prefaced by a brief discussion of their

nomenclature.

Collectors interested in American Shells will find this a useful list for arranging

and naming their collections, checking desiderata in making exchanges, etc.

20 pages, Octavo, Price, single copies - 10 ets.

- s “* per dozen - 50 cts.

Address :

HT, A. PILTSBRY,

Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.

WANTED a clean copy of CARPENTER’S,

‘“MOLLUSKS OF WESTERN NoRTH AMErIcA,’’ Washington, 1872.

Address :

Secretary Natural Fiistory Society of B. C.,

Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.—All good specimens, correctly named, and localized.

WANTED :—North American Shells—English specimens offered in exchange. (No Post

Cards.) Address to ;

DR. J.T. T. REED,

Ryhope, Sunderland, England.

ae SPECIALTIES.

ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.

CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER.

$5.00 PER HUNDRED.

“QOTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred.

In 50 and 100 Boxes.

FINLEY ACKER & CO.,123 N. 8th St., Phila., Pa.

Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U. S. Write for information.

FOR SALE.—Mounted Odontophores of twenty-

five species of California Marine Mollusea. Send for

list to

MISS ANNA GOODSELL,

Morgan House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Wie N AUIS

VOL. Iv. JUNE, 1890. No. 2.

THE HALIOTIS.

BY JOSIAH KEEP,

President Isaac Lea Chapter, Agassiz Association.

The Haliotis is the largest and finest Mollusk that is found on the

coast of California. While its shell is a valuable article of commerce,

its flesh is good for food, though perhaps few people except Chinese

and Indians ever indulge in that luxury. I can speak from expe-

rience however, and am ready to affirm that “abalone soup,” well

made, is fit for the table of the most fastidious.

The Indians have nearly all disappeared from the coast now, but

only a hundred years ago they were numerous enough, and for how

many centuries before that time they had abounded in California is a

question for the archzeologists. Certain it is that along the shores

where these mollusks now live there are untold numbers of Haliotis

shells in all stages of decomposition. They were not washed up by

the waves either, for they lie on the banks above the reach of the

ocean. Besides this, stone mortars and other relics of savage men

are occasionally found with the old shells. Evidently the Indians

were accustomed to gather the mollusks from their haunts on the

rocks and use their flesh for food. After the savage repast was over

they threw away the beautiful shells.

This work went on for centuries, and to-day the railroad cuttings

along the coast expose to view banks of mingled earth and pearl,

several feet in thickness. It makes a conchologist’s heart ache to

find bushels of what were once magnificent specimens now all in

ruins, and to think how little they were prized by those who had

such excellent opportunities for collecting. But we will not blame

them, poor sons of the forest ; at least they knew how to satisfy their

14 THE NAUTILUS.

hunger in an approved manner, and sometimes they made ornaments

from the discarded shells.

There are three species of Haliotis found in large numbers on the

coast of California, though all three*do not abound in the same

locality. The southern species, H. splendens, is never found north

of Monterey Bay, and I have seen only one specimen from that

—— body of water. That one, however,

was a genuine splendens, and I

know almost the rock from which

it was taken. I dissected the creat-

ure, which was evidently an aged

individual, and the shell is now in

my cabinet. This species is found

abundantly farther south, around

Santa Barbara and San Diego. It

is really the most beautiful of the

three, though its shell is too thin

for some kinds of work. The

magnificently mottled green pearl

of the great muscle scar reminds

one of the full glory of a peacock’s

expanded tail.

H. splendens.

On the shores of central and northern California the other two

species abound. HH. rufescens sometimes has a shell as large as a

dinner plate, but common specimens are only six or eight inches long.

The outer layer of the shell is of a red color, while the inner or na-

creous portion is beautifully iridescent. On account of their solid-

lusks are captured by Chinese boat-

men, who row along near the rocks,

lsd i WW ra ee :

by Hae SANA When the tide is low, and peer curi-

}

ously down into all the cracks and

clefts where these great creatures

hide. When one is discovered, a

wedge on the end of a pole is em-

ployed to suddenly dislodge the poor

mollusk from his strong hold, and a

boat-hook draws him up from the

water into the hands of his enemy.

The third species, H. Cracherodit

is the most common of all and is

also’ the smallest, though it some-

H. rufescens.

THE NAUTILUS. 15

times assumes noble proportions. You can find them under stones

or in out-of-the-way places among the rocks if you search when the

tide islow. All of these mollusks, in fact, are rock lovers, and it is

idle to seek for them except among the crags or broken boulders.

It is exceedingly interesting to capture a good-sized fellow and watch

his mode of locomotion. When placed on a smooth rock he moves

along at no snail’s pace, but strides on

like an elephant. Not quite so fast, to

be sure, but the motion of his body,

slightly swaying from side to side, and

the tremendous muscular foree which

he evidently exerts cause one to invol-

untarily compare his gait to that of the

great proboscidian. And as for that

matter, our mollusk also has a thick,

black proboscis, of no mean _propor-

tions.

The Haliotis, in short, is the noblest

mollusk of our coast, if not of America.

Of prodigious muscular power, quick

H. Cracherodii.

and active in movement, guided by keen instincts, supplying nour-

ishing food to man, and above all yielding a shell beautiful as the

rainbow, it deserves an honorable place in the list of our important

genera.

Very fine green pearls, almost rivaling the product of the pearl-

oyster are sometimes taken from its mantle, and when its superior

organization is considered, it is certainly far in advance of its head-

less neighbor. _ Every young collector should be sure to get good

specimens of California “ abalone” shells and those who are fortu-

nate enough to visit the haunts of these creatures should endeavor to

learn more of their habits, and observe their curious structure and

interesting movements.

NEW VARIETIES OF PATULA STRIGOSA.

BY HENRY HEMPHILL.

Patula strigosa var. carnea.

Shell umbilicated, greatly depressed, dark horn-color, rather solid,

shining, surface somewhat uneven and covered with irregular

16 THE NAUTILUS.

oblique strive ;.whoris 53, convex, the last faintly subcarinated in

the depressed specimens, falling in front, sometimes faintly banded,

but most of the specimens are plain and without bands; spire sub-

conical, apex obtuse, suture well impressed, umbilicus large; aper-

ture circular ; lip simple, thickened, its terminations well approached

and joined by a callus.

Height 2 inch, greater diam {, lesser } inch. Habitat, near Salt

Lake, Utah.

Patula strigosa var. picta.

Shell umbilicated, elevated or globosely depressed, of a dirty white

color, stained more or less with chestnut; surface somewhat rough

and uneven, covered with moderately coarse oblique strize and fine re-

volving lines; whorls 6, convex, subcarinated, with a broad white

band at the periphery and a dark zone of chestnut on the upper side,

extending from the peripheral band to the suture, fading out as it trav-

erses the whorls of the spire; beneath on the base of the shell it is

striped with numerous bands that sometimes extend into the um-

bilicus and also into the aperture ; spire elevated ; apex obtuse, sut-

ure well impressed, umbilicus moderately large and deep, broader in

the depressed than in the elevated forms; aperture nearly circular,

lip simple, subreflected, its terminations approaching and joined by

a thin callus.

Height ¢ inch, greatest diam. 14 inch, lesser 1 inch.

Habitat, Rathdrum, Idaho.

Patula strigosa var rugosa.

Shell umbilicated, elevated or globosely depressed, of a dull brown

ash color; surface rough, covered with coarse irregular oblique

strie, and microscopic revolving lines; whorls 5, convex, with or

without one or two narrow faint revolving bands. In most of the

specimens the bands are obsolete; spire elevated, obtusely conical ;

suture well impressed; umbilicus large, deep; aperture nearly

round, lip simple, thickened, its terminations approaching and joined

by a thin callus.

Height of the largest specimen { inch, greatest diam. 1 inch.

Height of the smallest specimen ? inch, greatest diam. } inch.

Habitat, New Brigham City, Utah.

A large rough robust form with very convex whorls; some of the

specimens so closely resemble H. solitaria Say, that one not well

acquainted with both forms would be easily deceived and refer it

to that species. In its adolescent state the lip is very thin or easily

THE NAUTILUS. 17

broken, and on the surface of the adult shells these fractures give it a

rough and uneven appearance.

Patula strigosa var. parma.

Shell broadly umbilicated, greatly depressed, of a dark dirty horn

color, surface somewhat rough, covered with coarse irregular strize, and

microscopic revolving lines; whorls 53 or 6, subcarinated through-

out, somewhat flattened above, rounded beneath, and striped with two

chestnut-colored bands, one above and the other just at the periphery ;

spire very little elevated, umbilicus moderately large and deep ; aper-

ture ovately round, oblique; lip simple, subreflected, its terminations

approaching and joined by a thin callus.

Height + inch, breadth 1 inch.

Habitat near Spokane Falls, Washington.

Patula strigosa var. hybrida.

Shell umbilicated, depressed, white, spire horn-color, surface of

the shell covered with fine oblique striz, and widely separated re-

volving raised lines; whorls 5, flattened above, rounded beneath,

the last falling in front, and striped with two faint chestnut bands,

suture well impressed ; umbilicus large, showing nearly all the volu-

tions; aperture nearly circular ; lip simple, thickened, its termina-

tions approaching and joined by a thin callus.

Height ~ inch, diam. ? inch, lesser ~ inch.

Habitat near Logan, Utah.

This is an interesting shell as it is the beginning of the forms of

strigosa that finally develope the revolving lines into prominent

ribs as seen on the surface of var. Haydenii Gabb.

Patula strigosa var. albida.

Shell broadly umbilicated, greatly depressed, white, tinged with

horn color; surface covered with fine oblique strize and fine

microscopic revolving lines; whorls 6, convex, the last falling in

front ; spire very little elevated, apex obtuse, aperture oblique, nearly

round; lip simple, thickened, subreflected at the columella, its ter-

minations approaching, joined by a thin callus.

Height 2 inch, greatest diam. 1 inch, lesser } inch.

Habitat near Logan, Utah.

Patula strigosa var. fragilis.

Shell umbilicated, elevated or globosely depressed, translucent, thin,

fragile, somewhat shining, of a dark horn color, surface covered by

fine oblique striz; whorls 5, convex, the last descending in front, and

18 TILE NAUTILUS.

striped by two dark chestnut bands, one above and the other below

the periphery ; suture well impressed ; aperture oblique; lip simple,

thickened, umbilicus moderate, deep, partially covered by the re-

flected lip at the columella.

Height of the largest specimen ;'; inch, greatest diam.

lesser } inch.

Habitat near Franklin, Idaho, among Red Sandstone.

A very thin and almost transparent variety of the very variable

strigosa. - By its peculiar shade, it is very evident that the animal

has drawn largely from the red sandstone for the material to build

its shell.

inch,

ola

NEW FORMS OF AMERICAN PUPIDZ.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Pupa Californica, varieties, continued.

4. From Monterey, Cal. In size not much different from the

type, yet a little smaller, and more generally obovate ; the strize are

less coarse; the peristome is slightly but distinctly expanded.

There is no superior palatal lamella, and the three present ones are

small, the columellar even a trace or wanting entirely. The form

may be named: var. trinotata.

5. From San Diego, Cal. The diminution of the lamellz is

going on; none but the apertural is left in this variety—diegoensis

and that even is quite small or a mere trace. In size and shape,

the examples are not much different from the Monterey form, which

is an intermediate one. In the relation of var. diegoensis and the

very distinct var. catalinaria, and also elongata on the neighboring

islands, there is a zoogeographical enigma, which may be solved in

connection with other facts.

6. From Rocklin, Cal. (Placer Co. 25 Ms. N. E. of Sacramento.)

Large, conic or ovate conic, or turriculate, umbilicated, rib-like

strie rather strong; whorls 5, well rounded, with deep suture, the

last occupying more than 3 altit.; aperture subovate or nearly circu-

lar, margins much approximate and the ends protracted, peristome

shortly but decidedly expanded ; lamella one, apertural, small. Alt.

2,5; diam. 1, 5 mill. For its size, rounded aperture and single

lamella I would name this form var. cyclops. It is with some doubt

THE NAUTILUS. 19

that I refer this form to P. californica: it might just as well be re-

garded as a distinct species. But for that there will be time if no

intermediate and connecting forms be found.

It will be of special interest to examine and compare the soft parts

of all these varieties or forms, anatomically as well as to the mode

of life.

Some conchologists may consider it to be useless or oven worse to

apply varietal names to the forms described above ; but we must try

to arrange them systematically as naturally as possible, according to

their relations among themselves and with kindred species; and for

that purpose we must name them. And it is also for convenience ;

is it easier to say, in citing: “ that variety of P. californica inhabit-

ing Santa Catalina and San Clemente Islands, much smaller than the

type, with lower whorls, lighter coloration, relatively coarser striation,

and well formed lamelle,” than simply designating it by a name?

Pupa Dalliana sp. nov.

Shell conic or ovate-conic, of greenish-horn color, transparent, finely

irregularly striate in the lines of growth, polished; whorls 43, well

rounded, with deep suture, rather rapidly increasing, the last occupy-

ing about ¢ of altit., towards the aperture somewhat ascending on the

penultimate. Aperture lateral, somewhat oblique, subovate with

just perceptibly flattened palatal margin; margins approximate, the

ends protracted ; peristome shortly but decidedly expanded, with a

very fine thread-like lip near the margin, the same continuing as a

very fine callus on the apertural wall inside of the line connecting

the ends of the margins ; palatal wall quite simple; no lamelle.

Alt. 1. 2.; diam. 1. 3 mill. .

This form has been collected by Mr. Hemphill near Clear Lake,

Lake Co., Cal., and I propose to name it in honor of Mr. Wm. H.

Dall. The specimens before me were fifteen, fresh, remarkably uni-

form in their whole appearance ; all were more or less covered with a

dark brown, hard crust of slime and dirt, generally thickest around

the aperture. Doubtless this coating is done “ purposely” by the

animals, as in many other species also. When cleaned, it shows

about the size and shape of a well-grown Vertigo ovata, Say, but by

a good eye or under a glass is at once recognized as something else,

by the rounded aperture and the absence of lamelle.

20 THE NAUTILUS.

DISTRIBUTION OF UNIONIDA IN THE THREE RIVERS,

MAHONING, CUYAHOGA AND TUSCARAWAS.

BY GEO. W. DEAN, KENT, OHIO.

The table given below, while making no pretense to absolute ac-

curacy, is a fair approximation of the distribution of Unionide in the

three largest rivers and their tributaries in northeastern Ohio. AI-

though they afford us no peculiar species, unless it be the Unio Kirt-

landiana Lea of the Mahoning River, they still present some points

of interest. The reader must bear in mind that species are not found

equally distributed. Some may be found almost anywhere and

others at only one place in a whole river. The Mahoning and

Tuscarawas Rivers are tributaries of the Ohio; the first through the

Beaver, the latter through the Muskingum. The Cuyahoga rises

about thirty-five miles east of Cleveland and empties into Lake Erie

at that city. Its course is southwest to within two or three miles of

Akron from which it is almost due north to its mouth. Through this

valley runs the Ohio canal, and this canal connects this river with

the Tuscarawas by a rise that required sixteen locks, the whole dis-

tance between the two rivers being about six or seven miles. It will

be seen by the following tabular statement that Unio ligamentinus,

rectus, rubiginosus and others are common to the Tuscarawas and

lower Cuyahoga, and entirely absent in the Mahoning and upper

Cuyahoga. Above the connection of the Cuyahoga with the canal

are several falls above which are found only five or six species, but

below there the number is largely increased by those named above and

a number of other Tuscarawas forms. The interesting question pre-

sented is, have these Tuscarawas forms been introduced through the

canal during its fifty or sixty years of existence? A list ofthe forms

found in streams that empty into Lake Erie, and have no connection

by canal or otherwise with the Ohio, might throw some lght upon

the subject. In conclusion I will say that geographical distribution

is of paramount importance to the conchologist and collector, and

the least contribution to the limited knowledge of the subject we have

at present ought to be welcomed.

Mahoning River,

decora Lea,

THE NAUTILUS.

Cuyahoga River,

Anodonta.

Tuscarawas River.

plana Lea?

subeylindracea Lea, subcylindracea Lea, subcylindracea Lea.

edentula Lea,

imbicilis Say (very

rare),

pavonia Lea, Var.

Peewee eee e ee

Hildrethiana Lea,

(rare)

marginata Say,

rugosa Barnes.

circulus Lea,

clavus Lam (common),

coecineus Lea,

cylindricus Say,

fabalis Lea,

gibbosus Barnes,

iris (rare),

luteolus Lam.,

multiradiatus Lea,

occidens Lea,

(subovatus)

parvus (reservoirs)

Barnes,

rr )

phaseolus Hild.,

edentula Lea,

pavonia Lea (typical)

Above the falls.

Margaratana,

complanata Lea,

(canal)

marginata Say,

rugosa Barnes.

Unio.

alatus Lea,

circulus? Lea,

coccineus Lea,

eee were eens

eee ew ewww ee

Noveeeboraci Lea,

luteolus Lam.,

multiradiatus Lea,

nasutus Say,

occidens Lea (rare),

parvus (reservoirs)

edentula Lea.

pavonia Var.

deltoidea Lea.

complanata Lea.

dehiscens Lea (rare).

Hildrethiana Lea

(rare ).

marginata Say ?

rugosa Barnes.

alatus? Lea.

circulus Lea.

clavus Lam (rare).

coecineus Lea.

eylindricus Say.

gibbosus Barnes.

? rk

irroratus Lea.

Noveeeboraci Lea.

luteolus Lam (rare).

occidens (common)

perplexus Lea (rare).

2 9

22 THE NAUTILUS.

pressus Lea, pressus Lea, pressus Lea.

Poses ae VEIN Salis }. che ee pustulatus Lea (rare).

‘vas eee pustulosus Lea.

Lo ene Pans) |? La mama use pyramidatus Lea.

Taneianus lea, MMF sc.3 eke rangianus Lea.

pease ieee rubiginosus Lea rubiginosus Lea.

(common), (common).

DLP REn Et age rectus Lam., rectus Lam,

KirtlandianaLeay) 9% ....uee 2 ? ?

TT ae ? ? subrotundus Lea.

trianeularis Leamw We” * 7.4. eae triangularis Lea.

tuberculatus: Barnes; kicsebaee es tuberculatus Barnes.

undulatus Barness 9 = i....,.4see% undulatus Barnes.

verrucosus Barmesm) 99. © | d.ce1.cseets verrucosus Barnes

(rare). Very large. (rare).

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

FAMILY UNIONID.

189.— Unio radiatus.

Syns. :

Mya radiata, Gm. Dill. Wood.

Mya oblonga, Wood.

Lampsilis radiata, Stimp. Morse.

Unio Virginiana, Lam.

Unio radiata, modern authors.

Shell transversely oblong-ovate, broader and angular behind ;

beaks nearer the anterior extremity; epidermis concentrically

wrinkled, olivaceous with numerous lines of a greenish color radiat-

ing from the beaks to the margin; nacre bluish-white, irridescent

at the posterior portion, with flesh colored tints; cardinal teeth

strong, erect, triangular pyramidal. Length 3 inches, height 115,

breadth 14.

It inhabits ponds and rivers on the eastern slope of the Allegha-

nies and is quoted as being one of our most common species, but it is

THE NAUTILUS. 23

not the case in Rhode Island, being extremely local, though abundant

where found at all. Up to October of 1872, it had never been col-

lected in this State. I had frequently examined our various ponds

and rivers with particular reference to this species, without success,

but in riding past Mashapang Pond one day in October, I noticed

that the water was extremely low, and on going down to the edge

of the pond I saw numerous tracks of Unios in the sand, and among

them were some which seemed a little different in shape from those

made by the U. complanatus. On following up these tracks (some of

them eight or ten feet in length) I found at the end of each, bur-

rowed in the sand, the long-looked for radiatus.

Genus Margaritana, Schum., 1817.

Shell transverse, inequilateral ; hinge like that of Unio, but des-

titute of lateral teeth. There are forty species, three of which in-

habit Rhode Island.

(To be continued.)

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

ToirpD SUPPLEMENT TO FirrH VOLUME OF TERRESTRIAL

Mo.uusks oF THE UNITED States. By W. G. Kinney. (Ex.

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. xix, pt. 4, May, 1890.) This Third

Supplement equals our expectations, in fully sustaining the author’s

reputation for careful and reliable work. In it are described

and figured the species of land mollusks made known since the

publication of the Second Supplement. Mr. Binney, while not de-

parting from that wise conservatism, in regard to specific limitations,

which has made his successive volumes models of careful systematic

work, devotes more space than formerly to the important subject of

variation. Geographical distribution also has much attention.

The species and varieties figured and described are as follows: Zonites

minusculus var. Alachuana Dall (Florida), Succinea chrysis and annexa

Westerlund (Alaska), Zonites ligerus var. Stonei Pilsbry (Del.), Z.

Sterkit Dall (Ohio), Pupa Holzingeri Sterki (Minn., Ill.), Zonites

Singleyanus Pilsbry (Texas), Z. Dallianus Simpson (Fla.), Micro-

physa? dioscoricola Ad. (Fla.), Polygyra auriculata var. microforis

Dall (Fla.), P. Jacksoni var. deltoidea Simpson (Ind. Ter.), Mesodon

Kiowaensis Simpson (Ind. Ter.), Acanthinulu granum Strebel &

24 THE NAUTILUS.

Pfeffer (Fla.), Onchidiwm floridanum Dall (Fla.), Limaax Hemphilli

W.G. B. (Cal.), Arion foliolatus Gould (a species of Prophysaon),

Prophysaon ceruleum, fasciatum, Pacificum, flarwm and humile of

Cockerell, Polygyra Roperi Pilsbry (Cal.), Patula strigosa vars. sub-

carinata, jugalis and Buttoni Hemphill, Zonites selenitoides Pilsbry,

Z. Simpsoni Pilsbry, Pupa calamitosa Pilsbry, Helix tudiculata var.

Binneyi Hemphill, Helicodiscus fimbriatus var. Salmonensis Hemp-

hill (Idaho & Oakland, Cal.). The discussion of the Helix major-

albolabris-andrewsi group, and of the western slugs of the genera

Hemphillia and Prophysaon are of great interest. The contribution

to the literature of our slugs is particularly timely and valuable.

Mr. Binney considers Bulimulus Hemphilli Wright a synonym of B.

Floridianus Pfeiffer. The plates, 10 in number, are admirably

drawn and printed; six of them illustrating slugs. The original

drawings are by Binney, A. F. Gray, T. D. A. Cockerell and A. H.

Baldwin. There are also numerous wood-cuts in the text. Whilst

we would perhaps take exceptions to certain minor details of Mr.

Binney’s classification, the work as a whole, is certainly very credit-

able to the distinguished author.—H. A. P.

GENERAL NOTES.

HELIX HORTENSISIN Nantucket. Dr. Harrison Allen of Phila-

delphia, whose summer home is at the picturesque little village of

Siasconset, on the island of Nantucket, has presented me with four

specimens of H. hortensis taken there by him ;—the only ones he has

seen. This is the most southerly locality for this species yet known.

I am not inclined to believe it a native American, as Mr. Cockerell

thinks, but would rather regard it as animmigrant, who has come over,

like the rest of us, in comparatively recent times, and is gradually

extending its range. Two of the specimens are yellow, one with 4,

the other with 5 brown bands; one shell is uniform yellow (form

lutea Moq.); one is yellow with 5 translucent, almost colorless bands,

the lower two very wide, almost coalescent.—H. A. Pruspry.

SPECIES DETERMINED. From E. W. Roper, Revere, Mass.

1, Nerita fulgurans Gmel. 2, Perna ephippium Lam. 3, Colum-

bella nitida Lam. 4, Conus mus Hwass. 6, Litorina ziczac

Dillw. 7, Cerithium minimum Gmel. 8, Modulus Floridanus

Conr. 9, Ricinula nodulosa Ad. 10, Purpura deltoidea Lam.

Locality, Vera Cruz, Mex.—H. A. P.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreisn Countries.) 10cts. a copy.

(idm ee

NAUILILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vols TV. Ve, 1th. JULY, 1890. No. 3.

CONTENTS:

A New Eocene FossiIL FROM TExas. TT. H. Aldrich.

New Forms OF WESTERN LIMNIADES. Henry Hemphill.

NOTES ON SOME NoRTH AMERICAN PUPID-E WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW

PAGE

bo bo

Gr cl.

Species. Dr. V. Sterki. : , . 27

REMARKS ON UROSALPINX PERRUGATUS CiaRaD: Frank C. Baker. 2

PRESERVATION OF COLOR IN FosstL SHELLS. Charles R. Keyes. 7 a0)

THE Isaac LEA CHAPTER OF THE AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION. Dr. M.L.Leach. 31

STRENGTH OF LIMPETs. . 5 , ey

COLLECTING CHITONS ON THE Bienc Cole Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. 32

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. ‘ : : 5 Hs

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. 35

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 36

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 1] Carlstrasse.

il THE NAUTILUS.

INomenclature, and Check iais¢

—_—OF—

AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

A list of United States Land Shells, complete to Sept., 1889, containing the

species and varieties with their habitats, prefaced by a brief discussion of their

nomenclature.

Collectors interested in American Shells will find this a useful list for arranging

and naming their collections, checking desiderata in making exchanges, etc.

20 pages, Octavo, Price, single copies - 10 cts.

per dozen - 50 cts.

Address:

ee A. FIESBRY,

Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.

WANTED a clean copy of CARPENTERS,

“* MOLLUSKS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA,’ Washington, 1872.

Address :

Secretary Natural History Society of B. C.,

Prov encial Mus., Rector B: G;

FOR DISPOSAL :—Land, Fresh-Water, and Marine Shells from Europe, India, Cuba,

“Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.—All good specimens, correctly named, and localized.

WANTED :—North American Shells—English specimens offered in exchange. (No Post

ards.) Address to

DR. J. T. T. REED,

Ryhope, Sunderland, England.

CIGAR SPECIALTIES.

ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.

CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER.

$5.00 PER HUNDRED.

“QTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred.

In 50 and 100 Boxes.

FINLEY ACKER & CO.,123 N. 8th St., Phila., Pa.

Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U.S. Write for information.

FOR SALE.—Mounted Odontophores of twenty-

five species of California Marine Mollusca. Send for

Jist to

MISS ANNA GOODSELL,

Morgan House, Poughkeepsie, N. ¥

Var - NAUTILUS:

VOL. Iv. JULY, 1890. No. 3.

A NEW EOCENE FOSSIL FROM TEXAS.

BY T. H. ALDRICH, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Omalaxis Singleyi n. sp.

Shell flat, smooth, tricarinate, one carina on each edge and one

on the periphery of the body whorl; apex impressed ;

gy? whorls four, but three showing above, suture deeply

/ excavated, upper and lower part of whorls inclining

toward suture. Mouth nearly quadrangular. Length

1lmm.; breadth 3mm. Locality: Lee Co., Texas.

This is the second species now known from the

Atlantic Eocene. ‘The first was described by I. Lea

from the Claiborne sand as “ Orbis rotella.”” For the

generic synonymy see Dall’s “ Report on the Mollus-

ca,” 1889, part 2, p. 276. Discovered by J. A. Singley, Esq., and

named in his honor.

NEW FORMS OF WESTERN LIMNIADES,

BY HENRY HEMPHILL, SAN DIEGO, CAL.

Limneza (Leptolimnea) Pilsbryi Hemphill.

Shell elongated, narrow, somewhat solid, smooth, of a light horn-

color; consisting of about six roundly-shouldered whorls, the last

flattened on its sides and occupying a little more than half the length

26 THE NAUTILUS.

of the shell; lines of growth very delicate, suture deep; aperture

oval, longer than wide, outer lip acute; inner lip subreflexed.

Length ¢, breadth 4 of an inch.

Habitat: Fish Spring, Nevada.

I collected a few specimens of this interesting shell in the month

of June, 1868, at this locality, after a long and hard day’s ride of 40

miles horseback. Another long ride next day of 50 miles to water,

compelled an early start and thus the opportunity to secure more

specimens was lost.

Limnea stagnalis var. occidentalis Hemphill.

Shell large, globose, very thin and fragile ; of a light horn-color ;

whorls five, the last rapidly increasing in size and constituting about

three-quarters the entire length of the shell and generally covered

with revolving malleations separated by obtuse, irregular lines more

or less conspicuous ; lines of growth somewhat irregular and con-

spicuous ; spire short, sharp and acute, consisting of three obliquely

twisted whorls and the nucleus; suture well impressed ; aperture

globosely oval, longer than wide ; outer lip thin, sharp, acute, sub-

reflexed near its junction with the columella; inner lip sinuous

and well defined, columellar strongly twisted.

Length of the largest specimen 12 inch, breadth 1 inch.

Habitat: Lake Whatcom, Whatcom Co., Washington.

There is considerable distortion in the fifteen or twenty specimens

of this interesting variety that I found on the shores of the above

lake in November, 1889. This shell would probably be considered

new by many conchologists, but I regard this as simply a telescoped,

so to speak, variety of the metropolitan stagnalis. It might be called

with propriety the L. auricularia of America, and occupies a posi-

tion midway between L. stagnalis and L. auricularia and creates a

suspicion in my mind that the latter after all is but a form of the

former species. I found two living specimens in the lake. These

I intended to have preserved in spirit, but not having a large

mouthed bottle at hand I placed them in a box with some living

Selenites Vancouverensis, intending to remove them before night;

this I neglected to do and the next morning when I opened the box,

I was horrified to find two of the largest Selenites, had their long

white bodies inserted into the shells of their aquatic cousins and all

that remained of the soft parts of my new-found treasures, was the

tip end of their bodies in the last whorl of the spires of their shells.

THE NAUTILUS. 27

Physa var. Columbiana Hemphill.

Shell globose or moderately elongated, shining, solid; of a dark

horn, or chestnut color ; whorls four, the last occupying about three-

quarters the entire length of the shell; suture well defined and

generally marked by a fine yellowish line; spire short, obtuse; aper-

ture long and moderately wide; outer lip simple, thickened inter-

nally with a dark chestnut deposit that shows on the outside as a

yellowish band ; columella lip somewhat sinuous, and well folded on

the body whorl.

Length of an elongated specimen %, breadth 75 of an inch.

Length of a globose specimen 3, breadth 75 of an inch.

Habitat: Columbia River, Astoria, Oregon.

I collected nearly two hundred specimens of this shell at the above

locality in the month of November, 1877. They were found adher-

ing to the underside of stones that are submerged several feet during

high tide, associated with Goniobasis plicifera var. bulimoides Tryon.

On comparison with specimens of Physa ampullacea Gld. collected

by me in Owens River Valley, in 1869, and a few specimens from

the upper Columbia also collected by myself, I am satisfied this shell

is a small or miniature form of that species and not a variety of

Physella globosa Hald. as supposed by the late G. W. Tryon. There

is considerable variation in the form of this shell, but there is no

plication on the columella, the only character in the genus Physella

worth noticing. My specimens of Physa ampullacea Gld. from

Owens River Valley, are very large and globose, with the columella

strongly twisted, and are fully as well qualified to enter the genus

Physella as the present specimens.

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN PUPIDH WITH DESCRIPTIONS

OF NEW SPECIES.

BY DR. VY. STERKI, NEW PHILADELPHIA, OHIO.

Pupa Hemphilli sp. nov.

In examining a lot of about 45 specimens named P. calamitosa

Pilsb., from the banks of St Thomas River, Lower California, I

found that there were two distinct forms in them. The author says,

in his description of P. calamitosa:' “Several specimens have

only one lamella on the outer lip and are rather larger than the

1 The Nautilus iii, No. 6 (Oct., 1889).

28 THE NAUTILUS.

typical form described,” represented in Pl. I, fig 6 (1. c. No. 7).

Probably I had a greater number of examples at disposition than

Mr. Pilsbry; the two forms proved to be distinct by an entirely

different formation of the lamelle as well as of the basal part of

the shell. And among the whole number I found not one interme-

diate or doubtful specimen. There is no doubt but that we have to

consider them as being specifically distinct, the more so since they

live together in the same locality. For the new species I would

propose the name: P. Hemphilli, in honor of the man to whom we

owe so many valuable additions to our malacological fauna.

As in shape and general appearance the two species are almost

alike, it may be the best way to characterize the one in question by

comparing it with P. calamitosa, Pilsb. P. Hemphilli averages a

trifle larger than its companion, but either is somewhat variable in

size. While calamitosa has a minute perforation, hemphilli is

umbilicated in quite a peculiar way: there is a nodule-like projec-

tion on the umbilical part of the last whorl producing a rima

beside the umbilicus ; in ca/amitosa there is nothing of this forma-

tion. On the other hand, the latter has a small but distinct groove-

-like impression just at the base, near the aperture appearing as a

slight projection inside; this feature is wanting in hemphilli—

Lamelle: in the latter species, when looking from front only one

is generally seen in the palatal wall, corresponding to the superior

one in calamitosa, but longer, 7. e., beginning deeper in the throat,

and fairly seen on the outside, also marked there by a corresponding

impression, ascending in a curve from near the base; a little distant

from its inner end, just above the projection mentioned, there is

another lamella beginning, directed toward the base and ending

there, also seen on the outside. Quite generally there is a very

small, thin, but well formed lamella in the palatal wall near the

projecting auricle. The columellar fold is quite short and small in

hemphilli yet consisting of a vertical and a horizontal part; the

(main) apertural lamella is decidedly longer in our species, and the

supra-apertural higher and entire while in calamitosa it is evidently

composed of two parts marked by an indentation in the middle, or

even entirely separated, in quite mature specimens.

