LIST

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articles contributed by each.

Apams, Artuur, Esq., F.L.S.

at of New Shells, from the Collection of ra

Cuming, Esq. . Seis crores hn nia: «ee Eee

TRE of New Lae of Semele, Rhizochilus, Plotia,

and Tiara, in the Cumingian Collection ................

Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Conus, from the

CollecGon’of Hugh Cuming, Esqes 22.6. fcc) sss

Monograph of Plecotrema, a New Genus of Gasteropodous

Mollusks, belonging to the Family Auriculide, from speci-

mens in the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.............

Descriptions of New Species of Shells, in the Collection of

Hugh Cuming, Esq.

A Monograph of Pyramidella, a Genus of a Am

Mollusca, belonging to the Family Pyramidellidee

Contributions towards a Monograph of the Genus Chem-

MEPIS Ata eS PU io eees, SEMEL: ohtee ts, teed

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Gasteropodous

DE SIOHER eI es co widen saiiedines ne pau SOE Np! sate

A Monograph of Fossar, a Genus of Gasteropodous

MoMemeR to ask) paceman a). aiervineaadh)spidiediiveds sae (n

A Monograph of Umbonium (Rotella), a Genus of Trochidee.

A Monograph of Isanda, a New Genus of Trochide, allied

to Umbonium .... 2. ainetaalol Hagan. pomints;

page

. 116

120

MS eLYB

. 176

178

182

186

187

. 188

Barro, Witi1aM, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. page

Descriptions of some New Species of Entozoa, from the

Collection of the British Museum ............ 6.0.05 0505

Boureuienat, M. J. R.

Descriptions d’Ancyles nouveaux, de la Collection de M.

Cuming, précédée d’une courte notice sur le genre Ancylus,

et d’un Catalogue complet des espéces qui le composent .. . .

Broperip, W. J., Esq., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &e.

Notice of an original Painting, including a figure of the

Dodo, in the Collection of his Grace the Duke of Northum-

berlandsat: SionsHVOUse: sss ce et thon eee eee eee

Cuvurton, Mr. H.

Extracts from a Letter respecting Collections in New Zealand.

Crisp, Epwarps, Esq., M.D.

Ou;the Anatomy of the Onckoo: « 3i.°.)5: 00s. s «2a wee

On Two Species of Entozoa EOP ONEN Tak

On the Splenic Vein of the Giraffe.................44.

Desuayes, M. G. P.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells, in the Collection of

Mr. Cuming

VP ehh er Tee Mets! «lo valete wrist ere Bure we) ei phauahe” ef eadiaciera tpubniate

Descriptions of Fourteen New Species of Mactra, in the

Collection of Mr. Cuming

Descriptions of Two New Species of Clementia, in the Col-

lection of Mr. Cuming

Observations sur les Animaux de quelques genres de Mol-

lusques Acéphalés (Chamostrea, Glauconome, Circe et Capsa).

Dunxer, Dr. W.

Limnzeacea nova Collectionis Cumingianze

167

Earu, G. Winpsor, Esq. page

Notes on the Bovine Animals of the Malay Peninsula.... 29

Fraser, Louts, Esq.

On the occurrence of a large Ape in the vicinity of Fer-

DMN Ae Anos Sot ctcck cauecese tes. 1S

Descriptions of Two New Birds, from Fernando Po...... 13

Gou.p, Joun, Esq., F.R.S.

Description of a New Species of Aulacorhamphus ........ 45

On the Nest and Eggs of Menura Alberti .............. 45

Description of a New Species of Tetraogallus............ 47

Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds .... 61

Observations on the Nests of Humming Birds .......... 100

Descriptions of Two New Species of Humming Birds from

Gray, Dr. J. E., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &.

On a New Species of Salamander from California........ 11

Description of a New Species of Tortoise (Testudo planiceps),

Prone, Lhe Maalnparcns: ERAN Pine fe co verse oie /aje nian le.e-ave 12

Description of the Animal of Cyclina sinensis .......... 25

On the Division of the Ctenobranchous Gasteropodous

Mollusca into larger Groups and Families................ 32

Notice of a esbige New age of Rhinoceros from

PUPUE IN RERLCH AE hg cicecne ss) Me eres aos wakes aces ieee Temes LO

On the Synonyms of Johnstonella Catharina, Gosse .... 94

Descriptions of Two New Genera labels and sie

of Land Mollusca ...... .. 109

On the Attitudes and Bigiran: of the Morse .).3600 6.0. 112

Observations on some rare Indian Mammalia .......... 190

Gray, Grorce Rosert, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.8. &e. page

Descriptions of Two New Species of Ptilonopus ........ 48

On a New Species of Thalassidroma........ ......... 62

GuLLIVER, GroreGE, Esq., F.R.S.

Notes on a Cetaceous Animal stranded on the North-east

COARCLOLRUEC IANA A er ek ee ga oe aoe Coase aoa. cou he Beae Chaka scale

Newcoms, W., Esq., M.D. &c.

Descriptions of Seventy-nine New Species of Achatinedla,

Swainson, a genus of Pulmoniferous Mollusks, in the Collec-

tion OF een Cre Beg, cs osu es cues ax os DOS

Owen, Professor, F.R.S. &c.

On the Anatomy of the Walrus...................... 103

Preirrer, Dr. L.

Descriptions of Twenty-three New <i of Land igs

from the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. . Lae ae

Descriptions of Eighteen New Species of Land Shells from

the Collections of Mr. Dennison and Mr. Cuming ........ 57

Descriptions of Nineteen New Species of Helicea, from the

Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq....................... 124

Rewutter, M.

On the Capture of Delphinus Orca in South Greenland .. 103

Scuiépre, M.

On some Staphylinide, found in the Nests of Termites .. 101

SciaTer, Puirie Lutiey, Esq., F.Z.S.

vil

TemP_eTon, R., Esq. page

Description of a New Species of Sorex, from India ...... 100

Tuompson, Wim, Esq.

Description of a New Species of Corynactis ............ 107

Wattiaceg, A. R., Esq.

On some Fishes allied to Gymnotus .................. 75

Water, H. F., Esq.

On the Eggs of Otogyps and Prosthemadera .......... 192

Westwoop, J. O., Esq., F.L.S. &c.

Descriptions of some New Species of Exotic Moths, belong-

ing or allied to the Genus Saturnia .................... 157

Waite, Apa, Esq., F.L.S. &e.

Monograph of the Genus Zgosoma, Serville, with the de-

scription of a New Genus and Species allied to it.......... 26

LIST OF PLATES.

1853.

ae MAMMALIA. oe

XXXV. Poéphagus grunniens......:.cceevveeeereeeencecnes 191

XXXVI. Budorcas taricolor 2.0.1... cccc ccs susecssevevees 192

MXXVEL Poreula salvania’ ccjsctsaie isle irc -eisia ols Salle sla 0 s'elealeleae 192

XXXVIII. Felis macrosceloides ........cseecercreccceeerecens 192

AVES.

L. Bucco radiatus, Sclater. .........ccescceveeevesees 122

LI. Malacoptila substriata, Sclater ........-+00eeeeeeee 123

LI. Dendrocolaptes Eytoni, Sclater .........++0seeeeees 68

LIII. Nest and Eggs of Menura Alberti .....-. 0s eee eeeeee 45

LIV. Ptilonopus chrysogaster, G. R. Gray.......ees ee eees 48

LV. Ptilonopus purpureocinctus, G. R. Gray .....-+.++5 48

LVI. Eggs of Otogyps and Prosthemadera..........+++++: 192

REPTILIA.

VII. <Ambyostoma californiense, Gray ........ cece eee ves 11

— MOLLUSCA.

XIX. }n. Deshayes’ New Species of Shells ..............+- 1

XX. Mr. Adams’ New Species of Shells.... 173, 176, 178, 186

XXI. M. Deshayes on the Animals of Chamostrea, Glauco-

mome, Capsa ang Circe ater semtaaiaee. sciisaieleieles 167

XXII.

XXIII. fp» Newcomb’s New Species of Achatinelle.......... 128

XXIV.

XXV. M. Bourguignat’s New Species of Ancylus .......... 76

ae ANNULOSA.

XXXI } pr. Baird’s New Species of Entozoa ........0.+0005- 18

XXXII.

XXXIII. }ar. Westwood’s New Species of Saturnia....... Raion ace lpi

Page 68,

76,

78,

79,

”

81,

84,

85,

”

87,

88,

89,

93,

”

ERRATA.

7th line from bottom—read Aves, Pl. LII. for Pl. LVII.

9th line from bottom—read constaté for reconnus.

11th line from top—read rejeté for balloté.

2nd line from top—after scientifigue add ainsi gue nous Vavons déja

démontré.

17th line from top, read reconnue for reconnu.

after 16th line from top, add—

6 a. ANcyLus Cuitryt1, Adams, Cont. to Conch. No. 10. p. 204. no. 384,

1851. Aneylus obliqguus, Adams, Descriptions of new species of

Shells, Jamaica, in Ann. of the Lye. of Nat. Hist. of New York,

p. 48,1850. [Non Ancylus obliquus de Broderip et H. Miller,

qui est une espéce différente.] Ancylus Petitianus, Bourguignat,

Cat. des esp. du g. dne. in Journ. de Conch. No. 2. p. 172. pl. 6,

f. 10, 1853. :

Hab. La Jamaique.

7th line from bottom—read Ancylus Chittyi for A. Petitianus.

6th line from top, dele 31. dneylus Petitianus, ete. Synonyms of Ancy-

lus Chittyi, 6a, following Ancylus Charpenterianus, p.81.

15th line from top—after Méditerranée add et la Moree.

12th line from bottom—read Ancylus montanus, mdnticola, for Ancy-

lorum montani.

after the 13th line from top, add—

42. a. ANcyLUS VERREAUXH, Bourguignat, Amén. Malac. in Rev. et

Mag. de Zool. p. 351. 1853, et pl. 1. f. 1-8. 1854.

Hab. Le Cap de Bonne Espérance.

4th line from bottom—after Ancylus radiolatus add Ancylus tenuis,

Kurr. ; dneylus Mattiacus, Braun.

14th line from top—read Chittyi for Petitianus.

21st line from top—read Chittyi for Petitianus.

yam SOL We. Kats } .

atts 40nd ae a:

cee Pete

tert an ae

Paphitis Me sabe, aa be a a

if Witrows iit tice “ir : 3 ceca

A <

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TaN ANE

Printed hy Hullmandel @ Walton.

SROPHYEI

W.E.Baily, del

Printed by Hullm andel & Walton

Hig] VENUS TUBEROSA

A. Desh Fig 4 TAPES TURGIDULA

ae AR JUKESI efi BIRADIATA

3. TAPES INFLA T

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 11, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

‘

The following papers were read :-—

1. Drescrirptions or New Species or SHELLS IN THE

CoLLectTion oF Mr. Cumine. By G. P. Dresuayes.

(Mollusea, Pl. XVIII. XIX.)

1. GLavconomME RosTRALIs, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig.12.) G. testd

elongato-angustd, depressd, subequilaterali, tenut, viridi, antice

obtusd, in medio dilatatd, postice attenuata, angulatd, subros-

trata; latere antico transversim irregulariter striato, postico

sulcato ; valvis rubris intus albis, ad marginem fusco-rubente

pallide pictis, postice zonuld unicd obliqud notatis; sinu pallit

angusto, profundissimo, leviter arcuato, lateribus suis parallelis,

apice obtuso.

Hab. Borneo. Coll. Cuming.

2. GLAUCONOME PSAMMOTELLA, Desh. G. testd ovato-transversd,

latd, lateraliter depressd, inequilaterali, antice brevi, obtectd,

postice attenuatd, obtuse subangulatd, transversim tenue et ir-

regulariter striatd, epidermide squalide fuscd induta, apicibus

erosd ; margine dorsali postice leviter arcuato et declivi; valvis

intus albis ; sinu pallii angusto, profundo, apice obtuso, margini-

bus suis fere parallelis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

3. Cunrus TRuNcaTUs. C. testd ovato-transversd, inequilate-

rali, lateraliter compressa, levigatd, nitidd, albd, lineis tenuibus

rufis approximatis, zigzag-formibus, inter se parallelis ; latere

No. CCXLVIII.—Procrrpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

antico longiore, obtuso, postico oblique subangulato, extremitate

truncato ; vulvd angustd lanceol.td, margine acuto circumserip-

td; lunuld lividd angustissimd, non impressd, vix distinctda ;

valvis intus violaceis ad margines pallidioribus.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

4. Dione RvuFESCENS, Desh. D. testd ovato-trigond, transversd,

tumidd, inequilaterali, levigatd, transversim irregulariter stri-

atd, rufescente pallide castaned, postice angulo obliquo obso-

leto inflexd, antice angustiore obtusd, postice declivi, convexius-

culd, margine inferiore convexo, antice ascendente ; umbonibus

brevibus, tumidulis, obliquis ; lunuld magnd, ovato-cordatd, in

longitudinem convexd, ad apicem atro-violaced, fused, et lineis

fuscis fulguratd ; ared elongato-acuminatd, fused ; valvis intus

pallide croceis ; margine cardinali postice rubro maculato ;

sinu pallii profundo, satis lato, apice obtuso, basi latiore.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

5. Dione crocra, Desh. D. testd ovato-trigond, turgidd, cor-

diformi, inequilaterali, levigatd, politd, tenui, intus extusque

pallide aurantid, ad marginem inferiorem saturatiore ; umboni-

bus tumidis, parum obliquis, acutis, roseis; lunuld vix distinctd,

magnd, ovato-cordatd, lined tenuissimd circumdatd ; ligamento

immerso ; ared posticali indistinctd, intensiore coloratd ; valvis

tenuibus ; sinu pallii parum profundo, trigono, apice obtuso.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

6. DioNE PHASIANELLA. JD. testd minimd, transversim sulcatd,

ovato-transversd, inequilaterali, antice rotundatd, postice an-

gustiore, obtuse angulatd, lateraliter compressiusculd, violaceo-

castaned, punctulis lineolisve angulosis notatd, biradiatd, ra-

diis albo et fusco articulatis ; umbonibus minimis, albis ; lunuld

minimd, saturate castaned, in medio convexiusculd ; latere pos-

tico lineis fuscis eleganter liturato, sulcis regularibus, depressis,

posterius latioribus ; valvis intus albo-violaceis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

7. Venus Sowersyi, Desh. JV. testd ovato-subquadratd, in-

equilaterali, turgidd, cordiformi, crassissimd, ponderosd, albd,

rufo pallido quadriradiatd, antice obtusd, brevi, postice latiore,

oblique et late truncatd, longitudinaliter tenue et regulariter

sulcatd, lunulis brevibus, crassis, erectis, irregulariter disposi-

tis, crenulatis, postice latioribus tenuioribusque, decussatd ;

umbonibus magnis, cordatis ; lunuld magnd, pland, impressd,

rufo-purpurascente ; ared dorsali elongato-lanceolatd in valvd

sinistrd, maculix magnis castaneis notatd ; valvis intus pallide

flavicantibus.

Hab, Philippines. Coll. Cuming. |

8. Venus crispata, Desh. V7. testd ovato-transversd, turgidd,

inequilaterali, antice brevi, postice latiore, subtruncatd, albd,

rufoirregulariter maculatd, transversim multi-lamellosd; lamellis

ad umbones tenuibus, in medio et ad margines crassioribus,

inflexis, sulcis longitudinalibus decussatis et crenulatis, antice

posticeque eminentioribus et dentatis ; umbonibus tumidis, de-

pressiusculis ; lunuld fuscescente, elongato-cordatd ; valvis intus

in fornice croceis ; sinu pallii latissimo, profundo ; marginibus

tenuissime et regulariter crenatis ; ligamento profunde immerso.

Venus Listeri, var. Sow. Jun., Thes. Conch. p. 705. pl. 152. f. 7.

Hab. ? Coll. Gray & Cuming.

9. Venus cLATHRATA, Desh. JV. testd magnd, ponderosdfsolidd,

ovato-transversd, inequilaterali, crassa, cordiformi, albd, rufo

pallido irregulariter maculatd et subradiatd, postice rufa,

transversim sulcato-laminosd, longitudinaliter multi-sulcatd,

decussatd, costis transversis numerosis, longitudinales decus-

santibus ; latere antico obtuso, postico latiore truncato, supe-

riore fere recto, inferiore arcuato ; valvis intus albis vel pallide

flavis, marginibus obsolete crenulatis ; sinu palli lato, profundo,

apice obtusissimo ; lunuld ovatd, pallide rufescente, in medio

prominuld, subcarinatd.

Venus Listeri, var. Sow. Jun., Thes. Conch. p. 705.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

10. Venus consosprina, Desh. V. testd ovato-subquadratd,

valde inequilaterali, lateraliter compressd, rufo flavd, aliquantis-

per fusco biradiatd, antice rotundato-obtusd, postice truncatd,

superne inferneque convexd, transversim profunde et late sul-

catd; sulcis antice brevioribus, sensim in medio elatioribus, pos-

tice laminatis et prominentibus, sulco minore majoribus inter-

jecto; lunuld ovato-cordiformi, in medio elatiore, subcarinata ;

ared elongato-angustd, valve dextre lamellosd, sinistre levi-

gatd; cardine lato, crasso; sinu pallii minimo, brevi, angusto,

acute triangulari.

Venus casina, Chemn. Conch. pl. 29. f. 301, 302.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

11. Venus scuupTa, Desh. V. testd orbiculart, globosd, sub-

equilateral, turgidd, solidd, crassd, alba, transversim regulart-

ter plicato-sulcatd ; sulcis antice posticeque attenuatis, granu-

loso-crenulatis, granulis antice irregularibus, postice majoribus,

in medio costis crenulatis ; umbonibus tumidis; lunuld cordi-

formi, paululum excavatd ; ared angustd, elongato-lanceolatd,

uno latere fuscd ; cardine lato; sihu pallii brevi, angusto, acu-

minato.

Hab.

12. VenrRupis picona, Desh. V. testd ovato-quadratd, trans-

versd, inequilaterali, compressd, tenui, fragili, candide hya-

lind, antice obtusd, postice late et perpendiculariter truncatd,

marginibus dorsali et ventrali parallelis, longitudinaliter ob-

soletissime striatd, transversim regulariter lamellosd, lamellis

tenuissimis erectis, postice latioribus, angulum rectum formanti-

? Coll. Cuming.

bus, angulis squamuld eminentiore porrectis ; ared ligamenti

pland, angustd ; sinu pallii triangulari, apice acuto, inequilate-

rali, horizontali.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming.

13. Venerurpis Cuminen, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 3.) V. testd

elongato-ovatd, transversd, inequilaterali, compressd, ineequi-

valvi, albo-grised, corneo-translucidd, ad apices squalide viola-

ced, antice obtusd, postice latiore, truncatd ; lamellis numerosis

erectis, acutis, postice crispis, imbricatis cinctd, interstitiis

levigatis ; umbonibus minimis, minutissime longitudinaliter

striatis ; valvis inequalibus, deatrd majore, profundiore, in-

tus violaceis, postice saturatiore violaceo maculatis; cardine

tridentato, altero bidentato; sinu pallii angusto, acuto, elon-

gato, horizontal. .

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

14. Venerupis Cuinensis, Desh. V. testd elongato-trans-

versd, subtrigond, valde inequilaterali, candidissimd, antice

obtusd, declivi, postice angulatd, subrostratéd, longitudinaliter

ad umbones tenue et obsolete striatd, lamellis distantibus erec-

tis, postice eminentioribus, angulum rectum formantibus, cinctd ;

valvis in longitudinem fiexuosis ; nymphis intus extremitate

violaceis ; sinu pallii angusto, brevi, acuto, horizontali.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

15. VENERUPIS PULCHERRIMA, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 7.) V.

testd elongatd, transversd, angustd, cylindraced, inequilaterali,

antice brevi, obtruncatd, postice truncatd, margine superiore

inferiort parallelo, longitudinaliter striatd, striis postice eva-

nidis, lamellis erectis, brevissimis, antice brevibus, postice albis

elevatioribus cinctd, albo lutescente ; umbonibus parvis; ared

ligamenti angustd, sub-levigatd ; valvis intus albis ; sinu pallii

angusto, acuto, horizontalt, trigono.

Var. 5. Testd striis longitudinalibus nullis.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

16. VENERUPIS PLANICosTA, Desh. JV. testd ovato-transversd,

valde inequilaterali, lateraliter compressd, antice brevissimd,

obtusd, albo-flavd, postice squalide violascente, obtusd, tenuissime

et dense striatd, striis planis, incisis, lamellis brevibus, irre-

gularibus cinetd ; margine inferiore recto, superiore postice ar-

cuato ; valvis intus albis, postice violaceis ; sinu pallii minimo,

submarginali, triangulari, angulis acutis.

Hab. Swan River. Coll. Cuming.

17. VeneRvupis DERELICTA, Desh. V. testd ovatd, transversd,

plus minusve angustd, irregulari, inequilaterali, depressiusculd,

intus extusque roseo-purpured vel albescente, longitudinaliter

tenue striatd, striis incisis, transversim lamellosd; lamellis

brevibus, postice eminentioribus, erectis ; umbonibus minimis,

postice angulatis ; latere antico brevi, obtuso, postico trun-

cato ; cardine angusto, tridentato, altero bidentato ; sinu pal-

lit parvo, angusto, brevi, obtuso, submarginalt.

Hab. Looy. Coll. Cuming.

18. VeNERUPIS ELEGANS, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 2.) V. testd

elongatd, transversd, angustd, inequilaterali, inflato-cylindra-

ced, antice attenuatd, breviore, postice latiore, obtuse truncatd,

latere postico obtuse angulaté, longitudinaliter tenuissime et

eleganter striato-granulosd, transversim multi-lamellosd ; la-

mellis inequalibus, antice obtusis, crenulatis, postice tenuibus

latioribus, minute crispis ; lunuld ovato-elongatd, in medio pro-

minente, rimosd; ared angustd, profundd, canaliculatd ; valvis

intus albis, marginibus tenue crenulatis ; impressione pallii

submarginali, sinu brevi, angulato, basi lato.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

19, VENERUPIS sILiqua, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1.) V. testd

elongato-transversd, turgiduld, inequilaterali, albo-flavidd, an-

terius obtusd, posterius obtuse angulatd, truncatd, transver-

sim inequaliter striato-sulcatd, sulcis striisque irregularibus,

numerosis, appressis, nonnullis sensim posterius eminentioribus

et in laminas breves, regulares, erectas, sese transformantibus ;

umbonibus minimis, turgidulis ; lunuld viv distinctd, in medio

prominente ; sinu pallii angusto, elongato, apice obtuso.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

20. VenEeRupPis mitTis, Desh. V. testd ovato-transversdé con-

veaxiusculd, tenui, inequilaterali, antice declivi, angustiore, ob-

tusd, postice obscure subangulatd, vix oblique truncatd, intus

extusque albd, longitudinaliter dense striatd, striis planis,

sepius duplicatis, lamellis brevibus, angustis, simplicibus,

postice paulo eminentioribus cinctd ; margine lunulart promi-

nente, lunuld indistinctd ; cardine angusto dentibus tribus

minimis instructo ; nymphis intus violaceis, sinu pallii angusto,

apice acuto, breviusculo.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

21. VENERUPIS PAUPERCULA, Desh. JV. testd ovatd, compressd,

transversd, inequilaterali, irregulariter contortd, antice ob-

tusd, posterius perpendiculariter truncatd, squalide albo-rufes-

cente, transversim irregulariter rugosd et striatd, intus albd,

postice violaceo-maculatd ; sinu pallii lato, profundo, apice ob-

tusissimo, horizontalt.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

22. VeNERUPIS OBESA, Desh. V. testd ovatd, transversd, brevi,

inequilaterali, inflatd, turgidd, antice declivi, acuminaté,

postice obtusd, antice albd, postice squalide violaced, longitu-

dinaliter tenue striata, transversim irregulariter rugosd ; striis

convexis, sepius undulosis ; umbonibus magnis, inflatis, promi-

nentibus, levigatis, oppositis, violaceis ; lunuld aredque nullis ;

valvis intus antice albo-flavis, postice violaceis ; sinu palli

angustissimo, profundissimo, oblique ad umbones ascendente.

Hab. Port Phillip. Coll. Cuming.

23. Venerupis rnsiGnis, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 4.) V. testd

ovato-transversd, subquadratd, valde inequilaterali, plus mi-

nusve inflatd et irregulari, flavd, ad margines rufa, longitudi-

naliter creberrime et tenuissime liratd, liris in latere postico

profundissime angulatis seu divaricatis et inter se conjunctis ;

latere antico brevissimo, postico paulo latiore, oblique truncato ;

margine superiore inferiori parallelo ; umbonibus obliquis, tumt-

dis, approximatis ; valvis intus in medio croceo-rubris, ad pert-

pheriam violaceis; sinu pallii angusto, profundo, apice acumi-

nato, ascendente.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

24. Circe personata, Desh. C. testd suborbiculato-trigond, de-

pressd, lenticulari, inequilaterali, ad umbones compressd, trans-

versim tenue striatd, striis in latere postico evanescentibus, albo-

grised, in medio fusco maculata, ad margines sepius lineolatd ;

maculis in medio sepius duabus personatis; lunuld aredque

minimis, angustis, lanceolatis, atro-castaneis ; valvis intus in

fornice violaceis, in margine albis; impressione musculare

anticd ovato-oblongd ; fossuld laterali value dextre usque ad

dentem cardinalem prolongatd ; impressione pallii ad marginem

descendente.

Venus scripta, Chemn. ; Cytherea scripta, Lamk. non Linn.

Hab. Indian Ocean; Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

25. Circe putcuRa, Desh. C. testd ovato-transversd, subequi-

laterali, antice obtusd, postice angustiore, tumidd, solidd, irre-

gulariter transversim striatd, striis inequalibus distantibus,

pliceformibus, striis longitudinalibus tenuissimis, obsoletis, de-

cussantibus, albo-grised, maculis duabus, castaneis, radianti-

bus, in medio separatis; valvis intus albo-griseis, marginibus

brunneis ; impressione pallii brevissimd, in medio valvarum positd,

simplice.

Cytherea elegans, Sow. (non Koch) Thes. Conch. p. 645. pl. 135.

. 163.

Hab. Red Sea. Coll. Cuming.

26. CrRcCE TRANSVERSARIA, Desh. C. testd ovato-transversd,

subequilaterali, depressd, antice rotundatd, postice subtruncatd,

JSuscd, sepius ad umbones albo angulatim maculatd, antice

posticeque divaricatim rugosd, in medio transversim sulcatd,

suleis rugisque granosis; umbonibus minimis brevibus, oppositis ;

lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, lined impressd circumscriptd, atratd;

=e subpland, levigatd, intus albd, in medio violaceo-macu-

ata.

Var. 3. Testa minore, sulcis transversis majoribus.

Hab. Philippimes. Coll. Cuming.

27. CrRCE LENTICULARIS, Desh. C.testd ovato-subtrigond, in me-

dio turgidd, ad peripheriam acutd, inequilaterali, antice postice-

que obtusd, transversim sulcato-plicatd, albd, lineolis castaneis,

angulatis, vel undulatis, interruptis, ornatd; suleis in latere

postico evanidis ; umbonibus depressis, plicis obsoletis, divari-

catis, notatis ; lunuld angustd, atro-fuscd, lanceolata ; vulvd

profunde excavatd, atratd, lineis atris, irradiantibus ornatd ;

valvis intus pallide croceis; impressione pallit brevissimd, in

medio valvarum positd.

Hab. 2? Coll. Cuming.

28. Crrce Mercauret, Desh. C. ftestd orbiculato-subtrigond,

tumiduld, subequilaterali, candidd, fusco rare maculata, maculis

in medio serialibus, transversim tenue sulcatd, suleis inequa-

libus, numerosis, convexis, antice posticeque striis tenuissimis,

divergentibus, intersectis ; lunuld ovato-lanceolatd aredque

fusco maculatis seu candidis ; valvis intus flavo-rufis, ad mar-

gines albis ; cardine angusto, dente antico valde separato.

Hab. 2 Coll. Metcalfe.

29. Meretrix GRATA, Desh. WM. testd minimd, ovato-trigond,

depressiusculd, inequilaterali, nitidissimd, late profundeque

transversim sulcatd ; sulcis regularibus, rotundatis, interstitiis

subequalibus separatis, simplicibus, rubescentibus, interstitis

pallide luteis; umbonibus acutis, parvis, angustis, elatis; lunuld

pland, ovato-angustd, elongatd, lividd; ared planulatd, levigatd ;

valvis intus albis, maculd angustd castaned in margine postico ;

sinu pallii latissimo, semicirculart.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

30. CHIoneE GiBBOSULA, Desh. C. testd rotundato-trigond, obl-

qud, inequilaterali, convexiusculd, antice brevi, obtusa, inferne

convead, superne arcuato-gibbosd, postice subangulatd; alba,

postice fusco cerulescente vel radiata vel pallide violaced ; latert-

bus et apicibus longitudinaliter costatis, rugis transversalibus,

undulosis, decussatis, et crenulatis ; in latere postico costis plu-

ribus majoribus, alteris tenue granulosis ; lunuld nulld ; valvis

intus albis, impressionibus muscularibus violaceis ; sinu pallit

horizontali, trigono, acuto, subequilaterali.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

31. Cu1one reEGuLARIS, Desh. C. testd ovato-trigond, trans-

versd, turgidd, inequilaterali, antice obtusd, postice dechivi,

subangulatd, subrostratd, margine ventrali valde arcuato, flavo-

grised, postice nigro-violascente, transversim regulariter et ele-

ganter sulcatd; sulcis convevis, equidistantibus ; lunuld elon-

gato-ovatd, perpland, levigatd, nitente, superne violaceo macu-

latd; ared parvd, elongatd, lanceolatd, pland; valvis intus albis;

cardine antice posticeque violaceo maculato ; sinu pallit lato,

obliquo, brevi, semiovalt.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

32. CuionE spHa#rRicuLa, Desh. C. testd orbiculari, subaequi-

laterali, turgidd, subspheroidali, candidissimd, transversim sul-

catd, sulcis antice posticeque evanidis, in medio convexiusculis,

latioribus ; umbonibus magnis, elevatis, recurvis, cordatis ; lu-

nuld. brevi, impressd, cordiformi, in medio purpureo-maculatd ;

valvis incrassatis, intus albis, ad marginem posticum purpureo-

maculatis ; sinu pallit brevi, triangulari, equilateral, acuto.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

33. CHIONE ustuLATA, Desh. C. testd ovato-transversd, sub-

trigond, turgidd, crassd, solidd, inequilaterali, antice obtusd,

postice obtusissime angulatd, flavd, lineis maculisve rufis diverso

modo variegatd et subradiatd, transversim irregulariter sul-

catd, sulcis triangularibus, in medio obsoletis, ad umbones tenu-

assimis ; lunuld ovato-elongatd, fuscd; ared ligamenti brevi,

parum profundd, fuscescente ; valvis intus pallide fiavis ; mar-

gine cardinali violaceo.

Hab. Philippines (Port of Manilla). Coll. Cuming.

34. Tapes 1nFLATA, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 3.) T. testd ovato-

transversd, subequilaterali, inflatd, turgidd, subcordiformi,

transversim regulariter sulcatd, nitente, rufo-flavescente, punc-

tulis lineisve fuscis, raris aspersd, obscure quadriradiatd ; wm-

bonibus tumidis, recurvis, approximatis ; lunuld magnd, ovatd,

levigatd, depressiusculd, concavd; ared ligamenti excavatd,

ovato-lanceolatd; sulcis latis convexis ; valvis intus pallide

aurantis ; sinu pallii brevi, apice obtuso, oblique ascendente,

marginibus subparallelis ; sinuositate in margine posteriore

sicut in Tellinis.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming.

35. Tapes TURGIDULA, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 4.) 1’. testd ovatd,

transversd, inequilaterali, turgiduld, antice attenuata, breviore,

angustiore, postice superneque rotundatd; umbonibus parvis ma-

culd albd notatis ; valvis rufis, maculis punctisque fuscis sub-

quadriradiatis, tenue transversim sulcatis, sulcis antice tenuiori-

bus, sensim in medio et in latere postico majoribus, et posterius

lamellosioribus ; lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, fused, in longitudi-

nem concavd et striatd; ared ligamenti angustd, brevi, utroque

latere canaliculatd, lateraliter maculd Juscd notatd ; valvis in-

tus croceis ; sinu pallii lato, parum profundo, apice obtuso ; valve

stnistre dente mediano profundissime bipartito.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

36. Tapes srmiuis, Desh. 1. testd ovatd, transversd, depressd,

inequilaterali, extremitatibus obtusd, transversim tenue sul-

cata, rufa, apicibus rubra, levigatd, maculis raris castaneis tri-

radiatd, lineis angulosis, distantibus, obsoletis notatd ; umboni-

bus minimis, oppositis ; lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, levigatd, ru-

bro-lineolatd ; ared angusté, depressd, lanceolata, lividd ; valvis

intus in fornice rufis.

Hab. ’ Coll. Cuming.

37. Tapes axpa, Desh. T. testd ovatd, transversd, inequilate-

rali, turgiduld, antice obtusd, postice latiore, oblique truncata,

crassd, solidd, intus extusque candidd ; umbonibus brevibus, de-

pressis, vie obliquis, oppositis ; lunuld elongato-angustd, vix per-

spicud, irregulariter striatd; ared angustissimd, vix depressd ;

valvis extus irregulariter sulcatis, sulcis in medio depressis ;

sinu pallit brevi, angusto, apice attenuato, semielliptico.

Hab. Western Australia (Swan River). Coll. Cuming.

38. Tapers opscurata, Desh. J. testd ovato-transversd, ob-

longd, inequilaterali, tumiduld, squalide rufescente, maculis

minimis, unidentatis, fuscis obscurd, radiis quatuor fuscis, sub-

articulatis notatd, transversim tenue et regulariter sulcatd ;

sulcis antice angustioribus, in medio et ad latus posticum sen-

sim latioribus; latere antico brevi, angustato, subangulato,

postico latiore, obtuso; valvis tenuibus, intus pallide croceis ;

sinu pall profundo, oblique ascendente, apice obtuso, margini-

bus parallelis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

39. Tapes BrrapiatTa, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 5.) 7. testd ovato-

transversd, tumiduld, inequilaterali, eatremitatibus obtusd, fla-

vescente, antice posticeque maculis minimis, pallide fuscis grised,

radus duobus castaneis, latis, interruptis ornatd, transversim et

regulariter tenue sulcatd ; sulcis antice minoribus, in medio la-

tioribus eminentioribusque, postice angustioribus et leviter un-

dulatis ; lunuld lividd, concavd, levigatd, vie distinctd ; ared

elongato-laciniatd, pland, levigatd, lividd, lineis violaceis litu-

ratd ; valvis intus albis; margine cardinali antice et postice

violaceo maculato; sinu pallii angusto, obtuse, marginibus paral-

lelis.

Var. (3. Testd minore, turgidiore, radiis evanescentibus ; valvis

maculis minimis et lineis angulosis irregularibus ornatis.

Hab. Philippines (Puteao). Coll. Cuming.

40. Tapes quaprrrapraTa, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 6.) T. testd

transversd, ellipticd, turgiduld, inequilaterali, utroque latere

obtectd, antice angustiusculd, albo-luted, lineis fuscis, angulatis,

numerosis densissime pictd et quadriradiatd, radiis maculis

quadratis fuscis et albis subarticulatis ; striis transversis regu-

laribus numerosis, depressiusculis, postice planis et latioribus ;

lunuld fusco-violascente, elongato-angustd, politd, fusco dense

lineolatd ; ared angustd, excavatd, in medio maculd violaceo-

lividd notatd ; valvis intus pallide luteis ; sinu pallii lato, semi-

elliptico.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

41. Tapes Grata, Desh. T. testd ovatd, transversd, inequi-

laterali, compressd, antice angustiore et breviore, postice latiore,

obtusd, transversim eleganter tenue sulcatd, albo-flavescente

eleganter lineis fuscis tenuibus reticulata et obsolete radiata,

inferne maculis majoribus albo-fiavescentibus trigonis delineatis ;

umbonibus minimis ; lunuld lanceolata, levigatda, fuscescente li-

turaté ; ared posticali elongato-angustd, maculis transversali-

bus notata ; valvis tenuibus, intus pallide croceis; pallit sinu

horizontali, profundo, elliptico.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

42. Tapes punicea, Desh. T. testd ovato-transversd, inequi-

laterali, convexiusculd, antice breviore, obtusa, attamen attenu-

atd, latere postico latiore, obscure subtruncato, fulvo vel fusco

punctata, irregulariter saturatiore radiatd, maculis albis mini-

mis irregulariter irroratd, longitudinaliter tenue sulcatd, sulcis

inequalibus, posticis latioribus, aliquando duplicatis, sulcis

éransversis decussatis, in medio simplicibus ; lunuld vie perspi-

cud, elongato-lanceolatd, per longitudinem striata ; valvis intus

vivide roseo-purpureis; margine cardinali postice violaceo macu-

lato; sinu pallit lato, parum profundo.

Tapes variegata, ex parte, Sowerby, jun., Thes. Conch. p- 696.

pl. dole. 1435.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

43. TAPES vioLASCENS, Desh. T. testd ovato-angustd, trans-

versa, valde inequilaterali, subrhombed, depressd, marginibus su-

periore et inferiore parallelis, latere antico brevi, oblique declivi,

postico oblique truncato, extus longitudinaliter striata, striis

transversalibus antice et postice decussatd ; striis longitudina-

libus posticalibus latioribus, granoso-asperatis, medianis sim-

plicibus ; lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, pland, viv distinctd, le-

vigatd ; cardine angusto, postice violaceo, dentibus tribus sub-

equalibus ; valvis extus pallide violaceo-griseis, albo triradiatis,

intus rufo-violaceis ; sinu pallit lato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

44. Tapes Japonica, Desh. T. testd ovato-transversd, angustd,

turgiduld, inequilaterali, antice angustd, obtusd, postice sub-

truncatd, longitudinaliter tenue striatd, striis inequalibus, posti-

cis et anticis latioribus, striis transversis decussatis et granu-

losis; lunuld vix perspicud, ovato-lanceolatd ; ared minimd, pland,

levigatd ; valvis albo-griseis, maculis magnis, rregularibus, rufis

in latere postico marmoratis, intus pallide flavidis ; sinu pall

brevi, obtuso, basi dilatato.

Hab. Sea of Japan. Coll. Cuming.

45. Tapes FABAGELLA, Desh. 1. testd elongato-transversd, ine-

quilaterali, compressiusculd, intus extusque candidd, tenui, fra-

gilt, antice breviore, obtusd, postice latiore, oblique truncatd,

margine superiore recto, inferiore arcuato, ewilissime striatd,

striis transversis regularibus, in latere postico multo rarioribus,

lamellosis ; umbonibus parvis levigatis ; lunuld ovato-lanceolatd

via perspicud ; sinu pallii magno, profundo, basi lato, trigono.

Hab, New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

kei) ASNAINMOATIVO VAOLSOATINY

diny 3804 x pay YET PPLHD

TIA eundey Ss 7 90rg

46. Tapes cineREA, Desh. T. testa ovato-transversd, inequi-

laterali, depressd, extremitatibus obtusa, grised, maculis fuscis,

albo subarticulatis, in latere postico radium unicum formanti-

bus, longitudinaliter et inequaliter striata; striis in medio

depressis, simplicibus, antice posticeque crassioribus, striis trans-

versis, brevibus, decussatis ; umbonibus minimis obliquis, postice

granulosis, acutis, approximatis ; lunuld angusta, lanceolata, in

medio concaviusculd ; valvis intus squalide lutescentibus ; sinu

pallit lato, brevi, obtusissimo. :

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

2. On a New Species or SALAMANDER FROM CALIFORNIA.

By J. E. Gray, Pa.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

(Reptilia, Pl. VII.)

Mr. Henry Gurney most kindly sent to the Zoological Society for

exhibition some Reptiles, from Monterey in California, with the de-,

sire that the specimens should afterwards be placed in the British

Museum. Among the rest was a very fine and large specimen of a

Triton, which has much the external appearance of the large white-

spotted Ambyostoma Caroline of the eastern part of the United States

of America. On more minute examination and comparison, it proved

to be quite distinct ; and as I do not find any description of it in any

of the American papers on these animals, I have sent a comparative

description of the two species.

1. AmByostoma Caro.in#&, Gray, Cat. Amph. B. M. 35.

Brown; small spot over orbit, large spot on each side the occiput,

on each leg near the joint, and a series down each side of the back

and tail, white; palatine teeth in a short, nearly straight line, be-

tween and not reaching to the internal nostrils, and with a separate

small group of teeth behind each internal nostril.

2. AMBYOSTOMA CALIFORNIENSE.

Black ; sides of lips, lower part of neck, body and tail, and limbs,

with large white spots; palatine teeth in an elongated angular trans-

verse line, bent forwards in the middle and extending to the outer

edge of the hinder part of the internal nostril.

Hab. California, Monterey, in a well (Gurney).

A smaller white spot on each side of the back, not symmetrical ;

the one on the right side being much in front of the other.

Ambyostoma punctulatum, Gray, Cat. Amph. B. M. 37, has the

tongue free on the side, and is nearly allied to the genus Plethodon :

the palatine teeth are very indistinct, not forming a regular ridge.

3. Description oF a New Species or Tortoise (Testupo

PLANICEPS), FROM THE GaLAPAGOs ISLANDS.

By J. E. Gray, Pa.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.B.S. erc.

After the examination of the specimens of the large Black Tor-

toise (Testudo Indica) in the various English and continental col-

lections, including the specimens which had served Schweiger, Schle-

gel, Fitzinger, Dumeril and Bibron, and others, as the types of spe-

cies, I placed them all in the ‘Catalogue of the Tortoises, Croco-

diles and Amphisbzenians in the Collection of the British Museum,’

as varieties of a single, very variable species, which had been scat-

tered by man in different tropical parts of the globe. I see no cause

to change my opinion with respect to the head now about to be de-

scribed, even should it prove to be that of a black species, which is

possible, as the black species is the only one known which has any

affinity to it in point of size. The skull now described was sent to

Haslar Hospital, and said to have been taken from a specimen brought

from the Galapagos Islands. The Black Tortoise of those islands has

been described by Dr. Harlan under the name of Testudo elephan-

topus ; but his figure and description so exactly agree with the adult

Testudo Indica, and the specimen in the Gardens of the Zoological

Society brought from the Galapagos Islands, is so exactly similar to

the specimen of Testudo Indica from the Mauritius, that I cannot

think that the usual Galapagos Tortoise is different from that spe-

cies, or like the skull here noticed. I therefore propose to designate

this species by the provisional name of Testudo planiceps. The fol-

lowing comparative statement of the characters presented by this

skull and that of 7. Indica, will show the differences which exist be-

tween them.

Testupo Inpica.

Skull high, convex.

Forehead convex, rounded to the

nose-cavity; broad between the

eyes.

Temples flat behind.

Cheeks small, four-sided.

Edge of the jaw between the nose-

cavity and the mouth narrow

and rounded.

Nose-cavity oblong, nearly twice

as high as broad, contracted on

each side above. :

Palate broad, oblong, very deeply

concave, and with concave con-

verging sides in front.

TESTUDO PLANICEPS.

Skull much-depressed, flat.

Forehead flat, with a rapid de-

clivity towards the nose-cavity ;

narrow between the eyes.

Temples produced, bent in be-

hind.

Cheeks large, subtrigonal.

Edge of the jaw between the nose-

cavity and the mouth high and

erect.

Nose-cavity nearly square, scarce-

ly higher than broad, and very

little contracted above.

Palate narrow, nearly lozenge-

shaped, truncated behind, rather

deeply concave, with straight

converging sides in front.

Testupo Inpica. TESTUDO PLANICEPS.

Sphenoid bone deeply concave | Sphenoid bone flat beneath, under

beneath, under the condyle. the condyle.

Lower jaw narrowed and rounded | Lower jaw convex and erect in

in front, not more than half as front, and as high as behind.

high as behind.

These descriptions are taken from skulls of nearly the same size,

as proved by the following measurements :—

Testudo Testudo

Indica. laniceps.

Length from condyle to front of lip........ BE as Me i

from occipital crest to nose-cavity... 52 58

Of PRlAerCONCSVILY oi. oe ans = OF 26

Reig al Convles, ete sie dayy oe tte ne A 43

at ends of temporal bones .......... 44 32

of palate concavity in middle........ 13 1

betweenvarhits, 2. o> tk Sake se hash 2 12

Height from back of upper lip to top of head 2% 1g

of front of lower jaw .............. & l

Lenpth of nasaf opemme 22.82 SUS Oo 2 ls

January 25, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A portion of a letter from Mr. Louis Fraser, H.M. Consul at Whi-

dah, was read, in which the writer mentioned that he had received

accounts of the occurrence of a large Ape in the vicinity of Fernando

Po. He says it has only been brought down to the colony on two

or three occasions. The natives call it Tap-par-po-har, and sup-

pose it to be a Chimpanzee ; but from the description they give of it,

he thinks it must be a Cynocephalus. The people say it is as large

as a man, that it has a long head and a very short tail, and that it

barks like a dog. He adds that there are curious tales current about

the animal, which he will endeavour to collect.

The following papers were also read :—

1. Descriptions or Two NEw Birps, FROM FERNANDO Po.

By Louis Fraser.

Buso Pornsis, Fraser.

Brownish yellow, each feather barred with brown, the brown pre-

dominating on the crown, shoulders and middle of the back; tail

above barred with brown and greyish brown alternately ; twelve bars

of each colour. }

Total length 16 inches; gape, 12; wing, 12; tail, 7; tarsi, 14.

Hab. Fernando Po. po

Killed in June. The specimen from which the above description

was taken is the only one that has been seen by the town’s-people ;

consequently I presume it is very scarce, at least in this part (Cla-

rence) of the island. The natives say it destroys fowls, which here

roost in the trees.

Native name ‘Oko.’ This is evidently a generic term, as the same

name is applied to my Striw Poensis.

Buceros Poensts, Fraser.

Female by dissection. Head and neck maroon, the feathers of

the head standing out in apparent disorder, as in Buceros comatus ;

the rest of the plumage black, the back and tail having bronze

reflections ; the four outer tail-feathers terminated with white.

Cere czerulean-blue ; upper part of throat-sac French-white, middle

a blending of French-white and blue, terminated with czerulean-blue ;

these fleshy parts are much wrinkled; legs and feet deep blue.

Total length 30 inches; gape, 6; wing, 143; tail, 13; tarsi, 13.

Hab. Fernando Po.

Killed in the month of July, in deep moult.

Native name, ‘Oon-cot-to.’ The natives say it cries, as it flies,

‘ How-oo-ar, how-oo-ar, how-oo-ar.’. Very shy. Makes its nest in

holes of very large trees, in the dry season; lays two eggs. These

birds used to be common in the neighbourhood of Clarence, but since

the introduction of guns they have been much shot, and have retired

to the mountain.

Palm oil nuts, only, were found in the gizzard, which was soft,

almost like a stomach ; skin very thin and difficult to prepare. Be-

tween the skin and body appeared to be air-cells.

The male is said to differ materially, but I have not been fortu-

nate enough to procure a specimen.

2. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOURTEEN NEW SPECIES OF MACTRA, IN

THE CoLLECTION oF Mr. Cumine. By G. P. Desuayes.

1. Macrra compianata, Desh. WM. testa transversin trigona,

depressa, equilaterali, securiformi, levigata, alba, utroque latere

equaliter obtusa; latere antico posticali equante; margine in-

feriore acuto, regulariter arcuato; lunula magna, elongato-lan-

ceolata, sulco impresso circumdata, in medio prominente; area

elongata, ovato-lanceolata, impressa, plana, angulo duplici circum-

scripta; umbonibus parvis, recurvis, acuminatis ; valvis tenuibus,

intus candidissimis ; lamina cardinali lata, tenui; dentibus late-

ralibus brevibus, lamellosis, triangularibus, abrupte truncatis; sinu

pallit brevi, semielliptico, descendente.

Hab, Yndian Ocean. Coll. Cuming and Deshayes.

2. Macrra sutcaTartisA, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

equilaterali, turgidula, utraque extremitate equaliter obtusa, trans-

versim sulcata, ad apices levigata, flava ; umbonibus depressis, vio-

luceis, albo triradiatis, lunula areaque magnis, eleganter plicatis ;

valvis intus albo-flavescentibus ; cardine angusto ; foveola ligamenti

obliqua ; dentibus lateralibus compressis, brevibus.

Hab. ——? Coll. Cuming.

8. Macrra Reever, Desh. M. testa rotundato-trigona, inflata,

solida, subequilaterali, transversim obsolete striata, epidermide

tenui, straminea, tenue striato-lamellosa, vestita, albo-rufescente,

maculis sparsis, inequalibus, fuscis ornata, postice castaneo macu-

lata; latere antico paulo breviore late rotundato; postico at-

tenuato declivi, brevi, truncato ; umbonibus prominulis, approwi-

matis, cordiformibus ; lunula cordiformi, plana, levigata; area

magna, planulata, angulis duobus distantibus circumscripta ; car-

dine crasso; fossula basi producta ; sinu pallit brevissimo, semi-

circulari; valvis intus albis, in latere postico fusco maculatis.

Hab. New Caledonia. Coll. Cuming.

4. Macrra pura, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, depressiuscula,

crassa, solida, equilaterali, in medio gibbosiore, transversim in-

equaliter et obsolete striata, candidissima, sub epidermide tenut

flavescente ; umbonibus brevibus, depressis ; latere antico obtuso,

postico subangulato; lunula obsolete circumscripta, ovato-elon-

gata, eleganter plicata; area magna, angulo obtuso circumdata,

linea impressa, marginata, plicata ; sinu pallit brevissimo, angusto,

subsemicirculari.

Hab. Australia. Coll. Cuming.

5. Macrra quapRanGuLarRis, Desh. WM. testa ovato-subqua-

drangulari, tenui, tumida, cordiformi, subequilaterali, superne

inferneque «qualiter convera, squalide albo-grisea, epidermide

flavescente, tenuissima, vestita, transversim striata, ad umbones

levigata ; latere antico subtruncato, lato, posticali subequante ;

umbonibus tumidis, oblique cordatis, approximatis; lunula non

circumscripta, eleganter plicata ; area ovata, zonula levigata, cir-

cumdata, in medio plicata; valvis tenuibus, intus squalide albis,

postice rubro-violascente maculatis ; cardine angusto, dentibus

lateralibus lamellosis ; sinu pallii brevi, subtrigono, apice obtuso.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

6. Macrra vENERIFORMIS, Desh. WM. testa orbiculato-subtri-

gona, inflata, convexissima, cordiformi, subequilaterali, antice

obtusa, postice longiore, angulata, transversim regulariter striata,

ad umbones levigata, squalide alba vel grisea, postice intus ex-

tusque violaceo maculata; latere antico lato, obtuso, postico de-

clivi, plano, angulo obtuso inferne terminato ; umbonibus tumidis,

prominentibus, oblique cordatis; lunula areaque latis, ovatis,

regulariter plicatis ; valvis intus albis, cardine angusto, dentibus

lateralibus brevibus, crassis, prominentibus, equalibus ; sinu pallit

brevi, lato, subsemicirculari.

Hab. Seas of China and Japan. Coll. Cuming and Deshayes.

7. Mactra cornEA, Desh. WM. testa magna, ovato-trigona, tur-

gida, tenui, inequilaterali, transversim tenue et irregulariter

striata, squalide corneo-flavida, intus alba pallide violascente,

zonulis saturatioribus interrupta ; latere antico breviori, late ob-

tuso, subsemicirculari, latere postico attenuato, superne longe de-

clivi, recto, inferne obtuse angulato ; margine inferiore regulariter

convexo; lunula plana, indistincta, tenue striata; area elongato-

lanceolata, excavata, angulo obtuso circumdata; umbonibus an-

gustis, acutissimis, prominentibus, oblique incurvatis, violaceo-

lividis ; cardine lato, tenui; dentibus lateralibus lamellosis, latis,

postico longiore, cardine proximo; sinu pallii brevissimo, lato,

obtuso, basi dilatato.

Hab. Chinese Sea. Coll. Cuming.

8. Macrra eximsa, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, equilate-

rali, utroque latere equaliter obtusa, levigata, polita, epidermide

decidua, flavescente vestita, pallide rufescente, eleganter albo mul-

tiradiata, radtis inequalibus, inequaliter distantibus; lunula

magna, ovata, in medio carinata, areaque eleganter plicatis ; um-

bonibus tumidulis, acutis, oppositis ; valvis tenuibus, intus albis ;

cardine angusto ; dentibus lateralibus magnis, lamellosis, inequa-

libus, antico majore; sinu pallii brevissimo, lato, regulariter

arcuato.

Hab. Australia (Moreton Bay). Coll. Cuming.

9. Macrra mera, Desh. MM. testa ovato-trigona, turgidula,

levigata, nitida, inequilaterali, corneo-flavicante, ad umbones

rubescente, zonulis transversalibus saturatioribus, distanter inter-

ruptis, intus corneo-rufescente ; latere antico paulo breviore, ob-

tuso, superne declivi et convevxiusculo; latere postico attenuato,

valde declivi, umbones versus convexiusculo ; umbonibus depressis,

parum obliquis, approximatis, acutis ; lunula areaque ovatis, tumi-

dulis, regulariter plicatis ; linea ventrali pallii latissima; sinu

postico brevi, obtuso, ad apicem parum dilatato ; dentibus latera-

libus magnis, compressis, lamellosis, in valva dextra duplicatis.

Hab. Chinese Sea. Coll. Cuming.

10. Macrra opesa, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, inequilaterali,

crassa, tumida, cordiformi, antice obtusa, postice angulata, levi-

gata, alba, sub epidermide tenuissima griseo-flavescente, tenue et

regulariter striata; umbonibus tumidulis, oblique cordatis; area

lunulaque ovatis, regulariter striato-plicatis, planis ; valvis crassis,

intus albis ; sinu pallit brevi, lato, semielliptico ; dentibus latera-

libus compressis, antico breviore, eminentiore.

Hab. Torres Straits. Coll. Cuming and Deshayes.

11. Macrra mrererricirormis, Desh. M. testa ovato-trigona,

inflata, turgida, cordiformi, inequilaterali, levigata, albo-grisea,

apicibus atro-violacea, epidermide fuscescente, transversim striata,

vestita, antice obtusa, postice angustiore, angulata ; latere antico

lato, plano, regulariter sulcato ; area elongato-ovata, angulo ob-

tuso circumdata, eleganter sulcata; umbonibus tumidis, promi-

nentibus, oblique cordatis ; valvis crassis, intus lilacinis ; cardine

angusto, in medio prominentiore ; dentibus lateralibus lamellosis,

antico breviore et eminentiore ; sinu pallii brevi, lato, vie inflexo.

Hab. Port Essington. Coll. Cuming.

12. Macrra Cuviert, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, tenui, fra-

gili, tumidissima, cordiformi, inequilaterali, trunsversim irregu-

lariter et obsolete striata, cuticula tenuissima, pellucida, flaves-

cente vestita, alba, radiis rubescentibus, roseo maculatis picta ;

umbonibus tumidis, cordatis, involutis, oppositis, separatis ; latere

antico longiore, tumido, dilatato, obtuso; lunula magna, ovata,

concaviuscula, tenue et regulariter striata; latere postico brevi,

declivi, sensim attenuato, subrostrato, cuneiformi; area angus-

tissima, elongata, impressa, duplici, sulco marginata ; valvis tenu-

ibus intus albis, in latere postico rufo-castaneo maculatis ; cardine

angusto, dentibus lateralibus lamellosis, brevibus, prominentibus ;

sinu pallit lato, brevissimo,

Hab. Molluccas. Coll. Cuming.

13. Macrra #QUILATERALIS, Desh. WM. testa triangulari, equi-

laterali, tumida, levigata, antice striata, albo-grisea, cuticula fla-

vescente vestita, antice posticeque angulata, latere antico posticali

subequante, latere postico plano, lato, angulo acuto circum-

scripto ; lunula permagna, depressa, areaque levigatis; valvis

crassis, intus nitidis, albo-griseis ; cardine angusto, crasso, brevi ;

dente cardinali parvo, dentibus lateralibus crassis, brevibus, an-

tico longiore ; sinu pallii lato, profundo, semielliptico.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

14. Macrra symmetrica, Desh. UM. testa trigona, equilaterali,

turgidula, levigata, nitida, ad marginem inferiorem transversim

sulcata, pallide flavicante, lateribus equaliter declivibus et atte-

nuatis, superne convexiusculis, margine inferiore regulariter ar-

cuato ; lunula areaque equalibus, eleganter striato-plicatis, pli-

cis ad peripheriam abrupte terminatis ; umbonibus minimis, acutis,

oppositis, antice macula violacea notatis ; cardine angusto, fossula

brevi, luta, dentibus lateralibus subequalibus, parum prominenti-

bus ; sinu pallii brevi, angusto, obtuso, horizontali.

Hab. New Caledonia. Coll. Cuming.

3. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF CLEMENTIA,

IN THE COLLECTION OF HuGH Cuming, Esa.

By G. P. DesHayes.

1. Crementia Strancet, Desh. C. testa ovato-subtrigona, ob-

lique inequilaterali, tenui, papyracea, candida, translucida, trans-

versim regulariter intus extusque plicata et obsolete striata, antice

brevi, lata, obtusissima, postice angustiore, obtusa; umbonibus

prominulis, parum obliquis ; lunula vie distincta, depressa ; area

angusta, sublevigata ; sinu pallii elongato, triangulari, ad apicem

convexiusculo, oblique ascendente.

Hab. Australia (Moreton Bay). Coll. Cuming.

No. CCXLIX.—Proceepinecs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

2. CiuementiA Moretonensis, Desh. C. testa ovato-subtri-

gona, turgidula, inequilaterali, candida, opaca, calcarea, trans-

versim irregulariter rugoso-striata, punctis confusis, irregulari-

bus, dense aspersa; latere antico brevi, lato, obtuso, postico de-

clivi, obtuso ; umbonibus acutis, prominulis, obliquis ; lunula de-

pressa, ovato-oblonga, vie distincta; area profunda, levigata,

angulo obtuso circumdata ; valvis tenuibus, fragilibus, intus can-

didissimis ; sinu pallii maximo, trigono, basi late aperto, lateribus

angulum fere rectum formantibus.

Hab. Australia (Moreton Bay). Coll. Cuming.

February 8, 1853.

John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read. :—

1. Descrirrions OF SOME New Species or ENTOZOA FROM

THE COLLECTION OF THE British Museum.

By W. Barrp, M.D., F.L.S.

(Annulosa, Pl. XXX. XXXI.)

Class Enrozoa.

Order NEMATOIDEA.

Family Ascarip&.

Genus ASCARIS.

1. ASCARIS SIMILIS.

Ascaris similis, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 19. t. 1. f. 1.

Head small; mouth with three small valves slightly projecting be-

yond the margin. Anterior portion of body much narrower than

posterior. Tail rounded, thick, obtuse. Females spirally twisted in

many convolutions ; of a dark olive colour. Males straight to within

a short distance of tail, which is inflected ; of a whitish colour. Skin

of body minutely and finely striated across. Wing extending along

the whole length and becoming thicker and stronger at inferior ex-

tremity. Length of male 2 inches, breadth 1 line. Length of female

13 inch, breadth 3 of a line.

This species resembles the 4, osculata from the Phoca vitulina,

but differs in having the wing stronger and thicker at inferior extre-

mity, in having the head and mouth smaller, and in the skin of the

body being finely striated across.

Hab. Stomach of a Seal from Antarctic Seas ; collected during the

late Antarctic expedition. Brit. Mus.

Proc. ZS, Annulosa. XXX

RAP oi

G.H.Ford. Irth,

# Ford & Vest, Tmp

LAscaris leevissima. Baird 2.Mermis rigidusB. 3.Cardms violaceus.B. 4 C.pustulosus.B

§.G.spaerura.5. 6.C.fasciatus.B. 7 Pentastama annulatum.B.

2. Ascaris LavisstmA. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 1.)

Ascaris levissima, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 25.

Head small, in form of a narrow circular rim; valves of mouth

large and distinct, of a triangular shape, divided at the tip into two

lobes, each of which again is broadly emarginate. Between each of

the valves, at their base, is a small smooth tubercle or prominence.

Body round, very smooth, of a rather dark olive colour, marked with

numerous very fine smooth longitudinal les, and occasional very

distinct red circular lines at irregular distances ; tapering at both ex-

tremities, narrower at posterior extremity. Qn each side of the body

is a smooth narrow band of a lighter colour, which runs the whole

length, and has the appearance at first sight of a wing, but is not

raised. Length 10 inches; greatest breadth 4 lines.

Hab. ? India; from the Collection of General Hardwicke.

Brit. Mus.

3. ASCARIS BIFARIA.

Ascaris bifaria, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 26. t. 1. f. 2.

Head rather small; valves rounded, wrinkled transversely and

slightly bifid at the upper margin. Body round, much narrower at

anterior than posterior extremity. Anterior third of body surrounded

with numerous very close-set, circular, raised strie. Remainder of

body smooth, with the strize not raised and about one-fourth of a line

apart from each other, till within about half an inch of inferior ex-

tremity, which is large and obtuse, when it again becomes surrounded

with numerous raised circular lines or striee which give it a wrinkled

appearance. The tail terminates in a papilla, and the anus is lunar-

shaped and situate at the base of the papilla about half a line from

the extremity. The whole surface, in addition to the raised lines or

strie, is covered with exceedingly fine and immensely numerous

striee. A line runs down each side of the body throughout its whole

length. Length 9 inches, breadth 5 lines.

Hab. ? From Korea. Collected by Capt. Sir E. Belcher, C.B.

Brit. Mus.

Family Gorpi1pz.

Genus Merits.

1. MERMIS SPIRALIS.

Mermis spiralis, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 35. t. 1. f. 3.

About 7 inches in length and } mill. in breadth ; of a red colour,

rigid and twisted into many spiral convolutions. Anterior and poste-

rior extremities obtuse. Body of equal size throughout and quite

smooth.

Hab. Abdomen of a species of Grasshopper from Rio Janeiro.

Brit. Mus.

2. Mermis rigipus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 2.)

Mermis rigidus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 35.

Body of a light amber colour, smooth and very shining, narrow

at upper extremity, very soon becoming thicker and terminating at

inferior extremity in an obtusely conical point. The animal is very

rigid and stiff throughout its whole length. Length 10% inches,

breadth about 3 a line.

Hab. ? Coll. Brit. Mus.

Genus GorpIwvs.

A. Body smooth.

1. GoRDIUS PLATYURA.

Gordius platyura, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 36. t. 1.f. 4.

Body of a uniform dull white colour, quite smooth, with a depressed

line on one side throughout its whole length, obscurely ringed at un-

equal distances, narrower at anterior extremity and terminating in

a broad flattish tail, which is slightly bifid. Length of animal 32

inches, breadth of middle portion of body about } a line; tail 1 line

broad.

Hab. Jamaica? From the Collection of Sir Hans Sloane. Brit.

Mus. °

B. Epidermis granulated.

2. GORDIUS VERRUCOSUS.

Gordius verrucosus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 36. t. 1. f. 5.

Body black, covered all over with innumerable small, raised warty

papillee, round and very stiff like a piece of wire. An impressed line

runs on each side through the whole length. Head small. Anterior

extremity narrower than posterior, Length 6 inches, breadth about

+ a line.

Hab. 8. Africa? (Male). From the Collection of Dr. A. Smith.

Brit. Mus.

3. Gorpius viotacEus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 3.)

Gordius violaceus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 36.

Body of a dark brown colour; apparently srnooth, but under a

high magnifying power completely covered with small flattish-look-

ing papillze, and ringed transversely with very slightly raised circular

lines, about one-half or one-third of a millimetre apart from each

other ; tapering slightly at upper extremity, and gradually becoming

thicker at inferior. Along the whole length of the body, on each

side, runs a pretty deep sulcus or groove, interrupting the circular

Ines. Length 11 inches 3 lines, breadth about 3 a line.

epg Abdomen of Carabus violaceus from Berwickshire. Brit.

Vis.

4. Gorvivs pustuLosus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 4.)

Gordius pustulosus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 37.

Body of a light brown colour, not ringed across, completely covered

with minute flattish-looking papille, and numerous larger raised dots

or small warty protuberances intermixed, tapering considerably at

superior extremity, and becoming gradually thicker towards the

tail, which is obtuse and marked across with a deep indentation.

Along the whole length of the body runs a deep groove on one side

only. Length 8} inches, breadth } mill.

Hab. Abdomen of Blaps obtusa, from the neighbourhood of Lon-

don. Brit. Mus.

When brought to the Museum it had just emerged from the Blaps,

and was then 4 inches long and about the diameter of a horse-hair.

It was placed in water and kept alive for a day or two, at the end of

which time it had grown to double its original size, in both length

and diameter.

5. Gorpius sPH#RURA. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 5.)

Gordius spherura, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 112.

Male: nearly black, quite smooth, flattened throughout its whole

length, and nearly of equal size throughout. Length 16 inches,

breadth 3 a line.

Female: of a dark brown, smooth, but rather deeply. notched

across, the notched lines occurring now on one side, now on another,

but never going quite round the body, and at times presenting an

appearance as if it were divided into numerous segments. The body

is of nearly equal size throughout its length till it reaches the tail,

which is somewhat swollen and club-shaped. Length 14 inches,

breadth about J line.

Hab. Khasyan Hills, India. Collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker.

Brit. Mus.

6. Gorpius rascratus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 6.)

Body smooth, skin prettily shagreened with very fine lines cross-

ing each other in opposite directions, of a light colour banded with

broad patches of dark brown. Anterior extremity smaller than

posterior, and roughened with raised circular ridges, which extend for

about three lines, and as well as posterior extremity of a very dark

colour, almost black. Length 113 inches, breadth about 1 milli-

metre.

Only one specimen ¢?.

Hab. N. America. Brit. Mus.

Order ACANTHOTHECA.

Genus PENTASTOMA.

1. PENTASTOMA MEGACEPHALUM.

Pentastoma megacephalum, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 39.t.2.f.1.

Female: body yellowish white, somewhat depressed and termi-

nating anteriorly in a large, thick, club-shaped head. The dorsal

surface is depressed at the edges, rounded and very prominent in

the centre and transversely ridged. The ventral surface is more

flattened, ridged and wrinkled ; with the mouth in a hollow depres-

sion, surrounded by four strong, brown, simple hooks. The part

of the body immediately beneath the head is very strongly ridged

transversely, each of the first six ridges being wavedly wrinkled.

The length of the whole body is about 11 lines. The head is 5 lines

broad, and the middle portion of the body about 35 lines, dimi-

nishing in size towards the tail. The oviduct is very long, the por-

tion outside the body being 2 inches in length. ?

Male? Longer than female, about 14 lines long; covered with a

smooth skin which is slightly ridged across, and has at its inferior

extremity a small sharp papilla, about 2 of a line in length and

brown at the tip (the penis?). The inferior extremity is rounder

than in the female, but otherwise the form of the animal is nearly

the same.

Hab. Imbedded in the flesh of the head of a Soonderbund Croco-

dile, Crocodilus palustris, from India. Brit. Mus.

2. PENTASTOMA ANNULATUM. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 7.)

Pentastoma annulatum, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 113.

Body white, elongate-cylindrical, nearly of the same size at each

extremity, strongly ringed; rings raised, about twenty-eight in

number, one line distant from each other. A dark blue line runs

through the whole length of body on one side. Circumference of

body 5 lines, length of body 2} inches.

Hab. In the lungs of the Egyptian Cobra, Naja Haye. Collection

of Dr. Crisp.

Order TREMATODA.

Genus Distoma.

1. DistoMA MICROCEPHALUM.

Distoma microcephalum, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 58. t. 2. f. 2.

Body of an elongated oval or lanceolate shape, of a slightly yellow-

ish white colour, plicated transversely, the folds being very fine ;

head narrow, obtuse, separated from the body by a contraction; pos-

terior extremity obtusely lanceolate ; dorsal surtace slightly convex ;

ventral surface nearly flat or somewhat concave ; anterior sucker

small, terminal; ventral sucker larger, round, prominent, sur-

rounded by au elevated thickened edge, and situated within 3 milli-

metres of the former; organs of generation placed half-way between

the two suckers in the form of an elevated papilla. Length from 6 to 8

lines, greatest breadth 1} line.

Hab. Stomach of the spinous Shark, Acanthias vulgaris, from

Falmouth Harbour. Brit. Mus.

Order CesTorpEA.

Genus TETRARHYNCHUS.

1. TeTRARHYNCHUS RUGOSUS.

Tetrarhynchus rugosus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 69, t. 2. f. 3.

Body flattish, thick, exceedingly rugose, almost tuberculated, the

ruge extending right across the body, which is of a white colour.

Head conical, thicker than the body and about one-fifth the length

of it. Bothria inversely heart-shaped (the broader part being at the

lower margin), deep, divided at the bottom by a narrow septum ;

edges thick and raised. Proboscides round and club-shaped at their

tips. Inferior extremity of body, as it were, truncate. Total length

(in spirits) 103 lines, breadth of head 23 lines, of lower part of body

3 lines, bothria 2 lines in length.

In one specimen the head is much broader than the inferior extre-

mity of the body, being about 3 lines broad, while the inferior extre-

mity is only 2 lines and is terminated by a heart-shaped appendage

of about 1 line long and of a light-rose colour (the male’).

Hab. Taken alive from the lower intestine of a salmon. Brit.

Mus.

2. TETRARHYNCHUS STRANGULATUS.

Tetrarhynchus strangulatus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 69,

tab. 2. f. 4.

Body flat, of a light yellowish colour, thickish, elegantly and mi-

nutely striated across and marked with slight longitudinal sulci, which

run the whole length of the body. The head is narrower than the

portion of the body which immediately succeeds it, is about 4 lines

in length, longitudinally sulcated on the sides, smooth on the two

faces, and distinctly separated from the body by a contraction

which gives the appearance, as it were, of a shoulder to the com-

mencement of the body. The bothria are shallow, oval-shaped and

divided at the bottom by a septum, which, at about the half of its

length, divides into two portions; the edges are raised and thickened.

Proboscides short and stout; the inferior part of the body terminates

in a blunt conical papilla. Length from 1} to 23 inches; breadth

from 2 to 34 lines.

Hab. ? From Chusan. Brit. Mus.

Genus TANIA.

1. Tania BREMSERI.

Tenia Bremseri, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 73, t. 2. f. 5.

Head of a moderate size, surrounded with a double crown composed

of upwards of twenty small hooks; neck very short. Articulations

of body numerous, at first very small and nearly oblong, gradually

enlarging in size as they descend, and becoming campanulate. They

are marked with numerous fine transverse lines, which again are

crossed by several strong longitudinal lines or grooves. The inferior

angles of each joint are slightly prolonged into a point, and the margin

is somewhat thickened (especially in the lower joints of body) and

undulately waved or slightly scalloped. Orifices of ovaries irregularly

alternate. Length of specimens about 7 inches; greatest breadth

about 23 lines.

Hab. In the Crocodile of the Soonderbund, Crocodilus palustris,

from Bengal. Brit. Mus.

2. Tmnza caLvA. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI. fig. 1.)

Tenia calva, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 83.

Head small, rounded and smooth, white and shining. Mouth

unarmed. Neck constricted. Articulations of body at first very

small, gradually enlarging in breadth as they descend till they reach

about the middle of the body, where they are still narrow, linear-

shaped and about seven times broader than long. After this they

begin to increase in length and diminish in breadth, becoming at first

nearly square, and at last, near the extremity, nearly twice as long

as broad. All the articulations are strongly striated across, and the

upper and lower margins, where they join with each other, are con-

siderably thickened. Length 53 inches, greatest breadth 33 lmes,

breadth of lower extremity 1 millimetre, of head {th of a mill.

Had. Intestines of the common Grouse, Lagopus Scoticus. Brit.

Mus.

3. Tania Goezil.

Tenia Goezii, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 78.

Articulations of body very short and numerous. Inferior margins

straight. Genital orifices opposite, situated on or near the lower

edge of each joint; the lemniscus projected out in form of an ele-

vated papilla which curves downwards. Unfortunately the head is

wauting. Greatest breadth of body 6 lines, length of articulations

about 4 a line.

This species differs from T. expansa and denticulata (to which

species it approaches) in having the posterior or inferior border or

edge of each articulation smooth and rounded, instead of being cre-

nulated or undulated ; and in having the genital orifices situated on

the lower edge of the articulation, instead of in the middle.

Hab. ? Brit. Mus.

4, Tanta ZepERI. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI. fig. 2.)

Tenia Zederi, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 85.

Articulations of body of moderate size, campanulate-shaped, lower

margins of each more or less crenated and thickened ; at first they

are short, they then become longer and narrower as they descend.

The greatest breadth is about 2 lines. The whole body is of a yellow-

ish-white colour. Unfortunately the specimens are imperfect at the

upper extremity and want the head. The orifices of the genital

organs are irregularly alternate.

Hab. Stomach of a Penguin from the Antarctic Seas. Collected

during the late Antarctic expedition. Brit. Mus.

5. Tania FALCIFoRMIs. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI. fig. 3.)

Tenia faleiformis, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 116.

Head conical; proboscis unarmed? ; suckers large, oval-shaped ;

no neck ; body at anterior extremity very narrow, almost linear,

gradually enlarging as it descends; articulations very numerous,

extremely narrow. The body is flat and is curved like a sickle.

Proc. 7.8. Annulosa. XXXI

Ford & West, Imp

GH Ford lith.

1 Teenia Ried 27 ZederiB. 3T falciformis B. 4Bothriocephalus antarcticus.B

Genital orifices

part | line.

Hab.

Mus.

? Length about 23 inches, breadth at broadest

? Collected during the Euphrates expedition. Brit.

Genus BoTHRIOCEPHALUS.

1. BoruriocePHALus ANTARCTICUS. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI.

fig. 4.)

Bothriocephalus antarcticus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 90.

Head conical, elongated, smooth, with two lateral opposite fossettes.

At the lower margin of each fossette there are two small rounded

projecting lobes. Body rounded; from the neck someway downwards

it is quite round or cylindrical, and the articulations are very

numerous and very small, appearing like mere ridges across. Lower

down, the body becomes flatter and the joints larger and more deve-

loped ; lower margin thin. An impressed line runs along the centre

of the body through its whole length. Length about 9 inches,

greatest breadth of body about 3 lines.

Hab. In the stomach and intestines of a Seal caught about and

within the Antarctic Circle. Collected during the late Antarctic

Expedition. Brit. Mus.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Pu. XXX.

. Ascaris levissima, Baird :—nat. size. 1a. Head :—magnified.

eal

Fig. 2. Mermis rigidus, Baird :—nat. size.

Fig. 3. Gordius violaceus, Baird :—nat. size. 3a. Portion of body :—magnified.

Fig. 4. Gordius pustulosus, Baird :—nat. size. 4a. Portion of body :—magnified.

Fig. 5. Gordius spherura, Baird :—uat. size. 5a. Portion of body :—magnified.

Fig. 6. Gordius fasciatus, Baird :—nat. size. 6a. Portion of body :—magnified.

. Pentastoma annulatum, Baird :—nat. size. 7a. Head :—magnified.

Pu. XXXI.

. 1. Tenia calva, Baird :-—nat. size. 1a. Head :—magnified.

. Tenia Zederi, Baird :—nat. size.

- Tenia faleiformis, Baird :—nat. size. 3a. Head :—magnified.

. Bothriocephalus antarcticus, Baird :—nat. size. 4a. Head :—magnified.

seed

Pope

2. DrscripTion or THE ANIMAL OF CYCLINA SINENSIS.

By Dr. Jounw Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

The description of this animal was written some ten or twelve

years ago, from a specimen kindly given to me by Mr. John Reeves,

to whom we are indebted for the knowledge of the greater part of

the animals of China and Japan now known to zoologists.

The animal in most particulars agrees with that of the genus Do-

sinia, next to which I proposed to place it, in my paper on the

arrangement of the genera of Veneride, published in the ‘ Annals

and Magazine of Natural History’ for January 1853.

M. Deshayes regards Venus Chinensis as the type of the genus

Cyclina. In his late monograph he has united to this genus the

Lucinopsis of Messrs. Forbes and Hanley; but the description of

the animal here given will show that Lucinopsis is a very distinct

genus, for it has separate siphons, whilst the type of the genus has

the siphons united as in the other Dosiniana. It differs from Do-

sinia in the absence of the anterior lateral tooth.

CYCLINA SINENSIS.

Mantle lobes free the whole length of the lower margin, the lobes

then with a series of radiating muscular bands, a little within the

edge ; united together behind and extended into a compressed, rather

slender, elongated siphon, grooved along the centre of each side and

ending with two apertures; the retractor muscles of the siphons an-

gular; the foot (in spirits) rhombic, very much compressed, inferior,

subcentral, the lower angle rather produced in front; the lips equal,

very long, slender, triangular, more than half the length of the foot ;

the gills large, oblong, elongate, equal.

The crenated margins of the valves of the shell are covered with

the inflexed edge of the hard periostraca; the siphonal inflection is

angular.

3. MonoGrara OF THE Genus ASGOsoMA, SERVILLE, WITH THE

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES ALLIED TO IT.

By Apvam Wurtz, F.L.S.

The genus Agosoma was formed by M. Serville for the reception

of a longicorn beetle, first described by Scopoli under the name of

Cerambyz scabricornis. In this genus the head is produced behind

the eyes into a kind of neck, unlike its congeners, which have the

head retracted into the thorax as far as the eyes. The prothorax is

trapezoidal and contracted in front; the ovipositor of the female is

long and prominent; the antenne in the males are rough, in the

females smooth.

The larva of the European species is found in the trunks of various

kinds of trees ; the perfect insect, according to M. Mulsant, appears

at Lyons in the month of July, and is active at night. M. Serville

alludes to a second species, which he had seen in the collection of

M. Dejean, where it bore the name 4g. affine ; in the following little

monograph will be found descriptions of five new species, all con-

tained in the collection of the British Museum.

ARGOSOMA.

4igosoma, Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.i. 162.—Cerambyz, p. Scop. —

Prionus, p. Fabr.

1. AiGOSOMA SCABRICORNE.

Cerambyz scabricornis, Scop. Ent. Carn. 54.

Prionus scabricornis, Fabr. Syst. El. ii. 258; Oliv. Col. iv. t. 11.

f. 42.9; Latr. R. A. v. p. 108.

Aigosoma scabricorne, Serv. Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. i. 163; Mulsant,

Col. de France, 1. p. 24.

Hab. Europe. Coll. Brit. Mus.

2. /EGosoma sinicum, White. Ag. nigro-brunneum, thorace

medio postice recto, scutello apice subelongato.—Long. lin. 18.

Hab. Shanghai, N. China (Mr. Fortune). Coll. Brit. Mus.

There is a female of this species in the Museum; it comes from

Shanghai, and differs but little from the corresponding sex of the

Aigosoma scabricorne ; it is of a darker brown, the posterior margin

of the thorax over the scutellum is straight, and not slightly notched

as in that species; the scutellum also is more pointed.

3. ASGOSOMA ORNATICOLLE, White. 4g. capite et thorace ni-

gris, verrucis minutis scabriusculis ; thorace plagis quatuor

pilis aureis tectis; elytris obscure ferrugineo-brunneis, sutura

(apice spinigera) margineque nigris ; antennarum articulis ter-

tio quarto et quinto basi asperis.—Long. lin. 25.

Hab. b. Indies. Coll. Brit. Mus.

Head black, covered with small warts, with a smooth lie down the

middle, ending in a small smooth depression in the space between

the antennz. Mandibles strongly punctured, tips and inner edge

smooth: antennz with the basal jot thickly covered with small

warts; the third, fourth and fifth scabrous, the projections more

distant from each other than they are on the basal joint; sixth

and following joints short and smooth. Thorax thickly covered

with small warts, with four small spots covered with golden yellow

hairs; two of these spots on the fore-margin, two on the posterior

margin, somewhat more distant from each other than the two fore

ones; the hairs are all more or less directed towards the centre of

the spot. Elytra smooth, dull ferruginous brown, the suture and

margins black, the suture spined at the apex.

4. ASGOSOMA MARGINALE.

Cerambyx marginalis, Fabr. Syst. El. ii. 280.

Hab. China, Hong Kong (J. C. Bowring, Esq.) ; Cape. of Good

Hope (Fabr.). Coll. Brit. Mus.

5. Aicosoma CrincGaLense, White. Ay. antennarum articulis

tertio et quarto scabriusculis et breviter pilosis ; thorace spina

brevi laterali, dorso excavato ; elytris costatis pilisque flaves-

centibus tectis, sutura apice mutica.—Long. lin. 17-203.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Brit. Mus. and Capt. Parry.

Head between and behind the eyes more or less covered with de-

cumbent yellowish hairs ; antenne with the basal joint scabrous and

punctured ; third joint very long, slightly curved, somewhat rough,

and rather thickly covered with short yellowish hairs; fourth joint

as long as the fifth and sixth joints taken together, somewhat bent,

rather rough, and covered with short yellowish hairs, except at

the tip, which is smooth: the fifth and following joints without

hairs. Thorax with the sides angled, the angle terminating in a

small sharpish spine; the posterior edge margined ; middle of the

back hollowed out, sides somewhat nodulose ; surface punctured and

more or less thickly covered with yellowish adpressed hairs. Scu-

tellum with yellowish adpressed hairs. Elytra very long, rather

flat, with two or three not very prominent cost, and rendered less

distinct. by the yellowish adpressed hairs which more or less thickly

cover the surface; end of the elytra gradually rounded off; suture

without a spine. Abdomen beneath smooth, shining. Legs com-

pressed, somewhat scabrous, brown, with shortish yellow hairs.

6. A.Gosoma SULCIPENNE, White. Ag. thoracis lateribus sub-

parallelis ; elytris tricostatis, apice spina suturali, costis dua-

bus interioribus post medium confluentibus, ad apicem intus

curvatis ; antennis levibus, cinnamomeis.—Long. lin. 10-113.

Hab. E. Indies, Tenasserim (J. D. C. Packman, Esq.). Coll.

Brit. Mus.

Head smooth, not grooved down the middle, chestnut-brown, with

some scattered short yellowish hairs; antennze smooth, cinnamon-

brown; first jomt strongly punctured. Thorax straight in front,

the sides nearly parallel, the posterior angle somewhat projecting ;

the surface slightly scabrous, and rather closely covered with short

golden yellow hairs. Elytra with three prominent keels, the two

inner confluent beyond the middle of the elytra and continued in a

single keel, which is bent inwards near the tip; the outer keel some-

what waved and slightly curved at the end; in the space between it

and the other there is a shorter and less distinct keel, which about

the middle of the elytra passes into small tubercles; the shoulders

and sides of the keels and the spaces between them at the base are

more or less covered with small tubercles; the spaces between the

keels have many short golden yellow adpressed hairs. The spime at

the end of the suture is sharp, as is the outer margin of the elytra.

Legs compressed, brown.

7. ASGOSOMA TIBIALE, White. Ag. thoracis lateribus unispino-

sis, angulis posticis acutis, fere spinosis ; elytris levibus, costa

media distincta, alteraque ad suturam abbreviata ; suture apice

spinoso ; tibiis crassis, tarsis angustis.—Long. lin. 183.

Hab. N. India. Coll. Brit. Mus.

Head short, slightly grooved between the eyes, under side of head

rough. Antenne with the first, second, third and fourth joints

thickly covered with small warts. Thorax with a spine on the lateral

edge about the middle, separated from the produced, somewhat re-

flected posterior angle by a rounded sinus ; surface covered with small

warts and outstanding inconspicuous hairs. Scutellum punctured,

with a raised line in the middle of the base. Elytra smooth, dark

brown, with a distinct costa running nearly to the tip, and another

between that and the suture, vanishing about the middle of the

suture ; elytra rounded at the tip, the suture with a short spine.

Legs with the femora and tibiz thick, the tarsi narrow.

Cyrtonops, White, n. g.

Head with largish eyes, which are hardly if at all emarginated.

Palpi long, with the terminal joint nearly twice the length of the pre-

ceding, obliquely truncated at the tip and covered on each side with

shortish hairs*. Antennze cylindrical, covered with small hairs, third

joint not much longer than the fourth. Thorax rather wider than

long, the sides angulated. Elytra with the sides nearly parallel.

Legs simple ; tibize compressed, and more or less thickly covered with

short hairs.

CYRTONOPS PUNCTIPENNIS, White. OC. brunneo-cinnamomeus,

pilis brevibus erectis flavis tectus ; thorace punctato; scutello

pilis adpressis tecto. lytris obscure tricostatis profunde

punctatis, punctis longitudinaliter ordinatis.—Long. lin. 9-11.

Hab. India. Coll. Brit. Mus.

Of a rich cinnamon-brown, closely covered with short erect yellow-

ish hairs. Thorax irregularly punctured, the punctures running into

each other and sometimes leaving small smooth spaces. Scutellum

rounded at the end, covered with short hairs, which lie close to the

surface. Elytra with three rather indistinct longitudinal coste ; sur-

face, except at the tip, with many deep punctures, more or less regu-

larly arranged in lines; between these are smaller punctures, from

which proceed the hairs.

4. NotrEs oN THE Bovine ANIMALS OF THE MAtaAy PENINSULA.

By GreorcGe WINbDsoR BARL.

1. The Sapi, or Wild Ox of the Malay Peninsula, was scarcely

known to exist until 1850, when Dr. Oxley, and a hunting-party

from Singapore, killed a young cow on the banks of the Muah River.

He described it as 6 feet 2 inches high at the shoulder, from hoof

to dorsal vertebree ; back curved, highest about the centre. Horns

small, curved inwards, white, tipped with black. Forehead flat, with

tuft of long hair, large in the bulls. Hair smooth and silky. Colour

brown, with white about the feet. Mane 2 inches long, running along

the entire back. No dewlap. The bulls are from 7 to 7} feet high.

The flesh is described as delicious. Calves could be obtained with a

little trouble, but I suspect it would be difficult to get a full-grown

animal ; but he would be worth something if caught.

2. The Saladang, another species of wild cattle, is even less known

than the Sapi, as no specimen has yet been shot by Europeans. It

seems to me to be a sort of Bison, or Bos Gaurus. The males are

10 feet high at the shoulder, and they are altogether fiercer and

more formidable than the Sapi, but not so graceful. In my opinion

it would be worth while for the Zoological Society to send a man out

expressly for the purpose of bringing home specimens of these two

* In one of the specimens there is a curious malformation of the palpi; from

the third joint proceed two longish hairy joints, one of them bent.

beasts. The Muah River, where both varieties abound, would be the

best spot to seek them; and Inchi Basow, a Malay chief who takes

great delight in hunting, would soon procure live specimens of each

at a small expense.

3. The Water Buffalo does not seem to be known in England,

although it is common all over the Archipelago. The larger speci-

mens stand 7 feet at the shoulder, sometimes more. Barrel very

large. Legs short and strong. Skin black and wrinkled, and almost

hairless, like that of the Elephant. It is amphibious, and has been

known to swim across straits as wide as the Channel at Dover; in

fact, the way the head is set on the body, with the nose up, and the

horns lying along the back, shows that it is more adapted for the

water than the land, although it is an excellent draught animal, and

at Singapore supplies the place of the Elephant.

4. The Domestic Ox of Bali and Lombok, a large, sleek, thin-

skinned species, as graceful as the Antelope. This would be very

much admired in the Gardens. Specimens can be obtained at Sin-

gapore, but it would be better to get them from Lombok, whence

ships now come direct to England with cargoes of rice. Mr. Lange

of Bali Badong (merchant) would, I have no doubt, forward speci-

mens at a trifling cost.

5. Extracts rrom A Letrer spy Mr. H. Cuurton, rEsPEcT-

ING CoLLectTions In New Zeatanp. CoMMUNICATED BY

Mr. J. STEVENS.

Wanganui, July 24, 1851.

You can form no idea of the great trouble and expense attending

a journey such as you recommend in search of the Notornis. In the

first place, the nature of the country is such, that it is almost im-

possible to penetrate in search of anything; they can only be ob-

tained by the merest chance, or from the natives. In most of the

places where birds are to be obtained you cannot proceed without

cutting your way, and the fern and shrubs are so thick and high,

that if a bird rises close to you you cannot see it. This is the case

with the Pakeko. I have been frequently in places abounding with

them and not got a shot, though they were flying all about me; the

Notornis being of similar habit will be equally difficult to obtain.

In the next place, I should have to charter a small vessel for two

months at least, to take tents, provisions, &c. for myself and men, to

be away from home for perhaps three months, and all for the very

slight chance of meeting with a very rare bird: perhaps ten years

ago, when I did not mind moving, I might have gone, but now I am

snug and comfortable here there is no chance of it; so for me the

Notornis must remain.

There are no positively authentic accounts of living Moas. I have

paid some attention to the subject, and have heard nothing yet that

can be relied on. I think it possible that one species (not the largest)

may yet be discovered in the Middle Island, but it will probably be

some time first, as even the discovery of that bird will hardly pay a

man for undergoing such fatigue and danger as would be necessary

if a person went in search for it. See Mr. Brunner’s journal, who

was eighteen months exploring about 150 miles, and who, had it not

been for his native companions, must have been starved if he had

twenty lives.

The Kakapo is now pretty well known; it appears to be tolerably

abundant on the Middle Island, though probably quite or nearly ex-

tinct on this. I have seen several specimens, and the Acheron

steamer on her late expedition I believe obtained a great many, as

well as Kiwis, so that, on her return to England, I suppose there will

be plenty.

I have had good accounts from the natives of a very large Kiwi

existing within their memory, but now supposed to be extinct on this

island ; it is represented as being at least four feet high. Perhaps

that may be still found on the other island. There are also names

for five or six other good-sized ground birds, such as large rails, &c.,

lately existing here, but since the introduction of so many dogs and

cats, supposed to be extinct. One was shot the other day near the

town, of a species of which I had seen but one specimen previously ;

it may be Rallus assimilis, but I have not the skins to compare.

There is also, about thirty miles from here, a very pretty little duck

_or teal, which is not described. These are the only novelties I have

seen since my return. I have had several Kiwis brought me, and

also a few eggs; I had one for breakfast, which was very good and

quite enough for one. I sent one last year to the British Museum.

I have made many inquiries about the extinct native rat, but there

are certainly none now to be obtained, though formerly they were so

numerous as to form a principal article in feasts, and were considered

avery great delicacy ; they lived on berries, &c., and were like lumps

of fat; it is possible they were a kind of opossum rather than a rat.

The last were seen here about ten years ago; but the cats and rats, of

which the woods are now full everywhere, have destroyed them all.

I think there are two kinds of native mice here; one, a sort of shrew,

which my dog formerly often caught in the swamps, but which I have

not seen lately; another, a little blackish one, found about fields and

gardens ; this one I have only seen since my return. The natives do

not know it, and confound it with the common house mouse, but I

do not think it can be an introduced species, as in that case it would

scarcely so quickly be found in thousands over so large a tract of

country as that in which it was observed last year (I have seen none

lately), but rather believe it to be an indigenous species, which from

some unknown cause appeared for a short time in astonishing num-

bers, and then as strangely disappeared.

Insects are so very few, that they are really not worth the great

trouble of looking after. I have seen no new species since my return.

I know of only five or six butterflies. The largest land shell here is

a flat snail, about a quarter of an inch in diameter.

6. On THE Drvision or CTENOBRANCHOUS GASTEROPODOUS

Mo.Luvusca INTO LARGER GROUPS AND FAMILIES.

By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.8. erc.

Cuvier, Dumeril, and Lamarck separated the Gasteropodous Mol-

lusca with pectinated or comb-like gills, into two divisions, accord-

ing as they possessed or were without a siphon to facilitate the ad-

mission of water to their gills, probably being influenced by pre-

ceding conchologists, who had in a similar marner divided the spiral

shells into those which had an entire, or an emarginated, or a chan-

nelled mouth. Lamarck called those with a siphon Zoophaga, and

those without it Phytophaga, believing the food of the molluscs to

be indicated by the form of the mantle. As we have become more

acquainted with the habits of the Mollusca, it has been observed that

many of the animals without any siphon to the mantle, as Natica,

Scalaria, Ianthina, &e., are quite as carnivorous as those which have

the siphon most perfectly developed; on the other hand, Lamarck

found it requisite to arrange many genera, as Cerithiuwm, Melanopsis,

Planazis, &e., with the Phytophaga with entire mouths, though the

animals have as well-developed siphons, and the shells as distinct

a canal or siphonal notch, as any of the genera of Zoophagous Mol-

lusca. These divisions, however, have been almost universally

adopted. Dr. Lovén, in his paper on the Scandinavian Mollusca

and on the Tongues of these animals, divided the Gasteropoda into

natural families independent of these divisions, and Dr. Troschel in

his arrangement of Mollusca has followed the same course, separating

the families into groups according to the structure of their tongues.

The observations which Dr. Troschel made on the arrangement which

I published in Mrs. Gray’s work, ‘ Figures of Molluscous Animals,’

have induced me to reconsider the subject, consult again all the

authorities, and examine the tongues of the molluscous animals which

have been lately received at the Museum collections.

Being impressed with the importance which Dr. Lovén attached to

the form of the mouth, I was induced to pay attention to this charac-

ter, and I believe that it affords a much more natural means of sepa-

rating the families into two great groups, than the presence or absence

of the siphon of the mantle, and one which appears to be more con-

sistent with the habits of the animal and much less liable to excep-

tions. I may observe in passing, that some of the French zoologists

do not appear to have been impressed with its importance, for MM.

Quoy and Gaimard in some few instances erroneously represent some

of the species of a genus, a Murex and Terebra for example, as

having a rostrum, while the greater part of the species are properly

represented without it, and as having a proboscis; and the same may ~-

be remarked of some of the more modern figures of these animals,

I fully expect that many naturalists, especially those who have

chiefly confined their studies to the external form of the shell or to the

fossil species, will consider that the system here proposed is very

artificial, as it separates from one another many genera and families

which they have regarded as being very nearly allied, or as belonging

to the same family or even genus. But it must be recollected that

this was the case when first the study of the animal was undertaken,

yet no one now objects to the terrestrial Helices and Bulimi being

separated from the sea shells which were formerly arranged with

them, or the Bulle from the other marine families, and we must ex-

pect that the more the structure of the animal becomes known, the

more the genera founded only on the shells will become separated

and dispersed.

In drawing up the characters of the suborders and families, I have

attempted to select those which appeared most permanent, or least

subject to variation. In all animals, as a general rule, those organs

by which they obtain their food belong to the first class; hence the

characters of the suborder and its divisions have been taken from the

form of the mouth and the disposition and form of the teeth on the

lingual membrane, as I have no doubt these parts have a most im-

portant bearing on the ceconomy of the animal ; while the characters

of the families have been taken from modifications of the mantle and

differences in the structure and form of the operculum and shell ;

for though I consider that the characters of the order, suborder, and

families should be chiefly taken from modifications of the animal, I

always consider that the shell and operculum are quite as important

as regards the genus, as the animal which forms them.

Suborder I. PRososcrprreRA. Head small, with an elongated,

retractile, more or less exsertile proboscis, when retracted hidden

within the body ; tentacles close together at the base or united by a

veil over or around the base of the proboscis; eyes sessile, on the

outer base of the tentacles; operculum annular (except in Natica).

_ Carnivorous, eating living mollusca and other animals.

The trunk or proboscis is of a very complicated structure, and fur-

nished with a number of muscles, well described by Cuvier in his

anatomy of Buccinum, which enable it to be withdrawn into itself

like the tentacles of a snail. These animals are said to form the

round holes so commonly found in other shells, and the lingual mem-

brane is placed near the apex of the exserted trunk.

In Cassidulus the head is conical, produced, annulated like a pro-

boscis, with tentacles at the tip, close together at the base; the pro-

boscis is completely retractile.

Suborder II. Rostrirera. Head moderate, with a more or less

elongated, produced, contractile, transversely annulated rostrum ; ten-

tacles subulate, far apart on the side of the rostrum. Essentially

phytophagous ; the rostrum is only furnished with contractile muscles,

and varies in length and shape; in Struthiolaria it is very long and

conical subulate, but it is not retractile like those of the former sub-

order; the rostrum of the Stromdi is also elongated, while in some other

families it is short and truncated, but it is always easily known from

the retractile proboscis of the former group; the lingual membrane

is often very long, extending far into the body of the animal.

The families are the same as those characterized in the ‘ Figures

of Molluscous Animals,’ vol. iv. 1850, only placed in different order,

No. CCL.—Procrepinecs or THE ZooLoGicat Society.

to show the characters afforded by the teeth; some new ones, ren-

dered necessary by the examination of the teeth of some genera,

which had not before been described, are added.

Suborder I. PRoBOSCIDIFERA.

A. Hamiglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in three series (1*1*1),

the central broad, the lateral versatile (figs. 1-4).

Fam. 1. Muricip#. Head truncated ; tentacula moderate; lateral

teeth flat, with a bent-up process at the end more or less at. right

angles with the base ; siphon of mantle and canal of shell straight ;

foot simple in front; mantle enclosed ; pillar lip smooth (fig. 1).

Fig. 1.—Chrysodomus antiquus.

a. Muricina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus subapical within the apex ;

varices of shell developed. Murex, Trophon.

b. Fusina. Operculum ovate, acute; nucleus apical; varices of

shell rudimentary or none. Pisania, Colus, ° Latirus, Chrysodomus,

Clavella (Cyrtulus).

°c. Pusionellina. Operculum semiovate ; nucleus in middle of the

straight inner edge. Teeth 2 Pusionella.

d. Rapananina. Operculum ovate, blunt ; nucleus elongate, form-

ing the outer or hinder edge. Rapana, Rhinochilus, Chorus, Cuma.

Fam. 2. Buccinip#. Head truncated; tentacula moderate ;

lateral teeth flat, with a bent-up process at the end more or less at

right angles with the base ; siphon of mantle and canal of shell re-

curved ; foot simple; mantle enclosed ; pillar lip smooth.

a. Buccinina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus small, near outer front

edge. Buccinum, Pseudoliva.

b. Nassina. Operculum ovate, acute, nucleus apical.

* Operculum entire. Latrunculus, Cominella, Phos, ? Cyllene,

Columbella. :

** Operculum serrated. Bullia, Nassa, Desmoulia, ? Mingeria,

? Northia.

Ringicula probably belongs to Auriculade, as it is said to have the

teeth of that family.

c. Purpurina. Operculum oblong, nucleus elongate, forming the

long outer edge. Purpura, Concholepas, Sistrum, ? Magillus.

It is to be observed that the operculum of these two families offers

exactly the same modifications.

Planaxina, which have been arranged in this family, have a distinct

rostrum and operculum like Littorina.

Fam. 3. Cassrputip#. Head produced, conical ; tentacles very

small, at the end of the head; lateral teeth flat, bent up at the end;

siphon of mantle and canal of shell straight, bent up at the end;

mantle enclosed ; foot simple (fig. 2).

yey

Fig. 2.—Cassidulus morio.

a. Operculum annular. Cassidulus, Fulgur.

6. Operculum none. Cochlidium.

Fam. 4. Oxtvip#. Siphon of mantle recurved ; foot with a cross

groove on each side in front, often enclosing part of the shell ; mantle

enclosed ; operculum small or none (fig. 3).

Va)

Fig. 3.—Ancillaria candida.

a. Olivina. Pillar of shell plaited in front.

4 Lateral teeth broad ovate. Strephona, Olivella, Scaphula, Aga-

ronia.

** Lateral teeth hook-like, narrow. Ancillaria, Eburna.

?b. Harpina. Pillar of shell smooth. Teeth ——? AHarpa.

Fam. 5. LameLuariapa&. Lateral teeth simple, curved ; mantle

very large, covering the shell, with a notch in place of the siphon in

front ; operculum none (fig. 4). Lamellaria, Coriocella. The genus

Marsenina ( prodita) appears more allied to Velutinide.

Fig. 4.—Coriocella perspicua.

B. Odontoglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in three series

(1:1°1), the central recurved, toothed at the tip, the lateral not

versatile (figs. 5, 6).

Fam. 6. FascrotaAriaAD&. Head truncated ; tentacles moderate ;

mantle enclosed ; siphon and canal of shell straight ; shell with plaits

on the front of the pillar ; central tooth narrow, small; lateral teeth

very broad, linear, with many equal teeth (fig. 5).

Criranantonnnaeqant Minn’

Fig. 5.—Fasciolaria.

a. Fasciolariana. Operculum ovate ; nucleus apical ; canal elon-

gate. Fasciolaria, Lagena.

b. Mitrina. Operculum none; canal short. Mitra. M. episco-

palis. Central tooth broad, toothed. M.adusta. Central tooth simple,

hooked.

Fam. 7. TuRBINELLID#. Head truncated; tentacles moderate ;

mantle enclosed ; siphon and canal of shell straight ; shell with plaits

on the middle of the pillar ; central teeth broad, few-toothed ; lateral

teeth narrowed, strong, with a single large tooth (fig. 6). Turbinel-

lus, Cynodonta.

Fig. 6.—Turbinellus.

C. Rachiglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in a single central

series, often toothed (figs. 7, 8).

Fam. 8. Votutip. Shell with plaits on columella; siphon re-

curved, and canal very short.

Fig. 7.—Yetus olla. Fig. 8.—Cymbiola Turneri.

a. Volutina. Siphon with auricles on side of base; tentacles far

apart, united by a broad veil over the head.

* Teeth lunate, apex 3-toothed (fig.7). a. Operculum none. Fetus,

Cymbium, Scapha (vespertilio). 3. Operculum distinct. Voluta.

** Teeth linear, base angularly diverging, with a single conical

apex (fig. 8). Operculum none. Cymbiola (Turneri).

b. Volutomitrina. Siphon simple at the base; tentacles close

together at the base; mantle enclosed; operculum none; teeth with

a single acute apex and divergent base, very small at the tip of the

proboscis. Volutomitra,

e. Porcellanina. Siphon simple at the base; tentacles close to-

gether at the base; mantle lobes expanded, covering the shell ; oper-

culum none; teeth in a single series, broad, transverse, band-like,

toothed in front, like Quoy’s figure of Mitra. Porcellana, Persicula,

’Hyalina.

A specimen of P. glaéella in spirits showed no appearance of the

dilatation of the mantle.

D. Toxoglossa. Teeth sunk into the proboscis in two lateral series

(1-0-1), elongate, subulate (fig. 9).

Fam. 9. PLevrotomip#. Siphon of mantle and canal of shell

straight ; mantle and shell often with a slit in hinder part of right

side.

Fig. 9.—Mangelia.

a. Pleurotomina. Operculum ovate, acute; nucleus apical. Pleu-

rotoma, Drillia.

b. Clavatulina. Operculum semiovate ; nucleus in the centre of

the straight front edge. Clavatula, Tomella.

ce. Defrancianina. Operculum none. Mangelia, Defrancia.

E. Teenioglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in seven rows (3°1°3),

central generally toothed, lateral in three series, converging, the inner

often broad, two outer subulate, versatile (figs. 10, 11).

Fam. 10. Doxirp%. Head truncated ; tentacles moderate ; pro-

boscis-sheath large, funnel-shaped, free on the edge; foot small; siphon

of mantle recurved; mantle enclosed; operculum none. Tongue ——?

Dolium, ’Malea.

Fam. 11. Trirronirap#. Head truncated; tentacles moderate ;

proboscis-sheath small ; foot small ; siphon of mantle and canal of shell

straight ; shell variced ; mantle enclosed ; operculum ovate, annular;

nucleus lateral or apical.

a. Ranellina. Operculum half ovate; nucleus central, lateral or

internal; varices acute. Ranella.

b. Tritonina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus apical ; varices rounded.

Apollon, Triton.

c. Personina. Operculum small, triangular, broad ; nucleus apical ;

varices acute, foliaceous. Persona.

d. Neptunellina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus central. MNeptunella

(cutaceum).

The teeth of this family have been verified in a dozen species.

Fam. 12. Scyroryrip#. Head produced, conical ; tentacles very

small; foot small; siphon of mantle produced; operculum none.

Scytotypus *.

Fam. 13. Vexutinip. Head truncated; tentacles and foot

moderate, rounded; mantle edge inflated, folded on the edge into

two canals ; eyes on outer side of tentacles ; operculum none (fig. 10).

Velutina, Marsenina.

TN Kf -

Fig. 10.— Velutina haliotidea.

Fam. 14. Naricip#. Head truncated; tentacles moderate ; foot

very large, much-produced; shell sunk into the foot; eyes none ;

operculum distinct, spiral, few-whorled (fig. 11).

Fig. 1]1.—Natica pulchella.

a. Operculum, outer layer shelly. Natica.

6. Operculum simple, horny. Neverita, Polinices, Mammilla, Sto-

mata.

From Dr. Lovén’s description of the animal of Trichotropis bo-

realis, it should be referred to this suborder, and equally so by Messrs.

Forbes and Hanley’s figures, t. II. f. 1; but in examining the animal

of Trichotropis bicarinatus, the original type of the genus, I find

that it has a rostrum and no proboscis. I should have been inclined

to have regarded the animals of these two species as probably form-

ing-two genera, but Messrs. Forbes and Hanley’s description of the

animal (Brit. Moll. 361) agrees pretty well with the animal of 7’. bi-

carinatus.

F. Ctenoglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in many series, nu-

merous, similar (fig. 12).

Fam. 15, Casstprpa. Mantle enclosed, with a recurved siphon ;

shell ventricose, subglobose, with a recurved canal, often variced,

outer lip thickened ; lingual membrane short, broad, triangular, with

many rows of similar lancet-shaped teeth, and a single small dentated

tooth in the central series ; operculum annular ; nucleus in the middle

* In Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. x. 415, 1852, by a slip of the pen, I erroneous!

stated that this animal had no proboscis, “it aa ay

of the straight inner side. Bezoardica, !Cassis, 'Levenia, ?Morio.

The teeth bear no resemblance to those figured by Quoy and Gaimard

as those of Bezoardica.

Fam. 16. ScaLaRtaAD&. Foot moderate; mantle enclosed; shell

turrited, variced, without any canal; eyes on outer side of the subu-

late tentacles ; operculum horny, spiral (fig. 12). Sealaria.

TOCA

Fig. 12.—Scalaria Turtoni.

Fam. 17. Acrzonip&. Foot moderate; mantle enclosed; eyes

on the inner side of the base of the expanded tentacles ; operculum

horny, subspiral. Acton.

G. Gymnoglossa. Teeth and lingual membrane rudimentary or

none.

Fam. 18. Acusip#. Foot small; mantle enclosed, with an elon-

gated siphon; shell turrited, lip thin, not variced; eyes on tip of

tentacles or wanting; tentacles very small or wanting; operculum

annular, nucleus apical. Acus (tentacles small). Subwla (tentacles

and eyes none). Leiodomus (suture callous ; operculum ovate ; ten-

tacles small; has been confounded with Bullia). ?Dorsanum.

Fam. 19. PyramipELLID&. Foot moderate; mantle enclosed ;

eyes on the inner side of the broad folded tentacles; operculum

horny, spiral; shell spiral, pillar plaited.

a. Pyramidellina. Shell turrited. Odeliscus, Odostomia, Eulima,

Aclis, ?Stylina, Alvania.

b. Tylodinina. Shell subspiral. Tylodina.

Cerithiopsis of Forbes and Hanley, tab. OO, if accurately described,

must form a new family in this section.

Fam. 20. ArcuiTEctomip#. Tentacles folded, with the suture

below ; eyes sessile on upper surface of their base (Hydoux). Gill-

cavities divided by a longitudinal fold; foot moderate, truncated and

double-edged in front, rounded behind (Quoy) ; proboscis very long,

completely retractile ; teeth none.

a. Operculum ovate. Architectoma.

6. Operculum circular. Torinia, Bifrontia.

Suborder II. Rostrirera.

A. Gymnoglossa. Lingual membrane and teeth none; operculum

none.

Fam. 21. CanceLutariap&. Mantle enclosed; pillar of shell

folded ; operculum none. Admete, ?Cancellaria.

B. Toxoglossa. Lingual membrane with two series of subulate,

elongate, often barbed, lateral teeth (fig. 13).

Fam. 22. Conrpz. Teeth barbed; mantle enclosed ; operculum

ovate, nucleus apical (fig. 13). Conus.

Fig. 13.— Conus.

C. Dactyloglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in seven rows,

3°1:°3, the central teeth triangular, recurved, 3-toothed ; lateral

teeth converging, inner conical, recurved, outer large, broad, ovate,

with numerous long, linear, equal, curved digitations on the upper

edge (fig. 14).

Fam. 23. AMpHiIpeRAsip&. Operculum none; mantle lobes ex-

panded, covering the shell, bearded externally ; shell, edge of outer

lip inflexed (fig. 14). Amphiperas.

The black colour on 4. ovwm washes off when in spirits.

D. Teenioglossa. Lingual membrane with seven series of teeth

(3°1-°3), the central broad, the lateral converging, the inner often

broader ; outer lateral conical, except in Viviparidee (figs. 15-26).

A. Operculum subannular or none; mantle furnished with a si-

phon, and shell with a canal in front.

* Eyes sessile, on the outer side of the base of the tentacles.

Fam. 24. Cyprzapz. Operculum none; mantle lobes expanded,

covering the shell; outer lateral teeth conical, entire or toothed (fig. 15).

Cyprea, Trivia, *Cyprovula, Luponia, Naria, Aricia, Erato.

Fig. 15.—Cyprea helvola.

Fam. 25. Pepicutariap&. Operculum none; mantle enclosed

(fig. 16). Pedicularia.

Fig. 16.—Pedicularia sicula.

Fam. 26. AporrHAIDz. Operculum annular, ovate, nucleus

apical, small ; mantle, outer edge expanded, lobed, or rarely reflexed ;

siphon and canal of shell bent to the right (figs. 17,18). Aporrhais ;

Trichotropis (lingual membrane short, broad); Separatista, Stru-

thiolaria.

(See observations on Trichotropis at p. 38.)

Fig. 17.—Aporrhais pes-pelicani. Fig. 18.—Trichotropis borealis.

** Eyes on elongated peduncles.

Fam. 27. Stromsip#. Foot compressed, used for jumping, not

walking ; mantle, outer side generally expanded and often lobed ;

muzzle longly conical.

a. Strombina. Tentacles on middle of eye-pedicel ; operculum

claw-like. Strombus, Pterocera, Fusus.

b. Seraphina. Tentacles none?, operculum horny, claw-like, with

three claws; teeth ——? Seraphys.

B. Operculum subannular ; mantle and shell simple in front ; eyes

sessile.

Fam. 28. PxHorip. Foot compressed, used for jumping, not

walking ; eyes sessile, on the outer side of the subulate tentacles ;

operculum large, horny, subannular; muzzle conical, produced ;

tongue ?; teeth ? Phorus, Onustus.

C. Operculum annular, regular ; mantle with a siphon in front ;

shell simple in front ; eyes pedicelled, near the outer side of the base

of the subulate tentacles. :

Fam. 29. AmpuLLARiAD#&. Gill with air-bag; central teeth

acute; lateral subulate.

a. Operculum horny ; canal exposed. Marissa, Pomus, Pomella,

Lanistes.

6. Operculum shelly ; canal not exposed. Asolene, Ampullaria.

D. Operculum annular, regular ; mantle and shell simple in front ;

eyes sessile, on the outer side of the base of the subulate tentacles.

Fam. 30. Vivirartp&. ‘Teeth abnormal, laminar, longitudinal,

ovate, apex recurved, toothed on each side the tip; inner lateral

tooth broad (fig. 19). Viviparus, Paludomus, Bithinia.

Fig. 19.—Viviparus.

E. Operculum annular, regular, with an internal process ; mantle

and shell simple in front; eyes sessile, far back behind the tentacles.

Fam. 31. RissoeLLipz. Rostrum divided into two tentacular

lobes in front; teeth 3°1°3 (Alder MSS.). Rissoella=Jeffreysia,

Alder; Rissoina.

_F. Operculum spiral (rarely wanting) ; mantle and shell generally

simple, sometimes with a rudimentary siphon and a canal in front of

shell; eyes sessile ; outer lateral teeth conical, curved.

a. Hyes sessile, on outer side of tentacles.

* Gills indistinct, in the form of series of vessels on the inner sur-

face of the mantle.

_ Fam. 32. CycLopuorip&. Operculum spiral; mouth of shell

circular. Cyclophorus, Cyclotus, Pomatias, &c.

Fam. 33. OLtigyrapa#. Operculum annular ; mouth of shell half

ovate. Oligyra, Aleadia.

** Gills enclosed, in one or three comb-like lines on inner side of

mantle- cavity.

Fam. 34. Lirrorrnip#. Mantle edge simple or with only a

slight fold in front; gills in two series; shell free; foot flat (figs.

20, 21). Assiminia, Littorina, Risella, Pagodus, Modulus, &c.

Fig. 21.—Littorina littorea.

Fam. 35. Puanaxtp2. Mantle edge with a siphon and shell with

a notch in front; teeth 3-1-3, inner broad, two outer lmear. Pla-

naxis, Quoyia, ’Litiopa.

Fam. 36. MeLantap&. Mantle edge torn, with a more or less

distinct siphon in front ; gill of a single series of plates (figs. 22, 23).

Rissoa, Skenea, Melania, Melanopsis, Vibex, Faunus, Melanatria,

Rhinoclavis, Cerithium, Telescopium, Triphoris, Terebellum.

Fig. 23.—Melanopsis buccinoides.

Fam. 37. Vermetip#&. Shell attached, irregular; foot scarcely

fit for walking, dilated, clavate at the end. Vermetus, Serpuloides,

Siliquaria, &c.

Fam. 38. ?Vanicororp&. Shell free; foot small, circular, pro-

duced in front, with a dilated membranous expansion on each side ;

operculum horny, ovate; teeth ——? Vanicoro.

*** Gills plumose, exposed, lamine pinnate, spirally twisted.

Fam. 39. Vanvatip#. Operculum orbicular, spiral, many-

whorled (fig. 24). Valvata.

Fig. 24.— Valvata piseinalis.

b. Eyes sessile, on the head between or rather behind the base of

the tentacles.

Fam. 40. Cacip. Shell subcylindrical, arched ; apex deciduous,

subspiral ; operculum circular, horny ; foot short; teeth 3-1-3;

jaws distinct. Caecum.

Fam. 41. TruncaTetuip#. Body and shell spiral; foot very

short, roundish; muzzle broadly 2-lobed; walks with its foot and

lps; teeth 3-1°3; gill ?; operculum horny, spiral. Trunea-

tella.

Fam. 42. Actcutap&. Body and shell spiral; foot short, di-

vided ; gills ——?; operculum horny, spiral. Acicula, Geomelania.

G. Operculum none ; mantle and shell simple in front ; gills in an

oblique line across the mantle-cavity ; lamine elongate, linear, partly

exposed ; eyes small, on the outer side of the base of the tentacles.

Fam. 43. Caputip™. Foot folded on itself (fig. 25). Capulus,

Hipponyx, Amalthia, Amathina.

Fig. 25.—Capulus hungaricus.

Fam. 44. Catyprraipm. Foot expanded (fig. 26). Crypta,

Galerus, Crucibulum, Calyptrea, Trochita.

Fig. 26.—Calyptrea sinensis.

February 22, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following paper. was read :—

DerscrirTion or A New Species or AULACORHAMPHUS.

By Joun Gou.p, F.R.S.

Mr. Gould exhibited a new species of Groove-billed Toucan, which

had been killed in Veragua, together with other ornithological rari-

ties, by Berthold Seemann, Esq., Naturalist to H.M.S. Herald. He

proposed, from the blue colouring of its throat, to call it

AULACORHAMPHUS CHRULEOGULARIS.

Upper surface dark green, with an olive tint on the head and nape,

and of a brighter green on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; prima-

ries blackish brown, margined externally at the base with dunk green ;

tail deep green, passing into blue towards the extremity, and tipped

with rich chestnut; throat and fore part of the cheeks czerulean

blue; under surface green, washed with yellow on the flanks and

abdomen ; under tail-coverts rich chestnut ; bill black, with the ex-

ception of the upper part of the sides of the upper mandible and the

apical portion of the culmen, which are greenish yelllow, passing into

purer yellow at the tip; on the sides of both mandibles at the base

a broad band, which on the upper one is yellow, and on the lower

white ; orbits red; legs and feet greenish lead-colour.

Total length, 12} inches; bill, 24; wing, 44; tail, 43; tarsi, 12.

Hab. Veragua.

Remark.—Nearly allied to Aulacorhamphus albivitta ; but distin-

guished from that species by its rich blue throat, by the band at the

base of the bill bemg.much broader and yellow on the upper man-

dible, instead of white, and by the under surface being washed with

yellow, while in the other it is pure green.

March 8, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. On THE Nest AND Eces or MENuRA ALBERTI.

By Joun Gou.p, F.R.S.

(Aves, Pl. LIII.)

Mr. Gould exhibited a nest and two eggs of Menura “Alberti, which

had been obligingly lent to him for the purpose by Mr. Turner of

- 46

Sydney. The nest was oven-shaped in form ; outwardly constructed

of roots, tendrils and leaves of palms, and lined with green mosses.

It was about 2 feet in length by 16 inches in breadth, domed over

except at one end. The eggs, barely 2% inches long by 13 broad,

are of a deep purplish chocolate, irregularly blotched and freckled

with a darker colour.

The nest and eggs are deposited in the national collection at the

British Museum.

2. Notice OF A PRESUMED New SPEcizEs or RHINOCEROS,

FROM SouTH AFRICA.

By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.B.S. ere.

Colonel Thomas Steele having most kindly presented to the Bri-

tish Museum a pair of horns of a two-horned Rhinoceros, which was

discovered in the interior of South Africa by his friend Mr. Oswell,

Dr. Gray exhibited the horns; and having pointed out the peeu-

liarity of their form, proposed that they should be provisionally de-

scribed as belonging to a new species, under the name of Rhinoceros

Oswellii.

RC,WEST.SC

The front horn is elongated and thick ; but instead of being bent

back, as is the general character of R. bicornis, or erect, as in R. si-

mus, is bent forwards, so that the upper surface is worn flat by being

rubbed against the ground. The front horn in the pair exhibited

was 31 inches long, flat, square, rough and fibrous in front, rounded

and smooth behind. The hinder horn was short, conical and sub-

quadrangular ; it was 11 inches in length.

Dr. Gray stated that the British Museum possesses a second speci-

men of a front horn, of a similar curve and form, with a similarly

worn front top, of a rather larger size. This formerly belonged to

Sir Hans Sloane’s Collection ; so that this species, like R. s¢mus, must

have been known to the older travellers.

March 22, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Description or A New Species or TETRAOGALLUS.

By Joun Govuxp, F.R.S.

Mr. Gould laid upon the table a complete series of all the known

species of the genus Tetraogallus, viz. the

Tetraogallus Caspius, inhabiting Astrabad, Ghilan, and other parts

of Persia ;

Tetraogallus Himalayensis, inhabiting the Himalaya mountains ;

Tetraogallus Altaicus, inhabiting the Altai mountains ;

and a fine new species, lately sent to the Honourable East India Com-

pany, from Thibet, by Captain Strachey, which he described under

the name of

TETRAOGALLUS TIBETANUS. |

Crown of the head, cheeks, back and sides of the neck dark slate-

grey, washed with buff on the orbits ; ear-coverts buffy white ; chin,

front of the throat and chest white; upper surface, wings and tail-

coverts freckled buff, grey and black, the feathers of the middle of

the back and the wing-coverts broadly edged with pale buff; rump

and upper tail-coverts washed with rufous ; primaries greyish brown ;

secondaries broadly edged and tipped with white ; breast crossed by

a narrow band of grey, freckled with buff and blotched with black ;

under surface white ; the feathers of the flanks and lower part of the

abdomen narrowly but conspicuously margined with jet-black, form-

ing stripes along those parts of the body ; under tail-coverts black,

with a broad stripe of white down the centre; tail very dark brown,

inclining to rufous at the tip; bill and feet orange-red.

Total length about 15 inches ; bill, 14; wing, 94; tail, 5; tarsi, 25.

In the collection of the Honourable Kast India Company.

2. Descriptions or Two New SPECIES or PTILONOPUS.

By Greorce Rosert Gray, F.L.S. & F.Z.S.

(Aves, Pl. LIV. LV.)

Pritonorus CHRYSOGASTER, G. R. Gray. (Pl. LIV.)

Crown purplish white, margined posteriorly with yellow ; sides of

the head, neck and breast greyish white, with the base of the feathers

of the latter yellow; throat and cheeks pale yellow; abdomen and

under tail-coverts bright yellow; sides of the former greyish white,

tinged with yellow; back bronzy green; greater wing-coverts, ter-

tials and secondaries bluish green, narrowly margined with yellow ;

quills dull black, with the outer web tinged with green ; tail bronzy

green, with a very broad apical margin of white, each feather mar-

gined with yellow.—Total length, 8$ inches.

Hab. ? Probably from Otaheite.

This species is closely allied to the Pt. purpuratus (Columba pur-

purata, Gmel., C. oopa, Wagl., Pt. furcatus, Peale), but it is easily

distinguished by the yellow on the abdomen, &c.

Pritonopus purPUREOCINCTUS. (PI. LV.)

Crown and base of lower mandible deep rosy purple, surrounded

posteriorly with yellow; throat white; sides and behind the neck

greenish grey ; feathers of the upper part of the breast deep greyish

green, with the end of each bifurcation white ; lower part of the

breast green, with a broad mark of deep purple ; middle of the abdo-

men yellowish green, with the sides orange; vent pale yellow, with

the sides green; under tail-coverts orange; back and lesser wing-

coverts bronzy green; greater wing-coverts, secondaries and tertials

bluish green, margined with yellow ; quills green, narrowly margined

with yellow; tail green tinged with yellow, with the apical portion

broadly margined with white ; tail-feathers tinged on the outer web

with green, and all margined with yellow.—Total length, 9 inches.

It is unknown from whence this fine species was brought.

3. DrscripTions OF TWENTY-THREE New Species or LAND

SHELLS, FROM THE COLLECTION OF H. Cumine, Esa.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. Hexrx maxima, Pfr. H. testa perforata, subturbinato-de-

pressa, solida, ponderosa, oblique irregulariter striata, superne

fulva, fasciis variis luteis ornata; spira subturbinata, apice

obtusula; sutura profunda; anfr. 634 lente accrescentibus,

superis planis, sequentibus regulariter convewxis, ultimo medio

carinato, basi modice convexo, nitido, castaneo; apertura parum

obliqua, lunari, intus lactea ; perist. simplice, recto, obtuso,

marginibus distantibus, basali intus subincrassato, superne

breviter dilatato, perforationem fere tegente.

Diam. maj. 90, min. 77, alt. 42, mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

Proc.Z2.S Aves LIV

Wolt’ ith M. & N.Hanhart Impt

PTILONOPUS CHRYSOGASTER. 27omuy

#9 NAT. SIZE

PURI

Jit

2/3 NAT SIZE

UREOCINGTUS 622 Gry

+ mot

2. Hetrx Owenrana, Pfr. H. testa perforata, turbinato-de-

pressa, tenui, superne radiato-striata, lineis confertissimis

spiralibus decussata, hand nitente, fulva ; spira breviter conoi-

dea, obtusa; sutura marginata ; anjr. 43 sensim accrescentibus,

convexis, ultimo non descendente, peripheria pallide carinato et

infra carinam fascia rufa notato, subtus corneo-virente, nitido,

lineis impressis, spiralibus irregulariter insculpto; apertura fere

diagonali, subrhombeo-lunari, intus margaritacea ; perist. sim-

plice, recto, marginibus remotis, columellari declivi, calloso,

superne sinuato, ad perforationem breviter dilatato, reflexo.

Diam. maj. 32, min. 264, alt. 17 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

3. Hetrx Bripwitut, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, trochiform,

tenuiuscula, confertim striatula, nitidula, albida, maculis cas-

taneis subseriatis ornata ; spira regulariter conica, acutiuscula ;

sutura impressa ; anfr. 6 planiusculis, ultimo via descendente, ad

basin planulatam, maculis majoribus subconfluentibus ornatam,

carinato, antice tumido et subconstricto ; apertura perobliqua,

angusta, subtriangulari ; perist. nigro, marginibus distantibus,

dextro recto, basali inde a carina arcuato, tum substricto,

dilatato, adnato.

Diam. maj. 183, min. 16, alt. 17 mill.

Hab. North Australia (Mr. Strange), Wide Bay (F. C. Bridwill).

4, Hexix Circe, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-depressa,

solidula, levissime striatula, non nitente, fusca, zonis 3 latis,

albis, hydrophanis, fusco irregulariter maculatis, cincta; spira

brevissima, convexa, apice obtuso, lilaceo; anfr. 4 convenis,

rapide accrescentibus, ultimo vix descendente, basi distinctius

striato ; columella declivi, dilatata, plana, alba; apertura

ampla, fere diagonali, lunato-rotundata, intus pallide livida ;

perist. pallide carneo, undique expanso et reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 47, min. 38, alt. 28 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

5. Hexix Lats, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, sublenticulari,

tenui, sub lente vix striatula, parum nitida, virenti-alba; spira

brevi, convexa ; sutura lineari, albo-marginata; anfr. 4} vix

convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente,

peripheria subacute carinato et fascia unica, saturate castanea

ornato, basi convexiore ; columella brevi, declivi, dilatata, plana,

alba ; apertura parum obliqua, subquadrangulari-lunari ; perist.

anguste expanso, albo-limbato, marginibus subparallelis, basali

leviter arcuato, cum columella angulum obtusissimum formante.

Diam. maj. 33, min. 29, alt. 18 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

6. Hexix Ceres, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, semigloboso-subcam-

panuliformi, solida, leviter striatula, parum nitente, sordide lutea,

fasciis nonnullis rubellis ornata; spira conveva, vertice subtili,

obtuso ; sutura viv impressa; anfr. 64 vix conveviusculis, lente

No. CCLI.—Proceepinés oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria subcarinato,

basi convexiore ; apertura diagonali, oblique lunari, intus carneo-

albida; perist. fusco-carneo, marginibus remotis, dextro expanso,

basali breviter reflexo, columellari dilatato, inius plica obliqua

munito, extus fornicato, umbilicum angustum semitegente.

Diam. maj. 23, min. 20, alt. 14 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

7. Buuimus Pervius, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, oblique ovato-

conica, solidula, ruguloso-striata, opaca, alba ; spira conica, acu-

tiuscula; sutura profunda ; anfr. 63 convexis, ultimo spiram vir

superante, basi suboblique producto, circa umbilicum angustum, sed

pervium subcompresso ; columella leviter arcuata; apertura obliqua,

ovali, basi rotundata ; perist. simplice, marginibus approximatis,

dextro expansiusculo, columellari perdilatato, vix reflexo.

Long. 24, diam. 12 mill.

Hab. 2

8. Butimus FLexiLaBrRis, Pfr. 8B. testa breviter rimato-subper-

Forata, oblique ovato-turrita, solidiuscula, sublevigata, nitidula,

alba, fasciis 3 spadiceis, albo-punctulatis ornata; spira elevato-

conica, apice obtusula, nigra; anfr. 7 conveciusculis, ultimo spira

breviore, oblique producto, basi antice subangulato ; columella brevi,

torta, recedente ; apertura parum obliqua, irregulariter subqua-

drangulari ; perist. simplice, undique expanso, margine dextro

medio rectilineari, superne curvato, basi subimpresso et angulatim

extrorsum dilatato, sinistro declivi, cum columella angulum for-

mante, superne perdilatato, patente.

Long. 28, diam. 12} mill.

Hab. Brazils.

9. Butimus Fivaris, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovato-conica, tenui,

irregulariter plicato-striata, diaphana, sordide alba, strigis latis,

angulatis, nigricantibus, in anfr.ultimo fascias obsoletas forman-

tibus, ornata; spira conica, acutiuscula; sutura crenulata; anfr.

dz via convexiusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, deorsum dila-

tato ; columella valde recedente, filari ; apertura obliqua, ovali,

intus submargaritacea ; perist. simplice, recto, basi subeffuso.

Long. 26, diam. 12 mill.

Hab. 2

10. Butimus Kepretu, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata,

ovato-oblonga, tenuiuscula, sublevigata (irregulariter striolata),

nitidula ; spira elongato-conica, apice acutiuscula, alba ; anfr.

7 convexiusculis, superis albis, spadiceo-bifasciatis ; ultimo

2 longitudinis equante, ad suturam subplicato, basi subat-

tenuato, fumoso-fusco, fasciis spadiceis pallide marginatis 3-4

cincto, guttis pallidis irregulariter consperso; columella sub-

stricta; apertura parum obliqua, angusta, oblonga; perist.

simplice, margine dextro leviter arcuato, recto, columellari in

laminam latam, triangularem, patentem dilatato.

Long. 343, diam. 14 mill.

Hab. Andes of Peru (Capt. Keppell).

11. Cyctostoma Reciuzianum (Cyctotus), Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, depressa, solidula, obsolete spiraliter lirata, sub

epidermide pallide virente albida ; spira vix elevata, submucro-

nata; sutura profunda, carina submarginata; anfr. 4} convexis,

rapide accrescentibus, ultimo terete, peripheria carina acuta,

antrorsum evanescente munita; umbilico perspectivo, + diametri

ceequante ; apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. sim-

plice, recto, continuo, breviter adnato.—Operce. Cycloti.

Diam. maj. 11, min. 9, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

12. CycLostoMA TUBULIFERUM (CycLotus), Pfr. C. testa

late umbilicata, striatula, opaca, albida, flammis angulosis

fSuscis picta; spira vix elevata, fusco-violacea, vertice subacute

prominente ; sutura subprofunda; anfr. 4} convexiusculis,

ultimo terete, antice breviter soluto, vix descendente, 2 mill.

pone aperturam tubulo brevi a sutura retrorsum subascendente

munito ; apertura diagonali, circulari; perist. duplicato: in-

terno continuo, porrecto, eaterno marginibus supero et dextro

breviter patente, sinistro obsoleto.

Diam. maj. 163, min. 13, alt. 62 mill.

Hab. 2

13. CycLosroma LaBiosum (CycLopnorvs), Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, depresso-turbinata, solida, oblique striatula et lineis

spiralibus, confertissimis, vir elevatis sculpta, nitidula, saturate

castanea, lituris albidis presertim ad suturam variegata; spira

brevi, vertice acutiusculo, sordide fusco; anfr. 5 convewvis,

celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria subcarinato et pallide

articulato, infra carinam fascia lata, nigricante cincto, circa

umbilicum album, mediocrem, extus infundibuliformem subangu-

lato; apertura obliqua, subcirculari, intus pallida; perist.

crasso, lutescenti-albido, breviter adnato, ceterum fornicatim et

anguste refleco, margine columellari subrecedente.

Diam. maj. 43, min. 34, alt. 22 mill.

Hab. 2

14. CycLtosroma Pirrizanum (CyctopHorvs), Pir. C. testa

umbilicata, turbinato-depressa, solida, spiraliter crebrilirata,

sub epidermide nigricante obsolete pallide marmorata et ad

suturam articulata; spira breviter turbinata, apice cornea, ob-

duse mucronulata; anfr. 53 rapide accrescentibus, ultimo magno,

ad peripheriam carina subacuta, funiformi munito, superne tur-

gido et subcarinato, prope suturam planulato, basi convexo, circa

umbilicum late infundibuliformem angulato ; apertura diago-

nali, subcirculari, intus nitidissime aurantiaco-livida ; perist.

continuo, breviter adnato, superne angulatim producto, undique

valde incrassato et breviter reflexo, lucide fusco-igneo.

Diam. maj. 54, min. 42, alt. 27 mill.

Hab. Walaghat, Koondah Mountains, near Calicut (Ff. Pirrie).

15. CycLosroma GrisEeum, Pfr. C. testa vix perforata, turrito-

conica, solidula, spiraliter confertim sulcata, via nitidula,

liliaceo-grisea; spira elevato-conica, apice acutiuscula, flavida ;

sutura mediocri ; anfr. 6 modice conveais, ultimo 2 longitudinis

aequante, infra medium fascia pallida alteraque fuscula ornato ;

apertura obliqua, rotundato-ovali, intus fuscula, fasciata ;

perist. interrupto, marginibus approximatis, dextro recto, colu-

mellari subdilatato, fornicatim patente.—Operc. *

Long. 17, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. Madagascar.

16. CycLostoma VENEZUELENSE (CHonpROPOMA?), Pfr. C.

testa subperforata, turrita, truncata, tenui, longitudinaliter

capillaceo-striata, haud nitente, diaphana, fulvida, fasciis circa

6 angustis, rufis, interdum obsoletis ornata ; sutura subdenti-

culata; anfr. superst. 53 convexis, ultimo antice brevissime

soluto, basi liris nonnullis spiralibus circa perforationem pune-

tiformem munito; apertura verticali, subirregulariter ovali,

intus concolore ; perist. simplice, superne in auriculam angu-

latam producto, marginibus dextro et basali breviter expansis,

sinistro angusto, adnato.

Long. 173, diam. 7 mill.

Hab. Venezuela.

17. CarauLus mareinatus, Pfr. C. testa viv perforata, sub-

Susiformi-turrita, solida, subarcuatim costulato-striata, opaca,

Jusco-lilacea, strigis angulosis albidis marmorata ; spira sub-

curvilineari, turrita, apice obtusa; sutura levi, filomarginata ;

anfr. 8 planiusculis, ultimo vix attenuato, carina basali alba,

compressa, antrorsum subdilatata ; apertura verticali, sub-

ovali; perist. albo, duplice, interno basi profunde inciso, ex-

terno patente, ad canalem mediocrem retracto.

Long. 16, diam, 54 mill.

Hab. Ceylon.

18. Puprwa Cumineiana (Preeistoma), Pfr. P. testa imper-

forata, oblonga, utrinque attenuata, solidula, glabra, nitida,

rubello-succinea ; spira elongata, apice acutiuscula, sutura

levissima; anfr. 6 viv convexiusculis, 2 ultimis latis, ultimo

oblique descendente ; apertura verticali, circulari ; perist. cal-

loso, expansiusculo, margine columellari brevi, non dilatato,

imeisura mediocri a basali separato.

Long. 8, diam. 33 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

19. Hexicina mopesta, Pfr. H. testa subgloboso-conica, soli-

dula, oblique striatula vel sublevigata, nitidula, unicolore stra-

minea; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 43 modice convezis,

ultimo turgido, basi planiusculo; columella brevi, incrassata,

alba, callum emittente nitidum, circumscriptum ; apertura ob-

liqua, subtriangulari-semiovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine

dextro antrorsum subdilatato, basali ad columellam subsinuato.

Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 4 mill.

Hab. Tanna, New Hebrides.

20. Hexicina articuuaTa, Pfr. H. testa sublenticulari, cari-

nata, tenui, striatula, nitida, rubello-fusca, pallidius strigata,

fasciis 2, castaneo et albo articulatis ad suturam et carinam

ornata; spira convexiusculo-conoidea, acuminata; anfr. 43

subplanis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo infra carinam sub-

acutam convexo; columella breviter recedente, callum emit-

tente tenuem, albidum, sulco levi eircumscriptum ; apertura dia-

gonali, subtriangulari; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, margini-

bus viz arcuatis.

Diam. maj. 5, min. 44, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. Tanna, New Hebrides.

21. Hexicina riparia, Pfr. A. festa conica, tenuiuscula, ob-

lique striatula, alba; spira conoidea, acutiuscula; anfr. 55

convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo spira breviore, basi

subconvexo ; columella a basi rectangule descendente, breviter

recedente, callum emittente tenuem, circumscriptum ; apertura

via obliqua, fere semicirculart ; perist. simplice, undique brevi-

ter expanso.

Diam. maj. 7, min. 64, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Calamar, on the banks of Magdalena River, New Granada.

22. Henicina roveata, Pfr. WH. testa orbiculato-conoidea,

tenuiuscula, sublevigata, nitidula, flava vel fusco-rubella, ple-

rumque fasciis saturatioribus et pallidis ornata; spira convexa,

submucronata; anfr. 53 convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus,

ultimo non descendente, basi convexiore, fovea profunda juxta

columellam brevem, subdenticulatam notato; apertura parum

obliqua, semiovali ; perist. tenui, undique vix expansiusculo.

Diam. maj. 73, min. 7, alt. 43 mill.

Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies.

23. Hexicina conorpEA, Pfr. H. testa conoidea, tenuiuscula,

subscabre striata, vix nitidula, pallide corneo-grisea ; spira re-

gulariter conoidea, acutiuscula ; sutura leviter impressa ; anfr.

4% subplanulatis ; sensim accrescentibus, ultimo utrinque con-

vexiore, peripheria subcarinato ; columella brevi, deorsum atte-

nuata, callum basalem emittente tenuem, circumscriptum; aper-

tura diagonali, integra, subtriangulari ; perist. simplice, mar-

gine supero vix expanso, basali subincrassato, refiexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 53, min. 43, alt. 35 mill.

Hab, Barbadoes, West Indies.

4, LiMN#%ACEA NOVA COLLECTIONIS CUMINGIAN.

Descrirsit Dr. Guin. DuNKER.

1. Puysa Satueana, Dkr. PA. testa ovato-acuta, fusco-cornea,

mucronem versus obscuriore, nitidissima, subdiaphana, tener-

rime striata, fere levigata; spira conica, apice paulum obtusa ;

anfractibus convexiusculis, sutura albida, perparum impressa

divisis ; apertura ovato-acuta ; columella lactea, basi subemar-

ginata.

Altit. 6 lin.

Hab. St. Domingo (Sallé).

Species varietatibus certis Phys heterostrophe similis, sed habitu

graciliore, anfractibus minus convexis, colore fusco-corneo et labro

tenui satis diversa est.

2. PLANORBIS REFULGENS, Dkr. P. testa solidiuscula, nitidis-

sima, tenerrime striata, fere glabrata, fusco-cornea, supra late

umbilicata, infra plano-concava; anfractibus subtumidis, rotun-

datis, modice crescentibus ; apertura oblique ovata, subauri-

culata.

Altit. testee 22 lin. ; lat. max. 73 lin.

Hab. St. Domingo (Sallé).

Species pulcherrimarum una sui generis. Anfractus fere sex

rotundati, supra fusco-cornei, infra pallidiores, striis tenuissimis incre-

menti instructi sunt ; sub microscopio anfractus priores strias spirales

minutissimas ostendunt. Spira embryonalis in latere superiore, ut

solet, infundibuliformis. Margo aperturalis superior acutissimus,

parum productus. Hee species habitu Planorbi Guadaloupensi, Sow.

haud dissimilis est.

3. PLANORBIS SALLEANUS, Dkr. P. testa tenui, parvula, cornea

haud nitente, tenuiter striata spiraliterque subhirsuta, supra

plana, infra satis profunde umbilicata ; anfractibus quatuor

rotundatis, haud involutis, modice crescentibus ; apertura sub-

rotunda, obliqua, paullo dilatata.

Altit. 2 lin. ; lat. max. 2 lin.

Hab. St. Domingo (Sailé).

Species parvula, Planordi aldo similis.

April 12, 1853.

John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Noricre or AN ORIGINAL PAINTING, INCLUDING A FIGURE OF

THE Dopo, IN THE COLLECTION OF HIS GRACE THE DUKE

or NORTHUMBERLAND, AT Sion House. By W. J. Bro-

DERIP, V.P.Z.S., F.R.S. etc.

Professor Owen, at whose disposal the Duke of Northumberland

placed the following additional pictorial evidence of the existence of

the Dodo in the seventeenth century, has requested me to draw the

attention of this Society to the highly interesting picture which the

Duke has been so good as to send for the inspection of the Fellows.

The size of the picture, which is in the finest preservation, is thirty-

two inches by nineteen. It is executed in

oil, and bears the following monogram and y II

date. Mr. William Russell, with his usual g

discernment, detected in this monogram the :

signatures of Jean Goeimare and Jean David 6

de Heem, and proved the correctness of his J ma 7

judgment by a reference to Brulliot*. Jean

Goeimare, who is not noticed by Descamps, Bryan, Sandrart, or

Houbraken, is described by Brulliot as a Flemish artist who flourished

at the commencement of the seventeenth century, and painted land-

scapes with many animals, executed with great care, but in rather a

dry manner+. Of De Heem, the celebrated painter of still life, it

would be superfluous to say anything. We may conclude, then, that

in this joint production the landscape and animals were painted by

Goeimare, and the shells by De Heem.

* Dict. des Monogrammes, | partie, pp. 274, 201.

t+ I am indebted to Mr. Russell for this information.

In this picture, which seems to have been intended as a record of

rarities, the foreground represents a sea-shore from which the tide

has retired, leaving empty shells of the following genera :—Nautilus,

Pteroceras, Strombus, Triton, Pyrula, Cassis, Cyprea, Conus, Mitra,

Turbo, Nerita, Mytilus, Ostrea, &c. Behind, on elevated ground, are

two ostriches, and below, to the right of the spectator, the Dodo is

represented as in the act of picking up something from the strand.

The head and body of the bird, covering an area as large as the palm

of a man’s hand, are seen, but the legs are hidden. ‘The painter of

the Dodo in my picture, has given the only complete foreshortened

back view of the bird known to me. In the Duke’s picture the head

and body are presented to the spectator on a larger scale, and I have

nowhere seen the hood or ridge at the base of the bill, from which

the bird obtained the name of Cygnus cucullatus, so clearly repre-

sented. Near the Dodo are a smew and other aquatic birds, and

further off hoopers and terns. In the distance is the ocean, with a

sea-monster awaiting the attack of Perseus, who descends on a winged

steed to the rescue of Andromeda chained to a rock. Those who

have had occasion to describe and figure new species of Testacea,

know how difficult it is to find a draughtsman who can give a correct

design of the shell to be represented. Unless the artist, like Mr. G. B.

Sowerby, jun., is aware of the internal structure of the shell, and

acquainted with its organization, a lamentable failure is generally

the result. In the picture before us, with one exception—and even

in that the specimen may have been distorted—so accurate was the

eye of the painter, that if he had been aware of the organization of

each shell—-knowledge which he probably had not—he could not

have represented the objects more correctly. The Nautili*, Strom-

bus gigas, Triton, and Pyrula, are painted with great breadth and

power, and all are drawn and coloured with wonderful truth ; indeed

a conchologist may name every species. One of the Nawfi/i is par-

tially uncoated, to show the nacre, and the other dissected, to display

the concamerations. None of the shells have the epidermis, and all

are of the natural size. The artificial condition of these subjects,

and especially of the Naw#ili, is, it must be allowed, rather out of

place in an assemblage of testaceans left on the sands by the retired

tide, unless we are to suppose that the sea-nymphs had been amusing

themselves by polishing the specimens and displaying the internal

structure of one of them; but this very treatment shows that the

designs were accurately made from real objects then considered as

rarities. With the exception of the Dodo, none of the natural ob-

jects represented are now rare. The shells, especially those whose

habitats are the seas of the Antilles, are at present very common ;

but at the date of the picture—the second year of the reign of our

first Charles—the natural productions of the West Indies were not

well known, and were, comparatively, very scarce. With the shells

on the shore is the cranium of a carnivorous quadruped, apparently

of the family Canide. The monster-cetacean in the distance has

* Nautilus pompilius.

evidently no chance with the avenger who is coming down upon him

mounted on a winged steed. But Pegasus, who, with other prodi-

gies, sprang from the blood that dropped from Medusa’s head, as the

conqueror who had cut it off with his harpe traversed the air with

his gory trophy, immediately winged its flight to Helicon, there to

become the pet of the Muses. The best version of this mythological

story relates that when Perseus afterwards killed the sea~-monster and

delivered Andromeda on the coast of Ethiopia, he effected his pur-

pose by raising himself in the air through the aid of the wings and

talaria given to him by Mercury, and not with the help of the winged

horse on which most of the painters mount him. Professor Owen

informs me that Roland Savery’s picture containing the Dodo, in the

Berlin collection, bears the date of 1626 ; and that the colour of the

Dodo in the Duke of Northumberland’s picture resembles that of the

portrait of the bird, of life size, by the same painter, now at Oxford.

L’Estrange describes the hue of the back of the living Dodo which

he saw exhibited in London “about 1638,” as-of “dunn or deare

colour.”

2. Descriptions oF E1gHTEEN New Species oF LAND SHELLS,

FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF Mr. DEeNNISON AND H. CumInG,

Esa. By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. ANOSTOMA CARINATUM, Pfr. A. testa longe rimata, conoideo-

lenticulari, solidula, acute carinata, pallida, supra carinam et ad

suturam anguste castaneo-fasciata ; spira breviter conoidea; anfr.

5 planiusculis, superis striatulis, ultimo irregulariter et undulatim

costulato-striato, basi convexo, castaneo maculato, antice scrobicu-

lato; apertura peripheriam spire continuante, semicirculari, la-

mellis 6 validis, flexuosis coarctata ; perist. albo, late expanso et

reflexo, margine dextro ad insertionem foramine magno, oblongo

munito.

Diam. maj. 243, min. 19, alt. 13 mill.

Hab. Brazils.

2. Heuix Dennisoni, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, subglobosa,

solida, striatula, non nitente, opaca, alba, strigis crebris, angustis,

nigricantibus et fulvis, subflexuosis radiata ; spira conoideo-semi-

globosa, obtusula; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo rotundato, antice

subito deflexo, constricto; apertura parvula, perobliqua, lunari,

intus nitide livida; perist. intus fusco-labiato, marginibus callo

intrante, saturate castaneo junctis, dextro perarcuato, vir expanso,

basali dilatato, plano, adnato, castaneo.

Diam. maj. 20, min. 18, alt. 15 mill.

Hab. Cuba (Powis).

3. Herrx MacAnprewiana, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, conoi-

deo-globosa, solidula, striis incrementi et confertissimis spiralibus

sud lente decussata, pallide rosea, lineis nigro-spadiceis confertis

cincta; spira conoidea, apice rubra, obtusa; sutura mediocri ;

anfr. 4, superis convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, antice vix descen-

dente, basi unicolore roseo; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-

lunari, intus sordide vinosa ; perist. simplice, marginibus distanti-

bus, dextro acuto, columellari purpurascente, sursum dilatato, re-

flexo, adnato.

Diam. maj. 17, min. 14, alt. 13 mill.

Hab. Great Salvages Island (MacAndrew).

4. Hewix curruta, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, convexo-depressa,

tenui, levigatissima, nitida, pellucida, fusco-cornea; spira forni-

cata ; sutura levi, submarginata; anfr. 5, convexiusculis, lente

accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria rotundato, basi medio impresso,

calloso ; apertura parum obliqua, lunari; perist. simplice, recto,

acuto, margine basali leviter arcuato, ad columellam subincrassato.

Diam. maj. 5, min. 43, alt. 23 mill.

Hab. New Zealand.

5. Hewrx ceroipes,Pfr. H. testa mediocriter umbilicaia, convero-

depressa, tenui, minutissime striatula, griseo-cerea ; spira parum

elevata; sutura subprofunda; anfr. 4, conveviusculis, sensim ac-

crescentibus, ultimo non descendente, rotundato ; apertura subver-

ticalt, rotundato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, marginibus

convergentibus, columellari superne patente.

Diam. maj. 5, min. 4, alt. 23 mill.

Hab. Juan Fernandez.

6. Hexrx Armipa, Pfr. JH. testa subperforata, subturbinata, te-

nuiuscula, minute striatula, diaphana, nitidula, fulvo-cornea ; spira

convexo-conoidea, vertice subtili obtusulo, sutura impressa, albo-

marginata; anfr. 6, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non

descendente, peripheria carina brevi, acuta, alba munito, basi con-

vexiore ; apertura fere verticali, subangulato-lunari ; perist. sim-

plice, recto, marginibus distantibus, columellari declivi, superne

subincrassato.

Diam. maj. 16, min. 14, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Philippines, Mount Isarog, isle of Luzon.

7. Heirx veronica, Pfr. A. testa umbilicata, depressa, discoi-

dea, radiatim minutissime striatula, ad suturam obsolete spiraliter

striata, pellucida, nitida, virenti-cornea; spira plana, levissime

immersa; sutura vix impressa; anfr. 35, subplanis, rapide ac-

crescentibus, ultimo non descendente, depresso, peripheria rotun-

dato ; umbilico mediocri, parum profundo, medio contracto ; aper-

tura parum obliqua, rotundato-lunata; perist. simplice, recto, acuto,

marginibus convergentibus, superne et inferne equalibus.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 42 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

8. Hexrx rapipa, Pfr, H. testa umbilicata, depressa, discoidea,

tenui, sub lente spiraliter striolata, nitida, pellucida, castanea,

strigis et punctis luteis variegata ; spira plana, subimmersa; su-

tura subcanaliculata ; anfr. 33, convexiusculis, rapide accrescen-

tibus, ultimo lato, depresso, peripheria rotundato, antice non de-

scendente, basi parum convexro, sensim in umbilicum mediocrem

ascendente; apettura parum obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist.

simplice, recto, acuto, marginibus subconniventibus.

Diam. maj. 73, min. 63, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. New Zealand and Salomon’s Islands.

9. Hextix conompnata, Pfr. 4H. testa umbilicata, perdepressa,

discoidea, tenui, vix striatula, acutissime carinata, pallide fulva,

superne et inferne fasciis singulis, angustis, rufis ornata ; spira vir

elevata ; sutura initio profunda, tandem lineari ; anfr. 4, rapide

accrescentibus, primis convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, ca-

rina brevi acutissima, utrinque marginata munito, basi viz con-

vexiore; umbilico 4 diametri subequante, regulariter conico; aper-

tura perobliqua, depresse securiformi; perist. simplice, recto, mar-

gine supero antrorsum arcuato, basali ad umbilicum arcuatim

ascendente, superne subincrassato.

Diam. maj. 26, min. 223, alt. 7 mill..

Hab. Philippine Islands.

10. Hexix Huanernensis, Pfr. dH. testa late umbilicata, con-

vexo-depressa, tenuiuscula, striata, opaca, pallide cornea, rufo

strigata et maculata; spira convexa, minutissime mucronata; su-

tura lineari; anfr. 6, planiusculis, lentissime accrescentibus, ul-

timo carinato, non descendente, basi circa umbilicum subcompresso ;

apertura obliqua, subtetragona, lamella intrante parietali coarc-

tata; perist. simplice recto, marginibus vix convergentibus.

Diam. maj. 6, min. 54, alt. 22 mill.

Hab. Huaheine, Society Islands.

11. Hexix rucata, Pfr. 4H. testa imperforata, conica, solidius-

cula, sub lente spiraliter striata, nitidula, alba, fasciis subinter-

ruptis luteis et 3 angustis, nigricantibus ornata; spira conica,

acutiuscula ; sutura levi; anfr. 5, vir convexiusculis, ultimo non

descendente, superne punctis corneis pellucidis irregulariter ad-

sperso, peripheria obsolete angulato, basi planiusculo, macula co-

lumellari nigra picto ; apertura diagonali, rotundato-lunari, intus

late spadiceo-fasciata ; perist. simplice, margine deztro recto,

acuto, basali subreflexo, columellari superne dilatato, violaceo.

Diam. maj. 17, min. 15, alt. 14} mill.

Hab. Wide Bay, east coast of Australia (Strange).

12. Hetix SHancuiensis, Pfr. 4H. testa mediocriter umbilicata,

trochiformi, tenui, oblique submembranaceo-striata, lardeo-micante,

rufo-cornea; spira regulariter conica, acutiuscula; sutura im-

pressa; anfr. 7, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non

descendente, peripheria carinato, basi convexo, granulato, sub-

hispido ; apertura fere diagonali, lunato-rotundata; perist. sim-

plice, marginibus subconniventibus, supero recto, basali subreflexo,

columellari patente.

Diam. maj. 13, min. 114, alt. 82 mill.

Hab. Shanghi, China (Fortune).

13. Virrina Keprewi, Pfr. V. testa depressa, ambitu oblonga,

tenui, arcuatim presertim ad suturam striatula, nitidissima, pel-

lucida, albido-virente ; spira plana, vertice subtili viz prominulo ;

sutura impressa, submarginata; anfr. vie 3, rapide accrescenti-

bus, ultimo basi convexo, angusto; apertura ampla, obliqua, ovali;

perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro antrursum dilatato, colu-

mellari perarcuato, membranaceo-submarginato.

Diam. 14, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. New Caledonia (Keppell).

14. Virrina PLANospiRA, Pfr. V. testa ambitu ovali, tenui,

striatula, pellucida, nitida, corneo-virente ; spira parvula, plana ;

sutura viv impressa; anfr. 3, rapidissime accrescentibus, ultimo

superne depresso, basi conveziore, angusto, membranaceo-submar-

ginato ; apertura ampla, perobliqua, lunato-rotundata, intus sub-

margaritacea ; perist. tenui, margine dextro arcuatim introrsum

dilatato, expansiusculo, columellari perarcuato.

Diam. 13, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

15. Virrina Satomonta, Pfr. V. testa globosa conica, tenuis-

sima, confertim oblique plicata, pellucida, nitida, fusco-olivaces ;

spira conica, obtusiuscula; sutura impressa; anfr. 4, convezis,

ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante ; apertura obliqua, ovali ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus regulariter arcuatis.

Diam. 9, alt. 11 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

16. Succingea MARGARITA, Pfr. S. testa ovato- conica, tenuissima,

striatula, nitida, pellucida, pallidissime luteo-cornea ; spira brevi,

obtusula; anfr. 3, penultimo convexo, ultimo } longitudinis for-

mante, dilatato ; columella simplice, vix callosa, leviter arcuata ;

apertura obliqua, subregulariter ovali, ubique incumbente ; perist.

simplice, recto, margine dextro regulariter arcuato.

Long. 7, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. St. Domingo (Saillé).

17. Hexicina BarsapeEnsis, Pfr. H. testa sublenticulari, tenui,

sub lente irregulariter rugulosa, haud nitida, diaphana, lutescenti-

albida; spira breviter conoidea, acuminatiuscula ; sutura viz im-

pressa; anfr. 43, subplanulatis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo

utringue convexiusculo, peripheria acute carinato, carina antice

obsoletiore ; columella brevissima, callum emittente parvulum, cir-

cumscriptum ; apertura diagonali, triangulari-semiovali ; perist.

simplice, undique reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. Barbadoes.

18. Hexictna (ALcADIA) RUBELLA, Pfr. H. testa conoideo-de-

pressa, tenui, oblique striatula, breviter pilosa (detrita oleoso-mi-

cante, diaphana), rubello-cornea; spira convexa, vertice mucro-

nulato ; anfr 54, angustis, vir convexiusculis, ultimo ad periphe-

riam obsolete subangulato, basi convewiore ; apertura fere diago-

nali, semilunari; columella brevi, in denticulum sulco a callo basali

tenuissimo separatum desinente ; perist. tenut, undique breviter

expanso, margine basali subrectilineari, incisura levi a columella

separato.—Operc. membranaceum, concolor.

Diam. maj. 63, min. 55, alt. 4 mill.

Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies.

3. Descriptions or Five New Species or Hummine Birps.

By Joun Goutp, F.R.S.

Mr. Gould exhibited five new species of Humming Birds; four

collected on the eastern slope of the Andes by M. Warzewicz, remark-

able for their size and their great beauty, and one lately received by

M. Linden of Brussels, from the Sierra Nevada of Santa Martha, at

an elevation of 5000 feet. They were described and named as

follows :-—

1. Heviantuea [rts.

Forehead magnificent green, succeeded on the sides by rich orange

and in’ the centre by blue, all with a highly metallic lustre ; throat,

neck and chest glittermg green, with a small gorget of purplish

feathers in the centre of the former; posterior part of the body and

tail chestnut-red.

Total length, 55 inches; bill, 13; wing, 3}; tail, 23.

Hab. Eastern slope of the Andes.

2. HeELIANTHEA AURORA.

The whole of the crown rich metallic green; throat and back of

the neck also metallic green, but not so lustrous as on the crown;

body and tail chestnut-red, as in the preceding species, but not of so

deep a hue.

Total length, 53 inches; bill, 1,5,; wing, 3; tail, 2.

Hab. Fastern slope of the Andes.

3. HELIANGELUS VIOLA.

Throat and upper part of the chest of the most beautiful violet

colour ; spot on the forehead brilliant verditer-green ; neck, back and

abdomen green; tail black.

Total length, 5 inches; bill, 2; wing, 22; tail, 23.

Hab. Eastern slope of the Andes.

Remark.—Somewhat allied to Heliangelus Parzudaki.

4, Trocuivs ( ?) CYANOCOLLIS.

Crown of the head and sides of the neck greenish blue; upper

surface bronzy green; under surface snow-white ; tail bronzy green,

obscurely crossed near the tip with a dusky band, except the two

middle feathers.

Total length, 33 inches; bill, 2; wing, 23; tail, 12.

Hab. Eastern slope of the Andes.

Remark,.—Nearly allied to Trochilus Francie.

5. TrocuiLus (——?) FLORICEPS.

Forehead buffy white, passing into a beautiful deep peach-blossom

hue on the crown; throat grey, passing into the rufous of the abdo-

men; middle tail-feathers bronzy ; lateral tail-feathers largely tipped

with buff.

Total length, 3} inches; bill, 4,; wing, 14; tail, 1,5.

Hab. Sierra Nevada of Santa Martha, at an elevation of 5000 feet.

May 10, 1853.

W. Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.

The following paper was read :—

On a New Species or THALASSIDROMA.

By Greorce Rosert Gray, F.L.S. & F.Z.S.

A specimen of a Stormy Petrel, from the north-west coast of Ame-

rica, has lately been kindly presented to the British Museum by Miss

Hornby ; as it differs from all those that I am acquainted with, I

am induced to bring it before the meeting.

In form it agrees best with Thalassidroma furcata, but the colo-

ration differs much in several particulars.—Front, cheeks, throat,

collar round the hind part of the neck, breast and abdomen pure

white; crown, hind head, a broad band in front of neck, bend of

wing and lesser wing-coverts sooty grey ; upper part of back grey ;

lower part of back and tail ashy grey; greater wing-coverts brownish

grey; tertiaries and quills deep black.

Total length, 81; bill from gape, 103", from front, 83'"; tail

(outer feather), 33"; tarsus, 1; middle toe, 1".

I propose to give this species the appellation of Thalassidroma

Hornbyi, after Admiral Hornby, who obtained it during his com-

mand on the Pacific station, where he collected many interesting

animals for his brother-in-law, the late President of this Society.

May 24, 1853.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following paper was read :—

Notes on A CreTAceous ANIMAL STRANDED ON THE NortTH-

EAST COAST OF IRELAND. By GrorGe GuLLIveER, F.R.S.

On Saturday, May 14, 1853, a herd of cetaceous animals appeared

at Dundrum Bay, many of which got away, and others were stranded.

I saw on the following days about twenty-five of them lying dead

there on the sand. The largest was nearly nimeteen feet, and the

smallest between nine and ten feet long. They were all furnished

with perfect teeth. The greater number were females; in a group

of nine large ones, lying near together, six were females and three

males.

I was told that their death-throes were dreadful; they rose on

their tails, bellowed like bulls, floundered about, and spouted bloody

sand and water, as they were attacked with different destructive in-

struments by the peasantry. From one of the animals, between six-

teen and seventeen feet long, a perfect foetus, presently to be described,

was taken, so that the breeding time of this species may be considered

as now determined. One of them had the iron head of a harpoon

imbedded in its back, and the wound completely healed over. In the

second large compartment of the stomach were numerous fish-bones,

completely denuded of all soft parts by digestion. The following

measurements may be useful for future reference :—

Measurements of a Male.

ft. in

Length from the snout to the end of the middle

Orpihe taal oo... a « MUA te Oe En, POR 18 6

Greatest girth, excluding back fin............ 12 6

Hength of pectoral fin Ae 2 FOR et 0 5 0

Breadth of base of pectoral fin .............. ere

Breadth of pectoral fin at one foot fromits pomt 0 4

Length of base of back fin.................. out)

Bicight of, back fo ei. 602 3.2.0'3.5. HYPO a

Breadth of tail from point to point .......... 3 10

Measurements of a Female. gic

Length from snout to end of middle of tail.... 16 0

Greatest girth, excluding back fin............ 9 60

Ril OMe Wel MENA CYES. om fies) aa 5 cn shod + 3

Length of each side of mouth .............. La 0

RPE RW TOME UO) EY Ca cc kn eo aca Moe) wails Dee

From eye to blowhole eda eM pT La 2

From snout to base of pectoral fin ete ne ad LL

The blowhole behind a line intersecting the eyes 0 1

ft;. “sin:

From the snout to beginning of dorsal fin .... 4 I1

From the end of the base of the dorsal fin to

the end of the middle of the tail .......... 8

From snout to vent .... Pees em

From snout to the orifice aE fet WEAR oo. 10

From snout to the mammary slits. . Soe, Sem LO

From point of lower jaw to the navel ........ 6

From the eye to the angle of the mouth ...... 0

The eye above a line drawn from the base of the

upper jaw along centre of the sides of the body

From the knob of the snout to the upper BPs ¢

Length of the mammary slit .

Transverse distance from mammary lit to: ori-

Acevot the Vase “Ae ay. ey heia- aide sé

Dorsalcfin atu Dasera bape eye at. . uae

Dorsal fin over its convexity ................

Height of dorsal fin ......

Huenpth, of pectoral fri ip.) cisco) erty. rigald «knek

Breadth of base of pectoral Aye ‘aled et bow

Length of opening of eyelid .. tethers 5

Diameter of Sve lAlh toc oin. Ghngt-Y peamEAy a6

Diameter; Oh COTNEA: xi) dc ersiepshs “zu Bo0) ots

Lensth;of, crown, of, tooth, 38. icles se oft dns

LRooTooke

leo

—"

tole

_—

Kee OUMNOARF Go OS &

(| Go| > }09 Ea

ooo COCOWK WN OS ooo

Lia

Measurements of a Foetus.

Length from snout to the end of the middle of

the tail ...... Sie SPOR Heo, DONG

Girth, excluding pnckeyfiniviall, 1. Bitar: xf eon

From centre of snout to opposite the base of the

PeCOral Tin. even 2 NO ee ee eRe

Snout to beginning of the back fin ........

From the upper lip to the blowhole . .

From point of lower jaw to navel .. .

From point of lower jaw to vagina ....

From the eye to the centre of the snout ......

Length of base of back fin..................

eight of back’ tm... .. s.atet aad. 10.0).

Heneth of pectoral fir wy. 5, si.s-a.3. 50. me

Breadth of base of pectoral fin..............

Hierneth Ai-MMbeMMER oe Pace ee as ob 4 os 30

tol

COWUFWONOYK OOS

SCooconnon-

bol bol

Anatomy.—Through the kindness of Mr. Brabazon, the excellent

surgeon of Downpatrick, I had an opportunity of examining the foetus

of which the measurements have just been given. As the dissection

was suddenly stopped, the details are imperfect, though accurate as

far as they go. The skin was of a dark leaden colour, and the

blubber on the sides of the body about half an inch thick. ‘There

were soft fringes or processes of the gums, corresponding in situation

and number to the coming teeth.

The thymus of moderate size, at the usual situation in the chest,

and sending no process to the neck. The spleen and a spleniculus

together scarcely so big as a walnut. A flat rounded gland, about

three-fourths of an inch in diameter, situated above the renal vessels

on each side, and at a distance of upwards of an inch from the kid-

ney, had more the appearance of a lymphatic gland than of the supra-

renal body.

On opening the chest, each lung was seen to be covered with lym-

phatic vessels, running to a gland at the sterno-ventral aspect of the

free edge of the lung. The gland was very juicy, had every appear-

ance of a lymphatic gland, and measured one inch and a quarter long

and five-eighths broad. This pulmonary gland in the adult is harder,

more fibrous, and less juicy, and measures four and a half inches long

by two broad.

The stomach with two chief compartments; the first continuing

backwards on a line with the gullet, and lined, like it, with a white

thick smooth membrane and epithelium ; the second, or true digest-

ing stomach, lined with a mucous membrane in folds, and somewhat

smaller than the first, of a more rounded form, and extending from

its middle to the duodenum. In the first was a quantity of thick,

opake, whitish fluid, and in the second a little mucus.

There was no gall-bladder. The bile-duct, close to the duodenum,

was as thick as a goose quill. The last portion of the intestine was

full of meconium, like that of the human feetus.

There was no cecum; the intestines were nearly uniform in size

throughout, their surface smooth and not at all cellulated. Length

of the whole intestinal canal, from stomach to vent, thirty feet.

The kidneys large and lobulated throughout ; the lobules from a

quarter to half an inch in diameter, and having each a very delicate

capsule of connecting tissue. The blood-vessels enter the kidney, not

near its middle, but at its fore and inner or atlanto-mesial end.

The mesenteric glands moderate in size and number, of uniform

consistency, and without any cavity or hollow in them, unlike those

of the whale described by Mr. Abernethy.

The womb with two horns, and the ovaries in the usual situation ;

mammary slits on a level with and near to the orifice of the vagina.

ae bladder empty, and the urethra opening just behind the

clitoris.

Descriptive Characters.—Teeth conical and slightly curved inwards,

from eight to twelve on each side of the jaws, making from thirty-two

to forty-eight teeth altogether ; but eleven on either side of each jaw

is a common number, and there is sometimes one more in the upper

than in the under jaw on each side. Dorsal fin large, convex above

and extending behind into a hooked or eurved pomt. Pectoral fins

long, narrow, and tapering toa point. Tail crescent-shaped. Mouth

sloping downwards and forwards. Eyes above and behind the angles

of the mouth. Top of the head round, and not prominent, though

the snout is remarkably so. No nipples yet protruding, but merely

‘ a longitudinal mammary slit on each side of the orifice of the vagina

No. CCLII.—Procrepinecs or tHE ZooLoGicaL Society.

in the female; a large penis in the male. Skin smooth, shining, and

black throughout, save two whitish brown patches at the throat and

near the vent and genitals; in a few males and females this light

colour extends in a narrow strip from these points along the under

part of the body, but never behind the eye, or elsewhere.

The blubber was 12ths inch thick on the sides, much thicker on

the back, and composing the whole thickness of the snout. The

cuticle, which on its outer surface was like oil skin, when stripped

off, exhibited on its under side a jet-black velvet-like rete mucosum,

furnished with a very great abundance of black pigment. Around

the eyeball was a firm bony plate in the sclerotic coat ; and a white

funnel-shaped ligament, extremely thick, tough and strong, was at-

tached by its base to the eyeball, and surrounded the optic nerve,

As there is no opportunity here of consulting the published de-

scriptions and figures of the Cetacea, I am uncertain at present of

the species of this one. It does not correspond with any description

in the Rev. Leonard Jenyns’s ‘ Manual of the Vertebrata,’ a copy of

which is my travelling companion. The present animal approaches

nearest to his Grampus (Delphinus orca) and Ca’ing Whale (D. me-

las of Traill and D. deductor of Scoresby). But it is smaller than

either of them, though I suspect it will prove to be Traill’s D. melas,

and has not the white spot behind the eye, nor the broad pectoral

fins of the Grampus, nor the very convex top to the head, the small

average number of teeth (which he makes only twenty-four in all),

nor the colour of the skin of his Ca’ing Whale. The animals which

I examined had a convex rounded snout, its thickness made up of

gristly blubber, which it is possible may have been erroneously de-

scribed as the “top of the head.” The Rey. Charles Archibald,

whom I had the pleasure of meeting among the carcases, directed my

attention to the difference between the pectoral fins of this species

and those of the Grampus.

The relative position of the back fin, so much more forward in the

adult than in the foetus, is remarkable; and, indeed, the comparative

measurements exhibit some interesting facts as to development.

Dundrum, co. Down, May 20, 1853.

Postscript.—The animal is undoubtedly the same as that described

under the name of the Uyea Sound or Ca’ing Whale by Mr. Patrick

Neill in 1806, and afterwards figured by Dr. Traill from a drawing by

Mr. James Watson; by Cuvier; by Captain Scoresby, Mr. Bell, and

Mr. Couch.

But though these figures are sufficient to identify the species, they

all represent the pectoral fin as narrower at the base than it really

is; and most of them show a twist of the tail, which was observed in

none of the specimens at Dundrum Bay. Cuvier’s plate is the only

one that gives an idea of the pointed end of the dorsal fin; all the

others represent this posterior termination of the fin too blunt,

rounded, or short, though Mr. Couch correctly describes it as fal-

cate.

No doubt, the fcetus, 4 feet 8 inches long, from Dundrum Bay,

was nearly ready for birth in the middle of May. Dr. Traill men-

tioned sucklings five feet long in December 1806, at Scapay Bay, one

of the Orkneys; Mr. Neill says that most of the adult females at

Uyea Sound, Unst, were either pregnant, or giving suck to their tooth-

less young, in February and March 1805; and in January 1812, in

the neighbourhood of Paimpol, near the northern extremity of Bre-

tagne, M..Lamaoiit found the young seven or eight feet long, and

with cuttle-fish, cod, and milk in their stomachs.

M. F. Cuvier states that this species is remarkable for the sphe-

rical form of the anterior part of the head, and that his brother had

named it “‘ globiceps, 4 cause de la forme arrondie de sa téte.” But

the “very rounded top of the head,” or “remarkably convex and

prominent forehead,’’ included by systematic writers in the specific

characters of the Ca’ing Whale, and even among the otherwise judi-

cious observations of Mr. Couch, does not properly belong to it; for

the forehead of the skull is flat, as in other porpoises, though the

prominent upper muzzle or snout-knob is sufficiently remarkable, and

not badly represented in the plates already mentioned.

But, as I have caused a young skull to be sent to the British Mu-

seum, and Mr. Brabazon has presented a complete skeleton of the

adult male animal to the same national collection, Dr. Gray has exa-

mined them, and that eminent zoologist has favoured me with the

following note of the result :—‘I have compared the skeleton with

the species which have been usually described under the name of

D. globiceps, and it would appear that the shape of the head of the

animal scarcely justified that name ; I can find no difference between

the Irish and the other specimens.”

June 14, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Dr. Crisp exhibited the alimentary canal and ova of a Cuckoo

(C. canorus), dissected on the 30th of May last. Some facts were

observed that were thought of sufficient interest to place before the

Society. A perfect egg was found in the oviduct, ready for expul-

sion, and about fifty in the ovary ; two of the size of large peas, the

others much smaller; a circumstance which tends to confirm the

opinion that the eggs of this bird are deposited at intervals of seven

or eight days.

The gizzard was lined with a hair-like substance, which, under the

microscope, proved to be the spines from the legs of beetles. The

gizzard contained a large quantity of the remains of the Cockchafer,

and one of the Click-beetles, but no trace of a Caterpillar was dis-

covered. In 1834 Mr. Thompson exhibited the gizzard of a Cuckoo

at the Society (Proceedings, p. 29), and at first the hairy lining was

supposed to be a natural structure, but Prof. Owen, on microscopic

examination, believed that the hairs were from the larva of the Tiger-

moth (Arctia caja).

Dr. Crisp thought the subject worthy of future inquiry, and that

it would be important to ascertain whether this hairy lining is present

in the Caprimulgide and other insectivorous birds. As regards the

spines of the beetles and the hairs of the larva of the Tiger-moth,

the microscope shows this important difference,—the hairs are all

furnished with alternate lateral aciculz ; the spines of the beetles are

smooth, with sharp points.

Explanatory drawings of the parts were exhibited.

Dr. Crisp also showed two new species of worms which he had

recently obtained ; one from the lung of the Egyptian Cobra (Naja

Hajé) which had been in the Society’s collection. It is 3 inches

long, and its chief peculiarity consists in its annular protuberances,

twenty-eight in number.

Dr. Baird has described this worm as a new species, in the British

Museum Catalogue, under the name of Pentastoma annulatum*.

The other specimens were two nematoid worms, which Dr. Crisp

obtained from the knee-joint. of the common Coot (Fulica atra).

They are of a cylindrical form, highly elastic, and coiled in a spiral

manner round each other; the larger of the two, when extended, is

about two inches in length, the smaller about an inch and a half; the

extremities are tapering ; the tail pointed; the head more orbicular.

Under a power of 50 diameters, the alimentary canal can be distinctly

seen.

Dr. Crisp believed that this worm had not been before described ;

it most resembled the Spiroptera Falconis of Rudolphi, or the Spi-

roptera serpentulus of Diesing. In the Museum of the London

College of Surgeons (prep. 170) there are two Filarie, one about

six inches long, from the knee-jomt of the Kangaroo (Macropus

major): and Diesing, in his ‘Systema Helminthum,’ 1850, mentions

the Filaria subspiralis, from the tendons of the foot of a Crane; and

the Spiroptera serpentulus, from the leg and foot tendons of sevetal

species of Falcon.

The following paper was read :—

ON A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROCOLAPTES.

By Putuie Luriey Scuater.

(Aves, Pl. LVII.)

The fine species of Dendrocolaptes which I now bring before the

notice of the Society, was discovered by Mr. Wallace in the neighbour-

hood of Para. My specimen is from the Capin river, where it was

collected in June 1849. A second, in Mr. Wallace’s own collection,

marked ‘ Para,’ is the only other I have seen. Had I not the

authority of Mr. Eyton and the Baron de la Fresnaye for considering

* Dr. Baird has also given a description and figure of this worm, in the Pro-

eedings for the present year, page 22. .Annulosa, Pl. XXX, fig. 7,

Proc, Z.5. Aves. LI

Wolf, lith. M & N. Hanhart,Imp'

DENDROCOLAPTES EYTONI. Sdaze.

the present bird as hitherto undescribed, I should hardly have ven-

tured to characterize a species of this family, which is one of those

most perplexing to ornithologists, by reason of the great similarity of

colouring that pervades the group. The Baron de la Fresnaye, who

has lately written a most complete monograph of these birds in the

‘Revue de Zoologie,’ has mentioned this species in a recent number

of that periodical, under the MS, name I had proposed for it when

on a visit to him eighteen months ago. This makes it desirable, I

think, to give it specific characters at once, in order to avoid the

evils of leaving a published name without a published description

attached.

The specific name is in honour of Mr. Eyton, who has worked a

ereat deal at the Dendrocolaptine, and published the results of his

labours in the shape of descriptions of several new species, and a

general list of the whole subfamily, in the ‘Contributions to Orni-

thology’ for last year.

Denprocoxaptes Eyront, Sclater. D. supra cinnamomeo-brun-

neus ; caude colore intensiore, primariis intus ad apices obscu-

rioribus ; capitis collique superit plumis nigrescentibus, linea

lata mediali fulvo-albida ; subtus, mento et gula albis ; pectore

toto et ventre summo albido flammulatis, singulis plumis plaga

mediali albida utrinque brunneo marginata ; ventre imo et la-

teribus fulvis ; tectricibus subalaribus pallide brunneis ; rostro

paululum incurvo; mandibula superiore nigrescente, inferiore

corneo ; pedibus nigris.

Long. tota, 9-5; alee, 4-0; rostri a rictu, 1-9; a fronte, 1-5.

Hab. in vicinitate Pare, imp. Brasiliensis.

June 28, 1853.

W. Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.

The following paper was read :—

Descriptions or New SHELLS FROM THE COLLECTION OF

H. Cumine, Esa. By Artaur Apams, F.L.S. etc.

1. Garrarium (Corsis) caiatum, A. Adams. G. testa equi-

valvi, subcompressa, equilaterali, alba, transversim ovali, utrin-

que rotundata, costellis transversis, concentricis, crenatis et tu-

berculis triangularibus, squamiformibus in interstitiis pulcher-

rime celata ; tuberculis antice et postice validioribus et imbri

catis ; margine ventrali arcuato, crenulato.

Hab. Sorsogon, Island of Luzon, coarse sand, 6 fathoms (1. C.).

Mus. Cuming,

2. Garrarium (Corsis) scirutum, A. Adams. G. testa equi-

valvi, subequilaterali, alba, opaca, compressiuscula, lamellis

concentricis, equidistantibus ornata, interstitiis lineis elevatis,

longitudinalibus concinne clathratis; latere antico rotundato,

postico subangulato, flecuoso, pulcherrime fimbriato ; margine

ventrali arcuato, vix denticulato, intus lineis impressis, radiatim

dispositis instructo ; sinu pallit impressionis mediocri.

Hab. Puerto Gallaro, 10 fathoms, coarse sand. Mus. Cuming.

3. RANELLA sucunpDa, A. Adams. R. testa fusiformi, albida,

Sascia fusca ad suturas ornata ; anfractibus septem, rotundatis,

liris elevatis, longitudinalibus et transversis, concinne clathratis ;

sutura valde profunda ; varicibus duabus, lateralibus, dilatatis,

radiatim costellatis, marginibus dentatis ; apertura orbiculart,

postice integra, antice canaliculata ; canali aperta, producta,

postice subrecurvata.

Hab. North Australia. Mus. Cuming.

4. Typuis rimBriatus, A. Adams. 7. testa muriciformi, albida,

rufo variegata; spira producta ; anfractibus 5-6, gradatis,

planulatis, superne angulatis, transversim liratis; varicibus

tribus, fimbriatis, interstitiis tubulis brevibus, truncatis, in-

structis ; anfractu ultimo antice producto, fascia fusca, trans-

versa ornato; apertura ovali, postice integra, antice canalicu-

lata ; canali producta, vie clausa ; labro extus valde fimbriato,

jfimbria antrorsum curvata.

Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming.

5. Murex piapema, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi, um-

bilicata, carneo-fulvescenti ; spira producta, anfractibus octo,

am medio angulatis, spinis incurvatis, subfoliatis, eleganter

coronatis, liris transversis, squamulosis, confertis ornatis ;

anfractu ultimo subventricoso, spinis foliatis, laciniatis in-

structo, antice porcis tribus, transversis, squamosis ornato ;

apertura ovali ; labio simplice, recto ; labro acuto, intus lirato ;

canali aperta, brevi, postice subcurvata; regione umbilicali

squamis imbricatis circumdata.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming.

6. Murex pumitus, A. Adams. M. testa parva, carneola,

ovato-fusiformi ; spira elevata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis ;

anfractu ultimo varicibus quinque marginibus denticulatis, liris

majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus; liris squamoso-asperis ;

apertura ovali, labio antice tuberculifero, labro interne valde

lirato ; canali brevi, vix aperta, retrorsum curvata.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

7. Murex Satieanus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi,

sordide alba, fusco variegata; anfractibus convexis, costellis

transversis, elevatis, nodulosis, interstitiis elevatim liratis,

ornatis ; varicibus tribus, transversim costato-spinosis, inter-

stitiis nodosis ; apertura rotundato-ovali, intus alba, postice

canaliculata ; canali producta, vix clausa, antice subreflexa.

Hab. Saint Domingo, West Indies. Mus. Cuming.

8. Murex pauxinuus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi,

rimata, nigro-fusca, fasciis albis ornata ; spira producta, aper-

turam equante; anfractibus septem; varicibus parvis, sub-

confertis ; liris duabus, ad varices nodatis ; interstitiis squa-

mulis instructis; anfractu ultimo fasciis tribus, albis, trans-

versis ornato, varicibus septem et costis asperis, ad varices no-

datis, instructo ; apertura ovali; labio simplice ; labro intus

albido et nodoso-lirato, extus fimbriato; canali brevi, aperta,

viz reflexa.

Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming.

9. Murex triviatis, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusifornm,

rufescente, lineis transversis, fuscis ornata; spira producta ;

anfractibus septem, convexis ; varicibus tribus, squamigeris,

interstitiis nodulis, sepe duplicatis, ornatis ; apertura ovalt,

postice sulcata; labro intus lirato; canali aperta, recta, sub-

producta.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

10. Murex rimspriatus, A. Adams. WM. testa solida, pyriforme,

albida, rufo sparsim variegata ; spira brevi; anfractibus qua-

tuor, superne excavatis; varicibus septem, reflexis, Jimbriatis,

radiatim costatis, concinne squamulosis, marginibus laciniatis ;

anfractu ultimo producto, acuminato ; apertura rotundata,

postice integra, antice canaliculata, recta, canali clausa, antice

subrecurvata.

Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming.

11. Murex scauaris, A. Adams. WM. testa scalariformi, umbi-

licata, sordide alba, rufo-fusco variegata ; anfractibus convex-

iusculis, ad suturas planulatis; anfractu ultimo varicibus

costiformibus novem, liris transversis, elevatis, squamosis, spi-

nulosis, ad costas instructo; apertura ovali, postice integra,

antice canaliculata ; canali subproducta ; labro intus lirato.

Hab. Australia, Moreton Bay (Strange). Mus. Cuming.

12. Murex castus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovata, crassa, alba ;

spira brevi, apice acuto; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis ;

ultimo varicibus septem, rotundatis, laminis transversis, subdi-

stantibus, marginibus liberis, squamulosis, imbricatis, in serie

unica dispositis, ornato ; apertura ovali, postice integra, antice

canaliculata; canali vie producta, recurvata, aperta ; labro

crenulato, intus lirato.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

13. Murex armatus, A. Adams. M. testa ovato-fusiformt,

umbilicata, alba, spira producta ; anfractibus septem in medio

angulatis ; anfractu ultimo varicibus octo, spinis acutis, promi-

nentibus, majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus, armato, inter-

stitiis costis elevatis, eleganter squamulosis, ornatis ; apertura

ovali ; labio postice subexpanso, antice tuberculis duobus in-

structo; canali producta, vie recurvata.

Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming.

14. Murex nirens, A. Adams. M. testa ovato-fusiformi,

rimata, alba, nitida, maculis fuscis sparsim ornata ; spira

acuta; anfractibus planiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, liris

transversis, elevatis, ad costas subspinosis ; apertura ovali,

intus lutescente ; labio antice obsolete plicato; labro margine

acuto, intus valde lirato; canali brevi, aperta, recurvata.

Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

15. Murex Coreanicus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi,

triquetra, pallide fusca, maculis castaneis sparsim notata ;

anfractibus sublevibus, obsolete liratis ; varicibus tribus, foli-

atis, marginibus crenatis, reflexis, dente valido instructis ; inter-

stitiis nodo unico ornatis ; apertura ovali, labio antice producto,

subrefleco ; labro intus tuberculato, antice dente valido in-

structo; canali subrecta, clausa.

Hab. Corean Archipelago. Mus. Cuming.

16. Murex Avsrraiensis, A. Adams. M. testa fusiformi,

spira producta, albida, rufo-fusco tincta; anfractibus sex

convexis, transversim valde liratis, liris subasperis, varicibus

prominentibus, spinoso-laciniatis, in seriebus tribus dispositis ;

interstitiis nodo unico instructis ; apertura ovali, intus rubra ;

canali producta, recta, aperta, extus fimbriato-spinosa.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

17. Murex coccineus, A. Adams. WM. testa parva, ovato-fu-

siformi, coccinea; spira acuminata, producta; anfractibus

quingque, transversim valde porcata, porcis ad suturas nodosis ;

varicibus equalibus, mediocribus, in anfractu ultimo sex, superne

subangulato-spinosis; apertura ovali, intus coccinea; labro intus

valde lirato; canali brevi, subreflexa, aperta.

Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies. Mus. Cuming.

18. Murex pesrectus, A.Adams. WM. testa fusiformi, sordide

alba, ngro-fusco variegata ; anfractibus conveuis, transversim

livatis, liris rugosis, inequalibus ; varicibus tribus, foliato-spi-

nosis, laciniatis, interstitiis nodo unico instructis; apertura

ovali, intus alba, postice canaliculata ; canali producta, recta,

via aperta.

Hab. West Indies. Mus. Cuming.

19. Murex sussprnosus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi,

serotina, nigro-fusco punctata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis,

transversim valde liratis, liris ad costas nodosis; nodulis

Juseis ; varicibus costiformibus, (in anfractu ultimo septem)

obliquis, nodoso-spinosis ; apertura ovali, imtus aurantiaca,

labio antice triplicato ; labrointus valde dentato ; canal brevi,

aperta, subreflexa.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

20. PustoneLLA GRANDIS, A. Adams. PP. testa ovato-fusi-

Sormi, alba, levi, spira producta, acuminata; anfractibus

novem, planiusculis, ultimo superne subangulato, antice lineis

elevatis, transversis instructo ; apertura angusta, ovali; labio

levigato, postice calloso, antice carina spirali instructo ; canali

postice subreflexa ; labro simplice, acuto.

Hab. Ichaboe, W. Africa. Mus. Cuming.

A large species entirely of a white colour, and with the surface of

the whorls nearly smooth ; the outline of the spire is convex, and the

shell is of a solid growth.

21. Pustonevya tirara, A. Adams. P. testa fusiformi, fuscata,

spira producta, acuta; anfractibus decem, planulatis, trans-

versim liratis, liris elevatis, subgranulosis ; apertura elongato-

ovali, antice producta ; canali postice subreflexa ; labio simplice,

subflecuoso ; labro acuto, intus levigato.

Hab. Senegal. Mus. Cuming.

A brown aciculate species, with close-set, transverse, somewhat

granulated lire.

22. VexILua LineaTA, A. Adams. J. testa ovali, Susca, lineis

albis, transversis ornata ; spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractu ultimo

magno, superne rotundato, transversim striato ; apertura elon-

gato-ovata, postice canaliculata, antice emarginata, intus cine-

rea; labio explanato ; columella arcuata, simplice; labro pla-

nulato, intus dentato-lirato, margine crenulato.

Hab. Philippines ; Isle of Capul. Mus. Cuming.

23. Triconia nositis, A. Adams. 7’. testa ovata, equivalvi,

mequilaterali, alba, transversim striata; latere antico levi,

latiore, rotundato, obsolete anguloso, superne viz alato, pro-

ducto ; latere postico breviore, producto, truncato, angustato,

aperto, radiatim suleato; foramine ovali, marginibus incrassatis,

subreflexis ; margine ventrali arcuato, regulari, simplice.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

24. StyLina FuLvescens, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-acuminata,

vie rimata, obliqua, pellucida, fulvescente, apice attenuata,

stylifera ; suturis impressis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato ; aper-

tura ovata, antice subproducta; labro arcuato, margine vix in-

crassato, antice subreflexo.

Hab. Island of Labuan ; found in a Star-fish. Mus. Gruner and

Cuming.

25. Stromaretya Bacont, A. Adams. _S. festa ovali-orbiculata,

subturbinata, spira producta, apice acuto; anfractibus superne

concavis ; sordide alba, rufo-fusco variegata, transversim spi-

raliter sulcata, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis; apertura

aperta, intus sulcata; labio subincrassato, albo, reflexo, con-

centrice striato.

Hab. Swan River. Mus. Cuming.

In form this species somewhat resembles S. papyracea, but it is

smaller, of a more solid texture, and with colouring and sculpture

entirely of a different character. ;

26. SromaTeLLta Cuminei, A. Adams. SS. testa auriformi,

imperforata ; spira depressa, lutescenti-albida, transversim spt-

raliter costata, costis elevatis, subequalibus, asperis, rufo-fusco

articulatis ; interstittis lamellis subimbricatis, tenuibus, longi-

tudinalibus ornatis; apertura patula, intus sulcosa; labio

subreflexo.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This is a large and elegant species, with a peculiar yellow, glisten-

ing tinge in the iutervals between the spiral rugose ribs; the aper-

ture is very transverse, and the inner lip is reflexed on the columella.

27. SromaTetta Arasica, A. Adams. 8S. testa ovato-globosa,

subturbinata, umbilicata, alba, rubro concinne variegata ; spira

producta; anfractibus liratis, ultimo ventricoso, convexo, trans-

versim striato; apertura aperta, subovali; columella obliqua,

regione umbilicali impressa; labio albo, tenui, reflexo, umbili-

cum partim obtegente.

Hab. Red Sea. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small species with the whorls rounded and simply striated.

The colour and markings vary ; the ground, however, is usually white

with large irregular reddish blotches.

28. STOMATELLA CALLIosToma, A. Adams. _ S. testa ovato-sub-

turbinata, rimata, spira depressa, rufescente, fusco variegata,

transversim lirata, liris elevatis, inequalibus ; apertura trans-

versim ovali, intus rosea, iridescente; labio tenui, acuto, ar-

cuato.

Hab. Ceylon. Mus. Cuming.

The interior of the aperture in this species is 6f a beautiful irides-

cent reddish or violet tint; externally, the whorls are spirally lirate,

and of a reddish brown, variegated with markings of a darker colour.

29. SroMATIA BICARINATA, A. Adams. SS. testa turbinata, um-

bilicata ; spira producta, lutescente, maculis viridibus radiatim

dispositis, ornata; anfractibus planiusculis, superne angulatis,

ultimo carinis duabus elevatis, instructo, transversim spirali-

ter striato ; apertura mediocri, subtetragonal ; columella recta,

antice vie callosa.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia. Mus. Cuming.

This is a very pretty species with a deep umbilicus, and straight

columella ; the whorls are furnished with prominent keels, of which

there are two on the last whorl; the shell is ornamented with green

blotches.

July 12, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. On some FISHES ALLIED TO GYMNOTUS.

By Aurrep R. WALLACE.

My object is to call the attention of the Society to some curious

fishes allied to the Electrical Eel, which are abundant in the fresh

waters of South America. They present many modifications of form,

and will probably constitute a distinct family or subfamily. They

may be characterized as fishes of an elongate form, very slender

posteriorly, without dorsal or ventral fins, but with a very long anal

fin. The intestines are situated immediately behind the head, and

occupy a very small portion of the entire length of the fish. The

teeth are very small, or altogether wanting. The air-bladder is in

some species very long, in others almost obsolete; and the scales are

very minute, ovate, concentrically striate, and often so imbedded in

mucus as to be invisible till scraped off. The gill-opening is gene-

rally very small, and the eyes and nostrils minute.

There seems to be sufficient variety of form and structure to justify

the establishment of five genera.

1. The true Gymnotus (of which the Gymnotus electricus appears

to be the only well-known species), characterized by the anal fin

reaching the extremity of the tail, which is flattened; by the air-

bladder extending almost the entire length, in a cavity beneath the

vertebree ; and by having a single row of short acute teeth in each

aw.

: 2. The genus Carapus, to which five of my species belong. These

have the tail cylindrical and pointed, extending beyond the anal fin ;

a band of minute teeth in each jaw; and a double air-bladder, gene-

rally of very small size. One of my species appears to be identical

with Carapus brachyurus of Bloch.

3. A form, of which I have but one representative, which has a

deep body, a rather large mouth, but no teeth, and a small round

single air-bladder.

4. Two long-jawed species, which have a very small mouth, xo

teeth, and no air-bladder. The larger of these is probably the Gym-

notus rostratus of Schneider.

5. The genus Apteronotus, which differs from all the preceding

in having a small, but perfectly-formed and rayed caudal fin, a rather

large mouth, with the lower jaw shutting within the upper, and the

teeth rather acute and prominent in a row on the sides of the jaws

only. My representative of this genus appears to be quite distinct

from Apteronotus albifrons of Lacépéde.

These fishes were all found near the sources of the Rio Negro and

Orinoco, one of the most central positions in South America. They

are most abundant in the smaller streams, and feed on minute aqua-

tic insects. None of them, except the common Gymnotus, have

any electrical properties. They are all eaten, though, owing to the

number of forked or branched bones in every part of their bodies,

they are not much esteemed. .

The situation of the vent in these fishes is very peculiar, the in-

testine passing forwards from the stomach, instead of backwards, as is

usually the case, so that they have the anus situated under the throat;

in one of the long-snouted species it is actually considerably in front

of the eyes, a peculiarity which I believe does not occur in any other

vertebrated animal.

This fish, too, is remarkable for the very singular manner in which

it is said to feed. It is asserted that it lives principally on ants and

white ants, which it obtains by laying its tail out upon land. The

ants, attracted by its mucous covering, crawl thickly upon it, when

the fish dives down and leaves the ants struggling upon the sur-

face of the water, where it is enabled to eat them at its leisure. The

Indians assert that, when fishing at night, they often see this take

lace.

s To give some idea of the distribution of fishes in the rivers of

South America, I may mention, that of 205 species which I found in

the Rio Negro,—

43 were spinous-finned fishes, principally Percide and Labride ;

54 were Siluride ;

80 were Salmonide ;

24 were other soft-finned fishes, of the families Hsocide, Anguillide

and Cyprinide ; and

4 were Ray fish (cartilaginous fishes).

2. Descriptions p ANCYLES NOUVEAUX, DE LA COLLECTION

DE M. CumMING, PRECEDEE D'UNE COURTE NOTICE SUR

LE GENRE ANCYLUS, ET D’UN CATALOGUE COMPLET DES

ESPECES QUI LE COMPOSENT. Par M. J. R. BourGguienat.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXV.)

M. Cuming, sur la recommandation du savant conchyliologue

frangais, M. Deshayes, ayant bien voulu nous communiquer sa col-

lection d’ dncyles, nous nous sommes empressés de l’examiner ; et

comme nous y avons reconnus plusieurs espéces inconnues jusqu’d ce

jour, nous croyons devoir en donner les descriptions.

Nous les ferons précéder de quelques courtes notes sur le genre

méme auquel ces coquilles nouvelles appartiennent, et d’une liste de

toutes les espéces jusqu’ici connues.

Mais tout d’abord, n’oublions pas de remercier M. Cuming de la

communication si bienveillante qu’il a bien voulu nous faire; l’ex-

tréme bonne grace qu’il y a mis ne nous a point surpris; nous n’at-

tendions pas moins de lui, tous les conchyliologues savent qu’il joint

Proc. Z.5. Mollusca, AAV.

“EB Levasseur del et lith, Imp Lemercier, Paris

4.4 Ancylus Cummgianus .

10 _ tty id Drouéetianus .

18 _28 id. Bacomu

26 _ $3 id Saulcyanus .

Fam ye % Vers . +4

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aux connaissances du savant, le caractére distingué du véritable “ gen-

tleman.”’

§ 1. Historique du genre Ancylus.

Le genre Ancylus a été eréé par Etienne Louis Geoffroy en 1767,

dans son petit traité des coquilles de Paris; et adopté presque immé-

diatement, en 1774, par Othon Frédéric Miller, dans son excellent

travail, ‘ Vermium terr. et fluv. Historia,’ vol. ii. p. 199.

Le mot Ancylus est tiré du grec, ayctdos, UNCUS, crochu, et ne

vient point, ainsi que plusieurs naturalistes le pensent, du vocable

latin, Ancila, boucher.

Cependant, c’est Martin Lister qui, le premier (en 1678), fit con-

naitre sous le nom de Patella fluviatilis, une espéce de ce genre ;

espéce qu'il reproduisit en 1685 sous la méme désignation dans les

descriptions de son ‘ Historia sive Synopsis Meth. Conch.,’ no. 39.

96.

. Depuis cet auteur jusqu’a nos jours les diverses espéces d’ Ancylus

ont été rangées tantét dans un genre, tantot dans un autre.

Ainsi: Gualtieri, 1742; Linnzeus, 1746, 1758, 1761 et 1767, dans

les principales éditions de ses ouvrages; Ginanni, 1757; Pennant,

1777; DaCosta, 1778; Schroter, 1779; Gmelin, 1788; Bruguiére,

1789; Poiret, 1801; Montagu, 1803; Schlotheim, 1818; Turton,

1819; Dillwyn, 1823 ; Wood, 1828, &c., ont places les Ancyles dans

le genre Patella.

Klein, 1753, dans le genre Calyptra.

Des Alliers @’ Argenville, 1742; Buc’hoz, 1771, dans le genre Lepas.

Denis de Montfort, 1810, dans le genre Helcion.

Oken, 1816, dans celui des Bulimus.

Fleming, 1828, dans les Crepidula.

Gray, 1840, dans les genres Ancylus et Velletia.

Mais le genre Ancylus, créé par Geoffroy en 1767, adopté par Mil-

ler en 1774, a été successivement employé par Draparnaud, 1801 et

1805; Férussac, 1807; Millet, 1813; Desmarest, 1814; Brard, 1815;

C. Pfeiffer, 1821; Lamarck, Nilsson et Férussac, 1822; Deshayes,

1824; De la Pylaie, Risso, Sowerby, 1826; Lyell, 1827; Sander-

Rang, 1829; Menke, Zieten, 1830; Michaud, 1831, &e. &c., enfin

par tous les conchyliologues de nos jours.

Le genre Ancylus a été également balloté de famille en famille :—

De Roissy, 1805, place ce genre dans la famille des Patelles.

Duméril, 1806, dans celle des Dermobranches.

Lamarck, 1822, dans celle des Calyptraciens.

Férussac, 1819 et 1822; Menke, 1828; Deshayes, 1830, dans

celle des Lymnéens.

Hartmann, 1821, dans celle des Preumonés Limnophiles.

De Blainville, 1825, dans celles des Otidés et des Subaplysiens.

Latreille, 1825, dans celle des Limnocochlides.

Risso, 1826, dans celle des Auricules.

Fleming, 1828, dans celle des Pulmoniferes aquatiques.

Sander-Rang, 1829, dans celle des Semiphyllidiens.

Turton, 1801, dans celle des Patellides.

Gray, 1840, dans celle des Limneade.

Enfin, M. Moquin-Tandon, 1852, dans celle des Lymnéens.

Trois conchyliologues ont méme créé pour ce genre une famille

spéciale :—

Menke, 1830, la famille des Ancylea;

Fitzinger, 1833, celle des Ancyloidea;

Mauduyt, 1839, celle des Ancyliens ;

Familles qui ont été successivement adoptées par M. l’abbé Dupuy,

1847, 1851, dans son grand ouvrage sur les Mollusques de la France.

Quant & l’ordre dans lequel les Ancyles ont été rangé par les con-

chyliologues, ce genre a encore été balloté de Vordre des Inféro-

branches, Hypobranches, Dermobranches, Pectinibranches, Scuti-

branches, Pleurobranches, Cyclobranches, Monopleurobranches, Pneu-

monobranches, Tectibranches, Pulmobranches, &c., dans ceux des

Adelopneumonés, Pulmonés, Pulmoniferes aquatiques, &c. &e.

Enfin, M. Moquin-Tandon, 1852, a eréé pour ce genre l’ordre des

Gastéropodes Amphibies.

Tel est aussi succinctement que possible l’historique du genre An-

cylus.

§ 2. Description du Genre.

Animal gastéropode amphibie, plus ou moins conique en dessus,

aplati en dessous, marchant sur un pied large, de forme ovalaire,

profondément séparé de lenveloppe palléale qui est ordinairement

mince, de couleur uniforme ou maculée, et qui recouvre tout l’ani-

mal, comme une immense calotte, excepté en avant. Téte grosse et

courte, subquadrangulaire, portant latéralement deux tentacules

courts, contractiles, tronqués au sommet, et offrant au cété externe a

la partie inférieure une sorte de dilatation mince et arrondie. Yeux

sessiles, médiocres et arrondis, placés 4 la base interne et antérieure

des tentacules. Bouche ordinairement étroite, située en dessous, au

milieu du mufle, et possédant trois machoires; une transversale et

deux verticales. Poche pulmobranchiale, ainsi que l’orifice anal et

génital, situde soit 4 gauche (Ancylastrum), soit a droite (Velletia).

Coquille recouvrant entiérement Vanimal, épidermée, muscoso-

cornée ou crétacée, transparente ou opaque, lisse ou striée, de forme

Patelloide ou Pyléoside, plus ou moins spirale, présentant un som-

met mousse, obtus ou aigu, &c., plus ou moins postérieur, et plus ou

moins incliné & droite (Ancylastrum), ou & gauche (Velletia). Im-

pressions musculaires trés-peu visibles, étroites, linéaires, situées un

peu au dessus du péristome.

§ 3. Division du genre Ancylus en deux sections, Ancylastrum

et Velletia.

Il existe plusieurs systémes pour le sectionnement des espéces du

genre Ancylus.

Beck notamment a séparé les dncyles en deux groupes; le premier

auquel il conserve le nom d’ Ancylus, le second qu’il nomme dero-

lowus.

Nous ne pouvons adopter le systt¢me de Beck, car il n’a aucune

valeur scientifique.

Gray a été plus loin, au lieu de deux sections, il divise les espéces

du genre Ancylus en deux genres distincts. D’abord le genre An-

cylus, ensuite le genre Velletia.

L’espéce type pour laquelle cet auteur a créé ce genre nouveau, est

V Ancylus lacustris de Miller.

Cette division a quelque chose de bon, puisqu’elle se fonde sur un

caractére réel: la position de la cavité pulmobranchiale. Mais nous

ne pensons pas qu'il faille adopter le nouveau genre d’une manitre

tout-A-fait absolue, car il faut remarquer que le caractére sur lequel

Gray l’a appuyé, est isolé, et que sauf cette différence, il n’y ena pas

d’autres suftisantes pour autoriser la séparation complete du lacustris,

d’avec les autres espéces d’ Ancyles.

Nous ne conserverons done l’appellation Velletia, que comme une

simple indication d’une subdivision du genre Ancylus.

Pour nous, nous fondant sur cette loi que nous avons reconnu con-

stante, et quia pour base la conformation de l’animal et celle de son

test ; loi que voici:—La direction du sommet correspond toujours,

mais en sens inverse, avec la position dextre ou sénestre de la poche

pulmobranchiale—nous établissons deux groupes d’ Ancyles dont voici

les caractéres :—

Groupe 1. AncyLastrumM. Animal sénestre; coquille ayant tou-

jours le sommet plus ou moins ineliné a droite.

Groupe 2. Vetuetra. Animal deetre; coquille ayant toujours le

sommet plus ou moins incliné & gauche.

§ 4. Caractéres distinctifs des Espéces.

Apres avoir établi les caractéres généraux des groupes, disons

maintenant un mot sur ceux des espéces.

Voici, selon nous, les caractéres essentiels sur lesquelles il faut se

baser pour créer une bonne espéce dans le genre Ancylus.

Le premier et le plus essentiel, parce qu’il correspond toujours ala

conformation anatomique de l’animal, est da position dextre ou sé-

nestre du sommet. Maintenant, ce sommet, quelque soit sz. position,

peut présenter des formes différentes de contour, de courbure, d’obli-

quité, &e.

Un second caractére trés-important, mais cependant inférieur, est

le mode d’apres lequel le test prend sa croissance ;—caractére au

moyen du quel on peut ¢tablir pour les Ancyles les groupes suivants :—

1. Les espéces a accroissement rectiligne, c’est-a-dire les Ancyles

dont les parties de la coquille, placées entre Ja pointe du sommet et

le contour antérieur du péristome, vont en s’evasant sans prendre une

apparence concave ou convexe.

2. Les espéces a accroissement convexe.

3. Les especes a accroissement complexe, c’est-a-dire, celles dont la

croissance suit deux marches différentes et successives, soit qu’elle ap-

paraisse: 1. conveve et ensuite rectiligne ; 2. convene et enfin concave.

Nous allons indiquer maintenant un troisiéme caractére, qui parait

avoir échappé jusqu’a ce jour a la sagacité des auteurs: il consiste

dans une dépression souvent trés-apparente, que l’on trouve constam-

ment au sommet du test des Ancyles, et que nous appellerons dépres-

sion apicale.

La dépression dont il s’agit se présente, selon les espéces, sous deux

formes, la forme elliptique et la forme arrondie; elle peut occuper

en outre une des quatre positions suivantes :—

1. Elle peut se trouver a 7 extremité du sommet, et regarder la base

du bord postérieur du péristome ; alors, et en raison méme de cette

position, elle se rapproche toujours de la forme arrondie.

2. Elle peut étre placée wn peu au-dessus de la pointe du sommet,

et regarder plus ou moins obliquement le ciel, suivant que le sommet

offre une spire plus ou moins prononcée.

3. Placée dans la position qui précéde, la dépression apicale peut

se rencontrer sur le cété droit du sommet.

4, Ou bien elle peut se trouver sur le cété gauche du sommet.

Dans ces trois derniéres positions la dépression apicale se présente

ordinairement sous la forme elliptique.

N’oublions pas, enfin, un indice caractéristique non moins excel-

lent qu’on aurait tort de laisser de coté ; il s’agit des meewrs et du mode

@habitation des individus; sil n’est pas fondamental, il est du

moins grave et important.

Ce n’est qu’aprés un examen sérieux de ces caracttres de premier

ordre, que l’observateur pourra s’occuper des formes d’ouverture, de

stries, de ’épaisseur, de la couleur du test, &c.—accidents variables,

et, selon nous, secondaires.

§ 5. Distribution géographique des Ancyles.

Les Ancyles se trouvent répandus en Amérique, en Asie, en Afrique,

en Europe, et en Océanie.

Les espéces d’ Ancyles de la section des Ancylastrum, habitent

dans ces cing parties du monde que nous venons de citer.

Celles de la section des Velletia n’ont été recueillies jusqu’’ pré-

sent que dans notre continent Européen.

Nous allons donner un simple catalogue des espéces du genre An-

eyle par ordre alphabétique, tout en les divisant en Ancylastrum et

en Velletia.

A chacune de ces espéces que nous allons énumérer, nous n’indi-

querons que les synonymies les plus indispensables, et les localités pré-

cises ou. chacune d’elles a été rencontrée jusqu’a ce jour.

Ensuite, nous terminerons cette notice par des descriptions détail-

lées des espéces nouvelles provenant de la collection de M. Cuming.

§ 6. Catalogue des Espéces du genre Ancylus.

Groupe 1. ANCYLASTRUM.

1. AncyLus apuncus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.ii.p.210,

1847.

Hab. Vile de Madére.

2. Ancyuvus Barixensis, Stef. Moricand, troisitme Supplém. au

Mém. sur les Coq. terr. et fluv. de la prov. de Bahia, p. 65. tab. 5.

fig. 30-32, 1845.

Hab. \e lac Baril, prés de Bahia (Brésil).

3. Ancyzus Brant, Bourguignat, Cat. des espéces du genre An-

cylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 176, 1853.

Had. les mares de la Guadeloupe.

4. Ancyzus Carrer, Krauss, Die Sudafrik. Moll.,p. 70. tab. 4.

fig. 13, 1848. \

Hab. la terre de Natal, aux environs de Piéter Mauritzburg (Afrique).

5. AncyLus catcartus, De Kay, Zool. of New Yark, Xc. part 5.

Mollusca, p. 13. pl. 5. fig. 99. a. B, 1843. ‘

Hab. \e Passaic, prés de Patterson, dans les Etats-Unis.

6. AncyLus CHARPENTIERIANUS, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du

genre Anc., in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 173. pl. 6. fig. 12, 1853.

Hab. les environs de Valparaiso (Amérique du Sud).

7. AncyLus compressus*, Nyst, Descript. des Coq. et des Po-

lypiers foss. des terrains tertiaires de la Belgique, p. 460. no. 396.

pl: 38. fig. 16. a. B.c, 1843.

Espéce fossile des sables noirs des ‘environs d’Anvers, en Belgique.

8. AncyLus concentricus, Alc. d’Orbigny, Syn. terr. et fluv.

Moll. in Mag. de Zool., Classe 5. no. 61. p. 24. no. 3, 1835, et Voy.

dans Amér. mérid., Moll. tom. v. 3 partie, p. 354. pl. 42. fig. 18, 19,

1836.

Ancile concentrique, Chenu, Lec. élém.sur l’hist.nat., Conch. p.145.

fig. 845, 1847.

Hab. les environs de Montevideo, dans la république de ’ Uruguay

(Amérique du Sud).

9. AncyLus costuLatus, Kiister in litt. Bourguignat, Cat. des

espéces du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 191, 1853.

Hab. en Europe, les iles de Corse, de Sicile, de Sardaigne, les Ba-

léares ; en Afrique, l Algérie.

10. AncyLus crassus, Haldeman, Monogr. Freshwater Univ.

Moll. &c. no. 7. p. 14. pl. 1, fig. 8, 1844.

Hab. Y Orégon, dans les Etats-Unis.

11. ANcyLus cuLicoipes+, Alc. d’Orbigny, Syn. terr. et fluv.

Moll. &c. in Mag. de Zool. Classe 5, no. 61. p. 23. no. 1, 1835, et Voy.

dans l’Amér. mérid., Moll. tom. v. 3 partie, p. 355. pl. 42. fig. 9-12,

1836.

Hab. \es marais qui communiquent avec la riviére de Guayaquil,

non loin de la ville du méme nom, dans la république de l Equateur

(Amérique du Sud).

* Non Ancylus compressus, Parreyss, qui est une espéce différente.

+ Non Ancylus culicoides, Moricand, qui est une espéce différente.

No. CCLIII.—Procerepincés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

12. ANcyLus cycLostoma, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre

Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 193, 1853.

Hab. le département de |’ Aube (France).

13. ANCYLUS DEPERDITUS *, Desmarest, Note sur les Ancyles, —

ou Patelles d’eau-douce, in Bull. des Sc. par la Soc. Phil. de Paris,

tom. iv. no. 76. p.19. no. 5. pl. 1. fig. 14, 1814.

Ancylus depressus+, Keferstein, Die Naturg. des Erdkorp. &c.

p- 418. no. 2, 1834.

Espéce fossile du calcaire lacustre d’Ulm, en Bavitre.

14. AncyLtus DesHayesianus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du

genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 183, 1853.

Localité inconnue; probablement du continent européen.

15. ANcyLus pIAPHANUS, Haldeman, New Species of Shells,

&c., in Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c. 1841; Monogr. Fresh-

water Univ. Moll. &c. p. 8. pl. 1. fig. 4, Jan. 1844.

Hab. Y Ohio, dans les Etats-Unis.

16. ANcyLus FrLosus, Conrad, New Freshwater Shells of the

United States, &c. p. 57, 1834. Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ.

Moll. &c. p. 10, 1844.

Velletia filosus, Hald., loc. sup. cit. pl. 1. fig. 9, 1844.

Hab. \a riviére de Black Warrior, au sud des sources de Blount,

en Alabama (Amérique du Nord).

17. ANcyuus Fruscus, C. B. Adams, Descr. of Thirteen New Species

of New-England Shells, in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. iii. p.329. pl. 3.

fig. 17, 1841. Gould, Report on the Invert. of Massach. &c. p. 224.

fig. 152, 1841. Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c. p. 12.

pl. 1. fig. 7, 1844.

Cet Ancyle a été découvert pour la premiére fois dans un petit

ruisseau, prés d’ Andover, ville de l Etat de Massachusetts. Depuis

on I’a encore recueilli dans un étang prés de Harvard, ainsi qu’aux

environs de Mansfield, de Stratford, de Norwich, &c., dans les Etats-

Unis.

18. AncyLus Gipsosus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre An-

cylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 186, 1853.

Ancylus deperditust, Ziegler ; Parreyss ; Kiister, in litt. et sched.

Ancylus spina-rose§, Schmidt, in litt. et sched. (teste Villa, Disp.

Syst. Conch. &e. p. 39, 1841).

* Non Ancylus deperditus de Ziegler, Parreyss, Kuster et Dupuy, qui est I’ An-

cylus gibbosus; ni Ancylus deperditus de Keferstein, Alc. d’Orbigny, qui est I’ An-

eylus Orbignyanus.

+t Non Ancylus depressus de Haldeman, qui est l’ Ancylus Haldemanii; ni An-

cylus depressus de Deshayes, qui est une espéce différente.

t Non Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest, Lommel, qui est une espéce différente;

ni Ancylus deperditus de Ray et Drouét, qui est une espéce a rapporter 4 l’An-

cylus simplex; ni Ancylus deperditus de Zieten, Keferstein, qui est lV’ dncylus

Orbignyanus.

§ Non Ancylus spina-rose de Draparnaud, Férussac, &c., qui est une espéce

de Crustacé du genre Cypris.

Ancylus deperditus, Dupuy, Hist. nat. des Moll. &e. de la France,

fase. 5. p. 494. no. 4. tab. 26. no. 4, 1851.

Ancylus recurvus, Parreyss (teste Dupuy, Joc. sup. cit.).

Ancylus oblongus *, De Charpentier, in litt. et sched.

Ancylus fluviatilis, Auctorum pler.

Hab. en Allemagne, la Carniole; en France, les Pyrenées, les dé-

partements de l’ Aube, de l’Oise, de la Meuse, &c.; en Afrique, I Al-

gérie.

19. Ancytus Hatpemanu, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre

Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 180, 1853.

Ancylus depressus+, Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c.

p- 6. pl. 1. fig. 2, 1844.

, Hab. la riviére de Holston, aux environs de Washington, dans les

Etats-Unis.

20. Ancytus Havanensis, Pfeiffer, Uebersicht der auf Cuba

gesammelten Moll. in Archiv fiir Naturg. &c. fiinfter Jahrgang, p.350.

no. 2, 1839.

Hab. \es iles de Cuba et de Haiti, dans les Antilles.

21. AncyLus rrRoRATus, Guilding, Observ. on the Zool. of the

Caribean islands, in Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 535. no. 1, 1828; et tab.

suppl. pl. 26. fig. 1-6, 1834.

Hab. Vile de Saint-Vincent, dans les Antilles.

22. Ancyxus Janu, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus,

in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 185, 1853.

Ancylus capuloidest, Jan. in sched. et Porro, Malacol. Comasca,

&e. p. 87. no. 1. tab. 1. fig. 7, 1838.

Ancylus fluviatilis, var. B. capuloidea, Gassies, Quelq. faits d’emb.

des Ancyles, &c. in Act. de la Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, tom. vii. 2 série,

p- 370. fig. 14, 15, 1852.

Hab. en Italie, les eaux de la Lombardie, de la Sicile, &c. ; en

France, les Pyrenées, les environs d’Agen; en Espagne, le Rio del

Norte.

23. ANCYLUS MARGINATUS, Eichwald, Naturhist. Skizze von Li-

thauen, &c. p. 214. no. 3, 1830; Paleontologia Rossica, &c. p. 140.

n. 233. tab. 11. fig. 6. a. B, 1850.

Espéce fossile des environs de Stavnitza, en Russie.

24, Ancytus Moretetu, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre

Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 192, 1853.

Hab. \e Portugal.

* Non Ancylus oblongus (Crepidula) de Fleming, ni Patella oblonga de Light-

foot, et Ancylus oblongus de Parreyss, qui sont des espéces qu’il faut rapporter a

V Ancylus lacustris.

+ Non Ancylus depressus de Deshayes, qui est une espéce fossile de France ;

ni Ancylus depressus de Keferstein, qui est |’ Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest.

t Nomen pessime formatum, nec adoptandum.

25. Ancytus Moricanpt, Alc. d’Orbigny.

Ancylus Bahiensis, Stef. Moricand, olim in litt. et in sched.

Ancylus culicoides *, Moric., Notes sur quelq. esp. nouv. de Coq.

&c. in Mém. de la Soc. de Phys. et d’ Hist. nat. de Genéve, tom. viil.

p- 28. no. 46, 1836.

Ancylus Moricandi, Alc. d’Orb., Voy. dans PAmér. mérid. &e.

Moll. tom. v. 3 partie, p. 355, 1836.

Ancylus navicula, Spix (teste Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p. 124. no. 2,

1837).

Hail le lac Baril, prés de Bahia (Brésil), dans les ruisseaux qui

rejoignent le Parafa, au-dessus de Corrientes, dans la confédération

Argentine.

26. ANcyLUS OBLIQuUS +, Broderip, Charact. of New Spec. of

Moll. &c., by Broderip and Sowerby, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

part 2. p. 202, 1832.

Ancylus radiatus t, Ale. d’Orb., Syn. terr. et fluv. Moll. &c. in

Mag. de Zool. Classe 5. no. 61. p. 24. no. 2, 1835.

Ancylus Gayanus, Ale. d’Orb., Voy. dans ? Amér. mérid. &e. Moll.

tom. v. 3 partie, p. 356, 1836.

Ancylus radiatus, Alc. d’Orb., Voy. dans l Amér. mérid., Atlas,

Moll. pl. 42. fig. 18-21, 1847.

Hab. \e Chili, le Pérou.

27. ANCYLUS oBscuRUS, Haldeman, Monogr. Freshwater Univ.

Moll. &e. p. 9. pl. 1. fig. 5, Jan. 1844.

Hab. \e Nolachuchy, au-dessus de Greenville; le Tenessee, dans

les Etats-Unis ; enfin, Pile de la Jamaique, d’aprés Adams.

28. Ancyxus ostusus§, Arth. Morelet, Descript. des Moll. terr.

et fluv. du Portugal, p. 88. no. 5. pl. 8. fig. 5, 1845.

Hab. le Portugal.

29. AncyLus OrsiGnyanus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre

Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 194, 1853.

Ancylus deperditus|| et deperdites, Zieten, Pét. du Wurtemb. liv. 7.

p- 49. pl. 37. fig. 4. a. B. c. et 5. A. B. Cc, 1830; et méme ouvrage, in

Index alphab. p. 98, 1830.

30. ANCYLUS PARALLELUS, Haldeman, Monogr. Freshwater Univ.

Moll. &e. 1841.

* Non Ancylus culicoides de d’Orbigny, qui est une espéce différente.

t+ Non Ancylus obliquus d’ Adams, qui est |’ Ancylus Petitianus.

+ Non Ancylus radiatus de Guilding, Deshayes, &c., qui est une espéce dif-

férente.

§ Non Ancylus obtusus e Charpentier, qui est une espéce qu’il faut rapporter

al Ancylus simplex.

|| Non Aneylus deperditus de Ziegler, Parreyss, Kiister, Dupuy, &c., qui est

V Ancylus gibbosus; ni Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest, qui est me espéce dif-

férente ; ni Ancylus deperditus de Ray et Drounét, qui est ’ Ancylus simplex.

Ancylus rivularis*, Gould, Report on the Invert. of Massach. &c.

p- 224. fig. 153, 1841.

Aneylus parallelus, Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. no. 7.

p. 2. pl. 1. fig. 6, 1844. ,

Had. les Etats-Unis, dans les Etats de Vermont et de Massachusetts.

31. Ancytus Petit1anus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre

Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 172. pl. 6. fig. 10, 1853.

Ancylus obliquust, C.B. Adams, Descript. of New Species of Shells

which inhabit Jamaica, in Ann. of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New

York, p. 48, 1850.

Haé. la Jamaique.

32. AncyLus piILeowus f, Férussac, Art. Ancyle, in Dict. Class.

d’Hist. nat. dirigé par M. Bory Saint-Vincent, tom. i. p. 346. no. 6,

1822.

Hab. Vile de Scio, dans la Méditerranée.

33. AncyLus RADIATILIS, Arth. Morelet, Test. nov. ins. Cubanee,

pars 2. p. 17. no. 120, 1851.

Hab. les marais de Vile de Pinos, l’ile de Cuba, et celle de Haiti,

dans les Antilles.

34. ANcyLus RADIATUS §, Guilding, Observ. on the Zool. of the

Carib. islands, in Zool. Journ. yol. iii. p. 536. no. 2, 1828.

Variété B.

Ancylus excentricus, Arth. Morelet, Test. nov. ins. Cubanee, pars 2.

p. 17. no. 121, 1851.

Hab. les iles de Saint-Vincent et de Cuba.

La variété B. habite le pays de Peten, au sud du Yucatan, dans le

Guatémala.

35. AncyLtus Raymonpu1, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre

Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 182, 1853.

Hab. \ Algérie.

36. ANcyLus RIPARIUS, Desmarest, Note sur les Ancy/es, in Bull.

des Se. par la Soc. Phil. de Paris, p. 19. pl. 1. fig. 2, 1814.

Ancylus fluviatilis, var. radiatus, Auctorum pler.

Hab. \a France, la Suisse.

37. ANcyLus RIvuLARIs||, Say, Nicholson’s Encyel., Art. Conch.,

in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol.i. p. 125. De Kay, Zool. of New York,

part 5. Moll. p. 12. pl. 4. fig. 98. a. B, 1843. ,

Hab. dans presque toutes les contrées des Etats-Unis, dans l Amé-

rique du Nord.

* Non, Ancylus rivularis de Say, Férussac, Jay, De Kay, &c., qui est une espece

différente.

+ Non Ancylus obliquus de Broderip, H. Miiller, qui est une espéce différente.

+ Non Ancylus pileolus de Beck, qui est une espéce differente.

§ Non Ancylus radiatus d’Alcide d’Orbigny, qui est |’ Ancylus obliquus de Bro-

derip.

|| Non Aneylus rivularis de Gould, qui est |’ Ancylus parallelus.

38. ANCYLUs stmPLEX (Lepas), Buc’hoz.

Patella fluviatilis, fusca, vertice mucronato, inflexoque, Lister,

Hist. Anim. Angliz, p. 151. t. 2. pl. 3. no. 32, 1678.

Patella fluviatilis exigua, subflava, vertice mucronato, inflexoque,

Lister, Hist. sive Syn. Meth. Conch. no. 39. p. 56, 1685.

Lepas rostrata, dArgenville, Hist. Nat. Conch. p. 325, 329.

pl. 27 (les deux premiéres coquilles), 1742.

Lepas simplex, d Argenville, loc. cit. p. 325, 329. pl. 27 (la trois-

ieme coq.), 1742. Buc’hoz, Aldrovy. Lotharingize, &c. p. 236.

no. 1130, 1771.

Ancylus fluviatilis (pars), Draparnaud, Tabl. des Moll. p.47. no. 2,

1801.

Patella cornea (pars), Poiret, Coq. fluv. de Paris, p. 101. no. 2,

1801.

Patella fluviatilis, Montagu, Test. Brit. part 2. p. 484. no. 6,

1803.

Ancylus meridionalis, Beck, Mus. Paris. in specim.

Ancylus Pileolus *, Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p. 123. no. 2, 1837.

Ancylus fluviatilis (pars), Phil. Enum. Moll. Siciliz, tom. i.

p- 120, 1836, tom. ii. p. 93, 1844; et Auctorum Galliz pler.

Ancylus obtusus +, de Charpentier, in specim. ab illo missis.

Ancylus deperditus (pars), Ray et Drouét, Cat. des Moll. de la

champ. mérid. p. 27. no. 116, 1851.

Variété B.

Ancylus costatus, Férussac, Art. Ancyle, in Dict. Class. d’ Hist.

uat. tom. i. p. 346. no. 5, 1822. Villa, Disp. Syst. Conch. &c. p. 39,

61. no. 30, 1841.

Ancylus striatus (altera pars), Arth. Morelet, Descript. des Moll.

&c. du Portugal, p. 86. no. 2, 1845.

Ancylus fluviatilis (pars), Philippi, et Auct. Galliz pler. in spe-

cim. ab illis missis.

Sous-variété B.

Ancylus tinet, Andrea Bivona, Nuovi Moll. &c. Palermo, p-4, 1839.

Ancylus Fabrei, Dupuy, Cat. extram. Galliz Test. p. 1. no. 7. et

p- 3, 1849.

Ancylus compressust, Parreyss, in litt. et in J. Jay, Cat. of Shells,

p- 272. no. 6376, 1850.

Sous-variété C.

Ancylus luteolus, Parreyss, in litt., et in J. Jay, Cat. of Shells, &c.

p. 272. no. 6382, 1850.

Ancylus striatus §, Dupuy, Hist. nat. des Moll. &c. fase. 5. p. 495.

no. 5. tab. 26. fig. 5, 1851.

* Non Ancylus pileolus de Férussac, qui est une espéce différente.

t Non Ancylus obtusus de Morelet, qui est une espéce différente.

¥ Non Ancylus compressus de Nyst, qui est une espéce différente.

§ Non Aneylus striatus de Webb et Berthelot, qui est une espéce différente.

Sous-variété D.

Ancylus sinuosus, Brard, Hist. des Coq. &c. de Paris, p. 201. no. 2.

pl. 7. fig. 4, 1815.

Ancylus fluviatilis, var.C, Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p.123. no. 1, 1837.

Ancylus sinuatus, Dupuy, Cat. extram. Gallic Test. &c. p.1. no. 9,

1849.

Variété C.

Ancylus albus, Hentz, in specim. ab illo missis.

Ancylus fluviatilis, Auct. Germanicorum pler.

Variété D.

Calyptra patella fluviatilis, Klein, Tentamen Meth. Ostrac. &c.

p- 118. § 290, 292. no. 3, 1753.

L’ Ancyle, Geoffroy, Traité sommaire des Coq. de Paris, p. 124,

125. no. 1, 1767.

Ancylus fluviatilis, Miller, Verm. Hist. ii. p. 201. no. 386, 1774.

Patella fluviatilis, Da Costa, Hist. nat. Test. Brit. p. 1. no. 1.

tab. 11. fig. 8. 8, 1778.

Ancylus fluviatilis (altera pars), Draparnaud, Tabl. des Moll. p.47.

no. 2, 1801.

Patella cornea (altera pars), Poiret, Coq. fluv. &c. de Paris, p. 101.

no. 2, 1801.

Patella lacustris*, Donovan, Brit. Shells, tab. 147. fig. 2, 1802.

Ancylus fluviatilis (altera pars), Draparnaud, Hist. des Moll.

p- 48. no. 2. pl. 11. fig. 23, 24, 1805.

Crepidula lacustris, Fleming, Art. Conch., in Edinb. Enc. (in Gray,

‘Man. p. 249, 1840).

Variété KE.

Ancylus Frayssianus, Dupuy, Hist. nat. des Moll. &c. fase. 5.

p- 496. no. 6. tab. 26. fig. 6, 1851.

Variété F.

Ancylus fluviatilis rupicola, Boubée, Bull. d’ Hist. nat. de France,

année 2. livr. 6. p. 7. no. 10, 1833.

Ancylus thermalis, Boubée, in litt., et Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p.124.

no. 3, 1837. ,

Ancylus rubicola, Puton, Essai sur les Moll. &c. des Vosges, p. 62,

1847.

Ancylorum montani et fluviatilis, varietas, Auctor. pler.

L’ Ancylus simplex varie 4 Yinfini de couleurs, de grosseur, de

stries, d’opacité, &c., selon qwil habite les grands fleuves (Ane. flu-

viatilis de Miiller), les petits ruisseaux (Anc. simplex, costatus, Fa-

brei, &e.), ou enfin les torrents des montagnes (due. rupicole,

montanus, &c.).

Cette espéce se rencontre dans toute YEurope, ainsi que dans les

régions septentrionales de l’ Afrique.

AV état fossile, on connait cet Ancyle de diverses localités de France

et d’ Angleterre.

* Non Ancylus lacustris (Patella) de Linnzus, Miiller, ni Velletia lacustris de

Gray, qui sont des espéces différentes.

39. AncyLus striaTus*, Webb et Berthelot, Syn. Moll. terr. et

fluv. p.19.no.1, 1833. Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. de l Astrolabe, Zool.

tom. ili. partie 1. p. 207. pl. 58. fig. 35-38, 1834.

Hab. les iles Canaries, le Portugal et l’ Espagne.

40. AncyLus strictus, Morelet, Descript. des Moll. du Portu-

gal, p. 88. no. 4. pl. 8. fig. 4, 1845.

Hab. \e Portugal et la France.

41. AncyLus stricatus, Parreyss, in litt., et Bourguignat, Cat.

des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. p. 193, 1853.

Hab. les marais de la Sicile.

42. AncyLus TarDus, Say, Disseminator. Mrs. Say’s reprint,

p. 26, 1830.

Hab. \es Etats-Unis, dans ? Amérique du Nord.

43. AncyLus virracevs, Morelet, Desc. des Moll. du Portugal,

&e. p. 87. no. 3. pl. 8. fig. 3, 1845.

Hab. Y Espagne et le Portugal.

Groupe 2. VELLETIA.

44. AncyLus pecussatus, Reuss, Beschreibung der foss. Ostra-

coden und Moll. &c., in Paleontog. Beitrage zur Naturg. des Vor-

welt, tom. ii. p. 17. no. 1. pl. 1. fig. 1, 1849.

Espéce fossile du calcaire d’eau douce de Kolosoruk et de

Tuchor’zic, en Bohéme.

45. AncyLus pepressus +, Deshayes, Desc. des Coq. foss. &c.

de Paris, tom. ii. p. 101. no. 1. pl. 10. fig, 13 (pessima), 1824.

Espéce fossile dans les silex meuliers coquilliers de la deuxitme

formation de Jouy, en France.

46. ANcyLus ELEGANS, Sowerby, Min. Conch, vol. vi. p. 64.

tab. 533, 1826.

Espéce fossile dans les terrains lacustres de ile de Wight, en

Angleterre ; et dans ceux de Auvergne, en France.

47. Ancyius Lacustris ¢ (PaTetia), Linneus.

Patella, Linneeus, Fauna Suecica, p. 369, no. 1292, 1746.

Patella picolissima, Ginanni, Opere Posth. &c. tom. ii. p.50. tab. 2.

fie. 11, 1757.

Patella lacustris, Linneus, Syst. Nat. ed.10. tom.i. p. 783. no. 672,

1758; ed. 12. vol. i. partie 2. p- 1260. no. 769, 1767; Fauna Suecica,

p- 934. no. 2200, 1761.

Ancylus lacustris, Miller, Verm. Hist. ii. p. 199. no. 385, 1774.

* Non Ancylus striatus de Dupuy, qui n’est qu’une simple vari¢té de I’ Ancylus

simplex.

t+ Non Ancylus depressus de Haldeman, qui est |’ dneylus Haldemanii; ni An-

cylus depressus de Keferstein, qui est ]’Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest.

$ Non Aneylus lacustris (Patella) de Donovan, ni Ancylus lacustris ( Crepidula)

de Fleming, qui ne sont que des variétés de l’ Ancylus simplex. ;

Patella oblonga*, Lightfoot, in Phil. Trans. Ixxvi. p. 168. tab. 2.

f. 1-5, 1786.

Velletia lacustris, Gray, Manual of Land and Freshwater Shells,

p- 250. no. 97. tab. 10. fig. 126, 1840.

Crepidula oblonga, Fleming, Art. Conch., in Edinb. Ene. (teste

Gray, Joc. sup. cit.).

Ancylus oblongus, Parreyss, in spec. (teste Dupuy, Hist. nat. des

Moll. &c. fase. 5. p. 497. no. 7. tab. 26. no. 7, 1851).

Cet Ancyle habite les lacs, les marais, les fossés, enfin tous les cours

d’eaux tranquilles de presque toute Europe. On le rencontre ¢égale-

ment dans les petits ruisseaux de l’ile de Madére.

A Pétat fossile, Schlotheim, en Allemagne, John Morris, en Angle-

terre, ont indiqué dans plusieurs dépots de terrains lacustres.

Nous l’avons également recueilli dans les couches d’eau douce des

environs de Paris.

48. Ancytus Marueront, Boissy, Bull. de la Société Géol. de

France, tom. iv. série 2. p. 178, 1846.

Fossile dans le calcaire lacustre de Rilly-la-Montagne, prés de

Reims (département de la Marne, en France).

49. AncyLus Moaurnianvs, Bourguignat, Cat. des espéces du

genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. p.197. no. 52. pl. 6. fig. 9, 1853.

Had. les petits ruisseaux des environs de Dijon et de Toulon, en

France.

Tel est la liste + des espéces qui composent le genre Ancylus. Si,

4 toutes ces especes, on ajoute celles que nous allons maintenant dé-

crire et qui proviennent de la riche collection de M. Cuming, on

aura en ce travail, non-seulement un résumé historique sur le genre,

mais encore un catalogue complet de tous les Ancyles connus jusqu’a

ce jour.

Ancy.us Baconu, Bourguignat. (Pl. XXV. figs. 18-25.) Ane.

testa antice recta vel paululum conveaa, postice recta vel paulu-

lum concava; apice postico, obtusissimo, paululum dextror-

sus dejecto; depressione apicali viz conspicua, in extremitate

verticis sita. Testa parva, fragili, diaphana, levissima, vel

concentrice striatula; epidermide albido-virescente ; apertura

ovata.

Long. 3 mill., lat. 2, alt. 1.

Cette espéce a été recueillie par le Docteur Bacon dans le Bengale.

Collection Cuming.

L’ Ancylus Baconii présente antérieurement et postérieurement

* Non Ancylus oblongus de Charpentier, qui est lAncylus gibbosus.

+ A tous ces noms d’Ancyles il faut ajouter les suivants, que nous n’avons pu

adopter, vu l’ignorance ou nous sommes de la valeur de ces espéces :—Ancylus

rotundatus, Férussac; Ancylus stagnalis, Férussac; Ancylus Hermanni, Férussac ;

Ancylus radiolatus, Kiister ; et Ancylus Nuttallii, Haldeman. En outre, il faut

retrancher du genre Ancylus les especes suivantes :—Lepas d'eau douce, D’ Avila ;

Ancylus acutus, Bronn; Ancylus Gussonii, Costa; et enfin, Ancylus spina-rose de

Draparnaud.

une croissance rectiligne; mais quelquefois l’accroissement anté-

rieure prend une forme un peu convexe, tandisque celle postérieur

devient un peu concave. Le sommet de cet Ancyle est trés-obtus,

généralement émoussé et placé un peu sur le cdté droit par rapport a

la ligne médiane. La dépression apicale, qui est presque invisible, vu

son extréme petitesse, se trouve placé a la partie postérieure du som-

met. Le test de cette petite coquille est fragile, diaphane, ordinaire-

ment lisse, mais quelquefois il offre quelques lignes concentriques,

qui ne sont que des stries d’accroissement. Sa couleur est d’un

blane-verdatre ; son ouverture est ovale.

Cette espéce posséde un facies analogue a celui que présente plu-

sieurs espéces de |’Amérique, parmi lesquelles nous citerons les Anc.

Hawanensis, rivularis, filosus, radiatilis, fuscus, crassus, tardus, ob-

scurus, calcarius, Haldemanii, parallelus, et enfin diaphanus.

1. On distinguera l Ancylus Havanensis de notre Ancylus Baconii,

en ce que l’espéce de Pfeiffer offre une coquille plus grande, plus

épaisse, toujours radiée, avec un sommet bien plus aigu, &e.

2. L’ Ancylus rivularis est distinct de notre espéce, par son ouver-

ture plus arrondie, par sa forme plus surbaissée, et surtout par son

sommet qui est comme écrasé et dont la pointe est rejetée sur le cété

droit.

3. L’ Ancylus filosus sen sépare, par son test plus élevé, et sur-

tout par les nombreuses cétes qui rayonnent en tous sens du sommet

au péristome de cette coquille, &c.

4. L’ Ancylus radiatilis, par son ouverture plus arrondie, et ses

nombreuses radiations qui ornent son test, &c.

5. L’ Ancylus fuscus, par sa plus grande taille, par sa couleur, par

son épiderme qui dépasse son péristome, enfin par son sommet qui

est plus central, &c.

6. L’ Ancylus crassus, par son test plus éléve, par son sommet par-

faitement dans le plan de la ligne médiane, et non placé sur le cété

droit, comme dans le Baconii, &c.

7. L’ Ancylus tardus, par son accroissement antérieur qui est bien

plus convexe, par son sommet plus postérieur, et qui, de plus, est

situé dans le plan de la ligne médiane, &e.

8. L’ Ancylus obscurus, par sa taille plus grande, par sa couleur,

par sa forme plus arrondie, surtout par son sommet plus aigu et non

situé sur le cdté droit de la ligne médiane, mais bien dans le plan de

cette ligne, &c.

9. L’ Ancylus calcarius, par son test plus grand, par sa croissance

rectiligne, et surtout par son sommet bien plus postérieur, &c.

10. L’Ancylus Haldemanii, par sa coquille moins conique, plus

grande, par sa couleur plus foncée, &e.

ll. L’ Ancylus parallelus, par son test bien plus allongé, par sa

taille plus considérable, par son sommet moins placé a droite, &e.

12. L’ Ancylus diaphanus, par son ouverture arrondie, par son som-

met presque central, &c.

L’on pourrait encore comparer notre Ancylus Baconii a VY Ancylus

compressus de Nyst ; mais cette derniére espéce est une coquille fos-

sile de Belgique.

AncyLus Cumineianus, Bourguignat. (Pl. XXV. figs. 1-9.)

Ane. testa antice gibboso-convexa, postice concava; apice re-

curvo, contorto, ad marginem aperture lateralem dextrorsus

dejecto, ac duos anfractus prebente ; anfractibus depressionem

apicalem conveaxitate penultimi obtegentibus. Testa parum dia-

phana, levi vel striata, presertim ad aperturam; anfractibus

apicis sepissime rugoso-radiatis ; epidermide supra cornea vel

virescente, intus albida; apertura subangulato-rotundata.

Long. 6-7 mill., lat. 5-54, alt. 23-3.

Cette magnifique espéce, type des Ancyles de notre section des

Ancylastrum, habite la terre de Van-Diémen. Nous nous empressons

de la dédier au savant Mr. Cuming, en le priant de considérer cette

dédicace comme une faible marque de notre reconnaissance.

L’ Ancylus Cumingianus présente antérieurement un accroissement

convexe, tandisque postérieurement cet accroissement est concave.

Son sommet est tout-a-fait rejeté 4 droite 4 la partie postérieure du

bord marginal de l’ouverture, dont il est séparé par un sillon assez

profond, occasionné par l’evasement, en cette partie, du péristome ;_

ce sommet posséde un tour et demie 4 deux tours de spire gyrocolle ;

aussi cette disposition spirale du sommet empéche-t-elle de voir la

dépression apicale.

Cette coquille peu épaisse, est un peu diaphane et d’une couleur

cornée, tandisqu’intérieurement elle offre une teinte blanchatre uni-

forme.

Les deux premiers tours de spire de cet Ancyle sont le plus sou-

vent ornés de rugosités longitudinales, qui finissent ordinairement par

disparaitre sur le dos de la coquille pour reparaitre d’une maniére

plus sensible vers les bords marginaux de l’ouverture. Celle-ci est

arrondie antérieurement, tandisque postérieurement elle présente un

contour un peu rétreci, ce qui lui donne un aspect un peu anguleux.

L’ Ancylus Cumingianus ne peut étre confondu avec aucune autre

espéce de ce genre. L’excessive déviation de son sommet, ses tours

de spire gyrocolle, enfin le facies tout particulier que posséde son

mode de croissance et la forme de son ouverture, le sépare compléte-

ment de toutes les espéces d’ Ancyles connus jusqu’a ce jour.

L’ Ancyle de Cuming peut cependant, par la forme générale de son

test, par son sommet, surtout par la dilatation horizontale du bord

postérieur de son péristome, étre facilement comparée au Latia neri-

toides de la Nouvelle Zélande, et servir d’espéce intermédiaire entre

les genres Latia et Ancylus.

De méme, par ses tours de spire gyrocolle, ce mollusque peut étre

aisément rapproché de certaines espéces du genre Lymnea, surtout,

si on le compare a quelques Lymnées fossiles des terrains lacustres de

Crimée, qui, par la brieveté de leur spire, l’évasement considérable de

leur ouverture, la fragilité de leur test, offrent un facies analogue a

celui que l’on remarque chez cette espéce.

Cet Ancyle est done une preuve de plus pour montrer les rapports

intimes que doivent avoir entr’eux ces deux genres de mollusques flu-

viatiles, et si les profondes études anatomiques auxquelles s'est livré

Pillustre professeur, M. Moquin-Tandon, sur l’anatomie des espéces

de ces deux genres, lui a démontré que. sous le rapport de lorgani-

sation intérieur de ces animaux, il y avait entr’eux de nombreuses

identités ; la constatation des caractéres de cet Ancyle nouveau vient

confirmer l’opinion de ce célébre naturaliste, en montrant que sous le

rapport de la coquille, les mollusques des genres Ancylus et Lymnaea

se tiennent de bien prés.

Ancyxus DrovetiAnus, Bourguignat. (Pl. XXV. figs. 10-17.)

Ane. testa antice paululum convewa, postice recta; apice mi-

nutissimo, acutissimo, coarctato, recurvo, adpresso, mediano,

postico, sepissime decollato; depressione apicali inconspicuo.

Testa depressa, levissima, nitente, diaphana, paululum ra-

diato-undulata, presertim ad aperturam ; epidermide cornea ;

apertura ovato-rotundata ; peristomate undulato.

Long. 6 mill., lat. 5, alt. 2-25.

Nous ne connaissons pas l’habitat exact de ce mollusque; mais,

d’aprés la forme, l’apparence de cette espéce, cet Ancyle doit pro-

venir de quelques provinces de l’Amérique du Nord. Nous le dé-

dions 4 notre ami, Henri Drouét, de Troyes.

Coquille antérieurement un peu convexe, postérieurement recti-

ligne. Son sommet est trés-petit, aigu, rétrecis sur ses cdtés, re-

courbé sur lui-méme et accolé a la paroi postérieure du test ; sans

cette position toute particuliére il ne pourrait résister au moindre

choc. Malgré tout, il est trés-souvent fracturé. La dépression api-

cale est invisible, vu le repli du sommet sur lui-méme. ;

Cette coquille est trés-lisse, trés-brillante, transparente, et de cou-

leur cornée, elle présente une surface qui du sommet aux bords mar-

ginaux de l’ouverture se divise en une quinzaine de plans ou méplats

triangulaires assez grands, qui vont en s’agrandissant au fur et & me-

sure qu’ils s’approchent du péristome. Lorsque l’aréte, qui sépare

deux de ces plans ou méplats, vient aboutir au péristome, celui-ci

éprouve une petite dépression, ce qui lui donne une apparence un

peu ondulée.

Cette singulitre espéce appartient par l’ensemble de ses caractéres

au groupe des Ancylus crassus, radiatilis, rivularis, &e. Mais on

la distinguera toujours 4 son test divisé en une foule de plans trian-

gulaires, et surtout a son péristome ondulé.

On séparera également 1 Ancyle de Drouét des Ancylus riparius

et vitraceus, dont le test est aussi composé d’une multitude de mé-

plats trigonals, en ce que ces espéces offrent un sommet et un mode

d’accroissement tout différent.

Chez ces deux espéces, la dépression apicale est trés-visible, tan-

disque chez notre Ancyle elle est presque imperceptible.

Ancy us SauLcyanvus, Bourguignat. (Pl. X XV. fig. 26-33.) Ane.

testa antice convexa, postice paululum concava ; apice parvulo,

postico, sat obtuso, dextrorsus dejecto, sepe decorticato; depres-

sione apicali rotundata, in verticis extremitate sita. Testa

parva, fragili, cornea, concentrice striatula, ac argutissime ra-

diatula, presertim ad aperturam ; apertura ovata.

Long. 4—44 mill., lat. 3, alt. 2.

Cet Ancyle habite les petits ruisseaux des environs de Porto-

Cabello, dans le Vénézuela (collection Cuming). Nous le dédions A

notre ami Félicien de Sauley.

Cette espéce offre antérieurement une croissance convexe, tandisque

postérieurement cette croissance prend une forme un peu concave.

Son sommet est petit, assez obtus, et fortement rejeté sur le cété

droit. La dépression apicale est arrondie et placée 4 l’extremité de la

pointe du sommet.

Le test de l dneylus Sauleyanus est dune taille petite, fragile,

dune couleur cornée, et présente des stries d’accroissement assez

bien marquées. Lorsqu’on l’examime au microscope, il parait, de

plus, radié avec la plus grande délicatesse. Son ouverture est ovale.

L’ Aneyle de Sauley ne peut étre confondu qu’avec les espéces

suivantes: Ancylus Raymondii, Petitianus, obliquus, Charpentieria-

nus, rroratus.

On distinguera—1. l Ancylus Raymondii, de notre Ancylus Saul-

eyanus, par sa taille plus considérable, par son sommet plus aigu,

moins rejeté sur le cdté droit, enfin par sa dépression apicale qui au

lieu d’étre placée 4 Pextremité du sommet comme dans le Sauleyanus,

se trouve au-contraire située un peu au dessus et du cété gauche.

2. P Ancylus Petitianus, par son test bien plus grand, par sa taille

plus élevée, surtout par son sommet qui est tellement rejeté 4 droite,

que la pointe dépasse le plan du bord marginal du péristome, carac-

tére que l’on ne retrouve point dans le Saulcyanus.

3. P Ancylus obliquus, par sa coquille plus grande, par son sommet

plus aigu, plus élevé, moins rejeté 4 droite, par sa croissance anté-

rieure bien plus convexe, &c.

4. Y Ancylus Charpentierianus, par sa forme plus déprimée, par

son sommet plus aigu, par sa dépression apicale placée toute diffé-

remment, par son ouverture qui présente postérieurement un angle

assez prononcé, surtout par son mode de croissance qui est tout autre

que celui du Sauleyanus.

5. P Aneylus irroratus, par son sommet plus obtus, moins rejeté a

droite, enfin par son test constamment maculé de petits points noirs.

EXPLICATION DE LA PLANCHE.

Pu. XXV.

Fig. 1, 2,3,4. Aneylus Cumingianus :—grossi.

Fig. 5. Sommet de cet Ancyle:—considérablement grossi.

Fig. 6, 7,8,9. dnecylus Cumingianus :—de grandeur naturelle.

Fig. 10, 11, 12, 13. Aneylus Drouétianus :—grossi.

Fig. 14, 15, 16, 17. Id. :—de grandeur naturelle.

Fig. 18, 19, 20, 21. Ancylus Baconii:—grossi.

Fig. 22, 23, 24, 25. Id.:—de grandeur naturelle.

Fig. 26, 27, 28, 29. Anecylus Saulcyanus :—de grandeur naturelle.

Fig. 30, 31, 32, 33. Id. :—grossi.

3. On THE SYNONYMS OF JOHNSTONELLA CATHARINA, GOSSE.

By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

Mr. Gosse, in his amusing and interesting work on the coast of

Devonshire, describes as new to science an animal under the above

name. I am sorry,—as I should much wish for the above name to

have been permanent,—to have to observe that it appears to belong

to the same genus as the animal described by Eschscholtz in the ‘Isis’

(1825), p. 736. t. 5. f.5, under the name of Tomopteris onisciformis

from the South Seas ; and by MM. Quoy and Gaimard in the ‘Voyage

of the Astrolabe,’ ii. p. 284. t. 21. f. 21, 24, under the name of Bria-

rea Scolopendra from the coast of Spain. Hermannsen has pro-

posed to change the latter name to Briarea: Harry Goodsir calls it

Briareus: and Mr. R. Ball writes it Bryarea. Eschscholtz and Quoy

and Gaimard regard it as a mollusk ; the former author referring it

to the order Heteropoda, and the latter to the Nudibranchiata.

Mr. Harry Goodsir, who found the animal abundant in the North

Sea (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1845, xvi. 163), observing the pre-

sence of “cilia fringing the bifurcated posteriors of the lateral extre-

mity of its body,” decided that it could not be a mollusk.

Menke (Zeitsch. fiir Malac. 1844, 21) proposes to remove the genus

to the Annelides; more recent authors have considered it as a Crus-

tacean.

Mr. Gosse at first sight thought it might be a Branchiopod Crus-

tacean, but thinks it has more affinity to the Annelides (p. 348), and

refers it to that class in the Systematic Index.

According to Eschscholtz and Quoy and Gaimard, the South Sea

specimens are very much smaller than those found in the Mediterra-

nean: thus, Tomopteris onisciformis and T. Scolopendra are most

probably distinct species. Mr. Gosse’s Johnstonella Catharina is, no

doubt, a synonym of the latter, since Mr. R. Ball records that Brya-

rea Scolopendra has been taken in Dublin Bay by Dr. Corrigan

(Proc. Brit. Assoc. 1849, p. 72).

The genus Johnstonella of Gosse, is therefore synonymous with

Tomopterus, Eschsch. Isis, 1825.

Tomopteris, Menke, 1844.

Briarea, Quoy & Gaim. 1829.

Briarea, Herm.

Briareus, Goodsir, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1845.

4. Descriptions oF New Species oF SEMELE, RHIZOCHILUS,

PLotiA AND TIARA IN THE CUMINGIAN COLLECTION.

By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., evc., ETC.

1. Semete Jovis, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-oblonga, subventri-

cosa, rosea, umbonibus rubris, albo radiatis, concentrice lamellata,

lamellis striatis, equalibus, equidistantibus, interstitiis longitudina-

liter striatis ; latere antico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore,

flexuoso, subtruncato ; intus rosea.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

2. SemeLe Grouneri, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-oblonga, crassa,

convexiuscula, albida, roseo radiata et maculis roseis varie picta ;

latere antico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore rotundato ad

marginem ventralem flexuoso ; concentrice plicata, plicis crassis,

sulcosis, interstitiis lineis elevatis, longitudinalibus concinne orna-

tis ; intus alba.

Hab. 2 Mus. Gruner.

3. SemeLe Juxest, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, compressi-

uscula, albida, concentrice lamellosa, lamellis incrassatis, elegan-

terque crenulutis, ad latera productis, interstitiis elevatim stria-

tis ; latere antico rotundato, postico angulato, ad marginem ven-

tralem flecuoso ; intus lutea.

Hab. Torres Straits (Mr. Jukes). Mus. Cuming.

4. Sremece sponsa, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, subventricosa,

solida, alba, equilaterali, concentrice lamellata, lamellis trans-

versis, equalibus, equidistantibus, tenuibus, marginibus exquisite

crenulatis, interstitiis creberrime striatis ; latere antico rotun-

dato, postico subangulato, ad marginem ventralem flexuoso ; intus

alba.

Hab. Boljoon Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

5. Semexe Srnensis, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, equilate-

rali, compressiuscula, albida, epidermide subfusca obtecta, longi-

tudinaliter radiatim costellata, costellis longitudinaliter sulcatis,

lineis transversis, concentricis, filiformibus decussata ; umbonibus

rosaceis, levissimis ; latere antico rotundato, postico nudo, nec

costellato, viz truncato, ad marginem ventralem subflexuoso ;

intus albida.

Hab. China.

6. SemeLe amazna, A. Adams. S. testa oblonga, ovali, subven-

tricosa, tenella, albida, concentrice corrugatim striata, radiatim

tenue striata, striis confertis; latere antico rotundato, postico

breviore, subfleruoso ; intus alba.

Hab. 2

7. SEMELE LUTEOLA, A. Adams. S. testa suborbiculari, subequila-

terali, ventricosa, lutescente, tenuissime concentrice corrugatim

striata, striis elevatis subinterruptis ; interstitiis lineis elevatis

longitudinalibus ornatis ; radiatim striata, striis postice evanidis ;

latere antico rotundato, postico ad marginem ventralem vier

flexuoso ; intus lutea.

Hab. ?

8. SemeLe mopesta, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculato-trigonali,

compressa, crassa, e@quilaterali, sordide alba, roseo obsolete

radiatim fasciata, umbonibus luteolis ; antice rotundata, postice

vix fleruosa, concentrice plicata, plicis crassis, subdistantibus,

equalibus, interstitiis elevatim striatis ; intus albo-lutescente,

margine roseo radiato.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

9. SEMELE sucuNDA, A. Adams. S. testa oblongo-ovali, sub-

equilaterali, sordide alba, rufo purpureoque sparsim maculata,

concentrice lamellosa, lamellis crassis, equidistantibus, valde

striatis, interstitiis lineis elevatis longitudinalibus ornatis ; latere

antico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore, ad marginem ventra-

lem viz flecuoso ; intus albida, rufo purpureoque maculata.

Hab. Singapore. Mus. Cuming.

10. Semexe vestauis, A. Adams. S. testa suborbiculari, sub-

equilaterali, subventricosa, alba, lamellis transversis subconfertis

eleganterque plicatis, marginibus crenulatis, interstitiis lineis ele-

vatis, longitudinalibus ornatis; latere antico rotundato vie longiore,

postico subtruncato, ad marginem ventralem valde flecuoso ; intus

alba.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

1]. Semeve venusta, A. Adams. _ S. testa oblonga, transversa,

ventricosa, nitidiuscula, concentrice sulcata, sordide carnicolore,

roseo obscure radiata ; umbonibus rubiginosis ; latere antico lon-

giore, rotundato, postico breviore, truncato, ad marginem ven-

tralem fleruoso ; intus purpurascente, albo limbata.

Hab. West Columbia. Mus. Cuming.

12. SemeLe tera, A. Adams. S. testa transversa, oblongo-

ovali, compressiuscula, nitida, sublevi, albida, purpureo nebulosa

et punctata, umbonibus levibus albis ; transversim sulcata, lineis

transversis obliquis decussata, radiatim striata; latere antico

longiore, rotundato, postico breviore rotundato, vix fleruoso ; intus

purpureo-variegata.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

13. SEMELE vireingeA, A. Adams. S. testa oblongo-ovali, trans-

versa, subventricosa, alba, tenella, subpellucida, concentrice plicata,

plicis tenuissimis, vix elevatis, interstitiis longitudinaliter creber-

rime striatis; latere antico sublongiore, rotundato, postico vir

breviore, angulato, subfleruoso.

Hab. Basay, Isle of Samaar. (H.C.). Mus. Cuming.

14. Semete Caxirornica, A. Adams. S. testa oblongo-ovali,

subequilaterali, sordide pallide fusca, radiatim striata; transver-

sim sulcata, liris elevatis, subcorrugatis, ornata, interstitiis cre-

berrime longitudinaliter striatis ; latere antico rotundato, postico

subtruncato, valde fleruoso ; intus lutescente, margine luteo.

Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming.

15. Semeve casta, A. Adams. _ S. testa oblongo-ovali, transversa,

inequilaterali, alba, apicibus luteis, radiatim striata, concentrice

transversim lamellosa, lamellis tenuibus, plicatis, marginibus pul-

cherrime crenulatis, ad latera prominentioribus ; latere antico lon-

giore, postico breviore, rotundato; intus alba, in medio lutes-

cente.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia (Mr. Strange).

16. Seme.xe compta, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, compressa,

aquilaterali, albida, luteo-fusco obscure radiata, sublevi, lineis

transversis et longitudinalibus decussata ; latere antico rotundato,

postico subangulato ; intus alba, medio lutescente.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

17. Semee amasiuis, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-oblonga, com-

pressa, alba, transversim concentrice lamellosa, lamellis elevatis,

tenuibus, plicatis, marginibusque crenulatis, ad latera productis,

interstitiis corrugatim striolatis ; latere antico vie longiore, ro-

tundato, postico rotundato flexuoso ; intus alba.

Hab. Port Curtis, Australia. Mus. Cuming.

18. Semete Martini, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-trigonali,

crassa, convexiuscula, pallida, carnicolori radiatim picta ; plicis

concentricis, crassis, irregularibus, sepe dichotomis aut confluen-

tibus, ornata, plicis postice validioribus et flecuosis ; latere an-

tico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore, valde flexuoso et sub-

truncato ; intus albo-lutescente.

Hab. Rio.

This species is named after Captain Adolphe Martin, an assiduous

collector and conchologist, who dredged it off Rio, in rather deep

water.

19. SemELE pecora, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, subequi-

laterali, compressiuscula, crassa, alba, costellis radiantibus et

liris transversis concentricis reticulata; Jatere antico longiore,

rotundato, postico subtruncato, valde flexuoso ; intus alba.

Hab. 2

20. SEMELE PULCHELLA, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, com-

pressiuscula, albida, umbonibus roseis, albo radiatis ; liris viz ele-

vatis, transversis, concentricis, stritsque longitudinalibus, radian-

tibus ornata; latere antico rotundato, postico rotundato, flexuoso ;

intus rosea, margine ventrali intus albo.

Hab. 2

21. MacGiLuivRayIA STRAMINEA, A. Adams. WM. testa turbi-

nata, semipellucida, cornea, straminea, imperforata, nitidiuscula ;

anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura ovali,

antice subangulata; labio callo tenui, expanso obtecto; columella

antice subflecuosa, non spinosa; labro acuto, simplice.

fTab. Western Ocean. Mus. Cuming.

22. CominEeLLA croceA, A. Adams. C. testa bucciniformi, sub-

perforata, crocea, spira producta, anfractibus quingque, superne

concavis, cingulis transversis, elevatis, subnodosis, equalibus, ro-

tundatis ornatis; interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura

ovali, antice subcanaliculata ; labio subplanulato, exarato.

Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

23, Rapana (Ru1zocuiius) craTuHrata, A. Adams. R. testa

ventricosa, imperforata, subpellucida, alba, anfractibus 3}, con-

No. CCLIV.—Procrrpineés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

vevis, superne subplanulatis, costellis transversis et longitudina-

libus valde clathratis ; apertura ampla, ovali, antice in canali

brevi, obliquo desinente ; columella levi, subplanulata ; labro mar-

gine crenulato.

Hab. Philippines (H. C.). Mus. Cuming.

24. Rapana (RuIzocHILus) CoRALLIOPHILA, A. Adams. &.

testa turbinata, subtrigonali, alba, umbilicata, anfractibus superne

planulatis, in medio nodoso-plicatis, ad suturas corrugatis, trans-

versim liratis, liris in anfractuum medio prominentioribus, squamu-

losis, asperrimis ; apertura ovato-trigonali, antice producta, acu-

minata, canaliculata ; regione umbilicali callo scabro circum-

cincta.

Hab. Isle of Ticao, on the reefs at low water (H. C.).

25. Rapana (RHIZOCHILUS) PULCHELLA, A. Adams. R. testa

turbinato-pyriformi, umbilicata, roseo-tincta; spira brevi, apice

albido ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo ventricoso, suturis impressis,

longitudinaliter corrugato-plicatis, transversim liratis, lira unica

in medio anfructuum prominentiore ; apertura ovato-trigonali,

antice canaliculata, canali sinistrorsum verso.

Hab. Philippines (H. C.). Mus. Cuming.

26. Rapana (RuizocuiLus) sururatis, A. Adams. R. festa

turbinato-ovali, umbilicata, alba; anfractibus sex, subplanulatis,

in medio subangulatis, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatis, transver-

sim liris elevatis, rugosis, squamulosis ornatis ; suturis valde im-

pressis; apertura trigonali-ovata, antice subcanaliculata; labio

acuto ; labro margine irregulari.

Hab. Bulusan, province of Albay, island of Luzon (H. C.).

27. Rapana (Rurzocuitus) scata, A. Adams. R. testa sca-

lariformi, vie perforata, alba; spira elevata, anfractibus sex,

superne planulatis, in medio (supremis) nodoso-plicatis, trans-

versim liratis, liris elevatis, acutis, inequalibus ; interstitiis sub-

clathratis ; apertura ovato-trigonali, antice canaliculata; colu-

mella plana, exarata.

Hab. Juan Fernandez (H. C.). Mus. Cuming.

28. Rapana (Ruizocuiius) rRaGitis, A. Adams. R. testa

turbinato-fusiformi, umbilicata, alba, tenui, semipellucida, spira

aperturam vie equante ; anfractibus quatuor, convewxiusculis, lon-

gitudinaliter subplicatis, transversim liratis, liris squamuligeris,

in anfractu ultimo validioribus ; apertura ovali, antice angulata,

subcanaliculata ; labio acuto ; labro producto, irregulari.

Hab. Philippines (7. C.). Mus. Cuming.

29. Rapana (Larraxts) Noposa, A. Adams. R. testa subpyri-

formi, umbilicata, crocea, spira acuminata, aperturam e@equante ;

anfractibus sex, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatis, liris transversis,

squamigeris, subequalibus ornatis ; apertura ovali, antice cana-

liculata, canali retrorsum curvato, regione umbilicali carina

squamulosa circumcincta.

Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

30. Rapana (Latiaxis) Forruni, A. Adams. R. testa pyri-

formi, spira aperturam equante, late umbilicata, carneola; an-

Sractibus sex, subimbricatis, superne planulatis, in medio sub-

angulatis, costellis transversis, equalibus, rotundatis, concinne

imbricatim squamulosis ornatis, interstitiis lutescentibus, niti-

dis ; apertura semiovali; labro intus sulcato; canali producto,

dextrorsum curvato ; regione umbilicali carina squamosa circum-

cincta.

Hab. China (Mr. Fortune). Mus. Cuming.

31. Mevanta (Piotia) mrririca, A. Adams. M. testa turrita,

crassa, olivacea, transversim striata, fasciis fuscis, transversis,

interruptis ornata, spira acuminata ; anfractibus octo, planulatis,

supremis longitudinaliter costatis, costis postice angulato-spinosis,

ultimo et penultimo simplicibus ; apertura oblongo-ovata, antice

viv effusa; labro postice sinuato.

Hab. New Ireland. Mus. Cuming.

32. Mevantia (PiotiA) orrentTAtis, A. Adams. WM. testa ob-

longo-turrita, epidermide nigerrima obtecta; spira acuminata ;

anfractibus septem, superne angulatis et valde plicato-spinosis ;

apertura oblongo-ovata, dimidium spire vix e@quante ; columella

antice plana, subreflexa.

Hab. Eastern Archipelago. Mus. Cuming.

33. Mexania (Trara) speciosa, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-

oblonga, transversim striata, epidermide fusca, villosa obtecta,

spira plana truncata; anfractibus planulatis, ad angulum spinis

coronatis ; apertura ovato-oblonga; columella antice subreflexa ;

labro antice subproducto.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

July 26, 1853.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Dr. Crisp exhibited the splenic vein of the Giraffe (which died last

year at the Gardens), for the purpose of showing the valves. These,

Dr. Crisp said, he had found in the splenic veins of many animals, and

he believed they had never before been described, and that their me-

chanism tended to throw some light upon the function of the spleen.

Dr. Crisp also exhibited a drawing of the microscopical appear-

ance of the cast-skin of the Toad (Bufo vulgaris). It consists of a

beautiful network of hexagonal cells, with central nuclei.

100

The following papers were read :—

1. OpsERVATIONS ON THE Nests or Hummine Birps.

By Joun Goutp, F.R.S. etc.

Mr. Gould exhibited a collection of nests of Humming Birds, ex-

emplifying the habitual characteristic structures of several genera.

The first group to which his remarks were directed were the Hermit

birds (Phaéthornis), which invariably build at the extremity of leaves,

perhaps from the protection which that situation affords against the

attacks of monkeys and other predatory animals. Oreotrochilus builds

a beautiful nest, attached to the sides of rocks. Heliomaster meso-

leucus makes a nest in a beautiful species of moss, depending from

the trees. Most of the nests are cup-shaped, some being placed in

forks, some on branches, some on leaves, some in ferns; they are

shallow and delicately formed, ornamented in the most varied man-

ner with feathers, or with festoons of moss and lichen, especially in

the genus Hylocharis. The attachment of the lichen and other orna-

ments is effected by means of fine cobwebs.

The differences in the eggs of Humming Birds are not very ob-

servable ; they are invariably two in number, white and oblong, with

one supposed exception,—namely, that of a species inhabiting the

Upper Amazon, which, according to Mr. Edwards, lays a spotted egg.

But the differences of structure in the nests sufficiently corroborate

the generic divisions into which these birds have been separated by

modern ornithologists.

Most of the nests exhibited were from the collection of Mr. Reeves

of Rio, who presented them to Mr. Gould in the most liberal man-

ner, with a view to assisting him in the completion of his monograph

of this family.

2. DescripTION or A New Species oF Sorex, From INDIA.

By R. TEMPLETON.

SorEx? PURPURASCENS, 0. sp.

Dark slate-coloured, with a tinge of purple; snout beneath and

lower lip brownish, with a mesial groove above, running back half

the distance to the eyes; front covered with black hairs having white

tips, and gradually increasing in length as they extend backwards to

the eyes, and arched a little forwards; eyes small and very black ;

ears nearly naked and slaty brown ; belly slaty grey ; legs slaty brown,

thinly covered with short greyish hairs, which project in a little tuft

over each claw, beneath naked; the toes with eight or nine trans-

verse wrinkles ; tail about two-thirds as long as the body, covered

with short bristly hairs, and appearing beyond the middle somewhat

grey from white annular wrinkles; furnished for about two-thirds of

its length with long black bristly hairs.

Length of body, 23 inches; tail, 13.

101

3. ON soME STAPHYLINIDZ, FOUND IN THE NESTS OF

Termites. By M. ScuiopTE.

It has long been known that some species of ants keep insects be-

longing to different orders. The intention of the communication I

am going to make is to point out that the same extraordinary phe-

nomenon exists among the Termites.

The insects which I have now the honour to bring under the

notice of the Society, dwell amongst a certain species of Termites in

the Brazils, and were collected, together with the Termes, by Mr.

Reinhardt, whilst travelling for the Royal Museum of Natural History

in Copenhagen through the province Minas Geraés.

This Termes belongs to a peculiar little group of small species, the

nests of which are built around branches of trees, and contain in their

interior only a labyrinth of uniform passages, without any separate

cell for the queen. The soldiers are not much larger than the work-

ing individuals, and are nearly as numerous ; their head has its great-

est dimension in the height ; the front extends below in a large horn ;

the mandibles are not elongated, but exceedingly broad, and have a

crenulated edge and a considerable horn on their outside.

From physiological as well as from anatomical reasons I am of

opinion, that the constitutional state of the society of Termites is

established on the same fundamental laws as the societies amongst

the Hymenoptera. Several species of ants have also soldiers. The

working Termites are quite different from the larvee. In the species

here mentioned they may be distinguished by the form of the instru-

menta cibaria, especially by the two teeth at the end of the interior

lobe of the maxillze, which are separated by a pointed incision in the

working individuals, but in the larvee by a rounded one.

The strangers or guests of Termites known to me are Staphyli-

nide, belonging to the group of Aleocharini; they constitute two

new genera. They agree with Lomechusa and Dinarda, in having a

corneous hook on the end of the interior lobe of their maxille, but

in other respects they present characters in the construction of the

parts of the mouth and of the tarsi, which strikingly separate them

from all other genera of that group. The abdomen is constructed in

a most extraordinary manner, being membranaceous, of an enormous

size, bent upwards so as to cover the thorax, and fixed in this po-

sition by the dorsal faces of the second and third segments having

grown together.

Of one of the genera, which I have named Corotoca, two species

are known to me (Corotoca Melantho and C. Phylo) ; they are about

3 millim. in length from the front to the end of the second segment

of the abdomen. Of the first of these I have observed both sexes.

The male is a little smaller than the female, but otherwise only to be

distinguished by the dissection of the organs of generation.

Of the other genus, named by me Spirachtha, the male is still un-

known to me. The abdomen is furnished with three pairs of appen-

dages, which are elongate, cylindrical, 2-jointed, membranaceous, and

moveable by muscles at the base. These appendages are perhaps in-

102

tended for the same purpose as the tufts of hairs on the abdomen of

the genus Claviger, which are known to be sucked by the ants; even

in Lomechusa there are similar hairy appendages on the sides of the

abdomen. Of this genus only one species is known to me (Spi-

rachtha Eurymedusa), of about 2 millim. in length, from the front

to the end of the second segment of the abdomen.

In the abdomen of both genera I have found eggs in different

stages of development, in Corotoca even eggs with fully developed

larvee ; so that, beyond doubt, these animals are viviparous.

If the Strepsiptera are to be considered as belonging to the order

Coleoptera, an opinion which I endeavoured to prove as early as the

year 1840*, this will be the second instance of viviparous Coleoptera.

Fam. STAPHYLINI.

Trib. ALEOCHARINI.

Genus Cororoca.

Mazilla mala interiori cornea, uncinata. Palpi mazillares 4-arti-

culati. Ligula lata, rotundata, paraglossis obsoletis. Palpi

labiales 3-articulati. Tarsi 4-articulati, posteriores articulo

primo valde elongato. Abdomen membranaceum, fractum ;

parte posteriori fixa, maxima, globosa, dorso anteriori animalis

superposita. (Képn, zixrw.)

1. Corotoca Mrtantuo. fusca, fronte foveolata, pronoto

multifoveolato, disco bituberculato; tibiis posterioribus fusi-

Sormibus, fuscis ; scutis ventralibus segmenti quarti quintique

transversis.—Mas., Fem.

Long. a fronte ad apicem segmenti secundi abdominis 23-3 mill.

2. Cororoca Puyto. Fusca, vertice foveolato, pronoto multi-

Joveolato, disco trituberculato ; tibiis posterioribus linearibus,

nigrofuscis ; scutis ventralibus segmenti quarti quintique sub-

quadratis.-—Fem.

Long. a fronte ad apicem segmenti secundi abdominis 2}—32} mill.

Genus SprRACHTHA.

Mazwille mala interiori cornea, uncinata. Palpi mazillares 3-arti-

culati. Ligula ampla, rotundata, paraglossis obsoletis. Palpi

labiales 3-articulati, minutissimi, verruciformes, ligula super-

tectit. Tarsi 4-articulati, posteriores articulo primo subelon-

gato. Abdomen membranaceum, maximum, fractum; parte

anteriori articuli secundi globosa ; parte posteriori fiva, conica,

anterius ascendente, tribusque utrinque munita appendicibus

membranaceis, filiformibus, biarticulatis. (XrepaxOijs.)

SprracutHa EuryMepusa. Albissima, membranacea; antennis,

capite, scutis thoracicis et abdominalibus pedibusque corneo-

* See the introduction to ‘ Danmark’s Eleutherata,’ p. 21, note.

103

membraneis, pallide fuscis, coxis, femorum basi, trochanteribus

posticis tibiisque fuscis, oculis fusco-nigris.—Fem.

Long. a fronte ad apicem segmenti secundi abdominis 2 mill. ; lat.

segmenti secundi abdominis | mill.

This paper will be printed in full, illustrated with plates from the

author’s drawings, in the Transactions of the Society.

4. On THE Capture or Devpainus Orca in SoutH GReEEN-

LAND. By M. Reniiitter. ComMuUNICATED By SiR WAL-

TER TREVELYAN.

This note contained a description of a method of capturing these

animals with a net, which had proved so successful, that the number

taken in Westmanhavn alone since 1843, when the net was first used,

amounted to 2200, whereas between 1819 and 1843, 280 only had

been secured. As each animal is considered to average thirty gal-

lons of oil, this branch of industry has produced upwards of £4000

sterling to the inhabitants of Westmanhavn within the last ten years.

The meeting was then adjourned to Tuesday, November 8th.

November 8, 1853.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair,

The following papers were read :-—

1. On toe ANATOMY OF THE WALRUS.

By Proressor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. ere.

Professor Owen communicated the chiet’ results of his dissection

of the Walrus (Trichecus rosmarus) which died at the Gardens of

the Zoological Society, October 1853. The author prefaced his ana-

tomical description by some remarks on the physiognomy, attitudes

and movements of the living animal; and more especially dwelt on

the superior strength of its fin-shaped limbs, as compared with the

ordinary Seals, the Walrus being able, when it moves on dry land, to

raise its trunk from the ground—in other words, to walk—a mode of

progression which strikingly contrasts with the awkward shuffle of

the Seal, as it trails its belly on the earth, aiding its fore fins with

the action of its powerful abdominal muscles. Both the bones and

muscles of the fins of the Walrus are more powerfully developed than

in the Seal, and this, the author concluded, had reference to its

natural habitat among bergs and floes of ice, and the necessity of

clambering among and over their rough, irregular surfaces. The

sex of the animal dissected was female; the mammee were four in

104

number, two abdominal and two inguinal. There was no trace of ex-

ternal ears. The eye is defended by a circular external eyelid, and

by a broad thin membrana nictitans ; there is a small Harderian, or

inner lacrymal gland, but no true lacrymal gland, punetum lacry-

male, nor ductus ad nasum. The subcutaneous cellular tissue was

very coarse, tough and elastic, almost granular to the touch, and re-

sembling a corpus cavernosum. The disposition of the peritoneum

and of the viscera of the abdomen was minutely described, and it was

remarked that the odour of the visceral cavities and parts in this

Walrus resembled more that of ordinary land quadrupeds than the

peculiar odour noticed in the dissection of Seals ; but the flesh of the

Walrus was dark coloured, as in the Seal tribe: the young animal

dissected, had been fed, since its captivity, on oatmeal, milk, and

water. The stomach had the form of an elongated siphon closely

bent upon itself. The liver was divided into seven lobes. There

was a large gall-bladder. The intestines in this young animal, which

did not exceed four feet in length, were seventy-five feet long, the

great intestine being only one foot in length, and the cecum colt

one inch and a half. The kidneys were very complex, each being

made up of about 400 small kidneys or renules, and each of these

showing the normal structure of a simple kidney, such as is found in

the dog or lion, viz. with the cortical and medullary part, the pelvis,

mammilla and ureter. In the description of the viscera of the chest,

the large thymus gland was noticed, and the notched or serrated cha-

racter of the anterior margin of the lungs. The foramen ovale and

ductus arteriosus were both obliterated.

The following is the description of the heart of the Walrus :—

The blood is returned into the right auricle by a large precaval and

postcaval vein, and by the coronary vein, which terminates close to

the latter: there is a small semilunar valve at the coronary orifice,

but no eustachian valve. A broad crescentic fold, looking down-

wards, divides the sinus or fossa receiving the precaval vein, from

the larger and deeper one receiving the postcaval vein: this fold

answers to the upper border of the ‘ fossa ovalis’ in the human heart ;

there is no orifice in the ‘fossa’ communicating with the left auricle.

The appendix of the auricle extends in front of the base of the aorta

as far as the pulmonary artery ; it gradually contracts to an obtuse

point: in the Cystophora proboscidea the auricular appendix is short,

broad and bifid; in both it is occupied by a reticular arrangement of

carneee columne. The ventricles are broader in proportion to their

length, and the apex is not produced, as in the Cystophora probosci-

dea: the carneze columnee of the anterior division of the tricuspid

valve, and a few of those of the right or external division, are attached

to a short and thick fleshy column from the free wall of the ventricle;

this column is connected by a short and thick ‘trabecula’ with the

septum: most of the other tendinous chords are attached to the sep-

tum; and a few to trabeculee connecting that fixed wall with the free

wall of the ventricle. The pulmonary artery presents no peculiarity ;

it is connected by the ligamentous remnant of the ‘ductus arteriosus,’

which is 10 lines long and 5 lines in diameter, to the under part of

the aortic arch, just beyond the origin of the left subclavian; its

105

cavity is obliterated, but a short, thick, semilunar fold of the lining

membrane of the aorta, with its concavity twmed towards the end of

the arch, indicates the place of the former foetal communicating chan-

nel. The left auricle and ventricle offer no peculiarities. The coats

of the aortic arch are thickest near the origins of the great vessels

sent to the head and fore-limbs, especially at the lower part of the

arch, where they are 3 lines thick. The right subclavian and carotid

arise close together, but scarcely from a common trunk: the left

carotid and left subclavian have more obviously separate origins. The

aorta suddenly diminishes beyond those primary branches, where it

is connected with the consolidated and contracted ‘ ductus arteriosus.’

There is no arrangement, even in the very young Walrus here de-

scribed, for accommodating the animal to its aquatic habits, by any

direct intercommunication between the right and left sides of the

heart. The hepatic veins, in their dilatations, resemble those of the

ordinary Seals.

The brain weighed 1 lb. 9 oz. avoir.; its convolutions and struc-

ture were described. The hip-joint was found to be devoid of the

ligamentum teres. Drawings were exhibited of the viscera of the

thorax and abdomen, and the Memoir was terminated by a minute

account of the dentition, and a disquisition on the homologies of the

teeth of the Walrus, as elucidated by the state of the dentition im the

young animal dissected.

Professor Owen detected the following minute teeth exposed or

buried in the gum, and adhering to the gum and periosteum of the

jaws :—two denticles in each premaxillary bone; two denticles in

each maxillary bone ; together with a deciduous canine, and four den-

ticles in each ramus of the mandible. He gave the following as the

formula of the deciduous dentition of the Walrus :—

- 2—2 1 2—2

army) C y-? m == 18.

Of the permanent series, the canine tusks had pushed through the

gum, aud on laying open the substance of the jaws, the following

teeth were found in course of formation :—in the premaxillary, the

successor of the second minute incisor; in the maxillary, the succes-

sors of the two deciduous molars, together with a third molar. In

the lower jaw the successor of the second deciduous incisor, the suc-

cessors of the two deciduous molars, and a third similar permanent

molar. The germ of the permanent tusk, confined to the upper

jaw, was 2 inches in length, and, like the germs of the smaller per-

manent teeth, its base was widely open, and contained a large forma-

tive pulp.

In addition to the upper canine tusks, the normal number of per-

manent and functional teeth in the Walrus is four on each side of

both jaws; these teeth are simple, short, thick and obtuse, having

the office of grinders. With respect to their nature and homologies,

Professor Owen argued that the first, from its position in the pre-

maxillary bone, was an ‘incisor’; the two following teeth, by their

position in the maxillary bone, and their relation to the deciduous

denticles, were ‘premolar’ teeth ; and he also regarded the last of

the series of four, from its minor degree of development, as belong-

106

ing rather to the same (premolar) series, than as being the first of

the true molars. As the first of the molariform permanent teeth in

the lower jaw passes in front of the permanent incisor above, when

the mouth is closed, it must be regarded as an ‘incisor’; the other

three grinders as being ‘premolars’, two being proved to be such by

displacing vertically their predecessors, and the third also appearing

to be of the same series by its state of development. The Professor

accordingly proposed the following as the formula of the normal or

functional dentition of the Walrus :—

i, cS, p= 18.

But, as might be expected in a dentition deviating so remarkably from

that of other Mammals of the same order, varieties are not unfre-

quently met with in the number of the teeth of the Walrus. Pro-

fessor Owen cited instances of such varieties in ten skulls of the

Walrus, of different ages and sex. The result of which was, that

occasionally a small tooth was found anterior to the normal series of

four, and more commonly in the upper than in the lower jaw; and

that, more rarely, a small tooth was superadded behind the normal

four, in the upper jaw, and still more rarely in the lower jaw: the

formula of the dentition of such varieties, in excess, being,—

- 2-2 1—1 3—8 196.

@ 99?) © Gan ae pemre = e

The additional anterior small incisor was due either to the reten-

tion and growth of the first deciduous denticle, or to the develop-

ment of a small successor to it. The additional posterior grinder was

due to the occasional development of a germ in the back part of the

gum or jaw. The minute milk-teeth relate, by their gubernacula, to

the development of the permanent teeth, but seem never to be put to

use themselves ; the milk-canine was buried in the gum outside the

protruded point of the permanent canine ; so that this tooth is extri-

cated and cuts the gum before the tooth of which it is the successor

makes its appearance, that tooth being probably removed by absorp-

tion. Here, therefore, was another instance, analogous to that of the

rudimental teeth in the foetal Whale, of parts developed without any

obvious office as organs of mastication, but serving to illustrate the

relation of adhesion to a more normal type of dentition. In conclu-

sion, Professor Owen remarked that the food of the Walrus consisted,

in a state of nature, of sea-weed, crustaceans and mollusks; and that

although, by the totality of its organization, it must be placed near

the Seals, and with them be classed in the order Carnivora, yet that

the incisors and premolars were alike well adapted to pound marine

plants, and to break and crush shells. Fragments of a bivalve shell,

a species of Mya, had been found with pounded sea-weed, by the

Surgeon of Parry’s Polar Expedition, in the stomach of a full-grown

Walrus. The great descending. canine tusks serve as weapons of

offence and defence, and to aid the animal in mounting and clamber-

ing over ice-blocks, bergs and floes in the Arctic Seas, in which the

Walrus has been organized to enjoy its existence.

107

2. DescriIPTION or A New SPEciEsS OF CorYNACTIS.

By Witu1AmM THoMpesoNn.

CorYNACTIS HETEROCERA.

Spec. Char.—Coriaceous ; the tentacula in each row varying in

shape, the animal but slightly mutable.

This Corynactis measures nearly an inch in diameter, and the same

in height, when in a state of expansion; when contracted it has the

shape of a button and is firm to the touch, coriaceous, and of a deli-

cate yellow colour.

The body is covered by an epidermis, which is easily detached and

slimy ; when this was rubbed off the animal was of a dirty white ;

the epidermis was replaced in a few days, when the animal recovered.

its colour ; when portions only of the epidermis are rubbed off, it has

a mottled appearance.

When closed all the tentacles are completely withdrawn.

The margin of the disk is crenated; the tentacles are placed within it.

The tentacles in the outer row are thirty-two in number ; the other

three rows have each two or three less; there are four rows in all.

The tentacles in each row differ from the others; those in the outer

row are the longest, then those of the second, third and fourth, in

the order that I have named them; the third and fourth rows having

the peduncles so short as to be nearly sessile. The shape of the ten-

tacles, as I have stated, differs much. The rows of tentacula, as also

the individual tentacles, closely approximate ; those in the outer row

diverge slightly, and, when looked at from above, bear the appear-

ance of a finely-lobed edge to the disk, the real margin being hidden

by the heads of the tentacles hanging over it. The tentacles in each

row appear to the eye short, stout and capitate; those in the first

or outer row have the head bilobed or kidney-shaped, and a round

tubercle placed below the head on the inner side ; all the tentacles are

horizontal. The tentacles of the second row are of a peculiar con-

struction, apparently uniting the capitate extremities of Corynactis

with the elongated form of Actinia; the apex is a spear-shaped pro-

cess, and this is seated on a peduncle formed by four globose bodies

placed two and two, and divided from each other by constrictions

more or less deep. In the third row the peduncles of the tentacles

are very short, thick and capitate ; the crown is round, rather oblong,

and with a constriction at half the distance from each end, giving

the crown the appearance of a figure of 8. The fourth or innermost

row is short, or shorter than those in the third ; they are in fact nearly

sessile. The heads of the tentacles in the fourth row appear occa-

sionally to vary ; sometimes being of the same shape as those in the

third row, that is, bilobed, whilst at other times they are decidedly

five-lobed. The whole of the tentacula are straight, rigid, regularly

disposed, and point slightly outwards. They slightly change their

shape at times when the animal is opening ; this however is not always

the case.

The disk within the inner row of tentacles is ample.

The mouth is formed of two crenated lips, forming a straight ori-

108

fice; at times this is drawn into the shape of a crescent. Whilst

copying this portion of my notes, my Corynactis does not appear quite

easy ; it has thrown out its lobes, covering every part of the disk,

with the exception of the crenated margin; the lobes do not rise, as

in species of Actinia, above the margin ; they are on the contrary flat

and even with it, and are firm to the touch.

The colour of the animal is a delicate yellow or buff. The disk

is of a pellucid white, streaked with fine radiating lines of a dead

white. The tentacles of the first row are pellucid white, with the

capitate extremities dead white ; the tentacles in the three remaining

rows are also pellucid white, in parts tinged faintly with a reddish

hue; the capitate extremities have a powdered white edge. The

mouth is of a darker yellow than the body.

This species does not appear to change its shape very much, thus

differing from the other known British species; the only change I

have noticed was that from a state of contraction to one of expan-

sion, from the button shape to nearly a true cylinder, of pretty equal

dimensions at both extremities, with a constriction immediately under

the crenated margin. It easily adheres by its base to any substance,

and may be said to be rather lively, often continuing for some time

constantly opening and closing.

It also throws out lobes in the manner of other Aetiniade, and

these at times completely cover the disk. If touched it instantly

contracts, but does not turn sulky, commencing immediately to re-

open, which it does very slowly, and this by exserting the tentacles

on one quarter of the disk before it begins to exsert those on the

other three quarters. The tentacles have not the motion of Aetinia

or Anthea. I dropped a piece of meat on the disk when opened ; it

remained there some little time without bemg taken into the stomach ;

after some time the animal wished to rid itself of the meat; it then

slowly bent over, and the meat rolled or floated across the tentacles

without being impeded by them. When taken this animal was per-

fectly smooth and free from all foreign substances, such as sand and

gravel.

The appearance of this Corynactis reminds me of a coronet, the

heads of the outer row of tentacles bearing a resemblance to the balls

on the edge of the coronet, and this more so than in either C. viridis

or C. Allmannii; and I should have proposed the specific name of

coronalis, did it not partly apply to the other species.

Corynactis heterocera, it will have been seen by the description,

differs very materially from the other British species, in the form of

the tentacles, the colour, the superior size, the coriaceous texture, its

general immutability of form, and in having no foreign substance

attached to the epidermis when caught, as in C. Allmannii. I have

named it heterocera in reference to its most prominent distinction

from the other species in its differently shaped tentacles.

Hab. Dredged in Weymouth Bay, in 8 fathoms of water, on a

gravelly bottom, Sept. 10, 1853.

109

November 22, 1853.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1, Descriptions or Two New Species or Hummine Birps,

From Perv. By Joun Govuxp, F.R.S.

1. SpATHURA CISSIURA.

General plumage bronzy green; wings purplish brown ; four outer

tail-feathers purplish steel black ; under surface green, paler on the

throat ; thighs thickly plumed and of a reddish buff.

Total length, 44 inches; bill, $; wing, 12; tail, 23.

Hab. Peru.

Remark.—Most nearly allied to Spathura Peruana, but differing

from that and all the other members of the genus, in having the outer

tail-feathers webbed throughout their entire length, and consequently

the spathulate tips less conspicuous.

2. CALOTHORAX MiIcRURUS, Gould.

All the upper surface mealy bronzy green; throat of a glittering

amethystine hue; under surface buff, deepest on the sides; tail

narrow, rigid and black.

Total length, 2% inches; bill, 1,9,; wing, 1,5;; tail, 4.

Hab. Peru.

Remark.—This is a very diminutive species, and differs from all

others in the extreme shortness of the tail, which is exceeded in

length by both the upper and under coverts.

2. Descriptions or Two New GENERA (PFEIFFERIA AND

JANELLA) OF Lanp Mo.uusca.

By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

Some years ago I described a new genus of Helices under the name

of Nanina, remarkable from the mantle of the animal being reflexed

and produced over the surface of the shell, as in Vitrina, but differing

from that genus in the shell being more Helicoid, and in the mantle

pot being produced in front, or forming a kind of shield over the

back of the neck; this genus has been very generally adopted, and

now contains a large number of species.

The animal of Nanina, like the Parmacelle and Helicariones, has

the hinder part of the uppermost extremity of the foot truncated and

furnished with a linear perpendicular gland with thickened lips.

Mr. Cuming, who lately supplied me with a number of animals of

shells in spirits, sent me, along with other kinds, specimens of a shell

which Dr. Pfeiffer has described under the name of Helix micans,

which at once attracted my attention, on account of the shell near

110

the peristome being covered with a thin reflexed portion of the

mantle. I at first considered it was a modification of the genus Na-

nina with a more dilated mantle, and a much more globular shell ;

but on more particular examination, I am convinced that it is the

type of a new genus, as the back of the foot is depressed and flat-

tened, and quite destitute of any appearance of a subcaudal gland.

I propose to call this genus Pfeifferia, after my excellent friend

Dr. Louis Pfeiffer, the author of the “‘ Monographia Helicum ;”’ it

may be characterized as follows :—

PYEIFFERIA.

Animal large for the size of the shell; mantle edge expanded, thin,

reflexed over the outer surface of the shell when contracted in spirits,

forming an even margin to the outer part of the peristome. Foot

moderate, depressed behind, acute at the tips, without any subcaudal

gland. Shell subglobose, imperforate, thin, brittle, white, pellucid.

Spire with small whorls, third and fourth rapidly enlarging, the last

inflated; aperture rounded, lunate. Columella slightly and regu-

larly arched. The peristome thin, straight, acute.

Mr. Cuming informs me, that when he poured boiling water on

them, to kill them, the animal, in attempting to return within

the shell, burst it, from being so much larger than the shell itself ;

he was consequently compelled to drown the animal and let it re-

main in the water until it was half putrid, by which means he was

able to procure sound shells. He tried boiling water several times,

and destroyed some hundreds of shells before resorting to the latter

means.

I may observe, that the animal in spirits does not give one the im-

pression of being so large, compared with the shell, as the above

description would imply ; but, like the Succinee, Vitrine and other

genera, these animals appear to have the faculty of absorbing a quan-

tity of moisture, and of inflating their bodies and making them appear

of a large size, and when suddenly killed they have not the power of

lessening it, but while alive they certainly have. During dry and

perhaps cold weather they expel the air and water, and so contract

their bodies, that they can be withdrawn a considerable distance

within the cavity of the shell. I have often seen this ceconomy in

the amber snails, Succinee, and the shield shells, Vitrine, and Pro-

fessor Nilsson has observed the same fact with regard to the latter

genus, as quoted by me (Gray, Turton Man. 119).

The type of the genus is

PFEIFFERIA MICANS.

Helix micans, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, 71 ; Monogr. Helic.

li. 24.

Corasia micans, Albers, Heliceen, 111.

Nanina Albaiensis, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. 1853, p. 331,

teeth.

Hab. Lucon.

111

Mr. Cuming observed it in the greatest abundance on the leaves

of bushes at St. Jauno, in the province of Cagayan, at the extreme

north part of the island of Lugon.

Dr. Albers refers the species to his subgenus Corasia, consisting

of Helices with large reflected peristomes ; the shells have some re-

semblance to the young imperfect specimens of some species of that

genus, as Helix Albaiensis, but they differ from them in the pillar

lip being evenly arched and imperforate, and not straight from the

axis and slightly perforated, as in their young shells it always is.

MM. Quoy and Gaimard described a land mollusk which they

discovered on leaves in Tasman’s Bay, New Zealand, under the name

of Lima bitentaculatus, Voy. Astrolabe, t. 13. f.1, 2,3. They only

found a single specimen, which, they say, they only partially exa-

mined. From this description, as the animal differed from Limax in

so many particulars that it was impossible to keep it im that genus,

I formed a provisional genus for it under the name of Janella, in the

4th volume of Mrs. Gray’s ‘ Figures of Mollusca,’ p.112. I have

just received from New Zealand a specimen of land mollusk which

agrees with the animal described by MM. Quoy and Gaimard in so

many particulars, that I am inclined to believe it to be either the spe-

cies they observed, or a second species of the same genus ; and as it

offers some peculiarities not noticed in their description or figure, I

shall proceed to characterize the genus.

JANELLA.

Body elongate, convex ; back rounded; tail not keeled, tapering,

acute behind, without any subcaudal gland. Mantle covering the

whole of the back, with a slightly raised lateral margin, leaving a

rather broad space between its edge and the edge of the foot, thin,

smooth, with a longitudinal groove along the centre of the back ex-

tending the whole length of the animal, and giving out branches from

each side which diverge backward to the edge; in front, over the

head, there is given out a short, straight, diverging branch on each

side to the hinder base of the tentacles, then forked, and the two

branches continued on the under edge of the mantle to the corner

of the mouth; tentacles two, arising from the front just within the

edge of the mantle, and quite retractile like those of the Slugs.

Aperture of respiration a very small round foramen, with a raised

edge, on the right side and close to the central groove on the back,

just above the aperture of reproduction. Mouth inferior, just at the

end of the foot, with three tubercles in front, which are formed by

the continuation of the grooves on the front of the mantle. Aper-

ture for reproductive organs on the front part of the edge of the

right side of the mantle, about one-fourth the entire length from the

head.

The foot narrow, divided into three indistinctly-marked longitudi-

nal bands, the middle band rather the widest, the lateral bands with

rather distant cross grooves, most distinct on the outer edge, and

112

with shorter marginal grooves between them, giving the edge of the

foot a crenated appearance ; ; the end of the body becomes suddenly

more slender, with a prominence on the back just before this sudden

alteration, as if the mass of the viscera were confined to the first

two-thirds of the body ; but this may be caused by the contraction of

the animal from being in spirits.

Shell none, or at least there is no appearance of any through the

skin.

JANELLA ANTIPODARUM.

Hab. New Zealand. Length three-fourths of a inch.

This genus is most nearly allied to Philomycus (=Tebenophorus,

Binney=Limacella, Blainville), with which it agrees in having a thin

mantle covering the whole of the back; but it differs from it in the

position of the respiratory aperture, and in the presence of only two

tentacles, which, instead of being placed on the head, as in Philo-

mycus and all the other Arionide and Helicide, are placed in the

front part of the mantle. All these characters induce me to regard

it as the type of a new family of Pulmonata, which may be called

Janellide.

3. On THE ATTITUDES AND FicureEs or THE Morse.

By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

The arrival of a living Morse, or Walrus, in this country, show-

ing that it is very different in its manner of moving from the Seals,

has induced me to examine and compare the figures which have

hitherto been given of this animal. Most of the oldest figures were

purely imaginary. To this series must be referred the Rosmarus and

WERK]

(2 he

wi yi ORS

Fig. 1. Rosmarus. Gesner, Addenda, 368, 16. 1560.

(Reduced one-ninth.)

113

Vacea marina in the Addenda to Gesner (pp. 368, 369), published

Fig. 2. Vacea marina. Gesuner, Addenda, p. 369. 1560.

(Reduced nearly one-third.)

in 1560, and the Poreus monstrosus of Olaus Magnus (p. 788),

published in 1568. They all have more or less elongated tails, four

feet, and the elongated tusks in the lower jaw.

Fig. 3. Porcus monstrosus Oceani Germanici. Olaus Magnus, 1568, p. 788.

The Rosmarus of Olaus Magnus (p. 789) agrees with the pre-

ceding in most of its characters, but has the tusks in the upper jaw.

Fig. 4. Rosmarus seu Morsus Norvegicus. Olaus Magnus, 1568, p. 789.

No. CCLV.—ProcreEpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

114

Gesner, in his Icones, 1560 (p. 178), gives another figure more

like a Seal, and with the teeth in the upper jaw; but it is repre-

(Reduced two-thirds.)

sented as having four feet, with claws like a Cat’s, the fore legs

being furnished with short wings at their junction with the body ;

and the body ends in a broad fan-like tail, similar to the hinder ex-

tremities of the Seal. This figure is copied in Jonston’s ‘ Pisces,’

t. 44, in 1657.

Fig. 6. Sea Horse. 1609.

In ‘The Three Voyages to the North in the year 1609,’ reprinted

by the Hakluyt Society, a plate shows a “true portraiture of our

boat, and how we nearly got into trouble with the sea horses.’ This

animal is represented like a Seal, with the teeth in its upper jaw,

but the back is arched, and the belly a considerable distance from

the ice, on which it is walking. Another very rough seal-like figure

Fig. 7. Wall-Ross. Marten’s Spitzbergen, &c. 1675, t. P. fig. 0.

(Reduced three-tenths.)

is given in Marten’s ‘Spitzbergen in 1675, tab. P. fig. 6. Buffon,

115

in 1765, in the tenth volume of his ‘ Histoire Naturelle,’ t. 54, gives

the figure of a male, evidently from a stuffed skin, exactly resem-

Fig. 8. Le Morse. Buffon, xiii. t.54¢. 1765.

(Reduced two-fifths.)

bling the common Seal in form and position ; and this figure has been

repeatedly copied.

In a small quarto tract, called the ‘Histoire du Pays nommé

Spitsberghe, écrit par H. G. A., Amsterdam, chez Hessel Ger-

vard A.,’ 1613, a plate at page 20 contains an excellent figure of the

Morse and its young, “ad vivum delineatum ab Hesselo G. A.”

Fig. 9. Walruss. Ad vivum delineatum ab Hesselo G. A.

Histoire de Spitsberghe, by H. G. A., 1613. Another edition, same date.

(Reduced four-sevenths. )

This figure was repeated in Laet’s ‘Amer. Deseript.’ p. 28, 1633, by

Jonston, ‘Pisces,’ t. 44, in 1657, and by Shaw, ‘Zoology,’ t. 68%,

from Jonston. :

In Cook’s last ‘ Voyage’ there is a fine plate (t. 52), after a draw-

ing by Westall, of a boat’s party attacking a drove of Sea-horses ; the

centre animal of this group is copied, under the name of the Arctic

Walrus, by Shaw, ‘Zoology,’ t. 68. This figure also represents the

animal in its natural position, with the hinder legs bent under the

116

body, but the figure is more artistic and less natural than that of

Mr. Hessel Gerrard A.

i i

S yy

My es ”

Fig. 10. Arctic Walrus. Cook’s last Voy. t. 52. Shaw, Zool. t. 68.

(Reduced one-sixth.)

4. Drescriprions o¥ New SPECcIEs or THE Genus Conus,

FROM THE COLLECTION OF Hucu CuminG, Esa.

By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., Sure. R.N.

1. Conus optasitis, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica,

solida, levigata, albida, immaculata; spira conica, acuminata,

apice acuto; anfractibus permultis, in medio angulatis, radia-

tim striatis ; labro in medio producto, postice prope suturam

valde inciso.

Hab. 2

2. Conus sutcirerus, A. Adams. C. testa oblongo-turbinata,

solidiuscula, transversim valde sulcata, sulcis distantibus, lon-

gitudinaliter elevatim striatis ; fusca, maculis obscuris, albidis,

transversim dispositis, ornata; spira acuminata; anfractibus

gradatis, transversim valde sulcatis et transversim striatis, ad

peripheriam luteo maculatis ; apice elato, acuto.

Hab. New Ireland. Mus. Cuming.

3. Conus cyAnostoma, A. Adams. OC. testa turbinata, conica,

leviter inflata, subcinerea, fasciis tenuibus, articulatis, macu-

lisque fuscescentibus sparsim variegata, bast valde sulcata ;

117

apertura fauce violaceo-purpurea; spira ad suturas sulcata,

anfractibus gradatis ; apice elevato, acuto.

Hab. West Africa. Mus, Cuming.

4. Conus specraBitis, A. Adams. OC. testa elongato-cylin-

dracea, albida, aurantiaco-nebulosa, transversim lirata, liris

elevatis, subdistantibus, rufo-fusco articulatis ; spira convexa,

obtusa; anfractibus convexiusculis, sulcatis, ultimo rotundato.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

This species belongs to the subgenus Hermes, and differs from H.

nussatella in the last whorl being roundly angulated posteriorly, in

the elevated distant ridges and in the obtuse spire: in form it is like

HI, violaceus.

5. Conus caiatus, A. Adams. C. festa parva, turbinato-

conica, transversim valde sulcata, sulcis distantibus, longitudi-

naliter elevatim striatis; albida, aurantiaco late reticulata ;

spira depresso-concava, anfractibus suleatis, concinne coronatis ;

apice mucronato, subacuto.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Mus. Cuming.

6. Conus sticticus, A. Adams. C. festa elongato-turbinata,

levi, nitida, ad basin valde sulcata, fusca, fasciis nigro albo-

que articulatis, confertis, ubique cineta; spira valde elata,

anfractibus gradatis, ad peripheriam albo maculatis ; apice

acuto.

Hab.

7. Conus putcuerR, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata,

transversim sulcata, longitudinaliter tenuissime striata, sulcis

cancellatis ; albida, rufescente nebulosa, fasciis angustis, albo

rufoque articulatis, ubique ornata; spira acuminata, anfrac-

tibus coronatis, transversim liratis et striatis; apice acuto,

mucronato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

This species belongs to the section Cylindrella.

? Mus. Cuming.

8. Conus pratBaAtus, A. Adams. C. testa obeso-turbinata,

leviuscula, basi oblique valde sulcata, alba, nitida ; spira elata,

concava ; anfractibus striatis, convexiusculis ; apice acuto.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

9. Conus commonpvs, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata,

angusta, levi, basi oblique sulcata, alba, epidermide fulva ob-

tecta; spira elevata, convexo-acuta, pallide fulvo variegata ;

apice elato, acuto, suturis valde impressis; anfractu ultimo

postice acuto, carinato.

Hab. ? Mus. Gruner.

10. Conus nreuectus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica,

subventricosa, transversim sulcata, carneola, rufescente varie-

gata, fascia unica rufa, lineisque transversis, albo rufoque arti-

118

culatis, ornata; spira depressa, rufo radiatim picta, anfracti-

bus concentrice striatis, in medio depressiusculis.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

11. Conus turipus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica,

levi, longitudinaliter substriata, cinerascente, fasciis duabus

distantibus, albis ornata; anfractu ultimo postice zona albo-

articulata cincto; spira depressa, anfractibus concavis, sutura

impressa.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

12. Conus vinctus, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato-conica,

solida, longitudinaliter strigosa, olivacea, maculis albis, irregu-

laribus, lineisque transversis, nigro alboque articulatis, undique

ornata ; spira conica, elata, anfractibus valde sulcatis ; apice

mucronato ; labro arcuato, intus nigro-fusco articulato.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

13. Conus succinctus, A. Adams. (C. testa turbinato-conica,

ventricosa, levi, carneola, fascia angusta, albo rufoque articu-

lata, in medio succincta, fascia altera evanida, anteriore ;

spira obtusa, anfractibus subgradatis, marginibus rotundatis,

in medio sulcatis ; labro arcuato; apertura antice subeffusa.

Hab. Natal. Mus. Cuming.

14. Conus aneuxatus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica,

levi, nitida, solida, alba, maculis rufescentibus variegata, macu-

lisque rufis, in fasciis transversis dispositis, ornata; spira acuta,

concava, anfractibus levibus, anfractu ultimo postice acute an-

gulato; labro tenui, acuto, in medio producto, postice valde in-

ciso.

Hab.

15. Conus asstmitis, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato-conica,

longitudinaliter striata, transversim creberrime sulcata, sulcis

antice validioribus, alba, maculis ceruleo-nigris, irregularibus,

undulatis, lineisque transversis, nigro rufoque articulatis, or-

nata; spira conica, acuta, anfractibus cancellatis ; apice ro-

seo, mucronato; labro areuato, margine intus albo nigroque

articulato.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

? Mus. Cuming.

16. Conus Hevassn, A. Adams.

We have imposed this name upon the Conus pulchellus of Sowerby,

that appellation having been already employed for another species.

17. Conus 1nnexus, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata,

levi, solidiuscula, fulva, aurantiaco nebulosa, fasciis duabus,

latis, rufo-fuscis, lineisque transversis, articulatis, subconfertis

ornata ; spira conica acuminata, anfractibus subgradatis, con-

centrice valde liratis, marginibus rufo-punctatis ; labro recto,

postice arcuato; apertura intus alba.

Hab. Natal. Mus. Cuming.

119

18. Conus anceps, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica,

transversim striata, antice valde sulcosa, solida, alba, rufo-

variegata, fasciis duabus, transversis, aurantiacis ornata ; spira

conica, acuta, anfractibus excavatis, ad suturas subcrenulatis,

anfractu ultimo postice subrotundato ; labro in medio inflexo.

Hab. Moluccas. Mus. Cuming.

19. Conus comptus, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato-conica,

ventricosula, levi, nitida, antice oblique sulcata, fulva, cingulo

unico macularum fuscarum ornata; anfractu ultimo postice

convexo, antice attenuato, basi subreflexo; labro tenui, arcuato;

spira depressa; anfractibus concentrice sulcatis, marginibus

subnodulosis.

Hab. Natal. Mus. Cuming.

20. Conus rascratus, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata,

nitida, transversim striata, albida, fasciis tribus, latis, auran-

tiacis ornata; spira depressa, anfractibus concavis, extus mar-

ginatis ; labro in medio coarctato ; anfractu ultimo postice an-

gulato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

21. Conus Nov#-Hotuanpia#, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato-

conica, subventricosa, longitudinaliter striata, transversim valde

suleata, cinerascente, castaneo maculata et nebulosa ; spira ele-

vatiuscula, apice acuto, anfractibus angulatis, concentrice sul-

catis, et radiatim striatis ; apertura intus luride violascente ;

labro margine arcuato.

Hab. Swan River. Mus. Cuming.

22. Conus stiemaTicus, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbi-

nata, levi, basi oblique suleata, alba, maculis rufis irregulari-

bus, in seriebus fribus dispositis, ornata; spira elevatiuscula,

anfractibus concavis, transversim sulcatis, fasciis rufis radia-

tim pictis; apice acuto, submucronato ; labro acuto, margine

arcuato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

23. Conus PRECELLENS, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-

conica, albida, maculis irregularibus, rufescentibus varie picta,

transversim valde lirata, interstitiis pulcherrime cancellatis ;

spira valde elata, acuminata, anfractibus multis, angulatis et

cancellatis, anfractu ultimo antice attenuato ; labro in medio

inflexo, postice valde inciso.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

24, Conus pesipiosus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica,

levissima, basi oblique sulcata, pallide fusca, fascia albida,

transversa, lineisque castaneis, interruptis, confertis, et lineis

albidis undulatis postice ornata; spira elata, conica, anfrac-

tibus planiusculis, in medio transversim bisulcatis ; labro ar-

cuato, postice iciso.

Hab. West Africa. Mus. Cuming.

120

5. Monocrapru or Piecotrema, A New Genus or GASTERO-

popous Mou.usks, BELONGING TO THE Famity AuRICcU-

LIDZ, FROM SPECIMENS IN THE CoLLEecTION oF HvuGu

Cumine, Esa. By H. ann A. Apams.

Genus Piecotrema, H. & A. Adams.

Testa ovato-conica, umbilicata, transversim sulcata; spira elata,

acuta; apertura angusta; labio triplicato, plica mediana bi-

partita ; labro extus incrassato, intus bidentato.

Shell ovate-conic, solid, umbilicated ; spire elevated, acute; aper-

ture contracted, oblong ; inner lip with three plaits, the middle one

bifid; outer lip with a marginal varix, internally bidentate.

A genus of small shells allied to Cassidula.

1. Puecorrema typica, H. & A. Adams. PP. testa ovato-

conica late et profunde umbilicata, pallide ferruginea, fulvo

cincta ; spira conica, elata, transversim valde sulcata, an-

fractu ultimo basi truncato; apertura angusta ; columella tri-

plicata, plica mediana bipartita ; labro extus incrassato, quasi

varicoso, margine antice subreflexo, intus bituberculato ; umbi-

lico patulo, perspectivo.

Hab. Pulo Penang (Lieut. Taylor). Mus. Cuming.

This is the most characteristic species of the genus, and is remark-

able for the great size of the umbilicus, causing the base of the shell

to appear as if truncated.

2. PLECOTREMA MONILIFERA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovato-

conica, vie perforata; spira conica, acuta, transversim lirata,

liris granulosis, moniliformibus, confertis ; apertura angusta ;

columella triplicata, plica mediana bipartita; labro extus in-

crassato, intus bidentato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This species is not distinctly umbilicated, and the conspicuous

transverse liree are granular, so as to assume a moniliform appear-

ance; the columella, as usual in this genus, is furnished with three

plaits, and the outer lip is thickened externally.

3. PLEcoTREMA PUNCTIGERA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovata,

vie perforata; spira conica, obtusiuscula ; fulva, fusco-zonata,

transversim punctata, punctis in lineis equidistantibus, trans-

versis dispositis ; apertura angusta, coarctata ; columella tri-

plicata, plica postica tuberculiformi, mediana bipartita ; labro

intus tuberculato, tuberculo mediano valido.

Hab. Borneo (Lieut. Taylor). Mus. Cuming.

The most conspicuous feature in this species consists of the nume-

rous distinct punctures arranged in transverse rows, and in the cha-

racter of the tubercles in the interior of the outer lip.

4. PLecorreMA tmperrorATA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovato-

conica, imperforata ; spira elata, obtusiuscula ; pallide fusca,

121

transversim punctato-striata; anfractibus supremis transver-

sim sulcatis, ultimo basi attenuato, postice valde transversim

sulcato; apertura angusta; columella triplicata, plica me-

diana bipartita ; labro intus quadrituberculato.

Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

In this species there is no umbilicus, and the last whorl is pointed

and subacute anteriorly ; the whorls of the spire are sulcate, and the

outer lip is furnished internally with four tubercles.

5. PLecoTreMA LirATA, H.& A. Adams. PP. testa wmbilicata,

ovato-conica, fusca, pallide fulvo-cincta ; spira acuta, anfracti-

bus planis, transversim liratis, liris confertis ; apertura parva,

angusta ; labio subcalloso; columella triplicata, plica postica

obsoleta, tuberculiformi; labro extus incrassato, intus biden-

tato ; umbilico intus costa elevata, spirali munito.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming.

In this species the outer lip is thickened, and there is a spiral callus

in the rather wide umbilicus.

6. PLecorrema cuausa, H. & A. Adams. P. festa rimata,

ovato-conoidea; spira acuta; rufo-fusca, aut pallide fulva,

transversim lirata, liris confertis, elevatis ; apertura angusta,

ringente; labio calloso, triplicato, plica mediana bipartita, an-

tica pervalida; labro extus incrassato, margine inflexo, intus

valde bidentato.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. Mus. Cuming.

The aperture in this species is very narrow and ringent, the outer

lip is thickened externally, with the margin somewhat reflexed, and

the umbilicus is reduced to a narrow fissure.

7. PuecoTtReMA pecussaTA, H. & A. Adams. PP. testa ovato-

conica, umbilicata ; spira conica, apice acuto; brunnea, longi-

tudinaliter striata, transversim sulcata, liris intermediis sub-

granulosis ; apertura oblonga, angusta, antice quadrata, quasi

truncata ; columella triplicata, plica postica tuberculiform,

mediana bipartita ; labro acuto, extus pallide fusco, intus albo

marginato, bituberculato ; regione umbilicali carina spirali cir-

cumceincta.

Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

The base of the last whorl, owing to the large size of the umbili-

cus, appears as if truncated.

8. PLecorrReMA puNCTATO-sTRIATA, H. & A. Adams. P. festa

ovata, solida, vix rimata; spira elata, conica; ferruginea,

transversim punctato-striata; apertura oblonga, angusta; colu-

mella triplicata, plica postica tuberculiformi, mediana bipar-

tita; labro acuto, intus albo-marginato, tridentato.

Hab. Borneo (Lieut. Taylor). Mus. Cuming.

The transverse striee in this species are conspicuously punctate,

and there are three tubercles in the interior of the outer lip; the

spire is acute, and the last whorl rather produced, with only an um-

bilical fissure.

122

9. Puecorrema concinna, H. & A. Adams. P. testa umbili-

cata, ovato-conica; spira elata, apice acuto; sordide fulva,

transversim valde sulcata, liris intermedits subgranulosis; aper-

tura parva, angusta; labio calloso, columella triplicata, plica

mediana bipartita; labro eatus marginato, margine reflexo, intus

bidentato ; umbilico magno, patulo. \

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

The umbilicus in this species is large and open; the inner lip is

callous, and the outer lip thickened externally, with the margin some-

what reflexed.

10. Puecorrema exaraTA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovato-

conica, umbilicata ; spira elata, acuta; brunnea, transversim

sulcata, liris intermediis leviuseulis ; apertura angusta ; colu-

mella triplicata, plica mediana bipartita; labio subcalloso ;

labro extus inerassato, margine antice subreflexo, intus bituber-

culato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

In this species the umbilicus is pervious, and the spire is elevated

and acute; the spaces between the transverse grooves are nearly

smooth, and the margin of the outer lip is somewhat reflected.

11. PLecorTREMA LABRELLA, Deshayes.

Auricula labrella, Desh. Encycl. Meth. Vers. p. 92; Mag. de Zool.

part 1. pl. 14. p. 14.

? duric. faber, Férussac.

12. PLecoTREMA 1n=QUALIS, C. B. Adams.

Pedipes inequalis, C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conchology.

December 13, 1853.

R. C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :— $

1. Descriptions or New Species or Bucconips.

By Purure Lurxiey Scuater, F.Z.S.

(Aves, Pl. L. LI.)

|. Bucco raptratus, Sclater. (Pl. L.) B. supra clare ferru-

gineus, nigro transversim radiatus ; nucha et dorso summo

pene omnino ngris; corpore subtus et torque cervicali supra

pallide fulvescenti-albis ; capitis lateribus, pectore et ventris

lateribus lineis nigris transversim radiatis ; loris, gula, ventre

medio crissoque albis ; pedibus nigris ; rostro plumbeo.

Long. tota 8°0; ale, 3-4; caude, 3°0.

7 ."

IER OG. 2) 1). cree

M & 1 Hanhart, mp!

Wolf, lith.

BUCCO RADIATUS. Sclace

+ a

Filet

Wi \ i}

ee | vi

é f i

Nee

Wee AT

M iN

Hanhart In

{

123

Hab. in Nova Grenada. Mus. Britannico.

Obs. B. chacuru affinis, sed subtus radiatus et rostro plumbeo nec

rubro; maculis auricularibus nullis.

2. Bucco striaTIPectus, Sclater. B. corpore supra nigrescente,

alis caudaque magis brunnescentibus, omnino rufescente trans-

versim striatis; capite nigro fere immaculato; mento albo;

gutture toto et collo undique fulvo-rufis ; pectore et ventris

lateribus albis, nigro longitudinaliter striatis; ventre medio

albo, crisso fulvescente.

Long. tota, 7°8; ale, 3°5.

Hab. in Bolivia. Mus. Derbiano.

Obs. Species B. maculato maxime affinis sed subtus striis nigris

nee maculis rotundis aspersa.

3. MauacorrTiLna FuLvoGuLARIS, Sclater. M. capite toto et

dorso summo nigris, scapis plumarum clare fulvis ; dorso, alis

caudaque fuliginoso-brunneis ; dorso medio punctis paucis tri-

angularibus fulvis ; uropygit plumis anguste fulvo marginatis ;

cauda immaculata ; mento et gutture toto clare fulvis ; pectore

nigro, scapis plumarum late albis ; ventre pallide fulvescente.

Long. tota 8°5; ale, 3°7.

Hab. in Bolivia. Mus. Derbiano.

Affinis M. torquate, Hahn:

4. Mavacopriza supstriaTA, Sclater. (Pl. LI.) M. supra

umbrino-brunnea, capite nigrescentiore ; capite et dorso summo

longitrorsum fulvo striolatis ; dorsi et uropygiu plumis rufescen-

tibus, ochraceo anguste marginatis ; alis caudaque immaculate

cinerascenti-brunneis; loris et mystacibus elongatis, albis; late-

ribus capitis et corpore infra nigrescentibus, ochraceo et albo

late striatis ; gula media et pectore toto rufescenti-ochraceis ;

ventre brunneo et ochraceo-albido confuse mixto; cauda subtus

cinerascentiore ; rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota, 7°8; ale, 3°8; caudze, 3:8.

Hab. m Nova Grenada.

5. Maacoprita aspersa, Sclater. M. supra fuliginoso-brun-

nea, dorso rufescentiore ; alis caudaque immaculate brunneis ;

nucha, dorso toto et alarum tectricibus maculis triangularibus,

clare fulvis, aspersis; loris albescentibus ; regionis auricularis

plumarum scapis pallide fulvis ; mystacibus et plumis mentali-

bus rigidis; gula alba; pectore in ferrugineum transeunte ;

ventre toto crissoque obscure albis, ferrugineo tinctis ; pectore

et ventris lateribus obsolete fuliginoso-striatis ; rostro nigro,

mandibula inferiore ad basin flava; pedibus obscure brunneis.

Long. tota 7°25; ale, 3°2; caude, 3°2.

Hab. in Venezuela. Mus. Britannico.

Obs. Species preecedenti et M. mystacali, Lafr., quasi intermedia ;

coloribus corporis superi huic, inferioris vero illi approximans.

I am at present acquainted with about thirty-two species of the

124

fissirostral family Bucconide, of which I believe the five just de-

scribed to be hitherto unrecognised. Two of them are to be found

in the Derby Museum at Liverpool; of two there are specimens in

the British Museum: the only example of the Malacoptila sub-

striata | have yet seen is in my own collection.

Four natural genera have been constituted in this family, Bucco,

Malacoptila, Monasa, and Chelidoptera. For the more debile and

passerine form of Malacoptila, represented by the Bucco rubecula,

Spix, and Lypornix ruficapilla, Tschudi, I propose the new generic

or subgeneric appellation Nonnula, type N. rubecula (Bucco rube-

cula, Spix, Av. Bras. i. t. 39. fig. 1. p. 51). The members of this

section are much inferior in size to the true Malacoptile.

2, Descriptions ofr NINETEEN New Species oF HELICcEA,

FROM THE CoLLECTION oF H. Cumine, Ese.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. Hexrx Ganoma, Pfr. H. testa aperta, perforata, turbinato-

depressa, solida, sublevigata, spiraliter indistincte striata, ver-

nicosa, fulva; spira convexo-conoidea, obtusa; sutura impressa,

simplice ; anfractibus 5, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, medio

subcarinato, infra angulum et circa perforationem late fusco-

fasciato, non descendente, basi distincte radiato-striato ; aper-

tura obliqua, subangulato-lunata, intus lactea; peristomate

recto, obtuso, lilaceo-limbato, margine columellari superne bre-

viter dilatato, repando.

Diam. maj. 51, min. 43, alt. 26 mill.

Hab. in insula Ceylon rarissima (Ff. Layard).

2. Hextrx concavospira, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, trochi-

formi, tenui, via striatula, sub epidermide fugace, fulvescente

alba; spira concavo-conica, apice acutiuscula ; sutura submar-

ginata ; anfractibus 7, planiusculis, ultimo convexiore, medio

acute carinato, antice non descendente, bast convexo ; apertura

parum obliqua, angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplice, recto,

margine columellari arcuato, ad perforationem brevissime re-

flexo.

Diam. maj. 133, min. 12, alt. 11 mill.

Had. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites).

3. Heiix uypuasma, Pfr. H. testa vix perforata, trochiformi,

tenui, confertim radiato-striata, sulcis remotioribus spiralibus

quasi texta, pellucida, corneo-albida ; spira subconcavo-conica,

acutiuscula ; sutura marginata; anfractibus 73, convexiusculis,

ultimo convexiore, compresso-carinato, non descendente, basi

convexo, nitido, sublevigato ; apertura obliqua, rhombeo-lunari ;

peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari substricte de-

scendente, superne vix dilatato, refleaiusculo.

Diam. maj. 15, min. 133, alt. 103 mill.

Hab. in insula Ceylon ‘Thwaites).

125

4. Hewix rririnosa, Pfr. H. testa perforata, depresse trochi-

formi, tenui, radiato-striata, acute carinata, via nitidula, pal-

lide cerea ; spira conoidea, apice hyalina, obtusiuscula ; sutura

marginata ; anfractibus 63, convexiusculis arcte convolutis, su-

perne carinis 3 filiformibus munitis, ultimo non descendente,

basi convexiore, nitido ; apertura verticali, depressa, angulato-

lunari ; peristomate recto, acuto, marginibus remotis, supero

brevissimo, basali leviter arcuato, columellari declivi, superne

dilatato, reflexo.

Diam. maj. 52, min. 5, alt. 35 mill.

Haéb. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites).

5. Hexrx pouitissma, Pfr. H. testa subaperte perforata, de-

pressa, tenui, politissima, virenti-cornea vel castanea; spira

via elevata, vertice subtili, obtuso; sutura profunda; anfrac-

tibus 44, convexis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo rotundato, non

descendente ; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; pert-

stomate simplice, recto, marginibus convergentibus, dextro an-

trorsum subarcuato, columellari arcuatim descendente, superne

breviter reflexo.

Diam. maj. 24, min. 20, alt. 11 mill.

Had. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites).

6. Hexrx Tawairest, Pfr. H. testa aperte perforata, convexo-

depressa, striatula, nitida, cereo-hyalina ; spira breviter conor-

dea, obtusiuscula; sutura profunda, submarginata ; anfracti-

bus 64, convexis, arcte convolutis, ultimo non descendente, basi

inflato; apertura verticali, lunari; peristomate recto, acuto,

margine columellari arcuatim oblique descendente, ad perfora-

tionem vix dilatato.

Diam. maj. 5, min. 43, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites).

7. Hewrx susopaca, Pfr. H. testa semiobtecte perforata, co-

noideo-depressa, solidula, supérne subarcuatim costulata, bast

radiato-striata, subopaca, pallide rubello-cornea; spira breviter

conoidea ; sutura simplice, impressa ; anfractibus 63, vix con-

vexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, basi planiusculo ; apertura

obliqua, lunari, intus margaritacea ; peristomate simplice, recto,

margine columellari declivi, subincrassato, ad perforationem tri-

angulatim dilatato.

Diam. maj. 17, min. 143, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites).

8. Heurx partir, Pfr. (=H. marcida, Bens.? non Shuttl.) H.

testa perforata, convexo-depressa, solidula, superne confertis-

sime et inequaliter subarcuato-costulata, sericina, fulvo-cornea;

spira magis minusve elevata, vertice subtili, prominulo ; sutura

levi; anfractibus 53, convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ul-

timo vix latiore, non descendente, basi leviusculo, subplanulato ;

apertura parum obliqua, lunari; peristomate simplice, recto,

126

marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari declin, ad perfora-

tionem subincrassato, reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 13, min. 113, alt. 7 mill.

}. major, tenuior, pallide cornea.

Diam. maj. 15, min. 13, alt. 72 mill.

Hab. in insula Ceylon (Layard, 3. Thwaites).

Differt ab H. subopaca sculptura subtiliore, minus regulari, an-

fractu ultimo minus dilatato, &e.

9. Hexrx roveata, Pfr. H. testa sinistrorsa, subumbilicata,

depressa, tenui, confertim subacute striata, et impressionibus

radiantibus sculpta, nitida, superne cinnamomea ; spira bre-

vissime conoidea, vertice castaneo, elevatiore ; anfractibus 5,

sensim accrescentibus, convexiusculis, ultimo albo-carinato, infra

carinam subacutam cingulo castaneo notato, basi inflato, circa

umbilicum angustissimum pallidiore ; apertura obliqua, late lu-

nari; peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari superne

in laminam triangularem reflexo. ;

Diam. maj. 39, min. 32, alt. 17 mill.

Hab. in India.

10. Hexix wacera, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, ovato-globosa,

solida, vix striatula, fusca, epidermide lacera, flavo-cinerea,

strigata ; spira semiglobosa, obtusa; sutura pallide filomargi-

nata, superne plana, tandem profunda ; anfractibus 4}, superis

vix convexiusculis, 2 ultimis rotundatis, ultimo antice subascen-

dente; apertura obliqua, subtetragono-ovali, intus livida; peri-

stomate breviter expanso et refleco, margine columellari sub-

stricto, plano, dilatato, cum basali angulum formante.

Diam. maj. 33, min. 274, alt. 30 mill.

Hab. in insulis Philippinis.

11. Hexrx purpurascens, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, sub-

trochiformi, solida, undique minute granulata, nitidula ; spira

convexo-conoidea, fulva, apice obtusiuscula ; anfractibus 6, lente

accrescentibus vix convexiusculis, ultimo convexiore, infra me-

dium subecarinato et albido-cingulato, antice purpurascente,

gibbo, breviter descendente, basi subplano; apertura perobliqua,

triangulari-lunari, intus margaritacea ; peristomate fusco, re-

flexo, marginibus callo crasso, nitido junctis, columellari sub-

stricto.

Diam. maj. 29, min. 25, alt. 152 mill.

Hab. in Korea.

12. Hevix prasrans, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-

depressa, tenuiuscula, striatula, superne castanea, flammulis

luteis ornata, basi lutea, irregulariter castaneo-fasciata et te-

niata, epidermide parum nitida vestita; spira brevi, obtusa ;

anfractibus 44, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, antice vix de-

scendente ; apertura obliqua, rotuxdato-lunari, intus margari-

tacea; peristomate livido, breviter expanso et reflecitusculo, mar-

127

ginibus vie conniventibus, callo junctis, columellari fornicatim

dilatato.

Diam. maj. 53, min. 42, alt. 26 mill.

Hab. im provincia Ocana, Novee Granade (Schlim).

13. Hexix microsprra, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, depresso-

globosa, solidula, levissime striatula, nitida, fulvido-flava, ple-

rumque fasctis 3 nigris (1 suturali, 1 mediana, 1 columellari)

ornata; spira parva, convexa, obtusa, alba vel lilacea ; sutura

albo-marginata ; anfractibus 4, rapide accrescentibus, con-

vexiusculis, ultimo perinflato, non descendente ; apertura dia-

gonali, truncato-ovali, intus albida ; peristomate late expanso

et reflexiusculo, albo, margine columellari plano, fere stricto,

bast subdentato.

Diam. maj. 44, min. 34, alt. 31 mill.

Hab. in insulis Philippinis.

14. Hexix pirricruis, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-

depressa, tenui, minutissime striata, nitida, pallide fulvescente,

ad suturam albam castaneo-fasciata; spira parvula, semiglo-

bosa; anfractibus 4}, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, ad peri-

pheriam et basin castaneo-fasciato, non descendente ; apertura

Sere diagonali, tetragono-lunari, intus alba; peristomate sub-

inerassato, breviter reflexco, margine columellari stricto, per-

dilatato, plano, albo.

Diam. maj. 42, min. 34, alt. 26 mill.

Hab. in insulis Philippinis. —

15. Hevrx Cuarrentiert, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, discoidea,

solidula, oblique costato-striata, parum nitida, virenti-cornea ;

spira regulari, plana; anfractibus 53, lente accrescentibus,

modice convexis, ultimo rotundato, antice profunde descendente ;

umbilico lato, conico, subirregulari ; apertura fere horizontali,

rotundato-lunari, intus albida, prorsus edentula; peristomate

albo, undique late expanso et reflexo, marginibus convergentibus,

infero ad insertionem attenuato.

Diam. maj. 274, min. 22, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. in insula Ceylon (F. Layard).

16. Hexix procera, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, am-

bitu trregulari, subelliptica, solida, minute granulata, unicolore

nigro-castanea ; spira brevi, obtusa; anfractibus 5, convexius-

culis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo carinato, supra et infra

carinam irregulariter anguloso, prope suturam tumido, basi

constricto, in umbilico mediocri profunde sulcato, antice per-

deflexo; apertura perobliqua, subtetragono-rotundata, dente

libero acuto parietis aperturalis coarctata ; peristomate crasso,

reflexzo, marginibus callo albo, sinuato junctis, supero arcuato,

basali substricto, dente acuto, conico interposito.

Diam. maj. 62, min. 49, alt. 27 mill.

Hab. in provincia Antioquia, Columbize (Schlim).

128

17. Hewuix continua, Pfr. AH. testa wmbilicata, lenticulari,

carinata, solidula, striata et subgranulata, fusca, maculis albi-

dis superne conspersa; spira vix elata, vertice subtili, obtuso ;

sutura fere lineari; anfractibus 5, planiusculis, ultimo acute

carinato, antice inflato et deflexo, basi tumido, pone aperturam

constricto, in umbilico mediocri leviter suleato; apertura per-

obliqua, lunari, dente libero, compresso parietis aperturalis

coarctata ; peristomate continuo, albo, calloso, expanso et re-

flexo, margine basali levissime arcuato.

Diam. maj. 41, min. 35, alt. 15 mill.

Hab. in provincia Ocana, Columbize (Schlim).

18. Buxtimus victor, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, fusiformi-

ovata, solidula, leviter striata, non nitente, fasciis flavido-albis,

spadiceo tessellatis, fasciisque latioribus virenti-fuscis, albido-

strigatis picta ; spira conica, apice obtusiuscula ; anfractibus 5,

superis parum convexis, ultimo % longitudinis equante, con-

vexiore basi attenuato ; columella leviter arcuata, alba; aper-

tura obliqua, oblongo-ovali, intus margaritacea; peristomate

rubro, incrassato, breviter refleco, marginibus callo saturate

violaceo junctis.

Long. 65, diam. 29 mill.

Hab. in provincia Antioquia, Columbize (Schlim).

19. Sprraxis pARADOXA, Pfr. Sp. festa turrita, solida, distincte

et confertim granulata, nigro-fusca; spira elongata, superne

conum acutiusculum formante; anfractibus 8, convexis, supremis

remote costatis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, infra me-

dium angulato, levigato ; apertura parum obliqua, subrhombea,

intus cerulescente ; columella callosa, alba, torta, basi subtrun-

cata; peristomate recto, acuto.

Long. 46, diam. 16 mill.

Hab. in insula Kauai, Sandwich, rarissima (Mewcomb).

3. Descriptions or SEVENTY-NINE New Species or ACHATI-

NELLA, SWAINS., A GENUS OF PuLMOoNIFEROUS MoLLusks,

IN THE COLLECTION oF HuGcuH Cumine, Esa. By W. New-

coms, M.D., Corr. Meme. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York,

Nar. Hist. Soc. MonTREAL.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXII. XXIII. XXIV.)

ACHATINELLA.

It will be necessary to slightly change the definition of this genus,

that several species clearly belonging under this head may not be

excluded. It will be seen that several new typical species are herein

described, one of which, 4. crassa, makes a near approach to Par-

‘ula; but an examination of the animal proves conclusively that it

belongs to the genus Achatinella. Several species are subumbili-

Moliusca. XL.

26,

F Reeve mp.

129

cated, and a number have a subreflected lip. The whorls of several

species are not smooth; the beautiful little group of 4. Cumingii,

A. Pfeifferii and A. plicata, so far as discovered, form the striking

exceptions. Several species are turreted, not conical. Farther re-

search, however, is necessary before a complete and satisfactory ge-

neric description can be given. The animal is provided with four

tentacula, the superior ones clubbed at the end, elongated and ocu-

lated, the inferior ones short and slightly clavate; surface of the

body covered with numerous granulations more or less strongly deve-

loped ; respiratory foramen, in dextral shells, upon the right side at

the angle of the outer lip with the body whorl, in sinistral shells, in

a corresponding position on the left side; the foot is long, narrow,

and tapering behind. They are always viviparous, and may be di-

vided into arboreal and terrestrial species. The latter are found

among leaves and decayed wood, among the crevices of rocks and in

moist places, crawling upon the ground ; the former are met with on

the bodies, limbs and foliage of various trees: their most common

resorts are on the Tutui, Ohia, and a few other species of forest

trees, and on the Hau and Ti bushes.

The natives have never fed upon the animal as far as I can learn by

careful inquiry, although the experiment has been made with almost

every marine animal inhabiting the waters of these seas. It is a

prevalent belief among the Hawaians, that the arboreal species have

the power of making a noise which they call singing ; hence the

name of Pupu Kanioe, by which they are known. The following

is said to be their vesper hymn:

Kahuli aku

Kahuli mai

Kahuli lei ula

Lei ako lea.

A free translation of which may be given as follows :

Turn away from my sight—

Nay—but turn to me now,

And a red wreath so bright,

I will weave for thy brow.

It scarcely is necessary to add, that the singing and the song are

alike imaginary.

1. AcHatinELLA Gouxpit (PI. XXII. fig. 1). A. testa conico-

ovata ; anfractibus 6, plano-convexis, ad longitudinem Striatis,

supra marginatis ; sutura subdepressa ; apertura rotundata, ovata;

columella subcallosa ; labro expanso et inferne subreflexo ; colore

flavide albo, in anfractu 3tio lineis fuscis, forme ziczac asperso,

anfr. 3 inferioribus lineamentis variis plus minusve numerosis

cinctis ; apertura et labro flavescentibus.

Long. 3; lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Wailuku, Mani.

No. CCLVI.—Procerepines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

130

Shell conically ovate ; whorls 6, flatly convex, margined above, but

slightly ; sutures slightly marked; aperture ovate; columella lightly

callous ; lip expanded and subreflected below ; colour yellowish white,

with zigzag lines of brown on the third whorl, and brown lineations

more or less numerous encircling the three lower whorls; aperture

and lip yellowish. Found on Tutui trees.

This rare and -beautiful species I take pleasure in dedicating to

Dr. A. A. Gould of Boston, who is well known as one of the most

efficient and accurate natural historians in the United States.

2. ACHATINELLA OvATA (Pl. XXII. fig. 2, 2a). A. testa dextrorsa

vel sinistrorsa, elongato-ovata; anfractibus 6, superne submargi-

natis, rotundis; sutura moderate impressa; apertura subovata,

margine nigro circumdata; columella brevi, valde plicata, con-

torta; labro incrassato et subexpanso; teste colore niveo vel flavo-

albido, cum vel sine vittis obsoletis subfuscis.

Long. x3 lat. * poll.

Hab. Kahana, Koolan, Oahu.

Shell dextral or sinistral, elongately ovate ; whorls 6, slightly mar-

gined above, rounded; suture moderately impressed ; aperture sub-

ovate, entirely margined with black ; columella short, plicate, strong

and twisted; lip thickened and slightly expanded; colour of shell

pure white or yellowish white, with or without obsolete brownish

bands above.

A very beautiful species, distinguished by its glossy black lip con-

trasting finely with the white of the shell.

3. ACHATINELLA RUFA (PI. XXII. fig. 3). A. testa conico-

ovata, solida; anfractibus 6, plano-convevis, cum striis decussatis ;

columella fortiter callosa; sutura simplici, subimpressa; um-

bilico exiguo aperto; labro expanso, inferne subreflexo; colore

fusco rubro, epidermide e fusco et albo mixta obtecto, albo in

anfractibus mediis in lineis exiguis ad formam ziczac que in

anfr. ultimo in uniusmodi umbre colorem fusco-cinereum eva-

nescunt, disposito; anfractus ultimi dimidio inferiori zona lata

alba cincto.

Long. =; lat. “ poll.

Hab. Molokai.

Shell conically ovate, solid; 6 whorls, flatly convex, with decus-

sating strie; columella strongly callous; suture plain, moderately

impressed ; umbilicus small and open ; lip expanded, and subreflected

below; ground colour brownish red, covered with an epidermis of a

mottled brown and white, the latter arranged on the central whorls

in fine zigzag markings, which are lost on the last whorl in a uni-

form greyish umber. The inferior half of the last whorl (usually)

encircled by a broad white band.

This is a very rare species, the numbers found scarcely furnishing

the materials for a description to fix or determine the permanent

characters.

131

4. ACHATINELLA FULGENS. A. testa elongato-conica, polita, ful-

gente ; anfractibus 6, plano-convewis ; sutura subimpressa ; aper-

tura ovata; columella brevi, tuberculata ; labro simplici, interne

costato ; colore teste superbe castaneo, cum fascia suturali lata,

centrum anfr. ventral. transeunte ; apice et columella albis.

Long. =; lat. = poll.

Hab. Niu, Oahu.

Shell elongately conic, polished, shining; whorls 6, flatly convex ;

suture slightly impressed; aperture ovate; columella short, tuber-

culated ; lip simple, ribbed within ; colour rich chestnut-brown, with

a broad white sutural fascia cutting the centre of the last whorl;

apex and columella white.

Var. «. White, with broad chestnut bands.

Var. 6. Chestnut-coloured above, yellowish below, with two black

and one white band; the columella dark brown ; of large size, mea-

suring 22ths by }9ths of an inch.

This last variety may upon further examination prove to be a di-

stinet species. The locality of this last is Makika Valley, “‘ Mauka

roa,” or far back in the mountain range. An examination of the

respective animals will resolve the doubt.

5. ACHATINELLA SPLENDIDA (Pl. XXII. fig. 4). A. testa sinis-

trorsa vel dextrorsa, solida; striis delicate decussatis ; anfracti-

bus 6, anfractu ultimo subinflato ; sutura modice depressa, mar-

ginata; apertura ovata; labro expanso; columella brevi, lata et

contorta ; anfractibus duobus superioribus albido et castaneo tes-

sellatis, ceteris anfr. albis nitidis, lineis vittisque multis trans-

versalibus, castaneis ornato ; linearum et vittarum margine supe-

riort integro, inferiori irregulariter serrato.

Long. 5;; lat. 5 poll.

Hab. Wailuku, Mani, on Tutui trees.

Shell sinistral or dextral, solid; whorls 6, with finely decussating

striz ; body whorl somewhat inflated; suture moderately impressed,

margined below; aperture ovate; lip expanded ; columella short, broad

and twisted ; two upper whorls tessellated with chestnut and white,

with numerous chestnut-coloured transverse lines and fillets on the

other whorls, traced on a polished white ground; markings correctly

lined superiorly, and irregularly serrated inferiorly.

Var. a. Bright chestnut banded with white, not serrated.

Var. 6. White, with numerous black transverse bands.

6. AcHATINELLA Reprievpi (Pl. XXII. fig. 5). A. testa elon-

gato-conica, sinistrorsa; anfractibus 6, supra marginatis, ad longi-

tudinem striatis; sutura bene impressa; apertura subovata ; colu-

mella fusca, plano-contorta; labro subreflexo, columella concolore ;

colore albido-flavo, infra in castaneum fuscum transeunte, sim-

plici, vel fasciis fuscis, obscure undulatis, in tertio solum anfractu

varie striato ; fascia alba suturas permeante.

Long. a ; lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Molokai and E. Mani.

132

Shell conically elongate, sinistral; whorls 6, margined above,

striated longitudinally ; suture well impressed; aperture subovate ;

columella brown, flat and twisted ; lip subreflected, of the colour of

the columella; colour of shell light fawn passing into deep chestnut,

paler above, plain or variously marked with brown bands, and obscure

undulations on the third whorl only: a white band traverses the su-

tures.

This species belongs to the native group of ‘‘ Pupu Caniohi,” or

singing snails, and it is with pleasure that we dedicate it to J. H.

Redfield, Esq., of New York. It is not an abundant species. Found

on Tutui, Ohia and Ti trees.

7. ACHATINELLA Nrivosa (Pl. XXII. fig. 6). A. testa deztrorsa,

conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ; apertura sub-

ovata ; columella brevi, infra in plicam fleruosam contorta; labro

simplici ; apice obtuso; colore supra subfusco, infra albo, striis

interruptis, longitudinalibus, viridibus vel subfuscis pulchre ornato,

cum vel sine vittis nonnullis transversis, rubris vel fuscis ; colu-

mella rosea vel albida.

Long. =; lat. -. poll.

Hab. Niu, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conical; whorls 6, rounded, margined above; su-

ture moderate; aperture subovate; columella short, twisted into

a flexuous plait inferiorly ; lip simple; apex of shell obtuse ; colour

above brownish, below pure white, ornamented with beautiful lon-

gitudinal green or brownish interrupted stripes, with or without one

om more pink-coloured or brown transverse bands; columella pink or

white. z

This beautiful species belongs to the same group with A. abbreviata

and 4. bacca.

8. ACHATINELLA MELANOSTOMA (Pl. XXII. fig. 7). A. testa

dextrorsa, solida, polita, conica; anfractibus 6, plano-conveais,

supra submarginatis ; sutura moderate impressa, nigro-vittata ;

apertura subovata; labro nigro, interne incrassato; columella

brevi, ferruginea, abrupte in plicam vel tuberositatem fortem ter-

minante ; colore flavo vel umbroso, cum vel sine lineis transversis

Suscis.

Long. =; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. Ewa, Oahu.

Shell dextral, polished, solid, conical; whorls 6, plano-convex,

slightly margined above; suture moderate, accompanied by a black

revolving band; aperture subovate; lip black, thickened within ;

columella short, brownish red, terminating abruptly in a strong plait

or tuberosity ; colour yellowish or umber, with or without transverse

brown lines.

9. ACHATINELLA CEstus (Pl. XXII. fig. 8). A. testa solida,

ventricosa, sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa, apice acuminato ; anfracti-

bus 6, rotundis, superne marginatis, penultimo tumido; apertura

133

subovata; columella brevi, valde tuberculata ; labro subexpanso,

interne incrassato ; colore apicis nigro, anfr. secundi et tertii al-

bido, 3 reliquorum albo, subflavo, nigro vel diverso, cum cingulo

albo, suturas transeunte et anfr. ventralem infra centrum se-

cante, cum vel sine fascia latiori subjacente ; interdum maculis

vel tesseris albis et nigris aut lineis undulantibus, longitudinalibus

eorundem colorum; columella castanea; labro castaneo, albo in-

sperso.

Long. a3 lat. = poll.

Hab. Palolo, Oahu.

Shell solid, ventricose, sinistral or dextral, pointed at the summit ;

whorls 6, rounded, corded above, last one tumid ; aperture subovate ;

columella short, strongly tuberculate ; lip slightly expanded, thick-

ened within ; colour of tip black, second and third whorls white, three

last white, yellowish, or black or mixed, with a white cincture tra-

versing the sutures and cutting the body whorl below the centre,

with or without a broader band below, sometimes with blotches or

tessellations of black and white or longitudinal undulating lines of the

same colours ; columella chestnut; lip same colour, interrupted with

white.

A fine shell, approaching A. similans of Reeve, which it resembles

in form, but from which it differs strikingly in its markings.

10. AcuatrneLia Swirti (Pl. XXII. fig. 9, 9a). A. testa

ventricosa, apice acuminato, polita, nitente ; anfractibus 6, su-

perne subrotundis, ultimo valde inflato, superne conspicue margi-

nato; labro purpureo-roseo, crasso et subinflato ; apertura ovata ;

columella brevi, in tuberculum purpureo-roseum terminante ;

anfr. 3 primis albis, inferioribus cum lineis numerosis longitu-

dinalibus delicatissimis nigris et albis signatis, teste colorem

cinereum impertientibus ; lineis exiguis albidis obsoletis trans-

verse testam transeuntibus ; anfr. 2 ultimis linea suturali alba

signatis.

Long. x3 lat. a poll.

Hab. District of Ewa.

Shell ventricose, pointed at the apex, smooth, polished, shining ;

whorls 6, slightly rounded above, the last strongly inflated, distinctly

margined above; lip purplish rose, thick and slightly subreflected ;

aperture ovate ; columella short, terminating in a tubercle of the

colour of the lip; three first whorls white, the lower with very fine

and numerous markings of black and white arranged longitudinally

to the shell, giving it a greyish aspect: fine obsolete white lines tra-

verse the shell transversely, and a white sutural line is traced on the

last two whorls.

Var. a. With a broad fascia cutting the body whorl.

Var. 8. Yellowish ground colour, with few markings.

This species approaches 4. turgida, but is distinct in appearance,

locality and habits.

134

11. ACHATINELLA TURGIDA (Pl. XXII. fig. 10, 10a). A. testa

ventricosa, apice acuminato, sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa, levi, po-

lita; anfr. 4 graduatim, 2 ultimis rapide increscentibus ; sutura

subimpressa, infra depressione lineari; apertura subovata ; colu-

mella brevi, in tuberculum conicum, in aperturam projicientem ter-

minante ; labro exteriori simplici, interne incrassato, sicut tuber-

culo subroseo vel fusco tincto’; faucibus albis ; colore variante,

albo, flavo vel nigro, lineis ziczac longitudinalibus, vittis trans-

versis vel maculis ornato.

Long. a3 lat. 5 poll.

Hab. Ewa, Oahu.

Shell ventricose, pointed at the apex, sinistral or dextral, smooth,

polished, gradually enlarging for four turns and then very rapidly,

the last two forming most of the shell; suture slightly impressed,

beneath which revolves a linear depression ; aperture subovate ; colu-

mella short, terminating in a strong conical tubercle projecting into

the aperture; outer lip simple, thickened within, slightly tinged with

pink or brown ; tubercle the same ; fauces white ; colouring extremely

various, ground white, yellow or black, with (or without) longitudinal

zigzag lines, transverse bands or blotches covering the surface.

Approaches the A. ¢ristis of Férussae found at Waianoe.

12. ACHATINELLA CYLINDRICA (Pl. XXII. fig. 11). A. testa

dextrorsa, elongato-cylindrica, pyramidis instar ad apicem decur-

rente ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; colu-

mella in dentem flecuosum terminante ; teste superficie ad longi-

tudinem fortiter striata, subfusca, vittis numerosis fuscis, angustis

circumdata.

Long. a3 lat. = poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell dextral, elongately cylindrical, tapering to a point at the

summit ; whorls 7, slightly rounded ; suture moderate ; aperture ob-

long-ovate ; columella terminating in a flexuous tooth; surface of

shell longitudinally strongly striate, of a light horn colour, encircled

by numerous narrow brown bands.

This species, with the following, are found, like their nearest ana-

logues, on the ground ; viz. 4. porphyrea and spirizona, which latter

species, by almost insensible gradations, passes into the A. turritella,

a shell apparently of quite a different type.

13. AcHaTINELLA casta (Pl. XXII. fig. 12). A. testa conico-

elongata, solida, polita, nitida, dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa; anfracti-

bus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ; apertura subovata, breviuscula ;

labro simplici, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, cum dente for-

titer plicato; colore albido vel luteo, vittis transversis variis ni-

gris, fuscis, roseis vel albidis diverse dispositis.

Long. =; lat. ee poll.

Hab. Ewa, Oahu.

135

Shell conically elongate, solid, polished, shining, dextral or sinis-

tral; whorls 6, rounded, margined above ; aperture subovate, rather

small; lip simple, thickened within ; columella short, with a strong

plaited brownish tooth; colour white or yellow, with extremely va-

riable transverse bands of black, brown, pink or white, variously

arranged.

This species is readily distinguished from any yet described. Its

northern limit is the valley below Mouna Rua, and half a dozen ra-

vines, south, in the district of Ewa.

14, ACHATINELLA INTERMEDIA (Pl. XXII. fig. 13). A. testa

dextrorsa, subcylindrica; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura pro-

funda ; apertura parva, subovata ; columella plica flexuosa exigua

ornata ; labro acuto; striis longitudinalibus, numerosis, bene ex-

pressis, colore uniusmodi betico, versus suturas pallescente, in-

terne subceruleo vel cinereo ; columella ceruleo-albida.

Long. x3 lat. rm poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell dextral, subcylindrical; whorls 7, rounded; suture rather

deep ; aperture small, subovate’; columella with a small flexuous

plait; lip acute; strie numerous, well-developed, and longitudinal

to the shell; colour uniform dark brown, usually lighter at the su-

tures, interiorly of a bluish white or slate colour; columella bluish

white.

This shell is intermediate between 4. cylindrica and the more cy-

lindrical forms of 4. spirizona.

15. ACHATINELLA vioLacea (Pl. XXII. fig. 14). A. testa dex-

trorsa, ovato-oblonga, solida; anfractibus conveais, ad longitudi-

nem fortiter striatis ; sutura simplici et valde depressa ; apertura

ovata; columella brevi, in plicam albam, contortam desinente ;

labio simplici ; colore passim violaceo.

- Long. =; lat. 5 poll.

Hab. Molokai.

Shell dextral, ovately-oblong, solid; suture plain and deeply im-

pressed; aperture ovate; columella short, terminating in a white

twisted plait. lip simple; colour violaceous suffused with white.

16. ACHATINELLA SANGUINEA (PI.XXII. fig. 15). 4. testa acu-

minato-oblonga ; anfractibus 7, infra convexis, supra plano-con-

vexis; sutura distincte expressa; apertura subovata; columella

dente plicato, contorto ornata; labro simplici ; colore teste roseo

in sanguineum transeunte, lineationibus nigris, catenationes et signa

ziczac in anfr. 3 inferioribus formantibus, dense obtecto ; testa

superne epidermide denudata ; apice mammillato nigro.

Long. a3 lat. = poll.

Hab. Lehui, Oahu.

Shell acuminately oblong; whorls 7, convex below, plano-convex

above ; suture distinctly marked ; aperture subovate ; columella

136

armed with a twisted plicate tooth ; lip simple; colour of shell from

roseate to sanguineous, thickly covered with black lineations, form-

ing chain-work and zigzag markings on the three lower whorls; de-

nuded of epidermis above ; apex mammillate and black.

17, ACHATINELLA porPHyREA (PI. XXII. fig. 16). 4. testa so-

lidiuscula, acuminato-conica ; anfractibus 7, superne subcarinatis,

non marginatis, plano-convexis ; sutura valde impressa ; apertura

subovata, infra contracta; labro tenui; columella brevi, in pli-

cam contortam terminante ; epidermide tenui et nigra; striis lon-

gitudinalibus, fortibus ; colore sub epidermide plumbeo, lineis nu-

merosis fuscis, transversis testam circumambientibus.

Long. x3 lat. x poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell rather solid, acuminately conical; whorls 7, subcarinated

above, plano-convex ; suture deeply impressed ; aperture subovate,

contracted below ; lip thin; columella short, terminating in a twisted

plait ;_ epidermis thin and black ; strize longitudinal and strong ;

colour beneath epidermis of a leaden hue, with numerous transverse

brown lines encircling the shell.

This species belongs to the same group with 4. spirizona, Fér.,

A. cylindrica and A. intermedia, Nob., but which are quite distinct

in specific characters. They are all terrestrial, not arboreal spe-

cies.

18. ACHATINELLA GIGANTEA (Pl. XXII. fig. 17). A. testa dex-

trorsa, elongato-ovata, apice acuminato ; anfractibus 7, fortiter

striatis, anfractu ultimo superne, penultimo inferne subcarinato ;

apertura ovali ; columella subarcuata, interne in levem callum ter-

minante, externe continuata, cum labro externo juncta ; labro in-

terno callo crasso, striato; labro externo plano; sutura pro-

Sunda ; striis longitudinalibus ; colore externe subplumbeo et in-

terne sublilaceo.

Long. 13; lat. 5 poll.

Hab. Hale a Ka la, Mani.

Shell dextral, elongate-ovate, apex pointed; whorls 7, strongly

striate, slightly carinated superiorly on the last whorl, inferiorly on

the penultimate ; columella slightly arched, terminating internally in

a slight callosity, externally continued to unite with the outer lip ;

columellar lip with a strong deposit spread over its surface; outer

lip simple ; suture deep ; striz longitudinal ; colour light plumbeous

externally, internally pale lilac.

This species, the largest yet described, belongs to the same group

with 4. violacea, from Molokai, and A. Baldwinii, from Ranai, all

of which are described in this communication.

19. ACHATINELLA suBVIRENS (Pl. XXII. fig. 18). A. testa co-

nico-ovata ; anfractibus 6, rotundis et superne marginatis ; sutura

distincta, albida ; apertura ovata, infra expansa; labro incras-.

137

sato; columella brevi, plana et oblique truncata; colore epider-

midis subvirente, colore pallidiore ad longitudinem intersperso,

columella, labri et aperture albo.

Long. >; lat. £ poll.

Hab. Niu, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate; whorls 6, rounded and margined above ;

suture distinct and lined with white; aperture ovate, expanding be-

low ; lip thickened; columella short, flat and obliquely truncated ;

colour of epidermis light green, interspersed with a lighter shade

arranged longitudinally ; columella, lip and aperture white.

Var. a. Pure white.

Var. 8. Brown or chestnut replacing the green colour.

Through var. a this species approaches a variety of 4. rutila, and

through var. 6, 4. decipiens. It is readily distinguished from the

first by its smaller size, greater solidity, stronger strize and more

elongate form ; from the latter by its less acuminate form, white su-

ture, less solidity, and their widely-separated localities.

20. ACHATINELLA AMPLA (PI. XXII. fig. 19). A. testa deztrorsa,

conico-ovata, polita; anfractibus 5, rotundis; sutura simplici,

vitta nigra fasciolata; apertura magna, albida; labro externo

simplici, acuto, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, alba vel ro-

sea; epidermide supra subviridi vel olivacea, in anfractu ultimo

subfusca.

Long. ani lat. > poll.

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conically ovate, polished ; whorls 5, rounded ; su-

ture simple, banded with a black stripe ; aperture large and white ;

outer lip simple, acute, thickened within ; columella short, white or

roseate, terminating in a twisted plait; apex obtuse, roseate; epi-

dermis light green or olive above, of a deeper colour on the last

whorl.

21. AcnatTineLLa Apamstt (PI. XXII. fig. 20). A. testa dew-

trorsa, conico-acuminata; anfractibus 6, cum striis transversalibus

exiguis, longitudinalibus fortibus ; sutura valde depressa ; labro

expanso ; columella in plicam solidam, abrupte tortam desinente ;

teste lamina interna coloris plumbei, externa obscuri castanet,

irregulariter albido punctata et striata.

Long. 3 lat. s poll.

Hab. E. Mani, at the root of ferns.

Shell dextral, conically acuminate, whorls 6, finely striated trans-

versely, roughly striated longitudinally ; suture deeply impressed ; lip

expanded ; columella terminating in a strong abruptly twisted plait ;

interior of shell of a leaden blue colour, exterior dark chestnut, irre-

gularly mottled and striped with white.

This species makes the nearest approach in form to A. perdix of

Reeve, an immature specimen of which is figured in his Monograph,

fig. 43. The locality of this latter species is the almost inaccessible

138

ravines of the mountainous districts around Lahania, W. Mani. The

A. perdiz is arboreal, and the 4. Adamsii terrestrial in its habits.

The species is dedicated to Professor C. B. Adams, of Amherst

College, Mass.

22. ACHATINELLA RUTILA (Pl. XXII. fig. 21). A. testa ovata,

conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, ultimo superne marginato ; sutura

bene impressa; apertura subquadrata ; labro expanso, subreflexo,

interne valde incrassato; columella brevi, in plicam robustam,

contortam terminante ; colore substramineo pallido, olivaceo vel

Susco ; labro albo vel subroseo.

Long. pe lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Niu, Oahu.

Shell ovately conic ; whorls 6, rounded, the last margined above ;

suture well-marked; aperture subquadrate; lip expanded, subre-

flected, strongly thickened within ; columella short, terminating in a

strong twisted plait ; colour a light straw, olive or brown.

23. ACHATINELLA RUGOSA (Pl. XXII. fig. 22, 22a). A. testa dex-

trorsa, conica, fulgente; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ;

sutura bene impressa; labro expanso, versus marginem ferrugineo

et incrassato ; columella albida, brevi, plicata, callo forti supra

umbilicum eapanso ; apertura subrhomboidali ; striis numerosis lon-

gitudinalibus et in anfractu ultimo rugosis ; colore epidermidis pra-

sino interdum umbrosi instar pallidi vel fusci, coloribus simul cum

striis alternantibus cum vel sine vittis transversis subviridibus.

Long. a lat. - poll.

Hab. Ewa, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conical, glossy ; whorls 6, rounded, margined above ;

suture well-impressed ; lip expanded, of a reddish brown at the mar-

gin, thickened near the edge; columella white, short, twisted, and

with a strong callus spread over the umbilicus; aperture subrhom-

boidal ; strize longitudinal, numerous, and on the last whorl rugose ;

colour of epidermis of a deep green, a light or dark umber, some-

times alternating and arranged with the strize, with or without pale

green transverse lines.

24. ACHATINELLA MULTILINEATA (Pl. XXII. fig. 23). A. testa

dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, solida, conico-elongata; anfractibus 6, ro-

tundis, supra marginatis ; labro infra eapanso et subreflexo, supra

acuto et interne adaucto ; columella brevi robusta, subplicata cum

callo umbilicum obtegente et pane claudente ; apertura oblongo-

ovata ; colore columella, labri et suture albo, interdum flavido in-

terstincto; testa alba, cum vel sine Fasciis et lineis numerosis trans-

versis, ferrugineis.

Long. s; lat. x poll.

Hab. Kolau poco, Oahu.

Shell dextral or sinistral, solid, elongately conical, whorls 6,

rounded, margined above ; lip expanded below and slightly subre-

# dK ER

eat

Proc. 4.5. Moltusca, Xue

George Sowerby, hth

139

flected, above acute and thickened within; columella short, stout,

slightly twisted, with a callus spread over and nearly closing the um-

bilicus; aperture oblong-ovate ; colour of columella, lip and suture

white, sometimes tinged with yellow; shell white, with or without

numerous transverse lines of a brown or black colour. ,

This species makes a near approach to 4. mustelina of Mighels,

but is more elongate in form, with the lineations much stronger, and

never passes into the variety of mustelina with the depressed spire

and obese body whorl. The locality is also different, which is always

worthy of particular remark in examining the shells of this genus.

25. ACHATINELLA GuaBRa (Pl. XXII. fig. 25). A. testa conico-

ovata, fulgente ; anfractibus 6, interdum inflatis, supra margina-

tis; sutura bene expressa; apertura ovata; labro subreflexo, e nigro

fusco margine nigro, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, robusta,

expansa, in plicam contortam desinente ; colore argillaceo-ceruleo

vel plumbeo, pallidiore in anfractuum parte superiore, interdum

Sasciis transversis albidis vel castaneis.

Long. Z; lat. uz poll.

Hab. Kolau poko.

Shell conically ovate, glossy ; whorls 6, somewhat inflated, mar-

gined above; suture well-marked ; aperture ovate; lip slightly sub-

reflected, dark brown edged with black, thickened within ; columella

short, robust, expanded, and terminating in a twisted plait ; colour

bluish slate, much lighter on the upper portion of the whorls ; some-

times transversely banded with white or chestnut.

26. ACHATINELLA TESSELLATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 26). A. testa

sinistrorsa, oblongo-ovata, solida; anfractibus 6, convexis, ultimo

paulum inflato, superficie minutissime decussata ; colore albido-

flavescente, vittis transversis nigris vel castaneis diverse striato,

aut non; anfractibus superioribus semper nigro et albido tessella-

tis ; apertura alba vel rosea, ovata, infra effusa ; columella brevi

et late callosa.

Long. =; lat. >, poll.

Hab. Molokai.

Shell sinistral, oblong-ovate, solid; whorls 6, convex, the last some-

what inflated ; white or fawn-coloured ground, very finely shagreened,

plain, or variously striped with transverse black or chestnut bands ;

the upper whorls always tessellated black and white ; aperture white

or roseate, ovate, effuse below; columella short and broadly callous ;

lip expanded, thickened within and semireflected; animal light

grey, tentacles black, mantle slate-colour.

Found at Kalai on Tutui trees, and on the broad leaf of the Ti.

Has some resemblance to virgulata, Mighels, but the tessellated

top at once distinguishes it.

27. ACHATINELLA SorDIDA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 27). A. testa elon-

gato-conica, solida ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis, supra marginatis ;

apertura parva, leviter contracta; labro infra subreflexo, supra

acuto ; interne incrassato ; columella brevi, subplicata, cum callo

140

expanso, umbilicum parvum, parum profundum partim obtegente ;

colore variabili, albido, striis vel vittis fuscis et nigris transversis

diverse lineato.

Long. a3 lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Lettui, Oahu.

Shell elongately conical, solid; whorls 7, slightly rounded, mar-

gined above ; aperture small, somewhat contracted ; lip subreflected

below, acute above, thickened within; columella short, slightly twisted,

with an expanded callus partially covering a shallow small umbilicus;

colour variable; ground white variously banded and striped trans-

versely with brown or black.

This species, like the 4. multilineata, is drawn from the group of

A. mustelina, the variations in character, with different localities and

a peculiarity of habits in each, demanding their separation.

28. ACHATINELLA rumosa (Pl. XXIII. fig. 28). A. testa cylin-

drica, ovata, perobscure cornea, tenui, nitente; anfractibus 7,

plano-conveais ; sutura subimpressa ; striis longitudinalibus, bene

eapressis, numerosis ; apertura ovata; labro simplici, albido-fim-

briato ; columella brevi cum dente lamellari albo, vitta fusco-nigra

cum altera rubicunda subjacente anfractus infra suturas permeante.

Long. =; lat. = poll.

Hab. Manoa, Oahu.

Shell cylindrically ovate, very dark, corneous, thin, shining; whorls

7, plano-convex ; suture slightly impressed ; striz numerous, longi-

tudinal, and strongly developed ; aperture ovate; lip simple, edged

with white’; columella short, with a lamelliform white tooth. A dark

brown band, accompanied by an obsolete reddish one below, traverses

the whorls beneath the suture.

29. ACHATINELLA LINEOLATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 29). A. testa elon-

gata, turriformi ; anfractibus 6, ventricosis, nitidis ; sutura sim-

plici ; apertura ovata; columella dente obliquo, plicato munita; co-

lore epidermidis luteolo, in anfr. ultimo lineis ziczac brevibus coloris

umbrosi ad longitudinem dense signato.

Long. a3 lat. & poll.

Hab. Hawaii.

Shell elongate, turreted; whorls 6, rounded, polished, shining ;

suture simple; aperture ovate; columella with an oblique plaited

tooth ; colour of epidermis yellowish ; on the last whorl thickly lined

longitudinally with umber-coloured markings.

The large island of Hawaii has yielded to our explorations but

three species, all of which are herein described.

30. ACHATINELLA NiTIDA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 30). A. testa tenui,

levi, subcornea, nitida, pellucida, ovato-conica; anfractibus 6, ven-

tricosis, supra marginatis ; apertura ovata ; labro subcrasso ; colu-

mella in pliculam obliquam, contortam, albidam desinente.

Long. =; lat. = poll.

Hab. EB. Mani.

141

Shell light corneous, shining, pellucid, conical, thin ; whorls 6,

rounded ; aperture oyate; lip slightly thickened; columella termi-

nating in a twisted oblique white plait.

31. ACHATINELLA CRASSILABRUM (Pl. XXIII. fig. 31). A. testa

dextrorsa, conico-ovata, apice acuminato, infra ventricosa, soli-

diori ; anfractibus 6, rotundis ; apertura ovata ; labro intus valde

incrassato; columella brevi, in plicam brevem, obliquam termi-

nante ; striis longitudinalibus fortibus ; superficie anfractus ultimi

sepe cicatricibus notata ; colore anfractus ultimi subflavo-albido,

anfractuum reliquorum fusco vel nigro.

Long. 3 lat. S. poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate, pointed at the apex, ventricose below, rather

solid; whorls 6, rounded; aperture ovate ; lip very much thickened”

within ; columella short, terminating in a strong oblique plait ; Jon-

gitudinal strie strong, surface of the last whorl often marked with

cicatrices ; body whorl yellowish white, other whorls dark brown or

black.

32. ACHATINELLA CORNEA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 32). 4. testa in-

equali, acuta, conica, apice acuminato, tenui, corneo ; striis longi-

tudinalibus minutis ; anfractibus 7, rotundis, ultimo inflato ; aper-

tura subovata; labro tenui, translucido; columella recta, alba et

dente plicato, transverso munita ; colore teste ubique fusco-corneo,

columelle et dentis albido.

Long. ;;; lat. poll.

Hab. 4

Shell irregularly acutely conical; the apex pointed ; last whorl in-

flated; thin, corneous, with minute longitudinal striz; whorls 7,

rounded; aperture subovate ; lip thin, translucent; columella straight,

white and armed with a transverse plaited tooth; colour uniform

dark horn; columella and tooth white.

33. AcHATINELLA LABIATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 33). A. testa elon-

gato-conica ; anfractibus 7, fere planis, supra paullo marginatis ;

sutura modice impressa; apertura elongato-ovata; labro incrassato,

albido, cum callo interno centrali; columella brevi, dente proji-

ciente, valde plicato munita; colore externe corneo-pallido.

Long. x3 lat. 4 poll.

Hab. Lehui, Oahu.

Shell elongately conical; whorls 7, flattened, slightly margined

above ; aperture elongately ovate ; lip thickened, white, with a cen-

tral internal callus; columella short, with a strong plaited projecting

tooth ; colour of epidermis light corneous.

Var. a. With the lower third of the last whorl dark brown.

This species forms a new type of the genus; characterized by the

white auricular-formed aperture. It is terrestrial, and not arboreal in

its habits.

142

34, AcHATINELLA vITREA (PI. XXIII. fig. 34). A. testa conico-

ovata, tenui, nitida, pellucida; anfractibus 7, rotundis, supra,

prope suturam, obscure marginatis; striis fortibus prope suturam,

distinctis in testa; apertura elongata, subovata; labro simplici,

interne subincrassato, infra contracto ; columella brevissima, in

plicam contortam terminante ; colore corneo, speciem luteam vel

roseam accipiente ; sutura vitta lata, nigra signata.

Long. ao lat. s poll.

Hab. Manoa, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate, thin, shining, diaphanous ; whorls 7, rounded,

indistinctly margined above, very near the suture ; striz strong near

the suture, distinct over the shell; aperture elongately subovate ; lip

simple, slightly thickened within, contracted below; columella very

short, terminating in a twisted plait; colour corneous, with a yellowish

or pinkish tinge ; suture marked by a broad black band.

This is an extremely beautiful species. Its locality is near the sum-

mit of the mountain ridge dividing Manoa from Palolo valley.

35. ACHATINELLA AFFINIS (Pl. XXIII. fig. 35). A. testa acute

conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, non marginatis ; sutura bene im-

pressa ; apertura ovata ; labro tenui; columella dente lamellari,

albo, plicato munita ; colore albo, roseo vel rubro-flavo cum vestigiis

epidermidis fusco-nigre ; anfractu ultimo superioribus pallidiore.

Long. =3 lat. 4 poll.

Hab. Kula, E. Mani.

Shell acutely conical; whorls 6, rounded, not margined; suture well-

impressed ; aperture ovate ; lip thin; columella with a white lamellar

twisted tooth ; colour white, roseate or salmon, with traces of a dark

brown epidermis ; last whorl lighter-coloured than the upper ones.

This species belongs to a group of which the following are asso-

ciated, viz. 4. modesta, Adams, from Molokai, 4. mucronata, A. pu-

poidea, A. Mastersi, A. assimilis and A. flavida. To the same group

may be referred 4. rubens, Gould, A. decepta, Adams, and 4. nubi-

losa, Mighels.

36. ACHATINELLA acuTa (Pl. XXIII. fig. 36). A. testa acute tur-

riformi, sinistrorsa ; anfractibus 7, ventricosis ; sutura profunda;

columella plicata; apertura ovata; labro simplici; striis numerosis

longitudinalibus et bene notatis; colore epidermidis fusco.

Long. a lat. 8 poll.

Hab. Lehui, Oahu.

Shell acutely turreted, sinistral ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture deep ;

strie numerous, longitudinal and well-defined; aperture ovate ; lip

simple ; columella plicate ; colour of epidermis brown.

But a solitary specimen of this shell has been found; but its cha-

racters are clearly marked, and no described species resembles it in

form.

37. ACHATINELLA PoLiTA (Pl. XXIII. fig.37). A. testa detrorsa,

nitida ; anfractibus 5, convexis, supra marginatis ; sutura bene

143

definita ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella fortiter tuberculata,

extremitate purpurea ; labro simplici ; colore luteo ; apertura in-

terne alba vel nigro-purpurea; anfr. superioribus partim notis

coloris umbrosi obscure signatis ; sutura cum vel sine vitta nigra.

Long. x3 lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Molokai.

Shell dextral, polished ; whorls 5, convex, margined above ; suture

well-defined ; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella strongly tuberculate,

with purple tip ; lip simple; colour yellow, upper whorls tinged with

umber ; sutures with or without a black band ; aperture within white

or dark purple.

This species shows two varieties with and without the sutural

band. The aperture of the first is purple within, of the second a pure

white.

38. ACHATINELLA soror (PI. XXIII. fig. 38). A. testa sini-

strorsa, conica, turritiformi ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura valde

impressa; apertura subovata, parva; labro simplici; columella bre-

vissima, in dentem contortum, plicatum terminante ; epidermide

tenui, supra fusco-cornea et infra pallido-cornea.

Long. 3 lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Mani.

Shell sinistral, conically turreted ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture deeply

impressed ; aperture subovate, small; lip simple ; columella very

short, terminating in a twisted plicate tooth ; epidermis thin, dark

corneous above and light corneous below.

Var. a. Last whorl white, shell solid.

Length 2; breadth = inch.

20?

Var. 3. Shell thin, dark corneous, polished.

Length “; breadth = inch.

203

This species is the complete analogue of A. acuta found in Oahu ;

it has a more ventricose aspect, and the striae are more developed in

the A. acuta.

39. AcHATINELLA oBeEsa (Pl. XXIII. fig. 39, 39a). A. testa

depressa, conica, solida, inflata ; anfractibus 5, ventricosis, striatis ;

sutura bene definita ; apice acuto ; apertura ovata ; columella plica

forti, alba munita; labro intus incrassato; epidermide coloris um-

brosi; apertura alba. ’

Long. = lat. S poll.

Hab. Hale a ka la, Mani.

Shell depressed, conical, solid, inflated ; whorls 5, rounded, striate ;

suture well-marked; apex acute; aperture ovate ; columella with a

strong white plait; lip thickened within ; colour of epidermis dark

umber ; aperture white.

Var. agglutinans.

Shell somewhat carinated on the last two whorls, with the keel ex-

tended by agglutinations, giving it a pagoda-like form.

144

This is the most depressed of the genus, but distinctly preserves the

generic characters, and in the variety exhibits a habit in land shells,

found, perhaps, only in Helicina agglutinans of Sowerby.

40. ACHATINELLA TEREBRA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 40). A. testa tur-

rita; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis, ultimo subinflato ;

sutura bene impressa ; apertura elongato-ovata ; labro subreflexo,

interne adaucto; columella brevi, in plicam prominentem, contortam

terminante ; striis decussantibus ; colore melleo cum signis undu-

lantibus fuscis, pene obsoletis in anfr. superioribus ; labro, aper-

tura et columella niveis.

Long. x; lat. 5 poll.

Hab. W. Mani.

Shell turreted; whorls 6, rounded, last one inflated, margined above;

suture well-impressed ; aperture elongate-ovate ; lip slightly reflected,

thickened within ; columella short, terminating in a prominent twisted

plait ; striee decussating ; colour light yellow, with wave-like brown-

coloured markings, nearly obsolete on the upper whorls; lip, colu-

mella and aperture white.

41, ACHATINELLA MELANOsIs (Pl. XXIII. fig. 41). A. testa dex-

trorsa, tenui, depressa, conica; apice acuto; anfractibus 5, rotundis,

ultimo inflato ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura subrotunda ; labro

simplici, tenui ; columella recta, alba et in plicam valde obliquam

terminante ; colore nigro.

Long. =; lat. = poll.

Hab. Hawaii.

Shell dextral, thin, conically depressed; apex acute; whorls 5,

rounded, the last inflated; suture well-impressed; aperture subrotund ;

lip simple, thin ; columella straight, white, and terminating in a very

oblique plait ; colour black.

42. ACHATINELLA PupoIDEA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 42). A. testa dex-

trorsa, elongata ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura profunda ; aper-

tura parva, subovata; labro simplici; columella brevi, subden-

tata ; epidermide tenui, pallide fusca; colore anfr. ventral. albo,

trium superiorum subroseo et reliquorum plumbeo : linee fusce zic-

zac interdum reperiuntur in partibus superioribus anfractuum in-

Seriorum.

Long. ==; lat. 5 poll.

Hab. EK. Mani.

Shell dextral, cylindrically elongate; whorls 7, rounded; suture deep;

aperture small, subovate; lip simple; columella short, lightly toothed;

epidermis thin, of a light brown, beneath which the body whorl is

white, the three above pinkish, and the others leaden: brown zigzag

undulations are sometimes found on the upper portions of the lower

whorls.

43. ACHATINELLA CuRTA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 43). A. testa conica,

sinistra, polita; anfractibus 5, rotundis, supra marginatis, ulti-

145

mis valde ventricosis; apertura ovata; labro simplici, interne

leviter incrassato ; columella brevi, in callum abrupte terminante ;

sutura leviter impressa; coloré luteo vel castaneo, unicolori vel

cum fascia suturali nigra, rare duabus vel pluribus anfr. 2 ulti-

mis impositis ; columella albida vel subfusca.

Long. ~; lat. 5 poll.

20? 20

Hab. Waialua, Oahu.

Shell conical, sinistral, polished; whorls 5, rounded, margined

above, the last very ventricose ; aperture ovate; lip simple, slightly

thickened within ; columella short, with an abrupt callous termina-

tion ; suture but slightly impressed ; colour yellow or chestnut, plain

or with a black sutural band, rarely with two or more on the last two

whorls ; columella white or light brown.

The rounded whorls and obese appearance of this shell are strikingly

characteristic. It is a rare species and extremely limited in its range.

44, AcHATINELLA Fusca (Pl. XXIII. fig. 44). A. testa tenui,

cylindrico-elongata; anfractibus 5, fere planis; sutura lineart, sub-

impressa ; apertura ovata; striis longitudinalibus bene expressis ;

colore fusco; sutura infra marginem inferiorem fasciola coloris

cornet circumeincta; anfr. ultimi dimidio inferiori corneo.

Long. a5 lat. a poll.

Hab. Manoa, Oahu.

Shell thin, cylindrically elongate; whorls 5, nearly flat ; suture

linear, slightly impressed ; aperture ovate ; lip acute ; columella den-

tated within ; longitudinal striz strongly developed ; colour brown,

with a narrow horn-coloured band revolving below each suture ; lower

half of the last whorl horn-coloured.

This small species is not arboreal in its habits, and is found among

the decaying leaves of the Tutui, near the base of the mountain at the

head of Manoa valley.

45. AcwaTiInetia RECTA (Pl. XXIII. fig.45). A. testa plerumque

dextrorsa, solida, pyramidali ; anfractibus 6, subrotundis, superne

marginatis ; sutura leviter impressa; apertura subovata; labro

simplici, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, torta et cum labro

interiori coalescente ; colore vario, plerumque flavo, unicolori vel

vitiis 2 nigris in anfr. ultimo ornato, quarum una in apertura de-

currente, altera suturam appropinquante.

Long. x3 lat. Z poll.

Hab. Waialua, Oahu.

Shell usually dextral, solid, pyramidal; whorls 6, but slightly

rounded, margined above ; suture slightly impressed ; aperture sub-

ovate; lip simple, thickened within; columella short, twisting to

unite with the inner lip; colour various, usually yellow, plain, or

with two black bands on the last whorl, one of which is lost in the

aperture, the other becomes sutural. ?

The shell above described is peculiar for its solidity and rigid

aspect. It possesses none of the graceful curves which give to this

No. CCLVII.—Proceepin6s or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

146

genus so much of its beauty. The largest size yet discovered is given

in the measurement.

46. ACHATINELLA GRANA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 46). A. testa elongato-

conica, cornea; anfractibus 6, ventricosis, submarginatis ; aper-

tura oblongo-ovata ; labro subincrassato ; sutura valde impressa ;

columella plica albida, in apertura profunde immersa munita.

Long. a3 lat. ZS poll.

Hab. Mani.

Shell elongately conic, corneous ; whorls 6, rounded, faintly mar-

gined ; aperture oblong-ovate ; lip slightly thickened, white; colu-

mella with a white plait deep in the aperture.

47, ACHATINELLA PORCELLANA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 47). A. testa

solidiori, conica, polita, fulgente ; anfractibus 5, rotundis, superne

marginatis ; apertura ovata; labro expanso, margine tenui, in-

terne incrassato ; columella brevi, tuberculari ; colore albo porcel-

laneo, cum vitta flavo-fusca, pallida anfractum singulum circum-

ambiente, quarum bine in anfr. ultimo.

Long. x3 lat. poll.

Hab. EK. Mani.

Shell rather solid, conical, polished, shining; whorls 5, rounded,

margined above; aperture ovate; lip expanded, thin at the margin,

thickened within; columella short, tubercular; colour of a porcelain

whiteness, with a light fawn-coloured band encircling each whorl, the

last whorl having two.

48. ACHATINELLA VENULATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 48, 48a). A. testa

dextrorsa, elongato-conica; anfractibus 7, convexis, superne sub-

marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura subovata ; labro sim-

plici, interne adaucto ; columella fortiter plicata, contorta, colore

subroseo suffuso ; colore albido vel albido-roseo cum venis longi-

tudinalibus viridibus vel olivaceis, ex epidermide formatis.

Long. =; lat. 3° poll.

3° 20?

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell dextral, elongately conic ; whorls 7, convex, slightly margined

above; suture well-impressed ; aperture subovate ; lip simple, thick-

ened within; columella strongly plicate, twisted, of a pinkish hue ;

colour of shell white, or pinkish white, with longitudinal veins of

green or olive-green epidermal matter.

Var. a. Sinistral, with a deep black sutural band.

49. ACHATINELLA MucRONATA (PI. XXIII. fig. 49). A. testa

elongato-ovata ; anfractibus 6, ventricosis ; sutura superne sub-

impressa, profunda ad juncturam anfr. ultimi; apertura parva,

ovata; labro simplici; columella contoria, plicata ; anfractu ultimo

contracto et epidermide densa fusco-nigra tecto; testa reliqua alba,

signis mucronatis, numerosis, fuscis ornata.

Long. 3 lat. 3 poll.

Hab. Mani.

147

Shell elongate-ovate; whorls 6, rounded; suture above lightly

impressed, becoming deep at the junction of the last whorl; aper-

ture small, ovate; lip simple; columella with a twisted plait; the

last whorl contracted and covered with a dense black epidermis; the

superior whorls white, with numerous arrow-headed brown markings. «

This shell is intermediate between 4. modesta of Adams, a Molokai

species, and 4. assimilis, the following species.

50. AcHATINELLA Jounsont (Pl. XXIII. fig. 50). A. testa dex-

trorsa, elongato-conica ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis, superne leviter

submarginatis ; sutura profunda; apertura subovata ; columella

valde plicata, rosea, margine nigro; colore teste albo vel roseo cum

lineis nigris 2 aut pluribus, quarum una vel duo centralibus, una

suturali et altera plerumque ampliori infra anfr. ultimum.

Long. 3 lat. a poll.

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conically elongate ; whorls 7, slightly rounded, supe-

viorly indistinctly margined ; suture rather deep ; aperture subovate ;

columella with a strong plication, pink, margined with black ; colour

of shell white or pinkish, banded with two or more narrow black lines,

one or two of which are central, one sutural, and one usually broader

inferiorly on the last whorl.

Thefollowing form an allied group :—<. producta, hybrida, aplustre,

venulata and Johnsont.

This species is dedicated to the Rev. Mr. Johnson, of Kawai, whose

assistance in my researches I most thankfully acknowledge.

51. ACHATINELLA APLUSTRE (Pl. XXIII. fig. 51). A. testa co-

nica, dextrorsa ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura leviter impressa,

simplici ; apertura semiovata ; labro tenui; columella callosa, in

plicam tortam terminante, colore albo-ceruleo, apice fusco ; anfr.

3 primis spiralibus albidis, reliquis vitta ampla, centrali coloris

rosei et fasciis binis nigris, marginalibus ornatis ; anfr. ultimo

fasciis 2 viridibus.

Long. 1; lat. 5; poll.

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell conical, dextral; whorls 7, rounded; suture moderately im-

pressed, simple; aperture semiovate ; lip thin, with a callus, termi-

nating in a twisted plait, bluish white tipped with brown ; three first

spiral turns white, the others with a broad central pink band, mar-

gined by two deep black bands ; on the last whorl, superiorly and in-

feriorly, is a broad bright green band.

The gaudy colouring of this species alone separates it from the

A. Johnsoni, nob. It belongs to the same section with 4. producta,

Reeve, which may be taken as the type of a group of species num-

bering some half-a-dozen, and which requires still further additions

to render it complete.

52. ACHATINELLA HyBRIDA (PI. XXIII. fig. 52). A. testa dea-

trorsa, conica; anfractibus 6, rotundis, superne marginatis ; ul-

148

timo subinflato ; sutura bene impressa; columella alba vel sub-

fusca, in plicam contortam desinente ; apertura ovali alba ; labro

simplici, interne incrassato ; striis longitudinalibus delicatis ; anfr.

ultimo viridi vel fusco, superioribus albis cum venis longitudinali-

bus, formosis, epidermide concoloribus.

18 10

Long. =; lat. 5; poll.

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conical ; whorls 6, rounded, margined above, the last

somewhat inflated ; suture well-impressed ; columella white or brown-

ish, terminating in a twisted plait ; aperture ovate, white ; lip simple,

thickened within ; strize longitudinal, fine ; colour of shell green or

brown on the last whorl, above white, with fine longitudinal veins of

the colour of the epidermis.

This species seems to be intermediate between 4. producta, Reeve,

and A. venulata.

53. ACHATINELLA assimILts (Pl. XXIII. fig. 53). A. testa co-

nico-elongata, superne acuta ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura bene

impressa; apertura parva, ovata; columella brevissima, plicata, con-

torta; labro acuto, interne subincrassato ; colore albo vel rubro-

flavido, anfractus ultimi dimidio inferiori interdum albido ; interne

albo-niveo.

ll 55

Long. ;,; lat. 55 poll.

Hab. W. Mani.

Shell conically elongate, acute above ; whorls 7, rounded; suture

well-impressed ; aperture small, ovate ; columella very short, plicate,

twisted ; lip acute, thickened slightly within ; colour white or salmon,

sometimes the lower half of the last whorl white, and the rest of sal-

mon; within pure white.

This species might be mistaken for a dwarf variety of A. Mastersi.

Its habits are quite different, its locality distant, and the shell has an

aspect quite distinct from the small varieties of 4. Mastersi, as found

on W. Mani.

54. ACHATINELLA RETICULATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 54). A. testa co-

nico-ovata; anfractibus 6, perrotundis ; sutura superne mediocri,

supra anfr. ultimum profunda; apertura parva, ovata; colu-

mella brevi cum dente plicato, fere transverse ; colore fusco vel

castaneo cum lineis et notis transversis, albidis, figuras varias

epidermide imponentibus, speciem texti spiculati vel operis acupicti

prebentibus.

Long. ©; lat. Z poll.

20?

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate ; whorls 6, much-rounded ; suture moderate,

except at the junction of the last whorl, which is deep; aperture

small, ovate ; columella short, with a plicate tooth, nearly transverse;

colour brown or chestnut, with white transverse lines and markings,

laid on to the epidermis in various patterns like lace-work or em-

broidery.

Proc. Z. 5. Moliscas kena -

d4 Oo 56 3 do

Wa 78 79

i ous

lth Reeve, imp.

149

55. ACHATINELLA oRNATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 55). A. testa sini-

strorsa, acute pyramidali, nitida; anfractibus 6, plano-convezis,

supra marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura in testa adulia

subquadrata, in immatura subovata; labro margine subincrassato ;

columella lata et complanata ; teste superficie undulis alternanti-

bus vel signis ziczac albidis vel nigris, longitudinaliter dispositis,

obtecta, cum vitta subcentrali transversa nigra, interdum etiam

cum albida contigua infra in anfr. ultimo.

Long. 3 lat. = poll.

Hab. E. Mani.

Shell sinistral, acutely pyramidal, shining; whorls 6, plano-con-

vex, margined above; suture well-impressed ; aperture subquadrate

in adult, subovate in immature shells; lip slightly thickened at the

edge; columella broad and flattened ; surface of shell covered with

alternating undulations or zigzag markings of white and black arranged

longitudinally, with a subcentral transverse black band, sometimes

margined with a white one below on the last whorl.

This is an extremely rare species, found in a limited locality, in a

deep ravine, at the back of Lahaina.

56. ACHATINELLA ALBO-LABRIS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 56). A. testa co-

nico-ovata ; apice acuto ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, non marginatis ;

apertura ovata; columella brevi, plicato-dentata ; labro semilunari,

incrassato, albo; colore umbroso, cum linea suturali flava, interne

ceruleo-albido.

Long. x3 lat. a poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate; apex acute; whorls 6, rounded, not mar-

gined ; aperture ovate; columella short, plicately toothed ; lip semi-

Iunar, thickened and white; colour dark umber, with a yellow sutural

line; within bluish white.

We are compelled to separate this and another, the 4. reticulata,

from A. nucleola of Gould, from which they differ in important and

permanent characters.

57. ACHATINELLA ELEGANS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 57). A. testa conico-

elongata, polita, nitente, solidiori ; anfractibus 6, plano-conveais,

superne marginatis ; sutura bene impressa; apertura subovata ;

labro albo, expanso, subreflero, in medio subcontracto, intus

adaucto ; columella brevi, plana et subdentata ; colore albo et per-

fusco, modo secundum lineas ad longitudinem, modo maculis latis

alternunte, nonnunquam cum fascia alba, suturali et altera in anfr.

. ventrali addita.

Long. 553 lat. - poll.

Hab. UHauula, Oahu.

Shell conically elongate, polished, shining, rather solid; whorls 6,

plano-convex, margined above ; suture well-impressed ; aperture sub-

ovate ; lip white, expanded, subreflected, somewhat contracted in its

centre, thickened within; columella short, flat and lightly toothed ;

150

colour light and dark brown alternating, longitudinally arranged in

iia or broad patches; sometimes with a white sutural band,

and an additional one on the body whorl.

58. ACHATINELLA PrerrFerRi (Pl. XXIV. fig. 58). A. testa sini-

strorsa, acuminata, turritiformi; anfractibus 6, plano-conveais ;

sutura profunda; apertura oblongo-ovata; columella simplici,

plana ; labio exteriori simplici ; superficie sulcis longitudinalibus

profundis, striis transversis, bene expressis, decussatis ; colore

Tua cum nie albis, longitudinalibus in anfr. superioribus.

Long. + x3 lat. — = poll.

Hab. Molokai.

Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted ; whorls 6, flatly convex; suture

deep ; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella plain and smooth ; outer lip

simple; surface irregularly cut up into furrows, ridges and tubercles

by deep longitudinal sulcations, crossed by strongly developed trans-

verse strize ; colour brown, with white longitudinal lines on the upper

whorls.

59. ACHATINELLA Cuminet (Pl. XXIV. fig. 59). A. testa sini-

strorsa, acuminata, turritiformi ; anfractibus 6, planulatis, supra

marginatis ; sutura subimpressa; apertura oblongo-ovata ; colu-

mella subcallosa ; labio externo tenui, elliptico ; striis numerosis,

oblique transversis et fortiter delineatis, striis longitudinalibus de-

cussatis, supra totam testam diffusis; colore fusco cum undulis

wes in oe superioribus.

Long. 2 => Lat. = poll.

Hab. Hale a Ka la, E. Mani.

Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted; whorls 6, “margined above,

planulate; suture moderately impressed ; aperture oblong-ovate ;

columella slightly callous ; outer lip thin, elliptical ; numerous striz,

obliquely transverse and well-marked, traverse the entire shell, with

longitudinal incremental strize more or less developed ; colour brown,

with obsolete white undulations on the superior whorls.

This species, with the preceding, form, with the 4. plicata of

Mighels, a group of an eccentric and extremely interesting type.

No apology will be offered for dedicating this remarkable species

to H. Cuming, Esq., of London.

60. ACHATINELLA SOLITARIA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 60). A. testa ovata,

conica, dextrorsa; anfractibus 6, plano-convevis ; sutura subim-

pressa; apertura ovata; labro acuto, intus incrassato; colu-

mella alba, brevi, lata et abrupte contorta; colore castaneo pal-

lido cum striis obscurioribus, longitudinalibus, prope basin viridi ;

fascia suturali alba in anfr. 23 ultimis, in superioribus fusca ;

Aloe lacteo.

Long. + ae late = poll.

Hab. Palolo, Oahu.

Shell ovately conical, dextral; whorls 6, flatly convex; suture

151

slightly impressed ; aperture ovate; lip acute, thickened within ;

columella white, short, broad and abruptly twisted; colour light

chestnut, with darker longitudinal stripes, green at the base ; a white

sutural band for the last 24 whorls, and a brown band on the suture

above.

But a solitary specimen of this species has been obtained. Its cha-

racters are, however, sufficiently striking to warrant us in giving it a

place as a distinct species.

61. ACHATINELLA GERMANA (PI. XXIV. fig. 61). A. testa dex-

trorsa, ovato-conica; anfractibus 6, plano-convevis ; apertura

ovata; labro acuto, intus incrassato; columella brevi, tubercu-

lari, fusca; colore castaneo cum lineis delicatis, obsoletis, trans-

versis, obscurioribus, vitta alba suturam ultimam transeunte et

anfr. ventralem medio secante; fascia lata in apertura evanes-

cente, columellam circumdante.

Long. = lat. 5 poll.

Hab. Makawao, Mani.

Shell dextral, ovately conical; whorls 6, flatly convex; aperture

ovate ; lip acute, thickened within; columella brown, short and tu-

bercular ; colour chestnut, with fine obsolete darker transverse lines ;

a white band traverses the last sutural whorl and cuts the body whorl

centrally ; around the columella is a broad white band, losing itself

in the aperture.

Closely resembles the A. solitaria, and but for the widely distant

localities, might be taken for a variety of the same species. The mark-

ings and columellze are however quite distinct.

62. ACHATINELLA FLAVESCENS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 62). A. testa

dextrorsa, conica; anfractibus 6, subrotundis ; sutura simplici,

bene impressa; striis numerosis longitudinalibus, et bene expres-

sis; apertura semiovali; labro simplici; columella brevi, dente

obliquo, plicato munita ; colore teste externe uniusmodi subflavo,

interne albido vel subroseo.

Long. =; lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Hawaii.

Shell dextral, conical; whorls 6, slightly rounded ; suture simple,

well-impressed ; strize numerous, longitudinal and well-developed ;

aperture semiovate; lip simple; columella short, with an oblique

plaited tooth; colour of shell externally of a uniform light reddish

yellow, internally white or pale rose.

This species belongs to a group, at the head of which stands 4. ru-

bens of Gould. Its specific character is sufficiently marked. It is

one of three species thus far obtained on the large island of Hawaii.

63. ACHATINELLA Hetena (PI. XXIV. fig. 63). A. testa ovato-

conica ; anfractibus 5, ventricosis; sutura profunda; apertura

ovata; columella subcallosa; striis minute decussatis ; colore rufo

alternante cum lineis ziczac albis, longitudinalibus, latis, totam

152

testam obtegentibus, cum vel sine fascia alba, anfr. ultimum cin-

genie.

Long. a3 lat. 3 poll.

Hab. Molokai, within the coil of the Ti tree leaf, as it starts from

the trunk.

Shell ovate-conical; whorls 5, rounded; suture deep; aperture

ovate; columella slightly callous; striz finely decussated; colour

rufous, alternating with broad, longitudinal, zigzag lines of white

covering the entire shell, with or without a white band encircling

the last whorl.

This forms the commencement of the type alluded to under the

description of 4. dubia.

64. ACHATINELLA pHysa (Pl. XXIV. fig. 64). A. testa sinistrorsa,

acuto-conica, tenui, inflata; anfractibus 5, rotundis; sutura bene

impressa; apertura oblongo-ovata; columella tenui, subplicata; la-

bro simplici; colore subflavo-fusco cum flammulis albidis longi-

tudinalibus, cum vel sine linea alba, subcentrali circa anfractum

ventralem.

Long. =; lat. = poll.

Hab. Mouna Kea, Hawaii.

Shell sinistral, acutely conical, thin, inflated; whorls 5, rounded ;

suture well-marked ; aperture widely ovate ; columella thin, slightly

twisted ; lip simple ; colour light yellowish brown, with white longi-

tudinal flammules, with or without a subcentral, revolving, white line

on the body whorl.

65. ACHATINELLA DuBIA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 65). A. testa dextrorsa

vel sinistrorsa, tenui, conico-elongata; anfractibus 6, minute de-

cussatim striatis; sutura simplici; apertura ovata; labro ex-

panso, subreflexo ; columella alba, bulimoidea in speciebus juniori-

bus (adultis callo conspicuo munitis) ; umbilico parvo et perforato ;

colore pallide corneo, cum lineis ziczac et maculis pallidis.

Long. ae lat. 5 poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell dextral or sinistral, thin, conically elongate ; whorls 6, with

finely decussating striz ; suture simple; aperture ovate; lip ex-

panded, slightly reflected ; columella white, bulimoid except in adult

specimens (which exhibit a callus); umbilicus small and perforate ;

colour light corneous, with radiating zigzag lines and blotches of a

light colour.

Found on bushes.

The above shell approaches in its characters very near to the genus

Bulimus. It is referred to this genus from its disposition to be either

sinistral or dextral ; from its animal being viviparous; and from old

specimens exhibiting a flat, twisted columellar tooth. It forms the

terminus of a series of four species herein described; the others are

A. Helena, A. physa and A. grisea, all heterostrophe species.

153

66. ACHATINELLA GRIseA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 66). A. testa sini-

strorsa, infra inflata, apice acuminato; anfractibus 6, rotundis,

non marginatis ; apertura ovata; columella brevi, plana et sub-

plicata ; labro expanso, interne incrassato ; sutura bene impressa ;

umbilico subaperto ; colore supra cinereo-albo, fusco pallide macu-

lato, infra cinereo; anfractu ultimo vitta angusta, albida circum-

uae

Long. 3 36 ; lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Malay, Mani.

Shell sinistral, inflated below, pointed at the summit; whorls 6,

rounded, not margined; aperture ovate; columella short, flat and

but slightly twisted; lip expanded, thickened within; suture well-

impressed ; umbilicus open; colour above greyish white mottled with

light brown, below ashy grey ; the body whorl encircled by a narrow

white band.

67. AcHaTINELLA Mastersi (Pl. XXIV. fig. 67). A. testa dex-

trorsa, tenui, conica; anfractibus 7, rotundis, supra leviter ru-

gosis, inferioribus fortiter inflatis ; apice acuto; sutura valde im-

pressa; apertura ovata; labro simplici; columella brevi, plica

lamellari, tenui munita; colore superbe castaneo vel albo, cum

vestigiis epidermidis tenuis, fusco-nigre ; interne albo vel ceruleo-

pono.

Long. eae lat. 5 3p poll.

Hab. Mani.

Shell dextral, thin; whorls 7, rounded, slightly rugose above, the

last strongly inflated; apex acute; suture well-impressed ; aperture

ovate ; lip simple; columella short, with a thin lamellar plait ; colour

of shell white or rich chestnut, with traces of a thin brown epidermis ;

within white or bluish white.

This species I dedicate to S. I. Masters, Esq., who has been inde-

fatigable in his researches on the islands of Oahu, Mani and Ranai,

and who has furnished many choice and beautiful shells of this genus

before unknown to science.

The size varies much in this species, and the colouring is also

various, running from pure white through various tints to a light ma-

hogany. The lower part of the shell is not unfrequently white, and

the upper portion bright chestnut or rose-coloured.

68. ACHATINELLA DECIPIENS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 68). A. testa co-

nico-elongata, solida; anfractibus 6, subrotundis, supra depressis ;

apertura elongato-ovata; labvo subreflexo ; columella brevi, ob-

lique plicata, cum callo expanso ; sutura subimpressa ; striis nume-

rosis, longitudinalibus, obliquis ; colore albo cum fasciis transver-

sis, luteis, vel luteo cum lineis transversis, albidis, et striis longi-

ig letlge pe castaneis.

Long. 2° p> lat. Z 5 poll.

Hab. Kahana, ikke

154

Shell conically-elongate, solid; whorls 6, slightly rounded, mar-

gined above; aperture elongately-ovate ; lip subreflected ; columella

short, obliquely twisted, with an expanded callus ; suture slightly im-

pressed; stricze numerous, longitudinal, oblique; colour white with

yellow transverse bands, or yellow with white transverse lines, and

longitudinal chestnut-coloured stripes.

This species cannot be confounded with any other than the A. sub-

virens in one of its varieties, the distinctive marks of which are given

under that species.

69. ACHATINELLA RUBIGINOSA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 69). A. testa

dextrorsa, solida, ovato-conica; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra

marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; labro subreflexo, interne in-

crassato ; apertura ovata; columella brevi, fortiter dentata, cum

callo expanso umbilicum obtegente ; colore ferrugineo-fulgente,

cum vitta alba suturali ; columella et anfractus ultimi parte infe-

riore et exteriore albidis.

Long. =; lat. = poll.

Hab. Palolo, Oahu.

Shell dextral, solid, ovately conical; whorls 6, rounded, margined

above; suture well-impressed ; lip lightly subreflected, thickened

within; aperture ovate; columella short, strongly dentate, with an ex-

panded callus covering the umbilicus ; colour a bright reddish brown,

with a white band accompanying the sutures; columella and lower

and outer portion of last whorl white.

This species passes into the white variety of A. teniolata of Pfeif-

fer ; but in the latter species the mantle of the animal is of a dark

slate-colour, and in the present species it is of a light flesh-colour.

The markings are characteristic of the species, the rusty hue varying

in intensity and quantity of surface covered in different specimens.

70. ACHATINELLA VARIABILIS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 70). A. testa

sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa, conico-acuminata, polita, nitente; an-

Sractibus 6, rotundis, superne submarginatis ; apertura subovata ;

columella brevi, tuberculo forti coloris rosei munita; labro ex-

panso, acuto ; colore teste vario, albo, flavo, nigro, etc., unicolori

vel cingulis sex minusve, colorum diversorum in anfr. ultimo or-

nato.

Long. =; lat. = poll.

Hab. Ranai.

Shell sinistral or dextral, conically acuminate, polished, shining ;

whorls 6, rounded, lightly margined above ; aperture roundly ovate ;

columella short, armed with a strong tubercle of a roseate colour ;

lip expanded, acute; colour of shell white, yellow, black and other

shades, plain or with from one to six bands of various colours on the

last whorl. ’

This is the most variable species in markings that has yet been

found among the Achatinelle. It is extremely difficult to find two

(except the plain ones) precisely alike in this respect.

155

71. ACHATINELLA cRassA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 71). A. testa dea-

trorsa, conica, solida, apice acuminato ; anfractibus 6, rotundis,

ultimo ventricoso ; striis decussantibus ; sutura modice distincta ;

apertura subovata ; columella brevi, in plicam fortem terminante ;

labro albo, late expanso et subreflexo; umbilico aperto; colore

castaneo-fusco, albis punctis asperso, cum vitta alba, subcentrali

in anfractu ultimo.

Long. = Tat: . poll.

Hab. Ranai.

Shell dextral, conical, solid, pointed at the apex; last whorl ven-

tricose ; strize decussating; whorls 6, rounded ; suture moderate ;

aperture subovate ; columella short, terminating in a very strong

plait ; lip white, broadly expanded and subreflected ; umbilicus open ;

colour dark chestnut sprinkled with white, with a white subcentral

band on the last whorl.

This shell in form approaches the genus Partula. Having ob-

tained the specimens alive, I have been enabled to examine the ani-

mal, and can find no marks to distinguish it from the common type

of the genus Achatinella.

72. ACHATINELLA Batpwinti (Pl. XXIV. fig. 72). A. testa dex-

trorsa, conico-ovata, ad longitudinem striata; anfractibus 7, sub-

convexis, non marginatis ; sutura simplici, bene impressa; aper-

tura elongato-ovata ; columella longa, dente albo, plicato munita ;

labro acuto, massa alba obtecto, interne fusco-marginato ; aper-

tura ceruleo-albida; colore subfusco, cum vestigtis epidermidis

tenuis, nigre ; anfr. 4 supremis nigris.

Long. 3 lat. x poll.

Hab. Ranai.

Shell dextral, conically elongate, striated longitudinally ; whorls 7,

slightly convex, not margined ; suture simple, well-impressed ; aper-

ture elongate-ovate ; columella long, with a white plicate tooth ; lip

acute, margined within with brown; aperture bluish white; labrum

with a white deposit ; colour of shell light brown, with traces of a

thin, black epidermis ; first four whorls black.

This species is dedicated to the Rev. Mr. Baldwin of Lahaina. It

belongs to the limited group of 4. gigantea and A. violacea. There

has been but one specimen of this species as yet obtained.

73, ACHATINELLA Bupp1i (Pl. XXIV. fig. 73). 4. testa sini-

strorsa, conico-ovata, solida ; anfractibus 6, convexis, supra deli-

cate marginatis ; sutura moderate depressa, albo cingulata ; aper-

tura ovata; labro acuto, inferiort recedente, interne incrassato ;

columella brevi, cum plica terminali ; colore albido-luteo, plumbeo

vel fulvo ; apertura et columella albis.

Long. = ; lat. on poll.

Hab. Palolo, Oahu.

Shell sinistral, conically ovate, solid ; whorls 6, convex, slightly

margined above; suture moderately impressed, banded with white ;

156

aperture ovate ; lip acute, thickened within ; columella short, with a

terminal plication; colour yellowish (or cinnamon), slate or fawn ;

columella and aperture white.

This uncommon species I take pleasure in dedicating to Dr. B. W.

Budd of New York, who has largely contributed in assisting others

to build up a scientific reputation in the United States.

74. ACHATINELLA Emmersonit (Pl. XXIV. fig. 74). A. testa

conica, polita, dextrorsa, solidiori ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra

marginatis ; sutura distincta ; apertura subovata, intus peralbida ;

columella brevi, tuberculata ; labro acuto, intus nigro-marginato ;

teste superficie externa omnino margaritaceo-alba.

Long. : ; lat. = poll.

Hab. District of Waialua.

Shell conical, polished, dextral, rather solid; whorls 6, rounded,

margined above ; suture distinct ; aperture subovate ; columella short,

tuberculate ; lip acute, margined with black within ; aperture inter-

nally pure white; exterior of shell uniform pearly white.

This shell in its general aspect is the complete counterpart of

A, Mighelsiana of Pfeiffer. The latter species is from Molokai.

This is clearly distinct, as may be seen by a cursory examination of

the two species.

75. ACHATINELLA BIPLICATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 75). A. testa dex-

_trorsa, elongato-cylindrica ; anfractibus 7, rotundis, longitudina-

liter valde striatis ; sutura profunda; apertura parva, subovata ;

labio subcalloso ; columella biplicata; labro acuto, intus submar-

ginato ; colore subroseo, epidermide fusco, tenui partim obtecta ;

anfractibus supremis nigris ; apertura intus rubra.

Hab. Ranai, Sandwich Islands.

Shell dextrorsal, elongately cylindrical ; whorls 7, rounded, longi-

tudinally strongly striated; suture deep; aperture small, subovate ;

inner lip rather callous; columella biplicate ; outer lip acute, sub-

marginate within ; colour rosy, partly concealed by a thin brown epi-

dermis ; upper whorls black ; aperture red within.

76. ACHATINELLA SEMICARINATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 76). A. testa

dextrorsa, solida, ovato-conica, longitudinaliter substriata; an-

Sractibus 5, planulatis, supra marginatis, ultimo in medio angulato

et semicarinato ; apertura ovata ; columella valde uniplicata, plica

contorta, dentiformi ; labro antice producto, intus valde margi-

nato ; colore stramineo ; apertura intus alba.

Hab. Island of Ranai.

Shell dextrorsal, solid, ovately-conical, longitudinally substriated ;

whorls 5, flattened, marginate above the last, angulated in the middle

and semicarinated ; aperture ovate ; columella ending in a tortuous,

obtuse, dentiform plait ; outer lip anteriorly produced, strongly mar-

ginate within ; colour pale yellow; aperture white internally.

A straw-coloured conical species, with the last whorl partially sur-

rounded with an elevated keel.

Proc. Z.9.Annulosa . XXXII -

lL Saturnia Jorulla

Riess, = SOnizalbox

3. Juavendera.

157

77. ACHATINELLA MasTA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 77). A. testa dea-

trorsa, turrito-conica; anfractibus 7, convexis, longitudinaliter

striatis ; apertura parva, ovata, leviter contracta ; columella recta,

plica valida, spirali, alba, in medio munita; colore rufescente ;

anfractibus supremis nigris, mediis lineis nigris, fleruosis et angu-

latis, ultimo epidermide fusca obtecto.

Hab. Island of Ranai.

Shell dextrorsal, turrito-conical ; whorls 7, convex, longitudinally

striated ; aperture small, ovate, slightly contracted; columella straight,

with a strong, white, spiral callus in the middle ; colour reddish brown ;

the upper whorls black, the middle ones with black zigzag lines, the

last covered with a dark brown epidermis.

78. ACHATINELLA oBscurRA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 78). A. testa dex-

trorsa, turrito-conica; anfractibus 7, longitudinaliter striatis,

subrotundis, superne marginatis ; sutura leviter impressa; aper-

tura parva, ovata; columella subtortuosa, lamina spirali munita ;

labro acuto, simplici; colore sordide fulvo, epidermide nigro-

Fusca obtecto; anfractibus supremis nigris.

Hab. Island of Ranai.

Shell dextrorsal, turrito-conical ; whorls 7, longitudinally striated,

rather convex, marginate superiorly ; suture slightly impressed ; aper-

ture small, ovate; columella subtortuous, furnished with a spiral la-

mina; outer lip acute, simple; colour dirty fulvous, covered with a

blackish brown epidermis ; the upper whorls black.

79. ACHATINELLA CONCINNA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 79). A. testa dex-

trorsa, umbilicata, subnitida, longitudinaliter creberrime striata ;

anfractibus 6, convewis ; sutura impressa ; apertura ovata; colu-

mella brevi, recta, reflera, lamina spirali antice munita; labro

simplici, acuto ; colore citrino ; anfractibus supremis roseis.

Hab. Island of Ranai.

Shell dextrorsal, umbilicated, longitudinally very finely striated,

rather shining ; whorls 6, convex ; suture impressed ; aperture ovate ;

columella short, straight, the margin reflexed, furnished anteriorly

with a spiral plait; outer lip simple, acute; colour pale yellow; the

uppermost whorls rosy.

4. DrEscrIPTIONS OF somE New Species or Exotic Motus

BELONGING OR ALLIED TO THE GENUS SATURNIA.

By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S. etc.

(Annulosa, Pl. XXXII. XXXIII.)

Having, in a former Article in this Work (No. CXCII. March 27,

1849), reviewed the whole of the known species of large African

moths belonging or nearly allied to the genus Saturnia, and having

also, in the “Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,” described and figured

a number of species of the same group from various parts of India,

I purpose in the present paper to describe several additional species,

chiefly from the New World, which appears to be very rich in these

158

fine insects. For several of the species contained in this memoir I

am indebted to D. Coffin, Esq., who on his return from Mexico most

liberally presented me with his whole collection, formed in that

country during a residence of considerable extent.

SarurniA Or1izaBa, Westw. (Pl. XXXII. fig. 2.) S. alis an-

ticis maris subfalcatis, posticis elongatis ; in utroque sexu fulvis,

brunneo griseoque variis, omnibus plaga magna triangulari (in

omnibus alis equali), apice extus in strigam undatam albam intus

nigro marginatam, insidenti, macula subapicali alarum anticarum

e guttis tribus nigris composita, linea tenuissima nigra valde un-

dulata submarginali serie macularum parvarum in alis posticis in-

cludente. ¢ 2

Expans. alar. antic. maris, 53 unc. ; foem. 64 unc.

Hab. in Mexico. Communicavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood.

This species is closely allied to Sat. Aurota (Cramer, pl. 8. fig. a),

from Surinam, but differs at once in the form of the vitreous patch

of the hind wings. The specimen figured by Cramer is a female.

The one represented in our illustration is a male, but I possess both

sexes, agreeing exactly together in the markings of all the wings, and

differing only in the female being larger, with the fore wings broader

and almost straight along the outer margin, and the hind ones shorter

and more regularly ovate.

The general colour is dark fulvous, the middle portion of the wings

being darker than the base and apex. The front of the thorax is

marked by a narrow transverse white line, and there is a broader

transverse one across its hind part, connected with a white streak

running in a continuous line along the hind margin of the fore wings

for about one quarter of their length, where it forms a strong angle

and runs nearly to the costa; it is outwardly edged with black ; this

is succeeded by the large vitreous patch in the centre of the wings,

of a triangular form, the side towards the base of the wing being rather

emarginate ; and its apex rests upon a white undulated striga run-

ning across the wings, edged within with black, beyond which the

wing is much irrorated with pale and grey scales, especially towards

the costa; near the tip of the wing is a black crescent, and a patch

composed of three small black spots in a triangle, on a fulvous ground,

preceded by a curved white line ; the margin of the wing is ashy buff,

traversed by a very slender, very much waved black line.

The hind wings lave a similar-sized vitreous patch in the middle,

its basal edge being nearly straight, preceded by an arched white line,

outwardly edged with black and connected towards the costa with the

strongly-waved white line (inwardly edged with black) on which the

apex of the vitreous patch rests; the ashy buff margin of the wing

bears a series of small black spots, followed by a very slender waved

black line.

On the underside the wings have the base of a rich darker brown

colour (extending as far as the undulated transverse striga), the api-

cal half of the wings (as well as the costa of the hind ones) being

much paler.

159

The antenne of the males are not very broadly feathered; they

are 32-jointed, each joint emitting four branches of equal length, ex-

cept about eight of the terminal joints, in which one of the pairs of

branches gradually diminishes in length, and becomes obsolete in

two or three of the terminal joints. The antennze of the female are

less strongly feathered, and one of the pairs of branches becomes ob-

solete in about seven of the terminal joints.

Sarurnia Zacateca, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 4.) S. alis valde

angustis subfalcatis nigris, omnibus macula maxima vitrea, anticis

striga basali geniculata alba, ad apicem fulvo, castaneo griseoque

variegatis, fascia interrupta alba extus rufescenti ; posticis ni-

gris, prope marginem posticum fascia interrupta alba extus casta-

neo-rufa, margine postico griseo variegato. ¢

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 33.

Hab. in Bogota, Americee Meridionalis. In Mus. Hope.

This curious species is at once distinguished by its very narrow

wings and the large size of the glassy spots, especially in the hinder

pair ; the body is black, with a white ring round the neck and a less

distinct fascia across the hind part of the thorax. The antenne are

very strongly branched; the fore wings are especially long and narrow

and slightly falcate at the tip, which is rounded ; they are of a black

colour, slightly tinged with chestnut, and powdered, especially along

the fore margin, with grey scales. A narrow, straight, white striga

extends from the base of the wing to the vitreous spot, where it is an-

gulated, and runs towards the fore margin. The centre of the wing is

occupied by a large, elongated, suboval heptagonal vitreous spot, which

is not traversed by any transverse vein, the branches of the median

vein being pushed so far backward, as to admit of its occupying so

large a clear space; a narrow white fascia extends from its extre-

mity to the costa, and from the middle of its hinder margin to the

hind margin of the wing, the space between which and the apical mar-

gin is varied with chestnut, red and grey scales and luteous patches.

The tip of the wing is orange, with a chestnut patch and a white

angulated line, below which is a large oval chestnut-red patch, bear-

ing a black spot and divided into several parts by dark luteous lines.

The hind wings are almost entirely occupied by a large oval glassy

patch destitute of veins, the subcostal vein being pushed towards the

costal margin, and the median one towards the anal margin, and their

branches emitted at an unusual distance from the base of the wing ;

the apical portion is coloured in the same way as in the fore wings,

except that the luteous spots form a narrow, continuous, submarginal

fascia, enclosing a series of transverse, black spots more or less united

in pairs.

SarurNIA JORULLA, Westw. (PI. XXXII. fig.1.) S. alis fulvo-fus-

cis; anticis macula subtriangulari, posticis macula subovali, vitreis

albo nigroque marginatis, striga angulata e basi ad costam anti-

carum, alteraque multidentata (communi) pone medium albis nigro

roseoque marginatis ; striga tenui, nigra, undata, subapicali, macula

160

tripartita, nigra versus apicem connexa; posticis serie submarginali

macularum rosearum, extus linea undata, nigra e margine griseo

separata. @ ?

Expans. alar. antic. maris, unc. 4.

Hab. in Mexico, Cuantla. E folliculo in mense Octobris invento

imago prodiit Augusto sequente. Communicavit D. Coffin. In Mus.

Westwood.

This species is allied to Saturnia Hesperus (Cramer, pl. 68. fig.),

but is smaller, and has the dentated fascia of the fore wings extend-

ing in a straight line entirely across them; it is also much more

brightly coloured. Both sexes have the fore wings emarginate along

the outer margin, those of the female being rather less so than those

of the male. The general colour of the wings is tawny brown; the fore

wings with the fore margin thickly clothed with grey scales being

white towards the base; the front of the thorax has a continuous

white band ; another extends also across the hind part of the thorax,

and is continued by a white bar along the wing for about one-third

of its length, where it is angulated, and extends nearly to the costa ;

it is inwardly edged with bright rosy, and outwardly in part with

black ; the vitreous patch which occupies the middle of the wing is

subtriangular, having a narrow white margin succeeded by a wider

black one. This spot is followed by a multidentate white striga,

edged with black on the inside and with rosy red on the out, running

nearly in a straight direction across the wing, and extending also in a

curved one across the hind wings to the anal margin. This striga is

followed in both wings by a rather wide space much powdered with

grey atoms, except towards the costa, which is more ashy coloured ;

the dull luteous margin is traversed by a slender, waved, black line,

followed by a white band, and towards the tip of the fore wings is a

black patch, outwardly dentate, succeeded by two smaller black ones

edged with tawny, and a short curved and dentated white line ex-

tends to the tip of the wing.

The hind wings are very similar to the fore ones, having near the

base a slightly curved white streak outwardly edged with black, fol-

lowed by a nearly oval vitreous spot, edged with white and black,

slightly larger than the spot of the fore wmgs; and the luteous mar-

gin of these wings bears a slender wavy black line, preceded by a row

of small rosy and black spots.

The wings on the under side are coloured exactly as on the upper,

except that the costa of the hind wings is narrowly white. The an-

tennze of the males are but moderately feathered: they are about

30-jointed, each joint producing two branches of equal length on

either side, except that in the eight or nine terminal joints one of the

pairs of branches is gradually obsolete, being entirely wanting in the

six last. The antennee of the female resemble those of the male, but

are rather less strongly feathered.

SaTurniA LavenpveErA, Westw. (Pl. XXXII. fig.3.) S. alis flavis,

bast obsolete fusco-strigosis ; omnibus ocello parvo ovali (fere

equali) livide carneo, medio vitreo, nigro tenue cincto, anticis pone

161

medium strigis duabus tenuibus undulatis valde obliquis, fascia

lata fulvo-brunnea extus undulata maculaque parva nigra sub-

apicali ; posticis striga ante medium integra, alteraque pone me-

dium dentata nigris serieque subapicali lunularum fulvo-brunnea-

rum. 9

Expans. alar. antic. foem. unc. 43.

Hab. in Mexico. E larva magna viridi spinosa mense Junio in

truncum populi capta imago mense sequenti producta. Communi-

cavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood.

Of this handsome species I am only acquainted with female speci-

mens, varying in the more or less golden yellow tint of the ground

colour of the wings, which are thickly irrorated with small blackish

scales. The anterior pair have the fore margin (as well as the front

of the thorax) grey. They are rather dusky near the base and next

the costa. There is‘a dusky spot followed by a short transverse black

bar, which is connected with a scarcely distinct waved oblique striga

extending to the inner margin. In the middle of the wing is an oval

rosy-liver-coloured ocellus, the centre vitreous, surrounded by a black

ring, resting on the outside on a very oblique waved black line, which

is followed by another, broader but rather less waved, and this is

succeeded by a broad space of reddish brown irrorated with grey

scales, deeply scalloped along its outer margin. Near the tip of the

wing is a black spot, below which is a slender black longitudinal line.

The hind wings are rather dusky at the base, with a nearly straight

blackish streak running across them rather before the middle. The

ocellus on these wings is sometimes rather larger than that of the

fore wings, and in other specimens is united with the transverse black-

ish bar; beyond the ocellus is a slender dentated blackish line, fol-

lowed at a short distance by a second, less distinct, and which forms

the fore margin of a row of submarginal broad reddish brown lu-

nules.

The antenne of the females are but moderately feathered ; they

are 31-jointed, each joint only producing a single branch on each side,

the place of the two wanting branches being indicated by two minute

bristles in their stead; the branches gradually decrease in length,

from about one-third of the length of the antennee to the tip.

Saturnia Cater, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 2.) S. alis nigri-

canti-fuscis, omnibus in medio macula angulata strigague communi

integra inter medium et apicem aibis notatis; anticis striga angusta

angulata versus basin, ocello nigro extus ferrugineo serieque lunu-

larum nigrarum subapicalibus ; posticis serie subapicali macula-

rum nigrarum lineaque tenui undata nigra. 3 3

Expans. alar. antic. maris, unc. 43; foeminze, unc. 5}.

Hab. in Mexico. E pupa mense Augusti producta. Communi-

cavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood.

This very distinct species is at once distinguished by the black-

brown colour of its wings, marked in the place of the ordinary ocellus

with an angulated white mark, like a wide prostrate V. The female

is considerably larger than the male, and has broader wings, the an-

No. CCLVIII.—ProcrEpinGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

162

terior being nearly straight along the apical margin, and the hind

ones shorter and wider. The thorax has a pale fleshy coloured fascia

in front, and the hind part has a less distinct one of dull fulvous ;

towards the base of the wing is an angulated white striga, and all the

wings are marked in the middle with the above-mentioned angulated

white mark ; half way between which and the outer margin of the

wings is a white fascia with the edges entire, rather wider in the

hinder wings, followed by a space which is much irrorated with grey

and fulvous scales, especially in the hind wings, but becoming more

uniformly ashy towards the costa of the fore wings. This space in-

closes in the fore wings ten slender black lunules arranged in pairs,

each pair united together above by a more strongly marked black lu-

nule, edged towards the apical margin with white. The anterior

pair of lunules is followed towards the costa by a black ocellus bear-

ing a slender white arched line, and outwardly bearing a broad ferru-

ginous border, and next the apical angle are two white arched lines

resting in the middle on a ferruginous patch ; the dull luteous apical

margin inwardly becomes paler, and is preceded by a slender waved

black line ; the uniformly dull luteous margin of the hind wings bears

a row of small black oval spots, followed by a slender slightly-waved

black line. The underside is coloured and marked as above, except

that the subapical markings are all more clearly defined.

The antenne of the males are deeply feathered; they consist of

about 30 joints, each emitting a pair of setose branches on either

side, except the six terminal joints, which are extremely short, each

only emitting a single very short branch on its upper side. In the

female antennze the branches extend (gradually diminishing in length)

to the tip, but in the eight terminal joints one of the branches on each

side becomes gradually obsolete, being quite wanting in the five ter-

minal joints.

Sarurnia Cuapara, Westw. S. alis roseo-fulvis anticarum costa

colloque griseis, omnibus ocello medio, magnitudine mediocri,

equali, medio vitreo, intus hepatico, extus flavo, circuloque fusco

cincto ; anticis striga recta valde obliqua pone medium Susca, ma-

cula parva nigra subapicali adjecta. &

Expans. alar. antic. maris, unc. 41.

Hab. in Mexico. Communicavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood.

My unique specimen of this species is a male, and having. been

reared from the larva, its hind wings are not quite fully expanded.

The fore wings are more strongly falcate than in any of the other

Mexican species described in-this article. The ground colour of all

the wings is a rich rosy fulvous, with slight brown shades across the

middle of the fore wings. The fore margin of these wings, as well

as the front of the thorax, is greyish ; half way between the base and

the middle is a very ill-defined and irregularly angulated dusky striga ;

in the middle of all the wings is a moderate sized oval ocellus, being

of the same size in all the wings, the centre vitreous, the anterior part

being liver-coloured, and the outer part gradually yellow, surrounded

by a narrow dusky circle ; half way between the ocellus and the api-

Daturma Sapatoza

__ .____ Calleta

___ Janeira

wo ho

__ Zacateca

Proc. 4.9. Annulosa . XXALII .

163

cal margin runs a straight but very oblique dusky striga, extending

from rather beyond the middle of the hinder margin nearly to the

apex of the wing, where it is dilated into a small black patch. The

hind wings have a more rosy tint, with a transverse, very ill-defined,

dusky striga a little in front of the ocellus, and there is a slender un-

dulated dusky striga half way between the ocellus and the hinder

margin.

On the under side the wings are rather more ashy in their general

colour, and the dusky stripe between the base and the ocellus in all the

wings is better defined; across all the wings there is a central cloud

of tawny running through the ocelli, which are smaller on this side

than above, and beyond these marks is a very slight and slender row

of dusky scallops; the subapical margin of the fore wings is more

tawny, especially towards the hinder angle. The antennz are ful-

yous and broadly feathered, consisting of about 30 joints, each emit-

ting two branches on either side.

SarurniA Sapatoza, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 1.) S.alis supra

viridi-sulphureis, nigro-atomosis ; anticis in mare subfalcatis ;

omnibus lunula vitrea mediocri, equali, anticis fascia obscura pa-

rum undata inter basin et medium, alteraque undulata inter lunu-

lam et marginem apicalem; puncto nigro subapical; posticis

striga transversa media lunulisque subapicalibus obscuris. 3 3

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 34.

Hab. in Bogota. In Mus. Britann.

This beautiful species is one of the smallest of its tribe, and is well

distinguished by its peculiar colour and by the form of the lunate

vitreous patch, of nearly equal size on all the wings. The wings are

sulphur-yellow-coloured above, the disk covered with minute black

scales, which give it a greenish tinge ; fore wings with the extremity

slightly falcate in the male, more regular shaped in the female,

brownish buff, with a small subapical black oval dot, edged behind

with an angulated white line. All the wings marked rather beyond

the middle with a lunate vitreous spot, of equal size in all the wings,

narrowly edged with black and with a slender curved vein (uniting

the lower branch of the subcostal with the upper branch of the me-

dian veins) running through the centre of it; the fore wings moreover

with a slightly waved dusky fascia before the middle and a slender

waved subapical dark striga (much more strongly marked in the fe-

male than in the male), adjoining which, on the outside, is a narrow

wave, paler than the ground colour of the wing, the terminal por-

tion of the wing being duller coloured than the disc, and irrorated in

both sexes towards the hinder angle with brown scales. Hind wings

entire along the outer margin, with a nearly straight dusky striga

running across the centre a short distance preceding the vitreous lu-

nule, with a slender waved lilacy-brown striga half way between the

lunule and the outer margin, and with a series of submarginal brown

curved streaks, followed by patches of flesh-coloured scales. On

the underside the male has the wings chestnut-grey, the disc more

strongly suffused with red, with the striga and waved lines of the

164

upper side slightly indicated ; the female on the underside is greyish

buff slightly shaded with brown, especially in the middle, with the

dark markings of the upper side slightly indicated, the legs flesh-

coloured. The antenne of the male are short and about 26-jointed,

each of the joints (except two or three at the tip) emitting four long

branches. The female antenne are 25-jointed, each joint emitting

a short brauch on each side at its extremity. The female has the

branches of the antennze shorter than those of the male.

Saturnia Janerra, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 3.) S. alis an-

ticis apice acuminatis brunneo-ferrugineis, striga sub-basali in-

terrupta lutescenti, ocello fusco luteo-annulato strigaque nigra e

medio marginis interni ad apicem extensa ; posticis supra casta-

neo-rufis, margine postico fusco ocello magno concolori maculam

ovalem nigram includente fulvoque extus annulato.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 32.

Hab. apud Rio Janeiro, Brasiliz. . In Museo Britannico.

This species is at once distinguished by the singularly acute fal-

cated form of the fore wings, which peculiarity is probably less

strongly marked in the female; supposing as I do that the unique

specimen in the British Museum is a male, although the compara-

tively narrow antennz might seem to indicate the opposite sex. The

fore wings on the upper side are dark rich red-brown, the apical mar-

gin being dark ashy. They are marked near the base with a much-

interrupted and slightly-indicated luteous striga; in the middle is a

moderate sized oval ocellus, dark brown, surrounded by a slender

ring of pale luteous scales, and with a very small greyish white lu-

nule in the middle; beyond the ocellus is a regular black line run-

ning from the apex to a little beyond the middle of the inner mar-

gin, where it is marked with a few pale scales. Hind wings on the

upper side rich chestnut-red, with the outer margin brown, and

clothed with brown hairs along the anal margin; in the middle is a

large ring of black, outside of which is a slender circle of fulvous

scales, and in the centre is a rather small oval black spot crowned

with a slight white lunule. On the under side the wings are dark

fulvous-red, with a dusky apical margin, the fore wings with a black

central circular spot inclosing a white dot, and the hind wings with

a minute white transverse dot visible on the upper side in the centre

of the large ocellus. The antennz are short, 26-jointed, each joint

(except three or four of the terminal ones) emitting four moderately

short branches, gradually shortening towards the tip.

This species seems to approach near, if indeed it does not belong

to the subgenus Hyperchiria of Hiibner (Verzeichniss, p. 155), Jo,

Boisduval, the species of which are especially American. The trans-

formations of one of the species (Saturnia Metzli from Mexico) have

been recently illustrated by M. Sallé, in the ‘Revue de Zoologie,’

2nd series, tom. v. (1853) p. 171. pl. 5.

Saturnia? Pruro, Westw. S. alis luridis, cinereo-fuscis, fusco

badioque transversim subfasciatis, absque ocellis et lunulis vitreis,

165

anticis sub apicem emarginatis ; posticis elongatis et in caudam

latam mediocrem extus oblique extensam, productis.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 5.

Hab. in partibus calidioribus Americze Meridionalis, Venezuela.

In Mus. Westw.

The general colour of the wings of this species is dark brown, with

a purplish leaden kind of gloss; the fore wings are traversed towards

the base (which is of a rich chestnut colour) by two nearly straight

chestnut fascize, followed by a shorter one of the same colour cover-

ing the transverse veinlets at the extremity of the discoidal cell, a

short distance beyond which is another straight fascia of the same

colour ; half way between which and the tip of the wing are two dull

sooty fascize, diffused towards the costa, and condensed in the middle

of the wing into two closely approximated strigee ; beyond the outer

of these strigee the broad margin of the wing is chestnut-brown, the

spaces between the veins being of a greyer tint; the hind wings are

of a more uniform brown colour, with a broad darker brown central

fascia, and the wide outer margin redder brown, preceded by a grey-

ish cloud. The fore wings are somewhat falcate, being truncate at

the tip, with a rather deep emargination below the extremity ; the

hind wings are elongated, the anal angle rounded off, and the outer

margin is produced into a wide tail three quarters of an inch long,

extending outwardly ; the outer margin between the tail and the outer

angle has two moderately deep and wide emarginations. The body

is small and slender, of an uniform greyish brown colour, without a

distinctly coloured grey fascia in front of the thorax.

The antennze in the only specimen I have seen (which I believe is

a female, notwithstanding the slenderness of the body) are rather

short, and composed of forty-two short joints, each producing two

short pectinations on each side; these pectinations gradually decrease

in length from the base to the extremity, where the antenne are quite

thin and acute. The palpi are rather broad, and the spiral maxillz

are distinct, but very slender and weak.

The costal vein of the fore wings extends about three-fifths of the

length of the costa; the postcostal vein emits a branch at. about one-

third of the length of the wing, which runs close behind the costal

and beyond it almost to the tip of the wing; the discoidal cell ex-

tends rather more than one-third of the length of the wing; it ter-

minates transversely, the postcostal vein emitting a second branch at

its anterior termination; this second branch is furcate at a short

distance beyond the cell, the upper division of the fork extending to

the tip, the lower division to the outer margin below the tip, and the

postcostal itself extending to the upper angle of the emargination be-

low the apical truncature of the wing; the transverse vein closing.

the discoidal cell emits a vein from its centre, and joins the third

branch of the median vein at a short distance beyond its origin; the

hind wings have the branches of the median vein arising near the anal

margin of the wing, and the discoidal cell is closed by a very oblique

veinlet, which emits a vein above its middle, which vein extends to

the anterior extremity of the tail of these wings.

166

SaTuRNIA Tuipeta, Westw. S. alis anticis flavis, squamis gri-

seis, presertim pone medium, variegatis, striga angusta valde ob-

liqua prope basin; omnibus ocello fere equali, ovali, medio, extus

fulvo, puncto nigro incluso ; pone medium lineis duabus contiguis

valde undulatis, macula parva nigra obliqua strigaque carnea ob-

liqua contigua, subapicalibus ; posticis basi subcarneo, medio flavo

variegatis, striga arcuata inter basin et medium lineisque tribus

obscurioribus pone ocellum, fascia lata submarginali griseo-fusca

lunulisque fulvis externis. 3

Expans. alar. antic. une. 5.

Hab. Thibet. In Mus. Westwood.

This species is closely allied to the Sat. Simla, Westw., figured in

the ‘ Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,’ pl. 20. fig. 1, but differs both

in the colour and the position of the markings. The fore wings are

yellow, much varied with grey scales, especially at the base of the

costa and beyond the middle: at a short distance from the base a

slender red striga runs very obliquely across the wing. In the middle

of all the wings is a moderate-sized oval ocellus, with a small black

dot in the middle, marked on its inner edge with a curved white line,

the outer part being liver-coloured, edged with a black rg. Out-

side the ocellus the wings bear a darker fulvous, ill-defined, very ob-

lique fascia, followed by two slender very strongly undulating dark

lines ; the undulations being much stronger towards the tip of the

wing, where the outer one is connected with a white curved line, like

a U, which ends on the costa in an oval black patch, and is bounded

on its outside by a slender rich red-brown line ; parallel and near the

apical margin is an interrupted slender black striga, followed by a

row of submarginal fulvous oblong spots. The ocellus of the hind

wings is preceded by a curved dark brown line, and is followed by

three slender very much undulated lines, the two next the ocellus

being chestnut and the outer one black ; beyond the last is a broad

greyish fascia edged outwardly with a slender interrupted black line,

followed by a row of fulvous oblong sublunulated spots. Beneath the

wings are similarly marked but more uniformly coloured, being ful-

vous buff without the grey scales.

The antennze are about 32-jointed, each joint emitting two branches

on each side, the branches of the:central jomts bemg moderately

elongate and gradually diminishing in length to the tip of the an-

tenne. The body, legs and antennz are fulvous yellow, the front

of the thorax with a grey band.

Saturnia Menyvitxa, Westw. S. alis sulphureo-fulvis, anticis

versus basin obscure angulato-fasciatis ocello parvo medio rotun-

dato in medio vitreo carneo bicingulato, fascia lata subcinerea

intus striga undata fusco-ferruginea et extus serie macularum

ejusdem coloris inclusa; posticis ocello minimo ceco carneo, fascia

subcinerea versus costam obliterata similiter inclusa. 3g

Expans. alar. maris unc. 44.

Hab. in Melville Island. In Mus. Hope.

This species agrees in the general orange colour of its wings with

167

S. Lavendera, as well as in the small size of the round ocelli in the

middle of all the wings; but the slightly ashy fascia on the wings,

between the ocellus and the apical margin, is much more uniform in

width and nearly straight ; the fore wings are slightly but acutely

hooked at the tips; the fore margin is ashy coloured, as is also the

fore margin of the thorax ; in the middle of the discoidal cell is a

scarcely distinct light-brown angulated fascia, which is continued

(although much nearer the base) across the wing to the inner mar-

gin, being also angulated in this portion; in the middle of the wing

is a small round ocellus, the centre being vitreous, edged with bright

red, succeeded by a ring of buff, which is surrounded by another

slender ring of red; at a short distance beyond the ocellus is a red-

dish brown undulated striga running across the wing, nearly parallel

with the apical margin, the waves following the same direction as in

S. Lavendera, and not as in S. Jorulla; this striga forms the inner

margin of a moderately wide greyish fulvous space, which is inclosed

on its outside by a corresponding row of reddish brown lunular spots,

the one next the costa being the widest ; the moderately wide apical

margin is uniformly pale orange. The hind wings have a very indi-

stinct curved fascia at some distance from the base, darkest next the

anal margin, as is the case with the other markings of these wings.

The central ocellus is not above half the size of that of the fore wings ;

the centre consists of a small round bright claret-red dot inclosed

within an orange ring, and this within a very fine red one. ‘This is

followed by a rather strongly dentated striga of reddish brown, fol-

lowed by a row of small lunular spots of the same colour, the inclosed

space being irrorated with grey atoms.

The antennz are fulvous-red and broadly feathered.

5. OBSERVATIONS SUR LES ANIMAUX DE QUELQUES GENRES

pe Moxuiusaves ACkPHALES (CHAMOSTREA, GLAUCONOME,

Circe AND Capsa). Par G. P. DesHayes.

(Mollusca, Pl. X XI.)

Genus CuamostrEA, De Roissy. (Pl. XXI. figs. 4-7.)

(Cleidotherus, Stutchbury.)

Animal irrégulier, enveloppé d’un manteau mince bordé d’un

muscle orbiculaire étroit ; les bords simples joints dans presque toute

la circonférence ; une trés petite ouverture antérieure située 4 langle

antérieur et inférieur du manteau un peu au dessous de lextrémité

du muscle adducteur antérieur ; deux siphons postérieurs dépassant

& peine les bords du manteau; ils sont un peu comprimés et en-

titrement séparés; leur bord terminal est simple; deux muscles

adducteurs trés inégaux, l’antérieur trés long, trés étroit, occupant

presque toute la hauteur du cété antérieur de Panimal ; muscle pos-

térieur plus court et plus épais ; pied petit, comprimé, linguiforme ;

bouche trés petite, accompagnée de quatre petites palpes labiales

168

étroites, courtes, pointues, triangulaires. Une seule branchie de

chaque coté du corps ; elle est fort épaisse, transverse, un peu oblique,

divisée en deux parties inégales par un sillon; elles embrassent la

masse abdominale et le pied contract¢; l’osselet appendiculaire de la

charnitre compris dans |’épaisseur du manteau et des organes abdo-

minaux.

Le genre Chamostrea indiqué par de Roissy a été caractérisé d’une

manitre plus précise par Blainville dans son Traité de Malacologie ;

quelques années plus tard Mr. Stutchbury en donna de nouveau une

description plus complete, et imposa au genre un nom sous lequel il

a été plus généralement connu, celui de Cleidotherus.

La coquille, type du genre, ayant offert dans la charniére, ce fait

remarquable d’un osselet isolé fixé par le ligament, attira l’attention

des naturalistes, et presque tous, frappés d’une telle particularité,

se laissérent entrainer a classer le genre, non d’aprés l’ensemble des

caractéres comme le prescrivent les régles de la science, mais d’aprés

un seul a l’exclusion des autres.

La Camostrée 1’ est pas la seule coquille dans la charnitre de laquelle

on rencontre un osselet calcaire attaché au ligament. Mr. Turton

le premier, dans son bel ouvrage sur les Coquilles bivalves de l’ Angle-

terre, fit voir dans son genre Lyonsia un petit osselet quadrangulaire,

aplati, fixé au ligament interne entre deux petits cuillerons écartés.

Deux ans plus tard nous faisions la méme observation sans connaitre

encore louvrage du savant que nous venons de citer, et nous propo-

sions la famille des Ostéodesmes, dans laquelle nous infroduisions les

genres Thracia, Leach, Anatina, Lamarck, Periploma, Schumacher,

Lyonsia, Turton, 4 coté duquel nous avons laissé notre genre Osteo-

desma pour des Lyonsia équivalves peu réguliéres et fort baillantes

en arriére.

Cette famille, fondée sur l'ensemble des caractéres des animaux et

de leur coquille, ne pouvait d’aprés nous recevoir d’autres genres, et

lorsque les genres Myodora et Mera furent plus complétement con-

nus, quoiqu’ils eussent un osselet 4 la charnitre, ils ne furent point

admis dans la famille des Ost¢éodesmes ; cependant d’autres conchy-

hiologues les y avaient rangés. La connaissance des deux genres dont

nous venons de parler, nous porta a penser que la présence de l’osselet

cardinal, n’est point lindice d’une organisation semblable, et n’en-

traine pas nécessairement dans un méme groupe tous les genres qui

offrent ce caractére. Si pour nous les Myodora ne sont pas des

Ostéodesmes, & plus forte raison les Chamostrea et les Myochama, ce

dernier genre avec sa coquille irrégulitre, ne peut cependant s’éloigner

beaucoup de la famille des Ostéodesmes, parceque l’animal est pourvu

de deux siphons assez longs, pour lesquels existe un muscle rétracteur

qui laisse son empreinte sur la coquille.

AVégard du genre Chamostrea jamais nous ne l’avons admis, comme

tant d’autres conchyliologues, dans la famille des Ostéodesmes ; il

nous a toujours paru plus rapproché des Cames, et c’est dans la fa-

mille des Camacées de Lamarck que nous l’avons récemment placé.

La forme irrégulitre de la coquille, la manitre de s’attacher aux

rochers, les impressions musculaires, et celle du manteau indiquaient

169

chez l’animal des meeurs semblables a celles des Cames, et par con-

séquent une organisation analogue.

Les caractéres que je viens d’exposer de l’animal du Chamostrea

prouvent que j’avais placé ce genre dans ses rapports les plus naturels.

Les Cames en effet sont des animaux irréguliers qui ont trois ouver-

tures au manteau; l’ouverture antérieure est la plus grande, et les

siphons sont trés courts, presque reduits 4 de simples perforations*.

Voila les différences extérieures les plus considérables. Quant aux

organes plus profondément cachés ils présentent aussi dans les deux

genres quelques différences importantes ; ainsi le pied des Cames est

cylindracé, coudé vers son extrémité; il rappelle par la un peu et de

loin celui des Cardium; dans les Chamostrea cet organe est trés petit,

comprimé, linguiforme; les palpes de la bouche sont plus petites

dans les Camostrées que dans les Cames, mais les branchies sont

presque semblables dans les deux genres, un seul feuillet branchial

épais tombant de chaque cété du corps, et enveloppant non seulement

la masse abdominale, mais encore le pied lorsqu’i] est contracté.

De ce qui précéde nous concluons :—

1. La présence de l’osselet dans la charniére d’une coquille bivalve

est une caractére qui peut se reproduire dans des familles fort dloignées

par leur organisation.

2. Le genre Chamostrea doit venir se ranger dans la famille des

Cames de Lamarck, ou constituer 4 cété d’elle une petite famille

distincte, fondée sur ce triple caractére d’une coquille 4 osselet car-

dinal, d’un animal 4 manteau presque complétement fermé, et portant

un pied comprimé et linguiforme.

Genus GLAUCONOME, Gray. (Pl. XXI. fig. 2.)

Animal ovale, oblong, transverse, 4 manteau mince; muscle or-

biculaire du manteau assez large et peu épais; bords simples, mem-

braneux, portant 4 lintérieur une double lévre trés courte ; les lobes

du manteau soudés dans la moitié postérieure de leur longueur ; si-

phons alongés, réunis dans toute leur longueur, un peu comprimés de

chaque cété, inégaux en diamétre, et un peu inégaux en longueur ;

le siphon branchial plus large et plus long, garni sur son bord d’un

rang de tentacules courts et cyliadracés ; ouverture du siphon anal

simple. Muscles adducteurs des valves petits et fort écartés: pied

petit, aplati, sublancéolé. Bouche petite ; palpes labiales trés grandes,

ovales, lancéolées, paraissant lisses en leur face interne, quoique cou-

vertes de stries transverses extrémement fines et obsolétes. Branchies

trés inégales, presque lisses ou 4 peine plissées ; la branchie interne

trés alongée, assez large, trapézoidale, termindée en pointe du cété pos-

térieur ; branchie externe trés petite, prés de moitié plus courte et

plus étroite.

J’ai vu deux espéces qui offrent exactement les mémes caractéres.

Institué par Mr. Gray dans le premier fascicule de ses Spicilegia

Zoologica le genre Glauconome a été adopté par tous les conchylio-

logues. Il devait en étre ainsi, car les coquilles qu’il renferme ont

* Dans les Chamostrea l’ouverture antérieure est presque nulle, mais les siphons

~ sont un peu plus longs.

170

des caractéres trés distincts, parfaitement appréciés par le savant

auteur de la nouvelle coupe générique. En présence des caractéres

assez ambigus de la coquille, il était presque impossible aux zoologistes

d’avoir une seule opinion au sujet du classement du genre dans la

méthode, aussi on pourrait le dire sans trop d’exagération que chacun

se laissa guider par sa propre inspiration. Pour faire cesser l’incerti-

tude il fallait étudier l’animal qui jusqu’ici est resté inconnu.

En examinant la riche collection de mollusques conservés dans

Palcool que posstde Mr. Cuming, il me montra plusieurs individus

trés bien conservés de deux espéces de Glauconome, et grace a I esprit

éclairé de ce conchyliologue distingué, il comprit l’intérét scientifique

des recherches que je me proposais de tenter, et il consentit 4 m’aban-

donner plusieurs individus de sa collection. TI] s’agissait en effet de

savoir si les Glawconome avoisinait les Venus, comme le pensent le

plus grand nombre, ou s’il se rapproche des Solen comme le croyait

quelques classificateurs. I] est actuellement évident par les carac-

téres que nous venons d’exposer, que le genre dont nous nous occu-

pons n’appartient par aucun caractére au groupe des Vénéridées. Si

il existe dans cette famille des genres chez lesquels les siphons sont

réunis (Dosinia, Clementia et Chione), tous sans exception ont les

lobes du manteau désunis dans toute la longueur du bord inférieur.

Chez ces genres les siphons étant d’une longueur relativement mé-

diocre, la sinuosité palléale est généralement large et courte ; dans les

Glauconome au contraire cette impression est ¢troite et trés profonde,

ce qui annonce des siphons longs et gréles comme ceux des Tellines

ou des Psammobies ; cependant ce n’est pas a ce groupe qu’appar-

tiennent les Glauconome, leurs siphons sont longs, mais ils sont réunis,

tandis que la famille des Tellinzdes est caractérisée par des siphons

longs mais désunis dans toute leur longueur. I] faut done chercher

ailleurs les rapports naturels des Glauconome ; nous trouvons dans

la famille des Solens quelques mollusques qui ont une véritable ana-

logie avec celui qui nous occupe, mais tous les Solénacés sont carac-

térisés par le dévéloppement considérable de lorgane locomoteur ;

dans les Glauconome au contraire cet organe est fort petit, et il se

rapproche infiniment plus de celui des Lutraires. En considérant

dans leur ensemble les caractéres des deux genres on leur trouve

la plus grande somme de ressemblances ; il n’est pas 4 dire pour cela

que les Glauconome soit pour nous des Lutraires, chaque genre con-

serve des caractéres propres et constituent des familles distinctes,

mais ils ne peuvent étre trés dloignés l’ un de l’autre dans une méthode

naturelle.

Les Glauconome comme les Lutraires ont les lobes du manteau

réunis dans la moitié au moins de la longuenr du bord inférieur ;

comme dans les Lutraires les siphons sont fort longs et réunis dans

toute leur longueur, seulement ils sont plus gréles dans les Glauco-

nome. Le pied a une forme semblable dans les deux genres, plus

long en proportion dans les Lué¢razres, mais dans ce dernier genre les

palpes labiales sont trés longues, étroites, pointues, les branchies sont

étroites et trés alongées surtout en arriére; ces organes importants

sont plus larges et autrement disposés dans les Glauconome. Si Yon

171

veut faire entrer aussi pour quelque chose les caractéres des coquilles

dans la distribution des genres et des familles, on arrivera facilement

cette conséquence,—que si les deux genres que nous venons de compa-

rer ont des ressemblances, ils offrent aussi des differences qui justifient

pour eux la création de deux familles distinctes mais peu dloignées.

Genus CLeMENTIA (C. papyracea). (Pl. XXI. fig. 1.)

Animal ovale, ayant le manteau mince, épaissi sur le bord par le

muscle orbiculaire; le bord simple, sans tentacules, bilabié a l’inté-

rieur; ouverture palléale grande, s’étendant du muscle adducteur

antérieur 4 la base des siphons. Siphons gréles, réunis dans toute

leur longueur, coniques, aplatis latéralement, inégaux en diamétre,

distincts au dehors par une ligne déprimée, terminés par une ouver-

ture petite et simple ; une valvule membraneuse simple et transverse

devant l’ouverture interne du siphon branchial; pied petit, subqua-

drangulaire, comprimé, un peu alongé en avant. Bouche petite ;

palpes labiales inégales, alongées, triangulaires, trés finement lamel-

leuses 4 leur face interne ; branchies petites, trés inégales, obliques,

le feuillet interne le plus grand, subquadrangulaire et presque entiére-

ment découvert ; feuillet externe trapézoidale, attaché par le milieu

de sa surface.

Le genre Clementia a été eréé par Mr. Gray pour une coquille

singuli¢re rapportée généralement a la famille des Venus; elle en

offre les caractéres les plus essentiels, seulement contrairement aux

autres Venus, le test reste mince, fragile et sans couleur. En exa-

minant Vintérieur des valves on y apercoit un grand sinus palléale

triangulaire obliquement ascendant comme dans le plus grand nombre

des Dosinia (Artemis, Poli); ce caractére nous faisait soupconner

que dans l’animal des Clementia les siphons devaient étre réunis :

c’est en effet ce quia lieu. Ainsi que nous venons de le voir par la

description de son animal, le genre Clementia a tous les caractéres

des autres Vénéridées ; mais de tous les genres de ce groupe c’est

des Dosinia qu’il se rapproche le plus, et c’est 4 leur suite qu'il doit

venir dans un arrangement naturel de la famille. Sans doute les

caractéres des Dosinia et des Clementia ont beaucoup d’analogie, ils

prouvent que ces mollusques dépendent d’une méme famille, mais ils

different assez entre eux pour justifier leur séparation comme genres.

Nous ne terminerons pas sans ajouter que nous devons la connais-

sance de l’animal du genre Clementia a la libéralité de Mr. Cuming,

qui le premier en a rapporté de beaux exemplaires de son voyage aux

Philippines. C’est également 4 cet amateur zélé des sciences con-

chyliologiques que nous sommes redevables de la connaissance de

Yanimal des Circe et de celui des Capses, sur lesquels nous croyons

utiles de donner quelques renseignements.

Genus Circe, Schum. (Pl. XXI. fig. 3.)

Le genre Circe de Schumacher renferme des coquilles semblables

a celles des autres Cythérées, avec cette seule différence, que limpres-

sion palléale est simple et non sinueuse en arritre comme dans les

172

Cythérées proprement dites. I] s’agissait de savoir si au point de

vue de l’organisation des animaux, ce caractére des coquilles avait une

valeur réelle; l’examen des animaux pouvait seul faire cesser le doute,

et nous nous sommes empressé de profiter de la collection de Mr.

Cuming pour faire l’anatomie de plusieurs espéces de Circe apparte-

nant aux deux principaux groupes du genre (Circe scripta, Linn. et

C. testudinalis, Chemnitz). Ces animaux ne différent en rien de celui

des Meretrix ; le manteau est ouvert dans toute la longueur du bord

inférieur, il est pourvu en arriére de deux siphons courts et désunis

(du moins dans l'état de violente contraction), le pied est linguiforme,

aplati, il est semblable 4 celui des Venus et des Cythérées ; il en est

de méme des palpes et des branchies. De cette identité, parfaitement

constatée pour nous, entre les Meretrix et les Circe, nous concluons

que ce dernier genre doit rentrer dans le premier 4 titre de simple

division ; en réunissant les espéces des deux groupes on voit s’établir

entre elles une transition insensible dans la transformation des formes

extérieures.

Genus Capsa, Brug.

Le genre Capse de Bruguiére, non de Lamarck, eréé pour le Venus

deflorata de Linmé, a été récemment placé par Mr. Gray dans la

famille des Vénéridées, puis, plus récemment encore, séparé en une

petite famille distincte par le méme naturaliste ; il transporte cette

nouvelle famille dans le voisinage de celle des Tellines. Pour nous,

depuis longtems les Capses nous paraissaient beaucoup plus voisines

des Psammobies, mais il fallait étudier animal pour décider défini-

tivement de la place qu'il doit occuper dans la série méthodique. Il

résulte de nos observations que l’animal du Capsa deflorata ne dif-

fere en rien d’essentiel de celui des Psammobies; il est méme

permis de douter si le genre Capse devra rester dans une méthode

ou les coupures génériques sont fondées sur des caractéres d’ une égale

importance.

EXPLICATION DES FIGURES.

Px, XXI.

Fig. 1. Clementia papyracea, Gray. aa, muscle orbiculaire du manteau; 3, les

siphons; c¢, ouverture du siphon branchial; d, ouverture du siphon

anal; g, le pied; h, le muscle adducteur antérieur; 7, muscle adducteur

postérieur; j, les palpes labiales; %, feuillet branchial interne; 2, feuillet

branchial externe ; m, muscle rétracteur des siphons.

Fig. 2. Glauconome Cerea, Reeve. (Les mémes lettres désignent les parties sem-

blables a celles de la figure précédente ; il faut ajouter) c, f, ouverture

interne des siphons et 1’éperon qui les sépare; a’, commissure du man-

teau au point ou les lobes se réunissent.

Fig. 3. Circe divaricata, Chemn. aa, le manteau appliqué sur la surface interne

de la coquille; a’, commissure du manteau; 4, base des siphons cachée

par l’appendice postérieur du manteau; c, siphon branchial; d, siphon

anal. (Les autres lettres comme dans les figures précédentes.)

Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. Chamostrea albida, Desh.

Fig. 4. Animal entier auquel manque la partie centrale et membraneuse du man-

teau. aa, muscle orbiculaire du manteau; 4, portion membraneuse;

c, point ow sont situés les siphons; d, muscle adducteur antérieur des

Proc. Z.S. Mollusca rein

Jp. Lemercier, Paris

1 Clementié papyracea,, Cray. 5, Circe divaricata Chemn

i 2. Glauconome Cerea Heeve £6.61 Chamostrea albida Desh.

WiWing adnax ith,

hig. 1_2. Metula Cumingn.

3. Fipponyx granulata.

Yanicoro Quoyana.

Holeostoma Setigerum.

e amidelle. subulata.

7 Harpa striatula

Tig. 9-10 Harpa sohdula.

\_12. Fofsar bicarimatus.

13. F. Ss reticulatus.

14 Colinapupiformis.

15. Chemnitziavaricosa.

Printed by Hullmandel & Walton.

A.Adams.

173

valves; e, muscle adducteur postérieur; 7, le pied; g, les palpes labiales ;

h, les branchies.

Fig. 5. L’animal un peu grossi. a@, lambeau du manteau; 4, portion du muscle

orbiculaire ; ¢c, partie du muscle antérieur ; d, le muscle postérieur ; e, le

pied; jf, la masse abdominale; g, les palpes labiales; h, surface interne

des branchies ; i, 7, extrémité postérieure des branchies.

Fig. 6. Bord postérieur du manteau montrant les siphons. a, portion du muscle

orbiculaire; 4, ce, bords libres du manteau recouvrant les siphons ;

c, d, siphons dans |’état de contraction.

Fig. 7. Ouverture du manteau vue al’intérieur. a, 6, portion du muscle orbicu-

laire; ce, extrémité du muscle adducteur antérieur; d, ouverture palléale

de grandeur naturelle.

6. Descriptions or New SPECIES OF SHELLS, IN THE COLLEC-

, TION oF Hueu Cuming, Esa.

By Artruur Apams, R.N., F.L.S. etc.

(Mollusca, Pl. XX.)

Harra striAtTuLa, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. figs. 7,8.) H. testa

ovato-ventricosa, tenui, spira brevi, apice acuto, lineis rubris

et fuscis ziczaciformibus varie picta, costis longitudinalibus

angustis, levibus, postice valde aculeatis et undulatis, intersti-

tits striis elevatis, longitudinalibus et transversis, conspicue

decussatis ; apertura ampla; labio nitido, bimaculoso ; labro

tenui, acuto.

Hab. ——? Mus. Cuming.

A thin, light, ventricose species, with strongly aculeate ribs, and

the interstices conspicuously striated.

Harpa sotrpua, A. Adams. (PI. XX. figs. 9, 10.) H. testa

ovato-ventricosa, solida, crassa, nitida, spira brevi, apice acuto,

roseo, fascia lata fusca transversa, et lineis rufo-fuscis undu-

latis varie picta, costis longitudinalibus crassis, postice acu-

leatis, lineis fuscis, transversis ornatis; apertura elongato-

ovali; labio callo nitido, incrassato obtecto ; labro crasso.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This is a thick solid species, less elongated than H. minor, and

with much thicker ribs.

Meruta Cuminen, A. Adams. (PI. XX. figs. 1,2.) M. testa

ovato-fusiformi, spira subacuta, apice cancellato, fulvescente,

castaneo-nebulosa, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim striata,

striis antice distinctioribus, plicis crassis, postice crenulatis,

antice evanidis ; apertura angusta, utrinque coarctata, antice

subcanaliculata, intus aurantiaca; labio callo crasso, circum-

scripto; labro margine acuto, crenulato, extus valde incras-

sato, intus transversim lirato.

Hab. West coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming.

The discovery of this shell forms an interesting addition to the

little-known genus Metula, which is probably an African type, and

174

an inhabitant of deep water. The species here described is of a much

more ovate form than those already known, and is only cancellated

near the apex of the spire. The circumscribed inner lip and mitri-

form appearance will at once mark the genus Metula.

Hoxcostoma. (Nov. gen.)

Shell ovate, thin, spire short, acuminate ; suture channelled ; aper-

ture obpyriform, posteriorly canaliculated, anteriorly emarginate ;

columella areuated, smooth, with a posterior callosity ; outer lip ex-

panded, the margin everted, posteriorly free and ascending on the

body-whorl.

This peculiar form, which we have here characterized as generic,

most resembles Planaais in texture and general character, but is at

once distinguished from that genus by its short channelled spire, by

the peculiar form of the aperture, and by the solution of the peri-

treme at the junction of the outer lip and last whorl.

Howcostoma seticeruM, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 5.) H. testa

ovata, semipellucida, fusco-cinerea, fascia lata, lutescente, et

linea angusta, rufo-fusca ornata, transversim sulcata, sulcis

setis aureolis, elongatis, epidermicis, in seriebus transversis

dispositis ornatis.

Hab. Mauritius. Mus. Cuming.

The surface is beautifully ornamented with long golden bristles,

arranged in transverse rows.

Morvum xantuostoma, A. Adams. WM. testa oblonga, subcylin-

drico-conoidali, spira depressa, complanata, nigro alboque varie-

gata, dorso tuberculis rotundatis in seriebus quinque dispositis;

apertura angusta, intus lutea; labio granuloso, expanso; labro

extus incrassato, recto, antice inclinato, intus valde dentato-

lirato.

Hab. Galapagos Archipelago. Mus. Cuming.

Oniscia tuberculata, Sow., var. a, Reeve, Conch. Syst.

This species, which has been confounded with M. tuberculatum of

Sowerby, figured in the ‘Genera’ of that author, and twice figured as

a variety of that species by Mr. Reeve, is at once distinguished by

its conoid form, yellow aperture, and flattened spire, characters which

are constant and specific. I have used the name Morum as restricted

to the tubercular species of the genus Oniscia.

Vanicoro ruGATA, A. Adams. VJ. testa orbiculato-ovata, sub-

globosa, crassa, albida, spira subproducta, longitudinaliter valde

plicata, anfractu ultimo plicis irregularibus, longitudinalibus et

liris subgranulosis, transversis, prominentibus decussata ; aper-

tura rotundato-ovali ; labio arcuato, postice et antice dilatato;

umbilico mediocri ; canali subpatulo, arcuato.

Hab. 2

175

This species somewhat resembles V. Petitiana, Recluz, in sculp-

ture, but is of a different form, and the spire is elevated.

Vanicoro Quoyr1ana, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 4.) V. testa

parva, solida, subglobosa, ovata, alba, spira parva, depressa,

costis longitudinalibus, crassis, remotis, et liris elevatis, trans-

versis valde clathrata, interstitiis transversim striatis ; aper-

tura semiovata ; columella recta, postice expansa, antice sub-

dilatata ; umbilico profundo ; canali subangusto, arcuato.

Hab. Chusan (Benson).

A smal], widely clathrated species, most nearly resembling in

sculpture V’. clathrata, Recluz, but it is very solid, and deeply pitted

throughout.

Puos ricatus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusiformi, rufo-fusca,

albido variegata, spira acuminata, costis subdistantibus, longi-

tudinalibus, liris elevatis, transversis decussata; apertura ovali,

antice producta; columella antice uniplicata; labro intus lirato,

antice sinuato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This species is of a rust-brown colour, varied with white ; it is fusi-

form, and the ribs appear as if crenulated, owing to the decussation

of the transverse ridges.

- Puos puiicatus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-turrita, spira acu-

minata, pallide fusca, anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio an-

gulatis, costis crassis, longitudinalibus, et liris elevatis trans-

versis (ad costas tuberculatis) ornata, costis, prope labrum,

confertis, frequentibus; apertura ovata; columella transversim

corrugato-plicata, antice fusco maculata; labro margine rufo-

SCO.

Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. Collected during the voyage

of H.M.S. Samarang.

Puos ritosus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusiformi, spira acu-

minata, fulvescente, costis longitudinalibus, prominentibus, liris

angustis, rufo-fuscis, transversis, elevatis, (ad costas nodulosis)

ornata; apertura ovata, antice producta; columella uniplicata ;

labro simplici, intus lirato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This species resembles, in some particulars, the Phos retecosus of

Hinds ; it may possibly be the same in a young state.

Puos rascratus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusiformi, spira

acuminata, albida, rufo-variegata, anfractibus convexiusculis,

fascia rufo-cinerea cinctis, ad suturas rubro cinctis, costis pli-

ciformibus, longitudinalibus, et liris crassis, distantibus, trans-

versis valde decussatis; apertura ovali; labio antice triplicata;

labro intus albo lirato.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming.

A very pretty, banded species, of distinct form and sculpture.

176

Couina. (Nov. gen.)

Shell elongated, slender, acuminated, tumid in the middle, taper-

ing at each end, whorls rounded, longitudinally ribbed, transversely

striated ; aperture oval, canal short, recurved; columella oblique,

outer lip expanded, reflected.

Colina macrostoma, Hinds.—Cerithium macrostoma, Hinds, Zool.

Voy. Sulphur.

This genus is chiefly known by its being tumid in the middle, and

by its expanded outer lip.

Coxina puptrormis, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 14.) C. testa

elongato-turrita, acuminata, apice truncata, in medio tumida,

pallide fulva, anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio subangu-

latis, suturis tuberculis moniliformibus, costis longitudinalibus,

et liris transversis, elevatis, (ad costas tuberculatis) ornatis,

costis in anfractu ultimo obsoletis ; apertura elongato-ovali ;

columella obliqua, simplici ; labro antice expanso.

Hab. Dumaguete, Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

Hipponyx Granuxata, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 3.) H. testa

capuliformi, lateribus compressis, apice postico, valde declinato,

rufescente, granis albis, oblongis, in seriebus longitudinalibus

dispositis, ornata, transversim lineis concentricis subflecuosis

striata; basi convexo, antice et postice sinuato ; aperture mar-

gine crenulato ; intus rufo-fusca.

Hab. West coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming.

This curiously-formed species of Hipponyx was attached to the

spine of a Cidaris: it forms an oblong testaceous plate with thick-

ened edges, and the margin of the aperture is adapted to the semi-

cylindrical surface of attachment. At first sight this species has very

much the appearance of a Pedicularia.

7. A Monocrarnu or PyRAMIDELLA, A GENUS OF GASTEROPO-

pous MoLuusca, BELONGING TO THE FamiILy PyrRAMIDEL-

tip&. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S.

(Mollusca, Pl. XX.)

Genus PyramMIpDELLA, Lamarck.

Tentacles auriform, dilated, eyes sessile at their inner bases; mantle

with a short anterior siphonal fold; operculum elongate, transverse,

subspiral at one end, the columellar margin sinuated.

Shell turreted, longitudinally ribbed ; spire elevated, whorls angu-

lated, numerous; aperture semioval, anteriorly subcanaliculated ;

columella curved, with three plaits, outer lip acute.

In this analysis the genus Pyramidella is restricted to the longi-

tudinally ribbed species: the smooth ones form the genus Odeliscus.

Our information regarding the animal is derived from a specimen

177

of Pyramidella auris-cati, Chemn., preserved in spirits, in the Cu-

mingian Collection.

The Pyramidelle, according to our observations, conceal them-

selves, like the Olive, under small heaps, which they raise ; and they

may be traced by the trails they leave behind them in the sand.

Pyram. corrugata, Lam., belongs to this genus, but I am un-

acquainted with the species.

1. PyRAMIDELLA AURIS-CATI, Chemnitz.

Voluta auris-cati, Chemn. Conch.—Pyram. plicata, Lam.; Reeve,

Conch. Syst. pl. 207. f. 5, 6.—Voluta spiralis, Rumph. ; Wood.—

Pyram. punctata, Wagner.—Pyram. maculosa, Lam.; Sow. Gen. f.3.

2. PyRAMIDELLA GLANS, Reeve.

Pyramidella glans, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842; Conch. Syst.

pl. 207. f. 1.

3. PyrRAMIDELLA MAGNIFICA, Adams & Reeve.

Pyramidella magnifica, Adams & Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang,

Moll. pl. 10. f. 1.

4. PyRAMIDELLA miTRALIs, A. Adams. P. testa elongato-pyra-

midali, albida, rufo-fusco variegata, anfractibus octo, convexius-

culis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis prominentibus, subdistanti-

bus, interstitiis transversim liratis ; apertura obliqua, semiovata,

antice subcanaliculata, columella plicis tribus, postica magna,

transversa, instructa.

Hab. St. Estevan, North Ilocos, Isle of Luzon, sand, low water.

Mus. Cuming.

An elegant, elongated, mitriform species, with prominent longitu-

dinal ribs.

5. PyRAMIDELLA PROPINQUA, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-pyra-

midali, spira acuminata, submucronata, albida, luteo-fusco varie-

gata, anfractibus conveviusculis, longitudinaliter plicalis, plicis

prominentibus, distantibus, interstitiis liris transversis ornatis,

anfractu ultimo dorso alveolato ; apertura semiovata, antice pro-

ducta, subcanaliculata; columella plicis tribus instructa ; labro

antice subdilatato.

Hab. Reetea, Society Islands, on the reefs. Mus. Cuming.

Somewhat resembling P. auris-cati, but differing in the mucronate

spire and form of the whorls.

6. PyRAMIDELLA suBuLATA, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 6.) P.

testa subulato-pyramidali, umbilicata, vertice mucronato, laevi-

gato, pellucido, albida, subnitida, anfractibus planiusculis, longi-

tudinaliter costatis, costis levibus, subobliquis, crassis, interstitiis

levibus, in medio unipunctatis; apertura obliqua, semielliptica, an-

tice producta, subcanaliculata et eversa; columella in medio plica

valida instructa.

Hab. Sarsogon, province of Albay, Luzon, coarse sand, 4 fathoms.

Mus, Cuming.

No. CCLIX.—ProceepinGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

178

Remarkable for its subulate form and umbilicus: its styliform apex

is formed of transparent nuclear volutions, the first of which is placed

as in the genus Chemnitzia.

7. Pyramipetya nitina, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-pyramidali,

alba, nitida, anfractibus convewiusculis, longitudinaliter costel-

latis, costellis angustis, rectis, subdistantibus, levibus, interstitiis

subcrenulatis, anfractu ultimo basi producto; apertura obliqua,

semiovata, antice subcanaliculata ; columella plicis tribus, plica

antica duplicata, instrucia.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

A small, white, neatly sculptured species, with the anterior colu

mellar fold double.

8. PyRAMIDELLA GRAcILIs, A. Adams. P. testa parva, acicu-

lato-turrita, albida, nitida, linea fusca supra suturas ornata, an-

Fractibus planis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis rectis, distanti-

bus, interstitiis levibus ; apertura ovali, antice subcanaliculata; la-

bio supra calloso, in medio plica valida instructo.

Hab. Loay, isle of Bohol, Philippines, hard clayey mud, 60 fathoms.

Mus. Cuming.

A small, slender, nearly acicular species, somewhat resembling a

Chemnitzia, but with all the generic characters of Pyramidella proper.