About 20 examples, collected at San Diego, Cal., by Mr. Hemphill,

are all P. hemphilli, no calamitosa among them. They are little

different from the St. Thomas River specimens, except by a some-

what shorter palatal lamella.

THE NAUTILUS. 29

REMARKS ON UROSALPINX PERRUGATUS CONRAD.

BY FRANK C, BAKER, PHILADELPHIA, :- PA.

This mollusk was described by Conrad in the American Journal

of Science, New Series, vol. II, 1846, p. 397, as follows: “ Fusus per-

rugatus Conrad. Manatee River. Fusiform, with remote longitu-

dinal ribs, and large prominent revolving lines alternating with a

fine line ; whorls longitudinally rugose, upper half flat and oblique ;

aperture rather more than half the length of the shell, purple with-

in; labrum striate ; color of the exterior cinereous. Proportionally

wider than F’. cinereus, with fewer and larger ribs and lines.”

The only references I have been able

to find, which have been made to this shell

since the foregoing description, are those

by Dr. W. H. Dall in Bulletin No. 37 of

the United States National Museum, p.

120, and in the Report on the Blake Gas-

teropoda, p. 214, in which he says: “ There

are three American species known to be-

long to it ; ( Urosalpinz) :-- U. cinereus Say,

ranging from Massachusetts to Florida ;

U. tampaensis Conrad, known only from

the west coast of Florida....... lastly

U. perrugatus Conrad.”

Among the specimens of cinereus in

the collection of the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia [ found several trays of perrugatus, and

as no really good description, and no figure has been published of

this species, I take this opportunity of redescribing and figuring the

same.

Urosalpinx perrugatus Conrad.

Shell fusiform, solid, cinerous, under the lens showing a scabrous

texture ; whorls six, subearinated, longitudinally plicate, the folds

eight in number on the last whorl, large, rounded ; there are eigh-

teen strong, spiral lirse, with fine intervening threads; aperture

ovate, rather more than half the length ofthe entire shell ; outer lip

rounded, edge scalloped by the spiral lire; inner lip arcuate,

smooth; canal longish, open, reflexed ; umbilicus none, but there is

30 THE NAUTILUS.

a a furrow in its place, bounded by a fasciole; aperture purple with-

n; apex minute, knob-shaped, smooth.

Alt. 32, diam. 15 millimeters. Aperture (including canal) alt. 6,

diam. 6 millimeters.

It is separated from cinereus by its greater proportional width, its

stronger ribs and spiral lire and more scabrous texture. It is at

once separated from tampaensis by the sculpture; that of tampaen-

sis being latticed by the intersection of the longitudinal and spiral

lines; there are other differences which will at once distinguish it

from that species.

Specimens have been collected at Cedar Keys, by Mr. Henry

Hemphill, and I understand from collectors that it has been found

elsewhere on the west coast of Florida.

PRESERVATION OF COLOR IN FOSSIL SHELLS.

BY CHARLES R. KEYES.

Recently some interesting fossils have come under my notice: Tra-

chydomia wheeleri Swallow from the Coai Measures of Illinois. The

group is a member of the Naticide, a family which in the American

Palzeozoic is also represented by several other genera. The shells

alluded to, while Natica-like in general aspect, are rather small in

size, massive, with the surface covered with numerous conspicuous

nodes, and the callosity of the inner lip greatly thickened and ex-

tended. Among the specimens are a number in which the coloration

of the callous portions and of the interior surface is still visible. In

some individuals the color is an intense shining black; in some a

purplish-black ; in others dull faded purple; and in a few the color

has entirely disappeared. Aside from the apertural parts all traces

of the original coloration of the shell are lost. | Apropos it may be

mentioned that de Koninck has also called attention to examples of

Macrochilus from the Carbonic of Belgium, having the maculate sur-

face still apparent. The markings in this instance consist of series

of large rectangular spots. And it is presumable that the shells of

this Carbonic group were originally brightly colored and presented

an appearance similar to many recent forms of the genera Mitra and

Conus. In the Liss (post-pleiocene) deposits of the Upper Missis-

sippi Valley there are some forty or more species of land and fluvia-

tile shells known; the majority of which are still found living with-

THE NAUTILUS. ol

in the limits of the region. Two terrestrial forms Patula strigosa

Gould, and P. alternata Say, often still retain in the fossil state the

red surface markings. Several similar cases other than those here

referred to, might also be mentioned, but it is scarcely necessary in

the present connection.

In its broadest sense, the term fossil is applicable to all naturally

buried organic remains; whether recently entombed, or having

been inclosed for countless ages in the earth’s strata. In the general

process of petrifaction of organic structures the animal matter is

quickly destroyed and only the hard parts escape obliteration.

When the proportion of organic to inorganic material is large there

is usually a more or Jess complete effacement of all indications of

life ; but when the mineral constituents predominate, as in the shells

of mollusks, brachiopods, and the tests of echinoderms, etc., these

parts are often preserved intact, with simply a loss of animal matter.

It frequently happens, however, that the calcareous shell is gradually

and completely replaced by some other mineral substance, as iron or

silicon, yet preserving perfectly the form and ornamentation. As

might be expected under the circumstances the original coloration

of fossil shells is very rarely retained ; and the few instances noted

are therefore of particular interest as revealing certain phases of

mollusean life that existed in ages gone by. In the later geological

deposits the retainment of some trace of coloration in shells is of

course very much more probable than in the earlier rocks.

THE ISAAC LEA CHAPTER OF THE AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION.

BY DR. M. L. LEACH.

Referring to the organization of the American Association of

Conchologists, notices of which have appeared in recent numbers

of the NauriLus, it may not be out of place to mention that a similar

society, having the same objects in view, is already in the third year

of its existence. The Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association,

is made up of members widely scattered over the country, to whom

the study of conchology is of special interest. There has never

been a meeting of the Chapter, but the voting and all society

business is done by correspondence. No fee is required for admis-

sion, and there are no assessments or dues. The members are

32 THE NAUTILUS.

expected to correspond with each other, to exchange specimens, and

to help each other in their scientific work. Once a year the

members report to the secretary, and the secretary reports to the

president of the Association, Prof. H. H. Ballard, Pittsfield, Mass.

Prof Josiah Keep, Mills College, Cal., is president of the Chapter,

and Dr. M. L. Leach, Wexford, Mich., is acting secretary.

STRENGTH OF LIMPETS.!

According to J. Lawrence Hamilton, M. R. C.5S., the limpet is

probably the strongest of known animals, excepting perhaps the

Venus verrucosa of the Mediterranean Sea, which pulls 2,071 times

its own weight when out of its shell. At Folkestone, Eng., Mr.

Lawrence Hamilton found that the common sea shore limpet which

weighs about half an ounce when deprived of its shell, required a

force exceeding 62 lbs. to remove it from its powerful grip upon the

rock, or 1,984 times its own dead weight. The superficial area of

the base of the limpet experimented with measured 2.4 sq. inches.

Mr. H. doubts whether the limpet’s adhesive force has anything to

do with the question of atmospheric pressure. A curious illustra-

tion of the limpet’s strength is given by another naturalist. On

a warm dry day in summer, on the Northern Coast of Scotland, a

hare approached a limpet and endeavored to moisten its tongue by

contact with the watery looking flesh of the latter; instantly, the

limpet closed on to a rock pinning the hare fast by the tongue and

holding it until the animal was caught by the observer of the

occurrence.

COLLECTING CHITONS ON THE PACIFIC COAST.

Excerpts from a Diary.

BY MRS. M. BURTON WILLIAMSON.

Whilst peering under a rocky shelf (at Point Fermin) I saw some-

thing that seemed to move when I touched it accidentally with my

knife. I pushed my knife under one end of it—the only end visible—

1 We are indebted to Mr.S. R. Roberts for this interesting note on the adhesive

power of the Limpet. It is from the L//strated American.

nao

THE NAUTILUS. 00

and I found that the resistance was not that of a hard substance,

but became less as my knife went farther under the rock and soon I

had a big chiton, Stenoradsia Magdalensis Rve.,on my knife! * * *

Near where we found the Conus in the moss, in a shelving rock so

close to another rock below it in the water that we could not remove

it, we found a huge chiton. ‘To get it out, it was necessary to break

the sandy rock with a hatchet. There they lie, Stenoradsia Magdal-

ensis, so close together that in less than three feet of the layer of

rock that was chipped off we found over one dozen ; some almost

four inches in length! Just as they were collected from their damp

environment they presented a beautiful appearance. On the outside,

as well as inside, save three or four old fellows, the shells were a

bright pink, like the interior of a pink-lined sea shell.

In a mossy carpet on a wet rock I found chitons, Mopalia ciliata

and M. lignosa imbedded in the rock. Sometimes the Chitons

were entirely covered with moss and could only be detected because

the moss seemed to be growing inacircle. In the moss the Chitons,

on the outside, were green and brown like the moss around them ;

under and between the rocks, they were pink; when found in little

depressions in boulders out of the water, they were almost the exact

color of the stone on which they lived. These were mostly the Che-

topleura Hartwigii Cpr. Here as elsewhere environment seems to

play a most important part. Are specific differences merely the

changing forms due to environment alone ?

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

JUNE 28, 1890.

The annual election for officers of the association took place by

correspondence, as provided for in the rules, during the week com-

mencing June 4th. The president, John H. Campbell and the

secretary, Charles W. Johnson were unanimously re-elected. For

vice-president several of the members were honored with the votes

of their associates, but most of those voting, were of the opinion that

it would be well to have the vice-president live in the same place as

the other officers, particularly during the first year, so that Mr. John

Ford of Philadelphia received more ballots than all the other per-

sons voted for and was declared elected. Mr. Ford is one of the

best-equipped conchologists in America. For many years he has

54 THE NAUTILUS.

been an active member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia, and in identifying species he is almost unrivalled.

While not the largest, his collection of shells is one of the finest in

America, and in his specialty, the Olivide, there is no other collec-

tion in America, which can approach it in the number and beauty

of the specimens.

The Association is growing rapidly. There are now upon its rolls,

representatives from Canada, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New

York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia,

Virginia, South Carolina, Florida, Texas, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas

and California. It is the intention to eventually enroll the conchol-

ogists of Central and South America, Mexico and the West Indies,

as well as of the United States and Canada. From the tenor of the

correspondence received by the officers, the idea of the Association

meets with much favor.

Dr. V. Sterki of New Philadelphia, Ohio, requests the loan from

members, of North and South American Pupide for study and com-

parison. He promises to return promptly and in good condition,

the specimens which may be sent to him.

Frank C. Baker, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-

delphia, was a member of the Academy’s recent expedition to Mexico

He has returned, bringing with him numerous conchological acquisi-

tions, as a partial result of the trip.

Rey. A. Dean of Muncy, Pa., has had the degree of D. D. con-

ferred upon him.

The address of Prof. William H. Dall of the U.S. National

Museum, Washington, upon “ Deep Sea Mollusks and the conditions

under which they exist’ has been printed in pamphlet form. The

address was delivered before the Biological Society of Washington,

of which Professor Dall is the President. Another able paper of

the professor’s, ‘On dynamic influences in evolution ” has also been

printed in pamphlet form.

Geo. W. Harper, Principal of the Woodward High School, Cin-

cinnati, Ohio, is the author of a “ Catalogue of the Unionidee of the

Mississippi Valley.”

THE NAUTILUS. 33D)

Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, Baldwinsville, N. Y., is the author of

“ Land and Fresh Water Shells of Onondaga County, with a sup-

plemental list of New York species.”

Mr. L. B. Elliot, Iowa City, Iowa, is studying the dentition of

mollusca and would be pleased to receive alcoholic specimens from

the members.

The officers of the Association return thanks for the many kind

messages conveyed to them in the letters of the members.

George T. Marston, Green Bay, Wis., has collected over 100 spe-

cies from the vicinity of his place of residence. He makes a spe-

cialty of Wisconsin Mollusca.

A new circular is being prepared and will be sent, within a week,

to all persons, who have been proposed for membership during the

past month. Some care in the consideration of applications is nec-

essary, as the officers have been written to several times concerning

a class of collectors, who systematically commit frauds, by soliciting

shells in exchange and not making any return. It is important that

such persons should not be admitted to the Association.

T. Marshall Fry, Syracuse, N. Y., writes: “I think the Associa-

tion may be made a success, if it is taken hold of with a will, and

does not become too large and unwieldy.”

Miss Ida M. Shepard, Long Beach, Cal., writes: ‘“‘ Last week we

found a Cypraea spadicea alive, about eleven miles north of here.

How much farther north they are found, I do not know, but think

not very much.” She has collected about 230 West Coast species

of shells.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

190.—Margaritana arcuata, Barnes.

Shell large, more or less kidney shaped, very inequilateral, thick

and strong; beaks not prominent, much eroded; epidermis tar-

colored ; interior smooth, bluish white with a greenish margin;

cardinal teeth, two in the left valve, erect, strong and pyramidal and

one in the right valve, long, grooved and twisted. Length, 42 inches ;

breadth, 1+, inch; height, 2 inches. Some authors consider this species

‘identical with the British shell called margaritifera and credit it

with a circumboreal distribution quoting it from Europe, Siberia,

British America and the Northern U.S. If this be so, it is the

only species of fresh-water clam known to both continents. The

European species is well known as the pearl-bearing Unio par

36 THE NAUTILUS.

excellence, but I have never heard of pearls being found in our

American shell; the interior of the British shell is described by

Reeve as being rose colored or salmon with much iridescence and in

another place as having a bluish-tinted interior; our shell has not

these colors. The two species look very much alike, but there are

differences to be observed in the appearance of the exterior as well

as interior of the valves. The British species is found only in

mountainous regions while ours is not so particular in its habitat.

It oceurs in running streams in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont

and Mass., and according to Gould is confined to the interior, and

never found near the sea coast. The only specimens ever found in

R. I.—some dozen or more—were obtained by a young lad of this

city, Master Eugene Austin, in Roaring Brook, Exeter, while on

a visit to his friends in that town in 1872.

(To be continued.)

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

On SomME MarInE INVERTEBRATA collected by Dr. S. M. Daw-

son in 1885, on the coast of British Columbia, by J. F. Whiteaves,

(ex. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. iv). Among the Gasteropoda and Pele-

eypods, Leptochiton cancellatus, Bela violacea, Cancellaria circumeineta,

Admete viridula Pecten alaskensis, Yoldia thraceformis and Sipho

Verkruzeni are northern forms, new to the Vancouver district ; while

Solariella peramabilis, Barleeia subtenuis Limatula subauriculata and

Leda acuta are Californian shells, now for the first time reported so

far northward. Astarte undata and Eulima incurva, if correctly

identified, seem to be new to the fauna of the West Coast. Marga-

rita cidaris, of which a fine series was collected, was previously known

by a single specimen. Cadulus aberrans and Leptochiton punctatus

are described as new. Leptothyra sanguinea L. is reported as col-

lected at a number of localities, and its distribution given as “ Japan,

California and the Agean Sea.” We have already shown that the

Mediterranean, Japanese and Californian shells belong to three per-

fectly distinct species; the true L. sanguinea being confined to the

first named locality. To our Californian shell we gave the name L.

Curpenteri. The list is an interesting addition to our knowledge

of Vancouver mollusks.—H. A. P.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW Spectres OF LAND SHELL from Cuba.

Vertigo Cubana. By W.H. Dall, Curator dept. of moll., U.S. Nat.

Mus. 1890, p. i. This is a remarkable form of Vertigo. Itisa

minute, oval shell. The surface strongly ribbed, aperture bearing

lamelle. The author compares it to the Sandwich Island Pupa

lyrata of Gould —H. A. P.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a ceny.

1Y, lf F THE

NAUTIL

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pitspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. IV. AUGUST, 1890. No. 4.

= = = — ~ = =

CONTENTS:

PAGE

PLATE I, ! ‘ 3 5 : . : é . 38

NEw UNITED STATES PUPID. : : ; : : 5 BY

NOTES ON SPH4RIUM SECURE PRIME. Edward W. Roper. : _ oo

NEw VARIETIES OF WESTERN LAND SHELLS. Henry Hemphill. . 41

A NEw Pupa. Dr. V. Sterki. 3 , 3 A e . 44

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. ‘ ‘ - 45

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. 46

GENERAL NOTES. é : 2 F : : : 5) ENE

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. : : z , : : . 48

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

li THE NAUTILUS.

North American Shells for Sale.

The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good

colleciions of North American shells at moderate prices.

New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names

of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price

20 ets., free on all orders of one dollar and over.

Address

HENRY HEMPHILL,

P:.QO3Box Oia. San Diego, Cal.

Nomenclature and Check-List

—OF—

AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

A list of United States Land Shells, complete to Sept., 1889, containing the

species and varieties with their habitats, prefaced by a brief discussion of their

nomenclature.

Collectors interested in American Shells will find this a useful list for arranging

and naming their collections, checking desiderata in making exchanges, etc.

20 pages, Octavo, Price, single copies - 10 ets.

ie es “* per dozen - 50 cts.

Address :

Wa: PILSBRY,

Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.

WANTED a clean copy of CARPENTER’S

‘*MoLLusKS OF WESTERN NorRTH AMERICA,” Washington, 1872.

Address :

Secretary Natural History Society of B. C.,

Provincial Mus., Victoria, B. C.

FOR SALE.—Mounted Odontophores of twenty-

five species of California Marine Mollusea. Send for

list to

MISS ANNA GOODSELL,

Morgan House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Tue Navutitus, 1890. PLATE I.

Fic. 2. y

PIG. 7.

Fic. 6.

F3.q

} a

WD)

eee NACL US.

VOL. Iv. AUGUST, 1890. No. 4.

NEW UNITED STATES PUPIDE.

The plate opposite this page illustrates the species of Pupide de-

scribed during the past year in the pages of Tur Nautitus, by Dr.

V. Sterki and others. The illustrations have been very kindly

loaned by Mr. W. G. Binney.

Fig. 1. Vertigo Binneyana Sterki described in the Proceedings

of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. See also THE

Navrtitus, March, 1889, p. 125.

Fig. 2. Vertigo Dalliana Sterki. See THe Nautitus for June,

1890, p. 19.

Fig. 5. Vertigo rugulosa Sterki. The Proceedings of the Phila-

delphia Academy, 1890, contain the description of this form.

Fig. 4. Pupa Clementina Sterki.

Fig. 5. Pupa Oscariana Sterki. Described in Tor Nauriuvs.

Fig. 6. Pupa Hemphilli Sterki. Tur Nauritus, July, 1890,

p. 27 :

Fig. 7. Pupa syngenes Pilsbry. Tur Navurius, May, 1890, p.

The figures are from drawings by Dr. Sterki—H. A. P.

NOTES ON SPHZRIUM SECURE PRIME.

BY EDWARD W. ROPER.

The most common New England Spherium, and the one most

often incorrectly identified is S. secure Prime. It flourishes equally

40 THE NAUTILUS.

well in ponds, rivers, brooklets and ditches, if only the water is

clean. If the bottom is of mud, it will be found clinging to sticks,

stone, dead leaves and submerged vegetation, climbing often nearly

to the surface of the water. It is a small shell usually less than

one-third of an inch long, and in color bright yellow, unless covered

with vegetable mould. The animal is pink, and shows through the

shell, so that the species may be recognized by its peculiar rosy

glint in the water. The shell is trapezoidal, slightly oblique, acutely

rounded in front, more elevated and truncate posteriorly. The

beaks are approximate at the apex and project forward. The ends

seem sharply pinched and there is a depression each side of the

beaks, giving the impression of a ridge from the apex to each

ventral end. This is the typical form and I have never seen it from

south of New Jersey, nor west of New York.

Mr. H. F. Carpenter has described a Rhode Island shell as

Spherium deformis, which should be considered a variety of S. secure.

It is somewhat larger, more elongated, and the basal margin com-

pressed and distorted. From Adamsville, N. J., I have also many

specimens of Var. deformis, smaller than the Rhode Island shells,

but similarly twisted.

While the typical S. secwre is an eastern shell, the more western

states furnish some distinct varieties. From Traverse City, Mich.,

comes a very yellow, elevated form, the animal of which is also yel-

low. This is probably the shell described by James Lewis as S.

croceum, and said to be found on gravel bottoms. This, however,

may be a condition, rather than a habit, as the same thing occurs

in the case of S. secwre at Readville, Mass., in a clean pond.

From Fenton Co., Mich., I havea number of solid, globose, brown

shells, which were identified at the Philadelphia Academy of Sci-

ences as S. sphaericum Anth. They are thicker and more globular

than any New England specimens of S. secure, excepting those from

Readville, which are equally solid, with beaks more pointed, and in

color yellow. Even more closely resembling the Readville shell is

a form from Mercer Co., IIl., of an olive green color. These forms

are liable to be confounded with S. occidentale Prime. The latter

is of the same size, but is perfectly oval, and the rounded beaks

hardly rise above the outline. S. partumeium is larger and more

lenticular, and S. truncatum is thinner, pellucid and lesstumid. A

Kansas shell going the rounds as S. sphaericwm, is another species,

much larger, and allied to S. contractum and S. elevatum.

THE NAUTILUS. 41

In conclusion, I would like to say a few words about collecting

these puzzling shells. In common with others of the family, they

arrive at maturity in the spring, and the adults are generally dead

by midsummer. Those taken later in the season will be young and

immature. It is more difficult to collect in the spring, when the

water-courses are full to overflowing, but I have had little trouble since

adopting a simple suggestion from my friend, George J. Streator, of

Garrettsville, O. An ordinary wire dish-cover tied to a long pole is

an effective scoop, and the meshes are fine enough to prevent the

escape of small shells, while yet the mud can be washed out. Young

shells will often be found within the adults, and should be saved,

because in making exchanges, a set showing various stages of growth

is the most useful for study and comparison.

NEW VARIETIES OF WESTERN LAND SHELLS.

BY HENRY HEMPHILL, SAN DIEGO, CAL.

Helix ptychophorus var. castaneus Hemphill.

Shell umbilicated, globosely depressed, of a dark chestnut color ;

surface covered with coarse, irregular, widely separated lines of

growth, and crowded, microscopical revolving lines; whorls 53,

convex, the last slightly descending in front, spire elevated ; suture

well impressed, aperture subcircular; lip white, reflected and

partially covering the umbilicus, its terminations approaching ; um-

bilicus small and deep.

Height ¢ inch, diameter 1 inch.

Habitat, Old Mission and Rathdrum, Idaho.

I regard H. ptychophorus as the progenitor of what I call the

Towsendiana group of west coast land shells, and this colored vari-

ety seems to still further indicate its relationship to Townsendiana,

for the spire whorls of nearly all the specimens of Townsendiana

that I have collected are chestnut colored. Townsendiana does not

begin to put on its wrinkles until it has made about four revolutions

of the shell. The wrinkles are probably due to its environment.

Helix tudiculata var. subdolus, Hemphill.

Shell narrowly umbilicated ; globosely depressed, of a dark yellow-

ish color, surface somewhat shining, covered with oblique strie,

42 THE NAUTILUS.

interrupted by numerous wavy lines and oblong blister-like wrink-

les, hardly perceptible to the naked eye ; whorls 53, convex, striped

by a single chestnut band, double margined by lighter ones; spire

very little elevated, suture well impressed ; lip simple reflected, and

nearly covering the umbilicus, its terminations approaching and

joined by a thin callus ; umbilicus narrow and small.

Height 3 inch, greatest diam. 1 inch, lesser { inch.

Habitat San Jasinto Valley, San Diego Co., Calif.

A very depressed form, quite variable in size, some of the speci-

mens not being more than half the size of the measurements given.

It is lighter colored than any of the southern varieties of tudicu-

lata, except var. Binneyt.

Selenites Vancouverensis, var. Keepi, Hemphill.

Shell umbilicated, greatly depressed, thin, smooth, shining trans-

parent, scarcely marked by the delicate wrinkles; very light horn

color; whorls over four, somewhat flattened above and beneath,

and scarcely descending at the aperture ; spire flat, not rising above

the body-whorl ; suture well impressed ; umbilicus moderately large,

exhibiting most of the volutions; aperture transversely subcircular,

wider than high ; lip simple, thickened, sinuous above, very slightly

reflected at the base, ends scarcely approached.

Width 75 inch, height #5 inch.

Habitat, Hills near Oakland, California.

One specimen only.

This rare and interesting little shell I collected some years ago.

It is a perfect miniature form, in every respect, of S. Vancouverensis.

I regard it as an extremely small variety of that so-called species. It

is about the size of the variety of S. Duranti lately described as

S. celata Mazyck, but differs very materially in form, sculpture and

the general texture of the shell. It differs from var. Catalinensis

in being more robust, larger, and hasa smaller umbilicus. I dedicate

this pretty little shell to Prof. Josiah Keep of Mills College, Cali-

fornia, who has done so much through his interesting little book to

stimulate the study of West Coast shells.

Selenites Vancouverensis var. hybrida Hemphill.

Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, slightly convex above, sur-

face shining, polished, of a dark yellowish-green color, lines of

growth coarse, rib-like and regular on the spire, finer and more ir-

regular on the body-whorl, crossed by fine revolving lines that be-

THE NAUTILUS. 43

‘come fainter on the last whorl, suture well impressed; aperture

rounded, broader than high, greatly indented above ; lip simple,

very little reflected below at its junction with the columella, very

sinuous aboye, its terminations joined by a very thin callus.

Height ¢ inch, breadth 1 inch.

Habitat, Astoria, Oregon.

In the strong rib-like sculpturing of the spire, depressed form and

‘sinuous lip, it resembles sportella. In its greater diameter, dark

greenish color, and the absence of the decussating sculpture on the

last whorl it approaches Vancouverensis.

All our American Selenites commence life with a finely granu-

lated shell. When they have attained about two whorls the strize

begins to appear and increase in strength as the shell increases in

size.

It is well known that all shell-bearing mollusks construct their

shells, in obedience to the laws of their constitutional characteris-

tics and the environment, among which I include affinity of matter

and mechanical skill, the later a faculty possessed to a greater or

less degree by all animals. Some individuals in a colony of shells

display greater mechanical skill than others, or possess stronger im-

itative powers, and closely follow the lines and styles of their fore-

fathers, strictly attending to the details of sculpturing, not omitting

a rib or line. Other individuals of the same colony, not having this

imitative faculty so strongly developed, may change or vary the

form of the shell by constructing it with more convex whorls gener-

ally resulting in a narrower or more elevated shell; or they may

flatten the whorls, resulting in a broader and depressed form. Some

modification of the umbilicus generally follows the change in the

form of the shell. In both cases the sculpturing may be what we

call characteristic of the species, or may be more or less modified,

by the omission of one, two or more ribs, or the ribs may be more

irregular in shape. A few lines may also be dropped, perhaps some

added, or the entire surface may be modified in obedience to the laws

of the mechanical skill possessed by the individual, and the affinity

of matter secreted by the animal for the purpose of constructing the

shell. An examination of a large number of Selenites concava and

of our west coast forms, convinces one that the entire group of

American Selenites is the offspring of a single common type.

44 THE NAUTILUS.

A NEW PUPA.

BY DR. V. STERKI, NEW PHILADELPHIA, OHI10.

Pupa clementina, sp. nov. (Plate 1, figure 4.)

Shell very minute, narrowly perforate, cylindrical, pale horn

colored, transparent, with rather obtuse apex ; whorls 53, regularly

increasing, moderately rounded, with rather deep suture, smooth,

with few microscopic strive, somewhat shining; last whorl occupying

rather more than two-fifths of altit., somewhat ascending to the

aperture, with a slight, revolving impression on the middle of its

last 3, ending at the auricle; a very slight, flat, crest-elevation near

the margin, only in the lower part; aperture lateral, scarcely

oblique, subovate with the palatal margin slightly flattened, upper

part of same somewhat sinuous, peristome a little expanded with a

slightly thickened lip just at the margin; lamelle 6, white: two

on the apertural wall, the apertural, typical, and a rather long

supra-apertural, ending in a callus at the upper termination of the

palatal margin; columellar one typical, horizontal; basal very

small, nodule-like, deep seated; palatals two, typical, the inferior

a little longer.

Alt. 1:9, diam. 0°8 mill.; apert.: alt. 6, diam. 0°5.

Three examples of this species were collected by Mr. H. Hemphill

on San Clemente Island, California, among numerous P. califor-

nica, Row. All were exactly alike, well formed and fully mature.

They cannot be referred to any one of our species published, and

doubtless represent a form of their own, although so far it was not

possible to examine the soft parts.

In size, shape and general appearance it somewhat resembles Isth-

mia, yet lacks the rib-like striation ; the lamellze would be typical for

Vertigo and some of the smaller Pupa, but for the presence of the

well-developed supra-apertural which P. clementina has in common

with P. calamitosa Pilsbry and hemphilli Sterki; but on the other

hand, there is nothing of the characteristic palatal, or gular folds

of these two species. Thus, in several regards, our form is an inter-

mediate and connecting one between different groups, and con-

sequently deserves our special interest.

THE NAUTILUS. 45

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

UY ol bse:

Since last publication of list of members, the following new mem-

bers have been enrolled in the Association :

No. 68. John L. Ogden, Philadelphia, Pa. Naticide.

69. Robert T. Jackson, Dorchester, Mass. Pelecypoda.

70. Shelly G. Crump, Pittsford, N.Y. Turbinide and Tro-

chide.

71. George J. Streator, Garrettsville, Ohio. Corbiculide.

72. J. B. Quintard, Silver Lake, Kan. Kansas Mollusca.

73. Henry Prime, Huntington, N. Y. Geographical Distri-

bution of Land Shells.

74. G. E. Manigault, M. D., Charleston, 8. C.

75. Henry Moore, Columbus, Ohio. General Conchology.

76. J.B. Upson, Rockford, Ill.

77. H. kK. Morrell, Gardiner, Me. Unionide.

Members desiring to propose applicants for membership should

address the Secretary, Charles W. Johnson, Wagner Free Institute

of Science, Philadelphia, Pa.

Dr. G. E. Manigault is connected with the Museum of Natural

History, Charleston, 8. C.

Prof. James H. Morrison, of the Virginia Military Institute, Lex-

ington, Va., is taking an active interest in the Association and has

already proposed a number of valuable members.

H. Kk. Morrell, of Gardiner, Me., writes: “I am simply a collec-

tor of shells and student of conchology.” The Association is in-

tended to associate collectors as well as students and scientists. By

directing the attention of collectors to some special group or family,

much valuable material can be put together. In fact, it is aston-

ishing how rapidly specimens are added, when the attention is con-

centrated on a small group. — It is impossible for anyone, unless he

be a millionaire, to attempt to make a general collection of shells,

which requires time, space and money; but, if each member would

devote his time to making a fine special collection, and incidentally

a representative generic collection, showing the different leading

forms, much better results will be accomplished. 4

46 THE NAUTILUS.

Rey. John Walton has changed his address from Lakeside, N. Y..,

to Pittsford, N. Y. Members will please take notice.

F. C. Browne, Framingham, Mass., writes: ‘‘I am afraid the

members are not going to get the benefit they might, if they would

correspond.” It is one of the objects of the Association to induce

correspondence between the members, especially between members

interested in the same or analogous subjects. Comparison of views,

exchanges of specimens, ete., will add to our stock of knowledge.

M. M. Shepman of Rhoon, near Rotterdam, Holland, writes:

“T would like to have some information about the American

Association of Conchologists. You will oblige me with a copy of

the rules.” The Secretary has supplied him with the information.

It may soon be possible for the Association to prepare a complete

list of North American shells. Several of the members have

selected the mollusea of special districts for study, and in time it is

expected that the whole continent will be covered. As soon as that

point is reached, each member might furnish a list of the mollusca

of his district, with authentic localities and by consolidating the

lists, an Association check list could be prepared. So far, the follow-

ing districts are covered: Rhode Island, H. F. Carpenter; Wis-

consin, Geo. T. Marston; Michigan, M. L. Leach, M. D.; Kansas,

J. B. Quintard; West Coast, Prof. Josiah Keep, Miss Ida M.

Shepard, W. J. Raymond and G. W. Lichtenthaler ; North West

Atlantic, Sanderson Smith; Vancouver Province, Geo. W. Taylor.;

Besides these the Land and Fresh Water shells of North America are

being studied by H. A. Pilsbry, F. R. Latehford, Geo. W. Harper,

Bryant Walker, J. A. Singley, Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, Wm. G.

Mazyck, D. V. Sterki, W. W. Westgate, U. S. Grant, W. G.

Binney, and W.8. Strode, M. D.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

FAMILY UNIONIDZ.

191.—Margaritana marginata, Say.

Syns. :

Alasmodonta marginata, Say, Barnes, Con. Stimp. Adams.

Unio varicosa, Lam.

THE NAUTILUS. 47

Mya rugulosa, Wood.

Alasmodon marginata, DeKay, Gould.

Margaritana marginata, Lea.

Shell ovate, thin, wedge-shaped, gaping widely behind; beaks

small, elevated ; surface wrinkled posteriorly ; epidermis olivaceous,

radiated with dark green ; teeth, one in each valve, small, compressed,

directed forwards; nacre bluish-white with a chalky margin.

Length, 2 inches; height, 1s inch; breadth, yo inch.

This species is not all common in New England, and is found very

sparingly in the Blackstone River, just above the Tin Bridge in

Central Falls.

192.—Margaritana undulata, Say.

Syns. :

Unio undulatus, Say.

Alasmodonta undulata, Barnes, Adams.

Mya undulata, Wood.

Unio lirans, Valence.

Strophitus sculptilis, Stimp.