9. PyRAMIDELLA VARIEGATA, A. Adams. P. testa elongato-

pyramidali, alba, rufo-fusco maculata et variegata, anfractibus

septem, planiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis parvis, sub-

confertis (interstitia equantibus), interstitiis concinne clathratis;

apertura semiovata, obliqua, antice subcanaliculata; columella tri-

plicata; labro extus incrassato.

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines, 7 fathoms, sandy mud.

Mus. Cuming.

A pretty variegated species, with small, slightly-elevated, regular

longitudinal ribs.

8. CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A MoNOGRAPH OF THE GENUS

CHemnitrzia. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S. etc.

(Mollusca, Pl. XX.)

Genus Cuemnitzia, D’Orbigny.

Animal with a broad head, ending in a narrow bilobed snout, fur-

nished with a retractile proboscis; tentacles auriform, their inner

bases connate ; eyes at the inner sides of their base ; fore part of foot

with a prominent fold or mentum; foot short, lanceolate, operculi-

gerous lobe with a small conical process on each side.

Shell turreted, of many whorls, longitudinally ribbed, apex of the

spire with a persistent embryonic sinistral shell forming the summit ;

aperture oblong or subquadrate, columella toothless, or with an ob-

179

lique plait, nearly straight ; operculum horny, pyriform, subspiral at

one end.

In the present list I have restricted the genus Chemnitzia to those

species which are longitudinally ribbed, and in which there is no tooth

on the columella: when there are teeth, they belong to Pyramidella

properly so called. The smooth species with teeth are Obelisci, and

those without teeth Hulimelle: the Odostomie are ovate, with a

single tooth.

1. CHEMNITZIA ELEGANTISSIMA, Montagu.

Turbo elegantissimus, Mont. Test. Brit. vol. ii. p. 298. pl. 10. f. 2.

—! Turbo lacteus, Linn.—Turbo acutus, Donov.—Helix elegan-

tissima, Maton & Rack.—Turritella elegantissima, Flem.—Melania

elegantissima, Forbes.—Parthenia elegantissima, Lowe.—Eulima

elegantissima, Macgill.— Pyramis elegantissima, Brown. — Odosto-

mia lactea, Jeff.—Chemnitzia elegantissima, Phil.—Chemn. gracilis,

Phil.—Chemn. pusilla, Phil.

Hab. British Islands and Mediterranean.

2. CHEMNITZIA FORMOSA, Jeffreys.

Odostomia formosa, Jeff. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 1848,

vol. ii. p. 347.

Hab. Britain.

3. CuEemnitzia RUFA, Philippi.

Melania rufa, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 158. pl. 9. f. 7.—

? Turbo similis, Mont.—Turriteila fulvocincta, Thomson.—Parthe-

nia crenata, Lowe.—Pyramis crenatus, Brown.—Chemnitzia fulvo-

cineta, Alder.—Odostomia rufa, Jeffreys.

Hab. British Islands and Mediterranean.

4. CHEMNITZIA FENESTRATA, Forbes and Jeffreys.

Odostomia fenestrata, Jeff. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol, ii.

p. 345.

Hab. British Islands.

5. CHEMNITZIA SCALARIS, Philippi.

Melania scalaris, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p.157. pl. 9. f. 9.

—Odostomia scalaris, Jeffreys.

Hab. British Islands and Mediterranean. Mus. Cuming.

6. @HEMNITZIA RUFESCENS, Forbes.

Turritella indistincta, Fleming, Brit. Anim. p. 304.—Odostomia

scalaris, Jeffreys.

Hab. British Islands. Mus. Cuming.

7. CHEMNITZIA INTERRUPTA, Totten.

Turritella interrupta, Totten.

Hab. United States. Mus. Cuming.

8. CaeMNITZIA INDISsTINCTA, Montagu.

Turbo indistinctus, Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 129.—Turritella

180

truncata, Flem.—Terebra formosa, Bean.—Pyramis indistinctus,

Brown.—Chemnitzia curvicostata, Searles Wood.—Odostomia indi-

stincta, Jeffreys.

Hab. British Islands.

9. CHEMNITZIA CLATHRATA, Jeffreys.

Odostomia clathrata, Jeff. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. ii.

p. 345.

Hab. British Islands. Mus. Cuming.

10. CHEMNITZIA OBLIQUATA, Philippi.

Chemnitzia obliquata, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 137.

tab. 24. f. 10.

Hab. Mediterranean.

11. CHEMNITZIA PALLIDA, Philippi.

Chemnitzia pallida, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 136. vol. i.

p- 157. tab. 9. f. 8.—Melania pallida, Phil.

Hab. Mediterranean.

12. CHEMNITZIA DENSECOsTATA, Philippi.

Chemnitzia densecostata, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 137.

tab. 24. f. 9.

Hab. Mediterranean.

13. CHEMNITZIA TURRITELLA, Pfeiffer.

Parthenia turritella, Pfeiff.

Hab. Cuba. Mus. Cuming.

14, CHEMNITZIA GRANDIs, Adams and Reeve.

Chemnitzia grandis, Adams & Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll.

p. 52. tab. 11817,

Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming.

15. Caemnitzsa costutata, Mighels.

Turritella costulata, Mighels, Bost. Journ.

Hab. United States.

16. CHEMNITZIA TRILINEATA, A. Adams. C. testa aciculata,

turrita, fusca, anfractibus planulatis, lineis tribus fuscis ornata,

costis rectis, transversim striatis, interstitiis lineis transversis,

angustatis, ornatis; apertura ovali; columella curvata.—Long.

2 poll.

Hes. Caplan, deep water (Dr. Gardner). Mus. Cuming.

The three bands and striated ribs will distinguish this species: the

sculpture is much finer than in Chemn. lirata, from the same island.

17. CuemnitziA Bonoxensis, A. Adams. C. testa subulato-

cylindracea, pallide fusea, anfractibus rotundatis, costis fleruosis,

simplicibus, subconfertis, interstitiis (sub lente) transversim stria-

tis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella recta.—Long. 4 poll.

Hat. Island of Bohol, Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

181

This small species is distinguished from Chemn. cornea by the

rounded whorls and straightness of the columella: the ribs are also

flexuous.

18. Cuemnirzia urrata, A. Adams. C. testa aciculata, subcy-

lindrica, albida, anfractibus planulatis, sutura profunda, costis

rectis, distantibus, lineis elevatis, transversis decussatis, inter-

stitiis liris transversis, elevatis clathratis, anfractu ultimo sulco

transverso ad partem anteriorem ; apertura ovali; columella cur-

vata.—Long. + poll.

Hab. Ceylon, deep water (Dr. Gardner). Mus. Cuming.

The ribs are crossed with coarse raised lines, and the interstices

strongly clathrated.

19. CHemMNniTziA corNEA, A. Adams. CC. testa turrito-lanceo-

lata, cornea, anfractibus planulatis, costis subrectis, confertis,

superne angulatis, interstitiis simplicibus ; apertura ovali; colu-

mella incurvata, in medio plica obliqua instructa.—Long. + poll.

Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming.

Chiefly distinguished from Chemn. Boholensis by its large size and

flattened whorls: the columella, moreover, is arched, and the aper-

ture oval.

20. Cuemnitzia concinNA, A. Adams. C. testa cylindraceo-

aciculata, gracili, alba, anfractibus rotundatis, costis rectis, sim-

plicibus, subconfertis, interstitiis punctatis; apertura subqua-

drata ; columella superne plicata.—Long. 4 in.

Hab, Island of Bohol, Philippines, 60 fathoms. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small, elongated, semipellucid species, with the ribs pro-

minent and the interstices apparently punctate, owing to spiral trans-

verse lines.

21. Cuemnirzia Fusca, A. Adams. (C. testa turrito-lanceolata,

nitida, rufo-fusca, anfractibus rotundatis, superne subangulatis,

sutura profunda, costis angustis, simplicibus, frequentibus, inter-

stitia equantibus, interstitiis levibus ; apertura subquadrata; colu-

mella plica obliqua.—Long. + poll.

Hab. Port Lincoln. Mus. Cuming.

A small, shining, red-brown species, with convex whorls and nume-

rous thin ribs.

22. Cuemnirzia varicosa, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig.15.) C. testa

magna, turrito-subulata, pallide fusca, fusciis rufis, pallidis or-

nata, anfractibus planulatis, varicosis, costis frequentibus, confer-

tis, rectis, liris elevatis, transversis decussatis ; interstitiis lineis

elevatis, transversis clathratis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella

recta, torquata.—Long. 1 poll.

Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming.

A large, thin, brown, decussated species, with a prominent varix

on each whorl.

23. CHEMNITZIA CANDIDA, A. Adams. C. testa turrita, subu-

lata, candida, anfractibus convexiusculis, costis simplicibus, flexuo-

182

sis, rotundis, confertis, postice prope suturam tuberculatis, inter-

stitiis levissimis, anfractu ultimo subangulato, basi conveaiuscula,

levi; apertura subquadrata ; columella recta, superne flecuosa.—

Long. + poll.

Hab. Japan? Mus. Cuming.

An elegant white species, somewhat pyramidal in form, and with

simple sculpture.

24. Curmnirzia acicuLaris, A. Adams. C. testa cylindraceo-

aciculata, alba, anfractibus planulatis, costis rectis, simplicibus,

distantibus, interstitiis levissimis ; apertura subquadrata ; colu-

mella recta, oblique plicata.—Long. + in.

Hab. Loay, island of Bohol, hard clayey sand, 60 fathoms. Mus.

Cuming.

A small acicular species, with the ribs wide apart and the inter-

stices plain.

9. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF GASTEROPO-

pous Motuusca. By Artuur Apams, R.N., F.L.S.

1. HinpstA, n. g.

Shell ovately fusiform; spire acuminated ; whorls longitudinally

ribbed and cancellated ; aperture ending anteriorly in a long recurved

canal; inner lip thin, circumscribed, transversely corrugately pli-

cated ; outer lip grooved internally.

Animal with the tentacles connate at the base; with the eyes near

their distal ends ; foot anteriorly produced, ending behind in a sim-

ple tail without filament.

Operculum horny, ovately unguiform, the margin entire.

Obs.—-This genus partakes of the characters of several recognized

forms. Its animal, however, differs from that of Triton in the ap-

proximated tentacles, with the eyes near their ends, and the ante-

riorly produced foot ; from that of Nassa in the tail not being bifur-

cated; and from Phos in the absence of the long, single, caudal fila-

ment. In its shell, it may be known from Phos by its recurved

canal; from Nassa by its circumscribed inner lip and elongated

canal ; and from Triton by its want of irregular varices.

1. Hinpsta acuminaTA, Reeve, sp.

Triton acuminatus, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton. pl. 14.

fig. 54.

2. Hinpsra nivea, Pfeiffer, sp.

Triton niveus, Pfeiffer ; Reeve, Conch. Iconica, pl. 17. fig. 75.

3. Hinpsta NAssoipEs, Reeve, sp.

Triton nassoides, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton. pl. 20. fig. 96.

4. Hinosta carpuvs, Reeve, sp.

Triton carduus, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton, pl.19. fig. 95.

183

5. Hrnpsia eGrect, Reeve, sp.

Triton egregius, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton. pl. 18. fig. 78.

6. Hinpsta sururauis, A. Adams. H. testa elongate ovata,

spira producta, acuminata, alba Susco sparsim nebulosa, anfracti-

bus rotundatis, sutura profunde canaliculata, costis longitudinali-

bus rotundis (in anf. ultimo novem), lineisque salientibus, trans-

versis, in paribus dispositis, decussatis, costis infra suturas pro-

ductis et angulate nodosis ; columella varicosa, antice valde pro-

ducta; labro intus lirato, canali ad dorsum curvato.

Hab. Malacca. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. Hinpsta NopicosraTta, A. Adams. H. testa elongate ovata,

acuminata, alba, sparsim fusco maculata, anfractibus rotundatis,

costis longitudinalibus, rotundis, (in anfractu ultimo decem,)

liris equidistantibus, salientibus, ad costas nodulosis, lineisque

elevatis, interpositis, decussatis ; columella transversim corrugato-

plicata ; labro intus valde lirato ; canali ad dorsum inclinato.

Hab. ? (Mus. Cuming.)

8. Hinpsia BiTtuBpercuLaARis, A. Adams. JH. testa elongate

ovata, spira producta, acuminata, rufo-fusca, albocincta, et varie-

gata, anfractibus rotundatis, sutura subcanaliculata ; costis lon-

gitudinalibus, rotundis, (in anf. ult. duodecim,) lineisque elevatis,

e@qualibus, transversis, duabus mediis ad costas elevate tubercula-

tis; costis infra suturas rotundatis ; columella transversim cor-

rugata, antice producta; labro intus lirato, canali ad dorsum

valde curvato.

Hab. Philippines ; Sorsogon. (Mus. Cuming.)

9. Hrnpsita varicrrerA, A. Adams. JH. testa ovato-fusiformi,

rufescente, albido-varicosa; spira acuminata, anfractibus octo,

costis longitudinalibus et liris elevatis transversis (ad costas

nodulosis) ornatis ; lateribus varicibus spiraliter dispositis in-

structis ; apertura ovali, antice in rostro canaliculato, producto

terminata; labio transversim rugoso ; labro extus marginato, in-

tus valde sulcato.

Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming.

2. CycLostrema, Marryat.

1. CycLosTREMA GRANULATA, A. Adams. C. testa orbiculato-

depressa, late umbilicata, alba, costis transversis, granulatis, in-

fimis subplanulatis, instructa ; anfractu ultimo rotundato ; umbi-

lico patulo, perspectivo, callo marginato ; apertura rotundata ;

columella sinuata ; labro intus incrassato, subcrenulato.

Hab. Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

3. TEINOSTOMA, 0. g.

Animal 2 Operculum 2

Shell orbicular, depressed, subspiral, polished, last whorl rounded

at the periphery ; umbilical region covered with a large, flat callo-

184

sity ; aperture transverse, rounded, greatly produced and elongated,

ending anteriorly in a slightly canaliculated pomt ; inner lip smooth

and callous, not emarginate or truncated, anteriorly ; outer lip thin,

simple, not marginated or reflected.

1. Ternostoma pvoxtitum, A. Adams. T. testa alba, glabra,

polita, semipellucida, longitudinaliter tenuissime striata, lineis

transversis tenuibus decussata.

Hab. Sancta Elena, 8 fathoms (H. C.). Mus. Cum.

Although but a single species has yet been found, I have made a

genus of this singular shell, because I was unable fairly to refer it to

any known form. It has resemblances to Cyclope, Camtia and Ro-

tella, but agrees with neither.

4. Psrupo.iva, Swainson.

Animal 2

Operculum horny, ovate, with imbricated lateral elements.

Shell ovate, thick, ventricose ; spire short, acute ; suture slightly

channelled ; last whorl with a spiral groove, ending in a notch at the

fore-part of the outer lip; columella thickened, with a callosity at

the hind part.

Gastridia, Sow.—Pseudodactylus, Hermann.—Eburna, sp. Sow.

-—Struthiolaria, sp. Gray.—Monoceros, sp. Lea.—Fusus, sp. Lea.

1. PskupDOLIVA PLUMBEA, Chemn. sp.

Buccinum plumbeum, Chemn. 188. f. 1806, 1807.

2. PsrupoLiva zTuiops, Reeve, sp.

Buccinum ethiops, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Buccinum.

3. PsEUDOLIVA SEPIMENTA, Rang, sp.

Buccinum sepimentum, Rang, Mag. de Zool. 1832, pl. 18 ; Kiener,

Mon. pl. 18. f. 66.

4. Psrupouiva striatuua, A. Adams. P. ¢esta ovata, solida,

spira brevi, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter subplicata,

transversim creberrime striata, striis confertis ; epidermide Susco

tecta; apertura ovali; labio levi subplanulato ; labro intus levi,

antice subemarginato.

Hab. Africa. (Mus. Cuming.)

5. PsEUDOLIVA .zZEBRINA, A. Adams. P. testa ovata, solida,

spira brevi, acuta, albida, lineis longitudinalibus rufo-fuscis or-

nata ; anfractu ultimo superne nodoso-plicato, transversim sul-

eato ; apertura ovali; labio levi incurvato ; labro intus sulcato.

Hab. Africa. (Mus. Cuming.)

6. PsrupOLIvA AUSTRALIS, Sowerby.

Eburna australis, Sow. (Mus. Cuming.)

7. Psrupoxiva (STRUTHIOLARIA) MONOCEROS, Gray (mihi

ignota).

tte

185

8. Psrupoxtiva Kewuuettriz, A. Adams. PP. testa ovata, solida,

subperforata, epidermide fusco villoso tecta; spira prominula,

anfractibus rotundatis, sutura canaliculata, anfractu ultimo trans-

versim sulcato, sulcis postice evanidis, antice valde distinctis,

unica profunda, in dente sulcato, ad labrum, terminata; apertura

ovali, columella postice callosa, antice flexuosa, producta ; labro

postice inflexo, antice sinuato-dentato.

Hab. ?

I am indebted for this species to Professor Edward Forbes, who,

although himself describing the shells collected during the Voyage

of the Herald and Pandora, insisted upon my describing this species

when he heard I was preparing a monograph of the genus.

5. Pyreuwa, Crist and Jans.

PyRGULA CLATHRATA, A. Adams. P. testa turrita, acuminata,

alba; anfractibus decem, planulatis, cingulis duabus transversis,

costellisque elevatis, longitudinalibus, regulariter clathratis, sutura

canaliculata ; anfractu ultimo angulato, cingulis transversis qua-

tuor, basi concavo, cingula spirali circa regionem umbilicalem ;

apertura subquadrata; columella recta, antice subtruncata, ro-

tundata.

Hab. Barclayon, Philippines, H.C. North-east Australia, Jukes.

This is a beautiful species of a small group belonging to the Me-

laniade, of which Melania helvetica, Desh. is the type.

PINAXIA, 0. g.

Shell conical ; spire short acute. Aperture ovate-oblong, emar-

ginate anteriorly. Inner lip flattened, with several transverse plaits

in the middle. Outer lip acute, grooved internally.

Animal wnknown.

Operculum 2

1. Prnaxia cornonatTa, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-conica, auran-

tiaca, albo variegata, cingulis transversis elevatis albo-articulatis,

interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ornata, anfractu ultimo plicis

longitudinalibus instructo et postice nodoso-coronato.

Hab. Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

Mr. Cuming collected three specimens of this curious genus du-

ring his researches among the Philippines; in form they resemble

Imbricaria, in the flattened columella Purpura, and in the posses-

sion of plaits T'urbinellus.

Oniscta, Sowerby.

1. Ontscra GRANDIS, A. Adams. 0. testa subtrigono-ovata, spira

brevi, acuta, anfractibus convezis, albida, sparsim fusco variegata,

costis transversis nodosis lineisque longitudinalibus regulariter

cancellata, longitudinaliter plicata, plicis tenuibus, lamelliformi-

bus, equidistantibus ; labio late expanso, granulato; labro valde

reflexo, plicis dentiformibus, equalibus, equidistantibus, munito.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

186

A large species, resembling in general appearance O. cancellata,

but distinguished by the spread and flattened inner lip, the longitu-

dinal elevated plicze, and the regular plication of the outer lip, which

wants the intermediate plicee of O. cancellata.

10. A MonoGrapu or Fossar, A GENUS OF GASTEROPODOUS

Mo.tuvusca. By Artruur Apams, F.L.S., R.N.

(Mollusca, Pl. XX.)

Fossar, Gray.

Animal with the head proboscidiform, the tentacles filiform, with

a head lobe at their mner bases, the eyes sessile on their outer

bases, foot moderate, and rounded at both ends.

Operculum horny, oval, subspiral.

Shell semiglobose, umbilicated; aperture entire, semilunar; inner

lip edentulate, never callous; umbilicus open ; outer lip acute, smooth

within.

Fossar, Gray, 1840.—Fossarus, Philippi, 1841.—Natica (fos-

sar), Adanson.—Maravignia, Aradas and Mag.—WNatica (animal,

not shell), Lam., Rang.—Delphinula, sp. Phil.—Rissoa, sp. Scacchi.

-—Nerta, sp. Brocchi.—Purpura, sp. Sow.—Sigaretus, sp. Serres.

—WNaticella, Munster.—Turbo, sp. Michaud.—Heliz, sp. Linn.

Mr. Gray first indicated and named this genus, but to Dr. Philippi

is due its proper diagnosis and detailed description.

1. Fossar ApAnsonu, Philippi, En. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 147.

tab. 25. fig. 1.

Natica Fossar, Adans.—-Helix ambigua, Linn.—Turbo costatus,

Scacchi.—Rissoa lucullana, Scac.—Delphinula costata, Phil.

Hab. Senegal. Mus. Cum.

2. Fossar costatus, Broce. p. 300. t. 11. f. 11.

Nerita costata, Broce. —Delphinula costata, Bron.— Purpura

costata, Sow.—Sigaretus costatus, Serres.

Had. Sicily, Borneo, China Sea. Mus. Cum.

3. Fossar cuararatus, Phil, En. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 148.

tab. 25. f. 5.

Hab. Mediterranean. Mus. Cum.

4, Fossar minutus, Michaud, Bull. Soc. Linn. de Bord. vol. ii.

p-, 122. f.275/ 8509.

Hab. 2

5. Fossar reticutatus, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 13.) F. testa

elevate conica, spira producta, late umbilicata, anf. rotundatis, ul-

timo subevoluto, sutura profunda, canaliculata, cingulatis, cingulis

numerosis transversis, lineis elevatis longitudinalibus eleganter re-

ticulatis ; umbilico valde profundo.

Hab. Singapore (H. C.). Mus. Cum.

187

6. FossARk TROCHLEARIS, A. Adams. F-. testa elevato-conica,

spira acuminata, subperforata, anfractibus cingulatis, cingulis

transversis distantibus (in anfractu ultimo quinque), interstitiis

lineis elevatis transversis instructis rima umbilicali angusta.

Hab. Calapan, in the Philippines (H.C.). Mus. Cum.

7. Fossar vArieGatus, A. Adams. VF. testa ovata, late umbili-

cata, spira brevi acuminata, albida, fusco variegata, cingulis

transversis elevatis subgranulosis, ornata, interstitiis planis,

umbilico patulo.

Hab. Kastern Seas. Mus. Cuming.

8. Fossar Cuminei, A. Adams. fF. testa ovato-rotunda; um-

bilicata, alba, spira brevissima; costis transversis elevatis, in-

terstitiis transversim striatis, ornata; apertura semi-ovata, ex-

pansa; labro margine fimbriato, ejus angulo postice producto,

libero.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

9. Fossar Bicarinatus, A. Adams. (Mollusca, Pl. XX. figs.

11,12.) F. testa turbinato-depressa, perforata, subevoluta, pal-

lide fusca, spira planiuscula, apice acuto, producto, longitudinali-

ter substriata, carinis duabus prominentibus, interstitiis trans-

versim striatis ornata ; anfractu ultimo basi carinulis duabus circa

regionem umbilicalem; apertura semiovata, peritremate soluto,

labio recto, antice dilatato, sulco transverso, labro biangulato.

Hab. Red Sea. Mus. Cuming.

An elegant, partially unrolled species, with a flat spire and two

prominent parallel keels.

11. A Monocraru or UmsBontum (RoTetta), A GENUS OF

Trocuips. By Arruur Apams, F.L.S.

Genus Umsonivum, Link.

Animal with the lateral fringe of the foot distinct, with three fila-

ments on each side; on the front of the right side near the base of

the tentacles produced into a fleshy lobe; right tentacle free, with

the eye-peduncle compressed, and bearing a rudimentary eye; left

eye-peduncle cylindrical, with a distinct eye, and furnished with an

expansion or frontal lobe, which is folded on itself and fringed at its

free margin (Gray). Operculum horny, orbicular, multispiral.

Shell orbicular, depressed, porcellanous ; whorls smooth, polished ;

umbilical region covered with a large prominent callosity ; aperture

small, transverse ; inner lip rounded, ending in a simple point, outer

lip acute.

Globulus, Schumacher, not J. Sowerby.—Helicina, Lamk. (olim).

—Pitonellus, Montfort.— Rotella, Lamk.

1, Umponrum vestrarium, Linnzus.

Trochus vestiarius, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p.1230.—Rotella lineo-

188

lata, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.117; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 1.

fig. la, 1f.—Rotella rosea, Lam., var., Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.117.

Hab. East Indies.

2. UMBONIUM MONILIFERUM, Lamarck.

Rotella monilifera, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p. 118; Gualt.

Test. t. 65. fig. e; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 2. fig. 4, 4a.

Hab. East Indies.

3. UMBONIUM SUTURALE, Lamarck.

Rotella suturalis, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.117; Kien. Mon.

Rotella, pl. 2. fig. 3.

4. Umsonium Javanicum, Lamarck.

Rotella Javanica, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.118; Kien. Mon.

Rotella, pl. 3. fig. 4.

Hab. East Indies.

5. UMBONIUM GIGANTEUM, Lesson.

Rotella gigantea, Lesson, Ml. de Zool. vi. (no. 17.) pl. 17; Kien.

Mon. Rotella, pl. 3. fig. 7.—Rotella aucta, Sow. Genera, 17.

Hab. Japan.

6. Umsonrum costatum, Valenciennes.

Rotella costata, Valence. ; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 2. fig. 5.

Hab. Corean Archipelago (4. Adams).

7. UmBonium ELEGANS, Beck.

Rotella elegans, Beck; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 3. fig. 6.

Hab. 2

8. Umsonium saGitratum, Hinds.

Rotella sagittata, Hinds, Zool. Voy. Sulph.

Hab. West Indies.

9. Umsonium conicum, Adams & Reeve.

Rotella conica, Adams & Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang.

10. Umsonium cHaLconotum, A. Adams. U. testa orbiculato-

conica, imperforata; spira obtusiuscula, anfractibus quinque,

planulatis, nitidis, (sub lente) transversim creberrime striolatis,

ultimo, ad peripheriam, valde sulcato, quasi bicarinato, suturis

submarginatis ; lurida, eupreo-nitente, infima facie planiuscula,

striata; callo mediocri umbilicum obtegente ; apertura ovali.

Hab. Island of Ticao, sandy mud, 6 fathoms (H. C.). Maus. :

Cuming.

11. Umsonium pepressum, A. Adams. JU. testa orbiculato-

depressa, imperforata, levi, nitida, anfractibus planiusculis ;

albida, lineis irregularibus, longitudinalibus, undulatis, fuscis,

confertis, maculisque ornata ; infima facie callo albo, convexo,

punctulato, umbilicum obtegente, instructa.

Hab. Borneo, on the sands. Mus. Cuming.

—_

189

12. UmBoniuM ZELANDICUM, A. Adams. JU. testa orbiculato-

conoidea, imperforata; spira elata, anfractibus quinque, exca-

vatis, transversim striatis, ultimo subangulato, ad peripheriam

sulcato, suturis anguste marginatis ; albida, cupreo-nitente,

lineis fuscis, undulatis, longitudinalibus, radiatim picta ; infima

facie planiuscula, striata, albida, cingulo cinereo circa umbili-

cum ornata; callo mediocri umbilicum obtegente, externe sulco

spirali impresso ; apertura ovali ; labio incrassato.

Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming.

Subgenus Eruattia.

Shell orbicular, turbinately depressed ; whorls smooth or trans-

versely striated, convex, rounded at the periphery ; umbilicus partly

closed by a callous deposit.

13. Umspontum GuaMENSsE, Quoy & Gaimard.

Rotella Guamensis, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol.; Kien. Mon. Ro-

tella, pl. 2. fig. 2.

Hab. Island of Guam (Quoy §& Gaimard); Philippine Islands

(Cuming). Mus. Cuming.

14. Umsonium srriotatum, A. Adams. U. testa discoidea,

subglobulosa, subperforata, transversim striata, anfractibus

quinque, convexiusculis ; lineis transversis, angustissimis, albido-

articulatis ornata; infima facie levi, ad peripheriam rufo-

Jusco maculata, cingulo rufo circa regionem umbilicalem ornata,

callo albo, parvo, umbilicum partim obtegente munita; aper-

tura ovali.

Hab. Island of Borneo. Mus. Cuming.

12. A MonocGrar# or Isanpa, a New Genus oF TROCHIDA,

ALLIED TO UmsBonium. By Artruur Apams, F.L.S. Etc.

Genus Isanpa, H. & A. Adams.

Shell porcellanous, orbiculately conoidal, polished ; aperture sub-

quadrate, inner lip straight, forming an angle with the outer lip;

umbilicus open, perspective, the margin crenulated.

In this genus, which is founded on three undescribed species of

shells, the umbilicus is open, and not covered by a callous deposit, as

in Umbonium, and the margin is crenulated ; the texture of the shell

is solid and porcellanous, and not thin and nacreous, as in Margarita.

Isanpa coronata, A. Adams. JT. testa orbiculato-conica, um-

bilicata, levi, nitida ; spira obtusa, anfractibus quinque, planis,

superne angulatis, et concinne crenulatis ; sutura canaliculata ;

lineis albidis, transversis, et maculis fuscis, in sertebus trans-

versis dispositis, et, ad suturas, fascia alba, lata, ornata; aper-

190

tura subquadrata ; umbilico aperto, perspectivo, margine valde

crenulato ; labio recto, subreflexo ; labro postice angulato.

Hab. South Australia. Mus. Cuming.

A beautiful, small, turbinate species, with the whorls elegantly

coronated and with their upper part white.

IsAnpA Lepipa, A. Adams. JI. testa turbinato-conica, albido-

cinerea, polita, umbilicata ; spira elatiuscula, anfractibus ro-

tundis, suturis crenulatis; anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam

subangulato ; umbilico perspectivo, peromphalo, crenato ; aper-

tura quadrato-orbiculari ; labio rectiusculo.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small species of a somewhat conical form, with the sutures

of the whorls crenated, and of an ashy white colour.

IsANDA suLcirerA, A. Adams. JI. testa orbiculato-conoidea,

umbilicata, nitida; spira elatiuscula ; anfractibus quinque

subplanulatis, postice angulatis, et sulco impressis, supremis

ad suturas crenulatis et angulatis, ultimo transversim sulcato,

ad peripheriam carina filiformi cincto; albida, lineis longitu-

dinalibus, angulatis et undulatis, confertis, ornata; umbilico

aperto, perspectivo, intus sulcato, margine crenato; apertura |

subquadrata ; labio subrecto, crenulato.

Hab. Philippines.

In this species there is a conspicuous and deep groove round the

upper part of the whorls near the suture.

IsANDA PULCHELLA, A. Adams. J. testa orbiculata, depresse

umbilicata, nitida; spira depressa, anfractibus quinque, con-

vewiusculis, superne vie angulatis, levibus, inferne transversis,

sulcatis, ad suturas corrugatis ; albida, lineolis fuscis, confer-

tis, longitudinalibus, undulatis, maculisque fuscis, radiatim dis-

positis pulcherrime picta; umbilico patulo, perspectivo, mar-

gine crenulato; apertura transversa, subquadrata ; labio sub-

calloso.

Hab. Puerto Galero, Island of Mindaro, on the sands (H. C.).

Mus. Cuming.

The shell in this species is depressed and shaped as in Umbonium,

but the umbilicus is entirely open, and the margin crenulated.

13. OBSERVATIONS ON SOME RARE INDIAN ANIMALS,

By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

(Mammalia, Pl. XXXV.—XXXVIII.)

Mr. Hodgson having sent to the India House a specimen, with its

skull, of his Tibetan Badger, Taxidea leucurus (Journ. Asiatic Soc.

Bengal, xvi. 763, 1847), I have compared the skull with those of the

various Badgers in the Museum collection. I find that all the Old

World Badgers (Me/es) have a moderate-sized triangular flesh-tooth,

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and a very large four-sided oblong tubercular grinder in the upper

jaw, which is rather longer than broad ; and the skull is rounded be-

hind. The nose of the Tibetan Badger, or Tumpha (Meles leucu-

rus), is rather more tapering and more compressed than that of the

European Badger (Meles tavus), which it most resembles. The

Japanese Badger (Meles ankuma) differs from both in having a much

shorter skull, and a short, rather broad nose.

The American Badgers (Tavidea, Waterhouse) have a very large

triangular flesh-tooth, and an equally triangular tubercular grinder

in the upper jaw, the latter not exceeding the flesh-tooth in size ; the

skull is also much broader, more depressed, and truncated behind.

Of this genus I only know a single species, T. labradoria. The Taai-

dea leucurus of Hodgson is exceedingly like Arctonyz collaris, but

the fur of the back is longer and more flaccid, and the chin and throat

are black, as well as the belly and legs, which is not the case in that

species.

Mr. Hodgson, on my informing him that the skull was very dif-

ferent from the Taxidea of North America, proposed that it should

be formed into a genus under the name of Pseudomeles.

The collection of the East India Company also contains skins of

the following species, recently presented by Mr. Hodgson, which de-

serve notice, as several of them are now transmitted by him for the

first time.

1. Hexictis NEPAULENSIS.

Dark grey ; the forehead and nape black ; the nuchal streak long,

broad, pure white.

Differs from H. Chinensis in the blackness of the nape, and the

distinctness and depth of the colours.

2. Musre.a stricoporsa, Hodgson MSS.

Dark chestnut-brown, with a very narrow streak of a few longer

white hairs down the centre of the back ; the chin, throat and chest,

and a narrow streak down the centre of the belly, pale yellow, be-

coming whiter in the older specimens; tail slender, about half the

length of the body.

3. ParapoxuRUs QuapRIScRIPTUS, Hodgson MSS.

I cannot see any difference between these specimens and the P.

Musanga.

4. PoipHacus GRUNNIENS. The Yak. (Mammalia, Pl. XXXV.)

The skin of a young calf represented in the accompanying plate

is black, with a tuft of long pale yellow hair across the crown of the

head; the under side of the body, and the tail, are covered with

rather long pale yellow hair; the dorsal streak, which is broader

over the withers and rump, and interrupted on the middle of the

back, is white.

192

5. Buporcas TaxicoLtor. (Pl. XXXVI.)

A slendid adult male.

6. Porcuxta saLtvoniA. (Pl. XXXVII.)

7. FeLis MACROSELLOIDES. (Pl. XXXVIII.)

14. On THE Eces or Orocyrs AND PRosTHEMADERA.

By H. F. Wacrter, Esa.

(Aves, Pl. LVI.)

Mr. H. F. Walter exhibited specimens of the eggs of Otogyps and

Prosthemadera nove seelandi@ from his own ccllection.

The egg of Otogyps (Plate LVI. fig. 1) was obtained by Herr

Ludwig Parreyss of Vienna from North Africa, and will therefore be

that of O. nubicus (H. Smith ; Bp. Consp. p. 10), if that species is

really distinct from the southern O. auricularis. The long diameter

of this egg is 3:9, the short diameter 2°8 inches.

The egg of the Parson-bird or Tui, Prosthemadera nove seelandie

(Gm.) (Plate LVI. fig. 2), was taken in New Zealand in 1852 by

Dr. White. Its colouring is somewhat different from that of the

other Honey-eaters with which we are acquainted, not presenting the

usual rich red ground-colour which is the general characteristic of the

eggs of that family of birds. The long diameter of this egg is 1-0,

the short diameter 0°75 inch.

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INDEX.

The names of New Species, and of Species newly characterized, are printed in

Roman Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel

information is given, in J/alies: those of Species respecting which Anatomical Ob-

servations are made, in CAPITALS.

Achatinella acuta, Newe., n. sp., 142

— Adansonii, Newe., n. sp., 137

— aflinis, Newe., n. sp., 142

— albolabris, Newe., n. sp., 149

—- ampla, Newe., n. sp., 137

—— aplustre, Newe., n. sp., 147

— assimilis, Newe., n. sp., 148

—— Baldwinii, Newe., n. sp., 155

Buddii, Newe., n. sp., 155

— cestus, Newe., n. sp., 132

concinna, Newe., n. sp., 157

cornea, Newe., n. sp., 141

crassa, Newe., n. sp., 128, 155

— crassilabrum, Newce., n. sp., 141

— Cumingii, Newe., n. sp., 129, 150

— curta, Newe., n. sp., 144

— cylindrica, Newe., a. sp., 134

— decipiens, Newe., n. sp., 183

dubia, Newe., n. sp., 152

duplicata, Newe., n. sp., 156

elegans, Newe., n. sp., 149

—— Emmersonii, Newe., n. sp., 156

—— flavescens, Newe., nu. sp., 151

fulgens, Newe., n. sp., 131

— fumosa, Newe., n. sp., 140

fusca, Newe., n. sp., 145

— Germana, Newe., n. sp.. 151

— gigantea, Newe., n. sp., 136

glabra, Newc., n. sp., 139

— Gouldii, Newe., n. sp-, 129

grana, Newc., n. sp., 146

—— grisea, Newce., n. sp., 153

— Helena, Newe., n. sp., 151

— hybrida, Newe., n. sp., 147

intermedia, Newe., n. sp., 135

Johnsonii, Newe., n. sp., 147

—— labiata, Newe., n. sp., 141

lineolata, Newe., n. sp-, 140

—— mesta, Newe., n. sp., 157

—— Mastersi, Newe., n. sp., 153

—— melanostoma, Newe., n. sp., 132

— melanotis, Newe., n. sp., 144

— mucronata, Newe., u. sp., 146

—— multilineata, Newc., n. sp., 138

— nitida, Newe., n. sp., 140

Achatinella nivosa, Newe., n. sp., 132

obesa, Newe., n. sp., 143

— obscura, Newe., n. sp., 157

ornata, Newe., nu. sp. 149

ovata, Newce., n. sp., 130

—— Pfeifferi, Newc., n. sp., 129, 150

—— physa, Newe., n. sp., 152

—— plicata, Newe., n. sp., 129

—— polita, Newe., n. sp., 142

porcellana, Newe., n. sp., 146

—— porphyrea, Newe., n. sp., 136

pupoidea, Newe., n. sp-, 144

recta, Newe., n. sp., 145

—— Redfieldi, Newe., n. sp., 131

reticulata, Newe., n. sp., 148

rubiginosa, Newe., n. sp., 154

— rufa, Newe., n. sp., 130

—— rugosa, Newe., n. sp., 138

rutila, Newe., n. sp., 138

—— sanguinea, Newe., n. sp., 135

—-— semicarinata, Newe., n. sp., 156

—— solitaria, Newe., n. sp., 150

sordida, Newe., n. sp., 139

— soror, Newe., n. sp., 143

—— splendida, Newe., n. sp., 131

—— subvirens, Newe., n. sp., 136

—— Swiftii, Newe., n. sp., 133

—— terebra, Newe., n. sp., 144

— tessellata, Newe., n. sp., 139

turgida, Newe., n. sp., 134

variabilis, Newe., n. sp., 154

venulata, Newe., n. sp., 146

violacea, Newe., n. sp., 135

vitrea, Newe., n. sp., 142

Aciculade, 44

Aclis, 39

Acteon, 39

Acteonide, 39

Acus, 39

Acuside, 39

Admete, 39

ALyosoma, Serville, 26

Aigosoma Cingalense, White, n. sp., 27

marginale, 27

ornaticolle, White, n. sp., 27

No. CCLIX*.—ProceEepincs or THE ZOOLOGICAL Sociery.

194

gosoma scabricorne, Serville, 26

sinicum, White, n. sp., 27

sulcipenne, White, n. sp., 28

tibiale, White, n. sp., 28

Agaronia, 35

Alcadia, 42

Alcadia rubella, Pfr., n. sp., 60

Alvania, 39

Amalthia, 44

Amathina, 44

Ambyostoma Californiense, Gray, n. sp.,

Caroline, Gray, 11

punctulatum, Gray, 11

Amphiperas ovum, 40

Amphiperaside, 40

Ampullaria, 42

Ampullariade, 42

Aneillaria, 35

Ancillaria candida, 35

Ancylastrum, 79, 80

Ancylus, 76

Ancylus acutus, Bronn, 89

aduncus, Gould, 80

albus, Hentz, 87

Baconii, Bourg., n. sp., 89

Bahiensis, Moricand, 84

— Barilensis, Moricand, 81

Beani, Bourg., 81

Caffer, Krauss, 81

calcarius, De Kay, 81

capuloides, Jan., 83

Charpentiecrianus, Bourg., 81

compressus, Nyst, 81

concentricus, D’Orb., 81

corneus, Poiret, 87

costatus, Fér., 86

— costulatus, Kiister, 81

— crassus, Hald., 81

—— culicoides, D’Orb., 81

— Cumingianus, Bourg., n. sp., 91

— cyclostoma, Bourg., 82 -

decussatus, Reuss, 88

deperditus, Desm., 82

— depressus, Desh., 88

—- Deshayesianus, Bourg., 82

diaphanus, Hald., 82

—— Drovetianus, Bourg., n. sp., 92

elegans, Sowerby, 88

excentricus, Morelet, 85

Fabrei, Dup., 86

Jilosus, Conrad, 82

JSluviatilis, 83

Frayssianus, Dup., 87

JSuscus, C. B. Adams, 82

Gayanus, D’Orb., 84

— gibbosus, Bourg., 82

— Gussonii, Costa, 89

Haldemanii, Bourg., 83

Havanensis, Pfr., 83

— Hermanni, Fér., 89

INDEX.

Ancylus irroratus, Guilding, 83

— Janii, Bourg., 83

—- lacustris, Linn., 88

luteolus, Parreyss, 86

marginatus, Richw., 83

Matheronii, Boissy, 89

meridionalis, Beck, 86

— Moguinianus, Bourg., n. sp., 89

— Moreletii, Bourg., 83

—— Moricandi, D’Orb., 84

navicula, Spix, 84

— Nuttallii, Hald., 89

obliquus, Broderip, 84

—— oblongus, Charpentier, 83

oblongus, Parreyss, 89

obscurus, Hald., 84

—— obtusus, Morelet, 84

— Orbignyanus, Bourg., 84

parallelus, Hald., 84

Petitianus, Bourg., 85

—— pileolus, Fér., 85

radiatilis, Morelet, 85

radiatus, Guilding, 85

radiolatus, Kiister, 89

Raymondii, Bourg., 85

recurvus, Parreyss, 83

riparius, Desm., 85

rivularis, Say, 85

rotundatus, Fér., 89

rubicola, Puton, 87

— Sauleyanus, Bourg., n. sp., 92

— simplex, Buc’hoz, 86

sinuosus, Brard, 87

— spina-rose, Schmidt, 82

stagnalis, Fér., 89

striatus, Webb, 88

strictus, Morelet, 88

strigatus, Parreyss, 88

— tardus, Say, 88

— thermalis, Boubée, 87

vitraceus, Morelet, 88

Anguillide, 76

Anostoma carinatum, Pfr., n. sp., 57

Apollon, 37

Aporrhaide, 41

Aporrhais, 41

Aporrhais pes-pelicani, 41

Apteronotus, 75

Apteronotus albifrons, Lacep., 75

Architectoma, 39

Architectomide, 39

Aricia, 41

Ascaris bifaria, Baird, n. sp., 19

levissima, Baird, un. sp., 19

osculata, 18

— similis, Baird, n. sp., 18

Asolene, 42

Assiminia, 43

Assiminia Grayana, 43

Aulacorhamphus ceruleogularis, Gould,

n. sp., 45

INDEX.

Auriculade, 34

Bezoardica, 39

Bifrontia, 39

Bithinia, 42

Bothriocephalus antarcticus, Baird, n.sp.,

Briarea scolopendra, Quoy & Gaim., 94

Briarea, Herm., 94

Briareus, Goodsir, 94

Bubo Poensis, Fraser, n. sp., 13

Buceinide, 34

Buccinina, Gray, 34

Buccinum, 34

Buccinum ethiops, Reeve, 182

plumbeum, Chemn., 182

sepimentum, Rang, 182

Bucco radiatus, Sclater, n. sp., 122

rubecula, Spix, 124

— Sstriatipectus, Sclater, n. sp., 123

Buceros Poensis, Fraser, n. sp., 14

Budorcas taxicolor, Hodgs., 191

Bulimus filaris, Pfr., n. sp., 50

flexilabris, Pfr., n. sp., 50

— Keppelli, Pfr., n. sp., 50

— pervius, Pfr., n. sp., 50

victor, P/r., n. sp., 128

Bullia, 34, 39

Cacide, 44

Caecum, 44

Calothorax micrurus, Gould, n. sp., 109

Calyptrea, 44

Calyptrea sinensis, 44

Calyptreide, 44

Cancellaria, 39

Cancellariade, 39

Capulide, 44

Capulus, 44

Capulus hungaricus, 44

Capsa, Brug., 171

Carapus, 75

Carapus brachyurus, Bloch, 75

Cassidide, 38

Cassidulide, 35

Cassidulus morio, 35

Cassis, 39

Cataulus marginatus, Pfr., n. sp., 52

Cerambyx marginalis, Fabr., 27

seabricornis, Scop., 26

Cerithium, 32, 43

Cerithium macrostoma, Hinds, 176

Cerithiopsis, 39

Chamostrea, De Roissy, 167

Chemnitzia, D’Ord., 178

Chemnitzia acicularis, 4. ddams, n. sp,

181

— Boholensis, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 180

candida, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181

clathrata, Jeffreys, 180

— concinna, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181

cornea, 4. Addams, n. sp., 181

— costulata, Mighels, 180

195

Chemnitzia curvicostata, Wood, 180

densecostata, Phil., 180

— elegantissima, Mont., 179

JSenestrata, Forbes, 179

formosa, Jeffreys, 179

fulvocineta, Alder, 179

fusca, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181

gracilis, Phil., 179

grandis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 180

indistincta, Mont., 179

interrupta, Totten, 179

—— lirata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 181

obliquata, Phil., 180

pallida, Phil., 180

pusilla, Phil., 179

—_ rufa, Phil., 179

rufescens, Forbes, 179

scalaris, Phil., 179

—— trilineata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 180

turritella, Pfr., 180

varicosa, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181

Chione gibbosula, Desh., n. sp., 7

regularis, Desh., n. sp., 7

— sphericula, Desh., n. sp., 8

ustulata, Desh., n. sp., 8

Chondropoma venezuelense, P/r., n. sp.,

Chorus, 34

Chrysodomus, 34

Circe, Schumacher, 171

Circe lenticularis, Desh., n. sp., 7

— Metcalfei, Desh., n. sp., 7

personata, Desh., n. sp., 6

pulchra, Desh., n. sp., 6

transversaria, Desh., n. sp., 6

Clavatula, 37

Clavatulina, 37

Clavella, 34

Cleidotherus, Stutchbury, 167

Clementia, Gray, 171

Clementia Moretonensis, Desh., n.sp., 18

—— Strangei, Desh., n. sp., 17

Cochlidium, 35

Colina, 4. Adams, n. g., 176

Colina macrostoma, Hinds, 176

pupiformis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 176

Colus, 34

Cominella crocea, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 97

Concholepas, 34

Conide, 40

Conus, 40

Conus anceps, 4. Adams, n. sp., 119

angulatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 118

— assimilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 118

— celatus, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 117

— commodus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117

— comptus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 119

cyanostomus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 116

—— dealbatus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 117

desidiosus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 119

—— fasciatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 119

196

Conus Hevassii, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 118

innexus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 118

— luridus, 4. ddams, n, sp., 118

-~— neglectus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117

Nove Hollandiz, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

119

— optabilis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 116

preecellens, 4. Adams, n. sp., 119

— pulchellus, Sowerby, 118

pulcher, 4. Adams, n. sp., 117

—— spectabilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117

stigmaticus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 119

succinctus, 4. ddams, un. sp., 118

sulciferus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 116

sticticus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117

vinctus, 4. ddams, nv. sp., 118

Corasia micans, Albers, 110

Corbis celatus, 4. Adams, nu. sp., 69

scitulus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 70

Coriocella, 35

Coriocella perspicua, 35

Corotoca, Schiddte, n. g., 102

Corotoca Melantho, Sch., n. sp., 102

— Phylo, Sch., n. sp., 102

Corynactis heterocera, Thomps., n. sp.,

107

Crepidula lacustris, Fleming, 87

oblonga, Flem., 87

Crucibulum, 44

Crypta, 44

Ctenogaster, Gray, 38

Cuma, 34

Cuneus truncatus, Desh., n. sp., 1

Cyclina sinensis, 25

Cyclophoride, 42

Cyclophorus, 42

Cyclophorus labiosus, Pfr., n. sp., 51

Pirrieanus, Pfr., n. sp., 51

Cyclostoma griseum, Pfr., n. sp., 51

labiosum, Pfr., n. sp., 51

Recluzianum, Pfr., n. sp., 51

—— Pirrieanum, Pfr., n. sp., 51

tubuliferum, Pfr., n. sp., 51

— Venezuelense, Pfr., n. sp., 51

Cyclostrema granulata, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

183.

Cyclotus, 42

Cyclotus Recluzianus, Pfr., n. sp., 51

—— tubulifera, Pfr., n. sp., 51

Cymbiola Turneri, 36

Cymbium, 36

Cynodonta, 36

Cyprea, 41

Cyprea helvola, 41

Cypreade, 41

Cyprinide, 76

Cyprovula, 41

Cyrtonops, White, n. g., 29

Cyrtonops punctipennis, White, n.sp., 29

Cyrtulus, 34

Cytherea elegans, Sow., 6

INDEX.

Cytherea scripta, Lamk., 6

Dactyloglossa, Gray, 40

Defrancianina, Gray, 37

DELPHINUS GLOBICEPS, Cuv., 63, 67

Delphinus Orca, 103

Delphinula costata, Phil., 186

Dendrocolaptes Eytoni, Sclater, n. sp., 69

Desmoulia, 34

Dione crocea, Desh., n. sp., 2

rufescens, Desh., n. sp., 2

phasianella, Desh., n. sp., 2

Distoma microcephalum, Baird, n. sp., 22

Doliide, 37

Dolium, 37

Dodo, 54

Dorsanum, 39

Drillia, 37

Eburna australis, Sowerby, 182

Erato, 41

Esocide, 76

Ethalia, 4. ddams, n. g., 189

Ethalia Guamensis, Quoy & Gaim., 189

striolata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 189

Eulima, 39

Eulima elegantissima, Macgill., 179

Fasciolaria, 36

Fasciolariade, 35

Faunus, 43

Felis macrosceloides, Hodgs., 191

Fossar, Gray, 186

Fossar Adansonii, Phil., 186

—— bicarinatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 187

clathratus, Phil., 186

— costatus, Reeve, 186

Cumingii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 187

— minutus, Michaud, 186

reticulatus, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 186

trochlearis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 187

variegatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 187

Fossarus, Phil., 186

Fulgur, 35

Fusina, Gray, 34

Fusus, 41

Gafrarium celatum, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 69

scitulum, 4. ddams, n. sp., 70

Galerus, 44

Gastridia, Sowerby, 182

Geomelania, 44

Glauconome, Gray, 169

Glauconome psammotella, Desh., n. sp., b

rostralis, Desh., n. sp., 1

Globulus, Schum., 187

Gordius fasciatus, Baird, n. sp., 21

—— platyura, Baird, n. sp., 20

pustulosus, Baird, n. sp., 20

—— spherura, Baird, n. sp., 21

violaceus, Baird, n. sp., 20

verrucosus, Baird, n. sp., 20

Gymnoglossa, Gray, 39

Gymnotus electricus, 75

rostratus, Schn., 75

INDEX.

Hamiglossa, Gray, 34

Harpa, 35

Harpa solidula, 4. Adams, n. sp., 173

striatula, 4. Adams, n. sp., 173

Harpina, Gray, 35

Helianthea Aurora, Gould, n. sp., 61

Tris, Gould, n. sp., 61

Heliangelus viola, Gould, n. sp., 61

Helicina, Lamk., 187

Helicina articulata, Pfr., n. sp., 53

—— Barbadensis, Pfr., n. sp., 50

—- conoidea, Pfr., n. sp., 53

—— foveata, Pfr., n. sp., 53

— modesta, Pfr., n. sp., 52

riparia, P/r., n. sp., 53.

rubella, P/r., n. sp., 60

Helictis nepaulensis, Gray, 191

Heliomaster mesoleucus, 100

Helix ambigua, Limn., 186 -

Armida, Pfr., n. sp., 58

—— Bridwilli, Pfr., n. sp., 49

— Ceres, Pfr., n. sp., 49

ceroides, Pfr., n. sp., 58

Circe, Pfr., n. sp., 49

— Charpentieri, Pfr., n. sp., 127

—— concavospira, Pfr., n. sp., 124

conomphala, Pfr., n. sp., 59

— continua, Pfr., n. sp., 128

— Dennisoni, Pfr., n. sp., 57

— diflicilis, Pfr., n. sp., 127

—— elegantissima, Maton, 179

— foveata, Pfr., n. sp., 126

— fucata, Pfr., n. sp., 59

—— ganoma, P/r., n. sp., 124

—— guttata, Pfr., n. sp., 58

-— Huaheinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 59

—— hyphasma, Pfr., n. sp., 124

— lacera, Pfr., n. sp., 126

Lais, Pfr., n. sp., 49

— MacAndrewiana, Pfr., n. sp., 57

— maxima, Pfr., n. sp., 48

micans, Pfr., 109

— microspira, Pfr., n. sp., 127

—— Oweniana, Pfr., n. sp., 49

— partita, Pfr., n. sp., 125

— politissima, P/r., n. sp., 125

prestans, Pfr., n. sp., 126

—— procera, Pfr., n. sp., 127

purpurascens, Pfr., n. sp., 126

— rapida, Pfr., n. sp., 58

— Shanghaiensis, Pfr., n. sp., 59

— subopaca, P/r., n. sp., 125

— Thwaitesi, Pfr., n. sp., 125

—— trifilosa, Pfr., n. sp., 125

—— veronica, Pfr., n. sp., 58

Hermes nussatella, 117

spectabilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117

— violaceus, 117 .

Hindsia, 4. ddams, n. g., 182

Hindsia acuminata, Reeve, 182

bitubercularis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 183

197

Hindsia carduus, Reeve, 182

egregia, Reeve, 183

nassoides, Reeve, 182

nivea, Pfr., 182

—— nodicostata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 183

suturalis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 183

varicifera, 4. Adams, n. sp., 183

Hipponyx, 44

Hipponyx granulata, 4. Adams, n. sp.,

176

Holcostoma, 4. Adams, n. g., 174

Holcostoma setigerum, .4. Adams, n. sp.,

174

Hyalina, 37

Hylocharis, 100

Lanthina, 32

Isanda, H. & 4. Adams, n. g., 189

Isanda coronata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 189

—— lepida, 4. Adams, n. sp., 190

sulcifera, 4. ddams, n. sp., 190

pulchella, 4. ddams, n. sp., 190

Janella, Gray, n. g., 111

Janella antipodarum, Gray, n. sp., 111

Jeffreysia, 42

Johnstonella Catharina, Gosse, 94

Labride, 76

Lagena, 36

Lamellaria, 35

Lamellariade, 35

Lanistes, 42

Latiaxis Fortuni, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 99

nodosus, 4. ddams, un. sp., 98

Latirus, 34

Letodomus, 39

Levenia, 39

Lepas rostrata, Argenville, 86

simplex, Arg., 86

Limax bitentaculatus, Quoy & Gaim., 111

Litiopa, 43

Littorina, 34, 43

Littorina littorea, 43

Littorinide, 43

Lucinopsis, Forbes, 26

Luponia, 41

Lypornis ruficapilla, Tschudi, 124

Macgillivrayia straminea, 4. ddams,n.sp.,

Mactra zquilateralis, Desh., n. sp., 17

—— complanata, Desh., n. sp., 14

—— cornea, Desh., n. sp., 16

-—— Cuvieri, Desh., n. sp., 17

eximia, Desh., n. sp., 16

— mera, Desh., n. sp., 16

— meretriciformis, Desh., n. sp., 16

— obesa, Desh., n. sp., 16

—— pura, Desh., n. sp., 15

quadrangularis, Desh., n. sp., 15

— Reevei, Desh., n. sp., 15

— sulcataria, Desh., n. sp., 15

—— symmetrica, Desh., n. sp., 17

—— veneriformis, Desh., n. sp., 15

198

Magillus, 34

Malacoptila aspersa, Sclater, n. sp., 123

fulvogularis, Selater, n. sp., 123

substriata, Sclater, n. sp., 123

Malea, 37

Mammiila, 38

Mangelia, 37

Marissa, 42

Marsenina, 34, 38

Melanatria, 43

Melania, 43

Melania elegantissima, Forbes, 179

— mirifica, 4. Adams, un. sp., 99

pallida, Phil., 180

orientalis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 99

rufa, Phil., 179

sealaris, Phil., 179

speciosa, 4. ddams, n. sp., 99

Melaniade, 43

Melanopsis, 32, 43

Melanopsis buccinoides, 43

Menura Alberti, 45

Meretrix grata, Desh., n. sp., 7

Mermis rigidus, Baird, n. sp., 19

spiralis, Baird, n. sp., 19

Metula Cumingii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 173

Mingeria, 34

Mitra, 36

Mitra adusta, 36

episcopalis, 36

Mitrina, Gray, 36

Modulus, 43

Morio, 39

Morsus Norvegicus, Olaus Magnus, 113

Morum tuberculatum, Sow., 174

— xanthostoma, 4. ddams, n. sp., 174

Murex, 32, 34 ;

Murex armatus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 71

Australiensis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 72

— castus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 71

coccineus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 72

-— Coreanicus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 72

— despectus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 72

diadema, 4. ddams, n. sp., 70

— fimbriatus, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 71

— nitens, 4. ddams, n. sp., 72

pauxillus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 71

— pumilus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 70

— Salleanus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 70

scalaris, 4. ddams, n. sp., 71

— subspinosus, 4, Adams, n. sp., 72

trivialis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 71

Muricide, 34

Muricina, Gray, 34

Mustela strigodorsa, Hodgs., 191

Nanina, Gray, 109

Nanina Albaiensis, Gray, 110

Naria, 41

Nassa, 34

Nassina, Gray, 34

Natica, 32

INDEX.

Natica Fossar, Adanson, 186

pulchella, 68

Naticide, 38

Neptunella, 38

Neptunellina, Gray, 38

Nerita costata, Broce., 186

Neverita, 38

Nonnula, Sclater, n. g., 124

Nonnula rudecula, Spix, 124

Northia, 34

Obeliscus, 39

Odontoglossa, Gray, 35

Odostomia, 39

Odostomia clathrata, Jeffreys, 180

Senestrata, Jefft., 179

formosa, Jeft., 179

indistincta, Jeff., 180

lactea, Setf., 179

— rufa, Jeff., 179

scalaris, Jeff., 179

Oligyra, 42

Oligyrade, 42

Olivella, 35

Olivina, Gray, 35

Oniscia grandis, 4. ddams, un. sp., 185

Onustus, 42

Oreotrochilus, 100

Otogyps nubicus, H. Smith, 192

Pagodus, 43

Paludomus, 42

Paradoxurus quadriscriptus, Hodgs., 191

Parthenia crenata, Lowe, 179

elegantissima, Lowe, 179

turritella, Pfr., 180

Patella cornea, Poiret, 86

Jluviatilis, Lister, 86

lacustris, Linn., 88

—— oblonga, Lightfoot, 89

picolissima, Ginan., 88

Pentastoma annulatum, Baird, n. sp., 21,

—— megacephalum, Baird, un. sp., 21

Pedicularia, 41

Pedicularia sicula, 41

Pediculariade, 41

Percide, 76

Persicula, 37

Persona, 37

Personina, Gray, 37

Pfeifferia, Gray, n. g., 110

Pfeifferia micans, Gray, 110

Phaéthornis, 100

Phoride, 42

Phorus, 42

Phos fasciatus, 4. d4dams, n. sp., 175

filosus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 175

— ligatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 175

—— plicatus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 175

Physa Salleana, Dunk., n. sp., 53

Phytophaga, Lamk., 32

Pinaxia, 4. ddams, un. g., 185

INDEX.

Pinaxia coronata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 185

Pisania, 34

Pitonellus, Montf., 187

Planaxide, 43

Planaxina, Gray, 34

Planaxis, 32, 43

Planorbis refulgens, Dunker, n. sp. 54

Salleanus, Dunk., n. sp., 54

Plecotrema, H. §& 4. Adams, n. g., 120

Plecotrema clausa, H. & 4. Adams, n. sp.,

121

— concinna, H. & A. Adams, nu. sp.,

122

— decussata, H. § A. Adams, nu. sp.,

121

— exarata, H. & 4. Adams, n. sp., 122

— imperforata, H. & A. Adams, n. sp.,

120

— inequalis, C. B. Adams, 122

— labreila, Desh., 122

—— lirata, H. & A. Adams, n. sp., 121

— monilifera, H. § A. Addams, n. sp.,

120

— punctato-striata, H. & 4. Addams,

n. sp., 121

— punctigera, H. & A. Adams, n. sp.,

120

typica, H. & 4. Adams, n. sp., 120

Pleurotoma, 37

Pleurotomide, 37

Pleurotomina, Gray, 37

Plotia mirifica, 4. ddams, n. sp., 99

orientalis, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 99

Poéphagus grunniens, 191

Polinices, 38

Pomatias, 42

Pomella, 42

Pomus, 42

Porcellana, 37

Porcellana glabella, 37

Porcellanina, Gray, 37

Porcula salvania, 191

Porcus monstrosus, Olaus Magnus, 113

Pregistoma Cumingiana, Pfr., n. sp., 52

Prionus scabricornis, Fab., 6

Proboscidifera, Gray, 33

Prosthemadera nove seelandie, Gmel.,

192

Pseudodactylus, Herm., 182

Pseudoliva, 34

Pseudoliva, Swains., 184

Pseudoliva ethiops, Reeve, 184

australis, Sow., 184

— Kellettii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 185

monoceros, Gray, 184

—— plumbea, Chemn., 184

—— sepimenta, Rang., 184

striatula, 4. ddams, n. sp., 184

— zebrina, 4. ddams, n. sp., 184

Pseudomeles, Hodgs., 191

Pterocera, 41

199

Ptilonopus chrysogaster, G. R. Gray,

n. sp., 48

—— purpureocinctus, G. R. Gray, n. sp.,

Pupina Cumingiana, P/r., n. sp., 52

Purpura, 34

Purpura costata, Sowerby, 186

Purpurina, Gray, 34

Pusionella, 34

Pusionella grandis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 73

lirata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 73

Pusionellina, Gray, 34

Pyramidella, Lamk., 176

Pyramidella awris-cati, Chemn., 177

glans, Reeve, 177

— gracilis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 178

maculosa, Lamk., 177

— magnifica, Adams & Reeve, 177

— mitralis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 177

—— nitida, 4. Adams, n. sp., 178

— plicata, Lamk., 177

—— propinqua, 4. ddams, n. sp., 177

punctata, Wagner, 177

— subulata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 177

variegata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 178

Pyramidellide, 39

Pyramidellina, Gray, 39

Pyramis crenatus, Brown, 179

elegantissima, Brown, 179

indistinctus, Brown, 180

Pyrgula clathrata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 185

Quoyia, 43

Rachiglossa, Gray, 36

Ranella, 37

Ranella jucunda, 4. Adams, n. sp., 70

Ranellina, Gray, 37

Rapana, 34

Rapana clathrata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 97

coralliophila, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98

— Fortuni, 4. Adams, n. sp., 99

fragilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98

— pulchella, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98

nodosa, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98

— scala, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98

suturalis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98

Rhinoceros Oswellii, Gray, n. sp., 46

Rhinochilus, 34

Rhinoclavis, 43

Rhizochilus clathratus, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

— coralliophilus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98

—— fragilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98

— pulchellus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98

— scala, A. Adams, n. sp., 98

— suturalis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98

Ringicula, 34

Rissoa, 43

Rissoa lucullana, Scacchi, 186

membranacea, 43

Rissoella, 42

Rissoellide, 42

200 INDEX.

Rissoina, Gray, 42

Rosmarus, Gesner, 112, 114

Rostrifera, Gray, 33, 39

Rotelia, Lamk., 187

Rotella aucta, Sow., 188

conica, Adams & Reeve, 188

costata, Valenc., 188

elegans, Beck, 188

— gigantea, Lesson, 188

— Guamensis, Quoy & Gaim., 189

— Javanica, Lamk., 188

lineolata, Lamk., 187

monilifera, Lamk., 188

rosea, Lamk., 188

sagittata, Hinds, 188

suturalis, Lamk., 188

Saturnia calleta, Westw., n. sp., 161

Chapata, Westw., n. sp., 162

Janeira, Westw., n. sp., 164

Jorulla, Westw., n. sp., 159

— Lavendera, Westw., n. sp., 160

— Melvilla, Westw., n. sp., 166

Orizaba, Westw., n. sp., 158

Pluto, Westw., n, sp., 164

— Sapatoza, Westw., n. sp., 163

—— Thibeta, Westw., n. sp., 166

Zacateca, Westw., u. sp., 159

Scalaria, 32

Scalaria Turtoni, 39

Scalariade, 39

Scapha, 36

Scaphula, 35

Scytotypide, 38

Scytotypus, 38

Semele amabilis, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 97

ameena, 4. Addams, n. sp., 95

— Californica, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96

— casta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96

— compta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 97

— decora, 4. Adams, n. sp., 97

Gruneri, 4. Adams, un. sp., 95

— Jovis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 94

— jucunda, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96

Jukesi, 4. Adams, n. sp., 95

— leta, 4. Adams, un. sp., 96

— luteola, A. Adams, n. sp., 95

—— Martini, 4. Adams, n. sp., 97

modesta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 95

pulchella, 4. ddams, n. sp., 97

sinensis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 95

— sponsa, 4. Adams, n. sp., 95

venusta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96

— vestalis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96

virginea, 4. ddams, n. sp., 96

Seraphina, Gray, 41

Seraphys, 41

Separatista, 41

Serpuloides, 43

Sigaretus costatus, Serres, 186

Siliquaria, 43

Siluride, 76

Sistrum, 34

Skenea, 43

Sorex purpurascens, Templeton, n.sp., 100

Spathura cissiura, Gould, n. sp., 109

Peruana, 109

Spirachtha, Schiédte, n. g., 102

Spirachtha Eurymedusa, Sch., n. sp., 102

Spiraxis paradoxa, Pfr., n. sp., 128

Stomatia, 38

Stomatia bicarinata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 74

Stomatella Arabica, 4. ddams, n. sp., 74

Baconi, 4. Adams, n. sp., 73

— calliostoma, 4. Adams, n. sp., 74

Cumingii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 74

Strephona, 35

Strombide, 41

Strombina, Gray, 41

Strombus, 41

Struthiolaria, 33, 41

Struthiolaria monoceros, Gray, 182

Stylina, 39

Stylina fulvescens, 4. Adams, n. sp., 73

Subula, 39

Succinea margarita, P/r, n. sp., 60

Tenia Bremseri, Baird, n. sp., 23

calva, Baird, n. sp., 24

— denticula, 24

expansa, 24

— falciformis, Baird, n. sp., 24

— Goezii, Baird, n. sp., 24

Zederi, Baird, n. sp., 24

Tznioglossa, Gray, 37, 40

Tapes alba, Desh., n. sp., 8

biradiata, Desh., n. sp., 9

cinerea, Desh., n. sp., 11

fabagella, Desh., n. sp., 10

grata, Desh., n. sp., 9

—— inflata, Desh., n. sp., 8

— Japonica, Desh., n. sp., 10

—— obscurata, Desh., n. sp., 8

punicea, Desh., n. sp., 10

quadriradiata, Desh., n. sp., 9

— similis, Desh., n. sp., 8

turgidula, Desh., n. sp., 8

variegata, Sow., 10

violascens, Desh., n. sp., 10

Taxidea leucurus, Hodgs., 190

Teinostoma, 4. Adams, n. g., 183

Teinostoma politum, 4. Adams, n. sp.,

184

Telescopium, 43

Terebellum, 43

Terebra, 32

Terebra formosa, Bean, 180

Termes, 101

Testudo elephantopus, Harlan, 12

Indica, 12

planiceps, Gray, n. sp., 12

Tetraogallus Tibetanus, Gould, nu. sp., 47

Tetrarhynchus rugosus, Baird, n. sp., 22

— strangulatus, Baird, n. sp., 23

INDEX. 201

Thalassidroma Hornbyi, G. R. Gray,

n. sp., 62

Tiara speciosa, 4. Adams, n. sp., 99

Tomella, 37

Tomopteris, Menke, 94

Tomopterus onisciformis, Eschsch., 94

Torinia, 39

Toxoglossa, Gray, 37, 40

Trichecus rosmarus, 103

Trichotropis, 41

Trichotropis bicarinatus, 38

borealis, Lovén, 38, 41

Trigonia nobilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 73

Triphoris, 43

Triton, 37

Tritonide, 37

Tritonina, Gray, 37

Trivia, 41

Trochilus cyanicollis, Gould, n. sp., 61

floriceps, Gould, n. sp., 62

Trochita, 44

Trochus vestiarius, Linn., 187

Trophon, 34

Truncatella, 44

Truncatellide, 44

Turbinellide, 36

Turbinellus, 36

Turbo acutus, Donov., 179

costatus, Scacchi, 186

— elegantissimus, Mout., 179

— lacteus, Linn., 179

similis, Mont., 179

Turritella costulata, Mighels, 180

elegantissima, Flem., 179

— fulvocincta, Thomp., 179

— indistincta, Flem., 179

interrupta, Totten, 179

truncata, Flem., 180

Tylodina, 39

Tylodinina, 39

Typhis fimbriatus, 4. 4dams, nu. sp., 70

Umbonium, Link, 187

Umbonium chalconotum, 4. <ddams,

n. sp., 188

— conicum, 4. Adams, n. sp., 188

costatum, Valenc., 188

—— depressum, 4. ddams, n. sp., 188

elegans, Beck, 188

—— giganteum, Lesson, 188

Javanicum, Lamk., 188

Guamense, Quoy & Gaim., 189

— moniliferum, Lamk., 188

sagittatum, Hinds, 188

—— striolatum, 4. Adams, n. sp., 189

suturale, Lamk., 188

Umbonium vestiarium, Linn., 187

Zelandicum, 4. Adams, n. sp., 189

Vacca marina, Gesner, 113

Valvata, 44

Valvataiscinalis, 44

Valvatide, 44

Vanicoro, 43

Vanicoro Quoyiana, 4. Adams, n. sp., 175

rugata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 174

Vanicoroide, 43

Velletia, 79

Velletia filosus, Hald., 82

lacustris, Gray, 89

Velutina, 35, 38

Velutina haliotidea, 38

Velutinide, 38

Venus casina, Chemn., 3

clathrata, Desh., n. sp., 3

: consobrina, Desh., n. sp., 3

crispata, Desh., n. sp., 2

— Listeri, Sow., 3

— scripta, Chemn., 6

— sculpta, Desh., n. sp., 3

Sowerbyi, Desh., n. sp., 2

Venerupis Chinensis, Desh., n. sp., 4

Cumingii, Desh., n. sp., 4

—— derelicta, Desh., n. sp., 4

digona, Desh., n. sp., 3

—— elegans, Desh., n. sp., 5

insignis, Desh., n. sp., 6

— mitis, Desh., n. sp., 5

— obesa, Desh., nu. sp., 5

paupercula, Desh., n. sp., 5

— planicosta, Desh., n. sp., 4

pulcherrima, Desh., n. sp., 4

siliqua, Desh., n. sp., 5

Vermetide, 43

Vermetus, 43

Vexilla lineata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 73

Vibex, 43

Vitrina Keppelli, P/r., n. sp., 60

planospira, Pfr., n. sp., 60

Salomonia, P/r., n. sp., 60

Viviparide, 42

Viviparus, 42

Voluta, 36

Voluta auris-cati, Chemn., 177

spiralis, Rumph., 177

Volutidae, 36

Volutina, Gray, 36

Volutomitra, 37

Volutomitrina, Gray, 36

Yetus olla, 36

Zoophaga, Lamk., 32

Printed by TayLor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

PART XXII.

1854.

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ;

SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE,

AND BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS,

PATERNOSTER ROW.

ris

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wae? Ge

MOOK0 nL

FMP

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vb ~ . a ee y ——

MJ 7 Cc.

LIST

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articles contributed by each.

Apams, Artuur, F.L.S. &c.

Further Contributions towards the Natural History of the

Trochide ; with a description of a New Genus, and of several

New Species, from the Cumingian Collection ............

Description of a New Genus and of several New Species of

Gasteropodous Mollusca, from the Cumingian Collection. .

Monographs of Acteon and Solidula, Two Genera of

Gasteropodous Mollusca, with aa of several New

Species from the Cumingian Collection .

A Monograph of Cerithidea, a Genus of Mollusca, with

descriptions of several New Species, from the Collection of

Hugh Cuming, Esq. ; to which are added descriptions of Two

New Species of Colina, and One of Donax hal ae

Descriptions of Thirty-nine New Species of Shells, from

the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. ..................

Descriptions of Twenty-seven New Species of Shells, from

the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. ..........-.....--

Apvams, H. & A.

Monographs of Ellobium and RnR Two Genera of

Pulmoniferous Mollusca. . reese 5 mt

Contributions towards the Natural Og of the Auricu-

lide, a Family of Pulmoniferous Mollusca, with descriptions

of many New Species from the Cumingian Collection .... ..

page

130

Barro, WixtuiAM, M.D., F.L.S. page

Description of a New Species of Cypris................ 6

Bureess, Lieut.

Notes on the Habits of Indian Birds. . 1, 45, 102, 142, 158, 255

Desuayes, M. G. P.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells, from the Collection

of Hhiph Cini bsg 22kEe. v) od co. GY 13, 62

Descriptions of New Shells from the Collection of Hugh

Comic pine pene eer. eS os dss sas are ee eee 317

GasKOIN, J. S.

Descriptions of Two New Species of Land Shells........ 152

Gou.p, Joun, F.R.S. &e..,

On a New Species of Musophaga .................... 28

Exhibition of Fuligula ferinoides, Bartlett ............ 95

Descriptions of Two New Species of Pucrasia.......... 99

Description of a New Species of Humming Bird from Quijos. 109

Description of a New Species of Momotus.............. 154

Description of a New Bird from Guatemala, forming the

type of a New Genus. coe One OOF 2 Ret RB,

Gray, Dr. Jonn Enwarp, F.R.S., Vice-President.

Description of a New Genus and Species of Seal (Helio-

phoca atlantica) from Madeira .................2.5.-.. 48

On the Reproduction of the Lost Part of an Operculum,

and its probable Restoration when entirely destroyed ...... 100

On Runema Haneoeht ice an... 0 ae

On the Genus Modiolarca . pelea tn nt OS

On the Genus Miilleria of Ns or Acostea, D’ DOrbieny. 129

Description of a New Species of Petrogale ............ 249

On a New Species of Rhinoceros ............-.045++4. 250

GuLLiver, Grorece, F.R.S. page

On the Size of the Red Corpuscles of the Blood of the Great

Ant-eater (Myrmecophaga jubata)..........0 ce cece cee

Harcourt, Epwarp VERNON.

Description of a New Species of Regulus, from Madeira . .

Layarp, Epear L., F.Z.S. &e.

Observations on the Genus Paludomus of Swainson, with

descriptions of several New Species, and the description of a

New Species Of Aculotig oo .0' eke ad sans eases oe ee

Lowe, R. T., M.A.

Catalogus Molluscorum Pneumonatorum Insularum Made-

rensium: or a List of all the Land and Freshwater Shells,

Recent and Fossil, of the Madeiran Islands: arranged in

Groups according to their Natural Affinities; with Diagnoses

of the Groups, and of the new or hitherto imperfectly defined

20 50 RR ld Eas si oe ies oA Ee fey pao

Moors, FREDERIC.

A Monograph of the Genus Ruticil/a, with Descriptions

at some New Species... 04. 25.240 weaiceit): FF o.inaptedll

Descriptions of some new and little-known Species of Birds

from Northern India, contained in the Museum of the

Honourable East India Company ......................

Notice of the Species of the Genus Orthotomus of Horsfield,

with descriptions of a New Species, and of those hitherto

TY eS aan Mohan et ee te: fe eC ee

Notice of a New Indian Swallow ....................

Notice of some New Species of Birds contained in the Mu-

seum of the Honourable East India Company ............

Notice of all the known Species of the Genus Accentor,

with the description of an uncharacterized Species from Nepal.

Descriptions of Three New Species of Titmice ..........

153

161

104

116

139

Moors, Freperic (continued).

Notice of some imperfectly-known Species of Birds contained

in the Museum of the Honourable East India Company .... 141

List of Malayan Birds collected by Theodore Cantor, Esq.,

M.D., with descriptions of the imperfectly-known Species .. 258

Descriptions of Two New Species of the Genus Orthotomus. 309

Newcome, Dr.

Abstract of Descriptions of some Animals of Achatinella,

and other Remarks... . . 310

Owen, Professor, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &c.

On the ead of the Great Anteater lout woes

jubata). . RR aso axes .. 154

On the Bones of the Leg of Dinornis s (Ploptory) stru-

thioides and the Palapteryx gracilis... a Re

Pre1rFer, Dr. L.

Descriptions of Forty-two New Species of Helix, from the

Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. ...... 2... una J. nod

Descriptions of Four New Species of Bulimus, from the

Collection of H. Cummg, Esq. ........--. ee Wo Se 57

Descriptions of Six New Species of Awriculacea, from the

Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. ..................00.004 121

Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Helicea, from the

Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. .......... Pilg

Descriptions of Eleven New Species of Cyclostomacea, from

the Collection.of WH: Cuming, Esq. 2556206355203. 03.0% 126

Descriptions of Twenty-three Species of Helicea, from the

Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. .......0..0..000. coe 145

Descriptions of Seven Species of Cyclostomacea and Auri-

culacea, from Mr. Cuming’s Collection............/..... 150

Descriptions of Fifty-seven New Species of Helicea, from

Mr. Cuming’s Collection . 286

mege

vil

Preirrer, Dr. L. (continued). page

Descriptions of Three New Species of Pythia.... ...... 298

Descriptions of Eighteen New Species of Cyclostomacea,

mum Mr. Cuniing’s Colleetian sate face sis oo oe wate 299

A Monograph of the Genera Realia and Hydrocena .... 304

Reeve, Lovett, F.L.S. &c.

Description of a New Volute, from New Caledonia .... .. he

ScuaTeER, Puitie Lutuey, M.A.

Characters of some New or imperfectly-described Species

ar Vanacers...... 2... SPSS NE Oct cit a eincehAateatt- «452 95

List of a Collection of Birds received by Mr. Gould from

the Province of Quijos in the Republic of Ecuador ........ 109

Description of Two New Tanagers in the British Museum . 157

Description of a New Tanager of the Genus Calliste .... 248

Description of a second Species of the Genus Proenias.... 249

On Two New Species of Dacnis, and on the General

Arrangement of the Geaysesyes oP eae roe apse = 251

Descriptions of Six New Species of Birds of the Subfamily

OPIMEUPUNE hohe: i's. qa tele TASTE GANS scoimnyteremess St 253

Westwoop, J. O:, F.L.S. &c.

Descriptions of some Species of Lepidopterous Insects

belonging to the Genus Ovketicus .......... 0. eee eee eee 219

LIST OF PLATES.

1854.

pate MAMMALIA. an

OXON Petrog ale WOniOPUs: o-oo n oie » a diols eis see's ojo eines cin 249

AVES.

LVII. Ruticilla phenicuroides, F. Moore ..............-455 25

LVIIL. ——— Hodgson, F. Moore «........s0.s0000-000% 25

LIX. -——- rufogularis, F. Moore............-00.00 000 25

LX. ——, Vigorsi, F. Moore .\.).. 2 .)..0.). 2/804. odes 25

LXI. — mgrogularis, He. MOOre ..... .. cise sy cues onay 25

LXII. Nemura Hodgsoni, F. Moore.............0c0ceeeeees 74

LXII. Delichon-nipatensis, F: Moore’........0......000000% 104

LXIV. Buthraupis chloronota, Sclater .............00. 0000s 95

fav et PMC aD. A) i, gc dlurh) 20, siping. 95

concinna, Sclater

LXVI. Tyrannula phenicura, Sclater .......... 000 ee eee ee 109

LXVII. Arremon spectabilis, Sclater ............0.e00-seeeee 109

LXVIII. Chlorospingus melanotis, Sclater .............002-00- 157

LXIX. Tachyphonus xanthopygius, Sclater ....... Sobicis samira 157

LXX. Myrmeciza leucaspis, Sclater..........0..0.000ee eee 253

LXXI. ————~ margaritata, Sclater ............0.0.0055 253

Pithys erythrophrys, Sclater .............00.2000e008 253

LAH i Hypocnemis melanolema, Sclater .............200000: 253

LXXIII. —————— melanosticta, Sclater...........0...20-0- 253

LXXIV. Formicivora caudata, Sclater............000eeeeceeee 253

LXXV. Malacocichia dryas, Gould ..........22 2.200000 285

LXXVI. Orthotomus derbianus, F.. Moore ............5...+++- 309

MOLLUSCA.

XXVI. Voluta Deshayesii, Reeve ..........0cccccveecucuces 73

ae } ur. Adams’s New Species of Shells .......... 37, 41, 130

XXIX. { Miilleria, Sowerby (Acostea, d’Orbigny).............. 129

Bulimus bivaricosus, Gaskom ..........00 0000 eee ee 152

ANNULOSA.

XXXIV.

XXXV. |

XXXVI | Mr. Westwood’s new species of Oiketicus

XXXVII.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 10, 1854.

H. F. Walter, Esq., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Norres on THE Hasits oF INDIAN Birps.—Part I.

By Lieut. BurcGeEss.

Order I. Raprores.

Family VuLtuRIDz.

Genus VuLTUR.

VuLtTurR PonpiceRiANus. BuLack VULTURE.

This Vulture, as far as I have had opportunities of observing it, is

much more common in the Deccan than either the large (Vultur Indi-

cus) or the small brown Vulture (Vultur Bengalensis). I have never,

however, seen more than two or three together, and these generally

in the neighbourhood of the low ranges of hills which intersect that

part of the country. As this bird has doubtless been already figured,

it is not my purpose in these notes to enter into any further descrip-

tion of it, but merely to state what I have observed of its habits,

food, manner and time of nesting, with any other information regard-

ing it which I may have gained by actual investigation, or learned

from credible sources. In its habits the Black Vulture, I should cer-

tainly say, is not gregarious; I do not remember to have seen more

than four or five together, and then it has been for the purpose of

partaking of a social meal. It flies in circles with the wings extended,

apparently without motion, and their tips pointed upwards, the legs

being stretched out beneath the tail. The food of this Vulture con-

sists of decaying animal substances ; one which I shot drinking in a

No. CCLX.—ProcerepDInGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

stream disgorged the entire leg of acat. They breed during the months

of February and March. In my notes taken at the time, I find the

following :— March 7. Found to-day, on the top of rather a low pee-

pul (species of banian tree), the nest of the Black Vulture, on which

one of the old birds was sitting. The nest, which was very large,

was built of small sticks; it contained one egg. On the same tree a

pair of the Black-headed Ibis (Tantalus melanocephalus, Lath.) had

also built their nest ; it contained four white eggs, very similar to those

of the Pelican Ibis (7. leucocephalus).’’—‘ March 19. Shot a male

Black Vulture sitting on one egg; the nest was about a yard in cir-

cumference, built on the top of a thorny tree; it was composed of

the thorny branches and other sticks below it. Among the thorny

twigs forming the nest were two small nests, belonging to birds of

the Passerine order, containing young.”’ In both these cases only one

ege was found, of a pure white colour, 3,8, inches in length by 335

inches in width. In a third also, only one egg was found. The na-

tives say that the Black Vulture lays two eggs, containing a male and

female bird, but these facts seem opposed to such a statement.

Genus NrorHrRon.

NEOPHRON PERCNOPTERUS. EGYPTIAN VULTURE.

This is the most common and most efficient scavenger to be found

in the cantonments of India. The last-mentioned Vulture feeds only,

I believe, on decaying animal substances, but this bird usurps the

place of the night-cart, removing the filth that would otherwise cause

pestilence under a tropical sun. Any one who has been in India must

have observed these disgusting-looking birds, from the young in its

black to the mature in their white plumage, stalking with awkward

gait in troops about the plains which generally surround an Indian

military station, and no one can mistake the errand on which they

are there. They breed during the months of February, March, and

probably April. -I have found their nests most frequently during

the month of March. The nest, of a large size, is composed of sticks ;

in one case it was lined with rags and other refuse. It is generally

built on tall trees, especially the banian. I found one on a ledge of

rock on the side of a steep hill. The eggs are in general two in num-

ber, varying very much in colour, from white spotted with brown tc

a universal rust or liver-brown, darkest at the large end; 2,4, inches

in length by 2, inches in breadth. One nest contained two eggs, one

nearly white, the other equally brown. The young when first hatched

are covered with a whitish-brown down, the down being whitest on

the oldest. I give a description of a young bird brought to me on

the 15th of April: “‘ Beak and naked skin under the chin and about

the gape and beak, dull greenish lead-colour, that over the eyes

and on the forehead, lead. Irides dark; a white spot of down on

the crown of the head; feathers on the neck and upper part’ of the

body tipped with ferruginous; back upper tail-coverts dull white,

tipped with fawn ; tail-feathers dull whitish fawn; lesser coverts

whitish, tipped with ferruginous brown; quills greenish-black ; legs

and feet dull lead-colour ; middle toe very long.” In notes taken at

the time, I find an entry that I saw an Egyptian Vulture on her nest

as late as the 4th of May.

Family Fatconip2.

Subfamily AquiLinz.

Genus AquiLa.

The eggs of the Eagle forwarded with these notes are those, I be-

lieve, of Aquila fusca, Gray (identical I imagine with Aquila nevia,

Gould), because that bird is by far the most common of the family

in that part of Western India situated above the Ghauts. In the

hilly portions of the country this bird may be seen perched on some

elevated point of rock, sitting motionless, basking in the rays of the

early sun; in the plains a solitary tree is almost sure to have one of

them on its topmost branch. After the sun has been up some two

or three hours, it commences its search for food, consisting chiefly, I

believe, of hares. A Mharatta of high family, who had a very con-

siderable knowledge of the habits of the birds of the country, told me

that when an eagle discovers a hare in her form, which is generally

in the grass at the foot of a bush, she will strike the bush with her

wings to drive her victim out, before striking at it. That a large

portion of this eagle’s food consists of hares, I can attest, having

found their skulls and bones in a nest. The nest, of a large size and

composed of sticks, is built on tall trees; it contains two egos, 2,7,

inches in length and 2, inches in breadth, of a white ground,

sprinkled over with reddish spots. They commence breeding as

early as the latter end of November, and their eggs may be found up

to the beginning of April.

Subfamily Cyminpinz.

Genus Exanvs.

ELANUS MELANOPTERUS.

I was never able to procure the nest and eggs of this handsome

little Kite, but A. F. Davidson, Esq., of the Revenue Survey, a great

sportsman and accurate observer of birds, told me that he obtained

a young bird of this species and two eggs. The eggs were of a pure

white colour, and about as large as the egg of the Indian Blue Pigeon.

They were laid during the month of December. The stomach of one

of these birds contained a rat.

From the colour of the eggs, and the manner in which the radia-

ting hairs between the eye and beak meet over the ridge of the beak,

it has struck me that this bird approaches nearer to the family of the

Harriers than that of the Kites. Dr. Jerdon, in his notes, also says

that “it frequents long grass and grain fields, over which it may be

seen to hover like the Kestril.”

Subfamily BuTEonIN».

Genus Mitvus.

Mitvus AFrinis. Common Inp1ANn KITE.

This is one of the most common, if not the commonest bird of prey

to be found in India. Over every cantonment, town and village they

are to be seen, sweeping round in graceful circles, ever and anon

making a swoop, as their quick eye descries some offal thrown out

from cook-room or hut, seizing it in their claws without alighting,

and making their repast on the wing. So sudden and bold is their

dash, that in two cases which occurred amongst my own servants, a

Kite pounced on the contents of a plate which a servant was bringing

from the cook-room, and was off almost before the man knew who

the thief was, and whence he came. On another occasion the theft

was not confined to meat, for either a silver fork or spoon was thus

whipped up, and the thief, after being chased by the affrighted

servant, and scared by his shouting, dropped it in a neighbouring

garden. The poor servant doubtless thought that a Kite would never

be suspected of having committed the theft. The food of this bird

consists of every kind of animal refuse; and in providing two such

efficient scavengers as this Kite and the Egyptian Vulture, in a coun-

try where all animal matter begins at once to decay and would form

a constant source of pestilence, the hand of an all-wise aud gracious

God is clearly visible. The common Indian Kite builds its nest on

tall trees, during the months of February, March and April. I saw

a bird building as late as the 18th of April. The nest is composed

of sticks, and contains as many as three eggs. I never found more

than that number. The eggs are 2,3; inches in length and 143 inch

in breadth, varying a good deal in colour, but generally of a whitish

ground, more or less blotched and spotted with reddish-brown; in

some the markings are chiefly at the large end, in others at the small.

Mitvus Ponpicerianus. Brauminy KITE.

The eggs of this fishing Kite I have never seen, but I transcribe a

note of its nest and young: “Feb. 27, 1850. Found the nest and

two young birds of a species of fishing Hawk ; the young ones were

covered with whitish down, that on the back of a pale brown colour.

The nest, formed of sticks and lined with mud, was built on a tall

tree on the banks of the Bheema River, where these birds are com-

mon.” As far as my observations go, I should say that this bird is

decidedly a fishing Hawk. I have never seen it but either sailing

along the course of a river or in the vicinity of water.

F Genus PEernis.

PERNIS CRISTATA ?

I have not been able to ascertain anything relating to the nesting

or the eggs of this Buzzard, but I was informed by a Mhar who

saw it, of a curious habit of this bird; that when about to feed on a

comb, these birds spread their tail, and with it drive off the bees be-

fore attacking it. This was told me by a villager in a portion of

thickly-wooded country where these birds are common.

Genus Burro.

Burro Teresa, Gray.

This is one of the commonest Hawks in the Deccan. Its plain-

tive cry may be heard in almost every tope of trees. It is easily

distinguished by its white throat and silvery-white eyes. Dr. Jer-

don, in his ‘ Catalogue of Birds of India,’ says: ‘It frequents topes

as well as open country, where it may be seen seated on low trees

and bushes, an ant-hill, or the banks of rivers, whence it pounces

on mice, lizards, small snakes, and various large insects and their

larvee.”’ In the stomach of one of these birds I found a small snake

entire, said to be of a very venomous kind, and a large locust; in

that of another the remains of a full-grown rock quail. I am not

aware whether the eye of all or most of the Falconide is strengthened

by a ring of bony plates, as is the eye of the Golden Eagle, but it is

the case in this bird. The Teesa breeds during the months of March,

April and May. The nest is composed of sticks laid on the forked

branches of the babool, mango and other trees. It sometimes con-

tains as many as four eggs, 1,8, inch in length and 1,5 inch in breadth,

white, spotted and dashed with brown.

I am very much inclined to think that the Teesa migrates during

the monsoon, and returns to the Deccan about September, as I used

not to hear its peculiar cry from the end of May to the middle of that

month. Mr. Elliot, in his notes, mentions that Circus cyaneus and

Falco peregrinus also migrate during the hot season and monsoon.

I never noticed any of the Harriers about until September or October.

The name of the Teesa in Mharata is ‘Surudmar,’ and in Hindoostani,

‘Girgootmar,’ meaning in both languages, I believe, ‘the destroyer

of lizards.’ This name also applies, or is applied, to the Kestril Black-

wing (Elanus melanopterus), and Harriers.

The eggs sent with the others, I believe are those of one of the

Harrier family, but of which I am unable to say. Most probably

they belong to Circus cyaneus or Circus Montagui, as these are the

most common. Cireus cyaneus ( C. pallidus, Sykes) is exceedingly

common in the Deccan. In the grass lands amongst the hills, where

quails abound, I have observed these birds beating particular spots

of ground in the most regular manner, and when shooting, have

found such spots to yield the best sport. I was told by a gentleman

of the Civil Service, an ardent sportsman, that when shooting near

Belgaum, many of the quails have been carried off by the Harriers

before the beaters had time to secure them. They will fly over a plot

of grass land, scanning every foot of it, and in the most careful

manner beat the hedges and strips of bush and grass between the

fields. They feed on lizards, mice, and small birds. I have been told

that these birds remain to breed in the Deccan.

Subfamily Fatconin#.

Genus Fatco.

FaLco LUGGUR.

Of the true Falcons, the Luggur is the most abundant on the table-

lands of Western India. The top of a tall tree in the midst of culti-

vation is its favourite resort. It breeds during the months of March,

April, and probably May, making its nest, like that of all the birds

of prey, of twigs and sticks on a tall tree, and lays four eggs, 15% inch

in length, and 1,5, inch in breadth, of a reddish-white ground,

spotted with two shades of reddish-brown, and thickly mottled with

red-brown at the larger end; some are of a more yellow colour. As

the plumage of the young birds has been already noted, any further

description is unnecessary. In the stomachs of two birds of this

species I found the remains of lizards.

FALco CHICQUERA.

This handsome little Falcon is also common in Western India. It

is a bird of rapid flight, and peculiarly active and energetic in all its

movements. The natives told me that it is a great enemy to the

sparrows, killing numbers of them. Its shrill scream quite betokens

its fierce character. Like the last-named Falcon it lays four eggs,

smaller in size, of a yellow-brown, mottled with a darker shade of the

same colour, particularly at the larger end; in length 1,4, inch, and

nearly 1,4, inch in breadth. It breeds during the months of February

and March.

FaLco TINNUNCULUS. KESTRIL.

T have not been able as yet to discover whether this bird breeds in

the Deccan or not.

2. Description or A New Species oF Cypris.

By W. Bairp, M.D., F.L.S.

In a collection of shells procured some years ago by the British

Museum, from M. Parreyss of Vienna, were two species under the

name of Nuculina, the N. donaciformis and N. triangularis. Neither

of these, however, belong to the Mollusca, both species bemg En-

tomostracans, and belonging to two totally different genera. The

former I have described and figured in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoo-

logical Society’ for 1849, (p. 89), under the name of Estheria donaci-

formis ; the latter is the one now under consideration. It belongs to

the genus Cypris, and I propose naming it C. triangularis. It may

be characterized thus :—

Cypris TRIANGULARIS.

Shell or carapace of a triangular form, smooth and shining, of a

transparent green colour; anterior and posterior extremities nearly

of equal size; centre of carapace very gibbous; left valve overlap-

ping the other at the lower margin.

Hab. Abeid, Kordofan. Mus. Brit.

3. Monocrapus or E:tosium AND MreLAmpus, TWO GENERA

or Putmonirerovus Mouuvsca. By H. ann A. ApAms.

Genus Exxiosivum, Bolten.

Head ending in a snout; tentacles subcylindrical ; eyes situated

at their inner bases. Pulmoniferous; respiring free air. Living on

the land.

Shell oblong-oval, covered with a brown epidermis; spire short,

obtuse ; aperture narrow, elongated ; inner lip with 2-3 large ante-

rior plaits ; outer lip thickened internally.

Otis, Humph., not Linn.—Auricula, Lamk., not Klein.—Auricu-

lus, Montf.—Marsyas, Oken.—Geovula, Swains.

The animals of this genus resemble in their habits those of Pythia,

Bolten (Scarabus, Montfort), living in salt marshes and mangrove-

swamps.

1. Extosium auris-Mip#, Linnzeus.

Voluta auris-Mide, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p.1186.—Helizx auris-

Mide, Mill. Verm. p. 118. no. 311.—Bulimus auris-Mide, Brug.

Dict. no. 76.—Auricula Mide, Lamk. Hist. viii. p. 323.

2. Extosium Auris-Jup#, Linneus.

Voluta auris-Jude, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p.1187.—Heliz auris-

Jude, Mill. Hist. Verm. p,109. no.310.—Bulimus auris-Jude, Brug.

Dict. no. 78.—Auricula Jude, Lamk. Hist. viii. p. 324.—Auriec.

protracta, Beck, Ind. (var.).—Auric. densata, Beck, Ind. (var.).—

Aurie. reticulata, Anton, Cat. (var.).

3. ELLoBIUM SUBNODOsUM, Metcalfe.

Auricula subnodosa, Metc. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851 ; Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist. ser. 2. p. 67 (1853).

4. Exttosium pouitum, Metcalfe.

Auricula polita, Mete. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851; Ann. and Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 2, p. 67 (1853).

5. E,tosium SHEEPMAKERI, Petit.

Auricula Sheepmakeri, Petit, Journ. de Conch. i. p. 404.

6. ELLospium GRANULINUM, Mihlfeldt.

Auricula granulina, Mihlf. Anton, Verzeich.— Auric. stagnalis,

Petit, Guér. Mag. 1835, p. 23.—Auric. papillifera, Kiist. Chemn.

Conch. Cab. (Auric.) p. 25. tab. 3. f. 9, 10.

7. ELLOBIUM TORNATELLIFORME, Petit.

Auricula tornatelliformis, Petit, Ann. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 437; Proc.

Zool. Soc., Dec. 1842.

8. ELLoprumM PALLIDUM, Sowerby.

Auricula pallida, Sow., Beechey’s Voy. (Moll.) t. 38. f. 27; Kiist.

Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auric.) p. 51. tab. 7. f. 8.

y. ELLOBIUM HELVACEUM, Philippi.

Auricula helvacea, Phil. Zeitschr. fiir Malacozool.

10. ELLopiuM ELONGATUM, Parreyss.

Auricula elongata, Parr. in litt.; Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Au-

ric.) p. 53. tab. 8. f. 6-8.

11. ELtosrum susuta, Quoy & Gaimard.

Auricula subula, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol. ii. pl. 13. f. 39, 40.

12. Evtosrum Creytanicum, H. & A. Adams. Z£. testa ob-

longo-ovata, cornea, subdiaphana, longitudinaliter strigosa, trans-

versim tenuissime corrugato- -striata; anfractibus supremis punc-

tatis, pallide fuscis; spira elevatiuscula, apice obtuso; apertura

oblonga ; columella oblique biplicata; labro intus incrassato,

postice sinuato.

Hab. Ceylon (Dr. Gardner). Mus. Cuming.

13. Extosrum srmpiex, H. & A. Adams. L. testa oblongo-

ovali, crassiuscula, pallide fusca, nitida, spira elata, obtusa, an-

Sractibus conveciusculis, postice decussatim striatis, ad suturas

marginatis, ultimo longitudinaliter strigato ; apertura oblonga ;

columella triplicata, plica postica evanida; labro viz incrassato,

postice vir sinuato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

14. Exttostum incrassAtum, H. & A. Adams. J. testa elon-

gato- -ovata, crassa, levi, nitida, alba; spira elata, anfractibus

gquingue, conveaiusculis ; apertura oblonga, angusta; columella

biplicata ; labro incrassato, postice tenui et valde sinuato.

Hab. Loon, island of Bohol. Mus. Cuming.

15. Ertosium semrpiicatum, H.& A. Adams. £. testa subu-

lato-cylindracea, spira obtusa, apice eroso, olivacea, levi, nitida,

anfractibus planis, longitudinaliter plicatis, ultimo postice plicato,

antice levigato; apertura angusta, postice coarctata ; columella

triplicata, plica postica valida, spirali; labro acuto, simplice,

postice coarctato.

Hab. Singapore (Lieut. Taylor). Mus. Cuming.

16. Extosrium pusititum, H. & A. Adams. E. testa subulato-

ovata, alba, nitida, levi, spira producta, apice acuto; apertura

oblonga, angusta; columella subcallosa, triplicata, plica postica

valida, anterioribus parvis, obliquis ; labro margine subincrassaio,

postice vix sinuato.

Hab. Bais, island of Negros. Mus. Cuming.

17. Ettosium oryza, H. & A. Adams. LE. testa elongato-ovali,

alba, solida, nitida; spira elata, acuta; anfractu ultimo fascia

alba, opaca cincto; apertura angusta ; columella triplicata, plica

postica valida, anterioribus parvulis, subobsoletis ; labro intus in-

crassato via bilirato, postice subsinuoso.

Hab. Island of Annaa, Society Islands, under loose coral, high

water. Mus. Cuming.

18. Exuosrum Opraricum, H. & A. Adams. LE. testa subulato-

ovali, gracili, levi, fulva; spira elata, apice acuto ; apertura an-

gusta; columella antice vie truncata, triplicata, plica postica

valida, duabus anterioribus subobsoletis, obliquis ; labro acuto,

simplice.

Hab. Island of Opara, Society Islands. Mus. Cuming.

19. ExLtosprum semiscutrrum, H. & A. Adams. Z. testa ob-

longo-ovata, subfusiformi, spira elata, obtusiuscula, pallide fusca ;

anfractibus convewiusculis, superne lineis granulosis, confertis,

transversis, inferne levibus, anfractu ultimo superne granuloso,

inferne (sub lente) minutissime granulato ; apertura oblonga, un-

tice dilatata; columella biplicata, plica postica valida, spirali ;

labro antice intus marginato, postice tenui, subsinuato.

Hab. Gambier’s Islands, South Seas. Mus. Cuming.

Genus Metampus, Montfort.

Foot bifid posteriorly.

Shell ovato-conical, spire short, obtuse; aperture narrow, linear ;

inner lip with several transverse plaits; outer lip acute, internally

plicate.

Pedipes, Blainv., not Adans.—Melampa, Schweigg.—Conovula,

Féruss.— Conovulus, Lamk.—Conovulum, Sow.

1. Mexampus correvs, Linneus.

Voluta coffea, Linn. Syst.Nat.ed.12, p.1187.—Volutaminuta,Gmel.

p- 3436. no. 6.—Bulimus coniformis, Brug. Dict. no. 72.—Conovulus

coniformis, Encycl. pl. 459. f. 2, a. B.—Conovula coniformis, Bowd.

Elem. of Conch. t. 6. f. 25.—Tornatella coniformis, Blainv. Malac.

t. 27 bis, f. 4.—Auricula coniformis, Féruss. Prod. p. 739.—Cono-

vulus coffeus, Beck, Ind. Moll.—Auricula coniformis, Pfeiff. Wiegm.

Arch. 1840, Heft 3. p. 251. no. 39.

2. Mevamrvus Umiuaasranus, Krauss.

Auricula Umlaasiana, Krauss, in litt.; Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab.

(Auriculacea) p. 43. tab. 6. f. 16-20.

3. Metampus Fuscus, Philippi.

Conovulus fuscus, Phil. in litt.—Auricula fusca, Kiist. Chemn.

Neuer Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 38. tab.5. f.18-20.—Auric. leu-

codon, Beck ; Adams & Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang.

4. Mreuampus FLAvus, Gmelin.

Voluta flava, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 3436. no. 5.—Auricula monile,

Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol. ii. p. 166. tab. 13. f. 28-33.—Voluta

flava, Dillw. Cat. i. p. 506. no. 17.—Bulimus monile, Brug. Encycl.

Méth. no. 70.

5. Mretampus Tasocensis, C. B. Adams.

Auricula Tabogensis, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 211.

no. 314.

6. MELAMPUS BIDENTATUS, Say.

Melampus bidentatus, Say, Amer. Conch.—Auricula cornea, Desh.

Encycl. Méth. Vers, p. 90. no. 9; Lamk. Hist. ed. Desh. tom. vii.

p- 339. no. 28.

7. MELAMPUS PYRIFORMIS, Petit.

Auricula pyriformis, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842; Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. xii. p. 437.

8. MreLampus PALLESCENS, Sowerby.

Melampus pallescens, Sow. Zool. Beechey’s Voy. tab. 38. f. 11.—

Auricula pallescens, Kiist. Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea)

p. 51. tab. 5. f. 11.

9. Mretamrus Puixiprr, Kister.

Auricula Philippii, Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 50.

tab. 7. f. 23-25.—Auricula Ceylanica, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842,

p- 42.

10. MeLampus coronuuus, C. B. Adams.

Auricula coronulus, C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch.

11. MeLampus BorEALIs, Conrad.

12. Metampus tivipus, Linnzus.

Voluta livida, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1187.—Auricula livida,

Desh. Encycl. Méth. Vers, p. 91. no. 10.

13. MeLampus ATER, Muhlfeldt.

Conovulus ater, Muhlf. iv litt.; Anton, Verzeich. p. 48. no. 1773.

—Auricula caffra, Kist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) tab. 5.

f. 6-8.—? Conovulus Sciari, Lesson.

14. MeLampus LuTevs, Quoy & Gaimard.

Auricula lutea, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol., Zool. ii. p. 163. pl. 13.

f. 25-27.—Conovulus luteus, Anton.—Auricula Columbiensis, Mihlf.

Subgenus Trai, Gray.

Foot posteriorly acute, entire.

Shell ovate, smooth; spire elevated ; aperture narrow, linear, di-

lated anteriorly ; inner lip usually with three oblique plaits; outer

lip acute, smuated posteriorly, internally with one or more transverse

elevated ridges.

15. Mevampus (Trai) pusiLuus, Gmelin.

Voluta pusilla, Gmel. p. 3436. no. 7.—Bulimus ovulus, Brug. Dict.

no. 71. —Auricula ovula, Féruss. Prod. p.104. no. 21.—Auric. nitens,

Lamk. viii. 333.—Conovulus nitens, Cuv.—Voluta triplicata, Donov.

B. S. t. 138.—Aurie. leucodonta, Nuttall, MSS.

16. Metameus (Tratta) Panamensis, C. B. Adams.

_ Auricula Panamensis, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 209.

no. 312.

17. Mevamrpus (TRALIA) oLtvuLA, Moricand. |

Auricula olivula, Moric. Mém. de la Soc. de Genéve, viii. ; Kist.

Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 33. tab. 3. f. 11-13.—Aurie.

oliva, D’Orb. Moll. p. 189. t. 12. f. 8-10.

18. Metampus (TRALIA) INFREQUENS, C. B. Adams.

Auricula infrequens,C.B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 209. no.311.

19. Mretamepvus (TraAiA) ExiGuus, Lowe.

Melampus exiguus, Lowe, Mon. Melamp. Zool. Journ. v. p. 291.

pl. 13. f. 6, 7.

20. Mretamrus (TRALIA) PELLUCIDUS, Cooper.

Conovulus pellucidus, Cooper, MSS. Mus. Brit.

21. Metameus (Tratia) rascratus, Chemnitz.

Voluta fasciata, Chemn. ix. pt. 2. p. 44. tab. 121. f.1041.—Auri-

cula fasciata, Desh. Encycl. Méth. Vers, p. 90. no. 8.—Conovulus

fasciatus, Anton, Verzeich. p. 48. no. 1774.

22. Mexampus (Traxia) Kistert, Krauss.

Auricula Kiisteri, Krauss; Kiist. Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab. (Au-

riculacea) p. 34. tab. 4. f. 10-13.—Auric. monile, Reeve, Conch. Syst.

hueZ.1..9,

23. Mextampus (TraAxiA) MAuRus, Mihlfeldt.

Conovulus maurus, Mihlf. in litt.; Anton, Verzeich. p.48. n0.1778 ;

Kiist. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) tab. 5. f. 12-14.

24. Metameus (TRALIA) ELONGATUS, Petit.

Conovulus elongatus, Petit, Mag. de Zool. ser. 2. vii. pl. 138.

25. Mrexampus (TRAIA) ANGiostomA, Deshayes.

Auricula angiostoma, Desh. Encycl. Méth. Vers, ii. p. 92. no. 16 ;

Mag. de Zool. 1830, i. tab. 11.

26. Mevampus (Trai) Froripranvs, Shuttleworth.

Auricula Floridiana, Shuttleworth.

27. Mexampus (TRALIA) cinGuLatTus, Pfeiffer.

Auricula cingulata, Pfeiff. Wiegm. Archiv, 1840, p. 251. no. 40;

Kiist. Chemn. (Auriculacea) tab. 6. f. 4, 5, 6 ?—Aurie. oliva, D’Orb.

Hist. de l’ile de Cuba, t. 13. f. 8-10.

28. Metampus (TRALIA) GLoBuLus, Férussac.

Conovulus globulus, Féruss.; D’Orb. Voy. dans ’Amér. Mérid. ;

Mag. de Zool. 1833.

29. Me.ampus (TRALIA) PULCHELLUS, Petit.

Auricula pulchella, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842; Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. xii. p. 437.

30. Metameus (TRALIA) GRANIFER, Mousson.

Auricula granifera, Mouss. Land- und Siisswass. Moll. v. Java,

p. 46. pl. 5. f. 9.

31. Mrexampus (TRAxrA) costatrus, Quoy & Gaimard.

Auricula costata, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol. ii. p. 173. pl. 13.

f. 43-46; Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) tab. 7. f. 5-7.

32. Metampus opovatus, H. & A. Adams. WM. testa obversim

conica, basi attenuata, spira obtusa, nitidiuscula, corneo-fusca,

sepius fasciis inequalibus transversis ornata, longitudinaliter

strigosa ; anfractu ultimo basi transversim striato, postice gib-

boso ; apertura angusta ; columella biplicata, plica postica valida,

transversa; labro acuto, intus bilirato.

Hab. Liberia (Dr. Parkins). Mus. Cuming.

33. Metampus ZEALANpDICus, H. & A. Adams. M. testa ovata,

cornea, castanea, subpellucida, nitida, longitudinaliter strigosa ;

spira elevatiuscula, apice acuto ; anfractibus planis, ultimo postice

subgibboso ; apertura angusta; columella biplicata, plica postica

validiori ; labro margine acuto, intus valde lirato, liris multis al-

bidis.

Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming.

34. Mrextamrvus commopvs, H. & A. Adams. WM. testa oblongo-

ovata, castanea, nitidiuscula ; spira elata, acuta; anfractibus lon-

gitudinaliter plicatis, ultimo levigato, vel substrigato ; apertura

angusta, oblonga; columella antice uniplicata; labro acuto, intus

liris tribus elevatis, transversis instructo.

Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming.

35. Metameus Liperranus, H.& A. Adams. M. testa oblonga,

ovato-conica, spira brevi, olivaceo-fusca, fasciis pallidis, trans-

versis, inequalibus ornata, levigata, nitidiuscula, postice et antice

transversim striata ; apertura angusta, in medio coarctata; colu-

mella biplicata, plica antica subobsoleta ; labro acuto, in medio in-

flexo, intus multilirato.

Hab. Liberia, W. Africa (Dr. Parkins). Mus. Cuming.

36. Mexampus costevuaris, H. & A. Adams. WM. testa ovata,

brunnea, longitudinaliter costata; spira subelevata, apice obtuso ;

anfractu ultimo postice vix angulato; apertura oblonga; colu-

mella biplicata, plica postica transversa, valida ; labro acuto, an-

tice incrassato, albido-marginato, intus levi.

Hab. New Zealand (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

37. Metampus (TRAtIA) NiTrpuLus, H. & A. Adams. M. testa

elongato-ovali, levissima, fusca, spira elata; apertura angusta,

elongata; columella triplicata, plica postica callosa; labro mar-

gine vie incrassato, intus unilamellato.

Hab. Island of Bohol. Mus. Cuming.

38. Mexamevus (Traut) mitrauis, H. & A. Adams. . testa

elongato-ovali, spira producta, apice obtuso, livido, pallide casta-

nea, fusco-fasciata, levi, nitida ; anfractibus supremis longitudi-

naliter plicatis, ultimo basi subgibboso ; apertura angusta ; colu-

mella antice uniplicata, plica spirali; labro acuto.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

39. Mevamrus (TRauiA) ExARATuS, H. & A. Adams. WM. testa

ovata, fusca, spira elata, apice obtuso ; anfractibus planis, trans-

versim liratis, longitudinaliter decussatim striatis ; apertura ob-

longa, in medio subdilatata; columella biplicata, plicis validis,

postica spirali; labro margine acuto, in medio subangulato.

Hab. Catbalonga, island of Samaar. Mus. Cuming.

4. Descriptions or New SprciEs OF SHELLS, FROM

THE CoLLEcTION oF H. Cumine, Esa.

By M. G. P. Desuayes.

1. Battssa rnsients, Desh. B. testa ovato-orbiculari, oblique

inequilaterali, tumida, tenui, intus violacea, epidermide nigro-

virescente, nitida vestita, in latere antico late sulcata, sulcis

remotis, ad lunulam sepius inter se conjungentibus ; umbonibus

prominentibus, erosis, antice inclinatis ; eardine angusto, ob-

liquo, inequaliter tridentato; dentibus in valva sinistra an-

gustioribus, mediano bifido, in dextra crassioribus, simplicibus ;

dentibus lateralibus angustis, postico valve sinistre laminato,

apice regulariter serrulato.

Hab. Calamang, Island of Luzon, Philippines.

2. BATISSA TRIQUETRA, Desh. B. testa trigona, obliqua, ine-

quilaterali, cuneiformi, levigata, epidermide nigra vestita, de-

pressiuscula ; margine antico rectilineo, postico valde convexo,

dilatato, inferiore vix arcuato ; umbonibus profunde erosis ;

lamina cardinali angusta, dentibus cardinalibus tribus, inequa-

libus, brevibus, subcanaliculatis ; lateralibus elongatis, angus-

tis, subequalibus, antico cardine adnato, postico remoto ; valvis

tenuibus, intus albis.

Hab. Philippine Islands; Australia.

3. Barissa propucta, Desh. JB. testa suborbiculari, valde ob-

liqua, inequilaterali, depressiuscula, crassa, solida, transversim

late et obsolete plicata, vel subundulata, epidermide polita, atro-

virescente vestita, intus superne alba, postice inferneque viola-

cea; umbonibus magnis, productis, antice obliquatis ; cardine

lato, crasso, valde obliquo, inequaliter tridentato, dentibus ma-

joribus superne obsolete canaliculatis, lateralibus validis, antico

crasso, obsolete rugoso vel striato, postico compressiore et paulo

longicre ; latere antico brevi, rotundato, postico dilatato.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

4, BATISSA LENTICULARIS, Desh. JB. testa orbiculari, tantum

alta quam lata, equilaterali, subsquatina, lenticular, turgi-

dula, epidermide nitidissima, atro-virescente vestita, lineis lon-

gitudinalibus, tenuissimis, obsoletis irregulariter in medio ra-

diata, intus albo-violacea ; latere antico posticum aequante et

equaliter obtuso ; cardine angusto, tridentato ; dentibus majo-

ribus superne canaliculatis, mediano valve dextre maori ; den-

tibus lateralibus subequalibus, antico crassiore, tenue rugoso,

postico laminato, obsolete striato; umbonibus parvis, acutis,

integris, oppositis.

Hab. Philippine Islands (Cuming).

5. Batissa Corsicutoripes, Desh. B. testa oblique triangu-

lari, inequilaterali, tumida, crassa, solida, epidermide squalide

viridi-fuscescente vestita, transversim inequaliter sulcata et

striata; umbonibus productis, erosis, obliquis; lunula angulo

obtusissimo notata, magna, ovato-lanceolata, levigata; area

posticali rugis irregularibus, obsoletis, divaricatis corrugata ;

cardine lato, crasso, inequaliter tridentato, dentibus compressis,

divergentibus, simplicibus, dentibus lateralibus sicut in Corbi-

culis elongatis, angustis, tenue striatis, antico paulo breviore ;

valvis intus albis, in margine postico violaceo-maculatis.

Hab. New Guinea (Jukes).

6. Batissa HUMEROSA, Desh. B. testa trigona, inequilaterali,

cuneiformi, superne gibbosa; transversim inequaliter striato-

suleata, epidermide nigrescente vestita, intus alba, in medio

pallide purpureo tincta ; latere antico rectilineo, valde declivi,

inferne obtuse angulato, margine dorsali leviter convexo, de-

clivi, margine inferiore parum arcuato, rugis aliquibus in latere

postico divergentibus; umbonibus profunde erosis; cardine lato,

tridentato, dentibus inequalibus, simplicibus, medianis majorv-

bus ; dente laterali antico cardine adnato, irregulariter corru-

gato, postico longiore, angustiore, striis brevibus notato.

Hab. New Guinea.

7. BarissA Mrcapesma, Desh. B. testa ovato-transversa,

magna, crassa, ponderosa, inequilaterali, antice brevi, obtusa,

rotundata, fusco-nigrescente late et irregulariter transversim

undulata, antice sulculosa ; latere supero et postico sulco obso-

leto decurrente distincto ; ligamento maximo, elongato, cylin-

draceo, in medio carinato ; umbonibus erosis ; valvis intus can-

didissimis ; cardine crasso, in utraque valva tridentato, dente

posticali valve sinistre angusto, elongato, dentibus obliquis ;

dente laterali antico cardine proximo, irregulariter sulcato,

posticali angusto, cardine remotissimo.

Hab. 2

8. BarissaA aTRATA, Desh. JB. testa orbiculari, sublenticulari,

e@quilaterali, transversim obsolete striato-sulcata, intus extus-

que aterrime violacea ; umbonibus brevibus, minimis, oppositis,

approximatis, apice decorticatis ; valvis tenuibus ; cardine an-

gusto, inequaliter tridentato; dente antico in utraque valva

angusto ; dentibus lateralibus brevioribus, angustis, oblique sul-

parciragons s tmpressione pallii postice leviter inflexa.

Hab. t

9. Cyrena 1nquinaTA, Desh. C. festa orbiculato-trigona, tur-

gida, inflata, subcordiformi, inequilaterali, epidermide squa-

lide fusca, fuliginosa, dense et irregulariter lamellosa vestita ;

umbonibus tumidis, profunde erosis; margine superiore antico

declivi, rectilineo, postico convexiusculo, inferiore subsemicircu-

lari; valvis solidiusculis, intus albis ; cardine angusto, arcuato,

tridentato; dentibus inequalibus, brevibus, obliquis, parallelis,

angustis, parum prominentibus, duobus bifidis ; dentibus latera-

libus minimis, brevibus, antico prominentiore ; ligamento brevi,

partim infosso ; impressione pallit prope marginem decurrente.

Hab. China (rivers).

10. Cyrena FALLAX, Desh. C. festa ovato-trigona, plus mi-

nusve tumida, crassa, solida, in medio ventricosa, epidermide

squalide fuscescente, ferruginea, in junioribus flavescente ves-

tita, transversim irregulariter striata; latere antico breviore,

superne fere rectilineo, declivi, rotundato, inferiore margine

postico superiore recto, declivi; extremitate postica sensim

attenuata, breviter truncata; area plana, levigata, angulo

obtusissimo circumscripta; cardine satis lato, dentibus tribus

inequalibus, in valva dextra crassioribus, majoribus, bilobatis ;

dente laterali antico compresso, brevi, postico longiore.

Long. 81 mill., haut. 69, épaiss. 48.

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Australia (Cuming).

11. Cyrena consuncta, Desh. C. testa orbiculato-trigona,

crassa, solida, ventricosa, subequilaterali, utroque latere ob-

tusa, rotundata, inferne regulariter arcuata, margine antero-

superiore declivi, rectilineo, postico convexo, epidermide viridi,

fuscescente, transversim regulariter tenue lamellosa vestita ; um-

bonibus tumidis, obliquis, brevibus, obtusis, erosis ; ligamento

brevi, angusto, immerso; valvis intus albis ; dentibus cardinali-

bus tribus inequalibus, postico valve dextre latiore, inequaliter

bifido, mediano eminentiore, acuto, profunde bilobato ; dentibus

lateralibus parvis, distantibus, antico eminentiore, conico, com-

presso.

Hab. 2

12. Cyrena tauta, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, subtri-

gona, inequilaterali, superne inferneque convexiuscula, postice

subtruncata, antice valde declivi, rectilinea, crassa, solida, in

medio convexa; epidermide fusca, nitida, tenue trregulariter

striata; umbonibus depressis, brevibus, apice acutis, approxi-

matis, sepius erosis; lamina cardinali lata, dentibus cardina-

libus tribus, obliquis, angustis, elongatis, approximatis, fere

parallelis, superne canaliculatis, antico valve dextre dimidia

parte breviore; dentibus lateralibus subequalibus, postico

valde remoto.

Hab. 2

13. Cyrena stmiuis, Desh. C. testa ovato-trigona, oblonga,

inequilaterali, in medio tumida, transversim distanter striata,

epidermide fuscescente, ferrugineo-nitente vestita, umbonibus

minimis decorticatis; latere antico brevi, rotundato, obtuso,

latere postico superne convexiusculo, declivi, sensim attenuato,

extremitate breviter subtruncato; dentibus primariis tribus,

duobus subequalibus, apice inequaliter bifidis ; dentibus late-

ralibus minimis, antico valve sinistre conico, depressiusculo,

postico longiore.

Long. 77 mill., haut. 65, épaiss. 39.

Hab. Manilla.

14, Cyrena arrinis, Desh. C. testa oviformi, ovato-trans-

versa, inequilaterali, ventricosa, crassa, solida, epidermide te-

nui, fusco-ochracea, levigata induta, transversim inequaliter

striata, subcontabulata; umbonibus minimis, depressis, integris,

vie prominentibus ; latere antico brevi, late rotundato, postico

attenuato, obtuso; cardine angusto, dentibus tribus angustis,

duobus majoribus profunde canaliculatis, dentibus lateralibus

equalibus, antico acutiusculo, postico valde remoto.

Long. 54 mill., haut. 45, épaiss. 32.

Zab. Australia (Cuming).

15. CyrenA ovirormis, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, crassa,

solida, turgida, inequilaterali, transversim irregulariter incre-

mentis striata, area lunulaque levigatis, epidermide tenui,

brunnea vel flavescente vestita, antice brevi, declivi, obtusa,

postice magis attenuata; latere superiore postico convexiusculo ;

umbonibus brevibus, depressis, apice acuminatis, sepius erosis ;

ligamento angusto, elongato, vix immerso ; valvis profundis, in-

tus albis; cardine angusto, arcuato, inequaliter tridentato ;

dentibus divaricatis, duobus in utraque valva inequalibus, apice

bilobatis ; dente laterali antico, conico, crasso, prominente, com-

presso, dente postico longiore, angustiore.

Long. 77 mill., haut. 61, épaiss. 44.

Hab. Basilan, Philippine Islands; Port Essington.

16. CyreNa veNTRICOSA, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

trigona, inequilaterali, in senioribus crassa, solida, ponderosa,

in medio turgida, epidermide squalide fuscescente aut rubigi-

nosa, tenut, inferne posticeque breviter lamellosa et atrata

vestita, intus candidissima, antice superne arcuato-declivi, ob-

tusa, postice sensim attenuata, truncata, margine superiore

dorsali rectilineo, declivi; umbonibus parvis, parum obliquis ;

cardine angusto, tridentato, dentibus inequalibus, majoribus

bifidis, subparallelis, dentibus lateralibus crassis, compressius-

culis, postico paulo longiore ; ligamento angusto, partim im-

merso ; area posticali planata.

Long. 91 mill., alt. 80, lat. 50.

Hab. Philippine Islands; Australia.

17. CyreNA MACTROIDES, Desh. C. festa ovato-transversa, de-

pressa, inequilaterali, epidermide viridi-glaucescente et trans-

versim striato-laminata vestita, postice lamellis appressis, im-

bricatis ; umbonibus brevibus, obliquis, approximatis, integris ;

latere antico brevi, late obtuso, postico superne declivi, atte-

nuato, subangulato; cardine angusto; dentibus eardinalibus com-

pressis, majoribus apice profunde furcatis; lateralibus compres-

sis, brevibus, in fossulis angustis profundisque valuule dextre

receptis ; ligamento angusto, semi-unmerso.

Long. 98 mill., alt. 78, lat. 42.

Hab. 4

18. CyreNA pDEcIPIENS, Desh. C. festa ovato-subtrigona, tu-

mida, inequilaterali, parum crassa, epidermide viridi, lamellis

transversis, distantibus, crispis instructa vestita, lamellis pos-

tice multo numerosioribus, appressis, erectis, umbonibus mini-

mis, decorticatis, viz obliquis; latere antico breviore, superne

convextusculo, declivi, inferne obtuso, postico rotundato ; valvis

intus albis; cardine angusto, tridentato, dentibus majoribus

profunde furcatis, lateralibus angustis, compressis, antico valve

sinistre furcato, fossula valve dextre antice marginata.

Long. 86 mill., alt. 75, lat. 43.

Hab. 2

19. CyrENA PALLIDA, Desh. C. testa orbiculato-trigona, magna,

solida, in medio convexa, inequilaterali, antice posticeque de-

elivi, rectilinea, extremitate posticali attenuata, brevi, trun-

cata, epidermide tenui, luteo-flavescente, late striata vestita ;

umbonibus parvis, obtusis ; area posticali plana, angulo. obtu-

sissimo circumscripta ; ligamento brevi, angusto, partim im-

merso; valvis solidis, intus candidissimis; cardine angusto, tri-

dentato, dentibus angustis, duobus in utraque valva bifidis,

dente laterali antico crasso, conico, compresso, posticali elon-

gato, compresso.

Hab. 2

20. Cyrena pivaricaTa, Desh. C. testa ovato-subcirculari,

inequilaterali, tumida, crassa, solida, epidermide fusco-nigres-

cente vestita, transversim inequaliter obsolete striata, rugis

undulatis, irregularibus, in latere postico divergentibus; umbo-

nibus obliquis, profunde erosis ; latere antico breviore, superne

recto, declivi, in medio attenuato, subangulato, latere postico

lato, dilatato, obtuse subtruncato; lamina cardinali lata, plana;

dentibus primariis tribus inequalibus, angustissimis, in valva

No. CCLXI.—Procrrpineés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

sinistra duobus latis, valde pediculatis, in valva dextra pro-

Sunde canaliculatis ; dentibus lateralibus minimis, antico conico,

acuto, postico oblongo, angusto.

Hab. New Guinea.

21. CyrEeNA suBLOBATA, Desh. C. festa ovato-transversa, sub-

quadrangulari, valde inequilaterali, tumidiuscula, epidermide

viridi-nigrescente, transversim striata et laminosa vestita ; la-

minis crispis, inferne posticeque numerosioribus ; latere antico

brevissimo, declivi, fere rectilineo, inferne obtuso, marginibus

superiore et inferiore subparallelis, equaliter convexiusculis,

latere postico late truncato, sulco profundo flecuraque distincta

quasi sublobato ; cardine angusto, dentibus inequalibus tribus,

valde obliquis, in valva sinistra angustioribus, in dextra vali-

dioribus, apice profunde et inequaliter bilobatis ; dente laterali

antico conico, acuto, postico elongato, compresso, extremitate

postica remoto.

Long. 100 mill., alt. 85, lat. 50.

Hab. 2

22. Cyrena stnuosa, Desh. C. testa ovato-rotundata, tumida,

cordiformi, solida, valde inequilaterali, epidermide fusco-fuli-

ginosa, transversim tenue lamellosa vestita ; latere antico brevi,

rotundato, postico subtruncato, latere supero-posticali sulco

profundo, sinuoso, decurrente separato; umbonibus tumidis,

brevibus, sepius erosis; ligamento angusto, partim infosso ;

valvis intus albis; cardine crasso, utroque latere tridentato,

dentibus obliquis, mediano et postico valve dextre bifidis ;

dentibus lateralibus brevibus, antico crasso, conico, apice

acuto.

Hab. The river Paningbang, Java. Brit. Mus.

23. CyrENA impREsSA, Desh. OC. testa ovato-subcirculari, ob-

secure subquadrangulari, valde inequilaterali, turgida, medio-

criter crassa; epidermide viridi-glaucescente, transversim tenu-

issime laminata, postice inferneque atro-virente, lamellis sepius

crispis ; umbonibus minimis, oblique antice curvatis, decortica-

tis, acutis, parum prominentibus ; latere antico declivi, recti-

lineo, inferne obtuso ; margine superiore convexiusculo, postico

latere subtruncato, sulco impresso ab umbone descendente di-

stincto; lamina cardinali lata, dentibus primariis tribus an-

gustis, elongatis, prominentibus, apice profunde furcatis, dente

laterali antico conico, brevi, compresso, postico longiore.

Long. 92 mill., alt. 87, lat. 52.

Hab. Java (Jukes); Philippine Islands (Cuming) ; Australia.

24. Cyrena compra, Desh. C. testa ovato-trigona, ventrico-

siuscula, subequilaterali, antice et postice fere equaliter de-

cli, antice paulo breviore, rotundato, postice obtuso, paulu-

lum attenuato, epidermide tenui, nitente, flavido-virescente,

tenue striata vestita ; latere postico sulco obsoletissimo notato ;

umbonibus minimis, obtusis, decorticatis ; cardine angusto, tri-

dentato, dentibus angustis, basi paulo angustioribus, apice pro-

Sunde bilobatis, lateralibus compressis, antico prominente, acuto,

postico longiore.

Long. 72 mill., alt. 63, lat. 38.

Hab. 2

25. CyreNA INCERTA, Desh. C. testa ovato-suborbiculari, ven-

tricosa, inequilaterali, parum crassa, transversim irregulariter

striata, striis tenuibus, profundis, epidermide squalide fusces- °

cente, postice nigrescente et nitente vestita; umbonibus mi-

nimis, ittegris, parum obliquis, valde approximatis, lunula in

medio prominente; antico latere brevi, late rotundato, postico

declivi, attenuato, extremitate subtruncato ; cardine angusto,

tridentato, dentibus minimis, angustis, inequalibus, majoribus

profunde furcatis, lateralibus inequalibus, compressis, antico

majore.

Long. 74 mill., alt. 65, lat. 40.

Hab.

26. Cyrena Essinetronensis, Desh. C. testa ovato-suborbicu-

lari, subtriangulari, inequilaterali, transversim striata, strits

inequalibus, epidermide viridi-fuscescente, postice nigrescente

vestita ; latere antico breviore, rotundato, superne leviter ar-

cuato, declivi, postico paululum angustiore ; cardine angusto,

inequaliter tridentato, dentibus prominentibus, apice pro-

Sunde fissis, basi coarctatis, subpediculutis, dentibus laterali-

bus parvis, antico majore, conico, fossula valvule dextre pro-

Sunda, superne canaliculata, dente cardinali ejusdem valvule

oblique prominente.

Long. 73 mill., alt. 67, lat. 38.

Hab. Port Essington (Cuming).

27. Cyrena Juxest, Desh. C. testa ovato-trigona, turgidula,

inequilaterali, transversim irregulariter striata, epidermide

nitida, flavicante, pallide virescente et brevissime laminata

vestita; latere antico brevi, superne fere rectilineo, declivi,

postico rotundato, superne convexiusculo; valvis intus albis ;

umbonibus minimis, brevibus, antice obliquatis ; cardine an-

gusto, tridentato, dentibus subequalibus, duobus maporibus

apice bifidis, angustis, lateralibus subequalibus, conicis, com-

pressis.

Long. 66 mill., alt. 52, lat. 34.

Hab. Cape Upstart, Australia.

28. Cyrena pLacipA, Desh. C. testa suborbiculari, sublenti-

culari, inequilaterali, in medio turgidula, epidermide squalide

Suscescente, tenuissime striata vestita; umbonibus brevibus,

erosis, vix prominentibus ; latere antico breviore, late rotun-

dato, postico truncato, angulo decurrente obtusissimo sepa-

rato; cardine lato, dentibus inequalibus, angustis, elongatis,

subparallelis, depressis, apice late canaliculatis, dentibus late-

ralibus subequalibus, depressis, compressis, postico minore.

Long. 54 mill., alt. 48, lat. 28.

Hab. ?

29. CyrEeNA DURA, Desh. C. testa ovato-subrotundata, ventri-

cosa, inequilaterali, crassa, solida, ponderosa, transversim ir-

regulariter striato-rugosa ; epidermide squalide fuscescenti-

ochracea, impolita ; umbonibus minimis, depressis, obliquis,

decorticatis ; lunula indistincta, in medio producta ; latere an-

tico late rotundato, postico equaliter rotundato, obscure sub-

truncato, angulo obtusissimo decurrente notato ; cardine lato,

solido, dentibus tribus primariis inequalibus, crassis, apice

emarginatis ; dente laterali antico brevi, conico, acuto, com-

pressiusculo, cardine approximato, postico oblongo, depresso,

remoto; linea pallit sub impressione musculari postica breviter

sinuosa.

Long. 70 mill., alt. 63, lat. 43.

Hab. 2

30. Cyrena arctata, Desh. C. testa trigona, inflata, cordi-

Sormi, solidissima, valde inequilaterali, transversim regulariter

striata, epidermide atro-virente nitente, vestita, intus alba,

sepius impressionibus muscularibus violaceis ; umbonibus mag-

nis, turgidis, obliquis ; latere antico brevi, declivi, rotundato,

postico attenuato, subtruncato, angulo decurrente obtuso cir-

cumscripto, area lunulaque levigatis; cardine angusto, brevi,

crasso, dentibus primariis tribus inequalibus, parvis, approxi-

matis, simplicibus ; dentibus lateralibus crassis, subequalibus,

prominentibus.

Long. 36 mill., alt. 36, lat. 30.

Hab. Maracaibo.

31. CyrRENA &QUILATERA, Desh. C. testa trigona, depressius-

cula, equilaterali; lateribus subequalibus ; epidermide squa-

lide fusca vel griseo-fuscescente, striata, postice squamosa ;

latere antico paulo breviore et posticali rectilineis, inferiore

parum arcuato; umbonibus parvis, depressis, oppositis, ap-

proximatis ; latere postico plano, angulo obtusissimo circum-

dato ; valvis tenuibus, intus albis, in fornice pallide aurantiis ;

cardine angustissimo, tridentato ; dentibus parvis, inequalibus,

divaricatis, duobus in valvula sinistra bifidis, dentibus latera-

libus parvis, remotis, fossula valve sinistre anguste canalicu-

lata usque ad basin dentis antici.

Hab. Cayenne (rivulets).

32. CyrRENA (ANOMALA) INSIGNIS. C. testa ovato-cordiformi,

turgida, crassiuscula, inequilaterali, epidermide fusco-virente, —

multilaminosa vestita, lamellis crispis, multo numerosioribus ad

margines ; umbonibus magnis, tumidis, decorticatis, parum ob-

liquis, oppositis ; latere antico paulo breviore, late rotundato,

Pil

postico lato, truncato, obtuse angulato; cardine angusto, crasso,

tridentato ; dentibus inequalibus, divergentibus ; lateralibus

inequalibus, antico majore, conico, basi ovali, postico remoto,

angusto ; valvis intus albis, latere postico violaceo ; sinu pallii

angustissimo, acutissimo, profundo, oblique ad umbones ascen-

dente.

Long. 50 mill., alt. 44, lat. 35.

Hab. Bay of California.

33. CyrENA suBquADRATA. C. testa ovato-subquadrangulari,

transversa, inequilaterali, tumida, solidiuscula, transversim

tenue et irregulariter striata, striis obsoletis, epidermide viridi-

Jflavescente, ad margines multilaminosa vestita ; umbonibus de-

pressiusculis, decorticatis, parum obliquis; latere antico su-

perne parum dilatato, antice oblique subtruncato, postico su-

perne leviter arcuato, oblique late truncato, inferne angulato ;

cardine satis lato, tridentato, dentibus angustis, approximatis,

divergentibus, lateralibus inequalibus, antico crasso, conico,

brevi, postico angustiore remoto ; valvis intus albis, in margine

postico violaceis.

Long. 45 mill., alt. 39, lat. 30.

Hab. California. ¥

34. Cyrena (ANoMALA) NiTIDULA, Desh. C. testa ovato-

transversa, turgidula, tenui, fragili, inequilaterali, transver-

sum tenue et obsolete striata, epidermide viridi, subnitente,

tenuissime laminosa vestita; umbonibus tumidiusculis, acutis,

oppositis ; latere antico paulo breviore, obtuso, postico superne

declivi, parum attenuato, rotundato vel subtruncato ; cardine

angustissimo, dentibus primariis tribus inequalibus, angustissi-

mis, divergentibus, majoribus apice anguste fissis, lateralibus

subequalibus, distantibus, minimis, in valva dextra duplicatis,

antico crassiore; sinu pallii brevi, triangulari, acuto; valvis

intus pallide violaceis, ad margines saturatioribus.

Long. 28 mill., alt. 25, lat. 17.

Hab. 2

35. CyRENA NoTABILIS, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

quadrilatera, depressiuscula, inequilaterali, transversim tenue

et irregulariter striata, albo-lutescente, sub epidermide tenui,

Suscescente ; latere antico brevi, obtuso, postico late truncato,

superiore et inferiore rectis, parallelis; umbonibus obliquis,

integris, approximatis ; ligamento elongato, cylindraceo, pro-

ducto ; valvis intus albo-lutescentibus, in latere postico macula

intense violacea intus extusque notatis ; cardine tridentato, den-

tibus inequalibus, obliquis, divaricatis, dente laterali antico

parvo, conico, acuminato, postico obsoleto, remotissimo.

Hab. Peru (at the mouths of rivers).

36. CyrENA ANomaLA. C. testa trigona, valde inflata, cordi-

Sormi, valde inequilaterali, tenui, fragili, transversim tenue et

obsolete striata, epidermide viridi, tenue striata induta, striis

ad margines et postice laminoso-crispis ; umbonibus magnis,

acutis, revolutis, oppositis, violaceis; latere antico breviore,

late semicirculari, postico attenuato, conico, rostrato, acumi-

nato; area plana, angulo obtusissimo cireumscripta ; cardine

angustissimo, dentibus tribus primariis minimis, approximatis,

subequalibus, divergentibus, mediano profunde fisso ; dentibus

lateralibus subequalibus, distantibus, compressis, laminatis, in

valva dextra duplicatis, antico suleo profundo margine sepa-

rato.

Long. 50 mill., alt. 40, lat. 34.

Hab. Bay of Caraccas ; Peru.

37. CyrEeNna (ANoMALA) Cumrnet. C. testa ovato-subtrigona,

inequilaterali, tumida, cordiformi, satis solida, transversim

inequaliter tenuissime striata, epidermide fusco-virescente, in-

Serne lamellosa vestita ; umbonibus magnis, prominentibus,

oppositis, decorticatis, approximatis ; latere antico brevi, late

rotundato, postico attenuato, superne declivi, eatremitate trun-

cato, angulo obtuso, decurrente circumscripto ; ecardine an-

gusto, in medio paulo latiore; dentibus tribus primariis in-

equalibus, approximatis, angustis, apice profunde bifidis, late-

ralibus magnis, equidistantibus, antico paulo majore, conico,

acuto ; valvis intus candidissimis.

Long. 60 mill., alt. 52, lat. 44.

Hab. Central America.

38. Cyrena (ANomALA) IsocarpiorpEs. C. testa orbiculato-

subtrigona, inequilaterali, turgida, cordiformi, tenui, fragili,

tenuissime transversim inequaliter striata, epidermide olivacea,

nigro-conulata vestita ; umbonibus magnis, subinvolutis, oppo-

sitis, atro-violaceis ; latere antico regulariter late semicirculari,

postico superne declivi, attenuato, subrostrato ; area plana,

ovato-lanceolata, angulo lato, obtuso, decurrente circumscripta ;

cardine angustissimo, dentibus primariis tribus minutissimis,

approximatis, subequalibus, duobus anticis parallelis, postico

divaricato; dentibus lateralibus minimis, subequidistantibus,

margine sulco angusto, profundo separatis, in valva dextra du-

plicatis; pallii impressione margine inferiore proxima ; valvis

intus albis, utroque latere violaceo maculatis.

Long. 54 mill., alt. 53, lat. 41.

Hab. Columbia.

39. CyrenA (ANOMALA) ANGULATA. C. festa trigona, turgi-

dula, equilaterali, solidula, laevigata, epidermide squalide fus-

cescente vestita; umbonibus minimis, depressis, oppositis, la-

tere antico atque postico equaliter conveaiusculis et declivi-

bus ; latere antico obtuso, subangulato, postico angulato, sub-

rostrato ; margine inferiore ventricoso ; cardine angusto, den-

tibus primariis tribus minimis, angustis, duobus majoribus

apice profunde fissis ; dentibus lateralibus inequalibus, com-

pressis, antico magno, acuto, triangulari; valvis intus albis,

seu roseo superne tinctis.

Long. 34 mill., alt. 50, lat. 20.

Hab. ?

40. Cyrena (ANOMALA) INFLATA. C. testa orbiculato-subtri-

gona, cordiformi, inflata, inequilaterali, tenui, transversim

tenue et inequaliter striata, epidermide squalide fuscescente,

breviter laminosa vestita; umbonibus magnis, prominentibus,

oppositis, approximatis ; latere antico breviusculo, superne con-

caviusculo, antice producto et obtuso, latere postico latiore,

oblique truncato, angulo obtuso decurrente circumscripto ; car-

dine angustissimo, dentibus tribus primariis inequalibus, mini-

mis, divergentibus, postico valve dextre majore, profunde fisso,

dentibus lateralibus subequalibus, in valva dextra duplicatis,

antico paulo crassiore.

Long. 55 mill., alt. 52, lat. 42.

Hab. Panama.

41. Cyrena nitrpa, Desh. C. testa orbiculato trigona, depres-

siuscula, inequilaterali, epidermide prasina, nitente, levigata

vestita ; latere antico obtuso, breviore, postico magis attenuato

frexura decurrente, oblique sinuoso, margine superiore postico

convexo, inferiore regulariter arcuato; umbonibus parvis, de-

pressis, obliquis, approximatis ; ligamento elongato, partim in-

fosso ; valvis crassis, solidis, intus candidissimis ; cardine an-

gusto, inequaliter tridentato ; dentibus obliquis latis in valva

dextra, angustis in altera; dente laterali postico compresso,

conico, acuto, antico breviore.

Long. 75 mill., alt. 71, lat. 44.

Hab. 2

5. On a New Species or MusopuaGa.

By Joun Gou tp, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

Mr. Gould exhibited a drawing, made by Lieut. J. H. Stack, and

some feathers shed from the tail and wings of a species of Musophaga,

a specimen of which had been living for the last ten years at St. Helena

in the possession of Lady Ross, the widow of the late Sir Patrick Ross,

Governor of that island. From an examination of the drawing and

feathers above mentioned, Mr. Gould was of opinion that the bird is

a larger and more beautifully coloured species than any of the Muso-

phage with which we were previously acquainted. Lady Ross in-

formed Mr. Gould that it is nearly as large as a common hen-

pheasant, and has a long, full, graduated blue tail, which is also the

colour of the neck, the whole of the body and the wings, except the

primaries, which are arterial blood-red, margined at the tips with a

purplish-brown colour, similar to that in Musophaga violacea; the

bill and the large denuded orbits are yellow; the irides brown; and

the crown of the head surmounted with a high rounded crest of hair-

like blood-red feathers. It was brought from the western coast of

Africa, but the precise locality was unknown.

For this new species Mr. Gould proposed the name of Musophaga

Rossie, in honour of its amiable owner. A perfect skin of this bird

has since been sent to England, and a full description of it, accom-

panied by a figure, will be given in the Transactions of the Society.

January 24, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. ON THE SIZE OF THE RED CORPUSCLES OF THE BLOOD OF

THE GREAT ANTEATER (MyRMECOPHAGA JUBATA).

By Grorce Gutuiver, F.R.S.

These have the usual form, but differ in their comparatively large

size from those of most other Mammalia. Their average diameter

is g7sgth of an English inch, varying between the extremes of

serath and 35';,th of an inch.

All observers had come to the conclusion that there is no con-

nection between the size of an animal and that of its blood-cor-

puscles, when I ascertained that in any truly natural family there

is really such connection, however it may be in animals of such dif-

ferent orders as those to which the mouse and horse belong. The

Great Anteater has larger blood-corpuscles than any yet examined

in the other and smaller Edentata, though they are remarkably large

in the Two-toed Sloth; and the Capybara has the largest ever seen

among the Rodentia. Indeed, as this last order is characterized by

a comparatively large size of blood-corpuscle, it might be supposed

that in the great extinct species the corpuscles were larger than any

ever measured in the Mammalia; and if any gigantic species allied

to the Anteater should be found, its red corpuscles may be expected

to be alike remarkable for comparative magnitude.

In the present species they are about the same size as in the Ele-

phant, and are certainly, excepting those of this great pachyderma-

tous animal, the largest yet observed in the Mammalia, as may be

seen by reference to the copious Tables of Measurements which I

have appended to the English version of Gerber’s Anatomy, and to

my edition of Hewson’s Works, published for the Sydenham Society.

With the exception just mentioned, it is still a very interesting fact,

that a simple examination of less than one hundredth of a grain of

its dried blood would suffice to distinguish the Anteater from any

other animal in the Society’s Menagerie.

Proce. 4.0. Aves. ae

J Wolf lith M &N. Hanhart Imp!

RUTICILLA PH@NICUROIDES. Moare.

Pro¢e. 4.5 . Aves yi

J Wolf, lith M & WV. Henhart fmp'

RUTICILLA HODGSONIS4.?. Moore

OT Wk =A

J Wolf, lith M & WW. Hanhart, mp |

RUFOGULARIS,3 .¢./ Moore.

: ; i ;

ae ©

siete

ts ih hig

RUTICILLA \

IGORSL, 6 Moore.

MEN Hanhart, Imp‘

J Wolf, hth M&N.H anhart,Imp'

RUTICILLA NIGROGULARIS.6./. Moore

2. A MonoGrapH oF THE Genus RuTIcILLA, witH DeEscrRiP-

TIONS OF SOME NEw SPECIES.

By Freperic Moors, Assist. Mus. East Inp1aA Company.

(Aves, Pl. LVII.—LXI.)

Genus Ruticiixa (Ray), Brehm.

Syn. Ficedula, Boie. Phenicura, Swains. Chaimarrornis, Hodgs.*

1. Ruricrtua PHa@NIcURA, Linn.

Syn. Motacilla phenicurus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 335.

Sylvia pheenicurus, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 511; Gen. Hist. vii. p. 21.

Ruticilla sylvestris, Brehm, Voeg. Deutschl. p. 363. t. 21. f. 4.

Phenicura ruticilla, Swains. Class. of B. ii. p. 240. Gould, Birds

of Eur. t. 95.

Ficedula phenicura, Boie, Isis (1822), p. 553.

Phenicura muraria, Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 489.

Ruticilla phenicurus, Bonap. Geogr. Comp. List of B. p. 15, et

C. G. Av. p. 296. G. R. Gray, Gen. of B.i. p. 180. Blyth, Journ.

A. 8. Beng. xvi. p. 133; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 168.

? Pheenicura albifrons, Brandt.

The Redstart, Bewick.

Hab. Europe; W. Asia; N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

2. RuTICILLA PHENICUROIDES, nobis. (Pl. LVII.)

Forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat and breast black, extending

much lower down on the latter than in R. pheenicura; crown, neck,

back and upper wing-coverts ash, with a rufous tint, the ash palest

on the crown; wings brown, with the edges of the exterior webs

paler ; from breast to vent, under wing-coverts, upper and lower

tail-coverts and tail (except the two medial feathers which are brown)

tufous. Male.

Length, 5 inches ; wing, 3, the first primary being a } inch longer,

and the second a i inch shorter than in R. phenicura; tail, 23;

bill to gape, ;7,, more elongated, not so broad at base, and it is also

a trifle longer; and tarse, 4.

Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

This species is closely allied to R. phenicura, but is readily di-

stinguished from it in the absence of the white on the front of the

crown. |

3. Ruricriya TiTHYys, Scopoli.

Syn. Sylvia tithys, Scopoli, Ann. i, p. 157. Lath. Ind. Orn, ii.

p- 912; Gen. Hist. vii. p. 23.

Ruticilla tithys, Brehm, Voeg. Deutsch]. p. 365. Gould, Birds

of Eur. t.96. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180, et Cat. Brit. B.

in B. M. p. 62. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

? Motacilla erythacus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 335.

* Altered to Chaemarrhornis by Agassiz, in his ‘Nomenclator Zoologicus’.

? Motacilla gibraltariensis, Gmel. 8. N. L.1. p. 987.

? Motacilla atrata, Gmel. 8S. N. L. i. p. 988. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii.

p- 514 (nec Lath. Gen. Hist.).

The Black Redstart, Kyton.

Hab. Europe; W. Asia; N. Africa.

4, RUTICILLA NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.

Syn. Pheenicura nipalensis, v. atrata, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc.

(1844) p. 83.

Sylvia atrata, Lath. Gen. Hist. vii. p. 26 (nec Gmel. et Lath. Ind.

Orn.).

Phenicura atrata, Jard. et Selby, Il. Ind. Orn. t. 86. f.3. Sykes,

P. Z. S. (1832) p. 92. Jerd. Madras Journ. x. p. 267. Blyth,

Journ. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 190.

Ruticilla atrata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Hodgs.

Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68.

Ruticilla indica, Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A.S. Beng. p. 168 (1850).

Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

Black Indian Redstart, Jard. et Selby.

Thirt-hira (i. e. Shaker), Hind., Jerdon.

Thirthir Kumpa, Plains, Royle.

Phirira or Lalgirdi, Beng., Dr. F. (Buch.) Hamilton, MS. ii. p. 94.

Hab. India generally. In Mus. Kast India Company.

““This species is very common in most parts of India during the

cold weather, but more so in the table-land, I think, than in the Car-

natic. It is solitary, frequenting wooded places, gardens, hedges, old

walls and out-buildings, being often seen about the roofs of houses.

It feeds on the ground, on wasps, ants, and various other insects.

Has a most peculiar quivering motion of its tail, especially after

feeding.””—Jerdon.

5. Rutic1tta Hopesont, nobis. (Pl. LVIII.)

Syn. Phenicura ruticilla, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 82

(nec Swains.).

ae Reevesii, Hodgs. Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 67 (nec J. E.

Gray).

Phenicura Reevesit, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 963 (nec

J. E. Gray).

Ruticilla erythrogastra, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 168

(nec Gildenst.).

Tharcapni, Nepal, Hodgson.

Hab. Nepal. In Mus. East India Company.

Male: forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat and breast black ; fore

part of crown clear white (much narrower than in R. phenicura); hind

part of crown, neck, back and upper wing-coverts fine ash, lightest

on the crown; wings above dusky brown, the exterior margin of the

basal half of the secondaries white, forming a patch ; from the breast

to vent, under wing-coverts, rump, upper and lower tail-coverts and

tail (except the interior and exterior margins only of the two middle

feathers which are dusky brown) rufous. The female may be readily

distinguished by a general pufty appearance, and by the relative length

of wing, &e.

Length, 6 inches ; wing, 33; tail, 25; bill to gape, £; and tarse, 2.

6. RuriciLLa RUFOGULARIS, nobis. (Pl. LIX.)

Male: crown and back of neck mixed grey and ash; lores, ear-

coverts and sides of neck black ; wings and medial tail-feathers dark

brown; apical margin of the exterior web of the outer tail-feather

dusky ; smaller wing-coverts (except the feathers immediately on

the shoulder), scapulars, basal portion of the speculars, and apical

margins of the greater wing-coverts white; exterior margin of the

secondaries pale rufescent ; throat and breast, back and upper tail-

coverts and tail rufous; abdomen, under wing- and tail-coverts pale

rufescent. Female: cinereous brown above, rufescent beneath ; wings

dark brown, margined with pale rufescent ; lower part of back, upper

tail-coverts and tail rufous, the two medial feathers dark brown, ex-

terior margin of the outer dusky.

Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

7. RUTICILLA ERYTHROGASTRA, Gildenstadt.

Syn. Motacilla erythrogastra, Gildenst. Nov. Comm. Petrop. xix.

p. 469. t. 16,17. Gmel. 8S. N. L. i. p. 975.

Sylvia erythrogastra, Lath. Ind. Orn.-i. p. 503; Gen. Hist. vii.

aiDhe

fi Motacilla ceraunia, Pallas, Zoogr.i. p. 478.

Ruticilla grandis, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1849) p. 112.

Ruticilla erythrogastra, Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Gould, Birds

of Asia, t. 50.

The Chestnut-bellied Warbler, Lath.

Hab. Cashmere; Kumaon; Nepal (No. 969. Hodgs. Catal.). In

Mus. East India Company.

“This species frequents the gravelly hollows of the Caucasian tor-

rents during the whole of the summer, and migrates southward, in

search of food, on the approach of winter ; it runs along the banks of

rivers ; is restless, but not fearful ; often moving its tail while sitting

on the low shrubs; it makes its nest among the branches of the sea

buckthorn, of the berries of which it is very fond.’’—Giildenstadt.

8. Ruticitia Vieorst, nobis. (Pl. LX.)

Female : above, head, neck and back cinereous ; wings dusky, with

paler margins ; beneath rufescent; upper tail-coverts and tail rufous,

the two medial feathers dusky, as is also the exterior web of the

outer and tip of each feather, but paler; bill and legs black.

Length, 7 inches; wing, 41; first quill 14 inch shorter than the

second, the third 8 longer than the second, fourth and fifth equal

and longest, the third and sixth equal and but a trifle shorter than

the fourth and fifth, the seventh a+ inch longer than the second,

the eighth 4 shorter than the second; tail, 3; bill to gape, £; and

tarse, 1.

Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

This may eventually prove to be the female of a species allied to

R. erythrogastra, but having no white wing-patch.

9. RuTicILLa AUROREA, Pallas.

Syn. Motacilla aurorea, Pall. Zoogr.i. p.477. Kittl. Kupf. Veg.

t. 26. f.1. Gmel. S. N. L.i. p. 976. Lath. Hist. vii. p. 92.

Phenicura Reevesii, J. E. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1832) p.1. M‘Clel-

land, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 161.

Ruticilla avrorea, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180 (excel. syn.).

Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

Lusciola aurorea, Schlegel, Faun. Japon. t. 21 p.

Daurian Warbler, Lath.

Reeves’s Redstart, Gray.

Hab, Assam; China; Japan. In Mus. East India Company.

Male: forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat, fore part of breast, back,

upper wing-coverts, apical and basal portion of the secondaries and

tertiaries, and the two medial tail-feathers black ; exterior margin of

the outer tail-feather and apical margin of the rest dusky black ; me-

dial portion of both webs of the secondaries and tertiaries white ;

crown of head and back of neck slaty ash, rather whitish above the

ear-coverts ; breast, abdomen, under wing-coverts, upper and lower

tail-coverts and tail (except as above) rufous. Female: above brown,

the wing-patch rufescent white ; beneath rufescent ; upper and lower

tail-coverts and tail (except the medial feathers of the latter which

are dusky brown) rufous; bill and legs black.

Length, 5 inches ; wing, 3; tail, 23; bill to gape, $; and tarse, 4.

10. Rutrcrtua LevcopTeRa, Blyth.

Syn. Phenicura leucoptera, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xii. p. 962.

Ruticilla leucoptera, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p. 134; Catal.

B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 168. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180.

Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

Hab. Malacca; Java. In Mus. As. Soc. Bengal.

“Size of R. phenicura, and much resembling in plumage R. nipa-

lensis, but smaller and the wings much shorter than in the latter

species ; it is also generally similar to R. phenicura, but has no white

on the forehead, which, with the crown, neck, and fore part of the

back, are ash-grey ; the middle of the back is black, as are also the

lores, ear-coverts, throat and breast ; and the rest of the under parts,

with the rump and tail, except the medial feathers of the latter, are

bright ferruginous, the exterior web of the outermost tail-feather being

marked with dusky ; wings dusky, having a large white patch occu-

pying the base of the secondaries and tertiaries, extending over both

webs of each feather; bill and feet black. According to season, the

dorsal plumage is margined with brown edgings, the under parts

more slightly with greyish, and the wing-coverts with brown. Fe-

male plain brown above, paler beneath, with rufous tail, and the same

great white wing-patch as in the male.

‘Length about 6 inches; of wing, 23; tail, 23; bill to gape, 3;

tarse, 3.”

11. RuricinLa C#RULEOCEPHALA, Vigors.

Syn. Phenicura ceruleocephala, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1830, p. 35.

Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 25.f.2. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xi. p.190.

Ruticilla ceruleocephala, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180.

Hodgs. Catal. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p.134;

Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.168. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

12. Ruticrtia scuisticers, Hodgson.

Syn. Phenicura schisticeps, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise.(1844) p.83.

Ruticilla schisticeps, Hodgs. Catal. B. of Nep. p.69, et App. p.153.

Hab. Nepal (No. 813. Hodgs. Catal.).

‘Side of the head and neck, back, wings and tail black; top of

the head pale slaty blue; throat and large patch on each wing white ;

lower part of breast and abdomen rufous chestnut.

“Length, 6 inches; wing, 3 inches 4 lines ; bill from gape, 7 lines;

tarse, 103 lines.”

The only known example of this species is in the British Museum.

13. RuTictLta NiGROGULARIS, nobis. (Pl. LXI.)

Crown of the head slaty blue, lightest on the forehead ; lores, ear-

coverts, throat, back of neck, back, upper wing-coverts, two middle

tail-feathers entirely, and the rest (except the basal portion) black ;

wings blackish brown, the scapulars, outer edges of the secondaries

and under wing-coverts white ; breast, flanks, belly, rump, upper and

lower tail-coverts and base of tail (except the two middle feathers)

bright chestnut ; the vent and under tail-coverts have a few white

feathers intermixed ; bill and legs black.

Length, 6 inches; wing, 33; tail, 25; bill to gape, #; tarse, 2.

Hab. Nepal (No. 813*. Hodgs. Catal.). In Mus. East India

Company.

This species is closely allied to R. schésticeps, but differs in having

the throat black instead of white.

14. RuticriLa FRONTALIS, Vigors.

Syn. Phenicura frontalis, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1831, p.172. Gould,

Cent. of Birds, t. 26. f.1. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 190.

Ruticilla frontalis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Hodgs.

Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 134;

Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 168. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

Ruticilla melanura, Less. Rev. Zool. (1840) p. 265.

Phenicura tricolor, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 83.

Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

15. Ruticitya ruLiernosa, Vigors.

Syn. Phenicura fuliginosa, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1830, p. 35. Blyth,

Journ. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 190.

Ruticilla fuliginosa, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 180. Hodgs.

Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, Jour. A. 8S. Beng. xvi. p. 134; Cat.

B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 169. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

Pheenicura plumbea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 185.

Ruticilla simplex, Less. Rey. Zool. (1840) p. 265.

Phenicura rubricauda, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 82

(the male).

Phenicura lineoventris, Hodgs. MS. (the female).

Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

« Found along rivers, near or among mountains, haunts rocks just

appearing above the torrent. Feeds on coleopterous insects. Con-

tinually spreading its tail out like a fan, and in a vibrating manner.”

—Griffith.

16. RuTiciLLaA LEUCOCEPHALA, Vigors.

Syn. Phenicura leucocephala, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1830, p. 35. Gould,

Cent. of Birds, t. 26. f. 1.

Sylvia erythrogastra, var. A, Lath. Hist. vii. p. 28.

Ruticilla leucocephala, Less. Rev. Zool. (1840) p. 265. G.R.

Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Hodgs. Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth,

Journ. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 134; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 169.

Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296.

Chaimarrornis leucocephalus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844)

. 82.

: The White-capped Redstart.

Gir-Chaondeea, Hind., Hardwicke.

Kalee pholia, Mohun Ghats, Royle.

Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company.

«This species is extremely common in the valley of the Dhoon,

and also in the hills, along the banks of streams and rivers, flitting

from rock to rock and stone to stone, and eternally shaking and

spreading its tail.” —Hutton.

17. RuTicrtLLa ERYTHRONOTA, Eversman.

Syn. Sylvia erythronota, Eversm. Addend. Pallas, Zoogr. Fasc. ii.

Ruticilla erythronota, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p.180. Bonap.

C. G. Av. p. 297.

Hab. Caucasus (non vidi).

3. CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS THE NaturRAL History OF THE

AuricuLip#&, A Famity or PutmMonitrerRous MOLLUvSsCa ;

witH DerscrIPTIONS OF MANY New SPECIES FROM THE

Cumineian Couitection. By H. anp A. ADAMS.

Dr. Pfeiffer, in the ‘ Zeitschrift fiir Malacozoologie,’ has very

naturally divided the Auriculide into two subfamilies, viz. duricu-

line, including those genera which live on the land, and of which

the peritreme of the shells is thickened or expanded; and the Me-

lampine, or those which are amphibious or living in brackish water,

and in which the peritreme of the shell is straight and acute. To

the first subfamily belong El/obium (or Auricula), Pythia (or Sea-

rabus), Cassidula, Alevia, Carychium, and Plecotrema, a new genus

proposed by the authors of this communication ; to the other sub-

family the following genera will appertain, viz. Melampus, Tralia,

Ophicardelus, Laimodonta, Marinula, Leuconia, Pedipes, and Otina.

The last-mentioned genus, according to the observations of Dr. Gray*,

only seems to differ from Pedipes in the shell beg ear-shaped and

not supplied with tooth-like plaits. In the present as in former com-

munications, the authors have endeavoured to arrange the synonymy

and indicate the generic position of the numerous species of Auricu-

lide.

Genus CassipuLA, Férussac.

Shell oval, subconic, solid; spire short, obtuse ; aperture narrow,

longitudinal; inner lip plicate anteriorly, thickened and reflected; outer

lip reflected, with an internal marginal callus, sinuated posteriorly.

Sidula, Gray ; Detracia, Gray ; Rhodostoma, Swainson.

1. CasstpuLA correA, Chemnitz.

Voluta coffea, Chemn. (not Linn.) ix. p. 45. t. 121. f. 1043, 1044.

—Bulimus auris-felis, Brug. Dict. no. 77; Encyecl. Méth. Vers,

p. 343.—Auricula felis, Lamk. Hist. viii. p. 326.—Cassidula Chem-

nitzii, Beck, Ind. Moll.

2. CASSIDULA NUCLEUS, Gmelin.

Helix nucleus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p. 3651. no. 255.—Auricula nu-

cleus, Martyn, Univ. Conch. t.67; Lamk. Hist. viii. p. 335. no. 21.—

Conovulus nucleus, Féruss. Prodr. p. 195. no. 26.

3. CassipuLA Krauss, Kiister.

Auricula Kraussii, Kist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 24.

t. 3. f. 6-8:

4, CASsIDULA MUSTELINA, Deshayes.

Auricula mustelina, Desh. Encycl. Méth. Vers, ii. p. 92. no. 14.

5. CassipULA RUGATA, Menke.

Auricula rugata, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holland. p. 7. no. 15.

6. CasstpuLA CumINGIANA, Recluz.

Conovulus Cumingianus, Recluz, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

vol. xvii. p. 295 (1846).

7. CASSIDULA ANGULIFERA, Petit.

Auricula angulifera, Petit, Rev. Zool. vol. iv. p. 101; Menke,

Moll. Nov. Holland. p. 8. no. 16.

8. CAssIDULA DOLIOLUM, Petit.

Auricula doliolum, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. December 1842; Ann.

and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xii. p. 347.

9. CasstpULA SuULCULOSA, Mousson.

Auricula sulculosa, Mouss. Land- und Siisswass. Moll. v. Java,

p. 45. pl. 5. f. 9.

* Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. January 1854, p. 74.

10. CasstpuLA SowERBYANA, Pfeiffer.

Auricula (Cassidula) Sowerbyana, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malacozool.

1853, p. 125.

11. Cassiputa FABA, Menke.

Auricula (Cassidula) faba, Menke, Zeitschr. f. Malacozool. 1853,

p. 124.

12. Casstputa zonata, H. et A. Adams. C. testa parva,

ovato-conoidea, fusca, zonis rufis inequalibus cincta, transver-

sim punctato-striata, suturis marginatis; apertura angusta ;

columella biplicata, postice tuberculo unico, plicam medianam

magnam cirea regionem umbilicalem carinam formante ; labro

extus incrassato, intus marginato, in medio unidentato.

Hab. Sydney, under stones, low water. Mus. Cuming.

13. CasstpuLA prEcussATA, H. et A. Adams. C. testa ovata,

crassa, fusca, spira obtusa, lineis impressis, transversis et longi-

tudinalibus valde decussata ; lira elevata ad suturas ; apertura

oblonga, angusta; columella triplicata, plica postica obsoleta,

tuberculiformi ; labro marginato, postice resecto, extus albido.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming.

Subgenus Strona, H. and A. Adams.

Shell ovato-cylindrical ; spire obtuse ; whorls transversely striated ;

aperture linear; inner lip with two anterior plaits; outer lip thick-

ened internally, posteriorly sinuated.

14. Cassiputa (Strona) Avena, Petit.

Auricula avena, Petit, Revue Zool. vol. v. p. 106 (1842).

15. CassrpuLa (S1oNA) FRUMENTUM, Petit.

Auricula frumentum, Petit, Revue Zool. vol. v. p. 105 (1842).

16. Casstpuxa (S1onA) TRITICEA, Philippi.

Auricula triticea, Philippi (in litt.), Kuster, p. 49 (not identified).

Genus Autexia, Leach.

Shell oblong-ovate ; spire acuminate ; aperture elongate ; inner lip

3-5-plaited ; outer lip with the margin reflexed, thickened, or dentate

internally.

Phytia, Gray; Pythia, Beck (not Bolten); Ovatella, Bivona;

Jaminea, Brown (part.).

1. ALEXIA DENTICULATA, Montagu.

Voluta denticulata, Mont. Test. Brit. p. 234. t. 20. f. 5.—Voluta

ringens, Turt. Conch. Dict.—Auricula myosotis, Jeffr. (not Drap.).

—Acteon denticulata, Fleming, Brit. Anim.

2. ALEXIA PERSONATA, Michaud.

Carychium personatum, Mich. Compl. 4 Drap. p. 73. no. 2. pl. 15.

f. 42, 43.—Auricula personata, Lamk. Hist. ed. Desh. tom. viii.

p. 334.no.18; Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 118. no. 3.—Auricula

tenella, Menke, Syn.

3. ALEXIA REFLEXILABRIS, D’Orbigny.

Auricula reflexilabris, D’Orbig. Voy. dans ’ Amér. Mérid. tab. 6.

p- 140.

4. Atexia myosotts, Draparnaud.

Auricula myosotis, Draparn. Moll. pl. 3. f. 16, 17; Blainv. Malac.,

p- 453, pl. 37 bis, f. 6.—Voluta denticulata, Dillw. Cat. t.i. p. 506.

no. 18.—Auricula pellucens, Menke, Syn.

5. Avexsa acuta, D’Orbigny.

Auricula acuta, D’Orb. Syn. Mag. de Zool. 1835, p. 23. no. 2.

6. Auexta Kutscuierana, Kiister.

Auricula Kutschigiana, Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea)

p. 55. t. 8. f. 11-14.

7. Auexta BiAsouettiana, Kiister.

Auricula Biasolettiana, Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea)

p. 56. t. 8. f. 18-20.

8. Atex1a Bermupensis, H. et A. Adams. A. testa ovato-

conica, spira producta, acuta, fusca, nitida, longitudinaliter

substriata ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, suturis marginatis ;

apertura ovali, postice acuta ; columella biplicata, plica postica

valida ; labro subreflexo, albido-marginato.

Hab. Bermuda. Mus. Cuming.

Genus Carycuium, Miller.

Shell subcylindrical ; spire elevated ; whorls few, rounded; aper-

ture small ; inner lip straight, with a single fold; outer lip thickened

and rather reflexed.

Auricella (part.), Jurine.

1. Carycurum minimvuM, O. F. Miller.

Carychium minimum, O. F. Mill. Hist. Verm. ii. p. 125. no. 321.

—Heliz carychium, Gmel. p. 3665.—Turbo carychium, Dillw. Cat.

il. p. 880.—Auricula minima, Drap. Moll. de France, p. 57. t. 3.

f. 18, 19.—Bulimus minimus, Brug. Encycl. Méth. Vers, i. no. 21.

—Auricella carychium, Hartm. in Sturm’s Fauna, vi. Heft 6. tab. 1.

—Odostomia carychium, Flem. Edin. Encycl.—Auricula minima,

Lamk.—Carychium pygmeum, Mich.— Auricula pygmea, Desh.—

Carychium nanum, Kist. (var.) p. 5.

2. CaRYCHIUM ExIGUUM, Say.

Pupa ewigua, Say, Journ. Philad. ii. p. 375.—Carychium exiguum,

Kiist. Chemn. (Auriculacea) t. 1. f. 13, 14.

No. CCLXII.—Proceepineés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

3. CARYCHIUM SPELZUM, Rossmassler.

Carychium speleum, Rossm. Iconograph. ixx. p. 36. no. 2. pl. 49.

f. 661.

4. CARYCHIUM SPECTABILE, Rossmassler.

Carychium spectabile, Rossm. ixx. p. 36. no. 1. pl. 49. f. 659.

5. Carycutum Inpicum, Benson.

Carychium Indicum, Bens. Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist.; 2nd ser.

iv. p. 194.

Genus OrpHIcARDELUS, Beck.

Shell ovate-oblong, umbilicated, smooth ; spire elevated, subconic ;

aperture oval; inner lip anteriorly dilated and reflexed, with two

plaits at the fore part, the posterior spiral, forming an elevated ridge

round the umbilical region ; outer lip thin, simple.

1. OpHicarDELUs AusTRALIs, Bruguitre.

Bulimus australis, Brug. Encyel. Méth. p. 347.—Auricula au-

stralis, Desh. Lamk. Hist. Nat. deux. édit. tom. vill. p. 333. no. 15;

Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l’Astrol. ii. p. 169. pl. 13. f. 34-38.—duri-

cula ovata, Gray, Spicil. Zool. p. 5. pl. 6. f. 21.

2. OpHicaRDELUS Quoy1, H. et A. Apams. O. testa ovato-

conica, spira elata, conoidea, brunnea, fasciis angustis trans-

versis cincta, levi, nitida, longitudinaliter striata ; anfractu

ultimo carina spirali circa regionem umbilicalem circumeincto ;

apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella biplicata ; labro intus via

marginato et unilamellato.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming.

Subgenus Larmoponta, Nuttall.

Shell oblong-ovate, imperforate, thin, transversely striated ; spire

elevated, conic ; aperture oval ; inner lip with three plaits, the ante-

rior small; outer lip with the margin acute, posteriorly sinuated, in-

ternally with an elevated transverse ridge.

Lirator, Beck. ?

3. OpHIcaRDELUS (LArmoponTA) TH£NIATA, Nuttall.

Laimodonta teniata, Nutt. Sow. Manual.

4, OpuicarDELus (Larmoponta) SANDWICHENSIS, Eydoux et

Souleyet.

Auricula Sandwichensis, Eyd. et Soul. Voy. Bonite, pl. 29. f. 29, 30.

5. OpwicarpDELus (LArmoponTA) concrinna, C. B. Adams.

Auricula concinna, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 208. no. 310.

6. OpHicarpELus (Laimoponta) suucara, H. et A. Adams.

O. testa ovata, spira conica, elongata, apice erosa, brunnea,

fasciis tribus pallidis transversis ornata, transversim sulcata,

liris intermediis subgranulosis instructa; apertura angusta ;

columella biplicata, plica postica earinam spiralem cirea regio-

nem umbilicalem formante ; labro acuto, simplice, intus levi.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

7. OpuicaRDELUS (Larmoponta) Layarnt, H. et A. Adams.

O. testa ovato-conica, rufo-fusca, fascia alba, lata, transversa

ornata; spira elata, apice acuta, anfractibus planis, transversin

suleatis ; apertura ovata ; columella triplicata, plicis posterio-

ribus validis ; labro intus unilamellato, margine acuto.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Layard). Mus. Cuming.

Genus Marinuta, King.

Foot simple inferiorly, without a transverse groove.

Shell ovate-oblong, imperforate, solid, smooth ; apex short, acute ;

aperture obovate ; inner lip broad, excavated, with three plaits, the

posterior the largest ; outer lip posteriorly sinuated, internally simple,

the margin acute.

1. Marrinuta pepita, King.

Marinula pepita, King. Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 344.—Auricula

pepita, Reeve, Conch. Syst. t. 187. f. 1.— Pythia pepita, Beck, Ind.

Moll.—Conovulus triplicatus, Anton, Verzeich. p- 48. no. 1779.

2. MARINULA PATULA, Lowe.

Melampus patulus, Lowe, Mon. Melamp. Zool. Journ. vol.v. p.289.

3. MARINULA MARINELLA, King.

Auricula marinella, King, Zool. Journ. vol. v.—Auricula nigra,

Phil. in litt. Kiist. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) t. 3. f. 4, 5. p. 23.

4, Marinuua CAaLuaoEnsis, Petit.

Auricula Callaoensis, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc.

5. Marinus Reciuziana, Petit.

Auricula Recluziana, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 201.

6. MArRINnULA CYMB2FORMIS, Recluz.

Auricula cymbeformis, Recluz. Rev. Zool.

7. Marrtnvuta puncrTaAtTA, Bivona.

Ovatella punctata, Bivon. Nuov. Gen. e Spec. p. 4. t. 2. f. 12.—

Auricula villosa, Fér.—Auricula Firminii, Payraud, Cat. Moll.

Corse, pl. 5. f. 10.—Melampus Firminii, Lowe.

3. Marinuxa aaQua.is, Lowe.

Melampus equalis, Lowe, Zool. Journ. (Mon. Melamp.) vol. v.

p- 288. t. 12. f. 1-4.—Melampus gracilis, Lowe (var.).

9. MarinuLa xanTHostoma, H. and A. Adams. WM. testa

ovato-oblonga, solida, leviuscula, nitida, fulva; spira acuta,

anfractibus 5, convexiusculis ; apertura oblongo-ovata, lutea ;

columella triplicata, plica postica pervalida; labro acuto, in

medio vie incrassato, postice sinuato.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming.

Genus Pepires, Adanson.

Foot furnished inferiorly with a transverse groove.

Shell subglobose, imperforate, transversely striated ; spire short,

obtuse ; aperture narrow; inner lip flattened and excavated, with

three plaits, the posterior the largest ; outer lip posteriorly sinuated,

with two teeth internally ; margin acute.

1. Pepirrs Arra, Gmelin.

Helix Afra, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 3651. no. 194.—Pedipes, Adan-

son, Voy. au Senegal, p. 11. pl. 1. f. 4. —Pedipes Adansonii, Blainv.

Dict. t. xl. p. 288.

2. Prepires ANGULATA, C. B. Adams.

Pedipes angulata, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 207. no. 308.

3. Pepiprrs ovauis, C. B. Adams.

4, PEDIPES QUADRIDENS, Pfeiffer.

5. PEDIPES GLOBULUS, Féruss.

Genus Levconra, Gray.

Shell ovate-oblong, imperforate, smooth; spire conical ; aperture

elongate-oval ; inner lip with two plaits anteriorly ; outer lip smooth

internally, the margin simple.

1, Levconta aLBa, Montagu.

Voluta alba, Mont. Test. Brit. 235; Turt. Dict.—Auricula

alba, Gray, Aun. Phil. xv.; Jeffr. Linn. Trans. xvi. 370; Forbes,

Malac. Monensis, 12.—Valvaria alba, Flem. Brit. Anim. ; Walker,

Min. Shells, f. 61.—Voluta bidentata, Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl.

100. t. 30. f. 2.—Auricula bidentata, Féruss. Tab. Moll. 103.

—Auricula erosa, Jeffr. (var.)

2. Lrvuconta Say, Kiister.

Auricula Sayi, Kiist. Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea)

p. 42, £6. f, 14.4

3. LrucontA MICROSTOMA, Kiister.

Auricula microstoma, Kiist. Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab. (Auricu-

lacea) p. 52. t. 1. f. 18, 19.

4. Leuvconra Micuent, Mittré.

Auricula Micheli, Mittré, Rev. Zool. vol. iv. p. 66.

5. Levuconta Bivona, Philippi.

Auricula Bivona, Phil. in litt. Kiister, Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab.

(Auriculacea) p. 20. t. 2. f. 14, 15.

Proc. Z.S. Mollusca PL XXVIL

Sowerby. Ford & West Imp:

|. Tureica monilifera._ 4:Typhis grandis._ 7 Zizrpkinus spectabilis

2 Clanculus nodulosus._ 5. Eudora coronata.— 8Delphmula Martini

S-Larma Strangei._ 6, Desmoulea rméens._.9Rostellaria melanocheilus

6. Lruvconia AURICELLA, Férussac.

Auricula auricella, Féruss. Prodr. p. 103. no. 5; Kiister, Auricu-

lacea, p. 47. t. 7. f. 12, 13.

Genus PLecotrema, H. et A. Adams.

Shell ovato-conic, solid, umbilicated ; spire elevated, acute ; aper-

ture contracted, oblong ; inner lip with three plaits, the middle one

bifid; outer lip with a marginal varix, internally bidentate. (Proc.

Z. S. 1853. p. 120.)

1. PLecorremMA sBeuua, H. et A. Adams. P. testa ovato-

conica, late umbilicata ; spira acuminata, anfractibus gradatis,

ad suturas angulatis, liris transversis, granulatis, equalibus

concinne insculptis ; apertura parva, peristomate libero ; labio

triplicato, plica mediana duplicata; labro intus bidentato,

extus incrassato, limbato.

Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

4. FurtHer ContTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS THE NATURAL History

OF THE TROCHID#Z: WITH THE DeEscRIPTION oF A NEW

GENUS AND OF SEVERAL New SPECIES, FROM THE

Cumine1An CottectTion. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S. etc.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXVII.)

Genus Turcica, A. Adams. (Nov. gen.)

Shell conoidal, thin, subdiaphanous, imperforate ; whorls with

transverse series of granules, the last rounded at the periphery ; colu-

mella solid, spirally twisted at the upper part, ending below or ante-

riorly in an obtuse prominent point ; outer lip thin, simple, acute.

This genus is founded on a beautiful trochoid shell from Australia,

having somewhat the aspect and singular texture of a Ziziphinus ;

the great peculiarity, however, of the spirally-contorted columella

distinguishes it from all the species of that genus.

1. TurcicaA MonitireRA, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 1.)

T. testa conoidea, subdiaphana, tenui, imperforata, fulva,

aureo-nitente; anfractibus convexiusculis, cingulis monili-

Sormibus, transversis, interstitiis oblique striatis, insculptis ;

suturis canaliculatis ; anfractu ultimo cingula granulorum, in

serie duplici dispositorum, ornato ; basi convexa, cingulis granu-

losis granulis nonnullis fuscis instructa ; apertura suborbi-

culari ; columella superne spirali, antice in dentem desinente ;

labro margine acuto, intus lirato.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia. Mus. Cuming.

2. Zizipuinus spectasiiis, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 7.)

Z. testa conoidea, solida, imperforata, nitida, carneo-fulvescente ;

anfractibus planulatis, cingulis transversis, moniliformibus,

granulis albidis, interstitiis subpurpureis, alternantibus ornatis ;

anfractu ultimo rotundato, infima facie concentrice et valde

lirato, regione umbilicali alba; columella solida, arecuata ;

apertura subquadrata ; labro margine acuto, intus sulcato.

Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming.

3. Zizreuinus spectiosus, A.Adams. Z. testa pyramidali-conica,

imperforata, carnea, rufo variegata et punctata; anfractibus

planulato-concavis, liris transversis, subgranulatis, majoribus

cum minoribus alternantibus, granulis nonnullis rufo-fuscis,

insculptis ; anfractu ultimo obtuse angulato, basi concentrice

exarato, regione umbilicali impressa, callo rufo cincta; aper-

tura subquadrata ; columella solida, subarcuata, antice vix

truncata ; labro intus lirato, margine in medio subangulato.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

4. ZizrpHinus comptus, A. Adams. Z. testa elevato-conica, im-

perforata, alba, rubro sparsim punctata, apice atro-purpurea ;

anfractibus planiusculis, suturis canaliculatis, cingulis trans-

versis, granulosis, lineis elevatis alterndntibus ornatis, granu-

lis nitidissimis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura qua-

drato-orbiculari ; columella arcuata, in medio vix tuberculata ;

labro acuto, simplice, intus lirato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

5. ZizipHinus sciruuus, A. Adams. Z. testa turbinato-conica,

late et profunde umbilicata, carnea, rufo variegata ; anfracti-

bus convewis, ad suturas marginatis, liris transversis, asperu-

latis, rubro articulatis ornatis; anfractu ultimo rotundato, ad

peripheriam vix carinato, basi convexo, radiatim striato et con-

centrice lirato; apertura orbiculari, columella arcuata, in me-

dio excavata.

Hab. New Zealand (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

6. ZizipHinus EvGiyptvus, A. Adams. Z. testa conoidea, solida,

tmperforata, carnea, rubro pallide variegata, apice atro-pur-

purea; anfractibus convexiusculis, cingulis transversis, monili-

Sormibus, majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus ornatis; an-

Sractu ultimo rotundato, basi convexiusculo, cingulis granulosis,

concentricis insculpta, regione umbilicali alba; apertura sub-

quadrangulari ; columella solida, convexa, rectiuscula, antice

subtruncata.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land. Mus. Cuming.

7. Monttea Menxet, A. Adams. WM. testa orbiculato-conoidea,

umbilicata, sordide alba; anfractibus convexiusculis, supremis

transversim liratis, interstitus longitudinaliter rugoso-reticu-

latis, infimis cingulis granulosis, confertis, granulis nonnullis

majoribus ornatis ; umbilici margine callo carneo, spirali, stri-

ato cincto ; columella in medio sinuata, callo refleco instructa,

antice bituberculata ; labro intus levi.

Hab. Masbate, Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

8. Montiea Puinipri, A. Adams. WM. testa orbiculato-conoi-

dea, umbilicata, sordide carnea, fusco radiatim picta ; anfractibus

convexiusculis, cingulis transversis, equalibus, crenulatis, inter-

stitiis longitudinaliter striatis ornatis ; margine umbilici callo

spirali, fusco, radiatim striato cincto; columella in medio

sinuata, ecallosa, antice obsolete bituberculata.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

The species most nearly resembling this is the Trochus Belcheri of

Philippi, which I imagine is the Trochus calyculus of Wood.

9. CLancuLus NopuLosus, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 2.)

C. testa turbinato-conoidea, imperforata, albida, rubro varie-

gata; anfractibus transversim sulcatis, et cingulis granosis

ornatis, superne serie tuberculorum coronatis ; sutura canali-

culata ; anfractu ultimo ambitu sulcato, ad peripheriam tuber-

culato, basi planiusculo, cingulis granosis ornato; columella

superne soluta, tortuosa, antice tuberculata; margine umbilici

crenulato ; labro intus transversim sulcato, margine dentato-

lirato.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land. Mus. Cuming.

This species has most of the characters of a Clanculus, but the

whorls are nodulous and not granular.

10. OmpHatiusca.atus, A. Adams. 0. testa orbiculato-conoi-

dea, apice obtusa, umbilicata, livido-carnea; anfractibus planius-

culis, cingulis granorum confertis, equalibus insculptis, inter-

stitiis striatis, ultimo ad peripheriam subangulato ; umbilico

aperto, intus callo spirali instructo, callo antice dilatato et

tuberculato ; apertura orbiculari ; columella arcuata, simplice ;

labro intus levi.

Hab. Mogador. Mus. Cuming.

The character of this shell is so peculiar, on account of the inter-

nal spiral callus of the umbilicus, and the absence of characters which

constitute allied forms, that I propose to consider it a subgenus of

Omphalius, under the name of Anadema.

11. Ompuativs sticricus, A. Adams. O, testa depresso-conica,

late et profunde umbilicata, rufescente, fusco maculata ; anfrac-

tibus planis, cingulis nigro alboque articulatis, anfractu ultimo

ad peripheriam angulato, basi convexa, concentrice sulcata ;

apertura orbiculari ; umbilico aperto, perspectivo.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

This is a very pretty little species, of a trochoid form, but some-

what difficult to refer to any known group; the form is like Chloro-

stoma, the markings like those of Gibéula, and the umbilicus as in

Omphalius.

12. GipBuLA PULCHERRIMA, A. Adams. G. testa umbilicata,

turbinato-conoidea, alba, flammis coccineis radiatim picta ; an-

JSractibus convexis, cingulis granulosis, transversis ornatis, ad

suturas plicato-nodosis, sutura canaliculata; anfractu ultimo

rotundato, ad peripheriam canaliculato, basi convexa, maculis

quadratis, in serie spirali dispositis ornata, et cingulis grano-

sulis insculpta; apertura suborbiculari; columella in medio

excavata, in dentem terminata; labro intus lirato, margine

crenulato ; umbilico aperto, perspectivo.

Hab. China Seas.

In many respects this beautiful species of Gibbula resembles Om-

phalius rubro-flammulatus, Koch.

13. Marearitra pitecta, A.Adams. WM. testa orbiculato-conica,

late umbilicata, nitente, albida, fammulis rufis radiatim picta;

anfractibus convewis, cingulis elevatis, acutis, supremis crenu-

latis, interstitiis concinne longitudinaliter striatis ornatis ;

basi convexa, albida, sublevi, radiatim striata ; umbilico per-

spectivo, margine crenulato.

Hab. Straits of Magellan. Mus. Cuming.

14. Marearira aspecta, A. Adams. WM. festa turbinato-conica,

late umbilicata, grisea, aureo-nitente, fusco maculata; anfrac-

tibus rotundis, ad suturas excavatis, cingulis elevatis, crenu-

latis, subdistantibus, transversis, interstitiis longitudinaliter

striatis ornatis ; basi convexa, cingulis concentricis insculpta ;

umbilico magno, aperto, cingula elevata cincto, intus liris con-

centricis et lineis radiantibus decussato.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

15. MarGarira BIANGULOSA, A. Adams. WM. testa orbiculato-

conica, late umbilicata, levi, brunnea, lineolis undulatis, longi-

tudinalibus eoncinne picta; anfractibus planulatis, superne

angulatis, ultimo biangulato ; suturis marginatis ; basi convexa,

.cingulis concentricis insculpta; umbilico perspectivo, margine

erenulato, intus lineis transversis et radiantibus eleganter

decussato.

Hab. Siam. Mus. Cuming.

P.S. Since my former communication on the Trochide, I have

had an opportunity of seeing the monograph of Trochus by Dr. Phi-

lippi, and am enabled to add a few corrections and additional syno-

nyms.

ZIZIPHINUS JAVANICUS, Lamarck.

Trochus Javanicus, Lamk. Hist. Nat. no. 50; Phil. Trochus, pl. 18.

f. 5.—Ziziphinus zonamestus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228,

1853.

CHLOROSTOMA NIGERRIMUM, Gmelin.

Trochus nigerrimus, Gmel.—Trochus niger, Chemn.—Chlorostoma

corrugatum, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228, 1853 (var.).

GrsBuLa Preissrana, Philippi.

Trochus Preissianus, Phil. Zeit. fir Malac. 1848, p.123; Mon. T7ro-

chus, pl. 28. f. 3.—Gibbula porcellana, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc.

no, 228. p. 186, 1853.

GisspuLa LEHMANNI, Menke.

Turbo Lehmanni, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl. p. 18. no. 48.—Trochus

Lehmanni, Phil. Mon. Trochus, pl. 28. f. 15.—Gibbula pulchra,

A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228. p. 187, 1853.

MoniLeEA CorRvGATA, Koch.

Trochus corrugatus, Koch; Phil. Abbild. p. 67. Troch. t. 2. f. 7;

Phil. Mon. Trochus, pl. 25. f. 9—Monilea lentiginosa, A. Adams,

Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228. p. 188.

MoniLEA CRENULATA, Menke.

Monodonta crenulata, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl. p. 14. no. 52.—

Trochus Solandri, Phil. Mon. Trochus, pl. 28. f. 8.—Monilea plum-

bea, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228. p. 188.

DILOMA NIGERRIMA, Gmelin.

Turbo nigerrimus, Gmel. Chemn. v. pl. 185. f. 1848.—Littorina

nigerrima, Menke.—Turbo Quoy?t, Kien.—Turbo Araucanus, D’ Orb.

5. DescripTION oF A New GENUS AND OF SEVERAL New SpE-

CIES OF GAsTEROPODOUS Mouuusca, FROM THE CUMINGIAN

CotLection. By ArtHur Apams, F.L.S. etc.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXVII.)

Larina, A. Adams. (Noy. gen.)

Operculum annular, horny, ovate; elements concentric; nucleus

intramarginal near the middle of the inner edge.

Shell imperforate, semiglobose, thin; spire obtuse; whorls few,

tumid, covered with an olivaceous epidermis, the last large and ven-

tricose ; aperture wide, ovate ; outer lip simple, regular, acute.

This genus seems most to resemble Amphibola, but the operculum

in that genus is subspiral, and not annular. From the circumstance

of “Moreton Bay” being given as the locality, it would appear to be

marine, thus affording us another example of a marine air-breathing

Gasteropod.

1, Lartna Srrancer, A. Adams. (PI, XXVII. fig. 3.) L. testa

suborbiculari, imperforata, vix rimata, tenut, ampullacea ;

spira obtusa; anfractibus 3}, convewxis, transversim sulcatis,

epidermide olivacea, sepius in lineis transversis elevata obtectis,

anfractu ultimo ventricoso; apertura ovata, ampla; labro

acuto, simplice.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

In young specimens the epidermis is disposed in transverse spiral

ridges, and the surface of the shell is conspicuously striated longitu-

dinally ; in adult specimens the epidermis becomes abraded, and the

surface exhibits some elevated transverse ridges.

2. Typuis GRANDIs, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 4.) T. testa

ovato-oblonga, sublevigata, quadrifariam varicosa, varicibus

angulosis, crenulatis, postice truncatis, alba, rufo-variegata ;

anfractibus superne excavatis, in interstitis tubulosis ; apertura

ovata, canali clauso ; labro eapanso, margine reflexo, crenulato.

Hab. California. Mus. Cuming.

A very large, white, solid species, with the whorls tinged with red-

brown, and excavated near the sutures.

3. Camiti1a Grayi, A. Adams. C. testa orbiculari, convexo-conot-

dea, levissima, carnea, maculis subquadratis rufescentibus ad

suturas ornata ; peripheria albida, maculis transversalibus,

rufo-fuscis, in seriebus duabus dispositis ; infima facie albida.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

4, DetpainutA Martinu, A. Adams. (PI. XXVII. fig. 8.)

D. testa subdiscoidea, late umbilicata, crassa, rubro-purpurea,

transversim aspero-suleata, costis transversis, spinis squami-

formibus, curvatis, laciniatis armatis, instructa ; spira retusa ;

anfractibus superne angulatis, tuberculato-asperis, anfractu

ultimo soluto, disjuncto; apertura orbiculari, peristomate di-

latato, margine laciniato.

Hab. Padang (Capt. Martin). Mus. Cuming.

This is a large and handsome species, combining the form of

D. tyrria with the laciniated ribs and sculpture of D. atrata of

Chemnitz.

5. DesmMouLEa riNGENS, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 6.)

D. testa ovato-acuta, ventricosa, rufo-fuscescente, longitudi-

naliter plicata, transversim sulcata, cancellata, scabriuscula,

suturis canaliculatis; anfractibus superne angulatis, ultimo

sulco profundo ad basin instructo; apertura coarctata, ringente ;

columella quadriplicata, plicis duabus anterioribus elatioribus ;

labro inflexo, intus valde corrugato-plicato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This singular shell has the characters of a Desmoulea, with the

cancellated whorls and aspect of a Nassa; the ringent, plicate aper-

ture is very conspicuous.

6. Guaprus (RosTELLARIA) MELANOCHEILUS, A. Adams. (PI.

XXVII. fig. 9.) G. testa fusiformi-turrita, pallide castanea ;

anfractibus convexiusculis, levibus, supremis longitudinaliter

costatis, ultimo gibboso, antice transversim sulcato ; labio antice

incrassato, refleco; labro margine dentato, fusco-nigrescente ;

rostro prelongo, recto.

Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming.

The characters of this species are constant both in young and adult

specimens, and are such as clearly separate it from G. fusus, with

which it has hitherto been confounded.

Feoruary 14, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Description or a New Genus anv Species or SEAL

(HELIOPHOCA ATLANTICA), FROM MADETRA.

By J. E. Gray, Px.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

Some months ago Mr. MacAndrew most kindly procured for me the

skin of a Seal from the island of Madeira. A careful examination

of it convinced me that it was a new species, most allied to Phoca

barbata of the North Sea, but yet quite distinct from it. Mr. Mac-

Andrew, after considerable trouble, at length obtained for me another

skin of an older animal, with its skull, which proves that it is not

only a new species, but presents such a combination of characters

as entitle it to be considered the type of a new genus. It is the

only species of Seal which I believe has yet been found so near the

tropics on the African coast.

Both the specimens in the Museum came from the same cave in

the Deserta Grande Island ; the larger skin is full-grown, the other

younger. Knight, in his ‘Once on a Time,’ speaks of the seals as

common near Funchal; he observes, “A multitude of seals rush out

from that hollow with a sudden cry, and plunge into the waves; that

point shall be Camara das Lobos, the cave of seals.”’ (i. p. 60.)

Mr. MacAndrew observes, that there is an island near the Canaries

called Isle Lobos, on account of the number of seals formerly found

there. It is very difficult of access, and Mr. MacAndrew could not

hear of any existing there now, or of any remains of them.

The following are the characters of the genus :—

HELIOPHOCA.

Muzzle rather elongate, broad, hairy, with a slight groove between

the nostrils ; whiskers small, quite smooth, flat, tapering. Fore-feet

short ; fingers gradually shorter to the inner one; claws 5, flat,

truncate. Hind-feet hairy between the toes ; elaws very small ; hair

short, adpressed, with very little or no under fur. Skull depressed ;

nose rather depressed, rather elongate, longer than the length of the

zygomatic arch ; palate angularly notched behind. Cutting teeth 4

large, notched within, the middle upper much smaller, placed be-

hind the intermediate ones. Canines, large, conical, sharp-edged.

Grinders >=, large, crowded, placed obliquely with regard to the

central palatine line; crown large, conical, with several small conic

rhombic tubercles. Lower jaw angulated in front below with diverg-

ing branches, the lower edge of the branches rounded, simple.

The feet, palate, and teeth resemble those of the genus Callo-

cephalus (C. communis), but the grinders are larger and less deeply

lobed; and it has the smooth whiskers of the restricted genus Phoca

(P. barbata). It differs from the latter genus in the depressed form

of the skull, the large tubercular grinders, and the angular termination

to the palate.

As the other subtropical Seal, Phoca tropicalis (Gray, Cat. Seals

B.M. 28), from Jamaica, described from an imperfect skin without a

skull, has similar small smooth whiskers, it may very probably, when

its skull has been examined, be found to belong to this genus, which

will then prove to be a subtropical form of the family.

Heliophoca Atlantica*.

Fur short, adpressed, olive-gray, very obscurely grisled at the tips

of the hairs: Chin and under parts of the body rather paler.

Length 5 feet 5 inches.

Hab. Madeira. R. MacAndrew, F.R.S., &e.

While on the subject of Seals, I may draw the attention of natu-

ralists on the coast of the Pacific to the account of the Sea Horses,

said to be found in abundance on the seaward part of the island of

St. Lorenza near Callao, mentioned in M. Bonelli’s Travels in Bo-

livia, i. 90 & 128.

I have never heard of the genus 7'richeus living out of the Arctic

Ocean, and should have believed that the author had mistaken the Sea

Bear (Otaria Leonina) for the Sea Horse, if he did not describe “the

two great white tusks projecting from the mouth on either side,”’ and

further observe, that “the tusks are of great value and form an im-

portant article of commerce”’ (see i. 90), which cannot apply to the

tusks of the Sea Bear.

It is to be observed that the Peruvian continuation of the Antarctic

current runs up the shores of Chili and Peru (see Journ. Roy. Geog.

Soc. 1853) and chills that coast. This may explain why seals are

found so near the tropics in those seas. I fear that M. Bonelli is

not to be relied on for his natural-history observations, for he states

that the cedar, mahogany and banyan trees (i.79), and the date-palm

(i. 146) grow on the coast of Peru.

* T have just received a well-preserved skin and the skeleton of this Seal from

Algeria, under the name of Phoca leporina. It certainly cannot be the Phoca

leporina of Lepechin, in Act. Acad. Petrop. 1777, 264. t. 8,9 = the Phoca Le-

pechinii, Lesson, from the White Sea and the rivers flowing into it, which M.

Nilsson considers to be the same as P. barbata; but I think this is doubtful, as

Lepechin described the fur as dirty-white, sometimes with a yellow tinge without

any spots, and the hair as erect, with abundance of under wool. The African

Seal has very short, broad, closely adpressed hair, while Lepechin expressly states

that the hair of P. leporina is not adpressed, but erect, and that his species is

at once known from Phoca barbata by the large size of the grinders, which are very

close together, and the last one very peculiarly placed across the line of the other

teeth (Oct. 1854).

2. Norrs on THE Hasits or InpIAN Birps. Part II.

By LiruTenant BurGEss.

Family Strigipz.

Genus Urrva, Hodgs.

Urrua BENGALENSIS.

I have found this large Owl common on the banks of the large

rivers, as also amongst the low jungly hills and patches of brush-

wood in the Central Deccan. It appears to prefer the small bushy

ravines covered with high grass, which lead down from the high

banks into the beds of the larger streams and rivers. When seated

on the top of a bush in the dim twilight, it forms quite a formidable

object, the gloom making it appear larger than it really is. It

does not appear to be strictly nocturnal, as I met with one sitting

on the sandy shore of the river Bheema some time after the sun had

risen. I never found the eggs of this bird; but I have been in-

formed, on good authority, that they make their nest at the foot of

bushes in the tall grass, and lay four white eggs. I kept three nest-

lings of this species for some time. When brought to me out of the

nest, they were covered with down of a chestnut colour, spotted and

streaked with dark brown. This Owl breeds during the months of

March and April.

Genus Noctua.

Nocrva Inpica, Frank.

This is a very common Owl in Western India, so much so that

every grove, and almost every large tree, appears to have some of this

clamorous family inhabiting its holes and crevices. It is a most

noisy bird, screeching and screaming ere the shades of evening draw

on, and becoming quite a nuisance to any one pitched under the tree

frequented by them. It appears to be very little incommoded by a

strong light, moving out of its hiding-place before the sun is down,

flitting backwards and forwards amongst the branches and from tree

to tree. In the month of June I saw a pair of these little Owls sitting

on the bare branch of a tree, with the brilliant morning sun shining

full on them ; in fact, they appeared to be sunning themselves. On

another occasion I shot a pair, sitting on a ledge of rock, in the full

blaze of the setting sun. If disturbed during the day, they fly about

with the greatest activity, uttering their squabbling note, and look

down on the intruder from above with eyes that appear in no way

incommoded by the light. In the stomachs of the last pair above

mentioned, I found the wing-cases and legs of beetles. This little

owl breeds during the months of February and March, laying three or

four eggs of a pure white colour, nearly 1,3, in. long and 1,); in.

broad. They lay their eggs in holes of trees.

Order II. INsEssorEs.

Tribe DENTIROSTRES.

Family Laniapa.

Subfamily Lantana.

Genus Lantus. '

Lantus HarpwickIl.

This handsome little Shrike migrates, I believe, from the Deccan

for the purpose of breeding, probably resorting to the thickets and

ravines of the Western Ghauts, and returning to the Deccan about

September. I could not find its nest when on the hills in the month

of October; but I shot a young bird, which may probably be the

young of this species. I give a description of its plumage. Beak

rich deep brown; chin and throat dirty brownish-white; under

plumage and under tail-coverts white ; flanks dull grey ; white streak

passing from the beak over the eye and ear-coverts ; ear-coverts and

patch behind the eye dull black; top of the head and nape of the

neck brownish-grey, the feathers having very pale whitish ferruginous

tips ; feathers on the lower part of the neck and back are on their

basal half grey, and the remaining portion greyish-brown with light

tips. On the lower part of the back the feathers are very filmy and

thick-set, of a grey colour, with a dark band near their ends, and

tipped with white. Primaries hair-brown ; bastard wing brown ;

greater coverts lighter brown with pale tips ; secondaries hair-brown ;

tertials paler brown, with light edges. Tail consists of twelve feathers ;

the twe outer are white, with pale brown near the ends on the outer

webs. The next feather has also a dark spot near the tip on the

inner web; the third feather is nearly black, with a white spot on

the inner web about half an inch from the end ; the remaining feathers

are of a black-brown, being nearly black on the inner webs; lesser

coverts pale brown with light tips; feathers on the thighs of a pale

grey-brown with white tips; legs and feet lead-colour ; claws pale

brown; the legs and claws have a white powdered look in several

places, especially near the junction of the scales. This may perhaps

have been the young bird of the large rufous-backed Shrike, Lanius

erythronotus.

Lanius Excusiror. LarcGe Grey SHRIKE.

This is very common in the Deccan. It is generally seen seated on

the top of small babool trees, or other thorny bushes, in open country,

and may be distinguished at some distance by its silvery-white breast.

When disturbed, it flies low to some neighbouring bush, on the top

of which it alights, uttering its harsh and grating cry. The Grey

Shrike begins to breed as early as January, as a boy brought me a

pair of nearly fledged young ones on the 2nd of February. They

almost, if not invariably build in a thorn bush, and generally well

into the centre. I subjoin a note penned at the time of finding one

of their nests :—‘ 15th May. Saw a pair of Grey Shrikes building

in a place I never saw this species building in before, viz. on the

outside branches of the babool tree. The nest was composed of a

thorny twig or two of babool and thick bents of grass.’’ Another nest

was made in a thorny bush, about 5 feet from the ground, and close

to the stem of the bush; it was composed of twigs of the thorn bush,

pieces of cotton and a piece of rag, with grass interwoven into it.

This nest contained three eggs. It is now in the Museum of the

Zoological Society. The eggs are a little less than an inch in length,

by a little less than 8, in. wide, of a white ground, spotted and mot-

tled, especially at the large end, with grey and red-brown.

I believe that this Butcher Bird, like the last-mentioned, migrates

from the Deccan during the monsoon, returning about September.

It would form a very interesting subject for investigation, as to what

families of birds leave the Deccan during the monsoon, whither they

betake themselves, and for what purposes. I have frequently made

inquiries, but could not learn anything satisfactory on this subject.

Subfamily Dicrurinz.

Genus Dicrurvus.

DicRURUS MACRORERCUS. DronGco SHRIKE.

This bird is not much indebted to variety or richness of colouring

in its plumage, for bringing it into notice; but its pleasant cheerful

note and active habits must have been remarked by all observers of

nature in India. Ere the peep of day it commences its pleasant

twitter, and from sunrise to sunset it may be seen, now sitting on a

bare spray watching for some passing insect, now perched on the

back of a browsing cow or sheep, and then off in an instant in pursuit

of a fly. I have seen one chase and capture a large white butterfly,

which it appeared to have some difficulty in swallowing when caught,

as it did not attempt to pull it to pieces, but was endeavouring to

bolt it entire. They appear to have great antipathy to crows, chasing

them with great vigour and boldness whenever one enters within their

domain. I subjoin a note, made at the time, of the curious flight of

these birds when hawking after flies. ‘Saw one of them (Drongo)

perched on the outside branch of a tree hanging over a field of wheat ;

suddenly the Shrike descended close to the ears of corn on which the

flies had settled in the heat of the sun, and commenced a most

curious jerking flight up and down, as if it had been tossed up and

down on the waves of the sea. After performing this dancing flight

for some little time, it returned to its seat, and after remaining there

a short time, descended and repeated its jerking flight.” The

Marahta name is Kolsa, the word for charcoal, alluding I suppose to

its jet-black colour. The Drongo begins to build in the month of

May, and Dr. Jerdon mentions having found its nest as late as August.

I found its nest in a bush in a thick hedgerow; it was composed of

roots, and contained three eggs of a rather reddish creamy-white

ground, spotted with red spots; the egg is ;9; in. long by rather more

than ;4, broad. The food of the Drongo consists of insects, moths,

and butterflies.

Genus Po@nicornis, Swaius.

PHENICORNIS PEREGRINUS, Vig.

I have not met with the nest and eggs of the small red bird, but I

believe the description given below is that of a young bird soon after

it had left the nest. “18th September 1849. Whole of the upper

plumage olive-green, mottled about the head with pale yellow, a large

spot of which is behind the eye; tips of the lesser wing-coverts pale.

Primaries and secondaries dark, with pale edges; breast and belly

pale whitish-yellow, with yellow streaks; legs and feet pale lead-

colour ; claws soft, as also the edges of the beak.”

Genus Iora.

IORA TIPHIA.

I have never met with the nest or eggs of this handsome little bird ;

but Dr. Jerdon, in his Catalogue of Indian Birds, says, “I once, on

the west coast, in the month of September, met with a nest of this

species in the fork of a low tree; it was more neatly and carefully

made than any other of the few nests I have seen in this country. It

contained young ones.” The Iora has a most wonderful power of

voice. At one moment it is heard uttering a low plaintive cry, at

the next a shrill whistle; no one could have believed the notes to

have issued from the same throat. On the 29th of August, 1849,

I shot a female. The eggs in the ovaries were very large. The

gizzard contained the remains of a curious green insect, partly covered

with black hair. The tongue of this bird is furnished with two long

muscles, as in the woodpecker.

Genus HamatTornis.

H2MATORNIS CAFER. Common BULBUL.

This sprightly and truly Indian bird breeds during the months of

August and September. The first time that I noticed them building

in August was on the 11th, and I found a nest with one fresh-laid egg

on the 25th of September. They build in thick bushes in gardens.

I found two nests in my garden at Ahmednuggur, one built in a

guava tree, and the other in a mass of creepers. The nest is com-

posed of fine twigs, bound together here and there with cobwebs, and

lined with fibres. The nest I send is lined with the fibre of the

cocoa-nut picked off a cocoa-fibre mat. I observed the old birds

picking at the mat when it was put out of doors. I do not know

the number of eggs which their nest generally contains. The egg is

<x in. in length by a little more than 56 wide, of a rich madder

colour, spotted and blotched with grey and madder-brown. The only

egg which I possessed is unfortunately broken ; but a drawing in my

possession, most accurately painted by my sister-in-law, Miss Gardiner,

gives it very correctly.

3. Descriptions or Forty-two New Species or He tix,

FROM THE CoLuectTion or H. Cumine, Esa.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. Hetix urnuua. UH. testa obtecte perforata, helicophantoidea,

tenui, submembranacea, irregulariter oblique sulcata et malleata,

parum nitida, pellucida, virenti-fusca ; spira minuta, conoidea,

apice obtusa, pallida ; sutura profundiuscula ; anfract. 3, convexis,

rapidissime accrescentibus, ultimo magno, deorsum subcompresso,

basi subexcavato ; apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali, intus nitidis-

sima ; perist. simplice, obtuso, subinflexo, marginibus approximatis,

columellari superne reflexo, adnato.

Diam. maj. 16, min. 13, alt. 9 mill.

flab. New Zealand.

2. He~ix NEMATOPHORA. UH. testa imperforata, depressa, tenui,

costis filiformibus, subconfertis sculpta, diaphana, non nitente,

corneo-lutea, maculis castaneis presertim superne tessellato-varie-

gata ; spira plana ; sutura impressa ; anfract. 55, convexiusculis,

lente accrescentibus, ultimo altiore quam lato, antice non descen-

dente, basi planiusculo ; apertura subverticali, lunari, intus nitida ;

perist. simplice, recto, marginibus remotis, supero brevissimo,

dextro subverticali, basalt leviter arcuato, versus regionem umbi-

licalem dilatato, adnato.

Diam. maj. 93, min. 8, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

3. Hexrx Quitrensis. H. testa subobtecte perforata, conoidea,

tenui, levigata, pellucida, lutescenti-hyalina ; spira conoidea, acu-

tiuscula ; sutura profunda; anfract. 5, convexis, lente accrescen-

tibus, ultimo non descendente, basi conveaxiusculo ; apertura ob-

liqua, lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus distantibus, colu-

mellari declivi, sursum subdilatato, perforationem fere claudente.

Diam. maj. 7, min. 62, alt. 4 mill.

Hab. Quito.

4. Hexrx saccata. UH. testa sinistrorsa, perforata, turbinato-

depressa, tenuissima, oblique striatula et lineis spiralibus confertis

minute decussata, vix nitidula, pellucida, rubello-cornea ; spira

subturbinata, acutiuscula ; sutura impressa, anguste marginata ;

anfract. 43, vir convexiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo non

descendente, compresse carinato, supra carinam oblique rugoso, basi

convexo, antice saccato; apertura diagonali, contracta, subangu-

lato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus subconvergen-

tibus, basali perarcuato, juxta perforationem non perviam breviter

reflexo.

Diam. maj. 28, min. 23, alt. 16 mill.

Hab. India.

5. Hexrx capiranea. H. testa aperte perforata, turbinato-len-

ticulari, tenui, levigata, sulcis spiralibus nonnullis obsoletissimis

signata, nitidissima, pallide rubello-cornea, linea rufa immediate

No. CCLXIII.—Procreepines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

supra carinam, alteraque suturali ornata ; spira conoidea, acutius~

cula; sutura vir impressa; anfract. 5, planiusculis, celeriter ac-

crescentibus, ultimo non descendente, medio subacute carinato, basi

convexo ; apertura subobliqua, tetragono-lunari ; perist. simplice,

recto, marginibus subparallelis, columellari substricte descendente,

superne breviter reflexo.

Diam. maj. 23, min. 20, alt. 11 mill.

Hab. San Cristoval, Salomon’s Islands (Capt. Keppell).

6. Hetix Novetua. H. testa perforata, turbinato-depressa, te-

nuiuscula, leviter rugato-striata, diaphana, oleoso-micante, fusco-

flavida ; spira breviter turbinata, apice obtusula; sutura levi,

submarginata ; anfract. 5, viv convewiusculis, celeriter accrescen-

tibus, ultimo superne convexiore, carina peripherica acuta, antice

obtusa munito, non descendente, basi convexo ; apertura obliqua,

subtetragono-rotundata, intus margaritacea ; perist. recto, obtu-

sulo, margine basali ad dextram valde arcuato, tum subarcuatim

ascendente, ad perforationem brevissime reflexo.

Diam. maj. 214, min. 18, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

7. Hewrx verrucuna. UH. testa perforata, turbinata, tenui, su-

perne grosse et regulariter granulata, sericea, pellucida, fusco-

cornea ; spira conoidea, obtusula ; anfract. 44, vie conveviusculis,

lente accrescentibus, ultimo medio acute compresso-carinato, antice

non descendente, basi convexo, sublevigato, nitido ; apertura vir

obliqua, securiformi ; perist. recto, acuto, margine columellari

subverticali, superne brevissime reflexo, perforationem fere

tegente.

Diam. maj. 73, min. 63, alt. 45 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

8. Henix recuuaris. H. testa subobtecte perforata, regulariter

coniformi, tenui, minutissime striata, pellucida, oleoso-micante,

luteo-cornea ; spira conica, acutiuscula ; sutura vie impressa ;

anfract. 6, subplanis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente,

acute carinato, basi planiusculo ; apertura diagonali, depresse

securiformi ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus remotis, colu-

mellari superne dilatato, subadnato.

Diam. 3, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. New Zealand.

9. Hexix Keprenyi. H. testa subobtecte perforata, depressa,

tenui, levigata (sub lente minute striolata), nitida, pellucida, fulvo-

cornea ; spira brevissime conoidea, obtusula; sutura simplice, im-

pressa; anfract. 55, vir conveviusculis, sensim accrescentibus,

ullimo non descendente, peripheria rotundato, basi subexcavato ;

apertura parum obliqua, late lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, mar-

ginibus vix convergentibus, columellari arcuatim descendente, su-

perne calloso, breviter reflexo, adnato.

Diam. maj. 16, min. 14, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. San Cristoval, Salomon’s Islands (Capt. Keppel!).

10. Hevrx mepiocris. HUH. testa vir subperforata, depressa, dis-

coidea, tenui, levigata, albido-hyalina; spira subplana; sutura

impressa, submarginata ; anfract. 4, vie convexiusculis, sensim

accrescentibus, ultimo antice subdilatato, non descendente, rotun-

dato, basi subexcavato ; apertura verticali, late lunari ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus subconniventibus, dextro fortiter, ba-

sali leviter arcuato.

Diam. maj. 5, min. 44, alt. 22 mill.

Hab. Santa Ana, New Granada.

11. Hexrx Swirri. H. testa angustissime umbilicata, convexo-

depressa, tenui, confertim capillaceo-striata, sericea, fusco-cornea ;

spira parum elevata, vertice subtili ; sutura impressa ; anfract. 4,

vix convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente,

rotundato, peripheria obsolete angulato, circa perforationem suber-

cavato; apertura parum obliqua, late lunari ; perist. simplice, recto,

marginibus distantibus, columellari declivi, superne dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 123, min. 11, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. St. Thomas (Bland), and Porto Rico, West Indies.

12. Hevix susconoipea. H. testa angustissime perforata, de-

pressa, tenut, fragili, superne distincte costulata, pellucida, cornea ;

spira brevissime conoidea, vertice obtuso ; anfract. 5, convexius-

culis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, supra medium

subangulato, basi modice convexo, distanter radiato-striolato ;

apertura parum obliqua, lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus

vie convergentibus, columellari leviter arcuato, ad perforationem

vin reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 103, min. 94, alt. 54 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

13. Hextrx Newcomer. dH. testa angustissime perforata, de-

pressa, tenui, confertissime rugoso-striata, vix sericea, pellucida,

cornea ; spira brevissime conoidea, acutiuscula; sutura impressa,

subcrenata ; anfract. 33, convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus,

ultimo non descendente, peripheria obsolete angulato, basi convexo ;

apertura diagonali, lunato-subcirculari, intus margaritacea ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus approximatis, columellari perarcuato,

superne vir reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 11, min. 9, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb).

14. Hexrx Puarri. UH. testa perforata, depressa, tenui, membra-

naceo-costulata et longe pilosa, diaphana, cornea ; spira brevissime

conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfract. 51, viz convewiusculis, sensim

accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, superne subplano, obsolete

angulato, basi convexo ; apertura vix obliqua, late lunari; perist.

simplice, recto; marginibus distantibus, basali levissime arcuato,

columellari superne perdilatato, fornicatim reflexo.

Diam. maj. 10, min. 9, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Natal, South Africa (Mr. Platt).

15. Hexrx 1sABELLINA. H. testa perforata, depressa, tenui, mi-

nutissime granulato-rugulosa, sericea, pellucida, pallide isabellina ;

spira brevissima, convexa, vertice subprominulo ; sutura lineari ;

anfract.5, subplanis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo acute carinato,

antice non descendente, basi inflato; apertura obliqua, lunato-

securiformi ; perist. recto, acuto, margine basali regulariter

arcuato, columellari superne in laminam brevem, triangularem

reflexo.

Diam. maj. 33, min. 27, alt. 14 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

16. Hexrx Moreronensis. UH. testa perforata, conoideo-lenti-

culari, tenui, superne subarcuato-plicata, haud nitida, rufa; spira

conoidea, subacuminata ; sutura simplice, impressa ; anfract. 5},

convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peri-

pheria subacute carinato, busi convexo, sublevigato, albido ; aper-

tura obliqua, subangulato-lunari, intus margaritacea ; perist. recto,

acuto, marginibus subparallelis, columellari superne in laminam

brevem, latam, triangularem reflexo.

Diam. maj. 19, min. 17, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia (Mr. Strange).

17. HeLrx GLABERRIMA. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, solidula,

glaberrima, nitidissima, pallide corneo-lutescente; spira parum

elevata, vertice subtili, subprominulo ; sutura obsolete marginata ;

anfract. 53, modice convewxis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non

descendente, subdepresso, basi albido, planiusculo ; apertura fere

diagonali, oblique lunata, dextrorsum producta, intus margari-

tacea ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus convergentibus, colu-

mellari oblique ad umbilicum mediocrem, pervium ascendente, su-

perne vir dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 55 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

18. Hevix Santanaensis. H. testa umbilicata, conoideo-depressa,

tenui, striatula, nitida, pellucida, lutescenti-hyalina ; spira bre-

vissime conoidea, vertice subtili; sutura profunda; anfract. 5,

convevis, angustis, ultimo vix latiore, non descendente, terete ; um-

bilico conico, 4 diametri fere equante ; apertura parvula, parum

obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vir

convergentibus, regulariter arcuatis.

Diam. maj. 43, min. 4, alt. 23 mill.

Hab. Santa Ana, New Granada.

19. Hetrx Kawatensis. H. testa umbilicata, convexo-depressa,

tenuiuscula, sublevigata, cerea; spira convexa, obtusula ; sutura

impressa ; anfract. 43, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, terete ; umbilico latiusculo, + diametri superante,

conico ; apertura parvula, obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist. sim-

plice, recto, marginibus convergentibus, columellari superne vix

reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 34, min. 3, alt. 14 mill.

Hab, Kawai, Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb).

20. Hexrx susancuuata. H. testa umbilicata, convexo-depressa,

solidula, striatula, vix nitidula, cerea, fascia angusta, castanea

prope suturam, duabusque latioribus infra peripheriam ornata ;

spira brevi, convexa, obtusa ; anfract. 41, conveviusculis, sensim

accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria subangulato,

basi subplano ; apertura obliqua, rotundato-subtetragona ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus subparallelis, columellari juxta umbi-

licum mediocrem, conicum dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 17, min. 14, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

21. Hexix Honpana. H. testa umbilicata, convexo-depressa,

striatula, pallide lutescente ; spira conveaiuscula, vertice subtili,

prominulo ; anfract. 6, parum convevis, lente accrescentibus, ul-

timo non descendente, depresso-rotundato ; umbilico latissimo, 4

diametri superante ; apertura parvula, obliqua, rotundato-lunari ;

perist. simplice, recto, marginibus conniventibus, basali regulariter

arcuato.

Diam. maj. 73, min. 7, alt. 32 mill.

Hab. Honda, New Granada.

22. Hei1x srroncy.opes. H. testa umbilicata, convero-depressa,

solidula, oblique costulata, albida, maculis rufis superne varie-

gata; spira parum elevata, obtusa ; anfract. 6, sensim accrescen-

tibus, primis planiusculis, sequentibus convexis, ad suturam lu-

midis, ultimo non descendente, terete ; umbilico perspectivo, 4 dia-

metri equante; apertura diagonali, lunato-rotundata ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus subconvergentibus, columellari superne

fornicatim patente.

Diam. maj. 19, min. 163, alt. 83 mill.

Hab. Texas.

23. Hentix sutuacea. UH. testa umbilicata, convero-depressa,

tenui, superne confertissime capillaceo-striata, sericea, pellucida,

pallide cornea; spira vix conveca, vertice subtili ; sutura simplice,

impressa ; anfract. 4, convewiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ul-

timo antice non descendente, peripheria rotundato, levigato, basi

convexo, radiato-striato, corneo-virente ; umbilico mediocri, conico ;

apertura magna, obliqua, lunato-rotundata, intus margaritacea ;

perist. simplice, recto, marginibus conniventibus, columellari su-

perne triangulatim patente.

Diam. maj. 174, min. 14, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia (Mr. Strange).

24. Hevix tampra. dH. testa umbilicata, convero-depressa,

tenui, subarcuatim confertissime striata, nitidissima, saturate

virenti-castanea ; spira parvula, convexa, vertice obtuso ; anfract.

via 4, convewxiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo non descen-

dente, rotundato, basi leviore, virenti-flavo; apertura obliqua,

lunato-circulari, intus cerulescente ; perist. simplice, recto, mar-

ginibus convergentibus, supero antrorsum dilatato, columellari

leviter arcuato, juxta umbilicum angustum, vix pervium breviter

Sornicato-patente.

Diam. maj. 20, min. 16, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

25. Hevrx excisa. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenuiuscula,

confertim arcuato-costellata, diaphana, pallide lutescente; spira

viv convexa ; suturaimpressa ; anfract. 4, viv convevxiusculis, lente

accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, subdepresso, basi angus-

tiore ; umbilico latissimo, 2 diametri subequante ; apertura mi-

nuta, obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist. simplice, recto, margi-

nibus convergentibus, dextro superne recedente, subexciso.

Diam. maj. 43, min. 4, alt. 2 mill.

Hab. Santa Ana, New Granada.

26. Hexix evsprra. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, discoidea, soli-

dula, arcuato-striala, lineis impressis spiralibus irregulariter de-

cussatula, sub epidermide nitida, virenti-fulva alba ; spira plana ;

sutura parum impressa ; anfract. 43, subplanulatis, sensim accres-

centibus, ultimo non descendente, depresso ; umbilico perspectivo,

4 diametri fere equante ; apertura obliqua, rotundato-lunari, intus

margaritacea ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus convergentibus,

dextro antrorsum dilatato, columellari brevissime patente.

Diam. maj. 26, min. 223, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Brazils.

27. Hext1x Tuomasi. JH. testa umbilicata, depressa, subdiscoidea,

tenui, striatula, parum nitente, lutescenti-hyalina ; spira subplana ;

sutura impressa ; anfract. 5, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus,

ultimo non descendente, subdepresso ; umbilico + diametri. supe-

rante, perspectivo ; apertura vix obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus conniventibus, dextro antrorsum subdi-

latato, columellari superne vix patente.

Diam. maj. 74, min. 61, alt. 3} mill.

Hab. Marmato, New Granada.

28. Hexix sompycina. JH. testa umbilicata, depressa, discoidea,

tenui, costulis confertis, subarcuatis, subtus minoribus sculpta,

sericea, fulva, fasciis permultis castaneis ornata ; spira subplana ;

sutura impressa; anfract. 4, vir convexiusculis, celeriter accres-

centibus, ultimo depresso, antice non descendente, basi parum con-

vexo ; umbilico*perspectivo, + diametri subequante ; apertura dia-

gonali, lunato-circulari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus ap-

proximatis, dextro antrorsum perdilatato, basali perarcuato, ad

umbilicum vie dilatato.

Diam. maj. 143, min. 114, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

29. Hetix ammonoceras. 4H. testa umbilicata, depressissima,

tenui, arcuato-striata, nitida, pellucida, pallide cornea ; spira mi-

nuta, subimmersa ; sutura profunda ; anfract. fere 4, planiuscults,

rapide accr eahcntabus, ultimo non descendente, depressissimo, peri-

pheria obsolete angulato, basi angustiore ; umbilico lato, 5 diametri

subequante ; apertura obliqua, subtriangulari-lunart ; perist. sim-

plice, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus, supero substricto, an-

trorsum dilatato, basali arcuato.

Diam. maj. 43, min. 34, alt. vix 13 mill.

Hab. Santa Ana, New Granada.

30. Hetrx memBranicosta. UH. testa mediocriter umbilicata,

trochiformi, tenui, costulis radiantibus membranaceis, presertim

facie inferiore munita, parum nitida, fusco-cornea ; spira conica,

acutiuscula ; anfract. 7, convewiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ul-

timo non descendente, peripheria carinato, subtus conveviore ;

apertura obliqua, subtetragono-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto,

marginibus remotis, columellari superne dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 11, min. 10, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

31. Hexix Navicatorum. H. testa mediocriter umbilicata, len-

tiformi, solidula, oblique striata, sub epidermide nitida, purpu-

rascenti-fusca rubello-grisea ; spira convexa, obtusa ; sutura mar-

ginata ; anfract. 5, convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, supra medium compresse carinato, basi con-

veviore; apertura diagonali, lunato-rotundata, subangulata ; perist.

recto, obtuso, marginibus subconvergentibus, supero antrorsum

subdilatato, basali arcuato, prope umbilicum viz dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 183, min. 16, alt. 75 mill.

Hab. Navigators’ Islands.

32. Hextrx semiconvexa. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenui-

uscula, minute striata, castanea, sericea; spira vix elevata, medio

pallida, vertice subtili, obtuso ; sutura impressa, distincte mar-

ginata ; anfract. 43, conveviusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, peripheria compresse carinato, basi influto, um-

bilico mediocri, conico ; apertura obliqua, securiformi, intus ceru-

lescente ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus,

basali perarcuato, ad umbilicum subdilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 14, min. 113, alt. 6} mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

33. Hexrx Prrrieana. H. testa perforata, globoso-conica, tenui,

levigata (sub lente vix striatula), pellucida, cornea; spira con-

vexo-conica, acutiuscula; sutura impressa, marginata ; anfract.

7-8, convexiusculis, angustissimis, ultimo carinato, non descen-

dente, basi convexo, intus ter bidenticulato; denticulis subequali-

bus, extus pellucentibus; apertura vix obliqua, depressa, angulato-

lunari, denticulorum pari antico coarctata; perist. simplice, recto,

margine columellari ad perforationem apertam dilatato, reflexo.

Diam. maj. 5, min. 43, alt. 4 mill.

Pirie Walaghat, Koondah Mountains, near Calicut, India (Mr.

irrie).

34. Herrx rapiaria. H. testa subobtecte perforata, trochiformi,

tenuiuscula, striatula, parum nitente, diaphana, luteo-albida, su-

perne strigis spadiceis irregulariter signata ; spira conoidea, obtu-

sula; anfract. 53, convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, peripheria obsoletissime angulato, basi unicolore,

subplano ; apertura fere diagonali, lunari, intus nitida; perist.

subsimplice, marginibus distantibus, dextro recto, antrorsum dila-

tato, basali incrassato, declivi, superne subdilatato.

Diam. maj. 10, min. 9, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

35. Hexrx scyropes. H. testa umbilicata, conoidea, tenuiuscula,

sub lente granulato-rugosa, vix nitidula, rubello-cornea ; spira re-

gulariter conoidea, obtusula ; sutura rufo-marginata ; anfract. 63,

conveaiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria acute rufo-

carinato, antice vie descendente, basi convexo, circa umbilicum

mediocrem obsolete compresso; apertura diagonali, lunato-rotun-

data; perist. tenui, marginibus conniventibus, supero leviter ar-

cuato, recto, basali breviter reflezo, columellari subverticali, sub-

dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 14, min. 13, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

36. HELIx LUTEO-coRNEA. UH. testa subanguste umbilicata, conoi-

deo-lentiformi, solida, capillaceo-striata, sericea, luteo-cornea; spira

convexa, vie conoidea, obtusa ; sutura simplice, impressa ; anfract.

5, convexis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, medio

angulato (angulo antrorsum obsoletiore), basi subconvezo ; aper-

tura fere diagonali, lunato-rotundata, intus albida, nitida ; perist.

simplice, marginibus subconvergentibus, supero leviter arcuato,

recto, basali incrassato, prope umbilicum subdilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 18, min. 16, alt. 83 mill.

Hab. Navigators’ Islands.

37. Heitrx xzrvueinosa. UH. testa imperforata, globoso-depressa,

tenuiuscula, striatula, nitidula, virenti-albida ; spira convexa, ver-

tice subtili, obtuso ; anfract. 4, convexiusculis, sensim accrescen-

tibus, ultimo non descendente, inflato, peripheria obsolete angulato,

ad suturam erugineo-fasciato ; columella declivi, vir arcuata, sub-

excavata, alba; apertura obliqua, late lunari; perist. vix refleai-

usculo, marginibus subconniventibus, dextro sinuoso, basali arcu-

atim in columellam abeunte.

Diam. maj. 31, min. 26, alt. 18 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

38. Heuix annormis. H. testa imperforata, trochiformi, solida,

minute granulata, haud nitente, rufa, sursum alba ; spira conoidea,

obtusa ; anfract. 54, convexis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice

vix descendente, peripheria subrotundato, basi plano ; apertura

fere horizontali, rotundato-lunari ; perist. subincrassato, margi-

nibus parallelis, callo tenui junctis, supero breviter expanso, basali

ad dextram dentem conicum gerente, versus regionem umbilicalem

sensim dilatato, reflexo, adnato.

Diam. maj. 42, min. 35, alt. 23 mil.

Hah. Jamaica.

39. Hexrx sannio. H. testa sinistrorsa, angustissime umbilicata,

turbinato-depressa, solida, oblique costulato-striata, vix nitidula,

superne pallide flavicante ; spira conoidea, obtusula; anfract. 67,

viv conveviusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente,

antice rugato, peripheria carinato, subtus convexo, cinnamomeo ;

apertura diagonali, lunari, intus alba, nitida; perist. incrassato,

breviter reflexo, marginibus distantibus, basali substricto, superne

sinuato, in laminam triangularem reflexo.

Diam. maj. 38, min. 323, alt. 21 mill.

Hab. ?

40. Hexrx mansueta. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenuiuscula,

striatula et sub lente minutissime granulata, non nitente, nigro-

rufa vel cinnamomea ; spira brevissime conoidea, vertice subtili ;

sutura impressa; anfract. 5, convexiusculis, senstm accrescen-

tibus, ultimo antice vix descendente, peripheria obsolete angulato,

circa umbilicum apertum, mediocrem saturate fasciato ; apertura

obliqua, lunari; perist. roseo, breviter expanso, marginibus di-

stantibus, columellari superne dilatato, fornicato-patente.

Diam. maj. 153, min. 133, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia (Mr. Strange).

41. Hextix Marmatensis. UH. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenui-

uscula, vie striatula, albida, superne maculis castaneis fasciatim

dispositis ornata; spira plana, vertice subtili vix prominente ;

anfract. 43, convexis, ultimo rotundato, antice vix descendente,

circa umbilicum angustum obsolete compresso ; apertura obliqua,

rotundato-lunari ; perist. tenui, marginibus convergentibus, deatro

breviter expanso, columellari superne dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 103, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Marmato, New Granada.

42. Heuix scepasma. UH. testa umbilicata, conoidea, solida, ru-

guloso-striata, opaca, alba; spira regulariter conoidea, vertice

acutius¢ulo ; sutura subimpressa ; anfract. 7, vix convexiusculis,

lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice paululum descendente, peripheria

acute carinato, basi circa umbilicum mediocrem, profundum tur-

gido ; apertura diagonal, lunari ; perist. subincrassato, angulatim

reflexo, marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari breviter pa-

tente.

Diam. maj. 20, min. 18, alt.11 mill.

Hab. 2

4, Descriptions oF Four New Species oF BULIMUS FROM THE

Cot.ection or H. Cumine, Ese. By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. Butimus vireLuinus, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, globoso-co-

nica, solidula, oblique striata, nitidula, luteo-fulva ; spira conica,

apice obtusa ; anfract. 6, rotundatis, ultimo spiram equante, medio

obtuse angulato, circa umbilicum apertum, non pervium subcom-

presso; apertura diagonali, lunato-ovali, intus submargaritacea ;

perist. tenui, recto, margine columellari leviter arcuato, sursum

valde dilatato, fornicato-patente.

Long. 22, diam. 16 mill.

Hab. Natal.

2. Butimus picrus, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata, ovato-

conica, tenuiuscula, sublevigata, pallide lutea, fasciis spadiceis,

interruptis strigisque sparsis elegantissime subtessellata; spira

conica, acutiuscula; sutura levissime crenulata ; anfract. 7, con-

vexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis equante, basi rotundato, infra

medium et circa umbilicum fasciis non interruptis signato ; aper-

tura parum obliqua, elliptico-ovali; perist. simplice, recto, mar-

gine dextro regulariter arcuato, columellari leviter arcuato, sur-

sum dilatato, fornicate-patente.

Long. 23, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. Peru.

3. Buxtimus rapiosus, Pfr. B. testa semi-obtecte perforata, ob-

longo-conica, tenuiuscula, striatula, lineis impressis, spiralibus, sub-

confertis decussatula, albida, strigis epidermidis virenti-fulve ra-

diata ; spira conica, acuta; anfract. 53, superis planis, sequen-

tibus convexis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, infra medium obsolete

angulato ; apertura parum obliqua, oblonga ; perist. simplice, mar-

gine dextro recto, superne arcuato, columellari subtorto, superne

dilatato, fornicato-reflexo.

Long. 21, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. New Hebrides.

4. Butimus Gatapacanus, Pfr. B. testa compresse umbilicata,

ovato-turrita, tenui, striatula, sericea, pellucida, corneo-cerea ;

spira convexo-turrita, acutiuscula ; sutura submarginata ; anfract.

8, convewxis, ultimo + longitudinis subequante, juxta umbilicum

compresso ; apertura subverticali, oblongo-ovali ; perist. simplice,

margine dextro vix expansiusculo, superne arcuato, cum columel-

lari introrsum subtorto, patente angulum formante.

Long. 153, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Galapagos Islands.

5. MonoGrapus or AcT#ON AND SOLIDULA, TWO GENERA OF

Gasterorpopovus Mo.uuusca with DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVE-

RAL New SPECIES FROM THE CUMINGIAN COLLECTION.

By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., Surgeon R.N.

Genus Acrzon, Montfort.

Head in the form of a quadrate disk, bilobed in front, with broad

posterior tentacular lobes ; eyes sessile, on the middle of the head ;

mantle included ; branchial plume single.

Operculum horny, sub-spiral.

Shell thin, ovate, transversely striated; spire produced, acute ;

aperture narrow, elongated, anteriorly rounded and entire ; inner lip

thin; columella with a single oblique spiral fold.

Tornatella, Lamarck.—!? Myosota, Humph.—Spes, Risso.—Ka-

nilla, Silvertop.

1. Acr£on TORNATILIS, Linnzeus.

Voluta tornatilis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed.12. p. 1187.—Turbo ovalis,

DaCosta.— Bulimus tornatilis, Brug.—Tornatella fasciata, Lamk.—

Voluta bifasciata, Gmel.—Spes bifasciatus, Risso.—Tornatella pel-

lucida et Torn. pusilla, Macgilliv.

2. AcTHON FLAMMEUS, Gmelin.

Voluta flammea, Gmel. p. 3435. no. 2.— Bulimus variegatus, Brug.

—Tornatella flammea, Lamk.

3. ACTAZON vIRGATUS, Reeve.

Tornatella virgata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. May, 1842; Conch.

Syst. vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 8, 9.

4, Acrxon SIEBALDII, Reeve.

Tornatella Siebaldii, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. May, 1842.

5. AcTHON ORYZA, Reeve.

Tornatella oryza, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. May, 1842.

6. Acrzon SENEGALENSIS, Petit.

Tornatella Senegalensis, Petit, Journ. de Conch. Nov. 1851.

7. Acrzon venustus, D’Orbigny.

Tornatella venusta, D’ Orb. Voy. dans l Amér. Mérid., Moll. p.339.

pl. 56. f. 4-6.

8. Acrzon Brevauetu, Baudon.

Tornatella Bevaletii, Baudon, Journ. de Conch. 1853, p. 214.

io. f. 5.

9. AcT£ON PUNCTO-STRIATUS.

Tornatella puncto-striata.

10. Acrawon Cumineu, A. Adams. A. testa ovali, subcylindra-

cea, carnea, spira exserta, anfractibus convexis, transversim

sulcata, sulcis pulcherrime cancellatis, longitudinaliter striata ;

columella antice uniplicata ; apertura intus alba ; labro acuto,

postice subsinuato.

Hab. Rio Janeiro (Capt. Martin). Mus. Cuming.

This species somewhat reserables 4. tornatilis in appearance ; but

it is of a uniform flesh-colour, and the whorls are strongly sulcate,

i Brome being prettily crenate at their margins and finely can-

cellated.

11. Act#on Diane, A. Adams. 4. testa ovato-conica, umbilt-

cata, spira elata, anfractibus convexis, ultimo ventricoso, alba,

transversim valde lirata, interstitiis concinne clathratis ; aper-

tura ovali; columella uniplicata ; labio antice subreflexo ; la-

bro margine crenulato.

Hab. Japan (Dr. Siebold). Mus. Cuming.

This species is ovately conical, with the last whorl ventricose ; it is

of a pure white, with the whoris strongly lirate and the interstices

punctate; the plait on the columella is situated in the middle, and is

not very strongly produced.

12. Acrmon pupicus, A.Adams. A. testa ovali, subcylindra-

cea, subumbilicata, solida, sordide albida, subcarnea, spira

elatiuscula; antractibus convexis, transversim sulcatis, sulcis

equalibus, punctatis ; apertura oblonga ; columella valde uni-

plicata.

Hab. Cagayan, Mindanao. Mus. Cuming.

For an Acteon, this species is rather solid ; the shell, though worn,

exhibits a delicate pinkish tinge, and the whorls are strongly punc-

tate-striate.

13. Acrzon Marta, A. Adams. 4. testa ovato-cylindracea,

spira obtusa, longitudinaliter substriata, transversim lirata,

liris in medio sulco impresso, interstitiis concinne clathratis,

sordide alba, fasciis duabus transversis, cinereis ornata ; aper-

tura oblonga ; columella uniplicata.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

In this species the whorls are ornamented with two spiral, trans-

verse, ash-coloured bands, and the lire are double, each being divided

in the middle by a fine transverse groove.

14. Acrzon mopestus, A. Adams. A. testa elongato-conica,

subpellucida, tenui, alba, spira turrito-acuta, anfractibus con-

vexiusculis, transversim sulcata, sulcis equidistantibus, punc-

tatis, longitudinaliter striata; apertura ovali; columella ob-

liqua, uniplicata.

Hab. Corrigidor, 7 fathoms. Mus. Cuming.

This is an elongated semipellucid species, resembling more a Mono-

ptygma than an Acte@on, with the spire elevated, and the plait on the

columella near the hind part.

Genus Soxiputa, Fischer.

Animal as in Acte@on.

Operculum transverse, elongated, curved, with imbricate elements

and a linear scar.

Shell thick, solid, ovate, transversely sulcate ; spire elevated, acute ;

aperture longitudinal, narrow, entire and rounded in front ; inner lip

callous; columella with two plaits, the anterior grooved and con-

tinued into the outer lip.

? Buccinulus, Planc.— Dactylus, Schum., not Klein. —Pupa, Bolt.,

not Humph.

1. SonipuLA souipuLA, Linneeus.

Voluta solidula, Linn, Syst. Nat. ed.12. p. 1187; Chemn. Conch.

vol. x. pl. 149. f. 1405.—Bulimus solidulus, Brug.—Bulla solidula,

Linn.—Heliz nevia, Gmel.—Tornatella solidula, Lamk.

2. SOLIDULA CoccINATA, Reeve.

Tornatella coccinata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. May 1842; Conch.

Syst. ii. pl. 206. f. 10.

3. SoLIDULA GLABRA, Reeve.

Tornatella glabra, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. May 1842; Conch.

Syst. ii. pl. 206. f. 12.

4. SoLIDULA TESSELLATA, Reeve.

Tornatella tessellata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842 ; Conch. Syst.

ii. pl. 206. f. 3.

5. SOLIDULA NITIDULA, Lamarck.

Tornatella nitidula, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 42 ;

Kien. Mon. Tornat. pl. 1. f. 5; Reeve, Conch. Syst. ii. pl. 206. f. 5.

6. SotipuLA InscuLPTA, Reeve.

Tornatella insculpta, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842; Conch. Syst.

ii. pl. 206. f. 2.

7. Souipuua arrinis, A. Adams. S. testa cylindraceo-ovata,

spira acuminata, apice acuta, albo-lutescente, colore varia se-

pius picta, maculis subquadratis, irregularibus, nigrescentibus

tessellata, transversim sulcata, sulcis crenulatis, inequalibus,

subdistantibus ; columella biplicata, plica postica obsoleta, an-

tica biloba.

Hab. China Seas; New Ireland; Borneo; Philippines. Mus.

Cuming.

This species most nearly resembles S. solidula; the colour varies

from uniform reddish-brown to whitish, tessellated with ashy or black-

ish markings.

8. SonipuLa suturRALIs, A. Adams. S. testa cylindraceo-ovata,

spira elata ; anfractibus planiusculis, superne angulatis, suturis

canaliculatis, alba, maculis cinereis sepius tessellata, longitu-

dinaliter striata, transversim lirata, interstitiis cancellatis ;

columella uniplicata, plica biloba.

Hab. Island of Luzon, sandy mud. Mus. Cuming.

In this species the hind tubercle usually present in Solidula is

wanting ; the colour varies from pure white to greyish, with grey

tessellated markings; the chief peculiarity of the species consists,

however, in the canaliculated suture of the whorls.

9. Soxrpua pustLtus, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-conica, parva,

alba, solida, nitida, spira exserta, apice obtuso, transversim

valde sulcata, sulcis distantibus, cancellatis ; apertura elon-

gata, postice attenuata ; columella biplicata, plica postica tu-

berculiformi, antica biloba.

Hab. Catbalonga; Samaar, 8 fathoms; Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small white solid species, resembling in appearance the

Acteon oryza of Reeve ; but the columella is biplicate, and the front

plica is double.

6. Descriptions oF New SpPEcIEs oF SHELLS, FROM THE

CoLLection oF Huexu Cuming, Esa.

By G. P. Dresuayes.

1. Macrra APpHRODINA, Desh. WM. testa transversa, ovato-tri-

gona, tenui, depressiuscula, inequilaterali, albido-violacea, zonu-

lis transversis, suturatioribus irregulariter interrupta, trans-

versim regulariter eleganterque striata; latere antico paulu-

lum attenuato, superne recto, declivi, postico equaliter obtuso ;

umbonibus minimis, acutis, parum prominentibus, albidis; car-

dine angusto, utroque latere violaceo-maculato ; fossula mi-

nima, angusta, obliqua, dentibus lateralibus lamellosis ; valvis

intus vivide violaceis in medio pallidioribus ; timnpressione pallit

margine inferiore remoto, sinu angusto, brevi, horizontal.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

2. Macrra arrenvata, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, trans-

versa, tenui, turgida, inequilaterali, transversim irregulariter

striatissima, livide violacea, ad umbones atro-violacea, intus pal-

lidiore violacea ; latere antico breviore, obtuso, superne declivi,

latere postico declivi, attenuato; umbonibus brevibus, parum ob-

liquis, approximatis ; area elongato-ovata lunulaque tenue stri-

atis; cardine angusto, fossula profunda, dentibus lateralibus

lamellosis, prominentibus, antico multo breviore; sinu palli lato,

vix excavato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

3. Macrra contrariA. WM. testa ovato-trigona, equilaterali

subsymmetrica, compressiuscula, nitida, transversim obsolete

tenuissime striata, utroque latere equaliter convexiuscula, de-

clivi, latere inferiore valde arcuato, latere antico et postico

subangulatis ; lunula areaque sulcatis, sulcis lunule profundis,

inferne convergentibus, rugis brevibus in eutremitate antica

contrariis; umbonibus minimis, violaceo-tinctis; valvis tenuibus,

pallide stramineis, intus violascentibus; cardine angusto, fossula

minima, dentibus lateralibus lamellosis, equalibus ; sinu pallii

brevi, angusto.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

4. Macrra corsicutoipes, Desh. M. testa trigona, ventrico-

siuscula, subequilaterali, transversim tenue et obsolete striata,

griseo-cerulescente, zonulis angustis, violascentibus transversim

interrupta; umbonibus tumidis, levigatis, oppositis, atro-viola-

ceis ; latere antico et postico equaliter declivibus, antico bre-

viore, obtuso, postico attenuato, acuminato, margine inferiore in

medio valde convexo; lunula planulata, tenue et regulariter

striata; area angulo obtuso circumscripta, tenue striata; car-

dine angusto, fossula minima ; dentibus lateralibus crassius-

eulis, brevibus, equalibus, prominentibus; sinu pallit brevissimo,

via inflexo; valvis intus profunde violaceis.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming.

5. Macrra corsuLorpeEs, Desh. M. testa M. donaciformi simil-

lima sed multo minore, equilatera, turgidula, satis solida, alba,

laevigata; latere antico obtuso, postico acuminato, angulo de-

currente acutiusculo notato; area magna, subplana, levigata ;

lunula elongato-lanceolata, angulo obsoletissimo circumscripta;

cardine solido, fossula minima angusta, recta, dentibus latera-

libus brevibus, tenue perpendiculariter sulcatis; sinu pallii bre-

vissimo, lato, fere semicirculari.

Hab. 2 Coll. Cuming.

6. Macrra pecora, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, turgida,

inequilaterali, nitida, ex albo et violaceo eleganter radiata et

transversim zonata ; latere antico paulo breviore, obtuso, trans-

versim tenue et regulariter sulcato, sulcis in medio evanescen-

tibus; umbonibus tumidulis, atro-violaceis, parum distantibus ;

lunula bicolorata, albo et violaceo regulariter plicata; area

concaviuscula, tenue plicata.

Hah. ? Coll. Cuming.

7. Mactra pisstm1uis, Desh. M. testa transversa, ovato-tri-

gona, nequilaterali, turgidula, nitida, alho-grisea, ad margines

rufescente, aliquantisper zonulis transversis, cerulescentibus in-

terrupta, intus rubro-violacea; latere antico paulo breviore,

obtuso, superne recto, declivi, latere postico superne convexius-

culo, eatremitate obtuso; umbonibus brevibus, acutis, postice ob-

tuse angulatis ; lunula areaque distinctis, eleganter sulcatis ;

valvis regulariter transversim tenue sulcatis, suleis inferne con-

tinuis, superne ad umbones et latus posticum evanescentibus.

Hab. Australia (Jukes). Coll. Cuming.

8. Macrra wepatica, Desh. WM. testa transversa, oblique tri-

gona, inequilaterah, turgidissima, levigata, nitida, antice solum

modo brevi-striata, intus extusque colore hepatica infucata ;

umbonibus tumidis, apice acutis, nigro-violaceis, distantibus ;

latere antico breviore, obtuso, superne recto vel concaviusculo,

postico obtuse angulato ; lunula areaque depressis, ovatis, sub-

equalibus, tenuiter striatis; cardine angustissimo, fossula parva,

obliqua, dente V-formi duabus partibus valde inequalibus com-

posita, dentibus lateralibus brevibus, angustissimis, antico multo

minore; linea pallii margine inferiore proxima; sinu pallii

brevi, oblique semicirculari.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

9. Mactra 1nconGRuA, Desh. M. testa ovato-trigona, obliqua,

inequilaterali, turgida, cordiformi, subepidermide squalide fla-

vescente alba, levigata, transversim substriata, latere antico

breviore, declivi, rectilineari, obtuso, postico convexiusculo, sub-

angulato ; umbonibus tumidis, acutis, parum obliquis ; lunula

ovata, planulata, areaque posticali in medio carinulata, tenuiter

plicatis ; cardine angusto, fossula brevi, angusta, obliqua, den-

tibus lateralibus compressis, subequalibus, antico paulo breviore;

impressione pallii lata; sinu brevi, obliquo, lato.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

10. Macrra 1InzqQua tis, Desh. M. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

trigona, inequilaterali, compressiuscula, ad marginem inferio-

rem acutiuscula, polita, nitente, epidermide nitide flavescente

vestita ; latere antico longiore, parum attenuato, obtuso, postico

angulato ; lunula areaque posticali tenuiter plicatis ; umboni-

bus brevibus, acutis, oppositis; cardine angustissimo ; fossula

cardinali brevi, angusta, obliqua; dentibus lateralibus com-

pressis, brevibus, in altera valvula duplicatis ; valvis intus albo-

pallide flaveis ; sinu pallii angusto, profundo, horizontal.

Hab. China. Coll. Cuming.

11. Macrra intTuspicta, Desh. M. testa oblique trigona, te-

nui, turgida, inequilaterali, transversim obsolete inequaliter

striata, sub epidermide pallide flavescente fusco-grisea, ad um-

bones cerulescente aliquantisper obscure radiata, intus vivide

rubro-violacea, radiis pallidioribus, albicantibus picta; latere

antico declivi, superne rectilineari, obtuso, postico convexiusculo,

inferne obtuse angulato ; lunula plana areaque ovatis, subequa-

libus, tenue plicatis ; cardine angusto, dentibus lateralibus com-

pressis, valde prominentibus ; linea pallii margine inferiore

proxima, sinu brevi, oblique ascendente.

Hab. Manilla; China. Coll. Cuming.

12. Macrra Luzonica, Desh. WM. testa transversim trigona,

equilaterali, subsymmetrica, turgidula, equaliter utroque latere

declivi, nitida, pallide fusca vel albo rufescente, in latere postico

castanea, extremitatibus equaliter obtusis; umbonibus minimis,

acutis, apice violaceis ; lunula areaque equalibus, regulariter

plicatis, violaceo-maculatis ; valvis antice inferneque sulcatis,

sulcis irregulariter evanescentibus, intus rubro-violaceis ; car-

dine angusto, fossula angusta, obliqua ; dentibus lateralibus

lamellosis, equalibus, prominentibus ; sinu pallit angusto, pro-

Sundiusculo.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines.

13. Macrra Murcuisoni, Desh. M. testa ovato-transversa,

convexa, solida, subequilaterali, clausa, albo-grisea, subepider-

mide pallide straminea, decidua, inequaliter substriata, latere

antico paulo breviore, obtuso, superne declivi, postico subangu-

lato, extremitate parumper acuminato ; margine inferiore regu-

lariter convexo ; lunula magna, angulo obtusissimoe superne cir-

cumscripta, plicata, macula elongata, rufescente notata, plicis

latis, abrupte terminatis ; area magna, obsolete plicata, angulo

obtuso circumdata ; umbonibus acutis, brevibus, oppositis ; car-

dine angusto; dente cardinali tenui, brevissimo, sub angulo recto

aperto; fossula lata explanata ; dentibus lateralibus compres-

sis, longiusculis, equalibus ; sinu pallit brevi, lato, obtuso, sub-

trigono.

Hab. New Zealand.

14. Macrra opposita, Desh. M. testa parvula, transversa,

trigona, turgidula, subequilaterali, transversim obsolete sul-

cata, grisea, radiis numerosis rufis, pallidis, interruptis picta,

intus violaceo transversim zonulata; umbonibus acutis, brevi-

bus, oppositis, apice violaceis; latere antico posticoque equaliter

declivibus, angulo obtuso equaliter distinctis ; lunula areaque

planulatis, tenue striatis, macula violacea notatis ; cardine an-

gusto ; fossula cardinali minima, angusta, dentibus lateralibus

compressis, prominentibus, postico breviore; sinu pallu lato,

satis profundo, obtuso, superne parum dilatato.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

15. Macrra rapiouaTa, Desh. WM. testa trigona, obliqua, in-

e@quilaterali, turgida, cordiformi, sub epidermide flavescente,

tenui alba, intus extusque eleganter rufo-rubescente radiata ;

latere antico paulo breviore, late rotundato, postico rapide de-

elivi, attenuato; lunula .areaque plano-concaviusculis, regula-

riter striatis ; umbonibus tumidis, prominentibus, parum obh-

quis ; cardine crassiusculo, fossula profunda, dentibus laterali-

-bus laminatis, prominentibus, triangularibus ; sinu pallii brevi,

oblique semicirculari.

Hab. Zebu, Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

16. Macrra SCALPELLUM, Desh. WM. testa transversa, angusta,

late trigona, equilaterali, subsymmetrica, superne equaliter de-

clivi, anterius tantisper obtusiore, utroque latere attenuata, in-

ferne regulariter convexa, albo-cornea, nitidissima, area lunula-

que tenue plicatis ; cardine in medio dilatato, fossula basi pro-

minente, trigona, lata; dente cardinali parvo, obliquo, denti-

bus lateralibus lamellosis, antico paulo longiore; sinu pallit

elongato.

Hab. New Zealand.

17. Macrra sericra, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, tumida,

tenui, subequilaterali, postice paulo hiante, epidermide sericea,

tenue striata vestita, levigata substriatave, latere antico paulo

brevior'e, compressiusculo, rotundato, postico paulo magis atte-

nuato, margine inferiore regulariter arcuato ; umbonibus

acutis, brevibus, apice violaceis; area planulata, viv convexa,

suleata, lunula equaliter sulcata, in medio carinata; cardine

No. CCLXIV.—Procrenpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

angusto; fossula angusta, obliqua, dentibus lateralibus elon-

gatis, antico basi longe et profunde foveolato; sinu pallu lato,

parum profundo, oblique ascendente.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

18. Macrra TRANSVERSA, Desh. M. testa ovato-oblonga, trans-

versa, angusta, subequilaterali, solida, compressa, alba, trans-

versim regulariter striato-suleata, antice declivi, acuminata,

postice angulo acuto inferne terminata, oblique truncata, angulo

decurrente notata; umbonibus parvis, acutis, oppositis; car-

dine angusto, fossula basi lata, obliqua, dentibus lateralibus

brevibus, angustissimis, parum prominentibus ; sinu palli lato,

profundo, obtuso.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

19. Macrra suBLANCEOLATA, Desh. WM. testa trigona, depres-

siuscula, subcuneiformi, inequilaterali, candida, epidermide

tenui, flavicante, tenuissime striata vestita, in medio posticeque

levigata, antice tenue striata; latere antico obtuso, rotundato,

superne declivi, postice attenuato, acuminato, postico angulo

obtuso, obliquo distincto; area lata, subplana, lunulaque sul-

catis, sulcis parum numerosis ; cardine angusto, fossula minima,

basi non prominente ; dentibus lateralibus brevibus, compressis,

sulcatis ; sinu pallii minimo, angusto, oblique ascendente.

Hab. 2

20. Mactrra pDOLABRATA, Desh. WM. testa transversa, trigona,

inequilaterali, tumidula, tenui, fragili, alba, levigata, obso-

lete tenuissime et irregulariter striata ; latere antico longiore,

supero concavo, antice obtuso, postico brevi, declivi, truncato,

angulato, extremitate acuminato; umbonibus acutis, obliquis,

approximatis, apice involutis; area elongata, in medio excavata;

dentibus lateralibus lamellosis, brevibus, triangularibus, acutis ;

sinu pallit angusto, brevi, oblique ascendente.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

21. Macrra expianata, Desh. WM. testa ovato-subtrigona,

compressa, lata, tenui, lactea, subequilaterali, transversim

tenue et obsolete striata; latere antico lato, obtuso, paulo bre-

viore, postico valde declivi, attenuato, compresso, hiante ; umboni-

bus minimis, obliquis ; lunula elongato-lanceolata, in medio cari-

nata, elevata, area angusta, concava, angulis duobus inequalibus

circumscripta, angulo proximo obtuso, altera lineari; cardine

lato, peculiari, fossula magna, profunda, sub lunula, loco ductus

lateralis ; dente laterali postico lamelloso in valva sinistra, in

valva dextra inter duas lamellas oblique conniventes recepto ;

dente cardinali parvo, fossula ligamenti pyriformi, sinu pallii

lato, profundiusculo, obtusissimo.

Hab. Australia, Swan River. Coll. Cuming.

22. Macrra vireo, Desh. M. testa ovato-trigona, subequilate-

rali, crassa, solida, depressiuscula, irregulariter et transversim

striatissima, incrementi sulcis profundioribus, irregularibus, in-

terrupta, intus extusque candidissima, nitente, utroque latere

equaliter declivi, antice obtusa, postice acuminata, obtuse an-

gulata, umbonibus minimis, acutis, oppositis; lunula areaque

levigatis ; cardine crasso, lato, fossula mediana, dente cardi-

nali angusta, obliqua, dentibus lateralibus validis, equalibus ;

sinu pallit brevi, lato, obtuso, obliquo.

Hab. Australia, Swan River. Coll. Cuming.

23. Macrra CARINULATA, Desh. WM. testa trigono-transversa,

tumida, cordiformi, equilaterali, sub epidermide squalide fus-

cescente alba, obsolete irregulariter striata, equaliter superne

declivi et convexiuscula; latere antico obtusiusculo, postico

attenuato, angulo paulo prominente, obtuso distincto ; lunula

indistincta areaque levigatis; umbonibus angulatis, prominenti-

bus, acutis, obliquis, valde distantibus ; cardine solidiusculo, fos-

sula trigona, obliqua, profunda ; dentibus lateralibus solidius-

culis, simplicibus, elongatis, subequalibus ; sinu pallii angusto,

profundo, oblique ascendente.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

24. Mactra aneusta, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, an-

gusta, subtrigona, subequilaterali, compressa, alba, tenui, fra-

gili, transversim argute et regulariter striata; latere antico

paulo breviore, obtuso, superne concaviusculo, latere postico

superne declivi, attenuato; area angusta, elongata, planulata,

liris duabus parum divergentibus circumscripta ; umbonibus

minimis, parum obliquis, regulariter undato-plicatis ; lunula

minima, lanceolata; cardine in medio lato, fossula lata,

trigona, explanata; dentibus lateralibus brevibus, inequali-

bus, postico breviore; sinu pallit oblongo, horizontali, apice

obtuso.

Hab. Panama. Coll. Cuming.

25. Macrra spitineata, C. B. Adams, MSS. WM. testa ovato-

transversa, angusta, depressa, inequilaterali, translucida, alba,

sub epidermide pallide flavicante, tenuissime striata in latere pos-

tico fuscescente, latere antico declivi, obtusiusculo, attenuato,

postico declivi, latiore, oblique truncato, in truncatura hiante,

lineis binis, obliquis, albis, divergentibus distincto ; area an-

gusta, plana; lunula indistincta ; umbonibus minimis, vie pro-

minentibus, oppositis; cardine lato, fossula magna, lata, basi

prominente, dentibus lateralibus brevibus, subequalibus ; sinu

pallii magna, lato, profundo, semi-elliptico.

Hab. Jamaica.

26. Macrra suuuata, Desh. WM. testa ovato-subrotundata, in-

fata, inequilaterali, tenuissima, fragili, membranacea, sub epi-

dermide pallide flavescente albo-hyalina, antice oblique gibbosa,

postice attenuata, late truncata, hiante, latere antico paulo

longiore, late rotundato, transversim satis regulariter plicata et

striata, plicis postice evanescentibus ; umbonibus angustis, mini-

mis, acutis, oppositis; cardine brevi, in medio latiore, fossula basi

producta, profunda, dente cardinali minimo, subcalloso, dentibus

lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii profundo, angusto, a margine re-

moto.

Hab.

27. Macrra Cauirornica, Desh. M. testa transversa, ovato-

elliptica, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, epidermide straminea,

nitente vestita, griseo-fuscescente, transversim substriata, an-

tice inter valvulas fissa, postice hiante ; latere antico breviore,

obtuso, latiore, postico sensim attenuato, rotundato; cardine

angusto; dente cardinali valve sinistre compresso; fossula

magna, obliqua, parum profunda, basi prominente ; dente late-

vali postico angustissimo, elongato, obliquissimo, laterali antice

brevi, parum obliquo, cardine approximato ; sinu pallii lato pro-

Sundoque, horizontal, subspathulato.

Hab. Gulf of California. Coll. Cuming.

28. Macrra Ecrena, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, com-

pressa, inequilaterali, candidissima, incrementi irregulariter

striata; latere antico brevi, angustato, obtuse attenuato, su-

perne declivi ; latere postico latiore, obtuso ; area angustissima,

profunda, angulo obtuso, irregulariter plicato circumscripta ;

lunula lanceolata, impressa, ad peripheriam tenue plicata ; um-

bonibus parvis, vix obliquis ; cardine in medio lato, fossula

magna, subequilaterali, basi prominente, dente cardinali com-

presso, dentibus lateralibus brevibus, subequalibus, angustis,

prominentibus, sinu pallii profundo, lato, digitiformi, dimidiam

partem valvarum attingente.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

? Coll. Cuming.

29. Macrra HIANTINA, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, tri-

gona, depressiusula, inequilaterali, epidermide squalide fusces-

cente vestita, alba, transversim irregulariter denseque striata ;

latere antico brevi, valde declivi, attenuato, paululum obtuso,

subclauso, postico superne declivi, latiore, truncato, late hiante,

linea elevata, oblique decurrente separato ; area elongata, in

medio canaliculata, angulo angusto distincta ; lunula elongata,

angusta, depressa; cardine in medio lato, prominente, fossula

magna; dentibus lateralibus brevibus, lamellosis; sinu pallit

maximo, linguiformi.

Hab. Puna, Guayaquil.

30. Macrra petxiicuta, Desh. M. testa ovato-transversa,

tenuissima, alba, hyalina, subequilaterali, antice oblique gibbo-

sula, latere antico paulo longiore, late rotundato, latere postico

attenuato, cuneiformi, subtruncato, hiante, plicis stritsque irre-

gularibus notata; umbonibus minimis, acutis, parum obliquis

et prominentibus, lunula areaque nullis ; cardine angustissimo,

dente cardinali minimo, in valva dextra fere nullo, fossula mi-

nima, basi parum prominente, dentibus lateralibus vix perspr-

cuis ; sinu pallii profundo, horizontali, obtuso.

Hab. Japan. Coll. Cuming.

31. Macrra puicatiuis, Desh. M. testa transversa, oblonga,

ovata, angusta, inequilaterali, compressiuscula, tenui, fragili,

hyalina, transversim plicata, plicis prominentibus, elevatis, regu-

laribus, antice parum obliquis ; latere antico paulo breviore,

rotundato, postico hiante, paululum angustiore, oblique cari-

nato; area angustissima, plana, levigata, angulo obtuso circum-

data, lunula inconspicua; cardine angusto; dente cardinalt

satis magno, lateralibus lamellosis, brevibus, prominentibus, tri-

angularibus, acutis ; sinu pallii profundo, lato, subtrigono, apice

obtuso.

Hab. ——? Coll. Cuming.

32. Macrra rostrRAuis, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa tur-

gida, tenui, hyalino-vitrea, inequilaterali, transversim plicata,

plicis regularibus, antice prominentioribus, transversim tenuis-

sime striatis ; latere antico paulo longiore, late obtuso, postico

declivi, hiante, attenuato, subrostrato; cardine angustissimo,

dente cardinali compresso, fossula minima, dentibus lateralibus

brevissimis, angustis, cardine approximatis ; lunula impressa,

plana, ovata.

Hab. Japan. Coll. Cuming.

33. Macrra siticuna, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, com-

pressiuscula, subequilaterali, postice hiante, candidissima, epi-

dermide pallide flavicante, sericea vestita; latere antico obtuso,

superne concaviusculo, postico superne convexiusculo, extremi-

tate parumper attenuato ; area posticali angusta, in medio

concaviuscula, epidermide fuscescente, irregulariter plicata in-

duta, linea elevata circumscripta ; lunula inconspicua; valvis

extus argutissime transversim striatis ; umbonibus parvis, pa-

rum obliquis, politis ; cardine in medio lato, fossula magna,

dentibus lateralibus parvis, brevibus, lamellosis, acutis.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

34. Macrra cCApILuAceA, Desh. M. testa transversa, ovato-

cuneiformi, valde inequilaterali, tenui, candida, sub epidermide

tenui, decidua, straminea, lineis capillaceis, longitudinalibus,

parum prominentibus, numerosis, approximatis, irregularibus,

inter se confluentibus, sepe interruptis reticulatim intricatis ;

latere antico brevissimo, obtusissimo, semicirculari, postico sen-

sim attenuato, hiante, superne declivi, rectilineo; cardine angus-

tissimo, dente cardinali magno, fossula angusta, postice obli-

quata; dentibus lateralibus parvulis, postico longiore; sinu

pallii profundissimo, lato, marginibus fere parallelis.

Hab. Philippines; mouth of the Indus. Coll. Cuming.

35. Macrra tristis, Desh. M. testa ovata, transversa, com-

pressa, tenui, inequilaterali, utroque latere hiante, epidermide

squalide fuscescente ad margines induta, transversim irregula-

riter et dense striata, squalide grisea, ferrugineo in medio infu-

cata, intus albo, squalide rufescente ; latere antico brevi, rotun-

dato, postico duplo longiore, equaliter obtuso ; area lunulaque

nullis; umbonibus depressis, minimis, approximatis, vix obli-

quis; fossula cardinali lata, trigona, basi producta; dentibus

lateralibus minimis, brevibus, antico brevissimo, cardine adnato;

sinu pallii magno, obtuso, basi dilatato.

Hab. Australia, Moreton Bay.

36. Macrra Gonrata, Gray, MSS. B.M. WM. testa transversa,

trigona, equilaterali, tumida, cordiformi, epidermide tenui, fla-

vida, antice posticeque squamosa vestita, alba, irregulariter

transversim tenue striata; latere antico superne plano, in me-

dio obtuso, postico angulato, abrupte truncato ; area ingentis-

sima, plunulata, angulo postico circumscripta, levigata; umbo-

nibus tumidis, acutis, vie obliquis, valde distantibus ; cardine

solido, fossula profunda, basi prominente ; dentibus lateralibus

brevibus, compressis, triangularibus, valde elatis; sinu pallii

angusto, profundo, digitiformi.

Hab. California.

37. Macrra ANGULIFERA, Desh. M. testa ovato-trigona, trans-

versa, compressa, utroque latere hiante, subequilaterali, can-

dida, nitida, transversim obsolete et irregulariter striata, latere

antico breviore, obtuso, superne concaviusculo, postico declivi,

brevi, truncato, angulo acuto, angusto, oblique decurrente no-

tato; umbonibus brevibus, depressis, obliquis, tenue et regulari-

ter plicatis; lunula ovata, levigata, concaviuseula, area an-

gusta, concava; cardine in medio lato ; fossula explanata, ovato-

trigona, dentibus lateralibus elongatis, tenuibus, acutis, dente

cardinali brevi, angusto, sinu pallii lato, profundo.

Hab. Ticao, Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

38. Lurraria 1mMPAR, Desh. L. testa elongato-transversa, an-

gusta, inequilaterali, convexiuscula, tenui, alba, antice profunde

et regulariter transversim plicata, plicis in medio evanidis, latere

postico irregulariter striato, undulato; latere antico breviore,

paulo latiore, postico paululum attenuato; extremitatibus equa-

liter obtusis ; margine inferiore recto, superiore fere parallelo,

margine dorsali postico canaliculato; dente cardinali promi-

nente, dente laterali postico brevi, lamelliformi, cardine adnato ;

sinu pallii profundissimo, usque ad latus anticum attingente,

margine superiore oblique declivi, inferiore horizontali.

Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia. Coll. Cuming.

39. Lurrarra arcuata, Desh. L. testa elongato-transversa,

valde inequilaterali, arcuata, solida, convexiuscula, antice posti-

ceque valde hiante, epidermide flavescente, tenui, lucido, poste-

rius saturatiore vestita, omnino alba, transversim tenue et satis

regulariter striata; latere antico brevi, paululum attenuato ;

fossula cardinali oblonga, postice obliquata; dente cardinali

angusto; sinu pallii magno, lato, extremitate late obtuso, mar-

ginibus subparallelis, superiore parumper declivi.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

40. LurrariIA AUSTRALIS, Desh. JL. testa transversim ovata,

breviuscula, lata, inequilaterali, arcuata, postice late hiante,

omnino alba, sub epidermide fuscescente, nitida, postice fusca,

transversim irregulariter striata, postice obtuse undulata ; la-

tere antico paululum attenuato, hiante, postico rotundato ;

dente cardinali compresso, brevi, fossula magna, parum obliqua

basi valde prominente; sinu pallii magno, ad marginem infe-

riorem obliquato, apice lato et oblique subtruncato; margine

superiore antice posticeque canaliculato.

Hab. New Holland. Coll. Cuming.

41. LuTRARIA PHILIPPINARUM, Desh. JL, testa magna, elon-

gato-transversa, valde inequilaterali, crassa, solida, convexa,

postice hiantissima, sub epidermide fuscescente alba, transversim,

precipue antice, striato-rugosa; latere postico angulo obtusis-

simo, obliquo separato, latere antico brevi, attenuato ; margine

dorsali superiore concaviusculo, inferiore convexiusculo ; dente

cardinali parvo, fossula magna, excavata, postice obliquata; sinu

pallu profundo, basi paulo latiore, apice lato, subtruncato.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

42. LurrariA curTA, Desh. L. testa ovato-transversa, brevi,

satis lata, convewiuscula, inequilaterali, alba, rudi, postice irre-

gulariter striato-subplicata, utroque latere et precipue postice

hiante ; latere antico brevi, regulariter obtuso, postico angus-

tiore, subtruncato ; margine superiore postico concaviusculo, in-

feriore convexo; dente cardinali parvo, angusto, fossula parum

obliqua, dilatata; sinu pallii lato, profundo, parum inferne

obliquato, marginibus parallelis, eatremitate late obtuso, semi-

' etrculart.

ab. ? Coll. Cuming.

43. Lurraria Siesotpu, Desh. L, testa regulariter ovato-

transversa, longe elliptica, compressa, tenui, inequilaterali,

utroque latere hiante, precipue postice, epidermide decidua

squalide fusca ad margines vestita, alba, transversim irregu-

lariter striata et obsolete undulata ; margine anteriore brevi,

rotundato, postico obtuso; dente cardinali parvo, compresso,

Sossula postice obliquata, late trigona; sinu pallit inferne obli-

quato, lato, profundo, subtriangulari, basi dilatato, apice an-

gustiore, obtuso, margine superiore declivi.

Hab. Japan. Coll. Cuming.

44. LurrariA INTERMEDIA, Desh. L. testa ovato-transversa,

rugosiuscula, inequilaterali, crassa, solida, antice posticeque

valde hiante, convexiuscula, alba, sub epidermide fuscescente,

postice irregulariter plicata, transversim striato-rugosa, postice

obscure plicata vel undulata; latere antico multo breviore,

superne declivi, in medio attenuato, ventrali dilatato, postico

superne parumper coneavo, oblique truncato, hiantissimo ; um-

bonibus parvulis, vix prominentibus ; dente cardinali in valva

sinistra magno, aperto, in dextra compresso; fossula magna,

profunda, valde postice obliquata, bast prominente ; sinu pallit

maximo, fere tam profundo quam lato, obtuso, subtruncato.

Hab. Madagascar.

45. LurraRIA DISsIMILIS, Desh. L. testa ovato-transversa, con-

vewiuscula, valde inequilaterali, rugosula, epidermide squalide

fusca vestita, rudi, postice tenue irregulariter plicata ; latere

antico brevi, obtuso, hiante, paululum attenuato, superne declhivi;

latere postico obtuso, valde hiante ; margine superiore inferiori

parallelo; dente cardinali in valva sinistra angusta, com-

pressa; fossula obliqua, parum excavata; sinu pallit magno,

profundissimo, obtuso, parumper ad marginem inferiorem de-

elivt.

Hab. Australia. Coll. Cuming.

46. ZENATIA SOLENOIDES, Desh. Z. testa oblongo-transversa,

compressa, valde inequilaterali, rufo-albicante, sub epidermide

Suscescente, postice irregulariter plicato, transversim irregula-

riter striata; latere antico brevissimo, regulariter semicireu-

lari, latere postico oblique obtuso, late hiante ; margine supe-

riore concaviusculo, inferiore fere parallelo; cardine brevit,

dente cardinali V-formi, magno, fossula perobliqua, trigona, ex-

planata, oblique prominente; sinu pallu profundo, trigono, apice

obtuso, basi lato, oblique ad marginem inferiorem declivi.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

47. ZenatiA CumINGIANA, Desh. Z. testa oblongo-transversa,

tenut, subpellucida, valde inequilaterali, depressa, utroque latere

hiante, sub epidermide tenui, nitida, alba, transversim obsolete

striata; latere antico brevissimo, oblique rotundato, postico ob-

tuso, rotundato; margine superiore concavo, inferiore convexo,

parallelo ; cardine angusto, brevi, fossula cardinali parva,

perobliqua, plana; sinu pallii magno, trigono, inferne valde

declivi.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

February 28, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. DescriIPTION OF A NEW VoLUTE, FROM New CALEDONIA.

By Lovett REEVE.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXVI.)

Votuta Desuayestt. Vol. testa ovato-oblonga, basin versus

contracta et retrorsum contorta, pallide carneo-alba, fasciis

duabus latissimis, miniaceo-roseo marmoratis cingulata, epider-

mide tenui, fugacea induta ; spira breviuscula, maculis grandi-

bus, vivide miniaceo-roseis ornata, apice perampliter obtuse

papillata, flavescente; anfractibus superne leviter concavis,

ultimo sepissime angulato, ad angulum tuberculato, tuberculis

subdescendentibus ; columella quadriplicata, plicis fortissimis,

subquadratis, transversis ; apertura subcontracta, aurantio-

carneola.

Long. 3} poll., lat. 13 poll.

Hab. New Caledonia.

This delicately painted Volute, of which three specimens, in fine

condition, containing portions of the animal dried within them, have

just been received from New Caledonia, approaches nearest in colour-

ing and general aspect to V. aulica. It differs from that species in

being twisted and recurved at the base, and in having columellar

plaits of a different typical character, more like those of V. Hebixa

or musica. ‘The general contour of the shell is, however, more like

that of VY. vespertilio.. The colouring consists of two broad variously

mottled vermilion red bands, with the base of the same colour, whilst

the spire is painted with large very characteristic vermilion-rose spots

of a deeper tone. The apex is largely papillary, not flesh-tinted as

in V. aulica, but pale yellow. The columella and interior of the

aperture are of a warm orange carnelian hue.

Being honoured at this time with a visit from M. Deshayes, I have

the pleasure of distinguishing this beautiful Volute with his name.

2. DrEscRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES

or Brros rrom NorTHERN INDIA, CONTAINED IN THE

Museum or THE Hon. East Inp1A Company. By Frer-

pERIC Moors, Assist. Hon. Comp. Museum.

(Aves, Pl. LXITI.)

Fam. Mervutip4, Vigors.

Subfam. MyiorHerina, Swains.

Genus Pnokipyea, Hodgs.

Syn. Microura, Gould (nec Ehrenb.).

1. PNOEPYGA LONGICAUDATA, nobis.

Colour of the upper parts deep olive-brown, the feathers slightly

margined with black, and having blackish shafts; wings and tail in-

clined to ferruginous brown ; upper tail-coverts long ; throat whitish ;

breast and sides of abdomen pale dusky ferruginous, the feathers

having pale centres and blackish margins; centre of lower part of

breast and abdomen white; flanks the same as the back; vent and

under tail-coverts dark ferruginous ; bill dark horn colour, legs paler.

Length, 43 inches; of wing, 2; the tail is rounded, the central

feathers being 21 inches long, and the outer 13 inch ; bill to front,

through the feathers, inch; to gape, 56; tarse, ;8;.

Hab. N. India.

Genus Bracuyrteryx, Horsfield, p. s. d.

2. BRACHYPTERYX NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.

Male: colour above a greyish cyaneous, or light greyish blue, as

are also the cheeks, sides of breast and flanks, and paling to greyish

white on the centre of the breast ; throat, middle of belly, vent and

under tail-coverts, streak over but not extending beyond the eye,

white. Female: ferruginous brown above, paling on the sides ;

throat, breast, belly, under tail-coverts and streak over the eye,

whitish, the feathers on the breast and sides fringed with brown ;

bill dark horn colour, legs paler.

Length, 4} inches ; of wing, 2}; tail, 13; bill to gape, £; tarse, 1.

Hab. Nepal (No. 943, Hodgs. Catal.).

This species is allied to Br. cruralis, Blyth, but may readily be

distinguished by its smaller size, shorter tail, paler colour of the upper

parts, and by its white throat and belly.

Genus Catieng, Blyth, Journ. A.S. Beng. p.136 (1847).

Syn. Cinclidium, Blyth (nec Gould).

Gen. Char. “ Bill shorter than the head, straight, slender, higher

than broad, the ridge of the upper mandible tolerably acute, and its

tip very slightly emarginated ; inferior gonys ascending for the ter-

minal half, imparting to the bill the appearance of a tendency to bend

ae Fa By Fe VTT

Proe 4.0. AVES LX

J Wolf lith M&N Hanhart Imp!

NEMURA HODGSONI Moare

Male & Female

upward: naral apertures in the form of elongate-oval fissures in the

lateral nasal membrane, and partially impended by the short semi-

reflected frontal feathers ; gape armed with a few small sete; wings

and tail rounded, the 4th, 5th and 6th primaries equal and longest ;

legs and toes slender, the tarsi smooth, unscutellate, and very long,

as is also the middle toe; claws but moderately curved, and of little

more than mean length ; plumage light, soft and full, having a scale-

like appearance on the crown, breast and belly.”

3. CALLENE FRONTALE, Blyth.

Syn. Cinclidium frontale, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 181,

xii. p. 954. t. p. 1010. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 301.

Callene frontale, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p. 136; Catal. B.

Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 178.

Ruticilla frontalis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180.

Brachypteryx scapularis, Horsf. MS,

Hab. Nepal (No. 950, Hodgs. Catal.).

Spec. Char. “Plumage dark fusco-cyaneous, the rump dusky ;

flanks somewhat ashy, and middle of the belly slightly grey-edged ;

lores and immediately above the beak blackish, contrasting with a

bright czerulean forehead ; bend of the wing also czrulean, but less

bright ; and winglet, primaries and their coverts, secondaries and ter-

tiaries, dark olive-brown; a white spot on the under surface of the

wing, beneath the winglet ; bill black; legs dusky brown.

‘Length, 7% inches; of wing from bend, 33; middle tail-feathers,

33, the outermost 3 of an inch shorter; bill to forehead nearly 2, to

gape 13; tarse, 13; middle toe and claw, 1,3,; hind toe and claw, 3 ;

the last, 2.

«This bird is reported to be a fine songster, and heard chiefly in

the evening.” —Blyth.

Subfam. Trma.Ina.

Genus Tricnastoma, Blyth.

Syn. Malacocincla, Blyth.

Gen. Char. “Bill as long as the head, rather stout, high, much

compressed, the tip of the upper mandible pretty strongly hooked,

but indistinctly emarginated, and its ridge obtusely angulated towards

the base, the remainder scarcely angulated ; gape but little widened,

and feebly bristled ; nostrils large and subovate, with oval aperture

to the front, a little removed from the base of the bill; tarse of mean

length and strength, as long as the middle toe with its claw; the

claws suited for perching, compressed, and moderately curved, that

of the hind toe rather large ; wings moderate, with the first primary

reaching to about their middle, the second much shorter than the

third, and the fourth longest; tail rather short, weak and even, ex-

cept that its outermost feathers are a little shorter than the rest ;

plumage full and lax, the coronal feathers somewhat elongated and

of a spatulate form.”

4. Tricuastoma Assorrt, Blyth.

Syn. Malacocincla Abbotti, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xiv. p. 601

1845).

Trichastoma Abbotti, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 462; Catal. B.

Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 147. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 259.

Malacopteron Abbotti, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, ii. App. p. 9.

Hab. Arracan (No. 919, Hodgs. Catal.).

Spec. Char. ‘Colour above plain olive-brown, tinged with rufous

on the rump and tail; the upper tail-coverts ferruginous brown,

under parts paler ; the throat and middle of the belly white ; the ear-

coverts, sides of the breast and flanks rufescent ; the lower tail-coverts

weak ferruginous ; bill horn-colour, paler beneath.

“Length, 6 inches ; of wing, 3; tail, 21; bill to gape, 14; and tarse

the same.” —Blyth.

Mr. Blyth states Arracan to be the habitat of this bird. Speci-

mens have lately been presented to the Company’s Museum by B. H.

Hodgson, Esq., from Nepal, and by Capt. R. C. Tytler from Dacca.

Fam. Sytv1ap&, Vigors.

Subfam. Saxicoxina, Vigors.

Genus Nemura, Hodgson.

Syn. Lanthia, Blyth.

5. Nemura Honcsont, nobis. (Pl. LXII.)

Male: colour of the upper parts purplish blue, brightening to vivid

ultramarine on the crown; forehead, lores and sides of head, wings

and tail black, the two latter margined with blue externally ; on the

rump some of the feathers are tipped with white; upper tail-coverts

blue ; lower parts yellowish ferruginous ; under wing-coverts, flanks

and under tail-coverts white. Female: ferruginous brown, richer on

the rump; wings and tail dusky, margined with ferruginous brown

externally ; lores, ear-coverts and under parts pale dusky ferruginous;

under tail-coverts white; bill black; legs pale horn colour.

Lenath, 33ths of an inch; wing, 32; tail, 11; bill to front, 2;

to gape, = 2 ; tarse, 5 an inch.

Hab. Nepal (No. 949, Hodgs. Catal.).

Subfam. PHiLtoMELINA, Swains.

Genus TarsicEerR, Hodgson.

6. TARSIGER SUPERCILIARIS, Hodgson.

Male: above deep cyaneous; wings brown, margined with cya-

neous and rufous on the shoulder, primaries also margined with rufous,

secondaries with cyaneous ; tail brown, margined with cyaneous; a

white superciliary streak extending one inch and a half from the nares

to the back of the neck; lores and cheeks black; beneath rufous ;

centre of belly white. Female: olive-brown above; wings and tail

brown, margined with rusty olive ; superciliary streak not so clear as

in the male; beneath pale dull rufous; centre of belly and shafts of

the underside of tail white ; bill black ; legs horn colour.

Length, 5} inches ; of wing, 32; tail, 23; bill to gape, $; tarse, 14.

Hab. Nepal (No. 924, Hodgs. Catal.).

Subfam. Syivrana, Vigors.

Genus Prin1A, Horsfield, p. s. d.

7. PRINIA CINEREOCAPILLA, Hodgson.

. Crown of the head grey, the shaft and margin of the feathers being

darker ; nareal and frontal plumes, a streak over and beyond the eye,

and the whole under parts rufescent, brightest on the flanks and

thighs; lores and upper part of ear-coverts greyish; nape, back,

rump and wings bright rufous brown, the tips of the latter dusky ;

tail the same colour as the back, paler beneath, with a terminal dusky

band and rufescent white tips; bill black; legs pale horn colour.

Length, 44 inches; wing, 1,8; tail, 2; bill to front, 2; to gape, §;

tarsus, 3; middle toe and claw, ;4; hind ditto, 5&.

Hab. Nepal (No. 890*, Hodgs. Catal.).

Genus Suya, Hodgson.

8. SuyA ATROGULARIS, nobis.

Colour above dusky brown, in some specimens ashy brown; edge

of wing at shoulder and under wing-coverts buff; primaries mar-

gined with buftish and secondaries with rufescent brown; a whitish

streak extending from the base of the lower mandible to the end and

under the ear-covert ; chin, throat, side of neck, breast and centre of

abdomen black, the feathers of the two latter broadly centred with

white; flanks and sides of abdomen mixed grey, brown and rufescent;

vent buff; thighs buffy rufous; tail paler than the back, and has no

perceptible terminal band ; bill horn colour, feet paler.

Length, 63 inches, including the tail; wings, from 13 to 2 inches

in some specimens ; central feathers of tail from 34 to 4, its outermost

being only | inch; bill to gape, ,,; to front, 5%; height from chin to

front, 5; width at chin, ;2,; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Darjeeling ; Nepal (No. 893, Hodgs. Catal.).

A single specimen of this beautiful bird has been in the Museum

of the East India Company for a number of years, collected in Dar-

jeeling by F. T. Pearson, Esq. ; and B. H. Hodgson, Esq., has brought

home several examples from Nepal.

Genus Drymorca, Swains. p. s. d.

9. Drymorca NIpALENSIs, Hodgson.

Above rufous brown ; wings dusky brown, the primaries exteriorly

and secondaries interiorly and exteriorly margined with bright rufous

brown ; tail rufous brown, paler beneath, and distinctly rayed, has a

terminal dusky band, the tips being pale but not white; the whole

under parts rufescent, as in Prinia socialis, Sykes ; bill dusky horn

colour, paler below at base; legs pale horn colour.

Length, 45 to 5 inches; wing, 112; tail varying from 2} to 3;

bill to front, 345; to gape, 7; tarsi, 19; middle toe and claw, ;3,;

hind ditto, 55.

Hab. Nepal (No. 913, Hodgs. Caéal.).

3. NoTICE OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS OrRTHOTOMUS OF

HORSFIELD, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES, AND

OF THOSE HITHERTO KNOWN. By Frepreric Moors,

Assist. Mus. East Inp1A4 Company.

Fam. Syiviap&, Vigors.

Subfam. Syivr1ana, Vigors.

Genus OrTHOTOMUs, Horsfield.

Syn. Hdela, Lesson.—Sutoria, Nicholson.

1. OrtTHOTOMUs sEPIUM, Horsfield.

Syn. Orthotomus sepium, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 166

(1820). Lath. Hist. iv. p. 265. Temm. Pl. Col. 599. f.1. G. RB.

Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 162. Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.

p- 145. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 282.

The Chiglet Creeper, Lath.

Chiglet of the Javanese, Horsf.

Hab. Java.

O. sepium.—The forehead, lores, over the eyes and ear-coverts,

ear-coverts themselves, base of lower mandible and chin ferruginous,

palest on the sides and chin; top of head, back and tail brownish

olive, having a greenish tinge; wings dusky, broadly margined with

brownish olive; throat and breast asay black, the rest of the under

parts yellowish ; tail with a terminal dusky band, tipped with yellow-

ish; thighs ferruginous ; bill brownish, paler below ; legs pale.

Length, 43 inches; of wing, 1,8; tail, 12; bill to gape, 453

tarsus, 3.

The above description is taken from Dr. Horsfield’s typical speci-

mens, contained in the Mus. Hast India Company.

2. ORTHOTOMUS ATROGULARIS, Temminck.

Syn. Orthotomus atrogularis, Temm. Pl. Col. Texte, 599 (1836).

G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 162. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 282.

Hab. Malacca; Borneo. |

O. atrogularis.—“ The forehead, top of the head and occiput

bright brownish red; the neck, the back and the wings of a grassy

green; the tail of a yellowish green, marked near the end and on the

inner web with a narrow yellowish band; the chin, throat, breast and

upper parts of flanks pure black, the sides of the abdomen yellowish ;

middle of the belly and abdomen white; bill and feet brown. No

difference in the sexes.

“Length, 34 inches.”— Temm.

3. ORTHOTOMUS FLAVOVIRIDIS, nobis.

The forehead, crown, round the eyes, and occiput ferruginous ;

back and rump yellowish green; tail more dusky green; wings

brown, broadly margined exteriorly throughout with yellowish green ;

chin, base of lower mandible, ear-coverts, centre of some of the feathers

of the throat and breast white ; lower part of the breast ash and white ;

centre of abdomen white; throat and fore part of the breast black,

centred as above; flanks yellowish ; extreme edge of shoulder of wing

yellow; under part of tail yellowish, with a terminal dusky band,

tipped with yellowish; thighs greenish ferruginous. Specimens

labelled ‘ male.”

Length, 4 inches; of wing, 13; tail, 1}; bill to gape, =’; tarsus, 74.

Hab. Malacca. In Mus. East India Company.

4. OrTHOTOMUS EDELA, Temminck.

Syn. Orthotomus edela, Temm. Pl. Col. 599. f. 2 (1836). G. R.

Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 162, Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.

p. 144. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 282.

Motacilla sepium, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p.. 313. Lath.

Hist. vii. p. 218 (nec Horsf. v. Lafres.).

Edela ruficeps, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 212. t. 71 (1834) (nec Less.

Tr. d’Orn.).

Kachichi of the Malays of Sumatra, Raffles.

Hab. Malayan peninsula; Sumatra. In Mus. East India Com-

pany.

O. edela.— The forehead, lores and crown ferruginous; the

entire lower parts whitish, but the sides of the neck slightly varie-

gated with clear ashy; back of neck, back, wing-coverts and tail

greenish ; the wings ashy, but bordered with greenish ferruginous ;

the tail is regularly of one colour; the bill and feet brownish.”—

Temm.

Length, 41 inches ; of wing, 13; tail, 14; bill to gape, 3; tarsus, =,

5. ORTHOTOMUS RUFICEPS, Lesson.

Syn. Edela ruficeps, Less. Tr. d’Ornith. p. 309 (1831) (nee Less.

Cent. Zool.).

Orthotomus sericeus, Temm. Pl. Col. Texte, 599 (1836). G. R.

Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 162. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 282.

Hab. Malacca; Borneo.

O. ruficeps.—The forehead, crown, occiput, lores and upper part

of ear-coverts bright ferruginous ; the chin, base of lower mandible,

lower part of ear-coverts and the rest of the under parts silky white ;

back, rump and wings deep ash ;_tail bright ferruginous, at base ashy,

and with no terminal band ; thighs ferruginous ; bill yellowish brown,

pale below; legs pale.

Length, 43 inches; wing, 2; tail, 13; bill to gape, 7; tarsus, 5%.

The above description is from a specimen in the East India Com-

pany’s Museum. This species may readily be distinguished by the

bright ferruginous colour of the head, the tail also being of the same

colour, and by the bill being considerably longer and stouter (though

strictly typical) than in any of the other known species.

6. ORTHOTOMUS CINERACEUS, Blyth.

Syn. Orthotomus cineraceus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xiv. p. 589

(1845); Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 144. Bonap. C. G. Av.

. 282.

i Orthotomus sepium, Lafres. Mag. de Zool. 1836, t. 51 (nee Horsf.

v. Raffles).

Hab. Malacca.

O. cineraceus.—* Upper parts pure ash-grey, without any tinge of

green; forehead and sides of the head light ferruginous, palest on the

cheeks, and there is a slight tinge of the same upon the chin; crown

tinged with olive-brown ; lower parts white, passing to light ashy on

the sides of the breast ; tail somewhat brownish, with terminal dusky

band, and whitish extreme tips to its outer feathers; tibial plumes

rust-coloured; the tarsi and toes red-brown; bill dusky above, pale

beneath.

Length about 4} inches; of wing, 1,8;; tail, 1§; bill to gape, ¢;

tarse, £.”—Blyth.

A specimen in the East India Company’s Museum, from Malacca,

has the centre of the throat and the whole of the breast and flanks

lightish ash, paling to silky white on the centre of the belly; the

under tail-coverts are also white; wings brown, the primaries mar-

gined exteriorly with pale dusky ferruginous, the secondaries with

ashy olive; extreme edge of wing, under spurious wing-coverts and

exterior margin of the latter ferruginous white, contrasting with the

ash on the breast ; under wing-coverts white. The wing and tarsus

are both an eighth of an inch longer. Other characters as in the

description above.

7. ORTHOTOMUS LONGIROSTRIS, Swainson.

Syn. Orthotomus longirostris, Swains. 24 Cent. p. 343 (1837) ;

Classif. Birds, ii. p. 62. f. 135. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 162.

Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 282.

Hab. S.W. Australia (Swains.). Malacca?

O. longirostris.—‘‘ Cinereous ; sides of the body beneath cinereous,

the middle white; head, chin and thighs ferruginous ; throat black ;

tail brownish, graduated, the latter with dusky black ends, tipped

with whitish ; bill and legs pale.

“Length, 42 inches; wing, 2;1,; tail, beyond 1; base, 1545; bill to

gape, 585; tarsus, ;%.”—Swains.

This species differs from O. cineraceus in having a black throat,

and in the wing being three-tenths of an inch longer, the tarsus also

being longer by a quarter of aninch. Mr. Swainson has given S.W.

Australia as the habitat of this species, which must evidently be an

error.

8. ORTHOTOMUS CUCULLATUS, Temminck.

Syn. Orthotomus cucullatus, Temm. Pl. Col. 599. f. 3 (1836).

G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 162. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 282.

Hab. Java; Sumatra.

O.cucullatus.—‘‘Top of the head bright ferruginous; neck, cheeks,

and the sides of the breast of a pure ash; the neck in front, the

breast, and the middle of the belly are pure white ; the sides, the

thighs and the abdomen of a citron-yellow; back and wings of a

greenish tint, the quills and tail margined with greenish ; upper man-

dible brown, the lower as well as the feet yellowish.” —Temminck.

9. ORTHOTOMUS LONGICAUDA, Gmelin.

Motacilla longicauda et sutoria, Gmel. 8. N. L. i. pp. 954, 997.

Orthotomus longicauda, Strickl. Ann. N. H. xn. p. 35, Blyth,

J.A.S. Beng. xiii. p. 377; Catal. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 144.

G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 162. Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. xvii.

pt. i. p. 298. Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. xvii. pt. ii. p. 691. Bonap.

C. G. Av. p. 281. Layard, Ann. N. H. 1853, p. 262.

Sylvia longicauda et sutoria, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. pp. 545, 551;

Gen. Hist. vii. pp. 79, 119. Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 456.

Malurus longicaudus, Pearson, J. A. 8. Beng. x. p. 644.

Sylvia guzuratta, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 554; Gen. Hist. vii. p. 129.

Orthotomus Bennettii et O. lingoo, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832) p. 90.

Lafres. Mag. de Zool. (1836) t.52,53. Jerdon, Madr. Journ. xi. p.1.

Hodgs. Cat. B. Nep. p. 63.

Orthotomus ruficapilla, Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng. ii. p. 504 (1833).

Orthotomus sphenurus, Swains. 24 Cent. p. 343 (1838).

Orthotomus sutorius, v. ruficapillus, v. sphenurus, Hodgs. Gray’s

Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 82.

Orthotomus sutoria et O. patia, Hodgs. P. Z. S. (1845) p. 29.

Sutoria agilis, Nicholson, P. Z. 8. (1851) p. 194.

The Indian Tailor Bird.

Phutki, of the Hindoos, Jerdon.

Tuntuni, of the Bengalese, Hamilton, Blyth.

Patia, or ‘‘ Leaf Bird,” Nepal, Hodgson.

Hab. India generally; Ceylon; Burmese countries; Malayan

peninsula ?

This species is too well known to require further description.

“The Tailor Bird is tolerably common in most wooded districts, and

universally spread, frequenting cultivated ground, especially gardens,

groves of trees, and is also found in high jungle, in the more open

spaces. It lives in pairs or in small flocks, incessantly hopping about

the branches of trees and shrubs, peas and other vegetables, with a

No. CCLXV.—ProcerrpD1ncGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

loud reiterated note, and picking various insects (chiefly ants and

small larve) off the bark and leaves, and not unfrequently seeking

them on the ground. It has the habit of frequently jerking up its

tail while feeding or hopping about, and at times (especially when

calling) it has the power of raising the feathers on the lower part of

the throat, and displaying on either side a small black stripe. This

has been noted by no one except Lieut. Hutton, who states, ‘it is

only seen when the bird is in motion, and wholly disappears when in

a state of rest.’ It has various notes, one of which sounds like twee,

twee, twee, as mentioned by Col. Sykes, and another which is gene-

rally used when alarmed or angry, and sounds like chick, chick, chick,

chicky, chick. It is a familiar bird, and ventures close to houses,

but when observed becomes wary.” —Jerdon.

Dr. Nicholson says, “It has a loud, short, and not unmelodious

song; its general ery being ‘wheet, wheet, wheet,’ often repeated ;

but its alarm cry is like ‘ cheertah, cheertah, cheertah.’”’

The following are a few observations on the structure of two speci-

mens of the nest of the Tailor Bird, found in the garden belonging

to Capt. Hearsey, by Lieut. Hutton: ‘The first was neatly formed

of raw cotton and bits of cotton threads, woven strongly together,

thickly lined with horse-hair, and supported between two leaves on a

twig of the Amaltds tree (Cassia fistula). These two leaves were

first placed longitudinally upon each other, and stitched in that posi-

tion from the points to rather more than halfway up the sides with

a strong thread spun from the raw cotton by the bird, leaving the

entrance to the nest at the point where they join the branch of the

tree. Both of these leaves were of course green and living. Subse-

quently, however, they were blown down by a high wind, and bemg

now withered, the nest appears enclosed between two dead leaves.

The second specimen was at the end of a branch of the Bhela (Seme-

carpus anacardium), about two feet from the ground, and constructed

of the same materials as the above, viz. raw cotton, cotton threads,

also a little flax, and lined with horse-hair alone; the leaves were

stitched together partly with thread prepared by the bird, and partly

with spun thread ; and so well concealed was it, that even after Capt.

Hearsey had discovered it (by accident) he could scarcely find it

again to show to me. In it were found an egg and two young birds

nearly fledged. These I placed, with the nest, in a trap-cage, and

thus succeeded in capturing both of the old birds. The young birds

are similar in colours to the adults, except that they are paler and the

top of the head cinereous with a faint rufous tinge; bill yellowish.

The eggs are white, spotted, chiefly at the larger end, with tawny

spots.”

P Further notices of the habits and nest of this curious bird are given

by the following authors, at the places above referred to, viz. Hodgson,

Sykes, Blyth, Layard, Nicholson, &c.

4. A MonocGrary or CEeRITHIDEA, A GENUS OF MoLLUsCa,

witH DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVERAL New SPECIES, FROM THE

Couutection or HucH Cumine, Ese.: TO WHICH ARE

ADDED, Descriptions or Two New Species or Co.ina,

AND One or Donax. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S.

Genus CerITHIDEA, Swainson.

1. CreriTHIDEA DECOLLATA, Linnzeus.

Murex decollatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1226.—Cerithium

decollatum, Brug. Dict. no. 45.—? Turbo pulcher, Dillw. Cat. no. 91.

2. CrRITHIDEA oBptusa, Lamarck.

-Cerithium obtusum, Lamk. Hist. Nat. ed. Desh. vol. iv. p. 294. no.

17.—Strombus obtusus, Wood.—Cerithium decollatum, Sow. Gen.

3. CERITHIDEA VARICOSA, Sowerby.

Cerithium varicosum, Sow. Gen. of Shells, f. 5; Kien. Mon. Cerith.

pl. 30. f. 2.—Cerithium validum, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama,

p- 157.

4. Ceriruipea Montaenet, D’Orbigny.

Cerithium Montagnei, D’Orb. Voy. dans ? Amér. Meérid., Moll.;

Kien. Mon. Cerith.—Cerithium Reevianum, C. B. Adams, Shells of

Panama, p. 156.

5. CerITHIDEA PULCHRA, C. B. Adams.

Cerithium pulchrum, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 156.

6. CeriTtHipea HecGewiscutit, Philippi.

Cerithium (Potamides) Hegewischii, Phil. Zeit. f. Malac. 1848,

p- 19; Abbild. und Beschreib.

7. CerirHipEA Sinensits, Philippi.

Cerithium (Potamides) Sinense, Phil. Zeit. f. Malac. 1848, p. 19.

8. CERITHIDEA CHARBONNIERI, Petit.

Cerithium Charbonnieri, Petit, Journ. de Couch. Nov. 15, 1851.—

Cerithium unicarinatum, Metcalfe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

9. CerittHipEeA Laronn1, Michaud.

Cerithium Lafondi, Mich. Actes de la Soc. Linn. de Berd. 1829,

pl. 5. f. 7, 8; Kien. Mon. Cerith. pl. 24. f. 3.

Subgenus PrreNneL.A, Gray.

10. Ceriruipea (PrRENELLA) CarLLAvunt, Potiez et Michaud.

P Cerithium Caillaudi, Pot. et Mich. Cat. des Moll. de Douai, pl. 31.

217, 18.

11. CerirHipea (PIRENELLA) BICARINATA, Gray.

Cerithium bicarinatum, Gray, Fauna of New Zealand, p. 241.—

Cerithium lutulentum, Kien. Mon. Cerith. pl. 22. f. 3.

12. CerirH1pEA (PrrENELLA) conrca, Blainville.

Cerithium conicum, Blainv. Faun. Frane., Moll. p- 158. ne. 5. pl. 6a.

f. 10.—Cerithium Sardoum, Cantr.; Kien. Mon. Cerith. pl. 22. f. 2.

13. CeriTHIpEA (PrrENELLA) D1EMENENSIS, Quoy et Gaim.

Cerithium Diemenense, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de I’ Astr. iii. p. 128.

pl. 55. f. 11-13; Kien. Mon. Cerith, pl. 23. f. 1.

14. CerrrarpEa (Prrenewia) Lareiicrertt, Philippi.

Cerithium (Potamides) Largillierti, Phil. Zeit. f. Malac. 1848, p. 20.

15. CeriITHIDEA BALTEATA, A. Adams. C. testa turrito-conica,

apice truncata, tenui, rufo-fusca, linea spirali, albida ad me-

dios anfractuum et altera ad suturas, ornata ; anfractibus con-

vexis, varicibus nullis, costis longitudinalibus, angustis, nume-

rosis insculptis, transversim subsulcatis, ultimo rotundato, basi

sulcato ; apertura subquadrata, antice canaliculata ; labro ex-

panso, margine albo, reflexo, antice producto, auriculato.

Hab. Island of Ticao, marshy places, salt water. Mus. Cuming.

This is a handsome shell, of a rich red-brown colour, ornamented

with two yellowish-white*bands, the hinder one interrupted and less

distinct.

16. CerttrHipea stmiuis, A. Adams. C. testa turrito-conica,

apice obtusa, truncata, solidiuscula, rufescente, albido varie-

gata; anfractibus planiusculis, varice unico ad anfractum ulti-

mum, costis permultis, confertis, nodulosis, cingula moniliformt

ad suturas instructis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato, basi sulcato ;

apertura suborbiculari, antice canaliculata ; labro expanso,

extus incrassato, antice producto ac auriculato.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming.

Of a pale fulvous-brown colour, with flat decussated whorls, and a

whitish moniliform band immediately below the sutures.

17. CERITHIDEA CRASSILABRUM, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-

conica, apice cornea, vix truncata, solida, cinerea; anfractibus

convexis, varicibus nullis, ad suturas cingula filiformi instruc-

tis, costellis albidis, confertis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato, bast

suleato; apertura quadrato-orbiculari, basi subeffusa; labro

expanso, valde incrassato, reflexo, arcuato.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming.

This species is remarkable for the great thickness of the outer lip,

and the thread-like belt at the sutures ; the outer lip at the fore part

is marked with two obscure brown spots; in some smaller varieties

the ribs are more strongly developed, and the interstices between them

are horn-coloured, and the upper whorls corneous.

4 85

18. CerrrHipEA Aausrvaricosa, A. Adams. C. testa turrito-

conica, apice acuta, solida, fusco-grisea, linea spirali, luteola,

ad medios anfractuum ornata, albivaricosa; anfractibus con-

vextusculis, varicibus numerosis, distantibus, alternantibus in-

structis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis nodulosis, transversim

sulcatis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato, basi spiraliter sulcato ;

apertura suborbiculari, antice sinuata; labro expanso, margine

acuto, subreflexo.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming.

This species is easily recognized, on account of the conspicuous

white varices of the whorls.

-19. Crerrruipea raricostata, A. Adams. C. testa turrito-

conica, apice truncata, tenui, rubro-fusca, linea albo-lutea spi-

rali ad medios anfractuum ornata; anfractibus convexis, su-

turis impressis, varicibus nullis, costis longitudinalibus distan-

tibus, interstitiis levibus, subcostellatis ; anfractu ultimo ad

basin funiculo cineto, infra funiculum subplano et sulcato ;

apertura suborbiculari; labro margine acuto, expanso ac re-

flexo.

Hab. Catbalonga, island of Samaar. Mus. Cuming.

The ribs in this species are few and wide apart, and the interstices

are nearly smooth ; the whorls are very convex, and the shell is thin

and semipellucid.

20. CeriruipEs Fortunet, A. Adams. C. testa turrito-conica,

apice acuta, solida, olivacea, linea spirali fusca ad medios an-

Jractuum ; anfractibus convexis, ad suturas marginatis, varici-

bus obsoletis nonnullis, costis permultis, elevatiusculis, equali-

bus, arcuatis sculptis, transversim substriatis ; anfractu ultimo

rotundato, basi spiraliter sulcato; apertura suborbiculari, an-

tice effusa; labro expanso, valde sinuato vix reflexo.

Hab. China (Mr. Fortune). Mus. Cuming.

This is a solid and somewhat smooth species, with numerous ribs,

which are obsolete on the last whorl.

21. Certruipea cornea, A. Adams. C. testa turrito-conica,

apice truncata, tenui, cornea, fusca; anfractibus planiusculis,

varicibus nullis, costis longitudinalibus, arcuatis, equalibus

sculptis ; anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam angulato, basi sub-

plano, sulcato; apertura subquadrata, antice sinuata ; labro

expanso, margine acuto, reflexo.

Hab. Borneo, mouths of rivers. Mus. Cuming.

This species is more fluviatile than many of the others, and the

texture of the shell is thin and horny ; in general appearance it most

resembles C. Charbonnieri of Petit, but the last whorl is not acutely

carinated.

22. CeriTHipEA RurzorpHorarum, A. Adams. C. testa tur-

rito-conica, apice truncata, subsolida, cinerea; anfractibus

superne pallide flavidis, planis, varice unico, subobsoleto. ad

anfractum ultimum, costellis arcuatis, nodulosis, permultis or-

natis, transversim sulcatis ; anfractu ultimo vie angulato; aper-

tura quadrato-orbiculari, basi sinuata ; labro breviter reflexo

et arcuato.

Hab. Cagayan, province of Misamis, Mindanao. Mus. Cuming.

This species inhabits estuaries near the sea, and is found among

the roots of the Rhizophora, or mangrove; it is a dull, solid, ashy-

brown shell, with numerous corrugated ribs.

23. CerirHipEA (PrrENELLA) Layarpu, A, Adams. C. testa

turrita, apice acuta, solida, castaneo-fusca, albo-zonata; an-

fractibus planiusculis, triseriatim granosis, cingula moniliformi

ad suturas instructis; anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam sub-

angulato et bicarinato; apertura ovata, antice subcanaliculata ;

labro tenui, in medio sinuato.

Hab. Ceylon (£. L. Layard, Esq.). Mus. Cuming.

This is a very pretty species, somewhat resembling the P. mam-

millata of Philippi, but the character of the sculpture of the whorls

is entirely different.

24, CeriTHIpEA (PrRENELLA) PAUXILLA, A. Adams. C. testa

parva, turrito-conica, apice acuta, nitida, straminea ; anfrac-

tibus planiusculis, varice unico ad anfractum ultimum, suturis

canaliculatis, anfractibus triseriatim granosis ; apertura qua-

drato-orbiculari, antice sinuata; labro acuto, expanso, margine

sinuoso.

Hab. Burias, Philippines. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small yellowish-brown shining species, with deeply-chan-

neled sutures, and with the whorls ornamented with three series of

rather acute tubercles.

25. Corina pincuis, A. Adams. C. testa fusiformi, in medio

ventricosa, flavido-fusca, transversim suleata, spira attenuata,

apice mucronata; anfractibus supremis levibus, mediis serie

tuberculorum instructis, ultimo levigato, superne nodoso-pli-

cato; apertura ovali, antice canaliculata, canali brevi; labro

expanso, margine subreflexo, fusco articulato. ‘

Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming.

This is a very singular shell, with a series of large tubercles on the

middle gibbose whorls, and with the last whorl smooth, and exhibit-

ing all the characters of the genus Colina.

26. Coxina costata, A. Adams. C. testa fusiformi, in medio

gibbosula, flavescente, rufo sparsim maculata, transversim li-

rata, longitudinaliter costata, costis crassis, equalibus, inter-

stitiis lineis transversis, elevatis insculptis; anfractu ultimo

ecostato, cingulis granulosis, transversis ornato, antice angulato,

basi sulcato ; apertura ovali, antice canaliculata, canalt brevi,

aperto ; labro expanso, margine incrassato et reflexo.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming.

This species differs from the others of the genus in the longitudi-

nal ribs of the whorls, and in the elevated granular transverse liree.

27. Donax Keyur, A. Adams. D. testa trigonali, inequilate-

rali, latere antico abrupte truncato, epidermide fusca, tenui

obtecta, oblique valde costata, costis equalibus, interstitis

concinne cancellatis ; margine ventrali denticulato, arcuato,

postice subsinuato ; intus, ad laterum anticum, macula oblonga,

violacea ornata.

Hab. Hippopotamus Point, Quilimane River, East Africa (Gilbert

Key, Esq., R.N.).

A very pretty and curious species, characterized by the strongly-

marked oblique ribs with the interstices cancellated, and with a violet

spot in the interior of the valves.

March 14, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS PALUDOMUS OF SWAINSON,

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVERAL New SPECIES, AND THE

DescrirpTion oF A New Sprecires or Ancutotus. By

Epear L. Layarp, F.Z.S., C.M.E.S. erc. ere.

A cursory survey of the genus Paludomus, which Swainson many

years ago separated from Melania, at once satisfied me that several

genera or subgenera, differing in structure and habits, were united

together under one name by Mr. Reeve, in his monograph on the

genus in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica,’ where he describes the charac-

ters of the genus as follows :—‘* Animal fluviatile, with a horny sub-

triangularly-ovate concentrically-striated operculum.”

_ Had Mr. Reeve been furnished with the operculum and a correct

account of the habits of each species, he never would have left the

genus as it now stands. I was not aware that Dr. Gray had sepa-

rated one division from it, until so informed by him when I intro-

duced the subject to the notice of the Zoological Society on a former

evening ; and I rejoice to find that my observations on the Mollusca

in their natural state confirm the views to which that learned zoolo-

gist has arrived, from the structure of the opercula.

This induced me carefully to examine the whole group; and the

ample collection of Mr. Cuming, ever open to the investigator, my

own cabinet, particularly rich in this family, and my memoranda

taken in Ceylon, have furnished the results here presented to the

Society.

I propose to separate the genus into four divisions, founded upon

the structure of the operculum.

The first I shall designate Paturomus, as, with the addition of

the position of the nucleus in the operculum, the characters, as given

by Reeve, sufficiently describe that organ, and from its partiality to

sluggish waters (two species being found in the marshy borders of

tanks or artificial lakes), it better suits the name than any of the

other divisions. A note of interrogation after a species implies that

I have not seen the operculum, but from the form I consider it to

belong to the division in which it is placed.

Genus 1. Patupomus, Swains.

Animal inhabiting gently-running or still water. Operculum horny,

subtriangularly ovate, with the apex superior and slightly inclined ;

concentrically striate ; nucleus subcentral, sinistral.

. decussatus, Reeve ?

. Stephanus, Benson?

conicus, Gray.

. bifasciatus, Reeve.

spiralis, Reeve.

pictus, Reeve?

bacula, Reeve?

. abbreviatus, Reeve?

. clavatus, Reeve?

. Maurus, Reeve?

. rudis, Reeve?

. levis, Layard,

. palustris, Layard.

. chilinoides, Reeve.

. phasianinus, Reeve.

acutus, Reeve.

. bicinctus, Reeve.

constrictus, Reeve.

nigricans, Reeve.

. paludinoides, Reeve.

punctatus, Reeve.

. globulosus, Reeve?

yt teh

htt hh

Genus 2. Ganea*, Layard.

Animal inhabiting gently-running water. Operculum horny, sub-

triangularly ovate; apex superior, slightly inclined, concentrically

striate ; nucleus subcentral, dextral.

G. dilatata, Reeve. G.neritoides, Reeve? G. olivacea, Reeve?

Genus 3. Tanai, Gray.

Animal fluviatile, delighting in the most rapid mountain torrents.

Operculum horny, subtriangularly ovate; apex lateral, lamellated ;

nucleus lateral, dextral.

T. loricata, Reeve. T. Gardneri, Reeve.

T. crinascens, Reeve. T. Tennentii, Reeve.

T. area, Reeve. T. Reevei, Layard.

T. Layardi, Reeve. T. similis, Layard.

T. undata, Reeve. T. violacea, Layard.

T. funiculata, Reeve.

Genus 4. Puitoporamis, Layard.

Animal fluviatile, amphibious, delighting in rocky torrents. Oper-

culum horny, subtriangularly ovate ; apex superior, paucispiral; nu-

cleus sub-basal, dextral.

Ph. sulcatus, Reeve. Ph. Thwaitesii, Lay. Ph. regalis, Lay.

* Cingalese name for a river.

One characteristic habit, separating the whole of these species, as

far as I can ascertain, from Melania, is that they are constantly found

adhering to stones, or the submerged roots of trees and stems of

aquatic plants, which the Melanie never are ; neither do they burrow

in sand, as do the Melanie, though they often resort to a sandy loca-

lity, perhaps for the purpose of breeding. The habit in Ph. sulca-

tus of crawling several feet out of the water on the damp grass is re-

markable.

A few remarks on the various species in detail may prove not un-

acceptable.

PALUDOMUS CHILINOIDES, Reeve.

This is the commonest species of the whole tribe. It is found in

gently-running water generally, but often in paddy fields and other

marshy grounds to which these running waters have access.

The animal is blackish-mottled, forehead produced into an obtuse

point, slightly indented in the centre and fringed with red dots;

tentacula two, acuminate; eyes two, sessile, situated about one-fifth

of the distance up the tentacles.

I have taken the operculum of this species as the type of the

family ; it therefore needs no description.

PaLupomus Lzvis, Layard.

Shell oblong-ovate ; axis 11 lines, diam. 7 lines; spire acute, ex-

serted, moderately long; whorls rounded, not depressed round the

upper part, smooth. Colour olive-yellow, the lower whorls seldom

marked, but the upper always spotted with one or two rows of arrow-

headed dots; apex bluish; aperture white.

Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides.

Hab. Ceylon, in slow-running streams on the northern side of the

mountain zone extending into the flat country beyond Anarajahpoora.

I also obtained a few in a paddy field in the south of the island, near

the village of Heneratgodde. Mus. Cuming et Layard.

I think this may prove to be but a variety of Pal. chilinoides,

although the experienced eye of Mr. Cuming at once separated it

from that species. It is found in the same localities, and only differs

from it in wanting the depression round the upper part of the whorls

and in the colouring ; the mollusk is similar.

PaLupomus PALusTRIs, Layard.

Shell ovate, thin; axis 10 lines, diam. 6 lines; spire exserted,

long ; whorls rounded, rather flat, spirally closely grooved with mi-

nute granular striz (visible under the lens), Colour of adult shell *

a rich yellow spotted with dark brown, the markings frequently run-

ning into wavy lines; apex bluish; aperture white.

* In young shells the ground colour is almost hidden by the dark markings,

= the aperture is found to be spirally marked with thin lines of the same

colour.

Operculum nearly oval, the apex slightly inclined to the left ; con-

centric nucleus subcentral, sinistral.

Hab. The grassy margins of a tank at Anarajahpoora. Mus.

Cuming et Layard.

PALUDOMUS NIGRICANS, Reeve.

Opercvlum as in Pal. chilinoides, Reeve.

Hab. Balcaddua Pass, mountain torrent, affecting the little pools

and not found in the rapids.

PaLupomus constrictus, Reeve.

Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides, Reeve, but with the apex very

much inclined to the left.

Hab, Kadaganava Pass, mountain streams. I have not taken it 2

situ. Mus. Cuming et Layard.

PaLupomus sBicinctTus, Reeve.

Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides, Reeve.

Hab. Balcaddua Pass, in the Mahavillaganga, shallow quiet places

on sand. Mus. Cuming et Layard.

PALUDOMUS PHASIANINUS, Reeve.

Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides, Reeve.

I cannot help thinking that this is but a geographical variety of

Pal. chilinoides, of which the Ceylon race will be the connecting link.

Seychelles type. Mus. Cuming. Ceylon var. Mus. Layard.

PALUDOMUS PALUDINOIDES, Reeve.

Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides, Reeve.

Hab. Ganges. Mus. Cuming et Layard.

PaLUDOMUS DeEcussATUS, Reeve.

Operculum as in Pal. chilinoides.

Hab. Balcaddua Pass, mountain torrent, in company with Pal. ni-

gricans, Reeve. Mus. Cuming et Layard.

Patupomus parvus, Layard.

Shell ovate ; axis 6 lines, diam. 4 lines; spire exserted, moderately

Jong; whorls slightly rounded, smooth. Colour dark olive-yellow,

more or less marked with fine spiral brown lines ; aperture white.

Operculum as in P. chilinoides, Reeve.

Hab. Bombay. Mus. Cuming et Layard.

PALUDOMUS GLOBULOSUS, Reeve.

Iam not quite satisfied that the opercula which I received with the

specimens of this shell presented to me, are really the proper oper-

cula of the species, but it probably belongs to this group.

I was told that the shells came from Rambodde Pass, between

Newera Elia and Kandy, but never saw it in situ, as I did not visit

that locality. Mus. Layard et Cuming.

PALUDOMUS SPIRALIS, Reeve,

I include in this group, from its resemblance to my Pal. palustris.

The only specimens I ever saw are in Mr. Cuming’s cabinet.

PALUDOMUS DILATATUS, Reeve.

Operculum concentric ; nucleus subcentral, dextral.

Hab. Ceylon, Rambodde Pass, mountain torrent. This species was

given to me along with Pal. globulosus ; I therefore know nothing of

its habits.

Genus Tanai, Gray.

TANALIA LORICATA, Reeve.

This species grows to its largest size in the Calloo ganga, above

Ratnapoora, where it is found in the most rapid foaming currents ad-

hering to rocks. It resorts to deep sandy pools and reaches at some

seasons, but apparently will not exist in a river devoid of rocks and

rapids. Most of the streams of the southern provinces answering to

this description contain it; but I never met with it to the northward,

where the rivers become more sluggish.

The mollusk is almost black.

TANALIA CRINASCENS, Reeve.

TI doubt this being more than a geographical variety of the preceding

species ; and not being aware that it had been separated from it, did

not pay attention to the operculum, though it evidently belongs to

this group. I have only received the species from one locality,

Kadaganava Pass, between Colombo and Kandy ; but have interme-

diate varieties, on which half the spines are solid, as in loricata,

half capped and hollow, as in crinascens.

T. area, Reeve. T. Layarpt, R. T. unpaTA, R.

I seek in vain for sufficient distinction in these species to separate

them from loricata. Take a strongly-marked specimen of each, and

the division appears an excellent one; place a hundred of each, and

the gradations are imperceptible.

As far as my recollection serves me, there is nothing different in

the animals ; but as I was not aware of the separation of erea and

Layardi, 1 did not closely scrutinize them; however, of undata

dozens passed in review with careful survey.

They are found with loricata and the pseudo-variety crinascens

before mentioned ; and the opercula are undistinguishable, save that

those of @rea having a wider aperture to fill, are larger and not

quite so angular. I look upon them as varieties of loricata.

TANALIA GARDNERI, Reeve.

Operculum not distinguishable, except in size, from that of lori-

cata. In very large specimens the angle is often very great, and is

bent outward on the exterior side.

Hab. I found this species in a waterfall pool at Tambillichna,

below Ratnapoora ; also in the Calloo ganga, but only in the most

rapid current, mixed with Joricata and the next species.

TANALIA TENNENTII, Reeve.

Operculum the same as in the preceding species, but, if anything,

always more angular.

Hab. as in T. Gardneri.

TanaLiA Reevel, Layard.

Shell oblong ovate; axis 14 inch, diam. 1 in. 2 lines. Spire exserted,

short. Whorls rounded, spirally corded with rather distant obtuse

ridges, longitudinally striated with well-marked close-set strize, the

great characteristic mark of the species. Aperture: outer lip edged

with deep purple-brown, columellar lip white. Colour a dark yellow-

brown, thickly marked with longitudinal, slanting, jet-brown wavy

bands. ,

Hab. The Calloo ganga, Ratnapoora.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this beautiful species to the

gentleman who has so extensively investigated this peculiar family.

TANALIA vioLACEA, Layard.

Shell globose; axis 6 lines, diam. 5 lines. Spire very short,

slightly exserted. Whorls rounded, ventricose, spirally grooved

with close-set, fine, minutely decussated striee (in one variety the

strize become ridges). Colour a dark bluish-brown, almost amounting

to black, with darkish brown patches appearing in some specimens.

Aperture deep violet inside; columella white, stained on the outside

edge with dark brown.

Hab. A small mountain torrent in a dense forest between Gilly-

malle and Pallabaddoola, towards Adam’s Peak, Ceylon.

TANALIA stmIuis, Layard.

Shell rather globose; axis 8 lines, diam. 6 lines. Spire short,

exserted. | Whorls rounded, ventricose, spirally grooved with close-

set, fine, minutely decussated strize. Colour rich olive-yellow, pro-

fusely marked with longitudinal, wavy, dark lines, interrupted by

four or five fine transverse bands of the same colour. Aperture: the

dark markings of the shell show through, and are dimmed by a bluish

haze; columellar lip white, stained on the outside edge with dark

brown, which runs round the outer lip in a thin band.

Hab. A mountain torrent at Kandangamoa, near Ratnapoora.

TANALIA FUNICULATA, Reeve.

I never could find avy species which answered to Mr. Reeve’s

description of this shell, until Mr. Cuming kindly lent me the type

specimen, when an honr’s immersion in soap and water showed that

the “‘jet-brown”’ was merely the accumulation of the freshwater algze

(which always cover this sluggish family) and the red cabooky dust

of ‘India’s utmost isle.’ This cleaning revealed a bright yellow

epidermis, variegated with dark brown wavy lines, and the very

minutely striated structure of the shell; and the specimen imme-

diately ranged itself with a series of a very variable shell, which I had

in vain endeavoured to reconcile with any published description.

A more lengthened description of this species, which I shall still

call T. funiculata, Reeve, may prove acceptable, and prevent others

from experiencing the same difficulty which I have felt.

Shell oblong ovate; axis 13 lines, diam. 10. Spire exserted.

Whorls rather depressed round the upper part, spirally corded with

rather distant obtuse ridges placed at unequal distances, sometimes

with a thread-like ridge between two larger ones, the whole minutely

longitudinally striated. Colour a bright rich yellow, variegated with

closely set, dark brown, broadish, zigzag lines. Interior whitish ;

exterior lip faintly marked all round with purplish-brown, with fre-

quent dark brown spots; columellar lip white, with the exterior

margin stained with a bright pale brown. This description is taken

from the original type shell; in some examples the ridges are almost,

if not quite, obsolete ; the spire is hardly exserted, the zigzag lines

lost, and the aperture almost pure white; one of these specimens

measures, axis 9} lines, diam. 8 lines. In another, measuring, axis

17 lines, diam. 14 lines, the strise are much coarser, and some of the

upper ridges present a decided indication of nodules! The outer lip is

pretty deeply edged with dark brown, and the bright brown of the

columellar lip, though still present, is soon changed into a deep rich

hue.

The species is abundant in a mountain stream not far from Ratna-

poora, probably the very stream whence my lamented friend Dr.

Gardner procured the type specimen, as it is crossed by the high

road leading thither from Colombo ; and, as I have had opportunity

of witnessing, Dr. Gardner never failed to examine every stream he

passed.

PHILOPoTAMIs SULCATUS, Reeve.

Operculum ovoid; apex slightly inclined, sinistral, paucispiral.

Nucleus sub-basal, dextral. Mollusk black; forehead produced, as

in Paludomus chilinoides ; tentacles and eyes also the same.

Hab. Weyweldenia, a rocky rivulet. I found this species loc. cit.,

and I then remarked that vast numbers of them were crawling on the

wet grass on the banks of the stream. I subsequently found it at

Kandangamoa and in the Calloo ganga.

PHILOPOTAMIS REGALIS, Layard.

Shell oblong ovate; axis 1 inch, diam. 9 lines. Spire exserted,

short. Whorls rounded, depressed at the upper part, spirally corded

with close-set slight ridges, longitudinally minutely striated, and

crowned with a single row of short, sharp, hollow, angular spines,

closely set. Colour yellowish-olive, painted with wavy, dark brown

longitudinal lines. Aperture pure white.

Operculum unknown, but most probably as in P. sulcatus.

Hab. Stream in the Cnia Corle, Western province, Ceylon.

Puitorotamis THwaitresu, Layard.

Shell oblong ovate; axis 13 lines, diam. 9 lines. Spire exserted,

short. Whorls almost carinated round the upper part, spirally

corded with unequal-sized, close, but irregularly set ridges, granulated

or minutely striated. Colour yellowish-olive, painted more or less

with wavy, dark brown longitudinal lines. Aperture pinkish-white,

occasionally having the outer lip dotted with dark pink-brown marks.

Hab. Same as P. sulcatus.

This is a rare shell, if really distinct from sulcatus, from which

and from regalis it may at once be distinguished by the shallowness

and irregularity of the ridges.

ANCULOTUS CARINATUS, Layard.

Shell somewhat globose; axis 5 lines, diam. 4 lines. Spire ex-

serted, short. Whorls inflated, rather square, sharply keeled round

the inferior angle, minutely longitudinally striated. Colour dull

olive, marked faintly with two or three broad bands of dark rufous-

brown, which are very apparent in the aperture; columellar lip

white, stained with a light dash of the same rufous-brown on the

exterior margin.

Hab. Streams in the Mahakeshwar Hills, Bombay Presidency.

Mus. Cuming.

2. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEw SPECIES OF LOPHOCERCID AND

PHILINIDS, FROM THE CUMINGIAN CoLLECTION. By Ar-

THUR Apams, F.L.S. etc.

1. Lopsocrercus Krouni, A. Adams. L. testa involuta, ovato-

oblonga, postice gibbosa, ad apicem subangulata et plicata; spira

occulta, alba, nitida, fragili, pellucida ; apertura ovali, postice

acuta, antice dilatata; labro postice soluto, angulo postico libero

inflexo ac rotundato.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. Mus. Cuming.

This species is more gibbose posteriorly than L. Sieboldii; the

region of the spire is plicate, and the shell is pellucid, white, and

fragile.

2. LospicEeR PeLLucipus, A. Adams. L. testa ovali, subinvoluta,

alba, fragili, pellucida, longitudinaliter substriata, spira oe-

culta ; apertura oblonga, ampla, postice producta et suban-

gustata, antice dilatata ; labio tenui, subreflexo ; labro arcuato,

margine acuto.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This species differs from L. Philippii in being white and nearly

pellucid, and from LZ. Cumingii in the very different form of the

aperture, this not being produced into a narrow spout-like canal

posteriorly.

3. PHiLINE ORIENTALIS, A. Adams. PP. testa ovato-rotundata,

subinvoluta, alba, solida, nitida, spira nulla ; apertura magna,

antice effusa; labro semicirculari, angulo postico producto et

rotundato.

Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming.

a WolE, lith M & N. Hank

JRONOTA C pn) 7 hia fis a

JRONOTA... Scdaze. \2 Nat: Size)

BUTHRAUPIS CHL

This species has somewhat the form of P. aperta, but wants

the transverse impressed groove seen in that species; the plates of

the gizzard, moreover, are produced at each end into long slender

processes, somewhat similar to those of P. Schreeteri, the shell of

which is very different in form.

March 28, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Gould exhibited male and female specimens of a very rare

English Duck, described in 1847 by Mr. Bartlett, under the name

of Fuligula ferinoides. The specimens exhibited were lent to Mr.

Gould by M. Van den Bergh, of Rotterdam. Mr. Gould men-

tioned, that only three instances of the occurrence of the bird in

England are on record; one of the specimens is in the collection of

J. H. Gurney, another in that of Mr. Doubleday, of Epping, and

the third in the museum of the late Earl of Derby, at Liverpool.

The following papers were then read :—

1. CHARACTERS OF SOME NEW OR IMPERFECTLY-DESCRIBED

SPECIES oF TANAGERS.

By Pururp Lutztey Scuater, M.A., F.Z.S.

(Aves, Pl. LXIV. and LXV.)

I have been collecting Tanagers for some time, with the view of

ultimately attempting a monograph of the family. But the forms in

many of the genera are so closely allied, and the limits of the family

itself at present so unsettled, that a larger collection of species, and

a much ‘greater familiarity with the subject-matter than I have yet

had time to acquire, are requisite before such a monograph can be

satisfactorily completed. Puzzling indeed to ornithologists would

seem the question, ‘‘ What is a Tanager?” as puzzling perhaps as to

political economists Sir Robert Peel’s celebrated poser, “ What is a

pound?”? My ideas on this point, that is, I mean, as to the posi-

tion and extent of the family or subfamily of Tanagers, coincide, I

believe, nearly with those of Mr. G. R. Gray.

ATanager I consider to be a dentirostral Finch—to be distinguished

from other more typical Fringillide by the presence of one or more

teeth or notches in the upper mandible (sometimes further developing

themselves into serrations, as in certain species of Huphonia and Ta-

chyphonus), and the cuimen being always more or less inflexed, never

straight. The colours of the group are generally very brilliant. They

feed on ripe fruit, some on insects, and perhaps in habits rather

resemble Sylviade than true Fringillide.

With these views, IJ keep among the Tanagers the Pityli and

Saltatores, excluded therefrom by certain modern systematists, and

retained among the Fringillide, while the whole of what may be

termed the more typical portion of the group is removed far away to

the neighbourhood of the Sylvicoline.

Now I think it will be impossible to settle these, and other families

belonging to the South American Fauna, in a really satisfactory way,

until we know much more than we do at present of the habits and

customs of the animals of that vast continent. Unfortunately those

who have hitherto written upon the ornithology of that country have

in general had too little previous scientific knowledge of the subject.

Not, of course, that this makes them less accurate observers of facts,

but only less likely to hit upon the right facts to be observed. A per-

son previously well acquainted with the varied forms of South Ameri-

can ornithology by study of the European collections, so as to know

what points required looking up, would, I have little doubt, be na

much more favourable condition for observing these animals in their

native haunts, and thereby solving many of those doubts which at

present so perplex the student of natural history. As, however, we

may perhaps have to wait some time before a determination of the

question ‘ What is a Tanager?” can be arrived at in this manner,

I propose adopting as provisional limits for the family or subfamily,

nearly those given by Mr. G. R. Gray in his ‘ Genera of Birds,’ ex-

cluding only the genera Pipilo, Embernagra, and Emberizoides, which

appear to me to go better with Zonotrichia and its allied forms. To

show the arrangement I contemplate, I have formed a list* of the

genera and species, which may perhaps be useful for collectors to

mark off their duplicates or desiderata ; though, as a mere catalogue

of names, it is, of course, of no scientific value. Some of the many

lately-furmed genera now used, I may hereafter find occasion to con-

solidate, the principle of subdivision having been carried to great

lengths in this as in other families.

My present list contains the names of 222 species, though I have

no doubt that many more remain to be discovered. These are all

believed to be real, not nominal species ; indeed I have myself seen

specimens of nearly the whole of them, and the ten or twelve I have

not personally examined I believe rest on good authority. The

names used are many of them taken from Bonaparte’s ‘ Conspectus,’

his “‘ Note sur les Tangaras” in the ‘ Rev. et Mag. de Zool.’ for 1851,

the ‘Museum Heineanum’ of Cabanis, and my own papers in Sir

William Jardine’s ‘ Contributions.’

The Tanagers are essentially a South American family. Out of

the whole 222 species, 193 are from the continent south of the Isth-

mus of Panama, and the rest mostly either from Central America or

Southern Mexico. Three or four only are peculiar to certain of the

West Indian islands, and three only, well-known members of the

genus Pyranga, extend as summer migrants into the United States of

North America. Through South America they range down to the Rio

* Tanagrarum Catalogus Specificus. Auctore Philippi Lutley Sclater. Basing-

stoke, 1854. 8vo. 16 pp.

de la Plata, but on the western coast I am not aware that they have

been observed nearly so far south. M. d’Orbigny met with but one

species* at all on the occidental slope of the Andes; Tschudi men-

tions but three or four as occurring in the vicinity of Lima, on the

coast-region of Peru.

Subjoined are the specific characters of five species occurring in

my list, of which accurate descriptions have not yet been published.

1. ARREMON AxILLARIS, Sclater. 4. supra olivaceo-viridis ;

capite atro; superciliis productis albis ; vitta verticali et cer-

vice postica cinereis : subtus niveus, lateribus cinerascentibus ;

macula utrinque cervicali vittam quasi imperfectam formante,

mentoque summo atris; remigibus rectricibusque nigricantibus :

tectricibus alarum majoribus flavo-olivaceis, minoribus et azillis

lete flavis: mandibula superiore nigra, inferiore flava: pedi-

bus clare brunneis.

Long. tota 5-2, alee 3:0, caudze 2°0 poll. Angl.

Avis junior. Semitorque collari vix conspicuo.

Hab. In Nova Grenada.

Obs. Species Arremoni semitorquato maxime affinis, sed hujus

axillis olivaceis, illius leetissime flavis.

2. RAMPHOCELUS DORSALIS, Bp. MS. 3 Coccineus: dorso

medio obscurius coccineo : alis caudaque nigris: rostro nigro,

mandibula inferiore basi lete alba.

2 Fusco-brunneus: alis caudaque nigricantibus : uropygio et

ventre toto erubescentibus : rostro brunneo.

Long. tota 7°0, ale 3°2, caude 3:2.

Hab. In imp. Brasiliensi.

Obs. R. brazilio maxime affinis at dorso medio obscurius coccineo.

I should hardly have ventured to have separated this species from

Rh. brazilius, from which it only differs, so far as I can make out, in

the patch of darker colouring in the middle of the back ; but as the

Prince Charles Bonaparte has done so, and his MS. name has

attained wide circulation on the MM. Verreaux’s labels, I think it

best to give a published description of the grounds of the alleged

specific difference. However, M. Jules Verreaux,—a good authority,

—considers the two species truly distinct, and has assured me, if I

recollect right, that he has seen and shot them both frequently at

Rio and Pernambuco.

3. Bururavpis cHLoronora, Sclater. (Pl. LXIV.) B. supra

viridis; pileo ceruleo: alis caudaque nigris, illarum tectri-

cibus minoribus ceruleis ; majoribus et secondariis viridi lim-

batis: subtus flavus, crisso saturatiore: gutture toto atro:

rostro pedibusque nigris.

* The Tanagra striata, Gm., inthe ravines of Palca in Peru, 18° S.L. M. d’Or-

bigny attributes a wide range to this species, which he says occurs besides in the

Banda Oriental, near Monte Video, at Buenos Ayres, near La Paz, and in the

provinces of Yungas, Sicasica, Cochambamba, Valle Grande, and Chiquisaca in

Bolivia. (Voy. p. 272.) But, gu@re, does he not confound with 7. striata,

Tschudi’s 7. frugilegus ?

No. CCLXVI.—Procrexpincs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Long. tota 8°8, alee 4°6, caudee 3:8.

Hab. In republ. Equatoriana.

Obs. Affinis B. eximie, sed major, dorso toto viridi nec uropygio

ceeruleo.

I have seen only one specimen of this species, which was re-

ceived by the Fréres Verreaux of Paris from Ecuador. It is closely

allied to B. eximia, but is larger in all its dimensions, nearly equalling

in size B. cucullata. Its distinguishing character is the uniform

green back, whence I have named it chloronota. I have examined

multitudes of B. eximia, and invariably found the uropygium blue.

4, EvpHonta concrinna, Sclater. (Pl. LXV. 2.)

E. hirundinacea, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 156?—

E. affinis, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 175?

E. supra nigro-violacea valde purpurascens ; pileo summo flavo :

infra gutture nigro-violaceo ; abdomine aurantio-flavo: cauda

subtus immaculate nigra.

Long. tota 3°8, alee 2°2, caude 1°4.

Hab. In Nova Grenada.

Obs. E. chlorotice similis, sed cauda subtus immaculata, fronte

latius nigro, dignoscenda.

This bird is one of the group so closely affine to ZL. chlorotica, but

may be distinguished from all of them (as E. melanura from EL. vio-

lacea and its affines) by the absence of white markings on the exterior

rectrices. The middle of the belly is also of a brighter orange tint,

and the black front is broader than in Z. chlorotica. A skin of this

species, received from the MM. Verreaux, is labelled LZ. hirundinacea,

Bp., and it is probably the species referred to by that name in the

“« Note sur les Tangaras,” Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 156. It is

not however the true FE. hirundinacea, Bp. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837,

p- 117; for on examination of the type of that species, which is now

in the Derby Museum at Liverpool (labelled Z. hirundinirostris !),

I found it coequal with the bird described by me (Cont. to Orn.

1851, p. 86) as H. laniirostris, which again is not the true laniv-

rostris of MM. de Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, but a closely allied

species, called in the Baron de Lafresnaye’s museum JZ. fortirostris.

This must, of course, for the future bear the first proposed specific

appellation Airundinacea, and will stand as follows :—

5, EUPHONIA HIRUNDINACEA, Bp. (Pl. LXV. 1.)

Euphonia hirundinacea, Bp. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 117.—E.

laniirostris, Sclater, Cont. to Orn. 1851, p. 86.—E. hirundini-

rostris, Bp. in Mus. Derb.—Z£. fortirostris, Lafr. in mus. suo.

EE, eneo-nigra : capite summo antico et corpore toto subtus flavis:

rectricibus 2 utrinque extimis late albo intus notatis: rostro

et pedibus nigris.

Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°5, caudee 1°5.

Hab. In Guatimala (Bp.) ; Chiriqué in Veragua (Kellett in Mus.

Brit.) ; Nova Grenada?

Obs. £. violacee similis, sed eneo-nigra nec purpurascens : rostro

robustiore.

April 11, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. DestriptTions or Two New Species or PucrRASI!A.

By Joun Gou.p, F.R.S. erc.

Mr. Gould having recently found in the rich stores of the Kast

India Company, at their house in Leadenhall Street, a new species

of Pheasant, of the same form but remarkably different from the

Pucras Pheasant, took the earliest opportunity, with Dr. Horsfield’s

permission, of bringing it under the notice of the Society. This fine

bird, of which two specimens have been sent to the East India Com-

pany from Kafiristan by Dr. William Griffith, may be at once recog-

nized by the uniform chestnut colouring of its mantle, breast and

flanks, which has suggested the specific name of

PUCRASIA CASTANEA.

Forehead, cheeks, chin and lengthened portion of the crest dark

shining green ; hinder part of the head and the shorter portion of the

crest dull sandy-buff, the two colours blending on the occiput ; on

each side of the neck an oval patch of white; lanceolate feathers of

the neck, both above and below, breast and flanks, deep chestnut ;

feathers of the upper part of the back black, stained with chestnut

on the outer web and margined with grey; lower part of the back

and rump grey, fading into white on the edges, and with a narrow

streak of blackish-brown down the shaft; wing-coverts dark brown,

largely edged with greyish and ashy-brown ; primaries brown on the

inner margins, cream-white on the outer ones; feathers of the lower

part of the abdomen brownish-black, edged with whitish ; under tail-

coverts chestnut, with a black line down the centre, and fringed with

white at the tip; upper tail-coverts ashy-grey, with a broad mark of

blackish-brown down the centre, but not extending to the tip; tail-

feathers black, the central ones broadly margined with grey freckled

with black, the remainder fringed with whitish at the tip ; bill black ;

feet horny-brown.

- Total length, 23 inches; wing, 93; tail, 103; tarsi, 25.

Hab. Kafiristan.

Remark.-—This species is altogether a stouter and larger bird than

Pucrasia macrolopha.

Mr. Gould further remarked that, upon a careful examination and

comparison of the Pheasants from Nepaul, which have usually been

considered as identical with the P. macrolopha, with true examples

of that species, he found them to differ so considerably, that he felt

justified in characterizing the Nepaulese birds as distinct, under the

name of

100

PucrasiA NIPALENSIS.

Forehead, cheeks, chin and lengthened portion of the crest deep

shining green ; hinder part of the head and the shorter portion of the

crest buff, with lighter shafts, the two colours blending on the occi-

put; on each side of the neck an oval spot of white ; feathers of the

sides and back of the neck and upper part of the back brownish-

black, with a narrow mark of rich chestnut down the centre, and

edged with rufous or whitish ; feathers of the lower part of the back

brownish-black, with white shafts and edges ; wing-coverts brownish-

black, with white shafts and margins; scapularies broadly margined

with deep reddish-buff; primaries brown on the internal web, deep

buff on the outer ; tertiaries pale chestnut, mottled with black along

the shaft and towards the edge, which is sandy-buff; throat, centre

of the breast and abdomen rich chestnut; flank-feathers brownish-

black with white shafts, bordered on each side by a very fine line of

chestnut, and narrowly edged with grey, the markings becoming

larger and paler behind the thigh ; under tail-coverts lively chestnut,

with an oval spot of white at the tip of each ; centre tail-feathers ru-

fous, stained with black near the shaft, the remainder black on the

inner web and at the tip, the outer webs chestnut, which colour curves

round into and occupies a portion of the internal web near the tip ;

all fringed with white at the tips; bill black; feet horny-brown.

Total length, 203 inches; wing, 83; tail, 9; tarsi, 23.

Hab. Nepaul and Bhotan.

Remark.—In size this bird is the smallest of the three species of

the genus, but it is by far the most highly coloured and beautifully

marked; the mantle, the sides of the neck and the flank-feathers

are conspicuously striated with black, chestnut and grey; the same

parts in the other species being sombre in comparison.

Specimens are contained in the collection at the British Museum,

in that of the East India Company, and, Mr. Gould believes, in that

of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris.

2. On THE REPRODUCTION OF THE LOST PART OF AN OPpER-

CULUM, AND ITS PROBABLE RESTORATION WHEN ENTIRELY

DESTROYED. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. erc.

It is to be expected that the operculum of a Gasteropodous Mollusk

may be sometimes broken or injured, but I have never hitherto been

able to find any very distinct example of the kind, so as to study how

the repair of the lost part would be effected. That such an occurrence

would most probably be rare, is easily explained from its situation,

as the operculum is protected by the last whorl of the spire of the

shell when the animal is expanded, and by the mouth when it is

contracted into the cavity of the shell.

I have lately met with a very distinct example in a specimen of

Fusus in the British Museum collection. In this specimen the apical

half of the opereulum has been broken off (see fig. 1), and the lost

part has been renewed by an irregular roundish process, nearly of

101

the size of the lost part, not quite as thick as the original portion, and

formed of rather irregular horny plates; the smaller or Fig. 1,

first-formed portion being in the centre of the broken

line, so that the restored part bears some similarity to

the annular operculum of a Paludina. This restoration

is exactly like that which would have taken place in a

shell under similar circumstances, and is a further

proof of the truth of the theory which I have long

advocated, that the operculum is a rudimentary valve,

and is homologous to the second valve of the Bivalve

Mollusks.

Tn examining two specimens of Plewrotoma babylonica, preserved

in spirits, with the opercula attached, I was much surprised to

observe that the opercula of the two specimens were exceedingly

different in structure and belonged to two distinct modifications of

that valve, one (fig. 2) being subannular, with the nucleus apical,

like the other species of the genus, and the other (fig. 3) annular,

with the nucleus subcentral, somewhat like the operculum of Paludina.

Fig. 3.

The examination of the restoration of the lost half of the operculum

of the Fusus before referred to has solved the difficulty, and I have

no doubt that one of these animals had by some accident lost its

operculum, and that it had gradually restored it ; commencing, as in

the case of the restored part of the operculum of the Fusus, by a

small nucleus in the centre of the opercular mantle, on the back of

the foot, and gradually adding new layers round the edge of it, until

it formed an annular operculum nearly of the size of the original, but

differing from it in shape, being less acute in front and nearly similar

in form at the two ends. A more minute examination has strength-

ened this theory, for the operculum of this specimen is less regularly

developed than is usual in the annular operculum of the kind, and

is much thinner than the normal operculum of the genus, as is the

case in both these particulars with the restored part of the operculum

of the Fusus.

This change in the formation of the operculum when it is repro-

duced, is just what one might have expected. The animal, when it

has to form its operculum at its birth, begins its formation at the

tip, and increases its size, as the animal requires a larger operculum

for its protection, by the addition of new layers to the outer edge of

its larger and last-formed end: but when it has to reproduce this

organ, the opercular mantle having reached a certain size, it proceeds

102

to cover its surface with a new protection in the most easy and rapid

manner, and, commencing from a more or less central spot on the

surface, enlarges the surface covered by adding new matter to the

entire circumference of the first-formed part ; it continues this process

without waiting to make the operculum as thick and solid as the one

which was lost, until it reaches the size of the original, moulding

itself on the opercular mantle, and adapting its form to the form of

the throat of the aperture of the shell which it has to close. The

change of form in the front of the restored and mended operculum

is caused by the parts being moulded on the existing opercular mantle

—consequently they have not the narrow front part which is found

in the normal form, caused by that part having been formed when

the animal had this part of a small size; and as it increases in size

the whole opercular mantle moves forward, leaving the small tip of

the operculum free, and useless to the animal, and therefore not

necessary to be reproduced when the operculum is re-formed in the

adult age of the animal.

In the British Museum collection there is also a specimen of

Cominia maculata with the operculum almost entirely reproduced,

with the same alteration of the general form and position of the

nucleus. These mended or reproduced opercula are always known

from the normal operculum of the animal by being more or less

irregularly formed and thinner in consistence.

April 25, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Notes on THE Hasits oF SOME INDIAN Birps. Part III.

By Lieut. Bureess.

Family Mervuipz.

Subfamily Timatin 2.

Genus TrmMatia.

Trmatia Matcoumi, Sykes. Larece BABsuer.

This Large Babbler, though not generally so common, I believe,

as Timalia grisea, I have shot in the Deccan in the districts near

the city of Ahmednuggur. It is gregarious in its habits, flying about

in flocks of eight or ten. It lives much on the ground, seeking its

food, which consists of grasshoppers, beetles, black and white ants,

and other insects, under large trees and hedgerows, scratching up

and turning over the dead leaves with its strong claws. It also feeds

on grain; the stomach of one which I examined contained bajocee

103

seeds and the remains of black ants, of another the remains of black

and white ants. This fact, I think, accounts for the habit of these

birds, of scratching amongst the decayed leaves round the trunks

of large trees, where both the black and white ants are sure to

be found ; indeed it is almost impossible to find a large tree with-

out a colony of the former round its roots. I am not certain whether

the nest and eggs in the Museum of the Zoological Society, marked

as those of the Greater Thimalia, belong to this bird, or to Timalia

grisea; but as I procured two or three specimens of the Large

Babbler and not one of 7. grisea, I think that there is every pro-

bability that the nest and eggs belong to this species. I believe

that birds of the genus Timalia breed twice during the year, as I

have found their nests in the months of May and October. The

nest brought to me in the month of October was found in a tuft of

high grass in a boggy piece of ground; it contained four eggs of a

uniform rich blue, 5; in. in length by nearly ;4, in. in width. The

number of eggs does not exceed four. The nest above-mentioned

was composed of coarse matted grass at the bottom, and finer bents

on the sides, lined also with bents of grass ; it was loosely put together.

There are the nest and eggs of another species of Timalia in the

Museum of the Zoological Society ; but not having put the bird off

her nest, I am unable positively to assert to what species they belong.

I believe, from the smallness of the eggs, that they probably belong

to Timalia hyperythra or T. hypoleuca; but this point requires

further investigation.

Subfamily OrroLina.

Genus Or1I0LUs.

OrioLus AuREvsS, Gmel. Inpd1AN OrntoLe or Manco Birp.

This is common in the Deccan, frequenting banian trees and topes

of mangoes, whence its name. These birds are particularly fond of the

fruit of the banian, or Indian fig; the gizzard of one which I shot

was full of the seeds of this small fig. The Indian Oriole begins to

breed in the month of June. A pair of these birds built their nest

on the small forked branches of a flowering tree in my garden at

Ahmednuggur. The nest was composed of various fibrous substances,

amongst which pieces of hemp appeared to predominate; with this

two of the branches were bound together ; some fragments of part of

a letter which had been torn up and thrown away were inserted ;

the handwriting on the paper I easily recognized as that of a lady at

the station. The nest, in its position, and in the manner in which

it was attached to the boughs, was much like that figured by Mr.

Yarrell in his work on British Birds as the nest of the Golden Oriole.

The nest, I believe, contained four eggs, of a white ground with claret-

coloured spots. This nest, with the eggs, and a pair of the old birds,

are in the possession of the Zoological Society.

104

9. Notice or A New INDIAN SwALLow.

By Freperic Moors, Assist. East Inv. Comp. Museum.

(Aves, Pl. LXIII.)

The subject that I beg to lay before the Meeting this evening, is

a new form belonging to the family Hirundinide, lately collected in

Nepal and presented to the Museum of the East India Company by

B. H. Hodgson, Esq., which is allied to, but certainly distinct from,

the genus Chelidon, and for which the following anagrammatic name

is proposed.

DELICHON (nov. gen.).

Gen. Char. Bill short, thick, robust, gape rather wide, the cul-

men rounded, the nostrils basal, lateral and rounded. Wings rather

long, with the first quill the longest. Tail short, and emarginated or

nearly even at the end. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, and clothed

with plumes. Toes long and clothed with plumes, the inner shorter

than the outer; the claws moderate and curved.

Type, D. Nipalensis, Hodgs. n. sp. (Pl. LXIII.)

Spec. Char. Top of the head, chin, cheeks, ear-coverts, nape, back,

upper and under tail-coverts, fine glossy black ; wings black, paler

beneath, the upper coverts fringed with glossy black, the under coverts

dusky black ; tail black, fringed on the external webs with glossy

black ; a band of white across the rump; throat, breast, abdomen,

lower part of flanks and vent white, upper part of flanks black ; tarsi

and toes covered with white plumes; claws pale flesh-colour ; bill

black.

Length from tip of the bill to the end of the tail, 33 inches; of

wing, 32; of tail, 12; bill to front, 3,;; to gape, ;4,; height from

chin to front, 1; breadth at front, 3,; tarse, 4; middle toe and

claw, 25; hind toe, 35.

Hab. Nepal. (No. 963. Hodgs. Catal.)

This interesting bird differs from the type of the genus Chelidon

by its smaller and more robust bill and by its shorter and even tail ;

the wings also are shorter. From the genus Cotyle it is at once di-

stinguished by its plumed feet.

3. Noticre or some New Species OF BirDS CONTAINED IN THE

Museum or THE Hon. East Inp1a Company.

By Frepreric Moors, Assist. East Inv. Comp. Museum.

Family Mervuip#, Vigors.

Subfamily Trmautna, Vigors.

Genus Pycroruis, Hodgson (1844). Chrysomma (Blyth),

Hodgson (1845).

1. Pycroruis tonerRrostRis, Hodgson.

Forehead, crown, nape, back, rump, upper tail-coverts and tail

rufous-brown, deepest on the crown, wings and tail, the last being

105

distinctly rayed; chin, throat, base of lower mandible, middle of

belly and vent white; ear-coverts, sides of the neck and breast pale

rufescent, brightening on the flanks, thighs and under tail-coverts ;

under wing-coverts also rufescent ; bill black, yellowish beneath at

base ; legs pale horny.

Length, 83 inches ; of wing, 23; tail, 31; bill to frontal plumes, 2;

to gape, 1 inch ; height from chin to front, ;2,; tarse, 1 inch ; middle

toe and claw, 1,*;; central and lateral ditto, ;4,; hind ditto, =%.

Hab. Nepal. (No. 892. Hodgs. Catal.)

This bird may be distinguished from Pyct. sinensis (better known

under the name of Timalia hypoleuca) by its larger size, by the

lengthened bill, the rufescent colour of the under parts, and by the

absence of white before the eye. It may possibly be the species no-

ticed by Mr. I. W. Frith, in the ‘ Journ. As. Soc. Beng.’ xii. p. 370,

as being found in Bengal, which he states ‘differs from the common

species in being about half larger.”

I may here notice, in connexion with this genus, that Mr. Hodg-

son, in ‘Proc. Zool. Soc.’ 1845, p. 24, refers his genus Pyctorhis only

to sinensis, and not to the bird named rujifrons, which is there

described as an Actinodura, it being synonymous with the species

previously described by Mr. Gould under the name of Actinodura

Egerton.

Family Syiviap4, Vigors.

Subfamily Syzvrana, Vigors.

Genus Horeires, Hodgson.

2. HorerrEes mAsor, Hodgson.

Above olive-brown, ruddier on the wings ; tail rounded, more of a

dusky-brown, with the outer webs fringed with olive-brown ; cap red-

brown; a yellowish-ferruginous superciliary streak, extending over

the ear-coverts ; upper part of the latter ruddy-brown, lower ashy ;

throat, sides of neck, centre of breast and abdomen ashy-white ; sides

of the breast and flanks olive-brown; bill dark horn-colour, yel-

lowish at base beneath ; feet also yellowish.

Length, 5 inches ; of wing, 24; tail, 22;, outer feather 1 an inch

shorter than the middle; bill to front, 2; to gape, £; tarsus, 5%;

middle toe and claw, 545; inner ditto, ;5,; outer ditto rather more than

4 an inch.

» Hab. Nepal. (No. 946. Hodgs. Catal.)

This species may easily be distinguished by its greater size,

and larger bill, the wings being much longer, though rounded as in

the other species, and by the nearly total absence of ash-colour on

the under parts ; the feet also are much longer and stronger.

106

Genus Asrornis, Hodgson.

3. Aprornis PoLiocEnys, Blyth.

Culicipeta poliogenys, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. xvi. p. 441 (1847).

Rhipidura poliogenys, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, iii. App. p. 12.

Hab. Darjeeling, Nepal. (No. 920. Hodgs. Catal.)

Head and nape, base of lower mandible and ear-coverts dark ash-

grey, the loral feathers tipped with greyish-white ; round the eye a

clear white ring ; back, rump and shoulders bright olive-green ; wings

dusky black, margined with olive-green, the greater coverts tipped

with whitish-yellow ; throat greyish-white, the rest of the under parts

clear yellow; tail dusky on the six central feathers, which are mar-

gined with olive-green, the three outer being greenish-dusky on the

terminal half of the outer web, the basal half with the whole of the

inner web being white ; upper mandible blackish horn-colour, lower

yellowish ; feet yellowish horn-colour.

Length about 4+ inches; of wing, 2 inches; tail, 1}; bill to

front, ;3,; to gape, an inch; and tarse the same.

“This species is nearly allied to Abrornis xanthoschistos, Hodgs.,

from which it differs in having the cheeks and ear-coverts, with the

feathers commencing from the base of the lower mandible, of the

same ash-grey colour as the head, and the throat greyish-white, in-

stead of these parts being bright yellow as in that species.”

4. ABRORNIS AFFINIS, Hodgson +.

This species is closely allied to 4. poliogenys, but differs from it in

having the lores, base of lower mandible, lower portion of the ear-

coverts, and the chin and throat, the same bright yellow as the rest of

the under parts; the feathers of the crown are pale shafted, which

is not the case in poliogenys; the tail is pale dusky, the two outer

feathers only being white on the apical portion of the imner web, the

basal portion of which is dusky ; the outer web in both is pale dusky

green ; the other ten are fringed with greenish on the outer web. The

wing in affinis is a quarter of an inch longer, but has the same mark-

ings; the tarsus is also longer by a tenth of an inch. Other charac-

ters agree in both species. The bill in this and poliogenys is broader

than in A. wanthoschistos, Hodgson.

Hab. Nepal. (No. 920*. Hodgs. Catal.)

5. ABRORNIS ALBOGULARIS, Hodgson.

Forehead, lores, over and under the eyes to nape, and ear-coverts

brightish ferruginous, the crown being dusky ferruginous, passing

to yellowish olive-green on the back and shoulders; the rump

yellowish ; wings black, margined with the colour of the back; tail

pale dusky greenish, edged exteriorly throughout with yellowish-

green; throat and base of lower mandible white, the feathers black

at base; breast bright yellow; abdomen white, vent yellowish ; bill

+ No. 920*, to distinguish it from 920 of Mr. Hodgson’s Catalogue.

107

horny, paler beneath; feet pale horny ; the rictorial bristles black,

strong, nearly as long as the bill.

Length, 3} inches; of wing, 13; the first quill 3 an inch shorter

than the second ; third ;4,ths longer than the first ; fourth, fifth and

sixth nearly equal, the fifth being the longest ; tail, 13 inch; bill to

frontal plumes, ;3,; to gape, ;4; tarsus, ;>; middle toe and claw, 3%;

hind ditto, 3; tarsus and hind claw strong.

Hab. Nepal. (No. 936. Hodgson’s Catal.)

4, On Runcina Hancock.

By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. etc.

When in company with Mr. William Thompson, I observed Run-

cina Hancocki in considerable abundance in the pools left between

the rocks at low tide in Belmont Cove, Weymouth, but only on the

tufts of Hypnea purpurascens which were infested with Diatomacee,

which induces me to believe that they feed on these parasitic plants.

I brought several of them to London, and have since sent some to

Mr. Alder, who verified the determination. Messrs. Alder and

Hancock (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xviii. 289. t. 4), when they

first described the animal, referred it to the genus Limapontia,

order Inferobranchiata. Mr. Edward Forbes (Brit. Moll. ii. 611.

t. CCC) formed it into a genus, placed provisionally at the end

of the Kolidide, observing that in all probability it represented a

distinct family.

The examination I have been able to bestow on the animal induces

me to agree with Mr. Forbes on this point, and I should be inclined

to arrange the Runcinide in theorder Pleurobranchiata, near Bullide

and Pleurobranchide. It has the armed gizzard and the gills of Aply-

siade. To the excellent description of Messrs. Alder and Hancock,

I may add, that the tongue-membrane is covered with three longitu-

dinal series of large transparent teeth, like that of some of the Bullide.

The central tooth is broad, transverse, with the upper edge reflexed,

notched in the middle, and with three unequal denticles on each side

of the middle line. The lateral teeth are rather large, versatile, conic,

arched, compressed, with an acute tip. The prehensile collar is

horny, large, rugose, with roundish tubercles. I am somewhat

inclined to consider the front part of the back, enclosing the eyes,

which are rather bent up on the sides and separated from the other

part of the back bya paler colour, as the frontal lobe of the Bullida,

which is united at this paler part to the true mantle, giving the ani-

mal the appearance of having a single oblong shield-like mantle.

The mantle is very hard and tough, but without any appearance of

a shell or of spicula.

108

5. On THE Genus MopIoLaRca.

By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., P.B.S., V.P.Z.S. Erc.

In the Synopsis of the British Museum for 1840, pp. 144, 155,

I established a family of bivalve shells under the name of Crenellide,

for the genera Crenella and Modiolarca, taking the character of the

family from the animal of Modiola trapezina, the type of the genus

Modiolarea, the only one that had then come under my examination.

The following were the characters given :—

«The family of Crenellide chiefly differs from the former (Myti-

lide) in the mantle lobes being united together so as to leave only

two posterior holes for the entrance and exit of the water, and a slit

for the foot and beard. The hinge-margin is denticulated at each

end, and the umbo is nearly central.”

Shortly after, Mr. Alder described the animal of the British Cre-

nella undulata, and found that the mantle was nearly as much open

as that of the Modiole, and complained of the inaccuracy of the

description ; the fact beg, that the two genera had very different

animals, and that Crenella had been wrongly referred to the group,

and taken as the patronymic of it.

I have lately had an opportunity of verifying my description of

the animal of Modiolarea, and find that it exactly agrees with the

above character, and that it has a very peculiar-formed foot, most

resembling that found in some drcide, which caused me to call the

genus Modiolarca*.

The following is a more particular description of the animal of the

oe, which must be considered as the type of a peculiar family,

calle

Mopi1oLaRcaD®.

Crenellide, Gray, 1840.

Genus Mopiotarca, Gray, 1840.

Mantle lobes united. Siphonal apertures two, distinct ; anal mo-

derate ; branchial very large, inferior, simple edged ; pedal aperture

small, basal, subanterior. Gills four, thick, dependent, subtrigonal,

truncated in front, narrow, produced and united together behind.

Lips four, moderate. Palpi obsolete. Foot oblong, base truncated,

lower end lanceolate, acute in front, with a subposterior, central cavity

for the byssus.

Shell equivalve, oblong, thin; umbo subanterior. Hinge-teeth

none, or rudimentary. Cartilage linear, external. Periostraca

polished, hard.

The animal lives attached to floating sea-weed.

Modiolarca trapezinat=Modiola trapezina, Lamk. Hist. A. s. V.

n. 17. ed. 2. vii. 24; Delessert, Icon. t. 13. fig. 7; Hanley, Cat. Re-

cent Shells, 237.

* Two genera have been made out of this word. Dr. Beck when in this

country made a note that I had called the genus Modiolarca; but he appeared to

have read it Modiolaria, and that name has been used for it. The latter name

is now chiefly used for the more oblong Crenelle.

+ Since the above was read, I find that M. Valenciennes has considered this shell

as the type of a new genus, Phascolicama (see Gay’s Chili, 1854); and Mr. Gould

has, more lately, formed a genus for it, under the name of Gaimarda.—J, E. Gray.

‘

J.Wolf: lith M &N. Hanhart, iy

we,

panne

GEE, Yeu!

109

May 9, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Description or A New Species or Hummine Birp,

FROM Quiyos. By Joun Gou.p, F.R.S. erc.

Mr. Gould exhibited a Humming Bird, lately received from Quijos,

which is very nearly allied to Threnetes leucurus, but which differs

from that species in its larger size, and in having those parts of the

tail-feathers of a deep fawn-coloured hue which are white in 7’. lew-

curus; precisely, in fact, the difference which occurs between La-

fresnaya flavicaudata and L. Gayi. For this bird Mr. Gould pro-

posed the name of

THRENETES CERVINICAUDA.

Head, all the upper surface, upper wing-coverts, two central tail-

feathers, sides of the neck, breast and flanks shining olive-green ;

wings purplish-brown ; lateral tail-feathers deep fawn-colour, stained

on the apical half of the outer margin and the tip of the outer feather

with dark brown; a crescent of the same, but of a much paler hue,

at the tip of the next; a still fainter mark of the same colour near

the tip of the external web of the third; and a nearly obsolete mark,

of a similar tint, in the same situation on the fourth; lores and ear-

coverts brown; on the chin and throat a lengthened triangular mark

of black, bounded on either side by a narrow line of greyish-white,

and below by a broad band of deep sandy-buff crossing the throat ;

centre of the abdomen greyish-buff ; under tail-coverts olive, narrowly

edged with greyish-buff; bill black, with the cutting edge of the

upper mandible and the basal three-fourths of the under one pearly-

white ; feet yellow.

Total length, 4% inches; bill, 1,4; wing, 23; tail, 1}.

Hab. Quijos, in Ecuador.

2. List or A CotLectiIon or Birps RECEIVED BY Mr. Govu_p,

FROM THE PROVINCE OF Qu1sJ0S IN THE REPUBLIC OF

Ecuapor. By Puainie Luriey Scuater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. LXVI. and LXVII.)

Among the many novelties in ornithology lately received by

Mr. Gould from different parts of the world, is a small but valuable

collection of birds from the province of Quixos, or Quijos, in the

republic of Ecuador. This country, which lies on the eastern slope of

the Andes, where the Rio Napo and other adjoining tributaries of the

mighty Amazon take their rise, is a very interesting locality to those

who study South American ornithology, being intermediate between

110

New Grenada—wheuce so many new forms have lately been sent to

Europe—on the one side, and the wood regions of Peru and Bolivia,

where Von Tschudi and D’Orbigny pursued their laborious researches

in natural history, on the other.

Mr. Gould having most liberally placed this collection in my hands

for examination, I have drawn up a complete list of the species as far

as I can determine them satisfactorily, in order to show the character

of the ornithology of this country—observing that Mr. Gould is ex-

pecting fresh consignments from the same quarter, which will doubt-

less much further increase our knowledge of the fauna of this highly

interesting region.

HiruNDINIDZ.

1. Acanthylis albicollis (Vieill.).

Hirundo albicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. 524 (1817).

Hirundo collaris, Wied, Reise nach Bras. i. p. 75 (1820), et

Beit. z. Nat. iii. p. 344.

Acanthylis collaris, Gray’s Gen. i. p. 55. sp. 6.

This fine spine-tailed Swift seems generally distributed over the

northern portion of the continent. It was observed by Prince Max.

of Neuwied in many provinces of Brazil, by Schomburgk in British

Guiana, and Sir William Jardine has examples transmitted by Profesor

Jameson from the vicinity of Quito. Mr. Gosse has recorded its ap-

pearance in Jamaica.

TROGONIDZ.

2. Trogon melanopterus, Sw. (Gould’s Mon. pl. 10, 11).

3. Calurus auriceps, Gould.

BucconiD&.

. Bueco macrorhynchus, Gm.

. Bucco collaris, Lath.

. Malacoptila fusca (Gm.).

Dore

GALBULIDZ.

7. GALBULA CHALCOTHORAX, Sclater, sp. nov.

G. lete cupreo-viridis ; capite cerulescente ; pectore lete violaceo ;

macula gulari triangulart alba: ventris plumis basi nigrican-

tibus, apice albis; rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota 83, alee 3°3, caudze 3°5, rostri 1°5.

Obs. Similis G. leucogastre, sed major et pectore violaceo-cupres-

cente.

This is an immature bird of a species closely resembling @. leuco-

gastra, but of larger size and with a bright violet or purple tinge on

the breast, which does not appear in examples of the older species.

Cc@REBINZ.

8. Dacnis cayana (L.) (Pl. Enl. 669. fig. 1).

9. Daenis angelica, De Fil. (Pl. Enl. 669. fig. 2).

10. Daenis atricapilla (V.).

111

TROCHILIDE.

Mr. Gould has himself determined the species of Trochilide that

occur in the present collection, as also the Trogons and Toucans.

11. Phaéthornis striigularis, Gould (Mon. Trochil. viii. pl. 15).

A new species allied to P. intermedia.

12. Phaéthornis superciliosus (Linn.) ?

13. Threnetes cervinicauda, Gould. _

A new species resembling 7. Jeucurus, but with the tail-feathers

fawn-coloured where they are white in the other species (see p. 109).

14. Thalurania viridipectus, Gould.

15. Chrysuronia cenone (Lesson).

16. Lolema Schreibersi (Bourc.).

Mr. Gould has made a new generic name for this bird, which has

been placed by Prince Charles Bonaparte in his ‘ Conspectus Trochi-

lorum’ among the Campylopteri.

17. Celigena typica, Bp.

18. Gouldia Langsdorfi (Vieill.).

DENDROCOLAPTINE.

19. Xiphorhynchus procurvus (Temm.) (Pl. Col. 28. fig. 4).

20. Dendrornis guttata (Licht.).

Nasica guttatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 385.

These are both Brazilian forms.

MENURINZ.

21. Scytalopus griseicollis (Lafr.).

Merulazis griseicollis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 103.

A Bogota bird.

MNIOTILTINZ.

22. Setophaga ruticilla (L.).

This North American species is one of the few Passeres of that

country that extend all through Central America into the northern

portions of the southern continent. It is included by Schomburgk

among the birds of British Guiana.

23. Myiodioctes canadensis (L.).

Described from Bogota by the Baron de la Fresnaye as a new spe-

cies under the name of Setophaga nigrocincta (Rev. Zool. 1843,

p. 292), but, as afterwards acknowledged by the same author, quite

identical with North American specimens.

24. Sylvicola Blackburnie, juv.

Also a common U. S. species.

TURDINE.

25. Turdus minimus, Lafr. (Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 5).

The Prince Charles Bonaparte has reunited this bird to the minor

of the U. S., from which M. de la Fresnaye considered it distinct.

112

ForMICARIINE.

26. Thamnophilus stellaris, Spix ? (Av. Bras.ii. p. 27. pl. 36. fig.2).

3 cinereus : pileo dorsoque summo et medio nigris, hujus pennis

basi niveis : alarum tectricibus apice maculis rotundis, albis.

9 supra pallide cinereus : subtus brunneus, lateribus cinerascen-

tibus : alis externe rufis.

Long. tota 5-2, ale 3:0, caudee 1°6.

This is a typical Thamnophilus with a strong thick bill. There are

several examples of it in the Paris Museum in different states of plu-

mage, and it was from examining them that I was enabled to decide

that the female above described (which is in my own collection)

belongs to this species.

27. Cymbilanius lineatus (Leach), ¢ & ¢.

28. Formicivora cerulescens (Vieill.), Menetr. Mon. t.6. fig. 1 & 2.

p- 499 (?).

29. Pyriglena quixensis (Cornalia).

Thamnophilus quivensis, Corn. Vert. Syn. p. 12*.

P. atra, abdomine cinerascente : tectricibus alarum maculis rotun-

dis, albis terminatis: dorsi plumis lawis, elongatis, basi albis :

rectricibus apice albis.

Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°1.

30. Pyriglena rufiventris (Cornalia).

Thamnophilus rufiventris, Corn. Vert. Syn. p. 12.

P. atra, abdomine lete castaneo : alarum tectricibus maculis ro-

tundis, albis terminatis : dorsi plumis laxis, elongatis, basi albis :

rectricibus graduatis, harum extimis apice albis ; rostro pedi-

busque nigris.

Long. tota 4°5, alee 2-1, caudee 2°0.

I have little doubt that I have correctly referred these two birds

to the species described by Dr. Cornalia, the types of which I had

an opportunity of examining through his kindness when last at

Milan. Although they closely resemble one another, except in the

colouring of the belly, there is so much difference in the form of the

bill in the two specimens in this collection, that I think it hardly pos-

sible that, as suggested by Dr. Cornalia, the variations between them

can be due to age or sex, and I believe them distinct though nearly

allied species. I have placed them in the genus Pyriglena, with the

type of which, P. domicella, they agree in several respects ; particu-

larly in the lax and elongated feathering of the lower back—a curious

structure occurring in several groups of birds, Pycnonotus, Philen-

toma, &c., and which has not yet, as far as I am aware, been fully

explained. In this same genus I should also place that peculiar form,

the Myiothera nudiceps of Cassin (Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1850, p. 106),

* Dr. Cornalia’s paper, which is little known in this country, is entitled ‘ Ver-

tebratorum Synopsis in Museo Mediolanense exstantium qu per novam orbem

Caietanus Osculati collegit annis 1846, 47, 48 speciebus novis vel minus cognitis

adjectis necnon descriptionibus atque iconibus illustratis : Modoetiz 1849.”

113

Pyriglena nudiceps, mihi, of which Mr. Gould has a specimen from

Panama, and the MM. Verreaux have lately received examples from

Santa Martha in New Grenada,

There are several other birds of this family in the collection that I

cannot make out. A modern monograph of the group would be a

great addition to our knowledge of South American ornithology.

31. Conopophaga aurita (Linn.) (Pl. Enl. 822).

Agrees with Cayenne specimens.

TYRANNINE.

32. Pyrocephalus rubineus (Bodd.), Pl. Enl. 675. fig. 1.

33. Todirostrum 2, ,

34. TyRANNULA PHa@NIcURA, Sclater, sp. nov. (Pl. LXVI. 1).

T. flavo-olivacea: dorso imo et ventre flavissimis: capite nigro-

cinerascente, crista media flava utrinque nigra : fronte lorisque

albis : gula cinerea : alis nigricantibus, tectricibus majoribus et

secondariis rufescente limbatis : cauda unicolore clare rufa.

Long. tota 4:0, alee 2°5, caudee 1°7.

Obs.—Similis T. ornate, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 57,

(Pl. LXVI. 2), sed cauda clare rufa et secondariis rufescente margi-

natis sane diversa.

35. Elania cayennensis (Linn.).

TZNIOPTERINE.

36. Copurus filicauda (Spix).

TITYRINZ.

37. Tityra marginata (Licht.).

AMPELID.

38. Pipreola Sclateri (Cornalia).

Euchlornis Sclatert, Corn. Jard. Cont. to Orn. 1852, p. 133.

pl. 101; Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 104. pl. 4.

Dr. Cornalia, to whom I owe many thanks for the honour he has

done me in calling this elegant bird after my name, rightly insists on

the claims of priority of De Filippi’s genus Euchlornis over Lafres-

naye’s Pyrrhorhynchus. But both these names must, I think, give

way to Swainson’s term Pipreola, established in 1838 (Animals in

Menag. p. 357), the type of which, his P. chlorolepidota, seems

closely allied to D’Orbigny’s Ampelis viridis. I was rejoiced to see

this bird in the present collection, as it clears up a mystery about

its habitat, which Dr. Cornalia supposed to be Peru or Bolivia. But

I have now no doubt that the type specimen in the Museo Civico at

Milan, which is the only other I have seen, came, as the present,

from the province of Quixos, and was probably collected there by

the enterprising Italian traveller Osculati.

39. Pipreola Riefferi (Boiss.).

Ampelis Riefferi, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 3.

No. CCLXVII.—Procrepinés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

114

40. Laniisoma arcuatum, Swains.

This generic name of Swainson’s must be used as prior by several

years to Ptilochloris of the same author. M. de la Fresnaye has re-

cently reunited his Ptilochloris remigialis to the type species arcuata,

but I am sure that there are two birds confounded under this name,

though I have not yet seen enough specimens to enable me to distin-

guish them accurately. The P. rufo-olivaceus and virescens of La-

fresnaye, described in the Revue Zoologique, 1838, p. 238, do not, I

think, belong strictly to this genus. They have both been pre-

viously named by Prince Maximilian of Neuwied, the first as Muscicapa

turdina, Beit. ii. 817, the second as Muscicapa virescens, ib. p. 802.

41. Pipra Isidori, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 9;

Cont. to Orn. 1852, pl. 100. fig. 1. p. 132.

42. Pipra coronata, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 7. fig. 1.

(P. cyaneocapilla, Hahn. P. herbacea, Spix, ii. pl. 8 a. fig. 1 2 .)

I believe Spix’s name is prior to Hahn’s. The Pipra herbacea of

the former (of which I have seen the type in the Munich Museum) is

certainly a female of this species.

43. Pipra leucocilla, Linn.

44. Chiromacheris gutturosa (Desm,) Tang. & Man. pl. 58.

I have my doubts whether this bird is really separable from Pipra

manacus, as made out in Bp.’s Consp. p. 171.

GARRULINZ.

45. Cyanocorax yneas, Bodd. (Pl. Enl. 625. Corvus yncas, Bodd.,

Corvus peruvianus, Gm.).

STURNIDZ.

46. Cacicus persicus (L.).

47. Gymnomystax mexicanus (Linn.) (Bp. Consp. p. 431).

TANAGRINE.

48. ARREMON SPECTABILIS, Sclater, sp. nov. (Pl. LX VII.)

A. supra aurescenti-olivaceus: capite nigro, vitta verticali cinerea :

superciliis albis : axillis letissime croceis: subtus albus ; mento

summo et torque gutturali ngris; lateribus cinerascentibus ;

rostro flavo.

Long. tota 5°8, alee 2°8, caudee 2°5.

This beautiful 4rzemon appears to me to be quite new. It comes

nearest perhaps to the 4. aurantiirostris of Lafr. (Des Murs, Icon.

Orn. pl. 55), but that has a very broad pectoral band, this a narrow

one. Besides, the deep saffron, almost chestnut colour of the bend of

the wing is of itself sufficient to distinguish it from all the other

species of the genus.

A second example of this bird is in a collection lately received by

Sir William Jardine from the same locality.

wk ted

115

49. Pyranga ?

A bad skin of a female or dentate bird.

50. Ramphocelus 2

A female of one of the species allied to R. jacapa.

51. Tachyphonus luctuosus, D’Orb. & Lafr.

52. Tanagra ceelestis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 42. pl. 55. fig. 2.

Readily distinguished from the other Bishop Tanagers by the silky

white bar across the wing. A rare bird in collections. In the Paris

museum are examples collected by MM. Castelnau and Deville at

Pontobamba in June 1847.

53. Calliste Parzudakii (Lafr.).

54. Calliste Schranki (Spix).

55. Calliste xanthogastra, Sclater.

56. Calliste gyroloides (Lafr.) 2.

57. Calliste cyanicollis (D’Orb. & Lafr.).

58. Calliste thalassina (Strickl.).

59. Calliste xanthocephala (Tsch.).

60. Euphonia xanthogastra, Sund.

CaPITONID.

61. Eubucco Bourcieri (Lafr.).

62. Eubuecco Hartlaubi (Lafr.).

63. Capito peruvianus (Cuv.).

CucuLip2£.

64. Piaya cayana (Linn.) (Pl. Enl. 211).

PSITTACIDE.

65. Psittacula passerina, Spix ?

Agrees with Bogota specimens.

RAMPHASTID.

66. Pteroglossus castanotis, Gould.

67. Pteroglossus flavirostris, Fraser.

68. Andigena nigrirostris, Waterhouse.

RALuipz&.

69. Corethrura cayennensis (Gm.) (Pl. Enl. 368).

116

May 23, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. NoTIceE OF ALL THE KNOWN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ACCEN-

TOR, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF AN UNCHARACTERIZED SPECIES

From Nepau. By Freperic Moore, Assist. Mus. East

Inp1a Company.

Family Syiviap2, Vigors.

Subfamily AccenTortina, Vigors.

Genus AccenTor, Bechstein.

1. ACCENTOR ALPINUS, Gmelin.

Motacilla alpina, Gmel. 8. N. L. i. p. 957.

Sturnus moritanus, Gmel. 8. N. L. i. p. 804.

Sturnus collaris, Scop. Ann.i. p. 131. no. 192. Gmel. S. N. L. i.

p- 805. Lath. Ind. Or. i. p. 323.

Accentor alpinus, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. ii. p. 700. Eyton,

Cat. Brit. B. p. 13. Macgill, Hist. Brit. B. i. p. 258. Gould,

Birds of Eur. t. 99. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 187 ; Catal.

Brit. B. in B. M. p. 64. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 130.

Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 305.

Le Fauvette des Alpes, Buffon.

The Alpine Accentor, Eyton; Yarrell.

Hab, Europe.

2. ACCENTOR NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.

Accentor nipalensis, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 958 (1843) ;

Gray’s Zool. Misc. 1844, p. 83; P. Z. S. 1845, p. 34; Cat. B. of

Nepal, p. 71. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 187. Blyth, J. A.

S. Beng. xv. p. 42. Bonap. C. Gen. Av. p. 305.

Accentor cacharensis, Hodgs. P. Z. 8. 1845, p. 34.

The Nepal Accentor, Gray.

Hab. Nepal.

A. nipalensis.—* Newly-moulted adults have the upper parts nearly

as in A. modularis, but the dark colour predominating, and the stria-

tion of the head and neck obsolete, or nearly so, these parts, with the

ear-coverts and breast being of an almost uniform dark brownish-

grey; throat white, spotted with dusky-black, which forms two

cross-bars on each feather, their extreme tips being greyish ; belly

and flanks bright dark ferruginous, mingled with the hue of the

breast along the middle of the former; under tail-coverts dusky,

tinged with ferruginous, and laterally margined with white; the

feathers of the back are greyish-brown, with broad dark centres, or they

may be described as blackish, with brown lateral margins, tinged with

ferruginous towards and upon the scapularies ; wings dusky-black, the

117

tertiaries broadly margined with ferruginous, the other large alars

slightly so, and all having a spot of this colour at the extremity of

their outer edge ; wing-coverts having a white spot at the tip of

their exterior webs, and the small feathers near the bend of the wing

coloured like the head; tail brownish-black, tipped with brown, the

terminal spot of the inner web of each feather successively more

albescent to the outermost ; upper tail-coverts long, and brown with

a dark central streak ; bill dusky, the lower mandible yellow except

at tip ; legs reddish-brown. In worn plumage, the margins of all

the feathers have more or less disappeared, and what remains of

them is faded in hue; the conspicuous white spots on the wing-

coverts, and ferruginous margins of the tertiaries, being completely

abraded, the former leaving a semicircular sinus, as if artificially cut

away. The young have the clothing plumage of the usual flimsy

texture, the under parts coloured like the back, with no ferruginous

on the belly, the spots on the wing-coverts are larger and less purely

white; and the ferruginous on the scapularies and wing-coverts

dingy.”

Length about 7 inches ; of wing 33 inches; tail 23; bill to gape

eths ; and tarse 13ths of an inch.

This species appears to represent 4. alpinus on the Kachar region

of Nepal.

3. ACCENTOR VARIEGATUS, Blyth,

Accentor himalayanus*, Blyth J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 187.

Accentor variegatus, Blyth, J. A. S, Beng. xii. p. 958 (1843) ;

Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 131. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i.

p- 187. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 305.

Accentor alpinus, Vieill, Gall. des Ois. t. 156 (nec Gmel.).

The Variegated Accentor.

Hab. Sikim ; Kasouli; Nepal (No. 964, Hodgson’s Catalogue).

A. variegatus.—* Forehead, crown, occiput, neck, shoulder of the

wings, and rump dingy grey-brown, with an inconspicuous lighter

greyish eye-streak ; throat and fore-neck white, with small round

spots disposed as in alpinus ; ear-coverts streaked with fulvescent, and

small loral and infra-orbital feathers tipped with fulvous-white ; gorget

brown, more or less tinged with rufous, which latter brightens on the

lower breast, flanks, and sides of the belly, the feathers being laterally

edged with white, and some having dark streaks on the flanks pos-

teriorly ; lower tail-coverts white, with lanceolate central dusky spots ;

wings intricately mottled, having the anterior range of coverts dusky-

black with white tips, the next or great range fulvescent-grey

exteriorly at base, and dusky-black for the remainder with slight

whitish tips; primaries edged with grey, secondaries with brown,

and tertiaries with fulvous ; scapularies and interscapularies rufous-

brown, mottled with large black terminal spots on the middle of each

feather ; tail dusky, having a large white spot at the tip of the inner

web of each feather ; bill black ; legs pale reddish.”

* This name was changed to variegatus by Mr. Blyth, as the other Indian

species of this genus are also found in the Himalayas.

118

4. AccENTOR MODULARIS, Linn.

Motacilla modularis, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 329.

Accentor modularis, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. iii. p. 617. Eyton,

Cat. Brit. B. p. 13. Macgill. Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 251. Gould, B.

of Eur. t. 100. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 187; Catal. Brit.

B. in B. M. p. 65.

Sylvia modularis, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 511; Gen. Hist. vii.

. 20.

‘i Tharrhaleus modularis, Kaup. Naturl. Syst. i. p. 137.

The Hedge decentor. Selby. Yarrell.

Hab. Kurope.

5. ACCENTOR RUBIDUS, Temm. et Schlegel.

Accentor rubidus, Temm. et Schleg. Faun. Japon. Av. p. 69. t. 32.

Bonap. C. G, Av. p. 305.

The Japan Accentor.

Hab. Japan.

This species is closely allied to the common A. modularis, Linn.

6. ACCENTOR MONTANELUUS, Pallas.

Motacilla montanella, Pallas, It. iii. p. 695. Gmel. 8S. N. L. i.

. 968.

3 Accentor montanellus, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. iii. Temm.

Man. d’Orn. ii. ed. p. 251. Lath. Gen. Hist. vi. p. 15. Eyton,

Cat. Brit. B. p. 13. Macgill. Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 251. Gould,

Birds of Eur. t. 101. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 187.

Sylvia montanella, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 526; Gen. Hist. vii.

p. 90.

Spermolegus montanellus, Kaup. Naturl. Syst. i. p. 152.

? Aecentor Temminckii, Brandt. Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb.

The Mountain Accentor. Gould.

Hab. Kastern portions of Europe and Asia.

7. ACCENTOR RUBECULOIDES, Hodgson, n. sp.

Accentor rubeculoides.—Forehead, crown, nape, ear-coverts and

chin brown ; infra-orbital feathers tipped with whitish ; throat, sides

of neck, and shoulder of wings dingy grey-brown, the feathers of the

throat blackish at base; back and rump ferruginous, centred with

dusky ; wings dusky, margined exteriorly with ferruginous ; lesser

and greater wing-coverts tipped with white; tail dusky, margined

exteriorly with pale ferruginous ; breast and fore part of flanks ferru-

ginous, the latter streaked with dusky ; belly white, tinged with fer-

ruginous on the flanks posteriorly, vent, and margins of the under

tail-coverts; the latter centred dusky. Bill blackish; feet pale

reddish.

Length 6 inches ; of wing 3; tail 23; bill to front 4,ths; to gape

+ inch ; tarse 3.

The Robin Accenfor.

Hab. Nepal (No. 970, Hodgson’s Catalogue).

119

This fine undescribed species was lately presented by B. H. Hodg-

son, Esq., to the Museum of the Hon. East India Company.

8. AccENTOR sTROPHIATUS, Hodgson.

Accentor strophiatus, Hodgs. J. A. 8. Beng. xii. p. 959; Gray’s

Zool. Misc. 1844, p. 83; P. Z. S. 1845, p. 34; Cat. B. of Nepal,

p- 72. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 187. t. 51. Blyth, Cat.

B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 131. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 305.

The rufous-breasted Accentor, Gray.

Hab. Himalayas.

A, strophiatus.—“ Upper parts much as in 4. modularis, but the

colours brighter and more contrasted, and the crown and neck uni-

form with the back ; a broad eye-streak, the first of which is white

to beyond the eye, surmounting a ferruginous streak continued back-

ward to the occiput ; a semicircle of the same surrounds the dusky

ear-coverts, and the entire breast is also ferruginous ; throat white,

with dusky spots, forming a line descending from each angle of the

lower mandible; belly and lower tail-coverts white with dusky streaks ;

wing-feathers dusky, margined with ferruginous, with an albescent

spot at the tip of each covert; tail brownish, with dull rufous outer

margins ; bill black ; legs reddish-brown.”

Length about 54 inches; of wing 21 to 21; tail 21 to 21; bill to

gape 3ths; and tarse +3ths of an inch.

9. ACCENTOR IMMACULATUS, Hodgson.

Accentor immaculatus, v. nipalensis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc.

1844, p. 83; P. Z. S. 1845, p. 34; Cat. B. of Nepal, p. 71 et

App. p. 153.

Accentor mollis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xiv. p. 581 (1845); Cat.

B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 131. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, ili. App.

p- 8.. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 306.

The unspotted Accentor.

Hab. Nepal; Sikim.

A. immaculatus.— Upper parts a rich brown, passing into pure

dark ash-colour on the head and neck, and into maroon on the

seapularies and tertiaries, and less deeply on the hind part of the

back ; coverts of the secondaries pure dark-grey, those of the pri-

maries, with the winglet black, as also the primaries, these last having

their unemarginated portion externally bordered with pale-grey ; tail

greyish dusky; frontal feathers to above the eyes margined with

white, the lores blackish, and the entire under parts slightly em-

browned deep ash-colour as far as the vent, which is pale and tinged

with ferruginous, the under tail-coverts being deeper ferruginous, and

the hind portion of the flanks dark ferruginous ; bill blackish ; feet

fleshy grey ; iris straw-colour.”

Length about 6 inches; tail 21; wing 31; bill to frontal feathers

zsths ; and tarse 3 of an inch.

10. Accentor Hurront, Moore.

Accentor atrogularis, Hutton (nec Brandt ?), J. A. S. Beng. xviii.

120

p- 811 (1849). Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 131. Bonap.

C. G. Av. p. 305.

Hutton’s Accentor.

Hab. Simla; Afghanistan. In Mus. East Ind. Company.

A. Huttoni.—‘ General colour above brown, the feathers centred

dusky, more rufescent on the back, greyer on the nape, rump and

upper tail-coverts ; crown darker; a broad line above the superciliar

streak, with the ear-coverts and throat dusky-black, the latter di-

vided from the ear-coverts by a pale line proceeding from the base

of the lower mandible, and this with the entire supercilium and

the breast, of a uniform light rufescent sandy hue; belly whitish,

the flanks streaked with dusky ; wing-coverts slightly tipped albes-

cent, forming slight cross-bands. Bill dusky, yellowish towards

gape, and feet pale.” ‘“Irides brown.”

Length 6 inches; of wing 22ths; tail 24; bill to gape ths;

and tarse 3th of an inch.”

11. Accentor Auraicus, Brandt *.

Accentor Altaicus, Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb.

(1841?). G, R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 187. Bonap. C. G. Av.

p- 306.

The Altaic Accentor.

Hab. Siberia.

12. ACCENTOR ATROGULARIS, Brandt.

Accentor atrogularis, Brandt, (nec Hutton?), Bull. Sci. Acad.

Imp. S. Petersb. (1841?). G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 187.

The Black-throated Accentor.

Hab. Siberia.

“The species of this genus,” remarks Mr. Yarrell, in his admi-

rable work on British Birds, “are very limited in number, only

five, I believe, being at present known ; two are figured in this work

as belonging to England, two others are found in the north and east

of Europe, and a fifth has been received from the Himalaya moun-

tains.” The discovery of six distinct species in India, which have

mostly been collected in Nepal by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., one from

Japan, and the two described by Dr. Brandt, making in all twelve

species, is accordingly no small accession to the known species of

this interesting genus.

* Not having been so fortunate as to examine the descriptions of Dr. Brandt’s

species, I am unable to describe them in this notice.

+ One of which species is in all probability the so-called Accentor Calliope of

Temm. v. Calliope Camtschatkensis, Gmel., which, certainly, has no affinity to

Accentor.

12]

June 13, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Descriptions oF Six New Species or AURICULACEA,

FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. Cuming, Esa.

By Dr. L. PFreirrer.

1. AuricuLA TuRRITA, Pfr. 4. testa imperforata, oblongo-

turrita, solida, striis longitudinalibus et transversis granulato-

decussata, sub epidermide fusca, parum nitente alba; spira

elongata, apice obtusula, sepe erosa; anfr.7, infra suturam

turgidis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo spiram equante, basi

subattenuato ; apertura angusta, acuminato-ovali, intus lactea ;

plicis parietalibus 2, superiore antice nodiformi, introrsum atte-

nuata, altera oblique extrorsum producta; plica columellari

duplicata, viv obliqua ; perist. recto, acuto, intus callo crasso,

albo aucto.

Long. 50, diam. 16 mill,

Hab. Philippine Islands.

This species belongs to the genus Hllobium of H. and A. Adams,

not of Bolten, who comprises under that name species of Bulimus,

Auricula, Lamk., (as stated in 1801) and Melampus. Therefore

Lamarck’s name should be retained for it.

2. Auricuxa saccaTA, Pfr. (EZllobium elongatum, var., H. and A.

Adams, in Mus. Cuming). A. testa breviter et profunde rimata,

obclavata, solida, striatula, irregulariter erosa, nitidula, fusco-

lutea ; spira elongato-conica, acuta ; sutura plana, lacera ; anfr.

8-9, planis, ultimo spiram subequante, deorsum dilatato, basi

saccato ; apertura verticali, anguste ovali ; plica parietali 1 par-

vula, mediana, subtransversa ; plica columellari obsolete bidenti-

culata; perist. obtuso, margine dextro superne sinuato, intus

medio incrassato, columellari dilatato, calloso, patente.

Long. 14, diam. max. 6 mill.

Hab. Manilla.

3. Metampus ApaAmsiAnus, Pfr. M. testa subrimata, ovato-

oblonga, solidula, levigata, atro-virente ; spira convexo-conica,

acuta; suturalineari; anfr. 9, planis, superis subplicatis, ultimo

2 longitudinis formante, superne obsolete angulato, prope sutu-

ram fascia latiore, nonnullisque angustis pallidis ornato, striis

incrementi nonnullis irregulariter sculpto, basi rotundato; aper-

tura subverticali, anguste semiovali ; plica parietali 1 mediocri,

compressa, transversa ; plica columellari obliqua, extrorsum por-

recta; perist. recto, albo-limbato, marginedextro superne sinuato,

122

intus plicis 6-7 brevibus, albis munito, columellari calloso, sub-

dilatato.

Long. 10, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. New Zealand.

4. MELAMPUS SPIRALIS, Pfr. WM. testa subrimata, biconica, soli-

dula, striatula, nitidula, alba; spira conoidea, acute mucronata;

sutura lineari; anfr. 10, superis planis, distincte spiraliter

striatis, ultimo 3 longitudinis fere equante, spiraliter obsoletis-

sime striato, infra suturam excavato, tum obtuse angulato, deor-

sum regulariter attenuato, basi compresso; apertura subverticali,

oblonga, basi rotundata; plicis parietalibus sub 2, superiore

lamelleformi, intrante, altera immediate infra illam, obsoleta ;

plica columellari alta, extrorsum subhorizontaliter porrecta ;

perist. acuto, margine dextro superne angulato, intus plicis

transversis 7-8 munito, columellari parum dilatato, subpatente.

Long. 16, diam. max. 9 mill.

Hab. 2

5. Mexampus cristatus, Pfr. M. testa imperforata, oblongo-

ovata, solida, spiraliter confertim striata, sericea, luteo-fulva ;

spira brevi, convexa, mucronata ; sutura canaliculata; anfr. 8,

convexiusculis, penultimo latiore, ultimo 2 longitudinis formante,

supra medium ventroso, basi attenuato; apertura vie obliqua,

perangusta, basi bisinuosa; plicis parietalibus 3, suprema nodi-

Sormi, 2 subtransversis, extus in eristam callosam, spiralem con-

tinuatis ; plica columellari valida, fere vertical ; perist. acuto,

margine dextro intus callo crasso, albo, confertim transverse

plicato munito, columellari subdilatato, appresso. *

Long. 94, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

6. Pepipes TRipENS, Pfr. P. testa imperforata, globoso-conica,

tenui, obsolete et confertim spiraliter striata, saturate fusca ;

spira turbinata, acutiuscula; sutura profunda, marginata ;

anfr. 5, convexis, ultimo 2 longitudinis formante, inflato ; aper-

tura fere diagonali, subsemicirculart ; plica parietal mediocri ;

labio columellari calloso, dentibus 2 distantibus munito; perist.

simplice, acuto, edentulo.

Long. 33, diam. max. 2} mill.

Hab. Bermuda.

2. DEscRIPTIONS OF SIXTEEN New Species or Henicea,

FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. Cumine, Esa.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. Virrina AuREA, Pfr. V. testa ambitu subauriformi, depressa,

nitidissima, pellucida, aurea; spira plana, vertice vie prominulo;

sutura levissima, marginata; anfr. 3 subplanis, rapide accres-

centibus, ultimo depresso, peripheria obsoletissime subangulato,

123

basi viv convexiore, lato; apertura perobliqua, ovali, intus sub-

margaritacea ; perist, simplice, margine dextro antrorsum sub-

dilatato, columellari leviter inflexo.

Diam. maj. 13, min. 9, alt. 43 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

2. SuccrnEA SIMPLEX, Pfr. S. testa ovata, tenui, striata, pellu-

cida, nitida, succinea; spira brevi, conica, vertice submammillato,

acutiusculo ; anfr. 24 convexis, ultimo 2 longitudinis equante ;

columella substricte recedente, leviter callosa; apertura obliqua,

incumbente, angulato-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus

regulariter conniventibus.

Long. 93, diam. 6, alt. 45 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

3. SuccINEA REPANDA, Pfr. S. testa ovato-oblonga, tenui, con-

fertissime capillaceo-striata, vix sericea, pallide griseo-cornea ;

spira conica, acuta, plerumque erosa; anfr. 33, penultimo con-

vexiusculo, ultimo basi repando ; columella superne subplicata,

callosa, leviter arcuata ; apertura obliqua, angulato-ovali, intus

submargaritacea ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus callo tenu-

issimo junctis.

Long. 12, diam. 63, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Banks of the river Negro, New Granada.

4, Hewix GENERALIs, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-tur-

binata, striatula et rugulis obliquis precipue subtus sculpta,

non nitida, sub epidermide luteo-virente alba; spira convexo-

conoidea, obtusula ; sutura levi, submarginata; anfr. 45, con-

vexiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo antice vix descen-

dente, supra peripheriam lira plana latiuscula cineto, basi parum

convexo; columella vix obliqua, compressa, excavata, alba;

apertura diagonali, oblique truncato-ovali, intus lactea; perist.

tenui, marginibus conniventibus, dextro vie expansiusculo, basali

incrassato, breviter reflexo, cum columella angulum obtusum

Sormante.

Diam. maj. 57, min. 45, alt. 40 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

5. Butimus excoriatus, Pfr. B. testa aperte umbilicata,

ovato-acuminata, tenuiuscula, striatula, sub lente punctulata,

non nitente, carnea ; spira conica, acuta ; anfr. 6, convexiusculis,

ultimo spiram superante, subinflato ; apertura parum obliqua,

acuminato-ovali ; perist. tenui, expanso, marginibus fere con-

tiguis, callo tenui junctis, dextro medio dilatato, columellari

perdilatato, patente.

Long. 39, diam. 19 mill.

Hab. Andes of Peru (Captain Keppell).

6. Butimus cretaceus, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, ovato-conica,

solidula, striatula et impresso-punctata, opaca, cretacea ; spira

124 -

convexo-conica, apice acutiuscula ; anfr. 6, viv convexiusculis,

ultimo spiram paulo superante, antice subascendente, basi guxta

umbilicum profundum, subcompressum rotundato ; apertura vix

obliqua, oblongo-ovali, intus fusca ; perist. tenut, albo-limbato,

marginibus convergentibus, callo junctis, dextro late expanso,

columellari fusco, dilatato, fornicatim patente.

Long. 36, diam. 18 mill.

Hab. Eastern Islands (Captain Keppell).

7. Butimus trist1s, Pfr. B. testa compresse umbilicata, oblongo-

conica, tenut, levigata, nitidula, albida, fasciis et strigis vel

seriebus macularum quadratarum, violaceo-fuscarum ornata ;

spira convexo-conica, apice acuta; anfr. 64, vie convexiusculis,

ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi angustato, rotundato ; colu-

mella leviter arcuata; apertura vix obliqua, ovali; perist. tenut,

margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari luteo vel albo, su-

perne dilatato, fornicatim reflexo.

Long. 28, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. New Granada.

8. Buttmus uistrio, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, ovato-conica,

tenut, levigata, nitida, lutescenti-alba, serie macularum casta-

nearum, subquadratarum supra suturam picta; spira conica,

apice nigra, obtusula; anfr. 54, convexiusculis, ultimo spiram

vie superante, infra medium nigro-fusco bizonato, basi rotun-

dato; apertura parum obliqua, elliptico-ovali ; perist. simplice,

recto, margine dextro arcuato, columellari subverticali, superne

late reflexo, perforationem fere tegente.

Long. 13, diam. 73 mill.

Hab. Tanna, New Hebrides.

9. Butimus Coutumesiensis, Pfr. B. testa breviter rimata,

subperforata, oblongo-turrita, solida, sublevigata, parum nitida,

fravido-albicante; spira elongata, subconvexo-turrita, apice

cornea, acutiuscula; anfr.7, vie convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longi-

tudinis equante, basi subcompresso; columella stricta, rece-

dente; apertura parum obliqua, oblongo-ovali ; perist. recto,

acuto, margine dextro leviter arcuato, columellari subito re-

flexo, patente.

Long. 28, diam. 113 mill.

Hab. Columbia.

10. Butimus stmpxicutvus, Pfr. B. testa perforata, conico-

ovata, solida, ruguloso-striata (lineis spiralibus sub lente obso-

lete decussata), nitidula, alba, punctis pellucidis passim con-

spersa; spira convexo-conica, apice cornea, obtusula; sutura

minute crenulata ; anfr. 6, modice convexis, ultimo spira paulo

breviore, bast subrotundato ; columella substricta, superne sub-

plicata ; apertura vix obliqua, oblongo-ovali ; perist. simplice,

125

recto, margine dextro leviter arcuato, columellari dilatato, for-

nicatim reflexo.

Long. 194, diam. 93 mill.

Hab. 2

11. Butimus Marmartensis, Pfr. B. testa perforata, globoso-

conica, tenui, striatula, pellucida, pallide griseo-fulva; spira

conica, obtusiuscula ; anfr. 44, modice convewis, ultimo spiram

via superante, rotundato ; columella leviter arcuata; apertura

parum obliqua, rotundato-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine

dextro perarcuato, columellari superne dilatato, supra perfora-

tionem angustam fornicatim reflexo.

Long. 17, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. Marmato, New Granada.

12. Butimus wapLocurovs, Pfr. B. testa perforata, ovato-

Susiformi, tenui, sublevigata, non nitente, diaphana, corneo-

albida; spira elongata, convexo-turrita, acutiuscula; anfr. 7,

vie convexiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi attenuato ;

columella leviter arcuata ; apertura obliqua, subelliptica, basi

subangulata ; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro regulariter

arcuato, columellari sursum dilatato, fornicato-reflexo.

Long. 30, diam. 12 mill.

Hab. 2

13. Butimus piapHanus, Pfr. B. testa anguste perforata,

turrito-oblonga, tenut, striatula, haud nitente, diaphana, epi-

dermide rufa, transversim lirata induta ; spira elongato-conica,

apice obtusula; anfr. 6, convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis

subequante, basi rotundato; columella substricta ; apertura

viz obliqua, oblongo-ovali; perist. simplice, acuto, margine dextro

recto, leviter arcuato, columellari vitreo, superne fornicatim re-

exo.

Long. 15, diam. 7 mill.

Hab. 8. Thomas, W. Indies (Bland).

14, Partuta pacrrica, Pfr. P. testa compresse umbilicata,

ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, sub lente minutissime spiraliter striata,

nitidula, straminea, lineis albis et fulvis radiata ; spira conica,

apice acuta; sutura profunda, submarginata; anfr. 54, con-

vexis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi subattenuato ; columella

superne recedente, fornicata; apertura vix obliqua, truncato-

oblonga ; perist. albo, expanso, margine dextro superne arcuato,

columellari late patente et reflexo.

Long. 22, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. Pacific Islands,

15. ACHATINA VIRENS, Pfr. 4. testa cylindraceo-turrita, tenu-

issima, leviter striatula (striis ad suturam distinctioribus),

nitidissima, pellucida, virenti-cornea; spira elongata, superne

sensim attenuata, apice obtusula; sutura subcrenulata ; anfr,

126

8, convexiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis vix equante, convexiore ;

columella perarcuata, abrupte truncata; apertura verticali,

irregulariter ovali; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro levi-

ter arcuato.

Long. 18, diam. 8 mill.

Hab. ?

16. Acuatina Maniensts, Pfr. 4 festa subrimata, ovato-

oblonga, solidula, sublevigata, pallide cornea; spira convexo-

turrita, apice obtusa; sutura marginata ; anfr. 6, viz convexi-

usculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi subcompresso ;

columella verticali, introrsum subtorta, ad basin aperture sub-

rhombeo-ovalis truncatula; perist. simplice, obtuso, margine

columellari reflexiusculo, adnato.

Long. 7, diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Mani, Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb).

3. DescRIPTIONS OF ELEVEN New SPECIES OF CYCLOSTOMACEA,

FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. Cuming, Esa.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. CycLostoma (CyCLOPHORUS) ALABASTRINUM, Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, subdepresso-turbinata, solida, sublevigata, spira-

liter minutissime striata, alabastrina; spira turbinata, sursum

livido-fusca, apice convexiuscula; anfr. 5, convexis, celeriter

accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria obsoletissime subangulato et

antice rudimenta fascie castanee exhibente, basi inflato ; um-

bilico angusto, viv pervio; apertura vix obliqua, circulari;

perist. fulvo-carneo, continuo, breviter adnato, crasso, undique

reflexo, margine sinistro subdilatato.

Diam. maj. 45, min. 34, alt. 25 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

2. CycLtostoma (CycLopHorvus) potyNema, Pfr. C. festa

umbilicata, depresso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, oblique striatula et

lirts filiformibus confertissimis, subtus obsoletioribus, cincta,

superne flammis angulosis lete castaneis et albidis variegata ;

spira brevi, turbinata, apice obtusula; anfr. 44, convexiusculis,

rapide accrescentibus, ultimo ad suturam antice subplanato,

peripheria obsoletissime angulato et fascia lata, nigro-fusca,

deorsum diluta ornato, circa umbilicum mediocrem pallido ;

apertura obliqua, subrotundata, latiore quam alta; perist. albo,

continuo, breviter adnato, margine dextro expansiusculo, colu-

mellart breviter revoluto.

Diam. maj. 33, min. 26, alt. 17 mill.

Hab. 2

3. CycLostoma (CycLopHoRUS) EXCELLENS, Pfr. OC. testa

umbilicata, subturbinato-depressa, solida, confertim spiraliter

127

sulcata, parum nitida, fusco-aurantiaca, strigis angustis, ful-

guratis, albis elegantissime picta; spira breviter turbinata,

apice corneo, obtusulo; anfr. 5, convevis, rapide accrescentibus,

ultimo carina funiformi alba et adjacente linea rufa ecincto,

superne turgido, juxta suturam excavato, basi pallido, circa

umbilicum late infundibuliformem subangulato ; apertura parum

obliqua, subcirculari, intus margaritaceo-alba; perist. pallide

carneo, continuo, breviter adnato, superne subangulato, margine

dextro breviter patente, sinistro anguste reflexo.

Diam. maj. 53, min. 42, alt. 24 mill.

Hab. 2

4. Cyctosroma (CycLopHorus) spPIRONEMA, Pfr. C. festa

umbilicata, subturbinato-depressa, solida, liris crebris filifor-

mibus sculpta, superne lete castaneo et albido variegata;

spira brevi, vertice acutiusculo ; suturasubmarginata ; anfr. 4,

convexis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo juxta suturam subpla-

nato, ad peripheriam rotundatam fascia alba et infra eam altera

lete castanea ornato, circa umbilicum latiusculum sublevigato,

pallido; apertura vie obliqua, subangulato-circulari; perist.

continuo, breviter adnato, vix expanso, etate in tubum me-

diocrem, spiraliter striatum, producto.

Diam. maj. 28, min. 22%, alt. 14 mill.

Hab. India.

5. Cyctostoma (CycLtopHorvs) Tuwairtest, Pfr. C. testa late

umbilicata, depressa, subdiscoidea, tenui, subconfertim arcuato-

striata, nitidula, luteo-fulva, strigis angulosis castaneis eleganter

flammata ; spira subplana, vertice vie prominulo ; sutura pro-

funda; anfr. 4, modice convexis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo

terete, antice vix descendente; apertura fere diagonali, ovali-

rotundata; intus submargaritacea; perist. simplice, acuto,

marginibus fere contiguis, callo tenui junctis, dextro expansius-

culo, columellari subreflexo.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 9, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

6. CycLostoma (LEPpToPpoMA) FLAMMEUM, Pfr. C. testa an-

gustissime umbilicata, elongato-conica, tenui, oblique leviter

striatula, fulva, strigis angulatis rufis ornata; spira elevata,

conica, apice acutiuscula, pallida; sutura profunda; anfr. 6,

perconvexis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo rotundato; apertura

parum obliqua, subcirculari, intus concolore ; perist. simplice,

recto, marginibus breviter disjunctis, columellari subdilatato,

patente.

Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Layard).

7.Cyctosroma (Lerroroma) conuxus, Pfr. C. testa anguste

umbilicata, conica, tenui, epidermide corneo-fulva, distanter

membranaceo-costulata induta; spira regulariter conica, apice

128

obtusiuscula ; anfr. 5, sensim accrescentibus, subangulato-con-

vexis, ultimo liris sub 6 distinctis filiformibus cincto ; apertura

parum obliqua, subangulato-circulari ; perist. simplice, acuto,

vie expansiusculo, marginibus subdisjunctis, columellari reflexi-

usculo.

Diam. maj. 4, min. 32, alt. 34 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

8. CycLosromA (ADAMSIELLA?) LONGICOLLE, Pfr. C. festa

penitus perforata, oblongo-turrita, truncata, tenuiuscula, liris

spiralibus obsoletis et costulis confertis, acutiusculis clathrata,

albida, seriatim rufo-punctata ; spira convexo-turrita ; sutura

profunda, minutissime crenulata ; anfr. superst. 45, convexis,

ultimo subterete, dorso vix angulato, antice longe soluto, oblique

descendente ; apertura obliqua, circulari ; perist. duplice: in-

terno breviter porrecto, externo dilatato, latere columellart

subexciso, preterea rectangulariter patente, spiraliter sub-

striato, rufo-radiato.

Long. max. 17, diam. anfr. penult. 8 mill.

Hab, Jamaica.

9. CycLostoma (CycLostomus) PARVISPIRUM, Pfr. C. testa

angustissime umbilicata, globoso-conica, solidula, sublevigata,

nitidula, flavida, fascia 1 angusta, spadicea infra peripheriam,

sepeque aliis interruptis ornata; spira parvula, conoidea, apice

acutiuscula; anfr.43, modice convewis, celeriter accrescentibus,

ultimo ventroso, circa umbilicum liris nonnullis elevatis munito ;

apertura vie obliqua, ovali-rotundata, superne vie angulata ;

perist. simplice, recto, ad anfr. penultimum breviter interrupto,

margine columellari reflexiusculo. Opere. C. elegantis.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 9-10, mill.

Hab. 2

10. Cyctostoma (CHoNDROPOMA?) PUNCTICULATUM, Pfr.

C. testa anguste perforata, ovato-oblonga, truncata, liris spira-

libus levibus, costulisque illas transgredientibus confertissimis

sculpta, cereo-albida, seriebus spiralibus punctulorum ruforum

ornata; spira subturrita; sutura eleganter et subremote den-

tata; anfr. superst. 4, modice convewxis, regulariter accrescen-

tibus, ultimo antice soluto, dorso carinato, infra medium lineis

nonnullis rufis cineto ; apertura verticali, subelliptica, superne

angulata, basi subeffusa; perist. simplice, continuo, undique

breviter expanso.

Long. 10, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. West Indies.

11, CycLostoma (CHonDROPOMA?) ANGUSTATUM, Pfr. C. testa

via perforata, oblongo-turrita, truncata, solidula, liris spiralibus

costisque confertioribus obtuse clathrata, fulvo-lutea, fasciis

interruptis castaneis picta ; spira convexo-turrita ; sutura con-

Sertim et acute crenata; anfr. superst. 42, conveaiusculis, ul-

—— ~~ oa ‘ Proc.Z.5.Molhusca.

GH Ford Lith Ford & West Imp:

12.3 Mulleria lobata.2a.3.apices enlarged,shewing the symmetrical state of the Shells.

45 Bulmus bivaricosus. Gask

129

timo angustato, basi confertius spiraliter sulcato, antice vix

soluto; apertura verticali, ovali-rotundata ; perist. subdupli-

cato, undique breviter expanso, superne subangulato.

Long, 16, diam. 7 mill.

Hab. 2

4. On THE Genus MuLLERIA, SOWERBY, OR

AcostT#A, D’ORBIGNY.

By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., P.B.S., V.P.Z.S.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXIX.)

M. d’Orbigny has very kindly transferred to me the specimens

of the shells which he described, in the ‘ Rev. et Mag. Zool.’ 1851,

under the name of dcostea Guaduasana, and which he had received

from Rio Sero near Guadual (Rio Magdalena) in Bogota. The ex-

amination of the specimens proves the truth of the supposition which

I formerly expressed, that Mr. Sowerby’s genus Miilleria was de-

scribed from an imperfect specimen of this shell which had lost its

umbones, with the young free state of the shell attached to them,

in the manner so characteristic of this genus.

The series of specimens consists of a pair, not in a very perfect con-

dition, and without the produced umbo of the attached valve, like

the specimen described by Mr. Sowerby, but in a less worn con-

dition, four specimens of the attached valve, and several of the free

upper one.

The series of attached valves is curious, as showing the very dif-

ferent state of the umbo, the manner in which the free valves

are modified before one of the valves becomes fixed; also the man-

ner in which the upper free valves separate from the free part by a

natural crack, when the free valves become united together by their

edges, forming a shelly tube. In two of the specimens this crack

takes place almost immediately behind the posterior end of the sym-

metrical free shell; in two of the others, the hinder part of the

free shell is dilated into a triangular irregular portion before the

hinder older part of the upper valve separates from the young one ;

in one of these the triangular tube thus formed is narrow and elon-

gate; in the other, broad, forming a nearly equilateral triangular

cavity under the umbo of the attached valve.

In three of the five specimens the shell is attached by the outer

surface of the right valve; and in the other two by that of the left

valve ; the three specimens attached by the right valve exhibit all

the three variations in the form of the umbo, viz. the absence of the

free shell (fig. 1.), the small (fig. 2.), and the large and much-

dilated (fig. 3.) state of it.

There can be no doubt, as far as one can undertake to determine

from the examination of the shell alone, of the affinity of this genus

with Htheria, from which it appears only to differ in the very small

size, or indeed in the total. absence of the anterior adductor muscle.

Like Etheria, the lower valve is rather attached to the stones and

No. CCLXVITI.—Procrepines or tHE Zootoaicat Socimry.

130

shells to which it is affixed, by inequalities in the form and surface

of the shell, than by any real attachment of the substance of the shell

itself, for the attached valves are covered with a continuous periostraca.

As all attached shells have a free young state, as may be seen by

examining the umbones of Arcinella, Chama, and other attached bi-

valves, the young of Etheria are doubtless free, and there is nothing

peculiar in the young of Miilleria being free; but there is a great

peculiarity in the young shell becoming united imto a tubular case,

and one of the valves, after the other has become attached, separating

itself from its younger part by a natural caries.or crack.

June 27, 1854.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Descriprions oF THIRTY-NINE New SPECIES OF SHELLS,

FROM THE COLLECTION oF HuGuH Cuming, Esa.

By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., &c.

(Mollusea, Pl. XXVIII.)

1. Votva rosea, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVIII., fig. 9.) V. testa

elongata, medio ventricosa, ad extremitates attenuata, coarctata,

rectiuscula, rosea, albo-varicosa, levi, dorso fascia angusta, trans-

versa, albida ornato, labio in medio ventricoso, ad extremitates

subrecurvo, labro crasso, antice angulatim arcuato, ad canalem

emarginato.

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

Like V. birostrata, but is more slender, and more attenuated poste-

riorly, and wants the spiral fold on the hind part of the inner lip ;

the anterior beak is straight and not recurved, and the marginal varix

of the outer lip is thinner.

2. AMPHIPERAS MARGARITA, A. Adams. A. testa ovali, ventri-

cosa, alba, nitida, semipellucida, transversim striata, dorso obscure

angulato ; apertura angusta, canalibus brevibus, obtusis, integris,

labio postice vir calloso, antice excavato, labro complanato, lirato,

intus denticulato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

This is a pure white, pearl-like shell, semi-pellucid, finely striated

across, gibbous on the back, with hardly any trace of the usual callus

at the hind part of the inner lip, and with a prominent longitudinal

ridge at the fore part.

3. Ampuiperas RHOoDIA, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVIII., fig. 8.)

A, testa ventricosa, subpyriformi, rosacea, albo-varicosa, dorso

3 Proc. 7.5. Mollusca Pl XXVIII

George B. Sowerby, Junr. Ford & West, Imp,

1 Rapana Rhodostoma.— 4: Tudicla recurva.— 7. Pisania Hermannseni..—

Z.stemata decorata — 5 Mitra Moreh — 8. Amphiperas Rhodia—

3.Clypidella, Bailvei— 6. Sconsia Crayi — 9. Volva rosea

131

subgibboso, ad extremitates subacuta, canalibus brevibus, subpro-

ductis, integris; apertura angusta; labio levi, tumido, postice

callo producto, spirali instructo, ad canalem tortuoso, antice exca-

vato, ad canalem obscure uniplicato, labro complanato, lirato, intus

denticulato.

Hab. Japan. Mus. Cuming.

A beautiful delicate pink species, with the posterior canal a little

produced, and the inner lip at that part spirally contorted, the ante-

rior part excavated and the extremities transversely sulcated.

4, Ampurpreras scituta, A. Adams. 4. testa ovali, ventricosa,

levi, alba, transversim striata, ad extremitates subproducta ; aper-

tura angusta, canalibus brevissimis, integris, labio postice callo

spirali instructo, antice uniplicato, labro complanato intus et ad

extremitates usque ad marginem plicato-dentato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small species of a white colour somewhat resembling

A. concinna, Sow., but the back is not gibbous, and is transversely

striated ; the strize are sometimes almost obliterated in the middle.

5. AMPHIPERAS PYRULINA, A. Adams. A. testa ventricosa, pyri-

formi, albida, ad extremitates subproducta et pallide fulva, trans-

versim striata; apertura angusta; labio levi, in medio tumido,

canalibus brevibus vir emarginatis, postice callo simplici instructo,

labro intus crenulato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

A neat pyriform species very much resembling A. bimaculata, but

the interior of the beaks wants the orange spots seen in that species,

and the general form of the shell is pyriform and constricted ante-

riorly.

6. AMPHIPERAS BIMACULATA, A. Adams. A. festa ovali, sub-

pyriformi, albida, fasciis tribus pallide fuscis, transversis ornata,

ad extremitates vir producta, transversim striata, canalibus intus

aurantiaco tinctis ; apertura angusta, labio postice callo crenato

instructo, labro intus crenulato-plicato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

Somewhat resembling 4. pyrulina in colour, but is not so pyri-

form; the posterior callus of the inner lip is crenate, and there are

three pale brown bands across the back of the shell; the orange

marks in the beaks are also peculiar.

7. AMPHIPERAS (OvuULA) Pupica, A. Adams. A. testa ovata,

ventricosa, carnea, albo-varicosa, levi, canalibus brevibus, viz

emarginatis ; apertura angusta, alba; labio postice tuberculo ele-

vato, subacuto instructo, antice producto, angulato,ad canalem uni-

plicato, labro intus crenulato, margine serrato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

A flesh-coloured bulliform species with the aperture and varix of

the outer lip white and the margin of the outer lip serrated ; it is

132

something like the A. carnea of Lamarck; but differs in the forma-

tion of the inner lip.

8. PoLyponTA (INFUNDIBULUM) Tritonis, A. Adams. P. testa

elevato-conica, pseudo-umbilicata, viridi, albido subvariegata, un-

fractibus superne gibbosiusculis, cingulis transversis granorum

ornatis, ultimo ad peripheriam angulato, basi concava, albida,

concentrice striata, regione umbilicali infundibuliformi, columella

superne tortuosa, margine tuberculato.

Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming.

This is a well-marked, greenish species, obscurely varied with white ;

the whorls are gibbose, the last acutely angulated and crenate at the

periphery, and the base is white and concave.

9. Potyponta (INFUNDIBULUM) Neprunt, A. Adams. P. testa

elevato-conica, lateribus convexiusculis, viridi-fusca, anfractibus

planis, cingulis granosis transversis ornatis, ultimo angulato, basi

planiusculo, cingulis granosis instructo, centro excavato, umbili-

cum mentiente, columella superne soluta, margine tuberculato-

dentato, labro intus lirato ad marginem intus levigato.

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

A greenish-brown species, with regular transverse rows of beaded

ridges, and with the lateral outline convex ; the colour is of a uni-

form greenish brown.

10. PotyponTa (INFUNDIBULUM) aMuLANS, A. Adams.

P. testa depresso-conica, pseudo-umbilicata, albida, rufo-fusco

radiatim picta, anfractibus planis, cingulis transversis granulorum

ornatis, serie bituberculata ad suturas, basi convexiusculo, rubro

radiatim ornato ac cingulis confertis, concentricis, crenulatis in-

structo; regione umbilicali infundibuliformi, alba, columella superne

tortuosa, margine simplice. ;

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

A handsome species variegated with broad radiating red-brown

markings, and with a conspicuous double row of tubercles at the

sutures.

11. PotypontTa (INFUNDIBULUM) CoNCINNUM, A. Adams.

P. testa conica, pseudo-umbilicata, lutescente, fusco vividoque

variegatim picta, anfractibus planiusculis, cingulis transversis

granulorum, cingulis distantioribus, interstitiis liris moniliformibus

ornatis, anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam angulato ; regione umbili-

cali infundibuliformi, albida, basi levigata, cingulis concentricis,

articulatis ornata; columella recta, margine simplice.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small but handsomely variegated species, with the false

umbilicus intundibuliform and of a whitish colour, and with the

base of the shell adorned with concentric zones articulated with dark

brown.

133

12. SromaTELLA CLATHRATULA, A. Adams. S. testa imper-

forata, turbinato-depressa, spira elevatiuscula, anfractibus con-

vexis, transversim liratis, liris nonnullis prominentibus, rufo

articulatis, asperis, interstitiis concinne clathratis ; regione umbi-

licali impressa; columella crassa, reflexa ; apertura mediocri, orbi-

culari, intus margaritacea. Operculum corneum.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

As in S. cancellata, S. imbricata, and others of this group, there is

a multispiral horny operculum ; the whorls are finely clathrate, and

the axis is not perforate.

13. Sromaretyia compta, A. Adams. _ S. testa haliotidea, orbi-

culato-depressa, fusca, intus vivide iridescent, spira obtusiuscula,

anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter oblique striatis, transversim

liratis, liris inequalibus, nonnullis prominentibus ac nodulosis ;

regione umbilicali impressa ; columella acuta ; apertura suborbi-

culari.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

A well-defined, thin, brown species, with transverse, elevated,

nodulose lirze, and with the interior of the aperture vividly iridescent.

14. Sromareua sELecTA, A. Adams. S. testa haliotidea, spira

prominula, subperforata, virescente, rufo, fusco, alboque maculata

et punctata, longitudinaliter oblique striata, transversim Lirata ;

regione umbilicali alba, levi; apertura intus vivide margaritacea,

columella superne reflexa, umbilicum partim obtegente.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This is a species of great delicacy and beauty, most nearly allied

to S. haliotidea, Sow., but with the umbilical region surrounded by a

smooth white space and with the columellar margin reflexed and pro-

ducing the appearance of an umbilicus.

15. SroMATIA SPLENDIDULA, A. Adams. S. testa hadiotidea,

orbiculato-depressa, spire anfractibus tribus, bicarinatis, anfractu

ultimo transversim lirato, liris inequalibus, asperulatis, inter-

stitiis longitudinaliter striatis, superne pallida, ad suturas rubro-

fusco radiata, inferne rufescente, fusco punctata, infima facie flam-

mulis rubris, radiantibus ornata; apertura intus alba, opaca,

spiraliter viridi lineata, margine margaritacea.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

In this species the columellar margin is reflexed and pearly, but

the interior of the aperture, with the exception of the inner margin

of the outer lip, is opaque white, with green spiral lines.

16. Sromatia pecorata, A. Adams. (PI. XXVIII, fig. 2.)

S. testa haliotidea, orbiculato-depressa, obtecte umbilicata, anfrac-

tibus spire bicarinatis, transversim sulcata ac striata, ad suturas

oblique plicata, anfractu ultimo unicarinato; apertura intus alba,

opaca, margaritacea ; colore fusco-luteo, rubro maculato et punc-

tato.

Hab.

? Mus. Cuming.

134

This is a large and showy species somewhat resembling S. rubra,

Lamk., in the character of the markings and colour ; it is not tuber-

cular like that species.

17. Mrrra Morcuu, A. Adams. (PI. XXVIII., fig. 5.) M.

testa ovato-fusiformi, candida, spira acuminata, aperturam equante,

anfractibus octo, convexiusculis, transversim undique liratis, inter-

stitiis crebre clathratis ; apertura angusta, columella quinqueplicata,

labro intus simplice.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

A large elegant white shell of the same form and with the same

style of sculpture as M. filosa, and belonging to the subgenus Can-

cilla. I have much pleasure in dedicating this fine species to M.

Mérch, the talented author of the ‘Catalogue of Count Yoldi’s

Shells,’ &c.

18. Mirra rupicinea, A. Adams. M. testa oblongo-ovata, rubi-

ginosa, spira acuta aperturam @equante, anfractibus novem plani-

usculis, transversim liratis, liris carinatis, interstitiis clathratis;

apertura longiuscula, columella quadriplicata, labro margine cre-

nato, intus sulcato.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

This species somewhat resembles M. ferruginea, Lamk., but the in-

terstices between the transverse lire are cancellated, and the lire

themselves have a filiform carina in the middle.

19. Mirra punctostriata, A. Adams. M. testa ovato-fusiformi,

sordide lutea, ad suturas rufo maculata, spira acuta, aperturam vir

@quante, anfractibus planiusculis, glabris, transversim punctato-

striatis, ultimo ad basin liris transversis instructo; apertura

angusta, columella quadriplicata, labro intus simplice.

Hab. Ceylon (£. L. Layard, Esq.), Mus. Cuming.

This species, which seems to belong to the subgenus Mitreola has

a smooth, glabrous appearance ; but when examined with a lens, the

whorls will be seen to be transversely punctato-striate.

20. VoLuromiITRA ciINNAMOMEA, A. Adams. V. testa oblongo-

Susiformi, levi, tenui, cinnamomea, spira acuta,aperturam equante,

anfractibus planiusculis, supremis longitudinaliter costatis, infimis

levibus ; apertura oblonga, columella quadriplicata, labro intus

simplice.

Hab. Natal. Mus. Cuming.

This is a small, brown, horny species, having all the peculiarities

of shell which characterize the genus Volutomitra of Gray.

21. VoturomiTrA vincTA, A. Adams. JV. testa oblongo-ovata,

levi, tenui, lutescente, ad suturas linea nigro-fusca cincta, et

altera linea nigro-fusca transversa in medio anfractus ultimi ;

spira acuta, apertura longiore, anfractibus planiusculis ; apertura

oblonga, columella quadriplicata, labro acuto, intus simplice.

Hab. Cape Natal. Mus. Cuming.

This is a pretty little species, of a yellowish colour, neatly banded

135

with brown-black, and partaking of the characters of V. corniculum

of the Mediterranean, and other species forming the genus Voluto-

mitra of Gray.

22. VotutromitTra piena, A. Adams. V. testa ovato-fusiformi,

spira acuminata, aperturam equante, anfractibus planis, transver-

sim punctato-striatis, anfractu ultimo antice contracto ; apertura

longiuscula, columella quinqueplicata, antice truncata, labro tenui,

intus simplice ; colore hepatico, ad suturas maculis strigisque pal-

lide fulvis ornato.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming.

This peculiar-looking species belongs to Mr. Gray’s genus Voluto-

mitra, which appears to have the lingual dentition of Voluta, with

the shell resembling in form that of Mitra.

23. Turricuta rosEATA, A. Adams. T. testa fusiformi-turrita,

in medio angustata, rubella, spira anfractibus tumidiusculis, apice

obtusa, rosea, undique crebre clathrata, anfractu ultimo antice

contracto, vix producto ; apertura angusta, labro intus lirato.

Hab. West Africa. Mus. Cuming.

Most like M. mirifica, Reeve, but the nucleus is large, smooth and

pink, the spire is shorter, and the last whorl is not so much produced

and reflexed anteriorly as in that species; it belongs to the subgenus

Thala.

24. Turricuta Layarpu, A. Adams. T. testa fusiformi-tur-

rita, spira acuminata, aperturam magis equante, anfractibus de-

cem, planulatis, ad suturas vix angulatis, supremis longitudinaliter

costellatis, interstitiis clathratis, ultimo transversim lirato, inter-

stitiis punctato-clathratis ; apertura angusta, columella quadripli-

cata, plica postica duplicata, labro intus lirato ; rufo-fusca, su-

turis pallidis, anfractuum medio linea rubra.

Hab. Ceylon (£. L. Layard, Esq.). Mus. Cuming.

Most like Mitra crebrilirata, Reeve, but more subulate and slen-

der ; the spire is longer, the whorls are less angulated at the sutures,

and the columella is not so tortuous anteriorly. The species belongs

to Swainson’s subgenus Callithea.

25. Tupicta FusorpEs, A. Adams. T. testa fusiformi, fulvescente,

rufo-fusco variegata ac lentiginosa, spira acuminata, apice mamil-

lata, transversim lirata, liris majoribus cum minoribus alternan-

tibus, fusco articulatis, anfractibus in medio angulatis, serie unica

tuberculorum acutorum ornatis ; apertura ovali,intus alba, columella

plica valida antica instructa, canali producta, recta, antice sub-

recurva, labro intus valde lirato.

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

This species is fusiform, with a produced spire ; the apex, however,

is papillary, and the shell has all the characteristics which mark Bol-

ten’s genus Tudicla, or Pyrella of Swainson.

26. Tupicua recurRvA, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVIII. fig.4.) 7.

testa fusiformi, fulvicante, lineis transversis, rufescentibus ornata,

136

spira acuminata, apice mamillato, anfractibus transversim striatis,

superne excavatis, in medio serie unica nodulorum instructis; aper-

tura ovali, intus violascente, columella callosa, plica antica obli-

qua instructa, canali producta, valde recurva, labro acuto, mar-

gine sinuoso, intus lirato.

Hab. Senegal. Mus. Cuming.

In this species the whorls are encircled with a series of nodules ;

the columella is smooth and callous, the canal strongly recurved, and

the interior of the aperture is of a delicate violet colour.

27, Pseupoutva LivipA, A. Adams. P. testa ovali, cinerascente,

livida, spira obtusa, apice erosa, anfractibus 3-4 convexiusculis,

transversim crebre striatis, anfractu ultimo antice oblique sulcato,

sulco unico valde impresso ; apertura ovali, columella alba, postice

callo spirali instructa, antice oblique plicata, canali brevi, aperta,

labro margine antice unidentato, intus lirato.

Hab. West Coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming.

Most like P. sepimenta, Le Guillou, but the callous spiral ridge is

less prominent, the inner lip is without the dark mark, the columella

is less produced anteriorly, the spire is obtuse and eroded, and the

whorls are rounded.

28. CryprpeLia Barkiet, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVIII. fig. 3.) C.

testa scutiformi, oblonga, depresso-conica, postice valde elevata,

alba, lineis rufis, sagittiformibus radiatim picta, costis subnodulosis

radiantibus ornata, concentrice striata; margine simplice; orificio

magno, oblongo, postice valde inclinato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This is a very beautiful species, with the foramen placed far behind,

and the posterior margin greatly elevated. It is dedicated to my

friend and collaborateur in the ‘ Manual of Natural History for the

Use of Travellers,’ Dr. Baikie, who is now exploring the waters of

the Chadda.

29. Conus connectens, A. Adams. C. testa turbinata, albida,

aurantiaco sparsim tincta, spira vir elevata, apice submucronato,

anfractibus angulatis, externe coronatis, supra excavatis ac radia-

tim striatis, anfractu ultimo levigato, antice transversim sulcato ;

apertura angusta, labro via arcuato.

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

This Cone appears to be most closely allied to C. lithoglyphus ; it

is whitish, clouded with pale orange; the spire is irregularly coro-

nated, and the whorls are angulated.

30. Sconsta Gravyi, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVIII. fig. 6.) S. testa

ovali, ventricosa, subtenui, sordide fulva, immaculata, spira brevi,

anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis, transversim crebre sulcatis,

longitudinaliter substriatis; labio callo levi, expanso obtecto, colu-

mella antice corrugato-plicata, labro margine subreflexo, postice

ascendente, intus incrassato ac plicato, canali brevi, viv recurva.

Hab. 2

137

This species is thinner and more ventricose than S. striata ; it is

spotless, and more finely transversely grooved ; the spire is less acute,

the outer lip not so much thickened and inflexed, and plicate, not

crenate, internally.

31. OpercuLATUM Pictum, A. Adams. O. testa orbiculato-ovali,

plana, apice producto, fusco, incurvato, epidermide tenut, corneo

obtecta, concentrice striata, albida, aurantiaco radiatim picta, intus

nitida ad marginem aurantiaca.

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island. Mus. Haslar.

This species is richly painted with reddish-orange, disposed in a

radiated manner round the outer margin, the rays extending towards

the centre; the apex is hooked and more elevated than in the other

species. The Linnean name of the genus is here used, but it has

also been called Umbella by Chemnitz, and Umbrella by Lamarck.

32. Srytirer Barronu, A. Adams. S. testa ovali, turrita, alba,

nitida, semipellucida, apice mucronata, anfractibus septem, planis,

postice angulatis, longitudinaliter oblique striatis ; apertura ob-

longo-ovali, labro postice angulato, margine subincrassato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This species, remarkable for the angulated form of the whorls, is

named after its discoverer, Mr. Charles Barron, who found it im-

bedded in the skin of a tropical species of Asterias, in which it

had formed for itself a cystiform cavity.

33. Panop#za Mippenporri, A. Adams. P. testa transversa,

ovato-trigonali, alba, epidermide corrugata, cornea, Susca obtecta,

transversim irregulariter plicata ; latere antico rotundato, angus-

tiore, postico latiore, subtruncato, ligamento prominente.

Hab. Arctic Seas. Mus. Haslar.

This species appears to differ entirely in form from other known

species, being more triangular and truncate posteriorly ; the epider-

mis is peculiarly plicato-corrugate.

34. RutzocuiLus ASPER, A. Adams. R. testa umbilicata, ovato-

turrita, alba, rufo sparsim tincta, anfractibus sex, longitudinaliter

plicatis, superne excavatis, in medio angulatis, transversim liratis,

liris asperulatis, ad plicas spinulosis ; apertura ovali, canali brevi,

via recurva, labro intus lirato.

Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming.

This is a very beautiful white Murev-like species, with transverse

spinulose liree, and longitudinally plicate, angulated whorls.

35. Rurzocuriius (CoratiiopHita) RADULA, A. Adams. R.

testa ovali, imperforata, candida, spira prominula, anfractibus

convexis, longitudinuliter plicatis, transversim liratis, liris squa-

mulis, acutis, parvis asperulatis, interstitiis clathratis ; apertura

ovali, intus violascente, canali brevi, excurvata, regione umbilicali

impressa, labro intus sulcato.

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

138

This is a beautiful pure-white species, with the interior of the aper-

ture of a pale violet, and with the entire surface covered with trans-

verse rows of small acute scales, resembling the points of a rasp.

36. Rapana (Latiaxis) RHOposTomaA, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVIII.

fig. 1.) RR. testa fusiformi-turrita, umbilicata, spira acuminata,

rutila, albo-fasciata, anfractibus convexiusculis, longitudinaliter

plicatis, transversim liratis, liris squamulis asperulatis, suturis

canaliculatis, anfractu ultimo antice coarctato, regione umbilicali

carina spirali circumeincta ; apertura ovali, intus carnicolore,

canali producta, recurvata.

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

A handsomely coloured species, with a delicate pink aperture and

channelled suture, partaking somewhat of the characters of Rhizo-

chilus.

37. Pisania Hermannsenl, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVIII. fig. 7.)

P. testa oblongo-fusiformi, levi, fulvicante, obscure albo-punc-

tata, anfractibus septem tumidiusculis, ultimo antice transversim

sulcato ; apertura quadrato-ovali, columella postice lamina callosa

instructa, labro expanso, antice dilatato, intus lirato.

Hab. China. Mus. Cuming.

A fine mitriform species, of a fulvous colour, with the outer lip

rather expanded, and sulcated interiorly. We have named it after

M. Hermannsen, who has contributed so materially towards the

natural history of the Mollusca, by his valuable work on Biblio-

graphy and Synonyms.

38. PIsANIA CRENILABRUM. A. Adams. P. testa fusiformi, spira

exserta, brunnea, fascia lata spadiceo obscure articulata, anfrac-

tibus septem, supremis longitudinaliter plicatis, ultimo transversim

lirato ; apertura ovali, breviuscula, labio callo nitido obtecto,

labro extus subincrassato, margine crenulato.

Hab. West Indies. Mus. Cuming.

The spire in this species is longer than the aperture, the whorls

are crossed with sharp elevated lines, and the margin of the outer lip

is regularly crenulated.

39. Pisanta RETICULATA, A. Adams. P. testa fusiformi-oblonga,

fulvescente, rufo fuscoque lineata aut variegatu, anfractibus sep-

tem, tumidiusculis, liris longitudinalibus et transversis undique

creberrime reticulatis ; apertura ovali, labio postice viz callosa,

labro extus incrassato, intus lirato.

Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming.

An elegant reticulated form, having very much the appearance of

a Metula, but partaking chiefly of the peculiarities of Pisania.

139

2. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF TITMICE.

By Freperic Moore.

Fam. Piprip#, Vigors.

Subfam. Parrana.

Genus Orites, Mcehring.

1. Orires? LEvcoGENys, Moore.

Colour above grey, tinged with pinkish on the rump : before the eye

and a broad streak over it black, passing to mixed black and grey

on the nape; the centre of the head dusky reddish-isabelline ; base

of lower mandible, below the eyes, ear-coverts and sides of the neck

white; chin and throat jet-black ; abdomen pale pinkish-isabelline ;

wings dusky and having an isabelline tinge, the winglet and coverts

of the primaries black; the primaries and secondaries fringed

externally with grey ; axillze white ; tail dusky, tinged with isabelline,

the outer feathers graduated and obliquely tipped externally with

white, the centre feathers margined with grey. Bill black; feet

yellowish-brown.

Length 41 inches; of wing 24th; of tail 2}; the three outer

feathers graduated, the middle pair 2,ths shorter than the next;

bill to frontal plumes ;2,ths; to gape ;5,ths; height from chin to

front ;2,ths; and tarse ;’ths of an inch.

Hab. Afghanistan. In the Museum of the East India Company.

«Found in pairs, in the woods above Balu Chughur, at 4,000 feet

elevation. Irides straw-colour.” Griffith, MSS. Notes.

This species is allied in colour to O. jouschistos, Hodgson, from

which it may at once be distinguished by its broad, thick and higher

bill, by its white cheeks and ear-coverts, and by its black chin and

throat ; and from O. erythrocephalus, Vigors, by its larger size, by

the absence of the white superciliary streak, white chin, black ear-

coverts, &c. On the habits of the latter species I beg to quote the

following remarks made by Capt. Hutton, in ‘Journ. A. 8. Bengal,’

1848, p. 689. He says, ‘It is common at Mussooree, and in the

hills generally throughout the year. It breeds in April and May ;

the situation chosen is various, as one taken in the former month at

Mussooree at 7,000 feet elevation, was placed on the side of a bank

among overhanging coarse grass; while another taken in the latter

month at 5,000 feet, was built among some ivy turning round a tree,

and at least 14 feet from the ground. The nest is in shape a round

ball with a small lateral entrance, and is composed of green mosses

warmly lined with feathers. The eggs are five in number, white’

with a pinkish tinge, and sparingly sprinkled with lilac spots or

specks, and having a well-defined lilac ring at the larger end. Dia-

meter 58; X 35; in.”

140

2. OriTEs (?) GLAucoGuULARIS, Gould, MS.

Colour above greyish-ash ; crown black, with a broad pale-buff

line extending down the centre; forehead and lores isabelline; base

of lower mandible, ear-coverts, chin, breast, and middle of belly buff

colour ; rump, upper tail-coverts, flanks and sides of belly pinkish-

isabelline, brightening to ferruginous on the vent and under tail-

coverts; throat of a silvery or bluish-ash ; sides of the neck below

the ear-coverts whitish ; wings brownish-black, coverts and speculars

quite black, primaries and secondaries margined with greyish-white ;

axille and edge of shoulder white; tail black, the four outer feathers

obliquely across both webs white. Bill black, and thick as in O.

leucogenys ; legs dark brown.

Length 45 inches ; of wing 21th; tail 24; its outermost feather

1 inch shorter; bill to frontal plumes ~;ths, to gape ;5,ths; and

tarse ;4,ths of an inch.

Hab. China. In the collection of John Gould, Esq.

3. Orires (?) NrveocuLaris, Gould, MS.

Forehead white, passing to buff-brown on the back of the head,

nape, and fore-part of the back, and thence to the tail grey, tinged

with isabelline on the rump ; lores, over the eyes and ear-coverts

black, passing into the brown on the nape; ear-coverts blackish

anteriorly and brownish-buff posteriorly, and somewhat striped

longitudinally with white; base of lower mandible, chin, throat,

fore-part of breast, and sides of the neck to the nape behind the ear-

coverts snowy-white, and contrasting with a brownish band which

runs from the nape across the middle of the breast ; the lower part of

the breast with the abdomen pale pinky-isabelline passing to white

im the middle of the belly: wings brown, margined with greyish-

white, coverts and speculars blackish: tail dusky-black, margined

externally with greyish-white, its outermost feathers white on the

outer web. Bill black, longish, and slender as in O jouschistos,

Hodgson ; feet yellowish.

Length 43 inches ; of wing 23; tail 25ths, its outermost feather

+ inch shorter ; bill to frontal plumes ,3;ths to ths; tarse ths

of an inch.

Hab. N. India. In the collection of John Gould, Esq.

Remark.—These three new species, together with O. erythro-

cephalus, Vigors, and O. jouschistos, Hodgs., will, I believe, upon

further examination, prove to form two separate divisions, distinct

from the genus Orites; the species named erythrocephalus, leuco-

genys, and glaucogularis forming one division, and jouschistos with

niveogularis the second.

141

3. NoTICE OF SOME IMPERFECTLY-KNOWN SPECIES OF Birps

CONTAINED IN THE Museum oF THE Hon. East Inpb1A Com-

pany. By Frepreric Moore.

Fam. Mervuuipa, Vigors.

Subfam. Bracuyropina, Swainson.

Genus Ixutus, Hodgson, P. Z. 8. (1845) p. 23.

1. Ixuuvus occrrrratis, Blyth.

Siva occipitalis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 937. (1844.)

Taulus occipitalis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 552. xvi. p. 448;

Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng., p. 100.

Hab. Sikim, Nepal. (No. 955 Hodgson’s Catalogue.)

‘Colour dull brownish olive-green above, the shafts of the dorsal

and scapular feathers pale; below much lighter and rufescent, the

throat whitish, the feathers of the fore-neck having dark shafts:

crown, nape, and lower tail-coverts ferruginous-brown, which also

tinges the flanks; coronal feathers considerably elongated, and the

occiput beneath the crest white; bill black ; legs yellowish-brown.

“Length about 5 inches; of wing 23; tail 2; bill to gape 5% ths;

and tarse Zths of an inch.”

A single specimen only of this species was collected in Nepal by

B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

2. Ixutus cAsTANniceps, Moore, n. sp.

Colour above dull brownish-olive, the shafts of the dorsal and

scapular feathers pale; crown dark-chestnut, and subcrested, the

frontal plumes short and scaly, and having pale margins, the occiput

paler chestnut; behind the eyes whitish; ear-coverts chestnut ;

wings blackish, the secondaries and tertiaries with pale shafts ;

axillee white; tail black, the three outer feathers graduated, and

tipped obliquely externally with white, the next white at the extreme

tip only, and the rest entirely black ; the whole underparts of a dirty

ruddy-white colour ; bill reddish-brown ; legs yellowish.

Length 53 inches; of wing 2,3,; tail 24; its outermost feather

ths less ; bill to front =3ths; to gape 4; and tarse ¢ of an inch.

Hab. Afghanistan.

This species is at once distinguished by the white tips to the tail

feathers.

Genus Stacuyris, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. 1844, p. 378.

3. Sracuyris ruFIcEPs, Blyth.

Stachyris ruficeps, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 452 (1847) ;

Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 150. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 332.

The rufous-headed Stachyris.

Hab. Sikim ; Nepal. (No. 923, Hodgson’s Catalogue.)

‘* Allied in form and size to St. pyrrhops, but having the crown

light ferruginous, and the chin and middle of the throat white, with

142

slight black central streaks to the feathers ; rest of the upper parts

plain olive, and of the lower whitish, with a fulvous tinge on the

sides of the neck and breast’’ [in some specimens the crown and

nape are bright ferruginous, and the whole under-parts pale ferru-

ginous]. Bill and legs pale horn-colour.

Length 42 inches; of wing 23th; tail 2 inches; bill to frontal

plumes ;4,ths; to gape ;6ths ; and tarse {ths of an inch.

Fam. Pirrip#, Vigors.

Subfam. Le1oTHRICcHINA.

Genus Ler1oTHrix, Swainson.

4. LeroTHRix CINEREA, Blyth.

Minla cinerea, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 449 (1847).

Leiothriz cinerea, Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beag. p. 100.

The grey Leiothriz.

Hab. S. E. Himalaya; Nepal. (No. 671, Hodgson’s Catalogue.*)

“Colour olive-grey above, tinged with green; beneath white,

tinged on the flanks with ashy, and showing some yellow along the

middle of the abdomen; a broad yellowish-white supercilium, and

over this a black one ; the coronal feathers margined with black, and

the cheeks mingled black and white ; orbital feathers subdued white ;

wings and tail without markings, the tertiaries edged with grey, and

the secondaries with very faint dull yellowish. Bill yellowish-horny

above, paler beneath, legs yellowish.”

* Length 43 inches ; of wing 2}; tail 13; bill to gape nearly 3ths ;

and tarse 3 of an inch.”

Allied in form and size to L. castaniceps.

4. Notes on THE Hasirts or Inp1AN Birps. Part IV.

By Lieut. BurGess.

Family SyLviap&.

Genus THAMNOBIA.

THAMNOBIA FULICATA. INDIAN Rosin.

This bird is well known in the Deccan, and is found not only about

villages, walls and outhouses, but is also common on low stony hills.

Dr. Jerdon says that “‘its familiar habits have gained for it its name

of Indian Robin.” It breeds during the months of March, April

and May, building its nests in holes of walls and rocks, as also

* No. 887 of Mr. Hodgson’s Catalogue was attached to this bird, which number

was previously used for Loxvia himalayana; the above number being unoccupied,

it is retained for the present species.

143

in hollows under tussocks of grass. I subjoin some notes on the

subject :—‘“‘ May 9, 1850. When passing outside the wall of a town,

an Indian Robin flew off the wall and hovered before me, uttering a

sharp hissing ery. Knowing by her manner that she had a nest near,

I searched in the wall and found the nest, composed of rotten grass

and straw, and some threads of woollen cloth; the nest contained

three young ones, quite unfledged ; their skin was of a black-lead

colour.’’—‘‘ March 19, 1851. Found in a hole in the rocks the nest

of the Indian Robin, containing two eggs.’”’—“ March 27, 1851.

Found the nest of the Robin, containing two eggs, built at the foot

of a little tuft of grass, in a hole amongst the roots.”

The egg of this bird is of a very pale dusky blue spotted all over

with light brown, and a few purplish spots here and there; length

rather more than ,8,ths of an inch, by ;5,ths in width.

Dr. Jerdon says: ‘I have twice seen the nest of this bird; once,

built among a heap of large stones raised from a boury, and the bird

made its nest during the time the well was being blasted, and con-

tinued the process of incubation till the young ones were hatched,

when it was accidentally destroyed. On the other occasion it had

built its nest in a hole inside the wall of a house. It has four

eges, light dusky bluish colour, spotted with purplish brown.”

Genus Prinia.

PRINIA INORNATA, Sykes. Common WreN WARBLER.

I believe that the nest and egg herewith forwarded, are the

nest and egg of this little Warbler, though, not having shot the

bird from her nest, I cannot say so positively. I think, however,

that Dr. Jerdon’s observation, though it differs in not mentioning

the spots on the eggs, partly corroborates it. He says: ‘I once

procured the nest of this species; it was open at the top, neatly

enough made of grass well interwoven, without any lining, and fixed

in a low bush very near the ground; it contained four blue eggs,”

The nest which I forward was found in the midst of some low jungle

shrub, about a foot from the ground, during the monsoon. The egg

is a little less than ;6ths of an inch in length, by rather more than

34;ths in width, of a rich blue ground, blotched and spotted with two

shades of red-brown and pale purple.

Tribe ConrrostREs.

Family Corvin.

Subfamily Corvinz.

Genus Corvus.

_Corvus spLeNnDENS, Vieill. Common InpIAN Crow.

All the noise and impudence of the tribe appear to be concentrated

in the Common Indian Crow. They abound, I believe, in every part

of the Indian continent ; and when to their number is added their

144

thievish character, some idea may be formed of the nuisance they

are. There is, however, a redeeming point in their character, viz.

that they are very efficient scavengers. An officer of the Bombay

army told me an anecdote illustrative of their sagacity, which he

himself witnessed. Some crows had been sitting near a young dog,

watching him whilst engaged with a bone. Having apparently con-

certed the plan, one of them alighted, stepped up and took a peck

at the dog’s tail; the dog, irritated, made a snap at the bully;

on which a comrade, who appears to have been ready, inade a dash

and went off with the prize. He told me that he had seen another

crow coolly walk off with a bit of bread, having actually taken it out

of the hand of a child who was eating it. No one who has not been

in India can form an idea of the noise which these crows make. In

the morning, in Bombay, the tops of some of the bungalows are

covered with them, squabbling and chattering, and it is reported that

these black gentry are not proof against the seducing influence of the

pots of toddy hanging up in the cocoa-nut trees. The juice of these

trees is harmless before the sun is hot, but if taken after, has a deci-

dedly inebriating effect. The common Crow begins to build at the

end of April, forming its nest of sticks. It lays four eggs, of a dull

greenish-blue, blotched and spotted with greenish-brown and grey,

1,4,th in. in length by rather more than | inch in width. The eggs,

however, differ in size and colour.

Corvus cutminatus, Sykes. Larce Biack Crow.

Less numerous, and of less intrusive and impertinent habits than

the last. It breeds at the same time, and lays the same number of

eggs as the Common Crow of India. The eggs are of a pale blue

dashed and spotted with olive and grey, | inch and rather more than

;i;ths of an inch in length, by 1 inch and rather more than ?,ths of

an inch in width. The eggs of this Crow also vary in size and colour.

Family SruRNIDx.

Subfamily SruRNINz.

Genus Pastor.

Pastor Tristis, Temm. Common Myna.

This sprightly talkative bird is common in Western India. It

lives in small flocks, and is a close attendant on cattle, walking

amongst them with a cheerful upright gait, its head inclined, now on

this side now on the other, watching for insects, all the while talking

and muttering with its peculiarly smooth and oily note. It is a great

favourite with the natives, who keep numbers of them in cages. The

Myna breeds during the month of May, making its nest in the holes

of trees and buildings, also in stacks and ricks. It lays as many as

six eggs, of a pale blue colour, | inch and rather more than {3,ths of

an inch in length, by 5%ths of an inch in width. Eggs out of the

same nest differ in size.

July 11, 1854.

J. S. Gaskoin, Esq. F.L.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. DescripTions oF TWENTY-THREE SPECIES OF HELICEA, FROM

THE CoLLEcTION or H. Cumine, Ese. By Dr. L. Pretrrer.

1. Hextx pacoputa, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, gradato-conoidea,

solidula, opaca, striatula et lineis impressis nonnullis obsoletis,

spiralibus sculpta, sub epidermide decidua fulva albida; spira

conoidea, apice obtusula ; anfract. 64, superis planis, 3 ultimis

carina compressa, acuta, subelevata munilis, ultimo subrecedente,

basi parum convexo ; apertura subdiagonali, angulato-lunari ;

perist. simplice, marginibus distantibus, supero brevi, recto, basali

ad insertionem subdilatato, adnato.

Diam. maj. 15, min. 14, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. 2

2. Hexvix Bevia, Pfr. H. testa perforata, globoso-turbinata,

tenuiuscula, confertim striaia, rufo-fusca, nitida; spira convexo-

conica, subtilissime mucronulata ; sutura levi, candido-marginata ;

anfr. 53 convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, spiram equante,

pallidiore, fascia lata albida cincto, basi inflato, circa perforatio-

nem pallido ; apertura parum obliqua, truncato-ovali, longiore

quam lata; perist. recto, margine dextro ab insertione statim

descendente, columellari substricto, declivi, superne breviter tri-

angulatim dilatato.

Diam. maj. 40, min. 34, alt. 28 mill.

Hab. Moluccas.

3. Henix Yorxensis, Pfr. H. testa subobtecte perforata, tur-

binato-depressa, tenui, capillaceo-striata, sericea, rubello-cornea ;

spira convexiusculo-conoidea, vertice subtili ; sutura levi, simplice ;

anfr. 5 convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descen-

dente, peripheria subangulato, basi nitidiore, medio impresso ;

apertura diagonali, rotundato-lunari, intus rubello-margaritacea ;

perist. simplice, recto, marginibus subconniventibus, columellari

supra perforationem calloso, dilatato.

Diam. maj. 10, min. 84, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Cape York, N. Australia.

4. Hexrx cumuuus, Pfr. H. testa perforata, turbinato-semi-

globosa, tenui, levissime striatula, nitida, fulvo-cornea; spira

convexo-conoidea, vertice subtili vir prominulo; sutura levi, sub-

marginata ; anfr. 54 vir cunvewiusculis, lente accrescentibus,

ultimo non descendente, peripheria subangulato, basi parum con-

vero ; apertura diagonali, lunari; perist. simplice, recto, mar-

No. CCLXIX.—Procrepines or THE ZooLoGicaL Socrety.

146

ginibus distantibus, columellari leviter arcuato, superne subdila-

tato-reflexo.

Diam. maj. 10, min. 9, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Manning River, E. Australia.

5. Heurx Orweria, Pfr. H. testa perforata, turbinato-depressa,

tenui, sub lente irregulariter capillaceo-striata, haud nitida, dia-

phana, cornea, strigis angustis rufulis notata ; spira convexiusculo-

conoidea, vertice subtili, acutiusculo; anfract. 5 planiusculis,

subexsertis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, sub-

angulato, basi planiusculo ; apertura obliqua, rotundato-lunari,

intus nitida ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vix convergenti-

bus, basali strictiusculo, columellari declivi, juxta umbilicum

angustissimum, pervium breviter reflexo.

Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 43 mill.

Hab. Australia?

6. Heiix zostreropnora, Pfr. H. testa subclause perforata,

conoideo-depressa, solida, oblique striatula et lineis spiralibus

confertissimis sub lente sculpta, albida, cingulo 1 castaneo ad

peripheriam, secundo fusco-aurantiaco supra illud et fuscia lata

fusca in basi ornata; spira conoidea, acutiuscula; anfract. 6

convewiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, rotun-

dato ; apertura vie obliqua, transverse auriformi ; perist. recto,

margine supero brevi, dextro perarcuato, columellari declivi, leviter

arcuato, superne calloso, dilatato, adnato.

Diam. maj. 34, min. 29, alt. 19 mill.

Hab. ?

7. Hevix vituaris, Pfr. H. testa perforata, convexo-depressa,

tenuiuscula, levigata, oleoso-micante, albido-cornea ; spira bre-

vissime conoidea, vertice subtili ; sutura levi, marginata ; anfract.

52 convewiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente,

peripheria rotundato, basi parum convexo; apertura obliqua,

lunari, intus submargaritacea ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus

vix convergentibus, columellari declivi, superne calloso, breviter

reflexo.

Diam. maj. 103, min. 94, alt. 53 mill.

Hab. Cape York, Torres Strait, Lizard Point, Australia.

8. Heurx catcuus, Pfr. H. testa latissime umbilicata, discoidea,

tenui, striatula, corneo-lutescente, rufulo obsolete strigata ; spira

plana, subimmersa ; anfract. 85, convexis, angustissimis, ultimo

non descendente, altiore quam lato, superne et basi subangulato ;

umbilico conoideo, ;1, diametri occupante ; apertura obliqua, erecto-

lunari ; perist. simplice, reciv, marginibus distantibus, basali

perarcuato.

Diam. maj. 10, min. 9, alt. 35 mill.

Hab. 2

9. HeLix HORIOMPHALA, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, lenticulari,

tenui, strits obliguis et spiralibus sub lente confertissime decussata,

147

viz nitidula, diaphana, pallide cornea; spira vix elevata, sub-

conoidea ; sutura lineari; anfract. 64 planiusculis, sensim accres-

centibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria acutissime carinato,

basi paulo convexiore, carina secunda in umbilico lato, cyathiformi

continuata munito ; apertura perobliqua, tetragona; perist. sim-

plice, recto, marginibus subparallelis, dextro subsinuato, basali

leviter arcuato, angulum cum columellari formante.

Diam. maj. 25, min. 22, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Japanese Archipelago.

10. Hetrx Gontompuata, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, conoidea,

solida, oblique ruguloso-striata, fulva ; spira convewo-conoidea,

obtusiuscula ; sutura plana, marginata; anfract. 6} planis, lente

accrescentibus, ultimo superne convexiore, non descendente, peri-

pheria subcompresse et acute carinato, basi planiusculo, circa

umbilicum perangustum, pervium distincte angulato; apertura

perobliqua, depresse securiformi; perist. recto, marginibus dis-

tantibus, supero simplice, antrorsum arcuato, basali calloso, in-

crassato, leviter arcuato, columellari angusto, breviter ascendente.

Diam. maj. 204, min. 19, alt. 93 mill.

Hab. 2

11. Hewurx Funtcuiata, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa,

tenuiuscula, undique subruditer granulata, nitidula, rufa; spira

brevissime convidea, obtusa; sutura subcanaliculata ; anfract. 6

convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus ; ultimo rotundato, supra peri-

pheriam fascia alba et carina funiformi cincto, antice descendente,

basi inflato, circa umbilicum mediocrem, profundum subcompresso ;

apertura perobliqua, subangulato-lunavi, intus margaritacea ;

perist. simplice, marginibus vix convergentibus, supero recto,

basali breviter reflexo, columellari superne dilatato, fornicatim

patente.

Diam. maj. 29, min. 24, alt. 14 mill.

Hab. Torres Strait, Australia.

12. Hexix curvipens, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-con-

oidea, solidula, undique minute granulata, alabastrina; spira

semiglobosa, vertice obtuso; sutura mediocri ; anfract. 4 sensim

accrescentibus, vir convexiusculis, ultimo antice viv descendente,

peripheria carina subfuniformi, rugulosa, alba cincto, basi con-

vexiore ; apertura perobliqua, subtetragono-lunari ; perist. sim-

plice, marginibus distantibus, dextro recto, columellari calloso,

perdilatato, introrsum dente elongato, curvato munito.

Diam. maj. 28, min. 24, alt. 17 mill.

Hab. 4

13. Herrx Maraccana, Pfr. H. testa aperte perforata, depressa,

tenui, levigata, irregulariter pustuloso-punctata, castaneo-cornea ;

spira vix elevata; vertice subtili; sutura distincte marginata ;

anfract. 54, viv convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo

latiore, non descendente, subdepresso, peripheria rotundato ; aper-

tura parum obliqua, late lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus

148

subconvergentibus, columellari breviter descendente, superne anguste

reflexo.

Diam. maj. 154, min. 13, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Province of Quedo, Straits of Malacca (Capt. A. Martin).

14. Hetix carneoxa, Pfr. A. testa angustissime umbilicata,

depressa, tenui, levigata, nitida, pellucida, rubello-cornea; spira

brevissime conoidea, vertice subtili, subprominulo ; sutura cana-

liculata, submarginata ; anfract. 6, convexiusculis, lente accres-

centibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria obsolete angulato,

basi planiusculo ; apertura obliqua, lunari ; perist. simplice, recto,

marginibus distantibus, basali leviter arcuato, columellari superne

dilatato, patente, perforationem perviam non occultante.

Diam. maj. 114, min. 10, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Ceylon.

15. Hetrx soxiputa, Pfr. H. testa subobtecte perforata, con-

oideo-semiglobosa, solidula, oblique costulato-striata, fulva ; spira

convexo-conoidea, vertice subtili, acutiusculo ; sutura submarginata;

anfract. 54, vir convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non

descendente, compresse et acute carinato, basi lineis spiralibus

obsoletis notato, medio impresso; apertura diagonali, angulato-

lunari ; perist. recto, marginibus distantibus, dextro recto, acuto,

columellari calloso, incrassato, perforationem angustissimam fere

claudente.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 11, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. i

16. Hexrx crasstpens, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, subglobosa,

solida, ponderosa, superne confertim arcuato-striata, unicolore

atro-fusca ; spira semiglobosa, obtusa; anfract. 5, vie convexius-

culis, ultimo antice deflexo, peripheria obsolete angulato, basi sub-

planato, radiato-striato, nitido; apertura diagonali, trisinuato-

lunari; perist. crasso, ceruleo-albido, marginibus callo crasso,

dentem validum, triangularem, transversum gerente junctis, dextro

brevi, vie refleviusculo, basali dilatato, intus dentibus 2 subequa-

libus munito.

Diam. maj. 163, min. 15, alt. 15 mill.

Hab. Martinique.

17. Hewrx susvitrea, Pfr. HA. testa umbilicata, trochiformi,

solidiuscula, oblique distincte striata, striis spiralibus tenuissimis

confertim decussata, sericina, lutescenti-hyalina; spira convexo-

conica, obtusula; anfract. 6, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus,

carina funiformi, exserta munitis, ultimo antice vix defiexo, infra

carinam medianam convexiore, antice turgidulo, juxta umbilicum

angustum subcanaliculato ; apertura perobliqua, subtriangulari-

lunari; perist. albo, nitido, marginibus remotis, dextro expan-

siusculo, columellari substricto, extus reflexo, intus subdentato, ad

insertionem in laminam fornicatam vitream dilatato.

Diam. maj. 201, min. 19, alt. 15 mill.

Hab. Moluccas.

149

18. Hexrx Srimpsoni, Pfr. H. testa anguste et pervie umbilicata’

depressa, solidiuscula, confertim striatula, oleoso-micante, rufo™

cornea; spira brevissime conoidea; anfract. 54 planiuscuiis,

sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, turgido, peripheria

obsoletissime angulato, basi distinctius striato ; apertura obliqua,

rotundato-lunari, intus nitida; perist. calloso, albo, undique br e-

viter refleco, marginibus conniventibus, dextro subhorizontaliter

abeunte, columellari subarcuato, sursum dilatato.

Diam. maj. 15, min. 13, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. China.

19. Hexrx Martini, Pir. H. testa umbilicata, conoideo-depressa,

tenui, oblique confertim subgranulato-striata, vix sericea, pallide

fulva; spira breviter conoidea, vertice subtili, obtusulo; anfract.

7-8, planiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo turgido, antice non

descendente, supra peripheriam subacute carinato ; umbilico an-

gusto, non pervio; apertura diagonali, oblique lunari, intus mar-

garitacea ; perist. albo, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, dextro

breviter expanso, superne subangulatim producto, basali paulo

latius revoluto, juxta umbilicum sinuato, subdilatato.

Diam. maj. 35-43, min. 31-37, alt. 16-21 mill.

Hab. Pedang (Capt. A. Martin).

20. Hrxix apprenpicutata, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, globoso-

depressa, solidula, oblique striata, fulvo-lutea, fusciis variis nigro-

castaneis ornata; spira brevi, convexa, vertice subtili non promi-

nulo; anfract. 6, viv convexis, ultimo rotundato, antice deflexo ;

apertura diagonali, rotundato-lunari, intus margaritaceo-albida ;

perist. simplice, atro-violaceo vel albo, marginibus subconvergenti-

bus, dextro expanso, basali reflexo, columellari supra umbilicum

mediocrem in appendiculam triangularem, planam, superne adnatam

dilatato.

Diam. maj. 41, min. 34, alt. 24 mill.

Hab. Australia.

21. Srrepraxis conoipeEA, Pfr. Str. testa anguste et pervie um-

bilicata, subregulariter conoidea, solidula, superne oblique costu-

lato-striata, virenti-alabastrina ; spira gradato-conoidea, apice

obtusa; anfract. 7, convewxis, lente accrescentibus, hine inde

varicosis, ultimo peripheria subangulato, antice vie deviante, basi

planiusculo, levigato, nitido; apertura diayonali, lunari, intus

margaritacea ; perist. undique breviter revoluto.

Diam. maj. 18, min. 16, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Province of Quedo, Straits of Malacca (Capt. A. Martin).

22. Srrepraxis Fortune, Pfr. Str. testa profunde arcuato-

rimata, subperforata, depresse ovata, tenui, pellucida, hyalina ;

spira laterali, apice subconoideo; anfract. 6, conveviusculis,

levigatis, ad suturam striatulis, penultimo varicoso, gibboso,

ultimo antrorsum deviante ; apertura perobliqua, late lunari ;

pariete aperturali lamella mediocri intrante munito ; perist. calloso,

150

albo, undique expanso et reflezo, margine dextro superne repando,

medio crassiore.