Shell short, tumid, angular behind and widely gaping; breaks

prominent, with three or four undulations upon them; epidermis

shining, of a dark olive color, rayed with alternating yellowish and

dark bands; nacre on the anterior half, thickened, opaque, white ;

on the posterior half, thin, translucent and of a silvery luster, show-

ing through it the exterior radiations; hinge supported on a very

strong rib; the left tooth erect, conical and striated above; the left

tooth erect, and produced backwards under the ligament. Length,

2 inches; height, 17 inch; breadth, 1 inch. It is more common

than marginata, and is found in the Blackstone River and in most.

of our larger ponds.

(To be continued.)

GENERAL NOTES.

SPECIES DETERMINED. From W. J. Raymond, Oakland, Cal.

1, Olivella floralia Duclos, West Indies; 2, O. nivea Gmelin, West

Indies ; 4, Patella confusa Gmel., West Indies.—C. W. J.

LiMn A COLUMELLA Say. Not found in recent years near Phil-

adelphia, is quite abundant in ponds along the line of the Pennsyl-

vania Railroad near Bonnaffon, Philadelphia.— Ed.

NATICA WANTED. The undersigned wishes to buy, or obtain in

exchange, specimens of the genus Natica. John L. Ogden, 72nd st.

and Greenway ave., Philadelphia.

48 THE NAUTILUS.

Hewrx nortensis Mull. The uniform lemon-yellow form has

been found by Dr. Benjamin Sharp in the town of Nantucket, Nan-

tucket Island.—Ed.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A NEW SPECIES OF FRESH-WATER MOLLUSK, by B. Shimek (Ex.

Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. of Iowa, vol. 1, p. 214). A spe-

cies of Ancylus with very strongly recurved apex is described and fig-

ured by Prof. Shimek in this paper as A. obliquus.' The right side

of the shell is slightly incurved or straight. The largest specimen

measured 33 mm. in length, 1.8 in width, 1.5 mm. high. It oc-

curs not uncommonly about 5 miles east of Lincoln, Nebraska, in

Dead Man’s Run, a streamlet with numerous pond-like enlarge-

ments. Specimens were found by Mr. Shimek at all seasons of the

year, adhering to the shells of Anodonta plana, sticks, leaves, etc.

This same form, or a very similar one, has been found, by the

writer, back of Rock Island, Illinois, in a certain swamp well known

to those bare-footed urchins who offer pond-lilies at “‘ only five cents er

bunch, Mister” on the streets of the “‘ Three Cities.’”

Certain indications led me at the time of finding this shell to refer

it to Gundlachia instead of Ancylus; and it may be worth while to

follow this clew further. If my supposition proves to be correct,

Gundlachia will furnish the most extraordinary case of dimorphism

known among our American mollusks.—H. A. Pilsbry.

CATALOGUE OF NortH AMERICAN SHELLS collected by Henry

Hemphill. This pamphlet catalogues 1763 species and varieties of

land and marine shells collected by the author, including a majority

of the species found on the Californian and Floridan coasts.

Lisr oF THE MOLLusKs OF OTTawa, as recorded in the Trans-

actions of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists Club up to April 1st, 1890, is

given in the Ottawa Naturalist, April, 1890. It comprises 127 spe-

cies, giving that part of Canada quite a varied fauna, richest in

Cyrenide (14 species), Unionide (27 ged and Limneide.

From F. R. Latchford—H. A. P.

Les MoLiusquEs DE LA PROVINCE DE QUEBEC, by M. L’abbé

Provancher (in Le Naturaliste Canadien, March, 1890). Includes

the marine, land and fresh-water forms.

1 This name is three times preoccupied in Avcy/us. Ifthe species proves

really distinct from Gundlachia Meekiana it might be called Ancylus Shimehit.

2 Davenport, Rock Island and Moline are locally known by this name.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreion Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

[2 2/44. THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirsgry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol: FV. SEPTEMBER, 1890. No. 5.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

REMARKS ON CERTAIN GONIOBASES. H., A. Pilsbry. : ; 4

A Few “ NEVERS” FOR CONCHOLOGISTS. Dr. V. Sterki. . : 2; 00

A NEW VARIETY OF HELIX CARPENTERI FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

Dr. Lorenzo G. Yates. . : : } : ; etal

PRELIMINARY NOTICES OF NEW AMNICOLIDA&. H. A. Pilsbry. : a)

CypRA SPADICEA, Lorenzo G, Yates. ‘ : r ‘ . 4

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS, ; ‘ Z a eyil

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. 56

GENERAL NOTES, : : : ; ; 5 ; 2 169

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

li THE NAUTILUS.

North American Shells for Sale.

The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good

collections of North American shells at moderate prices.

New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names

of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price

20 ets., free on all orders of one dollar and over.

Address

HENRY HEMPHILL,

POF Box973: San Diego, Cal.

The West American Scientist.

AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,

The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.

PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00

ADVERTISING RATES AS FOLLOWS:

One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.

Yearly contracts rated as ten months,

“ Decidedly the best of its class.”’—Gro. W. Tryon, JR.

C. R. ORCUTT, EpITOR AND PUBLISHER,

Orcutt, San Diego County, California.

HUGH FULTON DEALER IN RECENT SHELLS,

informs collectors that he has a large and choice stock

which is being constantly replenished by the purchase of

collections and by agents abroad.

Cottectors ARE InviTED To SEND THEIR LISTS OF

DESIDERATA.

HI. F. having, during the last fourteen years, confined his at-

tention solely to the study of shells, collectors, should they favor him

with their orders, may rely upon having none but good and au-

thenticated specimens sent.

Hue Futon, 89 FutuHam Roan, Lonpoy, 8. W.

me. NaAUTILES

VOL. Iv. SEPTEMBER, 1890. No. 5.

REMARKS ON CERTAIN GONIOBASES.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

The typical Goniobasis pleuristriatus of Say is a shell of the gen-

eral form of Gon. virginica; and like the variety multilineata of

that shell, it is encircled by numerous fine raised strize. It has been

collected in a number of the small rivers in Texas north of the Rio

Grande, the northermost being that beautiful stream, the Guadaloup

River, in Comal County. Thomas Say described the shell in the

New Harmony Disseminator in 1829,—Say at that time being still

connected with that luckless company of socialists at New Harmony,

Indiana.

In the Comal Creek, at the German colony of New Braunfels, the

the writer found very numerous specimens of a variety which wholly

lacks spiral striz, and has low, subobsolete longitudinal folds.

There is a single carina on the whorls of the spire. Specimens of

this variety were distributed by me several years ago under the name

of “ Goniobasis comalensis ;” which name I now propose to use for

this variety. In the absence of a figure, I will be glad to send spec-

imens to any student of the Melanians who will apply to me. My

friend, Mr. J. A. Singley, has also collected specimens at New

Braunfels. This melanian is notable for the fact that its range is

wholly sundered from the rest of the family by the numerous rivers of

central and eastern Texas, draining into the Gulf, and without a sin-

gle species of the family Strepomatide. The great extension of the

Gulf during past ages, up the Mississippi valley, shows the Texan

50 THE NAUTILUS.

region to have been still more separated formerly from Tennessee,

the present headquarters of the American Melanians.

In this connection I might mention a matter to which Professor

Theodore Gill of Washington directed my attention during a recent

conversation; namely, whether the Californian Melanians do not

belong to the old-world family Melaniide instead of to the Ameri-

can group Strepomatide (= Ceriphasiide Gill, Pleuroceride Fisher).

I have found that certain features of the dentition of G. plicifera—

the trilobate base of the rhachidian tooth—are more similar to the

Melaniide than to the East American forms. I would, therefore,

ask some western naturalist to observe whether the edge of the man-

tle be fringed or plain ; or, if any one has alcoholic or even freshly

dried specimens, and will communicate a few to me, I will announce

the result of an examination through the pages of the Nauri.us.

A FEW ‘‘NEVERS”’ FOR CONCHOLOGISTS.

BY DR. VoSTERKE.

One or another of the following hints may be of service to younger

students of Conchology, and also the older ones possibly will read

them :—

Never dry your specimens in too great heat ; they should be dried,

but not fried. | Not only the shell is liable to change color and to

become utterly fragile, but also the “ soft parts” are so changed as

to be unfit for microscopic examination.

Never kill and dry them when the animals are still active: in

this way the aperture may be filled up in a way that it is very

difficult or even impossible to examine it; this is especially of im-

portance in Pupide and other groups with lamelle etc., in the

aperture. When the specimens are kept dry in a box for a few days,

they will retire deep enough in the shell to leave the aperture free.

Never pack up specimens without adding a label with the habitat

and as much notice about its nature as possible. Without that,

they may be worthless or even worse!—When Shuttleworth, that

eminent English Conchologist, had died at Berne, Switzerland, the

contents of several boxes of his valuable collections had to be de-

stroyed (not thrown away !), because there were no labels with them,

and the catalogues not to be found.

THE NAUTILUS. 51

Never forward a lot of shells for examination, or in exchange, un-

less there be at least one mature specimen in good condition among

them—if you have any such, of course. This is again especially of

importance e. g. with Pupidze where the lamellze are of principal in-

terest.

Never pack up small shells in a vial to be sent away unless you

secure them in place with some cotton; the constant tossing and

jarring cannot but damage them more or less.

Never pack a number of vials together in a box unless each one

is wrapped in paper. In several instances I have received vials

crushed to pieces and the contents scattered around.

Never oil your shells so that they soil or stick to anything they

touch! not to speak of their entirely altered appearance. Very

little oiling generally is needed—(by this I certainly do not mean

Pupa, Vertigo, ete. !)

Never cork a vial containing living mollusca or such not thor-

oughly dried ; not only a very offensive odor will develop, but gen-

erally the shells will be altered in appearance, color and con-

sistency.

A NEW VARIETY OF HELIX CARPENTERI FROM SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA.

BY DR. LORENZO G. YATES, F. L. S.,. SANTA BARBARA, CAL.

The typical form of Helix (Arionta) Carpenteri, Newe. seems to

belong to the peninsula of Lower California, although heretofore

reported from “San Diego” and “ Tulare Valley” California, and I

have specimens of a variety which I collected in Napa County many

years ago.

I now have a variety from the desert region near Indio, San Ber-

nardino County, California, collected by Stephen Bowers, Ph. D.

These specimens agree with Dr. Newcomb’s original description

except in that, they do not show the “ very minute spiral striations,”

which may however be consequent upon their dead and bleached

condition.

They further differ in having an entire circular aperture instead

of “ aperture circular, with terminations approximating ” as described

by Newcomb.

oP THE NAUTILUS.

Helix Carpenteri is a species which from its native peculiarities is

is well adapted to inhabit the desert regions, and continue to exist

where the majority of our helicoid shells would be unable to retain

a foothold.

Dr. Bowers writes me that he “ found these shells on the south side

of the valley among granite talus, and nowhere else, and these in a

fossil state,” but judging from the appearance of some of the speci-

mens it is probable that living shells may still be found in the

vicinity ; but whether this variety represents the ancestral form of

the more recent type, or is a local deviation arising from pecularities

of environment cannot be satisfactorily determined without further

investigation of the locality.

While writing the above I found some other species of semi-fossil

mollusca, which were collected in the same locality some time ago,

by an enthusiastic young naturalist, whom I have since learned, lost

his life in the desert regions of Lower California, thus adding one

more martyr to the cause of science. He sent these shells to me for

determination, and not having heard from him since, I will give

the determination of their species in a future number of the

NAvTILuvs.

PRELIMINARY NOTICES OF NEW AMNICOLIDE.

BY H. A. BPIESBRY-

Cochliopa Tryoniana Pilsbry,

A more depressed shell than C. Rowelli (the only other described

species), broader, with the base rounded, not carinated around the

umbilicus. Whorls 8, convex, rather obsoletely spirally striated ;

color greenish-gray, Umbilicus minute. Aperture very oblique.

Alt. 33, diam. 4 mill.; oblique alt. of aperture 23, width 2 mill.

Habitat, Polvon, Nicaragua.

Amnicola Sheldoni Pilsbry.

Shell rather elongated, solid, thick, light gray ; subimperforate.

Whorls four to five, slightly convex, somewhat flattened above,

lightly striate transversely ; slightly impressed below the shallow

sutures. Apex obtuse. Aperture small, ovate, slightly narrowed

THE NAUTILUS. 53

and angled above, rounded below, flattened on parietal margin.

Peristome continuous, not sinuous.

Alt. 3 to 3°5 mm., diam. 2 to 2:25 mm.

Habitat, Lake Michigan, at Racine, Wis., in 30 fathoms.

The shallow sutures and heavy texture are the more prominent

characters of this shell. In these points a resemblance to Hydrobia

ulve and other species of that group may be traced. From <Aimni-

cola lustrica the more flattened whorls at once separate this form.

We are indebted to Dr. P. R. Hoy of Racine, Wis. for numerous

specimens. ‘The species is named in honor of the late PROFESSOR

D. 8. SHELDON of Davenport, [owa,—one of the pioneer naturalists

of the Mississippi Valley.

Amnicola lustrica Pilsbry.

Shell slender, elevated, thin, translucent, wax-colored or slightly

brownish ; whorls five, well rounded ; sutures deep ; aperture ovate,

narrowed and slightly angled above; peristome entire, adherent to

body for a short distance above the narrow umbilicus.

Alt. 4, diam. 2 to 23 mill.

Habitat, New York to Illinois and Minnesota.

A species of the Lake drainage.

Say’s Paludina lustrica has been referred by Haldeman and

Tryon to Pomatiopsis lapidaria. Binney also places it in Pomatiop-

sis, and the original of his fig. 189" is certainly an immature P. lap-

idaria, as I know by an examination Say’s of original type. The

name lustrica has, however, been applied by some collectors to the

present species ; and while we must write lustrica Say a synonym

of P. lapidaria, the name may also stand in Amnicola for the well

known form described above.

The species is variable in form as the figures’ show. Jt is nar-

rower than any other Amnicola, but wider than Bythinella Nicklini-

ana. In size and color, Bythinella obtusa is similar; but the acute

apex of dustrica will separate it from that blunt little species.

The animal and dentition are similar to A. limosa.

2 It is figured in a work now in preparation on the Mollusks of the Northern

54 THE NAUTILUS.

CYPREA SPADICEA.

BY LORENZO G. YATES.

In the July, No. of Toe Naurrius, Miss Ida M. Shepard of

Long Beach, Cal., noted the finding of Cyprea (Luponia) spadicea

eleven miles north of that place, and questions “ How much farther

north they are found?”

This somewhat rare and very handsome shell is found in the Santa

Barbara Channel. I found three live shells in one day recently, and

a friend found as many as seventy-five fine living specimens in one

day, some fifteen or eighteen miles distant from Santa Barbara, north-

west, and what was of more interest to me, he generously divided

his find.

In preparing a List of the Mollusca of Santa Barbara County

for publication, I was surprised at the large number of species,

whose northern, or southern limit is the Santa Barbara Channel,

besides a number of species which have not been noted from any

other locality on the-west coast, some of them being restricted to the

channel and its islands.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

August 26; 1890.

Since last announcement the following new members have been

enrolled in the Association :

No. 78. Chas. E. Beecher, Ph. D., New Haven, Conn. Palaeozoic

Mollusca.

79. Jerome Trombley, Petersburg, Mich. American Land

Shells.

80. W. G. Binney, Burlington, N. J. American Land Shells.

81. W. Newcomb, Ithaca, N. Y. General Conchology.

82. F. A. Sampson, Sedalia, Mo.

83. C. Antoinette Shepard, New Britain, Conn. The Uses of

Shells.

84. Laura J. F. Hecox, Santa Cruz, Cal.

85. J. R. Mead, Wichita, Kan. Unionide.

86. Arthur F. Gray, Yonkers, N. Y.

87. S. M. Luther, Garretsville, O. Helicide.

THE NAUTILUS.

88. Dr. Stephen Bowers, Ventura, Cal.

89. E. H. Harn, Blairsville, Pa. Geographical Distribution

and Specific variation in Land Shells.

90. Prof. Leslie A. Lee, Brunswick, Me. Aretie Moll. and

Post-pliocene Fossils of No. Latitudes.

91. O. A. Crandall, Sedalia, Mo. Physa.

92. Philip E. Marsh, Aledo, Ill. No. American Helicide.

93. Prof. Edw. W. Claypole, Akron, O. Palaeozoic Mollusca.

94, I. Leslie, Hamilton, Ont.

95. Mrs. S. H. Young; Long Beach, Cal.

96. L’Abbé Provancher, Cap Rouge, Quebec. Mollusca of

Province of Quebec.

97. A. Schlehenreid, New York, N. Y.

In the course of the next ten days, a complete printed list of all

the members of the Association, together with their exact addresses,

memorandum of subjects chosen for special study etc. will be issued,

and a copy sent to each member for his own use.

We are please to note the enrollment of two such distinguished

Conchological veterans as Dr. Newcomb and Wm. G. Binney. Mr.

Binney writes that “ it will be a pleasure to me to assist all who are

studying mollusks, but I fear indifferent health will prevent my being

of much use to them.” Dr. Newcomb writes in the same kind spirit,

desiring to aid younger students in their work.

Dr. Newcomb is now 82 years of age—probably the oldest living

American Conchologist. He has been a great worker, having

collected upon 23 of the West India Islands, in the interior of

British Guiana, in Equador and Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,

Honduras, and West Mexico to Panama, in California and on 6 of

the Sandwich Island group. His publications are numerous,

many papers by him having appeared in the Conchological

journals of Europe and America. As he himself writes “ I am al-

most alone; my old friends Agassiz, Gould, the elder Binney,

Anthony, Lea, Reeve, Cuming, Swift, Bland, Wheatley and many

others have passed away.”

O. A. Crandall, Sedalia, Mo. is studying the genus Physa and

writes as follows. “Ifthe members of the Association will send me

specimens of Physa from all over the country, I will take it as a

favor, besides returning them value in other exchanges.”

H. K. Morrell, Gardiner, Me., writes: “By the way I notice

that in the last Nauriius, Mr. Carpenter speaks doubtfully of pearls

56 THE NAUTILUS.

being found in Margaritana arcuata. I have a friend who has done

quite a business in collecting them from that mussel.”

E. H. Harn, Blairsville, Pa. in five years, has found 64 species

and varieties of shells in his neighborhood. That is a sample of

what can be done by patient search.

Mrs. M. Burton, Williamson University, Cal. sends us a copy of

the Weekly Tribune of Los Angeles, Cal. of August 16th, contain-

ing an interesting article by Virginia Burton, upon the “ Coffee-bean

Cowries” of the California Coast (Trivia Solandri and Trivia Cali-

fornica. )

Mr. Frank C. Baker, who has been studying at the Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for a year past, and who was one

of the members of the expedition sent by the Academy to Southern

Mexico, has accepted a position with Prof. Henry Ward of Roch-

ester, New York, in his department of Invertebrates. Mr. Baker

leaves many warm friends in Philadelphia, where he will be missed

from the circle of conchologists as well for his kindly personal

qualities as for his recognized ability in the study of Mollusks.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER.

FAMILY UNIONID &.

Genus Anodonta, Cuvier.

Shell transversely elongated, inequilateral, thin, toothless.

To distinguish instantly between the three genera, Unio, Mar-

garitana and Anodonta, it is only necessary to examine the hinge.

Unio has cardinal and lateral teeth in each valve; Margaritana has

eardinal teeth, but no laterals, while Anodonta has no teeth, the

valves being held together only by the ligament.

There are two hundred species of Anodonta, distributed world

wide. Two of these are known to inhabit R. L, and a third may

possibly be found within its limits.

195.—Anodonta cataracta, Say.

Syns.:

Anodonta fluviatilis, Lea, Gould, Stimp.

Mytillus illictus, Solander.

Shell thin, inflated, transversely sub-oval, fragile; basal margin

curved ; hinge margin straight ; epidermis smooth, excepting at the

THE NAUTILUS. D7

posterior and upper portion, where it is loosely wrinkled; color

deep grass green, dusky above and behind, radiated; nacre silvery

or bluish-white, margin greenish. Length given by authors, 42

inches; height, 2% inches; breadth, 13 inch.

When shells are figured in books the specimens selected for the

purpose are always the largest and finest ones to be had. When

Say described this species in 1816, he gave its length as 2% inches.

Gould gives it 43 inches, but I have frequently seen specimens over

five inches in length and have one myself six inches long. Gould

considers the species very rare, found only in ponds in the central

and western parts of Mass., but Perkins finds it near New Haven,

in Conn., and we have at least two localities in R. I., and one in

Attleboro, near the line.

194.—Anodonta implicata, Say.

Shell transversely oblong, almost as broad as high, very variable

in proportions, thick and strong in some, thin and fragile in others’;

epidermis yellowish olive (darker above and behind), with dark

brown zones; young shells grass green, resembling A. cataracta,

middle aged resembling U. radiata; nacre silvery white until after

the middle age, when it becomes flesh colored or salmon. Length

about four inches, height, 2} inches; breadth 2 inches. Gould says

it inhabits ponds in Essex and Middlesex counties in Mass., and

has been found in Maine. Whether it occurs southward or not is

uncertain. We find them in R. I., extremely common in all our

ponds and rivers.

195.— Anodonta undulata, Say.

Shell transversely oval, thick; beaks prominent, the points in

contact, and when not eroded they exhibit four or five undulations

upon them ; epidermis dark brown, radiated ; hinge with a vestige

of a tooth, this peculiarity forming a connecting link between

Anodonta and Margaritana; nacre salmon colored, granulated in

the centre, bluish-white outside the pallial impression, with a broad

margin of olive. Length, 34 inches; height, 2 inches; breadth,

13 inch.

The locality given by Gould is the Blackstone River and its

tributaries in Mass., and as this river flows through several miles of

R. I. territory, I include it here although no specimens have been

obtained within our limits.

58 THE NAUTILUS.

FAMILY NUCULIDAE.

The Nuculidz or Nut shells are small, pearly, angular shells.

They commenced in the Lower Silurian and are abundant in all the

various formations since. Most of genera belonging to this family

are known only as fossils. Three of the living genera, Nucula, Leda

and Yoldia inhabit New Eng. and two are represented in R, I.

Genus Nuecula, Lamarck, 1799.

There are about fifty species, inhabiting all parts of the world,

most of which are found in deep water. Five species are in New

Eng. two of which probably inhabit R. I.

196.—Nueula delphinodonta, Mighels.

Syn.:

Nucula corticata, Holboll., Moller.

Shell small, obliquely triangular, very broad; beaks nearly at the

posterior end, elevated and tumid; hinge with three posterior and

seven anterior sharp elongated teeth; surface with coarse lines of

growth ; epidermis olivaceous. Length yoo, height 755, breadth rio

of an inch.

This species was found in large numbers in the stomachs of Cod-

fish, taken in Casco Bay, and described by Dr. Mighels in Journ.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.iv, 1842. It inhabits soft mud from ten to one

hundred fathoms water from Cape Cod to Greenland, and is included

among the shells of R. I. only on the authority of Stimpson, who says

it inhabits the whole coast, laminarian region, and of Prof. Verrill

who found it in twenty-nine fathoms, east of. Block Island and off

Gay Head.

197.—Nucula proxima, Say.

Shell small, thick and solid, very oblique, ovate-triangular ; beaks

elevated, inclined forwards; surface crossed by minute lines, both

radiating and concentric; epidermis light olive with darker zones ;

interior lined with pearly nacre; margins finely crenulated ; hinge

with twelve teeth before the beaks and eighteen behind them.

Length 2, height 25, breadth ¢ inch.

THE NAUTILUS. 59

Described by Thos. Say in Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 11, 270,

1822. Itis frequently taken from the stomachs of fishes. Its habitat

is soft mud below low water, but it has been cellected on the shore

at Martha’s Vinyard. Distribution, from South Carolina to Gulf

of St. Lawrence. It is very abundant in our bay, in mud, off Rum-

stick, near the mouth of Warren River, where every throw of the

dredge will bring up hundreds of specimens.

Genus Leda, Schum., 1817.

This genus contains eighty species, four of which inhabit New

England and farther north. I am not aware that any species of

the genus inhabits R. I. although Prof. Verrill says in speaking of

Leda tenuisuleata, Stimpson, it inhabits from R. I. to Gulf of St.

Lawrence.

Genus Yoldia, Moller, 1832.

Five species of these peculiar shaped and highly polished shells

inhabit New Eng. one of which is found not living, but in a semi-

fossilized condition in Maine.

(To be continued.)

GENERAL NOTES.

HALIOTIS RUFESCENS, Swains. In the last number of the Manual

of Cenchology Mr. Pilsbry gives the range of Haliotis rufescens,

Swainson, “ From Mendocino Co. to San Nicholas Island California.”

In 1874 or 1875 I collected several very fine living specimens, at ex.

treme low tide on rocks near the mouth of San Tomas River, Lower

California. This extends it range fully two hundred miles south of

San Nicholas Island. I may also add, that Haliotis cracherodii,

Leach, ranges two or three hundred miles south of San Tomas

River.—Henry Hemphill, San Diego, Cal.

HELIX H#MASTOMA VAR. CONCOLOR. Among the hundreds of

specimens of the hemastoma which I have seen, I never found one

60 THE NAUTILUS.

without white zones or bands, until a short time ago some were

sent me of a rich chestnut color all over. The lip is pink, as usual.

This color-pattern is so conspicuous that it may deserve a varietal

name.—H. A. P.

CONSTRUCTED OR SECRETED? In the August number of the

Navutitus Mr. Henry Hemphill makes the following statement:

“Tt is well known that all shell-bearing Mollusks construct their shells,

in obedience to the laws of their constitutional characteristics and

the environment, among which I include affinity of matter and me-

chanical skill, the latter a faculty possessed to a greater or less degree

by all animals.”

In my simplicity I had supposed that shells were secreted, as bone

is secreted, not constructed. By whom is it “well known” that

they are constructed, and how do they know it?

I ask these questions not in a spirit of criticism, but to a draw out

facts. Mr. Hemphill will help to make the Nauriuus, interesting,

if he will give us inits pages a succinct statement of the leading facts

on which his theory is based.—M. L. Leach.

OFrERED Land and fresh water shells of this locality for shells of

other localities. G. M. Leslie, 69 Main St., W. Hamilton, Ont.,

Canada.

Butrmutus In Texas. While in the field on the State Geo-

logical Survey last week I saw the white Bulimulus with yellow-

ish wash (Bulimulus var. Mooreanus) sticking to dry dead woods in

a blazing sun with temperature up to 95° in the shade. This was

the only colony seen in ten days riding. Vegetation is very much

parched in the {region from 90 days drought—G. H. Ragsdale

Gainesville, Texas, August, 1890.

SPECIES DETERMINED. From L’abbe Provancher, Cap-Rouge,

Quebec, Can.—Nos. 1, 2,3, 4, Bulimulus exilis Gmel. Barbadoes,

Dominica, St. Lucia. 5 B. vincentinus Pfr. Trinidad. 6 B.

elongatus Bolt. Trinidad. 7 Goniobasis livescens Menke, Kankakee

R. Il. 8 Paludina integra Say, Fox R. I. 9 Pleurocera subulare

Lea, Fox R. 10 Paludina lineata Val. Fox R. 11 Cardium

ciliare Gmel. Europe. 12 Cytherea convexa Say, Magdalen Islands

Gulf of St. Lawrence.—C. W. J:

[2/7

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILU

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirspry, Conservater Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. LV. OCTOBER, 1890. No. 6.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

CriTICAL NOTES ON THE BULIMULI OF FLORIDA. Berlin H. Wright. . 61

A NEw VARIETY OF HELIX. Lorenzo G. Yates. : , A =) (63

Notices oF NEw AMNICOLIDA. H. A. Pilsbry. 3 é : 4 (G88

A NEw SPECIES OF NANINA. H. A. Pilsbry. : ; < . 64

EASTERN NEW YorK Nores. W.S. Teator. : ‘ F . 66

West AMERICAN Notes. C. R. Orcutt. ‘ : : : = 67

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. : : 2 - 68

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLuSCA OF RHODE IsLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. 70

GENERAL NOTES. - ‘ : F : : ; a il

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. ; : : ; 2 : ae 62

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London, Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

ll THE NAUTILUS.

North American Shells for Sale.

The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good

colleciions of North American shells at moderate prices.

New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names

of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price

20 cts., free on all orders of one dollar and over.

Address

HENRY HEMPHILL,

iP ©: Box:9 San Diego, Cal.

The West American Scientist.

AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,

The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.

PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00

ADVERTISING RATES AS FOLLOWS:

One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.

Yearly contracts rated as ten months:

“ Decidedly the best of its class.”’—Gro. W. Tryon, JR.

C. R. ORCUTT, EpITorR AND PUBLISHER,

Orcutt, San Diego County, California.

HUGH FULTON DEALER IN RECENT SHELLS,

informs collectors that he has a large and choice stock

which is being constantly replenished by the purchase of

collections and by agents abroad.

CotLtectors ARE INVITED TO SEND THEIR Lists OF

DESIDERATA.

H. F. having, during the last fourteen years, confined his at-

tention solely to the study of shells, collectors, should they favor him

with their orders, may rely upon having none but good and au-

thenticated specimens sent.

Hvueu Futron, 89 Furnam Roan, Lonpon, 8S. W.

ae ON AUTILUS:

VOL. IV. OCTOBER, 1890. No. 6.

CRITICAL NOTES ON THE BULIMULI OF FLORIDA.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT, LAKE HELEN, FLA.

Bulimulus Dormani W. G. B. var albida Wright.

That this is a good variety would appear from the following facts :

It is never found associated with the typical. I have seen trees liter-

ally loaded with the typical B. Dormani, where it would have

been possible to have secured thousands of specimens in a few hours

time and have taken as many as five hundred in a day, but never

have been able to discover any tendency to change of any of the

characters. At one time I had over one thousand living, full grown

specimens spread out in a large box and with the closest scrutiny

no freaks were seen. We liberated nearly all of them subsequently.

In a dense hammock well isolated from any similar lands and

fully a dozen miles from any locality where the typical B. Dormani

is to be found, the pure white shell occurs. It is not plentiful, but

always spotless. In form it does not seem to differ from the typical.

Bulimulus Hemphilli Wright.

In the hammock lands located upon the narrow strip of land lying

between Mosquito Lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean, there is another

form of Bulimulus found. This is shorter, its whorls more rounded

and is thinner than B. Dormani. This shell was discovered by

Mr. Henry Hemphill of San Diego, Cal. in 1884 and Dr. Binney,

judging from the few dead specimens in hand, pronounced it a var.

ot B. Floridanus Pfr. Subsequently I found a fair number of liy-

ing specimens and became convinced that it was a good species and

62 THE NAUTILUS.

described it under the name of Bulimulus Hemphilli in the West

American Scientist of April, 1889.

During the present season I have had the opportunity to compare

the animals, eggs and habits with typical B. Dormani and no doubt

is left as to its being distinct from it. But as to its relation to B. Flori-

danus I am not able to say so positively, never having seen this wn-

known shell. However I claim the following differences appear from

comparison with the published figure and description. See Bin-

ney’s American Land Shells, p. 407-8, fig. 448.

B. FLoripanvs Pfr. B. Hempuiiii Wright.

1. Perforate. 1. Imperforate.

2. Narrow. 2. Wide.

3. Grayish green, 3. Amber dull lead color.

4. Variegated-white-streaks and spots. 4. Obscure brownish red bands below.

5. Spire acute, elongate. 5. Spire blunt, short.

6. Aperture 2 length of shell. 6. Aperture # length of shell.

7. Base uniformly and _ gracefully

7. Subangulated below. rounded.

8. Attenuated at base. 8. Expanded at base.

9. Whorls 63. 9. Whorls 5.

10. Rather smooth. 10. Marked by coarse lines of growth.

I call this quite a “ general difference.” and from which I believed

myself justifiable in giving to it a name, especially after receiving

the following letter from Dr. Binney :

August 16. 1888. “I find the jaw and lingual dentition to be

same as in B. nitelinus Rv.—B. serperastrus Say.” August 26,

1888. “Iam aware that said figure (449) does not agree with the

carinated body whorl of B. Floridanus, but in the present state of

our ignorance of the range of variation of these Bulimi, who

knows?”

“Tt would be well for you to describe your shell as new, leaving

to the future the decision of its identity with some other W. I. or

Spanish Main species. To us Americans, it is surely new.”

I am thus specific about this because Dr. Binney has subsequent-

ly (see last Ed. of Manual of American Land Shells) placed B.

Hemphilli Wright, as a synonym of B. Floridanus. Why he should

do so, after the above declaration, is strange to me, unless he is natur-

ally too conservative.

Who has seen it—Bulimulus Floridanus Pfr. ?

After seven years spent in Florida, travelling about much and al-

ways keeping a sharp look-out for shells and plants, I have never

THE NAUTILUS. 63

yet found anything bearing any resemblance to this shell. True, it

may exist upon some of the Keys, but diligent inquiry among corre-

spondents fails to bring out any information as to its whereabouts.

Does any reader of THe Nauritus know of any specimen hay-

ing been found? Has any one ever seen it? Is there a specimen in

the United States? If no one has any knowledge of the shell’s exist-

ence in Florida, is it not time the name was dropped and treated

as a lost species? Many sharp collectors and students have scoured

the wilds of Florida very thoroughly and if it is really here its pres-

ence should have been known before this.

Any one posessing any information upon this matter will confer a

great favor by addressing the writer.

A NEW VARIETY OF HELIX.

BY LORENZO G. YATES.’

Helix (Arionta) Carpenteri, Newe.

Variety [yproensis, L. G. Yates.

Shell umbilicated, rounded conical, apex obtuse, obscurely marked

with one brown band, lines of growth well defined; whorls 5,

rounded ; suture well marked; aperture circular, entire ; peristome

slightly expanded, except at the columella, where it is broadly ex-

panded in a line nearly parallel with the vertical axis.

Greater diameter 18 mm. height 12 mm.

Habitat, near Indio, San Bernardino County, California, Collect-

or, Stephen Bowers.

NOTICES OF NEW AMNICOLIDE.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Bythinella Hemphilli Pilsbry.

Shell minute, very slender, about the shape of Carychium exiguum

Say. Apex obtuse, whorls 5, convex, the last imperforate. Aperture

1 By a curious oversight the following was omitted from Dr. Yates’ paper

in the September Wazw?zlus.

64 THE NAUTILUS.

ovate, about one-third the length of the entire shell ; peristome con-

tinuous, its plane oblique to the axis of the shell, the base of the

lip being advanced. Color, corneous, often encrusted with a black

ferrugineous deposit. Alt. 2:4, diam. 1 mm.

The types were collected by Henry Hemphill near Kentucky

Ferry, Snake River, Washington. The species is more nearly allied

to B. Aldrichi Call, then to our other forms, but is far more slender

than any Bythinella yet made known to us from North America.

The plane of the peristome slants forward toward the base, as in

the species of Pleurocera, but the lip is not sinuous. This pecu-

liarity alone will separate B. Hemphilli from all other species.

Bythinella brevissima Pilsbry.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, pupiform, composed of 4 or 4+ very

convex, rounded whorls, the first two increasing rapidly in width,

the last two more equal in width. Aperture a little over one-third

the length of shell; oval; the columellar side a little more flattened

than the outer; peristome simple, continuous, in contact with the

body-whorl at the upper part, but not modified or flattened by that

contact. Umbilicus rather large. Surface slightly wrinkled longi-

tudinally. Alt. 2°8, diam. 1°8 mill.

This species. was collected by John H. Campbell, Esq, in Haul-

over Canal, at the head of Indian River, Florida. It was asso-

ciated with Byth. equicostata, Hydrobia Wetherbyi, Goniobasis pap-

illosa, Planorbis scalaris, Physa pomilia and Vivipara Georgiana.

The shell seems most nearly allied to B. obtusa and Aldrichi ;

having the same truncated appearance caused by the depressed form

of the earlier whorls, while the last two form a rather cylindrical

body. The whorls are more convex than in B. obtusa and the

umbilicus far larger, it being scarcely obvious in B. obtusa. B. Ald-

richi is a smaller species, with different aperture.

A NEW SPECIES OF NANINA.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Nanina Ruschenbergeri Pilsbry.

Shell large, depressed, thick and solid, rudely striate, deeply

and perspectively umbilicated.

THE NAUTILUS. 65

Solid and strong, opaque. The specimens are dead, lusterless and

destitute of epidermis, of a dirty-white color with either (1) a

single narrow peripheral brown girdle, the umbilicus brown in-

AUER side, or (2) abroad brown girdle

S\ encircling the middle of the

whorl, or (5) the upper surface

of the last whorl brown except

for a light girdle just above the

periphery, below which there is

a broad zone, its lower edge fad-

ing out on the base, the periph-

ery itself marked by a narrow

darker band; in all the forms

the umbilicus is brown inside and

the whorls of the spire light, the

apex somewhat rufous. The sur-

face has very coarse and uneven,

irregular, oblique striz above ;

they are weaker below; and

under a lens, close incised spiral

lines become visible, making the

surface granulate; they are

nearly obsolete on the body-whorl,

but usually distinct inside the

umbilicus and on the earlier

whorls. The spire is low, ob-

tuse; sutures deeply impressed.

Whorls 6, slowly widening, the

inner three somewhat protruding

above the outer; the last whor

very conyex aboye, obsoletely angled on its earlier portion, becoming

rounded, shortly but decidedly deflexed in front. Aperture very

oblique, rounded-lunate ; peristome expanded on its outer margin,

reflexed, blunt and much thickened on the basal and columellar

margins. Umbilicus deep, permitting one to see to the apex, and

funnel-shaped.

Alt. 22, greater diam. 42, lesser 837 mm.; width of umbilicus 8

mm. ; oblique alt. of mouth (meas. outside perist.) 21, width 21 mm.

Another specimen measures: Alt. 22, diam. 45 mm,

66 THE NAUTILUS.

Habitat, Liu-Kiu Is. (Dr. Ruschenberger.)

This is a very solid, heavy form, apparently belonging to the

group of H. pallasiana Pfr. but very different from that species in

its much more convex whorls, deeper suture, more broadly ex-

panded umbilicus, and in the rounded body-whorl, the earlier part

of which is very acutely carinated in H. pallasiana. There are four

specimens before me, one of them about half grown, the others adults.

The young shell is very obtusely angled at the periphery ; the strize

are minutely granulated. The embryonic shell is large, about one-

fifth the diam. of the adult, composed of about 27 whorls, of which

the outer 13 are finely, distinctly granulate, the inner ones having

low, curved, radiating little folds. The termination of the embry-

onic shell is marked by a distinct line.

EASTERN NEW YORK NOTES.

BY W. 8S. TEATOR, UPPER RED HOOK, N. Y.

To our list of mollusca inhabiting this Duchess County region,

Mr. Gilbert van Ingen of Poughkeepsie has recently made some good

additions, among them, these: Patula asteriscus, Pupa simplex and

Zonites internus.

The first named, asteriseus, was discovered under the mould in a

swamp near the city. Mr. van Ingen in a letter to me gives the fol-

lowing: “The locality where I found them is known as ‘ The Glen’

at Vassar College. It is a small deep valley worn out by a stream

in the hills of drift. Through the center of the narrow strip of

level land at the bottom flows the stream, on either side of which is

the swamp. The soil is fine black muck and is very wet and cold.”

But two specimens were found at first, and later two more were

taken.

Of Pupa simplex about a half dozen were obtained in the same

place, under moist leaves.

Zonites internus is one of those which are out of place here so far

east, though it has been reported at Albany. Mr. van Ingen found

a few live specimens and a number of dead ones on the hills oppo-

site Poughkeepsie during the latter part of last March.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

WEST AMERICAN NOTES.

BY C. R. ORCUTT, ORCUTT, CAL.

HALIOTIS RUFESCEN Swains. Inthe Nautrius, iv, 59, Mr. Henry

Hemphill cites a Lower Californian locality for this species. I have

also found this species at the same point at La Playa de Santo

Tomas, Lower California, but have never found it or heard of it at

San Diego or at intermediate points. Santo Tomas (not San Tomas

as Mr. Hemphill writes it) is about 75 miles south of San Diego on

the Pacifie Coast of the Californian peninsula,

HELIX CARPENTERI, Newcomb. Dr. L. G. Yates (NAUTILUS Iv,

51) refers a form of Helix from near “Indio, San Barnardino Co.,

California” to this species. If I remember rightly Dr. Bowers col-

lected these to the south of Indio at the eastern base of the San Ja-

cinto mountain range, in San Diego County, Indio, a station on the

S. P. Ry., is also in San Diego County. What I take to be the

same shell I have collected in the same region, in Palu canon, along

Snow Creek, ete., where the dead or “ fossil” shells are often very

numerous, but living specimens are correspondingly rare. I believe

at the proper season an abundance of living examples might be ob-

tained among the rocks, as many of my specimens were plainly re-

cent, and none of those observed, could I describe as in a fossil state.

I consider it merely a form of Helix Traskii Newcomb, but for that

matter H. Carpenteri is worthy of no greater consideration.

Puysa. In my botanical work on the Colorado Desert, San

Diego county, California, I have also a good opportunity to study

the geology of this interesting and little known region, and the

fauna as well as the flora. The millions of fresh water shells scat-

tered over this desert are well known, and a review of the subject

of their occurrence there, is now in press. In a recent visit to Yuma,

Arizona, and the neighborhood of Ft. Yuma, California, I was

enabled to make another interesting observation in relation to their

oecurrence. At Hanlon’s Ferry, a few miles south of Ft. Yuma, on

the west bank of the Colorado river, a mining company has erected

a tank with a capacity of four thousand gallons. This was put up

nearly a year ago (September 1889) and has not since been cleaned

out, though nearly emptied twice a week. In this tank I was

pleased to find thousands of living Physas, some quite large ex-

amples. The tank is applied from a 6 inch well, and no shells were

68 THE NAUTILUS.

found alive in the Colorado river, only a few hundred feet away.

This brings up some interesting questions relating to geographical

distribution, of which the writer may treat later.

ForeieNers. imax maximus has appeared in San Diego

gardens ; Helix nitidus is also not rare at San Diego, and hundreds

were found in the grounds of the University of California, at

Berkley, recently. The trunks of several Australian tree ferns

have also afforded a Helix and one or two slugs new to the writer.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

OcToBER 1, 1890.

President, Joon H. CAMPBELL.

Vice-President, JOHN Forp.

Secretary, CHAs. W. JOHNSON.

Since last announcement the following new members have been

enrolled in the Association :

98. Wm. J. Fox, Philadelphia, Pa. Cerithiidae and shells of

New Jersey.

99. Mrs. E. P. Gaylord, Detroit, Mich. Cypraeidae.

100. Prof. J. B. Steere, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Several applications are pending. It would facilitate the admis-

sion of applicants, if they would refer to some member of the Associa-

tion, with whom they are acquainted either personally or by corre-

spondence.

Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, Conservator of the Conchological Section of

the Academy of Natural Sciences, (at the suggestion of the President

of the Association), has commenced the formation of a special ex-

hibit of United States Shells. It is his intention to have every

species of mollusk found in the United States, represented in the

collection, and if the members of the Association will assist in the

work, he will so arrange it, that none but members shall contribute

specimens, in order that the collection may be the special exhibit of

the American Association of Conchologists. If the idea is success-

fully carried out, similar collections may be formed in other cities of

the United States, so that any person wishing to identify a species,

will have the material accessible for reference, to enable him to do

THE NAUTILUS. 69

it. The specimens are to be deposited in the Museum of the

Academy of Natural Sciences for permanent exhibition. In order

that the collection may be a credit to the Association, none but the

finest kind of specimens will be accepted and the exact locality of

every specimen contributed must be designated. The matter of

contributing to the collection, will be, of course, purely voluntary

on the part of members, but it is urged upon them to take an

interest in the matter, for two reasons, viz: Ist. A complete, special

collection of all the mollusea of the United States will be valuable

for purposes of reference, identification of species, settlement of

disputed nomenclature, classification, and general scientific interest.

2nd. It will be a work, which will redound to the credit of the As-

sociation, by showing what the members are capable of doing, when

united in gathering material for a great National Collection. The

name and address of each donor will be attached to the cards upon

which the specimens will be mounted. Members, who are willing

to assist the project, will please let the President of the Association

know what specimens they can contribute to the collection.

Inquiries have been made by members, as to the best general works

of reference in the study of conchology. We would recommend

Tryon’s Structural and Systematic Conchology, Phila., 1884 and Dr.

Paul Fischer’s Manuel de Conchyliologie, Paris, 1857. Both of them

are invaluable to the student. Any bookseller.in America can

obtain them.

Mr. Henry Hemphill in his recent Catalogue of North American

Shells, suggests some startling changes in the nomenclature of Amer-

ican Helices—mainly in the proposed reduction to varietal rank of a

number of species recognized by Mr. Pilsbry and other authorities.

In Mr. Pilsbry’s subgenus Polygyra (including Polygyra, Mesodon,

Triodopsis and Stenotrema) the following changes would be made if

Mr. Hemphill be correct:

Andrewsi, W. G. B.=var. albolabris, Say.

appressa, Say—var. palliata, Say.

armigera, Ancey—var. Columbiana, Lea.

binominata, Tryon—var. devius, Gould.

Dorfeuillana, Lea—var. Texasiana, Moric.

exoleta, Binn.—var. albolabris, Say.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

fallax, Say—var. tridentata, Say.

hirsuta, Say—var. stenotrema, Fér.

Hopetonensis, Shutt.—var. tridentata, Say.

inflecta, Say—var. tridentata, Say.

introferens, Bland—var. tridentata, Say.

Mooreana, W. G. B.—var. Texasiana, Morice.

Mullani, Bland—var. devius, Gould.

Rugeli, Shutt.—var. tridentata, Say.

Salmonensis, Tryon=var. devius, Gould.

Sanburni, W. G. B.=var. devius, Gould.

thyroides, Say—var. albolabris, Say.

triodontoides, Bland—var. Texasiana, Moric.

uvulifera, Shutt.—var. auriculata, Say.

Van Nostrandi, Bland—var. tridentata, Say.

Wetherbyi, Bland—var. Roemeri, Pfr.

It would be an excellent thing, if those members of the Associa-

tion, who are interested in American Helices, would communicate

with the Secretary, giving their opinion upon the proposed changes

of Mr. Hemphill. The Communications would afford a basis for

comparing notes and obtaining a concensus of opinion upon the sub-

ject, which would make an interesting article in the next number of

the NAUTILUS.

THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER

198.— Yoldia limatula, Say., 1851.

Syns. :

Nueula limatula, Say, Gld., DeKay, Con., Sby., Migh., ete.

Leda limatula, Stimp., S. I. Smith.

Yoldia limatula, Modern authors.

Shell transversely ovate, thin and fragile, translucent; posterior

end lengthened and narrowed to a rostrum or snout; beaks nearly

central, not prominent; surface smooth and shining with minute

lines of growth; epidermis very glossy, light green with lighter and

THE NAUTILUS. ck

darker radiating zones; interior bluish white, pearly; hinge with

eighteen teeth on the posterior, and twenty-two teeth on the anterior

side of the beaks. Length two inches, height one inch, breadth

one half.

It inhabits from Long Island to Newfoundland fine, soft mud at

a depth of from two to ten fathoms. They are very abundant and

of large size at Portland, Me., but are much smaller in Rhode

Island. The only place where I have been able to dredge them in

Narragansett Bay is off Rumstick, at the mouth of Warren River

in company with Nucula proxima, Say.

(To be continued.)

GENERAL NOTES.

James C. Cox, M. D., the well-known Australian Conchologist,

has recently published descriptions and figures of Ancylus Smithi

and Oyprea Irvineane, both from Australia. The latter is said to

group with Cyprea stolida, brevidentata and coffea. (Proc. Linn

Soc. N. 8. Wales, iv, p, 660, plate xix.)

A fine specimen of the rare Conus gloria-maris (of which only about

a dozen are known) has been secured by Mr. Hermann Rolle (whose

advertisement will be seen inthis number.) The specimen is valued

by him at $500.

Mr. E. A. Smith of the British Museum has published a very ac-

ceptable list of the marine mollusks of the Island of St. Helena in

Proc. Zool. Soc. London for 1890. Many new species are described.

An unexpectedly large number of West Indian types appear.

CypRA SPADICEA. I noticed that in the July Nauriius Miss

Ida Shepard tells of finding Cypraa spadicea at Longbeach. It

has been found here (Santa Barbara) alive, and dead shells are not

rare. This is some hundred miles further north than her locality.

I have thought that Point Concepcion forty miles above, might

be its northern limit, but have no data to prove it. The one cap-

tured here, lived two or three days in a bowl of sea water, giving

us an opportunity to study its beauties.—Sarah E. Boyce, Santa

Barbara, Cal.

THE NAUTILUS.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

DeSCRIPTIONS OF NEw Wrst AMERICAN LAND, FRESH-WATER

AND MARINE SHELLS, by Robt. E. C. Stearns, Adjunct Curator of

the Dept. of Mollusks, U. S. Nat. Mus. (Ex. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.

xiii, p, 205.) In this excellent paper Dr. Stearns describes Helix

(Arionta) coloradoensis, Grand Canon of the Colorado, opposite the

Kaibab plateau, elevation of 3,500 ft; H. (Arionta) magdalensis,

Magdalena, State of Sonora, Mex., elevation of 1000 ft. above the

town; Holospira semi-sculpta, State of Chihuahua, Mex.; H. arizo-

nensis, Dos Cabezos, Arizona; Melania ( Goniobasis?) acutofilosa,

Eagle Lake, Cal., a form allied to G. occata; Oyclothyca, a new sub-

genus of Capulus, with the species C. corrugata, West coast of Nic-

aragua; Mitra nodocancellata, Gulf of Cal.; Venericardia barbar-

ensis, off Santa Barbara Is., Cal.; Lucina equizonata, same locality ;

Venus (Chione) effeminata, Panama Bay; Periploma discus, San

Pedro, Long Beach, ete. Venericardia borealis Conr. and V. ven-

tricosa Gld., and Miodon prolongatus Cpr., are also figured. Of the

West Coast Helices Dr. Stearns says: “I agree in the main, if not

entirely with Mr Pilsbry in his remarks as contained in the para-

graph under Lysinoé in Nomenclature and Check-list of N. A. Land

Shells, p, 193, criticising the generic terms, etc., heretofore applied

to the helices of the Pacific slope, but I do not perceive the propri-

ety of substituting the generic name Lysinoé H. & A. Ad., 1855, any

more than Aglaia Albers, 1860, for Arionta Leach, 1820. As for

Helminthoglypta, Micrarionta, Euparypha ete., as applied to the

West Coast snails, there is nothing in them more or less than a beg-

garly threshing of beaten straw, not a grain of wheat; or in other

words, neither propriety nor advantage in their use”! Under Holos-

pira a useful list of all known species is given, with critical remarks.

Under the description of Goniobasis, doubts are expressed as to

whether the western Melanians belong to Goniobasis—a subject al-

ready noticed by the Editor in the last Naurrius.

The subgenus Cyclothyca is proposed for a curious form like a de-

pressed Stomatia phymotis, somewhat, probably parasitic on Echinus.

The plates, three in number, are beautiful examples of photo-en-

graving.—H. A. P.

LL, L} 4

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

(Malis

NAUTILU

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Prispry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. IV. NOVEMBER, 1890. NO. Gi

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

A GLANCE AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

John Ford. : : c : : : : - to

NOTES ON BULIMULUS DoRMANI W.G.B. Charles T. Simpson. . Ss ie.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ANCTUS. JOHN FORD. 5 AT, teil

SHELLS WITHIN City Limits. F. A. Sampson. . ‘ . - 82

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. ; : ‘ 2 Oe

GENERAL NOTES. ‘ j ‘ : F : : > 785

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

li THE NAUTILUS.

North American Shells for Sale.

The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good

collections of North American shells at moderate prices.

New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names

of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price

20 cts., free on all orders of one dollar and over.

Address

HENRY HEMPHILL,

POs Ox Ol: San Diego, Cal.

The West American Scientist. —

AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,

The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.

PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00

ADVERTISING RATES AS FOLLOWS:

One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.

Yearly contracts rated as ten months.

“ Decidedly the best of its class.’’—Gro. W. Tryon, Jr.

C. R. ORCUTT, EpDITOR AND PUBLISHER,

Orcutt, San Diego County, California.

informs collectors that he has a large and choice stock

which is being constantly replenished by the purchase of

collections and by agents abroad.

CotitEctors ARE INviITED To SEND THEIR Lists oF

DESIDERATA.

H. F. having, during the last fourteen years, confined his at-

tention solely to the study of shells, collectors, should they favor him

with their orders, may rely upon having none but good and au-

thenticated specimens sent.

Huau Futton, 89 FurHam Roap, Lonpon, 8. W.

i) f iid

» LAS MA TALS &

dames MW Windrun Arcee

Seas Nor ist

VOL. Iv. NOVEMBER, 1880. No. 7.

A GLANCE AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF

PHILADELPHIA.

BY JOHN FORD, PHILADELPHIA.’

The present building of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-

delphia fronting on Logan Square, is a very large one, but the new

structure, of which a perspective view is given on the opposite page,

will be quite double the size; the front of the latter on 19th St.,

being 155 feet ; and that on Cherry St. 150 feet, thus giving an addi-

tional surface area of 20,150 square feet. Four tiers of galleries

52 ft. wide will surround an open central hall, the whole illuminated

by an arched glass roof springing at a height of 80 ft. above the floor.

Added to these will be many rooms for Laboratory, Office and other

purposes. The society for whose accomodations this noble edifice is

being erected, is the oldest of the kind in America, it having been

founded in 1812 by a few earnest seekers after knowledge. Since

then many hundreds of names, among them a large number well

known to-day, have been added to its membership. It is not strange,

therefore, that for many years the society’s decisions have had great

weight in the scientific world.

In addition to its contributions to the progress of science through

the publication of discoveries and investigations, and courses of popu-

lar lectures, it has established a museum of natural objects equal in

many respects to the finest known. In this vast aggregation there

1 Epiror OF NAUTILUS, DEAR SIR: Accompanying this communication

please find a picture of the building of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-

delphia, as it will appear when the addition now under construction is finished.

76 THE NAUTILUS.

are thirty thousand birds including the Gould collection of Austra-

lian species, the Bonaparte collection of European species and Ver-

reaux series from Asia and Africa.

The collection of fossils, which is being systematically arranged

by Prof. Angelo Heilprin, Curator-in-charge, contains some 20,000

trays of specimens besides a larger number of original types of

American Tertiary fossils than all other collections in existence.

The Minerals, including the superb collection of the late Wm. 8.

Vaux, equal in numbers and beauty the best in the country.

Of no less interest and value is the collection of Insects which in

extent and completeness is almost unrivaled. Nor less instructive

and attractive is the Herbarium with its vast number of specimens,

including 35,000 species of flowering plants.

Many other equally important collections are contained in the

Museum.

Among these may be mentioned the Fishes, Reptiles, Corals,

Sponges and Crustaceans, all of which are largely represented.

There are also some 1,700 specimens of human Crania and a host

of Archaelogical objects.

But of more especial interest, perhaps, to the readers of the Nau-

tilus is the Conchological collection.

This is equal in all respects to the best in the world, and super-

ior to all in the systematic arrangement of the specimens. There

are fully thirty thousand species and named varieties in the collec-

tion, these embracing nearly a half million of specimens, the majority

of which were presented from time to time by prominent Concholo-

gists whose knowledge and means enabled them to select and secure

the best examples available. To this fact may be ascribed much of

the beauty and value of the collection.

As already stated the arrangement of the collection is superior to

any in the world, and this is directly due to the careful study and

matchless executive ability of the late Mr. Tryon who planned it in

accordance with the design previously prepared by him for his

masterly work the MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

He did not live to see the entire fulfilment of his wishes but they are

being faithfully carried out by his friend and sometime assistant,

Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, the present conservator of the department and

Editor of the Manual.

The primal group in the arrangement is a synoptical one embra-

cing all of the principal genera known.

THE NAUTILUS. Te

With each of these are a sufficient number of species to make the

generic distinctions at once apparent, thus enabling the student to

locate in the general collection any genus he might wish to exam-

ine.

Following this group are the genera with their full complement

of species, the bulk of the latter represented by specimens, the

remainder by figures or models.

First in line are the Cephalopods, which as your readers know,

comprise the highest class of the Mollusca.

Only a few of these produce shells that are wholly external. A

fine display, however, of those belonging to the Nautilus and Argon-

auta are to be seen, together with many rare models of shell-less spe-

cies.

Near these are several trays of frail glass-like shells belonging to

the class Pteropoda. Of this class quite a number of genera are rep-

resented making a very dainty and delicate group.

Next in order comes the Marine Gastropods, a class containing

a far greater number of genera than either of the others named. In-

cluded in these are the Murices, Tritons, Purpura, Volutes, Fusus,

Mitra, Marginella, Olives, Cones and Cypraea.

In all of these are rare and costly specimens, while some of them

show an almost complete series of the species.

This is especially so as regards the Cones, Olives and Cypraea, the

last being the largest and finest collection of its kind in the United

States save that belonging to John H. Campbell Esq. of Philadel-

phia, which is indeed worth a long journey to see. Exquisite speci-

mens are also plentiful in the other genera mentioned. Passing

from these the visitor will meet with many series of genera belong-

ing tothe same class. Though less prominent, perhaps, than those left

behind, they are in some respects quite as interesting.

Among them is the genus Cerithium, a group of wax-like shells,

whose “ quaint and curious” forms make them delightfully attrac-

tive. Here too are the Littorina, the Turbo, Trochus, Phasianella

and many others including the genus Haliotis which in beauty,

number of species and size of specimens, can fairly claim the atten-

tion of all lovers of Nature’s handiwork.

Near to these are the Patella, Bulla and Chitons, all of which

are worthy of attention, though among the last of the Marine Uni-

valves.

78 THE NAUTILUS.

Here also, near the center of the west gallery, are located the cases

intended for a special collection of all molluscous species belonging

to the United States.

The idea of this collection emanated from the President of the

American Association of Conchologists and there is every reason to

believe that the members will agree with him and show their apprecia-

tion of the project in offerings of the best specimens obtainable near

their respective homes. Just beyond these, in cases and drawers,

can be seen a majority of all the fresh water species of the world,

including the types of Rafinesque, Say, Conrad, Tryon, Haldeman

Gabb and others, and a series of duplicate types of Lea’s Unionidee.

The series of Land Shells commences with Oleacina, a genus

chiefly confined to the U. 8. Gulf States and Central and South

America. A majority of the species are shown, and as many of the

shells are translucent, the visitor, for this and other reasons, will find

them both interesting and instructive.

The same translucent, and in some instances transparent, character

is also finely illustrated among species of Vitrina in a case near by.

Just beyond the latter are several families containing a compara-

tively large number of genera. Of these the most familiar are Gib-

bus, Zonites and Nanina, the arrangement of which is entirely com-

"pleted, a task that only expert conchologists can fully appreciate.

In Zonites and Nanina many beautiful gems are presented, though

none so singular in form, perhaps, as are the species Lyonettianus and

pagodus in the genus Gibbus.

Next come the typical Helices, a genus containing some 3,400 spe-

cies. An enormous number indeed to be of one kin. Among those

exhibited are many specimens remarkable for size, perfection of fin-

ish, and the rare combination of colors adorning their surfaces.

With these can be seen H. picta, from Cuba, with its forty color

varieties, each “a thing of beauty and a joy forever ;” H. Gibboni

with its white and chestnut-colored crescents; and H. Polygyrata

whose many whorls are alike suggestive of giddiness and French

horns. Also scores of others no less enchanting though hailing, with

their less favored brothers, from all continents and islands of the

world. In the same family is that wonderful group known as the

Cochlostyla. This comprises many sub-genera, including the typical

Cochlostylus of Ferrussac. The group, however, as it is understood,

embraces nearly all of the Helicoid and Bulimiform land species

belonging to the Philippine and adjacent islands.

THE NAUTILUS. 79

Nothing but superlatives of the highest order can do justice to the

superb appearance of this group. Where each species exhibits a

style of beauty peculiar to itself, and all are charming, any special

reference to individual perfection would seem invidious.

Some, it is true, show a higher caste of beauty than do others, but

none the less are they all graceful and fair to look upon. With

slight modifications these remarks will also apply to the genus Buli-

mus in an adjoining case. This group is not so patrician in general

appearance, but a large percentage of the species are sufficiently

handsome to create a desire for possession in the heart of the collec-

tor.

Nor would this desire be lessened on his beholding, a few feet a-

way, the grand display made by the genus Achatina, many species

of which are quite large, symmetrical in form and radiant with color.

Following these, with an almost complete complement of species,

are still many families belonging to the Pulmonata.

Among this number, the best known are the Achatinellidae, the

Cylindrellidae, Pupidae, Succineidae and Auriculidae.

All are rich in species especially interesting to the student, and

possibly so to the casual observer; but lack of space prevents any

further allusion to them at present. For the same reason but little

reference can be made to the multitude of bivalves still unnoticed.

These belong to the Class Pelecypoda, and are chiefly marine.

Among the most beautiful of the genera are the Tellina, Cythe-

rea, Tapes, Cardium, Trigonia, Spondylus and Pecten. These are

the queens of the Class, though many other genera are endowed

with species but little inferior either in form or color.

Few, however, can rival the regal beauty of Ted/ina radiata, Cy-

therea erycina, Tapes literata, Cardium pseudolima, Trigonia mar-

garitifera, Spondylus princeps, Pecten pallium and other species grac-

ing their respective genera. All gems, rare gems from ocean sands

and caves

“ Where the foot treadeth not, nor the eye may scan ;

Deep, deep from the haunts and the homes of man.”

Philadelphia, October, 1890.

NOTES ON BULIMULUS DORMANI W. G. B.

BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In the Oct. Nautrius Mr. Berlin H. Wright separates a form of

Bulimulus Dormani from the type, calling it var. albida, and

80 THE NAUTILUS.

makes the sweeping assertion that “it is never found associated with

the typical.”

Such a statement is a very strong one, and would indicate either

that the writer was thoroughly familiar with every locality in which

the shell was found, or that others had searched over its entire area

of distribution, and that all the facts regarding it were known.

Such an amount of knowledge is scarcely possessed concerning any

mollusk I know of.- It is hardly safe to say with certainty that any

shell of the later Tertiaries is extinct, that a species is never found

outside of-a given locality, or only under certain conditions, or that

one form may not connect with another, because the army of lynx-

eyed collectors at work now are creating continual surprises in such

matters, bringing the dead to life and finding forms in just the places

and under just the circumstances that other persons have said they

could not.

While living at Braidentown, Florida, I found Bulimulus Dor-

mani quite abundant, living and dead, in heavy hammock lands

north of the Manatee River, and with the typical form, on the very

same trees, I found quite a number of specimens without a vestige

of color! The ground of most of these shells was a lovely pale por-

celain, the spots were usually reddish brown, sometimes forming un-

interrupted bands somewhat clouded, or more or less distinct ; and

between these and the unicolored shells, there was almost every

variation. Some of the specimens were a uniform horn color, others

a waxen or porcelain tint. There was also quite a range of varia-

tion in size and solidity ; some shells measuring one and a fourth

inches in length, others that I believed to be adult were not over

three fourths of an inch long; some were quite solid for so frail a

species, and others so fragile that they could be blown to fragments

with the breath, and it was next to impossible to collect or handle

the latter. Many of these were quite inflated, others attenuated,

and I am inclined to believe that B. marielinus s only a dwart,

elongated form of this same shell.

In the collection of the U. S. Nat. Museum, there are a couple of

shells (No. 29612) collected by W. W. Calkins, with only Florida

given as a locality, and labelled Bulimulus Floridanus Pfr. These

agree quite well with the figures of that species (448) in Binney’s

Manual of North American Land Shells, p. 407. The texture is

more solid than B. Dormani or Marielinus as I have seen them, the

whorls are somewhat convex, the last sub-angulated below the mid-

THE NAUTILUS. 81

dle, the columella and aperture agree fairly well with the descrip-

tion, but the color is a uniform brownish buff, darker slightly on the

base. They are close to certain unicolored forms of B. virgulatus,

Rve. of the West Indies, and certainly seem different from anything

I have seen bearing the name of Dormani, Marielinus or Floridanus.

Mr. Calkins collected several years in Florida for the Chicago Acad.

Nat. Sciences, published a catalogue of Florida shells and furnished

a good deal of material for the Nat. Museum, and his localities seem

to be reasonably accurate. I may remark in passing that B. stram-

ineus Guild., of the Isle of St. Vincent, is extremely close to the uni-

colored forms of Bulimulus Dormant.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ANCTUS.

BY JOHN FORD.

Anctus Pilsbryi, Ford, N. Sp.

Shell rimate-umbilicated, ovate-conical, spire acute, apex black ;

whorls 7, slightly convex, the last somewhat constricted near the base.

Aperture extremely narrow, oblong; lip flatly reflected, the central

portion for about two-thirds of its length provided with a flange ex-

tending toward the inner or columellar lip from which proceeds a

corresponding convexity thus giving to the aperture a form much

like the traditional key hole. Color light gray, painted longitu-

dinally with brownish and black lines.

Length of shell 25, length of aperture 12, width between flanges

1 mill, width of flange on outer lip 2 mill. Color of lip white.

Habitat Brazil.

Anctus angiostoma and A. Pilsbryi are the only living species of

the subgenus known and they are in some respects very much alike.

In the former, however, the apex is not black and shining nor are

the apertures at all alike, save in general outline. Indeed that of

A. Pilsbryi is absolutely distinct from any other known to the writer.

This alone would justify its specific separation, and it will be a

miracle perhaps if a form so peculiar does not appeal to the genus

makers as well.’

Phila. Pa., Oct. 13th, 1890.

1 The above description is chiefly drawn from memory, as the shell was un-

fortunately mislaid before the less salient features were thoroughly verified. It

can be understood, however, that all of the characters given above are approx-

imately correct.

$2 THE NAUTILUS.

SHELLS WITHIN CITY LIMITS.

While hunting for fossils in an old stone yard in Sedalia, I found

that the Pupa fallax, Say, was quite plentiful, some stones of the size

of a hand haying nearly one hundred shells on the under side.

Short searches on three different days gave about 2000 Pupa fallax,

250 Pupa rupicola, and 10 Zonites minusculus.

The stone yard is in the suburbs, and is grown up with grass, be-

ing surrounded by unbroken prairie. I had never before found any

land shells in the city, nor either species of Pupa so abundant in any

other part of the county. My surprise was increased a few days

after to get large numbers of Vallonia pulchella collected by Mr. R.

A. Blair on a vacant lot within a block of the business center of the

city, being the first record of this species being found in the State.

Along with these latter shells, were found two Zonites arboreus.

This year has evidently been a favorable one for shell life, as it has

been in this county, also, for fruits and vegetables.

Sedalia, Mo. F. A. Sampson.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

OcToBER 21, 1890.

Since date of last announcement the following new members have

been enrolled in the Association :

101. W.S. Teator, Upper Red Hook, N. Y.

102. C. A. Whittemore, Grand Rapids, Mich. Helicidae, Uni-

onidae and Michigan shells.