Diam. maj. 9, min. 64, alt. 52 mill.

Hab, Shanghai, China (Mr. Fortune).

23, ACHATINA FLEXUOSA (GLANDINA) Pfr. A. testa subfusi-

formi-oblonga, solida, longitudinaliter flexuose plicato-striata, alba,

epidermide fulva, strigis angustis castaneis irregulariter notata

induta ; spira conica, obtusa; sutura sublacera; anfract. 7, via

convexiusculis, ad suturam subcrenatis, ultimo antice deflexo,

spiram superante, bast attenuato ; columella arcuata, ad basin

aperture elongato-semiovalis abrupte truncata ; perist. obtuso,

margine dextro repando, medio anirorsum dilatato.

Long 53, diam. 20 mill.

Hab. q

2. DescrIPTIONS OF SEVEN SPECIES OF CYCLOSTOMACEA AND

AvuricuLaceEa, From Mr. Cumine’s CoLLectTIoN.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. CycLostoma castum (CycLostomus?), Pfr. C. testa umbi-

licata, globoso-turbinata, tenut, striis elevatis obliquis et spiralibus

confertissime reticulata, via nitidula, candida; spira breviter tur-

binata, vertice truncatulo; anfract. 5, convexis, rapide accres-

centibus, ultimo rotundato, fascia | obsoleta fulva infra medium

signato ; umbilico profundo, + diametri fere equante ; apertura

obliqua, subcirculari, intus concolore, nitida; perist. mediocriter

expanso et revoluto, margine columellari in laminam latis-

simam, superne adnatam, umbilicum semioccultantem dilatato.

Opere. ?

Diam. maj. 28, min. 22, alt. 16 mill.

B Anfractu ultimo antice longe soluto, dorso carinato.

Hab. Madagascar.

2. CycLosroma virco (CycLostomus?), Pfr. C. testa umbi-

licata, turbinato-globosa, depressiuscula, tenui, confertim striata

et liris spiralibus (quorum singulis validioribus) asperato-granu-

lata, haud nitente, diaphana, albido-fulvescente, castaneo tri-

fasciata ; spira breviter turbinata, vertice submamillari ; anfract. |

5, convevis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo rotundato; umbilico pro-

fundo, 3 diametri vir superante ; apertura obliqua, subangulato-

circulari, intus nitida; perist. dilatato, undique subrectangule

patente, nitido, albo, castaneo-maculuto, superne subfornicato,

margine sinistro crenulato, supra umbilicum in laminam magnam

superne adnatam dilatato. Operc. ?

Diam. maj. 26, min. 21, alt. 15 mill.

Hab. Madagascar.

151

3. CycLostoMa cHLORITICUM (CycLostomus?), Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, turbinato-depressa, tenuiuscula, oblique striatula et liris

confertis, inequalibus, basi validioribus cincta, vie nitidula, dia-

phana, albida, fasciis pallidissime lutescentibus ornata ; spira brevi,

submucronata; anfract. 5, convexis, rapide accrescentibus, ad

suturam depressis, marginatis, ultimo rotundato, non descendente ;

umbilico profundo, 4 diametri subequante ; apertura obliqua, sub-

circulari, intus nitida ; perist. simplice, marginibus fere contiguis,

supero sinuato, vix expansiusculo, basali reflexo, columellari dila-

tato, fornicatim patente. Operc. ?

Diam. maj. 34, min. 27, alt. 16 mill.

Hab. Madagascar.

4. CycLostoMA COMORENSE (OtToproma?), Pfr. C. testa sub-

obtecte perforata, ovato-conica, solida, longitudinaliter capillaceo-

striata et irregulariier rugosa, castanea, fasciis pallidis ornata ;

spira elongata, convexo-conica, obtusula; anfract.5, superis parum

convezis, spiraliter liratis, penultimo convexiore, ultimo rotundato,

spiram vix @quante; apertura obliqua, angulato-ovali; perist.

simplice, marginibus vix junctis, dextro recto, superne sinuato,

flexuoso, sinistro calloso, superne dilatato, supra perforationem

adnato. Operc. C. clathratuli.

Long. 16, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. Comoro Islands, Africa.

5. Metampus pupticatus, Pfr. WM. testa imperforata, oblonga,

solida, arcuato-striata, sub epidermide decidua, virenti-fulva alba ;

spira brevi, conoidea, obtusula; sutura obsoleta; anfract. 5-6,

contiguis, ultimo 2 longitudinis formanie, supra medium inflato,

basi parum attenuato ; apertura verticali, semielliptica, basi cana-

liculata ; pariete aperturali callo nodiformi et infra eum plica

lamelleformi transversa munito ; columella plicis 2 obliquis, pa-

rallelis duplicata ; perist. simplice, margine dextro leviter arcuato,

intus subcalloso.

Long. 10, diam. 54 mill.

Hab. 2

6. AuricuLa pacty.us, Pfr. A. testa imperforata, ovato-ob-

longa, solida, longitudinaliter ruditer striata, infra suturam sulcis

validis granulata (striis spiralibus in reliqua parte levibus), oli-

vaceo-fusca, nitida ; spira inflato-conica, apice obtusula, erosa ;

anfract. 7, superis planis, lente accrescentibus, penultimo lato,

inflato, ultimo non descendente, 2 longitudinis fere equante, supra

medium obsolete angulato, basi vix attenuato ; apertura vix obli-

qua, sinuato-semiovali ; plicis parietalibus 2 albis, superiore nodi-

formi, altera valida, obliqua; plica columellari vix torta, fere

verticali, introrsum subsulcata, extus ad marginem producta ;

perist. crasso, recto, margine dextro superne valde sinuato, intus

perincrassato, columellari dilatato, plano, adnato.

Long. 52, diam. max. 25 mill.

Hab. Borneo.

This species and the following one are allied to A. Jude, L.

152

7. Auricuua Cuinensis, Pfr. A. testa subrimata, ovato-oblonga,

solida, striis longitudinalibus et spiralibus minute granulata, fulvi-

da, castaneo-strigata ; spira conica, obtusa; sutura lineari, subla-

cera; anfract. 6,planiusculis, ultimo non descendente, 2 longitudinis

subequante, basi rotundato ; apertura verticali, sinuato-semiovali,

paulo supra basin latissima ; plicis parietalibus 2, superiore nodi-

formi, altera valida, compressa, subobliqua, callo longitudinali

pliceformi extus subjunctis; plica columellari valida, tecta;

perist. recto, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro intus valide

labiato, superne sinuato, columellari crasso, fornicatim reflexo,

adnato.

Long. 28, diam. 14 mill.

Hab. China.

3. DescriprTions or Two New Species or LAND SHELLS.

By J. S. GasKkorn.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXIX.)

1, Buuimus srvaricosus. (PI. XXIX. fig. 4). Testa oblongo-

ovata, turrita, solida, longitudinaliter rugato-striata, castaneo-

fulva; apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus 6-7 subventricosis, ad

suturas depressiusculis, ultimo 2 subequante teste longitudinis ;

apertura ovali, postice angulata, intus nitida rubeo-castanea,

varicibus valde prominentibus duobus, uno ab antica parte

aperture infra fornicem columelle extenso, altero medio labri

externt ad anticam partem aperture efformante ; peristomate

continuo, parte libera crassa, extus valde marginata albicante-

que, columellart incrassata, juata umbilicum reflexa ; umbilico

subobsoleto.

Long. 2,3,, lat. 1 poll.

Hab. in insula Lord Howe.

2. Herrx Soruix. Testa subdiscoidea, tenui, diaphana, parum

umbilicata, fulvescente, vix nitidula ; spira circa apicem rufes-

cente, apice obtusa, anfractibus 5-6 convexiusculis, celeriter

accrescentibus, ultimo antice paululum descendente, striis ele-

vatis spiralibus munitis, lineis tenuissimis undulatis irregulari-

ter transversim decussatis ; basi rotundata, confertim spiraliter

levius striata; apertura obliqua, semiovali, intus pallidiore,

nitidissima ; peristomate simplice, recto, ad umbilicum reflexo.

Alt. ;&, diam. maj. 1,8, diam. min. 1, poll.

Haé. in insula Lord Howe.

153

July 25, 1854.

John Gould, Esq. F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Descriprion or A New Species OF REGULUS, FROM

Maperra. By Epwarpv VeRNon Harcourt.

** Mr. Gould exhibited two specimens of a new spzcies of Regulus,

from Madeira, belonging to Edward Vernon Harcourt, Esq., and at the

request of that gentleman gave them the name of Regulus Maderensis.

Mr. Gould remarked that there could be no doubt of their specific

value, as they not only differed from all the other European species,

but from all the known species of the group. The following notes

from Mr. Harcourt are given in his own words.

** This bird, which is a true Regulus, differs from all the three Euro-

pean species ; namely, cristatus, ignicapillus and modestus. It may

be described as follows :—

« Recuius MADERENSIS.

“ Beak black ; forehead white, the white extending backwards and

forming a small band ; base of the crest black, the crest bright orange,

differing in this respect from the ignicapillus, the crest of which is

fiery red; from the beak to the eye a small black band, not extend-

ing beyond the eye, in which respect it also differs from ignicapillus ;

upper part of the neck and the whole of the back olive-green, with a

bright mark of orange-yellow on each side of the neck ; greater wing-

coverts brownish-black, and tipped with buffy-white, forming a band ;

primaries brownish-black, with a narrow external edging of green ;

secondaries similar, but with a broad velvet black mark at the base ;

tail-feathers brownish-black, tinged with greenish-yellow on the outer

web; chin and throat white slightly tinged with green; under sur-

face white tinged with yellowish-green; under wing-coverts white ;

legs pale brown.

“Total length, 4 inches; from the carpus to the end of the wing

2.3,; tarsus, 2.

‘Believing so small a bird to have but a limited range, and not

finding it recorded among the birds of the Canary Islands by Webb

and Berthelot, or among the birds of Africa, I am induced to regard

it as new, and have ventured to propose for it the name of Regulus

Maderensis.

**The sex of the birds I examined was not noted; but from the

brightness of their colours, which surpassed those of the ignicapillus,

they were probably males.

“This species lives in the laurel forest and in the urze (or tree

heaths) in the northern and more unfrequented parts of the island of

Madeira. I have frequently seen it on the wing, but could never get

near enough to hear its voice.”

154

2. DEscRIPTION OF A NEw Species or Momorus.

By Joun Govuxp, F.R.S. Etc.

Mr. Gould exhibited a species of Momotus, which he had had in

his collection for many years, and which he believed to be entirely

new to science. It is most nearly allied to the Momotus Mewicanus,

but differs from that species in its much larger size, in the deeper

chestnut-colour of the head, and in having a greyish-white mark

under the eye, in lieu of the rich blue one observable in M. Mevwica-

nus. These differences induce Mr. Gould to consider it to be distinct ;

in which opinion he was greatly confirmed by finding other examples,

precisely similar in colour, in the fine collection of the late Earl of

Derby, now in Liverpool. He therefore proposed for it the name of

Momorus CASTANEICEPS.

Crown of the head very deep chestnut, gradually blending on the

back of the neck into the reddish grass-green of the back and wing-

coverts ; primaries and secondaries bluish green on the external web

and next the shaft on the internal web, the remainder of the feathers

being brownish-black, largely margined with buffy-yellow at the base,

and with black shafts; upper tail-coverts and tail bluish-green, the

latter with black shafts, and the spatulate terminations of the two

centre feathers largely tipped with black ; lores and lengthened ear-

coverts black, the latter bounded above by a narrow line of blue;

beneath the eye a narrow streak of greyish-white, bounded above by

a finer streak of blue; under surface very pale green, becoming of a

still paler and more buffy hue on the vent; on the centre of the

breast a few lanceolate pendent feathers of a deep velvety black,

narrowly bordered with pale blue; bill black ; feet brownish-black.

Total length, 153 inches; bill, 2; wing, 54; tail, 82; tarsi, 11.

Hab. Guatemala.

3. On THE ANATOMY OF THE GREAT ANTEATER

(MyRMECOPHAGA JUBATA).

By Proressor Owen, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S.

Professor Owen read a paper on the Anatomy of the Great Ant-

eater (Myrmecophaga jubata). The animal dissected was a full-

grown female ; it was received at the Gardens September 29, 1853,

and died July 6, 1854. It weighed 62lbs.; the weight of the brain

was 30z. avoir. The nipples were two in number, post-pectoral in

position ; the vulva and vent opened by a common cloacal aperture.

The integument was thick ; well-developed dermal muscles attached

it to parts of the skeleton: the extent and attachments of these were

described. The position of the viscera on opening the abdominal

cavity was detailed. The intestinal canal is supported by one broad

fold of peritoneum, as in reptiles. A long narrow continuous gland

extends along the base line of the mesenteric part of the fold, and a

parallel series of detached glands along the mesocolic part. Other

155

modifications of the peritoneum were described in relation to the

support and connection of other viscera. The stomach consisted of

two parts, a cardiac or membranous, and a pyloric or muscular part.

The cardiac part is a subglobular cavity, measuring when distended

9 inches in its longest diameter, 7 inches in depth from the cardia,

to the left of which the cavity bulges about 4 inches. The circum-

ference of the cavity is 18 inches. The pyloric part is 3 inches in

both longitudinal and vertical diameter, 24 inches across; its mus-

cular part is so thick that it may be called a gizzard: it has not how-

ever the thick callous epithelial lining of a true ornithic gizzard.

The lining membrane of the stomach, as compared with that of the

cesophagus, becomes more vascular and is furnished with a thinner epi-

thelium at the cardiac orifice; but the lining membrane for some

distance from that orifice, and between it and the entry to the gizzard,

is smoother and covered by a thicker layer of epithelium than in the

rest of the cardiac cavity, where the ordinary vascular villous gastric

surface prevails : the one modification passes insensibly into the other.

When fully distended, the cardiac cavity is smooth ; as it contracts,

the lining membrane falls into rugeze, very minute and irregular near

the cardia, thicker and larger at the greater curvature, and assuming

a longitudinal direction as they approach and converge towards the

entry to the gizzard: at this part the folds were ten in number. In

the distended stomach of the female Anteater the transverse diameter

of the aperture was 1 inch 3 lines; its vertical diameter from 3 to 4

lines; the distance from it to the cardia, 3 inches.

In the smaller male Anteater, subsequently dissected, the gizzard

was 2 in. 3 lines in length and 2 in. 9 lines in depth.

Vertically and longitudinally bisected, the cavity of the gizzard

appeared as a gently bent canal about a line in diameter, suddenly

expanding near the pylorus to receive a valvular prominence from

the upper muscular wall, which projected towards that opening. The

vertical thickness of the muscular wall above the canal was 1 inch

10 lines, below the canal 1 inch.

In the female Anteater Prof. Owen divided the gizzard, previously

injected and distended withalcohol. Whenthe gizzard was divided verti-

cally and transversely the cavity presented a crescentic figure, with the

horns directed upwards, on each side a large fleshy protuberance which

descended into the cavity. On the lower part of the protuberance

are three or four thick angular longitudinal ridges, which fit into the

interspaces of similar ridges along the lower part of the cavity. The

epithelium of the protuberance is thicker than that of the rest of the

cavity, concealing in a greater degree, but not wholly, the vascula-

tity of the subjacent injected membrane: the cellulo-vascular layer

uniting the mucous with the muscular coats is most abundant at the

walls of the gizzard opposite the protuberance. The thickness of the

muscular wall, from the upper part of the gizzard to the bottom of

the protuberance, is 2 inches, that of the lower wall of the gizzard

6 lines: the difference of thickness here, as compared with the same

part in the smaller Anteater’s stomach, is due to the more contracted

state of the gizzard in the latter animal.

156

On exposing the pylorus from the duodenal side, it presents the

form of a crescentic aperture | inch in diameter, but reduced to a

transverse figure by the pressure of the upper protuberance against

its inferior thickened ridge: the mucous membrane of both parts is

produced into longitudinal wavy ruge. A second pylorus might be

described where these rugze abruptly terminate and where the smooth

surface of the duodenum begins: this aperture presents a full oval

form, 1 inch 2 lines by 9 lines, when that intestine is distended.

The length of the animal, from the muzzle to the vent, was 4 feet

7 inches; the length of the head, 14 inches; of the tail, 33 inches.

The length of the intestinal canal was 34 feet, the small intestines

measuring 30 feet. The ileum, with a circumference of | inch 9 lines,

rapidly expands at its termination to form the colon, without any

czecal beginning of the latter gut. This presents a circumference of

94 inches near its commencement, and gradually decreases to a cir-

cumference of 6 inches at the rectum. The inner surface of the first

half of the small intestines is smooth and even; the last half, or

ileum, is characterized by a single continuous longitudinal fold of the

mucous membrane from 2 to 3 lines in breadth, extending along the

side of the gut opposite the attachment of the mesentery. The modi-

fications of the colon and rectum were described.

The weight of the liver was 28 oz.; that of the spleen, 2 oz.

6 drachms; that of the pancreas, 2 0z.: the form and structure of

these viscera and of the gall-hladder were described. The renal and

generative organs were next referred to.

The disposition of the pleura in the thorax, and the form and

structure of the thoracic viscera were detailed. A peculiarity was

noticed in the right auricle of the heart: the entry of the inferior

cava was guarded as usual by the eustachian valve, the homologue

of the posterior of the two semilunar valves which guard the com-

munication between the sinus and the auricle in the heart of Rep-

tiles; in the great Anteater there is a narrower valvular fold or ridge

on the opposite side of the orifice of the inferior cava, answering to

the anterior valve in the Reptiles’ auricle, and a ridge is continued

from both valves in the Anteater, towards the opening of the supe-

rior cava.

Of the salivary glands of the Anteater the submaxillary pair were

those most developed and modified to supply the unusual quantity

of adhesive saliva with which the long, slender and moveable tongue

is bedewed: these glands extended over the fore part of the neck

and chest, and were upwards of 16 inches in length and 2 inches in

thickness.

The parotid gland retained its ordinary proportional size and rela-

tive position. The sublingual gland was represented by an exten-

sively diffused thin layer of follicles, opening by many small pores

upon the inner surface of the mouth. The labial glands were small,

as were also the tonsils.

The muscles of the jaws were described.

The cavity of the mouth is susceptible of great dilatation, and pre-

sents the peculiarity of being extended far back beyond the root of

_—-”

Wolf. lith . M & N. Hanhart,]

CHLOROSPINGUS MELANOTIS. Seater

LP, lith M&N Hanhart, Hil

TACHYPHONUS XANTHOPYGIUS,?%. Savele

157

the tongue. The author accordingly defines, in his description, a

postlingual and a prelingual part of the mouth. A hard longitudinal

cartilaginous ridge projects downwards into the mouth from the inner

side of each ramus of the jaw. The author conceives that the ter-

mites may be crushed by the action or pressure of the tongue against

those callous ridges, which seem to occupy the place of teeth. A

fossa descends between the epihyals, which the author called the epi-

hyal pouch. The hyoid-arch has no immediate connection with the

tongue, but is situated far behind the tongue, preserving its usual

relations with the larynx.

The thyroid is ossified ; the cricoid and arytenoids are cartilaginous.

The total length of the nasal passages is 22 inches, the last 8 inches

being muscular and membranous, and extended backwards beyond

the base of the skull, where the canals terminate in most other

mammals.

The antero-posterior diameter of the base of the tongue was 3}

inches ; it rapidly diminishes to a cylindrical form, with a diameter

of 8 lines, and is thus continued for 18 inches, gradually decreasing

to its obtuse apex, which is 1 line in breadth. This long cylindrical

tongue is composed almost wholly of muscular fibres, and covered by a

smooth epithelium ; the only papillee are two fossulate ones (papille

vallate) on the dorsum, about 2 inches in advance of the frenum ;

the muscles of the tongue and their action were minutely described ;

also those of the larynx and pharynx.

The brain, which weighed only 3 oz., presented a narrow, elon-

gated, depressed form, the back part of the cerebral hemispheres

resting against, but not overlapping, the cerebellum. The hemi-

spheres showed a few symmetrical convolutions ; they were united

by a large corpus callosum: the olfactory lobes are very large and

hollow. Many plexuses and other peculiarities of the vascular system

were noticed.

This memoir will appear, illustrated with numerous figures, in the

Transactions of the Society.

4. Descriptions or Two New TANAGERS IN THE BRITISH

Museum. By Putiuie Luruey Scuatrer, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. LX VIII. and LXIX.)

1. CHLOROSPINGUS MELANOTIS, Sclater (Pl. LXVIII.). C. supra

nigro-plumbeus, dorso imo brunnescentiore : alis caudaque brun-

nescentibus, illis penitus nigricantibus : loris et capitis lateribus

cum regione auriculari nigris: subtus pallide ochraceo-rufus,

mento summo nigricante ; ventre medio dilutiore : rostro nigro :

pedibus pallidis.

Long. tota 5°25 poll., alee 2°5, caudee 2°25.

fTab. in Nova Grenada. Mus. Brit.

Obs. Species rostro et forma Chlorospingo atropileo similis, sed ab

hoe et aliis hujus generis colore corporis inferi ochraceo-rufo facile

distinguenda,

158

This little species, of which there are two examples in the National

Collection, both apparently Bogota skins, differs from all its conge-

ners in the colouring of the lower surface of the body, which is of a

pale reddish buff, growing much whiter in the middle of the belly.

Above the: plumage is lead-coloured, with a greenish tinge super-

induced towards the lower part of the back. The wings and tail are

brown, with slight greenish edgings ; the ear-coverts and whole side

of the face are black. In the second specimen, apparently not so

mature, there is a light-coloured spot on the front, just above the

nostrils. The bill of this species agrees with that of Chlorospingus

atropileus, (Lafr.), in size, but is rather straighter im form, as in

C. verticalis, (Lafr.).

2. TACHYPHONUS XANTHOPYGIUS, Sclater. (Pl. LXIX.). T.nigro-

cinereus, subtus dilutior: axillis et tectricibus subalaribus albis :

dorso postico citreo-flavo: rostro et pedibus nigris.

Long. tota 5°8, alee 3-1, caudze 2°5.

Hab. in Nov. Grenada. Mus. Brit.

This bird seems intermediate between Tachyphonus and Pyranga,

and might be placed in either of these groups. The white axillary

feathers point to the former genus, the yellow rump to the latter.

The bill, however, is more compressed than is usual in Pyranga, and

agrees nearly with that of Tachyphonus coronatus,(Vieill.). The upper

plumage has a mottled appearance, caused by the feathers being cen-

trally black and broadly edged with cinereous. In the middle of the

back is a perceptibly greenish gloss. The only examples I have seen

of this as of the former species are in the British Museum, where

Mr. G. R. Gray’s uniform kindness affords me every opportunity of

studying the collection under his care.

5. Norrs on THE Hanits oF some INDIAN Brrps.—Parr V.

By Lieut. BurGess.

Family StrurNID&.

Subfamily SruRNIN#.

Genus Pastor.

Pasror Rosrevs, Temm. Tue Rose-coLourepD Pastor.

This bird visits the Deccan in immense flocks to feed on the grain

called jowaree which begins to ripen in the month of November, and

is cut about March. The arrival of these birds is uncertain, in some

years being earlier, in others later. On referring to notes made at

the time, I find that in the year 1848 the first Rose-coloured Pastor

was seen on the 28th of November, and the last on the 5th of April

1849. The first which I observed in the autumn of that year, was

on the 16th of November. In the year 1850, I saw a large flock as

early as the 24th of August; I transcribe the note: “August 24,

159

1850. Saw a large flock of the Rose-coloured Starlings with their

broods to-day feeding in an open field, evidently on insects, as they

were constantly in chase of them, flying.” I never saw this bird so

early as it was that year, and they arrived long before the jowaree

was ripe. This grain when ripe, and before it is ripe, is their staple

food. After it is cut and housed, I have observed them busily feed-

ing on the flowers of the leafless Caper, a shrub very common in

many parts of the Deccan, especially on the banks of the larger

rivers. I have made many, but hitherto ineffectual attempts, to

ascertain where these birds breed; that they do breed somewhere on

the continent of India, there can be no doubt, as the young birds

which I saw on the 24th of August 1850, were in brown plumage,

and appeared as if they had not long left the nest. I was informed

by a clever and well-informed Mharatta, who seemed to have con-

siderable knowledge of the habits of various birds, that the Rose

Starling retires to the Ghauts to breed. On visiting those mountains

in 1849, I made many inquiries of the hill people, but was unsuc-

cessful in getting any information from them. However, I think

it very probable that these birds, after leaving the Deccan in March

and April, break up into pairs, and retire to the ravines and forests

in the Ghauts to breed. Like the common Starling, these birds con-

gregate in immense flocks before going to roost, and it is a curious

sight to watch their movements as they fly in clouds over their night

haunts. Towards sunset they begin to collect from the grain-fields,

and fly off in detached parties, at first containing only a few indivi-

duals. These soon amalgamate, and form large masses, which, as

they dash, now upwards and now downwards, now in circles, at

one time almost disappear, at another look like a rapidly passing

cloud. As soon as the sun is down, they retire to the babool

brakes that clothe the banks of the streams and rivers. These birds

collect in such numbers on the small bushes and trees on the out-

skirts of the grain-fields, as to make them appear as if loaded with

rich, rosy blossoms, and to make one wonder that the tree is not

broken down with their weight.

Family FrinGitiip&.

Subfamily CoccoTrHRaustiIn&, Swain.

Genus EvriLectes, Swain.

Evp.Lecres (BENGALENSIS?).

I forwarded a paper on the nidification, habits, &c. of this little

bird, together with specimens of the skins, nests and eggs, in the

year 1852. The paper was read, and the specimens exhibited at the

meeting of the Society on July 27th, 1852. Repetition therefore is

needless.

160

Genus AmADINA, Swain.

Subgenus SPERMESTES.

SrermesteEs Cueet, Sykes.

This is a very common little bird, living in flocks, to be found in

hedges and low bushes, and is, I believe, partial to those of the leaf-

less Caper. It breeds, I conclude, twice in the year, as I have found

its nest in the months of November and March. The nest in two

instances was formed of the flower-stems of the silk-grass, which is

abundant in the beds of streams; it was lined with feathers and the silky

seeds of the grass; its shapewas that of a hollow ball. The largest num-

ber of eggs I have found was six, but I see that Col. Sykes found as

many as ten. The eggs are very small and of a pure white colour,

rather more than ;&ths of an inch long by ,5,ths of an inch wide.

These little birds are often to be seen on the ground picking up

grass-seeds, and so close together that several may be killed at a shot :

they do not take long flights, but merely from bush to bush. I saw

numbers of them in the leafless Caper on the banks of the river

Bheema.

Subfamily FRInGILLInNz.

Genus Pyrerra, Swain.

PyrGiTa DOMESTICA. HovusE-SPARROW.

Common enough in India. It breeds during the monsoon. I saw

them building in the month of August, and its habits, mode of

building its nest, &c., are similar to those of the Sparrow at home.

PYRGITA FLAVICOLLIS, Frankl. YELLOW-NECKED SPARROW.

Of the time of breeding or nesting habits I know nothing, but

Dr. Jerdon in his Catalogue says, “It is said to breed in holes of

trees. The egg is of a greenish-white, much streaked and blotched

with purple-brown : I obtained one from the body of a female.”

Genus EMBERIZA.

EMBERIZA MELANOCEPHALA, Jerdon.

This handsome Bunting is very common in the Deccan when the

grain crops are becoming ripe. The Patel or headman of the town

of Jintee, near the river Bheema in the Deccan, assured me that these

birds, or some of them, remain to breed in the thick babool copses

that clothe the banks of the river near that town, but I did not ob-

tain the nests or eggs. I believe that the greater part migrate much

about the same time as the Rose-coloured Pastor.

161

Subfamily ALaupINz.

Genus ALAUDA.

Aaupa Deva, Sykes.

I have some eggs which I believe to be those of this lark, though

on account of the similarity of the two or three species that inhabit

the Deccan it is very difficult to state this positively. I obtained the

eggs on the 11th of September; the nest was composed of a few stems

of grass collected together, and forming a very slight receptacle for

the eggs. Birds of this species breed twice during the year; I have

obtained their eggs during the months of May, September, and Oc-

tober. They lay but two eggs, of a pale mottled brown colour,

with a band of the same round the larger end; they are rather

more than ;4,ths of an inch long by nearly ,5>ths of an inch wide.

6. Caratocus Moxtiuscorum PNEUMONATORUM INSULARUM

MapeERENSIUM: oR A List OF ALL THE LAND AND FRESH-

WATER SHELLS, RECENT AND FossiL, OF THE MabDEIRAN

IsLANDS: ARRANGED IN GROUPS ACCORDING TO THEIR Na-

TURAL AFFINITIES ; WITH DIAGNOSES OF THE GROUPS, AND

OF THE NEW OR HITHERTO IMPERFECTLY DEFINED SPECIES.

By R. T. Lows, M.A., Corresponpinc MEMBER OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ETC.

The list of Madeiran Land Mollusks has been considerably extended

of late years, in some measure by my own researches, but incompa-

rably more by the discoveries of Mr. Wollaston and Mr. T. 8. Lea-

cock. To the penetrating eye and accurate discriminative powers of

the first-named able and accomplished naturalist are due not less

than thirty species, which had hitherto escaped notice; belonging

principally to the genus Pupa, yet comprising several fine and some

most curious new forms of Helix: whilst his rich collections of dcha-

tina in Porto Santo have enabled me to establish at least twice the

number of species previously found there, and to fix, on more sub-

stantial grounds, the diagnoses of the rest. Mr. Leacock also has

discovered several new species, and by his exact observations helped

materially in many cases to confirm or elucidate the characters

assigned to those already noticed.

These additions being so considerable, it seemed better, instead of

intercalating them in a late republication of some former papers on

the Fauna and Flora of Madeira*, to furnish in a distinct form a

fresh and complete list of all the species, recent and fossil: giving

the diagnoses of those only which remain imperfectly described, or

which have been discovered since 1830; and reserving fuller details

* Primitiz et Novitie Faunz et Flore Mader et Portis Sancti, &c. Cum

Appendice. Van Voorst, London, 1851.

No. CCLXX.—Proceepincs or THE ZooLoeicat Soctery.

162

for a larger work on the whole subject. Such a catalogue, contain-

ing some account of every ascertained native species, will be accept-

able, it is believed, at once to the geologist and helicologist.

The groups into which the species are distributed were chiefly set-

tled previously to my acquaintance with the very useful work of

Dr. Albers, entitled ‘Die Heliceen, nach Natirlicher Verwandt-

schaft,’ &c.; Berlin, 1850: but I gladly embrace this occasion to

acknowledge my obligations in various particulars to that interesting

and important work, and to record my recollection of much pleasant

intercourse and friendly communication in Madeira, during the winter

of 1850-51, with its able author.

Lea Rectory, June 12th, 1854.

MOLLUSCA GASTEROPODA PNEUMONATA.

Division A. TERRESTRES.

Family I. Limacip2.

Genus 1. Arron, Fér.

1. A. aver (L.) var. limbata. Limaz ater var. ¢, Mill. Verm. i.

7 A. empiricorum var. 1, Fér. Tabl. p. 17. 4. empiricorum varr.

et 0, Prim. Faunee et Fl. Mad. p. 39, nec. Fer.

Hab. in Madera.

Genus 2. Limax, (L.) Fer.

2. L. Gacates, Drap. var. «. nigra, Fér. Tabl. p. 22. L. gagates,

Drap. p. 122. t. 9. f. 1, 2. L. antiquorum var. a, Prim. p. 39, nec

Fér.

Hab. in Madera.

3. L. cinereus, Mill. (maximus, L.) var. pardalis. L. anti-

quorum var. €, Fér. Tabl. p. 20.

Hab. in Madera.

4, L. ruavus, L. var. virescens. L. variegatus, Drap. p. 127.

L. variegatus 3, Fér. Tabl. p. 21; Prim. p. 39.

Obs. L. antiquorum 4, Prim. p. 39, hic potius quam (ut in Prim.

ed. 2. (1851) App. p. vi) ad L. antiquorum var. 4, Fér. (L. cinereus

3, Drap.) referas.

Hab. in Madera.

5. L. agrestis, L.

Var. punctata. L. agrestis 3, Mill. p. 9; Drap. 126. t. 9. f. 9.

L. agrestis e, Fér. p. 21; Nilss. p. 9; Prim. p. 39.

Var. maculata. L. reticulatus, Mill. p. 10. L. agrestis 3, Nilss.

p- 9. L. agrestis y, Fér. p. 22; Prim. p. 39.

Hab. in Madera.

163

Family II. Testace.uips.

Genus 1. Trsracexua, Cuv.

6. T. HaLioTipFA, Drap. 121. t. 8. f. 43-48, et t. 9. f. 12-14.

Testacellus haliotideus, Fér. p. 26; Sow. Gen. f. 1-6; Gray, Man.

p. 124. t. 3. f. 19, 20; Prim. p. 40.

Hab. in Madera, rariss.

Obés. Animal ochraceo-flavum.

7. T. Maveet, Fér. Tabl. pp. 26, 27; Sow. Gen. f. 7-10; Gray,

Man. p. 5. t. 3. f. 18; Prim. p. 40.

Hab. in Madera, parum vulg.

Obs. Animal olivaceo-fuscum, ora pedis aurantio-carnea.

Family TI. Hexicrp2.

Genus 1. Virrina, Drap.

8. V. TENERIFF#, Quoyet Gaim. Testa haliotidiformis valde de-

pressa squamato-planata transverse oblonga tenuissima membra-

nacea succineo-virente nitida levigata, sepe remote et obsolete lineis

impressis exoletis raris spiraliter sulcato-pectinata, striis trans-

versis accretionis vel subtilissime (oculo armato) quasi crenulato-

fimbriatis v. ciliato-striolulatis ; anfractibus duobus planatis,

ultimo vastissimo, sutura obsoleta, spira minima laterali planata

(apice depressa) intus incompleta aperta, columella (revera nulla)

laxe spirali aperturaque auriformi faciem inferiorem adequante ad

apicem usque patulis, peristomate infra et intus sepissime mem-

branaceo-limbato.

Animal pallide cinereum, corpore immaculato, pedis limbo intus

immarginato lines pallidis transversis tessellato.

Teste diam. maj. 15-17, min. 11-13, alt. 53-73, axis 3-3} mill.

Anfr. 2--23.

V. Teneriffe, Quoy et Gaim. (Dumont, Voyage de I Astrolabe)

Zool. vol. ii. p. 142, Atlas Moll. t. 13. f. 4-7 (animal), 8, 9 (shell),

9' (tooth of animal). V. Lamarckii, Webb, Syn. Moll. Canar. p. 7 ;

ejusd. Hist. Canar. tom. i. part . p. 53. no. 37; Pf. Mon. Hel.

i. 506. V. Ruivensis (Couth. MSS. Gould) Pf. ii. 507. V. Behnii,

Lowe, Syn. Diagn. p. 3. no. 1; Prim. (ed. 1851) App. pp. vii. xiii.

V. Lamarckii status, Prim. (ed. 1830) pp. 40, 68. t. 5. f. 14.

Hab. in Madera, vulg.

Speciem icone Primitiarum supra citata jam plures annos indicatam

primus mecum in Madera distinctam agnovit cl. Behn, Prof. Kielensis.

Nomen vero ejus in honorem jampridem datum, sed nuperius publice

factum, cedat priori cl. Quoy et Gaim. : qui rectissime pro specie a

V. Lamarckii, Fér. distincta (ut nuperrime compertum habeo) primi

ediderunt. Striole spirales quodammodo Haliotidis tuberculate L.

vel Sigareti haliotoidei Lam. omnino vero obsoletissimee.

164

9. V.mepta. T. parvula subhaliotidiformis v. sigaretiformis de-

pressa subplanata transverse oblongiuscula tenuis pellucido-succinea

subvirescens pallida nitidissima levissima; anfr. tribus convexi-

usculis, ultimo subplanato antrorsum oblique ampliato v. subpro-

ducto, sutura distinctiuscula subimpressa, spira parva subcentrali

convexiuscula (apice subprominula) intus completa; apertura sub-

lunato-auriformi antice oblique deorsum subproducto.

Animal (semel observatum) nigricans, corpore fusco, nigro macu-

lato, postice colloque lete roseo v. roseo-castaneo ; pede subtus

pallido, limbo fuscescente unicolore (nec tessellato) linea nigra in-

terrupta intus ‘marginato,

Diam. maj. 5-10 v. 113, min. 33-73 v. 8, alt. 23-43 v. 5, axis

1-2 v. 21 mill. Anfr. 23-3.

V. marcida, (Gould) Pf. ii. 507?

Hab. in Madera (Rib. Frio) rarior, et in Portu S®.

Obs. Inter V. Teneriffe et V. Lamarckii media, huic propior.

10. V. Lamarck (Fér.). T. helicoidea transverse subgloboso-

depressa v. subinflato-ventricosa bullata tenuis pellucido-succinea

aurea subvirescens nitidissima levigata, raro obsoletissime spira-

liter sulcato-pectinata et subrugulosa, striis accretionis subtilissime

crenulato-fimbriolatis ; anfr. 3-4 convexiusculis, ultimo subven-

tricoso, sutura distincta impressa, spira subcentrali convexiuscula

(apice prominula subexserta) intus completa; apertura transverse

lunato-ovali subrotundata, peristomate equaliter arcuato.

Animal nigricans, corpore fusco,nigro maculato; pede subtus pal-

Lido, limbo intus immarginato fuscescente unicolore (nec tessellato ).

Diam. maj. 113-143, min. 8-114, alt. 6-73, axis 33-4} mill.

Anfr. 3-34.

Helicolimax Lamarchii, Fér. Hist. t. 9. f. 9; Zool. Journ. iv.

338-344, tab. suppl. 38. f. 1-5.

Vitrina Lamarckii, Prim. 40. t. 5. f. la.

V. nitida, (Gould) Pf. ii. 507?

Hab. in Madera vulgatiss.

Obs. 1. V. Lamarckii, Webb et Berth. necnon cl. Pf. i. 506, ex

descriptionibus certissime ad V. Teneriffe, Quoy et Gaim. referuntur.

Synonymia ambas species amplectitur.

Obs. 2. Vitrinee tres Maderenses, sc. V. Teneriffe, V. media, et V.

Lamarckii, species tres Europeeas, sc. V. elongatam, V. diaphanam,

et V. pellucidam, Drap. miro perquam analogiz ordine repetunt.

Genus 2. Henix, L,

§ 1. Lepraxts.

(Typ. H. erubescens, Lowe.)

Teste imperforate (jun. perforate) subconoideo-globose, statu saltem

juniore subcarinate subtenues glabre levigate leviter ruguloso-

malleate late colorate fasciate. Anfr. 4-5, ultimo leviter cari-

165

nato, undique convexo-rotundato, antice deflexo carina evanescente.

Apertura lunato-rotundata. Peristoma fere rectum simpléx acutum

v. obtusiusculum, intus sublabiatum, marginibus equaliter omnino

rotundato-arcuatis, labris remotis disjunctis. Awis (se@pe roseus)

tenuis verticalis intrans, labro arcuatim junctus.

11. H. memsBranacea, Syn. Diagn. p. 3. no. 2. T. imperf.

depresso-globosa subcarinata tenuissima membranacea flexilis un-

datim ruguloso-malleata nitidiuscula roseo-flavescens rarius vires-

cens pellucida, opaco-lacteo ad carinam suturamque presertim

sed et alicubi coagulato-liturata, fascia carinali unica angusta

opaco-albida ; spira convexo-depressa, apice obtusa; anfr. 4, cito

crescentibus convexiusculis, ult. antice vix descendente, sutura

distincta ; apert. transverse lunato-ovali, labris disjunctis, lamina

ventrali tenuissima v. nulla; perist. columellaque simplicibus

acutis.

Diam. maj. 10-12, min. 83-104, alt. 7-9, axis 4-6 mill. Anfr.

4-43.

Vitrina marcida, (Gould) Pf. ii. 507?

Hab. in Madera vulg.

Obs. 1. Animal (vera Helix, nec Vitrina) pede vix intra testam

retractili.

Obs. 2. Cum H. furva juniore, cui simillima, haud confundenda.

Differt testa nitida leeviore, semper imperforata, membranacea tenuiore

flexili (potius quam fragili), pallidiore pellucidiore lacteo coagulatim

liturata efasciata, spiree anfr. convexioribus apice obtusiore, carina

obsoletiore nec fusco-fasciata v. tessellato-maculata.

12. H. rurva, Prim. p. 40. t. 5. f.2; Kiist. M. et C. p. 231.

no. 202. t. 29. f. 20-22; Pf.i. 29.

Hab. in sylvis Madere, rarior.

Obs. Neglectis prout levioribus varr. a. et §, Prim. 1. c., digno-

scuntur varr. duee : a. major, fusco tessellatim unifasciata (Prim. 1. ¢.

t. 5. f. 2; Kiist. M. et C. 1. c.); et 6. minor tenuior carina obso-

letiore.

13. H. eruseEscens, Prim. pp. 40, 41; Kiist. M. et C. p. 38.

no. 422; Pf. 1. 270.

Hab. in sylvis Maderee, et in Ins. Desertis.

Obs.1. Distinguuntur varr. 3 Maderenses (a, (3, yy) minores v. ma-

jores, fasciatee v. efasciatee, spira plus minus exserta, cum subvar.

rhodostomatibus v. leucostomatibus; adjecta var. 0, in Ins. Des.

Australi degente, maxima inflatiuscula tenuiore lete colorata roseo-

fulva, subquinquefasciata (H. hyena, Syn. Diagn. p. 3. no. 3).

Obs. 2. Icon. Prim. 1. c. t. 5. f. 3. ad Subv. 1, Kiisteri 1. c. t.

71. f. 5, 6. ad Subv. 2, var. a. referende.

Obs. 3. H. advena, Webb, Syn. Moll. Canar. App. p. 21. no. 1.

Exempla orig. typ. cl. Auct. in Mus. Brit. reposta, ad H. eru-

bescentis, var. y, nostram certissime pertinentia, ob characterem

peculiarem procul omni dubio ex Ins. Desertis Septentr. v. Majore

Media, nec (quod revera ipse cl. Auctor minime asseveravit) ex Ins.

166

Canariensibus proveniunt. H. erubescens ideoque Maderz Insulis-

que Desértis (in Portu S*° omnino deest) species adhue omnino pro-

pria.

§ 2. Katrostroma.

(Typ. H. phlebophora, Lowe.)

T. imperf. (jun. perf.) conoideo-globose, statu saltem jun. sub-

carinate, subsolidiuscule granulate plicate v. striate, lete colo-

rate fasciate. Anfr. 5, ult. angulato s. leviter carinato subde-

presso, antice valde et subito deflexo, penult. antice gibboso. Apert.

perobliqua prono-deflexa coarctato-rotundata v. ovalis plerumque

circinata. Perist. simpliciusculum rectum acutum v. obtusiusculum

subsolutum, labris conniventibus callo sepe relevato junctis v. con-

tinuis, basali axin versus incrassato dilatato-planato, Avis (ro-

seus) latens obsoletus.

14, H. puitezornora, Prim. p. 41; (H. nivosa, Sow., Fer. ;

H. exalbida, Wood; H. simia, Fér., sunt status albicantes v. deco-

lorati).

Obs. Varr. a. chlorata (Icon. Prim. 1. c. t. 5. f. 6); B. planata,

carinata; y. decolorata (H. nivosa, Sow. Zool. Journ. i. p. 56. t. 3.

f. 3; H. phlebophora, (Lowe) Kiist. M. et C. t. 7. f. 7,8); 0. scro-

biculata (H. craticulata, Syn. Diagn. p. 4. no. 6).

Hab, (m Madera nunquam) in Portu 8 insulisque parvulis proxime

circumjacentibus, nec alibi: a. vulgatiss.: 6. rariss.: y. (semifoss. et

recens) rarior: 0. vulg. in Ins. Ferro juxta Portum 8", nec alibi.

15. H. psammopuora, Syn. Diagn. p.4.no.5. T.imperf. subpyra-

midato-globulosa ecarinata solidiuscula subobsolete inequistriata

grossiuscule areolato-granulata, striolis tenuissimis obsoletis spi-

ralibus obliquas inequales (accretionis) rudiusculas subtilissime

decussantibus ; spira exserta pyramidata producta, apice acutius-

cula levigata, sutura impressa strictiuscula ; anfr. 53 convevis,

penult. antice gibboso, ult. antice longe rapideque descendente ;

apert. constricta coarctato-rotundata subcirculari; perist. con-

tinuo simplici acuto, axin versus dilatato-plano, labris conniventi-

bus continuis callo relevato junctis.

Diam. maj. 12-13, min. 11-12, alt. 12-10 mill. Anfr. 5-52.

Hab. in Portu S° semifoss. in arena calcarea, nec recens; vulg.

T. V. Wollaston.

Obs. H. phlebophore yy, forma habituque proxima. Sculptura

insigniter differt.

§ 3. Macuraria, Alb. p. 80.

(Typ. H. niciensis, Fé.)

T. imperf. v. obtecte perf. subgloboso-depress@ sepissime subcarinate

subtenuiuscule lete colorate interruptim s. maculatim fasciate.

Anfr. 43-5 convexiusculi, ult. depresso plerumque angulato s. le-

167

viter carinato, antice deflero. Apert. obliqua transverse lunato-

ovalis. Perist. acutum v. obtusiusculum labiatum, labris remotis

disjunctis, basali axin versus oblique adscendente parum strictius-

culo incrassato dilatato-reflexo v. expanso, raro colorato. Avis

latens obsoletus.

Obs. 1. Species Porto-Sanctano-Maderenses paullum aberrantes ;

prima (H. chrysomela) ad Archelicem Alb. tendente. H. fluctuosa

eodem ad H. chrysomelam gradu stare videtur quo H. Paciniana,

Phil. (vieta, Rossm.) ad H. muralem, Miill.

Obs. 2. Sectio Macularia per H. muralem, Mill. subundulato-

plicatam arcte Katostomatibus (7. phlebophore imprimis) adjuncta;

ut per H. serpentinam, Fér. et chrysomelam, Pf. ad Archelices

tendit.

16. H. curysomexa, Pf. T. imperf. globuloso-depressa (Arche-

licoidea) obtuse carinata v. angulata nitidiuscula distincte rugu-

loso-malleata ; spira convexiuscula, apice obtusa, sutura distincti-

uscula parum impressa; anfr. 5 planiusculis, ult. antice parum

deflexo, subtus subplanato, carina exacte media antice evanescente ;

apert. transverse ovato-lunata depressa; perist. recto incrassato

obtuso, axin versus strictiusculo calloso-dilatato convexo ; labris

remotis parallelis callo expanso subtilissime arenulato junctis ;

perist. intus calloque parietali coloratis (aurantio-fulvis v. ochra-

ceo-gilvis, raro citrinis v. cerinis).

Diam. maj. 9-10, min. 7-9, alt. 54-7, axis 4-5 mill. Anfr. 5.

HI. chrysomela, Pf. i. 281 (habit. ‘Brasilia”’ erronea) ; Ib. p. 447;

Kiist. M. et C. p. 241. no. 709. t. 113. f. 6-8.

HI. enostoma, Lowe MSS. olim.

Hab. in arena (recentiore?) calcarea Porttis S" semifossilis, nec

recens, ubi ipse a.p. 1828 abundanter inveni.

Obs. Testze optime conservatee, sed preeter faucem omnino deco-

loratze cretaceze sc. candidze subpellucido-flavescentes, lituris opaco-

lacteis coagulato-rugulose : quibusdam fasciis angustis fuscis subin-

terruptis evanidis v. indistinctis, duabus supra, unica infra carinam,

vittatis. Species elegans, Archelicis Alb. accedens, H. syriace (Ehr.)

Pf. i. 131 (HZ. onychina, Rossm.) etiam affinis.

17. H. rxuuctuosa, Syn. Diagn. p. 3. no. 4. T. imperf. de-

presso-trochoidea acute carinata obsolete ruguloso-malleata levi-

gata; spira plerumque depressa, apice obtusa, sutura obsoletius-

cula; anfract. 5} planatis, ult. antice parum deflexo, subtus sub-

planato, carina acuta antice obsoletiore ; apert. transverse ovato-

lunata depressa; perist. recto incrassato obtuso, axin versus

strictiusculo calloso-dilatato planato, labris remotis parallelis.

Diam. maj. 93-153, min. 83-14, alt. 53-10, axis 4-6 mill.

Anfr. 5-54.

Had. omnino fossilis in arena (vetustiore ’) calearea Portis S4, ubi

A.D. 1828 ipse perparce legi.—Vulg. T. V. Wollaston, 1849.

Obs. Variat forma magis globosa v. helicoidea, carina obsoletiore,

spira exsertiore; in H. chrysomelam transiens. Characteres vero

168

superstites (testis omnino fossilibus decoloratis etiam decorticatis),

necnon magnitudo, sicut etiam analogia H. Paciniane Phil. quoad

H. muralem Mill., pro distincta specie habendam suadent.

§ 4. Crypraxis.

(Typ. H. undata, Lowe.)

T. imperf. v. obtecte perf. (jun. perf.) depresso-globose, statu

saltem jun. subcarinate 1. angulate, subtenuiuscule glabre rugu-

loso-malleate v. undulato-corrugate granulate fasciate v. sub-

concolores. Anfr. 5, ult. depresso vix subangulato antice deflexo.

Apert. lunato-ovalis. Perist. simplex obtusum vix sublabiatum,

labris remotis disjunctis, basali strictiusculo avin versus oblique

adscendente et (sicut in Katostomatibus) incrassato dilatato-pla-

nato ecolorato. Asis latens obsoletus lamina planata obductus.

18. H. unpata, Prim. p. 41.t.5.f.5; Fér. i. 165. t. 46 A.f. 1;

Kiist. M. et C. p. 154. no. 593. t. 93. f. 3, 4; Pf. i. 191.

HH. corrugata, Sol. MSS. nee aliorum. H. seabra, Wood, Suppl.

t. 8. f. 62, nec alior. HH. Groviana, Fév. sec. Pf.

Hab. in Madera solum! vulgatiss.: nee alibi.

Species characteribus sat constans. Variat tamen valde magnitu-

dine, necnon spira plus minus depressa. Testee jun. v. pulli tenues

fragillimee umbilicatee tenuiter fere striatee, fascia carinali obscura

mox evanida.

19. H. vuncania, Syn. Diagn. p. 4. no. 7. T. imperf. subtur-

binato-depressa transverse subdiscoidea vix angulato-subcarinata

solidiuscula olivaceo-fulvu virescens fusco supra bifasciata ob-

lique crebristriata, striis equis distinctis subundulatis ; spira de-

pressiuscula, apice obtusissimo levigato sepe carioso, sutura di-

stincta ; anfr. 53 planiusculis, ult. depressiusculo obiusissime sub-

angulato, subtus planiusculo, antice longe declivi; apert. trans-

verse lunato-ovali; perist. patulo subreflero incrassato labiato,

intus costa annulari marginato purpurascente, axin versus dilatato,

labris conniventibus subapproximatis lamina tenui junctis.

Diam. maj. 21-28, min. 17-23, alt. 13-17, axis 94-12. mill.

Anfr, 54.

Hab. in Deserta majore et minore, rarior.

20. H. neontna, Syn. Diagn. p. 4. no. 8. T. imperf. depresso-

globosa orbiculata subinflata ecarinata tenuis fulvo-flavescens fusco

supra bifasciata obsolete undulato-striata ; spira conveviuscula

apice obtuso levigato, sutura distincta subimpressa; anfr. 6 con-

veviusculis, ult. inflato subtus convexo antice longe deciivi ; apert.

lunato-rotundata ; perist. recto simplici acuto purpurascente deor-

sum subpatulo vix reflexiusculo obtuso, axin versus dilatato, labris

subremotis lamina tenui junctis.

169

Diam. maj. 25-29, min. 22-25, alt. 20-22, axis 13-14 mill.

Anfr, 6.

Hab. in Deserta Australi, rarior.

Var. forsan preecedentis dies docebit.

§ 5. Campyia, (Beck) Alb. p. 81.

(Typ. H. hispana, L.)

T. late umbilicata orbiculato-depressa subplanospira fusco sepissime

vitiata, jun. sepe velutina. Anfr. 5-6, ult. magno depresso antice

valde deflevo. Apert. perobliqua rotundata, labris approximatis

callo junctis interdum continuis. Perist. labiato-reflecum umbili-

cum raro subobtegens.

21. H. Lowe1, Fér. (Bullet. de Zoolog. 1835, p. 89). T. aperte

umbilicata orbiculata e turbinato-globosa fere discoidea solidius-

cula lineis duabus fulvis bicingulata oblique crebristriata levigata,

jun. (hispido-)granulata; spira plus minus elevata aliquando

subplanato-depressa, apice levi punctulato obtusissimo, sutura

distincta ; anfr. 53 convewviusculis, ult. aliquando supra planato

obtuse angulato-carinato antice declivi ; umbil. mediocri pervio

(spirali) aperto; apert. lunato-rotundata subcirculari; perist.

reflexo-labiato expanso avin versus incrassato, labris subapproai-

matis callo junctis.

Diam. maj. 45-50, min. 39-45, alt. 29-40 mill. Anfr. 5-54.

Varr. adsunt duz : a, subglobosa leevigata spira altiore (H. Lowe?,

Fér. l.c.; Kiist. M. et C. t. 156. f. 1, 2; H. Porto-sanctana PB,

gigantea, Prim. 46. t. 5. f. 16; Pf. i. 368),—et 6, subdiscoidea

striata et granulato-punctata subcarinata, spira depressa, anfr. supra

planatis.

Hab. semifoss. (a. aliquando fere quasi recens) in Portu S*.

22. H. Portro-sancTAna, Sow.

Tres adsunt varr.: a, fulva, apert. purpurascente, umbil. sub-

obtecto (H. Porto-sanctana a, Prim. 46. t. 5. f. 15; Fér. i. p. 42.

t. 67. f. 9, 10; Sow. in Zool. Journ. i. 57. t. 3. f. 5 sinistra ; Kiist.

M. et C. p. 233. no. 696. t. 111. f.17-19; Pf. i. 367) :—A, albida,

apert. pallide carnea, umbil. submajore magis aperto (Sow. I. c. f.5

media cum animali, et 5 dextra) :—y, virescenti-albida efasciata.

Hab. in Portu S® (a. vulgatissima, (3. rarior, y. rariss.).

§ 6. Xeropuita, (Held) Alb. 74, pars.

Theba, Beck, pars.

(Typ. H. caperata, Mont.)

T. umbilicate orbiculate globoso-depresse subdiscoidee raro sub-

turbinate, statu saltem jun. angulato-carinate calcaree festive s.

170

lete et distincte colorato-fasciate nitidiuscule plerumque glabre

sepe argute striate, apice levi corneo. Anfr. 5-6 leniter cres-

centes, ult. antice non aut vir deflero. Apert. rotundata, labris

remotis. Perist. rectum acutum intus plerumque annulato-labiatum

aliquando simplex.

23. H. armruuata, Syn. Diagn. 4. no. 9; Kiist. M.et C. t. 155.

f. 60-63. 1. aperte umbilicata orbiculata subtus convexa sub-

globoso-depressa subcarinata cinerea v. pallide ochracea albo fus-

coque tessellatim fasciata et maculata arcte nitideque capillaceo-

striata, striis creberrimis e@quis transversis; spira convexo-

depressa, apice levi fusco-cerulescente, sutura distincta impressa

profunda ; anfr.5 convexis tumidiusculis, ult. obtuse sed distincte

angulato-carinato, antice haud deflexo; umbil. majusculo pervio

aperto, pariete subabrupte declivi ; apert. lunato-rotundata ; perist.

omnino simplici acuto, labris remotis.

Diam. maj. 5-6, min. 43-53, alt. 33-4 mill. Anfr. 43-5.

H. striata, Drap.? Prim. 53. no. 44 (non Drap.).

H. Lowei, Pot. et Mich. Gal. des Moll. (1838) p. 91. no. 65;

Pf. i. 149 (non Feér.).

Hab. in Madera prope urbem Funchal : haud infrequens.

§ 7. Lemniscia.

Xerophile sp. Albers 74.

(Typ. H. Michaudi, Desh.)

T. rimato-perf. v. imperf. trochoidea v. globuloso-conoidea depressi-

uscula distincte angulata v. carinata lete colorata festiva seriatim

maculata v. fasciata nitida omnino glabra. Anfr. 6-7 planati,

ult. non deflexo. Apert. transverse lunato-ovalis subangulata

subdepressa. Perist. rectum acutum simpliciusculum axin versus

subincrassato-reflecum.

Obs. Testz parvulz concinne.

24. H. Micwavpr, Desh. (1830) Encycl. Méth. ii. p. 263.

no. 144; Pot. et Mich. Gal. des Moll. p. 95. no. 74; Kiist. M. et C.

p- 257. no. 238. f. 27-29 ; Pf.i.157. H. bicolor, Prim. (Nov. 15,

1830) p. 58. t. 6. f. 22.

Hab. inter Lichenes in cacuminibus summis Portis S# (Pico de

Facho, P. Branco, &c.) rarior.

Obs, H. Michaudi, Desh. in Enc. Méth. 1. c. diametro “ 7 millim.,”’

procul dubio eadem ac nostra H. bicolor. Lineas ideoque pro milli-

metris postea a cl. Deshayes (forsan a fig. nostra in Primitiis t. 6.

f. 22 aucta desumptas) lapsu v. errore scriptas fuisse (ut a cl. Pfeif-

fero 1. c. citatas video) vix dubitandum. Vide Prim. et Novit.

(1851) App. p. ix. An revera e ‘ Teneriffa”’ provenit, quod valde

dubito, ulterius inquirendum.

§ 8. Euparyrna, Hartm.

Xerophile sp. Alb. 74.

Theba, Beck, sp.

(Typ. H. pisana, Mill.)

T. angustissime v. rimato-perf. globosa v. conoideo-globosa, statu

saltem jun. angulato-carinata, cretaceo-candida festiva s. lete

et distincte colorato-fasciata nitidiuscula omnino glabra, apice

levi corneo. Anfr. 5-6 leniter crescentes, ult. antice non aut

viv defleco. Apert. rotundata, labris remotis. Perist. rectum

acutum simpliciusculum.

25. H. prsana, Mill. Verm. ii. p. 60; Prim. pp: 52, 53; Kiist.

M. et C. t. 22. f. 5, 6 (f. 1-4 in Insulis Maderensibus haud obviz) ;

Th. t. 37. f. 1-4; Pf. i. 152, 153. H. rhodostoma, Drap. 86. t. 5.

f. 13-15. H. cingenda, Mount.

Hab. in Madere et Porttis S4 arena calcarea (nec alibi) vulgatiss.

Ods. Subvar. rarior notabilis fusco-cornea fasciis coffeaceis con-

Jluentibus adest. Var. albida decolorata (nec subfossilis) est H. cal-

earea, Pf. in Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 110; Kiist. M. et C. p. 275.

no. 757. t. 123. f. 3, 4. (Ex autopsia exempl. in Mus. Cuming!)

26. H. usruxara, Syn. Diagn. 4.no.10. T. subimperf. conoideo-

globosa omnino ecarinata cretaceo-alba sepe rosea fasciisque capil-

laribus fuscis lineata, subtilissime decussato-striata, striis spira-

libus exilissimis confertis ; spira elevato-conoidea subpyramidata,

apice obtuso levi plerumque roseo, sutura distincta subimpressa ;

anfr. 5 convexis, ult. subtus convexo subinflato-prominente antice

vix descendente ; perforatione clausa obvelata ; apert. verticaliter

lunato-rotundata plerumque rosea ; perist. interrupto acuto simpli-

cissimo (nec intus costato-labiato) ad columellam reflexo, perfora-

tionem fere penitus obtegente.

Diam. maj. 13-18, min. 11-16, alt. 10-17 mill. Anfr. 4-5.

Hab. in Insulis “ Salvages.”

§ 9. Pomatta, Leach, Beck, Alb. 102.

(Typ. H. pomatia, L.)

T. imperf. vel obtecte perf. subinflato-globosa v. oblique ovato-glo-

bosa, ventricosa, omnino ecarinata glabra, obsolete v. diffuse

Jasciata v. nebulata. Anfr. 4-5 rapide crescentes, ult. magno

ventroso antice descendente. Apert. ampla ovato-rotundata,

Perist. subpatulum subincrassatum v. obtusum ad avin dilatato-

reflexrum.

Obs. Testz majusculee.

27. H. suspricara, Sow. in Zool. Journ. i. 56. t. 3. f. 1 (sub-

fossilis decorticata) ; Prim. 41. t. 5. f.4; Fér. i. 272. t. 9B. f.8, 9,

172

et t. 17 A. f. 14, 15; Kiust. M. et C. p. 227. no. 198. t.29. f. 1, 2;

Pf. 1. 24.

Hab. recens in insula Baxo solum, subfossilis vulg. in Portu St‘.

Obs. Testz seniores forma obliquiore evadunt.

§ 10. Heticometna.

(Typ. H. punctulata, Sow.)

T. rimato-subperf. pomiformi-globosa omnino ecarinata distincte

JSasciata scabras. hispido-granulata. Anfr. 5-6 subleniter cres-

centes, ult. magno antice descendente. Apert. lunato-rotundata.

Perist. simplex rectum acutum v. obtusiusculum ad azin calloso-

reflecum,

28. H. Bownicu1Ana, Fér. Coll.

H. punctulata y, Pf. i. 194; “A fossil Helix from Canical,”

Bowd. Exc. in Mad. f. 32. H. punctulata, (Sow.) Fé. i. 225. t. 28B.

f.5, 6. H. Vargasiana, Pf. in Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 109;

Kiist. M. et C. p. 274. no. 756. t. 123. f. 5, 6 (status varietasve nana

minor).

Hab. semifoss. in Madera ad Canigal et in Portu S® copiosissima :

recens nondum lecta.

Peraffinis H. punctulate, cujus forsan mera var. v. status. Differt

testa omnino decolorata efasciata cretacea alba, magnitudine, solidi-

tate (crassitudine et ponderositate), sculptura rudiore, numero anfr.

in testis etiam ejusdem ad amussim magnitudinis semper majore,

labro deorsum atque ad axin magis incrassato et reflexo, forma com-

pactiore magis bulboso-pomiformi. Relatio fere eadem ad H. pune-

tulatam ac illa H. Lowei ad H. Porto-sanctanam. Magnitudine

vero admodum variabilis.

29. H. puncruxata, Sow. in Zool. Journ. i. p. 56; Prim. p-52.

Var. a. setulosa; Sow. |. c. t. 3. f.2; Prim. lc. t.6.f.7. H.

punctulata, (Sow.) Fér.i. 225. t. 28 B. f.3; Kiist. M. et C. p. 155.

no. 594. t. 93. f. 14-16; Pf. i. 194.

Var. 8. avellana; minor, magis conoideo-globosa, hispidior, spira

altiore exserta.

Var. y. solida. H. punctulata B, Prim. 1. c¢. t. 6. f.8; Pf. i. 194.

H. punctulata, (Sow.) Fér. 1. ¢. f. 4.

Hab. in Portu S® ; quoque in Deserta Australi.

Obs. Sp. forma magis minusve globosa, spira magis minusve ex-

serta, necnon magnitudine et soliditate v. tenuitate, in varr. subyarie-

tatibusque omnibus perquam variabilis.

§ 11. PLesecuta.

(Typ. H. vulgata, Lowe.)

T. umbilicata depresso-turbinata ecarinata fasciata hispido-granulata

nitidiuscula. Anfr. 5-6 subleniter crescentes, ult. antice parum

173

descendente. Apert. rotundata, labris subapproximatis. Perist.

simplex acutum ad axin expansum.

30. H. vuneara, Syn. Diagn. 5. no. 12. TJ. umbil. depressiusculo-

globosa subconoidea solidiuscula sparsim obsolete granulata, gra-

nulis quasi derasis sepe cariosis, plus minus hispido-setulosa

lutosa, sepe depilata calva, nitidiuscula pallide subvirescenti-

cornea, fusco trifasciata ; spira exsertiuscula plus minus depressa,

apice acutiuscula, sutura distincta impressiuscula ; anfr. 53-6

convewis, ult. antice vix descendente subventricoso subtus convexo ;

umbil. mediocri vie subspirali partim obvelato ; apert. lunato-ro-

tundata labris disjunctis ; perist. simplici acuto intus ad axin in-

crassato reflero umbilicum paullum obvelato-coarctante.

Var. a. trifasciata; minor pallida fasciis tribus quis angustis

distinctis eequidistantibus, umbil. subangustato.

Diam. maj. 11-13, min. 9-11, alt. 8-10 mill. Anfr. 53-6.

Hi. nitidiuscula, Prim. p. 52.t. 6.f.6; Fér. i. 200. t. 28 B. f.1;

Kiist. M. et C. p. 161. no. 604. t. 94. f. 5,6; Pf. i. 196 (nec

Sowerby).

Hab. in Madera ubique vulgatiss. In Desertis, ubi in var. y.

transit, minus frequens.

Obs. H. nitidiuscula, Sow. in Zool. Journ. i. p. 57. t. 3. f. 4, e

Portu 8S, mox a cl. auctore deinde a meipso aliisque cum testa Ma-

derensi ubique obvia (H. vulgata a) confusa, ex icone et descriptione

originali, necnon patria (Portu S'°), ad H. luridam nostram procul

dubio pertinet; cui forma (ex icone) magis depressa subdiscoidea,

umbilico minore, etc., potius spectat. H, nitidiuscula, Sow. nempe,

archetypa, revera in Portu S® reperta est ; quo H. lurida, Lowe, nec

alioqui, oceurrit. H. vulgata contra in Portu S® omnino deest.

Var. B. canicalensis ; testa solidiore crassiore rudiore, spira ple-

rumque prominentiore apice acutiore, anfr. convexioribus distinctio-

ribus, sutura profundiore.

Diam. maj. 11-14, min. 10-11, alt. 10-11 mill. Anfr. 6.

H. canicalensis, Syn. Diagn. p. 5. no. 13.

Hab. semifoss. in arena calcarea Canicalensi Madere.

Obs. Variat spira plus minus elevata, plerumque subturrita, seepe

vero zeque ac in @, depressa. Testee plerumque decoloratee omnino

cretaceze albze ; interdum fasciis vix evanescentibus.

Var. y. giramica ; major largior magis depresso-rotundata v. minus

* compacto-globosa intensius colorata seepissime (supra saltem) casta-

nea, fasciis fuscis ineequalibus, duabus superioribus szepissime con-

fluentibus, tertia inferiore szepe latiore, umbil. majore apertiore sub-

patulo.

Diam. maj. 14-16, min. 12-14, alt. 10-12 mill. Anfr. 6.

HI. giramica, Syn. Diagn. pp. 5, 6. no. 11.

H. nitidiuscula 3, Major, Pf. i. 197; Kiist. M. et C. p. 162. t. 94.

fan7,68.

Hab. hinc inde in Madera fere seorsim, et in Ins. Deserta Minore

cum @, commixta.

Obs. Transitus inter a. et y. in Deserta Minore plures observantur.

174

31. H. turipa, Prim. 52. t. 6. f. 5; Kiist. M. et C. t. 155.

f. 31-33; Pf.i. 197. H. nitidiuscula, Sow. in Zool. Journ. i. 57.

t. 3. f. 4, nec alior.

Hab. in Portu S* rariss.

Obs. Characteribus simul ac patria cum H. nitidiuscula, Sow., sicut

a cl. auctore prius definita, necnon icone, omnino convenit. Nomen

vero magna sine confusione haud restituendum. Apertura Ianthini-

formi, labro sc. umbilicum versus recto verticali, ab H. vulgata im-

primis distincta.

§ 12. Irus.

(Typ. H. depauperata, Lowe.)

T. umbilicata turbinato-depressa subdiscoidea obsolete subcarinata

solidiuscula strigosa~v. granulata rudiuscula. Anfr. 5 leniter

crescentes, ult. subtus convexo-rotundato antice deflero. Apert.

rotundata circinata, labris approximatis conjunctis. Perist. sim-

plex subeapansum subincrassatum continuum subsolutum.

32. H. Lacrniosa, Syn. Diagn. 5. no. 14. ‘7. stricto-umbilicata

subturbinato-depressa v. depresso-globulosa solidiuscula tota mem-

branaceo-lacinulata lutosa grisea fusco bifasciata arcte grosse pli-

cato-striata, striis crebris inequalibus quibusdam majoribus pli-

cato-costatis, lacinulis membranaceis subtus presertim lunatis

crebro-quincuncialibus echinato-aculeatis aspera; spira convexo-

depressa se@pe exsertiuscula plus minus elevata, apice calvo levi-

gato obtuso, sutura valde distincta; anfr. 5-54 convexis promi-

nentibus quasi carinato-angulatis, ultimo superne subangulato antice

largiore abrupte deflexo ; umbil. parvo stricto angusto parum pro-

Sundo vix spirali aperto s. nudo; apert. subinequaliter rotundata

circinata labris fere relevatis conjunctis ; perist. expanso subre-

flexo fusco-carneo intus costa annulari munito.

Diam. maj. 6-9, min. 5-7, alt. 4-6 mill. Anfr. 5-54.

H. laciniosa, (Lowe) Kiist. M. et C. t. 154. f. 23, 24 (male, ex-

empl. defloccatis).

Hab. in Ins. Deserta Septentr. Minore.

Obs. Costis plicisve inzequalibus, quibusdam pallidis albis, spiram

maculatam s. marmoratam reddentibus, aspectu quodammodo H.

arcte. ‘'Tota omnino egranulata.

33. H. DEPAUPERATA, Prim. 51. t. 6. f. 4; Kiist. M. et C.

p. 261. no. 244. t. 38. f. 16,17; Pf. i. 166.

Hab. in Portu 8" recens fossilisque vulg.

34, H. sauanipa, Syn. Diagn. 5. no. 15. TT. aperte umbilicata

convexo-depressa orbiculata subdiscoidea solidiuscula arcte et supra

grossiuscule striata erosulo-scrobiculata tota subtilissime et con-

Sertissime reticulato-granulata calva fusco-cornea efasciata, supra

sepe lutosa lerraque obducta ; spira convexo-depressa obtusissima,

apice depressiuscula, sutura distincta subimpressa; anfr. 5 di-

stinctis planiusculis leniter et eque crescentibus, ult. penultimo vix

175

latiore antice abrupte deflexo ; umbil. sat magno spirali profundo

aperto s.nudo ; apert. lunato-rotundatu subcircinata, labris lamina

subcallosa junctis ; perist. subexpanso reflexiusculo simpliciusculo

tenuz acuto pallidiusculo, intus costa annulari munito.

Recens. Diam. maj. 6-7, min. 53-6, alt. 4-43. Anfr. 5.

Hab. in Madera; recens rariss.: fossilis sat vulg.

Differt ab H. depauperata testa minore intensius colorata fusca

rudiore y. distinctius scrobiculata, anfr. lentius v. eequius crescenti-

bus ult. angustiore, apice spirze obtusissimo etiam depresso, umbil.

majore largiore, anfr. subpaucioribus. Sculptura sub lente, nisi sub-

tilior, eadem : sc. vel subtilissime granulata.

§ 13. SprrorBuLA.

Ochthephila (Beck) sp. Alb. 88.

(Typ. H. obtecta, Lowe.)

T. aperte umbilicata depresso-discoidea planorbiformis obtuse cari-

nata v. angulata scrobiculato-rudiuscula quasi erosa v. cariosa

glabra plerumque decolorato-cretacea v. obscure fasciata terra

limove obducta. Anfr. 4-5 leniter crescentes subsoluti planati,

ult. subtus convexo, antice abrupte deflexo, ad aperturam aliquando

constricto. Apert. rotundata circinata. Perist. solutum con-

tinuum simplex acutum inius aliquando quasi duplicatum et ad

dextram unidentatum.

35. H. yatens, Syn. Diagn. 5.no. 16. 7. umbilicata supra planata

infra inflato-convexa subcornucopieformis tenuissima membranacea

flexilis inequaliter et rudiuscule striata eroso-scrobiculata totaque

subtilissime et confertissime quasi pulverulento-granulata, calva

cornea efasciata terra limove obducta; spira planata apice de-

pressa fere immersa, sutura distincta impressa ; anfr. paucis

3-34 distinctis planatis rapide crescentibus, ult. magno superne

angulato subcarinato, inferne valde convexo, antice inflato-dilatato

parum deflexo ; umbil. subparvo angustato cylindrico vix spirali

profundo aperto s. nudo ; apert. lunato-ovali altiore quam lata,

labris conniventibus approximatis ; perist. simplici tenui acuto.

Diam. maj. 5-6, min. 43-5, alt. 3-3 mill. Anfr. 3-33.

Hab. in Madera, rariss.

36. H. oprecta, Prim. pp. 47, 48. t. 5. f. 20 a, 5; Kiist. M. et

C. p. 143. no. 577. t. 91. f. 19-21; Pf. i. 188. (Var. 8. quiddam

diversum suspicor.)

Hab. in Portu 8®.

37. H. pAuPERCULA, Prim. p. 47. t. 5. f.19; Fér. Hist. i. p. 8.

t. 69 D. f. 6; Kiist. M. et C. p. 144. no. 579. t. 92. f. 3-8; Pf. i.

189.

Hab. in Madera, Portu S*, Insulisque Desertis.

176

§ 14. Zurama, Leach.

Glaphyra, Alb. 87. Vallonia, Risso.

(Typ. H. pulchella, Mill.)

T. aperte umbilicata pusilla orbiculata depressa discoidea omnino

ecarinata lactea subopaca efasciata solidiuscula glabra. Anfr.

38-4 cito crescentes, ult. subtus convexo, antice haud defiexo.

Apert. rotundata circinata. Perist. late reflecum subcontinuum

labrisve approximatis callo junctis.

Obs. Campyleeis valde affines.

38. H. putcue ya, Miill. Pf. i. 365; Gray, Man. p. 141 (excl.

var. 1); Prim. p. 45. no. 21; Kiust. M. et C. p. 326. no. 829. t. 129.

f. 48-52.

H. pulchella B, Drap. 112. t. 7. f. 33, 34; Rossm. vii. pp. 5, 6.

f. 440.

In Madera sub lapidibus post pluvias hieme vulg. In Portu S* et

Desertis nondum detecta.

Obs. H. costata Mull. nullibi exstat.

§ 15. Evrompuata, Beck.

Patula, (Held) Alb. 64.

(Typ. H. rotundata, Mill.)

T. late et perspective concavo-umbilicata azxi plane nullo, orbiculata

convexo-discoidea arctispira sericina nec lucido-nitida, supra cos-

tato-striata, tenuis glabra cornea sepe rufo-tessellata. Anfr. 4-6

lente crescentes, ult. subtus convexo, sepe angulato-carinato, antice

haud deflero. Apert. lunata labris disjunctis. Perist. simplex

rectum tenue acutum.

39. H. pusrixa, Prim. p. 46. t. 5. f.17; Kit. M. et C. p. 135.

no. 565. t. 89. f. 28-31; Pf. i. 101.

Hab. in Madera et in Ins. Des. Majore.

Duee adsunt varr.: @. annulata; subdiscoidea spira depressa, di-

stincte v. remotiuscule plicato-costellata fusco-rufescens: et 3. seri-

cina; subturbinata, spira subpyramidato-exserta levigata sericeo-

nitidiuscula creberrime striata costellis obsoletis v. nullis pallidiuscula

fusco-virescens ; inter muscos ad truncos Laurorum in sylvis.

40. H. Guerinrana, Syn. Diagn. 5. no. 17. T. latissime et per-

spective concavo-umbilicata subtus excavata rotundato-discoidea

convexo-planata lenticularis arctispira distincte angulato-carinata

tenuis nitida pallide luteo-cornea, supra grossiuscule crebricostata

rufoque puichre tessellatim radiato-maculata sepe erosulo-cariosa

decorticata, subtus pellucida levigata s. obsolete substriata lucida

nitens rufo pallide annulata; spira convexo-planata subtabellata

apice obtusissima levigata, sutura distineta impressa; anfr. 7

177

planatis lente crescentibus, ult. antice recto haud deflexo supra

planato subtus infra carinam equaliter convexo-rotundato ; umbil.

latissimo infundibuliformi pervio patulo profundo ; apert. oblique

lunato-ovali ; perist. simplici recto tenui acuto.

Diam. maj. 6-63, min. 53-6, alt. 2-24 mill. Anfr. 7.

Hab. in declivibus graminosis inter sylvas Convallis Frigidi Ma-

derze, rariss. Prima invenit Jemima Carolina Guerin.

Obs. Inter H. rotundatam Miill. et H. solariam (Menke) Rossm.

f. 453 media, huic proxima. Differt carina minus acuta nec expressa,

anfr. ult. haud infra carinam excavato s. contracte, spira subcon-

vexiore grosse costata nec ‘‘subtilissime costulato-striata,” apertura

oblique ovali nec “ securiformi”’ s. ad carinam angulata, sutura forsan

profundiore, numeroque anfractuum majore. Ab H. rotundata

Mull. abundantius differt.

§ 16. LucrLya.

Hyalina, Fér. Alb. 66.

(Typ. H. cellaria, Mull.)

T. umbilicata orbiculata convexo-depressa subdiscoidea nitida levis

pellucido-cornea efasciata subtus plerumque opaco-lactea. Anfr.

4-6 subrapide crescentes, ult. subdepresso subtus subplanato

antice non defleco. Apert. obliqua lunata, labris disjunctis. Pe-

rist. simplex rectum tenue acutum.

41. H. cetuartra, Miull.; Prim. 47. no. 25; Kiist. M. et C.

p- 102. no. 517. t. 84. f. 8-10; Pf. i. 111,112. H. nitida, Drap.

117. t. 8. f. 23-25. H. lucida, Mont. Zonites cellarius, Gray,

Man. 170. t. 4. f. 40.

Hab. in Madera, vulg.

42. H. scrntrixa, Syn. Diagn. 6. no. 18. T. minuta late et per-

spective umbilicata orbiculata discoidea depresso-planata vix con-

vexiuscula sublenticularis ecarinata tenuis nitida levigata utrinque

hyalino-pellucida pallide virescens ; spira vix convexiuscula plano-

depressa, apice (animali futa) flavescente, sutura distincta im-

pressa; anfr. 4 planatis lente et eque crescentibus ; umbil. largo

patulo profundo equaliter spirali, usque ad apicem pervio ; apert.

lunata, labris disjunctis remotis ; perist. simplici recto tenui

acuto.

Diam. 2 mill. v. vix 1 linea; alt. $ mill. Anfr. 4.

Hab. sub lapidibus ad Levadam S“ Luciz prope urbem Funchal.

Maderee, rariss.

Obs. Cum H. pulchella, Mull., H. radiatula, Ald., et H. erystal-

lina, Mull., quoad magnitudinem solum conferenda.

No. CCLXXI.—Procrepines or THE ZooLoeicaL Society.

178

§ 17. CrysTALLus.

Hyalina, Fér. sp. Alb. 66. Discus, Fitz. sp.

(Typ. H. erystallina, Mill.)

T. perf. v. imperf. umbilico minimo v. nullo orbiculata convexo-de-

pressa subdiscoidea arctispira nitida omnino levis hyalina pre-

tenuis fragillima parvula. Anfr. 4—6 leniter v. eque crescentes,

ult. antice non deflexo. Apert. lunata labris disjunctis. Perist.

simplex rectum tenue acutum.

43. H. crysraturna, Mill.; Prim. 47. no. 26; Drap. 118. t. 8.

f. 13-18; Kust. M. et C. p. 128. no. 555. t. 88. f. 27-30; Pf. i.

59, 60. Zonites crystallinus, Gray, Man. 176. t. 4. f. 42.

Hab. in Madera, hieme vulg.

§ 18. JANULUS.

(Typ. H. bifrons, Lowe.)

T. arcte v. cylindrico-umbilicata orbiculata convexo-depressa subdis-

coidea arcti-multi-spira lucida bifrons s. supra costulato-striata,

infra levis, subopuco-cornea efasciata. Anfr. 7-9 leniter et

@que crescentes, ult. antice non deflero. Apert. lunata labris dis-

junctis. Perist. rectum tenue acutum, intus late albo incrassatum

v. calloso-labiatum, labio vel simplici v. lamellato-plicato.

44. H. sirrons, Prim. 46. t. 5. f. 18; Kiist. M. et C. p. 234.

no. 698. t. 111. f. 23-25; Pf. i. 144, 145.

Hab. in Madera, recens fossilisque vulg.

45. H. catatuus, Syn. Diagn. 6. no. 19. T. umbilicata compacto-

orbiculato-convexa subdiscoidea distincte angulato-carinata tenuis

sericino-nitidiuscula rufo-cornea, infra levis, supra eleganter

costellata, costellis concinnis arctis crebris equis expressis di-

stinctis, tota exilissime creberrimeque spiraliter striolata; spira

rufo-tessellata v. maculata subconvexa, sutura distincta impressa ;

anfr. 8-9 lentissime et eque crescentibus angustis planiusculis

arcte et concinniter expressis, ult. distincte angulato v. carinato,

infra carinam parum convexo subplanato levigato, intus varicibus

3 annotinis remotis 3—4-plicatis subseptato ; umbil. mediocri sub-

spirali profundo ; apert. lunata, labris valde remotis ; perist.

tenut acuto, longe intus callo opaco-lacteo 3—4-plicato labiato.

Diam. maj. 9-10, min. 8-94, alt. 5-6 mill. Anfr. 8-9.

Hab. in Madera, recens fossilisque rariss.

§ 19. HusrIDELa.

Fruticicola, (Held) sp. Alb. 71.

(Typ. H. hispida, L.)

7. umbilicata v. perf. orbiculata convexo-depressa subcarinata ple-

rumque hispida tenuis persepe fragilis fusca v. rufo-cornea, sepe

179

pallido obscure unifasciata. Anfr. 5-6 lente crescentes, ult.

antice non aut vix subdeflero. Apert. late lunata. Perist. acutum

brevissime expansum, intus plerumque albo-labiatum.

Obs. Testze subparvule hispide fuscee.

46. H. pertorata. T. latiuscule umbilicata orbiculato-depressa

discoidea supra fere planata obtuse subcarinata nitidiuscula

pallide cornea subcarnea efasciata, subtus cirea umbilicum pal-

lescens, utrinque obsolete subgranulato-striolata rugosiuscula,

strits confertis subundulatim connexivis interruptis inequalibus ;

spira planato-depressa vix convexiuscula, apice tabellata, sutura

distincta impressa; anfr. 6 planatis subprominenti-expressis,

ultimis vie lente crescentibus, 3-4 primoribus tabellatis, ultimo

superne obtuse angulato depresso, infra angulum parum con-

vexo, antice defleco; umbil. largo spirali profundo subpatulo

s. parietibus lente declivibus depressis; apert. lunato-ovali,

labris convergentibus subapproximatis ; perist. tenui acuto intus

albo-labiato.

Diam. maj. 11, min. 10, alt. 53, axis 4 mill. Anfr. 53.

Hab. in Madera, rariss. Exemplar junius spira confracta indeter-

minabile in Rib..de 8 Luzia Madere, a.p. 1848 primus invenit cl.

T. V. Wollaston. Alterum adultum integrum, animalis expers, sed

parum decoloratum, prope locum Arrebentio dictum, ad alt. circiter

3000 ped. supra urb. Funchal. a Rousset detectum, communicavit

T.S. Leacock 1853.

Obs. Testa efasciata calva verosimiliter statu perfectiore v. jun.

hispida; H. rufescenti Penn. proxima! Differt, (1) spira tabellata ;

(2) carina obtusiore minus distincta; (3) anfr. ult. antice deflexo ;

(4) labris convergentibus subapproximatis (nec parallelis remotis) ;

(5) striatura peculiari obsoletiore sc. striis magis obsoletis interruptis

hine inde sparsim subgranulatis v. subundulatis (nec strictis continuis

rectis distinctis) ; (6) anfr. ult. infra carinam minus conyexo (nec

circa umbil. alto declivi) ; (7) umbilici parietibus lente declivibus

depressis.

47. H. Armrraceana, Syn. Diagn. 6. no. 20; Kiist. M. et C.

t. 155. f. 57-59. TT. perf. convexo-depressa orbiculata angu-

lato-subcarinata tenuissima fragillima furfuraceo-pubescens pel-

lucide fusca virescens fusco bifasciata, striolis spiralibus subti-

lissimis flexuoso-capillaribus confertis ad interstitia strias fur-

Suraceo-membranaceas transversas decussantibus ; spira con-

vexo-depressa, sutura distincta impressa ; anfr. 45-5 convewius-

culis, ult. distincte subcarinato, antice non aut vix deflexo ;

perf. cylindrica parva; apert. lunata subdepressa, labris re-

motis ; perist. expansiusculo acuto, juxta perf. reflexo, intra

marginem sublabiato.

Diam. maj. 7, min. 63, alt. 44, axis 33 mill. Anfr. 43-5.

fab. in montibus excelsioribus Mader.

180

§ 20. AcTINELLA.

(Typ. H. lentiginosa, Lowe.)

T. aperte v. subobtecte umbilicata orbiculata depresso-discoidea

acute carinata, plerumque tenuis pusilla fragilis, fusco-cornea

sepe lentiginoso-maculata et fasciata, arcte tenuiter striolata

v. lamellato-costellata, furfuraceo-scobinata v. membranaceo-

squamulosa, carina lacinulato-calearata. Anfr. 4—5 fere pla-

nati sublente crescentes, ult. depresso distincte carinato, antice

defleco. Umbilicus parvus fere apertus. Apert. depressa valde

obliqua rotundato-ovalis v. circularis sublunata. Perist. sub-

patulum reflecum plerumque continuum circinatum, basale ali-

quando strictiusculum.

48. H. acrrnoruora, Prim. 45. t. 5. f. 14; Pf. i. 146, 147.

Hab. in Madera recens fossilisque. In Insula Deserta Austr. re-

cens semel occurrit.

49. H. arripens, Prim. 43. t. 5. f.9; Kiist. M. et C. p. 324.

no. 827. t. 129. f. 40-42 ; Pf. i. 217.

Hab. in Madera.

50. H. tentriernosa, Prim. 49. t. 5. f. 25; Kiist: M. et C. t. 154.

f, 32-35 (male) ; Pf. i. 145.

Hab. in Madera.

51. H. sre.uaris, Syn. Diagn. 9. no. 39; Kiist. M. et C. t. 155.

f. 48-52. TT. parvula umbilicata subcarinata orbiculata de-

pressa subdiscoidea solidiuscula opaca vix substriata scobinata

sublevigata subnitidiuscula intensius fusca v. subnigricans raro

v. obscure albo marmorata terra limove arcte obducta; spira

depressa vix convexiuscula, apice glabro distincto nitente,

sutura distincta impressa ; anfr.4 distinctis vix convexiusculis,

ult. depresso distincte subcarinato eximie et equaliter membra-

naceo-calcarato, antice deflexo ; umbil. majusculo patulo aperto

subspirali ; apert. valde obliqua ovali-rotundata, labris approwi-

matis v. conjunctis ; perist. rite circinato continuo v. paulisper

interrupto undique incrassato-expanso deorsum reflexo, plica

ventrali nulla.

Diam. maj. 4, min. 33, alt. 2 mill. Anfr. 4.

Hab. in Madera.

Obs. Characteribus priori, magnitudine sequenti proxima.

52. H. arcra, Prim. 42. t. 5. f.7; Kiist. M. et C. p. 236.

no. 701. t. 112. f. 5-8; Pf. i. 404.

a. major crassior rudior, plica ventrali valida prominula distincta,

perist. late reflexo.

{. paullo minor subdepressior tenuior minus grosse costellata,

plica ventrali obsoleta v. nulla, perist. minus reflexo, perforatione

submajore.

Hab. in Madera.

181

§ 21. Rimvuta.

Conulus, (Fitz.) sp. Alb. 72, 73. Hylostoma, sp. Alb. 95.

(Typ. H. cobresiana, Alt.)

T. obtecte v. rimato-perf. v. imperf. depresso-globulosa subconoidea

carinata v. subcarinata multi- v. arcti-spira plerumque tenuis

sepe pubescens cornea obscure fasciata v. lentiginoso-maculata.

Anfr. 5-7 lente crescentes, ult. distincte angulato-carinato

subtus subturgido-convexo ampliato, antice subito deflexo sub-

coarctato constricto. Perf. minima omnino fere clausa, Apert.

lunata obliqua coarctata, labris remotis, callo plicave ventrali

sepe interposito. Perist. interruptum albo-incrassatum sub-

reflecum, basi strictiusculum intusque sepe sinuato-sub-bipli-

cato-callosum.

53. H. arctineLua. T'. imperf. parvula convexo-depressa vix

subglobulosa distincte carinata solidiuscula subcostulato-striata

obsolete subscobinata; spira subconvexa, aliquando elevatius-

cula subconoidea, sutura distincta impressa ; anfr. 43-5 con-

vewiusculis, ult. antice deflexo ad apert. constricto-scrobiculato ;

perf. minima subnulla lamina peristomatis expansa subproducta

appresa fere v. omnino clausa ; apert. valde depressa transversa

oblique lunata edentula, callo ventrali costeformi distincto

labro parallelo adscendente nec intrante, labris remotis sub-

parallelis aliquando callo junctis nunquam circinatis ; perist.

interrupto late presertim basi reflexo, intus basi vix subsinuato-

cealloso edentulo.

a. major, callo basali vix ullo.

Diam. maj. 43-5, min. 4-44, alt. 23-35 mill. Anfr. 43-5.

Hi. fausta 3, mimor, Prim. (ed. 1851) App. p. xiv.

f. minima, callo basali subdistinctiore.

Diam. maj. 4-44, min. 33-33, alt. 23-3 mill. Anfr. 43-5.

HI. fausta y, minima, Prim. 1. e.

Hab. a. et B. fossilis ad Canical Madere.

Obs. Magnitudine H. arcte proxima. Differt testa utrinque con-

vexiore subglobulosa spira plerumque elevatiore, perf. lamina ap-

pressa (fere ut in H. arridente) producta fere v. omnino clausa,

apert. depresso-lunata seepe subquadrata (nec circulari), perist. in-

terrupto labris semper remotis subparallelis (nec circinatis) basi seepe

strictiusculo (nee semper arcuato), calio ventrali costeeformi adscen-

dente v. subverticali (nec lunato-.ntrante v. nullo).

54. H. capsevua. T. subrimato-perf. v. imperf. distincte et acute

carinata orbiculata convexo-depressa vix subconoideo-globulosa

arctispira arcte tenuiter substriolata striolisque spiralibus vel

subtilissimis alias decussantibus obsoletis, tenuis hispida fusco-

rufescens supra fere immaculata subtus albo-lentiginosa et fusco

obscure unifasciata; spira conoideo-depressa; sutura distincta

impressa ; anfr. 5 planiusculis, ult. abrupte deflexo ad aperturam

182

constricto-scrobiculato ; perf. minima callo columellari reflexo

seépius viv, adulta omnino clausa; apert. valde depressa trans-

versa lunata callo costave ventrali oblique intrante rarissime di-

stincto plerumque nullo, labris remotis disjunctis subparallelis,

basali_ strictiusculo; perist. interrupto expanso basi calloso-

reflexo intus subsinuato vel obsoletissime sub-bicalloso edentulo.

Diam. maj. 55-53, min. 53, alt. 4 mill. Anfr. 5.

H. fausta, Kust. M. et C. t. 156. f. 21-23.

Hab. in Madera.

Oés.1. Species diu proH. fausta degenerata supposita,rite distincta

videtur. H. fauste nempe et H. arridenti intermedia, huic propior ;

sed forma minus depressa (nec lenticulari) utrinque convexiore,

perforatione omnino minore fere v. omnino clausa, apertura minus

angustato-depressa intus ad axin minus (nec “quasi cum rictu’’)

producta, testa letius colorata et maculata differt.

Obs. 2. Callus v. costa ventralis, nisi in exemplis peradultis, imo

vetustioribus, omnino deest.

55. H. raustra, Prim. 43. t. 5. f. 8; Pf. i. 422. T. imperf.

conoideo-globulosa subtus subinflato-convexa obtusiuscule subcari-

nata arctispira arcte et tenuiter substriolata tenuiuscula hispida

Susco-cornea spira immaculata, anfr. ult. supra albo subtessellatim

maculato, infra carinam fusco unifasciato et albo maculato,

perist. extus late albo marginato ; spira depresso-conoidea eleva-

tiuscula, sutura distincta impressa; anfr. 55-64 conveviusculis,

ult. abrupte deflexo ad apert. constricto-scrobiculato ; perf. nulla

v. omnino obserata clausa ; apert. valde depressa transversa an-

guste lunata, plica callove ventrali distincto diffuso coarctata,

labris remotis subparallelis lamina junctis, basali strictiuseulo ;

perist. interrupto expanso, basi calloso-reflexo, callo extrorsum

distincte unidentato v. tuberculato sc. in dentem tuberculumve di-

stinctum abrupte desinente.

T. recens (exempl. orig.) :

Diam. maj. 6, min. 53, alt. 4 mill. Anfr. 53.

T. fossiles :

Diam. maj. 63-7, min. 6-63, alt. 43-53 mill. Anfr. 6-64.

Hab. in Madera recens fossilisque rariss.

Obs. Forma globuloso-conoidea, subtus valde convexa, necnon

apert. unidentata cito dignoscitur. Recens semel occurrit. Descriptio

ex exemplare originali adhue unico recente in Primitiis olim picto et

descripto denuo desumpta: comparatis exemplaribus x11 fossilibus,

omnino ad amussim illi congruentibus, preeter “peristoma columellam

versus’ vix “subsinuatum se. obsolete Jidentatum’”’ (Prim. 1. c.).

In omnibus, nempe, rite v. rectius waidentatum dicitur : quamvis in

uno fossili, sicut in exempl. originali unico recente, tuberculi v. plicee

secundi remotiusculi interioris (sc. axin versus) vel obsoletissimi

vestigia queedam adsunt.

56. H. opserara, Syn. Diagn. 9. no. 40. 7. imperf. distincte et

acute carinata orbiculato-discoidea lenticularis, subtus presertim

183

convexior, utrinque arcte et eque striata, striis infra carinam

subsinuatis sphinctro-radiantibus, striolis spiralibus vel subtilis-

simis alias decussantibus, tenuiuscula calva subnuda v. hine inde

minute membranaceo-scobinata levigata nitidiuscula fusco-rufes-

cens lentiginoso-maculata, supra carinam obscure, infra distincte

Susco unifasciata, perist. extus late pallide ochraceo ; spira con-

vexo-depressa subplanata, sutura distincta; anfr. 5-53 planatis,

ult. antice breviter deflexo subscrobiculato-constrictiusculo ; perf.

omnino obserata; apert. valde depressa transversa angustato-

lunata plica callove ventrali alba subcosteformi adscendente labro

parallela subdistincta (raro nulla) coarctata, ad angulum inferio-

rem externum sub-biplicata, labris remotis lamina tenui junctis

subparallelis, basali strictiusculo ; perist. interrupto expanso,

basali calloso-reflexo vix subsinuato, intus extrorsum leviter bi-

plicato, plicis binatis approximatis, exteriore obliquissima fere

horizontali intrante.

a. recens, plicis binis obsoletis subzequalibus. H. obserata, Syn.

Diagn. 1. ¢.

Diam. maj. 6-73, min. 53-7, alt. 31-4} mill. Anfr. 5-53.

Hab. in Maderz convallibus, rariss.

f. fossilis, paullo minor, plica exteriore dentiformi distinctiore, ab

interiore (callum basalem terminante) obsoletiore sinu distincto sepa-

rata.

Diam. maj. 53-63, min. 5-53, alt. 33-41 mill. Anfr. 5-vix 53.

Hab. in Madera ad Canical foss. rarior.

57. H. catva, Prim. 49, 50. t. 5. f. 26; Kiist. M. et C. p. 324.

no. 826. t. 129. f. 37-39; Pf. i. 289, 290.

Hab. in graminosis apricis excelsioribus montium Maderee ; etiam

fossilis: sat vulg.

§ 22. Canina.

(Typ. H. rotula, Lowe.)

T. viv rimato-subperf. v.imperf. trochoidea v. lenticularis angulato-

carinata solida nuda granulata fulva v. rufo-cornea fasciata.

Anfr.7-8 lente crescentes plani, ult. acute carinato subtus planato,

antice deflexo subcoarctato. Apert. lunata, labris subconvergen-

tibus remotis, callo laminave tenui junctis, plica costave interna

ventrali alba in jun. distincta, in adultis obsoletiore v. nulla.

Perist. interruptum omnino arcuatum intus late albo-incrassatuin

expansum basi reflecum costaque interna relevata (in jun. distincti-

ore sub-biplicata v. medio emarginata) sinuato-callosum.

58. H. roruua, Prim. 53.t. 6. f. 10; Kiist. M. et C. t. 13.

f. 11,12; Pf. i. 216.

Hab. in Portu 8" vulgatiss.

Subvar. 1, fasciata major; 2, fasciata minor ; 3, efasciata cerina ,

4, fasciata monstrosa, anfr. subsolutis, carina supra suturam promi-

nente.

Obs. Spira nunc pyramidato-elevata nunc depressa sicut magnitu-

dine admodum vyariabilis.

184

§ 23. CasEoLus.

Ochthephila, Beck sp. Alb. 87.

(Typ. H. compacta, Lowe.)

T. rimato-perf. subglobuloso-depressa v. globuloso-conoidea obtuse v.

obsolete subcarinata solida crassa nuda granulata pallide cornea

cinerascens obscure fasciata. Anfr. 6—7 lente crescentes con-

vexiusculi, ult. antice defleco. Apert. lunato-rotundata subcir-

cinata, labris convergentibus approximatis subcontinuis, Perist.

undique arcuatum fere circinatum simpliciusculum obtusum v. re-

flexum.

59. H. consors, Prim. 51. t. 6. f.3; Kiist. M. et C. p. 147.

no. 582. t. 92. f. 1, 2 (male); Pf. i. 195.

Hab. in Portu 8.

Var. a. recens major, subtus leevigata (H. consors, Kit. 1. c.) ; f.

recens major, subtus sparsim subgranulata ; yy. fossilis mmor, subtus

leevigata ; 3. fossilis minor, subtus sparsim subgranulata.

60. H. cancunus. TT. rimato-subperf. subecarinata orbiculato-

convexa solida crassiuscula, tota subtiliter utrinque eleganter et

confertim granulosa, supra inconspicue v. remote striata, subfla-

vescenti-cinerea, apice levi fusco, fuscoque subindistincte bifas-

ciata, aperturam versus pallide ochracea; spira convexa raro sub-

conoidea, sutura distincta; anfr. 53-6 convewis, ult. subtus con-

vexo, antice deflexo, ad apert. viv subcontractiusculo ; perf. sub-

rimato-punctiformi coarctata minima; apert. obliqua rotundata

fere circinata, labris approximatis subconjunctis ; perist. subcon-

tinuo simpliciusculo acuto undique expanso subreflexo.

Diam. maj. 63-8, min. 53-63, alt. 5-6 mill. Anfr. 55-6.

Hab. in Portu 8" rariss.

61. H. compacta, Prim. 50, 51. t. 6. f. 2; Pot. et Mich. 79.

no. 31; Kiist. M. et C. p. 193. no. 645. t. 99. f. 25-27, 27* ; Pf.

i. 198.

Hab. in Madera et Portu S® recens fossilisque.

Char. essent. T. subglobosa rimato-perf. supra grossiuscule sub-

sparsim granulata, subtus egranulata levis. Variat forma e conoideo-

globulosa ad convexo-depressam.

Varr. insigniores: a. vulgaris, subconoideo-globulosa, spira eleva-

tiuscula subleevigata (Madera rec. et foss.); 3. major (H. consorti

accedens), cet. ut in @. (Mad. foss.) ; y. Porto-sanctana (H. com-

pacta, Kiist. 1. c.), depressior rudior, magnitudine variabilis, umbil.

seepe subapertiore nec constricto-rimato (Portu S® rec. et foss.) ;

6. pusilla, parvula, supra fere, subtus omnino egranulata, umbil.

apertiore spirali nec rimato, cet. ut in y. (Portu S'° foss.).

62. H. commixta. T. subaperte et spiraliter perf. v. umbil.

distincte carinata orbiculato-depressiuscula subarctispira solida

supra inequaliter hine inde subplicato-costata, utrinque subtiliter

185

arenulato-granulosa cinerea v. pallide fusco-cinerea; spira con-

vera sepe depressa, sutura distincta ; anfr. 5—6 planiusculis, ult.

carinato, carina sepe linea ewarata expressa, antice valde deflexo,

ad apert. scrobiculato-constricto contracto ; umbil. spiraliter ro-

tundato aperto nec contracto-rimeformi ; apert. perobliqua rotun-

data v. oblique ovali circinata ; perist. continuo relevato subsoluto

undique reflexiusculo-expanso acuto.

a. major; subtilissime et confertim reticulato-granulata, carina

linea subtus exarata prominente, umbil. latiusculo.

Diam. maj. 53-6, min. 43-54, alt. 33-4 mill. Anfr. 5-6.

Hab. recens in Portu S* rariss.

Obs. H. abjecte y. proxima ; sed multo subtilius granulata, minus

plicata v. costata, umbil. largiore, &c.

8. pusilla; minor v. parvula, minus plerumque subtiliter et con-

fertim granulata, carina seepe simplici.

Diam. maj. 43-5, min. 33-43, alt. 3-34 mill. Antfr. 5-54.

Hab. foss. in Portu S* rariss.

Obs. H. compacte 3. magnitudine habituque simillima. Differt

testa subtus ut supra distincte granulata.

63. H. assecta, Prim.50; Kiist. M. et C. p- 144. no.578. t. 91.

f. 22-24; Pf. i. 188,189. H. candisata, (Menke) Kiist. M. et C.

p-193. no. 646. t. 99. f. 34-36 ; Pf.i. 198. (testa forsan jun. subin-

completa).

Hab. in Portu S®,

Varr. insigniores : a. conulus, major trochoidea conico-pyramidata,

spira elevata, grosse granulata, carina simplici, Prim.1. ec. t. 6. f. 1.

B. conuloidea, minor: cet. ut in a. y. subdepressa (H. abjecta,

Kiist. 1. c.; H. candisata, Menke, Il. cc.), minor orbiculata, spira plus

minus subdepressa: cet. ut in a. v. 6. (status vulgatiss.). 3. dicin-

gulata, carina duplicata, spira ut in a. 6. y. variante.

64. H. spHaruta, Syn. Diagn. p. 6. no. 21. 7. parvula minu-

tissime perf. v. subimperf. subecarinata turbinato-globulosa v.

spheruloidea, aliquando conoidea v. trochoidea, arctispira solidula

crassiuscula, utrinque grossiuscule sparsim granulata arcteque

tenuiterque substriata nitidiuscula apicem versus levi ; spira semi-

globosa v. conoidea plerumque obtusissima, sutura distincta im-

pressa ; anfr. 5-7 convexiusculis lente crescentibus, ult. obsolete

subcarinato subtus planato, antice subito deflexo, ad apert. sub-

contractiusculo ; perf. minutissima poriformi ; apert. depressa

transverse lunata subsinuato-triangulari, callo ventrali basalique

coarctata, avin versus angustata, labris remotis subconvergentibus

lamina junctis ; perist. interrupto simpliciusculo s. rectiusculo

subexpanso, intus basi distincte calloso, ad axin lamina reflexa

subproducta perforationem partim obtegente.

Diam. maj. 43-7, min. 41-6, alt. 31-53 mill. Anfr. 5-7.

Hab. in Madera fossilis ; in Portu S* et fossilis et recens, Rariss.

Tres adsunt status v. varietates: a. fossilis minor spheeruloidea

(Syn. Diagn. 1. c.), Maderee; B. fossilis submajor trochoidea, Portu

S‘°; y. recens major trochoidea, Portu S‘: utroque, preesertim re-

cente, rariss.

186

§ 24. HystriceLua.

Ochthephila (Beck) sp. Alb. 87.

(Typ. H. bicarinata, Sow.)

T. perf. v. anguste umbil. conuloidea v. trochiformis, aliquando tur-

rito-pyramidata acute v. distincte 1-2-carinata solidiuscula aspero-

granulata v. echinulata subfasciata. Anfr. 6-9 lente crescentes

planiusculi, ult. valde carinato subtus planato, antice deflexo.

Umbil. parvus anguste cylindricus v. subspiralis constrictus. Apert.

circularis circinata labris connexis ; perist. continuum solutum

expanso-reflexiusculum tenue acutum.

65. H. BIcaR1NnATA, Sow. in Zool. Journ. i. 58. t. 3.f. 7; Wood,

Suppl. t. 8. f. 85; Kiist. M. et C. pp. 141, 142. no. 574. t. 91.

f. 8-11; Pf.i.190. H. duplicata, Prim. 58. t. 6. f. 20; Pot. et

Mich. Gal. p. 82. no. 40.

Hab. in Portu 8, vulg.

66. H. ecurnuxata, Prim. 57. t. 6. f. 19; Kiist. M. et C.

p- 140. no. 572. t. 91. f. 1-4; Pf. i. 189, 190.

Hab. in Portu S*°.—Subvar. 1. infra bifasciata, vulg.; 2. infra

late unifasciata s. fasciis confluentibus, rara.

Obs. Preecedenti nimis affinis et forsan mera var.

67. H. oxyrroris, Prim. 57. t. 6.f. 18; Kiist. M. et C. p. 142.

no. 575. t. 91. f. 12, 13; Pf. i. 190.

Hab. in Portu S8®, rarior.

68. H. rurricuta, Prim. 58. t.6.f.21; Kiist. M. et C. p. 141.

10) D7 ont. St. 5—7 ; Pia, 190, 197.

Hab. in Insula Superiore (Ilhéo de Cima) juxta Portum S", nec

alibi.

69. H. vermetirormis. T. anguste umbilicata distincte bicarinata

pyramidato-conoidea solidula crassiuscula utrinque granulata ;

spira elevata anfractui ultimo quasi superimposita, carina infe-

riore suture distincte superincumbente ; anfr. 7-74 planiusculis

conspicue bicarinatis, carina inf. prominente sulco infra exarata,

ult. antice valde deflexo ; umbil. parvo; apert. ovali-rotundata cir-

cinata, labris continuis conjunctis ; perist. undique soluto relevato

tenui acuto.

Diam. maj. 83-9, min. 81-83, alt. 7-8} mill. Anfr. 7-73.

Hab. fossilis in Portu 8S, T. V. Wollaston.

Obs. Anfractibus primoribus Vermeti cujusdam (e. g. V. lumbri-

calis, L.) simillima. Umbil. minor quam in H. cheiranthicola, fere

ut in H. owytropide; multo minor quam in H. pulvinata.

70. H. musrecina. JT. perf. v. anguste umbilicata unicarinata

obtuse conoidea subabbreviata solidiuscula undique grosse et con-

fertim saccharato-granulata exasperata subechinulata cinereo-

fuscescens v. columbina, fusco anguste fasciata; spira subabbre-

viato-conoidea apice perobtusa, sutura distincta subimpressa ; anfr.

187

7-73 planiusculis nec relevato-superimpositis nec supra suturam

relevato-tumidis v. carinatis, ult. subobsolete carinato antice de-

flexo ; umbil. parvo angusto subconstricto ; apert. rotundata, labris

subremotis convergentibus callo junctis ; perist. interrupto expanso-

reflexiusculo intus in angulum producto umbilicum coarctante.

Diam. maj. 7-8, min. 63—7%, alt. 63-63 mill. Anfr. 7-74.

Hab. in Portu 8, T. V. Wollaston, 1849.

HI. cheiranthicola, cui proxima, minor.

71. H. caerrantuicota, Prim. p. 57.

Var. a. spilospira ; spira maculata pallida, linea supra carinam

fusea spirali. HH. cheiranthicola, subvarr.: 2. maculata, et 3. albida,

Erni; c.

Var. 8. teniospira ; spira fascia unica lata nigricante, carina sutu-

raque pallidis. H. cheiranthicola, Subvar. 1. zonata, Prim. 1. ¢. t. 6.

f.17; H. cheiranthicola, Kiist. M. et C. p. 146. no. 581. t. 91.

Fic leraas btde: 212,

Hab. in Portu 8®, a. vulg., 8. rarior. Subvarr. in a: 1, subtus

fasciis binis® distinctis; 2, tisdem fere v. omnino confluentibus ;

3, fascia unica distincta superiore in fascias 2 v. 3 lineares secedente ;

4 (Prim. 1. c. Subv. 3, albida), albida, fasciis evanidis v. nullis.

Baeai:* be Prim: I c.'t. 6:1: 17), 2;.3, Ut in. a.

§ 25. Discuna.

Ochthephila (Beck) sp. Alb. 88.

(Typ. H. polymorpha, Lowe.)

T. umbilicata e. trochiformi depresso-discoidea orbiculata distincte

carinata solida crassiuscula scabro-granulata glabra albido-cinerea

v. pallide cornea, fusco fasciata et maculata. Anfr. 7-8 lente

crescentes plerumque attrito-planati, ult. acute carinato depresso,

subtus planato, antice deflexo. Umbil. apertus patulus spiralis.

Apert. depresse lunato-rotundata, labris subconvergentibus remotis

interruptis callo junctis. Perist. simpliciusculum fere rectum

subreflecum, intus late albo-incrassatum, basi subcallosum.

72. H. porymorpHa. T. subglobuloso-conoidea subtus convera

undique grosse saccharato-granulata scabra, carina obtusiuscula

submedia, sepe linea subtus exarata expressiuscula, spira plus

minus elevata; anfr. 8 fere convexiusculis sutura subimpressa

distincta ; umbil. mediocri subspirali profundo, parietibus subde-

clivibus abruptis.

Diam. maj. 93-12, min. 9-11, alt. 7-8 v.9 mill. Anfr. 7-8.

HT, polymorpha a. irrasa, Prim. 54. H. saccharata, MSS. olim.

H. polymorpha, Pf. i. 213; Kiist. M. et C. p. 145. no. 580. t. 91.

f. 28-30.

Var. «. pallescens; spira maculato-pallida, linea supra carinam

fusca spirali seepe evanescente.

188

Subvarr. :—1, subtus distincte bifasciata ; 2, fasciis duabus subtus

latissimis fere v. omnino in unam confluentibus; 3, subtus uni-

fasciata, fascia 2° exteriore evanescente (Prim. 1. c. t. 6. f. 11);

4, fasciis omnibus utrinque evanidis sc. angustissimis v. nullis.

Hab. in Promont. S* Laurentii Maderz ; 1 et 3 vulgatiss., 4 ra-

riore, 2 rariss.

Var. (3. nigricans; spira fasciato-nigricante, fascia unica lata

nigro-coffeeacea, carina modo suturaque pallidis.

Subvarr. 1,2, 3ut in a; 4 deest.

Hab. presertim in Insula quadam juxta Prom. S# Laurentii, Ilheo

de Fora dicta, rarior: Suby. 1 vulgatiore.

Obs. Spira altitudine admodum variat : nunc trochoideo-conoidea,

nunc discoideu-depressa. Umbil. ut in H. cheiranthicola. Differt,

testa grosse saccharato-granulata minus trochoidea, spira minus ele-

vata, anfr. nec superimpositis nec carina supra suturam inciso-impres-

sam prominente, sutura distincta sed minime inciso-impressa.

73. H. putvinata, Syn. Diagn. 6. no. 22. TJ. albida depresso-

conoidea undique subexquisite granulata subtus planiuscula s.

plano-convexa, carina acutiuscula fere sed leviter expressa sub-

infera ; spira conoideo-elevata pulvinata sc. anfractui ult. subito

latiort tumidulo quasi superimposita v. insidente, anfr. 7% con-

vewiusculis, inf. sepe tumidulis, sutura impressa distincta ; umbil.

patulo latiusculo spirali profundo; apert. subangulata, perist.

sinuato.

Hi. polymorpha ¢, pulvinata, Prim. 56. t. 6. f. 16.

Diam. maj. 9-11, min. 83-10, alt. 7-8 mill. Anfr. 7-8.

Subvarr. 1, spira vix submaculata, subtus efasciata ; 2 (Prim. 1. ce.

t. 6. f. 16), spira maculata, subtus fasciis 1-2 plus minus continuis.

Hab. in Portu S® rarior.

Obs. Differt ab H. polymorpha testa pallescente albida, apice

fusco-ceerulescente, minus grosse granulata, subtus planiore, umbil.

majore latiore nec parietibus adeo declivibus, carina subacutiore in-

feriore, sutura magis impressa, anfr. semetipsis v. ultimo abrupte

latiori supra tumidulo quasi superimpositis.

74. H. arrrita, Syn. Diagn. 7. no. 23. T. pallide cornea de-

presso-discoidea subtus convexa solida undique tenuiter et exquisite

reticulato-granulata, carina supera acuta sepe expressiuscula ;

spira convexo-depressa, anfr. 7 planatis attritis, sutura obsoleta ;

umbil. infundibuliformi, parietibus abrupte declivibus ; apert. an-

gulata sepe subtrigona, intus coarctata, perist. subsinuato intus

valde incrassato-calloso subplicato calloque sepe ventrali distincto.

H. polymorpha 6. attrita, Prim. p. 55; H. tectiformis, Wood

(nec Sowerby).

Diam. maj. 84-103, min. 8-10, alt. 53-6 mill. Anfr. 64-7.

Subvarr.: 1, pallida, supra maculato-variegata, subtus fusco an-

guste 1—2-3-fasciata (Prim. I. c. t. 6. f. 14; Wood, Suppl. t. 8.

f. 83) ; 2, fuseo-coffeeacea, subtus eirca umbil. pallida ; 3, tota varie-

gata, fasciis evanescentibus.

Hab. in Portu 8 vulg.

189

Oés. Forma et habitu peculiari ab affinibus omnino distincta statim

dignoscitur. Anfr. ult. peristoma versus late ochraceo-albidus, fasciis

evanescentibus.

75. H. tapevuata, Syn. Diagn. 7. no. 24. TT. pallide cornea

plano-discoidea supra planissima subtus convexa, tenuis, undique

grossiuscule scabro-granulata, carina supera acuta; spira tabellato-

planata, anfr. 54 planis attritis, sutura subobsoleta, umbil. patulo

spirali.

Diam. maj. 6-74, min. 53-7, alt. 3-31 mill. Anfr. 5-6.

Hab. in Madera, rara.

Species distinctissima, H. maderensi, Wood, quodammodo affinis.

Carina distinctissima acuta, sed vix unquam expressa.

76. H. sentuis. T. grisea fusco lentiginosa et fasciata conveco-

depressa v. depresso-discoidea plerumque limbato-carinata solida

undique grosse albo-granulata scabra, carina acuta sepissime ea-

presso-prominente subsupera ; spira plerumque depressa subpla-

nata, anfr. planatis subattritis, sutura obsoleta ; umbil. spirali,

nunc minimo poriformi, nunc (in exemplis adultis majoribus vetus-

tioribus) subpatulo majore.

H. senilis et poromphala, Syn. Diagn. 7. nos. 25 et 26.

Var. «. nebulata ; spira lentiginoso-maculata, fusco unilineata.

Subvarr.: 1, subtus fusco bifasciata ; 2, fasciis subtus duabus fere

v. omnino confluentibus ; 3, subtus unifasciata ; 4, omnino efasciata

albida.

Diam. maj. 7-13, min. 63-11, alt. 4-61 mill. Anfr. 6-7.

Var. 3. vittata ; spiva late fusco unifasciata, carina suturaque pal-

lidis.

Subvarr.: 1, 2, 3,4 ut nw: 2 duas habet formas ; a, spatio circa

umbil. pallido sat largo; 4, eodem angustissimo.

Diam. &c. ut in a.

Var. y. pusilla ; parvula subconoidea, spira elevatiore.

Diam. maj. 53-64, min. 5-6, alt. 4-42 mill. Anfr. 6-62.

Hab. in Ins. Desertis, « vulgatiss., 8 vulg., y (in Ins. Des. Austr.)

rariss., @ etiam in Madera ad Canical foss.

Obs. Spira altitudine pervariabilis: nempe in Ins. Des. Austr.

elevatior, anfr. distinctioribus imo convexiusculis ; sutura subimpres-

siore, carina ob spiram altiorem media, testa lucidiuscula fere minore

(diam. maj. 7-10 mill.) =H. poromphala, Syn. Diagn. 1. c.

77. H. urncra, Syn. Diagn. 7. no. 27. T. cinerea, se@pe roseo-

purpurascente suffusa, fusco-purpureo maculata et fasciata con-

vexo-depressa orbiculato-discoidea obtuse carinata tenuiuscula,

supra tenuiter, subtus obsolete granulata leviuscula lucida quasi

lincta ; carina obtusa exacte media nunquam expressa; spira con-

vexo-depressa, anfr. 7 conveviusculis distinctis, sutura impressa ;

umbil. spirali subpatulo mediocri.

Var. &. rosea ; major roseo-purpurascens, spira fusco subtessella-

tim maculata, fascia lineari fusca supra, 1-2 infra carinam, exteriore

seepe in plures lineares soluta.

190

HZ. polymorpha (3. depressiuscula, Prim. 54. t. 6. f. 12.

Diam. maj. 93-114, min. 9-104, alt. 53-63 mill. Anfr. 64-74.

Hab. in Madera Promont. Garajao versus.

Var. (3. cinerea; minor pallida, spira fusco lentiginoso-maculata.

Diam. maj. 7-10, min. 64~9, alt. 5-6 mill. Anfr. 63-7.

Subvarr. (: 1, supra carinam fusco lineari-unifasciata, infra

fasclis 1-2, exteriore seepe evanida v. soluta (HZ. polymorpha y. are-

nicola, Suby. 1, Prim. 55. t. 6. f.13; H. polymorpha, Kist. M. et

C. t.91. f. 25-277); 2, efasciata (H. pol. y, Suby. 2, Prim. p. 55).

Hab. recens ad Cani¢gal Madere.

Obs. Color roseo-purpurascens mox evanidus, in ( inconspicuus.

78. H. papriio, Syn. Diagn. 7. no. 28. T. late porcellano-lactea

Julvo lentiginosa et fasciata convexo-depressa orbiculato-discoidea

distincte carinata solidiuscula, supra subtiliter arenulato-granu-

lata, subtus nitida levis planiuscula sc. plano-convexa; carina

subacuta exacte media nunquam expressa ; spira convewxiuscula

subpulvinata sc. anfractui ult. antice subito latiori tumidulo

insidente ; anfr. 74 planatis attritis, sutura (nisi antice) obsoleta ;

umbil. patulo spirali latiusculo ; apert. subangulata.

H. polymorpha e. calcigena, Prim. 56.

Diam. maj. 10-12, min. 94-104, alt. 6-64 mill. Anfr. 7-8.

Subvarr. 1, efasciata omnino fere candida, supra obscure maculata

(Prim. ]. ec. t. 6. f. 15); 2, subtus 1—2-fasciata, fasciis seepe inter-

ruptis, nunc distinctis, nune confluentibus, fascia exteriore nunc in

plures soluta, nunc evanescente, supra distinctius maculata.

Hab. in Ins. Infera (I. de Baxo) juxta Portum S™ rarior.

Obs. Species inter H. pulvinatam et discinam media, utrique adeo

affinis ut neutri magna sine perturbatione v. confusione conjungi

potest. Ab utraque scilicet carina haud expressa testaque subtus

nitida levi i. e. fere (nisi interdum casu ut videtur quodam antice)

egranulata differt. Testa subtus magis planata, spira minus elevata

nec conoidea, carina magis acuta, umbil. minus profundo, quam in

H. pulvinata : testa subtus minus planata, spira paullo magis elevata,

carina minus acuta, umbil. subcontractiore subprofundiore quam in

H. diseina, Granulatio potius H. discine supra: sc. quodammodo

subtilior obsoletiorque quam in H. pulvinata. Cuilibet eam pro

forma H. pulvinate depressa habenti oppugnat, non modo forma

depresso-discoidea spiraque minus alta minime conoidea, sed et anfr.

planati attriti suturaque (nisi paullum antice) obsoleta, necnon carina

acutior non expressa. Ab H. discina tamen spira subaltiore subpul-

vinata, sutura antice subimpressa, testa subtus convexiore, anfr. ult.

minus depresso antice supra tumidulo, carina minus acuta nec lim-

bata, umbil. subcontractiore parietibus fere declivioribus, apert. sub-

angulata, quamvis ad illam Aaditu vel proxime accedens, charactert-

bus magis recedit.

79. H. piscina, Syn. Diagn. 7. no. 29. T. fulva v. cinereo-ful-

vescens supra sublentiginosa subtus fusco-fasciata, orbiculato-

discoidea utrinque subplanata acutissime carinata, supra subtiliter,

subtus vel subtilissime et reticulatim obsolete granulata, sublus

191

presertim nitidiuscula planata; carina peracuta expressiuscula

sublimbata exacte media ; spira convexo-depressa, anfr. 7 planatis

attritis, ult. valde depresso complanato, sutura obsoleta ; umbil.

largo patulo spirali minime profundo.

Diam. maj. 10-124, min. 9-11, alt. 51-7 mill. Anfr. 64-7.

Subvarr. 1, supra fusca submaculata, infra pallida fusco fasciata,

fascia plerumque unica distincta ; 2, tota fusca subunicolor preter

spatium latum pallidum circa umbilicum ; 3, tota pallida efasciata.

Hab. in Portu S® vulg.: 3 rariss.

80. H. resrupinatis, Syn. Diagn. 7. no. 30; Kiist. M. et C.

t. 154. f. 36-38. T. ochraceo- v. fulvo-cornea fusco-castaneo

cinereoque lentiginosa et fasciata orbiculato-discoidea nitidiuscula

obtuse carinata, subtus convexa levis lucida, supra subtilissime

granulata et arcte striata, carina obtusiuscula supera ; spira de-

pressa convexo-planata, anfr. 8 convexiusculis, sutura impressa ;

umbil. largo patulo spirali.

Diam. maj. 17-19, min. 16-17, alt. 8-9 mill. Anfr. 7-8.

Hab. in Portu 8%. Inv. T. V. Wollaston.

Obs. Testa ob magnitudinem inter affines insigniorem coloresque

pulchre testudinales eximia. Linea spirali fusca distincta, supra

carinam in medio anfractuum per spiram continuata, carina quasi

duplicata videtur.

§ 26. Tecrura.

Trochomorpha, sp. Alb. 116.

(Typ. H. Bulveriana, Lowe.)

T. umbilicata cupuloideo-trochiformis subdepressa acutissime limbato-

carinata subtenuis glabra nitidiuscula granulata fasciata. Spira

cupuloidea. Anfr. 7-8 lente crescentes planati attriti quasi con-

fluentes, sutura obsoleta, ult. eximie carinato depresso subtus

planato antice defleco. Umbil. mediocris apertus spiralis. Apert.

rotundata labris conniventibus interruptis, callo rectilineari raro

subconjunctis. Perist. incrassato-subreflexum.

81. H. Lyexixrana, Syn. Diagn. 8. no. 31 ; Kiist. M. et C. t.154.

f. 39-41. T. umbil. depresso-trochiformis levis, supra omnino

egranulata subtilissime spiraliter striata cinereo-fusca sublenti-

ginosa obscure fasciata, subtus roseo-purpurascens, mox pallide

cinnamomea, fusco distinctissime fasciata ; spira obtuse subconoidea

depressa, sutura ob carinam subprominulam distinctiuscula ; anfr.

8, ult. sublimbato-carinato antice valde deflexo et infra carinam

descendente ; umbil. minime profundo ; apert. rotundata ; perist.

incrassato-reflexo subexpanso equali, evtus ad carinam haud an-

gulato, labris conniventibus interruptis, callo rectilineari aliquando

junctis.

Diam. maj. 134-154, min. 12-14, alt. 7-8 mill. Anfr. 8-81.

Hab. in Ins. Des. Media s. Majore, in Promont. Occidentali alto

graminoso.

192

Subvarr. 1, subtus bifasciata; 2, fasciis subtus duabus in unam

latam fere v. omnino confluentibus ; 3, subtus unifasciata, 2" exte-

riore evanescente.

Obs. T. supra oculo armato obsolete confertissime spiraliter striata ;

subtus paullo infra carinam obsolete subgranulata, medio (ut supra)

omnino egranulato leevi.

82. H. Avsersi, Syn. Diagn. 8. no. 32. T. umbilicata de-

presso-trochiformis utringue subtiliter granulata cerino-cornea

Fusco fasciata, carina media, subtus convexiuscula ; spira obtuse

subconoidea depressa, sutura obsoleta; anfr. 8, ult. sublimbato-

carinato antice deflexro et infra carinam paullum descendente ;

umbil. profundo; apert. transverse ovali depressa ; perist. in-

crassato-refleco equali, extus ad carinam haud angulato, labris

subconniventibus interruptis lamina tenuissima rectilineari ali-

quando junctis.

Diam. maj. 14-16, min. 13-15, alt. 8-9 mill. Anfr. 73-8.

H. Bulveriana, Kiist. M. et C. t. 13. f. 9, 10.

Hab. in Portu S cum H. Bulveriana vera commista.

Subvarr. 1, fasciata ; 2, virescenti-citrina v. pallide prasina, omnino

efasciata et immaculata, rariss.

Obs. Striolarum spiralium vestigia inter granulationes obsoletis-

sima oculo armato sedulo scrutanti apparent.

83. H. Butverrana, Prim. 44. t. 5. f. 11; Pf. i.208. H. Bul-

verti, Wood, Suppl. t. 8. f.82. H. rota (Lowe ex fide Terver), Pot.

et Mich. Gal. p. 106. no. 106. H. Rota, Lowe, MSS. olim.

Hab. in Portu 8%.

Duce adsunt varr. : a, spira planata; 3, subminor, spira elevatiore.

Subvarr. utriusque var. etiam due: 1, subtus distincte fasciata

(Prim. l. c. t. 5. f. 11); 2, faseiis confluentibus.

Obs. Differt ab H. Albersii testa (preesertim jun.) depressiore

tenui subtus planata, spira obtusiore cupuloideo-rotundata, carina

infera, late limbata, apert. angulari, peristomate recto simpliciusculo,

anfr. ult. haud infra carinam descendente, colore. Striolarum spira-

lium ne minima quidem vestigia detexi.

84. H. rectrrormis, Sow. in Zool. Journ. i. p.57; Prim. p. 45;

Pf. i. 208; Kiist. M. et C. p. 158. no. 599.

Hab. in Portu S*® et in I. de Baxo juxta Portum S™.

Subvarr. tres: 1, tota cretaceo-candida (Sow. 1. c. t. 3. f.6; Prim.

l.e. t. 5. f. 12; Kiist. M. et C.l.c. t. 94. f. 13-15); 2, fuseo

supra l-, subtus 2-fasciata; 3, fusco supra 1-fasciata, subtus fasciis

confluentibus.

Obs. Umbil. magnitudine pervariabilis.

§ 27. CRASPEDARIA.

(Typ. H. Delphinula, Lowe.)

T. perspective umbilicata depresso-trochoidea obtusa latissime lim-

bato-carinata cancellatim striolata subtus spiraliter costellata.

193

Anfr. 7-8 planati confluentes, carina plicato-dentata per spiram

excurrente prominente imbricati, sutura obsoleta ; ult. subtus infra

carinam convero semicylindrico, antice valde deflero producto

disjuncto. Umbil. amplus profundus eximie perspectivus. Apert.

relevato-depressissima subquadrato-circularis. Perist. continuum

omnino relevato-solutum fimbriato-expansum patulo-reflecum inlus

et extus ad carinam angulatum. Avis plane nullus.

Obs. Sectio Creneis veris (Crenee, Alb. pars) per H. cariosam,

Oliv. subaffinis, carina quasi foliaceo-membranacea crispula subpli-

cata v. sinuata erosulo-crenata, necnon umbilico Solariformi patulo

perspectivo intus crenato-granuloso perquam mirabilis.

85. H. Devparnvuta, Prim. 64; Syn. Diagn. 8. no. 33. 7.

latissime et perspective crenato-umbilicata depresso-trochoideu

Sanulo-sinensiformis apice obtusissima planata, latissime limbato-

carinata subochraceo-cretacea decolorata, infra carinam spiraliter

costellata et decussatim cancellata, supra tenuiter lineolis obliquis

spiralibusve undatis arcte arenulato-reticulata ; spira imbricato-

carinata cupuloideo-tectiformi obtusissima apice pluno-truncata ;

anfr. 7-8 subplanatis confluentibus infra suturam obsoletam carina

latissima fimbriato -prominente quasi foliaceo-membranacea sinuato-

erosula subundato-crispula conspicua imbricatis, ult. infra carinam

semicylindrico distincte spiraliter costato et ruguloso-cancellaio

aspero, antice insigniter deflexo disjuncto producto; umbil. solari-

Sormi largo profundissime perspectivo intus crenato-rugoso can-

cellatim granuloso; apert. relevato-obliquissima subprona in-

@qualiter circulari subquadrato-rhombea intus et extus angulata ;

perist. circinato-producto undique relevato-disjuncto expanso-

tubeformi late reflexo margine tenui acuto subplicato flecuoso

biauriculato s. utrinque subcanaliculato-angulato.

Diam. maj. 18-23, min. 151—21, alt. 10-11 mill. Anfr. 7-8.

Delphinula, Bowdich, Exec. in Mad. 140. f. 33 a, 6.

Hab, fossilis ad Canical Madere vulgatiss. : nec alibi !

Obs. Umbil. magnitudine subvariabilis.

§ 28. CoronarRiA.

Ochthephila, (Beck) sp. Alb. 87.

(Typ. H. tiarella, Webb.)

T. pervio-umbilicata trochiformi-mamillata v. depresso-discoidea

bicarinata eleganter costellata et sulcata, spira plicato-coronata.

Anfr. 5-7 distincti, ult. subtus infra carinas convexo semicylin-

drico, antice valde deflero, ad apert. constricto. Apert. circularis

v. coarctato-triangularis relevato-depressissima. Umbil. apertus

Sere largus perspectivus. Perist. circinatum omnino solutum sub-

productum continuum sinuato-subexpansum acutum, nunc simplex,

nune quasi distorto-duplicatum margine intra stricturam aperture

immerso, labroque intus tuberculo (ut in H. paupercula) uni-

dentato.

Obs. Sp. fere cretaceo-albidee, omnes forsan subterranez.

No. CCLXXII.—Procerpines or tHe Zooxogicat Socrery.

194

86. H. rrareLLA, Webb, Syn. Moll. Can. p. 12. no. 18; Ejusd.

Hist. Canar. T. ii. p. 62. t. 1. f. 26-28; Pot. et Mich. Gal. p. 114.

no. 127; Kiist. M. et C. p. 143. n. 576. t. 91.f. 14-16; Pf.1.191;

Prim. (Ed. 1851) App. p. xv.

Hab. ad Canical Maderz vulgatiss. foss. nee recens. Prorsus

errore inter species Canarienses enumeratam credo.

Obs. Umbil. magnitudine pervariabilis.

87. H. coronuta, Syn. Diagn. 8. no. 34. T. late umbilicata con-

vexo-depressa subdiscoidea solidiuscula opaco-cretacea sub-bicari-

nata, subtus exquisite cancellatim costellata; spira convexo-depressa

coronata ; anfr. 5-6 contabulatis s. supra carinam superiorem

prominentem sinuato-dentatam planatis et foveolatim tuberculato-

plicatis, tuberculis equidistantibus radiantibus, sutura distincta ;

umbil. largo patulo pervio profundo ; apert. rotundata subtrian-

gulari constricta ; perist. undique soluto expanso sinuato acuto.

Diam. maj. 54-74, min. 54-63, alt. 3-45 mill. Anfr. 5-6.

Hab. in summo jugo Ins. Des. Australis, statu semifossili, v.

saltem emortua omnino ecolorata, hine inde obvia.

Obs. Species elegantissima, subtus insigniter ac pulchre spiraliter

costata et sulcata costellisque transversis decussantibus eximie can-

cellata; costis subseptenis exquisite expressis, superioribus subpro-

minentioribus, summa carinam inferiorem subindistinctam formante.

88. H. coronata, Desh. T. late umbil. orbiculato-discoidea

planulata solidiuscula subhyalina bicarinata, supra pallide ru-

Fescens, subtus subopaco-lactea costisque ab umbilico divergentibus

flecuosis remotis infra carinam inferiorem limbato-prominentem

integram rotato-radiata ; spira subconvexo-depressa subcoronata ;

anfr. 5, carina superiore oblique tuberculato-plicata distinctissimis,

sutura excavata, carina inferiore simplici acuta limbata; umbil.

largo patulo pervio profundo ; apert. sinuato-triangulari constricta

tuberculo maximo ad labrum intus prominente coarctata ; perist.

undique soluto expanso sinuato tenui acuto.

Diam. maj. 51-61, min. 5-6, alt. 3-3} mill. Anfr. 5-6.

H. coronata, Desh. in Fér. Hist. i. 71. t. 69 K. f. 1-4 (statu

fossili).

H. juliformis, Syn. Diagn. 8. no. 35 (Febr. 1852).

Hab. in Portu 8. Semifossilis in arena calcarea ipse a.p. 1828

sat abundanter legi. Recens in cacumine extremo orientali Insulz

A.D. 1848 rariss.: detexit Wollaston. In Madera nullibi extat.

§ 29. PLACENTULA.

Ochthephila, Beck, sp. Alb. 87.

(Typ. H. maderensis, Wood.)

T. aperte plerumque late umbilicata orbiculata depresso-lenticularis

angulato-carinata solidiuscula costellato-striata subtiliter granu-

lata glabra nitidiuscula plerumque fasciata. Anfr. 5-7 leniter

195

erescentes subplanati, ult. subtus convexo, antice subito deflexo.

Umbilicus apertus fere patulus spiralis. Apert. depressa valde

obliqua circularis, labris conjunctis. Perist. circinatum continuum

subsolutum subincrassaium vix subreflerum.

Obs. Discule proxima. Differt habitu, apertura circulari, labris

conjunctis circinatis, testa subtiliter nec grosse granulata semper len-

ticulari. Granule nempe oculo armato tantum conspicue. Cam-

pylee, (Beck) Alb. 81, etiam affinis.

89. H. compar, Prim. 48. t. 5. f.23; Pf. i. 214.

Hab. im Madera.

90. H. maprrensis, Wood, Suppl. t. 8. f. 84; Prim. 48. t. 5.

f. 22: Kiist. M. et C. pp. 147, 148. no. 583. t. 92.f. 9, 10; Pf. i.

213.

Status (vix var.) major: H. teniata, Webb et Berth. Syn. Moll.

App. p. 21. no. 2; Ejusd. Hist. Canar. T. ii. Pars ii. p. 63. t. 3.

f. 18-20 (aucte) ; Pf.i. 189.

Had. vulgatiss. in Madera, nee alibi! H. teniata, Webb, ex ex-

emplaribus Maderensibus procul dubio orta.

Suébvarr. tres: 1, subtus fascia angusta distincta; 2, fascia lata

infra carinam ; 3, omnino efasciata ; 1 vulgatiss. ; 2 rarior ; 3 vulg.

Diam. maj. fere 6, rariss. usque ad 9 v. 10 mill.

91. H. sprrorsis, Syn. Diagn. 6. no. 36. TJ. parvula latissime

umbilicata depresso-lenticularis planiuscula subobtuse angulato-

carinata tenuiuscula, supra tota granulata et confertim argute

substriata, subtus leviuscula lucida aperturam versus subgranulata,

utrinque obscure fusco unifasciata subunicolor fasciis evanes-

centibus ; spira planato-depressa, apice obtusissima; anfr. 5

convexiusculis, sutura impressa distincta; umbil. amplo patulo

profundo perspectivo, pariete planato; apert. rotundata oblique

subovali; perist. undique soluto subexpanso albo.

Diam. maj. 5-54, min. 4-44, alt. 21-21 mill. Anfr. 5.

Haé. in Madera rariss.

92. H. weprosricta, Prim. 49. t.5.f. 24; Kiist. M. et C. t. 152.

f. 9,10; Pf. i. 214.

Hab. in Madera.

Subvarr. 1, cuprea v. purpureo-fusca, cirea umbilicum lactescens,

distinctius bifasciata ; 2, pallida, cornea, fasciis evanidis. Nisi vero

in exemplaribus recenter captis subvarr. gre distinguuntur ; colore

purpureo vy. roseo cito evanescente.

93. H. micrompnHata, Syn. Diagn. 9. no. 38. ZT. subrimato-

umbilicata orbiculata subglobulosa depressa obtuse subcarinata

tenuiuscula tota confertim et reticulatim arenulato-granulata,

subtus sublevior lucida subpellucida aperturam versus opaco-

lactescens, fusco infra carinam obscure unifasciata; spira con-

vera exsertiuscula, anfr. 6 conveviusculis, sutura distincta ; umbil.

perparvo subrimato-poriform{ vir spirali ; apert. oblique ovali

196

subcontracta ; perist. vie undique soluto contractiusculo simplici

acuto albo.

Diam. maj. 7-8, min. 6-71, alt.4—5 mill. Anfr. 6.

Hab. in Insulis Des. Majore et Minore vulg.

94. H. peaupata, Prim. 48; Kiist. M. et C. p. 262. no. 245.

t.38. f..205 212 Wind) 106.

Hab. in Portu 8°.

Var. a, (Prim. 1. c. t. 5. f. 21) tota distincte granulata ; 6, (H.

dealbata 3, Prim.1.c.; H. fictilis B, Syn. Diagn. 9. no. 37) gra-

nulis subobsoletis leeviuscula; y, fere minor obscure bifasciata, in /7.

fictilem quodammodo transiens.

95. H. rictitis, Syn. Diagn. 9. no. 37. 7. latiuscule umbilicata

orbiculato-depressa planato-lenticularis subacute angulato-carinata

solidiuscula levigata obsolete v. indistincte hinc inde, presertim

supra, subgranulata, subtus nitida levis ad carinam fusco s@pis-

sime bifasciata, ore ochraceo ; spira convexo-depressa anfractui

ultimo antice tumidulo quasi superimposita ; anfr. 5-53 subpla-

nulatis hinc inde rudiuscule oblique striatis 1. subplicatis, sutura

subindistincta antice impressa ; umbil. latiusculo subspirali patulo,

pariete planato; apert. rotundato-ovali ; perist. undique soluto

relevato, incrassato expansiusculo ochraceo.

Diam. maj. 7-8, min. 6-64, alt. 33-4 mill. Anfr. 5-53.

Hab. in Portu 8 gregaria.

Subvarr. 1, plus minus fusco-castanea, fusco bifasciata ; 2, pal-

lescens, fusco bifasciata ; 3, decolorata alba, fasciis evanidis v. nullis

(H. fictilis, Kiist. M. et C. t. 154. f. 29-31, opt.).

§ 30. Caracouuina, Beck.

Gonostoma, (Held) pars, Alb. 94.

(Typ. H. barbula, Charp.)

T. aperte pervio-umbil. depresso-planata lenticularis acute angulato-

carinata arctispira sepissime nuda sat firma pallide corneo-ru-

fescens unicolor, supra arcte striolata v. costellata. Anfr. 5-7

equicrescentes plano-conveciusculi, ult. depresso acute carinato

antice via defleco. Umbil. mediocris sat largus spiralis. Apert.

subangularis anguste depresso-lunata coarctata, labris interruptis

remotis. Perist. subfleruosum, nunc reflexo-labiatum dentato-

sinuatum, nunc simplex acutum basi subreflecum.

Obs. Hispidelle (necnon Euromphale) per H. actinophoram in

Actinellis hue quoque spectantibus affinis.

96. H. tenticuna, Fér. Prodr. p. 37. no. 154; Hist. i. 361.

t. 66*. f.1; Pot. et Mich. p. 91. no. 63; Rossm. vii. p. 12. f.452;

Kiist. M. et C. t. 13. f. 20, 21; Pf. i. 211. H. subtilis, Prim. 45.

t.Voeta lass

Hab. in Madera; et in Portu S*, T. V. Wollaston.

197

§ 31. CurrLtotrema, Leach, Alb. 117.

Latomus, Fitz.

(Typ. H. lapicida, L.)

T’. aperte pervio-umbil. depresso-planata lenticularis acute angulato-

carinata granulata nuda firma nebulatim rufo-fusca efasciata.

Anfr. 5 planati, sutura distincta marginata, ult. depresso acute

carinato, antice valde deflero. Umbil. largus perspectivus. Apert.

obliquissima deflexa transverse ovalis. Perist. reflexo-labiatum

circinatum utringue angulatum, labris continuis conjunctis undique

relevato-solutis.

97. H. uaprcipa, L. Drap. 111. t. 7. f. 35-37; Rossm. i. p. 63.

t. 1. f. 11; Gray, Man. 140. t. 5. f. 51; Pf. i. 370. Carocolla

lapicida, Lam, Hist. vi. 2. p. 99.

Hab. fossilis rariss. in Porta S*, quo exemplar unicum in arena

calcarea Helicifera a.p. 1849 detexit oculatissimus Wollastonus.

Viva nullibi in Ins. Maderensibus hodie extat.

Ods. Diu et sedulo scrutanti, ad amussim cum exemplaribus Bri-

tannicis recentibus exemplar vel optime conservatum fossile hoc pre-

tiosissimum, mihi comparandi causa benignissime commissum, omnino

congruere compertum est.

§ 32. Lampania, Alb. MSS.

Mitra, Alb. 115.

(Typ. H. Webbiana, Lowe.)

T. imperf. lampadiformis depressa limbato-carinata tenuis granulata

Sulva subvirescens efasciata concolor. Anfr. 3-4 cito crescentes,

ult. subtus convexo antice deflero. Apert. ampla patula trans-

verse ovalis auriformis extus ad carinam angulata, labris conni-

ventibus disjunctis. Perist. tenue patulum reflexo-expansum a

carina usque ad axin arcuatum. Axis tenuis simplex verticalis

intrans, labro arcuatim junctus.

Obs. Helicophante, Beck, per H. cornu giganteum, Chemn., nec-

non Corasie, Alb. affinis. Nomen annuente cl. auctore mutandum,

ob genus notissimum Mitram, Lam.

98. H. Wespiana, Prim. 44. t. 5. f. 10; Fér. Hist. i. 344.

t. 283A. f. 7, 8; Kiist. M. et C. p. 306. no. 300. t. 52. f. 5, 6; DE

i. 219.

Haé. in Portu S*.

§ 33. Inerus, Montf.

Crenea, sp. Alb. 78.

(Typ. H. Gualteriana, L.)

T. imperf. vel obtecte perf. spiriplana subdiscoidea compresso-cari-

nata subtus convexa solidiuscula subconcolor obscure fasciata fere

198

decolorata cretacea nuda plicato-striata granulata v. reticulata.

Anfr. 4-5 cito crescentes plani, ult. carina fere limbata et per

spiram ad suturam prominente, antice valde deflero. Apert.

lunato-securiformis s. transverse ovato-rhombea subquadrangularis

ad carinam angulata, labris conniventibus callo laminave junctis.

Perist. supra rectum simplex, infra carinam reflexiusculum, axin

versus calloso-incrassatum, arcuatim axi junctum.

Obs. Testee majuscule formaque sculpturaque inter insigniores.

Species certee paucee: sc. H. scabriuscula, Desh., H. Gualteriana,

L., et H. Wollastoni.

99. H. Woxzastont, Syn. Diagn. 9. no. 41. 7. omnino imperf.

subdiscoideo-depressa utringue convexiuscula medio-carinata soli-

diuscula eleganter obliquissime crebriplicata, plicis undulatis con-

cinnis, tota subtilissime et confertissime arenulata, nebulatim

castaneo-virescens, fusco obscure bifasciata, fauce rosea; spira

convexo-depressa, apice prominente levi roseo, sutura distinctissima

inciso-impressa; anfr. 5 planiusculis tumidiusculis, ult. valde

deflexo, carina compressa s. utrinque subexarata exacte media ad

suturam immersa nec per spiram continuato-prominente ; apert.

valde obliqua depressa transverse ovali subquadrato-rhombea, intus

ad axin et extus ad carinam angulata, labris conniventibus lamina

callosa junctis ; perist. roseo continuo supra recto simplici acuto

basi reflexiusculo axin versus incrassato dilatato-plano.

Diam. maj. 18—20, min. 16-18, alt. 10-12 mill. Anfr. 5-53.

H. Wollastoni, (Lowe) Kist. M. et C. t. 152. f. 15, 16 (opt.).

Hab. in Portu S* recens fossilisque. Recens primus detexit

el. Wollaston ; cujus vigor conchologicus, ne dicam vis entomologica

(vide “ Insecta Maderensia, auctore T. V. Wollaston, Londini 1854,”

opus eruditionis elegantissimee ut curse laborisque stupende), sum-

mum sibi parat honorem. 5

Genus 3. Buximus, Scop.

§ 1. Exrsma, Leach.

Cochlicellus, (Beck) Alb. 178 (nec Fér.).

(Typ. B. acutus, Mill.)

T. anguste perf. conica v. conico-turrita jun. carinata, carina in

aduiltis evanescente, pallida fusco fasciata v. strigato-maculata

absque nitore. Anfr. 6-10, ult. in statu saltem jun. subcarinato

v. obsolete angulato. Apert. rotundato-ovalis, spira multo brevior.

Perist. simplex acutum ad perf. tenuiter reflecum.

100. B. ventrosus, Fér.; Prim. 62. no. 60; Pf. ii. 215. B.

ventricosus, Drap. 78. t. 4. f. 31, 32 ; Rossm. vi. 41. f.377. Helix

acuta, Webb. et Berth. Syn. p. 13. no. 21 (nec Mill.).

Hab. in Madera vulg. in Portu 8S rara.

Duo adsunt varr.: a, ventricosior ovato-conica abbreviata efas-

199

ciata; , gracilior ovato-turrita fasciata, figuris Drap. supra cit.

omnino consimilis. Obs. B. solitarius, Poir. (Helix conoidea, Drap.)

verus in Madera nondum detectus est.

§ 2. Rumrna, Risso, Alb. 176.

(Typ. B. decollatus, L.)

T. subrimata cylindrico-elongata mow decollato-truncata lucidiuscula

pallide rufo-cornea unicolor. Anfr. 4-6, primoribus 8-10 amissis.

Apert. ovata, spira multo brevior. Perist. rectum simplicius-

culum obtusum incrassatum, labris callo junctis.

101. B. pecotuartus, L. Prim. 62. no. 61 ; Drap. 76. t. 4. f. 27,

28; Webb et Berth. Syn. p. 14. no. 1; Phil. i. 139. t. 8. f. 14;

Rossm. vi. p. 45. f. 384; Gray, Man. 5. t. 6. f.60; Pf. ii. 152, 153.

Hab. prope urbem Funchal: Madere.

Genus 4. Acuatina, Lam.

Div. Lubricelle (GuaNDIN#%, Schum. pars Cionella, Alb. 198,

et Azrca, Leach, Alb. 199): teste parvulee leeves lucido-nitentes

pellucidze unicolores pallide fulvo-cornez : anfr. fere planati, sutura

marginata, apice solidiuscula submamillari obtusa.

§ 1. Zua, Leach.

Cionella, Jeffr. sp. Alb. 193.

(Typ. A. lubrica, Mull.)

T. turrita oblonga valde obtusa, spira producta, anfr. 5-6 con-

vexiusculis, sutura distincta viz marginata. Apert. simpliciter

obovata supra acuta spira multo brevior. Perist. marginatum

opaco-incrassatum obtusum. Colum. subcallosa bast attenuata

simplex (nec prominulo-truncata) cum labro subcontinua, trun-

catura v. emarginatione obsoletissimis vix ullis.

102. A. Maperensis. 1. minuscula pellucida splendide nitens

angustato-oblonga graciliuscula ab anfr. ult. usque ad apicem

subattenuata ; anfr. 6 convexiusculis ; apert. teste latitudinem

sc. 2—4, longitudinis equante ; colum. distincte arcuata bast

obsoletissime truncata v. emarginata in labrum attenuata.

Longit. 43—53, diam. 13—2} mill. Apert. 1}—2j, spira

3—34 longa. Anfr. 6.

Bulimus maderensis, Syn. Diagn. 10. no. 42. Helix C. lubrica,

var. Prim. 61. t. 6. f. 29 (mec Mull.). <Achatina lubrica, y. Pf. i.

273.

Hab. in Madera vulg.

Obs. T. corneo-umbrina, animali foeta nigricans.

200

§ 2. Ferussacta, Risso.

Cionella, sp. Alb. 198.

(Typ. A. folliculus, Gron.)

T. subturrita cylindraceo-elliptica v. fusiformis pellucido-tenuis.

Apert. angustato-ovata supra acuminata spira fere brevior.

Colum. basi obsoleta simpliciuscula (sc. obsoletissime v. promi-

nula v. torta v. truncata v. plicata v. emarginata) in labrum

attenuata.

103. A. FoLLIcuLUs, (Gron.) Phil. i. 141. t. 8. f. 27; Rossm.

ix., x. 34. f. 656; Pf. ii. 283; Fér. Hist. ii. 170. t. 134. f. 28-30.

A. follicula, Pot. et Mich. 127. no. 4. Ferussacia Gronoviana,

Risso, Hist. iv. 80. t. 3. f. 27.

Test. juv. (abbreviato-ventricosee), Phil. loc. cit. f. 27a; Physa

scaturiginum, Drap. 56. t. 3. f. 14, 15; Vediantius eristalius (ery-

stallus?), Risso, 1. c. 82. t. 3. f. 24.

Hab. rara in apricis ad terram inter dumeta Opuntia Tune, Dill.

prope urbem Funchal. Maderee. Primus detexit T. S. Leacock.

Obs. In exempl. Lusitanicis, a cl. H6ll olim lectis, colum. basi

magis quam in Maderensibus prominula.

104. A. Graciuis. TT. minuscula angustata turrita splendide

nitens pallide fulvo-cornea v. hyalina fusiformis utrinque atten-

uata gracilis; spira producta gracili-attenuata subacuminata

minus obtusa, anfr. 7 equalibus equicrescentibus planatis ;

apert. spiram subequante v. illa distincte breviore; labro

strictiusculo vix convexo-arcuato ; colum. basi obsoleta viz «e

ne vie prominula v. truncata in labrum attenuata.

Var. a. terebella; major magis colorata fulvo-cornea subventrico-

siuscula v. minus gracili-turrita, apert. spiram subeequante, labro sub-

convexo-arcuato.

Longit. 5—62, diam. 2—25 mill. Apert. 2}—3}, spira 23—32

longa. Anfr. 65—7.

A. Terebella, Syn. Diagn. 11. no. 47.

Hab. in monte Pico Branco, et in jugo orientali Insulam Superam

(I. de Cima) versus Portis S*, Wollaston.

Var. (6. subula; minor pallidior gracilior v. magis angustato-tur-

rita, apert. spira subproductiore distincte brevior, labro strictiusculo.

Longit. 5—6, diam. 1{—2 mill. Apert. 23—24, spira 2333

longa. Anfr. 6—7.

Hab. in Ins. Supera (I. de Cima), necnon in cacumine extremo

orientali Portis S" adjacente, huic adverso.

Var. y. vitrea; pusilla hyalina ecolorata splendide nitens tenuis-

sima abbreviato-subcylindrica obtusissima, apert. spiram subsequante.

Helix C. gracilis, Prim. 61. t. 6. f. 28. A. gracilis, Pf. ii. 284 ;

Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achat. t. 22. f. 117 (aucta) !

Hab. in monte Pico Branco, et in jugo inter Pico de Facho et P.

de Castello Portis St. Etiam in Ins. Des. Majore, Wollaston.

201

Obs. 1. Status potius B juvenilis pusillus quam var. vera distincta

videtur. Testze nimirum 2—4} mill. (nec ultra) longee leevissime

splendide nitentes hyalinze v. ecolorato-vitreze (emortuze opaco-lactez)

tenuissimze fragillimee abbreviato-subcylindrice v. angustato-pupe-

formes obtusissime subturrite, diam. pro ratione majore, spira bre-

viuscula obesiuscula (nec gracili-attenuata), anfr. 3-5 v. 54 sepe

convexiusculis (nee omnino planis), apert. seepe spiram subzequante

vel paullum superante. Tales in jugo inter montes P. de Facho et

P. de Castello, necnon in Ins. Des. Majore, a cl. Wollastono lectas,

quales omnino in monte Pico Branco Portis S# a.p. 1828 et 1832 in

Prim. 1. c. scriptas et depictas ipse legi, pullos v. statum juvenilem

testarum plurium (var. 3 supra) nuperius ab amiciss. auctore in In-

sula Supera (I. de Cima) et in jugo adjacente adverso Portis S#, Pico

de Baxo versus, necnon in eodem ipso Pico Branco lectarum, exem-

plaribus permultis diu seduloque iterum iterumque scrutatis, potius-

quam varietatem alteram distinctam constituentes, habemus. Testze

nempe omnes var. (, preeter characteres in adultis notissimos, sc.

testze majoris colorate (pallide cornez) firmioris acutioris v. graci-

hioris, apertureeque pro ratione brevioris, nihil constans distincti pree-

bent. Sed vitandze confusionis causa, testas sub y. designatas in

preesens pro varietate admisi.

Obs. 2. Ab A. folliculo, Gron., quacum a nonnullis confusa, species

toto czelo distincta.

§ 3. AcitcuLA, Risso.

(Typ. A. acicula, Mill.)

T. aciculari-turrita subulata gracilis attenuata pellucido-tenuis-

sima laxe spirata, sutura valde obliqua. Apert. angustato-

ovata supra acuminata, spira distincte brevior. Perist. simplex

tenue acutum. Colum. laxe arcuata basi prominula truncata

subtorta.

Obs. T. minute hyalino-tenuissime fragillime angustato-elongatee.

Facies Lulime.

105. A. actcuLta (Buccinum), Mill.; Rossm. x. p. 35. f. 658 ;

Pf. ii. 274, 275. no. 90; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achat. t. 20. f. 111;

Forbes and Hanl. iv. 130. t. 128. f.4. Bulimus acicula, (Brug.)

Drap. 75. t.4. f. 25,26. Helix C. acicula, (Fér.) Prim. 59. no. 53.

Testa juven.: A. acicula, Nilss. Moll. Suec. p. 38; Lam. vi. 2.

p- 183; Gray (Turton), Man. 191. t. vi. f. 71; ‘‘ A. acicula, Tur-

ton,” Phil. i. 142. t. 8. f. 26.

Hab. im Madera recens (sub lapidibus post pluvias) vulg. et in

Ins. Des. Majore (testa angustissima gracillima parvula), Wollaston.

106. A. Eunima. JT’. linearis v. angustissime cylindracea gra-

cillima subcurvata ; spira elongata, sutura obliquissima distincte

marginata ; apert. abbreviato-obovata sursum acuminata de-

orsum integra latiuscule arcuato-rotundata, spira multo bre-

viore, pariete ventrali medio uniplicata, plica transversa intrante

202

distincta ; lamina ventrali subcalloso-relevata cum colum. so-

luto-relevata subreflexa (vix truncata’) in labrum arcuato-

attenuata continua.

Longit. (spira diffracto-decollata) 4, diam. 3 mill. Apert. 14 vy.

13, spira 25 longa. Anfr. superstites 4, (2 v. 3 forsan amissis).

Hab. in Portu S* subfoss. rariss. Exemplar unicum speciei di-

stinctissime ac elegantissimee, apice spire diffracto-amisso, ceterum

optime conservatum nitens et subcoloratum pallide corneum v. testa-

ceum (an vere extincta?) in arena calcarea ad Zimbral d’Aréa de-

texit cl. Wollaston.

Obs. An vere sectionis? An potius 4. cylichne affinis? Cf. etiam

Tornatellina, (Beck) Pf. ii. 391. De truncatura columelle, sicut de

labro intus simplice vy. plicis instructo, ob aperturam in exempl. unico

pretiosissimo fragillimo arena fere clausam v. obstructam mihil certi

affirmare ausim. Habitus quidem omnino Ach. acicule, Mill.

Facies Kulime distorte, Dh.

§ 4. Hypsetia.

(Typ. A. producta.)

T. turrita subcylindraceo-subulata solidiuscula subpellucida,

sutura obliqua. Apert. angustato-elliptica, supra attenuato-

acuminata v. postice oblique coarctato-producta spire sub-

equans. Perist. marginatum intus opaco-incrassatum. Colum.

abbreviata basi prominula torta truncata.

Obs. T. majusculz sat firmee subopacee forma Mitre cujusdam

elongate.

107. A propucta, Syn. Diagn. 11. no. 48. 7. majuscula sat

firma subpellucida turrita subcylindraceo-subulata gracilis

elongata, spira producta; anfr. 8 planis equissimis, sutura

subindistincta obliqua; apert. angustato-elliptica, supra at-

tenuato-acuminata retroque oblique lineari-coarctato-producta,

spire subequali; perist. intus marginato s. opaco-ochraceo

incrassato, labro medio arcuato-prominente ; colum. abbreviata,

basi abrupte prominula torta truncata.

Longit. 85, diam. 2} mill. Apert. 44, spira 43 longa. Anfr. 8.

Hab. in Ins. Des. Austr. rariss.

§ 5. AMPHORELLA.

(Typ. A. tornatellina.)

T. majuscula abbreviata ovata v. ovato-fusiformis subopaco-soli-

diuscula, spira conoidea, anfr. planis, sutura parum impressa

obsoleta. Apert. angustato-obovata, supra attenuato-acuminata

v. postice oblique coarctato-producta, spira distincte longior.

Perist. obtusum deorsum subexpansum. Colum. basi valde

prominula abrupte torta subplicata truncata.

Obs. Paries apert. ventralis sursum plica lamellata lineari minuta

subverticali, medio intus tuberculo obscuro obsolete munitus.

203

108. A. mitrtrormis, Syn. Diagn. 11. no. 49. T. mitriformis

elliptico-fusoidea oblongiuscula pellucide fulvo-cornea ; spira pro-

ducta elongata latitudinem sepissime excedente conoidea, sutura

albo marginata; apert. angustato-elliptica supra acuminata re-

troque oblique coarctato-producta ; perist. sinuato, labro medio

arcuato-prominente subinflexo; colum. basi abrupte prominula

torta truncata.

Varr. duce :

a. major gracilior.

Longit. 8—101, diam. 3—4 mill. Apert. 43—6, spira 3—41

longa. Anfr. 6}—7}.

Hab. in convallibus Madere rarior. Etiam in Ins. Des. Majore

vy. Media, Wollaston.

f. subminor paullo subventricosior, plica ventrali superiore magis

expressa distinctius dentiformi.

Longit. 7—9, diam. 3—33 mill. Apert. 4—54, spira 3—41 longa.

Anfr. 6—7.

Hab. in Ins. Des. Minore (Septentrionali). In Portu 8%, a.p.

1828, exemplar unicum subdecoloratum lacteum in monte Pico

Branco ipse legi.

109. A. TORNATELLINA (Helix C.), Prim. pp. 59, 60.

Magnitudine admodum variabilis. Distinguuntur varr. due :

a. major fulvo-castanea v. castaneo-umbrina.

Longit. 7—10, diam. 31—43 mill. Apert. 41—61, spira 3y.

31—4 longa. Anfr. 7—8.

A. tornatellina, Pf. ii. 277 (excl. var. /3.).

Hab. recens in Madere sylvis convallibusque ubique ; fossilisque

ad Canical rara.

Obs. Exemplar insigne in Collect. ditissima lectissimaque Wollas-

toniana, magnitudine et pulchritudine superbiens, in sylvis convallis

‘Boa Ventura,’ legit cl. Insectorum Maderensium Indagator, cujus

benevolentia scribendi copiam fecit. Hujusce

Longit. 114, diam. 54 mill. Apert. 74, spira 4 longa.

8. minor pusilla subpallidior subpaullulum minus ventricosa ;

apert. plica superiore magis abbreviato-expressa distinctius dentiformi,

dente tuberculove medio ventrali subdistincto; colum. basi minus

abrupte prominula. ?

Longit. 5—7, diam. 23—33 mill. Apert. 3—43, spira 2—23 v.

23 longa. Anfr. 6—7.

Icon. Prim. |. c. t. 6. f. 23 (aucta) opt.

Hab. recens in Madere apricis preesertim maritimis. Ad Canical

recensque fossilisque vulg. In monte Pico Branco Portis S", a.p.

1828, exempl. 3 recentia legi.

Obs. A. mitriformi B, accedit analoga, in illam subtransiens.

Differt testa ventricosiore, spira breviore.

110. A. meLAmpoipEs (Helix C.), Prim. 60. no. 55. T. auri-

culiformis ovato-oblonga, latitudine spiram excedente solida cras-

siuscula confertim obsoletissime et subtilissime spiraliter striata,

pallide ochraceo-lactescens v. eburnea subopaca; spira abbreviata

204

conoidea ; apert. obovata deorsum subeffusa supra acuminata vie

retro producta, plica tuberculoque ventralibus obsoletissimis sub-

nullis; perist. vix sinuato v. arcuato-prominente, strictiusculo

deorsum expanso ; colum. basi obsoletiuscula v. subprominula vir

torta subobsolete s. obliquissime truncata.

Longit. 10—113, diam. 43—5j mill. Apert. 6—73, spira 4—43

longa. Anfr. 6—7.

Hab. in Ins. Supera (Ilheo de Cima) juxta Portum S”, et in Portu

S*° ipso (nec alibi) recens fossilisque.

Speciei distinctissimze duce adsunt varr. v. subvarr. :

a; pallide ochraceo-carnea.

Prim. 1. c. t. 6. f. 24 (magnit. natur.) ; Reeve, Conch. Icon.

Achat. t. 22. f. 122 (aucta) !

A. tornatellina, (3. Pf. ii. 277.

6; tota lactea eburnea.

§ 6. FusiLuuvs.

(Typ. A. oryza.)

T. abbreviata ovata v. ovato-fusiformis subopaco-solidiuscula, spira

conoideo-exserta, anfr. planis, sutura obsoteta. Apert. angustato-

obovata supra acuminata spire subequalis (sc. illa sublongior

raro subbrevior). Perist. simplex acutum. Colum. basi simpli-

ciuscula intus subdilatata vir prominula obsolete et obliquissime

truncata in labrum subattenuata.

111. A. ruBercuLata, Syn. Diagn. 10. no. 46. T. subtorna-

telliformis abbreviato-ovata ventricosiuscula solidiuscula subopaca;

spira latitudinem viz excedente, dimidio teste haud v. raro equante;

apert. obovata supra acuminata spiram excedente, lamina ventrali

obsolete calloso-plicata et tuberculata, sc. extus superne longitu-

dinaliter 1-plicifera v. subvaricoso-callosa, intus medio obscure

1—2-tuberculata ; colum. obsolete truncata intus subdilatata nec

prominula viz torta, in labrum simplex (nec arcuato-sinuatum nec

inflerum) subattenuata.

Longit. 6—73, diam. 3—31 mill. Apert. 33—44, spira 3—3}

v. 33 longa. Anfr. 7—8.

Hab. in Portu S*°.

Varr. vel subvarr. due: a, fusco cornea v. castanea; /, pallide

ochraceo-lactea v. eburnea.

112. A. oryza, Syn. Diagn. 10. no. 45. TT. submitriformis ellip-

tico-fusoidea subsolidiuscula subopaca; spira latitudinem paullo

excedente, dimidio teste subequante, anfr. planatis; apert.

obovata supra acuminata spiram paullo excedente, lamina ven-

trali plerumque simplici levi, intus aliquando medio obsolete

subtuberculato, extus superne rarissime subvaricoso-calloso ; co-

lum. via v. obsoletissime truncata in labrum simplex attenuata.

Longit. 5—6, diam. 2}—23 mill. Apert. 2333, spira 21 vy.

25—33 v. 3} longa. Anfr. 6—7.

205

A, triticea, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achat. t. 22. f. 116 (aucta)!

A. triticea 3, Pf. ii. 278.

Helix C. triticea B. edentula, Prim. 61. t. 6. f. 26 (aucta).

Hab. in Portu S* recens fossilisque.

Parr. v. subvarr. ut in A. tuberculata.

113. A. rriticea (Helix C.), Prim. pp. 60, 61 (excl. var. f. f. 26).

T. mitriformis elliptico-fusoidea graciliuscula solidiuscula sub-

opaca fulvo-cornea subfasciata, sutura albo-vittata marginata ;

spira subproducta latitudinemque dimidiumque teste distincte

excedente, anfr. planis; apert. obovata supra subacuminata

spira paullo breviore subbiplicata, plica superiore conspicua

transversa intrante ventrali medio, altera inferiore obscura ob-

liqua interna columellari; colum. basi intus calloso-dilatata

obsolete v. obliquissime late truncata, truncatura medio emar-

ginata supra presertim \-plicata v. dentata, infra in labrum

simplex subattenuata.

Longit. 53— 64, diam. 2}—23 mill. Apert. 23—31, spira 3—

3% longa. Anfr. 6—7.

Helix C. triticea, a. biplicata, Prim. l.c. p. 61. t. 6. f. 25 (aucta).

Ach. triticea a, Pf. ii. 278.

Hab. in Portu S* recens fossilisque.

Ods. Animale nimis incaute e testa extracta, plica sup. magna ven-

tralis facillime diffracta deest. Talia exempla ab 4. oryza caute

distinguenda.

§ 7. PyRGELLA.

(Typ. A. Leacociana.)

T. turrita oblonga obtusa tenuis pellucida subarctispira, spira

producta, anfr. 5-6 convewiusculis, sutura subhorizontali di-

stincta viv marginata. Apert. obovata supra acuminata, spira

distincte brevior. Perist. simplex tenue acutum. Colum. ab-

breviata basi prominula torta truncata.

Obs. T. parvulz pellucido-tenues.

114. A. Leacocrana, Syn. Diagn. 10. no. 43. 7’. minuta tenuis

pellucida splendide nitens turrito-oblonga graciliuscula e basi

ad apicem subattenuata utrinque valde obtusa subarctispira ;

anfr. 6 convexiusculis, sutura distincta subhorizontali; apert.

oblongo-obovata supra angustata acuminata spira distincte bre-

vior, labro leviter sursum arcuato-prominente ; colum. abbre-

viata basi abrupte prominula torta truncata.

Longit. 4— 44, diam. 1}—1} mill. Apert. 1}—2 longa. Anfr.

5—6.

Hab. in Madera rariss. (7. S. Leacock).

Obs. T. facie Ach. maderensis lucida corneo-umbrina, animali foeta

nigricans,

206

§ 8. CyLICHNIDIA.

(Typ. A. ovuliformis.)

T. abbreviata elliptico-oblonga pupeformis utrinque obtusa sub-

tenuiuscula paucispira; spira abbreviata obtusissima. Anfr.

4—5 convexiusculi, sutura distincta. Apert. angustato-obovata

supra acuminata plicis coarctata subringens spira subbrevior.

Colum. basi prominula subdilatata torta distincte et abrupte

truncata.

115. A. ovutiroris (Helix C.), Prim. 61. t. 6. f. 27 (aucta);

Pf. ii. 278. no. 98; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achat. t. 22. f. 119

(aucta) !

Hab. in Portu 8”.

116. A. cyzicuna, Syn. Diagn. 10. no. 44. 7. cylindraceo-

oblonga anguste pupeformis (porcellano-cretacea nitens) utrin-

que obtusissima ; spira exsertiuscula dimidio teste subequante,

anfr. 4 subplanatis, sutura distincta subimmarginata ; apert.

spiram subeacedente angustato-obovata sublineari-acuminata

plicis coarctata ringente subquinqueplicata ; plicis 2 ventrali-

bus, inf. medio maximo, sup. tuberculiformi parvo obscuro ;

3 palatalibus, inf. maximo infra inf. ventralem, 2 sup. denti-

culiformibus minutis inter 2 ventrales conferruminantibus ; co-

lum. undique relevato-calloso, basi abruptissime arcuato valde

prominente torta distinctissime truncata et emarginata.

Longit. 23 —3, diam. 1—17 mill. Apert. 1¢—14, spira 14—12

longa. Anfr. 4.

Hab. fossilis ad Canical Maderee.

Genus 5. Pura, Drap.

§ 1. PALUDINELLA.

(Typ. P. edentula, Drap.)

T. cylindrico-ovata v. conico-ovata ventricosiuscula perf. v. wmbil.

nitens. Anfr. convexi levigati obsolete substriati ; sutura im-

pressa. Apert. omnino edentula. Perist. simplex tenue acutum.

117. P. rumnazana, Syn. Diagn. 11. no. 50. T. distincte wbil.

bulimiformis subpyramidato-ovata v. ovato-turrita subventricosa

obtusa arcte substriata tenuis fragilis pellucida pallide corneo-

flavescens ; anfr. 5 convexo-tumidulis, ult. ventricoso deorsum

producto, sutura impressa; apert. oblique ovali longiore quam

lata 2-1 longitudinis equante omnino edentula ; colum. lamina

in umbilicum expanso-reflexa sinuata, medio convexiuscula ;

perist. angustissime expansiusculo subsimplici acuto, sursum

subsinuato.

Longit. 2423, diam. 1—1{ mill. Apert. 1—1 longa. Anfr. 5.

Hab. inter muscos in truncis Laurorum Maderee rariss.

207

Obs. A P. dilucida (Ziegl.) Rossm. f. 326, cui proxima, preeter

magnitudinem, sat differt. Forma characteribusque magis ad P. di-

lucidam, Zieg). affinis, magnitudine P. edentulam, Drap., refert.

118. P. mrcrospora, Syn. Diagn. 11. no. 51. TT. minuta di-

stincte perf. conico-ovata subtrochiformis v. turbinata abbre-

viata curta obtusissima obsolete substriata fusco-cornea ; anfr.

5 convexo-tumidulis, ult. obtuse angulato basi abrupte truncato

v. subplanato, sutura impressa; apert. depressa transverse

semiovali latiore quam longa 4 longitudinis equante omnino

edentula ; colum. lamina refleca; perist. undique equaliter

arcuato-rotundato simplici acuto.

Longit. 1}—14, diam. 1—1} mill. Apert.1—3 longa. Anfr. 5.

Hab. in foliis culmisque paniculisque graminum, necnon in frondi-

bus filicum, in excelsioribus herbidis v. graminosis Madere rariss.

Obs. 1. Exempl. vix rite adulta; species vero cum nulla alia facile

confundenda, forma P. edentule, Drap., simillima, sed duplo minor.

Obs. 2. P. limneana et microspora, Maderenses, P. dilucide,

Ziegl., et edentule, Drap., Europzeis, par consimile constant.

§ 2. TRUNCATELLINA.

(Typ. P. minutissima, Hartm.)

T. cylindrica obtusissima rimato-perf. v. umbil. sericea absque ni-

tore. Anfr. convewi distincte striati, sutura impressa. Apert.

omnino edentula. Perist. subsimplex refleciusculum.

119. P. trvgaris, Syn. Diagn. 11. no. 52. TT. minuta distincte

umbil. anguste elongato-cylindrica v. lineari-oblonga utrinque

obtusissima, apice quasi decollato-truncata, eleganter et con-

cinne crebristriata; anfr. 6-7 convexo-tumidulis, 4-5 ult. equa-

libus, sutura impressa ; apert. latiuscule rotundato-ovali paullo

longiore quam lata vix ¢ longitudinis equante ; perist. simpli-

ciusculo angustissime reflexiusculo, labro leviter sursum sub-

sinuato.

Longit. 15;—2, diam. 3—{ mill. Apert. 1— mill. longa. Anfr.

Hab. fossilis rarior ad Canical Madere.

Obs. P. minutissime, Hartm., proxima, nec forsan vere distincta.

§ 3. GasTRODON.

(Typ. P. umbilicata, Drap.)

T. cylindrica v. ovato-cylindrica umbil. nitens. Anfr. convexi

levigati obsolete substriati. Apert. subuniplicata, plica ven-

trali distincta fere unica, columellaribus (1 v. 2) obsoletis sub-

nullis, palatalibus s. labri plane nullis. Perist. marginato-

reflecum superne subsinuatum.

208

120. P. ranatensts, Syn. Diagn. 11. no. 53. T. pupiformis

aperte umbil. tenuis ovato-cylindrica abbreviata basi rotundata

splendide nitens levis arcte et tenuiter substriata fusco-cornea

subfasciata, sepe decorticata dealbata; anfr. 5—6 convewis

subtumidis, sutura impressa ; apert. basi late rotundata exan-

gulata, carina umbilicali obsoleta ; plica ventrali distincta,

columellari subnulla ; labro marginato plano-reflexo, denticulo

superne cum sinu indentato obsoletissimo subnullo.

Long. 23—3, diam. 13}—1$ mill. Anfr. 53—6.

Had. in truncis Laurorum Madere, rara.

121. P. anconosToma, « et /, Prim. 62. t. 6. f. 30 (quoad for-

mam male); Pf. ii. 314.

Hab. in Madera vulg.

§ 4. Letostyza.

(Typ. P. anglica, Fér.)

T. umbil. cylindrica v. ovato-cylindrica, nitens. Anfr. planati

levigati obsolete substriati. Apert. multiplicosa fere ringens.

Plice 2 ventrales : exteriore (plica angulari, Pf.) maxima, eum

deuticulo superne labri sinum pro orificio respirationis for-

mante: 1-2 columellares: 1-3 et ultra palatales intra labrum

subinterne ; denticulo marginali labri supra adjecto. Perist.

marginato-reflecum superne sinuatum.

122. P. cuEILtocona, Prim. 63. t. 6. f. 31; Pf. 1. 327, 328.

Hab. in frondibus filicum (Allantodie axillaris, R. Br., Pteri-

disque argute, Vahl.) in adytis montium humidis obscuris umbrosis

Madere, rariss.

123. P. vincva, Syn. Diagn. 12. no. 54. 7’. oblongo-ovata sub-

abbreviata obesiuscula apice obtusa splendide nitens levis obso-

letissime substriata lete colorato-fasciata ; anfr. 6 subplanatis,

sutura subimpressa ; apert. rotundato-ovali haud ringente qua-

driplicata, plica 5“ rudimentali inconspicua punctiformi intus

ad basin aperture adjecta; plicis 4 magnis, 2 ventralibus, 1

columellari, 1 palatali; ventrali interiore minore, plice colu-

mellari unice equali; labro reflezo subsinuato, intus in medio

uniplicato, denticulo superne obsoleto, sinu respir. patulo effuso.

Long. 3—34, diam. 2—23 mill. Anfr. 6.

Hab. in rupibus irriguis inter Marchantiam polymorpham, L. et

gramina ad oram Septentrionalem Maderee, rariss.

124. P. irricua, Syn. Diagn. 12. no. 55. TT. subovato-oblonga

subcylindrica apice obtusissima splendide nitens levis obsolete

substriata fusca obscure fasciata, sepe decorticata et tenuiter

lineata; anfr. 7 planatis transverse obsolete striatis, sutura

minus impressa; apert. subquadrangulari ringente sinuata quin-

queplicata, plicis aliis duabus rudimentalibus in labro aliquando

adjectis ; plicis 5 magnis, 2 ventralibus, 2 columellaribus, | pa-

209

latali; ventrali exteriore maxima extrorsum deflexa, interiore

minore columellart inferiori equali; columellari superiore minore

distincto ; labro reflexo subsinuato intus in medio uniplicato,

plica sexta et septima rudimentali punctiformi supra et infra ali-

quando adjecta ; denticulo sinuque respir. completo distinctis.

Long. 4, diam. 23 mill. Anfr. 7.

Hab. in rupibus Convallium Maderee irriguis inter gramina (Des-

champsia argentea, Lowe) muscosque, rariss.

125. P. pauringa, Syn. Diagn. 12. no. 56. 7. umbilicata obeso-

cylindrica vel abbreviato-obesiuscula curta alveariformis, apice

abrupte contracta subacutiuscula, tota splendide nitens levis

obsoletissime substriata corneo-fulva subolivaceo-nigrescens spa-

diceo distincte bifasciata; anfr. 7 planatis, sutura distincta ;

apert. subtrifoliato-auriformi, ad denticulum constrictiuscula,

aperte quinqueplicata, plicis subcoloratis remotiusculis separa-

tis, 4 majoribus, 1 tantum (ventral ext.) prominente ; 2 ventra-

libus, 1 columellari, 2 palatalibus ; duabus ventral. inequali-

bus, exteriore maxima, interiore cum plica columellari minore

subinconspicua immersa; labro intus biplicato, plica sup. ma-

juscula, inf. minuta punctiformi ad imum aperture immersa ;

perist. marginato-reflexo incrassato carneo v. fusco-purpureo ad

denticulum distincte indentato v. sinuato-contracto; sinu re-

spiratorio subincompleto deorsum subaperto, denticulo labri di-

stincto intus prominente.

Magnit. fere P. sphinctostomatis.

Var.a; testa subobesiore intensius colorata, plica columellari ven-

tralique interiore subminoribus magis internis inconspicuis, cum peri-

stomate intensius coloratis.

Hab. in Convalle Boa Ventura ad truncos Laurorum.

Var. 3; plica columellari ventralique interiore submajoribus magis

conspicuis.

Hab. in muscis ad truncos Laurorum (LZ. canariensis, L.) in Con-

valle Frigida (Rib. Frio) et ad S. Antonio da Serra.

Obs. Per P. sphinctostoma 6, quacum in Rib. Frio commixta vivit,

in P. sphinctostoma a fere transit. Variat nempe plus minus cylin-

drica ; semper vero pro longitudine latior quam P. sphinctostoma.

126. P. spHincrostoma, Prim. p. 63. no. 64; Pf. ii. 335. no. 86.

Var. a, rupestris; spira plerumque distinctius striata. Prim. 1. c.

£6. f. 32.

Hab. sub foliis Sempervivi tabuleformis, Haw. in rupibus mari-

timis atque convallium Madere.

Var. (3, arborea ; testa leviore nitidiore obsoletius striatula.

Hab. inter muscos in truncis Laurorum in convallibus Maderee.

Obs. Species variabilis, plicis columellaribus 1-3, labri (palatalibus

1-3, denticulis 1-2) 2-5; sed testa cylindrica, apertura ringente

ovali, plicis 3 internis magnis eequalibus, cum unica opposita inter-

media palatali magna labri internexantibus v. conferruminatis zequi-

prominentibus distinguenda.

No. CCLXXIII.—Procerpines or rar ZooLtoeicat Society.

210

127. P. pavieata, Syn. Diagn. 12. no. 57. TT. pyramidato-

cylindrica sursum sensim subattenuata splendide nitens levis ;

spira substriata; apert. subeffusa patula haud coarctato-pli-

cata; plicis quatuor remotis, duarum ventralium exteriore

magna prominente, interiore parva immersa inconspicua plice

unice columellari equali ; labro intus uniplicato.

Long. 33 —4%, diam. 1}—12 mill. Anfr. 7—8.

Hab. rariss. cum P. sphinctostomate a, cujus forsan modo var.

vel status tantum degener, in rupibus Convallis S‘® Lucize Madere.

Differt a P. sphinctostomate eeque ac a P. laurinea, forma ab an-

fractu penultimo usque ad apicem sensim subattenuata.

128. P. recta, Syn. Diagn. 12. no. 58. TT. cylindrica elongata

truncata sericeo-nitens levigata obsolete substriata cornea, fusco

distincte fasciata ; anfr. 8 planatis transverse obsolete striatis,

5 ult. equalibus, sutura subobsoleta; apert. subquadrangulari

ovali subeffusa patula haud ringente quinqueplicata, plicis 5

(rariss. 6) remotis, quatuor conspicuis valde inequalibus ; 2 ven-

tralibus, 1 (rariss. 2, sup. obsoleta) columellari, 2 (rariss. 1) pa-

latalibus ; 2 ventral. approximatis, eateriore magna, interiore

minore plice columellari sepissime unice remotiuscule sub-

equali; labro refleco-marginato equali vie sursum sinuato,

intus biplicato, plica superiore plice columellari subequal, in-

Seriore rudimentali punctiformi v. obsoleta; denticulo parum

distincto, sinu respir. subincompleto apertiusculo.

Long. 43—5, diam. 1}—2 mill. Anfr. 8.

Hab. sub foliis Sempervivi tabuleformis, Haw. in rupibus mari-

timis ad oram Septentrionalem Maderze.

129. P. macittenTA, Syn. Diagn. 13.no.59. TT. cylindrica elon-

gata truncata sericeo-nitens distincte substriata pallida cornea,

Susco distincte fasciata; anfr. 8 planatis transverse striatis,

5 ult. equalibus, sutura subobsoleta; apert. subquadrangu-

lari ovali subeffusa patula haud ringente quinqueplicata, plicis

remotis, 4 conspicuis, 2 ventralibus, 1 columellari, 2 (rariss. 1)

palatalibus ; 3 internis (sc. 2 ventral. et 1 colum.) equalibus

equiprominentibus equidistantibus parallelis; labro reflexo-

marginato equali sursum via sinuato intus subbiplicato, plica

superiore subinconspicua immersa intrante, inf. rudimentali

punctiformi obsoleta v. nulla; denticulo distinctiusculo, sinu

respir. subcompleto.

Long. 3$—4}, diam. 1—1$ mill. Anfr. 8.

P. recta 3, MSS. olim.

Hab. in Ins. Des. Majore, Wollaston; etiam in Madera, Wollas-

ton et Leacock, rariss.

211

§ 5. Craticuna.

Orcula, Held?

(Typ. P. substriata, Jeffr.)

Testa perf. v. umbil. cylindrica sericea absque nitore. Anfr. con-

vewi distincte striati v. costellati. Apert. multiplicosa : plicis

ut in Leiostylis. Umbil. parvus angustatus.

130. P. rusca, Syn. Diagn. 13. no. 60. 7’. cylindrica subelongata

truncata striata fusca obscure fasciata; anfr. 74 convexis

transverse crebristriatis, suturaimpressa ; apert. subrotundata

sexplicata haud ringente, plicis confertis conferruminatis s. al-

ternantibus subimmersis fuscis, 2 ventralibus, 2 columellaribus,

2 palatalibus ; plica interiore ventrali, inferiore columellari, et

superiore palatali subequalibus ; columellari superiore palata-

lique inferiore rudimentalibus, aliquando obsoletis ; labro re-

fleco-marginato haud sinuato, denticulo superne distincto intus

prominente, sinu respir. completo.

Long. 3—4, diam. 14 mill. Anfr. 7—72.

Hab, sub folia Sempervivi tabuleformis, Haw., ad oram Septen-

trionalem Madere.

131. P. mitueGrana, Syn. Diagn. 13. no. 61. T. perpusilla

cylindrica truncata striata fusca obscure fasciata; anfr. 6

convexis, stris validiusculis equidistantibus subremotiusculis,

sutura impressa; apert. ovali septemplicata haud ringente,

plicis tubercularibus confertis, palatalibus internis oppositis

(nee conferruminatis) faucem fere claudentibus ; 2 ventralibus

magnis equalibus, 2 columellaribus, superiore minore immersa

imeonspicua; 3 palatalibus, superiore parva distincta, intermedia

crassa, inferiore parva immersa obscura ; labro reflexo continuo,

denticulo distincto.

Long. 2, diam. 1 mill. Anfr. 6.

Hab. in rupibus preesertim maritimis Madere ; etiam in Ins. Des.

Majore, Wollaston.

132. P. rerrarta, Syn. Diagn. 13. no. 62. T. cylindrica subelon-

gata truncata crebriuscule striata fusco-nigricans, anfr. superne

Sascia distincta angusta pallida; anfr. 7 convexis, striis trans-

versis rectiusculis capillaribus distinctis, sutura impressa ;

apert. ovali patula subeffusa 4-plicata ; plicis lamellaribus in-

aqualibus remotis inconspicuis, 2 ventralibus, 1 columellari,

1 palatal; columellari 2" superiore nulla v. omnino obsoleta,

pulatalibusque 2"* superiore et 3° inferiore vel minutis rudimen-

talibus vel plerumque obsoletis nullis ; ventrali interna parva

immersa; columellari palatalique media aqualibus ; labro sub-

reflexo continuo vix sinuato, denticulo obsoleto, sinuque respir.

effuso aperto indistincto.

Long. 33—4, diam. 14} mill. Anfr. 7.

Hab. in Portu S®, Wollaston.

212

133. P. monticona, Prim. 63. t. 6. f.33,; Pf. ii. 335.

Hab. in Portu 8”.

Obs. Differt a P. ferraria testa minore abbreviata pallida fusco

fasciata, anfr. 6 costulato-striatis s. striis validioribus remotioribus

verticalibus flexuosis, plicisque aperture validioribus. P. monticola

ad P. calathiscum ut P. ferraria ad P. fuscam vergit.

134. P. cauatruiscus, Prim. 64. t.6. f.34; Pf. 11. 344. no. 104.

Hab. in Portu S*.

§ 6. SCARABELLA.

(Typ. P. cassida, Lowe.)

Testa subimperf. ovoidea utrinque subacuta solida figulina s. mar-

moreo-nitens. Anfr. planati sulcato-striati. Apert. auriformis

antice producta multiplicosa ringens. Labrum callo intus in-

crassatum. Perforatio angustissima vie ulla.

135. P. cassrpa, Prim. 64. t.6.f. 35 (male); Pf. ii. 344. no. 103.

Kiist. M. et C. p- 135. no. 142. t. 17. f. 15-17.

Hab. in Madera: recens rariss. nuperrime paullo abundantius a

cl.. Wollaston detecta. Fossilis sat frequens.

Obs. Species eximia notabilis, Searabum vel Tomogerem referens.

Testa recens pulcherrime brunneo tessellato-marmorata, nitore por-

cellano-figulino.

§ 7. ALVEARELLA.

(Typ. P. cassidula.)

Testa umbil. subovata obesiuscula curta subnitens. Anfr. planati

distincte striati. Apert. multiplicosa, plicis fere ut in Leio-

stylis. Umbil. largus infundibuliformis.

136. P. casstpuLa, Syn. Diagn. 13. no. 63. TT. subovata eurta

obesiuscula utrinque obtusa apice contractiuscula substriata

nitens tenuis subpellucida pallide flavescenti-cornea obscure

fasciata; anfr. 7-8 planatis, superioribus arcte striatis, ult.

levi antice sulco pone labrum subspirali leviter exarato, sutura

distincta; apert. semiovali subauriculata v. oblique deorsum

producta ringente septemplicata, plicis 2 ventralibus, 2 colu-

mellaribus, 3 palatalibus ; ventrali exteriore, columellari infe-

riore, mediaque palatali intus late dilatato-lamellata, conspi-

cuis magnis ; labro tenui reflexo superne ad denticulum sub-

sinuato, extus pallide ochraceo-opaco, denticulo valde distincto

intus prominente sinuque respi. completo.

Long. 3, diam. 2 mill. Anfr. 7—8.

Hab. in Madera rariss., Wollaston.

137. P. concinna, Syn. Diagn. 13. no. 64. TT. subcylindrica

curta subobesiuscula utrinque obtusa striata sericeo-subnitens

spadiceo-fusca v. nigro-castanea fasciata, apice sepe albo-de-

213

corticata ; anfr. 7-8 planatis arcte striatis, striis capillaribus

flexuosis conspicuis subvalidis, sutura distincta ; apert. haud

ringente quinqueplicata, plicis 3 validis prominentibus, 2 incon-

spicuis parvis ; 2 ventralibus magnis extrorsum deflexis, exte-

riore denticulum labri fere attingente ; 1 columellart, interiori

ventrali subequante ; 2 palatalibus immersis, inferiore ad basin

columelle punctiformi sepe obsoleta; labro reflexo, denticulo

superne valde distincto intus prominente, alio supra ad angulum

sepe adjecto, sinu respir. (ut in P. sphinctostomate) completo.

Longit. 3—34, diam. 1—2 mill. Anfr. 7—8.

Hab. in Madera rariss. Primus inv. cl. Wollaston. P. laurinee

analoga, forsan affinis, simillima.

138. P. appreviaTa, Syn. Diagn. 13, 14. no. 65. T. pusilla

solidiuscula compacta curta abbreviato-oblonga, latitudine 2 lon-

gitudinis equante, utrinque obtusissima crebri-costellato-striata

subnitens; anfr. 6-7 planatis arcte et cequaliter costellato-

striatis, ult. antice sulco subspirali leviter exarato, striis vali-

diusculis distinctis obliquis sepe flexuosis, sutura distincta ;

apert. semi-ovali subtriangulari 4-plicata, plicis 2 ventralibus

obliquis parallelis columellarique unica majusculis conspicuis,

1 palatali immersa obscura ; labro latiuscule refleco sursum (ad

denticulum) inflexo-sinuato, denticulo distincto intus promi-

nente, sinu respir. completo.

Longit. 2—24, diam. 13—1} mill. Anfr. 6—7.

Hab. fossilis ad Canical Madere rariss. Primus inv. Wollaston.

139. P. Gippa, Syn. Diagn. 14. no. 66. 7. pusilla solidiuscula

compacta curta abbreviato-oblonga, latitudine ? longitudinis

equante, gibba utrinque obtusissima distincte costata nitens

castaneo-fusca pallido fasciata; anfr. 6 planatis, ult. antice

ascendente subdistorto, costis remotiusculis equidistantibus ver-

ticalibus transversis, sutura subobsoleta; apert. subtrilobato-

auriformi ringente plicis 5, 3 internis prominentibus conspicuis

magnis, 2 ventralibus, interiore lamellata maxima latissima

oblique valde prominula, exteriore crassa antice abrupte dila-

tata subbifida v. emarginata auriculato-lobata extrorsum valde

deflexa ; columellari 1 magna crassa horizontali, palatalibus 2

inconspicuis immersis ; labro incrassato-reflero sursum valde

inflexo-sinuato, denticulo distincto valde prominente crasso,

sinu respir. distinctissimo completo.

Longit. 13—2, diam. 1{—13 mill. Anfr. 6.

Hab. in Madera; fossilis ad Canical rariss. Exempla recentia

duo, alterutrum cum animali jam vivente, in Convalle S‘* Luciz

detexit oculatiss. Wollastonus.

§ 8. Masruta.

(Typ. P. lamellosa.)

T. perf. abbreviato-cylindrica v. mamniformis subturbinata sub-

membranacea absque nitore. Anfr, convex lamellato-striati v.

214

membranaceo-costati, costellis sepe spinelloso-productis. Apert.

semi-ovalis subdepressa, plicis paucis distinctis.

140. P. pamecxosa, Syn. Diagn. 14. no. 67. T. pusilla abbre-

viato-cylindrica v. mammiformis curta subturbinata utrinque

obtusissima tenuis submembranacea fusca efasciata lamellato-

striata; anfr. 5 convexis tumidulis, lamellis medio foliaceo-

dilatatis v. lacerato-aculeutis membranaceis equidistantibus re-

motiusculis obliquis transversis costatis, sutura impressa pro-

Sunda ; apert. semi-ovali depressa largiore quam longa triplh-

cifera; plicaventrali unica maxima, colum. unica minore infera,

palatali huiec opposita immersa obsoleta obscura inconspicua ;

labro expansiusculo vie subsinuato, denticulo minusculo obsoleto

sinuque respir. aperto indistincto.

Longit. 2, diam. 13 mill. Anfr. 5.

Hab. fossilis ad Canical Madere rariss. Exempla quoque recentia

paucissima inv. primi Wollaston, Armitage, deinde Leacock. Habitus

Helicis aculeate, Mill.

§ 9. StauRODON.

(Typ. P. pygmea, Drap.)

T. pusilla v. minuta perf. v. umbil. tumidulo-cylindrica obesius-

cula levigata v. obsoletissime striolata nitens. Anfr. pauci

convext, sutura impressa. Apert. fere circularis 3-5 plicata,

plicis sepe 4 cruciatis. Perist. subcontinuum equale ; denti-

culo sinuque respir. distinctis nullis.

141. P. saxicona, Syn. Diagn. 14. no. 68. TT. minuta rimato-

umbil. subovoideo-eylindracea v. subobesiusculo-oblonga utrinque

subattenuata obtusa fulvo-fusca efasciata subopaca solidiuscula

nitidula levigata sc. obsoletissime striolata ; anfr. 5 convexis

minutissime (sub lente) confertim oblique striolatis, ult. omnino

simplice (nec “ antice tumido-subcristato,” Pf. v. pone labrum

callo- pallido costato-subvaricoso), sutura distineta impressa ;

apert. equaliter rotundato-ovali 5-dentata ; dentibus 4 im-

mersis cruciatis, 1 ventrali majore, 1 columellari, 2 palatalibus,

3 ult. equalibus ; 5° tuberculiformi distincto extus superne

ad angulum labri adjecto; perist. undique continuo equali

(nec sinuato) subincrassato expansiusculo intus ad ventrem

calloso-relevato.

Longit. 15—13 vix 2, diam. 3—% vix 1 mill. Anfr. 4454.

Hab. in Madera recens sub lapidibus ; fossilis ad Canical rariss.

142. P. semrnuLuM, Syn. Diagn. 14. no. 69. TJ. minutissima

rimato-umbil. ovoideo-cylindracea v. obesiuseulo-oblonga sub-

ventricosiuscula utrinque subattenuata apice obtusissima fulvo-

Susca efasciata subopaca solidiuscula nitidula levigata sc. obso-

letissime striolata ; anfr. 43 tumidulo-convexis minutissime

(sub lente) confertim oblique striolatis, ult. omnino simplice

(nee antice varicoso), sutura profunda ; apert. subquadriden-

215

tata ; dentibus 3 immersis (4° palatali superiore minuto obsoleto

sepe deficiente) in triangulum dispositis, 1 ventrali majore,

1 columellari, 1 palatali, 2 ult. subequalibus ; 4° tuberculi-

Sormi distincto extus superne ad angulum labri adjecto ; perist.

continuo subincrassato expansiusculo, intus ad ventrem calloso-

relevato, extus sc. labro subangulari strictiusculo inflexo-sinuato,

denticulo superne intus distinctiusculo,

Longit. 1j—14, diam. 3 mill. Anfr. 44.

Hab. recens in Madera rariss., T. S. Leacock.

Obs. Species subdubia, ulterius investiganda, quum exempla pau-

ciora, eaque semel tantum, examinare contigit. Pupe sawicole forsan

mera var. statusve pusillus.

Genus 6. Bauea, Pridx.

143. B. perversa, (L.) Flem. Brit. Anim. 271. Balea per-

versa, Gray, Man. 207. t. 6. f. 70. Pupa fragilis, Drap. 68. t. 4.

f.4; Nilss. p.48; Lam. vi. 2. p. 110. no. 24. Balea fragilis,

Rossm. x. 24. f. 636; Forbes and Hanl. iv. 114. t. 128. f. 8, 9.

Hab. recens in Portu S* rariss., Wollaston.

Obs. Neque in Madera neque in Ins. Desertis adhue obvenit.

Teste exemplis Britannicis graciliores, ad amussim ut in figuris Drap.

et Rossm. citatis delineate: cetera omnino consimiles.

Genus 7. Ciausix1a, Drap.

144. C. crispa, Prim. 65. t. 6. f. 36 (aucta; e specim. manco

decolorato nec rite adulto, perist. incompleto) ; Pf. ii. 484; Kiist.

M. et C. p. 118. no. 113. t. 13. f. 5-7 (opt.).

Hab. in truncis Laurorum Madere vulg. necnon fossilis ad Canical

rara.

Obs. Sp. inter nobiliores generis eximia pulcherrima, lete picta s.

albo (recens capta luteo) strigato-marmorata v. lentiginoso-macu-

lata.

145. C. pELTostoma, Prim. 65. no. 69.

Var.a. raricosta ; T. solidiuscula ventricosiuscula testacea v. flavo-

subrufescens pallida; anfr. 10-113 vix 12 convexiusculis clathrato-

costellatis, costellis rariusculis subremotis distinctis, sutura distincta

impressa.

Subv. 1. Porto-sanctana ; eximie clathrata costellata, costellis sat

remotis grossiusculis.

Cl. deltostoma a, Prim. |. c. t. 6. f.37 (aucta); Pf. ii. 410. Cl.

Lowei, Alb. in litt. 1852; Kiist. M. et C. t. 19. f. 23-26.

Hiab. in Portu S*°, recens vulg., foss. (Wollaston) rarior.

Subv. 2. maritima; subclathrato-costellata, costellis subapprosi-

mantibus tenuioribus. -

Prim. 1. c. t. 6. f. 38 (aueta; errore pro var 8. e specimine Caui-

calensi delineata !).

216

Hab. in Maderz aridioribus maritimis, e. g. in Rancho prope Cam.

de Lobos, ad Piedadem prope Canical, Paul do Mar, &c.

Obs. Var. a. Subv. ‘per Suby. 2 in 6, Suby. 1 per formas inter-

medias innumeras transit.

Var. 2. crebristriata; T. tenuiuscula graciliuscula fusco-cornea

intensius colorata subcinereo-sericina; anfr. 8-11] planatis crebri-

striatis, striis confertis approximatis tenuibus albidis, interstitiis colo-

rato-fuscis, sutura subobsoleta minus impressa.

Cl. deltostoma (3, Prim. 1. c. (sed non f. 38, vide supra) ; Pf. 1. c.

Subv. 1. normalis; gracilis subelongata.

Hab. in Madera Insulisque Desertis vulgatiss. ubique: poly-

morpha. In submaritimis (e.g. in Rancho Insulisque Desertis) ina,

subv. 2 transiens : in editioribus aére humidiore montanis tenuior fere

minor, striis creberrimis tenuissimis.

Subv. 2. depauperata ; subabbreviata pusilla, ad Cl. exiguam ac-

cedens.

Cl. deltostoma, Kiist. M. et C. p. 92. no. 87. t. 10. f. 21-24?

Hab. in collibus apricis submaritimis, 1500 fere ped. altis, editiori-

busque montanis Madere.

Obs. TInterstitia costellarum vy. striarum longitudinalium zeque et

in a et (3, plerumque striolis spiralibus confertis interruptis obsolete

crenato-decussata. Striolee vero aliquando, przesertim in @ 1, omnino

evanescunt.

146. C. exicua, Prim. 66. no. 70. t. 6. f. 39 (aucta); Pf. il.

485; Kiist. M. et C. 91. no. 85. t. 10. f. 12-15.

Hab. in rupibus Madere.

Family IV. CycLosromaTID&.

Genus Craspeporoma, Pf.

(Cyclostoma, § Hygrobium, Syn. Diagn.)

(Typ. C. lucidum.)

“<T’. subturbinata rimata, anfr. ult. antice subcoarctato. Perist.

continuum simplex, prominentiam internam operculi excipiens.

Operc. corneum solidum arctissime spiratum, nucleo centrali,

pagina externa plana, interna prominentia circulart in anfr.

penult. munita, medio profunde concava.” Pf.

Obs. T. levigatee lucido-nitentes.

147. C. tuctpum (Cyclostoma), Prim. 66. no. 71. t. 6. f. 40

(aucta); Kist. M. et C. t. 13. f. 26, 27; Pf. Mon. Pneum.

p- 51. no. 88.

Hab. in umbrosis obscuris convallium irriguisque Maderze ubique

recens: etiam fossilis ad Canical: vulgatiss. In Portu S‘° tantum

fossilis rariss. In Desertis omnino deest,

217

148. C. Lyonnetianum (Cyclost.), Syn. Diagn. 15. no. 70;

Pf. Mon. Pneum. p. 52. no. 89. 7. trochoidea ewilissime spi-

raliter striata; anfr. ult. angulato-carinato.

Diam. 3—33, alt. 4—4}. Anfr. 5—52.

Had. in convallibus Madere recens, fossilisque ad Canigal rara,

Wollaston.

Division B. Ampu1s1 (Littorales).

Family V. TRUNCATELLID&.

(Operculatze. Tentacula 2, oculis ad basin externam. Pes simplex.)

Genus 1. TRUNCATELLA, Risso.

(Typ. T. truncatula, Drap.)

149. T. Truncatuta, Drap.; 7. truncatula 2. costulata, Zool.

Journ. v. 302. t. xiii. f. 13-18. Z. costulata, Risso, Hist. iv. 125.

no. 301. f. 57. Cyclostoma truncatulum a, Drap. 40. no. 17. t. 1.

f. 28, 29; Lam. vi. 2.p. 149. no. 28. Rissoa truncata, var. major,

Phil.i. 151. Testa juv. Paludina Desnoyersii, Payraud. Catal. 116.

no.-245. t. 5. f. 21, 22?

Hab. sub lapidibus magnis rotundatis, zestu maris quotidie sub-

mersis, siccisque deinde relictis, in littore septentrionali Promont. S*

Laurentii Madere.

Obs. Experimentis in Zool. Journ. v. pp. 280-305 relatis non ob-

stantibus, animalia Truncatelle <Auriculeque (Conovuli) Pedipe-

disque potius pulmonifera quam branchifera esse, perpensis diu un-

dique argumentis, probabilius videtur.

Family VI. AuricuLiIp2&.

(Inoperculate. Tentac. 2, oculis ad basin internam.)

Genus 1. Auricuxa, Lam. (Pes simplex.)

(Typ. 4. Mide (Argenv.) Lam.)

§ 1. T. ovata v. oblonga, spira exserta.

150. A. aquaxis (Melampus), Zool. Journ. v. 288. no. 1. t. xiii.

f, 1—5.

Varr. a, castanea, obscure subfasciata ; 3, tota alba.

Hab. infra lapides littoris Septentr. Maderee.

151. A. Gractiis (Melampus), Zool. Journ. 1. c. no. 2.

Hab. in fissuris rupium littoris Meridionalis Madere.

Obs. Prioris forsan mera var. v. status.

218

§ 2. T. conoidea, spira brevissima.

152. A. ex1eua (Melampus), Zool. Journ. 1. c. 291. t. xiii.

f. 639;

Hab. infra lapides in littore Septentr. Maderze.

Genus 2. Peprres, Adans. (Pes duplex.)

153. P. arra, (Gm.) Zool. Journ. 1. c. 296. t. xiii. f. 8-12; Fé

russ. Tabl. Syst. 109. no. 1. Le Pietin, Pedipes, Adans. Seneg.

p- 1l.t.1.f. 4. Tornatella pedipes, Lam. vi. 2. 221. no. 6.

Hab. vulg. sub lapidibus littoris Septentr. Promont. S* Laurentii

Mader, cum Truncatella truncatula 6, Auriculisque equali et

exigua consociata.

Division C. Aquatic (aque dulcis).

Family VII. Limnz1pz.

(Inoperculatee. Tentac. 2, oculis ad basin internam.)

Genus 1. Limnzxvs, Drap.

154. L. rruncatuLus (Buccinum), Miill.; parvulus v. pusillus

fere minutus distincte perforatus ovato-conicus ; anfr. tumidis, sutura

profunda impressa ; apert. spiram subeequaute. Gray, Man. 240.

t. 7. f. 108; Forbes and Hanl. iv. 177. t. 124. f. 3. Lymneus mi-

nutus, Drap. 53. t. 3. f.5, 6. Lymnea minuta, Lam. vi. 2. p. 162.

no. 12; Nilss. p. 72. Limneus minutus, Rossm. i. p. 100. t. 2.

Var. 3. spira subbreviore aperturam vix sequante, perforatione

subpatula; Phil. i. 147. t. 9. f. 2.

Hab. ((3) in irriguis Maderee infra 1500 ped. vulg.

Obs. T. Maderenses minutze 3-4, raro 5-6 mill. longe; anfr. ult.

aliquando obsolete subcarinato. LExemplis Sicilianis a cl. Philippi

descriptis omnino consimiles videntur.

Genus 2. Ancyuvus, Geoffr.

155. A. rLuviaTitis, Miill.; Drap. 48. t. 2. f. 23, 24; Nilss.

p- 84; Gray, Man. 249. t. 10. f. 125; Phil. i. 120; Forbes and

Hanl. iv. 187. t. 122. f. 4.

Hab. in rivulis convallium Maderze supra 1000 ped. ubique.

Obs. Exempla Maderensia majuscula, striolis longitudinalibus ple-

rumque distinctiusculis pectinato-radiata.

219

7. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF LEePIDOPTEROUsS INSECTS

BELONGING TO THE GENUS OIKETICUS.

By J. O. Wrestwoop, F.L.S.

(Annulosa, Pl. XXXTV.—XXXVII.)

It may probably be regarded as one of the settled axioms in na-

tural history, that there is not a single character which has been em-

ployed to distinguish any group of considerable extent, which is not

liable to be effaced or even contradicted by some one or more of the

members thereof ; thus, whilst we have quadrupeds without legs, and

birds without wings, the great division of annulose animals charac-

terized by the possession of articulated feet contains great numbers

of species which are entirely destitute of those organs ; and in like

manner the secondary division of the Annulosa, distinguished by the

possession of wings in the final state (or the Ptilota of Aristotle), ex-

hibits to us many species which never gain instruments of flight.

Instances, however, in which both these grand characteristics are

absent, are of the greatest rarity. Of wingless Ptilota examples oc-

cur in most of the orders, as in the female glow-worm among the

Coleoptera ; the neuter ant and female Mutil/a among the Hymenop-

tera; many of the smaller grasshoppers and locusts among the

Orthoptera; some of the Gerride among the Hemiptera; the

genera Boreus and Termes in the Neuroptera; the female Coccus

among the Homoptera; the genera Chionea and Borborus among

the Diptera ; the Stylopzde, in the order Strepsiptera, and the females

of various moths, as in the genera Orgyia and Cheimatobia, as well

as in Otketicus of L. Guilding. Amongst these exceptions it will be

remarked that the majority are cases in which only the females are

wingless, whilst all except Coceus, Stylops, and Otketicus possess arti-

culated feet in the wingless state. These three genera would therefore

be regarded, if we considered only the adult state of the females, as

the most degraded instances of apiropodous Ptilota. But such an

opinion cannot be maintained, since the early states of these insects

exhibit as high an amount of organization as those of any of the other

insects in the orders to which they respectively belong, their peculiar

characteristic being, that, whilst in the great mass of winged insects

there is always a gradual evolution of structure, by which at length

wings and legs are developed, these particular individuals, destined

ultimately to appear in such a degraded condition, not only gradually

lose their powers of evolution, but are subjected to a power of absorp-

tion by which the limbs which they at first possessed are gradually

reduced in size and ultimately entirely lost, till the animal retains only

the appearance of a short sluggish vermiform animal, in which not

only are the wings and legs but also the antenne and the organs of

the mouth almost or entirely obliterated, and even the articulated

condition of the body nearly lost.

Such is the apparently helpless condition of the females of a rather

extensive group of moths, which have been long well known to German

entomologists under the name of Sacktragers, of which the smaller

species constitute the genus Psyche, whilst some of the larger were

220

formed by the late Rev. Lansdowne Guilding into the genus Oiketicus.

The memoir on the two West Indian species observed by that author

is contained in the volume of the Linnzan Transactions, and is one of

the most valuable contributions to the science contained in the

volumes published by that Society. Whilst the plates, however,

which illustrate this memoir clearly prove the close affinity of the

two insects, the males are very distinct in form from each other, and

ought evidently to be regarded as types of separate subgenera. Of

their intimate connexion with the smaller European species known

under the generic name of Psyche (but which have lately been dis-

tributed by M. Bruand, in an excellent monograph on the group, into

various subgenera), there can be no possible doubt ; indeed the largest

British species cannot be separated generically from Ozketicus.

OIKETICUS NIGRICANS. (Plate XXXIV. fig. 1 and details.),

Of this species males only were first captured in this country,

which were illustrated by Mr. Curtis in his “ British Entomology ”’

under the name of Penthophera nigricans ; its generical relation

with Penthophera is, however, entirely unfounded, whilst even its

family connexion therewith is at least questionable. By the kind-

ness of F. Bond, Esq., I am enabled to exhibit at the present meeting

of the Zoological Society living specimens of the females of this spe-

cies, together with the male and the cases formed by the caterpillars,

covered with small morsels of twigs and ling. From a comparison

of the characters of this species as compared with the other British

Psychides, Ihave considered the former as subgenerically different from

them, and have applied to it the name of Pachythelia. The case of

the larva affixed by its mouth to a twig of ling is represented in

Plate XXXIV. fig. 1g. The caterpillar has habits similar to those

of the larva of Mr. Guilding’s Ozketicus, and like this has the head

and thoracic segments of a pale buff colour dotted with black. Great

numbers of the cases of this species were found in the New Forest by

S. Stevens, Esq., F.L.S., &c., to whom I am indebted for the fol-

lowing note on the habits of the species :—

«JT found the cases of this insect both at Ringwood and Lyndhurst

in the New Forest, attached to the points of the heath and gorse, in

the third and last week in May, and the perfect insect appeared a few

days after, the females more like.a maggot than a complete insect,

having neither wings nor legs, or at least only the rudiments of the

latter; they occasionally come out of their cases, but generally lay

their eggs first ; two of the males which I reared had not been out of

the chrysalis above ten minutes ere they paired with the females, but

did not remain in connection above a quarter of an hour, nothing but

their head and wings being observable at the time. Whilst at Lynd-

hurst, I kept the box I had the cases in out of doors, and one evening,

it appears, the garden was quite alive with them, the males flying

round the box and settling on the top, no doubt attracted by a female;

their scent must be very strong, as the heath was more than half a

mile off. I, unfortunately, was not at home at the time, but the

woman at the cottage secured a specimen ina pill-box. I afterwards

kept watch for them, but they did not appear another evening, al-

221

though there were several unimpregnated females in the box: how

is this to be accounted for? The males invariably emerge from the

chrysalis between 5 and 7 in the afternoon; but I have only, as yet,

reared fourteen males and about two dozen females out of upwards of

100 cases ; I begin to fear the remainder must be dead.”

The accompanying figure of the female of the British species was

made from the living insect, specimens having been sent me from

Scotland by Mr. Weaver in the middle of the month of June. The

body has all the soft appearance of that of the larva of a wasp or bee,

and is of a pale dirty whitish colour, except the upper side of the

head and thoracic segments, which are brown; the first, fourth, fifth,

sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh segments of the

body are furnished at the sides with a pair of spiracles, from which

the trachez may be seen to radiate through the thin skin of the

body ; on the underside of the body is a row of nine small brown

spots in the middle of the segments, commencing on the segment

next to the head, those on the thoracic segments being close together

between the minute rudiments of legs. The head has three deep

circular impressions in front, forming a triangle ; the eyes appear to

be merely irregular black spots, with the surface continuous and desti-

tute of facets; the antennz are rudimental, consisting of a minute

exarticulated pair of appendages on the underside of the front of the

head ; between the rudimental antenne there is a transverse impres-

sion in the place of the mouth which is alternately puffed out and

withdrawn, but no opening is visible; the legs are minute tubercles;

the body is terminated by a small fleshy lobe or appendage, beneath

which is a fleshy pro-leg or wart. The insect has a very strong

vermicular motion, contracting segment after segment, considerably

resembling in this respect the incipient pupa of some Hymenop-

tera. It twists the extremity of its body about in various directions,

especially upwards, with considerable energy.

The winged male has the antenne bipectinated to the tips; the

anterior legs are long and slender, the tibia being furnished with a

long and slender spur arising from near the base, and the forewings

are only furnished with eleven branches running to the margin of the

wing. From a comparison of the figure of this wing with those of

O. Saundersii (Pl. XXXV. fig. 2) and O. Hiibneri (Pl. XXXVI.

fig. 16), it appears evident that the wanting branch is that analogous

to the upper discoidal of Mr. Edward Doubleday.

The figures given by the Rev. L. Guilding of his two West Indian

species of Otketicus being deficient, from containing no representa-

tion of the veining of the wings, the structure of the legs, &c., I

have endeavoured to supply these deficiencies by an examination of

typical specimens, which are in fact requisite to enable us to esta-

blish satisfactory comparisons with the new species described in this

paper.

Orxeticus Kirsu. (Plate XXXIV. fig. 2 and details.)

Of the male of O. Kirbii, L. G., there is a typical specimen in the

Kirbian cabinet of the Entomological Society, which has afforded the

222

accompanying figures. The antenne consist of about forty joints,

the third and eighteen or nineteen following bipectinated, the terminal

pectinations being shorter on the underside, and the remaining joints

simply serrated. The head has two minute slender rudimental exarti-

culate palpi, and the fore wings have the full complement of branches

running to the margin of the wing, 7. e. twelve; of these, however,

that (y) which represents the lower discoidal of Mr. Edw. Doubleday

is united into a fork with the third branch of the median vein as in

O. Saundersii. The fore tibia has a long flattened appendage

slightly notched at the base, arising near its base.

Oixrticus MacLear. (Plate XXXIV. fig. 3.)

Of the male of O. MacLeaii, L. G., there is also a typical spe-

cimen in the cabinet of the British Museum.

In the fore wings of this species there are only ten terminal

branches, the third branch of the subcostal and the upper discoidal

being obsolete, and the lower discoidal (y) arises conjointly with the

third branch of the median from the lower extremity of the discoidal

cell. The fore legs are long and slender, with the fore tibiee simple.

By the kindness of W. W. Saunders, Esq., I am also enabled to

exhibit, describe, and figure several new species of these insects

recently brought from New South Wales by Mr. W. Stephenson.

The cases of several of the Australian species of these insects are

figured by Mrs. Meredith in her ‘ Notes and Sketches of New South

Wales,’ and noticed in the foliowing terms :—‘‘ Some of the insect

architects here are most extraordinary creatures; but I grieve to

say I know comparatively little about them, my chief acquaintance

being with their deserted houses, of which I have several kinds ; some

of these are formed of straight twigs, the sixth or eighth part of an

inch thick, and from two to four inches long, placed side by side in

a circular form and very strongly webbed together within, so that it

is impossible to tear them asunder without breaking the twigs, the

ends of which usually project beyond the closed portion of the cell,

which is suspended by a strong web woven over the spray of a tree

or shrub, so as to let it swing with the wind. I have sometimes seen

a large white caterpillar inside an unfinished cell, and on one or two

occasions have observed a bush or tree so full of these pendent berths

as to give them the appearance of a good crop of some fruit or seed.

How such a creature could cut off and carry to their destined place,

pieces of twig four or five times its own weight, I cannot imagine ;

that they were cut expressly for the purpose is evident, from the neat

manner in which the ends are rounded off; they are left of uneven

lengths and not webbed on the outside; which together with their

being hung so as to wave with the leaves of the tree, seem all pre-

cautions against discovery. Some are formed in the same manner

of much smaller twigs, others are pointed bags of strong web, with

small bits of stick fastened at intervals on the outside, and some are

223

formed of a webbed bag to which quantities of small dead leaves are

attached by one end only, so as to cover it entirely and flutter like a

withered bunch of leaves; but all are hung upon trees as much

resembling the nests in colour and aspect as possible. Those I have

opened are lined within with the smoothest white silken web, the

outer portion being brown or ash-coloured to correspond with the

tint of the twigs or leaves.’’

Mrs. Meredith gives five figures of these cases, two being cylindrical,

covered with thick bits of stick of various lengths, arranged close

together longitudinally round the case; a third is a large elongate

ovate bag with short bits of stick worked into it irregularly ; a fourth

is a cone of web covered with small dry leaves attached to it in great

numbers by the base of the leaf; and the fifth is a cone of web with

small twigs and grass straws attached to it and arranged longitu-

dinally. The first and second of these figures seem to represent the

cases of the same species, of which I do not know the perfect insects ;

the third is a small case of Oik. Saundersii ; the fourth appears to

be a small case of leaves similar to that figured in Plate XXXIV.

fig. 5, of which I am not acquainted with the perfect insects; and

the fifth may be a small case of Ock. Hiibneri.

Orxeticus Saunpersit, Westw. (Plate XXXV.)

Mas. Niger, capite dimidio antico, thoracis, pedibus anticis, inci-

suris apiceque abdominis fulvis, antennis brevibus nigris dimi-

diato-bipectinatis; alis fuliginosis, venis hyalinis, tarsis nigris.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2.

Fem. Cylindrica, luteo-albida vel faunicolor, capite segmentisque

tribus anticis supra nudis, glabris, reliquis sericeis opacis,

apicali tomento sericeo obscurius colorato omnino vestito ; pedi-

bus brevissimis, antennis obsoletis (oculo nudo haud detectis),

oviductu elongato.

Long. corp. unc. 14; latit. unc. 4.

Hab. In Nova Hollandia, prope Sydney. In Mus. W. W. Saun-

ders, British Museum, &c.

Syn. Oiketicus elongatus, W. W. Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc.

vol. v. (1847), p. 43.

Considering it advisable to maintain for these curious insects the

system of specific names commenced by the Rev. L. Guilding, I have

altered that proposed for the present species by its first describer, it

being moreover inappropriate as applicable to other species agreeing

with the present in structure. The antennz of the males of this

species consist of about forty joints, of which the first and second are

thickened, the second very short, the nineteen fellowing bipectinated,

and the eighteen or nineteen terminal ones only serrated, but of these

a few towards the base have the serratures furcate, indicating the bipec-

tination of the preceding joints. The fore wings are elongated and offer

several peculiarities in the arrangement of their veins. From the ac-

companying figure (Pl. XXXV. fig. 2) it will be seen that there are

twelve branches running to the margins of the wing (which is the

224

typical number in butterflies*), and that of these, two (2c and 2d) are

united into a fork near the tip of the wing, the base of which fork

extends backward to the upper exterior angle of the discoidal cell,

from which also a simple vein (2e) extends to below the extremity of

the wing ; below these is another simple branch (x) emitted from the

middle of the extremity of the discoidal cell, then two others (y and

3,,) united into a fork with two simple branches beneath (3,, and 3,,).

These letters indicate the analogies which I consider these various

branches to possess with those of the butterflies, and adopting the

nomenclature of Mr. Edward Doubleday, the fork (2¢ and 2d) must

represent the third and fourth branches and 2e the extremity of the

subcostal vein, x the upper discoidal, y the lower discoidal, and

3,, 3,, 33, the three branches of the median vein. Here however,

as in so many places elsewhere, we are met by the difficulty pre-

sented by the two discoidals; y in the species before us, forming

unquestionably (so far as function is concerned) a portion of the

system of the median vein. The more I investigate this subject,

the less do I feel convinced of the propriety of regarding these

two discoidals as having a distinct system of their own, feeling on

the other hand that the upper discoidal, x, belongs to that of the

subcostal, and the lower discoidal, y, as here, to that of the me-

dian vein. In this point of view, the figure which Zeller has just

published of the veins of the wings of Auxocrossa Hopfferi, from

Para (Linn. Entomol. ix. tab. 3. fig. 25), is a perfect type of the

system of the veins of the wings of Lepidopterous insects. Here

are, as usual, twelve terminal branches, the costal and submedian

simple, the postcostal with five simple branches and its own terminal

portion, and the median with four simple branches, the two composite

systems being quite separate from each other, there being no trans-

verse veinlet to close the discoidal cell, which is consequently open

as in many butterfliest; but in these latter we are met by the diffi-

culty that the fourth or anterior branch of the median (or the lower

discoidal of E. Doubleday, y) is pushed forward and becomes, toge-

ther with the upper discoidal, v, portion of the system of the sub-

costal vein. We may cut this knot either by supposing that these

two contiguous branches belong to either one or other system (which

accords with the views of Lefebvre), or by considering that sometimes

one or other of these systems occasionally throws out another branch,

the other system in such case being deficient in a branch, which is

scarcely maintainable, seeing that out of the hundreds of Lepi-

* It is astonishing, with so many examples before him in which this typical

number is reproduced, that M. Alex. Lefebvre, in his imaginary type of a Lepidop-

terous fore wing (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. xi. pl. i.), should have given only eleven as

the typical number.

+ Parasia Carlinella (Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. pl. 4. fig. 6a) is another instance

of the separation of the two systems of veins: the subcostal, consisting of five

branches and a terminal portion; and the median of four branches, without any

discoidal veinlet, but the cell is imperfectly closed. Asychnia modestella (ibid.

pl. 8. fig. 1a) is another example of the separation of the two systems without

any discoidal veinlet, but here the median has only two and the subcostal only

four branches and a terminal portion.

225

doptera which I have examined, not one has possessed more than the

ordinary twelve terminal branches.

The under wings are small and very acute at the outer angle, but

have the anal portion considerably dilated into a rounded lobe. Here,

as in the fore wings, the branch y, which is the lower discoidal (or

rather the only discoidal of the hind wings) of E. Doubleday, is

united with 3,, the third branch of the median vein, into a fork,

thus transforming it into a portion of the median system.

The fore legs are rather long and slender, especially the tarsi; the

large femur and tibia are very densely hairy, and the latter is short

and furnished with a strong and long flat spine on its inside. The

two hind legs are very short and thick, with the tarsal joints very

short and the claws strong. This dissimilarity in the legs is a

remarkable and unnoticed character.

The female is a thick short vermiform creature with short tufts of

hair at the sides of the thoracic portion and terminal segments; the

head is distinctly furnished with eyes, and on each side below the

eyes with a very short and apparently exarticulated antenna; the six

legs are present, but very short and thick, and terminated by a single-

jointed short tarsus, with a pair of strong claws; it is this structure

of the legs which at once distinguishes this unwieldy female imago

from the larva; in this respect also the female differs from that of

Oiketicus Kirbii, which has only the very slightest rudiments of

antennee and unarticulated legs.

On the 30th August Mr. Stephenson first observed a yellowish-

white substance protruding at the lower end of the largest cases,

which upon close examination proved to be a portion of the females

in the imago state, with one-third of thar bodies exposed ; about

an hour afterwards, examining the cases again, he found the females

had receded, and on opening a case, the female moth became evident

within, and thus they emerge and recede as occasion may require.

The female is a large apterous moth with very little of the ordinary

appearance of an insect of the moth kind; its colour is yellowish-

white, fawn or buff.

On the 5th September Mr. Stephenson examined some of the

females, no males having yet appeared. Two or three were dead:

one nearly so, having deposited a great number of ova within the

pupa-cases, which were enveloped in a short silky material. When

the female has deposited all her ova, she is literally nothing but thin

skin, which soon desiccates, leaving room for the young larvee to

pass. Mr. Stephenson states that on the 20th September a male

imago appeared ; it had been in active operation a good while, as

evinced by its wings being much broken at the tips and otherwise

much abraded. It has the extraordinary power of extending the

abdomen to two inches in length, and of turning and twisting it in

all directions. When in this state it has alternate rings of black

and yellow, with a curious appendage at the extremity. The male

appears very eager to accomplish the grand object of nature,

namely the continuation of its species, as its existence appears

to be of short duration. The large fat or rather distended females

No. CCLXXIV.—Procerpinés or tur Zoouocican Socrery.

226

have not room to turn their bodies so as to present the generative

organs conveniently to the male, consequently the immense develop-

ment of the abdomen in the males is of the greatest importance ; but

it appears very extraordinary that the head of the female should be

inverted, when it is known that she never emerges from the case,

unless by accidentally falling therefrom, which position obliges the

male, when in the act of coition, to stretch his abdomen all along the

side of the female full 12 inch. This peculiarity appears to be the

design of the All-wise Creator in order to afford a secure shelter

for the defenceless larvee, viz. the pupa-case of their parent, from

which they emerge after the disappearance of their mother’s body,

and immediately form for themselves silken cases, covered with small

pieces of anything they can procure, arranged in every respect as in

the large ones.

The curious larva of this species with its case was first figured in a

little miscellaneous work on natural history published at the close of

the last century, entitled ‘The Naturalist’s Pocket Magazine,’ vol. i.

(1799) pl. 18, under the name of the Porcupine Caterpillar of New

South Wales, without however its transformations having been ob-

served. In the accompanying account of its habits, drawn up by an

observer at Port Jackson, it is stated, that when any accident happens

to its case, the Caterpillar repairs with incredible expedition what-

ever damage may have been received, so that in a very few hours it

fills up a large hole with the same silky substance, and this

with an exactness so perfect, that the nicest eye cannot discern what

was the extent of the injury. The bottom of the case resembles the

finest fleecy hosiery, and it is of a sort of grey, ash, or mouse colour,

and has the silky softness of a mole’s skim. The three segments

following the head of the caterpillar are of a fine yellow colour, beau-

tifully marked with black or dusky oblong spots: the eight following

segments are of a dirtyish pale yellow colour, but the upper part of

the terminal segment has the appearance of being covered with a

large scale, though it is, in fact, only a substance of the same beau-

tiful spotted yellow as the head and first three segments.

The full-grown larva of the female is represented in Plate XXXV.

fig. 12. The head is comparatively small and nearly horizontal, the

anterior margin of the head rounded, the clypeus forming a distinct

but continuous piece, behind which is a small triangular portion

bearing two minute tubercles near the middle of the face, the

upper side of the head is uniform fulvous-buff coloured, the labrum

is deflexed and deeply notched in the middle, the mandibles are strong

and black ; on either side of the head beneath is a black patch, at

the anterior margin of which is placed the small group of ocelli on

either side, and between them and the base of the mandibles are the

antennze, which in the dried specimens appear to consist of a very

short annuliform basal joint, within the membranous apex of which

are sunk the terminal joints, of which only the minute apex of the

apical one is visible. The thoracic segments gradually imcrease in

width and thickness, as do also the three pairs of thoracic legs, of

which the cox are soldered together and dilated into a broad horny

227

plate, giving great support to the articulated portion of the legs*.

The thoracic segments are of a rich fulvous colour, each with four

longitudinal black streaks, the two hinder ones, as well as the abdo-

minal segments, also with small distinct raised lateral fulvous pieces

upon the dark ground ; the first, fourth, and seven following segments

respectively bear a pair of spiraclest.

The larvee of the males are not so strongly characterized as those

of the females, being nearly cylindrical, and the legs are less robust

and raptorial, although the hind coxz are developed into a conical

plate behind the hind pair of legs. The cases of the full-grown male

larvee are not more than two-thirds of the length of those of the

females. To one of the male cases I find the following note attached

by Mr. Stephenson :—“< Examined 12 June. White Caterpillar,

head and first segment striped with brown. Head downwards, or the

reverse way in which it feeds. Loose silk inside the case; ready to

change. Examined June 27th, changed to pupa. October Ist,

imago appeared.”

This case, with the empty pupa skin, remaining, as is the usual

custom with these insects, sticking out of the free extremity of the

case, is represented in Pl. XX XV. fig.6. It will be observed below

that Mr. Stephenson noticed that this species was occasionally infested

with Ichneumonideous parasites, as was also the case with Mr. L.

Guilding’s West Indian species; but in a specimen of the case of

this species brought home by Mr. Edwards, which I examined and

sketched twenty-five years since, I found the body of the larva

shrivelled up within the case, in which were about thirty small, elon-

gate, ovate, smooth, red-brown puparia of some parasitic species of

Tachinideous Muscide, dispersed amongst the silken lining of the

case, from all of which the flies had made their escape.

Like the pupz of the Hepialidee, the male pupz have the power

of stretching out the abdominal segments to a considerable extent, in

which position they remain after the imago has made its escape ;

they are endowed with this power to enable them to work their way

out of the extremity of their cases, in doing which they are moreover

assisted by the transverse series of minute hooks on the dorsal surface

of the abdominal portion of the body. These hooklets are of two

kinds, each of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th segments having a row

of fine recurved hooks or strong curved short bristles across their

hinder extremity, whilst the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th have a row

of stronger spines directed backwards across the base. The pup

are prevented from being forced entirely out of the cases by two

strong hooks at the extremity of the body on the underside of the

8th segment, which appears to be composed of the rudiments of two

* This peculiar strength of the legs, with their gradual increase in size, is well

represented in the Rev. L. Guilding’s figure of the larva of Oiketicus Kirbii (Linn.

Trans. xv. tab. 7, fig. 7), but he has not noticed the remarkable construction of

the coxz above described.

+ Isee nothing in this larva resembling the four spiracles represented by the

Rey. Guilding, above the ventral pro-legs of the larva of O. Kirbii (tab. cit.

fig. 7).

228

or three segments soldered together, having two pairs of small tuber-

cles beneath, in addition to the two anal hooks; it is in this manner

that the terminal abdominal segments of the larva become lost in the

imago. The view of the anterior part of the body of the male pupa

(fig. 8) well exhibits the broad cases of the antenne as well as those

of the thighs, z, and tibia and tarsus, 2, 2, of the fore leg, and those

of the 2nd leg, 2, w, 2, the short hind leg being concealed by the

wing-cases.

The following particulars relative to the economy of this species

are given from the notes of Mr. Stephenson by Mr. W. W. Saunders.

“The larvee are enclosed in a silken case, fortified on the outside with

pieces of stick of various lengths, generally about half an inch long

in the main part, but towards the lower end there are usually a few

from one to three inches in length, in the centre of which the lower

end of the silken case protrudes, free from the sticks, and which is

very flexible. Through this aperture the larva discharges its excre-

ment and exuvie. The upper or head extremity of the case is a

beautiful tissue of soft silk, forming a tube half an inch in width,

through which the larva emerges to feed and change its position.

It frequently comes out half its length, but most commonly only

protrudes its six true feet and the first four segments of the body.

It generally takes the precaution to attach a portion of the side of

the mouth of the tube to the branch upon which it is feeding, and

when anything touches it unexpectedly, it immediately and with great

celerity recedes into the case, drawing in the flexible part of the tube

after it, and contracting the aperture so as to exclude all enemies.

The larvee of the largest cases are about three inches in length and

half an inch in diameter. The abdominal and anal feet are mere

circles of small points or hooks with which it moves in the case, taking

hold of the beautiful silken lining, to which it can adhere with great

pertinacity. The cases are found suspended on various shrubs, such

as the different kinds of Leptospermum, Melaleuca, &c. at all seasons,

and are very conspicuous. Previous to changing into the pupa state,

the larva firmly fixes itself with silken fibres to some branch or

paling, drawing together and permanently closing the head opening.

It then reverses its position in the case, and envelopes itself in a

beautiful soft silken cocoon of a yellowish-white colour. On opening

a considerable number of cases I found the insect in various stages of

growth in June. The pupe of the largest cases are about 2 inches

in length and half an inch in diameter, and are of a dark chestnut

colour ; those of the smaller cases are darker, inclining to black, with

the abdomen much attenuated, and about one inch and a half in

length. The former are females, the latter males.”

Notwithstanding the extraordinary care bestowed upon the larvee

to protect them from enemies, Mr. Stephenson observed many ex-

amples of the depredations of a parasite, and an Ichneumon had

appeared in more than one instance.

Orxeticus Husneri, Westw. (Pl. XXXVI. fig. 1 and details.)

Mas. Totus niger dense hirtus, antennis solis flavis, 48-articulatis,

229

ad apicem bipectinatis ; alis subelongatis, hyalinis, venis luteis,

nigro setosis, posticis subrotundatis, costa areaque nigro dense

hirtis.

Expans. alar. unc. 13.

Larva obscura, capite segmentisque tribus anticis albidis, nigro

punctatissimis, carinis lateralibus carnosis, propedibus dorsoque

segmenti ultimi rufo-castaneis.