103. R. H. Pettit, Ithaca, N. Y.

104. Albert Bailey, Chepachet, N. Y.

The United States Collection.

The announcement in the last number of the Naurrius, of the

proposed formation of a great National Collection of United States

Mollusca, to be deposited for permanent exhibition in the Academy

of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, has excited much interest among

the members, quite a number of whom, have signified their inten-

tion of contributing specimens. The following is a sample of letters

received by the President:

Bloomington, Ill. Oct. 18, 1890.

John H. Campbell Esq., Dear Sir :

In the Oct. number of the Nautrius, I notice the proposition of

H. A. Pilsbry to form a complete special collection of the shells of

THE NAUTILUS. 83

the U.S. to be deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-

delpbia. Iam very much pleased with the scheme and hope it will

be successful. From time to time as opportunity offers, I will make

up a box and send to you or direct to the Academy as you may

direct. I will send West Coast shells.

Very truly,

G. W. Lichtenthaler.

Some of the Philadelphia members of the Association have al-

ready responded to the suggestion and have contributed some very

handsome specimens as a nucleus for the collection. The full list of

donations thus far made is noted below and from month to month

the Naurivus will publish a list of additions made between the dates

of issue.

It would be well to bear in mind the following rules:

1. None but members of the Association will be allowed to con-

tribute to the collection.

2. None but the finest kind of specimens will be accepted.

3. The specimens must be from known, exact localities within the

limits of the United States.

4. The donation of shells is purely a voluntary matter on the part

of members.

5. The names and addresses of the donors will be written on the

cards upon which the shells will be mounted.

Tne donations must be voluntary.

It must be understood that the matter of contributing specimens

to the collection is purely a voluntary one on the part of members.

There is no obligation on their part to contribute, or even to take an

interest in the matter. Some of them may not care to donate speci-

mens to be placed in the Philadelphia Academy, but may prefer to

help along collections in their own localities. The collection will be

labelled “Special Exhibit of United States Mollusca, contributed by

members of the American Association of Conchologists,”’ but the

Association, as an organized body will not stand sponsor for the Ex-

hibit. It could not do so without a meeting and a favorable vote by

the members.

This will not prevent, however, members, who desire to do so,

from contributing to the success of the project, and the Philadelphia

members would be glad to have the help of all who look kindly up-

on the project.

84 THE NAUTILUS.

All specimens should be sent addressed to the President, care of

the Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia.

The president is a member of the Academy and generally manages

to visit that institution once a week, to meet his fellow conchologists,

and the specimens sent will receive his personal attention.

Donations to date.

The following species have been already received and mounted.

All of the specimens are as fine as possible and include a number of

valuable suites. The numbers prefixed to the names are the numbers

of the trays.

John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa.

2, Solen Americana, Gould, Atlantic City, N. J.; 10, Same,

juvenile suite; 7, Mactra solidissima, Dillwyn, Atlantic City,

N. J.; 8, Same, juvenile suite; 6, Littorina irrorata, Say,

Atlantic City, N. J.: 31, Pupa contracta, Say, Philadelphia,

Pa;

Charles W. Johnson, Phjladelphia, Pa.—

3, Planorbis tumidus, Pfr., St. Augustine, Fla.; 4, Siphonaria

lineolata, D’Orb., St. Augustine, Fla.; 5, Urosalpinx Tampa-

ensis, Conrad, Lostman’s Key, Fla.; 12, Ovula uniplicata, Sby.,

St. Augustine, Fla.; 13, Lucina squamosa, Lam., Stump Pass,

S. W. Fla.; 14, Macoma Tampaensis, Conrad, Gordon’s Pass,

S. W. Fla.; 15, Helix uvulifera, Shutt., Sanibel Island, Fla. ;

16, Chondropoma dentata, Say, near Gordon’s Pass, 8S. W.

Fla.; 17, Odostomia impressa, Say, St. Augustine, Fla.

H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia, Pa.

20, Helix cereolus, Mihl., var. Febigeri, Bld., New Orleans,

La.; 21, Helix monodon, Rack, var. fraterna, Say, near Lake

Charles, S. W. La.

Joseph Willcox, Philadelphia, Pa.—

22, Turitella plebeia, Conrad, Miocene, St. Mary’s, Md.; 23,

Arca aviculaeformis, Heilprin, Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie,

Fla.; 24, Nassa peralta, Conrad, Miocene, St. Mary’s, Md.; 25,

Cypraea (Siphocypraea) problematica, Heilprin, Pliocene,

Caloosahatchie, Fla.; 26, Physa Meigsii, Dall, same locality ; 27,

Voluta Floridana, Heilprin, same locality ; 28, Chama crassa,

Heilprin, same locality ; 29, Cardium laqueatum, Conrad, Mio-

THE NAUTILUS. 85

cene, Patuxent R., Md.; 30, Lucina Floridana, Conrad, Estero

-Bay, 5. W. Fila.

William J. Fox, Philadelphia, Pa.—

32, Cerithium atratum, Born., San Marco, 8. W. Fla.; 33,

Cerithium muscarum, Say, Gordon’s Pass, 8. W. Fla.

John H. Campbell, Philadelphia, Pa.

1, Cypraea exanthema, Linn, near Key Largo, Fla.; 9, same,

juvenile forms; 11, Vitrizonites latissimus, Lewis, Roan Mt.,

Tenn.; 18, Trophon Belcheri, Hinds, San Diego, Cal.; 19, Cy-

praea spadicea, Swainson, San Diego, Cal.

Total—23 genera, 30 species, 35 trays.

GENERAL NOTES.

Somer AMERICAN CANNIBALS.— Ep. Navutitus, DEAR Str.—Dur-

ing a recent stroll in Fairmount Park I found beneath an old rail-

road tie about thirty healthy looking Limaz agrestis, Linn. These

I placed in a small collecting box which already contained quite

half as many J. campestris, Binney.

On opening the box a half hour later I found, to my surprise, that

two of the campestris were rapidly disappearing within the jaws of

a pair of agrestis.

Having no means to separate the species I closed the box again

and left it so for about twelve hours.

Upon reopening it there was but one campestris living. With

exception of a few reddish stains not a vestige of the others could be

discovered.

Of course the living one could tell no tales, but the fact remained

that all the rest of its kindred had involuntarily evolved into Limax

agrestis, Linn,

Moral, when Bulls are near let Conservatives beware.—John Ford,

Phila., Oct. 1890.

ExcHance.—I have for exchange twenty-five species of Unios

from Illinois and Spoon river, including about two hundred very

fine Anodonta suborbiculata Say.

Wanted other Unios and Sea shell— Dr. W.S. Strode, Bernadotte,

Wl.

lv THE NAUTILUS.

ADVERTISING RATES.

<<a

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent. will be made on insertions cf

six months or longer.

COLLECTORS.

20 000 species of Land, Mari Marine, and fresh-water shells

for sale. The largest stock in the world :—Always new arri-

vals. Prices cheaper than elsewhere. PRrick-Lists GRATIS.

Offer also smaller and larger collections representing the general families and most char-

acteristic species from all parts of the world.

A Collection of 50 Species.

a. Marine shells univalves - - - - . - - - - - $8.00

b. ee OC bivalves - - - - - - - - = - $6.00

c. Landshells - - . - - - - - - - - - - {5.00

A general collection of marine and landshells, 300 species $35.00.

All correctly named and in perfect condition.

New Price-list of Land Shells sent free on application.

Address: HERMANN ROLLE,

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ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.

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Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U.S. Write for information.

ie, 2/4

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(Bells

AUTILU

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. IV. DECEMBER, 1890. No. 8.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

A NEw AMERICAN PistpiuM. Edward W. Roper. : ‘ . 85

NOTES ON FLORIDA BULIMULI. G. W. Webster. : - ; . 8d

CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM OREGON. Dr. Wm. H. Dall. ‘ : 87

A CATALOGUE OF CONCHOLOGICAL ABBREVIATIONS. F.C. Baker. . . 89

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. ‘ ; : 5 UII

GENERAL NOTES. ; : 5 : ; ‘ : . 95

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

il THE NAUTILUS.

North American Shells for Sale.

The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good

collections of North American shells at moderate prices.

New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names

of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price

20 cts., free on all orders of one dollar and over.

Address ‘

HENRY HEMPHILL,

POBox, Oia: San Diego, Cal.

The West American Scientist.

AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,

The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.

PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00

ADVERTISING RATES AS FOLLOWS:

One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.

Yearly contracts rated as ten months.

‘* Decidedly the best of its class.”’—Gro. W. Tryon, Jr.

C. R. ORCUTT, EpITor AND PUBLISHER,

Orcutt, San Diego County, Califormia.

HUGH FULTON DEALER IN RECENT SHELLS,

informs collectors that he has a large and choice stock

which is being constantly replenished by the purchase of

collections and by agents abroad.

CoLtLectors ARE INvITED TO SEND THEIR Lists oF

DESIDERATA.

HI. F. having, during the last fourteen years, confined his at-

tention solely to the study of shells, collectors, should they favor him

with their orders, may rely wpon having none but good and au

thenticated specimens sent. ‘

Hueu Futton, 89 FutHAmM Roan, Lonpon, 8. W.

hteeoN Sri ue

VOL. Iv. DECEMBER, 1890. No. 8.

A NEW AMERICAN PISIDIUM.

BY EDWARD W. ROPER, REVERE, MASS.

Pisidium Idahoense Roper.

Shell large, sub-ovate, full, oblique, inequilateral, anterior end a

little longer, margin well rounded; beaks scarcely raised, not promi-

nent, approximate at apex; lines of growth delicate; epidermis

glossy, light yellow, some specimens with brownish zones in center

of valves, not extending to the edges, leaving a broad marginal bor-

der ; interior bluish white ; hinge margin curved, narrow ; cardinal

teeth very small, lateral teeth long and slender.

Length, 0°55; height, 0°31; breadth, 0:21 inches.

This shell is quite different from Pisidiwn Virginicum, the only

American species of equal size. P. Virginicwm has the beaks fuller,

more elevated and nearer the posterior end; the hinge margin and

teeth broad and heavy ; the shell more elongated and in every way

more solid.

About forty specimens of P. Idahoense were collected by Mr.

Henry Hemphill in a muddy slough near Old Mission, in northern

Idaho. He did not find it in other localities.

NOTES ON FLORIDA BULIMULI.

BY G. W. WEBSTER, LAKE HELEN, FLA.

In the Noy. Nauritus Mr Chas. T. Simpson gives some notes on

Bulimulus Dormani which I have read with interest. As to the

86 THE NAUTILUS.

Var. albida so named by my friend Mr. B. H. Wright, I wish to

offer a little further explanation, that Mr. Wright nor I have ever

found typical B. Dormani associated with spotless Bulimuli would

weigh nothing against Mr. Simpson’s having found them near the

Manatee River. I hope in the not far distant future to visit that re-

gion and see for myself, but at the same time Mr. Simpson never

having found the light colored var. entirely remote from any typi-

cal Dormant would not prove anything against there being a local-

ity near Lake Helen where they are to be found at least 10 or 12

miles froma single specimen of well marked B. Dormani, and that

there is such a locality I am very positive. I think they were first

found about three years ago by my son Oscar B. Webster and

myself.

They are to be found in a small hammock of probably less than

200 acres, so isolated from any other hammock as to render com-

munication with any other Bulimuli quite improbable. My own

theory with regard to them is that having had a common origin

with the B. Dormant in other parts of Florida, they have been so

long separated from the typical form, hundreds, perhaps, thousands

of years, that some peculiarity of food or situation has finally devel-

oped a type of very transparent, light colored and nearly spotless

shells. These characteristics have become so constant that I have

never seen a single example of them that I should consider a good

representative of B. Dormani. There may be other localities where

a type of similar shells, all so nearly alike, may be found but I shall

be surprised if any such is ever found. That the same type is to be

found in other localities along with typical B. Dormani would be

very probable, but though we have spent many days and weeks

looking for Bulimuli among the hammocks of the St. John’s River

and along the East Coast of Florida for nearly 250 miles, we have

never yet met with any such shells. The only white B. Dormant

we have found among the typical have been such as have evidently

become faded on account of age.

Nearly two years ago I sent Prof. W. H. Dall three specimens of

albida of which he wrote in reply, “Those Bulimuli without spots

are just lovely.” W. G. Binney wrote me Sept. 3, 1889, with re-

gard to some of the albida that I had sent him, “The Bul. Dormant

in yours of Aug 29, are much more interesting to me for their long

narrowed form, than even for their marking. I hope some day to

figure them.” Two years ago when I first showed some of them to

THE NAUTILUS. 87

Mr. Wright with the remark that “they would hardly pass for typi-

cal Dormani,” he at first thought they would, but further examina-

tion convinced him that their peculiar markings were constant and

quite striking. He is certainly mistaken in saying that they are

always a pure white shell and entirely spotless. Many that we have

found are prettily marked with three bands on the last whorl often

very faint that corresponds to the three rows of spots on the typical

Dormani. and many of them have just enough spots, very faint ones

to show their relationship. However, the lightest Dormani I have

seen in any other locality will show several times more spots and

color than the darkest albida I have seen. All the Florida Buli-

muli I have seen show more or less of bands on some examples, but

these show much more trace of bands than the horn-colored Buli-

muli that we have occasionally found along the east coast for a dis-

tance of 200 miles. That there are no typical B. Dormani in the

hammock where the a/bida are found, I am quite sure, as it is only

three miles from our home and we often go there and have looked

over about the whole ground many times, finding I think 27 species

of shells. We have found two types of Bulimuli near the east coast

both of them much like Binney’s No. 449, in form, but very unlike

his 448. They are very fragile shells, one of them nearly white

with conspicuous bands and the other plain horn color. Whether

they are to be called Floridana or Hemphilli, I think that for the

accomodation of collectors and students they should be distinguished

by different names. Ifa collector should write to me for B. Hemp-

hilli expecting to get a white banded shell and I should send him

a horn-colored one he would have good reason for being disappointed.

So far we have found them to be very rare shells.

CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM OREGON.!

* * * During my recent visit to Oregon I had opportunities

for seeing Goniobasis plicifera Lea living in the Columbia River

near Astoria, mostly on stones in small pools along the rocky mar-

gin. Also G. nigrina Lea ‘which occurs in large numbers in the

brook running from several large springs near Susanville, Lassen

Co., Cal., at an elevation of 4700 feet above the sea. The same spe-

cies was noticed in a watering trough fed by a spring on the road

1 A letter from Dr. W. H. Dall to the Editor of the NAUTILUs.

88 THE NAUTILUS.

crossing the Sierra, a little to the south and west of Susanville, the

elevation being about 5500 feet which I think is the highest altitude

at which any Strepomatid has been collected.

Both these species have a smooth mantle-margin, G. plicifera be-

ing dark slate-color finely dotted with sulphur yellow while in G.

nigrina the color is nearly black, inclining to slaty. It is probable,

therefore, that all our American Strepomatide agree in this feature

and that as Stimpson supposed we have no typical Melanians with a

fringed mantle-edge.’

An interesting feature in the malacology of this region is the ab-

sence of Unio from all the streams, though found fossil in the tertiary

of this region. I found Margaritana margaritifera of normal form and

size abundant up to a height of over five thousand feet above the

sea level, in the northern Sierras. At this height it was not accom-

panied by Anodonta.

It is very remarkable that typical Vivipara occurs not uncommonly

in the Pliocene or possibly the Quaternary fresh water shell-marl of

the old Lake beds, both of the Snake River (Oregon) basin and the

Lahontan basin (California and Nevada). Why Unio, Lithasia and

Vivipara should have disappeared when their associated Carinifex

and Pompholyx persist in the same vicinity specifically unchanged,

is an inexplicable mystery at present. It shows at least that the

West Coast fauna was formerly more intimately connected with that

of the eastern region of the United States, than at present.

Another interesting feature of my visit was the determination, by

the aid of the researches of that veteran geologist Prof. Thomas

Condon of the State University, of the existence of marine Pliocene

fossils at Shoalwater Bay, Wash. conformably underlying the qua-

ternary and indicating, by the presence of Buccinum cyaneum and

other northern forms, at that epoch a colder climate than at present.

The most remarkable, and only new form in this bed is a fine Myti-

lus as large as M. californicus but distinguished from all other spe-

cies of the genus by its surface which resembles that of MM. edulis

superimposed upon which are a few, strong, divaricating ridges ex-

tending from about the middle of the valves toward the posterior

extreme.

1 Alcoholic specimens of Western Gonzedasis recently examined by me, sent

by Mr. E. H. White of Astoria, Oregon, confirm the observations of Dr. Dall

respecting the smooth mantle-edge. I hope to figure the dentition later—Eb.

THE NAUTILUS. 89

Many species have the surface covered with fine divaricating lines,

but I believe there is none known in which there are a few strong

distant ridges, perhaps not exceeding half a dozen on the surface of

a shell six inches in length, and having otherwise the form and as-

pect of a giant M. edulis. For this interesting species I propose the

name of M. Condoni in honor of its discoverer.

I did not succeed in reaching the southern part of the State where

the enthusiastic lady collectors are upsetting all our previous notions

by finding new species (and big ones, too,) in a fauna which every-

body supposed had been well searched, to say nothing of advancing

many Lower Californian types many miles to the north. I am_ be-

ginning to belieye that if the ladies set their minds to it we shall be

having a lot of new species from New England next.

Prof. O. B. Johnson of the State University at Seattle, Wash.,

among other rarities, has recently dredged in the deep water of Pu-

get Sound near Port Orchard, a few splendid specimens of Crypto-

don or Axinus bisectus Conrad, originally described (as Venus bisec-

tus) from the Miocene of Astoria. It is the giant of the genus, be-

ing over two inches in length, far surpassing in size any other liy-

ing species yet known.

Wma. H. DAL.

A CATALOGUE OF CONCHOLOGICAL ABBREVIATIONS.

BY F. C. BAKER, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

The following pages comprise an alphabetical catalogue of the

abbreviations in common use for writers on conchological subjects,

together with their full names and nationalities.

While not exhaustive the names of all the more prominent

writers upon the subject are given. It is therefore hoped that the

list will prove useful to beginners and those more advanced in the

subject as well.

Ad. A. Adams, Arthur. English.

ae Adams, Henry. English.

Ad. C. B. Adams, Charles B. American.

Alb. Albers, Johann Christ. German.

Ald. Alder, Joshua. English.

Anth.

Ant.

Berth.

Bet.

Bk.

Blainv.

Bld.

Bif.

Boettg.

Bourg.

Brod.

Brug.

Brus.

Binn.

Cale.

Cantr.

Carp.

Chemn.

Conr.

Coop.

Couth.

Cpr.

Crist.

Deb.

Desh.

Dillw.

Dkr.

Don.

D’Orb.

Drap.

Drp.

Duel.

Dup.

Eichw.

Esch.

Ebrenb.

THE NAUTILUS.

- Anthony, J. G.

Anton, Hermann Eduard.

Berthelot, Sabin.

Bourguignat, M. J. R.

Beck, H.

Blainville, M. H. de.

Bland, Thomas.

Blanford, N. T.

Boettger, Dr. Oscar.

Bourguinat, M. J. R.

Broderip, W. J.

Bruguiere, M.

Brusina, Spiridion.

Binney, Amos.

Caleara, P.

Cantraine, F.

Carpenter, P. P.

Chemnitz, J. H.

Conrad,.T. A.

Cooper, Dr. J. G.

Couthouy, J. P.

Carpenter, P. P.

Cristofori, G.

iD:

Debeaux, O.

Deshayes, G. P.

Dillwyn, Lewis W.

Dunker, W.

Donovan, Edward.

D’Orbigny, A.

Draparnaud, J.

Duclos, M.

Dupuy, D.

Eichwald, E. von.

Escheholtz, Dr.

Ehrenberg, Dr.

American.

German.

French.

German.

French.

American.

English.

German.

French.

English.

French.

Italian.

American.

Ttalian.

French.

English.

German.

American.

English.

French.

English.

German.

English.

French.

German.

THE NAUTILUS. 91

Fabr. Fabricius, O. Swedish.

Fbs. Forbes, Edward. English.

Fer. Ferussac, J. B. L. D. de. French.

(To be continued.)

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

DECEMBER 10, 1890.

Since the issue of the list of members, the following new members

have been enrolled :

105. Prof. F. M. Witter, Muscatine, Iowa.

106. Miss Addie C. Appleton, Haddonfield, N. J. Shells of New

Jersey.

107. Rey. Henry W. Winkley, Saco, Me. New England Mol-

lusca.

108. Geo. W. Webster, Lake Helen, Fla. JZ. and F. W. Shells

of Florida.

109. Osear B. Webster, Lake Helen, Fla. LZ. and F. W. Shells

of Florida.

110. James Shepard, New Britain, Conn. Connecticut Mollusca.

111. Prof. O. B. Johnson, Seattle, Wash.

112. J. G. Cooper, M. D., Haywards, Cal. West Coast Mollusca.

113. Mrs. Geo. Andrews, Knoxville, Tenn. Jo. Amer. Land

Shells.

114. Chas. Russell Orcutt, San Diego, Cal. Nudibranchiata.

115. E. H. White, Astoria, Oreg. Achatinella.

116. Chas. L. R. Wheeler, Cape May, N. J. Unionidae.

117. J. J. White, Palm Beach, Fla.

118. John M. Clarke, Albany, N. Y. Palaeozoie Mollusca.

119. Wm. B. Marshall, Albany, N. Y. Unionidae and New

York Mollusca.

120. Chas. Schuchert, Albany, N. Y. Brachiopoda.

121. Dr. Wm. H. Rush, U.S. N., Philadelphia, Pa. Pteropoda

and Heteropoda.

122. Joseph Sayers, New Britain, Conn.

123. E. H. Fiske, Santa Cruz, Cal. Fossil Shells of Pacific Coast.

92 THE NAUTILUS.

The following members have selected subjects, viz. :

Arthur F. Gray, Yonkers, N. Y. West Indian Land Shells and

Strophia.

Prof. J. B. Steere, Ann Arbor, Mich. Philippine Helicide.

L. H. Streng, Grand Rapids, Mich. Limnea and Physa (No.

America.)

R. H. Pettit, Ithaca, N.Y. LZ. and F. W. Shells of America.

Albert Bailey, Chepachet, N. Y. 2. and F. W. Shells of New

York.

Rev. Geo. W. Taylor has removed from Stewarton, Ottawa, to

Victoria, B. C.

The growth of the Association has been very gratifying and its

value will be more and more appreciated as its list of members is

increased. The officers constantly receive encouraging letters from

the members.

The United States Collection.

The idea of the United States collection has been generally ap-

proved. Many of the members are enthusiastic. From the letters

received and the shells promised, the collection bids fair to assume

large proportions in a very short time. Starting with the first dona-

tions made by the officers and by Messrs. Pilsbry, Willcox and Fox

of Philadelphia, announced in the last Nauriius, a box of shells,

comprising 130 West Coast species, was received from G. W. Lich-

tenthaler, Bloomington, Ill. Some of the specimens and suites (par-

ticularly the Haliotidae) are magnificent and show the judgment of

a trained collector and lover of shells. A fine lot, including some

interesting fossils from the Miocene Silex Beds of Ballast Point,

Florida, has also been received from Miss C. Antoinette Shepard

of New Britain, Conn. Other donations have been received from

Messrs. Thos. Morgan, Somerville, N. J., Joseph Willcox, Philip

Nell, William J. McGinty, Wm. J. Fox and Mr. Campbell of Phil-

adelphia, Wm. J. Raymond, Oakland, Cal.; Dr. W.S. Strode, Ber-

nadotte, Ill.; Albert Bailey, Chepachet, N. Y.; and Chas. Le R.

Wheeler, Cape May, N. J. They will be duly acknowledged. Mr.

J. A. Singley, Giddings, Texas, writes: “I approve of the plan.

I'll contribute some desirable Texas species to ‘our corner’ and will

continue sending at times until I contribute some of everything I

find in the State.”

THE NAUTILUS. 93

Mr. Geo. J. Streator, Garretsville, Ohio, writes: “I shall be glad

to donate to the U.S. collection some of the best shells of this part

of Ohio.”

Mr. Geo. W. Webster, Lake Helen, Florida writes: “ Myself and

son shall be glad to donate examples to the U.S. collection. We

are much interested in the subject.”

These are but samples of the letters which are being constantly

received. In sending specimens, members should avoid duplicating

species already in the collection. None but the finest kind of spec-

imens should be sent.

As the shells are received they are examined, prepared for mount-

ing, named and then mounted upon cards, which fit into neat trays.

Special attention is paid to the labelling, each species having the

exact name and locality and name and address of the donor, thus:

Haliotis corrugata, Gray,

Catalina Id., Cal.

G. W. Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, Ill., 1890.

Fossil species are placed with living species of the same genus, sO

that ready comparisons may be made between them.

Donations to United States Collection.

Since last announcement the following have been mounted and

placed in the collection, The numbers attached to the names desig-

nate the trays. [Want of space in this number, compels us to defer

part of the list until next month.]

G. W. Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, I]]._—

45, Purpura crispata, Chemn., Puget Sound, Wash.; 46, Pur-

pura saxicola, Val., Monterey, Cal.; 80, Purpura canalicula-

tum, Ducl., Tillamook Bay, Oreg.; 79, Buccinum cyaneum,

Brug., Alaska; 60, Siphonalia Kellettii, Forbes, Santa Barbara,

Cal.; 59, Chrysodomus dirus, Reeve, Alaska; 48, Nassa perpin-

guis, Hinds, San Pedro, Cal.; 68, Amphissa corrugata, Reeve,

Puget Sd., Wash. ; 78, Crucibulum spinosum, Sby., San Diego,

Cal.; 51, Crepidula adunea, Sby., San Diego, Cal.; 49, Verme-

tus squamigerus, Cooper, San Diego, Cal.; 86, Littorina scutu-

lata, Gould, San Luis Obispo, Cal.; 85, Littorina Sitchana,

94 THE NAUTILUS.

Phil., Port Townsend, Wash.; 90, Bittium filosum, Gould,

Alaska; 82, Potamides (cerithidea) sacrata, Gould, Oakland.

Cal.; 54, Trochiscus Norrisii, Sby., Catalina Ids., Cal.; 35,

Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas, Alaska; 36-37, Haliotis ful-

gens, Philippi, Catalina Ids., Cal.; 38, Haliotis corrugata, Gray,

same locality ; 39, Haliotis cracherodii, Leach, Cal.; 40, Hali-

otis rufescens, Swn., Santa Barbara Ids., Cal.; 41, Haliotis as-

similis, Dall, San Diego, Cal.; 47, Lucapina crenulata, Sby.,

San Diego, Cal.; 60, Bulla nebulosa, Gould, San Diego, Cal. ;

56, Selenites Vancouverensis, Sea, Vancouver, Wash.; 53, He-

lix fidelis, Gray, Oreg.; 52, Limnaea stagnalis, Linn., Seattle,

Wash. ; 50, Parapholas Californicus, Conrad, San Diego, Cal. ;

45, Siliqua patula, Dixon, near Astoria, Oreg.; 42, Semele de-

cisa, Conrad, False Bay, Cal.; 89, Cumingia Californica, Con-

rad, San Diego, Cal.; 55, Donax Californicus, Conrad, Lahoya,

Cal.; 65, Venus fluctifraga, Sby., San Pedro, Cal.; 64, Tapes

staminea, Conrad, Tongas Id., Alaska; 63, Cytherea (Pachy-

desma) crassatelloides, Conr., Cal.; 75, Sphaerium sulcatum,

Lam., Salem, Oreg.; 87, Cardium consors, Brod., Tillamook

Bay, Oreg.; 57, Cardium corbis, Mont., Tongas Id., Alaska;

88, Cardium (Laevicardium) elatum, Sby., San Diego Bay,

Cal.; 91, Modiola capax, Sby., Monterey, Cal.; 93, Pecten lat-

iauritus, Conr., Santa Barbara, Bal.; 44, Amussium caurinum,

Gould, Port Townsend, Wash. ; 62, Hinnites giganteus, Gray,

San Diego, Cal.

C. Antoinette Shepard, New Britain, Conn.—

129, Fasciolaria tulipa, Linn. Key West, Fla.; 130, Ianthina

communis, Lam., same locality ; 151, Marginella carnea, Storer,

same locality ; 133, Littorina rudis, Don., Niantic, Conn.; 134,

Crepidula glauca, Say, Wellfleet, Mass.; 185, Donax varia-

bilis, Say, Fernandina, Fla.; 136, Pinna carnea, Gmelin., Key

West, Fla.; 137, Pinna seminuda, Lam., Fernandina, Fla. ;

138, Latirus Floridana, Heilp., Miocene Silex Beds, Tampa,

Fla.; 139, Turritella Tampae, Heilp., same locality ; 140, Cras-

satella deformis, Heilp., same locality. 141, Cardita serricosta,

Heilp., same locality ; 142, Cytherea nuciformis, Heilp., same

locality. .

Joseph Willcox, Philadelphia.—

128, Solenosteira Mengeana, Dall, Pliocene of Caloosahatchie,

Fla. ; 174, Niso Willcoxiana, Dall, same locality ; 173, Fulgur

THE NAUTILUS. 95

echinatum, Dall., Pliocene, Shell Creek, Fla.; 176, Orthalicus

zebra, Mull., Florida Keys.

Wm. J. McGinty, Philadelphia.

Marginella varia, Sby.; Unio orbiculatus, Hild., Ohio R.

Philip Nell, Philadelphia.

153, Selenites concavus, Say, Philadelphia; 155, Anodonta

fluviatilis, Lea, Delaware R., Phila.; 156, Patula alternata,

Say, Philadelphia.

Wm. J. Fox, Philadelphia.—

34, Potamides (Cerithidea) scalariformis, Say, Indian R., Fla. ;

125, Vertigo Bollesiana, Morse, Philada.; 126, Truncatella

bilabiata, Pfr., Oak Lodge, Fla.; 127, Zonites cellarius, Miill.,

Philadelphia.

John H. Campbell, Philadelphia.

151, Nassa fossata, Gould, San Diego, Cal.; 150, Helix Cal-

iformensis, Lea, Cal., with varieties, ramentosa, Gould: Bridge-

sii, Newe.: Nickliniana, Lea and Diabloensis, Cooper.

John Ford, Philadelphia.

165, Mytilus edulis, Linn., Atlantic City, N. J.; 164, Modiola

modiolus, Lam., Atlantic City, N. J.; 169, Crepidula fornicata,

Linn., Providence, R. I.; 165, Unio nasutus, Say, Potomac R.,

(Washington); 166, Unio complanatus, Lea, same locality ;

167, Unio Fisherianus, Lea, same locality ; 168, Unio radiatus,

Linn., Providence, R. I.

Total— 140 genera, 186 species, 196 trays.

GENERAL NOTES.

OstR#A GIGAS Thunberg.—In a collection of Japanese mollusks

make by Mr. Frederick Stearns of Detroit, Mich., the writer found

aspecimen of this species measuring 17% inches long, greatest breadth

3% inches, length of ligament area 37 inches. It is by far the lar-

gest recent oyster on record. Locality, Enoshima, Japan.—H. A.

Pilsbry.

'TEBENNOPHORUS H EMPHILLL.— Last Spring I found in Marion Co.,

Indiana, one specimen of 'Tebennophorus Hemphilli W. G. Binney,

and revisited the place often since to find more, but succeeded only in

taking a second (young) specimen.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

So far the species has been known to exist only in North Carolina,

and I deem it worth of notice that a new locality has been found.—

Dr. Fr. Stein, Indianapolis, Ind., in letter to ed.

Sprecres DerERMINED.—From Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, Uni-

versity P. O., Cal. No. 1 (a) Cytherea lusoria Chemn., Japan;

1 (b) Cytherea meretrix Linn. Var. castanea, Lam., Japan. 2.

Neritula neritea Linn., Crimea; 1. (small ones) Neritula Kamies-

chi Chemn. Crimea; 3. Bittum reticulatum, De Costa, Crimea; 4.

Phasianella pulla, Linn., Crimea; 5. Mytilus minimus Poli, Crimea ;

6, Rissoia violacea, Desm., Crimea.——C. W. J.

ScaLPELLUM Srearnsu.—The writer found numerous specimens

of an undescribed Scalpellum in a collection of Japanese mollusks

and crustaceans made by Mr. Frederick Stearns of Detroit, Mich.

The form differs from all recent species known, in the shape of the

carinal latus, which projects ina long recurved hook below the

carina. In this respect it is close to the S. Pfeifferi Weithofer, an

Austrian miocene species. From this it is separated, however, by

the form of the inframedian latus, which is about as broad as high

in the S. Stearnsii, but is decidedly higher than broad in S. Pfeifferi.

The sculpturing of the valves also differs from the form named.

Illustrations will be given later—H. A. Pilsbry.

Species DereERMINED.—From M. Schepman, Rhoon, near Rot-

terdam, Holland. 1, 2, 5, Cerithiwm ferrugineum Say ; 3, C. ferru-

gineum var. versicolor Ad.; 4, C. eburneum Brug; 6, 7, C. atratum

Born.; 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, C. minimum Gmel. All from the Baha-

mas.— H. A. P.

LucaPiIneLua, A new genus of Fissurellide.—This genus was

defined in my key to the genera of Fissurellidinze in the Manual of

Conchology, part 47, but no type was mentioned, as the text relat-

ing to the genus will appear in the next part of that work. It in-

cludes the “ Clypidella” or “ Fissurellidea” calliomarginata Cpr. of

California, and the following forms: equalis Sowb., Panama; lima-

tula Rve., West Indies; and aculeata Reeve. It differs from Fis-

surella and all its subgenera in having the central teeth of the rad-

ula of a square shape, about as broad as long; from Fisswredlidea,

Pupillea, Lucapina, Megatebennus in having the shell entirely free

from the mantle which more or less envelopes it in thuse genera ;

the fleshy foot being likewise nude, not covered by the mantle.

The margins of the shell are nearly level, as in Lucapina, and the

orifice is about in the middle—H. A. Pilsbry.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

ot let

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Wools LV. iE, Dy, - JANUARY, 1890 No. 9.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

MOLLUSKS OF THE SAN FRANCISCO MARKETS. Prof. Josiah Keep. Sale

A NEw SPECIES OF LIMPET FROM JAPAN. H. A. Pilsbry. . : . 100

MOLLUSKS OF THE UNITED STATES. John H. Campbell... : . 101

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. (Contributed.) : . 104

GENERAL NOTES. : . : : : : : 2 107

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. : : : ; ; . 5 May

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

li THE NAUTILUS.

North American Shells for Sale.

The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good

collections of North American shells at moderate prices.

New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names

of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price

20 ets., free on all orders of one dollar and over.

Address

HENRY HEMPHILL,

P. O. Box 973. San Diego, Cal.

The West American Scientist.

AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,

The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.

PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00

ADVERTISINC RATES AS FOLLOWS:

One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.

Yearly contracts rated as ten months.

“ Decidedly the best of its class.”’—Gro. W. TRyON, JR.

C. R. ORCUTT, EpITorR AND PUBLISHER,

Orcutt, San Diego County, California.

CIGAR SPECIALTIES.

ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.

CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER.

$5.00 PER HUNDRED.

“OQTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred,

In 50 and 100 Boxes.

FINLEY ACKER & CO., 123 N. 8th St., Phila., Pa.

Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U.S. Write for information.

eee NE UTILS.

VOL. Iv. JANUARY, 1891. No. 9.

MOLLUSKS OF THE SAN FRANCISCO MARKETS.

BY PROF. JOSIAH KEEP, MILLS COLLEGE, CAL.

It would be interesting to know how many species of edible

mollusks are to be found in the markets of the great cities of our

country. I suspect that the number would be found to be surpris-

ingly small, when we consider what a vast array of species fall into

line and set themselves in array against the bewildered beginner,

when he opens the simplest manual and attempts to gain familiarity

with their names and natures. [or one, I would be much interested

to read in the “ Nauritus” a series of articles upon the food

mollusks which may be bought in the markets of our country ; said

articles to be written by various observers, each one reporting for

his own locality.

The species of mollusks which the ordinary purchaser will find

in the “fish markets’ of San Francisco are only five in number, and

of these, the amounts sold are very unequal. The first in importance

as well as in social standing, so to speak, is the “ Eastern Oyster,”

Ostrea Virginica Gmelin. This distinguished visitor to our coast

is highly prized by all lovers of good things; far too highly prized,

by the dealer, to admit of its forming any considerable portion of

the food of the average conchologist. The price per dozen varies

from twenty-five cents to halfa dollar or more, according to size. The

surprise of those who have been accustomed in the East to buy

oysters by the quart, when they attempt to repeat their purchases

here, is almost painful. A quart of oysters is something which few

people in San Francisco ever call their own. Of course I do not

98 THE NAUTILUS.

refer to the canned article, which may be bought for reasonable

prices, but to the fresh and delicious bivalve, just “ tonged ” up from

the waters of the bay.

But there is some reason for these high prices, for the dealer must

first pay the fare of every one of these mollusks for a journey of

three thousand miles. Of course they do not come in palace cars,

but they must be hurried through on almost express time, because

their intense desire for the sea will brock no delay. They detest

the prairies, and care nothing for Rocky Mountain scenery ; all they

ask for is the ocean brine, and if they cannot have it speedily, they

grieve their lives away on the road.

They are brought here in barrels, from Baltimore and other

cities, when their shells are about the size of quarter or half dollars.

Immediately after their arrival they are emptied upon rafts and

towed to certain flats near the shores of the bay. When in the

proper locality, the oyster-man takes up a shovelful of the young

oysters and sows them into the water, as the farmer sows the seed-

grain upon the furrows. As the raft is moved, he scatters more of

the shelly seed and drives down poles to mark the bounderies of his

new sown field. After lying at the bottom for a year or two, they

are fished up upon the raft again. They have grown, some more

than others, and are more or less aggregated into clusters. These

clumps are broken up and the larger oysters are put by themselves.

The smaller ones are thrown back, while the larger ones are trans-

ferred to an adjoining flat, or, if they are large enough, they are

taken to the market. Usually, however, they live in our waters

some three or four years before they are of sufficient size to be most

profitable.

“ But don’t they multiply?” you may ask. Very little. They

produce eggs in abundance, but few of them mature, and it has al-

ways been found necessary to bring young oysters from the Kast.

Why the young fry do not survive I cannot say, but I believe it is

because the ocean water here, even in summer, remains quite cold ;

too cold, probably, for the delicate infants whose ancestors have

been accustomed to downright summer weather, during the “ no-R”

months. A few hardy ones do survive, however, and may in time

produce a more robust race, but it is hinted that the dealers do not

look upon them with great favor, as they find it more profitable to

pay the freight—and keep up the prices.

THE NAUTILUS. 99

The second mollusk on our list is also an oyster, but it is a very

little one, the Ostrea lurida Cpr., or, as it is commonly called, the

native or Oregon oyster. It lives in various places along the west-

ern coast, but is most abundant in the vicinity of Puget Sound.

The shell is thin, and is seldom more than two inches in length.

This oyster is very palatable, however, what there is of it, which is

not much, and a sufficient number of them make an excellent stew.

They are sold for about fifty cents a hundred, but the trade is lim-

ited.

The third species is a common creature, cheap enough for com-

mon people to use freely. Unlike the aristocratic oyster, it came to

us unbidden ; and more unlike still, it thrives and propagates and

multiplies exceedingly. It is the Mya arenaria Linn., the real soft-

shelled clam of Rhode Island, and “all along shore.’ Unknown in

San Franéisco Bay before 1874, it suddenly appeared, and in a few

years the mud-flats around Oakland and Alameda became one of its

most favorite breeding places, and the smooth surface at low tide

resembles the top of a pepper box. This mollusk quickly grows to

a large size and while lacking the delicious flavor of the oyster, it

makes a very acceptable chowder. Great numbers of these clams are

dug at low tide by the Chinese, and are retailed by them for a very

moderate price. The Mya certainly holds the second place in re-

spect to importance, and even disputes with the oyster for the first

honors.

The puzzle of its sudden and recent advent can probably be solved

by remembering what has been written about the oysters. It is

likely that a few humble clams came in the oyster barrels as stowa-

ways, unthought of and unknown; but lo, they made good speed to

fill the bay with their descendants, while the infant oyster pines and

dies for warmer water.

The “ Hard-shelled Clam,” Zapes staminea Conr., holds the fourth

place among the merchantable mollusks of our coast. This is a var-

iable species, some of the varieties growing to the size of a large

hen’s egg; but most of the specimens found in the markets are

smaller. The shell is thick and strong, oval in form, and is orna-

mented with numerous fine ribs which radiate from the umbones.

Its color is white or light gray, dashed with more or less stripes or

chevrons of brownish purple. This mollusk loves the seacoast, and

makes its burrows in gravelly orstony bottoms, instead of affecting

muddy flats like the Mya. They are gathered somewhat sparingly,

100 THE NAUTILUS.

most of the supply for this market coming from Tomales Bay, and

are sold at moderate rates.

The edible mussel, Mytilus edulis Linn., is also to be found in the

markets, though in small quantities, and apparently it is not in very

great demand. Most of the specimens are of the small, smooth, dark

purple variety, and average about two inches in length. They live

in the bay, and attach themselves in great numbers to the piling of

the wharves and similar stable objects to which they may fasten

their strong byssus of horny threads. Along the coast outside of the

bay, the larger mussel, Mytulus Californianus Conr., lives in great

numbers, attached to the shaggy rocks which border the ocean, and

sometimes grows to the length of eight or ten inches. This species

is also edible, and the orange colored flesh of hot mussels, roasted

in a fire of drift-wood, and seasoned with the sauce of sea-breeze

hunger, has a delicious flavor which is not soon forgotten.

Occasionally you may find one or two other mollusks in the mar-

kets, but seldom. I have seen the large Cardium corbis Mart., and

the Chinese eat the Squid, while the Frenchmen sometimes secures

on the sly a big Helix ; but these five species, two oysters, two clams

and a mussel, are all that are commonly exposed for sale.

A NEW SPECIES OF LIMPET FROM JAPAN.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Patella (Helcioniscus) Stearnsii, N. Sp.

This is a form of Patella resembling outside the P. exarata Nutt.,

of the Sandwich Islands. It is the size of that species but usually

somewhat more elevated. Color blackish-brown, with rays of white

or greenish; dull and lusterless. Outside sculptured with about

50-56 strong, more or less nodose riblets, separated by deeply cut

furrows. Interior bluish-white, but stained darker in places by the

color of the outside, showing through; the area inside the muscle-

impression of a rich chestnut-brown color. Around the margin are

alternate blotches of blackish-brown and white, the blackish usually

predominating ; edge scalloped. The ribbing of the outside is not

nearly so plainly indicated in the interior as in P. exarata, and in

the space between the muscle-impression and the more vividly col-

ored marginal border, very fine, interrupted concentric wrinkles may

THE NAUTILUS. 101

be seen. This is a character not shown by P. exarata. The interior

as a whole is somewhat iridescent.

Alt. 21, length 38, breadth 29 mill. Another specimen measures,

alt. 18, length 41, breadth 513 mill.

Specimens were procured by Mr. Frederick Stearns of Detroit,

Michigan, on the coast of Japan, Kii Province.

It is possibly the form referred to by Dunker as P. exarata. From

that species it may be distinguished by many characters, such as

coloration, that species having black ribs on a whitish ground, and

a milky-white interior, whilst Stearnsii has blackish rays, covering

several ribs and their interstices, and a chestnut-brown area inside

the muscle-attachment. The peculiar sculpture of the inside is also

of itself diagnostic. Dunker (Index Moll. Maris Japonici, p. 157)

also mentions Patella mazatlanica Gray in connection with his “ ex-

arata.’ This shell is really a native of Chili, not Mazatlan! Dr.

Ruschenberger collected specimens at Concepcion, which correspond

exactly with Gray’s figures (Beechey’s Voy., Zool., pl. 39, fig. 12.)

It is a more straightly conical form than P. exarata, differently col-

ored outside, and having a small chestnut-brown area inside the

muscle-impression ; this area being much smaller than in P. Stearnsii,

which also differs from it in the sculpture of the interior described

above. Gray called his species “ mazatlandica.”

Figures of P. Stearnsii will be given in Mr. Stearns’ catalogue of

the shells collected by him during his travels in Japan, now in press.

MOLLUSCA OF THE UNITED STATES.

BY JOHN H. CAMPBELL, PHILADELPHIA.

The project of establishing a great National Collection of United

States Mollusca, through the co-operation of members of the Amer-

ican Association of Conchologists, has been received with such favor,

that it is but a question of time when the collection will be one of

the finest special exhibits in the world. The Philadelphia Academy

of Natural Sciences, (through its Conchological Conservator) has

offered facilities for the permanent exhibition and preservation of

the collection, and already a goodly number of fine shells has been

received and mounted.

With the preparation and mounting of the specimens, comes the

question of correctly naming them; and herein is presented the most

102 THE NAUTILUS.

perplexing confusion of nomenclature. Hundreds of synonyms en-

cumber the literature on the subject, disputes as to specific and

varietal rank and even whether or not some inoffending little shell

belongs to this or that genus or family, confuse the student and al-

most compel him to throw up his studies in despair.

The very thought of these disputes almost deferred the writer

from making a beginning, but as faint heart never won fair lady, we

have plunged into the work, and with the help of our colleagues

throughout America will do our best to successfully carry it on.

And out of this determination has grown another idea, viz. : the settle-

ment of. the nomenclature of American shells, by means of the

publication, from time to time, as the shells are received, of carefully

compiled catalogues of the different species arranged mto genera and

families and the elimination of the hundreds of useless synonyms

now to be met with in “ shell literature.”

As everything must have a beginning, we have concluded to start

the work with this number of the Nauriius, and taking the first

family that is already represented in the Collection by all the United

States species,—the Haliotidee—give a catalogue of the species,

synonymy etc., connected with it.

As a sample of the method of procedure, we will state that out of

diffidence concerning our own knowledge, we have consulted such

specialists as Dr. J. G. Cooper, G. W. Lichtenthaler, H. A. Pilsbry,

Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, Professor Josiah Keep, R. E. C. Stearns

and Henry Hemphill and after comparing the information gathered

from them, have passed judgment, and commited our own views to

the kind consideration of the readers of the NAurrius, inviting

their friendly criticism, and promising them that we are sufficiently

humble in spirit to cheerfully correct any errors in our lists which-

may be pointed out to us.

With this long preamble we present the Haliotidae, and from

time to time as the collection grows and it contains the material to

make comparisons, we will continue to print other lists of the same

character.

FAMILY HALIOTIDZ.

The latest monograph of the family is contained in Pilsbry’s con-

tinuation of Tryon’s Manual of Conchology, Vol. XII, p. 72, ete.

The family contains but one genus—Haliotis.

THE NAUTILUS. 103

Genus HALIOTIS Linnzeus.

1. CracHEeRopiI Leach. Fallarones Ids. to San Diego, Cal. ; Cape

St. Lucas, Lower Cal. ; fossil in Quaternary, San Pedro, Cal.

—Zool. Mise. 131, 1815.

Haliotis glabra Deshayes; Haliotis glabra Schubert & Wagner ;

Haliotis Californiensis Swainson ;- Haliotis Cracherodii Leach, var.

Californiensis Swainson ; Haliotis interrupta Valenciennes.

2. Asstmiuis Dall. Monterey and San Diego, Cal., deep water

only.—Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1876, i, 46 ; Smithsonian Miscellaneous

Col., vol. 19.

Haliotis (? var.) assimilis Dall.

3. CorRuGATA Gray. San Diego and Catalina Ids., Cal.

Wood’s Index Test., Supplt., 1828.

Haliotis nodosa Philippi.

4. FutGens Philippi. Monterey Bay, Cal. to La Paz and Cape

St. Lucas, Lower Cal. Zeitschr. f. Mal., 1845, p. 150.

Haliotis splendens Reeve; Haliotis planilirata Reeve.

5. GIGANTEA Chemnitz. Monterey, Cal. to Kamtschatka ; Japan.

Conchylien Cab. X, p. 115, pl. 167, f. 1610, 1611; Gmelin, Syst.

Nat. p. 3691.

Haliotis Kamtschatkana Jonas; Haliotis gigantea Chemnitz, var.

Kamtschatkana (Jonas) Pilsbry.

6. Rurescens Swainson. Mendocino Co., to San Nicholas Id.

Cal.; San Diego, Cal.; beach to 10 fathoms; fossil in Quaternary,

San Pedro, and San Nicholas Id., Cal.

Catalogue Bligh Collection, Appendix p. 2, 1822.

? Haliotis ponderosa, C. B. Adams; Haliotis Californiana, Valen-

clennes.

List of Synonyms.

Californiana Val.—rufescens Swn.

Californiensis Swn.—Cracherodii Leach.

Discus Reeve—not found in the U.S.

Glabra Desh.—Cracherodii Leach.

Glabra Schub. & Wagner—Cracherodii Leach.

Kamtschatkana Jonas—gigantea Chemn.

Interrupta Val.=juy. Cracherodii Leach,

Nodosa Phil.=corrugata Gray.

Planilirata Reeve=juv. fulgens Phil.

Ponderosa C. B. Ad.=? rufescens Swn.

104 THE NAUTILUS.

Pourtalesii Dall—not found in U.S.

Splendens Reeve—fulgens Phil.

Notes.

1. H. Pourtalesii Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xviii, 395, is said to have been dredged [one

specimen] in 200 fathoms, near Florida Reefs, by Pourtales, in 1869, but as the specimen was de-

stroyed in the great Chicago fire, and none has been found since, we may dismiss it from the list

of United States species, especially as no other specimen or species of Haliotis is known to have

been found on the East Coast of America.

2. It seems to us a pity that H. fulgens Phil. should be substituted for the well known and

generally used name of H. splendens Reeve. The law of priority of description should give way

in exceptional cases of merit, but as Mr. Pilsbry in Tryon’s Manual has made the substitution,

and some of the specialists to whom we have written agree with him, it is perhaps as well to ac-

cede to the change. so as to have the name of the shell settled.

3. A fine series of shells in the Academy collection, seems to prove that Haliotis Kamtschat-

kana Jonas passes imperceptibly into Haliotis gigantea Chemn. The home of the species is

Japan, and it reaches its highest development there, extending northward around the Coast of

Asia to the West Coast of America and reaching as far south as Monterey, Cal. getting smaller

in proportion to its distance from Japan. We see no reason for making it a variety.

4. Mr. Henry Hemphill of San Diego, Cal. says of Haliotis assimilis Dall: ‘‘ It has a certain

aspect of its own. Its habits are different from any of the other forms, being a deep-water and

nota littoral shell, while all the other Haliotis are found between tides. I have always considered

it a hybrid between H. corrugata and H. splendens, on account of its having an intermediate

aspect about it.

[CoNTRIBUTED. ]

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

DECEMBER 31, 1890.

Since last announcement the following new members have been

enrolled : |

124. T. H. Aldrich, Blocton, Ala. Tertiary fossils of Atlantic

Coast.

125. Dr. Wm. H. DeCamp, Grand Rapids, Mich. Michigan

Mollusca.

126. Wm. H. Weeks, Jr., Brooklyn, N. Y. Bulimus (genus).

127. Dr. Fred. Stein, Indianapolis, Ind.

128. Francisco E. Blanes, Key West, Fla.

129. Capt. W. J. Farrer, Orange, Va. Land and F. W. Shells of

Virginia.

Mr. James H. Morrison has removed from Lexington, Va. to

Luray Inn, Va.

We occasionally receive letters from members inquiring about ex-

changing shells. There is no obligation on the part of the members

THE NAUTILUS. 105

to exchange shells. That is a matter which rests entirely with the

members themselves. We would suggest, however, that members

desiring to exchange specimens would announce the fact in the Nav-

TILus, through the Secretary, and in that way they might add to

their collections.

It is an obligation of membership to assist each other with in-

formation, where possible, and no member should hesitate to address

another if he requires help in his studies. As far as possible, mem-

bers desiring information upon any special point should address the

members whose specialties will designate them as likely to be pos-

sessed of the requisite knowledge. A student of marine mollusca

should not be asked to name Goniobases or Unionidae and vice

versa. The entire range of Conchology both recent and fossil is

now covered by members, and there should be no difficulty in gain-

ing all the knowledge that can be acquired through correspondence.

We have ever fonnd the members kind and courteous, as well as

patient, in answering queries and aiding us to settle disputed points.

The more correspondence, the more beneficial will be the existence

of the Association.

Donations to United States Collection.

The publishers of the NauTILus cannot give us the space to print

itemized lists of all the shells received, as was done in the last two

numbers, but we will continue to acknowledge from month to month,

but in less extended form, the donations to the collection. The

following additions to previous lists show the rapid progress of the

collection.

G. W. Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, Ill.—51 species of West Coast

Shells, including Triton (Priene) Oregonensis, Redf. Port Town-

send, Wash.; Astralium undosum, Wood, Rincon Pt. Cal. ;

Sadidomus Nuttallii, Conrad, Alaska; Pecten hastatus, Sby.

var. Hindsii, Cpr., Squimalt Bay, B.C. ; Mures festivus, Hinds,

False Bay, Cal. ; Macomasecta, Conrad, Alaska; Nassa tegula,

Reeve, San Diego, Cal.; Macoma inquinata, Desh., Alaska;

Chama spinosa, Sby. and exogyra, Conrad ; five species of Chi-

tons; Acmaea persona, Esch., scabra, Nutt., patina, Esch. and

pelta, Esch. ; Solecurtus Californianus, Conrad, San Pedro Bay,

Cal.; Pecten bella, Conrad, Pliocene, Santa Barbara, Cal. ;

and also several fine sections of shells, showing the interior

structure.

C. Antoinette Shepard, New Britain, Conn.—Strophia Floridana,

Dall, and Venus penita Conrad, Miocene Silex Beds, Tampa,

106 THE NAUTILUS.

Fla.; a fine suite of Strombus bituberculatus, Lam., Key West,

Fla. and seven other Florida marine species.

John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa.—a huge pair of Ostrea Virginica,

Gmel., Staten Id., N. J.; Cardium magnum, Born, Key West,

Fla.; Asaphis deflorata, Linn., Elbow Key, Fla.; and several

others.

Chas. Le R. Wheeler, Cape May, N. J—Very fine, large specimens

of Fuigur carica, Gmel and canaliculata, Say, from Cape May ;

Cytherea convexa, Say, same locality ; Natica duplicata, Say

and heros, Say, same locality, and several others.

Joseph Willcox, Philadelphia, Pa—A number of scarce and fossil

species including Buecinopusus paralis, Conrad, Miocene, St.

Mary’s Md.; Venus tridacnoides, Lam, Miocene, York R., Va. ;

Cardium Dalli, Heilpr.; Pliocene, Caloosahatchie, Fla.; Pecten

Madisonius, Say, Miocene, Calvert Co., Md.; Calliostoma en-

glyptum, A. Ad., 5. W. Fla.

Albert Bailey, Chepachet, N. Y.—Over 20 species of land shells

of Herkimer Co. N. Y., including Helix albolabris, Say, monod-

on, Rack., Sayii, Binn., exoleta, Binn., elevata, Say, Mitchelliana,

Lea and dentifera, Binn.; Vitrina limpida, Gould ; five species

of Zonites and four of Succinea.

Dr. W.S. Strode, Bernadotte, H11.—A box of Unionidae from Spoon

R., I1., including Union heros, Say (very large) ; ligamentinus,

Lam.; laevisisimus, Lea; tuberculatus, Barnes; trigonus, Lea

and rectus, Lam. Also fine specimens of Anodonta subor-

biculata, Say and Margaritana complanata, Lea.

Wm. J. McGinty, Philadelphia, Pa—Unio orbiculatus, Hildr.,

Unio cylindricus, Say ; Unio crassidens, Lam. ; and Cooperianus,

all from the Ohio R.

Wm. J. Raymond, Oakland, Cal.—Ten species of West Coast Shells,

including Oliveila boetica, Cooper, San Diego, Cal. ; Mopalia

Hindsii, Gray, San Francisco, Cal.; Monoceros engonatum,

Conrad, Bolinas, Cal. and Purpura saxicola, Val. San Francisco,

Cal.

Uselma C. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa—Conus Californicus, Hinds,

San Diego, Cal.; Nassa trivittata, Say and obsoleta, Say, At-

lantic City, N. J.; Siliqua costata, Say, Avalon, N. J. and

others,—all fine suites.

Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, University, Cal—vVery interesting

suites of Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach and Lottia gigantea, Gray,

San Pedro Bay, Cal.

THE NAUTILUS. 107

Philip Nell, Philadelphia, Pa.—Physa ancillaria, Say, and hetero-

stropia, Say ; Succinea obliqua, Say, and Helix hirsuta, Say—

all from Philadelphia.

Geo. W. Dean, Kent, O.—Several species of the smaller species of

land shells from Kent, Ohio, including Zonites milium, Morse ;

multidentatus, Binn and exiguus, Stimp.; Helix labyrinthica,

Say, and Pupa milium, Gould. It is just as important to have

the minute species as the larger ones and we are glad to see

some of the members paying attention to them.

John H. Campbell, Philadelphia, Pa——Natica Lewisii, Gld., Puget

Sd. Wash.; Columbella carinata, Hinds. with its varieties,

Hindsii, gausipata, Californica, Gouldii and others.

Dr. V. Sterki, New Philadelphia, O.—Several species of Pupa and

Vertigo including Pupa Holzingeri Sterki and Pupa procera

Gould.

Total, 115 genera, 242 species, 252 trays.

GENERAL NOTES.

SPECIMENS OF SUCCINEA AND ANCYLUS are desired by Prof.

B. Shimek, 219 Bloomington St., Iowa City, Iowa. A large list of

land, fresh-water and marine shells are offered in exchange.

AUSTRALIAN Limax. Weare informed by Mr. Charles Hedley of

the Queensland Museum, that Limax Queenslandicus Hedley is

identified by Dr. Simroth as Agriolimax levis Miller; which, it

seems, has established itself in Australia—H. A. P.

The attention of our readers is called to the advertisement of Mr.

Hueu Futroy, in this number of the Nautitus. Mr. Fulton was

for over fourteen years, assistant to G. B. Sowerby, esq., F. L. 8., of

London, before commencing business for himself. Speaking from

our own experience, we can as cordially recommend him to con-

chologists desiring foreign shells, as we do HENRY HEMPHILL to

those wishing to purchase American mollusks.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Tue Loess anp 17s Fosstrs, by Prof. B. Shimek. (from Bull.

Lab. N. H. State Univ. Iowa, 1890.) This well-considered paper

contains observations on the fossils of the Loess in western Iowa

and eastern Nebraska. Zonites Shimekii has been found in Otoe

Co., Neb. and Tremont Co., Iowa, localities far to the west of the

original find, Iowa City, Iowa. Prof. Shimek’s conclusions respect-

108 THE NAUTILUS.

ing the physical conditions of the time of the Loess deposit strongly

recommend themselves to us. Not much evidence of colder climate

than now prevails over the same district can be derived from the

fossils, which differ but slightly, when at all, from recent specimens

from the same locality. Mr. Shimek concludes that—

The climate was comparatively uniform during the entire period, if we may judge from the

fossils, for the same forms are often found from the very base, just over the drift, to the upper-

most portions of deposits one hundred feet or more in thickness. No difference is noticeable be-

tween specimens of the same species from the lowermost and the uppermost portions of the de-

posits,—a fact which warrants us in concluding that climatic changes during the deposition of the

Loess could not have been very great. The fact may here again be emphasized that while a de-

pauperation is noticeable in some of the species, it is far from sufficient to indicate a temperature

such as would be necessary to retain lakes and streams within shores of ice during the summer,

and that consequently the Loess was not deposited during a glacial climate, but at a time when the

temperature had moderated sufficiently to enable many land-shells, now restricted to or abundant

in middle latitudes, to flourish in considerable numbers.

The great predominance of strictly terrestrial species ot molluscs in the Loess indicate that

during its deposition large areas of land-surface were exposed, at least during the greater part of

the summer, upon which these molluscs lived and multiplied under conditions which exist now in

the habitats of their modern representatives.

For the belief that the fossils as now fonnd are not far removed from the localities in which they

lived and developed, a number of valid reasons exist, the most striking of which are the following:

1. Thetr usually perfect preservation. Such delicate shells as many of those under con-

sideration could not be transported far by turbulent streams without being broken.

2. Their distribution, both vertically and horizontally. In many exposures of the Leess the

species which to-day have the habit of remaining in considerable numbers in very restricted

localities, as Helicina occulta, Patula strigosa cooperi, Mesodon multilineata, the Limnee, etc.,

are likewise similarly restricted in their horizontal distribution to very narrow “ pockets,”

though the same species may often be traced vertically for many feet, as though the shells had

gradually accumulated through many generations. Again other species are more generally and

more uniformly distributed in a manner which recalls their present habits, and which indicates

that they have not drifted into the places in which we find them to-day, —at least not sufficiently

far to disturb the arrangement with reference to each other, which we may observe in the living

specimens.

The writer’s conception of the climate and of the origin of the Loess, based largely upon a care-

ful and extended study of its fossils, may be briefly summarized as follows :

I. The summers during the formation of this deposit were comparatively warm, and the

glaciers had already retreated far to the north when the deposition commenced.

Il. During at least a part of the summers a large portion of the area now covered by the Loess

was elevated above the surface of water, as indicated by the presence of the predominating land

shells.

III. These shells, too, indicate that the surface was not entirely unlike our present prairies in

Iowa and Nebraska, though perhaps more moist, and more nearly level.

VI. The presence of shells of the genera Limnea, Physa, Planorbis, and Pistdium, which

are principally pond species, indicates that over this prairie surface were scattered numerous

ponds and that it was traversed by quiet, sluggish streams.

V. The distribution of the shells as well as the homogeneity and fineness of the material form-

ing the deposit indicate that the deposition was unaccompanied by violent disturbances, but

tharit took place quietly, and very slowly during a long period. :

VI. The deposit itself was probably partly formed from sediment carried over portions of the

surface by quiet overflows of the sluggish streams which had not yet deeply cut their channels.

The numerous ponds, however, fed by the drainage in their immediate vicinity, were also receiv-

ing with this the finer material gathered from the glacial drift surrounding them. This material

being like that gathered by the streams, would form similar deposits, each pond or swamp form-

ing in this way a bed of Loess. The changes in the level of water in the ponds would produce a

change in the extent of the muddy flats along their shores, thus facilitating the distribution of the

terrestrial shells. These ponds and streams, by shifting about through the combined influence,

of floods and drouths, extended the distribution of the sediment, and subsequent erosion completed

the work necessary to produce the present topography.

VEZ, 214.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) 10cts. a copy.

Tre

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pirtssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. IV. FEBRUARY, 1891. No. 10.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

FORMS OF AMERICAN CARYCHIUM. H. A. Pilsbry. . : : . 109

Notrs ON Mr. HEMPHILL’s CATALOGUE. Chas. T. Simpson. : . 110

EDIBLE MOLLUSKS OF MAINE. Henry Winckley. . : ; - 112

LisT OF MOLLUSCA OF GLOUCESTER Co., N. J. Wm. J. Fox. : . 113

A CATALOGUE OF CONCHOLOGICAL ABBREVIATIONS. F, C. Baker. . . 115

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. (Contributed.) : gl

GENERAL NOTES. : : 3 : 5 : , - 120

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill:

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

li THE NAUTILUS.

North American Shells for Sale.

The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good

colleciions of North American shells at moderate prices.

New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names

of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price

20 cts., free on all orders of one dollar and over.

Address

HENRY HEMPHILL,

Py Os Doxa: San Diego, Cal.

The West American Scientist. | “3

AN TULUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,

The reqular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.

PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00

ADVERTISINC RATES AS FOLLOWS:

One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.

Yearly contracts rated as ten months.

“ Decidedly the best of its class.”’—Gro. W. TRYON, JR.

C. R. ORCUTT, EpIToR AND PUBLISHER,

Orcutt, San Diego County, California.

CIGAR SPECIALTIES.

ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.

CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER.

$5.00 PER HUNDRED.

“OTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred.

In 50 and 100 Boxes.

BIND EY AGKER é CO. Zs Na Sth St. Phila rae

Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U.S. Write for information

Pia Ae

Wome Lvs FEBRUARY, 1891. No. 10.

FORMS OF AMERICAN CARYCHIUM.

BY Hy A. PIDSBRY.

The forms of Carychium found in America have all been referred

to the one species exiguum by Mr. Binney. In examining a series

collected by Mr. Geo. W. Dean of Kent, Ohio, referred to me by my

friend John Ford, I found a certain form which Mr. Dean con-

sidered distinct. It is far more slender than ordinary exiguwm.

The amount of difference is considerable, and only the extreme

minuteness of the shells has prevented conchologists generally from

recognizing it. One conchologist however, has done so:—Henry

Carey Lea, Apostle of microscopic shells! The forms may be distin-

guished thus:

C. exiguum Say, (typical). Rather cylindrical, the next to the

last whorl nearly equaling the last in diameter; mouth one-third

(or more) the length of shell; outer lip thickened, expanded, some-

times obsoletely thickened, scarcely toothed, in the middle. This is

by far the most abundant and generally distributed form.

C. exiquum var. exile H.C. Lea. Much slenderer than the pre-

ceding, longer, more distinctly striated ; mouth smaller, less than

one-third the total length of shell; outer lip thickened, often dis-

tinctly toothed in the middle. Specimens described are from Kent,

Ohio.

C. exiguum var. occidentalis Pilsbry. Somewhat larger than

typical exiguum, distinctly conical, not at all cylindrical, acute ;

outer lip expanded, thin, not at all toothed. It is from Portland,

Oregon.

110 THE NAUTILUS.

The writer proposes to figure the forms later. I may say that

Mr. Ford concurs with me in the arrangement of varieties here offered.

The entire series of American Carychium is closely allied to C.

minimum of Europe, and doubtless sprang from the same circum-

polar stock.

NOTES ON Mr. HEMPHILL’S CATALOGUE.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

In a late number of THe Navrtitus the editor’ called attention

to the catalogue of shells recently issued by Mr. Henry Hemphill,

(in which he has made a considerable reduction in the number of

species) and asked for the opinions of students throughout the

country. As Mr. Hemphill is known to all to be a most careful

collector, and a close observer of the facts connected with the lives

and surroundings of Mollusks, such a reduction by him of the

number of our hitherto acknowledged species is, as has been

remarked, rather startling, and is, on account of the prominence of

its author entitled to at least careful consideration.

It seems to me that the time is near at hand for quite a change in

our ideas concerning the classification of the forms of organic life

and their variations. The old idea which has so long prevailed,

that species were formed by an act of creation, fixed and unchange-

able, as coins are stamped out at a mint; that genera and higher

groups have an invariable limit, is fast becoming obsolete, and we

are being daily forced by stubborn facts to learn that variation is

the rule and fixity the rare exception, that the limits of species and

the higher groups of forms are very often vague, or so absolutely

uncertain as to be impossible to define. By far the greater num-

ber of scientists believe in the theory of evolution in some form or

other, and hold that all the existing animals and plants are but the

direct descendants of other and extinct species, that the infinite vari-

ation which is found is caused largely by environment and other

circumstances connected with the life of the organism. In the Uni-

ted States we should expect to find an excellent field for such varia-

tion.