Habitaculum extus subcoriaceum, ramulis numerosissimis tenuibus

obsitum, his basi tantum adfixis apicibus liberis.

Pupa maris elongata, nigra, nitida, segmentis abdominalibus 2,

3, et 4 ante apicem apiceque 5ti serie transversali dorsali

spinularum curvatarum, recurvarum instructis, 6to inermi, 7mo

et 8vo ad basin serie transversa spinarum rigidarum postice

directa instructis; tribus ultimis subcoalitis, apicali hamulis

duobus minutis, recurvis terminato.

Pupa femine obesa, nigra, nitida, segmentis 4 anticis carinatis,

capite parvo, utringue ceratotheca brevi instructo, podothecis

minutis, segmentis abdominalibus inermibus, apicali hamulis

duobus minoribus recurvis terminato.

Hab. in Nova Hollandia (D. Stephenson). In Mus. W. W.

Saunders.

In addition to the materials received by Mr. Saunders, I am for-

tunately able to illustrate the history of this species by figures of the

larva and its details, drawn by me twenty-six years since, and which

have hitherto remained unpublished. In a case of this species, for-

merly in the collection of Mr. Edwards, I found a very well preserved

larva which supplied these figures. The larva itself is represented in

Pl. XXXVI. fig. 10; itagrees in general form with that of O. Saun-

dersii, but is at once distinguished by the great maculation of the head

and thoracic segments, which, as well as the legs, are pale buff dotted

with black; the longitudinal fleshy ridges at the sides of the body,

the pro-legs, and the upper side of the terminal segment, red-brown ;

the remainder of the body in the specimen examined had changed to

a blackish colour. Figure lp represents the front view of the head,

and fig. 1g the eyes and antenna of the left side, and the upper lip

and mandibles in situ. The head of this larva was towards the

slender free extremity of its case, showing that it had turned itself

therein in order to prepare for assuming the pupa state, and con-

sequently that it had arrived at its full size, and had then died. The

case also agreed in size with those brought from Australia by Mr. Ste-

phenson, from which the perfect insects had made their escape. There

is scarcely any difference in size between the cases of the male and

female larvee in this species. It will be observed that the case is

covered with a vast number of very slender twigs, and these appear,

from the different specimens brought home by Mr. Stephenson, to

have been cut from different kinds of trees; hence it is evident that

the species is not confined to a single tree ; it will be moreover seen

that these twigs are arranged somewhat systematically, the base of

those nearest the narrow extremity lying beneath those nearer the

wider aperture or mouth, which are thus perceived to have been

added subsequently, proving, in fact, that the case is increased gra-

230

dually in size in the direction of its mouth, where the head of the

larva emerges from the case; it is therefore easy enough for the

caterpillar to extend its nest in this direction whilst remaining within

it, just as a bricklayer builds the shaft of a manufactory chimney

from within, but the caterpillar must protrude a considerable portion

of its body in order to affix the twigs on the outside ; and in this part

of the business we also perceive an interesting piece of instinct, the

loose points of the twigs being always directed backwards, so that in

walking they oppose no resistance to the progress of the caterpillar,

which they would do were they affixed either in the opposite direc-

tion or without any order.

The pupa of the male agrees for the most part with that of Oike-

ticus Saundersti. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th segments are armed on

the back, along the hinder margin, with a transverse series of fine

recurved hooklets. The 6th segment is destitute of any hooks or

hooklets, and each of the 7th and 8th segments has a row of stronger

sharp teeth directed backwards at its base. The correspondence of

the abdominal segments of the pupa with those of the larva, is

proved by the appearance in the former of traces of the ventral

prolegs of the latter.

The pupa of the female is very robust and, of course, destitute of

wing-cases, but with slight traces of leg-cases, and also with two

elongated cases extending from each side of the head, of which it is

not easy to understand the object ; the thoracic segments are rather

strongly ridged, and the abdominal segments have lateral spiracles,

and are also provided on the underside with four pairs of deep im-

pressions, indicating the position of the ventral pro-legs of the larva

(a peculiarity which I have not elsewhere noticed in Lepidopterous

pupe); the body is terminated by two distinct hooks on the under-

side. In the opened case, represented in fig. 17, I found an empty

female pupa-case with the head lying towards the narrow apical

opening ; near the anal extremity of its body the shell of the pupa-

case had been burst through in several places, and behind it, lying

among the soft woolly lining of the case, were four pupa-cases of a

parasitic muscideous fly, of the subfamily Tachinides, which were

also empty, the flies having made their escape ; behind these, towards

the base of the case, lay the skin of the larva, shed on assuming the

chrysalis state.

The perfect male insect differs from O. Saundersii in its antenne,

which are bipectinated to the tip; they consist of forty-eight joints,

and the two thick basal ones as well as the terminal joint are simple.

The fore legs are slender, the tibia being destitute of the elongated

spur observed in O. Saundersii. The two hind legs are short and

thick, with very short robust tarsal joints and strong but simple

ungues. The fore wings of the male are much shorter than in O.

Saundersii, and they are traversed to the margins by only eleven

branches of the veins. From a careful comparison of this wing with

that of O. Saundersii (Pl. XXXV. fig. 2), it will be evident that the

wanting branch is the lower discoidal (y), or in other words, that

the two branches, 3, and y, of the fork in the middle of the apical

margin of the fore wings of O. Saundersii are coalesced into the 3rd

231

branch of the median, 3,, of O. Hiibneri, which also tends still more

fully to prove that the lower discoidal, theoretically speaking, forms

part of the system of the median vein. The costal area is furnished

near the base beneath with a strong hirsute lobe, through which the

long bristle or bridle at the base of the costa of the hind wings

passes. These latter wings agree with the fore ones in being desti-

tute of the upper branch of the fork, formed by the 3rd branch of

the median vein in O. Saundersii. In all the wings, moreover, the

discoidal cell is only traversed by a simple longitudinal veinlet,

whereas this is forked in the last-named species.

Orxeticus Lewin. (Pl. XXXVII. fig. 1 and details.)

Mas. Fuscus; capite antice, fasciis duabus longitudinalibus

thoracis, squamulisque ad basin alarum griseo-hirtis ; alis

fuliginosis, venis, presertim anticarum, fusco-hirtis, pene fulvo ;

antennis ad apicem bipectinatis.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 14.

Femina. Aptera, grossa, subalbida, obscura, segmentis thoracis

glabris, fulvis, carinatis, 1mo subcueullato ; antennis brevibus,

ewarticulatis, pedibus minimis, tuberculiformibus, (parte postica

corporis deterita).

Habitaculum elongatum, subcylindricum, extus ramulis fere habv-

taculi longitudine, longitudinaliter omnino affixis, obtectum.

Hab. in Australia (D. Stephenson). In Mus. D. W. W. Saunders.

The males of this species at once differ from those of the preceding

by the dark smoky colour of the wings, and the still darker colour of

their veins, as well as of the antennz, which are bipectinated to the

tip; they consist of thirty-nine joints, of which the two thickened

basal ones and the two at the apex are simple, the pectinations gra-

dually shortening to the thirty-seventh joint. The veining of the

wings nearly accords with that of O. Saundersii, although they are

of a shorter form, and the hind ones are not lobed at the anal angle.

The fore legs are long and slender, the tibiee furnished with an

elongated spur at the base, and the hind legs are much shorter and

thicker.

Figs. 1f & lg represent the anterior portion of a specimen indicated

as a ‘female which had deposited ova.”” The head is small, with two

projections at the anterior angles, which do not appear to be either

articulated at the base or along their length ; on either side is a small

dark spot representing the eyes ; the thoracic segments are very glossy

and produced into a sharp carina down the middle, the first segment

behind the head being almost cucullated. The legs are very minute,

rudimental, and apparently exarticulate.

The case is cylindric, with twigs of various sizes, but generally

nearly as long as the case, fastened throughout their whole length

on the outside; these are not arranged with so much regularity as

in the cases of some of the other species, and occasionally one of the

little twigs extends considerably beyond the extremity of the case,

as in figure le.

The pupa of the male is nearly black and glossy, the incisions of the

abdominal segments paler coloured; the head-case between the eyes

232

is produced into a conical point, and the second abdominal segment

(which extends to the extremity of the wing-cases), as well as the

third, fourth and fifth, are furnished on the back with a transverse

series of recurved hooklets close to the hind margin. Those on the

fourth segment are finer than those on the preceding ; moreover the

fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth segments are armed on the

back with a series of spines at the base of each, directed backwards,

those of the fourth segment being the most slender.

Orketicus Boispuvatu. (Pl. XXXVII. fig. 2 and details.)

Mas. Omnino fulvo-hirtus, pedum anteriorum basi antennisque

Juscis, alis pallide luteo-fuscis, costa anticarum ad basin obscu-

riori.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1}.

Habitaculum elongatum, sensim attenuatum, extus ramulis brevis-

simis, numerosissimis, omnino affixis obtectum.

fab. im Australia (D. Stephenson). In Mus. D. W. W. Saunders.

Exclusive of the peculiar colour of the males, this sex is remarkable

for the shortness of the wings, which gives the insect somewhat the

appearance of the lackey moth (Clistocampa Neustria). The antennze

consist of about forty joints, and they are bipectinated to the tip.

The veining of the wings agrees almost precisely with that of O.

Saundersii. The fore legs have the tibiee furnished with the elongated

spur at the base.

From a few fragments of the exuvise of the larva of the male in

one of the cases, it is evident that the head and thoracic segments

were maculated with yellow and black, but the pieces are so much

injured that I cannot arrange them into segments.

The pupa of the male is of a light chestnut colour, with the wing-

cases darker ; thehead-case is carinated above, and the dorsal portion of

the abdominal segments is strongly striated or wrinkled transversely.

The second and third segments are rugose at the base on the back,

the fourth and four following are armed with a row of spines at the

base, gradually becoming stronger on the hinder segments; the

third, fourth and fifth have a transverse row of recurved hooklets

on the hind part of the back of each. The fourth, fifth, and sixth

beneath exhibit the appearance of a pair of pro-legs.

The female pupa is of a black colour, chestnut beneath and at the

edges of the segments ; it is elongate-ovate, the first segment behind

the head slightly carinated ; the abdominal segments are finely striated

transversely, the base of each being rather rugose, and the extremity

of the sixth and three following segments have a row of very fine

recurved hooklets. The extremity of the body beneath is destitute

of the two horny points observed in the pupa of the male.

Orxeticus Herricuu. (Pl. XXXVII. fig. 3 and details.)

Mas. Miger, dense hirtus, capite colloque griseo-albidis ; antennis

obscure fuscis, ad apicem bipectinatis; alis hyalinis, venis pallide

JSusco-luteis, costa areaque anali omnium dense nigro-hirtis, pene

aurantio.

Expans. alar. antic. unc, 11,

233

Habitaculum ovale, coriaceum, extus ramulis nullis obtectum, ca-

rinis autem sex longitudinalibus elevatis ; basi et apice tenuibus

haud carinatis.

Hab. in Australia (D. Stephenson). In Mus. D. W. W. Saunders.

The male of this species agrees with that of O. Hiibneri in the

beautiful hyaline texture of the wings, almost destitute of scales or

hairs (except along the costa and anal area, which are black), but the

black antennz, as well as the remarkable structure of the case of the

larva, at once remove it from that species, with which it moreover

almost precisely agrees in the veining of the wings, except along the

costal portion of the hind ones, in which the veins are more irregular.

The antenne consist of about forty-two joints, which are bipec-

tinated, except the two at the base and the apical one. The anterior

tibiee are not furnished with the elongated spur at the base (a cha-

racter which also occurs in O. Hiibneri), the hind pair of legs are

short and proportionately thicker than the fore ones.

The curious construction of the leather-like case, destitute of twigs

or leaves on the outside, will not fail to attract notice: its formation

must exhibit a curious modification of instinct.

The second and three following abdominal segments of the male

pupa have the hinder margin furnished on the back with a row of

fine short recurved bristles, and the sixth, seventh and eighth seg-

ments have a strong row of spines at the base of each, across the back ;

the third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments moreover have a pair of

large oval impressions on each on the under side, representing the

pro-legs.

In addition to the preceding Australian species of this curious

group, I have figured the cases of three other species from New

Holland, of which the perfect insects have not hitherto been observed.

Two of these were brought home by Mr. Stephenson, and are in

the collection of Mr. Saunders, whilst the third is in my own

collection.

The first of these cases (Pl. XXXIV. fig. 5) is of considerable size

and covered externally with large pieces of leaves cut somewhat irre-

gularly, but mostly of an oblong form, attached by one end only, the

remainder being free. Within this case I found some fragments of

the cast skin of the larva, the head being strongly maculated with

black spots more or less confluent ; six of these are arranged in pairs

upon the triangular space above the labrum. The thoracic segments

were much less strongly spotted. The case also contained a female

pupa of an elongate-ovate form, much larger than that of O. Hiibneri,

having the dorsal surface of the thoracic segments keeled, and that

of the middle segments of the body but slightly wrinkled, and the

hinder ones smooth. It is of a chestnut colour, the hind part of the

abdominal segments with a ring of black. The third and three

following segments of the abdomen with a row of very fine recurved

hooklets at the extremity of the upper surface, the sixth and seventh

rather rugose at the base, and the eighth with a row of small spines

at the base.

234

Pl. XXXIV. fig. 6 represents another case, armed beneath with

very short thin twigs stuck on transversely, above which are narrow

pieces of flattened lanceolated leaves ribbed down the centre, varying

considerably in length, mixed near the apical end with bits of stick.

In the only specimen of this case brought home by Mr. Stephenson,

I found only some very slight remains of the cast skin of the larva,

whence I infer it was a male case, and that the insect having under-

gone its transformations, the empty shell of the pupa had been blown

out of the extremity of the case before it was found.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 7 is a case in my own collection, coated with

great numbers of short bits of thin twigs entirely fixed in a ¢ransverse

position, thus differing from all the other species described in this

paper. It had been inhabited by a female larva which had commenced

its transformation to the pupa state, the skin of the larva being slit

and partially cast off, the upper hind part of the body of the female

pupa being quite disengaged, but it had not power sufficient to throw

off the head-case of the larva, which still remained entire, covering

the head of the pupa. The head and thoracic segments of the larva

were luteous, very much spotted with black.

The four following species are natives of Ceylon, and have been

communicated to me by R. Templeton, Esq., by whom two of them

were described and figured in the Transactions of the Entomological

Society, vol. v. pl. 5.

Orxeticus TemMPLETONII, Westw. (Plate XXXVI. fig. 2 and

details.) (O.tertius, Templeton, Trans. Ent. Soc. v. pl. 5, fig. 1-4.)

The name proposed for this species by Mr. Templeton being in-

correct as well as inappropriate, I propose to apply to the present

species a name more in harmony with those of the remainder of the

geuus. The species is well distinguished by its long body and narrow

pointed fore wings, which have a large patch at the extremity of

the discoidal cell, and a cloud between its extremity and the apex

of the wing, of black, and the antennz are only semipectinated,

thus resembling O. Kirbii and Saundersii. The male has the normal

number of marginal branches (12), but the lower division (2e [5]) of

the subcostal vein branches off at some distance from the extremity of

the cell; and the lower discoidal (y) forms the upper part of a fork

with the third branch (3,3) of the median vein. The discoidal cell, in

all the wings, is traversed by a furcated veinlet. The antennze consist

of forty joints, of which the third to the twenty-fourth are bipec-

tinated, twenty-fifth to twenty-seventh biserrated, and the remainder

strongly uniserrated. The fore legs are long, with a strong sharp

spur arising from the base of the tibia.

The male pupa is dark chestnut-coloured, with the abdominal seg-

ments strongly wrinkled transversely ; the extremity of the body, in

addition to the two terminal hooks, is furnished beneath with two

prominent obtuse tubercles ; the only row of recurved hooklets which

it possesses is situated across the extremity of the third abdominal

235

segment, the fourth to the eighth segments having a row of spines at

the base of each.

The Entomological Society of London have received specimens of

this species with the larva-case, from Hong Kong, presented by J.C.

Bowring, Esq. A careful comparison of the Chinese individuals

with Mr. Templeton’s typical specimen, leaves no doubt as to this

remarkable geographical range of a species of this group.

OrkeTicus consortus, Templeton. (Pl. XXXVI. fig. 3,1-4,

details.)

This species was also described by Mr. Templeton in the ‘Trans-

actions of the Entomological Society,’ vol. v. pl. 5. fig. 5-7, with-

out any details being given. ‘The species is at once distinguished

from O. Templetonii by its broader and more obtuse wings, its an-

tennee bipectinated to the tip, thus more nearly resembling O.

MacLeaii. The antennz are thirty-seven-jointed, the third to the

thirty-sixth joints bipectinated, the pectinations being longer and

more slender than usual. The fore-legs are slender, the tibia with

the long spur (finely setose on the outer edge) arising from its base.

The hind femur is rather thicker and slightly shorter than the fore

one; the hind tibia about as thick as, but shorter than, the fore one,

and the hind tarsus is as long as the three terminal joints of the fore

tarsus. The veins of the fore-wings are arranged nearly as in O.

Templetonti, except that the terminal branch of the subcostal vein

(2 e) arises close beyond the discoidal cell. In the hind wings the

third branch of the median vein is furcate.

In the larva-cases figured by Mr. Templeton the outer surface is

naked, but in another case received from him, a few particles of twigs

and bits of leaves were fastened on the outside, as represented in

fig. 3,4. In this case I found the cast skin of the larva, showing the

head and thoracic segments to have been of a pale yellow colour very

much dotted with black, there being a transverse row of black spots

in front of the prothoracie segment. The pupa of the male has the

second and third segments unfurnished with hooklets, the fourth with

a row of very fine recurved setz across the posterior margin, and the

fifth with a row of recurved hooklets. The sixth segment is unarmed,

and the seventh and eighth have a strong row of spines at the base ;

the abdominal segments being strongly wrinkled transversely, and the

anal segment much incurved, with two strong hooks.

Orxeticus Dovsiepau, Westw. (Pl. XXXIV. fig. 4 and

details.)

Mas. Piceus, griseo-hirtus, antennis fuscis, pedibus obscure luteis,

alis hyalinis, latis, abdomine brevi, gracili, dense hirsuto.

Expans. alar. antic. une. 2.

Habitaculum larve cylindricum, ramulis longitudine variis, paral-

lelis, afixvis. Pupa maris gracilis, castanea, segmentis abdomi-

nalibus 4-8 ad basin serie spinarum instructis.

Hab. in Ceylon (D. Templeton).

This very distinct species may at once be known by the large

236

hyaline colourless wings of the males (with which sex alone I am

acquainted) ; the body is pitchy, densely clothed with dark grey hairs;

the antennz are brown and only twenty-five-jointed, strongly bipec-

tinated, the pectinations long and slender, extending to about the

eighteenth joint, the two or three following joints slightly bipectinated,

and the remainder biserrated, but gradually becoming almost simple.

The lower part of the face is furnished with a transverse raised ridge,

beneath which are two black impressed dots apparently indicating the

position of the palpi. The legs are slender, the tibie and tarsi dirty

luteous, the fore tibize are furnished with along spur arising from the

base. The hind pair of legs are shorter and thicker than the fore ones.

The wings are large, the hind ones extending nearly to the extremity of

the abdomen ; the anterior have the normal number of branches run-

ning to the margin of the wings, but the discoidal cell is extended so

far beyond the middle of the wing, that the branches are necessarily

much shortened. The discoidal cell is traversed by one well-marked

and one incomplete vein. In the hind wings the third branch of the

median vein is simple.

The male pupa is slender and light chestnut-coloured ; the antennee-

cases extend as far as the extremity of the cases of the second pair of

legs ; the third, fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen have a row

of fine recurved setze across the hind margin of the dorsal portion of

each, and the fourth to the eighth segments have a row of spines

across the base of each, those on the fourth segment being the

smallest, and those on the eighth the largest, this last having only a

semicoronet of about seven or eight spines; the base of the segments

is rugose, but scarcely transversely wrinkled, and the two hooks at

the extremity of the body are large.

Orketicus CrameRi, Westw. (Plate XXXVII. fig. 4 and

details. )

Mas. Fuscus ; alis brunneo-fuscis, posticis obscurioribus, disco an-

ticarum brunneo, venis nigro-hirtis, striola subapicale, maculis

duabus marginalibus nubilaque pone medium alarum griseo-

albis ; antennis usque ad apicem bipectinatis.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1.

Habitaculum larve cylindricum, extus ramulis longitudine equa-

libus et parallelis arcte applicatis, obtectum.

Pupa maris obscure castanea, segmentis abdominalibus opacis,

valde transverso-sulcatis.

Hab. in Ceylon (D. Templeton).

This species differs from all the preceding in the more varied mark-

ings of the fore wings, which are moderately elongated and have the

normal number of branches extending to the margin, the lower dis-

coidal (y) forming the upper division of a fork with the third branch

of the median. In the hind wings the third branch of the median is

accompanied by a distinct discoidal vein arising separately from the ex-

tremity of the discoidal cell. The antennz are moderately bipectinated

and thirty-eight-jointed, the pectinations extending to the extremity,

the terminal joint alone being simple. The fore legs are slender and

237

considerably longer than the hind ones, with a long spur arising near

the base of the tibia.

From specimens contained in the Cabinet of the British Museum,

I infer that this is the species of which Mr. Templeton figured the

case in the ‘Transactions of the Entomological Society,’ copied in

Pl. XXXVII. fig. 4d.

The male pupa is dark chestnut-coloured, with the abdominal seg-

ments not at all glossy like the fore part of the body, but very

strongly sulcated transversely, except about one-third of the posterior

part of each, which is smooth and paler coloured. The 2nd to the

5th segments have a row of recurved setze across the hind margin of

each, scarcely visible in the second and third segments, and the fifth

to the eighth segments have a row of strong spines. The two anal

hooks are strong.

The female of this species has not hitherto been observed.

In addition to the preceding species from Australia, Ceylon, and the

West Indies, I am able to indicate the existence of the genus in the

East Indies, although not in so precisea manneras I could have desired.

In Forbes’s ‘Memoirs on the East Indies,’ pl. 22, there is the

representation of the larva of one of these insects, described as the

“‘ Fagoot Caterpillar, with its nest on the variegated Acacia or Bam-

bal tree in Guzerat.” The case is cylindrical, with a number of twigs

about the length of the case placed close together side by side, nearly

asin Pl. XXXVII. fig. 4d; the caterpillar is also represented partly

protruded out of the mouth of the case, with the head and thoracic

segments pale coloured with dark brown spots. The perfect insect

does not appear to have been observed; but in a collection of draw-

ings of Indian insects, made by Lady Gilbert, and placed in my

hands by her ladyship, I find two distinct species of these insects ;

one of these has a case as large as, but shorter than, that of O.

Saundersii, externally covered with long pieces of twigs laid closely

together, which was found on the 10th of August on a branch of

the Asseen tree. Round the entrance or upper part was an elastic

web which the enclosed caterpillar had the power of contracting or

lengthening ; the former it always did when alarmed. It would then

fix the extremity of the web to the twig and hang from it, as if

nothing possessing life was within the case; when in search of food

it only puts forth the head and fore feet, notwithstanding which it

moved very nimbly, house and all, along the branches. After

spinning itself up to undergo its transformations, it was accidentally

destroyed.

The other species observed by Lady Gilbert was also found on the

10th of August. The cases are similar to that last above described, but

much smaller, about 14 inch in length, the twigs rather converging

at the free extremity of the case. They were found on the palm tree,

and fixed their cases to the frame in which they were enclosed, at the

beginning of October, to undergo their transformations, appearing in

the perfect state at the end of the following April, the male being

small, with dark brown wings and antenne bipectinated to the tips.

238

A number of specimens, apparently of this species, were lately

sold by auction by Mr. Stevens in London, and I regret that I was

not able to obtain a specimen for description. Major-General Hear-

sey also collected some of the cases of this species in Central India,

without, however, obtaining the perfect insect ; from these I find

that the attenuated extremity of the cases arises from the fact of the

larva employing the strong spines of the tree upon which it feeds for

the defence of its case, the points being always directed backwards.

The minute analysis made in the foregoing pages, and the accom-

panying plates of twelve species of these case-bearing Moths, enables

us to form an opinion as to the composition and affinities of the

group in question, respecting which much diversity of opinion has

prevailed. With the exception of the characters derived from the

case-bearing habits of the larvee, the wingless and unwieldy state of

the female, and the more or less strongly pectinated antennze of the

males, we find no homogeneousness in the perfect state of the insects ;

indeed we could scarcely select three moths more unlike each other

than O. Saundersii, Boisduvalii, and Doubledaii, and almost every

modern lepidopterist would at once pronounce such variations of form

to belong to as many different genera. The general shape of the body

has been seen to vary from a greatly elongated to a short, robust, as

well as to a short and slender form. The wings in like manner vary

from the long pointed form to the very short broad proportions of

O. Boisduvalii. They vary also in being either densely squamose or

completely hyaline. Their veins also offer considerable variation

both in situation and in the number of their branches, although we

may affirm that the narrowness of the base of the discoidal cell, and

its completely closed state by a vein which is always angulated in the

middle, the apex of the angle being towards the hase of the wing,

and the cell itself traversed by one or two slender veinlets, often united

together into a fork, appear constant characters of the group. The

antennze also vary in being only semipectinated, like those of the

Zeuzerze, whilst in others they are completely bipectinated to the tip ;

the number of joints also varies from twenty-five to upwards of forty ;

and lastly, the slenderness of the fore legs and the short robust form

of the hind ones appear to be a good character of the group; but

this portion of the body offers a striking variation, in consequence of

the fore tibiee being furnished with a long spine arising from its base,

of which some of the species are destitute. The nature of the larva-

case even offers striking variations, since in O. Templetonii and

Herrichii it is destitute of any extraneous matters fixed on its outside.

The females also, in the few species in which they have been observed,

are found to vary in the amount of development of their antennz

and legs, these organs being almost obsolete in O. Kirdbii, whilst in

O. Saundersii the legs are well articulated.

If, with the view of establishing sectional groups, we take the

semipectinated character of the antennze as a primary distinction, we

find, that although the males of O. Kirbzi and O. Saundersii agree

well enough together, in general form, length and narrowness of the

239

wings, antenne, and spurred fore tibiee, the females differ in the amount

of development of their legs; whilst the species with entirely pec-

tinated antennee offer still more numerous variations. If, again, we

select the want of the spine of the fore tibize as a primary distinction,

we find O. Herrichii, Hitbneri, and MacLeaii, varying greatly in

the form of the males, in the larva-cases, and the veiming of the

wings, although the latter have always_a deficiency in the number of

the branches of the veins of the fore-wings.

Bearing the foregoing observations in mind, the following distri-

bution of the twelve species before us must be considered as an arti-

ficial or technical one :—

A. Antenne of the males semipectinated, body and wings greatly

elongated.

a. Cases of the larva with twigs on the outside.

* Females with articulated legs. Sp. 1. O. Saundersii.

** Females with exarticulated tubercles in the place of the

legs. Sp. 2. O. Kirbii.

aa. Case of the larva naked. Sp. 3. O. Templetonii.

B. Antenne of the males bipectinated to the tip, body and wings

short or of moderate length.

a. Fore tibiz of the males without an elongated spur.

* Wings short, rounded, fore wings with only ten branches

extending to the margins. Sp. 4. O. MacLeaii.

** Fore wings elongate, triangular, with 11 branches ex-

tending to the margins.

t Case of larva densely covered with thin twigs. Sp. 5.

O. Hiibneri.

tt Case of larva naked, ribbed. Sp. 6. O. Herrichii.

aa. Fore tibize of the males with a long spur.

* Fore wings with twelve branches extending to the margins.

¢ Third branch of the median vein of the hind wings ac-

companied by an extra branch.

¢ Body robust, wings short, subtruncate. Sp. 7. O.

Boisduvalii.

t{ Body rather slender, wings more triangular. Sp. 8.

O. Cramerii. Sp. 9. O. Lewinii. Sp. 10. O.

consortus.

++ Third branch of the median vein of the hind wings

unaccompanied by an extra branch. Sp. 11. O.

Doubledaii.

** Fore wings with only eleven branches, extending to the

margins of the wing, the third branch of the median

vein not united with the preceding branch into a fork.

Sp. 12. O. nigricans.

The relationship of these insects with the families of Lepidoptera *,

involving their natural situation in the order, is one which would

* The idea that Psyche is Trichopterous, and not Lepidopterous, does not

merit refutation.

240

require amuch more extended investigation than can be devoted to it

on the present occasion. Their intimate allies are of course the

Sacktrigers of German entomologists, or the genus Psyche, some spe-

cies of which cannot be generically separated from O. nigricans. The

opinions of recent lepidopterists, as to the family to which they

belong, have oscillated between the Bombycide and Tineide. The

latter relationship is maintained by M. Bruand, in his elaborate mo-

nograph ‘Sur la Tribu des Psychides,’ published in the ‘Comptes

rendus de la Société libre d’ Emulation du Doubs. But nothing can

be more inconclusive thau the arguments by which this opinion is sup-

ported ; since, because M. Bruand adds to his “ tribu’’ other insects

which are ‘tellement voisines des Tindites que I’on ne peut les éloigner

de ce dernier genre,” and insists at the same time that “tous les

Psychides doivent ne former qu’un seul groupe,”’ he at once (without

attempting any philosophical analysis either of the minute characters

of his Psychides, or of those of the great families Bombycide and

Tineidz) arrives at the conclusion that ‘on ne doit plus hésiter 4

les placer dans les Tiné¢ides.”’

Now the elaborate details given by Mr. Curtis in his ‘British

Entomology,’ and especially by Mr. Stainton in his volume of the

‘Insecta Britannica,’ enable us to institute something like an effectual

comparison between the relative characters of these two families, and to

contrast them with those of the Ocketici illustrated in the present paper.

The size and general appearance of these Oiketici at once bring

them into comparison with certain Bombycidz (sensu latiori). The

rudimental mouth is another character in common with the latter,

whereas in the Tineidee the palpi and spiral tongue are generally

well developed. In the antenne they also agree with the Bombycidee,

in which deep bipectination is the general character, whereas it is an

exceptional character amongst the Tineide. In the Bombycide, the

fore legs are often the longest and the hind ones the shortest, whereas

it is generally contrary with the Tineidee, in which the hind tibiz

are also strongly armed with two pairs of spurs. The long spine of

the fore tibiz appears also to be much more common among the

Bombyces than in the Tinez, whilst we also find the veins of the

wings of Oiketicus arranged on a different plan from those of the

Tineidze; in these latter, the discoidal cell when closed is either

rounded or truncate (obliquely or transversely) at its extremity,

whereas in the Oiketici we have seen its termination angulated, the apex

of the angle pointing towards the base of the wings. In the Tineidee

we also find it almost a constant character, that where one of the

branches of the subcostal vein is forked, it is the fourth and fifth

branches which form the fork, whereas in the Oiketici it is always

the third and fourth, Nemophora (Staint. pl. 2. fig. 5) being the only

exception throughout the whole of the Tineideous genera, and in this

genus, as in a great many of the others, the discoidal cell of the fore

wings is furnished with a cell at its anterior extremity, formed by the

base of the sixth longitudinal branch, which runs to the margin of

the wing (7. e. the fifth branch of the subcostal vein), extended

backwards, and joining the subcostal vein between its first and

Proc.74.5 .Anmulosa . XXX,

241

second branches. Lampronia and Incurvaria (Staint. pl. 2. figs.

1 & 3) are excellent examples of this arrangement. This character

does not occur in the Oiketici, the veins of which, on the other hand,

are more analogous to some of the Bombycidve, such as Limacodes.

These considerations are, I think, sufficient to disprove the relation

of Otketicus and Psyche with the Tinee, and to establish their

position among the Bombyces.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

PLaTE XXXIV.

Oiketicus nigricans. (Great Britain.)

Fig. 1. Female magnified, seen sideways, drawn from living specimen.

Fig. 1a. Head and anterior segments of the body, seen from beneath, showing the

rudimental eyes, antenne, and legs.

Fig. 1b. The same, seen sideways.

Fig. 1c. The lower part of the face, showing the transverse membrane capable of

alternate dilatation, and the small exarticulate antenne.

Fig. 1d. The terminal segment of the body, showing the produced bilobed append-

age and the central terminal elongated joint.

Fig. le. The same seen from beneath, the bilobed appendage seen almost vertically.

Fig. 1f. The same, seen sideways.

Fig. lg. The case formed by the female larva.

Fig. 1h. The pupa case of the female; slit behind the head for the exit of the insect.

Fig. 1i. Fore wing of the male:—1, costal vein; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, branches of

the subcostal; (a, upper discoidal, wanting) y, lower discoidal; 31, 32,

33, the branches of the median vein; 4, submedian vein. The same let-

tering is used throughout the wings represented in this and the three

following plates (except that the branches of the subcostal have occasion-

ally been numbered 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), occasionally one of them is wanting,

or the lower discoidal is wanting, instead of the upper; in these cases the

place of the wanting branch is indicated by a < and the indicatorial letter

in the place which it ought normally to occupy.

Details of Oiketicus Kirbii, L, Guild. (West Indies.)

Fig. 2a. Antenna of the male.

Fig. 26. Fore leg of the male.

Fig. 2c, Fore wing of the male, with the normal number (12) of marginal branches.

Fig. 2d. Head of the male, seen in front.

Detail of Oiketicus MacLeaii, L. Guild. (West Indies.)

Fig. 3. Fore wing of the male, with only ten terminal branches.

Oiketicus Doubledaii, Westw. (Ceylon.)

Fig. 4. The male magnified.

Fig. 4a. Head of the male, seen from below, showing the transverse ridge and two

spots indicating the palpi.

Fig. 4b. Fore wing of the male, with the normal number of marginal branches.

Fig. 4c. Hind wing of the male.

Fig. 4d. Fore leg, with spurred tibia, of the male.

Fig. 4e. Hind leg of the male.

Fig. 4f. Case of the male, with the empty puparium sticking out of its apical

extremity,

Oiketicus : , and . (Australia.)

Figs. 5, 6, & 7. Cases of three Australian species in the Collections of Mr. Saunders

and myself, of which the transformations have not yet been observed.

No. CCLXXV.—ProcrepinGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Fig.

Fig,

Fig.

242

PLATE XXXV.

Oiketicus Saundersii, Westw. (elongatus, Saund.) Australia.

1. The male, of the natural size.

2. Fore wing of the male, with the normal number of marginal branches.

3. Hind wing of the male.

4. Fore leg of the male, showing the tibial spur.

5. Hind leg of the male.

6. Case formed by the male larva, with the cast skin of the pupa sticking out

of its terminal extremity.

7. The pupa of the male, seen sideways.

. 8. Anterior part of the body of the pupa of the male, seen beneath, showing

the short broad antenna-cases (Ceratothece), the two anterior pairs of legs,

~*, anterior femur; **, anterior tibia; ***, the intermediate tibia and the

cases of the fore wings (Pterothece).

9. Female of the natural size, seen sideways.

. 10. Anterior part of the body of the female, seen from beneath, showing the

very minute exarticulate antennz and the three pairs of very short arti-

culated legs.

. 11. One of the legs of the female, showing the short exarticulate but bi-un-

guiculated tarsus.

. 12. The case formed by the female larva, which is represented crawling, of

the natural size in the upper part of the plate.

13. Hind pair of feet of the female larva, with greatly enlarged united coxe.

Pate XXXVI.

Oiketicus Hiibnerii, Westw. (Australia).

- The male, slightly magnified.

7 el Antenna of the male.

. 1b. Fore wing of the male, with only eleven marginal branches (the lower

discoidal, y, being obsolete).

. le. Hind wing of the male.

. 1d. Fore leg of the male.

. le. Hind tarsus of the male.

. If. Hind leg of the male.

. lg. Case formed by the male larva, with the puparium sticking partly out of

the apical extremity.

. 1h. The male pupa, of the natural size.

. li. Hind part of the male pupa, greatly magnified, showing part of the case of

the fore wings, the hind wing case attached to the short metathoracic

segment, the two short basal segments of the abdomen partly covered by

the wing cases, the four central segments of the abdomen, with indications

of the prolegs of the larva, the seventh segment of the full size, and the

terminal segments coalesced together.

1k. Portion of the row of shorter recurved hooklets at the hind margin of the

basal segments of the abdomen of the male pupa.

12. Portion of the rows of longer ditto.

1m. Portion of the rows of spines at the base of the terminal segments of the

abdomen.

In. Line indicating the natural expanse of the wings of the male.

lo. Larva full-grown but dried up, and consequently somewhat diminished

in size.

lp. Face of the larva.

ia Side of the head of the larva, showing the ocelli, antenna, upper lip, and

mandibles.

lr. Case formed by the female larva, opened, showing the exuvie of the larva,

the pupa of the female pierced near its anal extremity by its dipterous

parasites, the four oval puparia of which are seen lying within the case,

the interior of which is densely lined with fine white cotton wool.

Fig. 1s. The pupa of the female, seen sideways.

Fig.

1t. Anterior part of the body of the pupa of the female, seen from beneath.

Proc .Z.S. Anmulosa : XXXVI .

Proc. Z 1G Aelgea -YXXVIL.

243

Details of Oiketicus Templetonii, Westw. (tertius, Templet.) Ceylon.

Fig. 2,1. Fore wing of the male, with the normal number of marginal branches.

Fig. 2,2. Hind wing of the male.

Fig. 2,3. Fore leg of the male.

Fig. 2,4. Anal extremity of the body of the pupa of the male.

Details of Oiketicus consortus, Templet. (Ceylon.)

Fig. 3,1. Fore wing of the male, with the normal number of marginal branches.

Fig. 3,2. Hind wing of the male.

Fig. 3,3. Fore leg of the male.

Fig. 4.4. Case formed by the male larva, with the empty pupa case partly sticking

out of the apical extremity.

PLATE XXXVII.

Oiketicus Lewinii, Westw. (Australia.)

Fig. 1. Male, slightly magnified.

Fig. la. Fore leg of the male, with long tibial spur.

Fig. 1b. Hind leg of the male.

Fig. 1c. Fore wing of the male, with the normal number of marginal branches.

Fig. 1d. Hind wing of the male.

Fig. le. Case formed by the male larva, with the empty pupa case partly sticking

out of the apical extremity.

Fig. lf. Anterior portion of the body of the female, highly magnified and seen from

beneath, showing the rudimental antenne and legs. ,

Fig. 1g. The same, seen sideways, showing the subcucullated prothoracic segment.

Oiketicus Boisduvalii, Westw. (Australia.)

Fig. 2. The male, slightly magnified.

Fig. 2a. Fore wing of the male, with the normal number of terminal branches.

Fig. 2b. Hind wing of the male,

Fig. 2c. Fore leg of the male,

Fig. 2d. Case formed by the male larva, with the empty pupa case of the male

partly sticking out of the apical aperture.

Fig. 2e. Pupa of female, ventral view.

Fig. 2f. The same, dorsal view.

Fig. 2g. The same, lateral view.

Oiketicus Herrichii, Westw. (Australia.)

Fig. 3. The male, slightly magnified.

Fig. 3a. Antenna of the male.

Fig. 3b. Fore leg of the male, destitute of the tibial spur.

Fig. 3c. Fore wing of the male, with only eleven marginal branches, the lower dis-

coidal (y) being obsolete,

Fig. 3d. Hind wing of the male.

Fig. 3e. Case formed by the male larva, with the empty pupa case partly sticking

out of the apical aperture.

Oiketicus Cramerii, Westw. (Ceylon.)

Fig. 4. The male, slightly magnified.

Fig. 4a. The fore wing of the male, with the normal number of marginal branches,

Fig. 4b. The hind wing.

Fig. 4c. Fore leg of the male, with the long tibial spur.

Fig. 4d. Case, figured by Mr. Templeton, and considered to be that of this species,

on the authority of specimens in the British Museum.

244

November 14, 1854.

John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. On THE Bones or THE Lec or Dinornis (PALAPTERYX)

STRUTHIOIDES AND THE PALAPTERYX GRACILIS.

By Pror. Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. erc.

In my memoir of 1843*, I described two femora of birds from

tertiary deposits in New Zealand, agreeing in size with that bone in

the Ostrich, and referred them to a species called Dinornis struthi-

oides ; one of these specimens however consisted only of the shaft ;

the other and more perfect specimen, figured in pl. 21. fig. 3, was

mutilated at both its extremities. I have since received, through

the kindness of the Rev. Mr. Colenso, M.A.+, and the Rev. William

Cotton, M.A., three entire specimens of femora, ranging between

11 and 12 inches in length, and the shaft of a fourth specimen, of

the same species, confirming very satisfactorily that species, and com-

pleting our knowledge of the anatomical characters of the bone.

The head is rather more than a hemisphere, more prominent than

in the Ostrich, and with a smaller proportion cut off, as it were, from

the upper and outer part, and roughened for the attachment of the

strong ‘ligamentum rotundum.’ From the upper part of the base

of the head, an almost flat, slightly concave surface ascends, expand-

ing, as it rises, to the broad semicircular ridge which crowns the great

trochanter. In the Ostrich that process does not rise beyond the

level of the head of the bone. In the Din. struthioides the upper

trochanterian platform is broader proportionally than in the Din.

casuarinust. The anterior surface of the trochanter is also extensive

through the continuation outwards of the great process: it is slightly

concave, sculptured by muscular impressions with intervening ridges,

and by a defined oval rough tract between the head and the base of

the trochanter. The outer convex expanded surface of the trochanter

is more strongly marked by the insertions of powerful tendons,

surrounding an irregular smooth tract near the centre of the surface.

The back part of the upper end of the femur in two of the specimens

presents two or three small holes leading into the superficial can-

eelli, by which it is possible a little air may have been admitted to

these cavities ; but this is a very feeble representation of the wide

orifice and canal at the same part of the Ostrich’s femur which con-

ducts directly to the large air cavity in the body of that bone.

The shaft of the entire femur of the Din. struthioides repeats the

characters described and figured in the memoir above cited. The

fore-part of the external condyle begins to rise from the level of the

* Zool. Trans. vol. iii. pp. 247, 249. pl. 21. fig. 3.

{ The specimen contributed by this gentleman is cited in the table of admea-

surements. Zool. Traus. vol. iii. p. 329.

$ lbid. pl. 46. fig. 2.

245

shaft, about one-third from the distal end of the bone, and bends

outwards, forwards and downwards, increasing in breadth and con-

vexity, and forming the outer boundary of the characteristic broad

rotular surface. The convex fore-part of the inner condyle forming

the inner boundary of that surface is shorter, and rises more abruptly.

The deep oval fossa, above the vertical broad groove for the fibula,

behind the outer condyle, is well marked. The orifice of the medul-

lary artery is at the middle of the back part of the shaft of the femur

in two of the specimens.

With regard to the metatarsus of the Dinornis struthioides, the

same satisfactory confirmation of the species has been received, as in

the case of the femur, by the addition of three specimens repeating

the characters of the original bone described at p. 240, and figured

in pl. 27. fig. 2. of my memoir of 1843. One of these specimens,

kindly sent to me by J. R. Gowen, Esq., F.G.S., Sec. H.S., was

discovered in the tertiary deposits at Waikawaite, Middle Island of

New Zealand, and has the two extremities more entire than in the

original specimen figured. The middle of the distal trochlea is im-

pressed by a shallow groove running its whole length, and becoming

more shallow as it approaches the contracted back part of the trochlea,

which terminates abruptly, projecting beyond the level of the back

part of the distal end of the bone.

A second of the additional specimens of the metatarsus of the

Din. struthioides was obtained by the Rev. Wm. Cotton, M.A., at

Tarawaite, in the North Island of New Zealand: a third specimen

was discovered by Governor Sir George Grey, in a cave in the district

which lies between the river Waikate and Mount Tongariro, in the

North Island.

From the same cave Sir George Grey likewise obtained and very

liberally transmitted to me, with a most valuable collection of other

bones of Dinornis and Palapteryx, an entire tibia agreeing with the

portion of shaft, which, from the dimensions given at vol. ii. p. 329,

I was induced to refer to the Dinornis struthioides, differing in its

size and proportions from all the tibiz previously described and

referred to other species, but presenting similar relations of size to

the femur and metatarsus of the Din.. struthioides, which the pre-

viously described tibize have presented to the other bones of the leg

of the respective species to which those tibize have been referred.

I conclude, therefore, that in the tibia transmitted with the meta-

tarsus of the Din. struthioides by Sir George Grey, I possess the

bone, which I have been so long desirous to obtain in order to com-

plete the leg of the Din. struthioides. Like the metatarsus above-

cited, it is from the left side, and they appear to have belonged to the

same individual bird.

in. lin.

Theilengthiofithis bone fis}: :4 248.90) .. oetee 22 0

The breadth of the proximal extremity ........ 5 6

The breadth of the distal extremity .......... 3 2

The circumference of the middle of the shaft .. 5 0

The fibular ridge extends down .............. 10 0

246

This ridge begins, as in the tibize of other species of Dinornis, be-

low the expanded end of the tibia near the middle of its back part,

inclining to its outer side.

In its slender proportions, and the relative positions of the proene-

mial and ectocnemial ridges, the tibia of the Dinornis struthioides

agrees with that of the D. dromioides.

Description of the Bones of the Leg of the Dinornis gracilis.

The advantage of additional specimens, as confirming, by the repe-

tition of the same characters, a species previously defined, is still

greater in respect of the ground which they afford for the discrimi-

nation of a distinct but nearly allied species. Notwithstanding the

well-marked differences observable between the femur of the Dinornis

struthioides and the Dinornis gracilis, 1 might have deemed them

due to differences of sex or individuals, had I not had evidence of the

fixity of the specific characters of the Dinornis struthioides by the

successive arrivals of additional specimens of its bones. Attending

the hoped-for confirmation from such arrivals, it appeared to be

most prudent to refrain from announcing a new species of the rapidly

increasing family of the great wingless birds of New Zealand until

further confirmation might be obtained by corresponding differences

in the tibize and metatarsi of the two species.

Having had the good fortune at length to obtain these additional

illustrations of the Din. gracilis, I no longer delay communicating

descriptions and figures of them to the learned Society, in whose

Transactions my former Memoirs have appeared and have been so

liberally illustrated.

Femur.

The following are the chief dimensions of this bone :—

in. lin.

SN a Ie ona i Be ae ke a 1 i ieee 4

Breadth of proximal end in the axis of the neck . 3 10

Breadth transverse of distalend.............. 4 0

Circumference of middle of shaft ............ 4 8

A small portion of the upper ridge of the great trochanter has

been broken off: when entire, the femur of the Din. gracilis presents

the average length of that of the Din. struthioides, but it is more

slender in proportion, the head is smaller, and is supported by a

better-marked constriction or neck, especially at its under part. The

upper platform of the trochanter is narrower, the anterior border of

the trochanter not being extended so far forwards and outwards.

The angle between the upper and fore surfaces of the trochanter is

a right one, and they meet at a sharp ridge. The rough oval surface

between the head of the femur and the base of the trochanter is

smaller than that of the Din. struthioides. The outer irregular sur-

face of the trochanter is of much less breadth in the Din. gracilis.

The muscular impressions at the sides of the shaft meet and form a

longitudinal ridge along the back part of the middle third of the

247

shaft: they are separated by a tract of half an inch in the Dinornis

struthioides, and terminate below in two tuberosities. The corre-

sponding ridge formed by the meeting of the vasti-muscles along the

fore part of the shaft is shorter in Din. gracilis than in Din. stru-

thioides.

The most marked distinction, however, is presented by the distal

extremity of the bone, which is not only relatively less expanded in

the Din. gracilis, but the rotular groove is narrower, and is bounded

laterally by condyloid eminences of more nearly equal length; the

external one not rising so high up, nor describing the sigmoid curve

in descending, as in the Din. struthioides. The rotular groove in the

Din. gracilis is impressed by a transversely oval rough depression,

at its upper part, with sharp lateral borders ; which depression does

not appear in any of the femora of the Din. struthioides. The

popliteal space is triangular and better defined in the Din. gracilis ;

the fibular groove is shorter and less angular, and the rough deep pit

above it is smaller. The tibial surface on the inher condyle is rela-

tively smaller.

Tibia.

The same character is repeated on the proximal end of this bone,

where the surface applied to the inner condyle is absolutely smaller

than in the Din. struthioides, although the entire bone, as shown in

the subjomed admeasurements, is longer in the Din. gracilis: it is

also, as the name of the species implies, more slender in proportion

to its length.

D. gracilis.

in. lin.

The entire length of the bone is ........ se a ce AO

The transverse breadth of its proximalend.... 5 2

The transverse breadth of its distal end ...... yee a,

The circumference of the middle of the shaft . . 4 6

The fibular ridge extends down the shaft .... 9 6

But this ridge commences nearly 3 inches below the back part of

the proximal end of the bone, nearer the outer side than in the

D. struthioides: it is interrupted by an oblique smooth tract at the

point indicated in the admeasurement, where the medullary artery

penetrates the bone ; it then reappears about one inch and a half be-

low the interruption, and soon gradually subsides. This second lower

part of a fibular ridge is better marked than in the Din. struthioides.

The relative size and position of the procnemial and ectocnemial

ridges are much the same as in the tibia of the Din. struthioides and

Din. dromioides.

Metatarsus.

The difference between the Din. struthioides and the Din. gracilis

is more obvious at first glance in a comparison of their metatarsi than

in that of the above described bones ; especially to an eye accustomed

to the comparison of the metatarsi of the different species. The

superior length and slenderness of that bone in the Din. gracilis

248

would at once prevent its being confounded with the metatarsus of the

Din. struthioides.

The following are the chief dimensions of the bone in question :

those of the extremities being approximative by reason of their worn

margins :—

D. gracilis.

in. lin.

Length of the tarso-metatarsus .............. 13 0

Circumference at the middle of the shaft ...... 43

Transverse breadth of proximal end .......... 3.4

Transverse breadth of the distal end .......... 4 3

Breadth of the middle of the shaft............ bse’

Thickness or antero-posterior diameter of ditto.. 1 2

The depressed surface for the back toe is better marked than in

the Din. struthioides.

This paper will appear in the Transactions of the Society, illus-

trated with figures of the bones.

2. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TANAGER OF THE GENUS CALLISTE.

By Puaiiie Lurvuey Scuater, M.A.

CALLISTE VENUSTA, Sclater. C. lete ceruleo-viridis : intersca-

pulio alis caudaque nigris, eodem viridi limbatis : fronte, loris,

gula summa et auchenio nigris : pileo lateribusque capitis flavis :

ventre medio crissoque pallide ochraceis : rostro nigro : pedibus

pallidis.

Long. tota 4°5 ; alee 2°5; caudze 1°5 poll. Angl.

Hab. In Nova Grenada et in rep. Equatoriana provincia Quixos.

I have been acquainted with this pretty Ca/liste for some time,

but have always considered it as the wanthocephala of Tschudi, and

have described it as such in my “‘ Synopsis of the genus Calliste”’ in

the Contributions to Ornithology. But having lately had the oppor-

tunity of examining Tschudi’s type specimens in the Neuchatel Mu-

seum, I find that his Callospiza xanthocephala is not this bird, but

the same as my Calliste lamprotis (Cont. to Orn. 1851, p. 65). That

species closely resembles the present, but may be distinguished by its

orange cap and brilliant golden-yellow ear-coverts.

The extreme inaccuracy of Dr. Tschudi’s figure, which looks more

like this species than the other, must be my excuse for committing

this error, in which however I am not alone, as even in the Berlin

Museum (where Tschudi’s types ought to be known) I have observed

the present bird called wanthocephala.

Mr. Gould’s collection from Quixos contained examples of this

species. My own specimens are from Santa Fe di Bogota.

London, Noy. 1854.

Proc.4.5 .Mammalia XXX1X

PETROGALE XANTHOPUS . Gr

249

3. DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS PROCNIAS.

By Puiuie Luriey Scuater, M.A.

I have seen several examples of Procnias in collections from New

Grenada, and have never doubted their being different from the Bra-

zilian species. But being aware that a second member of the genus

had been described by Dr. Cabanis in the Museum Heineanum under

the appellation Proenias Heinei, I applied that name to these birds

without much inquiry. Having lately however had the oppor-

tunity of examining the beautiful collection which contains the type

of Dr. Cabanis’ description, I find that I was in error in so doing.

The specimen there designated Procnias Heinei is a female or young

male of Calliste atricapilla, Lafr., and belongs therefore, according

to my ideas, to a different family of birds.

I therefore propose the name Procnias occidentalis for this new

species, which may be distinguished from the older one by its smaller

size, the less amount of black on the throat, and by the white belly

not extending nearly so high towards the breast.

PROCNIAS OCCIDENTALIS, Sclater. P. lete viridis: fronte an-

guste et lateribus capitis cum mento gulaque nigris: ventre

medio crissoque albis: lateribus nigro radiatis: alis caudaque

intus ngricantibus.

Long. tota 5:0; alee 3°3 ; caudz 2°9 poll. Angl.

Hab. in Nova Grenada.

London, Noy. 1854.

4, DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PETROGALE.

By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., etc.

(Mammalia, Pl. XX XIX.)

Yellow-legged Rock-Kangaroo, Petrogale xanthopus.

Pale brown, minutely grizzled ; chin and beneath white: streak

on side from the back of shoulder, and along the side of the face

under the eye, whitish ; dorsal streak narrow, brown ;’ legs, feet, and

tail bright yellow ; end of tail more bushy and var ied with brown.

Australia (Richmond River ?)

This species has all the markings as in Petrogale lateralis, but

differs in being of a much paler and yellower colour, and in the

bright yellow colour of the legs and basal part of the tail. It is

about the same size as P. penicillatus, or rather between it and

P. lateralis.

There are two specimens of this species Gasle and ipale) pro-

cured by Mr. Strange. So Ln

250

November 28, 1854.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. ON A NEW SPECIES OF RHINOCEROS.

By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., erc.

The late Mr. Cross, of Exeter Change and the Surrey Zoological

Gardens, much prized a specimen of the horn of a Rhinoceros, which

for many years formed part of his collection, and which he consi-

dered as indicating the existence of a hitherto unrecorded species of

that genus.

At the distribution of his effects, it has become the property of

the British Museum ; and it is so unlike any other horn of a Rhi-

noceros that has come under my inspection, that I am induced to

believe that-Mr. Cross was probably right in his conjecture; and

Horn of Cross’s Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Crossii).

I am inclined to describe the horn, and name the species Rhinoceros

Crossit, provisionally, after my late friend, an honour he well de-

serves, from the unvarying kindness which he showed to all who

were willing to make use of the collection in his possession for scien-

251

tific purposes: this was the more liberal, when we consider that both

these institutions entirely depended on public encouragement for

their support. But he has yet a greater claim to respect ; he was

the most enterprising importer and purchaser of animals of modern

times, and at the same time most successful in keeping them alive and

in health.

Rhinoceros Crossii.

Horn black; trunk very slender, tapering, smooth, rather com-

pressed at the end, curved nearly into a semicircle; base rather

thick, subquadrangular, rugose.

Length of the horn along the curve alone ............ 31}in-

of the cord. from base to tip ................ 24

SUREMENT UTERO (Ole DASE gas acayets os ain at Be aga Nhe

—jin the middle of hom...... eS PA 43

WGheest Giameter Or DASE. oreo oie: aan oho Bia bon oid «oh 63

Shortest diameter of base 41

THREEEY pet Ue URES Baa haga © Oo PES Mae

2. On two New Svecies or Dacnis, AND ON THE GENERAL

ARRANGEMENT ON THE GENUS.

By Puinie Luritey Scuatrer, M.A.

1. Dacnis HARTLAUBI, Sclater. D. turcoso-cerulea ; gula loris

et fascia per oculos lata cum cervice laterali et dorso superiore

velutino-nigris ; alis caudaque minus splendide nigris ; secon-

dariorum marginibus externis ceruleis; rostro et pedibus nigris.

Long. tota, 4°5; ale 2°6; caude 1:8; poll. Angl.

Hab. In Nova Grenada.

Obs. Similis D. angelica, sed major, gula nigra, ventre crissoque

ceruleis concoloribus neque albis.

I have as yet seen only one example of this Dacnis, which is in

the fine collection of birds in the Bremen Museum. In its upper

colouring it resembles D. angelica, but wants the broad black frent

of that species. The lower plumage comes nearer that of D. cayana,

but the black does not reach so far down the throat. It slightly

exceeds the latter species in size. The bill and legs are black.

2. Dacnis eGreetA, Sclater. D. turcoso-cerulea; fronte gula

loris et fascia per oculos lata cum cervice laterali, dorso supe-

riore, alis caudaque nigris; tectricibus alarum minoribus et

secondariorum marginibus externe ceruleis; tectricibus sub-

alaribus et ventre medio crissoque cum tibiis flavis.

Hab. In Nova Grenada.

Obs. Species D. angelice forma crassitie et coloribus fere zequalis,

sed ventre crissoque et tectricibus subalaribus flavis nec albis.

I am indebted to Mr. G. R. Gray for allowing me to name this

pretty Dacnis, of which one specimen was lately acquired by the

British Museum from M. Parzudaki of Paris. In its plumage above

252

it resembles D. angelica. A glance, however, at its lower surface,

where a bright yellow takes the place of the pure white belly and

under wing-coverts of the other species, is sufficient to show its dis-

tinctness.

Since I wrote some papers on the genus Daenis in Sir William

Jardine’s ‘Contributions to Ornithology,’ Professor Reichenbach of

Dresden has treated of this family in his ‘ Handbuch der Speciellen

Ornithologie,’ part iv. Professor Reichenbach is unpleasantly sur-

prised, he there says, to find that I have described a Dacnis cayana,

which is by no means cayana, but no other than his third species,

D. cyanomelas. Now, I admit that my D. cayana is nothing

more than Prof. Reichenbach’s third species, which he calls ecyano-

melas; but I maintain that this very bird is no other than the

true cayana of Linneeus. There is no such bird in existence as that

characterized by Prof. Reichenbach as cayana. Brisson’s descrip-

tion, it is true, is bad, and Buffon’s figure worse, but they can be

respectively intended for no other bird than the common black and

blue species which is called by Prof. Reichenbach D. cyanomelas.

I am in my turn unpleasantly surprised to find that Prof. Reichen-

bach has removed my Daenis cerebicolor into his genus Arbelorhina,

with which it has nothing to do; that he has made Daenis flaviven-

tris of D’Orbigny’s Voyage a Conirostrum, which it certainly is not,

and has unnaturally placed the hook-billed Diglosse in the middle of

the typical Dacnidine.

I subjoin a list of the nine species of the genus Daenzs with which

I am now acquainted, excluding the atricapilla of my former synopsis,

which Prof. Reichenbach has with some reason made the type of his

new genus Chlorophanes.

1. Dacnis cayana (Lin.) Cont. to Om. 1851. p. 106. sp. 1.—

D. cayana et cyanomelas, Reich. Handb. d. Spec. Orn. p. 226 et

227. Ex ins. Trinitatis; Guiana; Cayenna; Brasilia orientali et

interiore ; Peruvia orientali et Bolivia.

2. DACNIS CHREBICOLOR, Sclater. Cont. to Orn. 1851. p. 106.

sp. 2.—Arbelorhina (!) cerebicolor, Reich. J. c. p. 236. Ex Nova

Grenada.

3. DACNIS HARTLAUBI, Sclater. Ex Nova Grenada.

4. Dacnis ANGELICA, De Filippi. Cont. to Orn. 1851. p. 108.

sp. 3.—Reich. p. 227. Ex Guiana; Cayenna; Nova Grenada;

Peruvia Cisandeana et Bolivia.

5. Dacnis EGREGIA, Sclater. Ex Nova Grenada.

6. Dacnis rLAviventrRis, D’Orb. et Lafr. Cont. to Orn. 1851.

p. 108. sp. 5.—Conirostrum (!) flaviventre, Reich. 1. c. p. 229. Ex

Bolivia et Peruvia Cisandeana.

7. DACNIS PULCHERRIMA, Sclater. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853.

p- 479. Ex Nova Grenada.

8. Dacnis speciosa (Pr. Max.). Cont. to Om. 1852. p. 101.

sp. 6. Reich. J. c. p. 228. Ex Brasilia et Bolivia.

9. Dacnis PLUMBEA (Latham). Cont. to Orn. 1852. p. 102.

sp. 7. Reich. 7. c. p. 228. Ex Guiana et Brasilia.

Proc .2 Ave Sa e

J Wolf. hth. M&ey Hanhart,Imp'

MYRMECIZA MARGARITATA. Scale

J Wolf, lith

M & N.Hanhaert,imp*~

Fe a bale

}

aiid A i

CU “IVT OeA NT YY

} al u at

TTL JTOM Lf

Nh 4

= Dee aor yy # ,

+4 i ae ba . \

tie yee ae SOOO DIES BLM ad i'r, (? ah . pe

A aa oo) te a TE a i

4 . ’ o¢ ‘ e ) rs

sete an,

J Wolf lith

FYORMICGIVORA GAUDATA

Proc.Z.5 .Aves. LXXIV.

M & N Hanhart imp!

253

3. Descriptions or Six New Species or Birps oF THE SuB-

FAMILY FoRMICARINZ. By Puitip Luriey Scuater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. LXX.—LXXIV.)

1. Myrmeciza Ltevcaspts, Sclater. (Pl. LXX.)

Supra cinnamomea, subtus alba; vitta laterali utrinque ab angulo

oris ad ventrem descendente mgra; lateribus corporis cum

ventre imo crissoque olivascenti-cinnamomeis ; rostro nigro, man-

dibula inferiore, nisi basi, alba; pedibus pallidis; orbitis nudis.

Long tota 5:5; ale, 2°8; caudze 1°8.

Hab. In Peruvia, Chamicurros ; in Nova Grenada; et Rio Negro,

Cobati.

The first specimen of this bird that came into my possession seems

by its make to be a Bogota skin. 1 have lately obtained a second

from the MM. Verreaux of Paris, marked ‘Peru.’ But a more

satisfactory locality is Chamicurros, on the Huallaga, one of the con-

fluents of the Peruvian Amazon, whence Mr. Gould has lately received

several examples, along with many other interesting birds. Mr.

Gould’s specimens were collected m the month of October, 1852.

Male and female, so labeled, are coloured alike, and noted, ‘ Irides

red, skin around the eyes and legs light blue.’ My Bogota skin,

and one in the MM. Verreaux’s collection, have the base of the

interseapularies light fawn-colour, forming a large blotch, which,

however, as is often the case in the birds of this sub-family, is only

to be seen when the feathers are raised.

A specimen of this bird in the British Museum is from Cobati, on

the Rio Negro.

The upper plumage of the Myrmeciza leucaspis is. wholly dark

cinnamon-colour, and divided from the pure white of the lower sur-

face by a black band. The wing-feathers are blackish within ; the

twelve rectrices are wholly darkish cinnamon-red. The white of the

lower surface narrows as it descends, terminating in a point, and

leaving the sides of the belly and crissum dusky olivaceous cinnamon-

colour.

2. MyrmecizaA MARGARITATA, Sclater. (Pl. LXXI.)

S Cinereus, subtus dilutior, ventre medio crissoque albescentibus ;

alis caudaque nigris, rectricum apicibus albis ; remigibus secon-

dariis et alarum atque caude tectricibus superioribus omnibus

maculis magnis, rotundis, albis terminatis.

2 Fusco-brunnea; subtus pallide cervino-rufa; maculis alarum et

caude clare cervinis neque albis.

Long. tota 5°3; alee 2°8; caude 1°'8.

Hab. In Peruvia, Chamicurros.

My examples of this curiously marked bird were obtained from

the MM. Verreaux, and are from the same locality as the preceding

species. Mr. Gould’s collection from Chamicurros likewise contains

specimens of both sexes. |

The round spots, which render this bird a very recognizable species,

are placed in the wing-coverts at the apex of each feather. In the

254

secondaries they occupy the end of the outer web, being in the first

six nearest the primaries rather small, in the three outer larger and

squarer in form. The upper tail-coverts are much produced, and

are conspicuously terminated with oval white spots. The tail-

feathers are ended only with spots, which are larger on the outer

rectrices.

3. HypocNeMIS MELANOL&MA, Sclater. (Pl. LXXII. fig. 2.)

Cinereus, subtus valde dilutior ; interscapularibus basi niveis ;

loris et oculorum ambitu cum cervice laterali et gutture toto

nigris ; linea superciliari indistincte albida; teetricibus alarum

nigris, fascia terminali alba; remigibus et rectricibus fuscis,

externe cinereis ; rostro nigro, pedibus pallidis.

Long. tota 5:0; alee 2°5; caude 1°6.

Hab. In Peruvia, Chamicurros.

This species seems nearly allied in form to the bird named Hypo-

enemis pecilonota by Dr. Cabanis (Orn. Not. in Wiegm. Archiv, f.

Nat. 1847. p. 213), and I have therefore placed it temporarily in

the same genus. My specimen comes, like those of the preceding

species, from MM. Verreaux’s Peruvian collection; and Mr. Gould

has one example marked “male, irides red,’ from Chamicurros,

which agrees with mine. From the same Peruvian collection I have

also Hypocnemis pecilonota (Cab.) and H. cantator (Bodd.), the

type of the genus, or a species hardly to be distinguished there-

from.

4. Hypocnemis MELANosTICTA, Sclater. (Pl. LXXIII.)

& Ex cinereo olivascens ; interscapularibus basi niveis ; tectricibus

alarum nigris, albo anguste terminatis ; loris et regione auriculari

nigris ; subtus cinereus, gutture toto et ventre medio albis ; punc-

tis paucis rotundis in summo pectore nigris ; rostro nigro, pedibus

pallidis.

? Supra rufescenti-olivacea, alarum tectricum marginibus et abdo-

mine toto pallide ochraceis ; gutture, sicut in mari, albo; mandi-

bula inferiore, nisi apice, alba.

Long. tota 5°0; alee 2°5; caude 1°6.

Hab. In Peruvia, Chamicurros.

The Peruvian collection of the MM. Verreaux contained several

examples of this prettily marked Ant-Thrush, and Mr. Gould has

also ¢ and ? from Chamicurros. Both sexes show the white blotch

at the base of the interscapularies. In form they nearly resemble

H. melanolema and pecilonota. Below the white throat, both in

male and female, are eight or ten round blackish spots, forming a

sort of collar, which renders this species easily recognizable.

5. Formicrvora caupatTa, Sclater. (Pl. LXXIV.)

3 Supra niger albo-striatus ; nucha nigra ; dorso postico ferrugineo ;

alis caudaque nigris; tectricibus alarum albo, remigibus autem

primariis et secondariis rufo limbatis; rectricum macula terminali

alba ; subtus albus, sparsius nigro-striatus ; ventre crissoque clare

ferrugineis.

255

9 Striis corporis superioris et tectricum alarum marginibus sub-

rufescentibus ; dorso postico et ventre dilutius ferrugineis ; striis

pectoris sparsioribus, in gula fere evanescentibus.

Long. tota 5°8; alee 2°1; caude 3°1.

Hab. In Nova Grenada.

A close ally of Formicivora ferruginea (Temm.) and its affines,

from all of which, however, it may be distinguished by its extremely

lengthened tail. My specimens were purchased in Paris, and are

Bogota skins.

6. Pirnys ERyYTHROPHRYS, Sclater. (Pl. LXXII. fig. 1.)

Olivaceo-brunneus, subtus medialiter albus ; fronte loris et regione

superciliari utrinque clare ferrugineis ; loris et regione auriculari

nigris ; striis quibusdam indistinctis in lateribus pectoris cinereis ;

alis caudaque nigricanti-brunneis, illius remigibus clare rufo-

brunneo limbatis et tectricibus omnibus maculis parvis terminalibus

albis.

Long. tota 4°5 ; alee 2°7; caude 1:7.

Hab. In Nova Grenada.

This is not a true Pithys, I think, but I have placed it as such, as

being allied to Pithys leucophrys ex Nova Grenada. But is the

New Grenadian bird really identical with Tschudi’s Pithys leuco-

phrys?

4. Notes ON THE Hasits or some INp1IAN Birps. Parr VI.

By Lirut. Burgess.

Family FrinGiuuip2#,

Sub-Family PyrrHuLin#.

Genus PyRRHULAUDA.

PyRRHULAUDA CRUCIGER (Temm.).

Buack-BELLIED Fincw Lark.

This little finch lark is common in Western India, on open plains

and grassy plots of ground. It is remarkable for its habit of

squatting close on the ground when approached, trusting most pro-

bably to the similarity in colour of the plumage of the wings and

back with that of the burnt grass and dusty ground to escape

notice. This little lark breeds during the months of January and

February, building its nest, which is composed of grass, threads, &c.,

in a hollow in the grassy plains which it inhabits. A nest of this

species which was brought to me at the end of January was com-

posed chiefly of grass; it contained two small eggs, of a grey

tint, speckled with brown. They have been unfortunately broken.

Dr. Jerdon says: “I was fortunate enough to obtain the nest and

eggs of this bird very lately (February). The nest is composed

of woven thread mingled with some fibres of grass and one or two

small fragments of cloth. The sides are hardly raised at all; it

256

was placed in a slight hollow on the open plain near a river, and

contained two eggs, of a slight greenish-grey tint spotted with

brown, chiefly at the larger end.”

Tribe ScaNnsorEs.

Family Psrrracip&.

Sub-family MacrocercIn&.

Genus PaLzornIs.

PaLZoRNIs TORQUATUS, Vigors.

The Red-ringed Parrakeet is by far the most common of its tribe

throughout Western India, as probably throughout that continent.

They associate in large flocks, dog much injury to fruit-trees and

crops of grain. As the grain-crops ripen, they frequent the trees in

the neighbourhood, whence they make descents on the fields, retiring

to them with the heads of the grain plants, to eat at their leisure.

As far as my observations go, they prefer carrying off the ears of

the plant to eating the grain in the field. On the approach of night

they retire in large flocks to the shelter of thick mango and other

trees. This Parrakeet breeds during the month of March, in holes

in buildings and trees, laying three or four eggs, of a pure white

colour, 1,3,ths of an inch in length by 1 inch in width.

Patzornis ALEXANDRI. LARGE RED-RINGED PARRAKEET.

I have never met with this large species, but I see that Dr. Jerdon

mentions having obtained four young ones from a hole in a tree, in

the month of December.

PALHORNIS BENGALENSIS. RED-HEADED or PLUM-HEADED

PARRAKEET.

I have had many opportunities of watching and closely obser-

ving the habits of these handsome little parrakeets, and am con-

vineed that they are one and the same bird, the red-head being the

mark of an advanced, if not mature plumage. In young birds, the

plum-colour of the head is much mixed with green, the former

colour becoming decided as the birds grow older, and this again

giving way to the red head-dress. I have met with these birds in

the woody ravines and recesses amongst the lower ranges of hills in

the Deccan, also in the thickly-wooded garden-land near the canton-

ments of Ahmednuggur. In this latter spot I have often watched

them in the hope of securing one of the richly-coloured red-headed

birds. They fly in flocks like Pal@ornis torquatus, visiting the grain-

fields, and carrying off the ears to the neighbouring trees. Their

cry is not so loud and harsh as that of their larger brethren, and

they may thus be distinguished when not seen. I scarcely ever saw

more than two or three red-headed birds amongst a flock of plum-

heads. I have not met with the nest or eggs of this species, but

257

from the very immature plumage of young birds which I shot in

January, I should say that they breed in November and December.

Family Cucutip2.

Subfamily Cucu.in.

Genus EupyYNAmys.

EupyNAmys MACuLaATUS. Buiack Cuckoo or KowEEL.

Not having met with the nest and eggs of this cuckoo, I am in-

debted to Dr. Jerdon’s catalogue for the following note on the sub-

ject :—‘‘ The koweel (as is well known in India) lays its eggs in the

nest of the common crow (C. splendens), from which it dislodges

the crows’ eggs. It is said always to choose this crow’s nest. On

one occasion I obtained an egg from the female koweel ; it was of a

dirty blue colour, marked with some dusky spots.”

Genus CENTROPUS.

CENTROPUS PHILIPPENSIS (Cuv.). Lark-HEELED Cuckoo.

This very common cuckoo, called by many Europeans in India

‘*the Malabar Pheasant,”’ is a bird remarkable for its appearance, and

peculiarly loud cry. Its bright chestnut wings and long tail render

it conspicuous, and from the length of the latter, the name of Phea-

sant has doubtless been applied to it. Like others of its kind, it is

fond of thickets and hedges, under the latter of which it may often

be observed walking about and picking up its food, which consists

of lizards, seeds and insects. Though classed in the family of the

Cuculida, this bird differs from Cuculus canorus and Eudynamys

maculatus in one marked respect, viz. that it does not deposit its eggs

in the nest of another bird. Like the yellow-billed American cuckoo,

Coccyzus Americanus (Jenyns), it builds its own nest, but whether,

as Mr. Yarrell mentions, in the case of the American bird, its egg is

ever found in another bird’s nest, I cannot say: I never heard of

such a case.

The lark-heeled cuckoo breeds in the spring of the year, as early

as January and as late as April. It builds its nest in hedges and

trees ; the nest is composed of grass and small twigs. The eggs,

generally three in number, are of an opaque white, 13 inch in length

by 1 inch and ;2,ths in width. The exterior of the shell is of a

peculiarly soft, chalky texture, which soon becomes scratched and

stained.

Tribe TENUIROSTRES.

Family CinnyRip&.

CINNYRIS ORIENTALIS, Frankl. Purpte Honeysucker.

As I am anxious to make these papers as complete as possible on

the nests and eggs of the birds of Western India, I have taken the

No. CCLXXVI.—ProceeEpinés oF THE ZooLoGicaL Society.

258

liberty of transcribing some of the observations made by Dr. Jerdon

of the Madras cavalry, in cases where I have not been able to obtain

information. With regard to the nest and eggs of this honey-sucker

he says: “Ihave lately (February) seen the nest of this pretty little

bird close to a house in Jaulnat. It was commenced on a thick

spider’s web, by attaching to it various fragments of paper, cloth,

straw, grass, and other substances, till it had secured a firm hold of

the twig to which the web adhered, and the nest suspended on this

was then completed by adding other fragments of the same mate-

rials. The hole is at one side near the top, and has a slight pro-

jecting roof or awning over it. The female laid two eggs, of a

greenish-grey tinge, spotted with dusky. The first nest it made

was accidentally destroyed after two eggs had been laid, and the

couple immediately commenced building another in a small tree at

the other side of the door, and, as in the first instance, commenced

their operations on a fragment of a spider’s web. They reared two

young ones from the nest.”

5. List or Matayan Birps COLLECTED BY THEODORE CANTOR,

Ese., M.D.*, witH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE IMPERFECTLY

KNOWN SPECIES. By FreperRIc Moore, Assist. Mus.

East Inp1a Company.

1. Gyps BENGALENSIS.

Vultur bengalensis, Gmelin. (young).

Vultur Changoun, Daudin. (adult).

Vultur leuconotus, Gray and Hardw. Il. Ind. Zool. i. t. 14 (adult).

Gyps bengalensis, Gray and Hardw. Ill. Ind. Zool. 1. 15 (young).

Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 35.

Vultur indicus, Scopoli. ? Sonn. Voy. t. 105?

A specimen agreeing with those collected in the Dukhun by Col.

Sykes.

2. HrieRAX CEHRULESCENS.

Falco cerulescens, Linn. Horsf. Temm. Pl. Col. 97.

Falco fringillarius, Drapiez, Dict. Class, t. 21.

Hierax malayensis, Strickland. (Edw. Birds, t. 108).

Auuap or ALLAP ALLAP of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Seep Bexane of the Malays in Penang (Cantor).

«The Indian species of these tiny Falcons (which weigh but a

few ounces) are trained for hawking in the Upper Provinces, being flown

at quails and other game of corresponding size, as I have been in-

formed,’ remarks Mr. Blyth, “by different eye-witnesses of the

sport.” Captain Mundy, in his ‘Sketches of a Tour in India,’ ii.

p- 25, thus describes it :—‘‘ We had also some amusing sport with

another kind of falcon, a very small bird, perhaps barely so large as

a thrush, and its prey was proportioned to its strength. It is flown

* Presented to the Museum of the Honourable East India Company, April

1854.

259

at quails, sparrows, and others of the like calibre. The mode of

starting it is different from that used with any other hawk. The

falconer holds the little well-drilled savage within the grasp of his

hand, the head and tail protruding at either end, and the plumage

carefully smoothed down. When he arrives within twenty or thirty

yards of the quarry the sportsman throws his hawk, much as he

would a cricket-ball, in the direction of it. The little creature gains

his wings in an instant, and strikes his game after the manner of the

Bhause (Astur palumbarius).”

3. ELanus minor, Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 22 (1849).

Elanus melanopterus of India and Malasia, Auctorum.

ANGKAL-ANGKAL of the Javanese (Horsf.).

KupaseE and Cuanwa of the Hindoos (Jerdon).

Mr. Hodgson gives the following notice of the habits of this bird.

“The Chanwa, or Black-wing, quests chiefly in the morning and

evening, feeding upon small birds, insects and mice. It does not

usually seize upon the wing, though its hunting be, for the most

part, by continuous questing. Commonly, it is seen skimming the

cultivation like a Circus, occasionally poising itself on the wing for

the purpose of getting a distincter view of some mouse, small bird,

or insect which has stirred on his beat, and upon which, when clearly

perceived, it stoops perpendicularly with the speed of lightning.

After a while, it will resort to some low roost, and, when relieved,

commence another excursion, or, perchance, sit and watch there for

its prey. Its forward flight is easy, low, and silent, but very effective

in evolution, when exertion is required to capture such nimble game

as mice, which constitute its ordinary food. It frequently whips off

insects from the stalks of standing grain, and this feat is, of course,

accomplished on the wing. I have also seen it pursue cuckoos and

sparrows with uncommon energy, but I never witnessed it strike a

bird in the air. The Chanwa doubtless can, and sometimes does,

seize its feathered prey on the wing.”

4. Minvus covinna, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 81.

Milvus melanotis, Temm. et Schleg., Faun. Jap., t. 5.

Milvus cheele, Jerdon, Madras Journ. x. p. 71.

Haliaétus lineatus, Gray’s Ill. Zool., i. t. 18.

Milvus indicus et subhimalayanus, Hodgson.

The Govinda kite.

Cueex or Curt of the Hindoos (Hamilton).

From Pinang.

5. SprzAETUS LIMNZETUS.

Falco limneétus, Horsfield. (Zool. Res. in Java).

Limneétus Horsfieldii, Vigors, Mem. Raffles App. p. 649.

Astur unicolor, Temminck, Pl. Col. 134.

Wourv-xawa of the Javanese (Horsf.).

6. SpPIZAETUS CIRRHATUS.

Falco cirrhatus, Gmelin.

260

Falco caligatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 278.

Falco niveus, Shaw. 'Temm., Pl. Col. 127.

Nisaétus nipalensis, (crestless var.), Hodgson.

Nisaétus pallidus, Hodgson. (jun.)

Falco cristatellus, Temminck, Pl. Col. 282.

Falco Lathami, Tickell (nec Gray).

Lane Tameikar of the Javanese. (Horsf.

Sua Baz and SApAt of the Hindoos. (Elliott.)

7. ACCIPITER VIRGATUS.

Falco virgatus, Reinwardt. Temm., Pl. Col. 109.

Accipiter besra et A. fringillarius, Jerdon, Catal.

Accipiter affinis, Hodgson.

Acc. Dussumieri, Sykes (nec Temm.).

A single specimen, in the young state, was obtained at Pinang.

8. HaMATORNIS BACHA.

Falco bacha, Daudin. (Levaill., Ois. d Afr., t. 15.)

Spilornis bacha, G. R. Gray.

Falco bido, Horsfield.

Bipo of the Javanese. (Horsf.).

I have compared specimens of Dr. Horsfield’s F. b¢do with Levail-

lant’s figure, and have found them to agree in every respect.

9. PANDION ICHTHYAETUS.

Falco ichthyaétus, Horsfield. (Zool. Res. in Java, t. 34.)

Haliaétus plumbeus, Hodgson.

Ichthyaétus bicolor, G. R. Gray.

Ichthyaétus Horsfieldii (Hodgs.), Blyth.

Ichthyaétus hucarius, Hodgson.

The Marine Eagle.

Joxowurv of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Mapuvya of the Hindoos (Hamilton).

Matcu morot (i.e. ‘ fish-tyrant’) of the Bengalese (Blyth).

“This bird is found in Java near lakes, or on the banks of large

rivers. It is by no means generally distributed. I met with it in

two situations only, one near the banks of the river of Kediri, in the

eastern district, and the other near the middle of the island, on the

hills of Prowoto, about twenty miles south-east of Samarang. Here

a pair of these birds had established themselves for several vears near

a village on the confines of an extensive lake formed by the accumu-

lation of water during the period of rains, and distinguished by the

name of Rawa (lake) of Damak. Their nest was built on the top of

a large tree, and was constructed in a rude manner, of branches of

trees; the branches which were placed on the exterior were more

than an inch in diameter; the inside was lined with small twigs; it

was irregularly round, and very slightly excavated. The birds were

surprised during the period of incubation. The male bird, on being

caught in a snare, permitted itself to be seized by the native without

making any resistance. When brought to me, lying in the arms of

261

the man, apparently conscious of its situation, and without making

use of its claws or bill, or exerting any effort to extricate itself, it

suffered itself to be handled and examined very patiently. On being

placed in a large cage, it made a few efforts in the beginning to set

itself at liberty, but finding them ineffectual, it soon desisted, and by

its calmness and dignity of manners, exhibited a resemblance to the

more noble species of falcons. During the first days of its confine-

ment it refused food altogether, but on becoming hungry, a fish was

quietly placed in its bill, which was finally swallowed with great

caution ; and it soon took greedily the fishes which were liberally

supplied. Its usual attitude was with the bill half open, and it ap-

peared to have frequent thirst, and took up copious draughts of

water. The pair of birds which I obtained on these hills had been

carefully observed by the natives for several years. Their cry re-

sembled that of the osprey. They lived exclusively on fishes. They

never attacked fowls or other animals. They daily resorted to the

lake above mentioned, over which, suspended in the air, or sailing

slowly along, they watched their prey. On observing a fish, they

darted on it with impetuous velocity ; more rarely they pursued a

more passive conduct, and watched the lake from the trees in its

neighbourhood.” (Horsfield.)

10. PANDION HUMILIs, Temminck et Miiller, Verh. over de

Nat. Gesch., &c., t. 6.

Ichthyaétus nanus, Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. 1842, p. 202, 1843,

. 304.

are Allied to P. ichthyaétus, but considerably smaller, being under

2 feet in length ; the wings 14 inches, and tail, which is a little

wedged, 83 inches; bill over curve, including cere, 1iths; and

1{ths from tip of upper mandible to gape; tarse 24 inches; the

talons large, and all (as in P. ichthyaétus) completely rounded, with

the exception of that of the middle toe; 4th and 5th primaries equal

and longest, a little exceeding the 3rd and 6th.”

11. Haniaitus LEvcoGASTER.

Falco leucogaster, Gmelin.

Falco blagrus, Daudin.

Falco dimidiatus, Raffles.

Haliaétus sphenurus, Gould. (young.)

Ichthyaétus cultrunguis, Blyth. (the semi-adult.)

Blagrus leucogaster, Blyth.

Falco maritimus, Gmelin.

The Maritime Eagle, Latham. (the adult.)

Kampamaur Eagle, Latham. (the semi-adult.)

Samp-maR (‘snake-killer’) of the Hindoos (Blyth).

Lane-taut of the Malays of Sumatra (Ratfiles).

12. Haiastur INDUS.

Falco indus, Boddaért.

Falco ponticerianus, Gmelin.

262

Dentiger ponticerianus, Hodgson.

Milvus rotundicaudus, Hodgson.

Brahminy Kite of Europeans in India.

Lane Bonpvot of the Malays of Sumatra (Raffies).

Uxune of the Javanese (Horsf.).

‘Europeans have given this bird the appellation of Brahminy

Kite; which originates in having observed that the Hindoos attach

superstitious ideas to it. Among the Mahommedans there is a preva-

lent notion that when two armies are about to engage, the appearance

of one of these birds over either party prognosticates victory to that

side.”” (Pearson.)

13. ATHENE RADIATA.

Strix radiata, Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. 1833, p. 572.

Strix erythroptera, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 136.

Noctua perlineata, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. 1837, p. 369.

Athene undulata, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. 1842, p. 457.

JuNGLEE CHooGup of the Hindoos (Jerdon).

A single specimen of this pretty little owl was obtained at Keddah

(Malayan Peninsula), agreeing in every respect with those obtained

from India. This is, I believe, the first indication of its having

been found in the Malayan Peninsula.

14. Nrnox scuTULATUS.

Strix scutulata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 280 (1821).

Strix hirsuta, Temminck, Pl. Col. 289.

Strix lugubris, Tickell, J. A.S. Beng. 1832, p. 457.

Ninox nipalensis et N. Jeridius, Hodgson.

Athene malayensis, Eyton.

Strix hirsuta japonica, Schlegel, Faun. Japon. t. 9 B.

Strix infausta, Hamilton, MSS.

Kat Precuak of the Bengalese (Hamilton).

CuooGuD BeEsRuH of the Hindoos (ditto).

KueEnc-Boopr of the Arracanese (Blyth).

Rasa Watt of the Malays.

** Trides king’s-yellow ; bill black ; feet reddish.”’ (Cantor.) Also

inhabits N. India and Tenasserim.

15. Epurattes Lempist.

Strix Lempyi, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 140.

Striz noctula (Remw.), Temminck, Pl. Col. 99.

Scops javanicus, Lesson.

Scops lettia, Hodgson.

Scops lettoides, Jerdon.

Scops griseus, Jerdon.

Lemprst of the Javanese (Horsf.).

THaRKAvit CHooeup seu Larrya Cupyat of the Nepalese

(Hodgs.).

16. Buso oRIENTALIS.

Stria orientalis, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 140.

263

Strix sumatrana, Rafiles.

Strix strepitans, Temminck, Pl. Col. 174. 229. (jun.)

Huhua nipalensis, Hodgson.

Huhua pectoralis, Jerdon.

Hvuv and Huuv Cutz of the Nepalese (Hodgs.).

Ooman of the natives of Malabar (Jerdon).

* Tris dull brown ; bill dull yellow ; feet yellowish buff.” (Cantor.)

A single adult specimen of this rare species was obtained at

Malacca.

17. Ketupa JAvANENSIS, Lesson, Trait. d’Orn. p. 114 (1831).

Strix ketupa, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 141 (1821).

Strix ceylonensis apud Lath. et Temm., Pl. Col. 74.

Bio xetupa of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Tampa seu Keromso Ratanarpye; Hanta; Buronc PELow

of the Malays (Blyth).

Tris round, brilliant yellow.”’ (Cantor.)

Common at Pinang.

18. PHoLtpus BADIUS.

Strix badia, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 139 (Zool. Res.

in Java, t.36. Temm., Pl. Col. 318.).

Wowo Wrw1 or Katone Wrwi of the Javanese (Horsf.).

BuroneG antoo, Pinang. Cantor.

“The Wowo-wrwi1 is rarely met with in Java. It never visits the

villages, but resides in the closest forests, which are the usual resort

of the tiger. The natives even assert that it approaches this animal

with the same familiarity with which the Jallak (Pastor Jalla,

Horsf.) approaches the buffalo, and that it has no dread to alight

on the tiger’s back. It is never seen in confinement.” Horsfield.

It also inhabits Nepal, Sikim, Assam and Arracan.

19. Syrnium SELO-PuTO.

Strix Selo-puto, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 140.

Strix pagodarum, Temminck, Pl. Col. 230.

Srxo-purto of the Javanese (Horsf.).

A single specimen obtained at Pinang.

20. Mrrops PHILIPPINUS, Linneus.

Merops javanicus, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII., p. 171.

Merops Daudinii, Cuvier, Rég. An. I. p. 442.

Merops typicus, Hodgson, Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 82.

KacuanGan of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Biri Brrt of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

21. Merops sapius, Gmelin.

Merops castaneus, Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 273.

Merops bicolor, Boddaért.

Merops sumatranus, Raffles.

264

? Merops Latreillei, Vieillot (Levaill. Guep. t. 12).

? Merops cyanopygtus, Lesson, Tr. d’Orn. p. 238.

The Chestnut Bee-eater.

22. Mrerops quinTIcotor, Vieillot, N. Dict. ? H. N. XIV. p. 20.

(Levaill. Guep. t. 15.)

Merops Leschenaulti, Vieillot.

Merops urica, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 172; Swains.

Zool. Ill. n. s. t. 8.

Pirik of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Found also in India and Ceylon.

23. NYCTIORNIS AMICTA.

Merops amictus, Temminck, Pl. Col. 310; Gould, Birds of Asia.

Nyctiornis amicta, Swainson, Zool. Ill., 2ud Ser. t. 56.

Kay Cuua of the Malays (Eyton).

24. Hirunpo PANAYANA, Gmelin.

H, gutturalis, Scopoli.

H. javanica, Sparmann, Mus. Carls. IV. t. 100.

HH. jewan, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 83.

HZ, rusticoides, Kuhl.

H. rustica, Meyen. (Temm. PI. Col. 83. f. 2.)

25. Hrrunpo pomico.a, Jerdon, Madras Journ. XIII. p. 173.

(1844).

Hirundo javanica apud Shaw, Zool. X. p. 101; Lath. Gen. Hist.

VII. p. 300.

Bungalow Swallow, of residents in the Neilgherries (Jerdon).

Forehead, chin, throat and upper part of breast deep rufous ;

plumage above glossy blue-black ; beneath dusky cinereous ; wings

and tail dusky black, the latter with a white spot near the tip on all

but the two centre feathers ; under tail-coverts blackish, edged with

white. Bill and legs black.

Length 43 inches; of wing 4,4,ths; tail (very slightly forked) 2;

bill to front 4ths, to gape {ths ; and tarsus ##ths of an inch. -

“‘Common in the Neilgherries,” remarks Mr. Jerdon, [and also

in the Malay countries,] “and builds its nest in retired or deserted

bungalows, out-houses, &c., making a small mud nest, quite open at

the top, and profusely lined with feathers.”

26. CypseLus virratus, Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn. 2nd Ser.

t. 39.

Cypselus australis apud Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XI. p. 886.

27. CypseLus suBrurcatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

XVIII. p. 807. (1849.)

Cypselus affinis apud Strickl. P. Z. S., 1846, p. 99.

“‘ Resembles C. afinis, but is larger, deeper coloured, with the

tail-feathers conspicuously more pointed, and the outermost mea-

265

suring a quarter of an inch longer than the middle ones. Wing 5}

inches ; tail 24th. General colour much blacker than in C. afinis,

the upper and lower tail-covers being quite black; the white band

on the rump is narrower and less purely white ; and the white of

the throat is also less pure.”

“The nidification is also remarkably different,” says Mr. Blyth ;

‘several pairs inhabiting a continuous common nest, which is

affixed to an eave in the manner of that of Chelidon urbica, or of

Cyp. affinis; the latter species, however (so far as we have ob-

served), so placing its nest as to be concealed, or at least rendered

inconspicuous by a rafter or other object in front.’” According to the

account received’ from Col. Low, a colony of Cyp. subfurcatus inha-

bited the verandah of a house in the island of Pinang. ‘“‘ They

began with a pair, and now compose a harmonious family of about

sixteen or eighteen. The nests are fastened to the beam much in

the same way as the nest of the swallow (Chelidon urbica *), but their

nidificatery habits differ from those of the latter birds by their run-

ning two, three, or more nests into one. There were about six or

eight birds in one specimen of the nest, which had three apertures.

They seem to keep a regular watch at night, for on the least noise

the sentinel pipes a little, and is then followed by all the rest. They

lay two eggs, and are not migratory,—at least my friends are not,

for they have been domiciled upwards of a year where they are now.

The nest above noticed is a beautiful fabric in its way, remarkably

light and compact ; being composed of feathers and other light sub-

stances firmly bound together by a good deal of the saliva-like

gluten. Several shed primaries and other feathers of the birds

themselves, doubtless cast within the nest, are thus fastened in to add

to the lining. The only aperture visible, now that the nest has been

cut away from its place of attachment, is a somewhat prolonged

entrance at one extremity; and there appear to be but two de-

pressions adapted for the reception of eggs, which renders it probable

that several of its inhabitants were the young of a former brood, or

perhaps broods. The total length of the interior is 12 inches, by

nearly 5 inches where broadest ; and this capacity would indicate

that it is intended as much for a habitation for a number of the birds

as for the ordinary purpose of incubation. Procuring some nests of

Cyp. affinis for comparison, the size of these also indicates the fact

that they are similarly inhabited ; but it would appear that there is

no convenience in them for more than one pair of birds to incubate.

They consist of a much thicker and heavier mass of material than

the nest of C. subfurcatus ; but where two are built in contact, the

wall of separation is thin, though we suspect it will be always found

intact and completely separated. During the night C. affinis is

equally vigilant with its Malayan representative. The latter would

appear to be the common house Swift of the Malayan peninsula,

taking the place of C. afinis of India; while C. vittatus would seem

to be exclusively a mountain species, and which has been obtained

by Capt. Hutton from the Tyne range of mountains near Simla.”

Common at Pinang.—Cantor.

266

28. ACANTHYLIS GIGANTEUS.

Cypselus giganteus, Temminck, Pl. Col. 364.

Acanthylis caudacuta, apud Blyth. Catalogue.

“Tris blackish brown; bill black; feet dirty cobalt.”’—Cantor.

Inhabits the Neilgherries, Ceylon, Arakan, and the Malayan

peninsula.

29. BATRACHOSTOMUS AURITUS.

Podargus auritus, Vigors, Griff., transl. of Cuv. An. Kingd. 11. t.

p- 114; Appendix to Mem. of Sir T. 8S. Rafiles, p. 653.

Batrachostomus auritus, Gould, Icones Avium, t. 7.

Bombycistomus Fullertonii, Hay, Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 574

(1841).

30. BATRACHOSTOMUS STELLATUS.

Podargus stellatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 43, also, I believe,

the Podargus crinifrons, Temminck, Mus. Ludg. Bonap. Consp. Gen.

Av. p. 57.

I hue compared the specimens of this bird in Mr. Gould’s collec-

tion with those collected in Malacca by Dr. Cantor, with which they

quite agree. This is quite distinct from B. javanensis, Horsf. ;

P. cornutus, Temm.

31. Lyncornis TeMMINCKI, Gould, Icones Avium, t. 6.

Eurostopodus Temmincki, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds.

Caprimulgus pulcher, Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. II. p. 161.

(1844.)

Caprimulgus imberbis, Temm. MSS.

“Crown of the head greyish brown, minutely barred with black,

many of the feathers having a black spot at the apex ; throat barred

with rich chestnut and black; round the neck a collar, which is

white anteriorly, and buff posteriorly ; egrets short and black ; chest

blackish, freckled with chestnut ; back ornamented with tints of

chestnut and fawn, spotted and irregularly freckled with black ;

quills blackish brown, with nearly obsolete bars of chestnut ; under-

surface pale buff mingled with black, which latter colour occupies

the base of each feather ; tail brownish black, with interrupted bars

of chestnut. Bill and legs brown.”

Length 10 inches ; of wing 8; tail 53; bill to gape 11th, and

tarsus 4 an inch.

32. CapRimuLGUS MACROURUS, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc.

XIII. p. 142.

33. CapRimMULGUS INDICUS, Latham. Jerdon, Ill. Ind. Orn. t.

24. Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. I. t. 34. f. 1.

Caprimulgus cinerascens, Vieillot.

Caprimulgus saturatior, Hodgson.

Caprimulgus innotatus, Hodgson (jun.).

Specimens from Malacca agreeing with those obtained at Nepal.

267

34, EuryLaimus JAVANICUS, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.

p- 170. Zool. Res. in Java, t. 5. (Gould, Birds of Asia.)

Eurylaimus Horsfieldii, Temminck, Pl. Col. 130, 131.

Tampiana Lixin of the Malays. (Eyton.)

Common at Malacca.

35. EuRYLAIMUS OCHROMALUS, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.

p- 297; Gould, Birds of Asia.

Eurylaimus cucullatus, Temminck, Pl. Col. 261.

Eurylaimus Raffiesii, Lesson.

TAMPLANA QiLIN of the Malays. (Blyth.)

36. CoryDON SUMATRANUS.

Coracias sumatranus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 303.

Corydon sumatranus, Strickland. (Gould, Birds of Asia.)

Eurylaimus corydon, Temminck, Pl. Col. 297.

Corydon Temminckii, Lesson, Man. d’Orn. i. p. 177.

Kune-aquair of the Malays. (Blyth.)

37. CyYMBIRHYNCHUS MACRORHYNCHUS.

Todus macrorhynchus, Gmelin. (Gould, Birds of Asia.)

Todus nasutus, Latham. (Temm. Pl. Col. 154.)

Eurylaimus lemniscatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 296.

BuronG Parano or Tampatano of the Malays in Sumatra.

(Raffles. )

Burone Usun. (Eyton.)

“This species,” says Sir Stamford Raffles, “is found in the inte-

rior of Sumatra, frequenting the banks of rivers and lakes, and feed-

ing on insects and worms. It builds its nest pendent from the

branch of a tree or bush which overhangs the water, and is said to

lay two eggs.”

Mr. Blyth also remarks : “This bird is common in Tenasserim in

watery situations, and suspends its nearly globular nest, which is

constructed of small twigs, from the branches of trees growing

directly out of the water. The eggs are four in number, and pale

spotless blue. The beak and eyes are very fine blue, the former

fading within a day or two after death.”

38. CALYPTOMENA VIRIDIS, Raffles. Horsf. Zool. Res. in Java.

Temm. Pl. Col. 216.

Calyptomena Rafflesii et C. caudacuta, Swainson.

Burone Tampo of the Malays in Sumatra. (Raffles.)

S1zso of the Malays. (Eyton.)

Not uncommon at Pinang.

39. EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS.

Coracias orientalis, Linnzeus.

Eurystomus cyanicollis et EB. fuscicapillus, Vieillot.

Eurystomus calornyx, Hodgson.

TronG Baru of the Malays in Sumatra. (Raftles.)

Tione Lampay of the Malays. (Eyton.)

268

40. DaceLo pULCHELLA, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p.

175. Zool. Res. in Java (with a figure of the male).

Dacelo buccoides, Temminck, Pl. Col. 277 3. 586 °.

TeNGKE-watu of the Javanese (Horsf.), and Karine Kaine

Kimpa of the Malays (Eyton).

“This is an extremely rare and local bird,’ says Dr. Horsfield,

“and I found it once only, in a low range of hills, about twenty

miles south-east of Samarang, known in the central parts of the

island (Java) by the name of the hills of Prowoto. Here a single

[male] bird was obtained in the forest.”

Several examples of both sexes were collected at Malacca.

41. HaLcyon LEUCOCEPHALUS.

Alcedo leucocephala, Gmelin.

H. javanica, Shaw.

H. Gurial, Pearson, J. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 633.

H. brunniceps, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. XIII. p. 143.

The white-headed and Gurial Kingfishers of Latham.

TenGKEBUTO of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Bane-Kako of the Malays of Sumatra (Raffles).

Burone-Kaka of the Malays (Eyton).

GuriAt of the Bengalese (Buch. Hamilt.).

Matau-Poyrmag, i.e. “jungle kingfisher,” of the inhabitants of

Malabar (Jerdon).

I do not see sufficient distinction between the Malayan and Indian

birds to warrant their separation.

42. HALCYON ATRICAPILLUS.

Alcedo atricapilla, Gmelin.

H. pileata (Bodd) apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 79.

Burone Upane of the Malays of Sumatra (Raffles).

This would appear to be tolerably common at Pinang, at which

place this species was collected. Also inhabits India.

43. HALCYON SMYRNENSIS.

Alcedo smyrnensis, Linneeus. Strickland, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1842),

p- 443.

Alcedo fusca, Boddaért.

Found at Pinang and Malacca.

44, TopIRAMPHUS VARIUS.

Halcyon varia, Eyton, P. Z. S., 1839, p. 101. Blyth, J. A. 8.

Beng. XV. p. 11.

«Adult male (and perhaps the adult of either sex) have the cap

green, rufescent on the forehead, and margined posteriorly with

verditer ; a broad black stripe commences at the lores, and meets its

opposite behind ; above this is a very large rich purplish-blue mou-

stache, commencing at the base of the lower mandible ; the nape and

breast are brilliant ferruginous, paling on the throat and belly, and

the mantle, wings and tail, are deep purplish-blne, each feather

touched with ultramarine-blue on the wings, while the rump and

269

upper tail-coverts are vivid verditer ; bordering the ferrugino us of

the nape is a band of deep black. Bill dusky above, the rest appa-

rently yellow; and less probably coral-red. The young have the

mantle and wings dark-green, with a terminal pale fulvous spot on

each feather, imparting a pretty speckled appearance.”

Two examples of this fine kingfisher were collected at Malacca.

45. TopIRAMPHUS COLLARIS.

Alcedo collaris, Scopoli.

Halcyon collaris, Swainson, Zool. Ill. t. 577.

Todiramphus collaris, Blyth, Catal.

Alcedo chlorocephala, Gmelin.

Alcedo chlorocephala et A. sacra, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc.

XIII. p. 174.

Todiramphus occipitalis, Blyth, J. A.8. Beng. XV. pp. 23. 51.

The white-collared kingfisher.

TrenGkKeE seu TENGKE-CHEGER of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Nac-Tua-Cuép-Fovu of the Siamese (Finlayson).

“ Trides dark brown; legs shining greenish grey.””—Cantor. A

single specimen procured at Pinang.

46. ALCEDO BENGALENSIS, Gmelin.

Rasa-Wuopan of the Malays.

From Pinang.

47. AtceEpDO MENINTING, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.

p- 172. Temm. Pl. Col. 239. f. 2.

Alcedo asiatica, Swainson, Zool. Ill. n.s. t. 50.

MewnintT1nG of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Bint of the Malays of Sumatra (Raffles).

Three examples of this exceedingly beautiful species procured at

Malacca.

48. CERYLE RUDIS.

Alcedo rudis, Linnzeus.

Ispida bicincta et I. bitorquata, Swainson.

A single specimen from Keddah.

49. Cryx TRIDACTYLA.

Alcedo trydactyla, Linnzeus, Mant. (1771), p. 524. Pallas, Spic.

Pool. vi..t..2. f. 1.

Ceyx tridactyla, Cuvier, Rég. Anim. (1817), p.417. Jerdon, Ill.

Ind. Orn. t. 25. Strickl. P. Z. 8S. (1846), p. 99.

Alcedo purpurea, Gmelin.

Alcedo rubra, Boddaért.

Alcedo erythaca, var. 3. Latham.

Ceyx luzoniensis, Stephens.

Ceyx microsoma, Burton.

Sonn. Voy. Ind. t. 32. Buff. PI. Enl. 778, f. 2. Penn. Gen.

Birds, t. 5.

270

Rasa Wuopan of the Malays (Eyton).

Dein-NGYEEN of the Arracanese (Blyth).

This is a rare bird on the continent of India. It has been ob-

tained in the Carnatic by Mr. Jerdon, and it has also been found,

though rarely, on the west coast, and in the Deccan. A single

specimen has been obtained in Nepal by Mr. Hodgson, which exactly

agrees with Jerdon’s figure and those obtained from Pinang by Dr.

Cantor. It occurs in Arracan, where it appears to be not very un-

common.

50. Ceyx ruFiporsa, Strickland, P. Z. 8. 1846, p. 99.

dlcedo tridactyla apud Horsfield et Raffles.

Ceyx tridactyla apud Jardine et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 55. f. 2.

Alcedo purpurea, var. Shaw.

CuucHACcK-wRanG of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Binti ARANG of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

Distinguished from the last by having the whole back and wing-

coverts, as well as the crown, rump and tail rufous, with a brilliant

lilac tint. The dark blue spot on the front and ears is much less

marked than in C. tridactyla. Lower parts orange-yellow, chin

white.

51. Tcuirrea arrinis, A. Hay, J. A. 8. Beng. 1846, p. 292.

Tchitrea paradisi of Malasia, Auctorum.

? Muscipeta castanea, Temminck.

The Malayan Paradise Flycatcher.

The inferior size, and the much shorter and different-looking crest,

afford invariable distinctions, by which this species may be recognized

apart from T'ch. paradisi.

52. PHILENTOMA VELATUM.

Drymophila velata, Temminck, Pl. Col. 334. (the male.)

Monarcha velata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 260.

Monarcha cesia, Lesson, Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 167. (the female.)

Muscicapa pectoralis, Hay, Madras Journ. XIII. pt. 2. p. 161.

Myiagra pectoralis, Strickland, P. Z. 8. 1846, p. 101.

The general colour of this bird is dark indigo-blue ; the male dif-

fering from the female in having a rich claret-coloured breast, black

throat, cheeks, superciliary stripe and forehead, while in the female

the whole plumage is uniform blue, though perhaps darkest on the

throat and breast.

53. HEMICHELIDON LATIROSTRIS.

Muscicapa latirostris, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 312.

Muscicapa poonensis, Sykes, P. Z. 8S. 1832, p. 85.

“Colour, greyish-brown above, sometimes a little tinged with ru-

fescent ; throat, gorget, belly, and under tail-coverts white, with a

slight fulvous tinge on the former; the breast and flanks dull ashy

brown, as also the front of the neck contiguous to the ear-coverts,

where but a narrow mesial line of fulvous-white passes from the

271

throat to the gorget ; bend of the wing beneath, and axillaries, pale

fulvous brown; a whitish streak from the nostril to the eye; bill

horny black, basal half of the lower mandible yellow.

* Length, 42Zthsi nches ; of wing 2#ths ; tail 1iths; bill to forehead

(through the feathers) } an inch, to gape 3ths ; tarse 4 an inch.”

I have carefully compared the specimens from Pinang with those

collected in Dukhun by Colonel Sykes, and find they exactly agree in

every character.

54. MyraGRA AZUREA.

Muscicapa azurea, Boddaért.

Muscicapa cerulea, Gmelin. (Raffles.)

Muscicapa occipitalis, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 97.

Muscicapa ceruleocephala, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 85 (the fe-

male).

Azure-headed flycatcher, Lath. LeVaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 153.

55. RHIPIDURA JAVANICA.

Muscicapa javanica, Sparrmann, Mus. Carls. III. t. 75; Horsfield,

Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 146.

Platyrhynchus perspicillatus, Vieillot.

The Javan Flycatcher, Lath.

SrKaTTAn of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Moorat-Kanpane of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

56. CRYPTOLOPHA CINEREOCAPILLA.

Muscicapa cinereocapilla, Vieillot.

Platyrhynchus ceylonensis et Cryptolopha poiocephala, Swainson,

Zool. Ill. n. s. t. 13. Nat. Lib. Flyc., p. 200. t. 23.

Muscicapa nitida, var. A. Latham.

I believe this bird has not hitherto been noticed as an inhabitant

of the Islands ; a single specimen, however, was obtained at Malacca.

57. PERICROCOTUS SPECIOSUS.

Turdus speciosus, Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 363.

Muscipeta princeps, Vigors. Gould, Century, t. 7.

A single male bird from Keddah.

58. Cuapria MALAyENs!s, Lord A. Hay, J. A. 8. Beng. 1846,

p- 294. Blyth’s Catal. p. 200.

? Drymonax niger, Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 167.

The Malayan Bronze Shrike.

Distinguished from Ch. enea by its inferior size, much less deeply

forked tail, shorter wing, and by its deeper bill.

59. DicRURUS BALICASSIUS.

Corvus balicassius, Linnzeus.

Dicrurus balicassius, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 800; XV.

p- 298. Strickland, P. Z. 8. 1846, p. 102.

Oriolus furcatus, Gmelin.

Bhuchanga annectens, Hodgson, Ind. Rev. 1. p. 326.

272

Dicrurus afinis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 174.

Specimens from Nepal and Dacca (the latter collected by Capt.

R. C. Tytler), which I have examined, agree in every respect with

those from Malacca.

60. DicruRUS MALABARICUS, Scopoli.

Edolius malabaricus, Horsfield. (Raffles).

Edolius retifer, Temminck, Texte de Pl. Col. 178.

Edolius Rangoonensis, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1836, p. 5.

The Racquet-tailed Drongo.

Burone Saweu of the Malays in Sumatra (Rafiles).

Cuanwi of the Malays (Eyton).

Has a very short erect frontal crest.

61. ENNEOCTONUS CRISTATUS, founded on Edward’s B. t. 54.

but the species is not crested).

Lanius cristatus, Linneeus.

? L. lucionensis, Linnzeus.

L. phenicurus, Pallas.

L. rutilus, var. A. Latham.

L. superciliosus, var. A. Latham, Hist. ii. p. 37.

L. melanotis, Valenc.

L. ferrugiceps, Hodgson, Ind. Rev. i. p. 446.

A specimen from Pinang agreeing exactly with those from India.

62. ENNEOCTONUS SUPERCILIOSUS.

Lanius superciliosus, Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. 20 ; Gen. Hist.

ii. p. 36.

This I believe to be a distinct species from the last, contrary to

the opinion formed by the late Mr. Strickland and others. Several

specimens were collected at Pinang.

63. ENNEOCTONUS TIGRINUS.

Lanius tigrinus, Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat.

L. magnirostris, Lesson, in Belanger’s Voyage.

L. strigatus, Eyton, P. Z.S. 1839, p. 103.

? L. ferox, Drapiez.

Srerara of the Malays (Eyton).

64. TEPHRODORNIS GULARIS.

Lanius gularis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 304.

L. virgatus, Temminck, Pl. Col. 256. f. 1.

Barov Barov of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles) .

Burone Tana of the Malays (Eyton).

65. LALAGE ORIENTALIS.

Turdus orientalis, Gmelin.

Ceblepyris striga, Horsfield.

Pycnonotus humeraloides, Lesson.

Sylvia leucophea, Vieillot (nec Latham).

Sazicola orientalis, Vieillot.

273

Lenserran of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Kras of the Malays (Eyton).

Lord Arthur Hay has described* a species of this genus from

Malacca, under the name of Ceblepyris culminatus.

66. Eurrtres macrocercus, Temm. Pl. Col. 516; Strickl.

P.Z.S. 1846, p. 102.

Burone Tana Rimpa of the Malays (Cantor).

This form appears to belong to the subfamily Myiotherina, a

group which includes the following genera, viz. :

Eupetes, Hodgsonius, Callene, Drymocataphus, Brachypteryz,

Tesia, Troglodytes, Pitta, and others.

Three specimens of this curious bird were obtained at Malacca.

67. DRYMOCATAPHUS NIGROCAPITATUS.

Brachypteryx nigrocapitata, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 103.

Drymocataphus nigrocapitatus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. 1849,

~ OLD.

4 Colour of the upper parts rufous brown, of the under bright

ferruginous ; throat white, flanked by a black streak; cap black,

bordered by a white superciliary streak and loral feathers; ear-

coverts dusky, minutely lneated with white, and posteriorly with

rufous ; sides of the head ashy; bill horny black above, yellow be-

neath ; legs brownish.

Length 61 inches; of wing, 23ths, and tail the same, its outer-

most feather Sths shorter; bill to forehead, through the feathers,

iiths ; to gape, iths; and tarse, 14th of an inch. Malacca.

68. PITTa CHRULEA.

Myjiothera cerulea, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 301.

Pitta gigas, Temm. Pl. Col. 217.

- Both sexes of this large species were obtained at Malacca.

69. Prrra Boscu1, Miiller et Schlegel, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned.

Ind. Av. pp. 5, 16. t.1.

Pitta elegans, Less. Voy. dela Bon. Ois. t. 3 (nec Temm. Pl. Col.).

Pitta elegans of Temm. apud Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. p. 256.

Pitta afinis apud Raffles.

Sintar of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

Distinguished from P. cyanura by its smaller size, and by the

yellow superciliary streak extending round the black of the crown,

and brightening to fiery-red on the nape; the white on the wings

is broader, and the male has the breast and abdomen of a beau-

tiful smalt-blue, crossed transversely on the sides of the former

with a number of fiery-red narrow bars, and more sparingly so on

the centre. In the female the breast and abdomen is marked

throughout with numerous narrow bluish-black bars, nearly as in

P. cyanura, and tinged with red between the bars on the sides.

* Madras Journal, xiii. p. 157, 1844.

No. CCLXXVII.—ProcrrpinGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

274

Three specimens, two males and a female, of this beautiful species,

were obtained at Malacca.

70. Pirra cucutuata, Hartlaub, Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 65;

Strickl. Ann. N. H, xii. p. 410. t. 20.

Pitta nigricollis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 960.

Pitta rhodogaster, Hodgson (the young).

Pitta Schlegeli, Bonap.

Pitta malaccensis apud Schlegel.

Distinguished by its rufous-brown crown; throat, sides of the

head and neck all round being black ; upper parts and wings darkish

green, paler below; the lesser wing-coverts and rump bright glossy

azure ; middle of belly, vent and under tail-coverts, crimson.

This species is also found in Nepal and Assam.

71. Prrra cyANopTEeRA, Temminck, Pl. Col. 218.

Myiothera brachyura apud Raffles, Traus. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 300.

Pitta malaccensis apud Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xii. p. 960.

Common in the countries eastward of the Bay of Bengal, from

Arracan to Malacca. This would appear to be common in the

neighbourhood of Pinang, at which place Dr. Cantor obtained several

examples.

72. Pitta GRANATINA, Temminck, Pl. Col. 506.

Pitta coccinea, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 104; Blyth, J. A. S.

Beng. xii. p. 961.

Morrva Puianno of the Malays (Eyton).

AuLo ALLO, ditto (Cantor).

A number of specimens of this fine species was obtained at

Malacca.

73. Grocicuia tnnotata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xv.

p. 370 (1846) ; xvi. p. 146.

Geocichla albogularis, Blyth (? the female).

Resembles G. citrina, but has the ferruginous colour of the head

and under parts, and the ash colour of its upper parts, much more

intense ; no white upon the wings; and the lower tail-coverts only

(not the vent) are white. The female is smaller and has the throat

white, and some white at the sides of the vent; the wings, rump

and tail, only, are deep ashy, the back and scapularies being olive-

green, much as in the female of G. citrina.

74. Turpus rurutus, Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat. x.

p- 443; Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p. 143.

Turdus modestus, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 103.

Turdus javanicus apud Blyth, Catalogue.

Srriée of the Javanese (Drapiez).

Kwaran of the Malays (Eyton).

Myar-noo-neuer of the Arracanese (Phayre).

“ Upper parts greenish olive-brown, with a dull white supeeatinin :

275

chin, and generally the median portion of the throat, with the belly

and lower tail-coverts white; breast and flanks brownish-fulvous,

brighter in old males; the throat and fore-neck streaked laterally

with olivaceous, which in some specimens crosses the breast above

the fulvous hue, and is more or less ashy ; others again, evidently

the old males, have the entire crown and neck all round, of a dusky

ash colour, mingled with white on the middle of the throat. Bill

dusky above, the basal two-thirds of the lower mandible yellow ; legs

pale brown.”

Length, 83 to 9 inches; of wing, 43 to 5; tail, 33.

‘«Inhabits the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal,” says Mr. Blyth,

“from Arracan to the Straits of Malacca, becoming more numerous

southward ;” and M. Drapiez mentions having received it from Java,

where it is a periodical visitant.

75. TURDINUS MACRODACTYLUS.

Malacopteron macrodactylum, Strick]. P. Z.S. 1846, p. 103.

Turdinus macrodactylus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 382.

Brachypteryz albogularis, Hartlaub, Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 401.

Tana of the Malays, Eyton.

Common at Malacca.

76. Tricarxos pyrruopyGa, Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 167.

Turdirostris superciliaris, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. xiii. pt. 11.

p- 163 (1844).

Napothera pyrrhomelanura, Miller.

Male—colour of the head, nape, back, chin, throat, breast, and

shoulders ashy-black, deepest above; a white superciliary streak

above but not beyond the eye; rump, upper tail-coverts and tail

bright rufous, the latter tipped with a broad deep brown-black

band; wings brown, margined with ashy; flanks and under tail-

coverts rufous, belly and vent whitish, washed with rufous; bill

black ; legs pale yellow.

Length, 83 inches; of wing, 4; tail, 4, its outermost feathers

shorter ; bill to front (through the feathers) 1),th; to gape, 12ths;

tarse, 1,1,th.

In the young or female the plumage above is brown mixed with

rufous; the forehead, round the eyes, chin, throat, breast, flanks,

and under tail-coverts dusky rufous, whitish on the middle of the

belly and vent; the wings brown, the coverts tipped with rufous ;

the bill is rather shorter and thicker, and is of a horny colour above,

yellowish below at base.

77. Macronus pritosus, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 150 (1835).

Timalia trichorros, Temm. Pl. Col. 594. f. 1 (1836).

Burone Tanat-uBan of the Malays, Blyth.

78. MaLacorpTERON CORONATUM.

Napothera coronata, Miller, Mus. Lugd.; Bonap. Consp. Gen.

Av. p. 358.

Malacopteron magnum apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 461.

276

Colour olive-brown above, greyish towards the neck, more rufous

over the rump, and the tail brownish ferruginous; forehead and

vertex bright rufous, the feathers narrow-spatulate, of rigid texture,

and tipped with black; occiput black; the small feathers around

the eye white-centred: lower parts white, slightly tinged with

brown, more especially on the sides of the breast. Bill and feet

pale, the former darker above.

Length, nearly 6 inches; of wing, 2iths ; tail, 23ths ; bill to gape,

3ths; and tarse, 3ths of an inch.

Not uncommon at Malacca.

79. TiIMALIA MACULATA, Temminck, Pl. Col. 593. f. 1.

Timalia pectoralis, Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. xi. p. 793.

Malacopteron squamatum, Eyton.

Pampane of the Malays, Eyton.

80. TrIMALIA NIGRICOLLIS, Temminck, Pl. Col. 594. f. 2.

Timalia erythronota, Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. xi. p. 793.

Brachypteryx nigrogularis, Eyton.

Burone Tanau of the Malays, Eyton.

81. TrmaLia ERYTHROPTERA, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 794

(1842).

Timalia pyrrhophea, Hartlaub.

Brachypteryx acutirostris, Kyton.

Upper parts rufous olive-brown, darker on the head; the wings

bright rufo-ferruginous ; forehead, sides of head, throat, fore-neck

and breast, ash-colour, becoming paler towards the belly; flanks

pale fulvous-brown ; bill dusky, and legs yellowish.

Length, 5 inches; of wing, 24; tail, 2; its outermost feather

3 of an inch shorter than the middle ones; bill to forehead, $ths ;

to gape, $ths ; tarse, $ths of an inch.

82. TRICHASTOMA ROSTRATUM, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xi.

p-. 795 (1842).

Colour of the upper parts uniform olive-brown, somewhat darker

on the crown, and having a slight ruddy tinge on the rump and

tail; the whole under part pure white, a little sullied on the breast

and lower tail-coverts; lores and sides of the head pale fulvescent-

brown, and sides of the neck to the breast ashy ; upper mandible

horny-black, lower yellowish-white, except at its extreme tip; legs

deeply tinged with yellowish-brown.

Length, about 6 inches; of wing, 23ths; tail, 2, its outermost

feather, 3ths shorter : bill to forehead (through the feathers), $ths ;

to gape, 13ths; tarse the same.

83. ALCIPPE CINEREA.

Malacopteron cinereum, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 103.

Alcippe cinerea, Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. xii. p. 384.

‘«Trides grey; bill blackish; feet reddish-grey, soles dirty orange.

Food, seeds and insects.”>—Dr. Cantor’s Notes.

277

84. Auciprre AFFINIs, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 795 (1842),

xili. p. 384.

Napothera atricapilla, Miller, Mus. Lugd. ; Bonap. Consp. Gen.

Av. p. 359.

Burone Niva of the Malays (Cantor).

Distinguished by its dark crown, pale nape, rufescent hue of the

back and rump, and deep ferruginous tail-feathers, white under

parts, and distinct brownish-grey band crossing the breast.

Length, 53 inches ; of wing, 25ths ; tail, 25, its outermost feather,

5ths shorter ; bill to forehead (through the feathers), 3ths ; to gape,

18ths ; and tarse, ths of an inch.

85. Aucrpre Cantort, Moore, n. sp.

Upper parts olive-brown, tinged with rufous on the rump; crown

ash-brown, much lighter than in A. affinis, nape paler ; lores, above

and behind the eyes, with the ear-coverts, ashy-white ; throat, belly,

vent and under tail-coverts white, breast mingled white and ash ;

wings rufescent-brown, the remiges with brighter margins ; upper

tail-coverts and tail deep rufo-ferruginous, darkening towards the

tip ; bill horny above, pale below; feet greenish.

Length, nearly 74 inches; of wing, 3; tail, 31th ; bill to frontal

plumes, + an inch; to gape, 3ths ; and tarse, }$ths of an inch.

Distinguished from A. afinis and A. albogularis, Blyth, by its

larger size, and longer wings and tail. Malacca.

86. ALcripPE MAGNIROSTRIS, Moore, n. sp.

Upper parts olive-brown, darkest on the crown and palest on the

nape, and tinged with rufous on the rump, the feathers of the crown

spatulate, and with a perceptibly darker shaft and margin; lores

and streak over, but not beyond the eye, whitish ; base of the lower

mandible down the sides of the throat, with the tips of some of the

feathers of the cheeks dark-ash ; throat, belly, vent and under tail-

coverts white ; sides of the breast ashy-olive, the centre more ashy ;

wings rufescent-brown ; upper tail-coverts and tail deep rufo-ferru-

ginous ; bill horny above, paler below ; feet greenish.

Length, 6 inches; of wing, 3; tail, 23ths; bill to frontal plumes,

;f;ths ; to gape, ;%ths; tarse, }4ths of an inch.

May be known from the other described species by its larger and

more robust bill, and by the dark-ash streak down the sides of the

throat. Malacca.

87. AucippE striata, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 793 (1842).

? Myiothera epilepidota, Temm. PI. Col. 448. f. 2.

Head and neck above black, or rather brown-black, the feathers

of the mesial line white about the shaft, forming a streak of this

colour along the middle of the head, besides which there are two slight

lateral streaks not observable in every specimen, in addition to a

superciliary line of the same; on the nape the white centres of the

feathers are broader and more irregularly disposed, while on the

back they become much narrower again, more or less so in different

278

specimens, and wholly disappear on the rump; the ground hue of

the back and rump is rich fulvous brown, brightening on the latter,

and tending to rufous on the upper tail-coverts ; lores conspicuously

pale fulvous; throat and fore-neck fulvous white, the ear-coverts

margined with black ; sides of the breast white, handsomely bordered

with black, and with a very slight margin of the same on the

medial pectoral feathers; rest of the under parts white, the flanks

bordered with fulvous brown, which spreads nearly over the whole

feather posteriorly ; lower tail-coverts more or less tinged with the

same ; wing feathers dusky interiorly, the coverts having terminal

longitudinal white spots; tail ruddy brown, margined with more

rufous brown at base; bill black ; legs yellowish.

Length, 53 inches; of wing, 24 to 2ths; tail, 2; bill to fore-

head (through the feathers), 5ths; to gape, 2ths; and tarse, $ths of

an inch.

88. PYCNONOTUS JOCOSUS.

Lanius jocosus, Linneeus.

Izxos monticolus, McClelland.

Izos pyrrhotis, Hodgson.

Izxos erythrotis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. p. 265.

Otocompsa jocosa, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 109 (1851).

Differs from the Indian examples only in having a much shorter

sub-ocular tuft of a deeper crimson colour.

“In fine examples of Indian specimens,” remarks Mr. Blyth,

“the longest of the hair-like plumes composing this ornamental tuft

measures above ths of an inch, passing considerably beyond the

extremities of the white ear-coverts, and impending their upper

half; while in equally fine specimens from Malacca, they appear as

if truncated, and impend only the basal third of the white ear-

coverts: in other respects the two birds are exactly similar.”

89. PYCNONOTUS GOIAVIER.

Muscicapa goiavier, Scopoli.

Muscicapa Psidii, Gmel.

Turdus analis, Horsfield.

Loedorusa goiavier, Reichenb. (1850) Cat. B. Mus. Heine,

. 109.

3 Guava Flycatcher, Latham.

Cuucuak of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Brriesa of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

This species is extremely common at Pinang.

90. Ixip1a cyaniventRIS, Blyth, J.A.S. Beng. xi.p.792 (1841).

Malacopteron aureum, Eyton, Anu. Nat. Hist. xvi. p. 228.

Turdus, No. 6. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 311.

Common in the vicinity of the Straits of Malacca.

91. BRacHYPODIUS MELANOCEPHALUS.

Lanius melanocephalus, Gmelin.

279

Brachypodius melanocephalus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xiv. p. 576.

Tzxos atriceps, Temm. Pl. Col. 147.

Ixos metallicus, Eyton, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 228.

Burone Litin of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

Box-wa of the Arracanese (Phayre).

92. MicroTaRsus MELANOLEUCOS, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 102

(male).

Brachypodius tristis, Blyth, J.A.S. Beng. 1845, p. 576 (female).

Ivos vidua, Temm. Mus. Lugd. ; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. p. 264

(1850).

Several specimens of this species, in various states of plumage,

were obtained at Malacca, where it is not very uncommon. The adult

male may be distinguished by its uniform sooty-black appearance,

the wing-coverts being white with blackish tips; whereas, in the

young, the whole upper plumage is of a plain brown, under parts

paler, especially on the abdomen and throat ; the rump of a dusky

colour, with dull yellowish-brown terminal fringes, and having no

trace of the white on the wing-coverts.

A specimen of what may possibly be a state of plumage, or the

female of this bird, has the head, back, rump and shoulders of an

olive-green colour; wings dusky, ferruginous on the outer webs, and

margined with olive-green ; coverts rufous olive-green; tail rufous,

paler below, the feathers of the rump copious ; flanks dusky, with a

broad yellowish-white tip to most of the feathers; throat white, the

breast brownish-grey ; fore part of abdomen white tinged with yellow,

the latter colour becoming brighter on the vent and under tail-coverts.

Bill and feet dark horn colour.

Length, 73 inches; of wing, 38ths; tail, 33ths; bill to gape,

?ths ; and tarse, rather more than } an inch.

If new, M. Cantori, Moore.

93. CrintGer Cantor, Moore, n. sp.

Crown deep ash, the feathers brown at base, becoming paler on the

nape, and passing to yellowish olive-green on the back, rump and

shoulders ; wings rufous-brown, edged with olive-green ; tail rufous-

brown, edged with paler ; lores, ear-coverts and sides of neck pale-ash ;

base of lower mandible and throat white; rest of the under parts

bright yellow ; bill horn-colour above, paler below; feet yellowish.

Length, 71 inches; of wing, 3}; tail, 31; bill to gape, ;%ths ;

and tarse, + an inch.

The nuchal hair-like barbs are well developed in this species.

Like C. gularis, Horsfield, it is not crested. Malacca.

94. TRACHYCOMUS OCHROCEPHALUS.

Turdus ochrocephalus, Gmelin; Horsf.; Temm. Pl. Col. 136.

Trichophorus crispiceps, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xi. pp. 186, 204.

Trachycomus ochrocephalus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,

p. 109 (1851).

Cuvucuak-rawa of the Javanese (Horsf.).

280

Barov Barov of the Malays (Eyton).

“‘Trides dark brown, bill and feet black. Very loquacious.” —

Cantor.

95. HypsrpeTES MALACCENSIS, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. (1845)

p: 974.

Cutap of the Malays (Blyth).

Upper parts dull olive-green ; the wings and tail brownish dusky,

margined with the colour of the back ; throat and breast ashy, with

whitish centres to the feathers; the abdomen and lower tail-coverts

dull white ; bend of the wing beneath, and the axillaries pale yellow ;

bill and feet horn colour; feathers of the trown pointed.

Length, 83 inches; of wing, 4; tail, 33, its outermost feather +

inch less; bill to gape, 13th; and tarse, {ths of an inch.

96. PHYLLORNIS JAVENSIS.

Meliphaga javensis, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 152. ¢g.

(1820).

Chloropsis Sonneratii, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. text to t. 7 (1826)

et t. 100.

Phyllornis Miillerit, Temm. Texte de Pl. Col.

Turdus viridis, Horsf. (yun. ¢ ).

Chloropsis gampsorhynchus, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 7 (jun.).

Chloropsis zosterops, Vigors, App. Mem. Raffles, p. 674.

Cuucuack-1su (3), Isoan (¢) of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Davn or Dawovun of the Malays (Eyton).

97. PHYLLORNIS CYANOPOGON, Temminck, Pl. Col. 512. f. 1.

Phyllornis molluccensis, J. E. Gray, Zool. Mise. 1832, p. 33

(adult male); Strickl. P. Z. 8. 1846, p. 100.

Phyllornis malabaricus apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 957.

Phyllornis cochinchinensis apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii.

p- 309; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 565; Moore, Catal. Birds

Mus. E. I. Comp. p. 260.

Burone Daun of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

The adult male of this species is well figured by Temm. Pl. Col.

512. f. 1, and may be distinguished by having the lores, base of

bill, chin, throat and fore-neck black; the head, neck, and sur-

rounding the black of the throat light yellow, somewhat rufes-

cent on the neck; a small short moustachial streak of brilliant

smalt-blue at the base of the lower mandible ; wings and tail tinged

with fine blue, with a verdigris patch on the shoulder of the wing.

The young, or female, has the forehead, throat, and region of the

eyes green, and a fulvous tinge on the crown only, the wings having

ee verdigris wing-patch, and, together with the tail, tinged with

ue.

98. PHYLLORNIS MyYSTACALIS, Swainson, 24 Cent. p. 296 (1818)

(young).

Phyllornis malabaricus, Temm. (nec Gmel.) Pl. Col. 512. f. 2.

281

Phyllornis cyanopogon, apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 564.

Phyllornis icterocephalus (Temm.), Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 396.

Lores, base of bill, chin and throat black, with a faint tinge of

yellow around them, and having asmalt-blue moustachial streak; the

crown slightly tinged with fulvescent, the rest of the upper parts,

with the wings and tail, wholly green, paler beneath. The young

or female has the whole upper parts wholly green, the lower pale

greenish-yellow, and the moustachial streak light blue.

Query.—lIs the bird in Temm. PI. Col. 484. f. 2. the true Cochin-

chinensis, Gmel. ?

99. Iora scaputarts, Horsf. Zool. Res. in Java (the female).

Tora viridissima, Temm. Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. p. 397 (the

male).

Curro of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Burone Caras of the Malays (Eyton).

“The male of this species,’ according to Mr. Blyth, “has the

throat and fore-neck dark green, uniform with the upper parts, and

no yellow except on the orbital feathers.”

“This is a bird of social habits, and resorts to the vicinity of

human dwellings ; indeed, it appears to have retired from the forests,

and established itself in the trees and hedges which surround the

villages and plantations. The structure of its wings does not enable

it to take long-continued excursions, but it shows itself by short and

frequent flights between the trees and branches. It is most lively

in the middle of the day, when, under a burning sun, the inhabit-

ants uniformly retire to rest; early in the morning, and towards

the approach of night, it is rarely perceived ; but during the silence

prevailing at noon it enlivens the village with the song of Cheetoo,

Cheetoo, which it repeats at short intervals during its sportive sallies

between the branches. It feeds on small insects, and its economy

is in some measure illustrated by the comparative length and sharp-

ness of the bill, and by the broken and splintery state in which the

claws are frequently found. The lamine, or plates which compose

them, are separated, and the sides are marked with small fissures,

which appear to be occasioned by incessant use in scraping the bark

off trees.” —Horsfield.

Obtained at Pinang and Malacca, and those all females.

100. IorA TYPHIA.

Motacilla typhia, Linneus (Edw. B. t. 79).

Ficedula bengalensis, Briss.

Motacilla subviridis, Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. ii. p. 577.

Cuautuck of the Bengalese (Hamilton).

101. OrtoLus 1npicus, Brisson; Jerdon, Ill. Ind. Orn. t. 15 ;

Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xv. p. 47.

Oriolus chinensis et O. cochinchinensis of India, Auctorum.

Oriolus chinensis apud Raffles.

282

Tione Axov or Puntinc Axtovu of the Malays in Sumatra

(Rafiles).

“Tris greyish-rose; bill reddish-buff; feet greenish-grey.”—

Cantor.

«Rather a rare bird in India generally, but in the countries east-

ward of the Bay of Bengal it is generally common, as in Arracan,

the Tenasserim provinces, and Malayan peninsula ; also in China.” —

Blyth.

102. OrtoLus xantuonotus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii.

p- 152 (Zool. Res. in Java).

Oriolus leucogaster, Remw. Temm. Pl. Col. 214 ¢ 9.

Oriolus castanopterus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 796°.

Attar of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Sepone Rayare or Simpetone Rarr of the Malays (Eyton).

103. Irena MALAYANA, Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E. I, Comp.

p-. 274.

Trena puella of the Malay countries, Auctorum. (Horsf. Zool.

Res. in Java, g 9; Temm. Pl. Col. 70. 225. 476.)

Bressi of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Brane Kavoor of the Malays in Sumatra (Rafiles).

Quayanc or Krovurne of the Malays (Eyton).

The distinction between the Indian and Malayan Irena was first

pointed out by Lord Arthur Hay; to the former he gave the name

of I. indica, but as the specimen described by Latham was from

India, the name pueda will apply to those from the Continent only ;

the Malayan species is consequently without a name, and the name

malayana is proposed for it. In the I. malayana the under tail-

coverts reach quite to the end of the tail; while in J. puella, Lath.,

they are never less than an inch and a quarter short of the tail-tip

in the males, and generally an inch and a half in the females.

“In Java,’ remarks Dr. Horsfield, “this species inhabits woods

and forests, feeding on fruits and wild grains. It is a very rare bird,

and confined to a few districts, where it conceals itself on solitary

hills, distant from the habitations of man, preferring rather elevated

and cool situations. I met with it only in the western parts of the

island ; once in the province of Banyumas, and a second time on the

ridges of hills situated south-west from Buitenzorg. It is also found

in the interior of Sumatra and the adjacent islands.”

104. CopsycHUS MINDANENSIS™.

Turdus mindanensis, Gmelin.

Lanius musicus, Raffles (excl. syn.).

Gryllivora magnirostra, G. rosea, et G. brevirostra, Swains.

Moorar or Moorat Kicnov of the Malays in Sumatra ( Rafiles).

Common at Pinang and Malacca.

* Copsychus amenus, Horsfield, differs from this in having the whole under

parts entirely black in the male, and slaty-grey in the female.

283

105. KirracINCLA MACROURA.

Turdus macrourus, Gmel. (Lath. Syn. 111. t. 39; Levaill. Ois.

@ Afr. t.114; Kittl. Kupf. Voeg. t. 11. f. 1.)

Turdus tricolor, Vieill.

Grillivora longicauda, Swains.

Kittacincla macroura, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 7.

Suama of the Bengalese (Hamilton).

Larwa of the Javanese (Horsf.).

Murasuta of the Malays (Eyton).

Cuanccnoor of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

«The Shdmd is reputed to be the finest of oriental songsters ; be-

sides which it has a considerable propensity to imitation, and one in

my possession learned to give the crow of a cock to perfection, also

the notes of the Coe! (Eudynamis orientalis), the chatter of a troop

of Saat Bhyes (Malacocircus canorus), &c. Many thousands of

these elegant birds are kept in cages in Calcutta, and the universally

absurd practice is to darken their cages by wrapping them with

several folds of cloth, enough to stifle the luckless captives in this

climate, though it must be confessed they sing most vigorously while

thus circumstanced, but certainly not more so than mine, which were

exposed to the light and air. It is a practice of the rich natives to

employ servants to carry about their Shdmds and other birds, and

the number which are thus borne about the streets of Calcutta is

astonishing ; the poor birds are shut out from all light and air, like

Mahommedan ladies enjoying (?) their evening drive, but they never-

theless (i. e. the birds) sing forth most lustily and melodiously.”” —

Blyth.

106. ZANTHOPYGIA TRICOLOR.

Muscicapa zanthopygia, Hay, Madras Journ. (1844) p. 162.

Muscicapa tricolor, Hartlaub, Rev. Zool. (1845) p. 406.

Zanthopygia leucophrys, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. (1847) p. 123.

«Colour of the male, deep black above, bright yellow below and

on the rump ; a large wing-spot, continued along two-thirds of the

outer edge of the largest tertiary, also a spot before and over the

eye, and the lower tail-coverts pure white; bill dusky-horn or

blackish ; legs brown. The female differs widely in being of a light

olive-green above, tinged with grey, especially on the head ; below

yellowish-albescent, the feathers of the fore-neck and breast margined

with the hue of the upper parts; rump, towards the tail, bright and

pure light-yellow ; the two great ranges of wing-coverts tipped, and

the tertiaries externally margined with white ; loral streak and the lower

tail-coverts dull-white ; bill dusky above, pale below, and legs pale.

“Length, 5 inches; of wing, 22ths ; tail, 1{ths; bill to gape,

Sths ; and tarse, barely {ths of an inch.”

A female only was obtained at Pinang.

107. EryTHRosTeRNA ERyTHACA, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1847,

p- 126.

« Closely allied in form and structure to E. leucura, Gmel. ; Muse.

284

parva of India; but the whole throat, breast, and fore-part of the

abdomen bright yellowish-ferruginous; two narrow whitish bands

across the wing, formed by the tips of the coverts; and the white

on the sides of the base of the tail much reduced (as compared with

E. leucura), occupying only the extreme base of the outermost tail-

feathers, and successively increasing in quantity upon the next four;

belly and lower tail-coverts pure white; the flanks fulvous-brown ;

behind the eye a whitish spot; a slight olivaceous tinge on the

upper-parts generally, and the tertials margined with whitish.

“Length, nearly 5 inches ; of wing 24ths; tail 1Zths; bill to gape

sths, and tarse the same.

“The female is probably without the rufous on the under-parts,

but would be distinguished from that of HZ. leucura by the narrow

whitish bands on the wing, and also by the reduced quantity of

white at the base of the tail.”’

From Malacca.

108. ORTHOTOMUS LONGICAUDA.

Motacilla longicauda et M. sutoria, Gmelin; Pennant, Ind. Zool.

i. p. 44.

Sylvia guzuratta, Lath.

Orthotomus Bennettii et O. lingoo, Sykes, P: Z. 8. 1832, p. 90.

Orthotomus ruficapilla, Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng. 1833, p. 504.

Orthotomus sphenurus, Swains. 21 Cent. p. 343 (1838).

Orthotomus patia, Hodgson, Gray’s Zool. Misc. 1844, p. 82.

Sutoria agilis, Nicholson, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 194.

The Tailor Bird.

Tuntunt of the Hindoos (Hamilton). PHutx1, Jerdon.

Partta (i.e. Leaf-bird), Nepalese (Hodgs.).

For observations on the habits of this interesting little bird, I

must refer the reader to the ‘ Catalogue of Birds in the Museum of

the East India Company,’ p. 316.

109. Enrcurus FrRONTALIS, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. (1847) p.156.

«Plumage black, with white lower abdomen, wing-band, rump,

and two outermost tail-feathers on each side, the other tail-feathers

white-tipped ; a triangular frontal crest of white feathers, evidently

erectile, those forming the apex being longer than the black coronal

feathers they impend. The young have the frontal crest much re-

duced.’’ Bill black, legs yellow.

Length, about 7 inches; of wing 34; tail 35ths; bill to frontal

plumes ths, to gape Zths; tarse 1 inch.

Distinguished from FL. Leschenaulti by its smaller size, less de-

veloped white trontal crest, shorter wings and tail, and smaller feet.

110. CaLoBATES SULPHUREA.

Motacilla sulphurea, Bechstein.

Motacilla boarula, Pennant (nec Linn.).

Motacilla bistrigata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 312.

Motacilla xanthoschistos, Hodgson, Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p.83.

J Wolf, lith

MALACOCICHLA DRYAS. Gozzdd.

285

Pallenura javensis, Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 250 (1850).

The Grey Wagtail.

Lett Lerrt of the Malays in Sumatra (Raffles).

111. BupyTes viripis.

Motacilla viridis, Linn.

Budytes Beema, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 90.

Budytes neglecta et B. flava, Jerdon, Madras Journ. xi. p. 9.

Budytes dubius, v. anthoides, Hodgson, Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844)

p- 83.

Budytes fulviventer et B. schisticeps, Hodgson, Gray’s Zool. Mise.

(1844) p. 83.

Prxxya of the Hindoos (Hamilton).

Bessit of the Javanese (Horsf.).

112. ANrHus maLayensis, Eyton, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 104.

Alauda pratensis, apud Raffles.

Anthus euonyx, Cabanis, Cat. Birds Mus. Heine, p. 14 (1850).

The Malayan Pipit.

Lancua Lancua or Hampa Puyv of the Malays in Sumatra

(Raffles).

Certainly a distinct species from the common 4. rufulus, Vieill.

[To be continued. ]

6. Description or A New Birp rrom GUATEMALA,

FORMING THE TYPE OF A NEW GENUS.

By Joun Gou tp, F.R.S. Etc.

(Aves, Pl. LXXV.)

Genus Mauacocicuta, Gould.

Gen. Char. Bill straight, shorter than the head; culmen keeled,

and slightly descending from the middle to the point ; tomiz nearly

straight ; upper mandible slightly notched at the tip; nostrils

placed in a deep depression on each side of the base of the bill;

rictus destitute of vibrisse ; wings semiconcaye, moderately long and

slightly rounded ; first quill very short, the fourth the longest ; tarsi

somewhat lengthened and with slight or delicate scutellations; middle

and hind toes very long; tail moderately long, somewhat concave,

and soft to the touch.

This form is closely allied to Grallaria and Chameza, and would

appear to unite the members of those genera to those of Turdus.

It is very elegant, all the parts being admirably proportioned ; and

the colours harmoniously arranged.

Matacocicuta Dryas. (Pl. LXXV.)

Head, cheeks and ear-coverts jet-black, the feathers of the crown

somewhat lengthened; back, wings and tail dark greenish-olive ;

centre of the throat and under surface pale buffy-yellow, blending

286

into the olive of the upper surface on the flanks ; the feathers of the

breast and upper part of the abdomen tipped with olive; bill and

eyelash orange-red ; legs and feet orange-yellow.

Total length 7 inches; billZ; wing 33; tail 22; tarsi 1};

toe and nail 1,4,; hind-toe and nail 3.

Hab. Guatemala.

Remark.—In size this bird is rather smaller than the European

Redwing, Turdus Ilacus.

middle

December 12, 1854.

R. C. Griffith, Esq. in the Chair.

The following papers were read :-—

1. DescripTions oF Firry-SEVEN NEw Species oF Her icra,

rrom Mr. Cumine’s CoLuLecTION.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1, Henrx amazonica, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, so-

lida, superne confertim undulato-plicata et subgranulata, fulva,

ad suturam et carinam rufo-maculata ; spira vix elevata, ob-

tusa; anfract. 53 parum convexis, regulariter accrescentibus,

ultimo non descendente, peripheria subacute carinato, basi in-

fiato, confertim radjato-striato, flavescenti-albido, rufo-multi-

fasciato ; umbilico angusto, pervio; apertura parum obliqua,

angulato-lunari, intus margaritacea; perist. breviter reflexo,

margine supero fere horizontaliter patente, basali arcuato,

columellari in laminam triangularem, fornicatam expanso.

Diam. maj. 51, min. 43, alt. 21 mill.

Hab. Banks of the Amazon.

2. Hewrx auris, Pfr. H. testa sinistrorsa, umbilicata, depressa,

ambitu subauriformi, tenui, oblique confertim striatula, su-

perne vie nitidula, isabellina; spira vie elevata, obtusa; su-

tura lineari, minutissime crenulata ; anfract. 45 vix convexis,

rapide acerescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria sub-

angulato, basi tumido, nitidiore ; apertura diagonali, subtetra-

gono-rotundata ; perist. simplice, marginibus subconniventibus,

externo recto, basali subincrassato, albo, juxta umbilicum an-

gustum, pervium triangulatim reflexo.

Diam. maj. 47, min. 37, alt. 22 mill.

Hab. Koondah Mountains near Calicut (Pirrie).

3. Heirx wnaquatis, Pfr. H. testa late umbilicata, depressa,

solida, oblique rugoso-plicatula, lineis spiralibus impresso-punc-

tatis, distantibus sculpta, nitidula, fusco-lutea, castaneo irre-

gulariter strigata, interdum fascia | latiuscula nigra infra

287

medium ornata; spira vie elevata ; anfract. 5 parum convexis,

sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria sub-

angulato, basi subplanato, nitidiore, radiato-striato ; umbilico

conico, + diametri subequante ; apertura parum obliqua, lu-

nato-rotundata, intus albo-callosa: perist. recto, marginibus

subconvergentibus ; dextro simplice, leviter antrorsum arcuato,

basali et columellari subincrassatis.

Diam. maj. 22, min. 194, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Isle of Pines, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

4. Hexix costunirera, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa,

tenui, subconferte arcuato-costata, diaphana, pallide cornea,

ad suturam castaneo-maculata, ceterum oblique rufo-strigata;

spira vie elevata ; sutura profunda; anfract. 5 parum conveais,

sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, depresso, peri-

pheria obsolete subangulato, basi planiusculo ; umbilico conico,

+ diametri subequante ; apertura diagonali, subquadrato-rotun-

data; perist. stmplice, recto, marginibus subconvergentibus,

dextro antrorsum arcuato, columellari brevi, subverticali.

Diam. maj. 63, min. 5, alt. 2 mill.

Hab. Isle of Pines, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

5. Hexix Prnicora, Pfr. 4. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenui,

confertim arcuato-plicata, haud nitente, corneo-lutea, ad su-

turam castaneo-maculata, ceterum strigis angulosis picta ;

spira plana ; anfract. 5 convewis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, terete ; umbilico 4 diametri equante, cyathi-

formi ; apertura parum obliqua, lunari ; perist. simplice, recto,

marginibus vie convergentibus, deatro arcuatim introrsum dila-

tato, columellari vix patente.

Diam. maj. 73, min. 63, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. Isle of Pines, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

6. Hewrx suspruptis, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, solt-

dula, oblique subruditer striata striisque spiralibus confertis,

sub lente decussata, opaca, albida, fascia lata violaceo-fusca ad

suturam, nonnullisque obsoletis cincta ; spira depresse conoidea,

apice obtusula, cornea ; anfract. 5 convewxiusculis, sensim ac-

crescentibus, ultimo terete, non descendente ; umbilico mediocri,

fere = diametri equante; apertura parum obliqua, lunato-

rotundata ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus convergentibus,

columellari breviter patente.

Diam. maj. 173, min. 15, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. 2

7. Heurx tara, Pfr. H. testa angustissime sed pervie umbili-

cata, subturbinata, solidiuscula, striolis irregularibus obliquis

subgranulata, parum nitente, lutescenti-alabastrina ; spira co-

noidea, apice acutiuscula; sutura marginata; anfract. 6 vix

convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, sub-

acute ruguloso-carinato, basi inflato ; apertura parum obliqua,

288

angulato-lunari, intus margaritacea; perist. recto, obtuso,

marginibus remotis, columellari superne in laminam brevem

triangularem dilatato.

Diam. maj. 35, min. 29, alt. 18 mill.

Hab. —~-?

8. Heirx Bocotensis, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, sublentiformi,

solida, acute carinata, striata, sub lente minutissime granulata,

nigro-castanea ; spira brevissima, obtusa; sutura lineari, sub-

marginata ; anfract. 43 planulatis, ultimo antice tumido, fere

rectangule deflexo, supra et infra carinam profunde scrobicu-

lato, basi circa umbilicum angustum, pervium convexo ; apertura

perobliqua, rhombeo-auriformi ; perist. continuo, albo, crasso,

undique soluto et reflexo, margine supero arcuato, intus tuber-

culo triangulart munito, parietali flecuoso, laminam validam

lingueformem emittente, basali medio subangulatim descendente,

latere sinistro tuberculis 2 inequalibus, dextro plicis 2 ine-

qualibus, in tuberculo elevato positis munito.

Diam. maj. 37, min. 33, alt. 14 mill.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

9. Hexrx eLuipsostoma, Pfr. H. testa anguste et semiobtecte

umbilicata, conoidea, tenui, striata et sub lente minutissime

granulata, fusca ; spira conoidea, subacuminata; sutura lineari,

submarginata ; anfract. 5 planiusculis, sensim accrescentibus,

ultimo acute carinato, antice subito deflexo, basi parum con-

vexo, antice triscrobiculato ; apertura fere horizontali, elliptico-

rhombea, dente lamelleformi, libero, longe intrante coarctata ;

perist. continuo, albo, margine parietali erecto, supero breviter

expanso, basali reflexo, medio subangulatim descendente, parte

sinistra tuberculo unico, dextra plicis 2 divergentibus, basi

juncetis munito.

Diam. maj. 20, min. 173, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

10. Herix Annatonensis, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa,

tenuiuscula, sublevigata, nitida, pellucida, corneo-cerea ; spira

via elevata; sutura impressa ; anfract. 5 convexiusculis, regu-

lariter acerescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria ro-

tundato, basi parum convexo ; umbilico conico, + diametri

paulo superante; apertura obliqua, lunari; perist. simplice,

recto, margine dextro antrorsum subdilatato, columellari leviter

arcuato.

Diam. maj. 103, min. 9, alt. 4 mill.

Hab. Isle of Annaton or Aneiteum, New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

11. Henix cimex, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, discoidea, tenui,

subtiliter capillaceo-striata, haud nitente, pallide cornea;

spira planiuscula; anfract. 5 conveviusculis, lente accrescen-

tibus, ultimo non descendente, terete ; umbilico perspectivo, 4

289

diametri subequante ; apertura parum obliqua, parva, rotun-

dato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus convergentibus.

Diam. maj. 3, min. 23, alt. 14 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe's Island. (Macgiillivray.)

12. Heurx srncutaris, Pfr. H. testa sinistrorsa, perforata»

trochiformi, solidiuscula, peroblique striata, epidermide fulvo-

fusca induta ; spira subconcavo-conica, apice acutiuscula ; an-

fract. 64 convewiusculis, ultimo subacute carinato, antice ven

descendente, basi convexiore; apertura perobliqua, transverse

truncato-ovali; perist. albo, marginibus via convergentibus,

externo expanso, columellari superne in laminam triangularem

reflexo.

Diam. maj. 9, min. 7, alt. 7 mill.

Had. Isle of Aneiteum, New Hebrides. (Macgillivray.)

13. Hetrx vatuicoua, Pfr. H. testa perforata, depressa, le-

vigata, nitida, pellucida, fusco-cornea; spira vie elevata;

sutura impressa, submarginata ; anfract. 5 viv convexiusculis

sensim accrescentibus, ad suturam striatulis, ultimo non de-

scendente, peripheria rotundato, basi albido ; apertura subver-

ticali, lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus viz convergen-

tibus, columellari declivi, superne reflexo.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 104, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Koondah Mountains, India. (Pirrie.)

14. Heurx consut, Pfr. H. testa subclause perforata, depressa,

tenui, levissime striatula et sub lente strtis confertis spiralibus

sculpta, lucida, fusco-cornea ; spira brevissime conoideo-elevata ;

sutura marginata ; anfract. 6 convexiusculis, regulariter accres-

centibus, ultimo non descendente, rotundato, bast medio sub-

excavato; apertura subverticali, rotundato-lunari; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus, dextro perar-

cuato, columellari declivi, superne anguste reflexo.

Diam. maj. 204, min. 18, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo.

15. Heurx Acuata, Pfr. H. testa subclause perforata, depressa,

tenui, levigata, nitidissima, pellucida, fulvo-succinea ; spira

viv elevata, vertice subtili ; sutura linea rufescente marginata ;

anfract. 6 convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ad suturam pli-

catulis, ultimo non descendente, rotundato, basi medio excavato ;

apertura parum obliqua, regulariter lunari; perist. simplice,

recto, marginibus distantibus, columellari superne subcalloso,

anguste reflexo.

Diam. maj. 13, min. 11, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo.

16. Heurx romentosa, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, globoso-de-

pressa, tenui, superficie quasi tomentosa, cinnamomea ; spira

brevissime conoidea, vertice obtuso; anfract. 5 convexis, cele-

No. CCLXXVIII.—ProcrEpDINGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

290

riter accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, basi inflato, circa

umbilicum angustum, pervium compresso ; apertura vix obliqua,

irregulariter rotundato-lunari, intus pallidiore, nitida ; perist.

carneo-labiato, expanso et reflexiusculo, marginibus convergen-

tibus, dextro regulariter arcuato, subangulatim cum columellari

fornicato-reflexo juncto.

Diam. maj. 16, min. 133, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo.

17. Heuix inrans, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, conoideo-de-

pressa, solidula, levigata, nitida, albida; spira brevissime

conoidea ; sutura impressa, distincte marginata ; anfract. 5 con-

vewiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, con-

vexiore ; apertura obliqua, irregulariter lunari; perist. sim-

plice, recto, rufulo-limbato, marginibus remotis, columellart

declivi, superne subincrassato.

Diam. maj. 52, min. 5, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo.

18. Buximus spectosus, Pfr. B. testa anguste perforata,

ovata, solidula, longitudinaliter plicata, minutissime granulata

et oblique malleata, olivaceo-fusca, maculis rufis adspersa; spira

brevi, conica, obtusula; sutura suberenulata, pallida; an-

Sfract. 4 modice convexis, ultimo % longitudinis fere formante,

basi rotundato; columella leviter plicata, albida; apertura

parum obliqua, acuminato-ovali, intus plicata, cerulescente,

nitidissima; perist. fusco-aurantiaco, undique subincrassato, ex-

panso et revoluto, marginibus callo pellucido junctis, columel-

lari dilatato.

Long. 38, diam. 30 mill.

Hab. Sierra Nevada de S. Marta. (Schlim.)

19. Butimus sucunpbuws, Pfr. B. testa subrimata, ovato-conica,

tenui, plicatula et undique granulata, diaphana, parum nitente,

fulva, saturatius strigata, ad suturam maculis castaneis et

luteis alternantibus picta; spira conica, obtusula; anfract.

42 convexiusculis, ultimo descendente, spiram viv superante,

basi rotundato; columella albida, compresse torto-plicata ;

apertura parum obliqua, ovali, intus carnea, nitida ; perist.

breviter expanso, obtuso, pallide roseo, murgine columellari su-

perne subdilatato, appresso.

Long. 31, diam. 15 mill.

Hab. Antioquia, New Granada. (Schlim.)

20. Buximus TAQuinensis, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, ovato-

oblonga, solidula, longitudinaliter minute striata et malleata,

sub epidermide fusco-olivacea strigis obliquis indistinctis rufis

picta ; spira convexo-conica, obtusula; anfract. 4 modice con-

vexis, ultimo spira paulo longiore, basi rotundato ; columella

leviter plicata ; apertura subverticali, acuminato-ovali, intus

291

margaritacea ; perist.subincrassato, carneo, margine dextro re-

voluto, columellari subdilatato, horizontaliter patente et reflexo.

Long. 40, diam. 18 mill.

Hab. Taquina, Sierra Nevada de S. Marta; 9000! elevation.

(Sehlim.)

21. Buximus otostomus, Pfr. B. testa perforata, oblongo-

subfusiformi, solidula, longitudinaliter plicato-striata, alba,

strigis latis, nigricanti-castaneis, interruptis et confluentibus va-

riegata ; spira conica, obtusa ; sutura substrangulata ; anfract.

5 convewiusculis, ultimo spira breviore, basi attenuato, subcom-

presso ; columella valide et prominenter torto-plicata, atro-

violacea; apertura subverticali, auriformi, basi subangulata,

effusa ; perist. albo, refleco, margine dextro superne perarcuato,

recedente, columellari superne dilatato, subappresso.

Long. 31, diam. 13 mill.

Hab. Venezuela.

22. Butimus InTERMEDIUS, Pfr. B. testa perforata, elongato-

conica, solidula, oblique striatula et puncturata, nitida, alba ;

spira conica, obtusula; sutura levi, simplice; anfract. 6 pla-

niusculis, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante, infra medium sub-

angulato, basi turgido ; columella leviter plicata, subrecedente ;

apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali; perist. sublate expanso,

refleciusculo, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellart plano,

dilatato, triangulart.

Long. 34, diam. 16 mill.

Hab. Ceylon. (Thwaites.)

23. Butimus tusortivus, Pfr. B. testa vix perforata, subfusi-

formi-oblonga, tenui, levigata, carneo-albida, strigis sparsis

undulatis castaneis ornata ; spira convexo-conica, acutiuscula ;

sutura indistincte marginata ; unfract. 53 convexiusculis, ul-

timo spira paulo breviore, basi attenuato ; columella subcom-

pressa, torto-plicata, recedente ; apertura parum obliqua, ovali,

strigis intus intensioribus ; perist. tenui, margine dextro su-

perne curvato, tum late expanso, columellari reflexiusculo.

Long. 25, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. Banks of Amazon, Brazils.

24. Bunimus Antioquiensis, Pfr. B. testa breviter et pro-

Sunde rimata, ovato-pyramidata, solidula, minute malleata,

nitidula, alba, strigis irregularibus pallide violaceis, rectis vel

angulosis ornata; spira elongato-conica, apice lutescente, acu-

tiuseula ; anfract. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo spiram vix superante,

rotundato ; columella superne subplicata, rubella; apertura

viv obliqua, oblique truncato-oblonga; perist. tenui, pallide

vitellino, undique subequaliter late expanso.

Long. 30, diam. 13 mill.

Hab. Province of Antioquia, New Granada. (Schlim.)

25. Butrmus apumBrartus, Pfr. B. testa subobtecte perforata,

292

ovato-conica, solidula, laevigata, albido et roseo adumbrata,

strigis distantibus roseo-fuscis et punctis sparsis pellucidis

signata ; spira conica, apice acuta, nigra; anfract. 6 vix con-

vextusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi rotundato, fascia

1 castanea notato ; columella subverticali; apertura obliqua,

oblongo-ovali; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari papy-

raceo, fornicatim refleco, subadnato.

Long. 20, diam. 93 mill.

Hab, Ceylon.

26. BuLtimus protetarivs, Pfr. B. testa compresse umbili-

cata, oblongo-turrita, solidula, sub lente minutissime granulata,

nitidula, corneo-fusca ; spira elongata, obtusula; anfract. 7

convexis, ultimo % longitudinis vix superante, antice subascen-

dente, basi subcompresso; apertura viz obliqua, oblonga;

perist. albo-labiato, marginibus approximatis, dextro expanso,

superne perarcuato, columellari dilatato, patente.

Long. 15, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Ceylon.

27. Butimus Lanceo.atus, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, tur-

rita, solidula, longitudinaliter subarcuato-striata, diaphana,

albido-straminea; spira elongata, acutiuscula; sutura levi,

erenulata ; anfract. 13 subplanis, ultimo 2 longitudinis for-

mante, basi vie attenuato; columella superne subtorta, tum

stricta; apertura parum obliqua, acuminato-ovali, basi sub-

angulata ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari brevis-

sime reflexo.

Long. 52, diam. 14 mill.

Hab. Natal. (Plant.)

28. BuLtimus uyatorpeus, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata,

ovato-conica, tenui, irregulariter striatula, subhyalina; spira

regulariter conica, apice acutiuscula; anfract. 5 convexis, ul-

timo spira paulo breviore, basi rotundato; apertura parum

obliqua, rotundato-ovali ; perist. simplice, acuto, marginibus

conniventibus, dextro recto, perarcuato, columellari arcuato,

subpatente.

Long. 124, diam. 7} mill.

Hab. Mendez, Andes of New Granada.

29. Butimus Prinat, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata, conica,

solida, irregulariter striata et punctata, cretacea, fascia fusca

basalt plerumque ornata, vel corneo-marmorata; spira regu-

lariter conica, acutiuscula ; anfract. 7 convexis, ultimo 1 longi-

tudinis non attingente, rotundato, peripheria obsolete angulato;

apertura obliqua, fere circulari ; perist. simplice, marginibus

conniventibus, dextro perarcuato, columellari substricto, superne

dilatato, patente.

Long. 8, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Peniche. ( Pring.)

293

30. Buuimus toricatus, Pfr. B. testa sinistrorsa, subimper-

forata, ovato-pyramidata, solida, confertim striata, albido-

fulva, strigis et maculis fuscis marmorata ; spira convexo-

conica, acutiuscula; anfract. 7-8 convexiusculis, ultimo 3

longitudinis subequante, leviter malleato ; columella subverti-

cali, superne subplicata ; apertura obliqua, sinuato-semiovali,

intus nitida, pallide rosea ; perist. incrassato et breviter ex-

panso, albo, marginibus callo crasso, albo junctis, eaterno sub-

sinuato, columellari dilatato, reflexo, subadnato.

Long. 62, diam. 26 mill.

Hab. ? .

31. Butimus Casar, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, globoso-conica,

tenut, sublevigata, sub epidermide decidua, fulva alba ; spira

conoidea, apice obtusula; anfract. 53 modice convexis, ultimo

spiram subequante ; columella fere verticali, plana, alba, trun-

cato-dentata ; apertura subdiagonali, lunato-rotundata, intus

alba ; perist. albo, breviter expanso, margine dextro superne

antrorsum dilatato.

Long. 46, diam. 33 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

32. PartuLa NiTENS, Pfr. P. testa subperforata, conico-ovata,

ventrosa, tenuiuscula, longitudinaliter subtilissime striata, ni-

tente, diaphana, fulvo-fusca, superne obsolete, basi late luteo-

fasciata ; spira conica, acutiuscula ; sutura levi, albida ; an-

Sract. 5 vix conveviusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, basi

rotundato; apertura vix obliqua, acuminato-ovali; perist.

albo, margine dextro superne subrepando, mediocriter expanso,

columellari dilatato, subfornicatim patente.

Long. 17, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. ——?

33. Sprraxis BistorTA, Pfr. Sp. testa imperforata, turrita,

tenuiuscula, leviter arcuato-striata, nitida, pellucida, olivaceo-

cornea ; spira elongata, subrectilineari, obtusa; sutura levi,

obsolete crenulata ; anfract. 11 planiusculis, ultimo + longitu-

dinis formante, basi attenuato, pallido ; columella plicis 2 fili-

formibus, tortis munita; apertura obliqua, ovali-oblonga; perist.

simplice, recto.

Long. 38, diam. 8 mill.

Hab. ?

34. AcHaATINA vesTiTA, Pfr. A. testa subfusiformi-turrita,

tenui, longitudinaliter confertim plicato-striata, alba, epider-

mide fulvida, squamosa vestita ; spira turrita, superne nuda,

obtusa ; sutura levi, dense crenulata ; anfract. 8 planiusculis,

ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi subattenuato ; columella ar-

cuata, subtorta, transverse truncata ; apertura parum obliqua,

294

acuminato-ovali, intus albida ; perist. simplice, margine dextro

leviter arcuato.

Long. 75, diam. 31 mill.

Hab. Natal (Plant).

35. AcHATINA Natauensis, Pfr. A. testa ovato-conica, soli-

dula, albida, epidermide straminea induta; spira regulariter

conica, obtusa; anfr. 74 convexiusculis, summis minutissime,

sequentibus distinctius undulato-granulatis, ultimo spiram sub-

equante, striato, prope suturam striis paucis spiralibus decus-

sato; columella arcuata, subtorta, inflata, anguste truncata ;

apertura via obliqua, acuminato-ovali ; perist. simplice, tenut.

Long. 62, diam. 28 mill.

Hab. Natal (Plant).

36. Acuatina Aurora, Pfr. A. testa oblongo-ovata, solida,

sublevigata, fulvida, strigis sparsis, saturate castaneis varie-

gata; spira conica, obtusa; sutura marginata; anfract. 6

convexiusculis, ultimo spiram subequante ; columella perarcu-

ata, purpurea, basi late truncata; apertura parum obliqua,

sinuato-ovali, intus lilaceo-rosea, nitida; perist. simplice,

Susco-limbato, marginibus callo roseo intrante junctis.

Long. 59, diam. 28 mill.

Hab. Natal.

37. ACHATINA L&v1IGATA, Pfr. A. testa turrito-oblonga, so-

lidula, levigata, nitida, lutescenti-cerea ; spira elongata, apice

obtusa ; anfract. 6 vie convewxiusculis, sensim accrescentibus,

ultimo + longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato, antice strio-

lato; columella callosa, subtorta, oblique truncata ; apertura

obliqua, acuminato-ovali, intus margaritacea ; perist. simplice,

acuto.

Long. 17, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. 2

38. ACHATINA CAPILLACEA, Pfr. 4. testa turrita, tenui, sub

lente capillaceo-striata, nitida, pellucida, virenti-cornea ; spira

elongata, apice obtusula; anfract. 7% convexis, ultimo + longi-

tudinis vix equante, peripheria obsolete angulato; apertura

vie obliqua, sinuato-ovali; columella arcuata, oblique truncata;

perist. simplice.

Long. 9, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites).

39. AcHaTina Curnensis, Pfr. A. testa oblongo-turrita, tenui,

sub lente capillaceo-striata, nitida, pellucida, cerco-hyalina ; spira

elongata, apice obtusula; anfract. 6 modice convexis, ultimo 4

longitudinis equante, basi subattenuato ; apertura subverticali,

oblonga ; columella callosa, subtorta, basi fere verticaliter trun-

cata ; perist. simplice.

Long. 7, diam. 23 mill.

Hab. Shang Hai, China (Fortune).

295

40. Acnatina Ausersi (GuaNpDiNA), Pir. A. testa ovato-ob-

longa, tenui, longitudinaliter confertim striata, pellucida, pallide

carnea ; spira mediocri, conica, obtusa; sutura subsimplice ; an-

fract. 54-6 conveviusculis, ad suturam distinctius striatis, ultimo

spira paulo longiore, basi attenuato ; columella substricte descen-

dente, abrupte truncata; apertura subverticali, sinuato-semiovali ;

perist. simplice, acuto, margine dextro leviter arcuato.

Long. 30, diam. 12 mill.

Hab. Gulf of California.

41. Pura Prrrtet, Pfr. P. testa flexuose rimata, subcylindrica,

solidula, nitidula, diaphana, albido-cerea ; spira elongata, sursum

vir attenuata, apice obtusa ; anfract. 7% lente accrescentibus, vir

convexiusculis, hinc inde varicosis, superioribus levigatis, 2 ul-

timis capillaceo-striatis, ultimo + longitudinis sub@quante, basi

gibboso-compresso et leviter scrobiculato; apertura verticali,

truncato-oblonga, plicis 2 columellaribus profundis tertiaque bi-

cruri magna, longe intrante, margines peristomatis jungente coarc-

tata ; perist. albo, expanso, intus calloso, margine dextro intus

subtuberculifero.

Long. 10, diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Koondah Mountains, near Calicut (Pirrie).

42. Pura Auserst, Pfr. P. testa flecuose rimata, subperforata,

oblonga, solidula, suboblique confertim costulata, opaca, alba ;

spira sursum dilatata, in conum brevem desinente ; sutura crenu-

lata ; anfract. 9 planiusculis, ultimo non ascendente, 3 longitu-

dinis subequante, basi subatienuato, biscrobiculato ; apertura

verticali, plicis 5 coarctata : prima lingueformi juxta insertionem

marginis dextri, secunda compressa, prominentia umbilicali trans-

verse imposita, tertia dentiformi ad basin, quarta majore et quinta

supra illam in margine dextro; perist. albo, sinuoso, undique

expanso-reflexiusculo.

Long. 15, diam. 7 mill.

Hab. Port Natal (Stanger).

43. Pura wnpica, Pfr. P. testa breviter rimata, cylindraceo-

ovata, tenui, levissime striatula, oleoso-micante, fulvo-cornea ;

spira apice conoideo-rotundata ; anfract. 5, superis 3 convezis,

penultimo planiore, ultimo + longitudinis formante, basi com-

presso, antice biscrobiculato ; apertura vix obliqua, oblonga, den-

tibus 4 coarctata: 1 pliceformi parietali, 1 columellari, 2 pro-

fundis, brevibus palatalibus ; perist. albido, breviter expanso.

Long. 2, diam. 1 mill.

Hab. Barrakpore, India.

44. TornatTeuina Kiistert, Pfr. T. testa subperforata, ovato-

turrita, solidula, levissime striatula, subopaca, pallide virente ;

spira regulariter elongato-conica, apice obtusula ; sutura lineari,

marginata ; anfract. 6 subplanis, ultimo 2 longitudinis paulo su-

perante, basi rotundato; apertura obliqua, semiovali; lamella

296

parietali compressa, obliqua, longe intrante ; columella acute den-

tata; perist. simplice, acuio, margine columellari reflexo, patente.

Long. 8 diam. 4 mill.

Hab. ?

45. CLAUSILIA BORNEENSIS, Pfr. Cl. testa subrimata, turrita,

solidula, oblique capillaceo-striata, sericea, fusco-cornea ; spira

regulariter attenuata, apice acutiuscula; sutura profunda ; an-

Fract. 11} convevis, ultimo angustiore, basi rotundato, leviter

sulcato ; apertura pyriformi, intus fulva; lamellis mediocribus,

convergentibus, infera arcuatim ascendente ; lunella imperfecta, e

pliculis nonnullis brevibus composita ; plica palatali | supera, sub-

columellari inconspicua; perist. continuo, soluto, albo, undique

expanso et reflexiusculo.

Long. 22, diam. 4} mill.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo.

46. CLAUSILIA EBURNEA, Pfr. C7. testa profunde rimata, fusi-

formi-turrita, solida, levigata, vix nitidula, candida; spira

gracili, apice cornea, acutiuscula ; anfract. 11} planiusculis, ul-

timo antice tumido, juxta rimam gibboso-cristato ; apertura sub-

obliqua, rotundato-ovali, intus fulva ; lamellis subequalibus, infera

oblique ascendente, simplice ; lunella et plica subcolumellari in-

conspicuis ; plica palatali 1 supera; perist. carneo, continuo,

libero, undique breviter reflexo.

Long. 18, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. White Mountains, Crete (Spratt).

47. CLAUSILIA NIVEA, Pfr. Cl. testa profunde rimata, ventroso-

Susiformi, solida, levigata, alba; spira apice attenuata, cornea,

obtusula ; anfract. 11 convexiusculis, ultimo juxta suturam sub-

sulcato, antice costulato-striato, basi tumido, juxta rimam arcuato-

cristato ; apertura vix obliqua, pyriformi-oblonga, intus fulvida ;

lamella supera compressa, altera callosa, obliqua, dentiformi ;

lunella et plica subcolumellari inconspicuis ; plica palatali 1 su-

pera ; perist. continuo, breviter soluto, expanso, margine externo

subsinuato, intus subdentato.

Long. 15, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Eubeea (Spratt).

48. VirRINA HELICIFORMIS, Pfr. V. testa subperforata, depresso-

globosa, subheliciformi, tenuissima, membranacea, radiato-rugata

et striis spiralibus minutissimis sub lente sculpta, pellucida, virenti-

cornea; spira subconoidea, superne erosa, alba; anfract. 5 vir

convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultiino peripheria subangu-

lato, basi inflato; apertura fere diagonali, rotundato-lunari ;

perist. simplice, marginibus dextro et basali subinflexis, columellari

fere verticali, superne subreflexo.

Diam. maj. 17, min. 14, alt. 10.

Hab. Mount Ophir (Dr. Traiil).

49. Virrina HYALINA, Pfr. V. testa depresso-globosa, tenuissima,

297

levigata, pellucida, virenti-hyalina ; spira parum elevata, obtu-

sula; anfract. fere 4 conveviusculis, ultimo ad suturam levem,

marginatam distanter radiato-striato, basi rotundato, latiusculo ;

apertura diagonali, lunato-rotundata ; perist. simplice, margine

dextro‘antrorsum subdilatato, columellari perarcuato.

Diam. maj. 7, min. 54, alt. 35 mill.

Hab Moreton Bay, Australia (Strange).

50. Succinea sTRIGATA, Pfr. SS. testa ovato-acuminata, tenui,

longitudinaliter striata, vir nitidula, rufo-cornea, strigis angustis

pallidis ornata; spira conica, acutiuscula ; anfract. 3 convezis,

ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante, inflato ; columella callosa, sub-

stricta, parum recedente; apertura obliqua, subregulariter ovuli,

vie angulata, preter partem supremam incumbente ; perist. sim-

plice, marginibus callo junctis, subequaliter arcuatis.

Long. 94, lat. 63, alt. 4 mill.

Hab. Port Clarence, Behring’s Straits.

51. Succinea puncrata, Pfr. 8S. testa depresse ovata, longi-

tudinaliter regulariter striata, rugis nonnullis elevatioribus, nitida,

pellucida, virenti- vel rufo-fusca, seriebus arcuatis punctorum

luteorum ornata ; spira brevi, conica; anfract. 25, penultimo con-

vero, ultimo magno, dilatato ; columella subcallosa, leviter arcuata,

angulum obtusum formante ; apertura obliqua, ovali, incumbente,

superne subangulata, intus concolore, punctis pellucentibus; perist.

simplice, levissime expansiusculo.

Long. 17, lat. 114, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands (Newcomb).

52. Succinea Newcomsi, Pfr. S. testa subsemiovali, tenut, striis

incrementi confertis et rugis nonnullis fortioribus, lineisque spira-

libus irregularibus, minutis sculpta, parum nitida, corneo-rubella

vel pallide cornea; spira minuta, papillata ; anfract. 2, ultimo

magno, subinflato, fere totam testam formante ; columella subcal-

losa, regulariter arcuata; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-

ovali, non omnino incumbente, intus submargaritacea ; perist.

simplice, marginibus fere symmetricis.

Long. 12, lat. 10, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Molokai, Sandwich Islands (Newcomb).

53. SuccinEA TOMENTOSA, Pfr. 8S. testa oblongo-conica, tenui,

pilis brevibus tomentosa, non nitente, pellucida, pallide cornea ;

spira conica, acuta ; anfract. 3, secundo convexo, ultimo % longi-

tudinis formante, basi attenuato; columella subcallosa, levissime

plicata, arcuata ; apertura parum obliqua, acuminato-ovali, subin-

cumbente ; perist. simplice, expansiusculo.

Long. 8, lat. 5, alt. 32 mill.

Hab. New Zealand (Strange).

54. SucciNgEA CEYLANICA, Pfr. 8S. testa ovato-conica, solidula,

distincte striata, diaphana, hyalino-albida, plerumque luto obducta ;

298

spira conica, submucronata ; anfract. 3 cum apice punctiformi,

superis conveais, ultimo 2 longitudinis formante, basi parum atte-

nuato ; columella angulatim a ventre anfractus penultimi rece-

dente, substricta ; apertura obliqua, angulato-ovali ; perist. sim-

plice, margine dextro regulariter arcuatoa.

Long. 73, lat. 4, alt. 33 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Layard).

55. Succinea Bacont, Pfr. S. testa semiovato-acuminata, tenuis-

sima, longitudinaliter subundulato-plicata, pellucida, nitida, pallide

cornea; spira parvula, submucronata ; anfract. 2 cum apiculo

punctiformi, penultimo convexo, ultimo = longitudinis formante,

basi subattenuato ; columella filosa, superne subplicata ; apertura

obliqua, subregulariter acuminato-ovali, non incumbente ; perist.

simplice, margine dextro antrorsum arcuato.

Long. 15, lat. 10, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Calcutta (Bacon).

56. Succinea viTREA, Pfr. 8S. testa ovato-conica, tenuiuscula,

confertim plicato-striata, nitida, albo-hyalina ; spira conica, sub-

papillata; anfract. 3 convexis, ultimo 2 longitudinis formante,

inflato, basi attenuato ; columella filosa, arcuata ; apertura parum

obliqua, incumbente, ovali, superne vix angulata ; perist. simplice,

marginibus callo opaco junctis, subsymmetricis.

Long. 12, lat. 8, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Calcutta (Bacon).

57. Succinea DAvuCINA, Pfr. S. testa ovato-conica, solidula,

leviter striatula, oleoso-micante, lutescenti-rubella ; spira conica,

apice subpapillata ; anfract. 3, penultimo convexo, ultimo 2 longi-

tudinis formante, bast parum attenuato ; columella filari, leviter

arcuata ; apertura obliqua, incumbente, acuminato-ovali, basi lata ;

perist. simplice, marginibus subsymmetricis.

Long. 92, lat. 6, alt. 43 mill.

Hab. Caleutta (Bacon).

2. Descriptions oF THREE New SPECIES oF Pyrtuia.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1, Pyrura Maceinurvrayi, Pfr. P. testa subperforata, ellip-

tico-acuminata, tenuiuscula, sublevigata, nigra ; spira elongata,

concaviusculo-conica, acuta; varicibus albis, castaneo submacu-

latis ; anfract. 9 planis, ad suturam arcuato-striatis, antice valde

descendentibus, ultimo spira vix longiore, basi attenuato; aper-

tura subverticali, angustissima ; dentibus parietalibus 2, superiore

parvo, trigono, altero compresso, intrante, simplice ; plica co-

lumellari tenui, compressa, arcuatim ascendente ; perist. acuto,

margine dextro superne recto. infra medium eaxpansiusculo, intus

299

dentibus 2 subequalibus munito, columellari dilatato, umbilicum

Jere vel omnino claudente.

Long. 24, diam. max. 11, min. 9 mill.

Hab. Isle of Aneiteum, New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

2. Pyrara ovata, Pfr. P. testa profunde rimata vel aperte um-

bilicata, compresse ovato-acuminata, solidula, striatula, pallida,

livido-nebulosa et maculis castaneis marmorata ; spira convexius-

culo-conica, acuta; varicibus albis, macula equilata nigro-cas-

tanea, suturam non attingente, marginatis ; anfract. 10 planius-

culis, antice descendentibus, ad suturam arcuato-plicatis, ultimo

spira paulo longiore, basi subcompresso ; apertura verticali, intus

albida; dentibus parietalibus 2, superiore triangulari, bicruri,

altero valido, simplice, oblique descendente; plica columellari

compressa, obliqua ; perist. pallide livido, marginibus callo tenui,

nitido junctis, dextro superne subsimplice, tum incrassato, reflexo,

intus callo albo, inequaliter 5-dentato munito, columellari per-

dilatato, patente.

Long. 31, diam. max. 26, min. 233 mill.

Hab. 2

3. Pyruia CELEBENSIS, Pfr. P. testa anguste umbilicata, ovato-

conica, solida, irregulariter striata, subunicolore saturate fulva ;

sptra conica, acuta ; varicibus fulvo-luteis ; anfract. 10 planius-

culis, antice descendentibus, ad suturam valide arcuaéo-plicatis,

ultimo ‘spiram subequante, basi subcompresso; apertura sub-

obliqua, intus livido-carnea, nitida; dentibus parietalibus 2,

superiore subtrigono, aitero valido, compresso, subobliquo ; plica

columellari parvula, dentiformi, arcuatim ascendente ; perist.

livido-limbato, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, dextro superne

subsimplice, tum breviter expanso et reflexiusculo, intus callo

lato, carneo, inequaliter 5-dentuto munito, columellari crasso,

sinuoso-patente.

Long. 33, diam. max. 18, min. 15 mill.

Hab. Celebes.

3. Descriptions or ErgHteen New Species or Cycuosro-

MACEA, FROM Mr. Cumine’s CoLuEcTIoN.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. CycLosroma Curnense (Cyciotus?), Pfr. C. testa umbi-

licata, convexo-depressa, solida, striata, sub epidermide fusces-

centi-fulva alba, obsolete fasciata ; spira convexra, via conoidea,

apice subtili; anfract. 4 convewis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo

terete ; umbilico conico, + diametri occupante ; apertura subver-

ticali, circulari, intus margaritacea; perist. continuo, breviter

adnato, duplice : interno haud porrecto, externo breviter patente,

obtuso.— Operc. ?

Diam. maj. 14, min. 114, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Hong Kong, China (Mr. Fortune).

300

2. CycLosroma MONTANUM (CycxLorvus?), Pfr. C. testa umbi-

licata, turbinato-depressa, solida, superne confertim spiraliter

lirata, alba, fusculo obsolete maculata et fasciata ; spira turbinata,

acutiuscula ; anfract. 4 convexis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, subtus levigato, in umbilico mediocri, profundo,

spiraliter striato ; apertura parum obliqua, angulato-rotundata ;

perist. simplice, recto, breviter adnato, margine columellari re-

flexiusculo.— Operc. a

Diam. maj. 123, min. 10, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Neilgherries.

3. CyCLosTOMA RIROSTRE (CycLotus), Pfr. C. testa umbili-

cata, depressa, subdiscoidea, solidula, irregulariter striata, fulvo-

lutea, fascia peripherica castanea et superne strigis latis angulatis

ornata ; spira plana, vertice subtili, vix prominulo ; anfract. fere

5 convexwsculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo terete, subtus ob-

solete maculato, antice soluto et tubulo antrorsum curvato munito ;

umbilico lato, anfractus omnes latiores et convexiores monstrante

quam superne ; apertura diagonali, circulari; perist. duplice, in-

terno brevi, recto, eterno expanso et inflexo, superne in rostrum

apertum, anfractum ultimum tangentem, producto.— Operc.

album, arctispirum, extus concavum.

Diam. maj. 26, min. 19, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo.

4. CycLosroMa PTEROCYcLoIpEs (Cyctotus), Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, depressa, subdiscoidea, solidula, striatula et striis

spiralibus sub lente decussata, lutea, strigis angulatis castaneis

picta ; spira plana, vertice mucronatim prominulo ; anfract. 5

rapide accrescentibus, parum convexis, ultimo depresso-rotundato,

antice soluto et spiraculo antrorsum vix ascendente munito ; um-

bilico profundo, 4 diametri superante ; apertura diagonali, cir-

culari ; perist. duplice, interno vix porrecto, superne leviter

emarginato, externo dilatato, rectangule patente, limbo subinflexo,

superne subangulatim producto.— Operc. 2

Diam. maj. 25, min. 19, alt. 7 mill.

Hab.

5. CycLosroMa FLoRIDUM (CycLopHoRus), Pfr. C. testa

anguste umbilicata, globoso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, oblique levis-

sime striatula, albida, maculis sagitteformibus fuscis, interdum in

strigas angulosas confluentibus, conspersa; spira turbinata, acu-

tiuscula, apice s@pe nigro-cornea; anfract. 5 convevis, ultimo

rotundato, infra peripheriam fascia castanea, deorsum dissoluta,

teniato; apertura obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. simplice, breviter

expanso, marginibus callo brevi junctis, sinistro subreflero.—

Operc. 2

Diam. es ee min. 24, alt. 20 mill.

Hab.

6. CycLostoma ExaLTATuM (CycLopHorws), Pfr. C. testa

301

umbilicata, globoso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, oblique striata, nigro-

castanea, strigis angulosis pallidis notata ; spira elevato-turbinata,

acutiuscula ; anfract. 5 regulariter accrescentibus, convezis,

ultimo rotundato, peripheria pallide subfasciato; apertura vix

obliqua, subcirculari, intus cerulescenti-albida ; perist. simplice,

albo, marginibus callo brevi junctis, dextro perarcuato, breviter

expanso, sinistro supra partem umbilici perangusti fornicatim

patente.—Operc. ?

Diam. maj. 25, min. 21, alt. 19 mill.

Hab. Hong Kong, China (Mr. Fortune).

7. CycLostoMA SUMATRENSE (CycLopHorus), Pfr. C. testa

umbilicaia, depresso-turbinata, tenui, spiraliter tenuissime striata,

nitidula, fusca, ad suturam maculis alternis castaneis et pallidis

teniata, infra peripheriam fasciis 2 articulatis ornata; spira

breviter turbinata, acutiuscula; anfract. 5 rapide accrescenti-

bus, superis convexiusculis, ultimo turgido, peripheria subcari-

nato ; umbilico mediocri, infundibuliformi ; apertura obliqua,

subcirculari, intus margaritacea ; perist. albo, simplice, subcon-

tinuo, breviter adnato, superne et ad dextram late expanso et

revoluto, margine sinistro minus dilatato.—Operc. fulvum.

Diam. maj. 45, min. 34, alt. 23 mill.

Hab. Pedang, Island of Sumatra (Capt. A. Martin).

8. CycLosroma Taniatum (CycLopHorus), Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, globoso-turbinata, solda, oblique confertim striata,

parum nitente, albida, fasciis variis atrofuscis interruptis et

maculatis teniata ; spira turbinata, acutiuscula ; anfract. 5 con-

veris, ad suturam complanatis, minute maculatis, ultimo turgido,

infra peripheriam carina funiformi, nonnullisque fasciis latioribus

cincto, bast planiore ; umbilico angusto, pervio ; apertura obliqua,

subcirculari, intus albida, fasciis perlucentibus ; perist. simplice,

recto, continuo, breviter adnato, superne subangulato, margine

dextro antrorsum dilatato, sinistro incrassato, subpatente.—

Operc. rubello-fulvum.

Diam. maj. 28, min. 24, alt. 18 mill.

Hab. Sumatra.

9. CycLosroma CeREUM (CycLopHorus 2), Pfr. C. testa per-

forata, conoideo-globosa, solidula, leviter striata, parum nitente,

virenti-cerea ; spira conoidea, obtusula; anfract. 4 conveais,

ultimo rotundato ; apertura parum obliqua, subangulato-circulari ;

perist. continuo, breviter adnato, margine deatro recto, columellari

subincrassato.— Operc. ?

Diam. maj. 62, min. 6, alt. 5 mill.

Hab.

10. CycLostoma DEPLANATUM (CycLopHorus ?), Pfr. C. desta

late umbilicata, depressa, subdiscoidea, solida, confertim striatula,

nitida, fusco-lutea vel castanea, fascia unica peripherica, lutea

cincta; spira vie prominula, vertice subtili ; sutura profunda ;

302

anfract. 5 rotundatis, ultimo terete, antice sensim descendente ;

apertura obliqua, subcirculari, intus alba; perist. continuo, in-

crassato, expansiusculo, subduplicato, breviter adnato, margine

columellari regulariter arcuato.—Operc. ?

Diam. maj. 273, min. 23, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Koondah mountains, India (Mr. Pirrie).

11. CycLostoma seMICcLAUSUM (LEePTopoma), Pfr. C. testa

perforata, globoso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, striis obliquis et spi-

ralibus minute decussata, albida, flammis latis angulosis fusco-

viridibus et fasciis inframedianis nonnullis saturatioribus picta ;

spira elata, turbinata, acutiuscula ; anfract. 5 convexis, rapide

accrescentibus ; apertura obliqua, fere circulari ; perist. duplice :

interno expansiusculo, incumbente, externo rectangule patente,

ad perforationem reflero, eam fere claudente.—Operc. virenti-

Sulvum.

Diam. maj. 13, min. 10, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

12. CycLostoma SecHEeLLARuM (Lepropoma?), Pfr. C. testa

anguste umbilicata, globoso-conica, tenuiuscula, radiato-striata,

pluricarinata, fuscescenti-albida; spira turbinata, acutiuscula ;

anfract. 5 convexis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo carinis 2-5

majoribus (maxima peripherica, aliis superis) lirisque spiralibus

basi confertioribus munito; apertura vix obliqua, subcirculari ;

perist. simplice, breviter expanso, marginibus approximatis.—

Operc. 2

Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Seychelles Islands.

13. CycLostoma pacitum (Leproproma), Pfr. C. testa per-

forata, turbinata, tenuiuscula, oblique striata, virenti-lutea,

flammis albidis et lineis spiralibus nigricantibus ornata ; spira

turbinata, apice acutiuscula, nigricante; anfract. 5 conveais,

sensim accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria rotundato, basi planius-

culo, circa perforationem punctiformem excavato ; apertura parum

obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus approai-

matis.—Operc. corneum.

Diam. maj. 8, min. 62, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

14. Cyctosroma Kieneri (Cyciosromus ”), Pfr. C. testa um-

bilicata, depressa, solida, radiatim conferte striata, superne liris

sub 5 carineformibus munita, parum nitida, rufa, albido-marmo-

rata ; spira brevi, subturbinata, apice nigra, acutiuscula; anfract.

5 convevis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo antice descendente,

juxcta suturam subexcavato, peripheria subobtuse carinato, basi

levigato ; umbilico profundo, 4 diametri subequante ; apertura

perobliqua, angulato-rotundata, intus ignea; perist. continuo,

303

subrecto, crasso, obtuso, superne angulatim producto, adnato.—

Operc. ?

Diam. maj. 193, min. 16, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Madagascar.

15. CycLostoma GRADATUM (CycLostomus 2), Pfr. C. testa

perforata, globoso-conica, solidula, radiato-striata et spiraliter

lirata (liris inequalibus, juxta suturam subtilibus, tum 1-3

validis carineformibus, reliquis obtusis), pallide lutescente ; spira

turbinata, gradata, acutiuscula; anfract. 5 angulato-conveais,

ultimo basi inflato; apertura parum obliqua, subangulato-circulari;

perist. albo, subincrassato, continuo, breviter adnato, vie expan-

siusculo.—Opere. 2

Long. 7, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwattes).

16. CatauLus pupticatus, Pfr. C. testa subperforata, fusi-

formi-ovata, solida, striata striisque spiralibus obsolete decus-

sata, virescenti-fusca, pallide nebulosa ; spira curvilineari, elon-

gata, apice acutiuscula; sutura levi, marginata; anfract. 7% vir

convexiusculis, ultimo attenuato, antice subascendente; carina

basali compressa, antrorsum vix dilatata ; apertura circulari, basi

axin vix excedente ; perist. aurantiaco, duplice : interno breviter

porrecto, basi profunde inciso, externo rectangule patente, basi

ad canalem angustum viz protracto.

Long. 18, diam. 7 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

17. DrptommatTina Maceinuivrayt, Pfr. D. testa sinistrorsa,

breviter rimata, oblorgo-ovata, tenui, diaphana, pallide cornea ;

spira turgida; anfract. 6 conrexis, superis 2 apicem subpapillatum

Sormantibus, sequentibus 2 distanter cordato-costulatis, penul-

timo latissimo, confertius costulato, ultimo antice ascendente,

+ longitudinis paulo superante, confertissime costulato, basi

rotundato ; apertura vix obliqua, subcirculari; perist. duplice :

interno appresso, externo breviter et equaliter expanso.

Long. 6, diam. 3 mill.

8. Violaceo-fusca, anfr. uitimo pallide unifasciato.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, Australian seas (Mr. Macgillivray).

18. DipLomMATINA cCAPrILLAcEA, Pfr. D. testa sinistrorsa,

breviter rimata, ovato-conica, tenui, capillaceo-striata, pellucida,

haud nitente, pallide cornea; spira turgida, sursum conica, apice

acutiuscula ; anfract. 6 convexiusculis, penultimo latissimo, ultimo

antice ascendente, +. longitudinis paulo superante, basi rotundato ;

apertura subverticali, circulari; perist. albo, expanso, indistincte

duplicato, marginibus callo junctis.

Long. 5, diam. 22 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, Australian seas (Mr. Macgillivray).

304

4. A MonoGRAPH OF THE GENERA REALIA AND HYDROCENA.

By Dr. L. PFeirrer.

These two genera are closely allied by the common character of

the ovate, few-whorled, horny operculum, but they may be separated

by the characters of the mouth and columella.

I. Reawia.

Gray, in Proc. Z. 8. 1847, p. 182; & 1849, p. 167; Pfr. Consp. Cycl.

p- 47; Mon. Pneumonoph. p. 305.

Liarea, Gray, Cat. Phaneropneum. Br. Mus. p. 217.

Shell turreted, rather smooth or striated ; aperture ovate ; peri-

stome continuous, double.

1. Reaxia Eera, Gray, 1849; Pfr. Mon. Pneum. p. 305.

Tiarea Egea, Gray, 1852. (New Zealand.)

2. ReaLiA TURRICULATA, Pfr. R. testa subperforata, gracili,

turrita, solidula, striatula, parum nitente, nigricante, fascia pallida

basali notauta vel strigis angulosis nigro-castaneis et luteo-albis

alternantibus ornata, basi nigricante ; spira elongata, apice ob-

tusula ; anfract. 7-73 modice convewis, ultimo 4 longitudinis sub-

equante, basi obsolete subangulato ; apertura verticali, angulato-

ovali ; perist. continuo, duplice : interno breviter porrecto, externo

anguste expanso, inflexo.

Long. 9, diam. 32 mill.

Hab. New Zealand.

3. Reauia venTRicosa, Hombr. and Jacq. (Cyclostoma ventri-

cosum, H.et J. Voy. Pole Sud, Atl. t. 12. f. 34-367) R. testa

subperforata, turrito-oblonga, tenuiuscula, sub lente confertissime

striata, vir nitidula, fusca vel cornea; spira elongata, subventri-

cosa, apice acutiuscula ; anfract. 7 conveais, ultimo 4 longitudinis

subequante, infra medium obsolete angulato; apertura parum

obliqua, ovali; perist. continuo, indistincte duplicato, margine

dextro expansiusculo, sinistro strictiusculo, adnato.

Long. 7, diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Taiti (Jacg.); Marquesas Islands (Hl. Cuming).

4. ReALIA RUBELLA, Pfr. R. testa subperforata, turrito-oblonga,

solida, levigata, pallide rubella; spira elongata, superne atte-

nuata, acuminata, sutura profunda ; anfract. 8 convexis, quasi

strangulatis, ultimo 4 longitudinis non attingente, obsolete angu-

lato; apertura vie obliqua, angulato-ovali; perist. continuo,

breviter adnato, duplicato : externo subincrassato, patente.

Long. 8, diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Marquesas Islands (H. Cuming).

305

II. Hyprocena.

Pfr. in Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 112.

Realia, Gray, Cycloph. Brit. Mus. 1850 (part).

Hydrocena, Shuttl. Diagn. Moll. Nr. 1. p. 11.

Shell imperforate or umbilicate, globose-turbinate, ovate or tur-

reted ; aperture ovate or semicircular ; peristome simple, straight or

expanded, with disjoined margins.

A. Hyprocena, Parr.

(Shell imperforate or subperforate; base of the last whorl not

keeled ; columellar margin rather callous. )

1. HyproceNna MINUTISSIMA, Sow.; Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1847, p.Al2.

Cyclostoma minutissimum, Sow.

Realia minutissima, Gray.

Leptopoma? minutissimum, Pfr. Mon. Pneum. p. 118 (Pitcairn

Islands).

2. Hyprocena Gutta, Shuttl. Diagn. p. 11.

Realia? gutta, Pfr. Mon. Pneum. p. 305 (Teneriffe).

3. Hyprocena caTraroeEnsis, Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1847, p. 112.

Cyclostoma Cattaroénse, Pfr. in Wiegm. Arch. 1841, i. p. 225.

Hydrocena Sirkii, Parr. in sched.

Realia Cattaroénsis, Gray, 1850 (Dalmatia).

4. Hyprocena Brineest, Pfr. H. testa viv subperforata, ovato-

conica, solida, levigata, daucino-rubra ; spira conica, apice

acuta ; sutura lineart ; anfract. 7 planis, ultimo spiram equante,

basi rotundato ; apertura vix obliqua, acuminato-ovali, basi sub-

effusa ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis,

columellari subreflexo.

Long. 103, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. under stones in damp places, Valdivia (Bridges).

5. Hyprocena soxrpuua, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, ovato-

conica, solidula, sublevigata, irreguluriter erosa, haud nitente,

cerea ; spira convexo-conica, apice acuta; anfract. 6 subplanis,

ultimo spira paulo breviore, obsolete angulato, basi convexiusculo ;

apertura verticali, angulato-ovali; perist. simplice, recto, mar-

gine eolumellari subincrassato.

Long. 6, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Lord Hood’s Island.

6. Hyprocena osionea, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, oblongo-

conica, solida, striatula, opaca, fulvo-albida ; spira ovato-conica,

apice acuta; suiura marginata ; anfract. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo

3 longitudinis paulo superante, convexiore, peripheria filocarinato,

Jucta perforationem punctiformem subcompresso; apertura verti-

No. CCLXXIX.—Procrepincs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society.

306

cali, angulato-rotundata, intus aurantiaca ; perist. simplice, recto,

margine columellari calloso, subpatente.

Long. 63, diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Marquesas Islands.

7. Hyprocena cornEA, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, ovato-conica,

solidula, levigata, nitida, fulvo-cornea ; spira conica, apice acuta ;

sutura impressa, submarginata; anfract. 6; convexiusculis,

ultimo spira paulo breviore, peripheria obsoletissime angulato,

juzta perforationem punctiformem vel clausam subcompresso ;

apertura obliqua, angulato-ovali, basi subeffusa; perist. subsim-

plice, margine dextro recto, columellari calloso, subappresso.

Long. 10, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Borneo and Bashee Island (Sir EZ. Belcher).

8. Hyprocrena ALBESCENS, Pfr. 4H. testa subperforata, ovato-

conica, solidula, sublevigata, albida vel pallide lutescente ; spira

convexo-conica, apice acuta; anfract. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo

spira paulo breviore, infra medium obsolete subangulato, basi

rotundato ; apertura subverticali, angulato-ovali; perist. sim-

plice, recto, margine columellari calloso, subappresso.

Long. 7, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Island of Opara.

9. Hyprocena optusa, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, conico-ovata,

tenuiuscula, striatula, nitida, fulvo-cornea ; spira conica, obtusa ;

sutura marginata; anfract. 5 planiusculis, ultimo spira paulo

longiore, ventroso; apertura subverticali, angulato-semiovali ;

perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari calloso, reflexo,

appresso.

Long. 63, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. 2

10. HypRoceNA BREVICULA, Pfr. H.testa subimperforata,globoso-

conica, solidula, sublevigata, corneo-fulva; spira convexo-conoidea,

acutiuscula ; sutura sulco profundo marginata ; anfract. sub 6,

superis planis, plerumque erosis, penultimo convexo, ultimo spira

longiore, inflato ; apertura subverticali, angulato-semiovali ; perist.

recto, margine columellari calloso, appresso.

Long. 83, diam. 53 mill.

Hab. Singapore.

11. Hyprocena pyramis, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, oblongo-

conica, solidula, irregulariter rugata, epidermide fulva obducta ;

spira convexo-conica, acuta ; anfract. 53 convexiusculis, ultimo 2

longitudinis subequante, obsolete angulato, basi planiusculo ; aper-

tura vix obliqua, angulato-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine

columellari recedente, calloso, subappresso.

Long. 6, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Singapore.

12. Hyprocena exserta, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, ovato-

307

turrita, solida, confertim striata, fusculo-cornea ; spira elongato-

conica, apice acuta ; anfract. 6 convexiusculis, subcarinatis (carina

ad suturam subexserta), ultimo 2 longitudinis formante, peripheria

angulato, basi compressiusculo ; apertura vix obliqua, acuminato-

rotundata ; perist. subsimplice, margine dextro expansiusculo,

superne leviter repando, columellari calloso, subreflexo.

Long. 7, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Shanghai, China.

B. Omrenatorroris, Pfr.

(Realia, Gray, 1852.)

(Shell perforated or umbilicated, with a keel round the umbilicus ;

peristome straight or expanded.)

13. HypRocENA HIEROGLYPHICA, Feér.

Omphalotropis hieroglyphica, Pfr. Mon. Pneum. p. 306.

Hab. ?

14. Hyprocena purporpes, Ant.

Omphalotropis pupoides, Pfr. Mon. p. 307. (Opara.)

15. HypDROCENA TEREBRALIS, Gould.

Omphalotropis terebralis, Pfr. Mon. p. 307. (Tahiti and Eimeo. )

16. Hyprocena rosEA, Gould.

Omphalotropis rosea, Pfr. Mon. p. 308. (Feejee Islands.)

17. Hyprocrena vALLATA, Gould.

Omphalotropis vallata, Pfr. Mon. p. 308. (Tonga Tabou.)

18. Hyprocena sciTuta, Gould.

Omphalotropis scitula, Pfr. Mon. p.308. (Tahiti, Eimeo, Manua.)

19. HyprocEeNnaA AURANTIACA, Desh.

Omphalotropis aurantiaca, Pfr. Mon. p. 309. (Pondicherry.)

20. Hyprocena exaquisitTa, Pfr. H. testa perforata, conica,

tenut, confertim striata, vix nitidula, sordide fulva ; spira elongata,

concavo-conica, apice acuta; sutura submarginata; anfract. 64

convexiusculis, ultimo spira breviore, peripheria magis minusve

distincte carinato, basi acute filocarinato ; apertura obliqua, sub-

ovali, superne et latere sinistro angulata, basi subeffusa ; perist.

simplice, recto, margine columellari sinuoso-patente.

Long. 9, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

21. HypRocENA RUBENS, Quoy.

Omphalotropis rubens, Pfr. Mon. p. 309. (Isle of France.)

22. HypROCENA EROSA, Quoy.

Omphalotropis erosa, Pfr. Mon. p. 310. (Guam.)

308

23. HypROCENA HUAHEINENSIS, Pfr. H. testa perforata, elon-

gato-conica, solida, striatula et irregulariter pustulato-punctata,

opaca, flavida vel fulvida ; spiraconica, apice acuta; anfract. 63,

superis planis, penultimo convexiusculo, ultimo 2 longitudinis sub-

equante, basi rotundato, juxta perforationem punctiformem cari-

nato; apertura verticali, angulato-ovali ; perist. tenui, margine

dextro arcuato, recto, columellari minus arcuato, subpatente.

Long. 93, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Island of Huaheine.

24. HypRoceNA pDuBIA, Pfr.

Omphalotropis dubia, Pfr. Mon. p. 310. (Opara, Real Llajos.)

25. Hyprocena rapiatTa, Pfr. H. testa perforata, ovato-conica,

tenuiuscula, sublevigata, nitida, diaphana, albida, fulvo irregu-

lariter radiata ; spira conica, apice acuta ; sutura submarginata ; -

anfract.7 planiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, ventroso,

peripheria subangulato, juxta perforationem apertam carinato-

compresso ; apertura verticali, acuminato-ovali, basi subeffusa ;

perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari superne subdilatato.

Long. 73, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Borneo.

26. HypRocEeNA MULTILIRATA, Pfr.

Omphalotropis multilirata, Pfr. Mon. p. 311. (Mauritius.)

27. HypRocEeNA GLOBOSA, Bens.

Omphalotropis globosa, Pfr. Mon. p. 311. (Mauritius.)

28. Hyprocena MALuEATA, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, ovato-

conica, solida, irregulariter malleata, carneo et albido variegata ;

spira conica, acuta; anfract. 6 planiusculis, ultimo spiram sub-

@quante, ventroso, ad periomphalum carina funiformi munito ;

apertura parum obliqua, angulato-ovali, intus aurantiaca vel fulva ;

perist. subcalloso, margine dextro recto, basali subangulatim pro-

ducto, columellari subpatulo.

Long. 7, diam. 4} mill.

Hab. Australia.

29. Hyprocena GLABRATA, Pfr. H. testa perforata, ovato-conica,

tenuiuscula, glabra, nitida, fulvo-cornea; spira convexo-conica,

apice acuta; anfract.7 convevis, ultimo spira breviore, rotundato,

circa perforationem punctiformem filocarinato ; apertura vir

obliqua, ovali, superne vix angulata ; perist. simplice, recto, mar-

gine columellari subdilatato, patente.

Long. 63, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Island of Borneo.

30. Hyprocena puicosa, Pfr.

Omphalotropis plicosa, Pfr. Mon. p. 311. (Hab. ——?)

31. HyprocEeNna Granum, Pfr. H. testa vix perforata, conico-

Proc. Z.5. Aves. LXXYVI.

oJ. Wolf, lith Mk N.Hanhart. Imp"

ORTHOTOMUS DERBIANUS Moore

309

ovata, solidula, sublevigata, sordide fulva vel albido et fulvo

zonata; spira conoidea, apice obtusula; anfract. 5 perconvezis,

ultimo spira vie breviore, circa perforationem punctiformem

distincte carinato ; apertura subobliqua, ovali ; perist. simplice,

recto, margine columellari recedente, subpatulo.

Long. 5, diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Isle of Pines, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

32. HyprRoceNA EXPANSILABRIS, Pfr.

Omphalotropis expansilabris, Pfr. Mon. Pneum. p. 312. (Mau-

ritius. )

5. Descriptions or Two New SPECIES OF THE GENUS

OrRTHOTOMUS.

By Freprric Moors, Assist. Mus. East Inp1a Company.

(Aves, Pl. LXXVI.)

At a Meeting held in the early part of the present year, I had the

honour of laying before this Society a monograph of this interesting

genus, and since that time I have been favoured by my brother with a

search, through the birds contained in the Derby Museum, which

has resulted in the discovery of two additional undescribed species.

These I now proceed to characterize.

ORTHOTOMUS DERBIANUS, Moore. (Pl. LXXVI.)

Forehead, crown and occiput dark ferruginous; back, rump and

sides of neck ash-colour ; ear-coverts, throat and breast pale ash,

with the centre of the feathers whitish; flanks ashy-white ; belly

and vent dull white; wings brown, broadly margined throughout

with yellowish-green; edge of shoulder pale brown; under wing-

coverts rufescent-white ; tail much graduated, ferruginous-brown

above, dusky at base, paler beneath, and without discernible terminal

spots or band; thighs ferruginous; upper mandible horn-colour,

lower mandible and legs pale.

Length, 53 inches; of wing 2 inches; tail 23 inches; bill from

frontal plumes $ths inch, to gape }$ths imch, and tarsus 5§,ths of

an inch.

Hab. Philippines ? (H. Cuming). In Derby Museum, Liverpool.

Remark.—May be distinguished from all the previously known

species by its greater size, and in having the ear-coverts, throat and

breast ash-colour, with the centres of the feathers whitish.

ORTHOTOMUS MACULICOLLIs, Moore.

Forehead ferruginous, becoming dull ou crown; feathers of the

occiput greenish-brown, faintly edged with black; nares, behind

the eyes, a line under, with the ear-coverts and sides of neck ferru-

ginous-white, each feather being edged with black; back and rump

310

greenish ; throat white; breast, belly and vent ferruginous-white ;

sides of breast black, and flanks light greenish ; wings brown, edged

exteriorly with greenish-ferruginous-brown ; edge of shoulder and

under wing-coverts pale rufescent-white; tail brown above on the inner

webs, and yellowish on the outer, beneath pale ashy-brown, having

indistinct dusky spots towards the end, and pale at the tips and inner

margins of the feathers ; thighs pale ferrugimous. Bill, darkish horn

‘ above, paler beneath ; legs yellowish.

Length, 4,3, inches ; of wing 1, in. ; tail 1,8; in. ; bill to gape 4,

and tarsus 58, of an inch.

Hab. Malacca. In Derby Museum, Liverpool.

Remark,—Allied to, but distinguished from O. longicauda by

having the sides of the head and neck ferruginous-white, each feather

being edged with black.

6. AsstracT or DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME ANIMALS OF ACHATI-

NELLA, AND OTHER REMARKS.

By Dr. Newcoms.

ACHATINELLA VIRIDANS, Mighels. Colour light grey, with two

stripes of dark slate, extending back from the base of the superior

tentacles. Tentacles strongly clubbed, rather short and robust ;

mantle thick, of a yellowish-brown colour. When in motion longer

than the shell.

(Shell always dextral. Had. E. end of Oahu.)

ACHATINELLA DECIPIENS, Nob. Animal slate colour; upper

portion of tentacles intensely black ; mantle and bottom of foot light

slate.

(Shell often reversed. Hab. S.W. side of Oahu.)

ACHATINELLA RUTILA, Nob. Animal small for the size of the

shell, with long filiform tentacles, but slightly clubbed; colour light

fresh.

ACHATINELLA SUBVIRENS. Animal not observed.

ACHATINELLA RADIATA, Gould. Resides more than 100 miles

from A. grisea, and on a different island. The former is terrestrial,

the latter arboreal in its habits. The first is usually dextral, the

latter always sinistral. No comparison of the animals was made.

ACHATINELLA RUBIGINOSA, Nob. Has the mantle uniformly of

a light flesh colour, &c. A. teniolata, Pfeiffer, has the mantle

always of a dark brown or black.

ACHATINELLA GLABRA. No description, but is a very distinct

species from A. elegans, never being found associated in the same

localities ; the first is always dextral, the latter as often sinistral as

dextral.

ACHATINELLA RUBENS, Gould. Animal slate-coloured, traversed

311

when extended by numerous light-coloured lines; tentacles black ;

bottom of foot and mantle brown. Motions slow and timid.

Hab. Oahu.

ACHATINELLA Masrterst (var. from Molokai). Animal longer

than the shell; of a light flesh-colour, covered with minute granula-

tions, tipped with carmine; tentacles dark brown or black.

This animal is the most beautiful of the genus. Motions bold and

lively. Lives on the Olova, or native hemp, a large shrub. A.

rubens is found only on the ground.

ACHATINELLA PERDIX, Reeve. An arboreal species, often sini-

stral; inhabits West Mani. 4. Adamsi is usually found on the

ground ; only a single specimen out of five hundred is sinistral, and

this shows a greater variation from perdix than the dextral shells ;

six or seven varieties of perdix do not in any way identify the two

species.

ACHATINELLA Pict, Mighels. Animal densely black ; tentacles

long, slate-coloured ; mantle and foot brownish-black.

Hab. Mani.

ACHATINELLA TETRAO, Nob. Animal tessellated above with

brown and white; mantle dirty yellow; bottom of foot of same

colour, margined with white. Tentacles light brown.

Hab. Ranai. (Not published.)

AcuHaTINELLA HELENA, Nob., is extremely limited in its locality,

which has been twice carefully searched by myself, without dis-

covering larger specimens, dead or alive, that approach it in form.

Several of the specimens contained the young in the oviducts.

ACHATINELLA PHYSA, Nob. No opportunity has occurred for

examining the animal, but it is probably adult.

ACHATINELLA viRGULATA, Mighels. Animal, including mantle

and tentacles, varying from bluish to yellowish-white.

ACHATINELLA Reprieup1, Nob. Animal light flesh-colour ;

mantle dark slate.

ACHATINELLA TESSELLATA, Nob. Animal very large, dark slate,

with a black mantle.

7. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-SEVEN New SpeciEs OF SHELLS

FROM THE COLLECTION oF Hucu Cuming, Esa.

By Artuur Apams, F.L.S.

1. TrRrTon (CasesTaNa) BoLTENIANUS, A. Adams. T\. testa

ovato-ventricosa, subumbilicata, cinereo-fulvicante, epidermide

fusca obtecta ; anfractibus plicato-nodosis, lineis elevatis, cor-

rugatis, transversim liratis, liris inequalibus ; apertura ovata,

312

labio corrugato-plicato, canali brevi aperto, labro expanso fim-

briato, intus dentato-plicato.

Hab. Australia. (Mus. Cuming.)

The whorls in this species are nodosely plicate in the middle, and

the surface of the shell throughout is corrugated longitudinally.

2. Triron (CapesTaNA) aFRicaNnus, A. Adams. T. testa

ovato-ventricosa, umbilicata, albido-cinerascente, rufo fuscoque

variegata, anfractibus spiratis, supremis liris tribus elevatis,

nodulosis, spiralibus cinctis, ultimo sublevigato, cingulis trans-

versis, subobsoletis ornato, dorso nodoso, latere sinistro longi-

tudinaliter varicoso, varice nodoso, fusco alboque articulato ;

apertura ovali, labio levi, labro margine extus varicoso ac

nodoso-lirato, intus plicato.

Hab. Ichaboe; South Africa. (Mus. Cuming.)

A remarkable-looking shell, with the last whorl nearly smooth,

and the upper whorls with spiral elevated ridges.

3. TriTon pyrirormis, A. Adams. 7. testa pyriformi, stra-

minea, albo rufoque variegata, spira brevi, obtusa, anfractibus

quinque, transversim liratis, in medio serie duplicata tubercu-

lorum instructis, anfractu ultimo longitudinaliter subplicato ;

apertura ovata, labio transversim corrugato, canali mediocri,

recurvo, aperto, labro extus varicoso, intus plicato-lirato.

Hab. China. (Mus. Cuming.)

This species is pyriform, with a double row of compressed tuber-

cles in the middle of each whorl. There are no regular varices, and

the canal is recurved.

4. Trrron cometus, A. Adams. T'. testa fusiformi, sordide

carnea, varicibus albo rufoque variegatis ; spira elevata, an-

fractibus rotundatis, transversim crebre liratis, valde nodoso-

plicatis, varice unico instructis; anfractu ultimo nodulis duobus

elevatis ad dorsum ornato; apertura ovata, labio transversim

corrugato, canali longo, tenui, recurvo, labro extus varicoso,

intus dentato-lirato.

Hab. China. (Mus. Cuming.)

This species is of a dirty flesh-colour, with the varices variegated

with white and fuscous; the canal is slender, and recurved, and

there are two elevated nodules on the back of the last whorl.

5. Triron osscurus, A. Adams. T. testa fusiformi, fusca,

nigro-fusco variegata, epidermide pilosa obtecta; spira acumi-

nata, anfractibus transversim liratis ac longitudinaliter plicatis,

varice unico instructis ; apertura ovata, labio intus valde trans-

versim plicata, labro extus varicoso, intus dentato-plicato.

Hab. South coast of Africa. (Mus. Cuming.)

This is an ovately fusiform species, covered with a brown pilose

epidermis, with a single varix on each whorl, and with both lips of

the aperture corrugately plicated, the plaits in the inside of the

outer lip being almost dentiform.

313

6. Pisanra FiLaris, A. Adams. PP. testa ovato-acuminata,

testacea, spira producta, superne subcylindracea, apice obtusa ;

anfractibus septem, convewiusculis, longitudinaliter substriatis,

transversim liratis ; apertura ovali, columella ineurva, antice

uniplicata, oblique truncata, labro extus varicoso, intus sulcato,

margine acuto.

Hab. China. (Mus. Cuming.)

A very simple and elegant species, with a subcylindrical apex, and

possessing many of the characters of Metula and Truncaria.

7. ComineLtaA MAuURA, A. Adams. OC. festa ovato-fusiformi,

nigro-fusca, albo lineata ; anfractibus planiusculis, transversim

valde sulcatis, sulcis distantibus equalibus ; apertura ovali,

columella simplice, labro intus sulcato.

Hab. Darnley’s Island, Capt. Ince. (Mus. Cuming.)

This is a blackish-brown shell, in some specimens lineated with

white ; the whorls are constricted just below the sutures, and the

upper ones are longitudinally plicate and somewhat eroded.

8. ComINELLA QuoyaANna, A. Adams. C. testa fusiformi, spira

acuminata, albida, rufo-fusco maculata ; anfractibus octo, longi-

tudinaliter oblique plicatis, plicis superne subnodulosis, trans-

versim sulcatis; apertura ovali, columella antice uniplicata,

labro intus lirato.

Hab. New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.)

This shell is possibly a variety of the Buccinum costatum, Quoy

and Gaimard, which appears to be a very variable species; it has,

however, well-marked characters of its own.

9. PerIsTERNIA sTIGMATARIA, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusi-

formi, alba, maculis nigro-fuscis ornata, transversim lirata,

longitudinaliter plicata, plicis rotundis, spira acuminata, apice

atro-purpurea ; anfractibus convexiusculis, ad suturas maculis

nigro-fuscis cinctis, ultimo maculis castaneis cincto, antice nigro-

fusco tincto ; apertura ovali, columella antice plicis quatuor in-

structa, canali brevi, labro intus lirato.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Dr. Newcomb. (Mus. Cuming.)

A handsome species, with a zone of black-brown spots at the

sutures, and another series in the middle of the last whorl ; the beak

stained with brown-black.

10. PeERIsTERNIA NoDULOSA, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusi-

formi, umbilicata, albicante, cerina, subglabra, transversim ob-

solete sulcata, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicata, spira pyramidali,

ad suturas serie nodulorum cincta; anfractu ultimo in medio

obtuse angulato; apertura ovali, columella antice plicis obso-

letis instructa, labro intus valde lirato, margine antice angu-

lato, canali brevi, recurvo.

Hab. Australia. (Mus. Cuming.)

A peculiar whitish waxy-looking shell, with smooth nodulous whorls.

314

11. Latrrus armatus, A. Adams. L. testa ovato-fusiformi,

umbilicata, spira apertura breviore, fulva, epidermide fusca

obtecta; anfractibus longitudinaliter plicatis, lira prominenti

transversa (muricata ad plicas) in medio anfractuum ornatis,

ultimo liris minoribus instructo; apertura ovali, canali recto,

aperto, columella obsolete plicata, plicis quinque, labro intus

sulcato, margine crenato.

Hab. California. (Mus. Cuming.)

This is an ovately fusiform shell, with a muricated transverse

ridge in the middle of the whorls, which are covered with a brown

epidermis.

12. Latrrus Newcomatt, A. Adams. L. testa ovato-fusiformi,

spira aperturam equante, alba, apice basique atro-purpureo

tincta, serie macularum atro-purpurearum in medio anfrae-

tuum, et altera serie ad suturas ornata ; anfractibus longitudi-

naliter plicatis, transversim liratis; apertura ovali, columella

plicis paucis obsoletis instructa, labro intus sulcato.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Dr. Newcomb. (Mus. Cuming.)

This is a very pretty little species, of a white colour, stained at the

apex and base with blackish-purple, with a transverse row of blackish-

purple spots in the middle of the whorls and another row at the

sutures.

13. Latirus rtavipus, A. Adams. L. testa fusiformi, imper-

Sorata, pallide flava, spira aperturam equante ; anfractibus

longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis distantibus, rotundatis, trans-

versim crebre liratis, linea elevata transversa ad partem anti-

cam et liris verrucosis transversis ornata ; apertura ovato-qua-

drata, canali mediocri, aperto, labro intus sulcato, columella

plicis paucis obsoletis instructa.

Hab. Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

This is a simple yellow, somewhat smooth species, with a number

of transverse verrucose lire at the fore part of the last whorl.

14. Latirus necuectus, A. Adams. JL. testa turbinato-fusi-

formi, umbilicata, spira apertura longiore, sordide alba, fusco

tincta ; anfractibus convexiusculis, longitudinaliter plicatis,

plicis distantibus, crassis, rotundatis, transversim liratis, liris

inequalibus, ad plicas elevatis; apertura ovata, intus carnea,

canali brevi subrecurvo, columella antice obsolete plicata, labro

intus sulcato.

Hab. China. (Mus. Cuming.)

An umbilicated, turbinately-fusiform species, with the interior of

the aperture pink, and with a short, somewhat recurved canal.

15. Latirus pistinctus, A. Adams. L. testa fusiformi, spira

aperturam magis equante, alba; anfractibus longitudinaliter

plicatis, interstitiis atro-purpureo tinctis, liris duabus elevatis,

315

nodulosis ad plicas, et linea transversa elevata ad suturas in-

structis ; anfractu ultimo antice constricto ; apertura subqua-

drata, columella plicis quatuor instructa, canali aperto, labro

intus plicato.

Hab. ? (Mus. Cuming.)

This is a handsome white shell, with the interstices between the

longitudinal plicze stained of a dark purple colour.

16. Larrrus MARQuESANUS, A. Adams. JL. testa fusiformi,

umbilicata, sordide alba, rufo tincta, apice purpureo, spira

apertura longiore ; anfractibus septem, longitudinaliter plica-

tis, transversim liratis, liris asperis; anfractu ultimo antice

atro-purpureo tincto ; apertura ovali, canali mediocri, colu-

mella plicata, labro margine crenato.

Hab. Marquesas. (Mus. Cuming.)

The base of the last whorl is stained with purplish-black, as is also

the apex; the shell is umbilicated, and the plicee are rough, with

minute imbricate scales.

17. Lattrus presprectus, A. Adams. L. testa ovato-fusiformi,

umbilicata, spira aperturam cequante, fusca, lineis albis trans-

versis ornata, antice atro-purpureo tincta; anfractibus planius-

culis, longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis distantibus, rotundatis,

transversim liratis, liris subequalibus, confertis, supremis ad

suturas crenato-dentatis, suturis impressis; apertura ovata,

columella plicis quatuor subobsoletis instructa, canali brevi,

labro intus sulcato.

Hab. Chinese Seas. (Mus. Cuming.)

A small fusiform fuscous species, transversely lineated with white,

and stained at the fore part with blackish-violet.

18. Latirus evecans, A. Adams. L. testa fusiformi, albida,

spira aperturam equante ; anfractibus conveaxiusculis, longitu-

dinaliter plicatis, plicis validis, rotundis, transversim liratis,

interstitiis clathratis ; apertura ovali, columella triplicata,

canali subproducto, labro intus sulcato.

Hab. ? (Mus. Cuming.)

This is an elegant fusiform species, of a white colour, with rounded

plicate whorls, neatly clathrate in the interstices.

19. Latirrus contemptus, A. Adams. J. testa ovato-fusi-

formi, spira aperturam equante, pallide fusca, lineis elevatis,

transversis, rufo-fuscis ornata, longitudinaliter plicata ; aper-

tura ovata, columella plicis tribus subnodulosis instructa,

labro postice sinuato, margine crenulato, intus liris elevatis

instructo.

Hab. West Indies. (Mus. Cuming.)

A small brown species, ornamented with transverse red-brown

lines, and with the outer lip sinuated at the hind part; the plice

are rib-like, and rather nodulous at the transverse elevated lines.

316

20. Latirus pecoratus, A. Adams. L. testa ovato-fusiform,

alba, castaneo varie tincta, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim

lirata, liris majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus, duabus ad

suturas moniliformibus ; apertura ovali, canali brevi, columella

plicis tribus instructa, labro intus sulcato.

Hab. New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.)

This is a pretty little species ; white, with chestnut markings, and

with a double series of granules encircling the whorls at the sutures.

21. Larrrus Srraneet, A. Adams. L. testa fusiformi, umbili-

cata, flavida, spira aperturam equante, anfractibus longitudi-

naliter plicatis et liners transversis, elevatis, subnodulosis cincta,

suturis impressis ; anfractu ultimo antice coarctato; apertura

ovali, columella antice plicata, canali mediocri, labro intus

lirato.

Hab. Sydney, Mr. Strange. (Mus. Cuming.)

This species is of a pale yellow colour, ornamented with transverse

red-brown lines, and with the canal moderate and turned to the left.

Some varieties are straw-coloured without the lines, and tinged with

blackish-violet at the fore part.

22. Evcuetus proximus, A. Adams. LZ. testa globoso-conica,

anguste umbilicata, albida, nigro punctata, anfractibus rotun-

datis, suturis impressis, cingulis asperulatis, equalibus, trans-

versis, interstitiis clathratis ornatis ; columella tuberculo parvo

terminata ; labro intus sulcato.

Hab. Moluccas. (Mus. Cuming.)

In colour and markings this species somewhat resembles LF. asper,

but it is narrowly umbilicated, and there is a distinct tubercular

tooth at the fore part of the columella.

23. EvcHetvus inpicus, A. Adams. L£. testa globoso-conica,

imperforata, grisea, cingulis transversis, inequalibus, con-

fertis, moniliformi ornata, anfractibus rotundis ; columella ad

basin tuberculo acuto instructa ; labro expanso, intus valde

lirato.

Hab. Bombay. (Mus. Cuming.)

This is a solid, imperforate, grey-coloured species, of the same

dimensions and style of sculpture as HZ. denigratus, Chemn., but

quite distinct specifically.

24, CLancuuus pvEpictus, A. Adams. C. testa conoidea, pseudo-

umbilicata, albida, viridi fuscoque radiatim picta, cingulis

subgranosis, inequalibus ornata, anfractibus planis, ultimo ad

peripheriam angulato; margine umbilici simplice ; columella su-

perne uniplicata, inferne tuberculis tribus parvis instructa ;

intus lirato, margine levi.

Hab. Bombay. (Mus. Cuming.)

A prettily variegated, conical species, somewhat resembling a

Polydonta in appearance.

25. CHLOROSTOMA FUNEBRALE, A. Adams. C. testa turbinata,

317

imperforata, nigra, glabra, longitudinaliter oblique striata, ad

suturas crenulata, anfractibus convexiusculis, ultimo rotundato,

basi planiusculo, regione umbilicali valde impressa, callo albo

obtecta ; columella superne sinuata, antice bituberculata, tuber-

culo supremo prominente ; labro nigro marginato.

Hab. California. (Mus. Cuming.)

This species is somewhat like C. mcestum, Jonas, but the spiral

callus surrounding the umbilicus is not prominent as in that species.

26. Puiuippra Layarpi, A. Adams. P. testa depresso-conica,

late umbilicata, fulva, albido maculata, anfractibus planius-

culis, levigatis, ad suturas cingulis duabus instructis, anfractu

ultimo ad peripheriam angulato, cingulis tribus ornato, basi

planiusculo, cingulis granorum (circa regione umbilicali) in-

structo, margine umbilici crenulato.

Hab. Ceylon, Mr. Layard. (Mus. Cuming.)

A brownish-yellow species, with the margin keeled, and with the

surface of the valves smooth.

27. PuruipprA oxyTropis, A. Adams. P. testa conico-depressa,

discoidea, late umbilicata, albida, luteo fuscoque variegatim

picta, nucleo magno, albido, vitreo, anfractibus planiusculis,

transversim lineatis, ad suturas cingulis duobus elevatis in-

structis ; ad peripheriam acute angulata, cingulis duobus cincta,

basi convexiuscula ; margine umbilici crenato, corrugato.

Hab. New Caledonia. (Mus. Cuming.)

A pretty variegated species, with a large smooth glassy nucleus,

and with the periphery acutely keeled.

8. Descriptions or New SHELLS FROM THE COLLECTION OF

Huex Cumine, Ese. By M. G. P. DesHayss.

1. PsammosiA MAxIMA, Desh. P. testa magna, ovato-transversa,

compressiuscula, solida, valde inequilaterali, utroque latere hiante,

transversim inequaliter et obsolete striata, postice subundulata, ad

margines epidermide fusca vestita, albo-lutescente, roseo radiata,

intus alba, vel flavido tincta ; latere antico brevi, late rotundato,

tantummodo attenuato; latere postico oblique rotundato, suban-

gulato ; umbonibus depressis, latis, obliquis, vix prominentibus ;

cardine dextro unidentato, dente compresso acuminato, sinistro

sub-bidentato, dentibus angustissimis, parum prominentibus ;

nymphis maximis, prominentibus, latis ; sinu pallii magno, pro-

fundo, latissimo.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

2. Psammosia Nivosa, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, solidula,

compressiuscula, utroque latere hiante, inequilaterali, transversim

318

substriata, roseo-purpurascente, maculis sparsis, niveis irrorata,

intus albo-rosea, superne purpurea, flavescenti-bimaculata ; latere

antico breviore, late rotundato, postico latiore, superne recto, non

declivi, horizontali, late obtuse truncato; umbonibus minimis, de-

pressis, latis, vix prominentibus ; cardine inequaliter bidentato,

altero unidentato ; sinu pallii profundo, apice latiore, truncato.

Hab. Philippine Islands (Negros). Coll. Cuming.

3. PSAMMOBIA ORIENS, Desh. PP. testa ovato-transversa, satis

lata, nitida, solidula, inequilaterali, transversim substriata, in

latere postico inequaliter sulcata, pallide rosea, roseo-purpuras-

cente eleganter radiata et lineolis angulosis, irregularibus ornata,

intus albo-rosea ; latere antico breviore, superne subrecto, parum

declivi, late obtuso ; latere postico late et oblique truncato ; nymphis

magnis, latis, prominentibus ; cardine bidentato, altero unidentato ;

dentibus angustis, valde prominentibus ; sinu pallii profundo,

digitiformi.

Var. 3. Testa ad apices violacea, lineolis angulosis destituta.

Hab. Sea of Japan. Coll. Cuming.

4. Psammosta LATA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, lata, de-

pressa, solida, inequilaterali, inequaliter transversim striata,

epidermide fuscescente, postice irregulariter semiplicata vestita, ad

umbones roseo-purpurascente, ad margines albo-flavescente ; late-

ribus equaliter rotundatis, superne convexo-declivibus ; margine

‘ inferiore convexiusculo ; cardine angusto, in utraque valva biden-

tato, dentibus angustis, prominentibus ; sinu pallii lato, pro-

Sundo, apice obtusissimo ; valvis intus albo pallide violascentibus.

Hab. Central America; Sancta Elena. Coll. Cuming.

5. Psammosia TOGATA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, tumi-

dula, inequilaterali, extremitatibus sensim attenuata, attamen

antice rotundata et breviore, postice oblique truncata, epidermide

JSusco-virente, margines superante, vestita, ad umbones decidua

vel erosa ; valvis intus extusque albis ; cardine angusto, bidentato,

altero unidentato, dentibus compressis, approximatis, acuminatis ;

sinu pallii magno, oblique ascendente, dilatato.

Had. Philippine Islands. Coil. Cuming.

6. PSAMMOBIA TRISTIS, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, de-

pressiuscula, solidula, subequilaterali, transversim inequaliter

substriata, albo-grisea, obscure violaceo radiata, intus pallide vio-

lacea ; latere antico paulo longiore, lateribus superne atque postice

e@qualiter declivibus, antico late obtuso, postico late obtuse trun-

cato, subangulato ; cardine angusto, bidentato, altero unidentato,

dentibus apice bifidis ; sinu pallii profundo, lato, apice obtuso,

marginibus parallelis.

Hab. Amboina. Coll. Cuming.

Ae PsaMMOBIA GRATA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

equilaterali, solidula, tumidula, antice obtusa, breviore, postice

319

subtruncata, transversim obsolete striata, alba, pallide violaceo

multiradiata, radiis albo maculatis, lineolis longitudinalibus,

irregularibus, notatis, intus alba; cardine unidentato, altero bi-

dentato, dentibus obtusis, apice bifidis ; sinu pallii lato, profundo,

apice obtuso, marginibus parallelis.

Hab. Amboina. Coll. Cuming.

8. PsAMMOBIA ZELANDICA, Desh. PP. testa ovato-transversa,

equilaterali, breviuscula, utroque lutere rotundata, compressa,

transversim obsolete et irregulariter striata, alba, radiis rubro-

purpureis, interruptis seu maculatis ornata, intus alba, radiis pal-

lidioribus ; sinu pallii magno, lato, profundo, elliptico.

Hab. New Zealand.

9. PSAMMOBIA INTERMEDIA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa,

convexiuscula, solida, equilaterali, albida, roseo grate radiata,

transversim rugosa, rugis profundis, paulisper undulatis, postice

crassioribus, latioribus, irregularibus ; latere antico late rotun-

dato, semi-elliptico, postico declivi, paululum attenuato, oblique

extremitate truncato; cardine bidentato, altero unidentato; sinu

pallit profundo, lato, ad apicem subsinuoso ; valvis intus pallide

violaceis.

Hab. Coast of Portugal.

10. Psammosia mopvesta, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, solida, convexiuscula, subequilaterali, transversim satis

regulariter striata, striis ad umbones et latus posticum evanescen-

tibus, albida, roseo-purpurascente pauci-radiata ; latere antico

paulo longiore, obtuso, superne fere recto, inferne magis arcuato,

postico superne recto, subangulato; cardine angusto, maculis

duabus vivide violaceis-notato, bidentato, altero unidentato ; val-

vulis intus albo-violascentibus ; sinu pallit profundo, superne de-

clivi, extremitate attenuato.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Coll. Cuming.

11. Psammosia CANDIDULA, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

tumidula, crassiuscula, subequilaterali, levigata, irregulariter

incremento interrupta, albido pallide flavescente ; latere antico

paulo longiore, superne fere recto, paulo declivi, obtuso ; latere

postico paulo latiore, obtuse subangulato ; umbonibus minimis,

prominulis ; valvis intus albis; sinu pallit profundo, angusto,

horizontali, marginibus parallelis.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Coll. Cuming.

12. PsAMMOBIA MENKEANA, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, depressiuscula, tenui, fragili, equilaterali, albo-flaves-

cente, vel pallide violascente, intus saturatiore violacea; latere

antico late rotundato, postico obtuse truncato, obtusissime angu-

lato; cardine solidiusculo, bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus

inequaliter bifidis ; sinu pallii profundo, subtriangulari, apice

320

obtuso, superne valde declivi et convexiusculo ; valvis inequaliter

extus striatis, striis ad latus posticum interruptis.

Hab. East coast of Australia. Coll. Cuming.

13. PsammMosia aneusta, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, longe ellipsoidea, equilaterali, tenui, fragili, convexius-

cula, transversim obsolete et inequaliter striata, candida, aliquando

posterius flavescente, intus pallide violascente vel alba, extremi-

tatibus equaliter obtusis, margine superiore inferiori parallelo ;

cardine angustissimo, bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus apice

bifidis ; sinu pallii elongato, apice angusto, attenuato, superne

declivi, basi dilatato.

Hab. Senegal. Coll. Cuming.

14. PsammMopia PuELLA, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

tenui, depressa, inequilaterali, nitida, tenui regulariter trans-

versim striata, striis depressis, in latere postico latioribus, ruge-

formibus, alba, ad umbones nitide violacea, roseo eleganter radiata,

intus pallide violascente ; latere antico longiore, obtuso, superne

convexiusculo, rotundato ; latere postico angustiore, convexiusculo,

obtuse subangulato ; linea impressa pallii antice margine valde

remota, sinu profundo, ad extremitatem superne declivi, attenuato.

Hab. Australia. Coll. Cuming.

15. PsammMosia ANOMALA, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

tenui, fragili, tumidula, subequilaterali, nitida, aliquantisper

hyalina, roseo-purpurascente vel violascente obsolete radiata,

transversim oblique minute striata, striis ad latus posticum

evanidis; latere antico paulo attenuato, obtuso, postico paulo

latiore, truncato, angulo oblique decurrente distincto ; valvis intus

pallide roseo-violaceis ; cardine angusto, bidentato, altero uni-

dentato, dentibus lateralibus subequalibus, prominulis, elongatis,

angustis ; sinu pallit lato, profundo, late obtuso,

Hab. Philippine Islands, Zebu. Coll. Cuming.

16. PsammMosia TENUIS, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

convexiuscula, tenui, hyalina, fragili, inequilaterali, pallide rosea,

oblique tenuissime et regulariter striata, striis ad latus posticum

abrupte terminatis ; latere antico longiore, paulo attenuato, superne

vix convexo ; latere postico latiore, late truncato, superne recto ;

nymphis brevibus, angustis, via prominentibus ; cardine angustis-

simo, inequaliter bidentato, dentibus minimis, majoribus bifidis ;

sinu pallii latissimo, profundo, late obtuso.

Var. (3. Testa paulo solidiore, rosea, eleganter pallide purpurascente

radiata.

Hab. Philippine Islands. Var. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

17. PsammosiA PETALINA, Desh. P. testa minima, compressa,

tenui, pellucida, fragili, inequilaterali, nitida, obsolete transversim

striata, pallide albo-violascente, violaceo quinqueradiata, radiis

321

inequalibus, medianis sepius latioribus; latere antico elongato,

obtuso, margine superiore recto, inferiore parallelo ; latere postico

brevi, angustiore, rotundato ; ligamento brevi, prominente ; valvis

intus pallide violaceis; sinu pallii lato, profundo, horizontali,

marginibus parallelis.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

18. Psammopia compta, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

equilaterali, compressa, tenui, fragili, levigata substriatave, latere

postico valve dextre regulariter tenue plicato, plicis subimbri-

catis, pallide griseo-violacea, violaceo-rufescente eleganter radiata,

lineolis interruptis, confertis, irregulariter reticulata ; latere an-

tico semi-elliptico, obtuso, postico oblique truncato, subflexo, angulo

obtuso, oblique decurrente partito ; cardine angustissimo; nymphis

callosis, prominentibus, intus vivide purpureo-violaceis ; sinu pallit

profundo, lato, horizontali, ad apicem superne declivi; valvis intus

pallide purpureo-violaceis, radiis saturatioribus eleganter pictis.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

19. PsammosprA OBLONGA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa,

depressa, tenui, equilaterali, extremitatibus equaliter obtusa, ob-

solete striata, nitida, albo-violascente, minute violaceo radiata, ad

umbones atro-violacea, lineis tenuissimis, irregularibus, inter-

ruptis, longitudinalibus quasi fissurata ; latere postico oblique et

obtusissime angulato, supra angulum valvule deztre striis undu-

lato-imbricatis notato ; valvulis intus vivide violaceis ; sinu pallii

profundo, lato, superne ad extremitatem declivi, attenuato.

Hab. 2

20. PsamMosiA stTriATA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, de-

pressa, solidula, inequilaterali, transversim tenue et regulariter

striata, striis ad latus posticum in zonula obliqua minus numerosis,

inter se confluentibus, in latere postico tenuibus et regularibus ;

latere antico longiore, obtuso, superne paululum declivi et con-

vexiusculo, postico obtuso, subangulato, oblique subtruncato ; car-

dine angusto, bidentato, altero unidentato, dente antico valvule

dextre apice fisso et dilatato; nymphis brevibus, angustis ; sinu

pallii lato, profundo, late obtuso ; valvis albo-griseis, aliquantisper

violaceo-rufescente radiatis, intus pallide violaceo-purpureis.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

21. PsAMMOBIA TRIPARTITA, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

anguste ellipsoidea, compressa, equilaterali, violacea, maculis

minimis, albis, confluentibus, irregulariter sparsis notata, seu

obscure albido radiata, transversim striata, striis antice latis et

planis, in medio bipartitis, duplo numerosioribus, in latere postico

subito lamellosis, imbricatis, acutis ; latere antico semi-elliptico,

superne inferneque fere equaliter convexiusculo, obtuso; latere

postico paulo latiore, oblique truncato, angulo acutiusculo inferne

terminato, angulo obtuso, obsoleto ab umbone decurrente ; liga-

No. CCLXXX.—Procerpinés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

322

mento magno, cylindraceo, prominente ; valvis intus violaceis ;

sinu pallii profundo, lato, subtriangulari, inferne obliquato.

Var. 6. Testa minore, angustiore, violaceo-rubescente.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

22. PsamMoBIA INSIGNIS, Desh. P. testa magna, elongato-

transversa, compressa, subequilaterali, solidiuscula, violaceo-ru-

bescente, rubro-purpurascente pauci-radiata, radiis maculis irre-

gularibus, interruptis formatis, transversim tenue sulcato-striata,

siriis ad apices tenuibus, ad margines crassioribus et profun-

dioribus ; latere antico semi-elliptico, obtuso, superne inferneque

equaliter convexiusculo ; latere postico superne recto, paululum

declivi, angulo carinato distincto, supra angulum latere postico

carina altera seriatim granulosa bipartiio ; striis in latere postico

sublamellosis, in carinis prominentioribus, margine postico oblique

truncato, inferne acute angulato ; valvis intus vivide violaceis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

23. PSAMMOBIA BICARINATA, Desh. P. testa transversa, elon-

gata, angusta, depressa, solidula, equilaterali, atro-violacea vel pur-

pureo-violascente,violaceo saturatiore obsolete radiata, transversim

sulcata, sulcis aliquantisper ad marginem inferiorem obliquatis ;

latere antico semi.-elliptico, postico oblique recteque truncato, vivide

angulato, carinis duabus acutis, divergentibus separato, area pro-

Sunda, angusta, angulo arcuato distincta, lunula elongata, angustis-

sima ; latere postico valvule dextre eleganter clathrato ; dentibus

lateralibus remotis, obsoletis, attamen perspicuis ; valvis intus vio-

laceis vel purpureis.

Hab. Madagascar, Zanzibar.

24, PsamMosia ELEGANS, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, compressa, equilaterali, transversim rugoso-plicata, rugis

convevis, upproximatis, depressis, sepius paulo undulatis ; latere

antico obtuso, semi-elliptico, postico oblique truncato, carinis dua-

bus acutis, crenulatis notato, supra carinam in valva dextra ele-

ganter clathrato, in sinistra simpliciter plicato, margine superiore

postico recto, ad umbones concaviusculo ; cardine angusto, biden-

tato, altero unidentato, dentibus minimis, majoribus bifidis ; sinu

pallii lato, profundo, horizontali, acuminato, superne declivi ;

valvis tenuibus, albis, eleganter intus extusque violaceo radiatis.

Hab. £

25. PsAMMOBIA PR&STANS, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

convexiuscula, tenui, inequilaterali, transversim et ablique minute

et regulariter striata, ad latus posticum striis subito interruptis ;

latere antico breviore, superne convexiusculo, obtuso ; latere pos-

tico latiore, angulo obtuso oblique decurrente separato, striis radi-

antibus, parum elevatis ornato, prope umbones tenutssime decus-

sato; sinu pallii profundo, lato, apice late obtuso; colore varia-

bila.

323

Var. B. Testa atro-violacea, maculis nivosis irregulariter sparsis.

intus violaceo-alba.

Var. y. Testa roseo-purpurascente, fusco eleganter pauci-radiata,

maculis albis nubeculata, intus albo-purpurascente.

Hab. Moluccas. Coll. Cuming.

26. Psammosia Layarot, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa, de-

pressa, equilaterali, transversim oblique et minute striata, striis

ad latus posticum valve sinistre abrupte terminatis, in valva

dextra continuis, et supra angulum obtusum lineis tenuibus longi-

tudinalibus decussatis ; latere antico semi-elliptico, superne con-

vexiusculo; latere postico angulo subcarinato distincto, superne

recto, non declivi, paulo angustiore, extremitate obtuso; valvis

solidiusculis, extus pallide roseo-violaceis, albo irregulariter macu-

latis et fusco subradiatis, intus albo-purpurascentibus, nymphis

obscure violaceo tinctis.

Hab. Philippines.

27. PSAMMOBIA ORNATA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

ventricosa, solida, inequilaterali, elliptica, albo pallide violas-

cente, violaceo pallido marmorata, albo maculata, et rubro-cas-

taneo interruptim radiata, ad umbones rufa, intus albo-violacea,

in medio macula rufa notata; latere antico paulo longiore, late

obtuso, postico equaliter lato, obtuso, transversim et oblique tenue

striato, striis in valva sinistra ad latus posticum, levigatum in-

terruptis, in valva dextra cum rugis posticalibus undulatis conti-

nuis ; nymphis brevibus, violaceis; sinu pallii magno, profundo,

late obtuso.

Var. 3. Testa depressiore, pallidiore, striis rugisque crassioribus.

Hab. Philippines, Ticao. Coll. Cuming.

28. PsammMosiaA AMa=NA, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, depressa, tenui, pellucida, equilaterali, transversim regu-

lariter striata, striis antice latioribus, in medio furcatis, postice

in valva dextra evanescentibus, subobsoletis, in valva sinistra con-

tinuis, striis octo radiantibus decussatis, alba, pallidissime violas-

cente, violaceo pallido tenue maculata et obsolete radiata ; latere

antico superne fere recto, paululum declivi, sensim attenuato,

postico paulo latiore, oblique truncato, superne recto, vix declivi,

angulo obtusissimo ab umbonibus decurrente distincto, margine

inferiore fere recto ; ligamento prominente, cylindraceo ; valvis

intus albis, nymphis violaceis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

29. PsammosiA PALLIDA, Desh. P. testa transversa, compressi-

uscula, tenui, hyalina, subequilaterali, pallide sulphurea vel violas-

cente, obscure violaceo pallido radiata, latere untico paulo bre-

viore, attenuato, superne paulo declivi, postico latiore, subflexuoso,

oblique truncato, levigato ; cardine angusto ; nymphis elongatis,

angustis, violaceo-roseis ; sinu pallii subtrigono, horizontali, apice

acuminato, superne declivi ; valvis oblique eleganter striatis, striis

324

confertis, transversalibus, decussantibus, ad latus posticum inter-

ruptis, lineolis irregularibus, longitudinalibus, undulatis, inter-

ruptis reticulatis.

Hab. Red Sea.

30. PsaMMosiA RUBICUNDA, Desh. P. testa pulcherrima, ovato-

transversa, tenui, utroque latere paululum hiante, subequilaterali,

tenue et regulariter oblique striata, striis confertis, acutiusculis, ad

latus posticum valvule sinistre abrupte interruptis, latere postico

late plicato, in valva dextra striis cum posticalibus continuis, non

interruptis, vivide purpureo-rubente, maculis minimis, albis, irre-

gulariter sparsis, radiisque angustis, violascentibus in latere postico

divergentibus ; latere antico breviore, obtuso, postico paulo latiore,

oblique truncato et obtuso; cardine angusto, nymphis brevibus,

intus callosis, callo vivide purpureo ; valvis tenuibus, intus purpu-

reis, albo nubeculatis.

Var. B. Testa magis rubra, maculis albis, majoribus, minus nume-

rosis.

Hab. Philippines, Ticao. Coll. Cuming.

31. PsammMosBria CorRUGATA, Desh. PP. testa ovato-transversa,

convexiuscula, inequilaterali, rubro-violascente, albo irregulari-

ter maculata et rubro-violaceo saturatiore subradiata, transversim

oblique dense striata, in latere postico late et irregulariter rugosa,

rugis cum striis continuis ; latere antico breviore, late rotundato,

postico parum dilatato, superne recto; cardine bidentato, altero

unidentato, nymphis violaceis ; sinu pallii profundo, obtuse tri-

gono, superne declivi, basi dilatato.

Var. B. Testa omnino candida.

Hab. Philippines, Zebu. Coll. Cuming.

32. PsAMMOBIA MARMOREA, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa,

compressiuscula, solidula, subequilaterali, transversim regulariter

et oblique striata, striis acutiusculis, ad latus posticum inter-

ruptis, sub epidermide tenui, albo-violascente, rubro-purpurascente

Susco et albo marmorata, maculis albis, minimis, sepius trans-

versis, maculis rubro-purpureis, elongatis, radiis interruptis

simulantibus ; latere antico breviore, paulo angustiore, obtuso,

postico subtruncato, obsolete oblique biflexo, plicis latis, depressis,

subimbricatis notato ; cardine angusto, nymphis intus callosis,

roseo-purpureis ; sinu pallii lato, profundo, obtuso.

Var. 8. Testa latiore, pallidiore, inequaliter radiata.

Hab. Darnley Island.

Var. 3. New Holland (Sydney); Moluccas.

33. Psammosia ABrRupta, Desh. P. testa elongato-angusta,

transversa, tenui, pellucida, equilaterali, compressa, lutea, obso-

lete rubescente pauci-maculata, transversim regulariter costu-

lata, costulis obtusis, viz obliquis, postice abrupte interruptis ;

latere postico compresso, costulis radiantibus, simplicibus, latis

325

ornato, superne recto, ad extremitatem rotundatim truncato,

margine inferiore fere recto.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

34, PSAMMOBIA PULCHERRIMA, Desh. P. testa minima, elongato-

angusta, transversa, subaquilateralh, compressa, tenui, fragili,

roseo-violascente, obsolete albo radiata, intus pallide purpuras-

cente, oblique transversim costata, costis simplicibus, depressis,

superne acutiusculis, ad latus posticum subito interruptis ; la-

tere postico costulis radiantibus, syuamoso-scabris ornato, mar-

ginibus parumper hiantibus, denticulatis ; latere antico paulo

longiore, superne recto, parum declivi, postico latiore truncato ;

sinu pallii lato, profundo, tenut, ovali.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

35. PSAMMOBIA PENNATA, Desh. PP. testa ovato-transversa,

compressiuscula, subequilaterali, satis lata, albo-grisea, albo et

rufo-rubescente irregulariter minute maculata, latere antico

late rotundato, striis tenuissimis, perobliquis, regularibus

abrupte terminatis, ornato; latere postico depressiusculo, an-

gulo obtuso bipartito, striis distantioribus, in angulo regulariter

divaricatis notato, parte superiore striarum ad marginem supe-

riorem ascendentibus, parte altera ad marginem infertorem in-

cumbentibus, cum prioribus angulum acutum formantibus ; car-

dine bidentato, altero unidentato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

36. PsAMMOBIA DISPAR, Desh. P. testa ovato-transversa, de-

pressa, tenui, fragili, inequilaterali, pallide lutea, aliquantisper

rufo irregulariter marmorata ; latere antico longiore, lato, in-

ferne convexo, striis tenuissimis, confertissimis, perobliquis

ornato, ad latus posticum striis aliquibus acutissime angulosis,

interruptis ; latere postico brevi, attenuato, superne recto,

parum declivi, costis decem divergentibus, crassis, latis, fere

horizontalibus ornato, angulum acutum cum striis posticalibus

primis formantibus; cardine bidentato, altero unidentato, nym-

phis minimis, violaceis.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

37. PSAMMOBIA PALMULA, Desh. P. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, depressa, arcuata, inequilateralh, tenui, fragili, ob-

lique costulata, costulis antice minimis, postice latioribus, con-

tinuis, prominentibus, rotundatis, radiantibus, albo-lutescente,

maculis minimis aliquibus rubris, sparsis; latere antico bre-

tiore, superne recto, antice obtuso, inferne arcuato; latere

postico attenuato, oblique truncato, margine postico hiante,

plicato, subdenticulato; nymphis intus violaceo maculatis ;

sinu pallit lato, apice late obtuso.

Var. 8. Testa angustiore, costulis postice interruptis, postica-

326

libus subsquamosis ; striis lirisve longitudinalibus in latere

antico divergentibus.

Hab. New Holland, Sydney.

38. SANGUINOLARIA VITREA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa,

conveaiuscula, inequilaterali, tenui, candida, vitrea, nitida,

tenuissime et irregulariter striata ; latere antico breviore, regu-

lariter semicirculari ; latere postico superne recto, vix declivi,

extremitate angustato, margine inferiore valde convexo, late

semicirculart ; cardine angusto, in utraque valva inequaliter

bidentato, dentibus majoribus apice bifidis ; sinu pallit superne

valde producto, acute angulato, oblique descendente, et tri-

angulum equilateralem formante.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

39. GASTROCHZENA PUPINA, Desh. G. vagina crassa, brevi, cla-

vata, transversim articulata, levigata, nulla corpora aliena

agglutinante, in cavitate valvule afixa. Testa minima, tenui,

alba, hyalina, hiantissima, hiatu amplissimo quasi teste per

mediam partem resecto, oblique inequaliter bipartita, coarc-

tata, extremitate postica clausa, obtusa, attenuata; latere

antico satis longo, incumbente, cucullato ; umbonibus promi-

nulis, oblique terminalibus ; valvis levigatis, postice sutura

brevi, carinata ; margine aperture dorsali, parallelo.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Coll. Cuming.

40. GasTROCHENA APERTIssIMA, Desh. G. testa elongata,

cuneiformi, inflata, tenui, fragili, per totam altitudinem teste

antice inferneque hiantissima, alba, tenui, pellucida, antice

brevissima, margine inferiore fere recto, posteriore obtuso, con-

vexo, superiore paulo obliquo ; valvis tenuissime striatis, striis in

latere antico transversalibus, in medio secundum lineam obli-

quam fractis, in area superiore armatis, pluribus majoribus,

subequidistantibus ; ligamento angusto, elongato, nigrescente.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

41. GasrRocHENA MacRoscuismMa, Desh. G. testa ovata, brevi,

ventricosa, tenui, fragili, candida, antice hiantissima, hiatu

subcordiformi, lato, obliquo, et fere totam altitudinem teste

equante; valvis trapezoidalibus, tenuissime striatis, striis in

latere antico tenuissimis, appressis, in medio distantioribus,

erectis, sublamellosis ; latere postico obtuso, superne in sutura

eristato ; umbonibus tumidis, postice depressiusculis ; latere an-

tico brevi, recto; sinu pallii parum profundo, apice acuto, tri-

angulari, subequilaterali.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

42. GastRocHzNA L&vIGATA, Desh. G. testa ovato-cuneiformi,

tenui, pellucida, fragili, candidissima, ventricosa, late hiante,

hiatu cordiformi, dimidiam partem teste paulo superante; valvis

levigatis ; latere antico striis aliquibus regularibus, ad mediam

327

partem arcuatis et evanescentibus; umbonibus minimis, obliquis,

approwimatis ; latere antico brevissimo, recto.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

43. GASTROCHENA TENERA, Desh. G. testa elongato-angusta,

tenut, pellucida, compressiuscula, antice angusta, postice paulo

latiore, subdilatata, antice apertissima, hiatu totam altitudi-

nem equante, lateraliter paulo sinuoso ; valvis antice inequalt-

ter tenue striatis, in medio distanter arcuato-subplicatis ; um-

bonibus tumidulis, subterminalibus ; latere antico brevi, sub-

horizontali, in sutura cristato, et emarginato; sinu pallu magno,

profundo, triangulari, apice acutissimo, basi lato.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

44, GasTROCHENA HUMILIs, Desh. G. testa parva, elongate-

ovata, tumida, tenui, alba, hyalina, fragili, apertura antica ovato-

acuminata, dimidiam partem teste viv equante, oblique secta

et rectilinea ; valvis subtrapezoidalibus, regulariter striato-sub-

lamellosis, striis continuis, antice approximatis, in medio paulo

distantioribus et prominentioribus; umbonibus tumidulis, ap-

proximatis ; latere antico brevissimo, in sutura cristato, parum

obliquo ; ligamento angusto, elongato, nigro.

Hab. Philippines, Zebu (Cuming). West Indies (Mus. Brit.).

45. GASTROCH2&ZNA INTERSECTA, Desh. G. testa ovato-oblonga,

brevi, cuneiformi, tenui, fragili, candida, oblique hianée, hiatu

ovato, acuminato, dimidiam partem teste equante, valvis sub-

spathulatis, antice angustis, postice dilatatis, striatis, striis

anticis regularibus, extremitate detectis, equidistantibus, arcu-

atis et in medio evanescentibus et medianis interpositis, striis

medianis inequalibus, majoribus distantibus ; latere antico bre-

vissimo, fere nullo ; umbonibus minimis, subterminalibus.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

46. GAsTROCHZNA IMPRESSA, Desh. G. testa elongato-cunei-

formi, subovata, inflata, antice inferneque amplissime aperta ;

hiatu totam longitudinem teste equante, margine lateraliter

. oblique arcuato, antice angusto ; valvis tenuibus, subtrapezot-

dalibus, in medio sulco vix impresso bipartitis, parte antica

tenue transversim striata, stris in sulco subfractis, parte

postica arcuatim et irregulariter sulcato-striata, in latere

postico striis oblique ascendentibus ; umbonibus tumidulis,

postice obtuse subangulatis, fere terminalibus ; ligamento an-

gustissime elongato, partim immerso.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

47. GASTROCHENA DENTICULATA, Desh. G. testa ovato-ventri-

cosa, brevi, solidula, lata, hiantissima, hiatu ovato, lato, inferne

attenuato et tertiam partem posticam teste attingente ; valvis

subtrapezoidalibus, transversim striato-lamellosis, in latere an-

tico striis imbricatis, crispato-denticulatis, in latere postico

328

erectis, distantioribus ; latere antico satis elongato, recto, in

sutura cristato ; umbonibus tumidulis, subumbilicatis ; liga-

mento angusto, elongato, fulvo.

Hab. Columbia. Coll. Cuming.

48. GasTrocH2£Na pDiFriciuis, Desh. G. testa elongato-trans-

versa, ovata, cuneiformi, compressiuscula, oblique longe hiante,

hiatu ovato-oblongo, inferne attenuato, fere totam longitudinem

teste aquante; valvis trapezoidalibus, tenue striatis ; striis

tenuissimis, erectis, angustissimis, in latere antico confertiori-

bus ; umbonibus minimis ; latere antico brevissimo, recto ; liga-

mento elongato, rufo, angusto.

Hab. Western India. Coll. Cuming.

49. GASTROCHZNA LAMELLOSA, Desh. G. testa elongato-an-

gusta, tenui, fragili, candida, hyalina, compressiuscula, longe

hiante, margine antice paululum excavato, in medio convexo,

hiatu longissimo, infernevaldeattenuato, fere totam altitudinem

teste equante ; valvis antice valde attenuatis, rostratis, postice

obtusis, rotundatis, antice tenuissime striatis, striis erectis, ap-

pressis, in medio distantioribus, breviter lamellosis, eleganter

armatis, regularibus ; umbonibus minimis, approximatis, sub-

umbilicatis ; latere antico brevissimo, subrostrato ; ligamento

angustissimo, nigro.

Hab. Philippines, Zebu. Coll. Cuming.

50. GasTROCHENA PHILIPPINENSIS, Desh. G. testa elongato-

angusta, subovata, compressiuscula, tenui, alba, antice inferneque

oblique hiante, hiatu ovato, inferne acuminato, dimidiam partem

teste paulo superante; valvis tenue striato-lamellosis, striis

arcuatis secundum peripheriam valvarum antice tenuibus, ap-

proximatis, in medio latioribus, sublamellosis ; margine supe-

riore postico paulo carinato ; umbonibus minimis ; latere antico

brevi, recto, subrostrato.

Hab, Philippines, Zebu. Coll. Cuming. é

51. GASTROCHZNA INDISTINCTA, Desh. G. testa ovato-elon-

gata, angusta, cuneiformi, tenui, alba, oblique truncata, elongato-

hiante, hiatu elongato, acuminato, angustiusculo, usque ad

tertiam partem posticam teste attingente, transversim striata,

striis antice tenuibus, regularibus, sublamellosis, erectis, in medio

paulo distantioribus, et minus regularibus, in area postica tenu-

issimis ; area postica elongato-angusta, angulo obtuso distineta;

latere antico brevissimo; ligamento angustissimo, partim infosso,

breviusculo.

Hab. Singapore. Coll. Cuming.

52. GastrocH2NA Ruprewxit, Desh. G. testa elongato-ovata,

solidula, turgidula, candida, antice oblique hiante ; hiatu ovato,

lato, inferne attenuato, fere totam altitudinem teste equante ;

valvis dense striatis, striis obtusis, antice satis regularibus,

329

appressis, in medio et latere postico distantioribus, irregulari-

bus, obtusis; umbonibus tumidulis ; latere antico brevi, recto,

antice parum inflexo ; ligamento prelongo, angusto.

Hab. Red Sea (Ruppell). Coll. Cuming.

53. GASTROCHZNA INTERRUPTA, Desh. G. testa elongato-an-

gusta, convexiuscula, extremitatibus fere aequaliter lata, per

longitudinem quasi excisa, late aperta; hiatu longissimo, ovato,

oblongo, inferne vie acuto, et fere totam longitudinem teste

equante; valvis oculo nudo levigatis, sub lente argutissime stria-

tis, striis obsoletis, distantibus, incrementi distantibus, subconta-

bulatis, interruptis; margine inferiore recto, superiore fere par-

allelo; umbonibus minimis, subterminalibus ; latere antico brevi,

inclinato; ligamento angustissimo, brevi.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

54. GaSTROCHZNA SPATHULATA, Desh. G. testa elongato-an-

gusta, cuneiformi, compressiuscula, tenui, fragili, alba, antice

longe hiante, hiatu fere totam longitudinem teste equante, in-

Serne sensim attenuata ; valvis antice angustis, postice latiori-

bus, spathulatis, irregulariter striatis, striis lateris antici

tenuioribus, magis regularibus, rectis, in medio rugulosis, arcu-

atis, inequalibus ; umbonibus minimis, acutis, fere terminalibus ;

latere antico brevissimo; ligamento elongato, angusto, fusces-

cente ; sinu pallii angustissimo, acuto, profundissimo, usque um-

bones versus ascendente.

Hab. Philippines, Bohol. Coll. Cuming.

55. GasTROCHENA CUCULLATA, Desh. G. testa elongato-cu-

neiformi, tenui, alba, fragili, subcretacea, extremitate antica

brevissima, postica compressa, dilatata, spathuliformi, antice

inferneque oblique hiante, apertura lateraliter coarctata, fere

totam longitudinem teste equante, latere antico angusto, in-

cumbente, cucullato; valvis extus in tres areas divisis, prima an-

tica obsolete striata, mediana latiore, irregulariter arcuatim

striato-rugosa, tertia circa ligamentum angustiore, levigata ;

umbonibus tumidulis, terminalibus ; ligamento satis prominulo,

elongato, fusco.

Hab. West Indies. Coll. Cuming.

56. GASTROCHZNA PLICATILIS, Desh. G. testa elongato-ovata,

tenui, fragili, pellucida, compressiuscula, longe hiante, postice

truncata, hiatu maximo, elongato, totam altitudinem teste

aquante, inferne sensim attenuata; valvis in tres areas divisis,

una antica lata, transversim regulariter striata, striis tenuis-

simis, oblique sub lente strivlatis, parte secunda oblique mediana,

angusta, levigata, postica pyramidata, prominentiore, sulcis

depressiusculis cireumdata, transversim profunde suleata, quasi

scalariformi; area circa ligamentum planulata, elongato-lanceo-

lata, ligamento crasso, elongato.

Hab. Philippines, Zebu.

330

57. CH&NA AGGLUTINANS, Desh. C. vagina minima, elongato-cla-

vata, postice valde attenuata, cortice valde et irregulariter trans-

versim plicato, corpora aliena agglutinante. Testa elongato-

angustissima, tenui, fragili, hiantissima, ad latus posticum viz

paulo latiore, extus ut in Solenibus Jipartita, parte altera sub-

plana, arcuatim striata, altera longitudinaliter tenuissime stri-

ata; latere antico brevissimo, abrupte truncato, cucullato, an-

gulo acuto circumscripto, radiatim tenue lirato, liris subgrano-

sis ; impressione musculari postica paulo post mediana, minima ;

sinu pallit profundo, acutissimo.

Hab. Philippines, Zebu. Coll. Cuming.

58. CHamNA GRANDIS, Desh. C. vagina elongato-clavata, regu-

lari, recta, transversim rugata, postice attenuata, sabuletis in

cortice agglutinante. Testa elongato-angusta, hiantissima,

postice latiore, spathulata, ad latus anticum sensim attenuata;

latere antico brevissimo, subito truncato et angulo acuto di-

stincto, in medio valde carinato vel cristato, radiatim inequali-

ter sulcato, sulcis inequalibus novem ad decem, quinque majori-

bus denticulo acuto terminatis ; cardine lineari, simplice , im-

pressione musculari postica in medio longitudinis posita ; sinu

pallii profundo, acutissimo.

Hab. Philippines, Zebu. Coll. Cuming.

59. Carpium sERRULATUM. OC. testa suborbiculari, postice

subangulata, equilaterali, convexiuscula, tenui, fragili, alba,

rufo irregulariter maculata, umbonibus acutis, oppositis, mint-

mis, levigatis, violaceis, longitudinaliter tenue costata, costis

quinque et quinquaginta, oblique denticulis brevibus, acutis, la-

teraliter serrulatis, in latere postico denticulis longioribus,

marginibus tenue crenulatis ; valvis intus albis, sub apice pur-

pureo maculatis.

Hab. Guinea. Coll. Cuming.

60. Carpium Gosset, Desh. C. testa orbiculari, turgida, sphe-

roidea, equilaterali, crocea, ad apices alba, longitudinaliter

costellata, costis angustis, rotundatis, anticis unico ordine

tuberculorum muricatis, medianis levibus, postremis depressis,

muricato-duplicatis; umbonibus prominentibus, oppositis ; valvis

intus albis, aliquantisper vivide in medio croceis; marginibus

lunule superne reflexis.

Hab. West Indies. Coll. Cuming.

61. Carpium Bicouor, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, ventri-

cosa, cordiformi, subequilaterali, alba, latere postico subito cas-

taneo nitente picto, latere antico dilute fuscescente, longitudinaliter’

costata, costis sex et viginti, planulatis, posticis levigatis, latio-

ribus, anticis crenulatis, sequentibus liris obliquis, rugosiusculis ;

umbonibus obliquis, prominentibus, acutis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

331

62. CARDIUM HUDSONIENSE, Desh. C. testa parva, rotundato-

subtrigona, oblique inequilaterali, compressiuscula, tenui, fragili,

squalide grisea, longitudinaliter costata, costis septem et viginti,

anticis transversim crenatis, medianis planis, fere obsoletis, poste-

rioribus acutioribus, muricatis ; umbonibus minimis, parum ob-

liquis ; latere antico obtuso, rotundato, postico obtuse oblique sub-

truncato.

Hab. Hudson’s Bay. Coll. Cuming.

63. Carpium Cycnorum, Desh. C. testa longitudinaliter ovata,

depressiuscula, parum obliqua, subequilaterali, albida, ad mar-

gines lutea, ochraceo pallido irregulariter maculata, longitudinali-

ter costata, costis quadraginta duo, convexis, upproximatis, ante-

rioribus crenulatis, medianis utroque latere impresso-crenatis,

posterioribus minoribus, planulatis, crenato-duplicatis ; umbonibus

acutis, oppositis ; lunula lanceolata, rubescente, impressa ; valvis

intus albis ; costis circa ligamentum luteis, serratis, interstitiis

rosaceis.

Hab. Swan River. Coll. Cuming.

64, Carprum Tumipum, Desh. C. testa longitudinaliter ovata,

parum obliqua. et inequilaterali, turgida, cordiformi, crassa, so-

lida, sub epidermide squalide fusca alba, intus dilute lutea, ad mar-

gines alba, longitudinaliter costata, costis ad triginta, crassis, an-

ticis depressioribus, regulariter liris arcuatis, crenulatis, medianis

crassioribus, subangulatis, lateraliter oblique striatis, posticalibus

obsoletis, planis, lineis impressis notatis ; umbonibus magnis, pro-

minentibus, oppositis, lunula magna, ovato-lanceolata, levigata,

ercavata.

Hab. Moluccas. Coll. Cuming.

65. Carprium GRratiosum, Desh. C. testa longitudinaliter ovata,

tumida, cordiformi, crassa, solida, subequilaterali, parum obliqua,

purpurascente, fasciis irregularibus, transversis, saturatioribus

ornata ; latere postico albo, longitudinaliter costato, costis con-

vevis, ud apices subangulatis, depressiusculis, anticis medianisque

transversim crenatis, vel subplicatis, posterioribus depressis,

planis, linea impressa separatis ; umbonibus acutis, brevibus, oppo-

sitis ; lunula elongata, lanceolata, levigata, concava, purpurea.

Var. (3. Testa omnino simili sed luteo colore picta.

Hab. Moluccas. Coll. Cuming.

66. Carpium MAuRITIANUM, Desh. C. testa longitudinaliter

ovata, equilaterali, non obliqua, convexa, cordiformi, alba vel fla-

vescente, roseo-purpurascente gratissime et irregulariter macu-

lata, intus alba, obsolete purpureo maculata, marginibus vivide

purpureo maculatis, longitudinaliter costatu, costis quatuor et

quadraginta, convevis, depressiusculis, approximatis, primis ante-

rioribus tuberculatis, sequentibus crenulatis, medianis utroque la-

tere punctato-crenatis, posterioribus subiméricatis, spinulis brevi-

bus obliquis arcuatis.

Hab. Mauritius. Coll. Cuming.

332

67. CarpIuM FeEsTIvuM. C. testa rotundato-trigonoide, turgi-

dula, crassa, equilaterali, alba, nitida, eleganter sparsim lineata

et maculata, roseo-purpurascente antice posticeque maculis majori-

bus alternatim picta, longitudinaliter costulata, costulis obtusis,

Sere planis, simplicibus ; latere antico declivi, obtuso, inferiore

parum convexo, postico declivi, subtruncato ; umbonibus parvis,

oppositis ; epidermide peculiari vestita, cornea, transversim tenuis-

sime et eleganter striata, striis arcuatis ; valvis intus vivide au-

rantio-purpureis.

Hab. New Ireland. Coll. Cuming.

68. CaRpIUM LoBULATUM, Desh. C. testa longitudinaliter ob-

lique ovatu, depressiuscula, grisea, pallide rufo irregulariter lineata

et maculata, nitide levigata ; latere postico obsolete sulcato, sulco

ultimo profundiore et latiore, lobulo distincto ; umbonibus parvis,

violascentibus; valvis tenuibus, intus rubro-purpureis ; marginibus

lenuissime crenulatis.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

69. CaRDIUM MIRABILE, Desh. C. festa orbiculari, tumido-sphe-

roidali, equilaterali, vix oblique cordiformi, albo-rufescente, ad

margines incarnata, longitudinaliter costata, costis sex et viginti,

crassis, rotundatis, lateraliter convewis, et interstitiis profundis

partim obtegentibus ; costis anticis spinis erectis, longiusculis

asperatis ; in costis medianis spinis in latere postico oblique ordi-

natis, in posticalibus spinis inter se confluentibus et laminam ser-

ratam formantibus ; lunula magna, plana, alba, ovata; area con-

vexiuscula, elongata, inferne roseo tincta ; latere postico ringente,

modice hiante.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

70. Carpium mQuaALE, Desh. C. testa cordiformi, lateraliter

compressa, carina acuta, inferne simplice, obtusa, superne acuta,

brevi, denticulata, equaliter bipartita, albo-lutescente, postica

pullide aurantia, intus eodem colore tincta, longitudinaliter cos-

tata, costis in latere antico equalibus, parum prominentibus, su-

perne obsolete tuberculosis, in latere postico inequalibus ; um-

bonibus valde carinatis, revolutis, oppositis ; lunula ovata, le-

vigata ; area ligamenti subcordata, elongata, effossa.

Hab.

71. Carprum pesBILE, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, com-

pressa, fragili, sublenticulari, inequilaterali, longitudinaliter tenu-

issime costata, costis tribus et quadraginta, albicante, pallide au-

rantio irregulariter maculata ; latere antico semicirculari, postico

paulo longiore et latiore, costis anticis et medianis tenuissimis,

planulatis, posticalibus duabus latissimis, planis, alteris elatiori-

bus, squamoso-spinosis ; costis anticis tenue crenulatis, medianis

lavigatis ; marginibus antice posticeque hiantibus.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

333

72. CARDIUM TRANSVERSALE, Desh. C. testa minima, ovato

transversa, valde inequilaterali, convexiuscula, longitudinaliter

costata, costis 23, antice et in medio angustis, planiusculis, simpli-

cibus, argutissime transversim striatis, posticis multo majoribus,

convexis, ultimis superioribus tribus squamulis erectis armatis ;

latere antico albo, postico castaneo, costis albo-subarticulatis ;

colore intus repetito.

Hab, Alboran.

73. Carpium Fasricit, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, oblique

cordiformi, turgida, tenui, levigata, antice posticeque obsolete

impresso-sulcata, squalide grisea, ochraceo maculata ; latere antico

brevi, lato, semicirculari, postico superne declivi ; umbonibus pro-

minentibus, obtusis, oppositis ; valvis tenuibus, intus albis, squa-

lide lutescentibus ; cardine angusto, dentibus cardinalibus laterali-

busque validioribus quam in Cardio Greenlandico,

Cardium Grenlandicum var., Middendorff, Malac. Rossic. part 3.

p. 41. pl. 16. f. 6, 7.

Hab. Greenland. -

74. Carpium propuctuM, Desh. C. testa lateraliter cordiformi,

oblonga, latere postico plano, concaviusculo, in medio prominente ;

latere antico conoideo, producto, infra lunulam altiore, albo-lutes-

cente, maculis albis, precipue in latere postico eburneis, satis regu-

lariter marmorata ; carina marginali acuta, denticulis brevibus,

regularibus armata ; costis longitudinalibus decem in latere antico,

superne granulis acutiusculis armatis, undecim in latere postico

inequalibus, quorum duo tresve superioribus squamosis ; umbonibus

acute carinatis, oppositis, revolutis.

Hab. Torres Straits. Coll. Cuming.

75. CarpiuM scruposum, Desh. C. testa parva, subquadrangu-

lari, subequilaterali, turgida, cordiformi, candidissima, angulo

acuto, obliquo inequaliter bipartita ; latere antico longiore, rotun-

dato, margine inferiore subrecto, posteriore alto, rectilineari,

cum inferiore angulum subrectum formante, margine superiore pos-

tico recto ; longitudinaliter costata, costis crassis, nodosis, quatuor

et viginti, quorum quindecim in latere postico, nodulis per ordines

transversales digestis ; costulis posterioribus paululum minoribus.

Hab. Malacca. Coll, Cuming.

76. CHCELLA TURGIDA, Desh. C. testa ovato-iransversa, sub-

equilaterali, turgida, inflata, tenuissime obsolete striata, epider-

mide pallide flavescente, postice irregulariter plicata vestita, albo

flavescente, intus candida ; latere antico paulo breviore, late rotun-

dato, postico paulo attenuato, subtruncato ; umbonibus latis, de-

pressiusculis, oppositis, approximatis, apice acutis ; cardine an-

gustissimo ; fossula minima, brevi, angusta, non obliqua; dente

cardinali parvo, acuminato, lateralibus brevibus, marginalibus fere

odsoletis ; sinu pallit brevi, triangulari, apice obtuso.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

334

77. CHECELLA ZEBUENSIS, Desh. C. testa ovato-subtrigona, com-

pressiuscula, tenui, subequilaterali, transversim obsolete et irre-

gulariter striata, alba, epidermide flavicante vestita ; latere antico

breviore, late obtuso, non declivi, latere postico equaliter obtuso,

margine inferiore regulariter arcuato; cardine solidulo, satis lato,

fossula parum obliqua, acuminata, paulo prominente, dente cardi-

nali compresso, acuminato, apice canaliculato, dentibus lateralibus

inequalibus, antico valve sinistre obsoleto ; sinu pallii lato, brevi,

subtrigono.

Hab. Philippines, Zebu. Coll. Cuming.

78. CHCELLA CUMINGIANA, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa,

turgida, inequilaterali, transversim inequaliter striata, alba, sub

epidermide flavescente irregulariter striata, crispa, postice sub-

lamellosa; latere antico breviore, obtuso, superne declivi, postico

paulo magis attenuato, equaliter declivi, margine inferiore regu-

lariter arcuato ; umbonibus prominentibus, acuminatis, oppositis,

acutis ; fossula valde basi producta, postice obliquata, acuminata ;

dente cardinali depresso, dentibus lateralibus fere nullis; sinu

pallit lato, apice obtuso, subtrigono.

Hab. Philippines, Luzon. Coll. Cuming.

79. CHCELLA CHINENSIS, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, con-

vexiuscula, solida, equilaterali, epidermide fuscescente, decidua

vestita, albo-cornea, transversim inequaliter striata; latere antico

paululum longiore, declivi, obtuso, postico superne convexiusculo,

latiore, obtuso, margine inferiore fere recto ; umbonibus minimis,

vix prominentibus, acutiusculis ; cardine crasso, satis lato, dente

cardinali compressissimo, lamellari, fossula profunda, viz obliqua,

basi oblique truncata; dentibus lateralibus angustis, acutis, antico

brevi; sinu pallii brevissimo, angusto, triangulari.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

80. Ca/cELLA CONVEXA, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, con-

vexa, crassa, solida, equilaterali, subsymmetrica, transversim obso-

lete inequaliter striata, albo flavidula, sub epidermide decidua, tenut,

pallide flavescente ; latere antico superne paululum declivi, late

obtuso, postico superne convexiusculo ; margine inferiore regulari-

ter arcuato; cardine crasso, lato; fossula basi acuminata, pro-

ducta; dente cardinali compresso, apice sulco impresso bipartito,

dentibus lateralibus inequalibus, parum obliquis, antico minore,

brevi; sinu pallii minimo, angusto, brevi, semielliptico.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

81. Cacenua Lata, Desh. C. testa ovato-subtrigona, conveaius-

cula, solida, equilaterali, subsymmetrica, alba, sub epidermide tenui,

flavescente, transversim tenue, obsolete et inequaliter striata; la-

tere antico et postico equaliter declivibus, obtusis, margine infe-

riore regulariter arcuato ; umbonibus minimis, acutis, oppositis,

approvimatis ; cardine lato, crasso, fossula ad latus posticum parum

obliquata, profunda, basi producta, acuminata, dente cardinali

335

compresso, apice leviter sulcato, dentibus lateralibus inequalibus,

parum obliquis, antico minore, cardine adnato; sinu pallit minimo,

brevi, angusto, subtriangulari.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

82. CaceLtta Horsrietpit, Gray. C. testa transversa, ovato-

subtrigona, turgidula, tenui, fragili, equilateral, transversim in-

e@qualiter tenue striata, epidermide flavo-rufescente vestita, alba ;

latere antico lato, superne recto, margine inferiore fere parallelo,

late obtuso ; latere postico attenuato, superne declivi, extremitate

obtuso ; umbonibus minimis, acutis, oppositis ; dente cardinali an-

gusto, compresso, sulco longitudinali partito, dentibus lateralibus

minimis, angustis, brevibus, subequalibus ; fossula profunda in

cavitate valvarum deflexa, basi valde prominente et acuta; sinu

pallii angusto, obtuso, profundo, horizontali.

Hab. Madras.

83. CHZCELLA TRANSVERSALIS, Desh. C. testa elongato-trans-

versa, ovato-acuminata, equilaterali, compressiuscula, irregulart-

ter obsolete transversim striato-sulcata, squalide alba, sub epider-

mide rufescente, postice irregulariter plicata; latere antico elon-

gato, obtuso, margine superiore recto, inferiori parallelo ; latere

postico attenuato, superne declivi, margine inferiore fere recto ;

cardine angusto, fossula paulo obliqua, valde basi prominente et

acuta, angusta, profunda, dente cardinali compresso, acuto, canali-

culato, dentibus lateralibus divaricatis, marginalibus antico mi-

nore ; sinu pallii angusto, profundo, semielliptico.

Hab. ? Coll, Cuming.

84. CaHcrLLA OBLONGA, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, conver-

iuscula, elliptica, inequilaterali, tenui, fragili, transversim tenue

striata, alba, sub epidermide fulva, irregulariter tenue striata,

in latere postico tenue plicata; latere antico paulo breviore,

atque postico equaliter obtusis, superne declivibus ; margine in-

feriore fere recto ; cardine angusto, fossula angusta, profunda,

basi producta, oblique truncata, dente cardinali apice bifido,

dentibus lateralibus submarginalibus, brevibus, angustis, antico

vie perspicuo ; sinu pallii angusto, satis profundo, obtuso, hori-

zontali.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

85. CamcELLA ZELANDICA, Desh. C. testa elongato-transversa,

elliptica, convexiuscula, solidula, inequilaterali, transversim

striata, epidermide flavescente vestita, albo-pellucida, utroque

latere equaliter obtusa et declivi ; latere antico breviore ; mar-

gine inferiore paululum arcuato; dente cardinali compresso,

triangulari, acuminato, prominente ; fossula angusta, profunda,

obliqua, basi acuminata ; dentibus lateralibus angustis, inequa-

libus, antico brevi; sinu pallii profundo, lato, subtrigono, apice

obtuso.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

336

86. CaceLua TENUIS, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, elliptica,

subequilaterali, convexiuscula, tenui, transversim tenuissime

striata, alba, hyalina, epidermide flavescente vestita, extremitati-

bus equaliter obtusa; latere antico paulo breviore et angustiore,

postico superne convexiusculo ; margine inferiore recto; cardine

angusto, fossula minima, obliqua, angusta, basi parum promi-

nente, dente cardinali angusto, triangulari, apice bifido, denti-

bus lateralibus marginalibus compressis, inequalibus, antico par-

vulo, brevi; sinu pallii lato, non profundo, obtuso.

Hab. Philippines, Bohol. Coll. Cuming.

87. MrsoprsMa crassuLa, Desh. WM. testa orbiculato-trigona,

compressa, valde inequilaterali, inequaliter substriata, sub epi-

dermide nitente, pallide flavescente alba; latere antico lato,

elongato, obtuso, superne convexiusculo, declivi ; latere postico

brevi, lato, obtusissimo, semicirculari; umbonibus minimis, acutis,

prominentibus ; cardine brevi, lato, solido, fossula angusta,

profunda, basi vix prominente, dente cardinali oblongo, in utro-

que latere fossule dentibus lateralibus validis, antico longiore,

postico valvule dextre conico, crasso, pyramidali, acuminato ;

impressione pallit simplice.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

88. Mrsopesma ovatts, Desh. WM. testa transversa, regulariter

elliptica, equilaterali, compressa, ad margines acuta, levigata,

nitida, alba, sub epidermide stramineo-viridescente, zonula ad

peripheriam nigra, infucata; latere antico et postico equaliter

obtusis, superne paululum declivibus ; cardine angusto, fossula

lata, profundaque, dentibus lateralibus valde divaricatis, fere

marginalibus ; sinu pallii brevissimo, vix inflexo, superne ab-

rupte arcuato.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

89. MresopEsMA mactrorpes, Desh. WM. testa elongato-trans-

versa, ovato-trigona, inequilaterali, alba, hyalina, tenui, niti-

dissima, utroque latere hiante, transversim tenuissime inequa-

liter striata; latere antico multo longiore, semielliptico, ob-

tuso, attamen sensim attenuato, superne inferneque equaliter

convexiusculo ; latere postico oblique declivi, subtruncato ; car-

dine angusto, fossula mediana, lata, parum profunda, basi pro-

minente, dentibus lateralibus valde divergentibus, marginalibus

compressis, lamellosis, triangularibus, acuminatis; sinu pallit

profundo, angusto, apice obtuse acuminato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

90. MEsoDESMA TRANSVERSA, Desh. M. testa transversa, elon-

gata, subequilaterali, cuneata, levigata, compressa, utraque

eatremitate obtusa, carneo-flavescente, transversim obsolete stri-

ata; latere antico paulo longiore, superne declivi, postico con-

vexo, declivi, obtuso, margine inferiore fere recto; umbonibus

minimis, productiusculis, acutis ; cardine crasso, lato, dentibus

337

validis tribus, altero duobus, laterali antico elongato, fossula

profundissima, angusta, basi non producta ; sinu pallii angusto,

satis profundo, semiovali, horizontali.

Var. 8. Testa minore, corneo-fusca.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

91. Mresopesma anGuuum, Desh. WM. testa elongato-trigona,

compressa, cuneiformi, maxime inequilaterali, nitidissima, alba,

eburnea ; latere antico prelongo, late obtuso, superne recto, vix

declivi, cum postico brevissimo angulum acutum formante; um-

bonibus minimis, acutis, terminalibus ; cardine crassiusculo,

postice brevissimo, fossula angustissima, profunda, basi pro-

ducta, parum obliqua; dente laterali antico elongato, crasso,

postico brevi, acuminato, angusto ; sinu pallii lato, oblique semi-

circular.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

92. MrsopESMA LANCEOLATA, Desh. WM. testa valde trans-

versa, elongato-trigona, maxime inequilaterali, cuneata, lanceo-

lata; latere antico maximo, acuminato, superne concaviusculo,

inferne vix convexiusculo ; latere postico crassiore, sub angulo

Sere recto subito truncato, ad umbones angulato, angulo inferne

evanescente ; umbonibus acutis, angustis, subterminalibus, op-

positis ; latere postico irregulariter plicato ; fossula cardinali

brevi, late trigona, antice obliquata; dentibus lateralibus ine-

qualibus ; antico elongato, compresso, cardine remoto ; sinu pal-

lit lato, profundo, semielliptico ; valvis albo-flavis, nitidissimis.

Hab. Western Australia. Coll. Cuming.

93. MrsoDESMA HETERODON, Desh. WM. testa transversa, tri-

gona, compressa, inequilaterali, nitida, obsoletissime striata,

corneo-fuscescente ; latere antico elongato, obtuso, superne con-

vexiusculo, postico brevi, acuminato, declivi, truncato, sepius

irregulariter plicato; cardine angusto, tridentato in valvula

sinistra, bidentato in altera, fossula angusta, profunda, antice

obliquata, dente laterali antico elongato, cardine remoto, postico

magno, conico, acuto, trigono, acuminato; sinu pallii brevis-

simo, angustissimo, semiovali.

Hab. Western Australia. Coll. Cuming.

94. MresopesMA ELONGATA, Desh. WM. testa elongato-trans-

versa, compressa, nitida, cuneiformi, valde inequilaterali, corneo-

flavescente, zonulis saturatioribus angustis interrupta ; latere

antico prelongo, late obtuso, superne recto, vix declivi, margine

inferiore parum convexo ; latere postico obtuso, oblique declivi,

brevi, inferne angulato; umbonibus minimis, oppositis, fere

nullis ; cardine solidulo, fossula angusta, profunda, ad latus

anticum obliquata ; sinu pallii lato, brevissimo, subsemicircu-

lari.

Hab. Torres Straits. Coll. Cuming.

No. CCLXXXI.—Proceepincs or THe ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

338

95. Mrsopesma ANGuSTA, Desh. M. testa elongato-angusta,

compressa, cuneiformi, valde inequilaterali, polita, nitida, cor-

neo-fusca; latere antico longissimo obtuso, superne lente declivi ;

latere postico brevissimo, obtuso, truncato, inferne subangulato;

cardine angustissimo, fossula angusta profundaque, antice valde

obliquata, dente laterali antico angusto, prelongo, postico brevi,

conico, acuto; sinu pallu brevi, lato, semicirculari ; valvis tenur-

bus, fragilibus.

Hab. Northern Australia. Coll. Cuming.

96. Mrsoprsma NiTIDA, Desh. M. testa transversa, subtrigona,

valde inequilaterali, compressa, cuneiformi, levigata, epider-

mide cornea, nitente vestita, intus alba; latere antico longis-

simo, obtuso, parum attenuato, antice inferneque acuto; latere

postico brevi, oblique truncato, ad extremitatem inferiorem an-

gulato, area lunulaque nullis; cardine angusto; fossula an-

gusta, profunda, antice obliquata, basi prominente, truncata,

dente laterali antico elongato, angusto, cardine satis remoto ;

impressione pallii brevi, sinu brevi, angusto, oblique semicir-

culart.

Hab. New Holland, Sydney, and Swan River. Coll. Cuming.

97. MrsoprsMA practsa, Desh. WM. testa transversa, subtri-

gona, crassa, solida, valde inequilaterali, alba, nitente, ochraceo

dilute tincta, inequaliter obsolete striata; latere antico pre-

longo, late obtuso, margine superiore inferioreque fere paral-

lelis ; latere postico oblique truncato, obtuso; umbonibus mini-

mis, acutis, vix prominentibus; cardine lato, crasso, solido, fos-

sula angusta, profunda, basi prominente, dentibus lateralibus

crassis, latis, depressis, obtusis ; sinu pallii minimo, angusto,

brevi, subtrigono.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land. Coll. Cuming.

98. MrsopEsMA RETUSA, Desh. WM. testa brevi, transversa,

compressa, maxime inequilaterali, transversim minutissime stri-

ata, albo-flavescente, sub epidermide squalide fuscescente ; la-

tere antico prelongo, obtusissimo, margine superiore inferioreque

rectis, parallelis ; latere postico obtuso, perpendiculariter trun-

cato, tantisper convexo ; cardine angustissimo, fossula minima,

angusta, basi acuto-prominente, dente cardinali obsoleto, denti-

bus lateralibus equalibus, in valvula dextra prominentioribus ;

musculorum cicatriculis minimis ; tmpressione pallii simplice.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

99. MresopESMA INTERMEDIA, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona,

subtransversa, crassa, solida, valde inequilaterali, postice ob-

lique truncata, squalide albo-flavida, transversim irregulariter

striata, strus paululum undulatis, in latere postico profun-

dioribus ; latere antico obtuso, superne convexiusculo, declivi,

postico brevissimo, oblique truncato, inferne subangulato ; car-

339

dine lato, crasso, fossula angusta, profunda; dentibus late-

ralibus crassis, subequalibus, prominentibus, acuminatis ; sinu

pallii parvulo, angusto, brevi, oblique semicirculari.

Hab. ? Coll, Cuming.

100. Mresoprsma macropon, Desh. WM. testa minima, trigona,

subiransversa, inequilaterali, depressa, in medio convewiuscula,

squalide albo-flavescente, transversim sulcata, sulcis irregularibus,

approximatis, convexis, antice attenuatis, postice paulo eminentio-

ribus ; latere antico longiore, obtuso, superne declivi, postico ob-

tuso, brevi, declivi; umbonibus minimis, acutis, brevibus ; cardine

lato, crasso ; fossula sulciformi, profunda; dentibus lateralibus

validis, subequalibus, in utraque valva prominentibus ; sinu pallii

brevissimo, minimo, oblique subsemicirculari.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

101. Mrsopesma Layarpt, Desh. WM. testa trigona, crassa, tur-

gida, inequilaterali, ad umbones pallide violacea, zonulis angustis

aliquibus saturatioribus, valvis intus nitide pallideque violaceis,

transversim obsolete striato-rugata, postice irregulariter plicata ;

latere antico paulo longiore, superne convexiusculo, declivi, inferne

convexo, extremitate obtuso; latere postico obtuso, depresso, sub-

plano, recto, valde declivi, inferne subangulato ; cardine lato et

crasso, dentibus, precipue anticis, prominentibus, compressis, fos-

sula angusta, profunda ; sinu pallii minimo, angusto, obtuse trian-

gulari.

Hab. Ceylon.

102. Mesoprsma itis, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, trans-

versa, turgidula, crassa, solida, subequilaterali, transversim ob-

solete et inequaliter striata, nitida ; latere antico paulo longiore

posticoque rectis, declivibus, equaliter obtusis, margine inferiore

regulariter convexo; cardine crasso, fossula profunda, basi non

prominente, dentibus validis, postico value dextre majore, valde

prominente, trigono, compressiusculo ; sinu pallit minimo, brevis-

simo, trigono, apice acuto.

Hab. Australia. Coll. Cuming.

103. MesopesmMa succata, Desh. WM. testa trigona, subtrans-

versa, subequilaterali, crassa, solida, in medio convewxiuscula,

apice acuminata, squalide albo-flavicante, transversim regulariter

‘sulcata, sulcis latis, convexis, depressis, approximatis, ad apicem

evanescentibus, postice alternatim interruptis ; latere antico obtuso,

atque postico cqualiter rectis et declivibus, margine inferiore

parum convexo ; latere postico parum convexo, sulcis minus regu-

laribus ; cardine crasso, fossula angusta, profunda ; dentibus late-

ralibus crassis, postico maximo, triangulari, valde prominente ;

sinu pallii satis lato, brevissimo, ovato-triangulari.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

104. Herrrocarpia Cuminei, Desh. A, testa ovato-trans-

340

versa, compressa, tenui, fragili, subequilaterali, in medio con-

vexiuscula, alba, transversim inequaliter striata ; latere antico

paulo longiore, late rotundato, margine superiore antico recto,

horizontal, inferiori parallelo; latere postico arcuatim truncato,

hiante, inferne subangulato ; umbonibus minimis, vie prominen-

tibus ; cardine angusto, fossula non obliqua, mediana, parum basi

prominente, lamina cardinali angusta, canaliculata.

Hab. Manilla. Coll. Cuming.

105. HerERocaRpDIA GIBBOSULA, Desh. JH. testa ovato-trans-

versa, subtrigona, convexiuscula, subequilaterali, omnino alba,

transversim inequaliter striata, in medio turgidiore, postice

compressa, subito arcuatim truncata, hiante, superne gibbosula ;

latere antico angustiore, paulo longiore. superne declivi, antice

obtuso, margine inferiore recto; fossula magna, non obliqua,

valde prominente ; lamella cardinali antice posticeque pro-

funde canaliculata; sinu pallii profundo, superne latiore.

Hab. Manilla. Coll. Cuming. r

106. HrererocarRpDIA FABAGELLA, Desh. JH. testa minima,

ovato-transversa, convexiuscula, equilaterali, in medio con-

vera, gibbosula, postice depressiuscula, omnino alba, transversim

irregulariter striata ; latere antico lato, obtuso, superne pa-

rumper declivi; latere postico arcuatim truncato, hiante, inferne

obtuse subangulato ; margine inferiore recto ; cardine angusto,

fossula non obliqua, profundiuscula, basi parum prominente ;

lamina cardinali angusta, canaliculata, angulum inferiorem

versus prolongata ; sinu pallii profundissimo, usque impressio-

nem muscularem anticam attingente ; umbonibus minimis, de-

pressis, viv prominentibus.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

107. CyRENELLA SPHERICULA, Desh. C. testa orbiculari, glo-

bosa, subspherica, inaquilaterali, tenui, fragili, sub lente tenuis-

sime striata, alba, sub epidermide griseo-lutescente, tenuissima,

striato-reticulata ; latere antico brevi, obtuso, postico rotundato ;

umbonibus tumidis, approximatis ; valvis tenuibus, intus albis ;

cardine angustissimo, utroque latere bidentato, dente antico val-

vule sinistre porrecto, profunde fisso ; impressionibus musculari-

bus angustis, marginalibus.

Hab. Moreton Bay.

108. CyrENELLA PHiLipPINaRuM, Sow. MSS. C. testa suborbi-

culari, turgida, cordiformi, tenui, inequilaterali, epidermide decidua,

tenui, flavescente vestita, in latere postico fuscescente, albo irregu-

lariter striata; latere antico breviore, superne declivi, in medio

obtuso, parumper attenuato; latere postico multo latiore, angulato;

area magna, in medio prominente, angulo circumdata ; umbonibus

tumidis, prominentibus, cordatis, approximaiis ; ligamento angusto

immerso ; cardine obliquo, angusto, inequaliter bidentato, dente

postico valvulé dextre lato, bilobato.

Hab, Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

341

109. CyRENELLA MORETONENSIS, Desh. C. testa orbiculato-

ovata, tumida, cordiformi, inequilaterali, transversim inequaliter

striata, incrementi irregulariter contabulata, epidermide squalide

Susca, striata, decidua vestita; latere antico paulo breviore, obtuso,

superne declivi, attenuato, postico latiore, obtuse angulato ; area

lata, angulo obtuso circumscripta ; umbonibus tumidis, oppositis,

prominentibus ; cardine angusto inequaliter bidentato; valvis

tenuibus, intus lutescentibus.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Coll. Cuming.

110. CyrRENELLA oBLONGA, Sow. MSS. C. testa ovato-trans-

versa, turgida, inequilaterali, albo-flavescente, sub epidermide

decidua, tenui, flavescente, transversim striato-sulcata, sulcis in-

equalibus, obsoletissimis ; latere postico obtuse angulato, area

magna, angulo circumscripta, in medio carinato-elevata ; umbo-

nibus brevibus, obliquis, approximatis ; ligamento angusto, infosso;

latere antico paulo angustiore, breviore, obtuso, postico late trun-

cato; cardine angustissimo dentibus primariis minimis, inequalibus,

in utraque valva majoribus, bifidis.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

111. CyRENELLA SENEGALENSIS. C. testa orbiculari, depres-

siuscula, lenticulari, tenui, fragili, irregulariter et dense striata,

sub epidermide virescente, lamellosa et reticulata squalide fusces-

cente ; umbonibus tumidis, acutis, approximatis ; latere antico late

obtuso, semicirculari, breviore, postico paulo angustiore ; cardine

angusto, in valva dextra dentibus tribus, divergentibus, mediano

interposito, in valva sinistra dente unico angustissimo, lamelloso,

elongato, adjecto altero posticali, brevissimo ; valvis intus albo-

ceruleis.

Hab. Senegal. Coll. Cuming.

112. CyRENELLA LENTICULARIS. C. testa orbiculari, convex-

iuscula, tenut, fragili, inequilaterali, lenticulari, sub epidermide

viridi-fuscescente transversim lamelloso-reticulato, albo-cerules-

cente ; latere antico breviore ; lunula magna, linea albescente, obso-

lete prominente circumscripta; cardine angustissimo, dentibus

cardinalibus duobus in valva deatra, unico in sinistra; dentibus

compressis, minimis, obliquis ; ligamento angusto, elongato, partim

immerso.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

113. CyrENeELLA PisirorMis. C. testa orbiculari, inflata, sphe-

roidali, tenui, fragili, subequilaterali, sub lente tenuissime striata,

sub epidermide pallide straminea alba, latere antico angustiore,

breviore, rotundato, postico late rotundato; cardine angusto, bi-

dentato, dentibus inequalibus, majoribus bifidis ; cicatriculis mus-

culorum longissimis, submarginalibus ; umbonibus tumidis, promi-

nulis, obtusis, fere oppositis.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

342

114. SpH#rium Nov#-Zevanpim. S, testa ovato-transversa,

equilaterali, compressa, nitidissima, pellucida, griseo-cerulescente,

saturatiore irregulariter transversim zonata ; latere antico obtuso,

parum declivi, postico latiore, rotundato, margine inferiore con-

vexo; umbonibus minimis, obtusis, viv prominentibus ; ligamento

minimo, inconspicuo; cardine angustissimo, bidentato, dentibus

exiguis, lateralibus parvis, antico paulo majore.

Hab. New Zealand; New Holland.

115. SpHarium 1Inpicum, Desh. S. testa ovato-rhomboidea, tu-

midula, equilaterali, tenui, pellucida, albo-grisea ; latere antico

late rotundato, postico obtuse truncato ; umbonibus tumidis, parum

prominentibus ; cardine obsolete bidentato, dentibus lateralibus

candidis, antico majore, trigono, acuto, postico paulo breviore ;

valvis sub lente tenuissime striatis.

Hab. Indian rivers.

116. CorsicuLa squaLipa, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa,

subtrigona, subequilaterali, tenui, turgidula, utraque extremitate

obtusa, transversim sulcata, sulcis irregularibus, distantibus, ali-

quando interruptis, postice anticeque sepius evanidis, epidermide

viridi, fusco-atrata, squalide irregulariter maculata, lineolis capil-

laceis, undulatis, longitudinalibus ornata; umbonibus tumidis, in-

tegris, levigatis ; valvis intus violaceo-vinosis ; cardine angusto,

tridentato, altero bidentato ; dentibus exiguis, lateralibus angustis,

e@qualibus, striato-serrulatis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

117. CorspicuLta tncrassatTa, Desh. C. testa ovato-trigona,

valde inequilaterali, crassa, solida, cuneiformi, transversim dense

striata, epidermide atro-viridi vestita; latere antico brevi, valde

declivi, obtuso, postico subangulato; margine inferiore parum

arcuato ; umbonibus tumidis, oppositis, sepius erosis ; cardine in-

crassato, tridentato, dentibus cardinalibus subparallelis, laterali-

bus densissime et argute striatis, antico paulo breviore.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

118. CorsicuLa opscurA, Desh. C. testa ovato-suborbiculari,

depressiuscula, subequilaterali, extremitatibus equaliter obtusa,

transversim trregulariter striata, striis antice profundioribus, epi-

dermide atro-virescente vestita; cardine tridentato, dentibus equali-

bus, divergentibus, lateralibus brevibus, angustis, antico paulo lon-

giore ; impressione pallii postice sinuosa, sinu brevissimo, lato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

119. CorpicuLa ConvEXA, Desh. C. testa orbiculato-curdiformi,

globulosa, inequilaterali, crassa, solida, viridi-olivacea, tenuis-

sime et irregulariter striata, ad umbones levigata, antice bre-

viore ; umbonibus tumidis obtusis, oppositis ; valvis solidiusculis,

intus albis ; cardine inequaliter tridentato, dente mediano valvule

dextre bifido, dentibus lateralibus subequalibus, angustis, tenue

343

et breviter crenulatis ; impressione pallii postice sinu parvulo, tri-

gono terminata.

Hab. Central America.

120. CorsicuLa opsoLeta, Desh. C. testa ovato-trigona, obli-

qua, tumidula, inequilaterali, solidiuscula, transversim irregula-

riter striato-sulcata, epidermide olivacea vestita, zonulis obscurio-

ribus interrupta, utroque latere declivi, antice lata, breviore, ob-

tusa, postice subangulata ; umbonibus prominentibus, obliquis ;

cardine angusto, dentibus cardinalibus tribus, minimis, subparal-

lelis, dentibus lateralibus angustis, equalibus, antico arcuato ;

valvis intus vivide violaceis.

Hab. Uruguay. Coll. Cuming.

121. CorBicuLA SEMISULCATA, Desh. C. testa transversa, ovato-

subtrigona, inequilaterali, tumidula, solidiuscula, transversim in-

cremento irregulariter substriata, antice regulariter sulcata, epi-

dermide squalide virescente vestita, aliquando zonulis transversis

nigrescentibus interrupta, intus profunde violacea ; cardine tri-

dentato, dentibus fere equalibus, lateralibus validis, brevibus, po-

stico cardine remoto; sinu pallii postico brevi, angusto, triangu-

lari, acuto.

Hab. Victoria River, Australia. Coll. Cuming.

122. CorsicuLa ovaLina, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

@quilaterali, tenui, subventricosa, epidermide viridi vel nigrescente

vestita, sulcis latis, ad latus posticum evanescentibus exarata ;

latere postico paulo longiore ; cardine angusto, dentibus cardina-

libus valde divaricatis, inequalibus, lateralibus brevibus, antico

paulo longiore, postico in medio prominentiore, utroque lutere dense

striato, cardine remoto.

Hab. Port Essington. Coll. Cuming.

123. CorsicuLa TumipA, Desh. OC. testa regulariter ovato-

transversa, tumida, tenui, subequilaterali, postice paulo lon-

giore, utraque extremitate equaliter obtusa, epidermide viridi,

nitente vestita, transversim sulcata, sulcis valde distantibus ;

umbonibus parvis, turgidulis, integris; cardine angustissimo,

dentibus cardinalibus tribus, angustis, inequalibus, valde diver-

gentibus, lateralibus angustissimis, arcuatis, argute crenulato-

striatis.

Var. B. Testa juniore, epidermide glaucescente, valvulis intus ex-

tusque fusco trimaculatis.

Hab. Borneo. Coll. Cuming.

124. CorsicuLA MALACCENSIS, Desh. C. festa ovato-trans-

versa, subtrigona, inequilaterali, turgidula, solidula, epidermide

glaucescente vestita, transversim regulariter et tenue sulcata,

extremitatibus obtusa, latere antico longiore ; cardine angusto,

tridentato, altero bidentato; dentibus lateralibus angustis,

tenuissime striatis, antico longiore ; valvis intus albis, vel pallide

violaceo tinctis.

Hab. Malacca. Coll. Cuming.

344

125. CorsicuLta GRANDIs, Desh. C. testa orbiculato-trigona,

solida, tumidula, inequilaterali, transversim irregulariter ru-

gosa, antice sulcis magis regularibus exarata, latere antico

breviore, late arcuato, postico magis attenuato, epidermide ni-

tidissimo, nigrescente vestita, ad margines flavescente, postice

squamosa ; valvis intus pallide flavis ; cardine incrassato, tri-

dentato, dentibus approximatis, lateralibus brevibus, crassis,

irregulariter striato-denticulatis.

Hab. China. Coll. Cuming.

126. CorpicuLa casHMIRIENSIs, Desh. C. testa ovato-trans-

versa, subtrigona, equilaterali, tumidula, transversim tenue et

regulariter striata, striis postice evanescentibus, epidermide

nitida, atro-virescente, in latere postico tenuissime striata ves-

tita ; umbonibus tumidis, prominentibus, profunde erosis, vio-

laceis ; cardine angusto, in valva dextra bidentato, in altera

tridentato, valvule dextre dente antico laterali adnato, den-

tibus primariis divergentibus, simplicibus, lateralibus longis,

angustis, antico longiore, cardine proximo ; valvis intus viola-

ceis, impressione pallii margine valde remota.

Hab, Cashmire. Coll. Cuming.

127. CorsicuLa TRIGONA, Desh. C. testa trigona, equilaterali,

compressiuscula, antice paulo latiore et obtusiore, utroque latere

equaliter declivi, transversim tenue et regulariter striata, epi-

dermide viridi, nitente induta, intus pallide violacea; umbo-

nibus minimis, brevibus, acutis ; lunula ovata, angulo obsoleto

circumscripta, pallida, levigata; cardine angusto, bidentato,

altero tridentato; dentibus lateralibus equalibus, tenuissime

striatis, antico leviter arcuato.

Hab. Pondicherry. Coll. Cuming.

128. CorBICULA STRIATELLA, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa,

depressiuscula, subequilaterali, extremitatibus cequaliter ob-

tusa, transversim regulariter lirata, liris ad latus posticum

evanescentibus, epidermide pallide virescente, nitida vestita,

intus atro-violacea; umbonibus brevibus, atro-violascentibus,

pallidiore biradiatis ; cardine angusto, tridentato, dentibus in-

equalibus, divaricatis, postico longiore et angustiore, dentibus

lateralibus elongatis, angustis, subequalibus, arcuatis, tenuis-

sime striatis.

Hab. Pondicherry. Coll. Cuming.

129. CorBICULA BENGALENSIS, Desh. OC. testa ovato-subtri-

gona, depressiuscula, tenui, subequilaterali, obsolete transver-

sim striata, striis regularibus, distantibus, epidermide flaves-

cente, nitidissima, intus alba, in medio macula rubescente no-

tata ; umbonibus minimis, acutis ; cardine angusto, tridentato,

altero bidentato; dentibus lateralibus angustissimis, argute

striatis.

Hab. Bengal. Coll. Cuming.

345

130. CorsicuLa Brensoni, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa,

subtrigona, equilaterali, laevigata, nitida, depressiuscula, ex-

tremitatibus obtusa, utroque latere equaliter declivi, epider-

mide tenui, nitente, virescente vel flavescente induta, aliquan-

tisper lineis interruptis, fuscis radiata, intus alba, vel pallide

violascente ; cardine angusto, tridentato, dentibus inequalibus

valde divaricatis, dentibus lateralibus prelongis, angustissimis,

tenuissime striato-crenatis, antico paullo longiore.

Hab. Bengal (Benson). Coll. Cuming.

131. Corpicuna amBieua, Desh. C. testa ovato-trigona, equi-

lateral, subcordiformi, transversim dense striato-sulcata, striis

regularibus, antice posticeque evanescentibus, epidermidenitente,

nigro-virescente vestita, in latere postico tenuissime striato-

lamellosa, intus violacea; umbonibus angustis, prominentibus,

antice obliquatis ; latere antico atque postico equaliter con-

veatusculis, declivibus, obtusis ; cardine angusto, dentibus tribus

primariis inequalibus, brevibus, simplicibus, antico valve dextre

dente laterali adnato, dentibus lateralibus equalibus, longis,

extremitate inferiore leviter arcuatis, crenulato-striatis.

Hab, Euphrates.

132. CoRBICULA TRIANGULARIS, Desh. . testa trigona, equi-

laterali, alta, tumidula, solida, epidermide fuscescente vestita,

transversim irregulariter striato-rugosa, utroque latere equali-

ter declivi ; umbonibus prominentibus, violaceo-lividis vel roseis,

violaceo subradiatis; valvis intus superne rubescentibus, ad

margines violaceis; cardine incrassato, inequaliter tridentato ;

dentibus lateralibus crassis, prelongis, tenuissime striatis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

133. CorpicuLa sutcaTina, Desh. C. testa ovato-trigona, tur-

gidula, cordiformi, subequilaterali, obliqua, transversim dense

et tenue sulcata, sulcis postice evanescentibus ; lunula depressa,

levigata; epidermide viridi-flavescente, ad umbones decorticata;

umbonibus levigatis, prominentibus, obliquis; intus candida,

* ad margines pallide castanea ; cardine angusto, utroque latere

bidentato, dentibus lateralibus equalibus, brevibus, striatis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

134. Cyrena (ANomALA) MaARITIMA, C. B. Adams. C. testa

orbiculato-cordiformi, subcequilaterali, turgida, tenui, trans-

versim irregulariter et dense striata, epidermide viridi-fusces-

cente induta; umbonibus magnis, parum obliquis, approwi-

matis, acutis, levigatis ; latere antico superne declivi, convexi-

usculo, in medio parumper attenuato et obtuso, postico brevi,

truncato, area magna, convexa, ovata, angulo obtuso, decurrente

eircumdata ; eardine angusto, dentibus primariis tribus, mini-

mis, subequalibus, approximatis, apice bifidis, divergentibus,

346

lateralibus equaliter remotis, in valva dextra duplicatis, antico

usque ad cardinem canaliculato.

Cyrena maritima, C. B. Adams, Panama Shells.

Hab. Panama. Coll. Cuming.

135. CuemenTIA Cuminet1, Desh. C. testa ovato-transversa,

tenui, turgida, valde inequilaterali, alba, transversim late pli-

cata et inequaliter striata, irregulariter et dense punctato-

rugosa, ad margines plicis depressioribus ; latere antico brevis-

simo, declivi, obtuse attenuato, inferne convexo, lunula ovata,

superne impressa notato; latere postico ellipsoideo, superne

convexiusculo, late obtuso, area elongato-lanceolata, excavata,

angulo acuto circumdata; cardine angusto, dentibus tribus in

valva dextra, duobus in altera, dentibus duobus anticis ap-

proximatis in valva dextra; sinu pallii profundo, triangulari,

peroblique ascendente.

Hab. Red Sea. Coll. Cuming.

136. Batissa AusTRALIS, Desh. B. testa ovato-subrhomboidali,

convewa, crassa, solida, inequilaterali, subgibbosa, epidermide

atro-virescente, nitente vestita, transversim, precipue antice,

sulcata, sulcis irregularibus, postice evanescentibus; latere an-

tico breviore, obtuso, superne subrecto et declivi; latere postico

lato, rotundato, obtusissime biangulato ; umbonibus obliquatis,

profunde erosis; cardine lato, incrassato, dentibus primaris

tribus in unaquaque valva, validis, crassis, mediano valve dex-

tre majore, apice bifido, lateralibus inequalibus, postico lon-

giore, angustiore, antico crasso, brevi; valvis intus ad margines

violaceis.

Had. Australia. Coll. Cuming.

137. SANGUINOLARIA PURPUREA, Desh. S. testa ovato-trans-

versa, tenui, fragili, pellucida, convexiuscula, inequilaterali,

omnino intus extusque purpureo-sanguinea, transversim obsolete

et irregulariter striata; latere antico breviore, lato, semiellip-

tico, superne inferneque convexiusculo ; latere postico attenu-

ato, superne recto, declivi, obtuso, hiante; cardine in unaquaque

valva inequaliter bidentato ; sinu pallii triangulari, superne an-

gulato, antice oblique truncato, impressionem muscularem pos-

ticam versus longe strangulato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

138. IpHIGENIA PSAMMOBIALIS, Desh. J. testa ovato-trans-

versa, turgida, tenut, fragili, equilaterali, transversim tenue et

obsolete striata, sub epidermide squalide fuscescente, decidua

albo-lutescente, intus violaceo-pallido tincta ; latere antico semi-

ovali, obtuso, superne inferneque convexiusculo ; latere postico

paulo attenuato, superne subrecto et paulo declivi, extremitate

truncato ; cardine angustissimo, dentibus duobus primariis an-

gustis, valde divaricatis in valva sinistra, dente unico crasso,

347

obtuso, bipartito in valva dextra ; sinu pallii elongato, angusto,

obtuso, horizontal.

Hab. ?

139. Mactrra atta, Desh. M. testa trigona, alta, subaequi-

laterali, turgida, convexa, tenue transversim irregulariter

striata, epidermide squalide fusca vestita, omnino alba; latere

antico paulo breviore, superne convexo, deinde recto et declivi ;

margine postico equaliter superne convexo, deinde declivi, recto,

attenuato, brevi, truncato, in truncatura hiante ; latere postico

obtuse biangulato; umbonibus tumidis, acutis, oppositis ; car-

dine angusto, dente cardinali submarginali, fossula angusta,

profunda, sub cardine canaliculata; dentibus lateralibus magnis,

compressis, triangularibus, valde prominentibus ; sinu pallii

minimo, trigono, obtuso.

Hab. Australia.

140. Carsa (CarseLLa) minor, Desh. C. testa ovato-trans-

versa, compressa, tenui, fragili, subequilaterali, irregulariter

striato-sulcata, epidermide flavescente vestita, albo-violacea,

ad umbones alba, violaceo-radiata, intus rubro-violacea, in

medio albida ; latere antico obtuso, parum attenuato, superne

convextusculo, declivi; latere postico angustiore, attenuato,

perpendiculariter subtruncato, flecura viz manifesta bipartito ;

cardine bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus crassiusculis,

bifidis, nymphis intus callosis, brevibus, prominentibus ; sinu

pallit profundo, horizontali, linea superiore inferiort parallela.

Hab. Philippines, Manilla. Coll. Cuming.

141. Capsa (CapseLua) pirFiciLis, Desh. C. testa elongato-

transversa, tumidula, tenui, equilaterali, transversim substriata,

epidermide viridi aut flavescente vestita, griseo-violacea vel pallide

violaceo-flavescente, intus purpurascente aliquantisper subradiata,

ad latus posticum saturatiore purpureo-violacea ; latere antico obtuso,

superne recto, aliquando parum declivi, postico oblique truncato,

angulo obtusissimo, oblique decurrente distincto, in medio linea im-

pressa bipartito, irregulariter rugoso ; area postica minima, plana,

angulo obtuso separata; cardine angusto, dentibus primariis

minimis, obtusis, in valvula dextra duobus, in altera unico; sinu

pallit elongato, sub angulo obtuso oblique parumper ascendente.

Var. 2. Testa omnino violacea.

Var. y. Testa superne paululum declivi, griseo-violacea.

Var. 6. Testa fere albida, in latere postico violacea.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

142. Capsa (Capsetya) ruKA, Desh. C. testa elongato-trans-

versa, tenui, fragili, compressiuscula, subequilaterali, transversim

irregulariter striata, vel obsolete sulcata, epidermide rufescente

vestita, ad umbones decorticata, latus posticum versus fusca, intus

roseo-purpurascente, in latere postico vivide violacea; cardine

348

angustissimo, fere edentulo, nymphis angustis, brevibus ; sinu pallit

profundo, lato, subovali, horizontalt. :

Hab. Philippines, Manilla. Coll. Cuming.

143. Capsa (CapseLua) RApIATA, Desh. C. testa ovato-trans-

versa, tenui, turgidula, paulo hiante, utroque latere subequilaterali,

transversim obsolete et inequaliter striata, epidermide tenut,

pallide straminea vestita, pallide-albo violascente, violaceo multi-

radiata, intus purpurascente, violaceo-radiata; latere antico

superne paulo declivi et convexiusculo, extremitate attenuato ;

latere postico paulo longiore, latiore, superne recto, oblique et

obtuse truncato, angulo obtuso, decurrente separato, transversim

satis regulariter striato ; cardine angusto, bidentato, altero uni-

dentato, dentibus obtusis, in valva dextra equaliter divaricatis ;

sinu pallii lato, profundo, apice obtuso.

Var. 3. Testa paulo angustiore rosea, vix radiata.

Var. y. Testa vmnino candida.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming. '

144, Capsa (CapseLia) rosacea, Desh. C. testa elongato-

transversa, depressiuscula, tenui, subcequilaterali, substriata,

epidermide straminea vestita, pallideviolaceo obscure pauci-radiata,

intus pallide rubescente, violaceo-maculata_et subradiata ; latere

antico paulo breviore, obtuso, paulo altenuato, postico superne

recto, paulo declivi, angustato, oblique truncato, angulo obtusissimo

distincto, margine inferiore paulo convexo, fere recto ; dentibus

cardinalibus parvis, obtusis ; sinu pallii elongato, lato, horizontali.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

145. Capsa (CarseLiA) cutnensis, Desh. C. testa elongato-

transversa, tenui, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, epidermide corneo-

Suscescente, nitente, peripheriam superante vestita, transversim

obsolete striato-rugosa, alba, in impressione musculari postica

violaceo-maculata ; latere antico paulo longiore, obtuso, superne

recto, paulo declivi ; latere postico depressiusculo, oblique truncato,

superne declivi, cardine angusto, ‘bidentato, altero unidentato,

dentibus minimis, brevibus, nymphis callosis ; sinu pallii pro-

JSundissimo, angusto, obtuso, horizontali, marginibus parallelis.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

146. Capsa (CapseLuaA) Layarnt, Desh. C. testa ovato-trans-

versa, tenui, fragili, convexiuscula, subequilaterali, transversim

inequaliter striata, epidermide corneo-viridi vestita, intus alba,

ad impressionem muscularem posticam fusco unimaculata ; latere

antico paulo longiore atque postico equaliter obtusis, superne

convexiusculis ; cardine angustissimo, bidentato, altero unidentato,

dentibus minimis, brevibus, fere obsoletis, nymphis elongatis,

triangularibus, prominentibus ; impressione pallii margine remota,

sinu profundo, horizontal, satis lato, ellipsoideo, apice obtuso.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming.

349

147. Capsa (Capsetia) TeNnuts, Desh. C. testa elongato-

transversa, ellipsoidea, compressiuscula, inequilaterali, tenui,

fragili, utraque extremitate equaliter obtusa, transversim obsolete

striata, epidermide viridi, nitente vestita, pallide violaceo obscure

et pauci-radiata, intus violacea, aut albida et violaceo-maculata ;

latere antico longiore, margine superiore recto, inferiori fere

parallelo, postico compressiusculo, superne paulo declivi; cardine

angustissimo, bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus minutissimis,

sinu pallit profundo, lato, apice obtuso, horizontali, a margine

remoto.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

148. Capsa (CapseLza) crassuLa, Desh. C. testa ovato-trans-

versa, paulo subtriangulari, equilaterali, transversim inequaliter

striato-sulcata, epidermide flavescente vel fuscescente vestita, ad

umbones decorticata, intus purpurea; latere antico obtuso, semi-

elliptico, postico late subtruncato, flexura obliqua bipartito, hiatu

duplici terminato ; cardine angusto, bidentato, altero unidentato,

nymphis elongatis, crassis, callosis, prominentibus ; sinu pallii

lato, profundo, dilatato, apice obtuso.

Hab. Philippines.

149. Capsa (CAarPsELLA) virESCENS, Desh. C. testa elongato-

transversa, tenui, tumida, subequilaterali, nitida, obsolete trans-

versim substriata, sub epidermide flavo-virente alba, aliquantisper

violaceo-rubente longitudinaliter strigata; latere antico obtuso,

postico oblique truncato; nymphis brevibus, prominentibus, crassis ;

cardine angusto, in utraque valva unidentato ; sinu pallii oblongo,

profundissimo, marginibus parallelis, superiore ad extremitatem

paulo declivi.

Hab. ?

150. Capsa (CapsELLA) LUNULATA, Desh. C. testa elongato-

transversa, subtrigona, equilaterali, tenui, translucida, tenue et

irregulariter transversim striata, epidermide corneo-flavescente vel

fuscescente, nitente vestita, intus albo-cerulescente, submargari-

tacea, margine superiore ulroque latere equaliter declivi, margine

inferiore regulariter arcuato; latere antico obtuso, parum at-

tenuato, postico oblique et obtuse truncato, angustato; cardine

angusto, bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus minimis ; nymphis

brevibus, triangularibus, acutis, prominentibus ; sinu pallii elon-

gato, angusto, horizontali, in medio paulo latiore, apice obtuso ;

in latere antico lunula impressa, elongato-lanceolata.

Var. 3. Testa intus violacea, extus fusca.

Var. y. Testa minore, depressiuscula, zonulis aliquibus atratis, trans-

versalibus interrupta.

Hab. Philippines; var. 3. Ceylon.

151. Capsa (CAPSELLA) SOLENELLA, Desh. C. testa elongato-

transversa, elliptica, tumidula, subequilaterali, transversim tenue

striata, superne in latere postico tenue sulcata, epidermide tenui

350

vestita, ad umbones violacea, margines versus pallidiore ; latere

antico obtuso, superne concaviusculo ad extremitatem depresso ;

latere postico subgibboso, angulo obtuso, obliquo separato, superne

parum declivi, oblique late truncato; cardine angustissimo, fere

edentulo, nymphis angustis, elongatis, intus callosis ; sinu pallii

latissimo, oblique ascendente, subspathulato.

Hab. Manilla. Coll. Cuming.

152. Donax acuTancuta, Desh. D. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, tenut, fragili, convexiuscula, valde inequilaterali, polita,

nitida, pallida, albo-flavescente transversim anguste et irregulariter

zonata, intus albo-lutescente; latere antico prelongo, parum arcuato,

extremitate obtuso et paulo hiante, margine inferiore regulariter

arcuato, antice paulo ascendente ; latere postico oblique abrupte

truncato, hiante, in medio subcarinato, inferne angulo acutissimo

terminato, angulo carinato, obliquo circumscripto, transversim

eleganter undato-striato, striis sublamellosis, tenuibus, marginibus

integerrimis.

Hab. Saboon, West Africa. Coll. Cuming.

153. Donax nitipa, Desh. D. testa elongato-transversa, an-

gusta, valde inequilaterali, solidula, convexa, subcylindracea,

utraque extremitate attenuata, levigatissima, polita; latere antico

elongato, superne inferneque paulo convexiusculo, extremitate at-

tenuato ; latere postico brevi, oblique truncato, obtuse angulato,

inferne acuminato, plicis obliquis, profundis, arcuatis ornato ;

lunula elongato-lanceolata, pallide violaceo-carnea; valvis intus

extusque albis.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Coll. Cuming.

154. Donax prtatina, Desh. D. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, subequilaterali, tenui, pellucida, fragili, nitida, in latere

antico albo-opaca, in medio posticeque translucida, violaceo late

biradiata, longitudinaliter tenuissime antice posticeque striata ;

latere antico paulo longiore, angustiore, attenuato, obtuso, superne

parum declivi ; latere postico latiore, non angulato, obtuso, margine

superiore recto, inferiori parallelo ; cardine angusto, dente laterali

antico brevi, crassiusculo, approximato, postico elongato, angusto,

remoto, marginibus tenuissime crenulatis, antice crenulis intus

sulciformibus ; sinu pallii elongato, angusto, obtuso, horizontali.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

155. Donax aneEa, Morch MSS. D. testa elongato-angusta,

minima, tenui, pellucida, valde inequilaterali, iridiscente om-

nino levigata, pallide straminea ; latere antico longiore obtuso,

paulo attenuato, postico non angulato, obtuso, inferne acumi-

nato ; marginibus minutissime et regulariter crenulatis.

Hab. Tranquebar? Coll. Cuming.

156. Donax peruviana, Desh. D. testa elongato-subtrigona,

valde inequilaterali, crassa, solida, convexiuscula, omnino alba,

351

radiatim tenue striata, striis angustissimis, parum elevatis ;

latere antico multo longiore, superne recto, inferne convexo,

regulariter arcuato, extremitate attenuato ; latere postico ob-

tuso, vie obtusissime angulato, striis tenuioribus impressis donato,

sub ligamento paulo prominente ; cardine bidentato, dentibus

lateralibus validis, in valva dextra parum dilatatis ; sinu pall

profundo, ovali, obtuso, oblique ascendente, marginibus regu-

lariter profundeque crenatis.

Hab. Peru.

157. Donax BELLA, Desh. D. testa elongato-transversa, tenui,

compressiuscula, valde inequilaterali, pallide albo-straminea,

eleganter roseo-purpurascente pauci-radiata, longitudinaliter

striata, striis tenuissimis, in latere postico profundioribus ;

latere antico prelongo, obtuso, compresso, superne recto, mar-

gine inferiore parailelo ; latere postico oblique truncato, inferne

acuminato, non angulato ; cardine angusto, dentibus primariis

minimis, lateralibus subequalibus, elongatis, cardine remotis ;

sinu pallii lato, ovato, in medio dilatato, marginibus tenuissime

crenulatis.

Hab. Acapulco. Coll. Cuming. °

158. Donax Conranp1, Desh. D. testa elongato-transversa,

subtrigona, solidula, compressa, inequilaterali, radiatim tenue

striata, grisea, fusco dilute picta, postice violascente, aliquantis-

per albo-grisea vel rufescente, striis impressis in medio sim-

plicibus, antice posticeque punctatis ; umbonibus minimis, albis,

violaceo breviter biradiatis ; latere antico elongato, attenuato,

cuneiformi, superne recto, declivi, postico oblique truncato,

obtuso, inferne subangulato, striis multo tenuioribus ; lunula

elongato-lanceolata, angusta, impressa, violacea, angulo mar-

ginata ; valvis intus violaceis ; cardine albo; sinu pallii elon-

gato, horizontal, obtuso, marginibus parallalis ; marginibus

tenue crenulatis.

Hab. California.

159. Donax arrinis, Desh. D. testa elongato-transversa, com-

pressiuscula, levigata, nitida, inequilaterali, sub epidermide

flavicante pallide flavida vel violascente; latere antico prelongo,

late obtuso, superne recto, vix declivi, margine inferiore fere recto,

superiort parallelo ; latere postico obtuso, declivi, non angulato,

inferne attenuato, lunula angusta, lanceolata, ad umbones

canaliculata ; cardine angusto, in utraque valva inequaliter

bidentato, dente majore valvule dextre lato, bifido, dentibus

lateralibus obsoletissimis ; sinu pallii profundo, ovato, obtusis-

simo, marginibus tenue denticulatis ; valvis intus violaceis, in

medio radio lato, albo notatis.

Hab. Red Sea. Coll. Cuming.

Obs. Species forma et facie Donaci truncato Lamk. simillima, sed

distincta colore magis albido, lunula minus carinata, et preecipue sinu

pallii majore atque profundiore.

392

160. Donax ta&vicATA, Desh. JD. testa elongato-transversa,

oblongo-triangulari, valde inequilaterali, crassa, solida, con-

veaxiuscula, polita, nitente, obsoletissime radiatim striata, pal-

lide fuscescente, vel grisea, vel violascente late uni- vel bi-

radiata, latere antico prelongo vix attenuato, obtuso, superne

inferneque fere recto ; latere postico obtuse angulato, truncato,

plano, tenue striato, inferne subangulato, marginibus crenu-

latis ; cardine crasso, bidentato, dentibus lateralibus validis,

inequalibus, antico longiore, in valva dextra dilatatis ; sinu

pallii magno, oblique ascendente, ovali, obtuso.

Hab. North America. Coll. Cuming.

161. Donax acuminata, Desh. D. testa elongato-trigona,

crassa, tumida, solida, valde inequilaterali, alba, pallide violacea

in latere postico, longitudinaliter striuta, striis minutissime im-

presso-punctatis ; latere antico prelongo, valde attenuato, acu-

minato, superne recto, declivi, inferne paulo convexo; latere postico

brevissimo, truncato, plano, angulo obtuso circumscripto, striis

tenuioribus, profundioribus, simplicibus ; valvis intus albis, in

latere postico violaceo maculatis ; cardine crassiusculo, dentibus

lateralibus subequalibus, equidistantibus, in valva dextra validiori-

bus; sinu pallii profundissimo, ovato, in medio dilatato ; marginibus

tenue crenulatis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

162. Donax opersuta, Desh. D. testa trigona, brevi, inequi-

laterali, solida, turgida, albo-grisea vel pallide violascente, intus

violacea, longitudinaliter impresso-striata, striis in medio simpli-

cibus, antice transversim punctato-lineatis ; latere antico trigono,

superne recto, valde declivi, inferne convexiusculo, extremitate

attenuato, subrostrato; latere postico brevi, subcordiformi, oblique

truncato, plano, angulo obtuso distincto, longitudinaliter tenuissime

striato, tradsversim striis undato-punctatis ; lunula elongato-lan-

ceolata, satis lata, superne excavata; marginibus tenue denti-

culatis ; cardine angusto, bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus

lateralibus in valva dextra majoribus.

Hab. Central America.

163. Donax ovauina, Desh. D. testa ovato-transversa, com-

pressa, solidula, inequilaterali, utroque latere obtusa, alba, trans-

versim inequaliter striata ; latere antico paulo longiore, superne

recto, declivi, postico equaliter declivi, non angulato, obtuso, striis

paulo profundioribus ; margine inferiore regulariter arcuato, con-

vexo; cardine crassiusculo, inequaliter bidentato, altero unidentato,

et valvule dextre dente unico crasso, obtuso; dentibus lateralibus

inequalibus, magnis, postico breviore crassiusculo, antico longo,

angusto; sinu pallii angustiusculo, obtuso, oblique ascendente,

marginibus parallelis ; marginibus integerrimis.

Hab. Central America. Coll. Cuming.

164. Donax srriaTELLA, Desh. D. testa elongato-transversa,

353

triangulari, inequilaterali, solida, turgidula, in medio dilatata,

subventricosa, longitudinaliter tenuissime striata, albo pallide rosea,

ad umbones incarnata ; latere antico longiore, superne recto, in

sutura canaliculato, extremitate attenuato, inferne convexo, ascen-

dente ; latere postico planissimo, angulo obliquo, acuto separato,

inferne attenuato et acuto, striis in latere postico tenuioribus ;

cardine bidentato, dentibus lateralibus equalibus, aquidistantibus,

in valvula sinistra dilatatis; sinu pallii elongato, horizontali,

obtuso, marginibus parallelis ; marginibus tenue crenulatis.

Hab. Australia.

165. Donax GrantFreRA, Desh. D. testa trigona, brevi, crassa,

solida, ventricosa, valde inequilaterali, albo-grisea aliquando ad

umbones et latus posticum violaceo tincta, intus alba, ad margines

violacea, umbonibus maculis duabus violaceis, angustis notatis,

longitudinaliter striata, striis tenuissimis, regularibus, impressis,

ad latus posticum sensim latioribus, profundioribus et granosis ;

latere antico elongato, obtuso, superne recto et declivi, inferne

recto et horizontali ; latere postico abrupte truncato, angulo acuto

separato, plano, striis transversis et longitudinalibus decussato,

granoso ; umbonibus prominentibus ; lunula lanceolata, sepius vio-

laceo-tincta ; marginibus tenue denticulatis.

Hab. Columbia. Coll. Cuming.

166. Donax tnTERRUPTA, Desh. D. testa trigona, cuneiformi,

brevicula, solida, convexiuscula, postice abrupta et planata, albo-

grisea, vel pallide violascente, intus pallide violacea ; latere antico

elongato, superne recto, declivi, inferne in medio recto, antice

ascendente, extremitate attenuato, radiatim striato, striis antice

simplicibus, fere nullis, sensim profundioribus, ante angulum pos-

ticum profundis, in sulcos mutatis ; latere postico angulo acuto

abrupto distincto, plano, striis tenuibus longitudinalibus, trans-

versalibus undatis, punctato-granosis, clathratis vel textiliosis, um-

bonibus parvis, obscure violuceo pallido quadriradiatis ; margini-

bus tenue denticulatis.

Hab. West Africa.

167. Donax Dyson1, Desh. D. testa trigona, alta, brevi, com-

pressa, solidula, valde inequilaterali, fere perpendiculariter trun-

cata, albo-grisea, ad umbones breviter violaceo triradiata, intus

violaceo dilute bimaculata, in medio et in latere postico antice levi-

gatissima, sub lente obsolete transversim striata, in latere postico

transversim rugata et interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ; latere

antico trigono, superne recto, declivi, inferne recto, horizontali,

extremitate obtuso ; latere postico obtuso, non carinato, margint-

bus creberrime denticulatis ; sinu pallii profundo, subtrigono, ob-

tuso, postice dilatato ; dentibus lateralibus validis, obliquis, sub-

e@qualibus.

Hab. Indian Ocean. Coll. Cuming.

No. CCLXXXII.—ProcerpinGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

354

168. Donax cLaTHRATA, Desh. D. testa minima, trigona, turgida,

crassa, solida, brevi, abrupte truncata, angulata, albo-flava vel

violascente, longitudinaliter argute transversim costellata, lamellis

brevibus, numerosis, erectis eleganter decussata, costulis ad angu-

lum posticum duabus tribusve distantioribus ; latere postico brevis-

simo, sulco lato, sub angulo circumscripto, costellis granosis or-

nato; lunula impressa, elongato-lanceolata, minutissime transversim

striata.

Hab.

? Coll. Cuming.

169. TELLINA cRassuLaA. JT’. testa ovato-transversa, solidula,

compressa, opaca, valde inequilaterali, sub epidermide griseo-fla-

vicante albo-cretacea, inequaliter obsolete transversim striata ;

latere antico prelongo, leviter arcuato, longe elliptico, superne

recto et horizontali, antice late obtuso, paulo dilatato, inferne

parum convexo; latere postico brevissimo, fere perpendiculari,

obtuso, vir flero, non angulato; cardine angusto, in valva dextra

bidentato, in altera unidentato, dentibus lateralibus nullis; sinu

pallu elliptico, oblique ascendente.

Hab. Northern Ocean.

170. TeLuina TuRGIDA. T. testa ovata, transversa, lata, tur-

gida, satis tenui, subequilaterali, squalide albo-fuscescente, intus

candidissima, transversim satis regulariter striata, striis angustis,

prominulis, striis obsoletis longitudinalibus numerosis decussatis ;

latere antico paulo longiore, latissimo, obtusissimo, inferne parum

oblique producto ; latere postico lato, subtruncato, superne declivi,

sinu lato profundoque, contorto, in valvula dextra biangulato,

striis longitudinalibus prominentioribus ; cardine angusto, bidentato,

dentibus angustis, subequalibus, apice bifidis ; ligamento brevi, an-

gusto, vix infosso ; dentibus lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii irregu-

lariter subquadrangulari, superne sinuoso.

Hab. Catbalonga; Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

Obs. T. lacunose et obese affinis, attamen distincta forma, striis,

cardine, et preecipue sinu pallii.

171. TeLLIna opeEsa. T. testa ovato-transversa, crassa, solida,

valde ventricosa, subequilaterali, squalide alba, intus vivide auran-

tia, transversim inequaliter striata, et striis incrementi crassis, in-

equalibus irregulariter gradata; latere antico lato, paulo longiore,

semicirculari ; latere postico superne parum declivi, obtuso, plica-

tura lata profunde contorto, in valva dextra subtriangulato ; um-

bonibus magnis, oppositis approximatis; ligamento magno, crasso,

partim infosso ; cardine crasso, inequaliter bidentato ; musculo-

rum cicatriculis maximis, antica ovata, postice rotundata; sinu

pallit subtrapezoidali, superne dilatato et gibboso.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

Obs. T. lacunose affinis, sed multo magis tumida, magis crassa,

intus aurantia, extus contabulata.

355

172. TeLLINA MORETONENSIS, Desh. JT. festa ovato-trigona,

convexiuscula, tenui, pellucida, subequilaterali, omnino candida,

transversim tenue striato-lamellosa, longitudinaliter sub lente tenu-

issime striata, lamellis transversis, distantibus, angustissimis, bre-

vibus, in medio sepius interruptis; latere antico lato, obtuso, semi-

elliptico ; latere postico attenuato, trigono, superne longe declivi,

inferne obtuse angulato ; umbonibus minimis, acutis, levigatis ;

lunula parva, lunata, impressa; cardine bidentato, dentibus late-

ralibus nullis ; sinu palliti magno, ovato, obtuso, superne dilatato,

flexura posticali fere nulla.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Coll. Cuming.

173. TeLLINA NUCLEOLUS, Desh. T. testa ovato-transversa, mi-

nima, convexiuscula, tenut, pellucida, maxime inequilaterali,nucule-

Sormi, postice sub angulo recto truncata, pallide rosea, transver-

sim tenue et regulariter striata, striis impressis, in latere postico

majoribus, profundioribus, alternatim interpositis ; latere antico

prelongo, longe semi-elliptico, superne recto, margine inferiore

regulariter convexo; latere postico brevissimo, obtuso, flexura fere

nulla; ligamento brevi; cardine satis crasso, dentibus lateralibus

validis subequalibus, postico cardine approximato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

174. TELLINA FABAGELLA, Desh. T. testa regulariter ovato-

transversa, crassiuscula, tumidula, inequilaterali, pallide lutescente,

transversim tenue et regulariter striata, striis profunde incisis ;

latere antico prelongo, longe semi-elliptico, obtuso; latere postico

brevi, obtuso, superne recto, declivi, strits distantioribus, sublamel-

losis cum aliis alternantibus ; flecura vie perspicua ; lunula elon-

gato-lanceolata, impressa, angulo acuto circumdata; cardine biden-

tato; dentibus cardinalibus validis, in valva dextra dilatatis; sinu

pallit ovato-oblongo, horizontali, in medio paulo dilatato.

Hab. Philippines, Luzon. Coll. Cuming.

175. TevtuinA Romperei, Morch. T. testa orbiculato-subtri-

gona, solidula, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, ad peripheriam albi-

cante, roseo-rubente, radiis duobus ad umbones saturatioribus, bre-

vibus, oblique tenuissime striata, striis in latere antico flexuosis,

postice in angulo acutissimo flexis, striis posticalibus multo tenui-

oribus, in latere antico valve dextre zonula longitudinali levigata;

latere antico brevi, late obtuso, subsemicirculari, postico superne

recto, attenuato ; cardine bidentato ; dentibus lateralibus minimis,

acutis, subequalibus, remotis ; sinu pallii subtriangulari, superne

gibboso, ad extremitatem attenuato.

Hab. Brazil. Coll. Cuming.

Tellina Rombergi, Morch, Kjerulf. Cat.

Obs. Telline strigillate affinis, standem distincta colore et striarum

dispositione.

176. TexxLina osptusauis, Desh. T. testa parvula, ovato-trans-

356

versa, tenuissima, nitida, turgidula, valde inequilaterali, omnino

roseo-purpurascente, transversim sub lente tenuissime et regulari-

ter striata, striis in latere postico profundioribus ; latere antico

prelongo, obtuso, superne inferneque convexiusculo ; latere postico

brevissimo, obtusissimo ; dentibus lateralibus in valva_ sinistra

magnis, crassis, equalibus.

Hab. 2

177. Texurna sApontca, Desh. T.. testa ovato-transversa, com-

pressa, solidula, inequivalvi, inequilaterali, omnino candida, levi-

gata, polita, ntida ; latere antico longiore, paulo attenuato, ob-

tuso, superne conveviusculo, declivi, inferne in medio convexo, ad

latus posticum ascendente ; latere postico angulo decurrente, obtuso

notato, inferne subangulato ; valva dextra profundiore ; cardine in

utraque valva inequaliter bidentata ; ligamento partim infosso, in

nymphis intus cailosis affivo ; sinu pallii magno, profundo, trian-

gulari, superne valde angulato.

Hab. Japan. Coll. Cuming.

178. TeLLINA vENTRICOSA, Desh. T. testa magna, ovato-trans-

versa, subtrigona, tenui, ventricosa, subequilaterali, omnino can-

dida, suh epidermide tenut, griseo-flavescente, transversim inequali-

ter striata; latere antico paulo breviore, obtuso, superne declivi,

conveviusculo, extremitate paululum attenuato ; latere postico at-

tenuato, late rostrato, superne declivi, recto, extremitate oblique

truncato ; margine inferiore late convexo, ad extremitatem posticam

coarctato ; plicatura posticali nulla; cardine angusto, dentibus

cardinalibus angustis, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii parvo, an-

gusto, sublanceolato.

Hab. West African Coast. Coll. Cuming et Desh.

179. TeELLINA CONTABULATA, Desh. YT. testa ovato-subrotunda,

sublenticulari, solida, crassa, subequilaterali, squalide albo-rufes-

cente, irregulariter transversim obsolete striato-rugosa, incremento

interrupto regulariter et distanter contabulata ; latere antico lato,

semicirculari, postico triangulari, inferne angulato, oblique late

truncato, superne recto, declivi, angulo oblique decurrente distincto,

flecura nulla ; umbonibus acutis, oppositis ; ligamento elongato,

partim infosso ; valvis intus candidis ; cardine crasso, dentibus

primariis angustis, brevibus, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallit brevi,

superne acutissimo, dein excavato.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

180. TELLINA OBLIQUARIA, Desh. JT. testa suborbiculato-trigona

vel subovata, tenui, compressiuscula, inequivalvi, inequilaterali,

pallide lutescente, oblique tenuissimeque striata, striis numerosis

approximatis, incisis, parum undulatis precipue in latere antico ;

ad angulum posticum subito interruptis ; umbonibus minimis, in-

equalibus, approximatis, valvule dextre umbone eroso, alterum

recipiente; lutere antico breviore, paullo attenuato, obtuso, superne

357

declivi ; latere postico magis attenuato, superne declivi, inferne

subtruncato, angulo obtusissimo decurrente distincto, levigato ;

cardine angusto, unidentato, in valva sinistra emurginato ; dentibus

lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii profundissimo, angusto, superne

conveviusculo.

Hab. Pacific Ocean. Coll. Cuming.

181. Texnina TExT1LIs, Desh. T. testa ovato-transversa, satis

lata, solidula, convexiuscula, alba, roseo-purpurascente ad um-

bones picta et dilute radiata, radiis ad margines evanidis, superne

inter se confluentibus, intus pallide purpurea, oblique angustissime

striata in valva dextra, striis transversis, obsoletis decussata et

textiliosa, valvula sinistra levigata ; latere antico semi-ovali, lon-

giore, postico brevi, obtuso, superne declivi; cardine crassulo,

bidentato, dentibus lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallit maximo, ad im-

pressionem muscularem posticam subito ascendente, angulato, dein

lente declivi; flecura posticali fere nulla.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

182. TeELLINA ponaciFormis, Desh. T. testa elongato-trans-

versa, solidiuscula, compressa, valde inequilaterali, postice trun-

cata, omnino alba, transversim angustissime striata, striis longi-

tudinalibus exilibus, obsoletis subdecussata, latere antico longe

elliptico, superne inferneque recto, obtuso, marginibus parallelis ;

latere postico brevissimo, inferne obtuse angulato, transversim

tenue plicato, plicis ad angulum posticum obtusissimum abrupte

terminatis ; cardine angusto, bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus

minimis, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii profundo, elongato, atte-

nuato, in medio dilatato, superne undulato.

Hab. Torres Straits. Coll. Cuming.

183. Texuina Layaront, Desh. T. testa elongato-trigona, tenui,

Sragili, compressa, valde inequivalvi et inequilaterali, candida,

antice tenue transversim striata, in medio levigata, postice sub

lente minutissime longitudinaliter striata, striis densissimis ;

latere antico breviore, obtuso, pustico fere duplo longiore, sensim

attenuato, subacuminato, superne recto et longe declivi, inferne

parum convexo ; cardine inequaliter bidentato, dentibus lateralibus

nullis ; valva dextra profundiore, sinistra planulata, sinu pallii

breviculo, subtrapezoidali, late et oblique truncato ; flexura nulla ;

area plana, angulo obtuso circumdata, eleganter striata.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming.

184, TeLyina 1nquinaTa, Desh. T. testa trigona, crassa, solida,

depressiuscula, inequilaterali, sub epidermide squalide fusca albo-

Susca, ferrugineo inquinata, transversim irregulariter striata, intus

candida; latere antico late obtuso, subsemicirculari, superne parum

declivi ; latere postico cuneiformi, attenuato, superne recto et de-

clivi, extremitate oblique truncato, inferne oblique angulato, flexura

parum perspicua ; ligamento prelongo, incrassato ; cardine biden-

358

tato, dentibus lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii magno, profundo,

superne gibboso, deinde declivi et apice acuto.

Hab. Columbia.

185. Tettrna Suensoni, Morch. T. testa rotundato-trigona,

solidula, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, squalide griseo-alba vel

flavescente, sub epidermide tenui, decidua, griseo-flavescente, tenue

et irregulariter transversim striata ; latere antico longiore, semi-

elliptico, marginibus subparallelis ; latere postico triangulare,

superne recto, declivi, extremitate attenuato, oblique truncato,

angulato ; flecura parum profunda ; valvis per longitudinem ar-

cuatis ; cardine bidentato, altero unidentato, dente postico valve

dextre profunde fisso ; dentibus lateralibus nullis.

Tellina Suensoni, Morch, Kjerulf. Cat.

Hab. Brazil. Coll. Cuming.

186. Tevuina Ticaonica, Desh. T. testa parva, elongato-ovata,

transversa, compressa, hyalina, tenuissima, inequilaterali, nitida,

polita, omnino pallide rosea ; latere antico longiore, obtuso, superne

convexiusculo, margine inferiore parallelo ; latere postico brevi,

truncato, inferne subangulato ; ligamento brev?, prominente ; car-

dine angustissimo, dentibus binis minimis, bifidis in valva deztra ;

sinu pallit maximo, profundo, superne valde angulato, sub umboni-

bus ascendente.

Hab. Philippines, Ticao. Coll. Cuming.

187. Tevuina niTENS, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa, tenut,

pellucida, depressiuscula, inequilaterali, pallide rosea et coloribus

variis nitente, transversim obsolete tenue striata; latere antico

elongato, longe semi-elliptico, inferne superneque convexiusculo ;

latere postico triangulari, attenuato, extremitate angulato, margine

inferiore fere recto; flecura vix incunspicua; cardine angustissimo,

bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallit

magno, impressionem muscularem posticam versus subito ascen-

dente, angulum formante, dein longe declivi usque ad impressionem

anticam.

Hab. ——? Coll. Cuming.

188. TeLtuina #quatis, Desh. T. testa satis regulariter ovata,

transversa, tenui, translucida, convewiuscula, equilaterali, candida,

rufo dilute maculata, nitente, transversim angustissime striata,

obsoletissime radiata, utroque latere equaliter obtusa et superne

parum declivi, margine inferiore regulariter arcuato ; umbonibus

parvis acutis, oppositis ; ligamento elongato, angusto, prominente ;

cardine angustissimo, dente primario unico, minimo, in utraque

valva ; sinu pallit profundo, horizontali, superne late gibboso, ad

extremitatem excavato.

Hab. Port Essington. Coll. Cuming.

189. TeLLIna compressa, Desh. TI. testa late ovata, transversa,

subequaliter obtusa, solidula, complanata, subequilaterali, omnino

359

alba, transversim substriata; latere antico paullo latiore, late

semi-elliptico, obtuso; latere postico parum attenuato, obtuso ;

margine inferiore regulariter convexiusculo ; umbonibus acutis,

prominentibus, compressis, approximatis ; cardine latiusculo, in

valva dextra bidentato, in sinistra unidentato, dentibus elongatis,

angustis, prominentibus, lateralibus nullis; sinu pallii elongato,

obtuso, ovali, superne dilatato, ad apicem declivi.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

190. Textuina conrorTa, Desh. T. testa ovato-transversa, tenut,

Sragili, valde ventricosa, inequilaterali, albo-cretacea, transversim

tenuissime et satis regulariter striata, striis confertis ; latere

antico late semiovato, obtuso, superne convexiusculo, inferne recto,

marginibus subparallelis ; valvis in medio profunde contortis, pos-

tice profunde plicato-laminosis ; umbonibus magnis, obliquis, apice

truncatis, prominentibus ; flecura posticali lata, profundaque, in

valva deatra angulo carinato marginata, in valva sinistra costa

rotundata, late formata ; cardine angusto, bidentato, altero uniden-

tato, dentibus bifidis lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii latissimo, sub-

trapezoidali.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

191. Twximna pirnatara, Desh. T. testa late ovata, tenui, fra-

gili, tumidula, subequivalvi, inequilaterali, albida, sub epidermide

flavida, decidua, maculis punctiformibus, raris, irregulariter spar-

sis, rubro-castaneis, pallidis irrorata, transversim inequaliter et

obsolete striata ; latere antico paulo longiore, lato, subsemicircu-

lari; latere postico superne recto, declivi, obtuse truncato, atte-

nuato ; flecura torta, vix profunda, biplicata; valvis intus albis,

sub umbonibus pallidissime roseis ; dentibus primariis minimis,

angustis, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii magno, ovato, subspathuli-

formi, a linea inferiore detecto.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

192. TeELLINnA SANGUINOLENTA, Desh. T. testa elongato-trans-

versa, ovata, solidula, compressiuscula, inequilaterali, flavo-rubente,

ad umbones purpurea vel violascente, intus vivide rubra, sanguineo

colore tincta ; latere antico elongato, obtuso, superne recto, margine

inferiore rectiusculo, superiori parallelo ; latere postico obtuso,

superne recto, parum declivi, angulo decurrente, obtusissimo di-

stincto ; dentibus cardinalibus 2 inequalibus, obliquis, lateralibus

nullis ; sinu pallii profundissimo, angusto, in medio dilatato.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

193. TELLINA MAZATLANICA, Desh. JT. testa ovato-transversa,

compressa, tenui, inequilaterali, pallide albo flavidula, levigata

substriatave, nitidula ; latere antico longiore, semi-elliptico, mar-

gine superiore inferiori parallelo; latere antico attenuato, superne

recto, extremitate truncato; flewura vix perspicua; ligamento

brevi, partim infosso ; cardine bidentato, altero unidentato, den-

360

tibus angustis, elongatis, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii late ovato,

apice parum angustato, horizontali.

Hab. Mazatlan. Coll. Cuming.

194. Texyina cuspipaTa, Desh. T. testa orbiculato-trigona,

tenui, pellucida, inflata, albo-grisea, nitida, levigata ; latere antico

paulo longiore, late rotundato, subsemicirculari, postico triangulari,

attenuato, subrostrato, cuspidato, superne recto et declivi ; umbo-

nibus minimis, acutis, oppositis ; lunula satis magna, ovata, de-

pressa, angulo obtuso circumscripta ; cardine angustissimo, biden-

tato, dentibus lateralibus elongatis, angustissimis, antico cardine

magis approximato.

Hab. Chusan. Coll. Cuming.

195. Tex~urma cxiausa, Desh. T. testa ovato-subtrigona, tumi-

dula, crassa, solida, equilaterali, undique clausa, pallide albo-

flavescente, intus candida, transversim obsolete striata, superne

equaliter utroque latere declivi ; latere antico obtuso, postico late

truncato ; cardine crasso, dentibus duobus inequalibus, simplici-

bus in valvula dextra, antico prominentiore, dente unico crasso

tn valva sinistra; dentibus lateralibus crassis, subequalibus,

equidistantibus ; sinu pallii ovato, profundo, obtuso, in medio

parum dilatata.

Hab. West Indies.

196. TeL~uina piscuLtus, Desh. T. testa sublenticulari, orbi-

culari, superne vie angulata, in medio conveviuscula, equi-

laterali, squalide alba, ad umbones pallide lutea, intus candida,

in fornice sulphurea, transversim tenue striata, striis regula-

ribus, obtusis, profundis, in flecura breviter lamellosis ; latere

antico late obtuso, subsemicireulari, postico vie in medio sub-

truncato, superne rectiusculo, declivi, margine inferiore late

arcuato ; cardine lato, crasso, dente laterali antico valido,

obtuso, cardine approximato, postico nullo ; fleaura parum pro-

Sunda; sinu pallit subtriangulari, superne valde angulato,

apice obtuso.

Hab. New Zealand.

197, TeLLina PRETIOSA, Desh. T’. testa ovato-trigona, erassula,

tumidula, equilaterali, omnino alba, longitudinaliter costellata,

costellis regularibus, elatis, apice dilatatis, elegantissime squa-

mulosis, squamulis dilatatis, erectis, circularibus, acutis, per

series transversas atque longitudinales digestis; latere antico

lato, obtuso, semi-elliptico, superne recto, declivi, postico trian-

gulari, attenuato, superne recto, longe declivi ; lunula minima,

lanceolata, impressa, levigata, angulo circumdata ; area elon-

gato-laneeolata, ad margines angulata, angulo altero minore

eirca ligamentum, area in valvula dextra quadrilineata, in

altera nuda ; cardine crassiusculo, dentibus lateralibus validis,

acutis, equalibus, equidistantibus ; flecura fere nulla.

Hab. Philippies; Sumatra.

361

198, TELLINA DIEMENENSIS, Desh. T. testa trigona tam lata,

quam alta, solida, compressiuscula, valde inequilaterali, squalide

rufula, sub lente ewillime transversim striata, incrementi ad

margines interrupta ; umbonibus acutis, subterminalibus ; latere

antico longiore, late obtuso, brevi, semi-elliptico ; latere postico

truncato, recto, valde declivi, extremitate inferiore subacuto ;

flexura parum perspicua ; dentibus cardinalibus apice bifidis,

laterali antico approximato ; sinu pallii magno, profundo, lato,

superne dilatato, gibboso.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

199. Texirna cautosa, Desh. T. testa late ovata, subtrigona,

crassa, solida, tumidula, inequilaterali, omnino candida, tenuis-

sime transversim striata, striis sublamellosis, striis longitudina-

libus obsoletis decussatis ; latere antico paulo longiore, late

semi-elliptico ; latere postico triangulari, superne recto, declivi,

inferne angulato, flecura angusta, satis profunda, notato ; mar-

gine inferiore paulo arcuato ; valvis intus circa impressiones

eallosis, sub lente puncticulatis ; cardine crasso, bidentato, den-

tibus lateralibus nullis; sinu pallii magno, ovato-triangulari,

superne gibboso.

Hab, Ceylon (Layard). Coll. Cuming.

200. Texuina Masta, Desh. JT. testa regulariter ovata, trans-

versa, crassiuscula, tumidula, tenui, valde inequilaterali, sub

epidermide tenui, pallide viridi-flavicante alba, subcretacea,

transversim obsolete striata, striis obtusis, latis, subplanis,

irregularibus ; latere antico longiore, obtuso, margine inferiore

superioreque convexiusculis, parallelis ; latere postico obtuso,

paulo angustiore, flecura parum profunda ; ligamento brevi,

partim infosso ; cardine angustissimo, bidentate, dentibus mini-

mis, laterali antico nullo, postico obsoleto; sinu pallii brevi,

late ovato.

Hab. Northern Ocean. Coll. Cuming.

201. TeLLIna REcuRVA, Desh. T. testa ovato-trigona, depressa,

solidula, inequilaterali, valde per longitudinem arcuata, squalide

alba, irregulariter transversim striata ; latere antico breviore, late

obtuso, semicirculari ; latere postico trigono, acuminato, superne

recto, declivi,inferne angulo acuto terminato ; dentibus lateralibus

parum perspicuis, antico in valva sinistra dilatato, sinu pallii

angusto, profundissimo, apice acuminato.

Hab. Australia.

202. Texxrna Tristis, Desh. T. testa elata, trigona, compressa,

inequilaterali, sub epidermide tenut, decidua, pallide flava squalide

alba, calcarea, ad umbones erosa, intus candida; latere antico

brevi, late obtuso, subsemicirculari, superne tumidulo ; latere

postico triangulari, superne recto, longe declivi, extremitate acu-

minato; flexura angusta, vix conspicua ; sinu pallii magno, in

medio dilatato, spathuliformi, profundo, apice acuto, sub impres-

362

sione muscularit postica maxime strangulato ; ligumento elongato,

crassiusculo, partim infosso.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

203. TELLINA ABBREVIATA, Desh. T. testa late ovato-trigona,

compressa, solidula, valde inequilaterali, albo-pellucida, transver-

sim tenue et irregulariter striata, striis obtusis confertis ; latere

antico lato, regulariter semi-elliptico ; latere postico brevi, superne

recto, rapide declivi, extremitate angulato, subrostrato ; plicatura

posticali angusta, satis profunda, duplicata, in valva dextra trans-

versim oblique lamellosa ; cardine angusto, inequaliter bidentato,

dentibus lateralibus validis, elongatis, antico approximato ; area

elongata, angusta, excavata, levigata, angulo acuto circumdata.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming.

204. TELLINA BREVIROSTRIS, Desh. T. testa late ovata, subtri-

gona, minima, tenui, depressa, inequilaterali, candida, transversim

tenue lamellosa, lamellis regularibus, brevibus, erectis, equidistan-

tibus ; latere antico paulo longiore, late obtuso, semi-elliptico ;

latere postico triangulari, superne recto et valde declivi, inferne

rostro brevi terminato; flecura minima, uniangulata, angusta,

lamellis transversis rarioribus ; area elongato-lanceolata, angusta,

excavata, carina acuta, tenue et eleganter crenulata circumdata ;

lunula minima, angusta, lanceolata; dentibus lateralibus, subequa-

libus, subequidistantibus ; sinu pallit prelongo, superne gibboso,

dein declivi.

Hab. Central America and California. Coll. Cuming.

205. TeLL1INA AusTRALIS, Desh. T. testa ovato-trigona, tenui,

pellucida, compressa, subequilaterali, pallide straminea, trans-

versim tenuissime et regulariter striata, in valva sinistra striis

postice evanidis, in dextra continuis ; umbonibus acutis, promi-

nentibus ; margine superiore utroque latere equaliter declivi ;

latere antico lato, obtuso, postice attenuato, oblique truncato,

triangulato; flecura parva, parum perspicua; cardine angusto,

dentibus lateralibus inequalibus, antico majore, approximato;

sinu pallii maximo, superne undulato, apice acuto.

Hab. Australia.

206. Tenuina Srrancei, Desh. T. testa ovato-subtrigona,

convexiuscula, tenui, pellucida, inequilaterali, pallide lutea,

transversim tenuissime lamellosa, striisque longitudinalibus,

regularibus decussata; lamellis regularibus, equidistantibus,

brevibus ; latere antico longiore, superne parum declivi, obtuso,

postico paulo attenuato, obtuso, vir fleco, margine inferiore

regulariter convexo; umbonibus minimis, vix prominentibus,

lunula minima, parum excavata, lanceolata, levigata ; dentibus

lateralibus magnis, subequalibus, equidistantibus.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

207. TELLINA TESSELLATA, Desh. TJ. testa ovato-transversa,

tenui, pellucida, tumidula, inequilaterali, omnino squalide fulva,

363

intus concolore, nitente, striis longitudinalibus transversalibus-

que tenue et eleganter decussata, striis omnibus regularibus,

equaliter impressis ; latere antico elongato, semi-elliptico,

superne inferneque convexiusculo ; latere postico superne recto,

declivi, extremitate truncato ; fleeura fere nulla; cardine an-

gusto, dentibus lateralibus magnis, elongatis, triangularibus,

prominentibus, equalibus, subequidistantibus ; sinu pallii max-

imo, ovato, in medio superne gibbosulo.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Coll. Cuming.

208. TeLuina arrenvata, Desh. T. testa ovato-trigona, de-

pressa, solidula, subequilateralhi, candida, transversim inequa-

liter substriata; latere antico longiore, paulo obliquato, obtuso,

superne declivi, convexiusculo, margine inferiore superiori fere

parallelo ; latere postico angulo obliquo decurrente separato,

superne recto, declivi, extremitate attennato, subrostrato ;

flexura posticali fere nulla; cardine angusto, dentibus latera-

libus nullis; sinu pallii magno, profundo, impressione musculari

antica juncto, superne dilatato, angulato.

Hab. Port Essington. Coll. Cuming.

209. TeLuina stticuLa, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, crassiuscula, tumidula, valde inequilaterali, alba, vel

pallide sulphurea, in latere postico radio unico, pallide roseo

ornata, nitida, oblique tenuissime striata, striis argute undu-

latis, ad latus posticum subito terminatis ; latere antico elon-

gato, obtuso, marginibus rectis, parallelis ; latere postico obli-

que truncato, inferne angulo obtusiusculo terminato, transversim

tenue sublamelloso ; flecura fere nulla; cardine crassiusculo,

bidentato, altero unidentato, dentibus lateralibus nullis.

Hab. Columbia. Coll. Cuming.

210. Texuina pexLicaruLa, Desh. T. testa elongato-ovata,

tenuissima, compressa, hyalina, valde inequilaterali, pallide et

gratissime rosea, oblique tenuissime striata, striis equalibus, satis

distantibus, regularibus, in latere postico deficientibus ; latere

antico elongato, longe semi-elliptico, obtuso, superne inferneque

convexiusculo ; latere postico obtuso, subangulato, tenue transver-

sim plicato ; cardine angustissimo unidentato, dente laterali antico

minimo, elongato, posticali nullo; sinu palliit magno, oblongo,

profundo, superne undulato.

Hab. Mazatlan. Coll. Cuming.

211. Tetnina straminrA, Desh. T. testa ovato-trigona, tenui,

pellucida, convexiuscula, subequilaterali, omnino pallide straminea,

transversim tenue et regulariter striata; latere antico obtuso,

superne declivi, paulo breviore, postico valde attenuato, triangulari,

acuto, superne recto, declivi ; cardine angustissimo, dente laterali

antico minimo, perspicuo, posticali nullo ; sinu pallit maximo, late

trigono, superne angulato, gibboso.

Hab, Bay of California. Coll. Cuming.

364

212. Truurna Lepa, Desh. T. testa minima, ovato-transversa,

tenui, depressa, equilaterali, alba, transversim regulariter striata,

striis impressis ; lateribus equaliter obtusis, superne declivibus,

margine inferiore paulo convexo; latere postico angulo obtuso

distincto, striis transversis obsoletis, longitudinalibus decussatis ;

cardine angusto, dentibus cardinalibus minimis, lateralibus equa-

libus, equidistantibus ; flecura postica fere nulla; lunula lanceo-

lata, minima, excavata.

Hab. Malacca. Coll. Cuming.

213. TeLLINA RUBELLA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, tenut,

Sragili, convexiuscula, valde inequilaterali, omnino rubro-purpu-

rascente, antice posticeque rubro saturatiore uniradiata, transver-

sim tenue et regulariter striata, striis ad latus posticum evanes-

centibus ; latere antico elongato, obtuso, superne recto, non declivi,

margine inferiore recto, superiort parallelo; latere postico attenu-

ato, declivi, inferne acuminato, striis undulatis transversis pre-

sertim in valvula dextra ornato; cardine angustissimo, dentibus

minimis, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallit maximo, obtuso, in medio

dilatato.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

214. TeLLina RuBRA, Desh. T. testa orbiculato-trigona, depressa,

tenui, pellucida, subequilaterali, omnino rubro-purpurea, trans-

versim argutissime striata, striis in valva dextra profundioribus,

in sinistra obsoletis, fere nullis, in latere postico evanescentibus ;

latere antico breviter semi-ovalt, late obtuso, postico paulo breviore,

triangulari, superne recto, declivi, inferne attenuato, flexura

parum profunda, angusta ; cardine unidentato, dentibus lateralibus

parvis, postico longiore, remoto; sinu pallit maximo, triangulari,

angulo superiore acuto, sub cardine prodiente.

Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming.

215. Tevuina resecra, Desh. T. testa trigona, depressiuscula,

crassa, valde inequilaterali, sub angulo fere recto postice quasi

resecta, candida, transversim tenuissime striato-lamellosa, striis

tenuibus longitudinalibus decussata, striis transversis, erectis,

pluribus ad latus posticum inter se confluentibus, antice sursum

reflewis ; latere antico prelongo, semi-ovali ; latere postico ab-

rupte truncato, inferne angulato, flexura parum perspicua, in

valva dextra biangulata, lamellosa ; area postica plana, levi-

gata, angulo acuto, tenue serrato circumscripta; ligamento

elongato, crasso, partim infosso, cardine inequaliter bidentato,

dentibus majoribus pediculatis, apice profunde bifidis; sinu

pallii maximo, elliptico.

Hab. Australia.

216. TreLirna piAPHANA, Desh. T’. testa ovato-trigona, solidula,

convexiuscula, equilaterali, candido-diaphana, zonulis magis

perlucentibus interrupta, transversim striato-lamellosa, in latere

antico obtusioribus, striis radiantibus, tenuissimis decussata ;

365

latere antico semi-ovato, postico triangulari, attenuato, com-

presso, brevirostrato, longe superne recto et declivi, margine

inferiore convexo; cardine lato, inequaliter bidentato, dentibus

lateralibus triangularibus, inequalibus, antico majore, postico

magis remoto ; sinu pallii maximo, impressione musculari antica

juncto, superne gibboso, dein paulo excavato.

Hab. Japan. Coll. Cuming.

217. Texiina pENTICULATA, Desh. T. testa ovato-subtrigona,

transversa, crassa, solida, compressa, subequilaterali, omnino

candida, transversim regulariter et tenuissime striata, striis

acutiusculis, longitudinalibus, obsoletis decussatis ; latere an-

tico lato, paulo breviore, semi-elliptico, postico attenuato, su-

perne recto et declivi, extremitate brevi-truncato ; flexura mi-

nima, angusta, in valvula dextra biangulata; area angusta,

plana, angulo acuto et regulariter denticulato circumscripta ;

cardine crasso, latiusculo, dentibus lateralibus magnis, elongatis,

antico paulo majore, approximato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

218. TELLINA SQUAMIFERA, Desh. JT. testa ovato-transversa,

compressa, solidula, inequivalvi, equilaterali, candida, trans-

versim tenue et regulariter lamellosa, lamellis numerosis, latis,

in latere postico erectis, in antico retroversis, lateribus equaliter

obtusis et superne declivibus ; margine inferiore regulariter

arcuato ; in flecura posticali parum profunda lamellis distan-

tioribus et minus regularibus; area angusta, plana, levigata,

angulo squamifero marginata, squamis magnis, erectis, obliquis,

regularibus; dentibus lateralibus magnis, subequalibus, postico

valde remoto ; sinu pallii breviculo, obtuso, medio dilatato.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

219. TeLuInA sEMIASPERA, Desh. J’. testa ovato-transversa,

tenui, pellucida, compressa, equilaterali, candidissima, in medio

transversim regulariter tenue striata, ad latus posticum striis

erectiusculis, lamellaribus, irregulariter interruptis, in latere

postico squamulis longis, erectis, spineformibus, quincuncialibus

exasperata, in latere antico squamulis brevioribus, radiatim

ordinatis ; latere antico obtuso, semi-elliptico, postico oblique

truncato, subangulato ; flecura satis profunda, in valva dextra

subcarinata; lunula angusta, lanceolata, impressa, levigata,

angulo marginata ; dentibus lateralibus magnis, equalibus,

aquidistantibus.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

220. TELLINA SOLENELLA, Desh. IT. testa elongato-transversa,

subsoleniformi, depressa, tenuissima, membranacea, hyalina,

inequilaterali, candida, levigata, nitente ; latere antico paulo

longiore, obtuso, margine superiore et inferiore convexius-

culis parallelis; latere postico obtuso, paulo angustiore, non

366

declivi, hiante ; flecura vix perspicua ; cardine angusto, biden-

tato, dente laterali antico minimo, cardine approximato.

Hab. Philippines, Bohol. Coll. Cuming.

221. Trtuina EGREGIA, Desh. 7. testa ovato-transversa, tenui,

fragili, tumidula, inequilaterali, rosea, roseo-purpurascente

transversim multifasciata, albo eleganter radiata, nitida, in-

equaliter transversim substriata ; latere antico semi-elliptico,

superne inferneque convexiusculo ; latere postico triangulari,

depresso, declivi, subrostrato, apice truncato; flecura late

biplicata, subangulata, levigata ; cardine angusto, inequaliter

bidentato, altero unidentato, dextibus majoribus apice dilatatis,

Surcatis, lateralibus minimis, angustis, equalibus, subequidi-

stantibus; sinu pallii elongato, supra gibboso, extremitate

attenuaio.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

222. TELLINA AMBOYNENSIS, Desh. TJ’. testa transversa, ovato-

oblonga, tenui, fragili, turgidula, subequilaterali, albo-flavida,

subcornea, zonulis angustis interrupta, levigata, nitente, obso-

letissime transversim striata; latere antico paulo longiore,

parum oblique obtuso, superne inferneque convewiusculo, mar-

ginibus parallelis; latere postico paulo attenuato, superne

declivi, convexiusculo, ad extremitatem truncato; flecura parum

profunda ; ligamento immerso, cardine angusto, dente laterali

postico vix perspicuo, antico nullo; sinu palli profundo, lato,

ovato, subspathuliformi.

Hab. Amboyna. Coll. Cuming.

223. TELLINA GLABRELLA, Desh. 7’. testa ovato-trigona, trans-

versa, compressa, tenui, subequilaterali, sub epidermide tenui,

pallide flavida, albo-cretacea, inequaliter obsolete transversim

striata ; latere antico longe semi-elliptico, obtuso, superne

inferneque convexiusculo ; latere postico attenuato, trigono,

superne recto et declivi; margine inferiore in medio recto, extre-

mitatibus arcuato ; umbonibus acutis ; flecura angusta, parum

perspicua ; cardine angusto, bidentato, dentibus inequalibus,

minimis, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallit profundo, superne gib-

boso, deinde declivi.

Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming.

224. TeLtuina raptans, Desh. T. testa orbiculato-trigona,

solida, depressiuscula, inequilaterali, pallide flava, ad umbones

roseo-purpurascente, radiis numerosis roseis ornata, in valvula

sinistra minus numerosis, transversim tenue et regulariter

striata, striis simplicibus, obtusis; latere antico magno, late

semi-ovalt, postico brevi, trigono, superne recto, rapide declivi,

inferne subangulato, subrostrato; flexura brevi, parum pro-

Sunda ; lunula areaque albis ; valvis intus pallide purpureis ;

cardine crasso, dentibus lateralibus crassis, brevibus, equalibus,

367

cardine approximatis ; sinu pallii profundissimo, impressionem

muscularem anticam attingente, superne gibboso.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

225. TELLINA PETALINA, Desh. T". testa ovato-transversa, sub-

trigona, tenui, compressiuscula, inequilaterali, pallide albo-

lutescente, roseo-purpurascente pulchre guttato-radiata, radiis

numerosis angustis, interruptis, umbonibus albidis, intus coloribus

repetitis, transversim striata, striis tenuibus, regularibus, ad

umbones nullis, ad latus posticum subundulatis ; latere antico

semi-elliptico, superne umbones versus concaviusculo, inferne

convexo ; latere postico breviore, triangulari, superne recto et

oblique declivi, ad extremitatem acuminato; flexura parva,

angusta, parum profunda, levigata ; dentibus lateralibus mag-

nis, triangularibus, acutis, equidistantibus.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

226. TeLLina RUFA, Desh. JT’. testa ovato-transversa, solidula,

convexiuscula, inequilaterali, albida, rufo late radiata, radiis

inequalibus, ad umbones sepius interruptis, transversim regu-

lariter striata, striis antice planulatis, in medio et ad latus

posticum erectis, striis longitudinalibus decussatis in valva

sinistra, striis transversis in latere postico subito evanidis ;

latere antico elongato, semi-elliptico, marginibus, parallelis ;

latere postico triangulari, attenuato, superne declivi, apice

truncato ; flexura lata, profunda, biplicata, profunde transver-

sim striato-plicata ; valvis intus pallide luteis; dentibus latera-

libus magnis, acutis, equalibus, equidistantibus ; sinu pall

magno, obtuso, ovato.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

227. TeLuina INCERTA, Desh. 1’. testa late ovata, transversa,

solidula, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, in umbones purpurata,

flava vel pallide purpurascente, purpureo-radiata, radiis nume-

rosis, maculis saturatioribus transversim maculatis, strigis

trregularibus fissuras simulantibus subreticulata, transversim

striata, striis antice planis et obtusis, in medio erectis, angus-

tioribus, interstitiis striis longitudinalibus notatis ; latere

antico longiore, semiovato, obtuso, superne subrecto, inferne

convexiusculo ; latere postico triangulari, attenuato, inflexo,

obtuse subtruncato ; flecura profunda, satis lata, biplicata,

striato-lamellosa, superne alba; valvis intus vel purpureis vel

sulphureis ; cardine crasso, dentibus lateralibus acutis, triangu-

laribus, magnis, equidistantibus.

Tellina crucigera, var., Hanley.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

228. TELLINA FLAMMULA, Desh. T'. testa elongato-transversa,

subovata, solida, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, luteo-sulphurea,

in umbones purpureo-violascente maculata et biflammulata,

flammulis rapide evanescentibus, transversim tenue striata, striis

368

depressis, ad latus posticum erectis, et in squamulas inequales

divisis, in valva dextra striis postice subito evanidis ; latere

antico semi-elliptico, obtuso, paulo longiore; latere postico atte-

nuato, subrostrato, superne declivi, extremitate truncato, flexura

profunda, fere levigata ; valvis intus sulphureis ; sinu pallii

profundissimo, longe ovato.

“Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

229. Tetuina Sresotpu, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, lanceolata, tenui, fragili, compressa, inequilaterali, om-

nino rubro-purpurascente, in valva sinistra transversim tenue et

satis regulariter striata, in valva dextra striis obsoletis ; latere

antico elongato, obtuso, superne recto, inferne paulo arcuato ;

latere postico breviore, valde attenuato, compresso, rostrato ;

Jlexura angusta ; area posticali angusta, eleganter plicata, angulo

angusto, tenue et regulariter crenato circumdata ; dentibus late-

ralibus angustis, elongatis, equalibus, equidistantibus ; sinu pallii

breviculo, superne gibboso, dein declivi, apice attenuato.

Hab. Japan. Coll. Cuming.

230. TeLLina venustTa, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa,

tenui, fragili, compressiuscula, inequilaterali, nitida, sulphureo-

incarnata, ad umbones rosea, et breviter subradiata, radio unico

angusto, roseo in plicatura posticali, transversim obsoletissime

striata, in valva dextra, striis ad latus posticum prominentioribus,

acutis ; latere antico elongato, obtuso, longe semi-elliptico, mar-

ginibus parallelis ; latere postico triangulari, compresso, attenuato,

rostrato, plicatura satis profunda, contorto, apice oblique trun-

cato ; sinu pallit breviculo, attenuato, superne in medio gibbosulo,

deinde declivi, et paulo excavato ; dentibus lateralibus angustissi-

mis, elongatis, equalibus.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Coll. Cuming.

231. Tevirna praLeuca, Desh. YT. testa elongato-transversa,

tenui, fragili, turgidula, inequilaterali, nitida, hyalina, pallide

flavo-aurantia, ad umbones subvitrea, obsoletissime transversim

et longitudinaltter striata, striis transversis in latere postico pro-

minulis, subrotundato-crenatis ; latere antico prelongo, longe

semiovali, superne recto, inferne conveviusculo; latere postico

valde attenuato, rostrato, apice breviter truncato, superne recto et

declivi; flecura profunda, in valva dextra acute biangulata ;

cardine angusto, inequaliter bidentato, dente laterali antico minimo,

elongato, valde remoto, postico minore.

Hab. Pedang. Coll. Cuming.

232. TeLLrna suLcatina, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, compressa, tenui, inequilaterali, inequivalvi, squalide

flavo-rubente, transversim tenue et regulariter striata, striis planis,

latis, ad latus posticum rectiusculis, acutiusculis ; latere antico

longe semi-elliptico, angusto, obtuso, superne inferneque recto,

marginibus parallelis, latere postico subtrigono, elongato, subros-

369

trato, apice oblique truncato, superne recto et declivi, flexura

obtusa distincto, supra angulum transversim lamelloso ; cardine

angusto ; dente laterali antico elongato, postico nullo ; sinu pallii

profundo, angusto, obluso, marginibus parallelis.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

233. Tex~yina vinosa, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa, soli-

dula, subventricosa, inequilaterali, squalide purpurea, vinosa,

zonulis aliquibus saturatioribus interrupta, intus grate albo-pur-

purascenti, ad extremitatem posticam vivide purpureo-sanguinea,

transversim striata; striis in latere antico simplicibus, planis, ad

latus posticum angustioribus, erectiusculis, et in squamulas erectas,

inequales divisis, in valva sinisira striis postice subito interruptis ;

latere antico elliptico, paulo dilatato, obtuso ; latere postico tri-

angulari, attenuato, rostrato, superne recto et declivi ; flexura

profunde biplicata, levigata ; cardine crassiusculo, dentibus late-

ralibus validis, elongatis, equalibus, equidistantibus.

Hob. ——? Coll. Cuming.

234. TeLtrna amana, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa, an-

gusta, solidula, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, pallide luteo-sul-

phurea, radiis raris, angustis, purpureis, interruptis ornata, trans-

versim regulariter striata ; striis in latere antico planis, in latere

postico erectis, sublamellosis, aliquantisper paulo interruptis in

valva dextra, continuis et crassioribus in sinistra ; latere antico

longe semi-elliptico, obtuso, superne inferneque vix convexiusculo ;

latere postico breviori, triangulari, angusto, attenuato, rostrato,

acuto, flecura profunda notato, in flecura lamelloso ; dentibus lute-

ralibus validis, equalibus, equidistantibus, in valva dextra dilatatis.

Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming.

235. TeLuina GrRatiosa, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa,

solidula, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, pallide sulphurea, purpureo

eleganter radiata, fasciis tricoloribus, transversis, satis regulariter

interruptis et maculis quadratis formatis ; umbonibus purpureis ;

transversim et regulariter striata, striis latis, planis in latere

antico, in postico angustis, lamellosis, in squamulas oblongas in-

terruplis; latere antico longiori, obtuso, superne fere recto, inferne

in medio convexo, latere postico attenuato, inflexo, rostrato, oblique

truncato, superne recto et declivi, flecura profunda, lamellosa ;

cardine inequaliter bidentato, dentibus lateralibus magnis elongatis,

postico paulo breviori.

Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming.

236. TeLuina Grata, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa, soli-

dula, compressiuscula, inequilaterali, pallide purpurascenti, pur-

pureo interruptim radiata, radiis ad umbones evanidis, in latere

antico tenuissime et regulariter striata, striis in medio multo minus

numerosis, majoribus, postice lamellosis et in squamulas interruptis ;

latere antico semi-elliptico, postico breviori, attenuato, rostrato,

flexura profunda notato ; valvis intus albis, ad margines purpureis,

No. CCLXXXIII.—Proceepinecs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

370

impressionibus muscularibus sanguineis; sinu pallii profundis-

simo, longissime elliptico.

Hab. Amboyna. Coll. Cuming.

237. TELLINA ORNATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa, an-

gusta, solidula, convexiuscula, inequilaterali, albo pallide purpu-

rascenti, ad umbones purpurea, radiis purpureis, angustis ornata,

transversim regulariter et tenue striata; striis obtusis, ad latus

posticum angustioribus, lamellosis, erectis ; latere antico longiori,

angusto, obtuso, marginibus parallelis ; latere postico attenuato,

subrostrato, superne recto et declivi, extremitate perpendiculariter

truncato; flecura profunda, in valva dextra biangulata, viz striato-

lamellosa; sinu pallii longissimo, angusio, marginibus convexi-

usculis, fere parallelis.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

238. TELLINA DECOLORATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-transversa,

solidula, depressa, equilaterali, pallide luteo-grisea, transversim

sulcata, sulcis ad latus posticum distantioribus, sublamellosis, in

squamulas breves interruptis, interstitiis striis obsoletis longitudi-

nalibus radiatis ; latere antico semi-elliptico, superne recto, paulo

declivi, inferne convexiusculo ; latere postico rostrato, arcuato,

recte truncato, attenuato, superne recto et declivi; flexura pro-

funda, biangulata, late lamellosa ; area angusta, plana, angulo

crenato circumdata ; sinu pallii magno, profundo, ovato, apice

elevato, acuminato.

Hab. Moluccas. Coll. Cuming.

239. TELLINA DISSIMILIS, Desh. T’. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, crassiuscula, compressiuscula, subequilaterali, luteo-fla-

vescenti, ad umbones albicanti, purpureo multi-radiata, transversim

striato-sulcata, sulcis in valva devtra ad latus posticum erectius-

culis, lamellosis et squamulis erectis quincuncialibus divisis ; in

valva sinistra sulcis continuis ; latere antico paulo longiori, longe

semi-elliptico, superne recto, inferne paulo convexo ; latere postico

triangulari, late subrostrato, attenuato, superne recto, declivi,

extremitate oblique truncato ; flecura profunda, biangulata, un-

datim lamellosa ; valvis intus albis, roseo-radiatis; sinu pallii

profundo, anguste elliptico.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

240. TELLINA SPLENDIDA, Desh. T.testaeclongato-transversa, soli-

dula, compressiuscula, subequilaterali, albo pallide lutea, eleganter

purpureo vivide multi-radiata, radiis interruptis, fasciis angustis

albis et purpureo saturatiore, umbonibus pallidis, intus lutea, roseo

pallide radiata, transversim regulariter et profunde striata ; striis

antice obtusis, ad latus posticum acutioribus et in valva sinistra

tenue undato-crispis ; latere antico longe semi-elliptico, superne

recto ; latere postico attenuato, rostrato, superne recto et declivi,

extremitate truncato ; cardine dentibus lateralibus elongatis, acutis,

e@quidistantibus.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

371

241. TeLuina pusta, Desh. T. testa ovato-transversa, tumidula,

solidiuscula, alba, zonulis transversis, pallidis interrupta, inequi-

laterali, transversim inequaliter subtilissime striata ; lutere

antico elongato, semi-elliptico, late obtuso, margine superiore in-

Feriori parallelo ; latere postico brevi, flexura lata, non profunda,

contorto, superne recto et declivi, extremitate late truncato ; liga-

mento brevi, semicylindrico, intus in margine triangulari affixo ;

dentibus cardinalibus duobus parvis, lateralibus nullis ; sinu pallii

irregulariter trapezoidali, in medio valde dilatato.

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INDEX.

The names of New Species, and of Species newly characterized, are printed in

Roman Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel

information is given, in Jéalics: those of Species respecting which Anatomical Ob-

servations are made, in CAPITALs.

Abrornis affinis (Hodgs.), Moore, n. sp.,

106

— albogularis (Hodgs.), Moore, n. sp.,

106

—— poliogenys, Blyth, 106

xanthoschistos, Hodgs., 106

Acanthylis albicollis, Vieill., 110

caudacuta, Blyth, 266

— collaris, Gray, 110

giganteus, Temm., 266

Accentor, Bechst., 116

Accentor alpinus, Gmel., 116

alpinus, Vieill., 117

altaicus, Brandt, 120

atrogularis, Brandt, 120

—— atrogularis, Hutton, 119

cacharensis, Hodgs., 116

Calliope, Temm., 120

—— himalayanus, Blyth, 117

Huttoni, Moore, 119

— immaculatus, Hodgs., 119

modularis, Linn., 118

mollis, Blyth, 119

— montanellus, Pallas, 118

—— nipalensis, Hodgs., 116

— rubeculoides (Hodgs.), Moore, n.sp.,

118

— rubidus, Temm. et Schl., 118

— strophiatus, Hodgs., 119

Temminckii, Brandt, 118

variegatus, Blyth, 117

Accentorina, Vigors, 116

Accipiter affinis, Hodgs., 260

— besra, Jerdon, 260

Dussumierii, Syes, 260

Fringillarius, Jerd., 260

— virgatus, 260

~ Achatina, 161, 199

Achatina acicula, Miller, 201

Albersi, Pfr., n. sp., 295

— Auwrora, Pfr., n. sp., 294

— capillacea, Pfr., n. sp., 294

—— Chinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 294

—— cylichna, Lowe, 206

— eulima, Lowe, 201

Achatina flexuosa, Pfr., n. sp., 150

—~- folliculus, Gron., 200

— gracilis, Lowe, 200

—— levigata, Pfr., n. sp., 294

—— Leacociana, Lowe, 205

Maderensis, Lowe, 199

Maniensis, Pf, n. sp., 126

melampoides, Lowe, 203

— mitriformis, Lowe, 203

—— Natalensis, Pfr., n. sp., 294

—— oryza, Lowe, 204

ovuliformis, Lowe, 206

producta, Lowe, 202

— tornatellina, Lowe, 203

triticea, Lowe, 205

tuberculata, Lowe, 204

vestita, Pfr., n. sp., 293

virens, Pfr., n. sp., 125

Achatinella Adamsi, 311

decipiens, Newe., 310

glabra, 310

Helena, Newe., 311

Mastersi, Newe., 311

perdix, Reeve, 311

— physa, Newe., 311

picta, Migh., 311

—- radiata, Gould, 310

— Redfieldi, Newe., 311

rubens, Gould, 310

rubiginosa, Newe., 310

rutila, Newe., 310

—— subvirens, 310

—— teniolata, Pfr., 310

tessellata, Newe., 311

— tetrao, Newce., 311

virgulata, Migh., 311

viridans, Migh., 310

Acicula, Risso, 201

Acicula acicula, Miller, 201

eulima, Lowe, 201

Acostza Guaduasana, D’Ord., 129

Actzon, Montf., 58

Acteon Bevaletii, Baudon, 59

Cumingii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 59

—— denticulata, Flem., 32

374

Acteon Diane, A. Adams, n. sp., 59

Slammeus, Ginel., 59

— Marie, 4. Adams, n. sp., 60

— modestus, 4. Adams, nu. sp., 60

oryza, Reeve, 59

pudicus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 60

punctostriatus, 59

—— Senegalensis, Petit, 59

Siebaldii, Reeve, 59

tornatilis, Linn., 59

venustus, D’Orb., 59

virgatus, Reeve, 59

Actinella, Lowe, 180

Actinella actinophora, Lowe, 180

—— arcta, Lowe, 180

arridens, Lowe, 180

—— lentiginosa, Lowe, 180

—— stellaris, Lowe, 180

Actinodura rufifrons, 105

Adamsiella longicollis, P/r., n. sp., 128

Alauda Deva, Sykes, 161

—— pratensis, Raffles, 285

Alcedo asiatica, Sw., 269

atricapilla, Gmel., 268

chlorocephala, Gmel., 269

—— collaris, Scop., 269

erythaca, Lath., 269

Jusca, Bodd., 268

— leucocephala, Gmel., 268

—— Meninting, Horsf., 269

—— purpurea, Gmel., 269

—— rubra, Bodd., 269

—— rudis, Linn., 269

sacra, Horsf., 269

— Senegalensis, Gmel., 269

—— Smyrnensis, Linn., 268

—— tridactyla, Linn., 269

Alcippe affinis, Blyth, 277

—— albogularis, Blyth, 277

—— Cantori, Moore, n. sp., 277

cinerea, Eyton, 276

—— magnirostris, Moore, n. sp., 277

striata, Blyth, 277

Alexia, Leach, 32

Alexia acuta, D’Orb., 33

Bermudensis, H. et A. Adams,

0. Sp., 33

—— Biasolettiana, Kiister, 33

denticulata, Montf., 32

Kutschigiana, Kiister, 33

— myosotis, Drap., 33

personata, Migh., 32

reflexilabris, D’Orb., 33

Alvearella, Zowe, 212

Alvearella abbreviata, Lowe, 212

cassidula, Lowe, 212

concinna, Lowe, 212

—— gibba, Lowe, 212

Ampelis Riefferi, Boiss., 113

Amphiperas bimaculata, 4. Adama, n. sp.,

131

INDEX.

Amphiperas concinna, Sow., 131

—— margarita, 4. Addams, n. sp., 130

pudica, 4. Adams, n. sp., 131

—— pyrulina, 4. Adams, n. sp., 131

— Rhodia, A. Adams, n. sp., 130

scitula, 4. ddams, n. sp., 131

Amphorella, Lowe, 202

Amphorella melampoidea, Lowe, 203

— mitriformis, Lowe, 203

— tornatellina, Lowe, 203

Anadema, 4. Addams, n. g., 39

Anadema celata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 39

Anculotus carinatus, Layard, n. sp., 94

Ancylus, Geoffr., 218

Ancylus fluviatilis, Mill., 218

Andigena nigrirostris, Waterh., 115

Anomala angulata, Desh., n. sp., 22

Cumingii, Desh., n. sp., 22

inflata, Desh., n. sp., 23

insignis, Desh., n. sp., 20

isocardioides, Desh., n. sp., 22

—— maritima, C. B. ddams, na. sp.,

345

— nitidula, Desh., n. sp., 21

notabilis, Desh., n. sp., 21

Anthus euonyx, Cabanis, 285

malayensis, Eyton, 285

— rufulus, Drap., 285

Aplysiade, 107

Aquila fusca, Gray, 3

nevia, Gould, 3

Arbelorhina cerebicolor, Reich., 252

4rcide, 108

Arcinella, 130

Arion, Férussac, 162

Arion ater, Linn., 162

Empiricorum, Fér., 162

Arremon aurantiirostris, Lafr., 114

axillaris, Sc/ater, n. sp., 97

—— semitorquata, 97

spectabilis, Sclater, n. sp., 114

Astur unicolor, Temm., 259

Asychnia modestella, 224

Athene malayensis, Eyton, 262

radiata, Tickell, 262

undulata, Blyth, 262

Auricella, Surine, 33

Auricella carychium, Hartm., 33

duricula, Lamk., 7, 217

Auricula acuta, D’Orb., 33

e@qualis, 217

alba, Gray, 36

-— angiostoma, Desh., 11

angulifera, Petit, 31

auricella, Fér., 217

australis, Desh., 34

avena, Petit, 32

—— bidentata, Fér., 36

— Bivona, Phil., 36

caffra, Kuster, 10

— Callaoensis, Petit, 35

Auricula Ceylanica, Petit, 10

Chinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 152

eingulata, Pfr., 11

Columbiensis, Miller, 10

coneinna, Adams, 34

coniformis, Fér., 9

cornea, Desh., 10

coronula, C. B. ddams, n. sp., 10

costata, Quoy et Gaim., 13

cymbeformis, Recl., 35

dactyla, Pfr., n. sp., 151

— densata, Beck, 7

— doliolum, Petit, 31

elongata, Parr., 8

erosa, Jeffr., 36

exigua, Lowe, 218

Saba, Menke, 32

— fasciata, Desh., 11

— felis, Lamk., 31

Firminii, Payr., 35

— Floridiana, Shuttl., 11

—— frumentum, Petit, 32

-—— fusca, Kiister, 9

gracilis, Lowe, 217

granifera, Mouss., 12

granulina, Mihl., 7

helvacea, Phil., 8

—— infrequens, C. B. Adams, 11

Jude, Lamk., 7

Kraussti, Kiister, 31

— Kiisterii, Krauss, 1]

Kutschigiana, Kiist., 33

— leucodon, Beck, 9

-—— leucodonta, Nutt., 10

livida, Desh., 10

— lutea, Quoy et Gaim., 10

marinella, King, 35

— Micheli, Mittré, 36

— microstoma, Kiist., 36

— Mide, Lamk., 7, 217

—— minima, Drap., 33

monile, Quoy et Gaim., 9

— monile, Reeve, 11

mustelina, Desh., 31

— myosotis, Jeffr., 32

—— nigra, Phil., 35

— nitens, Lamk., 10

— nucleus, Martyn, 31

oliva, d’Orb., 11

olivula, Moric., 11

ovata, Gray, 34

— ovula, Fér., 10

pallescens, Kiist., 10

pallida, Sow., 7

Panamensis, C. B. Adams, 10

papillifera, Kiist., 7

pellucens, Menke, 33

—— pepita, Reeve, 35

— personata, Lamk., 33

— Philippii, Kiist., 10

— polita, Metc., 7

INDEX. 375

Auricula protracta, Beck, 7

pulehella, Petit, 11

—— pygmea, Desh., 33

—— pyriformis, Petit, 10

Recluziana, Petit, 35

reflexilabris, d’Orb., 33

reticulata, Anton, 7

—— rugata, Menke, 31

—— saccata, Pfr., n. sp., 121

Sandwichensis, Eyd., 34

Sayi, Kiist., 36

—— Sheepmakeri, Petit, 7

Sowerbyana, Pfr., 32

stagnalis, Petit, 7

subula, Quoy et Gaim., 8

suleulosa, Mouss., 31

tenella, Menke, 33

Tobagensis, C. B. Adams, 9

tornatelliformis, Petit, 7

turrita, Pfr., n. sp., 121

—— Umlaasiana, Krauss, 9

villosa, Fér., 35

Auriculide, 30, 217

Auriculine, Pfr., 30

Auriculus, Montf., 7

Auxocrossa Hopfferi, 224

Balea, Pridx., 215

Balea fragilis, Rossm., 215

—— perversa, Flem., 215

Batissa atrata, Desh., n. sp., 14

australis, Desh., n. sp., 346

— corbiculoides, Desh., n. sp., 14

— humerosa, Desh., n. sp., 14

insignis, Desh., n. sp., 13

lenticularis, Desh., n. sp., 14

—— megadesma, Desh., n.sp., 14

producta, Desh., n. sp., 13

triquetra, Desh., n. sp., 13

Batrachostomus auritus, Vig., 266

cornutus, Temm., 266

Javanensis, Horsf., 266

stellatus, Gould, 266

Bhuchanga annectens, Hodgs., 271

Blagrus leucogaster, Blyth, 261

Bombycistomus Fullertonii, Hay, 266

Borborus, 219

Boreus, 219

Brachypodius melanocephalus, 278

tristis, Blyth, 279

Brachypteryx, Horsf., 273

Brachypteryx albogularis, Hartl., 275

acutirostris, Eyton, 276

cruralis, Blyth, 74

— nigrogularis, Eyton, 276

nigrocapitata, Eyton, 273

nipalensis (Hodgs.), Moore, n. sp.,

— scapularis, Horsf., 75

Bubo orientalis, Horsf., 262

Buccinulus, Planc., 60

Buccinum costatum, Quoy, 313

376 INDEX.

Bucco collaris, Lath., 110

—- macrorhynchus, Gmel., 110

Budytes anthoides, Hodgs., 285

Beema, Sykes, 285

dubia, Hodgs., 285

—— flava, Jerdon, 285

flaviventer, Hodgs., 285

neylecta, Jerdon, 285

schisticeps, Hodgs., 285

viridis, Linn., 285

Bulimus acutus, Mill., 198

—— adumbratus, Pfr., n. sp., 291

—— Antioquiensis, P/r., n. sp., 291

auris-felis, Brug., 31

—— auris-Jude, Brug., 7

—— auris-Mide, Brug., 7

—— australis, Brug., 34

-—— bivaricosus, Gaskoin, n. sp., 152

—— Cesar, Pfr., n. sp., 293

—— Columbiensis, Pfr., n. sp., 124

—— coniformis, Brug., 9

—— cretaceus, Pfr., n.sp., 123

— decollatus, Linn., 199

—— diaphanus, Pfr., n. sp., 125

excoriatus, Pfr., n.sp., 123

Galapaganus, Pfr., n. sp., 58

—— haplochrous, P/r., n.sp., 125

—— histrio, Pfr., n. sp., 124

——- hyaloideus, Pfr., n.sp., 292

—— intermedius, Pfr., n. sp., 291

jucundus, Pfr., n. sp., 290

lanceolatus, Pfr., n. sp., 292

loricatus, Pfr., n. sp., 293

lusorius, Pfr., n. sp., 291

—— Marmatensis, Pfr., n.sp., 125

—— minimus, Brug., 33

monile, Brug., 9

—— otostomus, Pfr., n. sp., 291

—— ovulus, Brug., 10

—— pictus, Pfr., n. sp., 58

Pringi, Pfr., n. sp., 292

proletarius, Pfr., n. sp., 292

—— radiatus, Pfr., n. sp., 58

—— Saquinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 290

solidulus, Brug., 61

-—— speciosus, Pfr., n. sp., 290

simpliculus, Pfr., n. sp., 124

—— tornatilis, Brug., 59

tristis, Pfr., n. sp., 124

variegatus, Brug., 59

ventrosus, Fér., 198

vitellinus, Pfr., n. sp., 57

Bulla solidula, Linn., 61

Bullide, 107

Buteo Teesa, Gray, 5

Buthraupis chloronota, Sclater, n. sp., 97

eximia, 98

Cabestana Africana, 4. ddams, n. sp., 312

Bolteniana, 4. ddams, n. sp. 311

Cacicus persicus, Linn., 114

Cecella Chinensis, Desh., n. sp., 334

Ceecella convexa, Desh., n. sp., 334

—— Cumingiana, Desh., n. sp., 334

—— Horsfieldii, Gray, n. sp., 335

—— lata, Desh., n. sp., 334

—— oblonga, Desh., n. sp., 335

tenuis, Desh., n. sp., 336

transversalis, Desh., n. sp., 335

turgida, Desh., n. sp., 333

Zebuensis, Desh., n. sp., 334

—— Zelandica, Desh., n. sp., 335

Celigena typica, Bonap., 111

Callene, Blyth, 74, 273

Callene frontale, Blyth, 75

Callina, Lowe, 183

Callina rotula, Lowe, 183

Calliope Camtschatkensis, Gmel., 120

Calliste atricapilla, Lafr., 249

cyanicollis, d’Orb., 115

gyroloides, Lafr., 115

lamprotis, Sclater, 248

Parzudakii, Lafr., 115

—— Schranki, Spix, 115

—— thalassina, Strickl., 115

—— venusta, Selater, n. sp., 248

-— axanthocephala, Tsch., 115, 248

wxanthogastra, Sclater, 115

Callithea Layardii, 4. Addams, n. sp., 135

Callospiza xanthocephala, 248

Calobates sulphurea, 284

Calurus auriceps, Gould, 110

Calyptomena caudacuta, Swains., 267

Raffiesii, Swains., 267

viridis, Raffles, 267

Camitia Grayi, 4. ddams, n. sp., 42

Campylea, Beck, 169

Campyleea hispana, Linn., 169

— Lowei, Fér., 169

porto-sanctiana, Sow., 169

Cancilla Mérchii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 134

Capito Peruvianus, Cuv., 115

Caprimulgus cinerascens, Vieill., 266

imberbis, Temm., 266

— Indicus, Lath., 266

- innotatus, Hodgs., 266

macrourus, Horsf., 266

—— pulcher, Hay, 266

saturatior, Hodgs., 266

Capsa Chinensis, Desh., n. sp., 348

crassula, Desh., n. sp., 349

—— difficilis, Desh., n. sp., 347

— Layardi, Desh., n. sp., 348

lunulata, Desh., n. sp., 349

— minor, Desh., n. sp., 347

radiata, Desh., n. sp., 348

—— rosacea, Desh., n. sp., 348

rufa, Desh., n.sp., 347

—— solenella, Desh., n.sp., 349

tenuis, Desh., n.sp., 349

virescens, Desh., n. sp., 349

Cardiam equale, Desh., n. sp. 332

—— bicolor, Desh., n. sp., 330

INDEX. 377

Cardium cygnorum, Desh., n. sp., 331

— debile, Desh., n.sp., 332

— Fabricii, Desh., n. sp., 333

festivum, Desh., n. sp., 332

Gossei, Desh., n. sp., 330

gratiosum, Desh, n. sp., 331

Hudsoniense, Desh., n. sp., 331

lobulatum, Desh., n. sp., 332

— mauritianum, Desh., n. sp., 331

— mirabile, Desh., n. sp., 332

—— productum, Desh., n. sp., 333

—— scruposum, Desh., n. sp., 333 *

serrulatum, Desh., n. sp., 330

— transversale, Desh., n.sp., 333

tumidum, Desh., nu. sp., 331

Carocolla lapicida, Lamk., 197

Carracolina, Beck, 196

Carracolina darbula, Charp., 196

lenticula, Fér., 196

Carychium, Miiller, 33

Carychium exiguum, Say, 33

Indicum, Benson, 34

— minimum, Mill., 33

nanum, Kiist., 33

personatum, Mich., 32

—— pygmeum, Mich., 33

— spectabile, Rossm., 34

speleum, Rossm., 34

Caseolus, Lowe, 184

Caseolus abjectus, Lowe, 185

—— calculus, Lowe, 184

— commixtus, Lowe, 184

— compactus, Lowe, 184

— consors, Lowe, 184

—— spherulus, Lowe, 185

Cassidula, Fér., 21

Cassidula angulifera, Petit, 31

avena, Petit, 32

— Chemnitzii, Beck, 31

coffea, Chemn., 31

—— Cumingiana, Recluz, 31

— decussata, H. et A. Adams, nu. sp., 32

— doliolum, Petit, 31

Saba, Menke, 32

Srumentum, Petit, 32

Kraussii, Kiist., 31

— mustelina, Desh., 31

nucleus, Gmel., 31

rugata, Menke, 31

Sowerbyana, Pfr., 32

—— sulculosa, Mousson, 31

— triticea, Phil., 32

zonata, H. et A. Adams, n. sp., 32

— (Siona) avena, Petit, 32

— (S.) frumentum, Petit, 32

(S.) triticea, Phil., 32

Cataulus duplicatus, Pfr., n. sp., 303

Ceblepyris striga, Horsf., 272

Centropus philippensis, 257

Cerithidea, Swains, 83

Cerithidea albivaricosa, 4. 4dams, n. sp.,

—— balteata, 4. Adams, nu. sp., 84

—— bicarinata, Gray, 84

Caillaudi, Pot., 83

— Charbonnieri, Petit, 83

conica, Blainy., 84

cornea, 4. ddams, n. sp., 85

crassilabrum, 4. ddams, n. sp., 84

decollata, Linn., 83

— Diemenensis, Quoy et Gaim., 84

—— Fortunei, 4. Adams, n. sp., 85

— Hegewischii, Phil., 83

Lafondi, Mich., 83

Largillierti, Phil., 84

Layardii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 86

—— Montagne, d’Orb., 83

-— obtusa, Lamk., 83

—— pauxilla, 4. ddams, n. sp., 86

pulchra, C. B. Adams, 83

raricostata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 85

rhizophorarum, 4. ddams, n. sp., 85

—— similis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 84

sinensis, Phil., 83

varicosa, Sow., 83

Cerithium bicarinatum, Gray, 84

Caillaudi, Potiez, 83

— Charbonnieri, Petit, 83

conicum, Blainy., 84

decollatum, Brug., 83

—— Diemenense, Quoy et Gaim., 84

Hegewischii, Phil., 83

Lafondi, Mich., 83

Largillierti, Phil., 84

lutulentum, Kien., 84

Montagnei, d’Orb., 83

— obtusum, Lamk., 83

—— pulchrum, C. B. Adams, 83

Reevianum, C. B. Adams, 83

Sardoum, Cantr., 84

sinense, Phil., 83

unicarinatum, Metc., 83

validum, C. B. Adams, 83

varicosum, Sow., 83

Ceyx Luzoniensis, Steph., 269

microsoma, Burton, 269

—— rufidorsa, Strickl., 270

— tridactyla, Linn., 269

Chemarrhornis, Hodgs., 25

leucocephalus, Vig., 30

Cheena agglutinans, Desh., n. sp., 330

grandis, Desh., n. sp., 330

Chaimarrornis, Hodgs., 25

Chama, 130

Chameza, 285

Chaptia malayensis, Hay, 271

Cheilotrema, Leach, 197

Cheilotrema Japicida, Linn., 197

Cheimatobia, 219

Chelidon, 104

378

Chionea, 219

Chiromacheris gutturosa, Desm., 114

Chioropsis gampsorhynchus, 280

—— zosterops, Vigors, 280

Chlorospingus atropileus, 157

—— melanotis, Sclater, n. sp., 157

Chlorostoma corrugatum, A. Adams, 40

—— funebrale, 4. ddams, n. sp., 316

—— mestum, Jonas, 317

nigerrimum, Gmel., 40

Chondropoma angustatum, Pfr., n. sp.,

128

—— puncticulatum, P/r., n. sp., 128

Chrysomma, Hodgs., 104

Chrysuronia enone, Lesson, 111

Cinclidium, Blyth, 74

Cinclidium frontale, Blyth, 75

Cinnyris orientalis, Frankl., 257

Cionella, Jefir., 199.

Circus cyaneus, 5

Montagui, 5

pallidus, Sykes, 5

Clanculus depictus, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 316

nodulosus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 39

Clausilla, Drap., 215

Clausilla Borneensis, Pfr., n. sp., 296

crispa, Lowe, 215

— deltostoma, Lowe, 215

—— eburnea, Pfr., n. sp., 296

exigua, Lowe, 216

—— nivea, Pf/r., n. sp., 296

Clementia Cumingii, Desh., n. sp., 346

Clypidella Baikiei, 4. 4dams, nu. sp., 136

Cochlicellus, Beck, 198

Colina costata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 86

pinguis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 86

Cominella maura, 4. Adams, n. sp., 313

—- Quoyana, 4. Addams, n. sp., 313

Cominia maculata, 102

Conirostrum flaviventre, Reich., 252

Conopophaga aurita, Linn., 113

Conovula, Fér., 9

Conovulum, Sowerby, 9

Conovulus, Lamk., 9

Conovulus ater, Miihl., 10

coffeus, Beck, 9

coniformis, Lamk., 9

— Cumingianus, Recl., 31

— elongatus, Petit, 11

Jasciatus, Anton, 11

fuscus, Phil., 9

globulus, Fér., 11

luteus, Anton, 10

maurus, Mihl., 11

nitens, Cuv., 10

pellucidus, Cooper, 11

Sciari, Lesson, 10

triplicatus, Anton, 35

Conus connectens, 4. Addams, un. sp., 136

— lithoglyphus, 136

INDEX.

Copsychus amcenus, Horsf., 282

mindanensis, Gmel., 282

Copurus filicauda, Spix, 113

Coracias orientalis, Linn., 267

sumatranus, Raffles, 267

Coralliophila radula, 4. Adams, n.sp., 137

Corbicula ambigua, Desh., n. sp., 345

Bengalensis, Desh., n. sp., 344

— Bensoni, Desh., n. sp., 345

— Cashmiriensis, Desh., n. sp., 344

convexa, Desh., n. sp., 342

~ grandis, Desh., n. sp., 344

incrassata, Desh., n. sp., 342

— Malaccensis, Desh., n. sp., 343

obscura, Desh., n. sp., 342

— obsoleta, Desh., n. sp., 343

ovalina, Desh., n. sp., 343

— semisulcata, Desh., n. sp., 343

— squalida, Desh., n. sp., 342

— striatella, Desh., n. sp., 344

sulcatina, Desh., n. sp., 345

— triangularis, Desh., n. sp., 345

— trigona, Desh., n. sp., 344

tumida, Desh., n. sp., 343

Corethrura Cayennensis, Gmel., 115

Coronaria, Lowe, 193

Coronaria coronata, Desh., 194

coronula, Lowe, 194

tiarella, Webb, 194

Corvus balicassius, Linn., 271

culminatus, Sykes, 144

—— Peruvianus, Gmel., 114

—— splendens, Vieill., 143

yncas, Bodd., 114

Corydon Sumatranus, Raffles, 267

Temminckii, Lesson, 267

Cossus, 219

Cotyle, 104

Craspedaria, Lowe, 192

Craspedaria Delphinula, Lowe, 193

Craspedopoma, Pfr., 216

Craspedopoma lucidum, Lowe, 216

Lyonnetianum, Lowe, 217

Craticula, Lowe, 211

Craticula calathisca, Lowe, 212

ferraria, Lowe, 211

fusca, Lowe, 211

— millegrana, Lowe, 211

monticola, Lowe, 212

Crenea, Alb., 197

Crenella, 108

Crenella undulata, 108

Crenellide, 108

Criniger Cantori, Moore, n. sp., 279

gularis, Horsf., 279

Cryptaxis, Lowe, 168

Cryptaxis leonina, Lowe, 168

undata, Lowe, 168

vulcania, Lowe, 168

Cryptolopha cinereocapilla, Vieill., 271

INDEX.

Cyrenella lenticularis, Desh., n. sp., 341.

poiocephala, Sw., 271

Crystallus, Lowe, 178

Crystallus crystallina, Miller, 178

Culicipeta poliogenys, Blyth, 106

Cyanocorax yncas, Bodd., 114

ens alabastrinus, Pfr., n. sp.,

— cereus, Pfr., n. sp., 301

—- deplanatus, Pfr., n. sp., 301

— exaltatus, Pfr., n. sp., 300

— excellens, Pfr., n. sp., 126

— floridus, Pfr., n. sp., 300

—— polynema, P/r., n. sp., 126

— spironema, Pfr., n. sp., 127

—— sumatranus, Pfr., n. sp., 301

— teniatus, Pfr., n. sp., 301

— Thwaitesi, Pfr., n. sp., 127

Cyclostoma alabastrinum, Pfr.,n.sp., 126

angustatum, Pfr., n.sp., 128

— birostre, Pfr., n. sp., 300

— castum, Pfr., n. sp., 150

— Cattaroénsis, Pfr., n. sp., 305

cereum, Pfr., n. sp., 301

— Chinense, Pfr., n. sp., 299

— chloriticum, Pfr., n. sp., 15]

— Comorense, Pfr., n. sp., 151

— conula, Pfr., n. sp., 127

— deplanatum, Pfr., n. sp., 301

— exaltatum, Pfr., n. sp., 300

— excellens, Pfr., n. sp., 126

flammeum, Pfr., n. sp., 127

—— floridum, Pfr., n. sp., 300

— gradatum, Pfr., n. sp., 303

— Kieneri, Pfr., n. sp., 302

longicolle, Pfr., n. sp., 128

— minutissimum, Sow., 305

—— montanum, P/r., n. sp., 300

— parvispirum, Pfr., n. sp., 128

— pecilum, Pfr., n. sp., 302

— polynema, P/r., n. sp., 126

—— pterocycloides; Pfr., n. sp., 300

puncticulatum, Pfr., n. sp., 128

— Sechellarum, Pfr., n. sp., 302

— semiclausum, Pfr., n. sp., 302

— spironema, Pfr., n. sp., 127

Sumatrense, Pfr., n. sp., 301

teniatum, Pfr., n. sp., 301

— Thwaitesi, Pfr., n. sp., 127

— ventricosum, H. et J., 304

virgo, Pfr., n. sp., 150

Cyclostomus gradatus, Pfr., n. sp., 303

— Kieneri, Pfr., n. sp., 302

— parvispirus, P/r., n. sp., 128

Cyclotus birostratus, Pfr., n. sp., 300

— Chinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 299

—— montanus, Pfr., n. sp., 300

—— pterocycloides, Pfr., n. sp., 300

Cylichnidia, Lowe, 206

Cylichnidia cylichna, Lowe, 206

— ovuliformis, Lowe, 206

379

Cymbilanius lineatus, Leach, 112

wid ge macrorhynchus, Gmel.,

Cypris triangularis, Baird, n. sp., 6

Cypselus affinis, Gray, 265

australis, Blyth, 264

— giganteus, Temm., 266

— subfurcatus, Blyth, 264

vittatus, Jard. et Selby, 264

Cyrena equilatera, Desh., n. sp., 20

affinis, Desh., n. sp., 16

—— angulata, Desh., n. sp., 22

anomala, Desh., n. sp., 21

arctata, Desh., n. sp., 20

—— compta, Desh., n. sp., 18

conjuncta, Desh., n. sp., 15

Cumingii, Desh., n. sp., 22

— decipiens, Desh., n. sp., 17

— divaricata, Desh., n. sp., 17

dura, Desh., n. sp., 20

— Essingtonensis, Desh., n. sp., 19

—— fallax, Desh., n. sp., 15

—— impressa, Desh., n. sp., 18

incerta, Desh., n. sp., 19

inflata, Desh., n. sp., 23

inquinata, Desh., n.sp., 15

—— insignis, Desh., n. sp., 20

— Isocardioides, Desh., n. sp., 22

— Jukesi, Desh., n.sp., 19

— lauta, Desh., n. sp., 15

—— mactroides, Desh., n. sp., 17

—— maritima, C. B. Adams, n. sp., 345

— Moretonensis, Desh., n. sp., 341

—— nitida, Desh., n.sp., 23

— nitidula, Desh., n.sp., 21

—— notabilis, Desh., n.sp., 21

oblonga, Sow., n. sp., 341

— oviformis, Desh., nu. sp., 16

—— pallida, Desh., n. sp., 17

— Philippinarum, Sow., n. sp., 340

—— pisiformis, Desh., n.sp., 341

—— placida, Desh., n. sp., 19

senegalensis, Desh., n. sp., 341

—— similis, Desh., n. sp., 16

sinuosa, Desh., n. sp., 18

—— sphericula, Desh., n. sp., 340

—-~- sublobata, Desh., n.sp., 18

— subquadrata, Desh., n.sp., 21

ventricosa, Desh., n. sp., 16

Dacelo buccoides, Temm., 268

— pulchella, Horsf., 268

Dacnis angelica, De Fil., 110, 251

atricapilla, Vieill., 110, 252

cerebicolor, Sel., 252

cayana, Linn., 110, 252

cyanomelas, Reich., 252

—— egregia, Sclater, n. sp., 251

—— flaviventris, d’Orb., 252

-—— Hartlaubi, Sc/ater, n. sp., 251

—— plumbea, Lath., 252

—— pulcherrima, Sclater, 252

380

Dacnis speciosa, Pr. Max., 252

Dactylus, Schum., 60

Delichon, (Hodgs.) Moore, n. g., 104

Delichon nipalensis, (Hodgs.) Moore,

n. sp., 104

Delphinula atrata, Chemn., 42

Martinii, 4. ddams, un. sp., 42

— tyrria, 42

Dendrornis guttata, Licht., 111

Dentiger ponticerianus, Hodgs., 262

Desmoulea ringens, 4. ddams, n. sp., 42

Detracia, Gray, 31

Dicrurus affinis, Blyth, 272

balicassius, Linn., 271

macrocercus, 47

malabaricus, Scop., 272

DINORNIS GRACILIS, 244

DINORNIS STRUTHIOIDES, 244

Diplommatina capillacea, Pfr., n.sp., 303

Macgillivrayi, Pfr., n. sp., 303

Discula, Lowe, 187

Discula attrita, Lowe, 188

discina, Lowe, 190

— lincta, Lowe, 189

— papilio, Lowe, 190

—— polymorpha, Lowe, 187

pulvinata, Lowe, 188

senilis, Lowe, 189

— tabellata, Lowe, 189

—— testudinalis, Zowe, 191

Discus, Fitz., 178

Donax acuminata, Desh., n. sp., 352

acutangula, Desh., n. sp., 350

znea, Morch, un. sp., 350

affinis, Desh., n. sp., 351

—— bella, Desh., n. sp., 351

— clathrata, Desh., n. sp., 353

Conradi, Desh., n.sp., 351

— Dysoni, Desh., n. sp., 353

granifera, Desh., n. sp., 353

interrupta, Desh., n. sp., 353

Keyii, 4. Addams, nu. sp., 87

—— levigata, Desh., n. sp., 352

nitida, Desh., n. sp., 350

— obesula, Desh., n. sp., 352

ovalina, Desh., n. sp., 352

— Peruviana, Desh., n. sp., 350

—— petalina, Desh., n. sp., 350

striatella, Desh., n. sp., 352

— truncata, Lamk., 351

Drymocataphus, Blyth, 273

Drymocataphus nigrocapitatus, Zyton,273

Drymoica, Swains., 77

Drymoica nipalensis, (Hodgs.) Moore,

n. sp., 77

Drymonax niger, Lesson, 271

Drymophila velata, Temm., 270

Edela, Lesson, 78

Edela ruficeps, Lesson, 79

Edolius malabaricus, Horsf., 272

—— Rangoonensis, Gould, 272

INDEX.

Edolius retifer, Teram., 272

Elania cayennensis, Linn., 113

Elanus melanopterus, 3, 5, 259

minor, Bonaparte, 259

Elisma, Leach, 198

Elisma acutum, Miller, 198

ventrosum, Fér., 198

Ellobium, Bolten, 7, 30

Ellobium auris-Jude, Linn., 7

—- auris-Mide, Linn., 7

— Ceylanicum, H. et 4. Adams, n.sp., 8

elongatum, Parr., 8

granulinum, Mihl., 7

— helvaceum, Phil., 8

incrassatum, H, et 4. Adams,n. sp.,8

— oparicum, H. et A. ddams, un. sp., 9

oryx, H. et A. Adams, n. sp., 8

pallidum, Sowerby, 7

politum, Mete., 7

—— pusillum, H. et 4. Adams, n. sp., 8

semisculptum, H. e¢ 4. ddams,

n. sp., 9

— Sheepmakeri, Petit, 7

simplicatum, H. et 4. Adams,

n. sp., 8

simplex, H. et 4. ddams, n. sp., 8

—— subnodosum, Metc., 7

— subula, Quoy et Gaim., 8

tornatelliforme, Petit, 7

Emberiza melanocephala, 160

Emberizoides, 96

Embernagra, 96

Enicurus frontalis, Blyth, 284

Leschenaulti, Vieill., 284

Enneoctonus cristatus, Linn., 272

superciliosus, Lath., 272

tigrinus, Drapiez, 272

Eolidide, 107

Ephialtes Lempiji, Horsf., 262

Erythrosterna erythaca, Blyth, 283

leucura, 284

Etheria, 129, 130

Eubucco Bourcieri, Lafr., 115

Hartlaubi, Lafr., 115

Euchelus asper, 316

denigratus, Chemn., 316

indicus, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 316

—— proximus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 316

Euchlornis Sclateri, Corn., 113

Eudynamys maculatus, 257°

Euparypha, Hartm., 171

Euparypha pisana, Miller, 171

ustulata, Lowe, 171

Bupetes macrocercus, Temm., 273

Euphonia chlorotica, 98

concinna, Selater, n. sp., 98

Sortirostris, Lafr., 98

— hirundinacea, Bonap., 98

hirundinirostris, Bonap., 98

laniirostris, Sclater, 98

—— melanura, 98

INDEX. 381

Euphonia violacea, 98

Euplectes Bengalensis, 159

Euromphala, Beck, 176

Euromphala Gueriniana, Lowe, 176

pusilla, Zowe, 176

rotundata, Miller, 176

Eurostopodus Temmincki, Gray, 266

Eurylaimus corydon, Temm., 267

— cucullatus, Temm., 267

— Horsfieldii, Temm., 267

Javanicus, Horsf., 267

— lemaniscatus, Raffles, 267

Raffiesii, Lesson, 267

Eurystomus calornyx, Hodgs., 267

cyanicollis, Vieill., 267

—— fuscicapillus, Vieill., 267

orientalis, Linn., 267

Falco bacha, Daudin, 260

Bido, Horsfield, 260

— blagrus, Daudin, 261

caligatus, Raffles, 260

— caerulescens, Linn., 258

— chicquera, 6

cirrhatus, Gmel, 259

cristatellus, Temm., 260

— dimidiatus, Raffles, 261

— fringillarius, Drapiez, 258

ichthyaétus, Horsf., 260

— indus, Bodd., 26]

— Lathami, Tickell, 260

— leucogaster, Gmel., 260

— limnaétus, Horsf, 259

— Luggur, Gray, 6.

—— maritimus, Gmel., 261

— peregrinus, Linn., 5

— ponticerianus, Gmel., 261

— tinnunculus, Linn., 6

virgatus, Reinw., 260

Ferussacia, Risso, 200

Ferussacia folliculus, Gron., 200

gracilis, Lowe, 200

Ficedula, Boie, 25

Ficedula Bengalensis, Briss., 281

phenicura, Boie, 25

Formicivora cerulescens, 112

— caudata, Sclater, n. sp., 254

— ferruginea, Temm., 255

Fringillide, 96

Fruticicola, Held., 178

Fuligula ferinoides, Bartlett, 95

Fusillus, Zowe, 204

Fusillus oryza, Lowe, 204

triticea, Lowe, 205

— tuberculatus, Lowe, 204

Fusus, 100

Gaimarda, Gould, 108

Galbula chalcothorax, Selater, n.sp., 110

Ganga, Layard, n. g., 88

Ganga dilatata, Reeve, 88

neritoides, Reeve, 88

—— olivacea, Reeve, 88

Gastrochena apertissima, Desh., n. sp.,

326

eucullata, Desh., n. sp., 329

denticulata, Desh., n. sp., 327

— difficilis, Desh., n. sp., 328

humilis, Desh., n. sp., 327

—— impressa, Desh., n. sp., 327

—— indistincta, Desh., n. sp., 328

—— interrupta, Desh., n. sp., 329

intersecta, Desh., n. sp., 327

—— levigata, Desh., n. sp., 326

—— lamellosa, Desh., n. sp., 328

macroschisma, Desh., n. sp., 326

—— Philippinensis, Desh., n. sp., 328

—— plicatilis, Desh., n. sp., 329

—— pupina, Desh., n. sp., 326

Ruppellii, Desh., n. sp., 328

—— spathulata, Desh., n. sp., 329

tenera, Desh., n. sp., 327

Gastrodon, Lowe, 207

Gastrodon anconostoma, Lowe, 208

—— fanallensis, Lowe, 208

— umbilicata, Drap., 207

Geocichla albogularis, Blyth, 274

innotata, Blyth, 274

Geovula, Swains., 7

Gerride, 219

Gibbula Lehmanni, Menke, 41

porcellana, A. Adams, 40

—— pulcherrima, 4. Addams, n. sp., 39

—— pulchra, 4. Adams, 41

Gladius (Rostellaria) melanocheilus,

A. Adams, un. sp., 42

Glandina Albersi, Pfr., n. sp., 295

flexuosa, Pfr., n. sp., 150

Glaphyra, Alb., 176

Gonostoma, Held., 196

Gouldia Langsdorfi, Vieill., 111

Grallaria, 285

Gryllivora brevirostra, Sw., 282

longicauda, Sw., 283

— magnirostra, Sw., 282

rosea, Sw., 282

Gymnomystax Mexicanus, Linn., 114

Gyps Bengalensis, 258

Hematornis Cafer, 48

Halcyon atricapillus, Gmel., 268

brunniceps, Jerdon, 268

collaris, Sw., 269

—— Gurial, Pearson, 268

Javanica, Shaw, 268

—— leucocephalus, Gmel., 268

—— pileata, Bodd., 268

—— Smyrnensis, Linn., 268

—— varia, Eyton, 268

Haliaétus Indus, 261

leucogaster, 261

— lineatus, Gray, 259

plumbeus, Hodgs., 260

sphenurus, Gould, 261

Helicolimax Lamarckii, Fér., 164

382

Helicomela, Lowe, 172

Helicomela Bowdichiana, Fér., 172

punctulata, Sow., 172

Heliophoca, Gray, n. g., 44

Heliophoca atlantica, Gray, n. sp., 43

Helix, 161, 164

Helix abjecta, Lowe, 185

abnormis, P/r., n. sp., 56

actinophora, Lowe, 180

advena, Webb, 165

— enostoma, Lowe, 167

—— eruginosa, Pfr., n. sp., 56

afra, Gmel., 36

—— aglaia, Pfr., n. sp., 289

—— Albersii, Lowe, 192

—— Amazonica, Pfr., n. sp., 286

—— ammonoceras, P/r., n. sp., 54

Annatonensis, Pfr., n. sp., 288

—— appendiculata, Pfr., n. sp., 149

—— arcinella, Lowe, 181

arcta, Lowe, 180

—— armillata, Lowe, 170

armitageana, Lowe, 179

arridens, Lowe, 180

—— attrita, Lowe, 188

—— auris, Pfr., n. sp., 286

auris-Jude, Mill., 7

auris-Mide, Miill., 7

bella, Pfr., n. sp., 145

— bicarinata, Sow., 186

—— bicolor, Lowe, 170

—— bifrons, Lowe, 178

Bogotensis, Pfr., n. sp., 288

— bombycina, Pfr., n. sp., 54

Bowdichiana, Fér., 172

—— bullacea, Pfr., n. sp., 53

Bulveriana, Lowe, 192

— calathus, Lowe, 178

'— calcarea, Pfr., 171

calculus, Lowe, 184

calculus, Pfr., n. sp., 146

—— calva, Lowe, 183

— Canicalensis, Lowe, 173

— caperata, Mont., 169

—— capitanea, Pfr., n. sp., 49

— capsella, Lowe, 181

—— carneola, Pfr., n.sp., 148

—— carychium, Gmel., 33

—— cellaria, Miull., 177

cheiranthicoia, Lowe, 187

—— chrysomela, Pfr., 167

—— cimex, Pfr., n. sp., 288

—— Cobresiana, Alt., 181

—— commixta, Lowe, 184

—— compacta, Lowe, 184

compar, Lowe, 195

—— consors, Lowe, 184

—— consul, Pfr., n. sp., 289

coronata, Desh., 194

—— coronula, Lowe, 194

—— corrugata, Sol., 168

INDEX.

Helix costata, Miill., 176

—— costulifera, Pfr., n. sp., 287

—— crassidens, Pfr., n. sp., 148

—— crystallina, Mill., 177, 178

—— cumulus, P/r., n. sp., 145

—— curvidens, Pfr., n.sp., 147

—— dealbata, Lowe, 196

—— deflorata, Lowe, 179

—— Delphinula, Lowe, 193

—— depauperata, Lowe, 174

—— discina, Lowe, 190

—— duplicata, Lowe, 186

—— echinulata, Lowe, 186

—— ellipsostoma, Pfr., n. sp., 288

erubescens, Lowe, 165

euspira, Pfr., n. sp., 54

exalbida, Wood, 166

—— excisa, Pfr., n. sp., 54

—— fausta, Lowe, 182

—— fictilis, Zowe, 196

—— fluctuosa, Lowe, 167

—— funiculata, Pfr., n. sp., 147

Surva, Lowe, 165

generalis, Pfr., n. sp., 123

—— giramica, Lowe, 173

—— glaberrima, Pfr., n. sp., 52

—— goniomphala, Pfr., n. sp., 147

Groviana, Fér., 168

—— Guerineana, Lowe, 176

—— hispana, Linn., 169

Hondana, Pfr., n. sp., 53

horiomphala, Pfr., n. sp., 146

—— hyena, Lowe, 165

inequalis, Pfr., n.sp., 286

—— infans, P/r., n. sp., 290

Isabellina, Pfr., n. sp., 52

—— juliformis, Lowe, 194

—— Kawaiensis, Pfr., n. sp., 52

—— Keppelli, Pfr., n. sp., 50

—— laciniosa, Lowe, 174

—— leta, Pfr., n. sp., 287

—— lampra, Pfr., n. sp., 53

—— lapicida, Linn., 197

latens, Lowe, 174

—— lenticula, Fér., 196

—— lentiginosa, Lowe, 180

—— Leonina, Lowe, 168

—— leptosticta, Lowe, 195

—— lincta, Lowe, 189

Lowei, Fér., 169

Lowei, Pot. et Mich., 170

—— lucida, Mont., 177

luteo-cornea, Pfr., n. sp., 56

—— lurida, Lowe, 173, 174

—— Lyelliana, Lowe, 191

—— Maderensis, Wood, 195

—— malaccana, Pfr., n. sp., 147

—— mansueta, Pfr., n. sp., 57

—— Marmatensis, Pfr., n. sp., 57

—— Martini, Pfr., n. sp., 149

—— mediocris, Pfr., n. sp., 51

Helix membranacea, Lowe, 165

—-— membranicosta, Pfr., n. sp., 55

—— Michaudi, Desh., 170

— micromphala, Lowe, 195

Moretonensis, P/r., n. sp., 52

—— muralis, Miill., 167

—— mustelina, Lowe, 186

—— nevia, Gmel., 61

—— Navigatorum, Pfr., n. sp., 55

—— nematophora, Pfr., n.sp., 49

—— Newcombi, Pfr., n. sp., 51

—— Niciensis, Fér., 166

—— nitida, Drap., 177

—— nitidiuscula, Lowe, 173

—— nitidiuscula, Sow., 174

—— nivosa, Sow., 166

—— novella, Pfr., n. sp., 50

nucleus, Gmel., 31

—— obserata, Lowe, 182

—— obtecta, Lowe, 175

— ophelia, Pfr., n.sp., 146

oxytropis, Lowe, 186

—— Paciniana, Phil., 167

—— pagodula, Pfr., n. sp., 145

papilio, Lowe, 190

—— paupercula, Lowe, 175

Pinicola, Pfr., n. sp., 287

—— Pirrieana, Pfr., n. sp., 55

—— phlebophora, Lowe, 166

pisana, Mill., 171

—— Platti, Pfr., n. sp., 51

— — polymorpha, Lowe, 187

Porto-sanctana, Sow., 169

—— psammophora, Lowe, 166

—— pulchella, Mull., 176, 177

—— pulvinata, Lowe, 188

—— punctulata, Sow., 172

pusilla, Lowe, 176

—— Quitensis, Pfr., n. sp., 49

—— radiaria, Pfr., n. sp., 55

radiatula, Ald., 177 =

—— regularis, Pfr., n. sp., 50

rhodostoma, Drap., 171

—— rotula, Lowe, 183

rotundata, Mill., 176

—— saccata, Pfr., n.sp., 49

sannio, Pfr., n. sp., 57

Santanaénsis, Pfr., n. sp., 52

scabra, Wood, 168

— scepasma, Pfr., n. sp., 57

— scintilla, Lowe, 177

— scytodes, Pfr., n. sp., 56

—— semiconvexa, Pfr., n. sp., 55

- senilis, Lowe, 189

singularis, Pfr., n. sp., 289

— solidula, Pfr., n. sp., 148

—— Sophie, Gaskoin, n. sp., 152

—— spherula, Lowe, 185

—— spirorbis, Lowe, 195

—— squalida, Lowe, 174

—— stellaris, Lowe, 180

INDEX. 383

Helix Stimpsoni, Pfr., n. sp., 149

striata, Drap., 170

strongylodes, Pfr., n. sp., 53

subangula, Pfr., n. sp., 53

subconoidea, Pfr., n. sp., 51

subplicata, Sow., 171

subrudis, Pfr., n.sp., 287

—— subtilis, Lowe, 196

subvitrea, Pfr., n. sp., 148

— Swiftii, Pfr., n. sp., 51

tabellata, Lowe, 189

tectiformis, Sow., 192

——- testudinalis, Lowe, 191

—— Thomasi, Pfr., n. sp., 54

—— tiarella, Webb, 194

— tomentosa, Pfr., n. sp., 289

turricula, Lowe, 186

undata, Lowe, 168

urnula, Pfr., n. sp., 49

ustulata, Lowe, 171

vallicola, Pfr., n. sp., 289

Vargasiana, Pfr., 172

vermetiformis, Lowe, 186

verrucula, Pfr., n. sp., 50

vieta, Rossm., 167

—— villaris, Pfr., n. sp., 146

— Vulcania, Lowe, 168

vulgata, Lowe, 173

Webbiana, Lowe, 197

— Wollastoni, Lowe, 198

Yorkensis, Pfr., n. sp., 145

zosterophora, Pfr., n. sp., 146

Hemichelidon latirostris, Raffles, 270

Heterocardia Cumingii, Desh., n.sp., 339

Fabagella, Desh., n. sp., 340

gibbosula, Desh., n. sp., 340

Hierax cerulescens, 258

malayensis, Strickl., 258

Hirundo albicollis, Vieill., 110

— collaris, Wied, 110

domicola, Jerdon, 264

— gutturalis, Scop., 264

javanica, Sparm., 264

— Jewan, Sykes, 264

Panayana, Gmel., 264

rustica, Meyen, 264

—— rusticoides, Kuhl, 264

Hispidella, Lowe, 178

Hispidella Armitageana, Lowe, 179

— deflorata, Lowe, 179

Hodgsonius, Bonap., 273

Horeites major, (Hodgs.) Moore, n. sp.,

105

Huhua nipalensis, Hodgs., 263

pectoralis, Jerdon, 263

Hyalina, Féx., 177, 178

Hydrocena, Pfr., 305

Hydrocena albescens, Pfr., n. sp., 306

aurantiaca, Desh., 307

—— brevicula, Pfr., n. sp., 306

—— Bridgesi, Pfr., n. sp., 305

MTEL

384

Hydrocena Cattaroénsis, Pfr., 305

cornea, Pfr., n. sp., 306

— dubia, Pfr., 308

——- erosa, Quoy, 307

expansilabris, Pfr., 309

exquisita, Pfr., u. sp., 307

exserta, Pfr., n. sp., 306

—— glabrata, Pfr., n. sp., 308

globosa, Benson, 308

granum, Pfr., n. sp., 308

—- gutta, Shuttl., 305

—— hieroglyphica, Fér., 307

—— Huaheinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 308

—— malleata, Pfr., n. sp., 308

minutissima, Sow., 305

multilirata, Pfr., 308

— oblonga, Pfr., n. sp., 305

— obtusa, Pfr., n. sp., 306

—-— plicosa, Pfr., 308

—— pupoides, Ant., 307

— pyramis, P/r., n. sp., 306

radiata, P/r., n. sp., 308

rosea, Gould, 307

rubens, Quoy, 307

scitula, Gould, 307

Sirkii, Parr., 305

solidula, Pfr., n. sp., 305

— terebralis, Gould, 307

vallata, Gould, 307

Hygrobium, Lowe, 216

Hygrobium lucidum, Lowe, 216

Hypocnemis cantator, Bodd., 254

— melanolema, Selater, n. sp., 254

—— melanosticta, Sclater, n. sp., 254

— pecilonota, Cabanis, 254

Hypselia, Lowe, 202

Hypselia producta, Lowe, 202

Hypsipetes malaccensis, Blyth, 280

Hystricella, Lowe, 186

Hystricella bicarinata, Sow., 186

cheiranthicola, Lowe, 187

— echinulata, Lowe, 186

— mustelina, Lowe, 186

— oxytropus, Lowe, 186

turricula, Lowe, 186

vermetiformis, Lowe, 186

Jaminea, Brown, 32

Tanthia, Blyth, 76

Janulus, Lowe, 178

Janulus bifrons, Lowe, 178

calathus, Lowe, 178

Tberus, Montf., 197

Iberus Gualteriana, Lowe, 197

Wollastoni, Lowe, 198

Ichthyaétus bicolor, Gray, 260

cultrunguis, Blyth, 261

— Horsfieldii, Hodgs., 260

—— hucarius, Hodgs., 260

nanus, Blyth, 261

Incurvaria, 241

Inferobr anchiata, 197

INDEX.

| Iolema Schreibersi, Boure., 111

Lora typhia, Linn., 48, 281

scapularis, Horsf., 281

viridissimus, Temm., 281

Iphigenia psammobialis, Desh., n. sp., 346

Irena malayana, Moore, 282

puella, Lath., 282

Irus, Lowe, 174

Irus depauperata, Lowe, 174

laciniosa, Lowe, 174

squalida, Lowe, 174

Ispida bicineta, Sw., 269

bitorquata, Sw., 269

Ixidia cyaniventris, Blyth, 278

Ixos atriceps, Temm., 279

erythrotis, Bonap., 278

metallicus, Temm., 279

— monticolus, McCl., 278

—— pyrrhotis, Hodgs., 278

— vidua, Temm., 279

Izulus, Hodgson, 141

Ixulus castaniceps, Moore, n. sp., 141

occipitalis, Blyth, 141

| Kanilla, Silvertop, 59

Katostoma, Lowe, 166

Katostoma phlebophora, Lowe, 166

psammophora, Lowe, 166

Ketupa Javanica, Less., 263

Kittacincla macroura, Gould, 283

Laimodonta, 31

Laimodonta, Nuttall, 34

Laimodonta concinna, C. B. Adams, 34

Layardi, H. et A. Adams, n. sp., 34

—— Sandwichensis, Lyd. et Soul., 34

sulcata, H. et 4. Adams, n.sp., 34

teniata, Nuttall, 34

Lalage orientalis, Gmel., 272

Lampadia, Alb., 197

Lampadia Webbiana, Lowe, 197

Lampronia, 241

Laniisoma arcuatum, Sw., 114

Lanius cristatus, Linn., 272

excubitor, 46

Serox, Drapiez, 272

Serrugiceps, Hodgs., 272

gularis, Raffles, 272

Hardwickii, Vigors, 46

—— jocosus, Linn., 278

Lucionensis, Linn., 272

| —— magnirostris, Less., 272

melanocephalus, Gmel., 278

melanotis, Val., 272

—— musicus, Raffles, 282

— phenicurus, Pallas, 272

rutilus, Lath., 272

strigatus, Eyton, 272

superciliaris, Lath., 272

—— tigrinus, Drapiez, 272

virgatus, Temm., 272

Larina, 4. ddams, n. g., 41

Larina Strangei, 4. Addams, n. sp., 41

INDEX.

Latiaxis rhodostoma, 4. ddams,n.sp., 138

Latirus armatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 314

—— contemptus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 315

—— decoratus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 316

— despectus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 315

— distinctus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 314

—— elegans, 4. ddams, n. sp., 315

flavidus, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 314

—— Marguesanus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 315

neglectus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 314

—— Newcombii, 4. Addams, n. sp., 314

—— Strangei, 4. ddams, n.sp., 316

Leiostyla, Lowe, 208

Leiostyla anglica, Fér., 208

cheilogona, Lowe, 208

— irrigula, Lowe, 208

— levigata, Lowe, 210

— Laurinea, Lowe, 209

— macilenta, Lowe, 210

recta, Lowe, 210

— sphinctostoma, Lowe, 209

vincta, Lowe, 208

Leiothrix cinerea, Blyth, 142

Lemniscia, Lowe, 170

Lemniscia Michaudi, Desh., 170

Leptaxis, Lowe, 164

Leptaxis erubescens, Lowe, 165

Surva, Lowe, 165

— membranacea, Lowe, 165

Leptopoma conula, P/r., n. sp., 127

— flammeum, P/r., n. sp., 127

—— minutissimum, Pfr., 305

— pecilum, Pfr., n. sp., 302

Sechellarum, P/r., n. sp., 302

Leuconia, 31

Leuconia, Gray, 36

Leuconia alba, Mont., 36

auricella, Fér., 37

— Bivona, Phil., 36

— Micheli, Mittré, 36

-—— microstoma, Kister, 36

Sayi, Kiister, 36

Liarea, Gray, 304

Liarea Egea, Gray, 304

Limapontia, 107

Limax agrestis, Linn., 162

antiquorum, Lowe, 162

ater, Miull., 162

cinereus, Miill., 162

JSlavus, Linn., 162

gagates, Drap., 162

maculata, 162

—— maximus, Linn., 162

— pardalis, 162

punctata, 162

variegatus, Drap., 162

virescens, 162

Limnaétus Horsfieldii, Vig., 259

Limneus, Drap., 218

Limneus minutus, Rossm., 218

— truncatulus, Mill., 218

Littorina nigerrima, Menke, 41

Lobiger Cumingii, 94

— pellucidus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 94

—— Philippii, 94

Loedorusa goiavier, Reich., 278

Lophocercus Krohnii, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

Sieboldii, 94

Lucilla, Lowe, 177

Lueilla cellaria, Mill., 177

— scintilla, Lowe, 177

Lusciola aurorea, Schlegel, 28

Lutraria arcuata, Desh., n. sp., 70

australis, Desh., n.sp., 70

—— curta, Desh., n.sp., 71

— dissimilis, Desh., n. sp., 72

— impar, Desh., n. sp., 70

intermedia, Desh., n. sp., 71

— Philippinarum, Desh., n. sp., 71

— Sieboldii, Desh., n. sp., 71

Lymneus minutus, Drap., 218

Lyncornis Temminckii, Gould, 266

Macronus ptilosus, Jara. et Selby, 275

Mactra alta, Desh., n. sp., 347

angulifera, Desh., n. sp., 70

angusta, Desh., n. sp., 67

—— aphrodina, Desh., n. sp., 62

—— attenuata, Desh., n. sp., 62

— bilineata, Desh., n. sp., 67

bullata, Desh., n. sp., 67

— Californica, Desh., n. sp., 68

— capillacea, Desh., n. sp., 69

— carinulata, Desh., n. sp., 67

— contraria, Desh., n. sp., 62

corbiculoides, Desh., n. sp., 62

corbuloides, Desh., n. sp., 63

— decora, Desh., n. sp., 63

dissimilis, Desh., n. sp., 63

— dolabrata, Desh., n. sp., 66

—— Egena, Desh., n. sp., 68

— explanata, Desh., n. sp., 66

goniata, Desh., n. sp., 70

hepatica, Desh,, n. sp., 63

—— hiantina, Desh., n. sp., 68

— inexqualis, Desh., n. sp., 64

incongrua, Desh., n. sp., 64

intuspicta, Desh., n. sp., 64

Luzonica, Desh., n. sp., 64

Murchisoni, Desh., n. sp., 64

— opposita, Desh., n. sp., 65

—— pellucida, Desh., n. sp., 68

—— plicatilis, Desh., n. sp., 69

— radiolata, Desh., n. sp., 65

—— rostralis, Desh., n. sp., 69

scalpellum, Desh., n. sp., 65

sericea, Desh., n. sp., 65

—— silicula, Desh., n. sp., 69

sublanceolata, Desh., n. sp., 66

transversa, Desh., n. sp., 66

—- tristis, Desh., n. sp., 69

—— virgo, Desh., n. sp., 66

No. CCLXXXIII*.—Proceepines oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SoOcIETy.

386

Macularia, 4/d., 166 :

Macularia chrysomela, Pfr., 167

fluctuosa, Lowe, 167

Malacocichla, Gould, n. g., 285

Malacocichla Dryas, Gould, n. sp., 285

Malacocinela, Blyth, 75

Malacocincla Abbotti, Blyth, 76

Malacopteron Abbotti, Gray, 76

aureum, Eyton, 278

cinereum, Eyton, 276

coronatum, Miiller, 275

macrodactylum, Strickl., 275

magnum, Eyton, 275

—— squamatum, Eyton, 276

Malacoptila fusca, 110

Malurus longicaudus, Pearson, 81

Margarita aspecta, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 40

biangulosa, 4. ddams, n. sp., 40

— dilecta, A. Adams, n. sp., 40

Marinula, King, 31, 35

Marinula equalis, Lowe, 35

— Callaoensis, Petit, 35

cymbeformis, Recl., 35

marinella, King, 35

patula, Lowe, 35

— pepita, King, 35

— punctata, Bivon, 35

— Recluziana, Petit, 35

xanthostoma, H. et 4. Adams, n. sp.,

Marsyas, Oken, 7

Mastula, Lowe, 213

Mastula lamellosa, Lowe, 214

Melampa, Schweigg., 9

Melampine, 30

Melampus, Monféf., 9, 31

Melampus Adamsianus, Pfr., n. sp., 121

equalis, Lowe, 35

—— angiostoma, Desh., n. sp., 11

— ater, Mihl., 10

—— bidentatus, Say, 10

borealis, Conrad, 10

cingulatus, Pfr., 11

— coffeus, Linn., 9

—— commodus, H. et 4. Adams, nu. sp.,

— coronulus, C. B. Adams, 10

costatus, Quoy et Gaim., 12

— costellaris, H. et 4. Adams, 12

cristatus, Pfr., n. sp., 122

duplicatus, Pfr., n. sp., 151

elongatus, Petit, 11

—— evaratus, H. et A. Adams, n.sp.,

exiguus, Lowe, 11

Jasciatus, Chemn., 11

Firminii, Lowe, 35

Jlavus, Gmel., 9

—— Floridianus, Shuttl., 11

JSuscus, Philippi, 9

—— globulus, Fér., 11

INDEX,

Melampus gracilis, Lowe, 35

— granifer, Mousson, 12

infrequens, C. B. Adams, 11

—— Kiisteri, Krauss, 11

— Liberianus, H. et 4. Adams, n. sp.,

lividus, Linn., 10

luteus, Quoy et Gaim., 10

maurus, Muhl., 11

—— mitralis, H. et 4. ddams, n.sp., 13

—— nitidulus, H. et 4. Adams, n. sp., 12

ohovatus, H. et 4. Adams, n.sp., 12

olivula, Moric., 11

pallescens, Sow., 10

Panamensis, C. B. Adams, 10

patulus, Lowe, 35

pellucidus, Cooper, 11

— Philippii, Kister, 10

pulchellus, Petit, 11

pusillus, Gmel., 10

— pyriformis, Petit, 10

spiralis, Pfr., n. sp., 122

Tobagensis, C. B. Adams, 9

— Umilaasianus, Krauss, 9

—— Zealandicus, H. et 4. Adams, n.sp.,

Melania, 87, 89

Meliphaga javensis, Horsf., 280

Merops amictus, Swains., 264

badius, Gmel., 263

— bicolor, Bodd., 263

castaneus, Lath., 263

cyanopygius, Less., 264

— Daudinii, Cuv., 263

—— javanicus, Horsf., 263

Latreillei, Vieill., 264

Leschenaultii, Vieill., 264

— philippinus, Linn., 263

— quinticolor, Vieill., 264

sumatranus, Raftles, 263

— typicus, Hodgs., 263

urica, Horsf., 264

Merulawis griseicollis, Lafr., 111

Mesodesma angulus, Desh., n. sp., 337

angusta, Desh., n. sp., 338

— crassula, Desh., n. sp., 336

—— elongata, Desh., u. sp., 337

—— heterodon, Desh., n. sp., 337

. —— intermedia, Desh., n. sp., 338

—— lanceolata, Desh., n. sp., 337

— Layardi, Desh., n. sp., 339

— macrodon, Desh., n. sp., 339

— mactroides, Desh., n. sp., 336

—— mitis, Desh., n. sp., 339

—— nitida, Desh., n. sp., 338

ovalis, Desh., n. sp., 336

precisa, Desh., n. sp., 338

retusa, Desh., n. sp., 338

—— sulcata, Desh., n. sp., 339

transversa, Desh., n. sp., 336

Microtarsus Cantori, Moore, n. sp., 279

INDEX.

Microtarsus melanoleucos, Eyton, 279

Milvus affinis, 4

Govinda, Sykes, 259

— Indicus, Hodgs., 259

melanotis, Temm., 259

— Pondicerianus, 4

—— rotundicollis, Hodgs., 262

subhimalayanus, Hodgs., 259

Minla cinerea, Blyth, 142

Mitra ferruginea, Lamk., 134

Morchii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 134

—— punctostriata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 134

— rubiginea, 4. Adams, n. sp., 134

Mitreola punctostriata, 4. Adams, n. sp.,

134

Modiola trapezina, 108

Modiole, 108

Modiolarca, Gray, 108

Modiolarca trapezina, Lamk., 108

Modiolarcade, Gray, 108

Modiolaria, 108

Momotus castaneiceps, Gould, n.sp., 154

mexicanus, 154

Monarcha cesia, Lesson, 270

velata, Gray, 270

Monilea lentiginosa, A. Adams, 41

Menkei, .4. Adams, n. sp., 38

— Philippii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 39

plumbea, A. Adams, 41

Monodonta crenulata, Menke, 41

Motacilla alpina, Gmel., 116

atrata, Gmel., 26

aurorea, Pallas, 28

—— bistrigata, Raffles, 284

boarula, Pennant, 284

ceraunia, Pallas, 27

erythaca, Linn., 25

erythrogastra, 27

— gibraltariensis, Gmel., 26

— longicauda, Gmel., 81, 284

—— modularis, Linn., 118

— montanella, Pallas, 118

— phenicura, Linn., 25

—— sepium, Rafiles, 79

— subviridis, Tickell, 281

— sulphurea, Bechst., 284

— sutoria, Gmel., 81, 284

—— typhia, Linnu., 281

viridis, Linn., 285

xanthoschistos, Hodgs., 284

Mulleria, Sow., 129

Murex decollatus, Linn., 83

Muscicapa azurea, Bodd., 271

cerulea, Gmel., 271

ceruleocephala, Sykes, 271

—— cinereocapilla, Vieill., 271

goiavier, Scop., 278

javanica, Sparm., 271

— latirostris, Raffles, 270

— nitida, Lath., 271

— occipitalis, Vigors, 271

387

Muscicapa Poonensis, Sykes, 270

pectoralis, Hay, 270

— Psidii, Gmel., 278

turdina, Pr. Max., 114

— tricolor, Harti., 283

— virescens, Pr. Max., 114

xanthopygia, Hay, 283

Muscipeta castanea, Temm., 270

—— princeps, Vigors, 271

Musophaga Rossix, Gould, n. sp., 24

— violacea, 23

Mutilla, 219

Myiagra azurea, Bodd., 271

pectoralis, Strickl., 270

Myiodioctes Canadensis, 111

Myiothera brachyura, Raflles, 274

— cerulea, Rafiles, 273

— epilepidota, Temm., 279

nudiceps, Cassin, 112

Myosota, Humph., 59

Myrmeciza leucaspis, Selater, n. sp., 253

—— margaritata, Selater, n. sp., 253

MyrMEcorHaGA JUBATA, 24, 154

Mytilide, 108

Napothera atricapilla, Miiller, 277

coronata, Miiller, 275

pyrrhomelanura, Miller, 275

Nascia guttata, Lafr., 111

Nemophora, 240

Nemura, Hodgson, 76

Nemura Hodgsoni, Moore, n. sp., 76

Neophron percnopterus, 2 :

Ninox jeridius, Hodgs., 262

nipalensis, Hodgs., 262

scutulatus, Raffles, 262

Nisaétus nipalensis, Hodgs., 260

pallidus, Hodgs., 260

Noctua Indica, Frankl., 45

—— perlineata, Hodgs., 262

Nuculina donaciformis, 6

triangularis, 6

Nyctiornis amicta, Swains., 264

Ochthephila, Beck, 175

Odostomia carychium, Flem., 33

Oiketicus, Guilding, 219

Uiketicus Boisduvalii, Vestw., n.sp., 232

consortus, Templeton, 235

Cramerii, Westw., n. sp., 236

— Doubledaii, Westw., n. sp., 235

— elongatus, Saunders, 223

Herrichii, Westw., n. sp., 232

— Hubneri, Westw., un. sp., 228

— Kirbii, Westw., n. sp., 227

— Lewinii, Westw., n. sp., 231

— M'Leaii, Westw., n.sp., 222

—— nigricans, Westw., n. sp., 220

Saundersii, Westw., n. sp., 223

—— Templetonii, Westw., n. sp., 234

tertius, Templeton, 234

Omphalius celatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 39

— sticticus, 4. Adams, un. sp,, 39

388

Omphalotropis, Pfr., 307

Omphalotropis aurantiaca, Pfr., 307

dubia, Pfr., 308

erosa, Pfr., 307

expansilabris, Pfr., 309

exquisita, Pfr., n. sp., 307

—— glabrata, Pfr., n. sp., 308

—— globosa, Pfr., 308

granum, Pfr., n. sp., 308

— hieroglyphica, Pfr., 307

Huaheinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 308

— malleata, Pfr., n.sp., 308

multilirata, Pfr., 308

plicosa, Pfr., 308

pupoides, Pfr., 307

radiata, Pfr., n. sp., 308

rosea, Pfr., 307

rubens, Pfr., 307

— scitula, Pfr., 307

terebralis, Pfr., 307

vallata, Pfr., 307

Operculatum pictum, 4. Adams, n. sp.,

137

Ophicardelus, 31

Ophicardelus, Beck, 34

Ophicardelus australis, Brug., 34

concinna, C. B. Adams, 34

—— Layardi, H. et 4. Adams, n. sp., 35

—— Quoyi, H. et A. Adams, n. sp., 34

Sandwichensis, Eydoux, 34

sulcata, H. et A. Adams, un. sp., 34

teniata, Nutt., 34

Orcula, Held, 211

Orgyia, 219

Oriolus aureus, Gmel., 103

castanopterus, Blyth, 282

— Chinensis, Rafiles, 281

Cochinchinensis, 281

Jurcatus, Gmel., 291

Indicus, Briss., 281

leucogaster, Reinw., 282

Orites erythrocephalus, Vig., 139, 140

glaucogularis, (Gould) Moore, n.sp.,

140

jouschistos, Hodgs., 139, 140

—— leucogenys, Moore, n. sp., 139

—— niveogularis, (Gould) Moore, n. sp.,

140

Orthotomus, Horsf., 78

Orthotomus atrogularis, Temm., 78

Bennettii, Sykes, 81, 284

— cineraceus, Blyth, 80

cucullatus, Temm., 81

— Derbianus, Moore, n. sp., 309

— edela, Temm., 79

— flavoviridis, Moore, n. sp., 79

Lingoo, Sykes, 81, 284

longicauda, Gmel., 81, 284

—— longirostris, Swains., 80

— maculicollis, Moore, n. sp., 309

— Patia, Hodgs., 81, 284

INDEX.

Orthotomus ruficapilla, Hutton, 81, 284

—— ruficeps, Lesson, 79

— sepium, Horsf, 78

—— sepium, Lafr., 80

— sphenurus, Swains., 81, 284

sutorius, Hodgs., 81

Otina, 31

Otis, Humph., 7

Otocompsa jocosa, Cabanis, 278

Ovatella Bivona, 32

Ovula pudica, 4. ddams, n. sp., 131

Pachythelia, 220

Paleornis Alexandri, 256

Bengalensis, 256

torguatus, Vigors, 256

PALAPTERYX GRACILIS, 244

PALAPTERYX STRUTHIOIDES, 244

Pallenura javensis, Bonap., 285

Paludina, 100

Paludina Desnoyersii, Payr., 217

Paludinella, Lowe, 206

Paludinella edentula, Drap., 206

— limnezana, Lowe, 206

microspora, Lowe, 207

Paludomus, Swains., 88

Paludomus abbreviatus, Reeve, 88

acutus, Reeve, 88

bacula, Reeve, 88

— bicinctus, Reeve, 88, 90

— bifasciatus, Reeve, 88

clavatus, Reeve, 88

conicus, Gray, 88

—— constrictus, Reeve, 88, 90

—— Chilinoides, Reeve, 88, 89

— decussatus, Reeve, 88, 90

— dilatatus, Reeve, 91

globulosus, Reeve, 88, 90

— levis, Layard, n. sp., 89

— maurus, Reeve, 88

—— nigricans, Reeve, 88, 90

paludinoides, Reeve, 88, 90

—— palustris, Layard, n.sp., 88, 89

—— parvus, Layard, n.sp., 90

— phasianus, Reeve, 38, 90

pictus, Reeve, 88

punctatus, Reeve, 88

— rudis, Reeve, 88

—— spiralis, Reeve, 88, 91

Stephanus, Benson, 88

Pandion humilis, Zemm., 261

—— ichthyaétus, Horsf., 260

Panopza Middendorfii, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

137

Parasia Carlinella, Stainton, 224

Partula nitens, Pfr., n.sp., 293

—— pacifica, Pfr., n.sp., 125

Pastor roseus, Temm., 158

tristis, Temm., 144

Patula, Held, 176

Pedipes, Blainv., 9, 31

Pedipes, Adanson, 36

INDEX.

Pedipes Adansonii, Blainv., 36

—— angulata, C. B. Adams, 36

— Afra, Gmel., 36, 218

—— globulus, Fér., 36

ovalis, C. B, Adams, 36

quadridens, Pfr., 36

— tridens, Pfr., n.sp., 122

Penthophera nigricans, Curtis, 220

Pericrocotus speciosus, Lath., 271

Peristernia nodulosa, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

313

—— stigmataria, 4. ddams, n.sp., 313

Pernis cristata, 4

Petrogale lateralis, 249

penicillatus, 249

xanthopus, Gray, 249

Phaéthornis striigularis, Gould, 111

superciliosus, Linn., 111

Phascolicama, Val., 108

Philene aperta, 95

orientalis, 4. Adams, nu. sp., 94

— Schreteri, 95

Philentoma velatum, Temm., 270

Philippia Layardi, 4. Adams, n.sp., 317

—— oxytropis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 317

Philomelina, Swains., 76

Philopotamis, Layard, n. g., 88

Philopotamis regalis, Layard, n.sp., 88,

—— sulcatus, Reeve, 88, 93

—— Thwaitesi, Layard, n. sp., 88, 93

Phenicornis peregrinus, Vig., 48

Phenicura, Swains., 25

Phenicura albifrons, Brandt, 25

atrata, Jard. et Selby, 26

ceruleocephala, Vig., 29

Frontalis, Vigors, 29

— fuliginosa, Vigors, 29

— leucocephala, Vigors, 30

leucoptera, Blyth, 28

lineoventris, Hodgs., 30

—— muraria, Swains., 25

— nipalensis, Hodgs., 26

plumbea, Gould, 30

—— Reevesii, Blyth, 26

— Reevesii, J. E. Gray, 28

— rubricauda, Hodgs., 30

— ruticilla, Swains., 25

schisticeps, Hodgs., 29

Pholidus badius, Horsf., 263

Phyllornis cochinchinensis, Raffles, 280

cyanopogon, Temm., 280

icterocephala, Temm., 281

—— Javensis, Horsf., 280

Malabaricus, Temm., 280

Molluccensis, Gray, 280

—— mystacalis, Swains., 280

Phythia, Beck, 32

Phytia, Gray, 32

Piaya Cayana, Linn., 115

Pipilo, 96

389

Pipra coronata, Spix, 114

—— cyaneocapilla, Hahn, 114

— herbacea, Spix, 114

Isidori, Sclater, 114

— leucocilla, Linn., 114

manacus, 114

Pipreola chlorolepidota, Swains., 113

— Riefferi, Boiss., 113

Sclateri, Cornalia, 113

Pirenella, Gray, 83

Pirenella bicarinata, Gray, 84

Caiillaudi, Potiez, 83

— conica, Blainv., 84

—— Diemenensis, Quoy et Gaim., 84

— Largillierti, Phil., 84

— Layardii, A. Addams, n. sp., 86

pauxilla, 4. ddams, n. sp., 86

Pisania crenilabrum, 4. ddams, n. sp.;

138

—— filaris, 4. Adams, n. sp., 313

—— Hermannseni, 4. Adams, n. sp., 138

—— reticulata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 138

Pithys erythrophrys, Sclater, n.sp., 255

leucophrys, 255

Pitta affinis, Raffles, 273

—— Boschi, Miiller, 273

—— cerulea, Rafiles, 273

—— coccinea, Eyton, 274

—— cucullata, Hartl., 274

cyanoptera, Temm., 274

elegans, Lesson, 273

— gigas, Temm., 273

granatina, Temm., 274

malaccensis, Schleg., 274

—— nigricollis, Blyth, 274

— rhodogaster, Hodgs., 274

—— Schlegeli, Bonap., 274

Pitylus, 96

Placentula, Lowe, 194

Placentula compar, Lowe, 195

dealbata, Lowe, 196

— fictilis, Zowe, 196

—— leptosticta, Lowe, 195

Maderensis, Wood, 195

— micromphala, Lowe, 195

spirorbis, Lowe, 195

Platyrhynchus Ceylonensis, Sw., 271

perspicillatus, Vieill., 271

Plebecula, Lowe, 172

Plebecula lurida, Lowe, 174

—— vulgata, Lowe, 173

Plecotrema, H. et 4A. Adams, 30, 37

—— bella, H. et A. Adams, n.sp., 37

Pleurobranchiata, 107

Pleurotoma babylonica, 101

Pnoépyga longicaudata, Moore, n. sp., 74

Podargus auritus, Vigors, 266

—— crinifrons, Temm., 266

stellaius, Gould, 266

Polydonta (Infundibulum) zmulans, 4.

Adams, n. sp., 132

390

Polydonta (Infundibulum) concinnum,

A, Adams, 0. sp., 132

— (I.) Neptuni, 4. ddams, n. sp., 132

—— 3 Tritonis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 132

Pomatia, Leach, 171

Pomatia subplicata, Sow., 171

Prinia cinereocapilla, (Hodgs.) Moore,

. Sp. 77

inornata, Sykes, 143

Procnias Heinei, Cabanis, 249

occidentalis, Sclater, n. sp., 249

Psammobia abrupta, Desh., n. sp., 324

—— ameena, Desh., n. sp., 323

—— anomala, Desh., n. sp., 320

—— angusta, Desh., n. sp., 320

—— bicarinata, Desh., n. sp., 322

candidula, Desh., n. sp., 319

—— compta, Desh., n.sp., 321

—— corrugata, Desh., n.sp., 324

— dispar, Desh., n. sp., 325

— elegans, Desh., n. sp., 322

—— grata, Desh., n. sp., 318

insignis, Desh., n.sp., 322

intermedia, Desh., n. sp., 319

— Layardi, Desh., n. sp., 323

lata, Desh., n. sp., 318

—— maxima, Desh., n. sp., 317

—— modesta, Desh., n.sp., 319

—— Menkeana, Desh., n. sp., 319

—— marmorea, Desh., n. sp., 324

nivosa, Desh., n. sp., 317

— oblonga, Desh., n. sp., 321

oriens, Desh., n. sp., 318

ornata, Desh., n. sp., 323

—— pallida, Desh., n. sp., 323

— palmula, Desh., n. sp., 325

pennata, Desh., n. sp., 325

—— petalina, Desh., n.sp., 320

—— prestans, Desh., n. sp., 322

—— puella, Desh., n.sp., 320

pulcherrima, Desh., n. sp., 325

— rubicunda, Desh., nu. sp., 324

striata, Desh., n. sp., 321

— tenuis, Desh., n. sp., 320

—— togata, Desh., n. sp., 318

tripartita, Desh., n. sp., 321

— tristis, Desh., n. sp., 318

Zelandica, Desh., n.sp., 319

Pseudoliva livida, 4. ddams, n. sp., 136

septimenta, Le Guill., 136

Psittacula passerina, Spix, 115

Psyche, 219

Pteroglossus castanotis, Gould, 115

Jflavirostris, Fraser, 115

Ptilochloris, Swains., 114

Ptilochloris arcuata, 114

remigialis, 114

—— rufo-olivaceus, 114

virescens, Lafr., 114

Pucrasia castanea, Gould, n. sp., 99

— macrolopha, Vigors, 99

INDEX.

Pucrasia nipalensis, Gould, n. sp., 100

Pupa, 60, 161

Pupa abbreviata, Lowe, 213

Albersi, Pfr., n. sp., 295

anconostoma, Lowe, 208

anglica, Fér., 208

— calathiscus, Lowe, 212

— cassida, Lowe, 212

— cassidula, Lowe, 212

—— cheilogona, Lowe, 208

— concinna, Lowe, 212

dilucida, Zieg)., 207

edentula, Drap., 206

exigua, Say, 33

— Fanalensis, Lowe, 208

-—— ferraria, Lowe, 211

Sragilis, Drap., 215

— fusca, Lowe, 211

— gibba, Lowe, 213

—— irrigua, Lowe, 208

—— indica, Pfr., n. sp., 295

— levigata, Lowe, 210

— lamellosa, Lowe, 214

laurinea, Lowe, 209

— limnezana, Lowe, 206

linearis, Lowe, 207

—— macilenta, Lowe, 210

— millegrana, Lowe, 211

—— microspora, Lowe, 207

minutissima, Hartm., 207

monticola, Lowe, 212

— Pirriei, Pfr., n. sp., 295

—— pygmea, Drap., 214

— recta, Lowe, 210

— saxicola, Lowe, 214

— seminulum, Lowe, 214

— substriata, Jefir., 211

— sphinctostoma, Lowe, 209

—— umbilicata, Drap., 207

vincta, Lowe, 208

Pycnonotus goiavier, Scop., 278

humeraloides, Less., 272

Jocosus, Linn., 278

Pyctorhis, Hodgson, 104

Pyctorhis longirostris, (Hodgs.) Moore,

n. sp., 104

sinensis, Gmel., 105

Pyranga, 115

Pyrgella, Lowe, 205

Pyrgella Leacociana, Lowe, 205

Pyrgita domestica, 160

Jflavicollis, Frankl., 160.