1 The article on Mr. Hemphill’s Catalogue to which allusion is made was not

written by the Editor, It was contributed by the officers of the American

Association of Conchologists.—EDb.

THE NAUTILUS. iL

Its continental area, its diversity of climate from the boreal re-

gions of the British possessions to the very borderland of the tropics,

its wide streches of plains, varying from forest covered to entirely

naked, the difference in the height of its mountains, its areas of

almost perpetual humidity which shade out into desert regions,

would give just the conditions necessary for the wide distribution of

species, and for great and gradual variation. Such wide distribu-

tion and variation we find with most of our forms of mollusks.

Various methods have been proposed by which these lesser varia-

tions may be designated. Some have classed them as varieties of

species, giving to each a varietal name, others have resorted to let-

tering or numbering, while the ornithologists of America class them

as sub-species. The New School of Conchologists of Europe seeks

away out of the difficulty by applying specific names to a great

many of the minor variations, and generic names to small and ill-

defined groups of species. Unfortunately for such systems of nomen-

clature, variation does not always occur in a lineal direction, or in

other words, from one genus or species directly to another, but often

seems to be broken up so that certain forms or groups combine the

characters of several other forms or groups, and appear very much

like hybrids.

In the wonderful series of Patula, beginning with elevated shells

with rounded whorls and strong radiating ribs known as Helix Ida-

hoensis which varies gradually through the less elevated and smoother

forms of Cooperi and strigosa, to Hemphilli and Haydeni which are

lenticular and sharply keeled with strong revolving sculpture, we

find such irregular varieties or natural hybrids, which hardly admit

of naming. Elevated forms are not rare, having radiating sculp-

ture and sharp keels, in others of the same general form the ridges

are revolving, thus partaking more or less of the characters of Ida-

hoensis and Hemphilli; and greatly flattened shells are met with,

without keels and with more or less decussated or even radiating

sculpture, in fact in the 1500 or more specimens of this protean form

in the collection of the National Museum, one can observe this

crossing of characters in almost every direction. To attempt to

designate these hybrids, if such they are, by name is simply an im-

possibility. The argument is put forth by many that it is better to

give any form a name than to have to describe it every time, it is

mentioned, but to carry it out one could apply fifty names to the

variations of Melongena corona or Cyrena Floridana, or twice that

fa THE NAUTILUS.

number to the color varieties of Oliva inflata, Helix picta or varians,

and to designate all the forms of the above mentioned group of

Patula would seriously tax the brain of the most ardent devotee of

New School doctrines.

Another way out of the difficulty is by throwing together under

one name those things which cannot be separated, as Fischer has

done to some extent with genera, and Tryon with species. The con-

solidation by Dr. Dall of Helix microdonta, Febigeri, septemvolva,

Carpenteriana and cereolus, under the latter and older name ; the

union of the group of Patulas I have mentioned under a single ap-

pellation, and Mr. Pilsbry’s somewhat startling announcement put-

ting such genera as Mesodon, Polygyra, Triodopsis and Stenotrema

into one group, are examples which I believed are approved by the

good sense of a majority of American Conchologists. Mr. Hemp-

hill has simply gone a little farther in the direction which these

gentlemen have moved, and I. believed there is a wide field here in

the United States for further work in the same way. I do not

believe in naming or holding on to names for those things which

have neither beginning nor end.

EDIBLE MOLLUSKS OF MAINE.

BY HENRY WINCKLEY.

As a supplement to the article by Prof. Keep in the January

Navutiuus, and in accordance with his suggestion, Maine responds

to California with the following list of Mollusks found in the

markets.

Ostrea virginica (Gmel). As in all Eastern States this is by far

the most popular food mollusk ; they are obtained from the South,

v. e. from Providence to Norfolk, Va. There is a small bed of living

oysters in the Sheepscote River, some fifteen miles from the sea, and

occasionally a few are obtained and eaten by some energetic indi-

vidual ; they are not numerous and hence do not find their way to

the markets.

Mya arenaria Linn., is largely used and abounds everywhere

along the coast. It is an inexpensive food and used by all classes.

Large quantities are canned.

THE NAUTILUS. latte

Pecten tenwicostatus Mighels & Adams. This last species is quite

an important article of food in the winter season, and probably is

not found in any market to the south of this state. It has asa

rival the popular Pecten irradians imported from Long Island

Sound, but is common in our markets.

Mactra solidissima Chemnitz. The presence of this species in

the market is somewhat dependent upon thestorms. Some weather

brings them out and at such times they can be bought. They

occupy a place in the mollusks like that of game birds among the

feathered population, very popular and when obtained in small

quantities, as is frequently the case, it gets no further than the table

of the finder, who rejoices over his good work. It is much prized.

Venus mercenaria Linn. Occurs at one spot on the coast, I have

not seen it in the markets, whether it is occasionally used or not I

am not sure.

In addition to the above, I do not know of any that can be

reported as commonly used. Others are found; the edible muscle

abounds, but is not sold. Solen ensis sometimes makes a meal for a

lucky man who chances to obtain a sufficient quantity, but these

are chances rather than regular market food.

LIST OF MOLLUSCA OF GLOUCESTER CO., N. J.

BY WM. J. FOX.

The following list includes all the species of Mollusca collected

in Gloucester Co., N. J. from June to September, 1890. It is with-

out doubt far from being complete, as my specialty being Insects, I

could devote but little time to collecting shells. Southern New Jer-

sey being but little frequented and unprofitable to shell collectors,

being for the most part sandy soil, this list may prove of some inter-

est to the readers of the Nauritus. For the determination of these

species, I am indebted to Mr. H. A. Pilsbry.

LIMACID&.

Limax sp.

Zonites ligerus Say, var. Stonei Pilsbry.

Zonites arboreus Say.

Zonites radiatulus Alder.

Zonites indentatus Say.

114 THE NAUTILUS.

Zonites minuseulus Binn.

Zonites suppressus Say.

HELIcIDA.

Patula striatella Anth.

Patula lineata Say.

Punctum pygmaeum minutissimum Lea.

Helix thyroides Say.

Helix albolabris Say.

PUPID&.

Pupa contracta Say.

Vertigo sp. (juv.)

SuccINEID&.

Suecinea avara Say.

Suecinea obliqua Say.

Succinea ovalis Gould.

LIMNAEID.

Limnea catascopium Say.

Limneea humilis Say.

Planorbis trivolvus Say.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say.

Planorbis parvus Say.

Planorbula armigera Say.

Ancylus rivularis Say.

PHYSIDE.

Physa ancillaria Say.

AURICULIDA.

Carychium exiguum Say.

VIVIPARID.

Campeloma decisum Say.

Lioplax subcarinata Say.

AMNICOLID&.

Amnicola limosa Say.

Amnicola grana Say.

Pomatiopsis lapidaria Say.

Somatogyrus altilis Lea.

VALVATID.

Valvata bicarinata Lea.

THE NAUTILUS. le:

STREPOMATIDE.

Goniobasis virginica Gmel.

CoRBICULID&.

Sphaerium transversum Say.

Sphaerium striatinum Lam.

Pisidium virginicum Gmel.

UnIonip&,

Unio complanatus Sol.

Unio cariosus Say.

Unio nasutus Say.

Anodonta Tryonii Lea.

A CATALOGUE OF CONCHOLOGICAL ABBREVIATIONS.

BY F. C. BAKER, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Garr. or Grt. Garrett, Andrew. American.

Gld Gould, Dr. A. A. American.

Gmel. Gmelin, J. F. German.

Greg. Gregorio, Antonio de. Italian.

Gundl. Gundlach, J. Cuban.

Guild. Guilding, L. English.

Gut. Gutierrez. Cuban.

H. & J. Hombron & Jacquinot. French.

Hald. Haldeman, 8. 8. American.

Hanl. Hanley, Sylvanius. English.

Hartm. Hartmann, D. W. Swiss.

Heyn. Heynemann, D. F. German.

Hds. Hinds, R. B. English.

Hombr. Hombron, M. French.

Humph. Humphreys, J. D. English.

Hutt. Hutton, F. W. English. New Zealand.

Jacq. Jacquinot, H. French.

Jeftr. Jeffreys, J. G. English.

Jouss. Jousseaume, Dr. French.

116

Kien.

Kreg].

Kiist.

Lam.

Lindstr.

Linn.

Mab.

Mart.

Midd.

Mich.

Migh.

Mke.

Mtg. or Mont.

Montf.

Montr.

Monts.

Mouss.

Mogq.-Tand.

Mill.

Newe.

Nutt.

Payr.

Parr.

Pir:

Phil.

Pse.

Q. & G.

THE NAUTILUS.

Kiener, L. C.

Kreglinger, G.

Kuster, H.€.

Lamarck, M. le Chev.

Lindstrom, G.

Linné (Linnezus,) Carl von.

Mabille, M. P.

Martyn, Thos.

Middendorf, A. T. von.

Michaud, A. L. G.

Mighels, J. W.

Menke, C. T.

Montagu, G.

Montfort, Denys de.

Montrouzier, M.

Monterosato, M. di.

Mousson, A.

Moquin-Tandon, A.

Miller, O. F.

Newcomb, Dr. Wesley.

Nuttall, Thomas.

Payraudeau, P. C.

Parreyss, Dr.

Pfeiffer, Dr. Louis.

Philippi, Dek. A.

Pease, W. Harper.

Quoy & Gaimard.

French.

German.

French.

Danish.

Swedish.

French.

English.

Russian.

French.

American.

German.

English.

French.

Italian.

French.

German.

American.

English.

French.

German.

American.

French.

THE NAUTILUS. Aly)

Raf. Rafinesque, C. S. French—A merican.

Redf. Redfield, John H. American,

Rossm. Rossmiissler, E. A. German.

Rve. Reeve, Lovell. English.

Schum. Schumacher, C. J. German.

Sowb. or Sby. Sowerby, G. B. English.

Shuttl. Shuttleworth, R. J. German.

Spengl. Spengler, L. German.

Stimp. Stimpson, W. American.

Tr.

Theob. Theobald, W. Jr. English.

Trosch. Troschel, F. H. German.

Val. Valenciennes, M. A. French.

Wein. Weinkauff, H. C. German.

Woll. Wollaston, T. V. English.

WG. B. Binney, W. G. American.

[CoNTRIBUTED.]

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

JANUARY 21, 1891.

Since last announcement the following new members have been

enrolled :—

130. John Brady, Aledo, Ill. Unionide.

131. John H. Britts, Clinton, Mo. Carboniferous Palaeozoic

Mollusca.

132. Delos Arnold, Pasadena, Cal.

133. A. W. Hanham, Brantford, Ont. Canadian Land and

Fresh Water Mollusca.

134. Mrs. J. M. Gaige, Detroit, Mich. Muricide.

118 , THE NAUTILUS.

135. Mrs. Amos O. Osborne, Waterville, N.Y. Land and Fresh

Water Shells.

136. Mrs. Mary P. Olney, Spokane Falls, Wash.

137. Berlin H. Wright, De Leon Springs, Fla. Unionide of

Gulf States.

_ 138. Anna Goodsell, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

The following members have chosen subjects :—

Dr. Fred. Stein, Indianapolis, Ind. Air-breathing Mollusks of

U.S. and Europe.

Francisco E. Blanes, Key West, Fla. Marine Mollusca of

Florida and Cuba.

Ida M. Shepard, Long Beach, Cal., has changed her subject from

West Coast Shells to West Coast Marine Shells and Helicide.

G. W. Lichtenthaler is now upon a visit to California, where he

will doubtless add to his already extensive knowledge of West

Coast Shells.

Joseph Willcox and Uselma C. Smith, of Philadelphia, are travel-

ling in Florida at the present time.

C. A. Hargrave, Danville, Ind., has accepted the editorship of

the Department of Conchology in “The Observer,” published in

that city. He is a good conchologist, and will no doubt make his

department a success.

Henry A. Ward, Rochester, N. Y., is about to pay a visit to

Cuba and Jamaica on a natural history quest.

Ida M. Shepard, Long Beach, Cal., will shortly start upon a

two months’ collecting tour in the Gulf of California.

Mrs. 8. H. Young has changed her residence from Long Beach,

Cal., to Butler, Pa.

Rev. H. W. Winkley, Saco, Me., writes: “I am delighted with

my experience in the Association. J have exchanged with several,

received letters, etc. They all seem to have the same interest in

Conchology that I have.”

Chas. Schuchert, Albany, N. Y., is preparing a “ Bibliographical

Catalogue of American Fossil Brachiopoda.” It is a much-needed

work, and is in thoroughly competent hands.

Members desiring to have any Cypraeas named, will please mail

them to the President, who will take pleasure in naming: and

promptly returning them. Of course no charge will be made.

THE NAUTILUS. 119

The pleasure of assisting members will be a sufficient recompense

to him.

Donations to the United States Collection.

The collection is progressing wonderfully, and it is a source of

much gratification to note the general interest evinced by members,

and the receipt of such fine specimens as are sent. Some of the

specimens and suites sent are superb. Since last acknowledgment,

the following have been received, mounted, and placed in the

cases :—

O. A. Crandall, Sedalia, Mo.—More than 20 species of Land Shells

from Missouri, Arkansas and Texas, including Goniobasis sor-

dida, Lea; Saffordi, Lea, and Crandalli, Pilsbry; Helix in-

flecta, Leaii, Dorfeuillana, var. Sampsoni, Weth., appressa,

elevata and Roemeri; Pupa fallax, Say, and armifera, Say ; and

Sphaerium striatinum, Lam.

Rev. H. W. Winkley, Saco, Me—12 species of New England

Shells, including Aplexa hypnorum, Linn. ; Segmentina armi-

gera, Say; Cryptodon Gouldii, Phil.; Macoma Baltica, Linn. ;

Littorinella minuta, Totten ; Gemma gemma, Totten, and Helix

pulehella, Mill.

John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa—Nerita peleronta, Linn, Key West,

Fla., and a fine suite of Oliva litterata, Lam., from S. W.

Florida.

J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex——Over 30 species of Texas Land

Shells, and 12 species of Texas Tertiary Fossils, including fine

suites of Bulimulus alternatus, Say, and Holospira Goldfussi,

Menke; Helix Texasiana, leporina, Berlandieriana, Copei,

labyrinthica, Henriettae, Cragini, Mooreana, and thyroides ;

Zonites Singleyanus, minusculus and friabilis ; Helicina tropica,

Jan.; Goniobasis Comalensis, Pilsbry; Physa Sayii, For-

sheyi and Halei; Amnicola peracuta, Pilsbry and Walker ;

Pisidium compressum, Prime and Sphaerium subtransversum,

Prime.

Chas. LeR. Wheeler, Cape May, N. Y.—Additional examples of

Fulgur canaliculata and carica (magnificent specimens); Natica

heros, Say; Dosinia discus, Reeve, Swansboro, N. C.; Pholas

truncata and Zirphaea crispata, Linn., Cape May, N. J.

E. H. Harn, Blairsville, Pa——Helix profunda, Say, and Pennsyl-

vanica, Green.

120 THE NAUTILUS.

H. Moores, Columbus, O.—Helix multilineata profunda, monodon,

exoleta, fallax and albolabris from Columbus, Ohio; two

species of Pomatiopsis and two of Amnicola.

E. W. Roper, Revere, Mass.—A very valuable series of Pisidium

and Sphaerium, ranging from the youngest to the oldest forms,

including Sphaerium secure, rhomboideum, and partumeium ;

Pisidium Idahoense (his new species), variabile, compressum

and abditum. Also a fine series of Purpura lapillus, Linn.

Chas. W. Johnson, Philadelphia, Pa—Fine suite of Melongena

corona, Gmel., from 8S. W. Florida; Succinea effusa, Shuttl.

Ocklawaha River, Fla., and Helix pustula, Fér., St. Augustine,

Fla.

Dr. V. Sterki, New Philadelphia, O—Pupa rupicola, Say, and

Vertigo rugosula, var. ovulum, Sterki, both from Volusia

County, Fla. Also an interesting lot of Unios from the Tus-

carawas River, Ohio, including Unio luteolus, Lam.; multira-

diatus, Lea; phaseolus, Hildr; lens, Lea; pustulosus, Lea;

subrotundus, Lea; pyramidatus, Lea; coccineus, Lea; rubigi-

nosus, Lea; irroratus, Lea; triangularis, Barnes, and undulatus,

Barnes. Also 3 species of Margaritana (Alasmodonta), and

4 species of Anodonta.

Total, 188 genera, 552 species, 402 trays.

GENERAL NOTES.

ARIOLIMARY COLUMBIANUS VAR. STRAMINEA. Animal when

extended about six inches long, with the marking of A. Columbianus,

of a uniform light straw color, a shade lighter beneath the foot.

Habitat, Santa Cruz Island, California — Henry Hemphill.

NovTES ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF Cepouis. In the Manual of Con-

chology, 2d. series, vol. V, the writer described as new, under the

name Helix pimesoma, a Haitian shell which proves to be the same

as the unfigured HZ. trizonaloides A. D. Brown, as I have satisfied my-

self by finding Brown’s types with his original label, in the collec-

tion of Mr. John H. Campbell, Philadelphia. I may also note here

that Helix squamosa Fér. placed in Cepolis in the Manual, is really

a species of Jeanneretia,—a section having apparently no especial

affinity to Cepolis—H. A. Pilsbry.

$1.00 per Year, ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

NAUTILU

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pitspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. IV. MARCH, 1891. INo. AT.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

NOTES ON THE SCULPTURE OF AMERICAN LIMNZEAS, ETC. Robt. E. C.

Stearns. : ; . ‘ 5 : : > LT

NOTE ON GONIOBASIS CATENARIA SAY. H. A. Pilsbry. : : . 124

UNIONID@ OF GA., ALA., S. C., AND LA., IN SoUTH FLORIDA. S. Hart

Wright. é . 120

NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN LAND SNAILS. H. A. Pilsbry. 125

A New Species oF ArconalA. H. A. Pilsbry. : : 5 WAT

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. (Contributed.) : ~ 128

GENERAL NOTES. : : : F : ; ; . 131

EpWARD RICHARDS MAYO OBITUARY. s : . : . 132

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

dae Nautrrus.

VOL. Iv. MARCH, 1891. No. 11.

NOTES ON THE SCULPTURE OF AMERICAN LIMNZAS, ETC.

BY ROBT. E. C. STEARNS.

In several instances parties who have sent specimens of Ameri-

can Limneas to the U.S. National Museum for identification, have

called attention to the sculpture of the specimens, as if this charac-

ter was peculiar to the examples sent by them, and not previously

observed ; hence the following notes which may be of some use in

connection with the study of pond-snails, by beginners in this class

of molluscan forms.

The extensive geographical series, and numerous examples in the

National Collection show the sculpture characters to be as follows,

and that all of the so-called species, of which without doubt there

are at least “ twice too many,” exhibit in a greater or less degree

when a large geographical series is brought together, with an ample

representation of individuals, the same aspects of sculpture variation.

Frirsr. The longitudinal incremental or growth lines are often con-

spicuously developed in forms that generally are smooth or with

scarcely discernible growth lines, and occasionally individuals are

met with in which there is apparently a serial or alternating ar-

‘angement of bands or zones of fine and coarse growth lines, suggestive

of a positive longitudinal sculpture, which we may suppose to be

due to a more vigorous growth at one season than another. Again

the larger whorls often exhibit a tumid or bulging elevation or prom-

inence which is rarely or seldom regular, usually irregular in occur-

rence, and not infrequently so conspicuous as to produce absolute

iL 22 THE NAUTILUS.

distortion, as if a season of moderate food supply had been followed

by an aldermanic dinner or two, resulting in sudden and phenomenal

growth followed by a penitential period of more temperate eating.

These bulgings as before stated, seldom if ever exhibit any

regularity of occurrence in the Limneas; they often do, however, in

the nearly related pond snails Planorbis and Physa as may be seen

not infrequently in Planorbis glabratus wherein they seem to occur

in somewhat orderly sequence. In the beautiful little Physa

( Costatella) costata described by my venerable friend Dr. Newcomb,

a form which inhabits Clear Lake, California—these bulgings are

numerous and regular and are arranged nearly equidistant and give

a postively sculptured aspect to the shell, in distinction from the

suggestion of pathologic eccentricity like the bulgings of the Limneas

and many of the Planorbis.

The above variation in strength or prominence of growth or incre-

mental lines, as they are usually called, is also common to many of

the Planorbes, notably in P. corpulentus Say, from the West coast,

and is also frequently exhibited in examples of the curious and

“Anteresting genus Carinifec another West coast form from Eagle

Lake, California and elsewhere, and in the equally curious little

shells of the genus Pompholyx; that enterprising and intelligent

collector Henry Hemphill detected a pretty costate variety at the

Dalles of the Columbia River, wherein the ribs are quite evenly

placed and suggestive of frequent_variceal thickening as in some of

the Strophias.

Many of the land shells of North America, as well as exotic

species, exhibit varying aspects or facies of incremental sculpture,

and many who read this will at once call to mind the difference, in

this respect, of examples of Mesodon of the same species from differ-

ent localities, also of Patula alternata, and the remarkable sculptural

diversity of the forms now included with Patula strigosa and its syn-

onyms. There are other groups of the Helicide which might be

included, but these are sufficient for the purposes of illustration and

among the Bulimulide we have no lack of instances, and the group

Strophia of the Pupide, which has led Mr. Maynard into a sort of

conchological quick-sand or “slough of despond,” furnishes a fur-

ther appropriate illustration.

Srconp. Inclusive of the first or above class of variation, we have

the dinted or malleated aspect of sculpture, as if the shell had

received a succession of light blows from a small hammer, blows

THE NAUTILUS. 123

carefully given with sufficient force to dint the surface without

breaking the substance of the shell. These dints are sometimes

quite regular in arrangement and frequently have the aspect of

zones following the basal and previous whorl transversely and par-

allel to the sutural line, like so many flat bands.

This form of sculpture is also met with not only in related groups

like the Physas, often conspicuously shown in the form to which the

late Dr. Lea gave the name of P. Carltoni as well as in other species

of the same genus; frequently in Planorbis and Carinifex as well

as in the river-snails Ampullaria and in the Bulimi among the

land shells.

Turrp. Another and not infrequent aspect of sculpture is exhib-

ited by several species, and consists of fine close set incremental

lines crossed by transverse, somewhat waved and slightly incised

grooves; the same character of sculpture is not infrequent in many

terrestrial pulmonates. The Mexican Glandinas, for instance, fur-

nish in several species, beautiful examples of this delicate tooling of

the surface, to use a familiar mechanical term.

Mr. Dall recently collected several specimens of Limnea palustris

in the irrigation ditches near the Hot Springs in Honey Lake Valley,

Lassen Co., California, (within the area of the extinct tertiary Lake

Lahontan), which exhibit this form of sculpture markings. — It is

often if not generally present in the following species :

Limnea lepida Gould, Limnea ampla Mighels, Limnea Sumassi

Baird ; and less frequently so far as I have observed, in Limnea

columella Say, L. caperata Say, and L. lanceata Gould. Doubtless

many others of the numerous alleged species of this genus, occasion-

ally exhibit this character of sculpture, which is seen in examples

of all of those I have named even from widely separated areas.

It should not, however, be inferred that sculpture variation has

any special or direct relation or connection with geographical

distribution ; that it has indirectly, in the Limneas and the class

of Mollusks to which said group belongs, there is no doubt, for it

will at once come to the mind of any one familiar with the pond

snails of all countries, that those inhabiting semitropical and tropical

areas are much more constant or uniform in size, shape and sculpture

than their fellows of the same kin from northern or colder latitudes,

and the texture of the former is much finer and smoother on the

whole, or all in all, than the forms that live in the cooler regions of

the north. The influences that appear to induce, or cause variation

124 THE NAUTILUS.

are environmental rather than geographical; and following in the

general line or trend of this paper may be presented on another

occasion.

NOTE ON GONIOBASIS CATENARIA SAY.

IB, “Ef; “A. (PLSBIRY.

Having occasion recently to name some Florida Goniobases, the

writer examined thoroughly the species described from that State.

The characteristic type is G. catenaria Say. It is a turrited shell,

blackish-brown or olive-brown, having numerous small folds extend-

ing from the suture to the angular periphery, crossed by two or

three spiral threads, which form beads where they cross the folds;

the periphery is more or less keeled and tuberculate; below it are

a variable number (4-7) of spiral raised threads. The apex is

eroded.

The sculpture is sometimes nearly obsolete, as in a blackish form

collected in Marion Co. by Mr. G. W. Webster, and also sent me

by Mr. Berlin H. Wright; or it may be very sharp and clear-cut, as

in a beautiful form from Alexander Spring Co. The following syn-

onymy I regard as unquestionably established :

G. catenaria Say, 1822. G. Etowahensis Lea, 1861.

4. sublirata Conr., 1850. G. papillosa Anth., 1861

G. Floridensis Rve., 1860. G. Downieana Lea, 1862.

Of the names given below, I have seen neither G'. Bentoniensis or

G. Couperii, but they seem to have very slight differential characters.

G. Hallenbecki and G. Boykiniana are practically the same thing, as

the suite before me shows. They differ from the catenaria in nothing

but size. These four names may therefore be ranked as probable

synonyms, or at best, species on probation :

G. Boykiniana Lea, 1840,+ G. Hallenbeckii Lea, 1862.

G. Bentoniensis Lea, 1862.

G. Couperti Lea, 1862.

All of which is respectfully submitted. Notes on any of these

forms from collectors will be very acceptable to the writer.

The specimens studied are in the general collection of the Acade-

my of Sciences and the collection of the American Association of

Conchologists.

THE NAUTILUS. 125

UNIONIDZ OF GA., ALA., 8. C., AND LA., IN SOUTH FLORIDA.

BY SS. HART WRIGHT SPHNN YAN, N.Y.

An interesting fact in geographical distribution is noted in the

finding of Unionidae in Central and Southern Florida, which belong

to, or were originally described as from the Central States of the

South. In Volusia County, Fla., over one hundred miles south of

Jacksonville and more than three hundred miles south of the mid-

dle portions of Ga. and Ala., several species of Unio have been

found which were described from the latter States, or from S. C.

The St. Johns River flows northward past Volusia County, to

Jacksonville and the Atlantic Ocean; and the introduction of Ga.,

Ala. and §. C. species against the current of the river for so great

a distance is remarkable. Although the Unionidae have locomo-

tion in a slight degree and might make headway against rivers and

creeks, when once in them, they cannot thus get into waters which

do not connect. Their introduction into remote regions may be

through the agency of water-birds, which might carry juveniles long

distances, and then drop them into new stations.

We found in Volusia Co., Fla., in 1887, the following species

supposed to be transplanted from Georgia: Unio Dariensis Lea, U.

cicur Lea and Anodonta Couperiana Lea, perhaps the most beauti-

ful Anodonta in America, and the only one found in Florida of

which we have any knowledge. We also found there, U. modioli-

formis Lea and U. angustatus Lea, both from South Carolina. Mr.

Charles T. Simpson found in Manatee County, one hundred and

fifty miles farther south and on the west side of the state, U. obesus

Lea and U. granulatus Lea, from Ga. and Alabama. Mr. George

W. Webster sent us a few weeks ago, a species he found in Lake

Co., west of Volusia Co., which proved to be U. hepaticus Lea, from

Ga.and S.C. U. opacus Lea, from Ga. and U. nigerrimus Lea,

from La. have been reported from middle Florida. None of the

species indigenous to Southern Florida, so far as we can learn, have

ever been found in any of the other Southern States.

NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN LAND SNAILS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Since the publication of my Check-list of American Land Shells,

many new forms (species, varieties and absolute synonyms) have

126 THE NAUTILUS.

been described, and various obscure question in phylogeny and

classification have become more clear to me. It is my purpose to

discuss these matters in a series of short papers.

Fischer has divided the suborder Geophila (—Stylommatophora)

or stalked-eyed Pulmonates into two main branches, Monotremata

and Ditremata. It seems to me that a more fundamental separation

is indicated by the presence or absence of a jaw, together with the

modifications accompanying this character. I would therefore

primarily divide the land pulmonates into Agnatha and Gnatho-

phora.

SUPERFAMILY AGNATHA.

No jaw; teeth of the radula arranged in very oblique V-shaped

rows, all of them of the aculeate or thorn-shaped form, the side-teeth

larger than the central tooth, which is often obsolete.

The families of A gnatha are as follows.'

I. Mantle small, posterior; shell rudimentary or developed; a

common genital orifice Testacellide.

II. Mantle enveloping the whole upper surface ; no shell; genital

orifices separated Rathousiude.

The last named family is identical with the genus Vaginulus as

understood by Stoliczka and Binney ; not Vaginulus Fér., which as

Férussac himself says hasa jaw. Veronicel/a Blainy. and authors,

is the same as Vaginulus Fér.

The Rathouistide have been found only in India and China.

The Testacellide comprise a great variety of forms. The family

is practically world-wide in distribution in tropical and subtropical

regions.

Genus GLANDINA Schum.

Additional species and varieties.

G. truncata Gm., form ovata Dall. A short form, measuring 44 x

25 mm. Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie.

How does it differ from bullata Gould ?

G. truncata Gm., form macer Dall. Long, narrow, but not parallel-

sided, 75 x 20 mm. Recent, and fossil in the Caloosahatchie beds.

Like the form parallela W. G. B., these are doubtless only the

extreme aspects of Variation in a very mutable species.

1 Fischer recognizes but one family, Zestace/iid@ ,; ignoring the agnathous

Vaginulus-like forms.

THE NAUTILUS. 1A7/

SUPERFAMILY GNATHOPHORA.

Jaw present.

I. Orifices of genitalia contiguous or united Monotremata.

II. Orifices of genitalia widely separated ; no shell; mantle cover-

ing the whole upper surface Ditremata.

The Monotremata divide naturally into two divisions:

1. Lateral teeth of the aculeate or thorn-shaped type Vitrinea.

2. Lateral teeth of the quadrate type Helicea

1. Families of Vitrinea.

1. All of the teeth aculeate Selenitide.

). Central and lateral teeth quadrate, uncini aculeate Limacide

Selenitide.

This family is not very distinct from Limacidee, but the radula

is more highly specialized. Of the genus Se/enites numerous varie-

ties and forms have been described since the publication of my

check-list. They will be enumerated later.

Limacide.

All attempts to split this group into two or more families have

proved impracticable. The various genera exhibit every stage in

the degeneration of the shell. The presence or absence of a caudal

mucus gland is equally uureliable, for genera otherwise closely

allied, vary in this character.

The additions to our Limax list being unimportant will be

deferred.

Additional species of Zonites.

Z. Shimekii Pilsbry. Loess formation of Iowa and Nebraska.

Z. Simpsoni Pilsbry. Indian Territory.

A NEW SPECIES OF ARCONAIA.

BY H. A. PILSRRY.

Unio (Arconaia) Provancheriana sp. nov.

Shell wide, oblong, beaks at the anterior third. The whole shell

twisted, very strongly resembling Arca (Parallelopipedum) tortuosa

L., in the direction and degree of the twist. Hinge-line sigmoid.

Anterior and posterior margins rounded; basal margin gently

128 THE NAUTILUS.

curved, sigmoid; epidermis strong, olive-brown with a few darker

concentric streaks ; concentrically striate, nearly smooth. The left

valve has a slight ridge extending from the beaks to the posterior

extremity. Cavity of the left valve very shallow, of the right valve

deeper ; nacre purplish flesh-colored. The left valve has two widely

separated cardinal teeth, lateral teeth remote from cardinals, double ;

right valve with single cardinal and lateral teeth. Height 32, width

533, thickness 18 mill.

The specimen is said to be from China. It is from the collection

of Pabbé Provancher, Cap Rouge, Quebec.

The ends are not produced as in A. contorta Lea, nor is the shell

bow-shaped like that species. It can be compared with none other

known to me.

[CONTRIBUTED. ]

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

FEBRUARY 23, 1891.

Since our last announcement the following new members have

been enrolled :

159. E. R. Mayo,’ Boston, Mass. Mussachusetts Mollusca.

140. R. T. Shepherd, Piqua, Ohio. Unionidae.

141. Elwood Pleas, Dunreith, Ind. Indiana Mollusca.

142. Hale Montgomery, Clinton, Mo.

Nearly all of the North American Conchologists and many

Palaeontologists are now enrolled in the Association, the progress of

which has been very gratifying. The members are taking advan-

tage of their privileges to correspond with each other, and much

special study has been accomplished. Several of the members have

undertaken the preparation of lists of species, similar to the list of

Haliotidae recently published by the President. A list of the

American Cypraeidae (fossil and recent) is now ready, but for want

of room, will not appear until next number. Several other lists are

approaching completion and we trust that it will not be Jong before

we have complete lists of all North American mollusks.

The United States Collection.

The collection of United States shells, now being formed by the

members is growing very rapidly. Many species have been added

1 Deceased since his election.

THE NAUTILUS. 129

during the past month and the specimens and suites received are

magnificent. It should be borne in mind:

1st. That donating to the Collection is purely a voluntary mat-

ter on the part of members.

2d. That none but the finest kinds of specimens are accepted.

3d. That all shells must have the localities accurately designated.

4th. That consignments should be forwarded to the President,

care of Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Sts., Philadel-

phia, at which institution the Phila. members of the Association

meet at intervals, and prepare, label and mount the shells for per-

manent exhibition.

To avoid duplicating, it would be well for members to forward to

the President lists of such shells as can be sent and he will erase the

names of the species already received, and return the lists to the

senders.

Donations to United States Collection.

Since last announcement, the following have been mounted and

placed in the Collection. [Names of donors annexed. ]

H. Moores, Columbus, Ohio.—

A lot of fresh-water shells including 12 species of Strepoma-

tidae; 3 of Paludina; Sphaerium solidulum and transversum ;

Pyrgula Nevadensis, Stearns; Bythinella obtusa, Lea and Lim-

naea humilis, Say and exilis, Say. Also Helix clausa, Say.

FE. R. Mayo, Boston, Mass.—

16 species of Marine Shells of New England, including Astarte

suleata, Costa, and castanea, Say ; Chrysodomus decemcostatus,

Say; Buccinum undatum, Linn. and ciliatum, Fabr.; Leda

limatula, Say and thraciaeformis, Storer; Natica flava, Gld.

and canaliculata, Gld., and Pecten Magellanicus, Lam.

J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex.—

8 species of Eocene fossils from Moseley’s Ferry and Wheelock,

Tex., including Surecula Desnoyersii, Lea and Buccitriton Tex-

anum, Gabb.

John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa.

Anodonta Tryonii, Lea; Martesia cuneiformis, Say; and

Lioplax subcarinata, Say.

150

Wm. J. Fox, Philadelphia, Pa.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vertigo pentodon, and Pupa corticaria, Say.

Geo. W. Webster, Lake Helen, Fla.—

A very fine lot of Florida and Tennessee shells, including the

new variety “albida” of Bulimulus Dormani; Helix steno-

trema, spinosa, auriculata, avara and Hubbardi; Goniobasis

catenaria, Say (a handsome variety) ; Glandina truncata, Gmel. ;

Patula vortex, Pfr. and caeca, Guppy ; Bythinella Monroeensis,

Dall and Floridana, Fr.; Succinea luteola, Gld. and Salleana,

Pfr.; Spirula Peronii, Lam.; Iphigenia Braziliana, Lam. ;

Marginella apicina, Menke; Iauthina globosa, Swn.; Seila

terebralis, C. B. Ad.: Echinella nodulosa, Pfr.; Unio

Anthonyii, Blandingianus, aheneus, amygdalum, corvunculus,

and Jewettii, all of Lea.

John H. Campbell, Philadelphia, Pa.—

Haminea vesicula, Gould; Cypraea Sowerbyi; Trivia Cali-

fornica and Solandri and Mangilia merita, Gld.

Geo. J. Streator, Garrettsville, O.—

Zonites ferreus, Morse; Sphaerium rhomboideum and fabalis ;

Ancylus rivularis, Say ; and others.

Dr. G. D. Lind, St. Louis, Mo.—

Jas.

Unio Higginsii, Lea and Limnaea umbilicata, C. B. Ad.

M. De Laney, Rochester, N. Y.—

One of the finest lots yet received, including Cardium consors,

Sby.; procerum, Sby. and muricatum, Linn.; Calliostoma

canaliculatum, Mart. and annulatum, Mart.; Pecten aequis-

suleatus, Cooper; Helix devius, Gld., ptychophora, A. D. Br.,

and Stearnsiana, Gabb; Venus gnidia, Br. & Sby.; Strombus

eranulatus, Wood; Bulla nebulosa, Gld.; Tellina rubescens,

Ham. and Gouldii, Han.; Tapes grata, Say ; Modulus cerodesg,

A. Ad.; and Unio luteolus. Lam., iris, Lea, and undulatus,

Barnes.

Elwood Pleas, Dunreith, Ind.—

20 species of Claiborne fossils, including Marginella larvata,

Conr. and plicata, Lea; Conomitra fusoides, Conr.; Limopsis

declivis, Conr. ; Strepsidura bella, Conr. ; 3 species of Solarium ;

Pasithea suleata, Lea; and Corbula nasuta, Conr.

THE NAUTILUS. Lil

S. Raymond Roberts, Glen Ridge, N. J.—

Helix Columbiana, Lea (collected by W. M. Gabb.)

H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia, Pa.—

39 species of Palaeozoic fossils from Bedford, Ind. All of them

belong to the Warsaw Group. ‘They include 4 species of Stra-

parollus, 4 of Pleurotomaria; 3 of Rhynconella; 4 of Mur-

chisonia; 5 of Bulimorpha; Productus Indianensis, Hall ;

Naticopsis Carleyana, Hall; Orthoceras epigrus, Hall; Nucula

Shumardana, Hall; and 2 species of Terebratula.

E. H. Fiske, Santa Cruz, Cal.—

5 species of, Post-Pliocene fossils from Santa Cruz, viz.: Pur-

pura canaliculata and crispata; Nassa mendica, Gld.; Oliva

biplicata, Sby. and Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt.

) 2 ’

W. J. Raymond, Oakland, Cal—

10 species of California land and fresh-water shells, including

the new Sphaerium Raymondii, J. G. Cooper, and Planorbis

subcrenatus, Carp., var. disjectus, J. G. Cooper, described in

Proce. Cal. Acad. Science; Physa Gabbii, Tryon ; Helix arrosa,

Gld., armigera, Ancey and Dupetithouarsii, Desh. Some exam-

ples of the last named species introduced in 1884 into Oakland

from San Simeon, San Luis Obispo Co., show a stunting of

growth and slight deformity, which appear to be constant.

Elwood Pleas, Dunreith, Ind.—

6 species of Post-Pliocene shells found associated with bones of

Mastodon Americanus at Losantville, Randolph Co., Ind. All

of them are species yet living, viz.: Planorbis bicarinatus, cam-

panulatus and deflectus, Amnicola porata, Pisidium compressum

and Limnaea humilis.

Total to date— 199 genera, 573 species, 659 trays.

GENERAL NOTES.

PoLyGyra (Mrsopon) KIA WwAEnsis Simpson var, ARKANSAENSIS

Pilsbry—These shells differ from the types of Aviawaensis in being

larger, more robust, the aperture larger, umbilicus smaller. There

are also certain ‘anatomical peculiarities which will be described in

another place. The lip of these forms is much thickened within ; it

132 THE NAUTILUS.

is still a very doubtful question whether the species should be

referred to Mesodon or Triodopsis. The form here described seems

to establish a slight bond with such shells as Mesodon thyroides.

The specimens were collected by Mr. F. A. Sampson near Hot

Springs, Ark.— H. A. Pilsbry.

SNAIL EATERS.—Reading Mr. John Ford’s experience with the

voracious Limax agrestis (Nautilus No. 7, vol. [V) reminds me of

another American ‘ Cannibal.” :

While looking for Glandina truncata (in Florida) I had occasion

to observeseveral of them chasing the Helix Carpenteriana, catching

and devouring them, shell and all, and not only one or two of them,

nay, five, six and more within a few minutes. In cleaning the spec-

imens afterward I found nine specimens of H. Carpenteriana in the

stomach of a single Glandina, some of the Helix yet alive-—Dr. Fr.

Stein, Indianapolis, Ind.

EDWARD RICHARDS MAYO, AGED 82 YEARS.

Died, in Boston, Feb. 12th, of pneumonia.

Mr. Mayo was probably the oldest student of conchology in this

country, being a few weeks older than his friend Dr. Wesley New-

comb. He was born in Roxbury, Mass., now a part of Boston. His

occupation was book-keeping, and the last forty years of his life

were spent with two firms—the great dry-goods house of A. & A.

Lawrence & Co., and the law office of S. W. Dexter. Whena

young man he took up the study of shells, and his interest in them

continued to the last. In the haleyon days of the American clipper

ships and whalers, Mr. Mayo was among the first to systematically

purchase the shells brought as curiosities.

He was personally acquainted with Drs. Gould, Lewis, Stimpson,

Anthony and other well-known conchologists, who frequently had

occasion to study the contents of his cabinet. He had also an

extensive correspondence with collectors in many countries. His

collection was particularly rich in foreign shells, of which he had

several thousand beautiful specimens.

Mr. Mayo was a very modest man, unselfish, and to his younger

fellow-students a useful friend, giving freely of his extensive infor-

mation and of his specimens, and encouraging them in their pursuit

of knowledge. To many readers of the Navtizus the news of his

death will bring a feeling of personal loss.

Epwarp W. Roper.

$n) aaa

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.

iMal

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. Pitssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.

Vol. IV. APRIL, 1891. No. 12.

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

MOLLUSKS OF THOMPSON’S LAKE, ILLINOIS. W. S. Strode, M. D. : = JIS

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF ANCTUS AND OLIVA. John Ford. . 134

WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SHELLS. E. H. Harn. : : : : . 186

EDIBLE MOLLUSKS OF RHODE ISLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. . . | [3%

On Pupa RuPICOLA SAY, AND RELATED ForMs. Dr. V. Sterki. : - 139

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. (Contributed.) : - 143

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill ;

Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.

il THE NAUTILUS.

in Woes ee

NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

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DEPARTMENT OF CONCHOLOGY.

We beg to inform students and collectors that we have for sale

6000 species of Marine, Land, and Fresh-water Shells. These we

offer either as single specimens or in large or small collections.

Specimens can be furnished in either their natural condition, or

cleaned to bring out their brightest colors. We are constantly re-

ceiving boxes of shells from our correspondents in Australia, Japan,

the Philippines, ete., which gives us exceptional opportunities of

offering for sale rare and desirable species.

We also carry in stock a number of species in alcohol for ana-

tomical purposes.

We call attention to our Catalogue of Mollusca, 120 pages, 86

wood-cuts, price 30 cents. To this we have lately added two 10

page supplements.

For further particulars, address,

Prof. HENRY A. WARD,

16-26 COLLEGE AVENUE,

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

The West American Scientist,

AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,

The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.

PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00

ADVERTISING RATES AS FOLLOWS:

One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.

Yearly contracts rated as ten months.

“ Decidedly the best of tts class.’’—Gro. W. Tryon, JR.

C. R. ORCUTT, EpIToR AND PUBLISHER,

Orcutt, San Diego County, California.

We eNSUTICUS.

VOL. Iv. APRIL, 1891. No. 12.

MOLLUSKS OF THOMPSON'S LAKE, ILLINOIS.

BY W. S. STRODE, M. D., BERNADOYTE, ILL.

The beautiful Anodonta suborbieulata of Say has a sparse distri-

bution and is rarely found in considerable numbers.

I know of but one locality in Illinois where it is to be found in

abundance. ‘This place is a still beautiful lake, five miles long by

one in breadth, with an average depth of from five to eight feet ; the

bottom a mixture of black mud and sand; the shores and a hundred

acres or so at each end covered with a growth of pond Lilies.

For a half century this lake has been a great fishing resort.

With seines five hundred yards long, trammel and funnel nets,

hook and line, spears, etc., immense quantities of fish are annually

taken from its waters; great Buffalo, Cat-fish, Shovel-fish, Jack-

salmon and a half dozen kinds of Sunfish, Bass, Pike and Pickerel.

State Geologist Worthen (deceased) seems to have been the only

naturalist who discovered the conchological richness of the lake,

and he kept the discovery to himself, collecting large quantities of

the Ano. suborbiculata Say and corpulenta Cpr. and sending them

to collectors and museums all over the world.

In the summer of 1890 I made a careful search for the Unionide

and found it containing but four species: Unio anodontoides Lea,

and parvus Bar., and Ano. suborbiculata Say, and corpulenta Cpr.

But the abundance of the two Anodontas make up for the lack

of species. In some places the bottom of the lake seemed to be lit-

erally paved with the suborbiculata. With a six-tined potato-dig-

134 THE NAUTILUS.

ger I would sometimes bring up five or six at a haul; and if the fish-

ermen happened to be making a draw with the great seine, a half

barrel of them would sometimes be drawn out at once,—many of

them great beautiful adult shells nearly as large as a common dinner

plate, the epidermis all intact, the stillness of the water and freedom

from acid causing but little erosion. The younger shells in their

beautiful iridesence, seem to have caught the tints reflected from

the green woods, the blue sky and sparkling stars.

The other Anodonta, the corpulenta was not so plentiful in the

deeper water that the suborbiculata seemed to prefer, but nearer the

shores in shallow water, more or less shaded by the broad leaves of

the water lily, many of them could be found. The umbones of this

mussel, as found in this lake, more nearly approach perfection than

in any other species,

Associated with this mollusk, among the water lilies, were great

numbers of Vivipara contectoides Binney and intertexta Say and

also more or less of the Physa heterostropha Say.

In collecting and handling these fragile shells much care must be

taken as they break as easily as egg shells. When removed from

the water I would pile them up in one end of the boat, and cover

them up from the sun with a wet blanket. When transferred to

my buggv (for I had to drive twenty miles to Bernadotte) I would

first line the bottom of the bed with wet grass, on which I arranged

the mussels and then again covered them up well with the wet

blankets. On reaching home they were at once transferred to a

large tub containing water. They must be cleaned without the use

of hot water and immediately given a good bath of glycerine, and

then kept in a cool place.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF ANCTUS AND OLIVA.'

BY JOHN FORD, PHILADELPHIA.

Anctus Pilsbryi Ford. Fig. 1.

See THE NAUTILUS iv, p. 81, 1890; Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1891, p. 81.

Shell rimately umbilicated, the axis imperforate ; ovate-conical,

spire acute, apex black ; whorls 7, slightly convex, the last some-

1 Reprinted by permission, from Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1891, pp. 97, 98.

THE NAUTILUS. ile

what contracted near the base. Aperture extremely nar-

row, oblong; lip flatly reflected, the central half of its

length provided with a flange extending towards the in-

ner or columellar lip, from which proceeds a correspond-

ing convexity, thus giving to the aperture a form much

like the traditional key-hole. Color grayish-white, painted

Fig.1. longitudinally with brownish and black lines.

Length of shell 23, diameter 93 mill. Width between flanges 1,

width of flange on outer lip 2 mill. Color of lip white; aperture

slightly shaded within. Habitat, Brazil.

Anctus angiostoma Wagner (capueiraSpix), Fig. 2,and A. Pilsbryi

are the only living species of the genus known, and both are in color

pattern and general form very much alike. In the for-

mer species, however, the apex is not black and shining

as in the latter nor are the apertures at all alike save in

general outline. Indeed, that of A. Pilsbryi is absolutely

distinct from any other known to the writer. This alone

would justify its specific separation.

Fig. 2. The figures were drawn from photographs of the shells

and may therefore be accepted as correct.

The species has been named in honor of my friend Mr. Henry A,

Pilsbry, Conservator of the Conchological department of the Acad-

emy and present Editor of the “ Manual of Conchology.”’

Oliva cryptospira Ford. Figs. 3, 4.

Shell cylindrical, slightly enlarged near either end, producing an

obese appearance. Salmon-colored, with a few dashes of white

accompanied by faint zigzag brownish lines showing through the

enamel, the latter being somewhat thickened and more orange in

color on the basal fasciole. Spire short, with sutures entirely con-

cealed by a heavy callus. Edge of lip and interior of aperture white.

Length of type specimen 2} inches. Greatest diameter 1 inch.

Habitat, Moluccas.

This shell is probably well known to veteran collectors, since it

has been posing for many years as a variety of O. irisans Lamarck,

from which species, however, it is in fact distinct.

136 THE NAUTILUS.

No figure was given with Lamarck’s description of O. irisans,

; but a figure probably intended for the same

shell appears in Reeve’s “ Conchologia Iconica,”

Vol. 6, Pl. 6, fig. 8a, where it is classed with

typical O. irisans Lam. That this figure does

not agree with Lamarck’s description in any

essential features is quite apparent.

It seems, however, to have been accepted by

my late friend, Mr. Tryon, as well as by Reeve,

for a form of QO. irisans, since it was copied for

the “ Manual” without remark; although sev-

eral specimens exhibiting characters similar to

AS Ps { those shown in the figure—but which belong to

O. cryptospira only—were at the time in the

Academy’scollection. Whether these specimens

were accidentally overlooked, or the distinctions

Figs. 3. noted deemed too trifling for special designation,

is a question that cannot now be answered.

In consequence of this uncertainty, the responsibility of correcting

the error of classing this form with O. irisans, (if

error it be), is accepted rather reluctantly al-

though in the firm belief that the change will ben-

efit the student, as well as, in some slight degree,

the cause of Science, also.

Fig. 4.

WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SHELLS.

BY E. H. HARN, BLAIRSVILLE, PA.

The following is a list of species which I have collected in West-

ern Pennsylvania. It may be of interest for the sake of locality :

Selenites concavus Say. Pupa armifera Say.

Zonites fuliginosus Griff. Pupa contracta Say.

Zonites laevigatus Pfr. Ferussacia subcylindrica Linn.

Zonites ligerus Say. Succinea obliqua Say.

Zonites intertextus Binn. Succinea avara Say.

Zonites inornatus Say. Succinea Totteniana Lea.

Zonites nitidus Mull. Campeloma rufa Hald.

Zonites arboreus Say. Planorbis bicarinata Say.

THE NAUTILUS. leit

Zonites indentatus Say. Planorbis (? var.) Harni Pils.

Zonites milium Morse. Carychium exiguum Say.

Zonites fulvus Drap. Unio aesopus Green.

Zonites suppressus Say. Unio alatus Say.

Zonites multidentatus Binn. Unio circulus Lea.

Patula solitaria Say. Unio clavus Lam.

Patula alternata Say. Unio crassidens Lam.

Patula perspectiva Say. Unio cylindricus Say.

Patula striatella Anth. Unio gibbosus Barnes.

Patula lineata Say. Unio fabalis Lea.

Helix labyrinthica Say. Unio iris Lea.

Helix hirsuta Say. Unio Kirtlandianus Lea.

Helix monodon Rack. Unio ligamentinus Lam.

var. fraterna Say. Unio multiradiatus Lea.

Helix palliata Say. Unio mytiloides Raf.

Helix tridentata Say. Unio obliquus Lam.

Helix albolabris Say. Unio oecidens Lea.

Helix Pennsylvanica Say. Unio parvus Barnes.

Helix exoleta Binn. Unio phaseolus Hindr.

Helix dentifera Binn. Unio pustulosus Lea.

Helix thyroides Say. Unio rectus Lam.

Helix profunda Say. Unio securis Lea.

Helix pulchella Mull. Unio subovatus Lea.

Helix pulchella Mull. Unio subrotundus Lea.

var. costata Mull. Anodonta undulata Say.

Helix nemoralis Mull. Margaritana marginata Say.

Pupa fallax Say. Margaritana rugosa Barnes.

Margaritana undulata Say.

EDIBLE MOLLUSKS OF RHODE ISLAND.

BY HORACE F. CARPENTER, PROVIDENCE, R. I.

I have read with much interest the article in the January N auti-

Lus by Prof. Keep and its supplement by Henry W. Winkley in

the February number and am tempted to add a short article on the

edible mollusca of Rhode Island. I think in point of numbers of

species, as well as individuals, Rhode Island will excel any state in

the Union. As we have seen California has but five species and

Maine only four regulars and two occasional, while Rhode Island

can show eight every day and five irregular as below.

138 THE NAUTILUS.

Mya arenaria Linn. Rhede Island is the metropolis of the clam

both in production and consumption. The Rhode Island clam bake

is a peculiar institution known all over the country. From June

to September every day sees hundreds of bushels consumed at the

various shore resorts, called here ‘‘ down the river ;”’ and there are sev-

eral places in Providence where steamed clams are served in the

shell every day in the year. The beds are inexhaustible and the

more they are dug over, the faster they seem to propagate.

Ostrea Virginica Gmel. and Ostrea borealis Lam. are both very

abundant and are consumed in great quantities. O. Virginica are

brought here from the South in schooner loads and planted in the

bay to grow, while O. borealis, the finest oyster in the world, is na-

tive to our shores.

Venus mercenaria Linn. is also very abundant and can be seen in

our markets at all times.

Mactra solidissima Chem. is abundant on the ocean shores and is

used by the natives for making chowders.

Pecten irradians Lam. There are about two hundred boats en-

gaged in scallop dredging and each boat is allowed by law to take

only twenty-five bushels per day from September Ist to April 1st,

making only five thousand bushels per day for seven months in the

year. The adductor muscle only is eaten, while the rest of the ani-

mal (the “rim,” so called) is thrown away. If cats are allowed to

eat the rims their ears drop off. This fact is well known to all scallop

dredgers and a good many earless cats can be seen at Pawtuxet and

East Greenwich at any time, caused by eating scallop “rims” of

which they are very fond.

Mytilus edulis Linn. is also a common article of food, both boiled

and pickled.

Littorina littorea Linn. is very abundant and is relished by En-

glish people who had become accustomed to them in the old country.

Ensatella (or Ensis) Americana Gould is quite plenty and is eaten

by the dwellers on the shore.

Buccinum undatum Linn. and Pecten tenwicostatum M. & A. are

found only on the ocean shores and at Block Island and are eaten

whenever they can be obtained, but they are not very plenty here.

Neverita duplicata Say and both the Fulgurs, carica and canalicu-

lata are occasionally thrown into a clam bake, and I have seen them

eaten, but never indulged personally. I should think they would

prove rather tough.

THE NAUTILUS. 139

The fresh water clams, Unio and Anodon were formerly eaten by

the Narragansett Indians, but I never knew of any white man hun-

gry enough to try them.

ON PUPA RUPICOLA SAY, AND RELATED FORMS.

BY DR. V. STERKI, NEW PHILADELPHIA, OHIO.

This group of American Pupa is most interesting, but little known

as yet. Asin Europethe Pupa group Torquilla reaches its maximum

development in numbers and forms in the countries around the

Mediterranean, so in America the group of Pupa rupicola inhabits the

West Indies and the mainland bordering the Gulf of Mexico, the

Mediterranean of America. The American forms ranging under this

group are much smaller than those of the Eastern continent—scarcely

any exceeding 3 millimetres in altitude—and probably there are

fewer species ; yet scarcely less interesting are they, and well worthy

of special study.

A very prominent feature of this and related groups is the

apertural lamellae, of which I prefer saying more in another article

specially on this subject. As the lamellar characters are nearly the

same in the forms to be considered, and even some variations are

found almost alike in all, we need not describe them specially in every

species, as they are only of secondary value in differential diagnosis.

It must be stated here, however, that a general characteristic is the

particular development of the apertural lamella, which is long and

more or less complex, and another the diversity of the inferior

palatal being more or less distant from the margin, and of decidedly

different direction and shape—in part of different morphological

value.

In the following I intend communicating only a few systematic

faunistie notices concerning those species inhabiting our country,

not to give full descriptions and synonymy, leaving that for a

“revision ’’ of the North American Pupidae. Some of our forms

have so universally been misunderstood that a rectification, as far as

possible, will be justified.

Pupa rupicola Say.

It is characterized by its turriculate shape, with rather pointed

apex, pale straw color, with thickened, white lip; aperture with

140 THE NAUTILUS.

little marked sinuosity at the outer upper angle; lamelle: apertural,.

more simple than in some other species ; inferior palatal placed and

shaped as usual.

This well defined species has been found from South Carolina and

Florida to Louisiana, always near the coast. I have not seen it from

the West Indies—Synonymy and references will be found with the

following :

Pupa procera Gould.

When Dr. Gould published this species,’ he knew it only from

Baltimore specimens. Subsequently it was considered identical with

P. rupicola Say. After having examined and compared many hun-

dreds, even thousands of examples of both species, I came to the con-

clusion that they are quite distinct ; and I never saw a doubtful or

intermediate specimen. The author’s description leaves no doubt

as to the identity of the species.

P. procera is characterized by its cylindrical, rather strong shell

with obtuse apex, the uniformly brownish horn to chestnut color,

and the form of the aperture ; one peculiar feature which has been

pointed out by Gould,’ is the deep seated and rather transverse in-

ferior lamella in the palatal wall.

In Binney Terr. Moll. II, p. 339, under the head P. rupicola, the

description is of P. procera, and so are the figures of the aperture ;

the same is in W. G. B. Bulletin No. 28. In Gould (W. G. Bin-

ney edit.) Mass. Invertebr. 1870, under P. rupicola Say, the descrip-

tion is of P. procera, while the figure represents rupicola. There is

no doubt but that Mr. W. G. Binney, as well as Pfeiffer and others,

had not a sufficient number of good specimens before them, of one

or either species, or they would have arrived at a different conclu-

sion.

Our species is the only one of the subgenus living remote from

the sea in the interior of the continent. It is distributed over a

great part of our country. Its area is from New England and

South Carolina to Minnesota and Texas, and in this whole region it

is remarkably constant. Only some Iowa and Minnesota examples,

from Winona, are somewhat smaller and more delicate, the aper-

tural lamella showing a more marked configuration.

1 Monograph of . . . Pupa, Boston Journ. III, p. 401, pl. 8, f. 12; IV,

pl. 16, f. 12, and p. 355.

Bt,

THE NAUTILUS. 141

Pupa hordeacea Gabb.

There has also been much uncertainty about this form, since under

its name no less than 3, and possibly more, different ones have been

sent out by the author himself, and the descriptions published of it

did not agree at all. Yet it has been decided to let the name stand

for a species related to procera, but having the shell larger (averag-

ing alt. 3°0 diam., 1:3 millim.), the aperture of a different, ‘some-

what rhombic shape; the crest behind the palatal margin is more

or less white, corresponding to a rather strong callus; the palatal

wall just behind the crest is considerably flattened, and the base

rather compressed, keel-like.

P. hordeacea is decidedly variable ; among the typical form there

are numerous albino specimens ; some show hardly a trace of a lam-

ella on the palatal wall; from certain parts of its range, there are

examples more conical and somewhat lighter colored, approaching

P. servilis Gould. The species is found in Texas, New Mexico and

Arizona. As already mentioned, it comes very near P. procera on

one side, and shows much resemblance to servilis on the other,

while it has a well characterized “ strain” of its own. But with these

interrelations, it is all the more interesting to the naturalist who de-

sires something else than simply filing so and so many “ well defined”

species only.

Pupa hordeacella Pilsbry.

There is hardly a controversy about the synonymy of the species.

It is characterized by its size, averaging the smallest of the group

on the continent, the thin shell, its distinet striation, the flattened

last half of the body whorl, the base being comparatively broader

and more rounded than in its congeners and by the thin apertural

margins. But it is also variable to a considerable degree ; as to

size, the smallest I have seen measuring 1-4, the largest 2°4 millim. ;

as to color, from pale horn to light chestnut ; and pure albinoes are

quite common in some places. The smallest specimens generally

have a remarkably lesser number of whorls comparatively.

Its area of distribution, as far as known, is from Florida through

Mississippi and Texas to New Mexico and Arizona.

? Since the original description (Am. Journ, Conch. II, Oct., 1866, p. 331)

was inaccessible to me, Mr. Dall had the very estimable kindness to forward me

a copy of it and of the figure ; from both it would be absolutely impossible to iden-

tify the species.—Conf. also W. G. Binney, Bulletin 28, p. 173.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

Pupa servilis Gould.

A West Indian species, which has been reported from Louisiana

and Texas; whether it is really living on the continent I am unable

to decide. Among the many collections examined I never found it

from our country.

I prefer the above name, since the description given with it corre-

sponds exactly with the form taken for it, while that of P. pellueida

Pfr. does not at all agree with the same, but quite well—as far as

it goes—with some other forms from the West Indies.

Pupa

For completeness I wish to give short notice here of a.very interest-

ing form, collected at our limits, at Hidalgo, Texas, by Mr. J. A

Singley. It resembles much the P. servilis of Gould, in size and

appearance. But by careful examination a few features are found

quite new and seen in none of the other continental forms of the

group, viz., the presence of an infra-apertural lamella, between the

“apertural” and the columella, and the inferior palatal lamella

being very long and of particular shape. Both these characters I

have seen also in some forms from Curacoa, in the collection of Mr.

W.G. Mazyck. Although this Pupa must be considered as specific-

ally distinet, I prefer not naming it before, if possible, comparing

other, probably related ones, from Central America and the West

Indies.

A few words must be added concerning the geographical distribu-

tion of the species in question.

P. rupicola and procera I have seen together only in one instance,

in a lot from “South Carolina,” where there was one example of the

former among a number of the latter. But it was much to my satis-

faction, a thing I had long looked for. It is evident that reports of

P. rupicola Say, having been collected in the interior of the continent,

say North and West of a line drawn from South Carolina to Louis-

iana, possibly also a part of southern Texas, are with all probability

to be referred to P. procera Gould.

P. rupicola and hordeacella have been collected together in many

places of Florida (by Messrs. Dall, Stearns, Hemphill, Webster, A.

G. Hinkley, et. a/.), and in Mississippi (Pass Christian, by Mr. Bryant

Walker), while at. and near Charleston, South Carolina, the former

seems to be alone (Mr. W. G. Mazyck.)

In middle Texas (Lee Co., Mr. Singley) P. hordeacella, hordeacea

and procera are found together; in lots from Comal County, (drift,

THE NAUTILUS. 1438

also collected by Mr. Singley) the same three were represented, but

procera insmall number. Among about 60 specimens from Hidalgo,

Texas, (Mr. Singley, coll., sent by Mr. Wm. A. Marsh) there were P.

hordeacella, hurdeacea in a form somewhat differing from the type,

and the species mentioned above; P. procera wanting.

From New Mexico I have seen P. hordeacea and hordeacella.

Texas seems to be the center of distribution of the group under con-

sideration on our continent, and there is no doubt but that more

valuable things will be found in that state and the neighboring

territories.

My own collection now contains about 65 numbers (75 vials) of

the forms named above (except P. servilis) from the continent, and

many more I have seen in other collections.

The title of this article may appear to be not fully appro-

priate, in so far as the species named there is the one, or one of the

furthest removed from the common type of the whole group. Yet

P. rupicola Say is the oldest and best known name, and, I think,

the choice of it may be justified.

[CONTRIBUTED. ]

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

SANTA BARBARA, CAL., FEB. 3, 1891.

To the President of the American Association of Conchologists :

DEAR SIR:

In response to your circular card of November 7, notwithstanding

the probability that you may consider my response as coming too

late, | venture to make a few remarks:

I regret to see the evident tendency among conchologists who are

coming into print, to make radical and uncalled for changes in no-

menclature.

I have noted more particularly those relating to our West Coast

shells.

We, who have been for the past twenty-five or thirty years, ac-

customed to the names by which our mollusks have been known,

fail to see the necessity or utility of making so many changes, espec-

ially by those not resident, nor especially interested in our local con-

chology, which renders our standard publications next to useless,

places difficulties in the way of young students, puzzle and annoy

our older naturalists, and have a tendency to fence in the field of

144 THE NAUTILUS.

knowledge from many who would enter, if the way was not so beset

with the thorns of synonyms and unnecessary divisions of genera.

If we were laboring along under huge and glaring inconsistencies,

we would meekly submit to correction.

It would seem, that the only persons benefitted by this state of things

are, those who make and support these changes in order to increase

their catalogues of species and varieties * * * ** by the addition of

the so-called new varieties and the adoption of new names for old

and well known species ; or, those teachers of science who are in re-

ceipt of salaries and can thus afford to devote their whole time to

one subject, or those who are anxious to air their knowledge by the

use of hard names and the division of well known genera into as

many sub-genera as possible.

The one great object of the teacher should be to make the road as

easy as possible to his pupils and followers, whereas the real ob-

ject of many would seem to be exactly the reverse, and instead of

removing the stumbling blocks and smoothing the rough places,

some of them seem intent upon making a hard road still more diffi-

cult.

For example

as the scientific name for Snails, and in the index to “ Land and

Fresh Water Shells of North America” by Binney and Bland, pub-

lished in 1869, we find 541 specific names including recognized spe-

cies and svnonyms, under the generic name of “ Helix,” whereas in

later publications we find this simple genus has been divided into

thirty or forty sub-genera, the names of which convey no idea to

the student, who is confronted by the substituted and, to him mean-

ingless words, such as He/minthoglypta, Micrarionta, Euparypha, ete.

the name Helix is getting to be pretty well known

as applied to the poor innocent Snails, of which my esteemed friend

Dr. Stearns says, “ there is neither propriety nor advantage in their

use.” I note also, that some of our writers * * * * * * *

* 7 while proposing to cut down the number of species and vari-

ties of the Land Shells of other faunal regions, are hard at work

manufacturing names for additional species and varieties in their

own region, Yea verily, “ Consistency thou art ajewel.” * * *

To illustrate what we may expect if this genus, species, and

variety making continues, I will instance the way in which some of

the small provinces and countries manufacture varieties of postage

stamps for the express purpose of selling them to stamp collectors.

1 The zzmdber of subgenera attributed to Mr. Binney is liberally estimated.

Mr. B. never used the names Helminthoglypta or Micrarionta.—ED.

THE NAUTILUS. ill

In some of these countries the amount realized from sales to collec-

tors exceed the amount of revenue derived from their use for postal

purposes, and when they desire to increase their revenue, they strike

off a lot of “ New Issues,” or, by printing a different value on the

“Old Issues,” and placing an additional charge upon them meet

with large sales. They even go so far as to deliberately make errors

in these so-called “Surcharges ”’ and thus create a demand for these

manufactured “rarities,” which seems to me to be a parallel case

with some dealers and others interested in the Conchological Ex-

change.

Lorenzo G. YATES.

GENERAL NOTES.

The Boston Society of Natural History has purchased from Mr.

Gulick a valuable series of several hundred Hawaiian Achatinella.

Those from the island of Oahu, are to be mounted on a large model

of that island, made by J. H. Emerton. They will occupy their

respective localities on the mountains and in the valleys, and will

illustrate the progression and variation of species from the various

centers. I have suggested to the Curator that a similar model be

made to show the distribution of the Patula strigosa group taking

Hemphill’s fine series as a basis —E. W. Roper, Revere, Mass.