Pyriglena domicella, 112.

nudiceps, Cassin, 113

Quixensis, Cornalia, 112

rufiventris, Corn., 112

Pyrocephalus rubineus, Bodd., 113

Pyrrhorhynchus, Lafr., 113

Pyrrhulauda crucifer, Temm., 255

Pythia, Bolten, 7, 30

Pythia Celebensis, Pfr., n. sp., 299

INDEX.

Pythia Macgillivrayi, Pfr., n. sp., 298

—— ovata, Pfr., n. sp., 299

—— pepita, Beck, 35

Ramphocelus, 115

Ramphocelus Brazilius, 97

dorsalis, Bonap., n. sp., 97

Rapana(Latiaxis) rhodostoma, 4. Adams,

Nn. sp., 138

Realia, Gray, 304, 305, 307

Realia Cattaroénsis, Gray, 305

—— fgea, Gray, 304

— gutta, Pfr., 305

— minutissima, Gray, 305

rubella, Pfr., n. sp., 304

turriculata, Pfr., n. sp., 304

— ventricosa, Hombr., 304

Regulus Maderensis, Harcourt, n.sp., 153

Rhinoceros Crossii, Gray, n. sp., 250

Rhipidura javanica, Sparm., 271

poliogenys, G. R. Gray, 106

Rhizochilus asper, 4. Adams, n. sp., 137

radula, 4. ddams, n. sp., 137

Rhodostoma, Swains., 31

Rimula, Lowe, 181

Rimula arcinella, Lowe, 181

calva, Lowe, 183

— capsella, Lowe, 181

fausta, Lowe, 182

obserata, Lowe, 182

Rissoa truncata, Phil., 217

Rostellaria melanocheila, 4. ddams, n.sp.,

Rumina, Risso, 199

Rumina decollata, Linn., 199

Runeina Hancocki, 107

Ruticilla atrata, G. R. Gray, 26

aurorea, Pallas, 28

ceruleocephala, Vig., 29

— erythrogastra, Gildst., 27

— erythronota, Eversmann, 30

JSrontalis, Vigors, 29

Srontalis, G. R. Gray, 75

— fuliginosa, Vigors, 29

grandis, Gould, 27

— Hodgsoni, Moore, n. sp., 26

— Indica, Blyth, 26

— leucocephala, Vigors, 30

— leucoptera, Blyth, 28

— melanura, Lesson, 29

-—— nigrogularis, Moore, n. sp., 29

— nipalensis, Hodgs., 26

— phenicura, Linn., 25

— pheenicurvides, Moore, n. sp., 25

plumbea, Gould, 30

— Reevesii, Hodgs., 26

— rufogularis, Moore, n. sp., 27

— schisticeps, Hodgs., 29

—— simplex, Lesson, 30

— sylvestris, Brehm, 25

— Tithys, Scop., 25

— Vigorsi, Moore, n. sp., 27

39]

Saltatores, 96

Sanguinolaria purpurea, Desh., n.sp., 346

vitrea, Desh., n. sp., 326

Saxicola orientalis, Vieill., 272

Saxicolina, Vigors, 76

Scarabella, Lowe, 212

Scarabella cassida, Lowe, 212

Scarabus, Montf., 7, 30

Sconsia Grayi, 4. Adams, n. sp., 136

striata, 137

Scops griseus, Jerdon, 262

Javanicus, Less., 262

lettia, Hodgs., 262

—— lettioides, Hodgs., 262

Scytalopus griseicollis, Lafr., 111

Setophaga nigrocincta, Lafr., 111

ruticilla, 111

Sidula, Gray, 31

Siona, H. et A. Adams, n. g., 32

Siona avena, Petit, 32

Srumentum, Petit, 32

— triticea, Phil., 32

Siva occipitalis, Blyth, 141

Solidula, Fischer, 60

Solidula aftinis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 61

concinnata, Reeve, 61

— glabra, Reeve, 61

—— insculpta, Reeve, 61

— nitidula, Lamk., 61

— pusilla, 4. Adams, n. sp., 61

solidula, Linn., 61

— suturalis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 61

tessellata, Reeve, 61

Spermestes Cheet, Sykes, 160

Spermolegus montanellus, Kaup, 118

Spes, Risso, 59

Spes bifasciatus, Risso, 59

Spherium Indicum, Desh., n. sp., 342

Nove Zelandie, Desh., n. sp., 342

Spilornis Bacha, Gray, 260

Spiraxis bistorta, Pfr., n. sp., 293

Spirorbula, Lowe, 175

Spirorbula latens, Lowe, 175

obtecta, Lowe, 175

paupercula, Lowe, 175

Spizaétus cirrhatus, Gmel., 259

limneétus, Horsf., 259

Stachyris, Hodgson, 141

Stachyris pyrrhops, Hodgs., 141

ruficeps, Blyth, 141

Staurodon, Lowe, 214

Staurodon pygmea, Drap., 214

— saxicola, Lowe, 214

seminulum, Lowe, 214

Stomatella cancellata, 133

clathratula, 4. Addams, n. sp., 133

compta, 4. Addams, n. sp., 133

haliotidea, Sow., 133

— imbricata, 133

— selecta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 133

Stomatia decorata, 4. Addams, n. sp., 133

392 INDEX.

Stomatia rubra, Lamk., 134

Streptaxis conoidea, Pfr., n. sp., 149

Fortunei, Pfr., n.sp., 149

Strix badia, Horsf., 263

Ceylonensis, Lath,, 263

—— erythroptera, Gould, 262

hirsuta, Temm., 262

— infausta, Hamilton, 262

Ketupa, Horsf., 263

Lempiji, Horsf., 262

lugubris, Tickell, 262

noctula, Reinw., 262

orientalis, Horsf., 262

pagodarum, Temm., 263

radiata, Tickell, 262

scutulata, Raftles, 262

Seloputo, Horsf., 263

strepitans, Temm., 263

Sumatrana, Rafiles, 263

Strombus obtusus, Wood, 83

Sturnus collaris, Scop., 116

maritimus, Gmel., 116

Stylifer Barronii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 137

Stylopide, 219

Succinea Baconi, Pfr., n.sp., 298

—— Ceylanica, Pfr., n. sp., 297

—— daucina, Pfr., u. sp., 298

—— Newcombi, Pfr., n. sp., 297

punctata, Pfr., n.sp., 297

repanda, Pfr., n.sp., 123

—— simplex, Pfr., n.sp., 123

—— strigata, Pfr., n. sp., 297

tomentosa, Pfr., n. sp., 297

vitrea, Pfr., n. sp., 298

Sutoria, Nicholson, 78

Sutoria agilis, Nicholson, 78, 284

Suya, Hodgson, 77

Suya atrogularis, Moore, n. sp., 77

Sylvia atrata, Lath., 26

erythrogastra, Lath., 27

— erythronota, Eversmann, 30

— guzuratta, Lath., 81, 284

—— longicauda, Lath., 81

— modularis, Lath., 118

— montanella, Lath., 118

— leucophea, Vieill., 272

— phenicura, Lath., 25

— sutoria, Lath., 81

— Tithys, Lath., 25

Sylviade, Vigors, 76, 78

Sylviana, Vigors, 77, 78

Sylvicola Blackburnia, 111

Sylvicoline, 96

Syrnium Selo-puto, Horsf., 263

Tachyphonus, 95

Tachyphonus coronatus, Vieill., 158

luctuosus, ’Orb., 115

violaceus, Layard, n.sp., 88, 92

—— xanthopygius, Selater, n. sp., 158

Tanagra ceelestis, Spix, 115

splendidula, 4. Addams, n.sp., 133

Tanagra frugilegus, 97

striata, Gmel., 97

Tanalia, Gray, 88

Tanalia erea, Reeve, 88, 91

— crinascens, Reeve, 88, 91

funiculata, Reeve, 88, 92

—— Gardneri, Reeve, 88, 91

Layardi, Reeve, 88, 91

loricata, Reeve, 88, 91

—— Reevei, Layard, n. sp., 88, 92

— similis, Layard, nu. sp., 88, 92

—— Tennentii, Reeve, 92

undata, Reeve, 88, 91

Tantalus leucocephalus, 2

—— melanocephalus, Lath., 2

Tarsiger superciliaris, (Hodgs.) Moore,

N. sp., 76

Tchitrea affinis, Hay, 270

Tectula, Lowe, 191

Tectula Albersii, Lowe, 192

Bulveriana, Lowe, 192

— Lyelliana, Lowe, 191

— ltectiformis, Sow., 192

Tellina abbreviata, Desh., n. sp., 362

—— equalis, Desh., n.sp., 358

—— Amboynensis, Desh., n. sp., 366

—— ameena, Desh., n. sp., 369

—— attenuata, Desh., n. sp., 363

—— australis, Desh., n. sp., 362

brevirostris, Desh., n. sp., 362

— callosa, Desh., n. sp., 361

— clausa, Desh., n. sp., 360

compressa, Desh., n.sp., 359

contabulata, Desh,, n.sp., 356

contorta, Desh., n. sp., 359

crassula, Desh., n. sp., 354

—— cuspidata, Desh., n. sp., 360

decolorata, Desh., n. sp., 370

— delicatula, Desh., n.sp., 363

denticulata, Desh., n. sp., 365

— dialeuca, Desh., n. sp., 368

—— diaphana, Desh., n.sp., 364

— Diemenensis, Desh., n. sp., 361

—— dilatata, Desh., n.sp., 359

— discula, Desh., n. sp., 360

—— dissimilis, Desh., n. sp., 370

donaciformis, Desh., n. sp., 357

dubia, Desh., n. sp., 371

—— egregia, Desh., n. sp., 366

—— fabagella, Desh., n. sp., 355

— flammula, Desh., n. sp., 367

glabrella, Desh., n.sp., 366

—— grata, Desh., n. sp., 369

gratiosa, Desh., n. sp., 369

—— incerta, Desh., n.sp.,367

—— inquinata, Desh., n.sp., 357

— Japonica, Desh., n.sp., 356

—— Layardi, Desh., n.sp., 357

leda, Desh., n. sp., 364

—— Mazatlanica, Desh., n. sp., 359

— mesta, Desh., n. sp., 361

INDEX.

Tellina Moretonensis, Desh., n. sp., 355

nitens, Desh., n. sp., 358

— nucleolus, Desh., n. sp., 355

— obesa, Desh., n.sp., 354

— obliquaria, Desh., n. sp., 356

— obtusalis, Desh., n. sp., 356

—— ornata, Desh., n. sp., 370

— petalina, Desh., n. sp., 367

pretiosa, Desh., n. sp., 360

—— radians, Desh., n. sp., 366

—— recurva, Desh., n. sp., 361

resecta, Desh., n. sp., 364

— Rombergi, Moreh, 355

rubella, Desh., nu. sp., 364

rubra, Desh., n.sp., 364

— rufa, Desh., n.sp., 367

sanguinolenta, Desh., n. sp., 359

— semiaspera, Desh., n. sp., 365

Sieboldii, Desh., n. sp., 368

— silicula, Desh., n. sp., 363

—— solenella, Desh., n. sp., 365

—— splendida, Desh., n. sp., 370

—— squamifera, Desh., n. sp., 365

straminea, Desh., n. sp., 363

Strangei, Desh., n. sp., 362

Suensoni, Mérch, 358

—— sulcatina, Desh., n. sp., 368

tessellata, Desh., n. sp., 362

textilis, Desh., n. sp., 357

Ticaonica, Desh., n. sp., 358

tristis, Desh., n.sp., 361

turgida, Desh., n.sp., 354

ventricosa, Desh., n.sp., 356

—— venusta, Desh., n. sp., 368

vinosa, Desh., n. sp., 369

Tephrodornis gularis, Raffles, 272

Termes, 219

Tesia, Hodgs., 273

Testacella, Cuv., 163

Testacella haliotidea, Drap., 163

— Maugei, Fér., 163

Thala roseata, 4. ddams, n.sp., 135

Thalurania viridipectus, Gould, 111

Thamnobia fulicata, 142

Thamnophilus Quixensis, Corn., 112

rufiventris, Corn., 112

— stellaris, Spix, 112

Tharrhaleus modularis, Kaup, 118

Theba, Beck, 169, 171

Threnetes cervinicauda, Gould, n. sp.

109, 111

leucurus, 109

Timalia erythronota, Blyth, 276

erythroptera, Blyth, 276

grisea, 103

— hyperythra, Frankl., 103

— hypoleuca, 103

maculata, Temm., 276

Matcolmi, Sykes, 102

— nigricollis, Temm., 276

pectoralis, Blyth, 276

393

Timalia pyrrhophea, Hartl., 276

— trichorros, Temm., 275

Timalina, Vigors, 104

Tityra marginata, Licht., 113

Todiramphus collaris, Scop., 269

occipitalis, Blyth, 269

varius, Eyton, 268

Todus macrorhynchus, Gmel., 267

nasutus, Lath., 267

Tornatella, Lamk., 59

Tornatella Bevaletii, Baudon, 59

concinnata, Reeve, 61

coniformis, Blainy., 9

Ffasciata, Lamk., 59

Jlammea, Lamk., 59

— glabra, Reeve, 61

— insculpta, Reeve, 61

—— nitidula, Reeve, 61

oryza, Reeve, 59

—— pedipes, Lamk., 218

pellucida, Macg., 59

puncto-striata, 59

—— pusilla, Macg., 59

Senegalensis, Petit, 59

— Sieboldii, Reeve, 59

solidula, Lamk., 61

tessellata, Reeve, 61

— venusta, D’Orb., 59

virgata, Reeve, 59

Tornatellina Kiisteri, Pfr., n. sp., 295

Trachycomus ochrocephalus,Cabanis, 279

Tralia, Gray, 10, 31

Tralia angiostoma, Desh., 11]

eingulata, Pfr., 11

costata, Quoy et Gaim., 12

elongata, Petit, 11

exarata, H. et 4. ddams,n. sp., 13

exigua, Lowe, 11

JSasciata, Chemn., 11

— Floridiana, Shuttl., 11

globula, Fér., 11

granifera, Mousson, 12

infrequens, C. B. Adams, 11

— Kiisteri, Krauss, 11

—— maura, Mih)., 11

—— mitralis, H. et Ad. Adams, un. sp., 13

—— nitidula, H. e¢ 4. ddams, nu. sp., 12

— olivula, Moric., 11

Panamensis, C. B. Adams, 10

—— pellucida, Cooper, 11

pulchella, Petit, 11

pusilla, Gmel., 10

Trichastoma, Blyth, 75

Trichastoma Abbotti, Blyth, 76

— rostratum, Blyth, 276

Trichixos pyrrhopyga, Lesson, 275

Trichophorus crispiceps, Blyth, 279

Triton Africanus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 312

Boltenianus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 311

comptus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 312

—— obscurus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 312

394

Triton pyriformis, 4. 4dams, n.sp., 302

Trochomorpha, Alb., 191

Trochus Belcheri, Phil., 39

calyculus, Wood, 39

-— corrugatus, Koch, 41

Jjavanicus, Lamk., 40

Lehmanni, Phil., 41

—— niger, Chemn., 40

—— nigerrimus, Gmel., 40

—— Preissianus, Phil., 40

Solandri, Phil., 41

Troglodytes, 273

Trogon melanopterus, Sw., 110

Truncatella, Risso, 217

Truncatella costulata, Risso, 217

truncatula, Drap., 217

Truncatellina, Lowe, 207

Truncatellina linearis, Lowe, 207

—— minutissima, Hartm., 207

Tudicla fusoides, 4. Adams, n. sp., 135

recurva, 4. ddams, u. sp., 135

Turio Araucanus, D’Orb., 41

— carychium, Dillw., 33

--— Lehmanni, Menke, 41

——— nigerrimus, Gmel., 41

— ovalis, Da Costa, 59

—— pulcher, Dillw., 83

Quoyi, Kien., 41

Turcica, 4. ddams, n. g., 37

Turcica monilifera, 4. ddams, n. sp., 37

Turdinus macrodactylus, Strickl., 275

Turdirostris superciliaris, Hay, 275

Turdus analis, Horsf., 278

— Javanicis, Blyth, 274

macrourus, Gmel., 283

—— Mindanensis, Gmel., 282

— minimus, Lafr., 111

—— modestus, Eyton, 274

ochrocephalus, Gmel., 279

orientalis, Gmel., 272

—— rufulus, Drapiez, 274

speciosus, Lath., 271

tricolor, Vieill., 283

viridis, Horsf., 286

Turricula Layardii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 135

mirifica, Reeve, 135

—— roseata, 4. Addams, n. sp., 135

Typhis grandis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 42

Tyrannula pheenicura, Selater, n. sp., 113

Urrua Bengalensis, 45

Valionia, Risso, 176

Valvaria alba, Flem., 36

Vitrina, Drap., 163

Vitrina aurea, Pfr, n. sp., 122

Behnii, Lowe, 163

—— heliciformis, Pfr., n. sp., 296

—— hyalina, Pfr., n. sp., 296

—— Lamarckii, Fér., 163, 164

INDEX.

Vitrina marcida, Gould, 164, 165

media, Lowe, 164

nitida, Gould, 164

Ruivensis, Gould, 163

Teneriffe, Quoy et Gaim., 163

Voluta alba, Mont., 36

—— auris-Jude, Linn., 7

—— auris-Mide, Linn., 7

— bidentata, Mont., 36

— bifasciata, Gmel., 59

—— coffea, Linn., 9

coffea, Chemn., 31

— denticulata, Dillw., 33 '

—— Deshayesii, Reeve, n. sp., 73

Jasciata, Chemn., 11

Jiammea, Gmel., 59

Slava, Gmel., 9

— livida, Linn., 10

—— minuta, Gmel., 9

—— pusilla, Gmel., 10

ringens, Turt., 32

solidula, Linn., 61

— tornatilis, Linn., 59

triplicata, Donov., 10

Volutomitra cinnamomea, 4. Adams,

n. sp., 134

— corniculum, 135

—— digna, 4. Adams, n.sp., 135

vincta, 4. ddams, n. sp., 134

Volva birostrata, 130

rosea, 4. ddams, n. sp., 130

Vultur Bengalensis, 1, 258

-— Changoun, Daud., 258

— Indicus, 1, 258

leuconotus, Gray, 258°

Ponticerianus, 1

Xerophila, Held, 169

Xerophila armillata, Lowe, 170

caperata, Mont., 169

Xiphorhynchus procurvus, Terom., 111

Zanthopygia leucophrys, Blyth, 283

tricolor, Hartl., 283

Zenatia Cumingiana, Desh., n. sp., 72

— solenoides, Desh., n.sp., 72

Ziziphinus comptus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 38

euglyptus 4. Addams, n.sp., 38

Javanicus, Lamk., 40

scitulus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 38

—— speciosus, 4. Addams, un. sp.; 38

spectabilis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 37

zonamestus, A. Adams, 40

Zonites cellarius, Gray, 177

crystallinus, Gray, 178

Zua, Leach, 199

Zua lubrica, Miull., 199

Maderensis, Lowe, 199

Zurama, Leach, 176

Zurama pulchella, Mull., 176

Printed by Tayzor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PART XXIII.

1855.

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ;

SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER-SQUARE,

AND BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS,

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LIST

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articles contributed by each.

Apams, Arruour, R.N., F.L.S. &e. page

Descriptions of Two New Genera and several New Species

of Mollusca, from the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq... .. 119

Descriptions of Twenty-five New Species of Shells, from

BRR ULE a ough og 2 ais 3 gre nie! Soya a» hb sh ace. Rae IE

Burcess, Lieutenant.

Notes on the Habits of Indian Birds .... 27. 32. 70. 79. 184

CARPENTER, P. P.

Descriptions of (supposed) New Species and Varieties of

Shells, from the Californian and West Mexican Coasts, prin-

cipally in the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. ............ 228

Crisp, Epwarps, M.D.

On the Relative Weight of the Body and of the Viscera of

em RNIN fi on hc roel ncaa bg Sig x2. 6 ox apse aie ee

On some points relating to the Anatomy of the Tasmanian

Wolf (Thylacinus Creel ts and of the pe Oa pe 3

Dog (Lycaon pictus) . EE hers: enitcale mae pL

+ Dersuayes, M. G. P.

ROIRE Ne EPO UG BOM 5-5 =o os « o5.inys oP tin ee 167

Sur le Gremertemermna ls. LOUIE. OU Senet 171

Descriptions de Nouvelles Espéces du Genre Erycina .... 181

Of mt

Goutp, Joun, F.R.S. &e. page

Extracts from the Letters of his Son, Dr. Henry Gould,

relating to the Natural History of Western India... .

Exhibition of a Collection of Birds from Scinde, being the

first of his Son’s Contributions to Indian Ornithology ......

Descriptions of eh New Species of Birds from South

AATROTIO NS Nei atte Oe fe eRe a ooh atcha at age

Exhibition of portion of a Collection of Birds formed by

Mr. Hauxwell on the Eastern Side of the Peruvian Andes ..

Description of a New Species of Rutzc7lla from Erzeroum..

On Two New Species of Humming Birds......... nol

On a New Species of the Genus Prion ..

On some New Species of Birds collected by W Mr. M‘Gil-

Divi arash ee Sinan oe kaic bs late ©, = led pl 9/atenia taper

On a New Genus and Species of Trochilide from Ecuador

Gray, G.R., F.L.S. &e.

On a New Species of Somateria, and the Female of Lam-

pronetia Fmckert, Brandt); '. cos accs se eee hese soos

Gray, Dr. Joun Epwarp, F.R.S., &c.

Notice of the Horns of an unrecorded Species of the Prong

Horn (Antilocapra), in the Collection of the Derby Museum,

WAVER POOL. §.:-2:°<).1c she ae Pee ele aie tes eae ene wl eae

Notice of the Horns and Skull of the Arnee....... Boe

Extracts from Letters received from Francis Brent, Esq.,

211

of Sandgate, regarding the Destruction of Conger Eels.... 26.49

An Arrangement of the Families of Echinida, with De-

scriptions of some New Genera and Species ..............

Observations on the Species of Volutes—Volutide ......

On some New Species of Freshwater Tortoises from North

America, Ceylon, and Australia, in the Collection of the Bri-

tish: Miser ease ieee renee yen od. shel | okay Bea

On a New Genus of Fish-scaled Lizards (Scissosare) from

New Guineau2%. ocanett Gh oot eeh ealieecit Siienemene

Hopeson, B. H., Esq. page

On the Geographical Distribution of the Mammalia and

Birds of the Hitmalaya : .+-.0..-.. 6.000 erence can tts vis SO

Houpswort, E. W. H.

Description of a New Sea Anemone............ 2.2.0. 85

Description of Two New Species of Actinia from the South

TUS GIES 7 a a la a a a gy 235

Moors, FreEDERIC.

Notice of some New Species of Birds ................ 215

Preirrer, Dr. L.

Descriptions of Twenty-seven New Species of Achatinella,

from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq., collected by Dr.

Newcomb and by Mons. D. Frick in the Sandwich Islands. 1

Descriptions of Nine New Species of Land Shells, also from

the Collection ‘ot Mir: Comanpa<eoe aris 4 beta te ateye.d 0.0.2 7

Descriptions of Forty-seven New Species of Helicea, from

Be. Bama Call Beat sn kg wine. Rattan See Lhe oon te 91

Descriptions of a New Genus and Twenty-three New

Species of Pneumonopoma, from the same Collection ...... 101

Descriptions of Nine New Species of Helicea, from the

Bimme’ Collection Sto) 23) sie ate APE oR AEs Sth OFT. Dyes 106

Descriptions of Thirty-eight New ae of Land Shells,

sromehe vamhe: Collection ii), 202% weve <Qiees eek (ge doial wien l

Descriptions of Twenty-three New Specie of Achatinella,

collected by Mons. D. Frick in the Sandwich Islands, from the

ANIC URE CHORE SLI Wavelsta timid Ana ces os ssc ease mlase om 202

Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Achatinella, col-

lected by Dr. Newcomb in the Sandwich Islands, from the

SURE NO GMPCLIPIN TE con epee ence te ieee ee ee eee 207

Descriptions of Five New Species of Terrestrial Mollusca,

from, the same Collection... ......4- waeasias > nmmaste wip 210

Scuater, Puintie Lutuey, M.A. page

On the Genus Culicivora of Swainson and its component

Species: « she Nivvetal Si laeein- ot BP actene eeleett add o-aly 11

Remarks on the Arrangement of the Jacamars (Galbulide),

with Descriptions of some New Species.................. 13

Characters of Six New Species of the Genus Thamnophilus 18

Note on the Sixteen Species of Texan Birds named by

Mr. Giraud, of New York, m 1841 .................... _ 65

On a New Species of the Genus Todirostrum of Lesson.. 66

On some New or little-known Species of Birds in the

Derby Museamat Liverpdol: «iii. i20. 28 es eee ce ees EE

Descriptions of Four New or little-known Tanagers...... 83

Descriptions of some New Species of Ant Thrushes (For-

micariine) from Santa Fé di Bogota.................04. 88

Descriptions of some New Species of Birds from Santa Fé

di Bazota haisdles.gwch sprue). Ul. ded tudlont add. SeOrEgg

On the Birds received in Collections from Santa Fé di Bogota 131

Characters of some apparently New Species of Bucconide,

accompanied by a Geographical Table of the Family ...... 193

Note on the Genus Legriocinclus, Lesson, and its Synonyms 212

Description of a Newly-discovered Tanager of the Genus

Baie ga], tail let eB < mapeem gue etal i i Te SES pepe ete aha et 214

Torrens, H., Esq., B.A., V.P. As. Soc. Bengal.

On Native Impressions regarding the Natural History of

certain (Indian) Animals ............ eee eens reyes 129

Westwoop, J.O., F.L.S. &e.

Descriptions of some New Species of Cleride, collected at

Sinsapare py Wir. WeUREe. ore eee gie we oop oso 15 aoe 19

Exhibition of several New and remarkable Species of

Beetles, belonging to the Families Cicindelide and Carabide 119

Woopwaprp, S. P., F.G.S.

On Panopea Aldrovandi, Lam................+-.--- 218

Plate

XL.

LXXVIL

LXXVIII.

LXXIX.

LXXX.

LXXXI.

LXXXII.

LXXXIII.

LXXXIV. {

LXXXV.

LXXXVI.

LXXXVII.

LXXXVIII.

LXXXIX.

XC.

XCI.

XCII.

XCIII.

XCIV.

XCV.

XCVI.

XCVII.

XCVIII.

XCIX.

CI.

Cll.

LIST OF PLATES.

1855.

MAMMALIA.

Horns and Skull of Arnee.... 2.2.2... ccc cece eeeee

AVES.

Galbula fuscicapilla, Sclater...........6 cee eee ee

Ege of Péterocles exustus

Thamnophilus leuchauchen, Sclater........ Agonns ]

melanonotus, Sclater . .

nigrocinereus, Sclater

cesius, Sclater

Todirostrum nigriceps, Sclater

spiciferum, Lafr..

Conirostrum ferrugineiventre, Sclater

Synallaxis erythrothoraz, Sclater....

Rhamphocenus cinereiventris, Sclater

Cyphorinus albigularis, Sclater......

Arremon erythrorhynchus, Sclater ..

Tachyphonus xanthopygius, Sclater . .

Tanagra notabilis, Jardine

Saltator arremonops, Jardine

Prion hrevirostris, Gould

Grallaria modesta, Sclater

Formicwwora callinota, Sclater ......

Dysithamnus semicinereus, Sclater ..

Pyriglena tyrannina, Sclater.............00eee eee

Nemosia albigularis, Sclater........

Pyriglena Ellisiana, Sclater........

Anthus Bogotensis, Sclater

Otocorys peregrina, Sclater

see eee ee

ee ee wees

Chameza mollissima, Sclater........

ee ey

ee ay

melanurus, Gould............0ee00:

ee ey

i ey

ee)

aut ee = sia else

ee rr er

a ary

Or ee er ary

Plate Page

CIII. Vireolanius icterophrys, Bp... 1.1... e+e e cere cece 151

CV. Bucco hyperrhynchus, Sclater ........+.++0+++0s } 193

CVI. UUMIENTUM . SCLALCE s\9/- she. 6/cloin.+a1<ieinie iccet ae es

CVI. Somateria V-nigra, G.R. Gray........-. ee ee eeee } 211

CVIII. Lampronetta Fischeri, Brandt ..........-.+++++-

CIX. Buarremon leucopterus, Jardine ........+.++eeeeee 214

CX. Iridornis porphyrocephala, Sclater ..........+.+.+. 227

CXI. Otocoris longirostris, (Gould) Moore ............+

CXII. Enmberiza Stracheyi, Moore ......-...+++200+00 ]

CXIII. Propasser thura, male .......2...150eeeeee cree I 215

CXIV. — ifort OSs AeA achoncermac jcc c-

REPTILIA.

VAM piCoruciazebrata dabei Webb Berwcls she deleielelsicl's «ci opi" 217

MOLLUSCA.

XXX. Dr. L. Pfeiffer’s New Species of Achatinella........ 1

XXXI. 91,

XXXII. } Dr. L. Pfeiffer’s New Species of Helicea .... 101 & 106

ANNULOSA.

XXXVIII. Mr. Westwood’s New Species of Cleride .......... 19

RADIATA.

Vv hep Holdsworth’s New Species of meneiterd) & 235

A ah Andante Ut aot. Sige eee ren

Proc. Z.S. Mollusca. XXX

7a 7b & 3 10

2/ ‘ 22 23 24 £5 26 27

G.B. Sowerby Ford & West Imp.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 9, 1855.

Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Descriptions oF TWENTY-SEVEN New Species or ACHATI-

NELLA, FROM THE COLLECTION or H. Cuming, Esa.,

COLLECTED BY Dr. Newcoms AND By Mons. D. Frick,

LATE CONSUL-GENERAL OF FRANCE AT THE SANDWICH

Isuanps. By Dr. L. Prreirrer.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXX.)

Genus ACHATINELLA.

Sect. Newcomata, Pfr. in Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 117.

1. A. aprycua, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 1.) A. testa imperforata,

dextrorsa, oblongo-conica, tenuiuscula, striatula, parum nitida,

alba, cingulis punctatis, castaneis ornata; spira elongato-conica,

apice obtusula; sutura subsimplice ; anfract. 65, convexiusculis,

ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; apertura obliqua,

truncato-ovali ; intus lactea; plica columellari obsoleta, vir tor-

tula ; peristom. simplice, intus levissime labiato, margine dextro

recto, columellari angusto, adnato.

Long. 213, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (J’rich).

Sect. AURICULELLA, Pfr.

(Testa subperforata, oblongo-conica ; paries aperturalis lamella spi-

raliter intrante munitus, plica columellaris supera, dentiformis vel

obsoleta; perist. expansiusculum. Species: Helix auricula, Fér.,

Tornatellina Petitiana, Pfr., Partula pusilla, Gould?)

No. CCLXXXIV.—Procrtpineés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

2. A. cern, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 21.) A. testa subperforata,

dextrorsa, elongato-conica, tenui, striatula, diaphana, cerea; spira

turrita, apice obtusa; anfr. 8, viv convexiusculis, ultimo 4 longi-

tudinis subequante, basi subcompresso; apertura parum obliqua,

truncato-ovali ; lamella parietali tenui ; plica columellari obsoleta ;

perist. albo, margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari dilatato,

patente.

Long. 82, diam. 32 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Dr. Newcomb).

Sect. FrickE.ua, Pfr.

(Testa subperforata, oblonga; paries aperturalis lamella spiraliter

intrante munitus; plica columellaris compressa, mediana;_perist.

simplex, rectum.)

3. A. ama@na, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 3.) 4. testa subperforata,

ovato-oblonga, tenui, striatula, nitida, lutea, fusco obsolete uni-

fasciata ; spira convexo-conica, apice obtusula ; sutura impressa ;

anfr. 64, convexiusculis, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante, basi

subattenuato ; apertura obliqua, semiovali ; lamina parietali sub-

transversa ; plica columellari subduplicata, callosa, superposita,

lamina spirali ; perist. simplice, recto.

Long. 113, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

Sect. Butrme ta, Pfr. in Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 119.

4. A. canpipa, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 4.) A. testa dextrorsa,

imperforata, ovato-conica, striatula, parum nitida, candida ; spira

convexo-conica, vertice minuto, nigro, acutiusculo; sutura levi,

filomarginata; anfr. 65, planiusculis, ultimo 3—4 longitudinis

equante, obsolete angulato, basi rotundato; apertura obliqua,

truncato-auriformi ; plica columellari mediocri, supera, obliqua,

subcompressa ; perist. fusco-violaceo, intus valide labiato, mar-

gine dextro expanso, columellari dilatato, plano, crasso, adnato.

Long. 22, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

5. A. crnerosa, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 5.) A. testa dextrorsa,

imperforata, ovato-conica, solida, sublevigata, nitida, fusco-grisea,

lineis fuscis et albis radiata; spira conica, apice acutiuscula,

alba; sutura subcrenulata, albo-marginata ; anfr. 6, vix convexius-

culis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi rotundato ; apertura parum

obliqua, truncato-auriformi ; plicu columellari torta, valida, denti-

formi; perist. crasse albo-labiato, margine dextro substricto,

breviter expanso, columellari crasso, adnato.

Long. 21, diam. 11 mill.

2. Fulvida, fusco radiata, sutura concolore.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

6. A. macrostoma, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 6.) A. testa dex-

trorsa, imperforata, conico-ovata, solidula, levissime siriatula,

nitida, fulva, fasciis nonnullis pallidis et fuscis variegata; spira

conica, obtusula ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 54, modice conveais,

ultimo spiram equante, superne turgido, medio attenuato, basi

rotundato ; apertura parum obliqua, ampla, obauriformi, intus

alba ; perist. albo, leviter labiato, margine dextro expanso, superne

valde curvato, columellari dilatato, adnato.

Long. 214, diam.-11 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

7. A. Fricxt, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 7.) A. testa subimperfo-

rata, dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, oblongo-ovata, solida, leviter

striata, nitida, coloribus pervaria ; spira convexiusculo-conica,

acuta; sutura anguste marginata; anfr. 6, viv convexiusculis,

ultimo + longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; apertura ob-

liqua, obauriformi ; plica columellari supera, torta, valida ; perist.

expansiusculo, obtuso, violaceo vel nigro labiato et limbato, mar-

gine dextro substricto.

Long. 20-21, diam. 103 mill.

a, Isabellina, pallide fusco subfasciata, sutura alba.

B. Lete castanea, fasciis albis et saturatioribus ornata (sinis-

trorsa).

y- Griseo-fusca, fasciis saturatioribus picta, sursum alba.

6. Alba vel lutescens, fasciis 2-8 nigro-fuscis ornatu.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

8. A. pranosprra, Pfr., (Pl. XXX. fig. 8.) A. testa imper-

Sorata, dextrorsa, ovato-pyramidata, solida, conferte striata et sub

lente obsoletissime decussata, nitida, nigricante, fasciis nonnullis

albis vel luteis, angustis ornata ; spira conica, acutiuscula ; sutura

lineari, marginata ; anfr. 54, planis, ultimo spira paulo breviore,

obsolete angulato, basi rotundato ; apertura obliqua, obauriformi ;

plica columellari supera, valida, torta, alba; perist. crasse albo-

labiato, margine dextro repando, breviter expanso, columellari

adnato.

Long. 19, diam. 93 mill.

8. Superne nigro-castanea, anfr. ultimo fulvo, brunneo lineato.

Ha6. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

9. A. Monacna, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 9.) A. testa imperfo-

rata, ovato-conica, solida, oblique striatula, parum nitida, griseo-

alba, lineis fuscis varie cincta; spira elevato-conica, acutiuscula ;

sutura leviter marginata, subcrenulata; anfr. 6, convexiusculis,

ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi rotundato ; apertura obliqua,

late obauriformi; plica columellari supera, obliqua, mediocri ;

perist. sublabiato, margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari

crasso, flexuoso, adnato.

Long. 20, diam. 102 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

10. A. vipua, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 10.) A. testa subimper-

forata, dextrorsa, conico-ovata, striatula, sub lente minutissime

decussata, nitida, saturate fusca, ceruleo-albido bifasciata ; spira

convexo-conica, apice obtusula; sutura subsimplice ; anfr. 6, vix

convexiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi rotundato ; aper-

tura parum obliqua, truncato-oblonga ; plica columellari obsoleta,

viz torta; perist. intus valide labiato, margine dextro anguste

reflexo, columellari dilatato, subadnato.

Long. 184, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

11. A. muxticotor, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 11.) A. testa im-

perforata, dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, conico-oblonga, solida, striata

et sub lente minutissime decussata, nitida, lutea vel albida, fasciis

nigro-castaneis varie ornata, rarius unicolore; spira elongato-

conica, apice subattenuata, acutiuscula ; sutura marginata ; anfr.

6, planiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ;

apertura obliqua, truncato-obauriformi ; plica columellari supera,

valida, torta; perist. nigro-limbato, margine externo substricto,

breviter expanso, columellari dilatato, subadnato.

Long. 17, diam. 9 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

12. A. arrenvata, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 12.) A. testa subper-

Sorata, ovato-turrita, tenuiuscula, striatula et sub lente granulata,

alba, strigis corneis sepe angulosis picta ; spira concavo-turrita,

oblusula ; sutura distincte filomarginata ; anfr. 54, superis planis,

sequentibus convexis, ultimo 4 longitudinis subequante, rotundato,

basi subcompresso; apertura obliqua, subtetragono-auriformi ;

plica columellari valida, compressa, lingueformi; perist. acuto,

breviter expanso, intus labiato, margine basali cum columellari

dilatato intus angulum formante.

Long. 16, diam. 73 mill.

Hab. In insula Mani, Sandwich (Frick).

13. A. Swarnsont, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 13.) A. testa sinis-

trorsa, imperforata, ovato-conica, solida, sublevigata, nitida,

albida, fulvo tenuiter strigata ; spira conica, apice fulva, acutius-

cula ; sutura marginata; anfr.5%, convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longi-

tudinis subequante, infra suturam turgido, basi rotundato ; aper-

tura fere diagonali, obauriformi ; plica columellari supera, valida,

nodiformi ; perist. nigro-fusco limbato, margine externo reflexius-

culo, intus crasse labiato, columellari crasso, flecuoso, adnato.

Long. 20, diam. 11 mill.

(3. Virenti-lutea, anfr. ultimo antice castaneo.

Haé. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

14. A. Sowrersyana, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 14.) A. testa

sinistrorsa, imperforata, conico-oblonga, solidula, sublevigata,

glutinoso-nitente, fulvo-lutescente, saturatius subradiata; spira

convexiusculo-conica, subacuta; sutura marginata ; anfr. 6, vir

conveziusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi saccato-rotundato ;

apertura obliqua, obauriformi, intus alba; plica columellari su-

pera, valida, torta, rosea; perist. roseo-labiato, margine externo

breviter expanso, columellari dilatato, adnato.

Long. 18, diam. 9 mill.

8. Paulo minor, flavo-albida, basi castanea vel viridula.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

15. A. potrum, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 15.) A. testa perforata,

ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, leviter striatula, parum nitente, pallide

lutescente, fasciis et strigis angustis, fusculis variegata; spira

conica, acutiuscula; sutura viv marginata; anfr. 6, convexis,

ultimo spiram paulo superante, ventroso, basi subcompresso ;

apertura obliqua, obauriformi, intus alba; plica columellari alta,

dentiformt, alba ; perist. tenui, intus sublabiato, margine dextro

anguste expanso, columellari dilatato, patente.

Long. 17, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Dr. Newcomb).

16. A. Forspestana, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 16.) A. testa sub-

perforata, dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, ovato-conica, solida, conferte

striatula, nitida, grisea vel albida, fasciis crebris griseis vel

Suscis, sepe confluentibus picta; spira exacte conica, sursum alba,

apiculo nigro acutiusculo ; sutura marginata; anfr. 6, converxius-

culis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, rotundato; apertura obliqua,

obauriformi ; plica columellari supera, valida, nodiformi ; perist.

Jusculo vel carneo limbato, margine externo breviter expanso,

columellari crasso, subadnato.

Long. 19, diam. 103 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

Sect. Lamrnexra, Pfr. in Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 126.

17. A. Rupts, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 17.) A. testa subimperfo-

rata, ovato-turrita, solida, ruditer striata, fulvo-fusca; spira

elevato-conica, acutiuscula ; suiura simplice, levissime crenulata ;

anfr. 73, modice convevis, ultimo 2 longitudinis vix formante,

rotundato ; apertura obliqua, sinuato-ovali ; plica columellari me-

diana, lamineformi, subtransversa ; perist. simplice, recto, acuto,

margine columellari dilatato, reflero, subadnato.

Long. 21, diam. 113 mill.

f. Castanea, fascia mediana et basi lutescentibus, spira minus

elongata.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

18. A. Fustrormis, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 18.) A. testa imper-

Fforata, fusiformi-oblonga, tenuiuscula, striatula, saturate fusca,

pallide conspersa et oblique lineolata ; spira convexo-conica, apice

nigra, acuta; sutura simplice ; anfr. 7, vie convexiusculis, ultimo

2 longitudinis formante, basi attenuato ; apertura obliqua, ellip-

soidea; plica columeilari levi, compressa, subduplicata; perist.

simplice, recto, margine dextro regulariter arcuato, columellari

anguste adnato.

Long. 14, diam. 62 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

Sect. ACHATINELLASTRUM, Pfr. in Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 133.

19. A. napus, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 19.) A. testa imperforata,

dextrorsa, turrita, solida, scrideel nitidula, albida, Sasciis griseo-

carneis et interdum lineis castaneis cingulata ; spira elongato-

conica, apice alba, acuia; sutura distincte marginata ; anfr. 64,

superis planis, sequentibus convewviusculis, ultimo % longitudinis

subequante, rotundato ; apertura diagonali, truncato-auriformi ;

plica columeliari supera, mediocri, leviter torta; perist. intus

labiato, margine dextro recto, columellari subdilatato, adnato.

Long. 193, diam. 103 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

20. A. venTRosa, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 20.) A. testa imper-

forata, ovato-conica, solidula, striata, alba, deorsum epidermide

fulva, nigro-strigata vestita ; spira conica, obtusa ; anfr. 53,

inflatis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi rotundato ; apertura fere

diagonali, late auriformi, intus alba; plica columellari crassa,

dentiformi ; perist. intus labiato, margine deatro recto, substricte

descendente, leviter antrorsum arcuato, columellari brevi, adnato.

Long. 173, diam. ]1 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Dr. Newcomb).

21. A. putcueua, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 2.) 4. testa imper-

forata, ovato-conica, sublevigata, nitida, fulva, fasciis nigro-

viridibus et interdum fascia mediana alba ornata ; spira conica,

versus apicem acutum attenuata, alba, sutura filomarginata ; anfr.

53, convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, rotundato ;

apertura fere diagonali, subtetragono, auriformi ; plica columellari

supera, dentiformi, valida; perist. intus valide labiato, margine

dextro recto, strictiusculo, columellari reflexo, subadnato.

Long. 154, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

22. A. eraciuis, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 22.) A. testa imper-

forata, gracili, turrita, solidula, sublevigata, alba, fusco bifas-

ciata ; spira elongata, regulariter attenuata, apice obtusula ; sutura

simplice ; anfr. 8, planiusculis, ultimo + longitudinis fere equante,

basi rotundato ; apertura subverticali, sinuato-ovali ; plica colu-

mellari mediana, subcompressa ; perist. simplice, margine dextro

recto, leviter arcuato, columellari dilatato, adnato.

Long. 14, diam. 5} mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Dr. Newcomb).

23. A. crassipeNTATA, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 23.) A. testa

imperforata, sinistrorsa, solidula, striatula, parum nitida, alba,

fasciis nonnullis luteis ornata, interdum basi virenti-lutea; spira

conica, apice obtusula; sutura marginata; anfr. 53, convexius-

culis, ultimo % longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; apertura

diagonali, sinuato-semiovali; plica columellari supera, crassissima,

dentiformi ; perist. simplice, margine externo acuto, leviter arcuato,

columellari brevi, angusto.

Long. 20, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

24. A.vauipa, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 24.) A. testa imperforata,

dextrorsa (rarius sinistrorsa), ovato-conica, solida, sublevigata,

cinereo-fusca, pallide subfasciata et nigro strigatula ; spira elevata,

conica, apice fusca, acuia ; sutura marginata, alba; anfr. 6, pri-

mis 3 planis, sequentibus convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis sub-

@quante, inflato; apertura obliqua, truncato-auriformi; plica

columellari supera, nodiformi, parum torta ; perist. fusco limbato,

margine dextro subrecto, strictiusculo, columellari dilatato, ap-

presso.

Long. 214, diam. 13 mill.

B. Nigra, pallide interrupte lineolata vel fasciata.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

25. A. auososa, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 25.) A. testa subimper-

forata, dextrorsa, conico-globosa, tenuiuscula, striatula, alba, lineis

fuscis cingulata; spira brevi, convexiusculo-conica, subacuta ;

sutura levi, submarginata; anfr. 5, modice convexis, ultimo ven-

troso, spiram subequante, basi fusco; apertura obliqua, subtetra-

gono-ovali, intus margaritacea ; plica columellari levi, vie torta ;

perist. acuto, fusco-limbato, intus albo-sublabiato, margine colu-

mellari incrassato, subadnato.

Long. 17, diam. 11} mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

26. A. conspersa, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 26.) A. testa imper-

forata, dextrorsa, conico-ovata, tenuiuscula, conferte striata, satu-

rate fusca, maculis sordide albidis, strigas angulosas formantibus

conspersa ; spira convexo-conica, apice acuta; sutura simplice ;

anfr. 6, superis planiusculis, penultimo conveviore, ultimo 3 longi-

tudinis subequante, rotundato ; apertura parum obliqua, sinuato-

elliptica ; plica columellari subbasali, compressa ; perist. simplice,

recto, margine columellari nullo.

Long. 18, diam. 103 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Frick).

Sect. Lasrevua, Pfr. in Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 142.

27. A. penTata, Pfr. (Pl. XXX. fig. 27.) A. testa imperfo-

rata, conico-ovata, solida, striatula, nitida, sub epidermide fulvida

alba; spira conica, obtusa; anfr. 7, planiusculis, ultimo } longi-

tudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; apertura fere verticali, sub-

rhombea, basi angulata; plica columellari profunda, compressa ;

perist. albo-calloso, marginibus callo junctis, dextro recto, medio

introrsum unidentato ; columellari dilatato, adnato.

Long. 12, diam. 52 mill.

Hab. In insulis Sandwich (Dr. Newcomb).

2. Descriptions or Nine New Species or LAND-SHELLS, IN

THE COLLECTION oF H. Cumrine, Esa. By Dr. L. Pretrrer.

1. Buuimus vativaseis, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, succinoidea,

tenui, longitudinaliter subgranulato-rugulosa, flavida, strigis

angulatis, castaneis subtessellata, vel ad suturam interrupte

fasciata; spira brevi, conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 4, rapide ac-

crescentibus, vix convexiusculis, ultimo fere + longitudinis for-

mante ; columella ad apicem spire aperta; apertura subverti-

cali, acuminato-ovali, intus margaritacea ; perist. late expanso

et reflexiusculo, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari ar-

cuato, calloso, albo.

Long. 49, diam. 26 mill.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

2. Butimus Srraneet, Pfr. B. testa subcompresse umbilicata,

Susiformi-oblonga, tenuiuscula, striata et striis spiralibus levis-

sime decussata, fulvida, ad suturam crenulatam albo-fasciata ;

spira elevato-conica, apice obtusa; anfr. 5, vix convexiusculis,

ultimo spiram superante, antice breviter arcuatim ascendente,

basi attenuato; apertura vi obliqua, elongato-ovali, intus vitel-

lina, nitida ; columella alba, longe plicata ; perist. albo, subin~

crassato, margine dextro expanso et reflexo, superne arcuato,

tum strictiusculo, columellari dilatato, plano, patente.

Long. 46, diam. 17 mill.

Hab. Eddystone Island, Australian Seas.

3. Butimus Eppystonensis, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovato-

conica, tenuiuscula, confertim striata et suboblique malleata,

sericea, saturate castanea; spira exacte conica, apice acuta ;

sutura levi, subcrenata; anfr. 6, convexiusculis, ultimo spira

paulo longiore, basi rotundato; columella tenui, subplicata,

recedente, aurantiaca; apertura parum obliqua, subangulato-

ovali, intus margaritacea, virenti-livida ; perist. simplice, vir

expansiusculo, obtuso, sordide aurantiaco, margine columellari

via dilatato.

Long. 74, diam. 34 mill.

Hab. Eddystone Island, Australian Seas.

4. Butimus srenirer, Pfr. B. testa perforata, subfusiformi-

oblonga, tenui, confertim et leviter plicato-striata, albida, strigis

spadiceis serratis irregulariter signata; spira inflato-conica,

acutiuscula; anfr. 6, superis planiusculis, penultimo convexo,

ultimo spiram subequante, basi attenuato; columella torta,

recedente ; apertura vix obliqua, oblonga ; perist. simplice, mar-

gine dextro sublate exwpanso, columellari dilatato, abrupte

reflexo, patente.

Long. 33, diam. 132 mill.

Hab. Venezuela?

5. Butimus ceratacme, Pfr. B. testa profunde et anguste

rimata, subfusiformi-oblonga, solidula, trregulariter striatula,

parum nitente, carneo-albida; spira elongata, apice cornea,

obtusula ; anfr.73, parum convexis, medianis remote et obsolete

corneo-strigatis, ultimo + longitudinis via superante, basi sub-

attenuato ; columella recedente, leviter plicata; apertura vix

obliqua, oblongo-ovali; perist. acuto, intus sublabiato, margi-

nibus approximatis, callo tenui junctis, dextro expanso, superne

arcuato, columellari patente.

Long. 183, diam. 6 mill. °

Hab. Peru?

6. Butimus pereGrinus, Pfr. B. testa perforata, subfusi-

Sormi-turrita, solidiuscula, striatula, cerea; spira convexo-

turrita, apice obtusula; sutura subcrenulata; anfr. 83, vir

convexiusculis, ultimo + longitudinis subequante, basi subcom-

presso; apertura obliqua, oblonga, utrinque angulata ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus conniventibus, dextro arcuato, colu-

mellari fere stricto, a basi aperture dilatato, patente, planato.

Long. 18, diam. 52 mill.

Hab. ——?

7. SPIRAXIS MANDARINA, Pfr. Sp. testa imperforata, cylin-

draceo-turrita, solidula, levigata, nitida, lutescenti-cerea; spira

elongata, apice attenuata, obtusa; sutura submarginata ; anfr.

8, primis rotundatis, sequentibus modice convewis, ultimo + longi-

tudinis subequante, basi rotundato; columella callosa, torta,

subduplicata; apertura obliqua, elliptico-ovali ; perist. simplice,

recto, margine dextro superne antrorsum arcuato.

Long. 23, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. China.

Allied to Achatina erecta, Bens., which is also a Spiraxis. Acha-

tina Dunkeri, Pir. must likewise be transferred to the same genus.

8. Pupa (ENNEA) opovata, Pfr. P. testa breviter arcuato-

rimata, obovata, tenui, levigata, hyalina; spira ventrosa, sur-

sum turgida, obtusa; sutura lineari-marginata ; anfr.7, primis

4 convewis, sequentibus subplanis, ultimo 4 longitudinis vir

attingente, attenuato, basi compresso, latere dextro scrobicu-

lato; apertura verticali, subtriangulari, plica profunda colu-

mellari, lamina valida, intrante ad angulum parietis, denticulis

2 marginis dextri et singulo subbasali coarctata; perist. albo,

breviter expanso.

Long. 6, diam. supra medium 3 mill.

Hab. Liberia.

9. Pupa (ENnra) Ceyxanica, Pfr. P. testa breviter rimata,

subcylindrica, striatula, pellucida, nitida, lutescenti-hyalina ;

spira versus apicem obtusum vix attenuata; sutura sub lente

regulariter denticulata ; anfr. 84, convexis, ultimo ¢ longitu-

dinis non attingente, latere constricto et antice profunde scro-

biculato, basi gibbo; apertura subverticali, truncato- oblonga,

plica profunda columellari, plica lamineformi juxta angulum

parietis, dente valido in medio marginis dextri et minore basali

coarctata ; perist. albo, nitido, reflexiusculo.

Long. 62, diam. 2 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (EZ. L. Layard).

3. Notice or THE Horns oF AN UNRECORDED SPECIES OF

PronG Horn (ANTILOCAPRA), IN THE COLLECTION OF THE

Drrsy Museum, Liverroou. By Dr. Jonn Epwarp Gray,

F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. evc.

Some years ago the late Earl of Derby showed me a pair of horns

attached together by the skin of the forehead, which he had then

recently received; and more lately, Mr. Moore, the Keeper of the

Derby Museum, submitted these horns to my examination, requesting

my opinion on them. At his request I bring a short notice of them

before the Society, in hopes to obtain further information respecting

them, and a specimen of the animal itself, should it prove to be a

distinct species of the anomalous American Antelope. The horns are

most probably from America ; but this is not certam, as the special

locality has not been recorded, nor the person from whom they were

obtained.

The colour, substance, and texture of the hair on the skin of the

forehead attached to the horns, exactly resembles that of the Cabrit or

Prong-horn (Antilocapra Americana, Gray, Cat. Mam. B.M. p. 117),

and if it were not for the very peculiar form of these horns, I should

have been inclined to have considered them as only the deformed

horns of that animal; but both the horns are alike and have the same

peculiarities, which is not usual in malformations; under these cir-

cumstances it appears better to regard them provisionally as belonging

to a distinct species, to be established or erased from the list as further

knowledge may decide.

There can be no doubt of the position of the horns, as a part

of the upper surface of the orbit is to be observed, with the remains

of the eyelids and eyebrows at the base of the left horn.

Fig. 1. Antilocapra Americana. Fig. 2. Antilocapra anteflexa.

ANTILOCAPRA ANTEFLEXA.

The horns compressed, dark brown, rugose, rounded and curved

and arched behind, compressed in front, becoming more so as they

reach the supra-medial frontal process. The apex subtrigonal,

evidently compressed and angularly bent forwards rather above the

compressed frontal process, with a deep furrow rather on the inner

side of the middle of the hinder upper part of the bend; the inner

edge of the recurved tip is rounded, the outer compressed, rather

produced and sharp-edged ; the extreme tip is roundish, tapering, with

a white end. They are considerably larger than the horns of the

usual species.

In the Cabrit or Antilocapra Americana, the horns are thick,

rounded on each edge and produced into a compressed submedial

frontal process, which is gradually bent towards the inner side. The

tips of the horns are rounded, becoming nearly cylindrical, and

are gradually and regularly arched backwards and inwards with a

bluntish extreme end.

The horns of the genus are peculiar for being lined internally with

a close velvety coat of short hair, directed towards the tip of the

cavity; and the whole outer surface of the horn appears to be formed

of agglutinated hair, some separate hairs being seen on the surface.

The peculiarity in the internal structure of the substance of the

horns of this genus shows, like the branched external form, a simi-

larity to the horns of the Deer; the hairy horn being the analogue

of the deciduous velvet of the Deer, and the permanent hairy coat of

the Giraffe. The ring of hair round the base of the outer surface is

to be observed equally developed in the horn from Lord Derby’s

Collection and in that of the common Prongbuck.

4. ON THE Genus CuLICIvVoRA or SWAINSON, AND ITS COM-

PONENT SPECIES. By Puitip Lutiey Scuater, M.A., F.Z.S.

The genus Culicivora (as established by Mr. Swainson in the

Zoological Journal for 1827) has the Muscicapa stenura of Temminck

for its type, but embraces also the Muscicapa cerulea of Wilson and

its affines. Now these birds belong in reality to two very different

groups; the M. stenura being a Tyrannine, while the M. cerulea

can hardly be placed within the limits of that family, but must be

arranged either with the old-world Muscicapines (as in Bonaparte’s

Conspectus) or with the Sylvians (as in Gray’s Genera of Birds).

Dr. Cabanis in his Ornithologische Notizen, in Wiegmann’s Archiv,

has rightly separated these two forms, but has unfortunately chosen

to call the M. cerulea and its allies Culicivora, and made a new name

Hapalura for the M. stenura—the true Culicivora of Swainson.

Under these circumstances Hapalura is a mere useless synonym

of Culicivora, Sw., and a new name is required for the group con-

taining M. cerulea, and commonly known as Culicivora. I therefore

propose for it the term Polioptila, from the general grey colouring

of the plumage.

The species of this genus that I am at present acquainted with are

the following :—

1. Poxioprita CHRULEA (Linn.).

Motacilla cerulea, Linn. Muscicapa cerulea, Wils. Am. Orn. ii.

p- 164. pl. 18. fig. 5; Audub. pl. 84 3 & 9.

3 Ceruleo-cinerea, fronte et superciliis nigris: subtus cerules-

centi-alba, rectricibus extimis albis.

$ Mari similis, sed linea superciliari et frontali nulla.

Hab. United States, Texas, and Mexico.

I cannot discover how the Culicivora mexicana, Bp. Consp. p. 316

(of which I have examined the type in the Berlin Museum), differs

from this species. It appears to me to be merely a female of the

present bird.

2. PoLiopTiILa puMmicoLa (Vieill.).

El Contra-maestre azuladillo, Azara, no. 158, unde Sylvia dumi-

cola, Vieill. C. dumicola, @ Orb. Voy. Ois. p. 331. C. boliviana,

Sclater, in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 34. pl. 47.

3 Supra plumbea: fronte et genis nigris: subtus plumbescenti-

alba, ventre et rectricibus utrinque extimis albis.

9 Fronte et regione auriculart plumbeis concoloribus.

Hab. Paraguay (Azara); Corrientes and Buenos Ayres in the

Argentine Republic, and Chiquitos and Moxos in Bolivia (d’Orb.).

D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye in their Synopsis in the Magazin de

Zoologie, Hartlaub in his Index to Azara, and Bonaparte in his Con-

spectus, have all more or less confounded the synonyms of this species

with those of the next ; mdeed the latter author has united all the

synonyms under one head, and I was thus led into the error of de-

scribing the present bird as new. It is without doubt however the

Azuladillo of Azara, and consequently must bear the specific name

‘dumicola’ of Vieillot. Lichtenstein’s nanie ‘divittata’ belongs to the

next species, though the above-mentioned authors have quoted it as

synonymous with this.

3. PoLiopTiLa LEUCOGASTRA (Max.).

Pl. Enl. 704. fig. 1, unde Motacilla cerulea, var. 3. Gm. Sylvia

leucogastra, Max. Beit. iti. 710. SS. d¢vittata, Licht. in Mus. Berol.

C. atricapilla, Sw. Zool. Ml. nu. s. pl. 57. C. leucogastra, Gray’s

Gen. ? C. dumicola, Bp. Consp. p. 316.

& Cinerea, pileo nigro: subtus alba, rectricibus utrinque eatimis

albis.

2 Pileo concolore cinereo.

Hab. Brazil; Bahia (Pr. Max.); Monte Video (Mus. Berol.) ;

Cayenne (Buffon): New Grenada.

This species is described by Prince C. L. Bonaparte in his Con-

spectus as C. dumicola, from which it may be easily distinguished by

its black head..

4, PoLiopTiLa BILINEATA (Licht.).

Sylvia bilineata, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Culicivora bilineata, Bp.

Consp. p. 316.

3 Supra plumbea, pileo nigro: loris superciliis et corpore subtus

albis : primartis anguste cinereo, secondariis latius albo mar-

ginatis : rectricibus extimis apice albis.

9 Pileo concolore plumbeo: superciliis albis.

Hab. Cartagena (Mus. Berol.).

The type-specimens in the Berlin Museum are the only examples

I have seen of this species; which may be at once distinguished from

all the preceding by its white superciliary stripe.

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5. REMARKS ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE JacAMARS (GAL-

BULID#), WITH Descriptions or some New Species.

By Puture Lutuey Scuarer, M.A., F.Z.S.

(Aves, Pl. LXXVII.)

Since I wrote some articles on the Galbulide, which appeared in

Sir William Jardine’s Contributions to Ornithology, and the little

Synopsis of the family afterwards printed apart, I have lost no op-

portunity of examining specimens of these birds in several museums

which I have visited. In so doing I have acquired some additional

information concerning them, which I now purpose bringing before

the Society, together with characters of what I believe to be three

hitherto unrecognized species.

Genus 1. GALBULA.

1. viridis, Lath. Synopsis of the Galbulide, p. 2. sp. 1.

Dr. Cabanis, in his article upon these birds in Ersch and Gruber’s

Encyclopiadie, calls the Amazon specimens true ‘viridis,’ and sepa-

rates the Cayenne and Guiana bird from them, under Swainson’s title

‘viridicauda.’ I cannot myself discover much difference between

them. Prince C. L. Bonaparte quotes as a species ‘guadricolor,’ Ver-

reaux, a MS. name for which no specific characters have been pub-

lished. A specimen so labelled in the British Museum is from Peru,

but seems to me barely separable from G. viridis.

2. rufoviridis, Cab. Enc. d. W. u. K. vol. lii. sect. 1. p. 308.

G. maculicauda, Synopsis, p. 2. sp. 2.

Dr. Cabanis’ name has, I believe, a few months’ precedence in

point of date over my ‘ maculicauda,’ and must therefore be used for

this species. As additional localities, I have now: River Tocantins,

Brazil (Mr. Wallace), and Bolivia (Bridges, in Mus. Brit.).

3. melanogenia, Sclater. Synopsis, p. 3. sp. 3.

I have since seen other specimens of this species, both male and

female, all from Central America.

4. ruficauda, Cuv. Synopsis, p. 3. sp. 4.

Add, as localities: Tobago (Kirk) ; Cumana (Dyson) ; Cartagena

(Mus. Berol.).

These four species are, as I have already remarked (Cont. to Orn.

1852, p. 93), very closely allied to one another, but may be distin-

guished by the colouring of the rectrices. They are not, however,

placed together in Prince C. L. Bonaparte’s arrangement in his

Conspectus Zygodactylorum.

5. tombacea, Spix (cyanescens, Deville).

From the Upper Amazon and eastern provinces of Peru.

6. GALBULA FUSCICAPILLA, Sclater, sp. nov. (Pl. LXXVII.)

$ Lete viridis ; fronte et pileo summo fuscis : nucha paululum

cyanescente : mento albido : ventre crissoque intense castaneis :

rectricibus extimis rufis, quatuor mediis supra viridibus dorso

concoloribus. Long. tota 8-0, alee 3:0, caudee 3°5.

9 Ventre valde dilutiore.

Hab. In Nova Grenada, Bogota.

I have hitherto confounded this species with the G. tombacea, but

the examination of several examples of the latter bird in the conti-

nental museums has convinced me that they are quite distinct, the

tombacea presenting no appearance of the fuscous crown which di-

stinguishes this species. In one of my specimens, apparently the most

adult, the green descends much lower down than in others I have

seen. ‘The two outer rectrices of this bird are, as is usual in this

genus, abnormally small. The first outer normal pair are rufous,

tipped and externally edged with green. This green is blackish

below, but above vivid as the back. The next two pair are wholly

rufous. The middle four are vivid green above, and blackish-green

below; the submedial pair having some rufous colouring inwardly

towards the base.

7. albirostris, Latham. Synopsis, p. 5. sp. 6.

8. chaleocephala, Deville. Synopsis, p. 5. sp. 7.

Thave lately seen many specimens ¢ and ¢? of this species. The

male has a white bar on the throat, as in G. albirostris, with which

it is certainly very closely allied. In his ‘Conspectus Zygodacty-

lorum,’ Prince C. L. Bonaparte unites this species with G. leuco-

gastra, with which it has nothing to do. In the ‘Conspectus

Anisodactylorum,’ the origin of this error is attributed to an opinion

of mine that they were identical (!), which however I never either

expressed or entertained.

9. cyanicollis, Cassin. Synopsis, p. 6. sp. 8.

Specimens of this bird in the Berlin Museum,—the types of G.

cyanopogon, Cab.,—are from Cameta, which is on the south of the

Amazon, in the province of Para. The female is pale rufous below,

instead of chestnut-red.

10. leucogastra, Vieill. Synopsis, p. 6. sp. 9.

11. chalcothoraz, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 110.

From Quixos in Ecuador.

Genus 2. Urocaxsa, Bp.

1. paradisea (Linn.). Synopsis, p. 8. sp. 11.

2. UROGALBA AMAZONUM, Sclater, sp. nov.

U. purpurascenti-nigra: alis caudaque et hujus tectricibus supe-

rioribus @neis: mento nigrescente, gutture late albo: pileo

antico albescenti-fusco : rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota 13-0, alee 3°8, caudze 6°5.

Hab. In Brasil. Boreali, Para, et fl. Amazonum.

Obs. Similis U. paradisee, sed major et pileo antico albescente

fusco.

It is not without hesitation that I separate this bird from the

former. I have seen many examples of it from North Brazil, and

have always remarked that they differ from the Cayenne U. paradisea

in size and in the whiteness of the forehead. Mr. Wallace brought

specimens from the neighbourhood of Para, whence I believe came

also my type, which I purchased in Hamburgh. I may remark

that there are many other corresponding species of birds in Cayenne

and Brazil, of which the distinctness is generally admitted (such as

Pteroglossus aracari and Wiedi, Caryothraustes cayanensis and brasi-

liensis, and Piprites chlorion and chloris), which depend upon differ-

ences similar to, or perhaps less than, those between Urogalba

paradisea and U. amazonum.

Genus 3. BracuyGaxsa, Bp.

1. tnornata, Sclater, Synopsis, p. 7. sp.10. Brachygalba albi-

ventris, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygodact., nec Cuv.

To the localities add: Quixos in rep. Equat. (Sir W. Jardine), and

Angostura on the Orinoco (Mus. Kiliens.).

The female has the belly rufous instead of white. This species is

certainly not the albiventer of Cuvier, that name having been applied

by him to Le Vaillant’s figure, Supp. H. (cited by Cuvier, insuffi-

ciently perhaps, but not incorrectly, by the number of the page, 46),

and consequently a synonym of Vieillot’s Jewcogastra, as placed by

me in my Synopsis (see Cuvier’s Régn. An. (1829) i. p. 448). I

had supposed G. albigularis of Spix, and not this species, to be the

type of Brachygalba, Bp., because it stood first in the list. When

the creator of a genus gives neither generic characters nor type, the

only rule to go by is to take the first species given as the type species.

2. BRACHYGALBA MELANOSTERNA, Sclater, Sp. nov.

Supra mgricanti-fusca ; subtus nigra; mento albido: ventre medio

albo: alis caudaque enescentibus : rostro albo.

Hab. Goyaz in imp. Brasiliensi (Behn); Guarayos in Bolivia

(d@Orb.)?

T observed a specimen of this species in the collection of Professor

Behn, at Kiel. It closely resembles the preceding, but has the

breast quite black and the bill white. It was brought by the owner

from the province of Goyaz, in the interior of Brazil. D’Orbigny’s

specimen, mentioned in my Synopsis, page 7, probably also belongs

to this species.

I have nothing further to say concerning Jacamaraleyon and Jaca-

merops. The Galbuloides Boersi is probably a fictitious bird. Spe-

cimens of Galbaleyrhynchus in the Paris Museum were brought by

MM. Castelnau and Deville from Pebas, on the Upper Amazon ; and

one of these birds, in the collection of Herr Kalckmann of Ham-

burgh, was procured in the neighbourhood of Pernambuco in Brazil.

Excluding therefore the Galbuloides, we have at present no less

than twenty species of the family Galbulide, all inhabiting the tro-

pical portions of South America.

of the

of Rio and S. Paolo.

species attains its greatest development.

GALBULIDARUM TABULA GEOGRAPHICA.

One only of these birds is found

outside the Isthmus of Panama, and none occur on the western side

Andean range. Azara includes none among the birds of

Paraguay, and two only range so far south as the Brazilian provinces

The true home of these birds seems to be the

hot, low forests of Guiana and the Amazons, where the number of

3 = rs] ze

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A Geer eelelic

5 = |e co) he

GaALBULA.

L. Virtdis cocesesecccseensee{eee|eeleeelene | |e. HP] eeeleeleoeleee

Qe TUfOVviridis ccaetircese.|e0o|ees Bec] ae Ged Gi : woleee]| [oe |

3. melanogenia .....6+4.] ¥ [eve seelanslere wes [ecole wee :

4. ruficauda ....escseeefere 0) FR] K Jeee ode te eeeleee

6. fuscicapillu es es. | are | OE Sd eral raie tshala sreleeeleeeleeeieeelecs|ene/en

Te GUOUTOSETIS. cescvece. soolecelecslecs[eoe * * Palace ais o nisin] chee oss

8. chalcocephala ......... se bt # |ovaloaclavalere

Q. cyanicollis ......seccee|-sefeeelerelees pact tt laer cal Be

10. leucogastra — ....s.00.|ee+|ere|oes vos] [oe] F level sseleee|eeelevelaeelers

11. chalcothorax ....60...|+++|++|eee]- osloeelos * aps

URoGALBA.

12. paradisea ........6. se|neeleoe| ee * |eccleee o|sealeeeleecloaeler

13. amazonum ........ ee BA paal ee peal Sol cel een|eaclens|asalemel oceans

BracHYGALBA

14. inornata ...........00e aleceloee |eveleeeleee| KI, te eons

15. melanosterna ...... ba coclecclecslecelece eee] * «|

JACAMARALCYON.

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17. lugubris ...... Spsadsane|laec leaslewslnne Beil see| swol een Weal fsclaes| ceatse

JACAMEROPS. |

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19. Isidori ...... Bae once pels eralicrg asia pee eicstede Kile dalliaes Ab

GALBALCYRHYNCHUS.

20. leucotis ...... Scoeoh ase Beale Mesleme lesa iE [sk ase | wee EBA boc

“Gams H AHNYV Sod

Tuzy'q894 79 POT

WHT ProTH)

AX em SZ. te

January 23, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Notice or tHe Horns AnD SKULL OF THE ARNEE.

By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., P.B.S., V.P.Z.S. etc.

(Mammalia, Pl. XL.)

Colonel James Matthie has lately presented to the British Mu-

seum the skull and horns of an Arnee or Buffalo, killed by him near

Fezpoor, Central Assam, on the 8th of April, 1842.

The horns are of a very large size, as proved by the accompanying

measurement, being nearly as large as the separate horns without a

skull, in the British Museum, which formerly formed part of Sir

Hans Sloane’s Collections, and were described and figured by him

in the Philosophical Transactions for 1727, no. 397, p. 222, f. 23.

These horns are 78 inches, or 6 feet 6 inches long.

The dimensions of Colonel Matthie’s specimen are as follows,

according to his measurement.

ft. in.

* Length of the skull frém occiput to nose ........ 2 4

Length of the horns round the outside of them and

BET ORM SG ive TOTCN PRM: cen oe ania ile nd cle ome cone 12 2

Length of line from tip to tip of the horns........ ls,

Circumference of right horn at base ............ 1 84%

5 » left horn at base.............. [ha ite,

Width nerost the forehead. os... on op ne souls es os 0 11

“The horns do not exactly correspond in length and shape.”

The occipital portion of the skull is very much developed, to give

enlarged attachment to the muscles of the neck for the support of

the horns.

I may observe, that the Arnee of Anderson, Bee, 1792 (the Bos

arne of Kerr, ‘ Animal Kingdom,’ 336. t. 295, copied into ‘ Shaw,

Zoology, iv. p.400, t. 210) is only a large horned variety of the

common Buffalo, with horns nearly regularly curved from the base.

The horns presented by Colonel Matthie, on the other hand, are

nearly straight for great part of their length, and only curved at the

end. In this respect they agree with the horns in the British Mu-

seum, which Mr. Doyle, whose name is “given to a sort of stuffe

worn in summer,” discovered in a cellar in Wapping, and which he

gave to Sir Hans Sloane for his kindness in attending him in sickness.

These are described by the latter in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions ’

for 1727, no. 397, p. 222. f. 23; and re-described and figured by

Colonel Hamilton Smith as those of Bos Arnee in Griffith, A. K. iv.

t. 201, 5.2543.

Dr. Hook read a lecture on Mr. Doyle’s horns at Gresham College,

and thought they were probably those of the Sukotyro or Sucotaria,

No. CCLXXXV.—Procerpineés or THE ZOOLOGICAL Society.

described by Nieuhoff in his ‘ Voyages and Travels in the East’ as

found in Java. He compares the horns to the tusk of the elephant,

which they somewhat resemble. Dr. Shaw thought otherwise, and

formed a genus for Nieuhoff’s animal, making a figure of it from

his description (see General Zool. 1. 226. t.65). Tlliger considered

it more probably a Babyrusa. See Illiger, Genera Mam. 100.

2. CHARACTERS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS THAMNO-

PHILUS. By Puixtie LutTiey Scuater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. LXXIX—LXXXII.

1. THAMNOPHILUS TRANSANDEANUS.

Supra niger; subtus albus; tectricibus alarum superioribus et

caude inferioribus nigris albo terminatis ; cauda nigra rectri-

cibus duabus utrinque extimis macula parva terminali alba.

Long. tota 8°1, alee 3°7, caude 3:2 poll.

Hab. in rep. Equatoriana, Guyaquil. Mus. Brit.

Obs. Similis Thamnophilo majori, sed tectricibus subcaudalibus

nigris albo terminatis et rectricibus non albo guttatis.

2. THAMNOPHILUS LEUCHAUCHEN. (PI. LXXIX.)

3 Pileo cristato cum lateribus capitis et gutture antico ad me-

dium pectus nigris ; nucha, cervice laterali et corpore subtus

albis; dorso murino-brunneo; alis caudaque nigris albo limbatis ;

rectricis une utrinque extime pogonio externo medio et omnium

apicibus albo maculatis ; rostro et pedibus nigris.

? Crista ferruginea ; subtus ochraceus, gutture ngro striato,

lateribus capitis et nucha ochraceis nigro mixtis.

Long. tota 6°4, alee 2°8, caudze 2°5.

Hab. in Peruy. Orient., Chamicurros. Mus. P.L.S.

Obs. Affinis Th. atricapillo, Vieill., sed rostro minore, lateribus

cervicis et corpore subtus albis neque cinereis, dorso clariore brunneo

et gutturali nigro non in ventrem producto distinguendus.

3. THAMNOPHILUS ALBINUCHALIS.

3 Supra murino-brunneus ; nucha late alba ; dorsi medit pennis

albo mixtis; capite summo cristato nigro ; alis fuscis, tectrici-

bus albo limbatis; cauda nigra, rectricum omnium apicibus et

une utrinque extime margine externo albo maculatis ; subtus

albus ; gutture et pectore antico nigris ; capitis lateribus albo

mixtis.

? Supra brunnescentior, capite et cauda tota rufo-ferruginers ;

nucha et corpore infra ochraceis.

Long. tota 6:5, alee 3°2, caudze 2°5.

Hab. in rep. Equatoriana, Guyaquil et insula Puna. Mus. Brit.

Obs. Species a Thamnophilo atricapillo nucha alba et colore cor-

poris inferi albo nee schistaceo, a Thamnophilo leuchauchene dorso

albo mixto, crassitie majore, et nucha candidiore distinguenda.

THAMNOPHILUS LBUCHAUGHEN | Scdecer

Proc.Z.8. Aves. LXXX.

J. Wolf. lith Mt &N-Heshart Imp*

THAMNOPHILUS MELANONOTUS, Sclater.

THAMNOPHILUS NIGROGINEREUS

Sclater.

M.& N.He

( A2Mie YY SIO SILA AIONWY Hib

4. THAMNOPHILUS MELANONOTUS. (PI. LXXX.)

Niger ; interscapularibus albo mixtis ; dorso postico cinereo ; ab-

domine cinerascenti-albo ; alis nigris albo marginatis; cauda

nigra, rectricibus omnibus apice et extima utrinque laterali

etiam pogonio externo medio albo maculatis ; rostro et pedibus

nigris.

Long. tota 6°5, alee 3:0, caudee 2°5.

Hab. in Nova Grenada, Santa Martha. Mus. P.L.S.

Obs. Affinis Thamnophilo atricapillo, sed dorso nigro.

5. THAMNOPHILUS NIGROCINEREUS. (Pl. LXXXI.)

3 Cinereus, capite toto cum dorso summo et gutture nigris ; in-

terscapularibus basi albis; alis caudaque nigricantibus, albo

limbatis; rectrice una utrinque extima media albo notata ;

rostro et pedibus nigris.

? Rufo-brunnea; gula et ventre medio albescentioribus ; alarum

tectricibus secondariisque et cauda sicut in mari albo notatis.

Long. tota 5°75, alee 3°8, caude 2:4.

Hab. in Brasilia boreali, Para. Mus. Brit. et P.L.S.

Obs. Similis Th. nevio sed multo major ; rostro fortiore et gutture

nigro.

6. THAMNopPHILUS Castus. (Pl. LXXXII.)

Lanius cesius, Cuv. in Mus. Paris.

3 Nigro-plumbeus; pileo cristato gulaque nigris; tectricibus

alaribus anguste albo limbatis; cauda nigricante unicolore ;

rostro pedibusque nigris.

2 Grisescenti-brunnea, crista nigricante ; capitis lateribus, tec-

tricum alarum marginibus et corpore subtus rufis ; rostro nigro,

mandibula inferiore basi et pedibus pallidis.

Long. tota 55, alee 3°25, caudee 2°25.

Hab. in Guiana Britannica. Mus. Parisiensi et P.L.S.

February 13, 1855.

John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following paper was read :—

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEw SPECIES OF CLERID&,

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE BY Mr. WALLACE.

By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S. erc.

(Annulosa, Pl. XX XVIII.)

Having lately submitted to the notice of the Zoological Society a

memoir containing descriptions of fifty new species of Cleride, na-

tives of Asia, Africa and Australia, selected from the cabinets of our

most zealous collectors of exotic Coleoptera, 1 could have had but

little hope of being able in a few months’ time to record the exist-

ence of a number of additional species of the same family, from one

of the same quarters of the globe. Nevertheless, the indefatigable

exertions of Mr. Wallace, who has recently started on a natural-history

excursion to Singapore and the islands of the Eastern Archipelago,

have enabled me to give a supplement, containing not fewer than

twelve new species, to my former memoir, all of which were collected

by that gentleman within a few days after his arrival at Singapore ;

proving how rich must be the harvest which he is likely to reap,

should his health be spared, in that and the adjoining countries.

The species of Cleride which he has sent home furnish us with a

clue to several important points connected with the geographical

distribution of the family in question, belonging as they do exclu-

sively to two genera, Omadius and Stigmatium, which are thus

proved to have their metropolis in that quarter of the world. It is

true that the species now about to be described do not possess the

splendour of many of the Brazilian, or even European species of the

family, their specific distinctions consisting of variations in the mark-

ings of the elytra, which it is almost impossible to describe in words,

and which can only be satisfactorily represented by careful figures.

Some variation in form also occurs in several of the species, and I

have also observed variations in the structure of the antennze in most

of the species beyond what might be regarded as sexual. One of the

species of Omadius is especially distinguished in this respect, from

having several of the central joints of the antennz furnished with

long curved sete, such as I have not elsewhere observed.

Mr. Wallace has not at present supplied any notices of the habits

of the species received by his agent in this, his first consignment ; but

as all the specimens are specifically numbered, I have no doubt that

he possesses notes concerning them with which I hope to be favoured

before this article goes to press.

From the specimen now given an idea may be obtained of the rich-

ness of the collection which Mr. Wallace has already formed. I may

allude, however, to the families Carabide and Anthribide, which

contain many new and remarkable forms, especially among the smaller

species. We may therefore trust, that when he reaches Borneo and

the adjacent islands, we shall receive from thence many very interest-

ing novelties.

Genus Sticmatium, G. R. Gray.

1. Srigmatrum 1¢NAvuM. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 1).

Piceo-ferrugineum, punctatum, undique luteo-griseo sericeum, setis-

que longioribus sparsis vestitum, antennis gracillimis, elytris

punctato-striatis, litera V lutescenti, paullo pone medium disct

notatis, pedibus flavidis, femoribus ante apicem tibtisque pone

medium obscure fasciatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3}.

Hab. apud Singapore.

rroc.4.9./\nnulosa. AAAVIE -

1. Stigmatium ignayum.. i Stigmatium cursor

Lip ene __ torilentim 8. Omadius Ctenostpmoides.

een Ferynm: g = fasciipes

nes granulosum ACG eka -vigilans

5 ambulato lpia Se cehigonnis

9 7

Caput cum oculis latitudine pronoti, nitidum, tenuissime puncta-

tum, sericeum, mandibulis magnis, uncinatis, piceis, nitidis, intus dente

forti medio armatis. Palpi pallide lutescentes, maxillares versus api-

cem magis brunnei. Antenne gracillimze longe setose, fuscze, basi

lutescentes, articulis 4—9 elongatis, e basi ad apicem sensim attenua-

tis, duobus ultimis latioribus, 10 apice subtruncato. Prothorax late-

ribus rotundatis, pone medium latior, disco in medio subcarinato, ca-

rina magis castanea, tenuissime punctatus, sericeus et setosus, ante

apicem constrictus. Elytra ad basin prothorace multo latiora, e

medio ad apicem sensim attenuata, singulo ad basin convexo, punc-

tato-striata, luteo-sericea parum nebulosa, paullo pone medium fascia

angulata lutescenti (literam V referente) maculaque angulata sub-

apicali obscura notata. Corpus infra piceum setosum, abdomine rufo,

segmentis abdominis flavido marginatis. Pedes cum coxis 4 anticis

luteo-albidi, femoribus posticis crassioribus, omnibus ante apicem ob-

scurius fasciatis tibiisque basi et pone medium obscurioribus ; tarsi

brunnei ; oviductus foemine exsertus gracilis, abdomine longior.

2. STIGMATIUM TORULENTUM. (PI. XXXVIII. fig. 2).

Ferrugineum nitidum sericeum, antennis gracilibus nigris, elytris

punctato-striatis, macula obliqua subhumerali, fascia obliqua

submedia (ad suturam interrupta), maculis duabus magnis pone

medium apicibusque nigris, coxis femoribusque albidis, his apice

piceis, tibuis tarsisque castaneis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Hab, apud Singapore.

Caput latitudine prothoracis, obscure ferrugineum nitidum, seri-

ceum ; mandibule nigre acute; palpi lutescentes, maxillares apice

castanei; antennz graciles nigree articulis duobus basalibus pallidis,

articulis elongatis compressis 4—9 versus basin latioribus, ad apicem

sensim attenuatis, duobus ultimis latioribus elongato-ovalibus. Pro-

thorax convexus lateribus rotundatis, paullo pone medium latior,

antice et prope basin constrictus. Elytra elongata, e basi ad medium

lateribus fere parallelis, hinc ad apicem rotundato-attenuatis, ferru-

ginea nitida aureo-sericea striato-punctata, singulo macula marginali

subhumerali, altera magna triangulari submedia in fasciam angulatam,

ad suturam interruptam intus extensa, tertia magna inter medium et

apicem, apiceque ipso nigris.

Corpus infra rufo-piceum, subsericeum, abdomen aurantiacum.

Coxe quatuor anticee cum omnibus femoribus albidis, horum apicibus

piceis ; tibiee et tarsi castanel.

3. StigMATIUM FERVIDUM. (PI. XXXVIII. fig. 3).

Piceo-castaneum, luteo-sericeum, albidoque setosum, antennis graci-

libus pallidis, apicibus paullo obscurioribus ; elytris striato-punc-

tatis obscurioribus, guttis nonnullis sericantibus inter basin et

medium, fascia subrecta transversa pone medium apicibusque

sericeis, pedibus luteo-testaceis femoribus basi pallidioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 3-33.

Hab. apud Singapore.

Caput latitudine prothoracis, tenuissime punctatum, facie et orbitu

oculorum dense albido setosis; mandibule castanez apice nigree; palpi

lutescentes, antennz graciles pallide fulvescentes, articulis apicalibus

paullo obscurioribus, articulis 4-10 basi ovalibus, ad apicem valde

attenuatis, 11mo ovali apice subacuto. Prothorax convexus sericeus

tenuissime punctatus nitidus, lateribus pallidioribus et dense albido-

setosis. Elytra elongata, subparallela, postice rotundata, striato-

punctata, sericea, piceo-castanea, lateribus ante medium paullo ob-

scurioribus, inter basin et medium guttis variis irregularibus fasciaque

subundata pone medium apiceque sericantibus. Corpus infra cas-

taneum punctatissimum; abdomen aurantio-rufum. Pedes pallide

castaneo-fulvi, coxis 4 anticis et femoribus omnibus pallide flaves-

centibus.

4, STIGMATIUM GRANULOSUM. (PI. XXXVIII. fig. 4).

Piceum aureo-sericeum; capite pronoto et parte postica elytrorum

eneis nitidis,elytris dimidio basali punctato-striatis, spatiis inter

puncta granulosis, punctis striarum in parte postica fere oblite-

ratis; maculis, fascia undata pone medium apiceque aureo-

sericeis; pedibus rufis, femoribus posticis apice tarsisque nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 51-72.

Hab. apud Singapore.

Caput prothoracis latitudine, oculis magnis, eeneum nitidum,

vertice et hypostomate longe aureo setosis. Antenne nigre, articulis

duobus basalibus rufis, 3—10 compressis oblongis, e basi fere ad

apicem sensim latioribus, apicali elongato-ovato apice subacuto.

Mandibule nigre ; palpi obscure lutei, maxillares articulo ultimo

piceo. Prothorax zneus nitidus tenuissime punctatus aureo-villosus,

lateribus rotundatis, medio latior, antice et postice constrictus.

Elytra lata, singulo ad basin parum conyexo ; sutura depressa, dimidio

basali rugosa, scil. profunde punctato-striata ; spatiis inter puncta

granulosis ; dimidio apicali multo leviori, macula subquadrata sub-

scutellari, guttis nonnullis ante medium (suturali majore communi) ;

fascia irregulari quasi e guttis tribus angulatis conjunctis formata

apiceque aureo villosis. Metasternum rufum. Pedes cum coxis om-

nibus rufi, apice femorum posticorum tibiisque fuscis. Abdomen

cyaneum, segmenti basalis parte antica media attenuata rufa.

Obs. Individua majora segmentum penultimum abdominis habent

emarginatum et articulos antennarum paullo latiores.

Var. Minor et obscurior absque tinctura zenea, antennisque paullo

latioribus.

5. STIGMATIUM CYLINDRINUM. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 6).

Nigrum nitidum prothorace truncato-ovali luteo villoso, elytrorum

humeris fulvis, fascia tenui angulata ante medium, altera trans-

versa pone medium apiceque albis; abdomine nigro, segmento

basali coxisque omnibus luteis.

Long. corp. lin. 31.

Hab. apud Singapore.

Gracile, subcylindricum, nitidum, subleeve ; capite et prothorace

griseo-sericeis. Caput cum mandibulis parvis nigris, tenuissime punc-

tatum ; antennze nigrze articulo basali piceo, 3-10 compressis subova-

libus, basi parum attenuatis, 1lmo ovali apice attenuato ; palpi pal-

lide lutei; prothorax truncato-ovalis ; antice latior, valde convexus ;

versus apicem transverse subcanaliculatus; canali transversa etiam

basi proxima griseo-setosus. Elytra elongata subcylindrica nigra

nitida, dimidio basali punctato-striata, apicali leevi, humeris vittaque

longitudinali fulvis, fascia tenui obliqua ante medium, altera trans-

versa pone medium apiceque albo-sericeis. Thorax infra castaneus ;

abdominis segmentum basale cum coxis omnibus luteum ; segmenta

reliqua nigra nitida; oviductus feeminze abdomine longior lutescens.

Pedes castanei femoribus basi pallidis, 4 posticis apice obscurioribus ;

tarsis nigris.

6. Strgmatium amMBuLaATor. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 5).

Capite et prothorace castaneis nitidis, aureo-sericeis longe setosis,

antennis gracillimis, articulis tenuibus ; elytris fuscis subeneo-

villosis nebulosis ; pedibus elongatis gracilibus, femoribus pos-

ticis elongato-clavatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Hab. apud Singapore.

Caput castaneum, hypostomate piceo, aureo-villosum, setisque

longis vestitum; mandibulee nigre; antenne fuscze articulis basalibus

pallidis, tenuissime, articulis fere filiformibus et compressis, ultimo

elongato attenuato; oculi magni. Palpi albidi. Prothorax castaneus

aureo-sericeus setisque longis vestitus, lateribus rotundatis, in medio

latior antice et postice vix transversim impressus. LElytra elongata,

fusca sericie tenui subzenea subnebulosa setisque longis vestita, dimi-

dio basali lateribus parallelis, apicali sensim attenuatis; punctato-

striata ; striis ante apicem obliteratis, Corpus infra castaneum.

Pedes preesertim postici elongati graciles, setis longis instructi, femo-

Tribus cum coxis 4 anticis albidis apicibus piceis; posticis elongato-

clavatis ; tibiis 4 anticis castaneo-piceis apice lutescentibus ; tibiis 2

posticis cum tarsis omnibus castaneis.

7. Stigmatium cursor. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 7).

Fusco-luteum, elytris albido nebulosis; oculis maximis, pedibus

longe setosis, femoribus duobus posticis valde incrassatis ; an-

tennis gracilibus, articulo 10 elongato-triangulari, ultimo elon-

gato ovato.

Long. corp. fere lin. 3.

Hab. apud Singapore.

S. ambulatori brevior femoribusque posticis multo crassioribus.

Caput fuscum antice nigrum, luteo setosum, oculis maximis, antice

spatio valde angusto inter se separatis, labro fulvo. Palpi lutei;

antennze fuscze articulo basali fulvo; longe setose, articulis 3-9

versus basin latioribus apice acuminatis, 10mo elongato-trigono, 1 1mo

elongato-ovato. Prothorax piceo-brunneus punctatissimus, capite

vix latior, luteo setosus, versus apicem et basin transversim im-

pressus, lateribus rotundatis, ante medium paullo latior. Elytra

oblonga subparallela, profunde punctato-striata, fusco-lutea, nitida,

sericie albida nebulosis, nebulis fasciam valde irregularem maculosam

ante medium alteraque latiori pone medium formantibus apicibusque

albidis. Pedes brunnei, albido-sericei, setisque longis nigris instruct,

femoribus duobus posticis compressis dilatatis margine postico in

medio nigro. Corpus cum abdomine nigrum.

Genus Omantvs, Laporte.

8. Qmapius cTENosTomoIpEs. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 8).

Niger subcylindricus nitidus, prothorace subeneo, elytris guttis 6

brunneo-albidis suturaque luteo-sericeis, antennis gracilibus,

articulis 9 et 10 sensim latioribus, 11 brunneo apice luteo,

utrinque e medio ad apicem attenuato.

Long. corp. lin. 4-43.

Hab. apud Singapore.

Caput piceum luteo-setosum; oculis magnis; prothorace latius,

clypeus transversus niger, labrum fulvum bilobatum. Maxillee

labium et palpi pallide lutei, horum articulo ultimo piceo. Antennze

piceze, articulo basali brunneo, 9no preecedenti vix latiori, 10mo trian-

gulari latiori, 11mo lato ovato brunneo, e medio ad apicem utrinque

attenuato, dimidio apicali lutescenti-setoso. Prothorax subzeneus

nitidus, levis, elongatus, subcylindricus, capite angustior, versus

apicem et basin transversim, utrinque etiam in medio oblique, im-

pressus. Elytra elongata, subcylindrica, capite paullo latiora, e

basi ad medium punctato-striata; subnitida, nigro setosa, nigra,

humeris piceis, singulo humero late, macula subrotunda media,

alteraque undulata subapicali brunneo-albidis sericeis, suturaque

huteo-sericea. Pedes nigri, nigro setosi, trochanteribus 4 anticis

fulvis, tarsis castaneis. Corpus infra nigrum, abdomine fulvo.

9. Omanius FasciirEs. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 9).

Piceus aureo-sericeus, fascia denudata castanea ante medium,

altera latiori irregulari pone medium, tertiaque subapicali,

omnibus sutura anguste sericea divisis ; pedibus fulvis, femo-

ribus tibiisque in medio late nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 33-5.

Hab. apud Singapore.

O. Kameliano, White (Cat. Cler. Brit. Mus.) magnitudine et sta-

tura zequalis, antennis autem nigris fasciisque elytrorum distinctus.

Caput piceum aureo-setosum, facie infra oculos lutea, clypei apice

piceo; labro luteo; mandibule nigree, palpi pallidi, articulo ultimo

apice obscuriore ; antennee pices, articulis duobus basalibus luteis,

7, 8, 9 et 10 sensim latioribus subtrigonis; ultimo magno compresso

ovali. Prothorax oblongus, e capite ad basin elytrorum sensim an-

gustatus, piceus, sub lente punctatissimus, antice transversim striola-

tus, aureo-sericans, versus caput et basin (hic curvatim) transverse

impressus ; elytra capite latiora depressa, in medio latiora, castaneo-

picea, striato-punctata ; striis fere ad apicem extensis, at pone medium

minus distinctis ; aureo-sericea, fascia irregulari paullo ante medium,

altera latiori paullo pone medium, (lobum semirotundum postice in

singulo elytro emittente, ) maculisque duabus subquadratis subapicali-

bus denudatis ; pedes fulvi, femoribus tibiisque in medio late nigris,

nigredine autem in femoribus 4 anticis infra interrupta. Corpus infra

piceum, abdomine fulvo.

O. modestus, Kliig. Mon. Cler. pl. 1. f. 2, proximus ; differre vide-

tur, autem forma fasciarum elytrorum.

10. Omaprus viertans. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 10).

Nigro-piceus nitidus, aureo sericeus, elytris castaneis sericeis,

Sascia ante medium (e maculis oblongis formata) altera latiori

pone medium tertiaque subapicali denudatis, pedibus fulvis

nigro variegatis.

Long. corp. lin. 64.

Hab. apud Singapore.

O. bifasciato, Lap. proximus.

Caput piceum aureo-sericeum, oculi magni nigri, prothorace

evidenter latiores, labrum pallidum ; palpi lutei apice articuli ultimi

obscuriori ; mandibule nigree, antennz pices articulo basali et di-

midio 2di fulvis; 7—10 trigonis sensim latioribus, magis laxis, 1]mo

basi lato, e medio ad apicem utrinque attenuato; prothorax subcy-

lindricus, versus marginem anticum et basin transversim impressus,

impressione postica curvata; elytra castanea, aureo-sericea, humeris,

fascia ante medium e maculis oblongis quasi formata, altera latiori

paullo pone medium, antice fere recta, postice vero in medio singuli

elytri emarginata, 3tia lata curvata in medio sutura sericea divisa,

denudatis et colore obscurioribus ; striato-punctata, punctis in dimi-

dio basali elytrorum majoribus. Pedes fulvi femoribus in medio

fascia nigra notatis, in 4 anticis subtus interruptis, tibiis omnibus e

basi ultra medium nigris tarsorumque articulis basalibus piceis, coxis

et trochanteribus 4 anticis fulvis, 2 posticis piceis. Corpus infra

piceum, metasterno rufo bimaculato; abdomen rufo-fulvum.

11. Omapius sETIcornis. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 11).

Piceus aureo-sericeus prothorace oculis latiori, antennis in medio

longe setigeris ; elytris basi, fascia angusta media, altera sub-

apieali apiceque flavidis, ad basin granulato-striatis ; pedibus

rufo-castaneis, tarsis nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 63.

Hab. apud Singapore.

Preecedentibus crassior: caput piceum aureo-sericeum, clypeo la-

broque pallidis; mandibule nigree; palpi lutei, apice articuli ultimi

obscuriore; antennze nigree, articulo basali fulvo, 4 et 6 setas longas

curvatas emittentibus, 6-10 sensim majoribus obconicis, ultimo ovali

compresso, apice extremo subattenuato ; prothorax oblongus, antice

capite paullo latior, postice sensim attenuatus, versus marginem anti-

cum et basin transverse impressus, parte antica transverse striolata ;

medio disci linea tenuissima levi elevata; elytra elongata, subde-

pressa in medio latiora: punctato-striata, punctis minutis; inter-

stitiis inter puncta ad basin elytrorum in tubercula parva (in lineas

4 singuli elytri) elevatis; picea, basi anguste pallidiori, fascia tenui

valde irregulari inter basin et medium, altera undulata media, tertia

latiori subapicali apiceque ipso aureo-sericeis ; pedes castanei, tarsis

omnibus, apiceque tibiarum 2 posticarum nigris ; corpus infra piceum,

metasterno late castaneo, abdomine basi luteo.

12. Omapius ciytirormis. (Pl. XXXVIII. fig. 12).

Elongatus subcylindricus obscure piceus aureo subsericeus; capite

postice, apice elytrorum, femoribus basi et infra flavis ; elytris

sericie aurea reticulatis.

Long. corp. lin. 7,

Hab. apud Singapore.

Preecedentibus longior et subcylindricus. Caput cum oculis pro-

thorace latitudine fere sequale, oculi magni fere contigui; occipite

pilis flavis dense obsito, facie griseo-setosa ; palpi pallide lutescentes,

apice fusci. Mandibule nigre; antennz nigre ; articulis 3-10 sen-

sim majoribus triangularibus, 1 1mo magno compresso e basi ad apicem

sensim angustato parum curvato, apice rotundo ; prothorax subcylin-

dricus, parallelus, antice et postice linea transversa impressus, supra

sub lente tenuissime transversim striolatus, subsericeus, sericie aurea

densiore versus angulos anticos: elytra elongata, subcylindrica, picea,

opaca, puncto parvo pallido basali intra humeros apiceque pallido

fulvo-sericeo, disco, preesertim pone medium, lineis tenuibus sericeis

reticulata. Corpus infra nigrum, griseo-setosum; pedes 4 antici

coxis albidis, trochanteribus piceis, femoribus infra pallide flavis,

supra cum tibiis et tarsis piceo-nigris ; pedes 2 postici cum coxis et

trochanteribus nigro-picei, femoribus basi pallide flavis.

February 27, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The Chairman communicated the following extract from a letter

he had received from Francis Brent, Esq. of Folkestone :—-‘ The

fishermen bring into Sandgate, Kent, hundreds of immense Conger

Eels, which they pick up at sea, off Dungeness. Most of them are

dead, but some only nearly so. The frost appears to have destroyed

them. Some of them are very large indeed. On Thursday last

(the 22nd of February 1855), several tons were brought in by the

boats, and sent off to the London markets.’ By the papers it

ee OTe ele Oe ee Po ee Te eee ee

oot we iets Tae aie?

Proc. Z.S. Aves LXXVIUI

1 Pterocles exustus 2.Pterocles qua dricinctus

GHR

C.H Ford a W West amp.

appears, that the Red Mullet and other fish were found dead about

the same time in Southampton Waters.

The following paper was read :—

1. NorrEs on THE Hasits oF somME INDIAN Birps. Pakr VII.

By Lireut. BurGess.

(Aves, Pl. LX XVIII.)

Subfamily PRomERoPID.

Genus Upupa.

Urupra Erors. Hooroe.

In the upper portion of the Deccan the Hoopoe is a common bird,

frequenting gardens and woody spots, and is very partial to sandy

plots of ground, particularly outside the walls of villages. In such

places the sand is perforated with the conical holes of the ant-lion,

and that this is the food sought for by the Hoopoe in these spots, I

discovered on opening the gizzard of one, which was of a very soft

texture, and contained one large grub and two or three ant-lions.

The Hoopoe breeds in the months of April and May, building its

nest in holes in the mud walls which surround towns and villages in

the Deccan. I transcribe a note taken on 7th May 1850 on the

subject : —“‘To-day a man brought me word that about fifteen or

twenty days ago he found a pair of Hoopoes breeding in a hole in

the walls of a town; the nest contained two young birds; it was

composed of grass, hemp, and feathers. The same man tells me

that he has discovered another pair building.” The head man of

the town of Jintee brought me an egg of the Hoopoe, which has un-

fortunately been broken. It was of a very pale blue, or rather skim-

milk colour. He found a nest in a hole in a fort wall; it was made

soft with a few pieces of hemp, and contained three eggs.

Tribe FisstrostREs.

Family Mrrorip.

Genus Mreroprs.

Merops 1npicus. Common InpIAN BEE-EATER.

A common bird in the Deccan, but remarkable for its brilliant

plumage, and active fly-catching habits. It chooses for its perch

the outside twig of a tree, whence it makes its forage amongst the

insect tribes that are brought out by the morning beams. The Bee-

eater breeds during the months of April and May, laying its eggs in

holes in banks. On the 13th May 1850, I found a pair of these

birds breeding in a hole in a bank ; the hole was more than an arm’s

length in depth. At the bottom of it I found three young birds,

one very small, with scarcely any feathers on it; another somewhat

larger, and the third of considerable size and pretty well fledged.

There was no nest.

That birds of this genus migrate, I had a convincing proof when

returning to England in 1852. When about half way between

Bombay and Aden, on the evening of either the 8th or 9th May, a

large flock of Bee-eaters was observed fluttering about the ship,

some three or four of which were caught after dusk, when they had

settled 6n the ropes and shrouds. I obtained three or four for the

purpose of preserving their skins, but in the confusion occasioned by

a shower they were unfortunately thrown overboard. They were

larger than Merops indicus.

Family Hatcyonip2z.

Genus Hatcyon.

HaLcyon SMYRNENSIS.

This and the black and white Kingfishers are the most common of

their tribe in the Deccan, frequenting almost every stream and

nullah. The former breeds during the month of May in holes in

the banks of rivers, laying as many as seven eggs. They are of a

beautiful pinky tinge, owing to the colour of the yolk showing

through the thin delicate shell. The egg is about the size of that of

the little Indian Owl (Noctua indica).

Family CapRIMULGIDZ.

Genus CaPRImuLeus.

Of the eggs of these birds, of which there appear to be several

varieties in India, I merely subjoim a note made by Mr. Jerdon from

Mr. Elhott’s notes. He states, that he once found the eggs of the

common species, two in number, placed on the ground without any

nest. They were pink, spotted with brown.

Family HirunpDINIDz.

Genus CypsEuvus.

CYPSELUS AFFINIS. WHITE-RUMPED SwiIFT*.

I should certainly say that this is a common bird in the Deccan,

about the city of Ahmednuggur. I have seen their nests crowded

together under the roofs of old buildings, choultries and temples,

and obtained the nest and eggs from a rock in the range of hills

about twelve miles from Ahmednuggur, on the road to Aurungabad.

This nest was obtained on 21st September 1849. It was built of

mud and lined with grass, and contained two white eggs. The eggs

are considerably elongated in form.

CypseLus PALMARUM, Hardw. Bawastan Swirt.

This Swift, according to General Hardwicke, builds its nest on the

* This Swift builds twice during the year; I obtained a nest and eggs in

September, and also found a nest with young birds in April.

leaf of the palm. Dr. Jerdon says that it “is common in all the

districts of India, except on the bare table-land.”’ I have, however,

never met with its nest or eggs.

Genus Hirunpo.

Hirvunpo FILIFERA, Stephens.

This very handsome Swallow breeds in old temples and under

projecting stones in wells and banks of streams. On 28th January

1850, I found the nest of this species built in an old well under a large

stone, near the water; the nest was not domed, but open, and the

young ones, three in number, exposed to view. On Ist April 1851,

I took an egg out of a nest of this Swallow; the nest contained

three. The old birds began building about 15th March; the nest

was composed of mud, lined with a few fibrous roots and feathers ;

it was built under a stone in the bank of a stream. The egg is

zoths of an inch in length, by rather more than ;5,ths in width ;

white, spotted with two shades of red-brown, the spots forming a

broken belt round the larger end.

Order Rasores.

Family Pavonipz&.

Genus Pavo.

Pavo cristatus. Common PEAFOWL.

Peafowl abound in the jungles clothing the slopes of the Ghauts,

and in some wooded districts in the interior. In the Deccan, in the

wooded hilly portions of the districts of Jamkhair and Scogao they

were plentiful, and a remarkably pretty sight it was to see them

stalking about near the grain stacks, or running along the bushy

banks of the nullahs. They are wary birds, and lead the sportsman

a good chase when once they take to the low spurs of the hills, up

which they run with incredible swiftness. The best plan to secure

them is to wait for their roosting time, under the trees to which they

resort. Thick mango trees appear to be their favourite resting-places.

Peafowl breed at the end of the monsoon, in the months of September

and October, laying, I am told, from three to five eggs, of a buffy

white colour, 2 inches and nearly ;,ths in length, by 2 inches and

nearly th in width. The nest is said to be composed of grass, and

formed on the ground amongst bushes.

Genus Gaus, Briss.

Gauuius SonnERatiI, Temm.

As I have not been fortunate enough to obtain the eggs of this

jungle fowl, I have again recourse to my friend Dr. Jerdon’s notes.

He says, “I once found the eggs of this fowl, seven in number, on

the ground in dense jungle at the foot of the Neilgherries. They

were of a light pinkish-cream colour.”

Family TeTRAONID.

Genus TeTRao.

Subgenus PrEROCLEs.

PrEROCLES ExuUSTUS. ComMMON WHISTLING GROUSE.

This Grouse is common in the open plains of the Deccan, flying

in flocks, and, as Colonel Sykes has remarked, announces its approach

by its peculiar and piercing cry. I believe that this Grouse breeds

during the greater part of the year. Eggs of this species (I believe)

have been brought to me from the month of December to May.

The Common Whistling Grouse lays three eggs in a slight hollow on

the bare ground, and the colour of the eggs so much assimilates with

that of the sandy ground on which they are laid, that it is very

difficult to find them. The egg sent (Pl. LXXVIII.) is, I believe,

the egg of this species. It measures 1,%ths of an inch in length,

and 1 inch and rather more than ;,th in width, and is of a stone

colour, thickly spotted and blotched with grey and olive-brown. I

have in my collection several eggs of the Sand Grouse, which vary

much in their size and markings.

PrEROCLES QUADRICINCTUS. PAINTED WHISTLING GROUSE.

This handsome Grouse frequents the low stony hills so common in

the Deccan. It is not nearly so common as the last mentioned. I

succeeded in getting two or three pairs, by waiting for them at a

piece of water whither they used to come at dusk to drink. This

Grouse most probably breeds at the same time and lays the same

number of eggs as P. erustus. Many eggs of birds of the sub-

genus Pterocles were brought to me by the people in the districts,

but as they are not generally very accurate observers, and call both

P. exustus and P. quadricinctus by one common name, they could

not tell-me to which they belonged ; but from my own observations,

and the notes of Dr. Jerdon, I believe the egg sent with this paper

is that of P. quadricinctus. Dr. Jerdon says, “I have lately got the

eggs of this species, also very similar to the other, but rather smaller,

and with the spots fewer and larger.”

Genus Perprix.

PERDIX PICTA.

I met with the Painted Partridge in the grassy valleys near and

amongst the Western Ghauts near Nassick, in the thickly planted

and rich gardens, and in one of the districts between the Godavery

and the Bheema rivers. In the latter district the Shikaries brought

me several pairs alive. Its very peculiar cry is heard at a consider-

able distance. When out shooting in a valley amongst the Ghauts,

I saw one calling when perched on the low stump of a tree. Dr.

Jerdon says, “ It breeds during the monsoon, lays six or seven eggs

of a smoky bluish-white colour, of an oval form, much depressed at

the thick end.”

Subgenus FrRANCOLINUS.

FRANCOLINUS PONTICERIANUS. Common PartrinGe of India.

This Partridge is found amongst bushes and underwood, but is

particularly fond of thick grassy hedges round garden plantations.

It is found either singly or in pairs. The Grey Partridge breeds

during the months of February and March, laying its eggs, seven in

number, in grassy spots, hedgerows, and amongst bushes. The egg

is of a rich stone colour, 1 inch and 5,ths in length, by 1 inch

and 5th in width, but they vary considerably in colour and size.

This Partridge is by no means a shy bird, but, on the contrary,

appears to prefer fields and gardens near towns and villages to less

frequented spots. By some it is called the Scavenger Partridge,

but I believe there are no grounds for such a term being applied to

it; its flesh is very fair eating. The crop of one which I shot was

full of bajocce and small seeds.

FRANCOLINUS SPADICEUS. SPUR-FOWL.

I procured a specimen of the Spur-fowl on the Ghauts at Khan-

dalla. It was flushed in a garden, and betook itself to a tree in

which I shot it. Its gizzard contained a quantity of earth, some

small stones, and small brown seeds. I was informed by a Shikarie

that they breed in the months of February and March in thick

jungles, making their nests on the ground or in thick close bushes,

and laying three white eggs.

Subgenus Corurnrx.

I herewith forward an egg, in itself a bad specimen, but the only

one I was able to procure, and which I believe to belong either to

C. dactylisonans, the large grey Quail, or to C. tewtilis (Temm.).

I believe the egg to be that of the latter, as if C. dactylisonans be

identical with the English Quail, the egg should be of a yellowish or

dull orange-coloured white, blotched or speckled with umber-brown,

whereas the egg now sent is of uniform buff, merely spotted and

discoloured by a long exposure to wet.

Corurnix Arcoonpag (Sykes). Rock Quart.

This pretty little Quail, as its name implies, is an inhabitant of

stony hills and bushy sides of streams and nullahs. It lives in

bevies, and is to be met with in company with the grey and black-

breasted Quail. The Rock Quail breeds generally during the months

of November and December, but I have had its eggs brought to me

as late as March, and have procured a young bird well fledged as

early as 20th November. It does not, I believe, lay more than four

eggs, as on three different occasions I have had that number brought

to me, and on a fourth, four young ones just fledged were brought

to me when out quail-shooting. The young were covered with

down, and had the appearance of being powdered. The egg of this

Quail is of a pale buff colour, 1 inch and {5th in length, by =§,ths

of an inch in width.

I take this opportunity of bringing to the notice of the members

of this Society distinguishing marks between the Rock Quail and the

Grey and Black-breasted Quail, and of proposing that the former

species should not be confounded with the two last. The distinguish-

ing marks of the former, the Rock Quail, are the stoutness and depth

of the beak in proportion to its length, the much more rounded form

of the wing, the secondaries and tertials being much more equal in

size with the primaries than those of the Grey and Rain Quail; the

much more defined scaly protection of the legs and feet in the Rock

Quail, and what I believe the most distinguishing mark, the smaller

number of eggs laid by the Rock Quail. I believe that the Grey

and Rain, or Black-breasted Quail, lay eight or nine eggs, the Rock

Quail not more than four.

March 13, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Notes oN THE Hasits oF some INDIAN Birps. Parr VIII.

By Lirzut. BurGeEss.

Family StRUTHIONIDE.

Genus Oris.

Otis nieRicEps (Vigors). BxLack-HEADED Bustarp.

This fine Bustard is found in flocks, varying in size, in the open

plains of the Deccan, preferring the dry grassy and stony grounds

to others. It grows to a large size ; one fine male which I measured

was 7 feet across the wings, and 46 inches from the tip of the beak

to the end of the tail. This Bustard may almost be said to breed

all the year round. I have had an egg brought to me in February,

another on the4th May, containing a young bird. A gentleman on the

Revenue Survey told me that he had seen a young Bustard, covered

with down, in the early part of October. I have had a young bird

brought to me late in November, as well as eggs in November and

December. The female generally lays but one egg. A. F. Davidson,

Esq., Superintendent of the Ahmednuggur Revenue Survey, told

me a curious habit of the male Bustard. He says, ‘‘ About breed-

ing time the male is fond of mounting some elevated spot, and then

strutting about with the tail erected and spread, the wings drooping,

and the pouch in the throat inflated with air, and looking like a

large bladder ; under the hillock where the male was thus displaying

himself were several young ones.’ In corroboration of this, a boy

told me on the 17th May 1850, that about four days previously he had

seen a Bustard, with a white-looking bag hanging below the neck.

I see in Dr. Jerdon’s Catalogue, that he gives an extract from Mr.

Elliot’s notes to this effect ; speaking of the cock Bustard, he says:

** He was strutting about on some high ground, expanding his tail,

ruffling his wings, and distending his neck and throat, making the

feathers stand out like a ruff.” I do not find it recorded that the

large Bustard of Europe (O. tarda) has this habit of showing him-

self off during the breeding season. The egg of the Black-headed

Bustard varies in size ; the one sent with this paper measures 3,3;ths

in. in length, by 2,3,ths in. in width. It also varies in colour ; the

general colour is a brownish olive, dashed with pale brown. One

egg which I had was of a nearly uniform palish blue. The egg now

sent was found in a grassy spot on 18th December. As everything

relating to this noble bird is interesting, I give a description of a

young one brought to me on 28th December 1849. It stood about

10 inches in height ; its beak was of a dirty whitish colour, nostrils

large ; irides clear pale hazel, and eyes very large; back mottled,

very much as in the old birds, as also the wing feathers ; front of

the neck pale yellowish-brown, with a dark streak running down the

sides ; legs dull yellowish-white, feet the same, knee-joints very thick ;

there was down on the neck. This was quite a young bird, very

feeble on its legs, and barely able to stand. The Black-headed

Bustard utters, when frightened, a harsh barking note. Its flight is

like that of the Heron, a steady flight, sustained by the continued

flapping of its large wings.

Oris Aurita (Lath.). Frorixin.

I have not met with the Florikin sufficiently often to allow me to

enter into the argument as to whether the Black Florikin is the male

bird in its breeding plumage, or a distinct species from the common

brown Florikin, but Dr. Jerdon’s arguments in his “ Illustrations of

Indian Ornithology,’ appear conclusive, that the black and brown

are one and the same bird in different states of plumage. But this

point might soon be set at rest, by sportsmen and ornithologists in

India ascertaining whether the black plumaged birds are ever met

with during the cold weather and spring. That the male of the

Little Bustard (Otis tetrax) should to a certain extent assume this

black plumage during the breeding season, affords strong ground for

the supposition that the Black Florikin is the male in his nuptial

dress. The Florikin breeds during the end of the monsoon, laying

three eggs of a dark olive-green colour, spotted and dashed with

light brown, 1,8,ths in. in length, by 1,%,ths in. in width, the greatest

width being about the centre. The egg now sent was procured with

two others early in September. An officer, who was out shooting,

put up a Florikin and killed it, and on going to the spot where she

rose, found three eggs. I had two specimens of the Florikin sent

No. CCLXXXVI.—PrRocEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society.

to me, both males, one in beautiful black plumage on 2nd October,

the other in the brown plumage on the 4th February.

Family CoLuMBIDz.

Genus CoLuMBA.

CotumBa @was. BuiveE Piceon.

This Pigeon is very common in the Deccan, inhabiting holes in

old forts, walls, temples and wells. It breeds during the cold season,

laying two white eggs. Holes and ledges in wells are its favourite

resorts for breeding. The egg measures 1,4>ths in. in length, by] inch

and nearly ;2,ths in width, and is of a clear shining white. An egg is

sent with this paper; it was taken from a well on the 8th December.

Genus TurTuR.

TurturR CAMBAYENSIS.

Of this Dove, Dr. Jerdon says in his notes,—‘* This little dove

abounds over most of India, both in low jungles and near vil-

lages and cantonments, being found, especially towards the north,

in every garden, and frequenting stable-yards, houses, &c.”’ It is, I

believe, the same as the small Dove to which—not knowing that it

had been previously named—I gave the name of the Vinous-necked

Turtle, on account of the colour of its neck. If this be the case, it

breeds during the month of March, building its nest in low bushes,

and laying two white eggs, rather more than ;%ths of an inch in

length, by nearly ;8,ths of an inch in breadth.

TURTUR RISORIA.

This Dove is considerably larger than the last, and is easily dis-

tinguished by the white crescent on its neck, like the Wood Pigeon

of this country. It abounds in every place ; amongst the prickly-

pear hedges and thickets near villages, in groves of babool trees, and

bushes. Its half plaintive, half laughing note, is heard as soon as

it becomes light, and if the trees over your tent happen to be its

resort, it is anything but conducive to sleep. This Turtle breeds

during the cold season, building in low babool trees ; its nest is com-

posed of a few twigs and pieces of grass. It lays two white eggs,

+sths in. in length, by rather more than %ths in width.

Order GRALLATORES.

Family ARDEAD.

Genus Grus.

Subgenus AnrHRoporpss (Vieillot).

Grus Virco. DrmoiseLLE CRANE.

This Crane visits the Deccan during the cold weather, but some-

times remains as late as May. I saw a large flock of them on the

river Seena, near Waterphul, as late as 24th May, and was told that

one had been brought into the cantonments of Ahmednuggur as late

as 12th June, but I never heard of any remaining to breed. It

would be most interesting to find out their breeding haunts, their

manner of nesting, and the number and colour of their eggs. The

greater portion leave the Deccan at the end of March or beginning

of April, and return at the end of November. They feed in the

grain fields, retiring to the larger rivers about ten o’clock, where they

may be seen standing in large flocks in the shallows.

Genus ARDEA.

Subgenus ARDEA.

ARDEA CINEREA (Lath.). Common Herron.

A tolerably common bird in the Deccan, frequenting tanks and

rivers. I found two nests in a tall peepul tree on the 27th February ;

one contained the egg sent with this paper, the other was a nest just

finished, and contained no eggs. This bird is considered, I believe,

to be identical with the English Heron; it most probably therefore

lays four or five eggs, as Mr. Yarrell states that the English Heron

does. The egg is a uniform sea-green colour, 2,4;ths in. in length,

by 1 inch and rather more than ;3,ths in width.

2. An ARRANGEMENT OF THE FAMILIES OF ECHINIDA, WITH

DerscripTions oF somME New GENERA AND SPECIES.

By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.B.S. etc.

MM. Agassiz and Desor have given the generic characters and a

list of the species of Echinida, but do not divide the genera of the

normal division into families. I propose to divide them into the

following groups.

The Echinida acrocystos, or those which have a vertical dorsal

vent, a regular globular body, with an inferior central circular mouth,

armed with conical jaws, furnished with five elongate acute teeth, and

with the ambulacra forming continuous vertical bands from the mouth

to the vent. They may be divided into the following families.

I. Tubercles of spines perforated ; spines elongate ; body circular.

Fam. 1. Ciparip&.

Ambulacra narrow, formed of double pores; interambulacral

plates few, with a single large tubercle ; spines thick, solid.

1. Cidaris. Tessera even-topped.

2. Goniocidaris. 'Tessera bevelled on the edge.—G. pistillaris.

Fam. 2. DiapEMAD.

Ambulacra narrow, of one series of double pores; interambulacral

plates numerous, with two or more rows of tubercles; spines slender,

often tubular.

1. Astropyga. Body depressed ; ambulacral area with very small

crowded tubercles, bearing very thin spines, much smaller than the

interambulacral spines and tubercles; interambulacral area with

smooth bands.

2. Garelia. Body depressed; ambulacral area narrow, with two

or four series of small tubercles, and thin spies; interambulacral

area with oblique series of large tubercles and spines, but without

any smooth band; spines tubular.

3. Diadema. Body globular or subdepressed ; ambulacral, area

with the same sized tubercles and spines as the interambulacral area.

Il. Tubercles imperforated.

Echinide, Gray, 1828.

Fam. 3. ARBACIAD.

Ambulacral area narrow; ambulacra narrow, with a single series

of double pores ; body circular ; spines short, solid.

1. Agarites. Upper surface of the interambulacral area without

tubercles.

2. Arbacia. The upper and lower surface of the interambulacral

area covered with tubercles.

Fam. 4. Hipronoip2.

Ambulacral area as wide as the interambulacral ; ambulacra wide,

formed of three separate vertical rows of double pores. Body cir-

cular ; shell thin.

1. Amblypneustes. Body high; porous zones not quite regular;

mouth small, entire.—A. ovum.

2. Boletia. Body depressed; porous zones regular, inner sepa-

rated by a vertical series of tubercles; mouth very large, with five

deep slits.—B. pileolus.

3. Hipponoé (Gray, 1841). Body swollen; two outer porous

zones regular ; middle one interrupted ; mouth small, slightly cut.—

H. Sardica.

4. Holopneustes. Body swollen; two outer porous zones regular ;

middle one separate or interrupted ; mouth small, entire.—H. poris-

simus.

Fam. 5. Ecuinip#.

Ambulacral area half as wide as the interambulacral area, with

two (or three) close series of double pores, placed in threes ; buccal

membrane naked ; body circular.

A. With angular pores at the junction of the plates.

1. Mespilia. 2. Microcyphus. 3. Salmacis. 4. Temnopleurus.

B. Without any pores at the angles of the plates.

5. Echinus. 6. Psammechinus. 7. Heliocidaris.

Fam. 6. ECHINOMETRAD.

Ambulacral area ouly half as wide as the interambulacral area ;

ambulacral pores in groups of four or more, forming an arched series

round the ambulacral tubercles.

A. Body circular.

1. Strongylocentrotus. Spines equal, subulate, short.

B. Body oblong.

2. Echinometra. Spines subulate, subequal.

3. Holocentronotus. Spines of back elongate, subtriangular; of

the oral side large, spathulate.

4. Colobocentrotus. Spines of the back very short, truncated ; of

the oral side spathulate.

Dr. Gray described the following species, which he regards as new,

from the British Museum Collection.

Genus CrparRIs.

* Spines smooth or granular.

1. CrpaRis ORNATA.

Depressed. Tubercles of interambulacral area rather distant ;

spines lanceolate, subulate, depressed, white, red-ringed ; base with

series of small red spots, and with regular longitudinal series of gra-

nules; each side with one, and the upper surface of the base with two

series of white angular spines; spinules white, with a central red

streak.

Hab. East Indian Seas.

** Snines verticillate-spinose.

2. CiDARIS VERTICILLATA.

Depressed. Interambulacral tubercles rather far apart ; spines of

upper surface rather elongate (about as long as the diameter of the

body), subulate, smovth; some subulate at the top, others with

scattered conical spines, others obliquely truncated, cupped, and

spinose at the tip; spines of lower surface shorter, cylindrical, trun-

cated, granular near the tip ; those of the oral surface much spotted,

truncated, compressed and largely granular near the end.

Hab. 2

3. CrpaRIS ANNULATA.

Orange. Rather depressed. Interambulacral tubercles of moderate

size, far apart; spines elongate, subulate, tapering, red and white

ringed ; suprabasal ring white; with longitudinal ridges. The ridges

of the lower half of the spines spinulose and with scattered larger

spines; sometimes placed in lines. The dorsal spines sometimes

truncated and slightly cupped at the tip; ambulacral spinules nar-.

row, flat.

Hab. West Indies.

4, CrDARIS SPINULOSA.

Interambulacral tubercles small, very far apart; spines elongate,

fusiform, red-brown, with close squamose longitudinal ridges and

scattered subverticillate acute and small spines; the dorsal spines

truncated, cupped and spinose at the end; ambulacral spinules

narrow.

Hab. 2

Genus ASTROPYGA.

5. ASTROPYGA DEPRESSA.

Shell depressed, very thin; ambulacra swollen ; interambulacral

area with a very wide smooth band in the middle and on each side

of the upper part ; the lower part of the centre of each area with

three oblique series of larger tubercles; ovarian plate broad, trian-

gular.

Hab. ?

Genus GARELIA.

Ambulacra broad ; the pairs of pores crowded, so as to form two,

or rarely three, series ; ambulacral area narrow, upper part with four

series of small, and lower part with two or four series of rather larger

tubercles; spines of ambulacral area bristle-like, very slender ; in-

terambulacral area with several oblique series of larger tubercles,

without any smooth band on the back near the crown; ovarian

plates moderate, triangular.

* Ambulacra convex, area linear, spines elongate, subulate, hollow,

covered with whorls of lanceolate scales.

6. GARELIA #QUALIS.

Ambulacra convex ; ambulacral area with two series of tubercles,

the outer series rather the largest, rather narrowed below ; upper

side of ambulacral area with 5:5 oblique series of larger tubercles ;

ovarian plate elongate trigonal; spines purple, or purple and white

ringed.

Var. a. With spines pale, white-ringed.

Var. (3. Spines purple; underside obscurely pale banded.

Var. y. Spines purple, not banded.

Hab. Mauritius.

** Ambulacra flat ; area wide, with four or five series of spines,

near vertex narrow, with two series of tubercles below ; spines

subulate, tapering, longitudinally striated.

7. GARELIA CLAVATA.

Interambulacral area with four oblique series of larger tubercles ;

ambulacra slightly raised ; the upper part of the area near the crown

broad; each side with two or four or six series of small tubercles ;

the lower part narrow, with a single series of rather larger tubercles.

Genus ToREUMATICA.

* Transverse sutural grooves wide and deep; back granular.

8. TorEumMATICA HARDWICKII.

Transverse sutural groove deep, wide; tessera of interambulacral

area high, about twice as broad as high, with one large and several

scattered unequal smaller tubercles.

Hab. ? Presented by General Hardwicke.

** Transverse sutural grooves narrow and small; back equally

granular.

9. ToREUMATICA GRANULOSA.

Transverse sutural groove narrow and shallow; interambulacral

tessera with a subcentral row of large, and numerous nearly equally

scattered smaller tubercles. Near the circumference the secondary

tubercles become more distinct. Base concave.

Hab. 2

*** Transverse sutural grooves indistinct ; back equally tubercular.

10. TorEuMATICA REEVESII.

Depressed, thin ; tessera of interambulacral area with a single series

of large, and several unequal-sized smaller tubercles. Under side

rounded, concave in the middle; ambulacral area with two, inter-

ambulacral area with three rows of subequal tubercles; holes between

tessera distinct, between ambulacral tessera circular and deep.

Hab. China. Presented by J. R. Reeves, Esq.

*kkK Transverse sutural grooves indistinct ; back with a smooth band,

near the suture between the interambulacral areas.

11. ToREUMATICA CONCAVA.

Depressed, thin; middle between two interambulacral areas on

the back smooth; interambulacral tessera with a few unequal tuber-

cles near the ambulacra. Under-side deeply concave, largely tuber-

cular; ambulacral area with two, interambulacral with three series of

large tubercles.

Hab. China.

3. ExTRACTS FROM THE LetTERS OF Dr. HENRY GOULD, RE-

LATING TO THE NaturAaL History or WeEsTERN Inp1IA.

CoMMUNICATED BY HIS FatueER, J. Gouxp, Esa., F.R.S.

The following extracts have been placed at the disposal of the

Society at the urgent request of the Secretary, because he fully

appreciates the value of original observations so clearly and naturally

expressed, and because he hopes that the appearance of this record

of them will induce corresponding members of the Society in other

parts of the world to occupy themselves in a similar manner.

The first of Dr. Gould’s letters is written from Bombay, and

dated—

Feb. 26, 1854.

Within two yards of my tent, as I write, are several species of

birds. Ist, The hoopoe (Upupa Senegalensis?), very tame, and

perching about at my feet, within reach of a stick. 2ndly, Two spe-

cies of wagtail, white and grey, fighting with the hoopoe: sparrows

innumerable, but different from ours; they are perched in a cluster

on a trelliswork at the tent-door. Two crows are sitting on the tent-

pegs, one on each side of the entrance ; a bird called “mmo” here

(Pastor Mahrattensis’) is feeding two yards off; whilst another

pretty black bird, with a long tail, published in one of the numbers of

the ‘Birds of Asia,’ is pluming its feathers within arm’s length.

Kites here are as common as crows,—literally in hundreds, perform-

ing the office of scavengers.

Bombay, March 7, 1854.

Ornithology, you may be sure, will not be forgotten. The follow-

ing species have already fallen to your gift of a double-barrelled

gun. Firing into the midst of a flock as it swept by, I dropped

four of the Pastor roseus im very fine plumage. Kingfishers are

common and very beautiful; Nectarinie also, of which I shot

several, but have no means of determining the species at present, my

books not having arrived. A fine collection of these beautiful birds

could be made here. King crows are to be found everywhere :

what is their scientific name *? Sandpipers are as common and

tame as larks. The Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus?) abounds, and

commits sad havoc in the gardens; several species of wagtail, to me

unknown, various raptorial birds, &c.

Last Monday I paid a visit to Elephanta. It contaims many

birds, strange and new to me,—plenty of pigeons, doves, parrots,

and numerous pretty finches ; and horrible thickets of Euphorbia,

the prickles of which pierce clothes, boots, and everything, and the

juice stings your eyes, if by chance it gets in them.

Kotree, opposite Hyderabad,

April 17, 1854.

The men went on shore to cook their suppers before it became

dark, whilst the officer in command and myself went for a stroll with

our guns. The ground was covered with sandpipers, curlews, terns,

gulls, spoonbills, flamingos, herons, ducks, and, in fact, every species

of water-fowl. We tried for the ducks, but they were very shy; and

after an hour’s wading, I got a shot at a brace of shieldrakes flying

overhead. Firing right and left, I killed one and wounded the other

(not bad for a beginner). They are fine birds, very similar, if not

quite the same, as our own species. Mr. Lewis knocked over a

shoveller, and that was the extent of our sport. In the winter-time

the ducks and other wild fowl congregate here in thousands upon

thousands, and no place could be better adapted for them. There

are some very pretty river terns, and a most lovely kingfisher ; but I

* Dicrurus macrocercus.

am in such a delightful state of ignorance as to what birds are scarce

and which well-known, that I skin but few; and no one in the Pre-

sidency understands or cares the least for them; and as for books,

the word “ornithology” is not comprehended. The first numbers

of the ‘ Birds of Asia’ would be of very great assistance, as also

Colonel Sykes’s Catalogue. Your works have been very much ad-

mired by all who have seen them.

I shot some of the famed black partridge of Scinde, Francolinus

vulgaris, which you must know well. It is a very handsome species.

As a bird for the table, it is excellent, the flesh white and delicate.

I also shot a very fine plover with a coral-red fleshy expansion ex-

tending from the eye over the forehead, and meeting on the opposite

side. The throat and chest are black, legs yellow, eye dark brick-

red. Whatisit? Ihave its egg. The bird is common enough

here. Ihave also the egg of an Cidicnemus. What species are

there of this genus? The egg is very similar to that of our own in

England. The last day of the voyage great excitement was caused

by the appearance of alligators in the river. They are common above

Hyderabad, and ugly green-looking beasts they are, crawling about

on the sand-banks. But the peculiarities and ¢he lions of the Indus

are the pul/ah and the pullah-fishers. The pullah is a much-esteemed

fish, said to be found only in the Indus: it is something like the

grey mullet in appearance, and in taste little better than a mackerel,

but is thought a great deal of. Every one eats pullah. It is caught

in the following manner, by a particular caste of natives brought up

to the business. A large earthen-vessel is pro-

cured, shaped like a lentil-seed, with an aperture

at the top; the vessel is about a yard in diameter,

and half a yard deep, the orifice 8 inches across.

This of course floats on the water, and will sustain

a considerable weight. Pushing it off from the

side, the fisherman throws himself on his belly across it, and so

closes the aperture with his body, thus forming a kind of boat, which

is propelled by the motions of the arms and legs, as in swimming.

This buoys him up on the rapid stream, and prevents his being

swallowed up by the eddies of the river, and also enables him to use

his net, which is stretched across a kind of fork attached to the end

of along pole. This machine is held perpendicularly in the water,

the ends of the fork touching the bottom. The current causes the

net to bag and spread out as the man floats on his earthen pot down-

stream. The pullah, lying head up, cannot see the net, from the

muddiness of the water, so that it comes upon them unawares. The

fisherman feels a tug, and instantly closes the net by means of a

string he holds, and the pullah is caught. The next process is to

haul him up, and stick the poor brute with a skewer, whilst still in

the snare ; then taking it out, and shifting his belly to one side, the

pullah-wallah drops the fish into the pot and resumes his agreeable

employment. Having floated some miles down-stream, he paddles

to shore, shoulders his support and net, and walks back again to the

point from which he started, repeating the whole process again and

again, from morning to night, from youth to old age, earning a few

anas per diem.

Kurrachee, May 4, 1854.

In this letter Dr. Gould gives a journal of his overland journey

from Hyderabad to Kurrachee.

April 18.—Up at sunrise; went out for a walk; saw a few hares,

but no black partridge; shot some pigeons for breakfast. The

country is very sandy, with here and there patches of jungle; re-

turned at 7, very hot and much disgusted. The village consists of

about four huts and twice that number of inhabitants, and yields

wood and water to the traveller, but no provisions of any kind. At

8 o’clock, was glad to retreat into one of the pigeon-holes of the

Dhum-sallah, an outline of which I send you.

= > = SS

April 20.—The station, which is called Hulliaga, being placed in

the midst of a capital shooting-ground, the first sound that struck

me on awaking was the loud call of the black partridge all around

the Dhum-sallah. They are very difficult to get within range, from

their habit of running before the sportsman, and seldom rismg. In

order to get a ‘“‘bag,”’ you must have at least a dozen beaters. I

managed, however, to kill a brace, after much labour and walking.

The jungle here is very thick, and full of birds, hares and snakes ;

for the latter of which, including large boas, it is particularly cele-

brated ; parrakeets are also very plentiful. Dined sumptuously on

pullah and black partridge, both of which are capital; and, im a

cool climate, where the partridge could be kept for a week or two,

it would be quite equal to gelinotte; the flesh is plump, white and

well-flavoured.

Ghiznee Sanatarium, June 1, 1854.

The only birds are the sand-grouse and a species of lark, the crows

and sparrows even contemptuously avoiding such a dried-up place ;

about two miles distant is a creek banked with rocks, which is a

favourite resort for water-fowl. In my pursuit of natural history

this morning, an accident happened which I am afraid will lose me a

good servant. A pair of hawks had built their nest in the rocks,

about fifteen feet from the ground, and my gharawallah (groom)

declared that nothing would be so easy as to take it, and that he

could climb up the side of a house; so I sent him up, but when

within a few feet of it he screamed out and fell ; he afterwards stated

that the devil (shitan) came behind and pushed him off; the fall

would have been nothing on soft ground, but the poor fellow fell

across a stone and injured his spine; I had to gallop into camp and

fetch a palanquin and four men to bring him into hospital, where I

am now treating him. The hills hereabout abound with jackals and

hyzenas, and one of the latter came within the tent-ropes last night

after my unhappy goats ; the barking of the dogs awoke me, when

I saw him gazing affectionately at my throat, not two yards distant ;

a clout on the head with a stone sent him off.

I should like to start in the month of December to the Lake

Munchar, beyond Hyderabad, where, during the winter, is to be

found a reunion of all the water-fowl im Scinde; I am told that the

ducks, geese, cranes, and, in fact, all the natatorial and wading-birds

congregate there in immense numbers; thence to Luccur and Shi-

karpore, shooting all the way. I should then wish to explore an

entirely new country, zoologically speaking,—Khelat—the tempera-

ture of which is somewhat similar to our own, freezingly cold in

winter, with a delightful spring ; it is well-wooded, and doubtless

contains much of interest to the naturalist; with introductions from

the Commissioner, I believe I should be well treated by the “‘Khan;”

the only difficulty is to reach it. From Jacobabad to Khargarth,

our extreme frontier military post, there are two routes, one by the

well-to-be-remembered Bolan Pass (vide the march of our troops to

Cabul), and the cther by Gundawa and the Gundawa Pass. By the

Bolan, the chances are about equal whether I should get through or

have my throat cut, for the Khan cannot control the fierce Beelooch

hill-robbers, although his own subjects ; they would attack anything

under the force of fifty men; by Gundawa the road is tolerably safe,

being under the influence of the Scinde horse; that is the road I

should take. It is seventeen days’ march between Jacobabad and

Khelat, which I should reach at the commencement of spring, and a

month or six weeks’ stay would enable me to ascertain the zoological

resources of the country, after which I should return to Kurrachee

and resume my medical duties. This leave I do not wish for any

private, but for a scientific purpose, and the collections I may make

would be sent, after any novelties had been described, to the Com-

pany’s house in Leadenhall Street, or such of them as they may want

for their museum ; everything, however, must depend upon cireum-

stances.

Ghiznee Sanatarium, July 15, 1854.

It may be interesting to you to know that a fine Houbara Bustard

(Otis Macqueeni) is very common here during the winter; it is

much sought after by the officers, and considered fine “ shikar”’ or

sport ; my tent is pitched in the midst of the Houbara ground. A

very pretty small species of deer is also common in this neighbour-

hood ; it is about the size of a gazelle, with sharp straight horns, is

very difficult of approach, and incredibly fleet; I suppose it is well

known; will you inquire, and let me know its name? the young are

sold in the Bazaar at one rupee each and soon become very tame ;

I have one now that is allowed to wander about at pleasure, and

which invariably comes to sleep in my bed at night : any number of

beautiful Amaduvades may be bought in the Bazaar at one penny

per pair, and Parrots at fourpence each; if the means of transit were

easy, I could send home a gross of these small birds.

I will now give you a short account of an excursion to a well-

known spot called ‘“Munghur Peer” or the ‘ Munghur Talou,”

Anglice Holy Alligator or the Alligator Tank. Some time ago, a

very holy mussulman pitched upon this oasis as his dwelling-place ;

a pure spring flows from a rock in a valley surrounded by immense

barren volcanic hills, forming part of that range of rugged mountains

which is seen so conspicuously from Kurrachee ; the spring above

mentioned vivifies a small extent of surrounding country, nourishes

groves of date palms and banian trees, and encourages the cultivation

of various fruits and vegetables ; the old gentleman, finding that he

had fallen into a good berth, sanctified it: here he lived and died,

after which happy release his body was conveyed to the top of an

awfully high rock and there buried ; his faithful disciples erecting a

large tomb over his remains: this is said to be a fine work of art,

but I have seen no one who has had the courage to ascend and in-

spect it. The spring after his death became more holy than before,

and a tolerably-sized mosque was built over it ; a large stone tank

with steps was constructed for it to flow into, and the overflowing

surplus water now forms a marsh or pond which is full of small

islands a few feet distant from each other, and it is in the water be-

tween these that the alligators are to be found; there are several

hundreds of them, varying in size from 6 inches to more than twice

as many feet; they live in a state of great fraternity; their calm

serenity being only disturbed by that most useful dispensation of

providence, the larger devouring the smaller ones; they are con-

sidered most holy by the mussulmen and are actually worshipped by

‘them ; in which, however, they slightly depart from the precepts of

the Koran, which says, ‘‘ La Ala ila allah—Mahomed rasoul allah,”

the famous profession of the mussulman faith. From most of the

districts of Scinde, the natives make pilgrimages to these beasts,

throwing goats to them as peace offermgs; the inhabitants of the

small village adjoining the mosque feed them regularly, and are great

in the odour of sanctity. Should a little native urchin be swallowed,

through his indiscreetly venturing too near, they say his is a happy

kismet or fate, for he is sure of paradise. The brutes do not confine

themselves to the water, but wander among the palm trees and low

bushes, and wherever a sahib discovers a cool retreat, there a large

alligator is sure to be found, and before a transfer of seat can be

effected, must be fought and dislodged, or run away from, if he

charges. Not long since one of them killed a man, upon hearing

which two officers resolved to take vengeance, and accordingly, in

spite of military prohibition, shot the delinquent, whereupon all the

crazy and bigoted inhabitants turned out to avenge the insult, and

had they not been well armed it would have gone hard with the

sacrilegious scamps. These holy reptiles are not without their royal

family, of which, however, there exists at present but one lineal

descendant, by name moor-sahib, who is the acknowledged king of

the alligators; although superior to his subjects not only by his

descent but by his enormous size and appetite, he is but a liliputian

in size, and a trifler as regards his powers of eating, compared with

his late sainted and lamented sire, concerning whom the inhabitants

of the village relate marvels of masticatory prowess. The present

king does not associate with his subjects, but is built into a large

underground tank covered above by masonry; in the roof of this

palace is a hole something like, but rather larger than, that into a

coal-cellar; when his majesty is to be fed, his attendant thrashes the

water with a long stick through the hole in the roof; and the well-

known sound brings him to the surface, where, without condescend-

ing to unclose his eyes, he opens an enormous pair of jaws and waits

patiently till the delicate morsel, such as half a donkey or a goat, is

dropped into them ; the jaws instantly close with a terrific snap and

the royal personage disappears from sight.

The rains have just set in here ;—very pleasant for those who live

in houses, but quite the contrary for poor wretches who, like myself,

are under canvass; my tent will stand two days’ rain well enough,

but after that it begins to feel moist, gradually-increasing puddles

make their appearance below, and water drips in from above; but

one hot day makes all dry again. After a shower your tent becomes

the refuge of all the vermin in the neighbourhood; snakes, scor-

pions, centipedes, frogs and lizards occupy the dark corners, whilst

all attempts at reading or eating by night are frustrated by the

countless myriads of large ants, from half to one inch in length, that

fly into every habitation, and cover the lamps, table-cloth, books,

&c., smother your shirt and collar, get down your back, and after

having caused an immense deal of annoyance and inconvenience,

leave their wings as a parting present and crawl away; so that in

the morning the tables, chairs, and other furniture, and the floors

are found strewed with these relics. A very beautiful ground spider

makes its appearance after the rains; it is about the size of a bean,

and of the most. splendid scarlet, resembling velvet in appearance

and lustre; it is seen at no other time, and is apparently driven

from its underground retreat by the rain.

Ghiznee, August 15, 1854.

Ghiznee is not the locality from whence to supply you with much

information as regards Scinde; its natural products being but few ;

in the absence of anything of greater moment, perhaps you would

like to know something of the domestic resources of Kurrachee and

the circumjacent country. Substantials in the shape of beef and

mutton are plentiful and cheap ; the latter is small, very small, a leg

weighing about four pounds, but it can occasionally be had some-

what larger ; its price is one ana per pound. The sheep are cele-

brated for their tails, which are of an enormous size, and one mass

of fat. Good beef is also to be had at the same price as mutton.

Kid’s flesh is not despised, and one day in the week pig is converted

into pork ; but our friend so much relished in England is but little

honoured here, none but the very lowest castes condescending to

touch him, and his very name being an abomination ; so if you wish

to irritate a native, hint at the “‘ suer,’’ in connection with himself,

and the required irritation will be immediately produced. Fowls are

brought into Kurrachee in vast numbers, and fetch four anas (six-

pence) each. Ducks can be obtained at a little higher price, but are

considered by the Mahometan population as unclean. Turkey being

an expensive luxury, is only produced at mess on great nights.

Pigeons are very plentiful, but are not worth eating, besides being

considered holy by some of the castes. The sea and harbour supply

us with fish m any quantity and of every size; many species are

brought to market, from the Sardine to the noble “Seer” fish, which

is about the size of a cod and superior to it in flavour. Oysters are

abundant, and when in season rival “real natives :’’ for one hundred

you pay sixpence. The pearl oyster, although not eaten, is eagerly

sought after for its precious contents. Magnificent prawns, of

doubtful feeding, are caught in numbers, and are sold at the ridi-

culously low price of one ana (three halfpence) for two pounds

weight ; they grow to an enormous size, some being 7 or 8 inches in

length, but the smaller ones are the best.

Ghiznee, Sept. 20, 1854.

You will be pleased to hear that I have just received a long letter

from Mr. Blyth, of Calcutta, who evidently opines, that, having been

brought up in the halls of science, I must be thoroughly acquainted

with its long-named treasures—painful delusion !—and quite easily

requests me to procure for him species of the Soricide, Erinacide,

Hypsipide, Malacocercide, and many others; all which I would

most readily do. But what sort of a beast is an Hrinaceus or a

Malacocercus, still remains a profound mystery to me, and is likely

to be, until I get hold of a treatise on hard names which will unravel

the secret; for if it be supposed that such knowledge ought to come

by the “light of nature,” I can only say that she has not as yet

illumined me by her countenance. This is why I requested a treatise

on the science of ornithology. I shall get on better when I receive

my books. Mr. Blyth wishes a correspondence to be kept up be-

tween us, and of course I shall be happy to promote his views in

every way I can.

Shark-fishing is going on actively at present; they are caught

in large nets, which are dragged across the harbour. The species is

the ground-shark, the fins of which are considered a great delicacy

by the Chinese; and it is to supply them that the sharks are

captured.

Enclosed is a curious little bird which I shot on the sea-shore.

What is its name *? It frequents the low salt marsh plants that

grow at the edge of and even in the water. It is extremely difficult

to shoot, and when shot, equally hard to find; it runs among the

roots, and occasionally perches on a twig, gives forth a wheezy feeble

song, and instantly drops into the thicket. The eye is dark.

Ghiznee, Oct. 5, 1854.

The warm weather has given life to numbers of the dragon-fly

family, but their short life is cut still shorter by the numbers of

birds that come, self-invited, to the feast; shrikes, bee-eaters,

hoopoes, stone-chats, wheatears, willow-wrens, and many other

species, have now appeared about the rocks, where, a month since,

nothing but a lark was to be seen. Terns, that before could only be

found at sea, now come wandering over the land, and, hunting up

and down, soon fill their stomachs with the delicious morsels; even

the very cheels (kites) have given up their carrion-feeding propen-

sities. The consequence of this good feeding is very distressing to

the collector, for the birds become so fat that it is almost impossible

to skin or preserve them: my servant is in despair, and brings me a

mass of oily feathers as the result of an hour’s labour. Is there any

remedy? Large flocks of cranes are continually passing over my

tent, “en route’ to the Indus. Geese have been seen, and I myself

have fired at ducks, all which are indications of approaching winter ;

wading-birds of all kinds are now exceedingly common, but very

difficult to procure, for they congregate on large open flats left at low

water, and cannot be approached. The salt-water creeks too, in

which they are to be found at certain stages of the tide, are quite

exposed and without cover on their banks ; so that if by dint of great

care and caution you can manage to get within 300 yards of the

water, you are then sure to hear some small plover or sanderling set

up his shrill piping, to which that wariest of birds, the curlew, im-

mediately responds, and away scuds every feather in the creek, leaving

you to expend your vexation and charges upon the crabs and mud.

There is one crane in particular that I have been after many times ;

he is a very cunning old gentleman, and evidently fond of a joke ; he

knows exactly how far a gun will carry, allows me to approach, by

dint of much knee-grazing and elbow work, to within 100 yards of

him, and then, rightly imagining that a nearer proximity would be

dangerous, gives a hoarse chuckling laugh, and, after four flaps of

his enormous wings, is hopelessly gone; but I will be even with him

some day.

Enclosed you will find a rough sketch of a thrush-like bird killed by

me yesterday ; it is the only one I have seen, but my servants know it

well, and state that it is a beautiful songster. If you can make out

the species from my drawing, I should like to know its namet.

* Suya lepida, an extremely rare bird in the collections of Europe.

+ Certhilauda bifasciata, or an allied species.

“OQ me miserum! O me, miserabile dictu!!’’ a dire misfortune

has befallen me. One morning, while pursuing my friend the crane,

I broke the stock of my gun, or rather the horse broke it for me.

As you may expect, I was much annoyed ; first, because it was a

present from you, and secondly, because the gun was a capital one to

shoot with, and I was rapidly improving in the art. As it is impos-

sible to get a new stock in Kurrachee, I have been obliged to expend

£30 in the purchase of a fresh gun, and have obtained an excellent

one with double barrels for shot and rifle fitting the same stock: I

will send my lame gun back to Fisher’s to be restocked.

Mr. Frere has, I believe, very kindly written to Lord Elphinstone

respecting my journey to Khelat, and has also offered the services of

an excellent person in his pay to accompany me; with this assistance,

if leave be granted me, I hope to make a good collection, and do

some service to science ; I intend shooting everything that comes in

my way, and it will be your task to determine whether anything be

new or otherwise. You will say, this is rather Don-Quixotish ; but

the sight of a fine country will quite recompense me for any little

self-disgust at the butchering nature of my propensities; all for

science, “‘¢a va bien,” the healing pill is swallowed. I wish that

you could be with me, the trip would then be a great treat, and I

might learn something. Please to let me know how to make

“damper,” as, if I go, I shall have to be my own baker for a few

months ; I should like to know this by return of post, and also to

receive any other hints your bush experience enables you to give.

As I have before said, if I am allowed to take this journey, I shall

proceed as soon as another assistant-surgeon has been found to supply

my place. Towards the end of next month, on the approach of

winter, all the regiments will be on the move: ours, it is expected,

will be ordered to Hyderabad, and the fusiliers will supply our place

at Kurrachee; the 83rd are ordered to Deessa in Gujerat, a fright-

fully hot place, but with capital shooting; for there abound the

Indian lion and tiger, antelopes, and Sambur deer, and buffaloes are

seen in great numbers ; the artillery will proceed to Poonah, and the

14th Native Infantry to Shikarpore, her Majesty’s 86th having the

doleful prospect of Aden before them. Mr. Frere starts for his

annual tour of the district on the 2nd of November, taking with him

a good hunter and stuffer; he has requested me to let him know

what objects are most desirable for the advancement of science,

which, as you are aware, he is always anxious to promote ; he has

already sent considerable collections to the Norwich museum.

March 27, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The Chairman read the following extract from a letter received

from Francis Brent, Esq., of Sandgate, giving some further particulars

regarding the destruction of the Conger eels by the late severe frosts.

The letter was dated :—

Sandgate, 25th March, 1855.

You seemed to take some little interest im the account of the

Conger Eels, so I will send you a few additional particulars. The

oldest inhabitants recollect only two other occasions on which the fish

in the sea were killed by the frost, one about thirty years and the

other twenty-two years ago; indeed then the destruction was not

nearly so great as during the present winter. Some of the eels were

five and six feet long, and weighed between fifty and sixty pounds.

One boat went out, and in three or four hours the crew picked up

800 eels. They were mostly found near a feeding-ground called the

Diamond-bank, but were more or less all round the coast: some of

the sailors here say, they have seen conger eels which had been

killed by the cold floating in the North Sea, but never in the Chan-

nel. The only other fish that seem to have suffered were the mullet,

many of which were found in Southampton harbour. Twenty-two

years ago, the gurnets also were destroyed. The eels were all found

with head and tail under water, part of the belly and vent at the sur-

face, the whole fish bent almost into a circle. The fishermen say

that the conger-eel is a very clean-feeding fish, and will only take

live bait or flesh that is quite fresh. He feeds at night and near the

surface of the sea, and some of the men attribute the destruction to

the fact that the cold acted upon the creatures’ vents, in proof of

which they assert that the vents always presented a different ap-

pearance from the other part of the body, and that decomposition

invariably commenced there. Others affirm, that the cold attacked

the swimming-bladders, and so prevented the fish from sinking, and

thus they perished from not being able to get into a warmer current

of water than was to be found at the surface. :

At first only a few of the fishermen would pick them up, as they

said they were not fit for food; but some having been sent to Lon-

don, a person there immediately telegraphed that he would purchase

any quantity that could be procured, without reference to what state

of freshness they were in. He boiled them down and made gelatine

of them. It was, however, almost too late, for the wind changed

almost immediately after his message was received, and the eels

either sank from their air-bladders bursting or were carried out

to sea.

Dr. Gray also stated that in a shallow pond in front of Lord John

Russell’s house in Richmond Park, all the freshwater fish, including

carp, tench, roach, eels, and the frogs and toads, were killed by the

frost in February 1855; and numerous specimens were rotting on

No. CCLXXXVII.—Procerpincs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

the bank. He had observed the freshwater fish similarly killed in

a pond near Beddington, Surrey.

Mr. Gould exhibited a small collection of birds from Scinde, being

the first of his son’s contributions to Indian ornithology, and _re-

marked, that although there was nothing new among them, still they

comprised several species which are of interest from the circumstance

of their being rare both in India and in the collections of Europe.

The following is a list of the species :—

Cypselus affinis, Gray.

Suya lepida, Blyth.

Certhilauda dumetorum, Stanley.

Galerida Chendoola, Blyth.

Calandrella brachydactyla, Blyth.

Sazicola atrogularis, Blyth.

Sazicola picata, Blyth.

Pratincola indica, Blyth.

Malacocercus caudatus, Dum.

Ploceus Manyar, Horsf.

Actitis hypoleuca, Linn.

Sterna ? like S. minuta.

The following papers were then read :—

1. OBSERVATIONS ON THE SpecIES OF VOLUTES,—VOLUTID.

By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.B.S. erc.

In the following observations I shall confine myself to the genera

of Volutes which form the tribe of Volutina; they are particularly

characterized by having the sides of the base of the siphon furnished

with an auricle ; the tentacula far apart, united together by a broad

veil, forming a hood over the head; and the eyes situated far back,

behind the base of the small tentacles.

Iam induced to make these observations, founded on the mag-

nificent collection of specimens in the British Museum collection,

because, though Professor Schumacher, and Messrs. Swainson and

A. and H. Adams have arranged the species of the family, the

genera ‘they have used have not been founded on any consi-

deration of the modifications of the animal, but solely on the ex-

ternal conformation of the shells themselves. I have considered

this revision the more necessary, as in more than one instance these

authors have regarded as belonging to different genera, shells which I

am inclined to believe are only varieties of the same species.

I. The animals of the greater part of these genera have broad

teeth, with a more or less lunate base, and with three large acute

lobes at the apex.

1. Some of these animals are viviparous. The shell of the very

young animal has a very large irregular callous tip, which forms

a permanent nucleus to the shell. The foot is large, and without

any operculum.

l. Yerus.

The shell ventricose, covered with a horny periostraca, which is

more or less covered in the different species with a polished shelly

coat, deposited by the expanded mantle. The spire is short, and

irregular ; the aperture expanded.

The animal is large, compared to the size of the shell, when ex-

panded. It is ovoviviparous; the young when born being of a

large size, and covered with a shell with a large irregular callous apex.

The foot is large, partly covering the shell, which is sunk into its

substance. Operculum wanting.

Confined to the coast of Africa and the shores of the Medi-

terranean.

The best character for the distinction of the species of this genus

depends on the extent which the mantle covers the shell, shown in

the shells themselves by the size of the polished coat. Unfortu-

nately, the original surface, indicating the extension of the mantle

over the surface of the shell, in this and other genera of this family,

is often destroyed in cabinet specimens, even in the most recently-

formed collection, which greatly deteriorates from their scientific

value, and great care should be taken to observe that the specimens

desired to be determined have not been injured in this respect.

Mr. Adams, by some oversight, observes, when referring to this

genus, “ These shells are uniform in colour, sombre, covered with

an epidermis, and with a deciduous nucleus.’ (Genera, 159.)

Several species are marbled; some have the epidermis covered with

a glassy coat; and I am not aware that any shell has the nucleus

deciduous, much less this genus, when they are enclosed by the

older whorls.

A. The only species found in the Mediterranean has a narrow

deep channel near the suture ; the shell is one-coloured, and the left

side of the mantle and inner lip of the shell is much expanded over

the last whorl.

1. Yerus Ouxa.

Voluta Olla, Linn.

Voluta papillaris, Gmelin.

Cymbium Olla, Menke, Adams, 150.

Cymba Olia, Brod., Sow. Spec. Conch. 7. f. 1 a, 4, ¢, d.

Cymbium papillatum, Schum. 237.

Hab. Mediterranean.

B. The species found on the coast of Africa have a broad wide

channel on the suture of the shell. They may be divided into three

groups :— :

* The left side of the mantle and the inner lip of the shell rather

expanded ; the shell is mottled.

2. Yetus Navicuta.

Spire short.

Voluta Navicula, Gmelin.

Voluta Pepo, Solander.

Cymba Neptuni, pt., Brod., Sow. Spec. Conch. f. 2 a, b.

Cymbium Neptuni, Menke.

Hab. W. coast of Africa; Gambia.

3. Yerus Cympium.

Spire subconic.

Voluta Cymbium, Linn.

Cymbium Cisium, Menke.

Cymba Cimbium, Sow. Gen. f. 2; Brod., Sow. Spee. Conch. f. 9

a, b,c, d

Cymbium Cymbium, Adams.

Voluta rubiginosa, Swainson, Exot. Conch. ; Wood, Cat. Supp.

f. 23,

Cymba rubiginosa, Brod. f. 7 a, 6, ¢, d.

Cymbium rubiginosum, Adams.

Var. 6. Spire produced, conic.

Cymbium gracile, Adams.

Cymba gracilis, Brod. ; Sow. Spec. Conch. f. 8 a, 4, ¢, d.

Hab. W. coast of Africa ; Gambia.

** The left side of the mantle and the inner lip of the shell much

expanded over the last whorl; the shell one-coloured.

4. Yetrus Neptuni.

Voluta Neptuni, Gmelin.

Voluta Auguria, Solander.

Cymba Neptuni, pt., Brod., Sow. Spec. Conch. f. 2 ¢, d.

Voluta glans, Gmelin.

Cymba patula, Brod., Sow. Spec. Conch. f. 4, 4 6.

Cymbium patulum, Adams.

Cymba Tritonis, Brod., Sow. Spec. Conch. f. 3, 3 a, 6.

Cymbium Tritonis, Adams.

Hab. W. coast of Africa ; Gambia.

*** The left side of the mantle very much exposed, and, like the

inner lip, covering the whole outer surface of the shell; shell

plain-coloured.

5. YETUS PROBOSCIDALIS.

Philin, Adans. Seneg. t. 3. f. 2.

Voluta proboscidalis, Lamk.

Cymbium proboscidale, Adams.

Cymba proboscidalis, Brod., Sow. Spec. Conch. f. 5 a, 8, ¢, d;

Sow. Gen. f. 3.

Voluta porcina, Lamk.

Cymbium porcinum, Menke.

Voluta Scapha, Solander.

Cymba poreina, Brod., Sow. Spec. Conch. f. 6a, 6, ¢,d,e, f, g, h,i, k

Jun. Voluta papillaris v. glans, Gmelin.

Hab, W. coast of Africa ; Senegal; Gambia.

2. The animals of the other genera are oviparous, the eggs being

deposited in cartilaginous egg-cases like those of the other zoopha-

gous mollusks. The shell of the just-hatched animal has a regular

or subregular spiral tip.

A. The mantle of the animal is enclosed, and the inner lip of the

shell is defined, or only slightly expanded.

a. Some have a ventricose shell, with a large expanded aperture, and

Jive or six strong subequal plaits on the pillar. Foot large,

and no operculum.

2. Cymsium. The Melons.

Shell ventricose, covered with a hard horny periostraca; the

spire short, depressed, often sunken; aperture very large, ex-

panded.

Cymbium Indicum, C. tessellatum, C. Aithiopicum, C. Diadema,

and C, armatum are found in the Indian Ocean, and probably on the

north coast of Australia; C. Broderipii at Manilla; C. Miltonis in

Swan River, Western Australia; C. Georgine and C. umbilicatum

in Moreton Bay, on the eastern coast of Australia. “

In 1833 I described and figured three new species of this genus

in the Mollusca plates to Griffith’s translation of Cuvier’s ‘ Animal

Kingdom,’ under the names of Melo Miltonis, M. Georgine and M.

Broderipii. About the same time Mr. Broderip prepared an essay

on the genus, which was printed some time after the above publi-

cation, as he refers to the species and figures. It was to appear in

the 2nd part of Mr. G. B. Sowerby’s ‘ Species Conchyliorum ;’ but

this part was not published then. At Mr. Sowerby’s death in 1854,

Mr. Lumley, the second-hand bookseller, appears to have purchased

the plates and text, as far as they had been prepared, from the

executors of Mr. Sowerby, and published it on the Ist of March,

1855, This part contains the text without the figures of the genus

Melo, the plates without the text of the genus Cyclostoma, and the

plates and text of the genera Amphidesma and Terebellum.

+ Spire enclosed, unarmed.

1. Cympium Meno, Menke.

Melo indicus, Brod. ; Adams.

Voluta indica, Gmelin.

Voluta ethiopica, var. y, Born.

Voluta Melo, Solander.

Voluta preputium, Chemn.? (Junior),

Hab. Indian Ocean.

+t Spire exposed, not produced, surrounded with arched spines.

§ Shell pale yellow, with two or three bands of square dark spots.

Spines broad at the base, decumbent.

2. CYMBIUM TESSELLATUM.

Melo tessellatus, Brod.

Voluta tessellata, Lamk.; Swainson.

Voluta Haustrum, Soland. MSS.

Cymbium ethiopicum B, Schum. N.S. 237.

Melo tessellata, Adams.

Hab. Indian Ocean.

§§ Shell brown or pale with angular brown lines ; spines spreading.

3. Cymprum 2TuHiopicum, Menke.

Cinnamon-brown, sometimes two-banded.

Cymbium coronatum, Martini, ii. f. 784.

Voluta Aithiopica, Linn.

Melo Athiopicus, Brod.

Cymbium Athiopicum, Schum. N.S. 237 ; Menke.

Melo Aithiopica, Adams.

Var. 6. Spines decumbent.

Voluta Nautica, Linn.

Melo Nautica, Brod.; Adams.

Cymbium Nauticum, Menke.

Hab. Indian Ocean?

4. Cymspium DiapemMa.

Chestnut, white-marbled. Spines short, rare.

Melo Diadema, Brod.

Voluta diadema, Lamk.

Voluta amphora, Soland.

? Melo senticosa, Adams.

Hab. Indian Ocean?

5. CyMBIUM ARMATUM.

Orange, white-marbled. Spines elongate, straight.

Melo armatus, Brod.

Voluta armata, Lamk.

Voluta Cithara, Soland.

Voluta ducalis, Lamk.

Cymbium ducale, Menke.

Hab. Tndian Ocean?

6. Cympium GEORGIN#.

Melo Georgine, Gray, G. A. K. t. 34, 1833.

Melo mucronatus, Brod. 1855.

Melo mucronata, Adams.

Hab. Moreton Bay ; Blackwood Bay; Port Essington.

7. CyMBIUM UMBILICATUM.

Melo umbilicatus, Brod. ; Sow. Gen.

Melo umbilicata, Adams.

Hab. Moreton Bay.

These species, or rather presumed species, appear to be varieties

of the same kind, peculiar to certain districts of the Indian Ocean.

If we select certain specimens of each, they appear very distinct;

but if a large number of specimens of different ages, from various

localities, are arranged together, the differences gradually merge

into each other, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate

them from one another. In the younger specimens the spines are

generally distinct and crowded; sometimes they enlarge more rapidly

than the rest of the shell as it increases in size ; in other specimens,

after a time they suddenly cease to be developed, and the larger

external whorls are not armed behind.

+tt Spire exposed, convex, large, crowned with numerous small,

rather inflexed spines.

8. Cymsrum Bropertpi, Gray. Japan Melon.

White, with chestnut lines or spots; young shell concentrically

sulcated ; hinder part of the whorls near suture crenulate.

Melo Broderipii, Gray, G. A. K. 1833.

Melo regius, Brod. 1855.

Hab. Manilla. Japan, Humphreys.

+ttt Spire produced, conic, armed with compressed inflexed scales.

9. Cympium Mitrtonis.

Melo Miltonis, Gray, G. A. K. t. 29, 1833.

Melo cylindratus, Brod. 1855.

Hab. Australia; Swan River.

b. Shell ovate or fusiform, covered with a thin periostraca ; aper-

ture moderate.

§ Pillar with four or five strong well-defined plaits. Operculum

none. Foot moderate.

3. ScAPHA.

Shell ovate or fusiform. Periostraca thin, smooth. Spire conic ;

aperture moderate; inner lip smooth, defined, pillar 5- or 6-plaited.

Operculum none.

+ Nucleus or shell of the very young animal very large, irregularly

spiral.

1. ScaPHA MAMILLA.

Nucleus very large, subglobose, apex of spire lateral.

Voluta mamilla, Gray, Sow. Conch. Thes. 207. t. 50). £57,558;

Cymbium mamilla, Adams, 159.

Hab. Australia ; Van Diemen’s Land.

2. ScaPHA DUBIA.

Nucleus large, rather irregular-shaped, spiral apex acute.

Voluta dubia, Brod., Zool. Journ. iii. 81. t. 3. f.1; Sow. Conch.

Thes. 209. t. 55. f. 115.

Fulguraria (Aurinia) dubia, Adams, 166.

Hab. ? Cab. Roussel.

++ Nucleus large, pale, regularly spiral, crenulated.

3. ScarpHa VESPERTILIO.

VolutaVespertilio, Linn., Sow. Thes. Conch. t. 47. f. 15, 23; t.51.

Wie

Cymbiola Vespertilio, Swains. Malac. 317.

Voluta pellis-serpentis, Lamk.

Voluta mitis, Vamk.

Cymbiola mitis, Swains. Malac. 317.

Voluta serpentina, Lamk.

dulica vespertilio, Adams, 161.

Hab. Indian Ocean ; Amboina.

4. SCAPHA PULCHRA.

Voluta pulchra, Sow., Tank. Cat. t. 4. f. 2; Conch. Thes. t. 51.

f. 62; Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 6.

Aulica pulchra, Adams; 161.

Hab. North-east coast of Australia; Heron Islands.

5. SCAPHA NIVOSA.

Voluta nivosa, Lamk., Sow. Conch. Thes. 200. t. 51. f. 63, 64.

Aulica nivosa, Adams, 161.

Cymbiola nivosa, Swains. Malac. 317.

Hab. Australia; Garden Island ; Swan River.

6. ScapuHa Norristt.

Voluta Norrisii, Sow. Conch. Thes. 201. t. 51. f. 65.

Voluta nivosa, Wagner. ,

Aulica Norrisii, Adams.

Hab. Australia; Dupuch Islands, on reefs at low water.

7. SCAPHA RUTILA.

Voluta rutila, Brod. Zool. Journ. ii. 30. t.3; Sow. Conch. Thes.

200. t. 46. f. 5, 6.

Voluta aulica, Kiener.

Aulica rutila, Adams, 161.

Hab. N.E. coast of Australia; Raines Islet.

ttt Nucleus large, regularly spiral, smooth.

8. ScAPHA AULICA.

Voluta aulica, Soland.; Sow. Tank. Cat. t. 3; Conch. Thes. 198.

t. 46. f. 9, 10, 11, 12; Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 4.

Aulica aulica, Adams, Gen. 161.

Hab. Sooloo Islands.

9. ScapHa DrsHAYESII.

Voluta Deshayesii, Reeve, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 73 Moll. pl. 26.

Hab. Solomon’s Island.

10. SCAPHA PIPERITA.

Voluta piperita, Sow. Conch. Thes. 199. t. 51. f. 62.

Aulica piperita, Adams, 161.

Hab. ? Cab. Norris (only one specimen known).

11. SCAPHA MAGNIFICA.

Voluta magnifica, Chemn., Sow. Conch. Thes. 200. t. 54. f. 103.

Hab. Australia, in estuaries. Port Jackson, in two fathoms water;

Stutchbury.

12. ScapHa JuNONIA.

Voluta Junonia, Chemn., Lamk., Sow. Conch. Thes. 197. t. 42.

f. 44,

Scaphella Junonia, Swains. Malac. 318; Adams, 163.

Hab. Gulf of Mexico.

13. ScAPHA PUNCTATA.

Voluta punctata, Swains. Zool. Ill. 161 ; Sow. Conch. Thes. 198.

. 54. f. 89, 90; Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 19.

Aulica punctata, Adams, 161.

Hab. ?

A single imperfect specimen in the British Museum.

14. ScaPHA LUTEOSTOMA.

Voluta luteostoma, Chemn. xi. f. 1708, 1709 ; Sow. Conch. Thes.

E Olcott. 59

Voluta chrysostoma, Swains.

Aulica luteostoma, Adams, 161.

Voluta imperialis, var., Dillwyn.

Hab. Indian Ocean, Chemn.

tttt Nucleus small, regularly spiral, smooth.

15. ScarpHa CoLocynruis, Gray.

Voluta Brasiliana, Portland Cat.; Lamk.; Sow. Conch. Thes. t. 54.

f. 98.

Cymbiola Brasiliana, Swains. Malac. 317; Adams, 162.

Cymbiola Colocynthis, Swains.; Adams.

Hab. Brazils.

16. ScapHa MAGELLANICA.

Voluta ancilla, Soland. MSS.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 203. t. 54.

. 101.

Cymbiola ancilla, Swains. 317; Adams, 163.

Volutella ancilla, Gray, P. Z.S.

Voluta spectabilis, Gmelin, S.N.

Female? Voluta subnodosa, Leach, Zool. Misc. i. t. 8 ; Sow. Conch.

Thes. 203. t. 47. f. 24; Gray, Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 1.

Voluta Magellanica, Chemn., Sow. Conch. Thes. 204. t. 54. f. 99 ;

D’Orb. Voy. v. 425.

Cymbiola magellanica, Swains. Malac. 317 ; Adams, 162.

Male? Voluta gracilis, Gray in Wood, Supp. 10. f. 2.

Voluta Ceramica (3, Gmelin.

Var. #3. Shell thicker, striated.

Voluta tuberculata, Gray, Wood, Cat. Supp. ; Swains.; D’Orb.

Voy. A. M. v. 426.

Scaphella (Alcithoé) tuberculata, Adams, 164.

Voluta Beckii, Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, 43.

Cymbiola Beckii, Adams, 163.

Voluta festiva, D’Orb. Voy. A. M. v. 426, not Lamk.

Hab. Patagonia; Maghellan Straits.

17. ScapHa FEeRusSACII.

Voluta Ferussaciit, Donovan, Nat. Rep. ii. t. 67, 1824; Sow.

Conch. Thes. 203. t. 46. f. 7.

Voluta rudis, Gray, Griff. A. K. xii. t. 30. f. 1, 1833.

Cymbiola Ferussaci, Adams, 163.

Hab. i

+tttt Nucleus smooth, small, spiral, with the upper whorl rather

swollen and irregular.

18. SCAPHA PACIFICA.

Voluta Pacifica, Soland., Chemn. ; Sow. Conch. Thes. t. 48. f. 25,

26, 27.

Voluta insularis, Solander.

Scaphella (Alcithoé) Pacifica, Adams, 164.

Cymbiola Pacifica, Swains. Malac. 317.

Voluta arabica, Gmelin.

Buccinum Arabicum, Martyn.

Var. 6. Voluta elongata, Swains. Exot. Conch.

Voluta gracilis, Swains., Sow. Conch. Thes. t. 55. f. 117, 118.

Scaphella (Alcithoé) gracilis, Adams, 164.

Var. y. Voluta fusus, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol.

Scaphella (Alcithoé) fusus, Adams, 163, 164.

Voluta tuberculata, Sow. Conch. Thes. t. 50. f. 49, 50.

Cymbiola tuberculata, Swains. Exot. Conch. t. 29.

Hab. New Zealand.

19. SCAPHA MEGASPIRA.

Voluta megaspira, Sow. Conch. Thes. 208. t. 48. f. 31, 32.

Voluta lyriformis, Kiener, Icon. ; not Brod.

Scaphella (Alcithoé) megaspira, Adams.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. Perhaps a variety of S. pacifica.

20. ScAPHA CONCINNA.

Voluta coneinna, Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, 43 ; Sow. Conch.

Thes. t. 51. f. 66.

Voluta Lyreformis, Kiener, Icon.

Hab. ?

21. ScAPHA FUSIFORMIS.

Voluta fusiformis, Swains. Bligh Cat.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 208.

. 04. f. 100.

Scaphella fusiformis, Swaims. Malac. 318.

Scaphella ( Alcithoé) fusiformis, Adams, 164.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

§§ Pillar lip with four or five strong subequal plaits in front, and

some small ones behind. Operculum horny, distinct.

4, VoLuTA.

Shell ovate, striated, covered with a thin periostraca ; spire conic,

nucleus small, cylindrical, regular, spiral, produced, brown ; mouth

elongate ; inner lip parallel to outer; pillar with some (four to five)

large oblique plaits in front and more transverse ones behind.

+ Outer lip thickened, reflexed ; inner lip rounded.

1. Votutra musica, Linn.

Schum. 238; Adams, 165; Lamk.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 211.

t.49. f. 36, 43.

Harpula musica, Swains. Malac. 317.

Voluta Thiarella, Lamk.

Harpula Thiarella, Sow. Malac. 317.

V oluta carneolata, Lamk.

Harpula carneolata, Sow. Malac. 317.

Voluta guinaica, Lamk.

Harpula guinaica, Swains. Malac. 317.

Voluta virescens (3, Dillwyn, R. S.

Voluta levigata, Lamk.

Harpula levigata, Swains. Malac. 317.

? Voluta nodulosa, Lamk.

Harpula nodulosa, Swains. Malac. 317.

Voluta sulcata, Lamk.

Harpula suleata, Swains. Malac. 317 ; Sow. Conch. Thes. 212.

f. 43..1..97.

Voluta plicata, Dillwyn.

Hab. Jamaica; St. Vincent’s.

2. VOLUTA EBREA.

Voluta ebrea, Linn. ; Schum. N. 8. 238; Adams, 165; Sow.

Conch. Thes. 211. t. 54. f. 95, 96, 97.

Harpula Hebrea, Swains. Malac. 317.

Hab. Indian Ocean.

++ Outer lip thickened, reflexed on the edge ; inner lip thickened,

compressed.

3. VoLUTA POLYZONALIs, Lamk.

Harpula polyzonalis, Swains. Malac. 317 ; Sow. Conch. Thes. 212.

$3.52. tenses Oe

Voluta virescens, Soland.

Murex Cantinelosus, Mus. Gevers.

Voluta fulva, Lamk.

Harpula fulva, Swains. Malaec. 317.

Voluta chlorosina, Lamk.

Var.? B. Voluta Pusio, Swains.; Gray, Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 9;

Sow. Conch. Thes. 213. t. 55. f. 119. .

Hab. ——? Guinea, Humphreys.

+tt Outer lip rounded, not reflewed on the edge.

4. VoLUTA VEXILLUM.

Voluta vexillum, Chemn.; Sow. Conch. Thes.210.t.50.f.54, 55, 56.

Harpula vewillum, Swains. Malac. 317; Adams, 165.

Voluta arausiaca, Solander.

Murex arausiacus, Mus. Gevers.

Hab. China; Amboina.

5. VOLUTA LAPPONICA.

Voluta lapponica, Linn.

Voluta indica, Sow. Conch. Thes. 210. t. 51. f. 68, 69, 70.

Harpula lapponica, Swains. Malac. 617; Adams, 165.

Hab. Indian Ocean; China.

5. FULGORARIA.

Shell ovate, fusiform, striated and costated; spire conical ; nucleus

small, spiral; aperture elongate; inner lip slightly dilated; pillar

with a central thickening, covered with many irregular oblique plaits ;

canal rather produced in front.

Operculum ? Animal ——? Teeth

1. Futcoraria Curnensis, Schum. N.S. 242.

Voluta fulminata, Lamk.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 209. t. 50. f. 51,

52, 53.

Harpula fulminata, Swains. Malac. 318.

Voluta rupestris, Gmelin, Dillwyn.

Fulguraria fulgura, Adams.

Murex fulgora, Martini, iii. f. 841, 942.

Hab. China; Japan.

§§§ Front of the pillar with two or three small oblique plaits, and

generally some small ones behind them.

§. Lyrtia.

Shell fusiform, longitudinally plaited; spire conic; aperture ovate;

pillar-lip with numerous small plaits behind the two larger front ones.

Operculum ?. Teeth ——?

+ Aperture ovate; outer lip moderate, not toothed within ;

inner lip nearly smooth behind.

1. Lyrrta LyR#ForRMIS, Adams, 167.

Voluta lyreformis, Brod. Zool. Journ. ii. 83. t. 3. f. 3; Sow.

Conch. Thes. 217. t. 49. f. 45, 46.

Mitra lyreformis, Swains. Zool. Tlust. t. 54.

Harpula lyriformis, Swains. Malac. 318.

Hab. East coast of Africa.

2. LyRIA MITRIFORMIS, Adams, 167.

Voluta mitriformis, Lamk.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 216. t. 52. f. 81,

82; t. 55. f. 109.

Voluta multicostata, Brod. Zool. Journ. iii. t. 3, f. 2.

Harpula mitreformis, Swains. Malac. 318.

Hab. Australia; Java?

3. Lyria NUCLEUS, Adams, 167.

Voluta Nucleus, Lamk.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 218. t. 55. f. 116.

Poluta Perdicina, Schubert & Wagner.

Voluta harpa, Wood, Cat. Suppl. 11. f. 26.

Harpula Nucleus, Swains. Malac. 318.

Hab. Australia.

4, LyRIA FESTIVA, Gray.

With a black spot on the front of the pillar, and another at the

hinder part of the inner lip near the suture.

Voluta festiva, Lamk.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 218. t. 52. f. 79, 80,

from Lamk. specimen, not D’Orb.

Cymbiola festiva, Swains. Malac. 317; Adams, 163.

Hab. East coast of Africa.

++ Aperture ovate ; outer lip moderate, simple, without any internal

rib; inner lip with numerous small grooves.

5. Lyria cosTATA, Gray.

Voluta costata, Swains. Journ. Sci. xvii. 33; Sow. Conch. Thes.

Dee te OB. sli fos

Voluta lyrata, Humph. MSS. ; Sow. Tank. Cat. n. 2140.

Lyria lyrata, Adams, 167.

Voluta Anna, Lesson, Zool. Ilust.

Harpula Harpa, Swains. Exot. Conch.

Hab. Madagascar ?

6. Lyria DELESSERTIANA, Adams, 167.

Voluta Delessertiana, Petit, Mag. Zool. 1842, t. 52; Sow. Conch.

Thes. 216. t. 52. f. 73, 74.

Hab. North coast of Madagascar, at Nosse-Bé.

ttt Aperture narrow ; outer lip thickened externally with a convex

variz and a strong internal central rib; inner lip smooth.

Eneta.

7. Lyrta (En#@TA) Harps, Gray.

Voluta Harpa, Barnes, Aun. Lyc. N. York, i. 139. t. 9. f. 4;

Sow. Conch. Thes. 215. t. 55. f. 114.

Lyria (Eneta) harpa, Adams, 167.

Hab. Peru.

8. Lyrra (EN2&TA) CYLLENIFORMIS.

Voluta Cylleniformis, Sow. Conch. Thes. 214. t. 55. f. 112, 113.

Lyria (Eneta) cylleniformis, Adams.

Hab. ? Mus. W. Metcalf, Esq.

The shell is strongly spirally striated and costated.

9. Lyria (Enata) GUILDINGII.

Voluta Guildingii, Sow. Conch. Thes. 214. t. 55. f. 110, 111.

Lyria (Eneta) Guildingii, Adams.

Hab. St. Vincent’s.

10. Lyria (En&Ta) Cuminelt.

Voluta Cumingui, Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832-33 ; Sow. Conch.

Thes. 213. t. 55. f. 105, 106, 107.

Lyria (Eneta) Cumingii, Adams.

Hab. Central America; San Salvador; Gulf of Fonseca.

7. CALLIPARA.

Shell oblong, subcylindrical; spire short, nucleus small; mouth

linear ; inner lip —— ; pillar with two small plaits in front. Animal

? Operculum —— ?

1. CALLIPARA BULLATA, Gray.

Voluta bullata, Swains. Zool. Ill. ii. t. 15; Sow. Conch. Thes.

206. t. 53. f. 88; Adams, Gen. Moll. t. 17. f. 6.

Harpula bullata, Swains. Malae. 318.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope; Algoa Bay.

B. Mantle lobes produced and partly covering the shell ; inner lip

produced over the body whorl. Pillar-folds: 4-5, large,

distinct, oblique.

8. VoLUTELLA.

Shell fusiform, smooth, more or less covered with a glassy coat

(often artificially removed in cabinet specimens) ; spire conic, nu-

cleus small or moderate, spiral; aperture ovate elongate, inner lip

expanded, reflexed ; mantle produced on the left side. Teeth ?

Operculum none.

+ Mantle lobes largely expanded, entirely covering the spire, which

is often covered with a callous deposit.

1. VoLUTELLA ANGULATA, D’Orb.

Voluta angulata, Swains. Exot. Conch. t. 3, 4; Malac. 317; Sow.

Conch. Thes. 202. t. 47. f. 13, 14; Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 21.

Voluta Dufresni, Donovan, Nat. Rep. ii. t. 67, 1824.

Voluta narisa, Wagner.

Zidona angulata, Adams, 161.

Hab. West coast of South America; Patagonia.

++ Mantle lobes moderately expanded, covering the lower side of the

spire, and leaving a callous band on the suture of the upper

side ; spire often crowned.

2. VoLuTELLA Scapua, Gray, P. Z. 8.

Voluta Scapha, Gmelin; Sow. Conch. Thes. t. 46. f.12, t.48. f.35.

Aulica Scapha, Adams, Gen. Moll. 161.

Voluta nobilis, Soland.

Hab. China? Australia.

3. VOLUTELLA IMPERIALIS, Gray.

Voluta imperialis, Solander, Lamk., Sow. Conch. Thes. t. 54.

1102.

Voluta Vespertilio, var., Born.

Hab. Philippine Islands ; China.

4, VotuTeLLa Cymsio.a, Gray.

Voluta Cymbiola, Chemn. x. f. 1385, 1386; Sow. Conch. Thes.

tolet 75.76.

Voluta ducalis, var. C, Lamk.

Poluta fammula, Goodall, Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 5.

Melo (Ausoba) Cymbiola, Adams, Gen. Moll. 160.

B.% Voluta Corona, Chemn. x. f. 1387, 1388, cop. Sow. Conch.

Thes. t. 55. f. 120, 121.

Voluta ducalis, var.?: Lamk.

Voluta Athiopica, var. y, Gmelin.

Hab. Amboina.

5. VoLuTetya Soputa, Gray.

Voluta Sophia, Gray, Ann. N. H. ; in Stokes, N. Australia.

Hab. Australia, Endeavour Straits.

6. VoLUTELLA VOLVACEA, Gray.

Voluta flavicans, Gmelin.

Voluta Scrofa, Solander.

Voluta Volva, Chemn.

Voluta volvacea, Lamk.; Sow. Conch. Thes. 195. t. 46. f. 3, 4;

C51. t.. 60.

Voluta modesta, Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 24.

Hab. Australia ; Port Essington.

ttt Mantle lobes moderately expanded, not covering the spire ;

suture simple ; spire not crowned.

7. VOLUTELLA PAPILLosA, Gray.

Voluta papillosa, Swains. Bligh Cat. ; Sow. Conch. Thes. 207.

t. 48. f. 30.

Scaphella papillosa, Swains. Malac. 328.

Scaphella (Alcithoé) papillosa, Adams, 164.

Hab. Australia?; Van Diemen’s Land; Tiger Islands ?

8. VoLUTELLA FULGETRUM.

Voluta fulgetrum, Sow. Tank. Cat. t. 4,5; Conch. Thes. 207.

t. 47. f. 33, 34; Gray, Wood, Cat. Supp. f. 3.

Scaphella (Alcithoé) fulgetrum, Adams, 164.

Hab. Australia; Port Lincoln; Torres Straits.

Il. The following genus has linear, acute teeth, with a narrow,

angularly diverging base ; the mantle enclosed ? ; inner lip of shell

defined ; spire conic, nucleus small, regularly spiral. Operculum

none. Animal oviparous.

9. Amorta.

Shell fusiform, polished; spire conic, nucleus small, spiral; su-

ture of whorls with a callous edge; aperture elongate ; pillar with

five oblique plaits in front.

t+ Spire smooth.

1, Amoria TuRNERI, Gray.

Voluta Turneri, Gray, Griffith A. K. t. 40. f. 1.

Voluta pallida, Gray, Griffith A. K. t. 30. f.4; Sow. Conch.

Thes. 196. t. 53. f. 91-94.

Scaphella Turneri, Adams, 164.

Hab. Australia; Port Essington.

2. AMORIA RETICULATA.

Voluta reticulata, Reeve, Sow. Conch. Thes. 197. t. 49. f. 47, 48.

Scaphella reticulata, Adams, 164.

Hab. Australia.

3. AMORIA UNDULATA, Gray.

Voluta undulata, Lamk., Sow. Conch. Thes. 196. t. 48. f. 28, 29.

Voluta strangulata, Muhlfeld.

Scaphella undulata, Swains. Malac. 328.

Voluta fluctuata, Solander.

Hab. Australia; Van Diemen’s Land.

4, AMORIA MACULATA.

Voluta maculata, Swains. Exot. Conch. t. 38; Sow. Conch. Thes.

196. t. 53. f. 85, 86.

Scaphella maculata, Adams, 163.

Hab. Australia.

5. AMORIA ZEBRA.

Voluta zebra, Leach, Zool. Mise. i. t. 12. f. 1, 1814; Sow. Conch.

Thes. 195. t..53. f. 84, 1822.

Marginella radiata, Lamk.

Scaphella zebra, Adams, 164.

Hab. Australia.

+t Spire nodulose.

6. AMORIA LINEATA.

Voluta lineata, Leach, Zool. Mise. i. t. 12. f. 2.

Voluta zebra, var., Dillwyn, Sow. Conch. Thes. 195. t. 53. f. 83.

Hab. North-east coast of Australia.

7. AMorIA ’ MARMORATA.

Voluta marmorata, Swains., Sow. Conch. Thes. t. 44. f.8 ; Wood,

Cat. Supp. f. 20.

Aulica marmorata, Adams, 161.

Hab. Australia.

There is a shell which has been described as Volutolites abyssicola

by Messrs. Adams and. Reeves, Voy. Samarang; Adams, Gen.

Moll. t. 18. f. 8; found near the Cape of Good Hope; but it is

very doubtful if it is not more nearly related to Cassis than Voluta ;

for the pillar lip is only marked with numerous faint rudimentary

or obsolete plaits, and the shell is costately variced and deeply

striated.

In the above list great attention has been paid to the country

inhabited by the species, and no special habitat has been given unless

specimens have been received directly from the locality recorded.

2. Nore ON THE SIXTEEN Species or Texan Birps* NAMED

BY Mr. Grraup or New York, 1n 1841. By Paitir LutLey

Scuater, M.A.

1. Icrerus AupuBontt, Giraud (no plate), is Psarocolius mela-

nocephalus, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 750. A good figure and interesting

account of this fine species is given by Mr. Cassin in his new work

on the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, &c. pt. 5. p. 137. pl. xxi.

2. Muscicapa TexeENsis, Giraud, pl. 1. This seems very like

Elenia cayennensis (Linn.), (which is included by Mr. Swainson

in his Synopsis of the Birds of Mexico, ) though rather larger in size.

3. Muscricara Lawrencett, Giraud, pl. 2. fig. 1.

4. Muscicapra FULVIFRONS, Giraud, pl. 2. fig. 2.

5. Sytvia Hausen, Giraud, pl. 3. fig. 1. This and the two pre-

ceding species I do not recognise.

6. Muscicapa Deruamit, Giraud, pl. 3. fig. 2, is Muscicapa vul-

nerata, Wagl. Isis, 1831, p. 520; Setophaga vulnerata, Bp. Consp.

p. 313.

7. Muscicara Bexx1, Giraud, pl. 4. fig. 1. This bird I believe

to be Sylvia chrysophrys, Licht. in Mus. Berol. ; Myiodioctes chrys-

ophrys, Licht. Nomencel. p. 32 ; Basileuterus chrysophrys, Bp. Consp.

p- 314. But Mr. Giraud’s name has many years’ precedence, and it

will therefore stand as Basileuterus Belli (Giraud).

8. Parus Levcotis, Giraud, pl. 4. fig. 2, is without doubt Sefo-

phaga rubra, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 368, and has other prior

synonyms.

9. FRINGILLA TEXENSIS, Giraud, pl. 5. fig. 1, is Chrysomitris

mexicana (Sw.); Carduelis mexicana, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 435.

* Descriptions of sixteen new species of North American birds, collected in

Texas, 1838, described in the ‘ Annals of the New York Lyceum of Nat. Hist.’ by

Jacob P. Giraud, Jun.—New York, 1841, 1 vel. fol.

No. CCLXXXVIII.—ProceepInGs of THE ZOOLOGICALSOCIETY.

10. PrerA GALERICULATA, Giraud, pl. 5. fig. 2=Huphonia ele-

gantissima (Bp.) ; Pipra elegantissima, Bp. Pr. Z.8. 1837, p. 112,

and has other synonyms.

11. Muscrcapa Levucomus, Giraud, pl. 6. fig. 1, is Setophaga

picta, Sw. Zool. Ill. n.s. pl. 3.

12. Muscicapa Brasrert, Giraud, pl. 6. fig. 2, seems to be the

same as Basileuterus culicivorus, Bp. Consp. p. 313; Sylvia culier-

vora, Licht. in Mus. Berol., which in that case must be called Basi-

leuterus Brasieri (Giraud).

13. MuscicapA RUBRIFRONS, Giraud, pl. 7. fig. 1. This very

pretty bird is named in Bonaparte’s Consp. p. 312, Cardellina amicta,

Dubus; and a reference is given to that author’s ‘ Esquisses Orni-

thologiques,’ 1850, t. 25, which, unless I am much mistaken, is

still unpublished. Be that as it may, Mr. Giraud’s name has many

years’ priority, and the bird will stand as Cardellina rubrifrons

(Giraud).

14. Synvia oxtvacea, Giraud, pl. 7. fig. 2, is Sylvia teniata, Du-

bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiv. part 2. p. 104; Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 245.

Mr. Giraud’s name has the priority.

15. Cerruia ALBIFRONS, Giraud, pl. 8, is Sa/pinctes mexicanus,

Bp. Consp. p. 224; Thryothorus mewicanus, Sw. Zool. Il. n.s. pl. 11.

16. ALaupA minor, Giraud (no plate), is an Ofocorys, probably

the same as Wagler’s Alauda chrysolema, Isis, 1831, p. 530;

Otocorys chrysolema, Bp. Consp. p. 246. But there is much con-

fusion at present among the American, as among the Old-World

species of this genus.

I have thought it worth while to give the previous list of the

Texan birds described by Mr. Giraud, and some remarks on their

synonymy, as his book appears to be very little known on this side

of the Atlantic. The only copy I have seen is that in the Society’s

Library, to which it was presented by the author. It will be observed

that by far the greater portion of the species have been also noticed

by European naturalists, though in some cases subsequently to Mr.

Giraud’s publication of them.

3. On a New Species OF THE Genus TopirostruUM oF LESSON.

By Partie Luriey Scuater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. LX XXIV.)

ToprrostruM nicricers. Pl. LXXXIV. fig. 1.

T. supra flavo-olivaceum : alis caudaque nigris ; rectricibus et re-

migibus primariis stricte, secondariis autem et alarum tectricibus

latius flavescente limbatis : pileo cum nucha et capitis lateribus

nigris: subtus flavum; gutture et crisso albis: rostro pedi-

busque nigris.

Proc. Z.5. Aves. LXXXIy.

olf ith M. & N.Hanhart Imp*

(1) TODIROSTRUM NIGRICEPS, Sedadzer

(a oe SIDER ae

£4°4/ OIULALINV LAW DLITLHAGCUNIALY Hui

,dury UIeYUeH NRW

Long. tota 3:4, ale 1°5, caude 1:1.

Hab. Santa Martha in Nov. Grenada.

De Lafresnaye has given an account of the species of this peculiar

South American genus of Tyrants in the ‘ Revue Zoologique’ for

1846, p. 360. Bonaparte in his ‘Conspectus’ has rather extended

the list; but his 4th and 5th species from Desmarest seem rather

doubtful, and the Muscicapa diops of Temminck is, I believe, quite

incorrectly stated to be identical with Hartlaub’s Todirostrum grana-

dense, and does not belong to this genus. There is also little doubt

that Todus melanocephalus, Spix, is the same as Todus cinereus,

Linn., and the first and third species of the Conspectus are therefore

coequal. The latest additions to this genus are :—

1. T. ruficeps, Kp. in these Proceedings, 1851, p. 52=T7. multi-

color, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1852, pl. 85. fig. 2.—(Todirostrum pecto-

rale, Kp.of the same page does not differ from Hartlaub’s granadense.)

2. T. chrysocrotaphum, Strick]. Cont. Orn. 1850, p- 48. pl. 49.

3. T. striaticolle, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 58.

4. T. fumifrons, Hart]. Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 35; and

9. T. rufilatum, Hartl. l. c. 1855, p. 98.

The present elegant species I cannot identify with any of those

previously described. It is a typical Todirostrum, and may be placed

near 7’. cinereum, the type of the genus, from which it is easily

distinguished by its pure black head, yellowish-olive back, and white

throat. I obtained the only example of it I have yet seen from the

MM. Verreaux, by whom it was received along with many other

rare and valuable species from Santa Martha, on the north coast of

New Grenada. ;

Mr. Gould has specimens of the Todirostrum spiciferum, Lafr.

(Aves, Pl. LXXXIV. fig. 2), from Chamicurros in North-east Peru.

This species, with its largely-developed crest, quite reminds one of

the Muscivora regia (Gm.).

April 10th, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Descriptions or Ercut New Species oF Birps rrom

Souto AMERICA.

By Joun Govutp, Esa., F.R.S. ere.

(Aves, Pl. LXXXIIL.)

Before describing the following birds, all of which are in my own

collection, I would remark, that I have submitted them to the in-

spection of Mr. P. L. Sclater, who has paid much attention to South

American birds, and who pronounces them new to science; I there-

fore embrace the earliest opportunity of placing them upon record.

1. CaMPpYLORHYNCHUS HyPostTictTus, Gould.

General hue of the upper surface brown, the feathers edged with

greyish-brown, producing a somewhat spotted appearance ; from

above each eye, down the side of the neck, an obscure streak of

buffy-white ; upper tail-coverts dark brown, fringed with reddish-

brown; along the margins of the primaries a series of dark brown

dots on a light brown ground; tail brown, with lighter edges dotted

with dark brown like the primaries; under surface greyish-white,

with a streak of light brown down the centre of each feather, small

on the throat, gradually increasmg on the abdomen, and assuming

the form of bars on the flanks; under tail-coverts buff, barred with

dark brown ; irides red; bill light horn-colour ; feet olive-brown.

Total length, 83 inches; bill, 1 ; wing, 33; tail, 32; tarsi, 1.

Hab. River Ucayali in Peru.

Remark.—This species is very closely allied to C. scolopaceus,

Spix, but differs in being of a rather larger size, in having a some-

what more curved bill, a more uniformly coloured back, and in the

greater number and larger size of the brown markings of the under

surface, which, moreover, extend on to the upper part of the neck

and throat.

2. CHAM2ZA NOBILIS, Gould.

Head very dark brown suffused with rufous ; upper surface, wings

and tail-coverts rich reddish or saffron-brown; tail reddish-brown,

crossed by a broad black band near the end, and slightly tipped with

buffy-white on the centre feathers, and much more conspicuously

on the lateral ones; lores fawn-colour; under surface white, the

feathers of the breast broadly, and those of the centre of the abdo-

men narrowly bordered on the sides with brownish-black ; on the

flanks the latter hue increases to such an extent as to leave only a

lanceolate stripe of the white down the centre of each feather ; under

tail-coverts buff, speckled with brown; above each eye a narrow

streak of buff commencing a little in advance of the centre of the

eye, and extending downwards as low as the nape ; irides brown ;

bill black ; feet reddish-brown.

Total length, 94 inches; bill, 11; wing, 43; tail, 24; tarsi, 1}.

Hab. Chamicurros, on the eastern side of Peru.

Remark.—This is the largest and perhaps the finest species of the

genus: its legs and feet are very powerful, its bill thick and strong,

its tail very short and rounded, its wings concave, and its plumage

offers that silkiness to the touch which is so characteristic of the

members of the genus Chameza, of which it forms im every sense a

typical example.

3. Formicartius NIGRIFRONS, Gould.

Band across the forehead black ; crown, occiput and nape deep

chestnut ; upper surface and wings rich brown ; central primaries

edged at the base with yellowish-brown; base of the inner web of

the primaries and secondaries golden, showing conspicuously on the

under surface, but not perceptible on the upper; the outer covert at

the shoulder with a streak of ochreous-yellow along the margin of

its outer web ; tail brown at the base, gradually deepening into black

at the tip; throat, neck and breast sooty-black; abdomen and

under tail-coverts fuliginous-brown, assuming an olive tint on the

flanks ; irides brown; bill black ; feet dark brown.

Total length, 7 inches; bill, 2; wing, 33; tail, 24; tarsi, 14.

Hab. Chamicurros, on the eastern side of Peru.

Remark.—About the same size and nearly allied to F. Cayennensis,

but may be at once distinguished from that species by the bar of

black on the forehead.

4. FoRMICARIUS ERYTHROPTERUS, Gould.

Head, upper and under surface and the tail black ; feathers of the

shoulders and mantle fringed with grey, giving it a scale-like appear-

ance ; those of the back fringed in a similar manner, but so nar-

rowly as to be scarcely apparent; tail-coverts black, edged with

rusty-red ; extreme edge of the shoulder white ; wing-coverts black,

tipped with dark rust-red, forming first a narrow bar of red, and

then a broad one of black ; primaries rusty-red, largely tipped with

black ; secondaries rusty-red at the base, then black and tipped with

rusty-red, the extent of the red increasing as the feathers approach

the body ; orbits naked and apparently red ; bill black ; feet fleshy-

brown.

Total length, 63 inches; bill, 3; wing, 33; tail, 24; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Interior of Demerara.

Remark.—This is a very fine species. The specimen above de-

scribed, which is the only one I have seen, is in my own collection.

5. SCHISTOCHLAMYS SPECULIGERA, Gould.

Head, neck, breast, back, wings and tail black ; base of the third,

fourth and succeeding primaries white, forming a small conspicuous

patch in the centre of the wing; lower part of the back, rump and

upper tail-coverts grey ; under surface of the wing, abdomen and

under tail-coverts white; flanks grey, with a few black feathers

interspersed on the sides of the chest ; irides red; bill, legs and

feet greenish.

Total length, 63 inches; bill, 3; wing, 3; tail, 3; tarsi, 2.

Hab. River Ucayali in Peru.

6. THAMNOPHILUS Corvinus, Gould.

The entire plumage deep black with the exception of the shoulders,

on which is a broad mark of white ; bill black ; feet dark olive.

Total length, 7 inches ; bill, 13; wing, 33; tail, 25; tarsi, 13.

Hab. River Ucayali in Peru.

7. THAMNOPHILUS MELANURUS, Gould. (PI. LXXXIII).

Male.—Crown and sides of the head, crest, back, lesser wing-

coverts and tail, black; the wing-coverts tipped with white; re-

mainder of the wing blackish-brown ; throat and all the under surface

white ; bill black, becoming lighter at the base; feet olive-brown.

Total length, 83 inches; bill, 1}; wing, 33; tail, 33; tarsi, 14.

Female.—Crown of the head, crest, upper surface of the body,

wings and tail, chestnut ; throat and chest white, passing into the

mingled grey and sandy-red of the flanks; feathers clothing the

thighs rusty-red tipped with white ; bill blackish-brown ; feet olive-

brown.

Hab. River Ucayali in Peru; I have also received examples from

Bogota. I must remark, however, that the specimens from the latter

locality are somewhat smaller than those from Peru.

8. THAMNOPHILUS HYPERYTHRUS, Gould.

Crown and sides of the head, all the upper surface and tail, slaty-

black ; wings brownish-black, with a spot of white at the tip of each

of the coverts, forming three semicircular rows across the wing ;

chin, breast and abdomen rich dark chestnut-red, gradually blend-

ing on the flanks and vent into the dark hue of the upper surface ;

bill black ; feet olive-brown.

Total length, 7 inches; bill, 1 ; wing, 33; tail, 23; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Chamicurros in Peru.

Remark.—lI believe the above to be the description of a female.

2. Notes ON THE Hasits OF SOME INDIAN Birps.

By Lieut. Burcess. Part IX.

Genus ARDEA.

Subgenus Eererra (Swainson).

ArpEA CaspoGa. CatrLe Heron.

This active little Heron is abundant in the Deccan, and, as its

name implies, is a constant attendant on cattle, running about amongst

them, and picking off the flies that settle on them. I give the fol-

lowing from my note-book on their habits :—‘‘ Towards the end of

November I observed a number of the common small White Heron

feeding near some cattle, and the same day twenty or thirty others,

and there were probably more feeding in fields of the toor plant;

they appeared to be picking up food from the ground, and were in

constant motion, frequently taking short flights from one part of

the field to the other. I observed the same birds next morning

sitting on a banian tree within the walls of a village; they quite

whitened the top of the tree with their numbers.

** Ist May, 1848.—Observed that the small White Heron has at

this season of the year the fawn-coloured neck, and also that the

long feathers falling over the breast are fawn-coloured.

“12th May.—Saw numbers of the small White Heron feeding

amongst the sheep and along the grass plain at Khoonthephi.

“18th May.—Observed a flock of fifty-nine small White Herons

in a ploughed field picking up the worms and insects brought out by

last night’s heavy rain ; several of them were without the fawn-colour

on the neck, head and breast.”’

“8th May, 1849.—Saw five or six of the small White Heron feed-

ing amongst cattle. They keep close to the animals whilst feeding,

and I saw one evidently picking the flies off a bullock ; all these had

more or less of the buff-colour on the neck. It is extremely amusing

to observe these birds chasing flies, their long neck stretched out as

they follow every turn and twist of the fly, which is seized imme-

diately it has settled.”’

The Cattle Heron breeds during the month of April, building in

tall trees. The nest is composed of sticks, and contains four eggs of

a pale greenish-blue colour, 1,8; in. in length by 1,3; im. in width.

I obtained eleven eggs from one tree on which there were twenty

nests. I do not know if it has been satisfactorily determined whe-

ther both sexes assume the buff head and neck during the breeding

season.

Subgenus Nycricorax.

Arpra Nycticorax. Nicut Heron.

Is a tolerably common bird in the Upper Deccan, but from its

habit of roosting during the day in thick lofty trees, which it leaves

for the streams after dusk, is not often observed. Its harsh grating

cry is heard in the early dawn as it returns to its hiding-places. I

made several attempts to obtain its nest and eggs, but without suc-

cess, neither could I learn its time of breeding ; however, I shot

a young bird on 3rd December, with some down remaining on its

head, which circumstance leads me to believe that they do not breed

at the same time as others of the Heron tribe. Dr. Jerdon says,

“it breeds on palm and other trees, many nests together.” The

Night Heron of England, identical I believe with that of India,

“builds in trees,’’ says Mr. Yarrell, “and lays four pale greenish-

blue eggs, rather more than 2 in. in length by 13 in. in breadth.”

Genus PLATALEA.

PLATALEA LEUCORODIA. WHITE SPOONBILL.

I have seen flocks of these birds on the river Godavery, and occa-

sionally on the smaller streams. They breed during the month of

April, building in tall trees on the border of a stream. I append

a note on the subject: —“18th April, 1848. Found the White

Spoonbill breeding in a peepul tree beside a stream. The nest was

not, like those of the species of Tantalus and Iéis, built on the top

of the tree, but on the outside branches, about two-thirds from

the ground ; it was composed of sticks, and appeared small for so

large a bird. It contained four eggs of a white colour, spotted with

pale red, of much the same size as those of the Tantalus leucoce-

phalus.”” The egg is 258; in. in length, by rather more than 15, in.

in breadth. The gizzard of the male bird, which I shot rising from

the nest whence the eggs were taken, was of a strong and rough tex-

ture, much like that of a fowl; it contained some bright yellow sub-

stance, a few small stones, a seed, and a few small particles of grass.

Although the Spoonbill does not build its nest in the same situation

as the Tantalus or Ibis, I quite agree with Dr. Jerdon that the

Spoonbill shows more affinity to the Ibis than to the Herons, from

the size and colouring of its eggs; and I believe that the more the

study of oology is taken up, the more clearly will it be shown that birds

may be nearly as well classed by the number and colour of their

eggs and their mode of nidification, as by their external form and

internal organization. The egg is white, with a belt of light red

spots at the larger end.

Genus Ciconia (Briss.).

Ciconta LEUCOCEPHALA (Jerdon). WHITE-NECKED STORK.

I have but seldom met with this handsomely-marked bird, but I

was fortunate enough to find it in its breeding haunts, and to secure

its eggs. On the 7th March 1850, I found a pair of these Storks

breeding in rather a low peepul tree; the nest was composed of

sticks, and contained four white eggs, nearly 2,5 in. in length,

by nearly 1,%, in. in breadth. On the same tree a Black Vulture

(Vultur ponticerianus) had also built its nest, containing one egg.

In February I found young birds ; when hatched, the beak and bare

skin of the face are of a dull greenish-black, irides brown; the body

is covered with light brownish fawn-coloured down, legs and feet

dull brownish-orange. On one tree were two nests, each containing

two young. The nests were composed of sticks, and built near the

top of the tree, a tall Indian fig, the stem of which was partly within

the walls of a village. These birds, I was informed, breed in the

same tree every year.

Genus Tantatus (L.).

TANTALUS LEUCOCEPHALUS. PELICAN I[sIs.

The Pelican Ibis, as it is called by Dr. Jerdon, is a common bird

in the Deccan, frequenting rivers and tanks, and feeding, I believe,

chiefly on fish. Its large size renders it remarkable, particularly

during the breeding season, when the back and scapulars attain

their particularly rich rosy tint. These birds are social, feeding in

flocks. Iwas told by the natives of a village close to a tank fre-

quented by them, and close to one of their breeding places, that

when they fish in the tank they walk in the shallow water in line,

driving the fish before them. In another village, about ten miles

from the Godavery River, where there are a great number of large

banian trees both outside and inside the walls, I found a commu-

nity of these birds, which had built their nests on them, probably

to the number of fifty. The trees inside the walls were as thickly

covered with nests as those outside, and the birds, which appeared

docile and tame, did not mind the noise of the people passing beneath

them. At the time that I visited the village, the young birds were

all well-fledged, and most of them able to fly. The village people

informed me that the old birds move off to the river in the very

early dawn, and having caught a sufficient supply for their young,

return about eight or nine o’clock. A second expedition is made

during the afternoon. Some idea of the quantity of fish caught by

these birds may be gathered from what the people told me, that

quantities of fine fish were dropped by the old birds when feeding

their young, and were eaten by them. A young bird of this spe-

cies which I shot in Scinde, disgorged a large quantity of small

eels. This Ibis breeds during the month of February. The nest

is composed of small sticks, and is placed at the top of the trees.

If there are many on the same tree, they are placed pretty close

together. They lay three or four eggs, of a dull opake white,

nearly 255 in. in length, by rather more than 1,8, in. in width.

The young birds are able to fly by the month of May. I kept a

young bird which had dropped from the nest and broken its wing in

my garden for three or four months. It was most gentle and quiet,

occasionally only snapping its strong beak at any person it did not

like. In a short time it recognized the person who fed it, and when-

ever he made his appearance it would walk towards him, uttering a

piteous cry, flapping its long wings and bowing its head towards

him. It was a most ludicrous sight, which many came to see. It

was fed on fresh fish, and would not touch any that were at all

tainted. Another young bird which I also kept, would devour the

bodies of birds brought in for stuffing, and did not appear at all par-

ticular as to the quality of its food. The stomach of an old bird

contained a grassy substance, the remains of fish, and what appeared

to be the claw of a small crab. I give a description of a young bird

taken on 20th April. The beak dark lead-brown, darkest at the

base, which is very thick; the skin on the face and forehead the

same blackish lead-colour ; the feathers on the head brownish-grey ;

the feathers on the neck of an ashy-brown, mixed with down.

Shoulders ashy, with light brown edges ; scapulars much the same,

with much lighter ash edges ; the centres of the feathers darkest in

colour ; lesser wing-coverts brownish-black, with an ashy tinge and

light ashy edges; larger coverts dark greyish-black; outer webs

tipped with whitish ash-colour, and inner webs tinged with the same

colour on the edges. Tertials much the same colour as the greater

coyerts, but tinged with rose-colour. Primaries and secondaries

black, with green reflections; back beautiful pale rose-colour ; upper

tail-coverts dusky grey ; tail-feathers twelve, black, with bright green

reflections. The breast, belly and sides covered with beautiful white

down, interspersed on the breast with some dark ash-grey feathers,

and on the sides with white, tinged with delicate rose-colour; the

whole of the back is also covered with beautiful down. This bird

was evidently a nestling, the first feathers having scarcely grown

enough to cover the body.

No. CCLXXXIX.—Procrerpincs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society.

Genus Insts.

Ipis pAPILLOsA (Temm.). Warty-HEADED Isis.

This Ibis is more common than the Black-headed, and is fond of

open places, as well as the sandy shores of the larger streams and

rivers. They are seen in flocks in the open country, picking up in-

sects; the stomach of one which I shot contained nothing but the

heads, legs, and wing-cases of locusts; that of a second was full of

large grasshoppers, and a lizard; that of a third was filled with the

chrysalides ? of butterflies. At the approach of evening the Warty

Ibis retires to thick trees to roost, uttering its loud and discordant

ery. It breeds during the months of February, March, April, May

and June, laying as many as three, and probably four eggs, of a pale

bluish-white, slightly streaked and spotted with pale brown, 2545 in.

in length, by nearly 1,4 in. in width. I found the nest of this Ibis

built on the top of a peepul tree (a species of Banian), and containing

three young birds, in the month of March.

April 24, 1855.

John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following paper was read :—

1. ON SOME NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF BIRDS IN THE

Drersy Museum at LiverRPoo..

By Pature Lutury Sciater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. LXXXV.—LXXXVIII.)

The zoological collection of the late Earl of Derby, now at Liver-

pool, contains one of the largest and finest series of birds at present

im existence, many of the examples being valuable not only for their

rarity, but also as types of species described long ago by Latham in

his ‘ General History’ and other works, and which are hardly to be

recognized without examination of the original specimens. :

Mr. Thomas Moore, the present Curator, is busily engaged in

arranging this mass of materials, and affords every facility to those

who are anxious to inspect any of the objects committed to his care.

Among the birds I have had an opportunity of examining there

during a recent short visit are the following, which I venture to

characterize as new.

1, CoNIROSTRUM FERRUGINEIVENTRE, Sclater. (Pl. LXXXV.)

C. cerulescenti-schistaceum, pileo et alis caudaque intus nigri-

cantibus : superciliis latis et elongatis albis: subtus intense

Serrugineum aut ferrugineo-rufum.

Long. tota 4°9, alee 2°75, caudee 2:0.

Hab. in Bolivia.

ies) oe .

i ry Tr,

Proc. 4.8 Aves eee

T Wat +h == ~

J. YVOU 1th YO IN. Hannay

This is a typical Conirostrum, and quite distinct, I think, from

any species hitherto described. The members of this genus with

which I am at present acquainted are—

1. ConrROsTRUM CINEREUM (Lafr. and d’Orb.); D’Orb. Voy.

Ois. pl. 59. fig. 1. From Tacna in Peru and Sicasica in Bolivia.

2. ConrrostRuM RUFUM, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1843. Dacnis

rufo-cinerea, Bp. Atti 6" Riun. Sc. It. 1845, p. 404, et Consp.

p- 401. From Bogota.

3. ControstRuM sitticoLtor, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 102.

C. bicolor, Less.; Gray’s Gen. pl.34. From Bogota.

4, ConrrostRUM ALBIFRONS, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 301; Mag.

de Zool. 1843, Ois. t. 35 (from which, I believe, C. atrocyaneum,

Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 9, and C. ceruleifrons, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 302,

only differ in age or sex). From Bogota.

Conirostrum superciliosum of Hartlaub, R. Z. 1844, p. 215, and

Bp. Consp. p. 402. sp. 5, is a true Sylvicola of Swainson, the same

as Parula mexicana, Bp. Consp. p. 310, and has of course nothing

to do with these birds.

The only other species that have been referred to this genus, as

far as I am aware, are Conirostrum ornatum, Townshend, Ann. Lyc.

New York, 1851, p. 112, pl. 5. fig. 1, from Texas (the same as

Aigithalus flaviceps of Sundeval, according to Dr. Hartlaub), and the

C. fuscum and colombianum of Lesson, Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois.

pp- 273 and 274, none of which I have as yet recognized.

2. SYNALLAXIS ERYTHROTHORAX, Sclater. (Pl. LXXXVI.)

S. fuscus, olivaceo-tinctus, capite obscuriore: gutture nigro-

cinereo: alis extus, nisi parte apicali, tectricibus subalaribus

et vitta lata pectorali rufo-castaneis: ventre medio cineras-

cente, lateribus brunnescenti-olivaceis: cauda brunnea: rostro

nigro: pedibus brunneis.

Long. tota 5°3, ale 2°3, caude 2°5.

Hab. in America Centrali; Coban et Honduras.

Of this Synallaxis, which seems different from all other members

of the genus that I am acquainted with, there is a specimen in the

Derby Museum procured at Coban by Delattre in 1843. The

British Museum contains an example from Honduras, and I have a

single skin in my own collection purchased in Paris, which I believe

to be from the same locality. The occurrence of species of this

group north of the Isthmus of Panama seems hitherto unnoticed,

except by the Prince Charles Bonaparte, in a list of a Guatimala

collection of birds in these Proceedings for 1837, p. 118, in which

he includes the Synallawis cinerascens of Temminck (Pl. Col. 227.

fig. 3). But the characters there given do not at all agree with

Temminck’s bird, and would seem more applicable to the present

species. Besides, the true Synallaxis cinerascens is said to be from

Brazil, and is not likely to occur also in Guatimala.

In my specimen of the present species the throat is slightly speckled

with whitish.

3. RAMPHOCENUS CINEREIVENTRIS, Sclater. (Pl. LXXXVII.)

R. olivaceo-brunneus ; capitis lateribus rufis, spatio postoculari

nigro: alis extus brunnescentibus : gutture albo, nigro-cineras-

cente striato: abdomine cinerascente, medialiter albescentiore,

lateraliter autem olivascentiore: cauda nigricanti-fusca : rostri

mandibula superiore nigrescente, hujus autem apice et mandi-

bula inferiore albidis.

Long. tota 4:0, alee 2:0, caudee 1:3.

Hab. in rep. Nove Grenade, Pasto.

A third species of this peculiar genus, beautifully intermediate in

colouring as in locality between the Ramphocenus melanurus of

Brazil and the rufiventris of Central America. When I say a third

species, I am perhaps doing an injustice to M. Lesson, who has

already described a third and a fourth. But I have never seen the

Ramphoceni trinitatis* and viridis}, and indeed they are hardly

likely to be recognized again from such meagre descriptions.

The Ramphocenus cinereiventris, of which there is only one

example in the Derby Museum, was procured at Pasto, in the

mountains of New Grenada, by the indefatigable Delattre. It is a

rather shorter-billed bird than the other two to which I have com-

pared it. Like R. rufiventris, it has the sides of the head rufous,

but differs in showing a well-marked postocular spot. It is also

striated on the throat lixe that species, but has no tinge of rufous on

the abdomen, which is darkish cinereous. The tail of the specimen,

I regret to say, is not quite perfect, but there is no appearance of the

white markings which are the distinguishing characteristic of the

Guatimalan bird.

The Derby Museum contains examples of R. rufiventris from

Coban and Panama, and also specimens of R. melanurus. The latter

species appears to extend from the Amazon, where Mr. Wallace

collected specimens in the neighbourhood of Para, to South Brazil,

where Prince Maximilian of Neuwied notices its occurrence under

the name of T'roglodytes gladiator, Beit. iii. p. 751.

4, CyPHORINUS ALBIGULARIS, Sclater. (Pl. LXXXVIII.)

C. intense rufo-brunneus: alis extus obsolete nigro-fasciolatis ;

cauda nigra, brunneo fasciata: capitis lateribus nigris; super-

ciliis posticis et gutture toto pure albis: abdomine crissoque

nigris, fasciis minutis albidis transvittatis: rostro nigro, tomiis

pallidis : pedibus nigris.

Long. tota 5°75, alee 2°7, caude 2:1.

Heb. in Isthmo Panama.

This fine large typical Cyphorinus, distinguishable by its pure white

throat and dark closely-banded under plumage, is also due to the

* Lesson, Rey. Zool. 1839, p. 42. 2. pileo rufa: dorso et alis brunneo-rufis :

corpore infra niveo, lateribus griseis.

t Lesson, Traité d’Orn. p. 377. Vert-olivdtre en dessus, jaune en dessous !

J Wolf

lith

Yeas Ave,

XXXVI

researches of M. Delattre, by whom it was brought from the Isthmus

of Panama. The only species I can find which resembles it in some

degree is Cyphorinus leucostictus,Cab. Orn. Notiz. in Wiegm. Archiv,

1844, p. 206; Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 673. sp. 37, from Mexico and

Guiana ; but that would appear to be a much smaller bird, and has

the under parts from the chin to the belly white, with the sides

and crissum reddish-brown.

Among the rare types in the Derby Museum is Mr. Eyton’s

Dendrevetastes capitoides (Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 76). This does not

seem to me different from M. de Lafresnaye’s Dendrocolaptes tem-

mincki (Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 154. pl. 4), named about

the same time, but I think the latter term has a slight precedence

in point of date, and the bird will therefore stand as Dendrexetastes

temmincki, if thought worthy of continuing to rank as a separate

genus. The Derby Museum specimen is, to judge by its make, de-

cidedly a Cayenne skin. The Denrocolaptes temmincki in the Ley-

den Museum is said to be from Bogota.

Upon examining Dr. Kaup’s Psaris fraseri, of these Proceedings,

1851, p.47, I found it the same as Tityra albitorques, Du Bus,

Bull. Ac. Brux. 1847, xiv. pt. 2. p.104; and his Psaris parinus,

ib. p. 48, seems to me very closely allied to, if not identical with,

Pachyramphus atricapillus (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 687. fig. 1.

I can also confirm what Dr. Hartlaub has said in Wiegmann’s

Archiv, 1854, that Todirostrum pectorale, Kp., of the same paper

is T. granadense, Hartl., T. ruficeps, Kp.=T. multicolor, Strickl.,

and Setophaga flammea, Kp. = 8S. intermedia, Hartl. R. Z. 1853,

p- 5. Butin the two latter cases Dr. Kaup’s names were first given,

though from the long delay in publishing the Proceedings the others

were first published.

When criticising other writers, it is proper also to mention my own

mistakes ; and I take this opportunity therefore of stating, that m

Tenioptera striaticollis of these Proceedings, 1851, p. 193 (of which

the Derby Museum contains examples), has been long ago named

and figured in D’Orbigny’s Voyage as Tyrannus rufiventris, p. 312.

pl. 32. fig. 2.

May 8, 1855.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., in the Chair.

Mr. Gould exhibited a portion of a collection of birds formed by

Mr. Hauxwell in a district lying on the eastern side of the Peru-

vian Andes, in the neighbourhood of the River Ucayali, one of the

tributaries of the Upper Amazon. Mr. Gould observed, that the

exploration of this particular district had been one of the earliest

objects of his own ornithological ambition, but that until within the

last few years no naturalist had visited it. The splendid collection

sent by Mr. Hauxwell, of which the birds exhibited to the Meet-

ing formed a part, fully bore out the anticipations entertained by

Mr. Gould, that when explored it would prove one of the richest

and most interesting ornithological districts with which we are ac-

quainted.

Amongst the birds exhibited were some Cotingas, differing from

the ordinary species found in the lower countries of Brazil, and

remarkable from the splendour of their colouring, together with spe-

cies of Pheenicercus, Rhamphocelus, &c., of the most dazzling bril-

liancy. As a contrast to these, Mr. Gould exhibited a series of dull-

coloured Thamnophili, also contained in this collection, and remarked

that this striking difference in the coloration of birds inhabiting the

same locality was due almost entirely to their different degrees of

exposure to the sun’s rays; the brilliantly coloured species being

inhabitants of the edges of the forests, where they fly about amongst

the highest branches of the trees, whilst the others form a group of

short-winged insectivorous birds, which inhabit the low scrub in the

heart of the dense humid jungle, where the sun’s rays can rarely,

if ever, penetrate.

Mr. Gould also remarked, that the colours of the more brilliant

species from the banks of the Ucayali, a district situated towards the

centre of the South American continent, were far more splendid than

those of the species representing them in countries nearer to the sea,

and from this circumstance he took occasion to observe that birds

from the central parts of continents were always more brilliantly

coloured than those inhabiting insular or maritime countries. This

rule applies equally to birds of the same species, the Tits of Central

Europe being far brighter in colour than British specimens. Mr.

Gould had observed that the like difference existed between spe-

cimens of the same species inhabiting Van Diemen’s Land and the

continent of Australia. He attributed this principally to the greater

density and cloudiness of the atmosphere in islands, and countries

bordering the sea; and in further illustration of the influence of

light upon colour, he stated, that the dyers of this country are never

able to produce tints equal in brilliancy to those obtained by their

continental rivals, and that in England they never attempt to dye

scarlets in cloudy weather.

The following papers were then read :—

1. DEscRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF RUTICILLA FROM

Erzreroum. By Joun Goutp, F.R.S. erc.

RUTICILLA ERYTHROPROCTA, Gould.

Forehead black; crown of the head clouded silvery-grey ; back,

shoulders, throat, chest, and the upper part of the abdomen, jet-

black ; lower part of the abdomen, upper and under tail-coverts dull

red ; tail-feathers dull red, except the two middle ones, which are

brownish-black ; wings both above and beneath brownish-black ;

some of the secondaries slightly fringed with silvery-grey ; bill and

feet black.

Total length, 5} inches; bill, £; wing, 3}; tail, 25; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Erzeroum.

Remark.—Nearly allied to, and about the size of, R. Tithys ; but

differing from that species in the under surface of the shoulder being

darker, and the lower part of the abdomen being red instead of

greyish-white.

In my own collection.

2. Norrs oN THE Birps or WeEsTERN INnpIA.

By Litrvut. BurGess.

Family Raviipz.

Genus Funica, L.

Fuuica AtRA. Baup Coot.

I found some of these birds breeding on the Singwa tauk, situ-

ated about eighteen miles north of the station of Ahmednuggur, on

21st August, 1849. I obtained three eggs and three nestlings, which

were marked as follows: head, neck, breast and back covered with

bright orange-red, hair-like feathers ; beak crimson, tip white ; lower

part of the back dark lead-colour, nearly black; near the beak the

face was covered with bright scarlet pustules ; irides brown; legs

and feet dark lead-colour. The young birds swam with surprising

rapidity. I was attracted at first by the unusual movements of the

old birds, who swam backwards and forwards with great swiftness at

some distance from the nest, showing great uneasiness, and when I

was handling their young appeared quite distracted.

The egg is rather more than 2, in. in length, by nearly 1,3, in.

in width, of a stone-colour, spotted with numberless small specks of

brown, and some larger spots of dark brown and grey.

Family ScoLopacip&.

Genus Scotorax.

Subgenus Ruyncu a (Cuv.).

Ruyncua picta (Gray). ParnTep SNIPE.

I quite think that the Painted Snipe breeds in the Deccan, or at

least some few of them, as I have had both male and female birds

sent to me in the middle of July, which were shot near Ahmednug-

gur. The female was in remarkably rich and beautiful plumage.

It is very probable that some breed annually in the rushy grounds

bordering the large tank at Singwa.

Subgenus ScoLopax.

ScoLtopax NEMoRICOLA. SowiTary SnireE of the Neilgherries.

Dr. Jerdon in his Catalogue says, “It is a rare visitant to the

Neilgherries during the cold season, and has not, as far as I am

aware, been killed elsewhere in the Peninsula.” I believe the Snipe

mentioned in the following note, which I made at Nassick, to be the

same bird :—

‘« Solitary, or rather, a very large Snipe, shot at Nassick by Lieut.

Boddam of the Engineers : a very fine specimen; the plumage of a

very dark dim colour, and the tints on the scapulars not very bright.

Shot 5th January, 1847.”

Family CHARADRIADE.

Genus CHARADRIUS.

CHARADRIUS PLUVIALIS. GOLDEN PLover, L.

I have never met with this Plover in the Deccan, but shot them

on the sandy plains near Kurachee in Scinde. Dr. Jerdon says,

that it ‘‘is but rarely met with in the Peninsula. I have only seen

it on two or three occasions on the banks of large rivers on the table-

land, and on grass plains near the sea-coast, usually in small flocks

of five or six. I have seen specimens killed in the neighbourhood of

Madras in the breeding plumage, viz. with the whole under surface

of the body deep black. It therefore most probably breeds in this

country.”

CHARADRIUS MINOR, Wagl. Lesser Rincep PLover.

I believe the egg sent with this paper to be that of the Lesser

Ringed Plover; if so, this bird breeds in the Deccan in the month of

April, laying its eggs on sand-banks in the middle of the larger

_rivers. ‘The egg forwarded was from a sand-bank in the river

Bheema. These pretty little lively birds are common in the Deccan,

resorting to the beds of streams and sandy shallows and banks of

rivers. They are difficult birds to shoot, being very restless, con-

tinually taking short flights, and running about with great activity

along the water’s edge; their food consists of worms, small shells

and grass ; they lay as many as three eggs I believe; the eggs are

deposited on the bare sand The egg is rather more than 11, in. in

length, by ;8,ths of an inch in width, of a rich stone colour, spotted

and streaked with grey and two shades of brown.

Genus VANELLUs.

VANELLUS BILOBUS (Gmel.). YeLLow Watriep Lapwine.

I have had frequent opportunities of seeing this Lapwing on the

open bare plains which it frequents, and have obtained specimens,

but never to my knowledge succeeded in procuring its eggs, though

I have had the eggs of Plovers brought to me in numbers. Dr.

Jerdon says, “I found the eggs of this bird on one occasion on a

grass plain on the west coast in the month of September ; they were

of a light salmon colour with dusky spots, four in number, and laid

on a slight depression of the ground.” This Lapwing utters a

plaintive cry when on the wing; it feeds on small beetles, white

ants, &c., picking up small pieces of stone or crystal to assist the

action of the gizzard.

VaNneELLUs Goensis (Lath.). Rep Wattiep Lapwine.

This common Lapwing is as partial to water as the last-mentioned

is to dry sandy plains; indeed I do not recollect ever to have seen it

at any distance from water. It is very common in the Deccan, and

may be easily recognized by its oft-repeated cry of —* Dick did you

do it—Dick, Dick did you do zt.” As soon as March has well set in

they pair, and the female commences laying ; she generally chooses

the banks of rivers and small streams. On a sand-bank in the midst

of the river Bheema, one of the large rivers of the Deccan, I fell in

with the nest of this bird—if a small heap of dry gravel with a hollow

in it can be called a nest—it contained foureggs. During the breed-

ing season these birds, vociferous at all times, become doubly so,

acquainting every one with the fact that their nest is near. I have

had their eggs brought to me as late as 19th May. On the 27th

May a man brought me three young ones, apparently just released

from their imprisonment; their plumage was as follows :—Irides

dark hazel ; wattles dark brown, nearly black; the whole body covered

with down, that on the head and neck brown with spots of black ;

the front of the neck, breast and belly white; a black streak runs

along the sides from the wing to the tail; on the nape of the neck

there was a black patch, and another cravat-shaped patch of black

on the fore part of the neck and throat; legs and feet dark lead

colour.

This Lapwing, like many of the Sandpipers, has a curious fashion

of elevating and throwing forward the head, much like the motion

of bowing. It is equally active by night as by day, filling the air

with its taunting ery of “ Did you do it.’ If you should fire at and

miss one of them, he goes off with, and his companions fly round

you with the insulting ery of ‘ Did you do it;” or, as Dr. Jerdon

has it, “ Pity to do it.” The food of this bird consists of grass and

small insects; it also picks up small pieces of crystal to help di-

gestion. The egg varies much in size; one sent measures 1,8, in.

in length, by rather more than 1,%; in. in width, of a yellow stone

colour, spotted and dashed with grey and dark sepia. The egg

marked 28 is of this bird.

Genus G@ipicnemus (Cuy.).

CEDICNEMUS CREPITANS. THICK-KNEED PLOVER.

This bird is tolerably common amongst the stony hills and undu-

lating grounds of the Deccan. It is more active by night than by

day, at which time its plaintive call is heard. I had for some time

a young bird in my tent; during the day it used to remain quiet,

but when evening began to draw on its restlessness commenced, and

it used to run round and round the tent with great rapidity, uttering

a single sharp querulous note. The Thick-knee feeds on small

beetles and other insects, as also small particles of grass, taking

down small stones to help the action of the gizzard, which is of a

strong texture. They breed during the months of March and April,

laying two eggs varying in colour, 2 in. in length, by rather more

than 1,4, in. in width, of a stone colour, blotched and spotted with

dark sepia-brown, and a few under spots of dark grey. In some

eggs the blotches are more of an olive-brown.

CEDICNEMUS RECURVIROSTRIS (Swains.).

On the 5th April, 1849, I found two young birds of what I then

took to be the young of dic. crepitans, on a large sand-bank in

the middle of the river Bheema. At the same time I thought it a

very strange place for a bird found in dry stony places to breed in.

In March 1850, I shot a specimen of Gidicnemus recurvirostris on

the same river, some distance higher up; I therefore think it most

probable that they were the young of (dic. recurvirostris, and not

of Gdic. crepitans. Had I, at the time I found them, known that

the former bird was to be found on that river, I should have exa-

mined carefully the shape of the bill. The testes in the male speci-

men shot in March were in a turgid state. I brought away the

young birds above mentioned ; one was much smaller than the other,

but much more active. They were both, if I remember right,

covered with a greyish down. For fear of their dying through not

getting proper food, I returned them to their sandy hollow the next

day. The gizzard of the full-grown bird contained the bones of some

small animal.

Genus TACHYDROMUS.

I believe the egg now exhibited to be that of the Courier Plover,

Tachydromus Asiaticus. Two of them were found in a field in a

slight hollow of the ground in the month of April. Of the breeding

of this bird Dr. Jerdon says—‘It breeds in the more retired spots

during the hot weather, laying three eggs of a pale greenish-yellow

colour, much blotched and spotted with black, and also with a few

olive spots; they are deposited in a slight hollow.” The Courier is

abundant on the plains of the Deccan, frequenting sandy bare spots

in flocks; they have a peculiar habit of running for a distance at

great speed, then suddenly stopping and erecting the body, then

starting off as before.

Subgenus GLAREOLA.

GLAREOLA ORIENTALIS (Leach).

I came across this pretty little Pratincole when shooting on a

stony bank in the river Bheema. There were numbers of them

ARREMON

ERY!

Proc. 4.5. Aves

iS,

ORE ARS

riven i}

Proc. 2.5. Aves, XC

J Wolf lith WM. & N.Hanhart Imp?

flying about like swallows, and as they mobbed me, I concluded

that they had nests, but though I made most diligent search could

not find any. I procured a pair of birds: the eggs in the ovaries

of the female were large: the crop of the female was filled to a great

size with a species of small black beetle. This occurred in the month

of March.

May 22, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN TANAGERS.

By Pururp Lutvey Scuater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. LXXXIX.—XCII.)

1. ARREMON ERYTHRORHYNCHUS, Sclater. (Pl. LXXXIX.)

A. olivaceus : capite nigro; vitta mediali verticis, nucha cervi-

cisque lateribus cinereis; superciliis et corpore subtus albis :

torque gutturali angusta nigra: lateribus cinerascentibus :

campterio flavo: pedibus albis: rostro elongatiore, incurvo,

rubro.

Long. tota 5°8, ale 3-0, caudee 2°7.

Hab. in Nova Grenada, Bogota.

I have to thank Mr. Gould for allowing me to describe this new

Arremon, which is from his collection. It is closely allied to my

Arremon spectabilis (P. Z.S. 1854, p. 114. pl. 67) from Quixos,

but may be distinguished by its more lengthened incurved and brilliant

orange red-bill, and the yellow bend of the wing.

2. TACHYPHONUS XANTHOPYGIUS, Sclater. (Pl. XC.)

Tachyphonus xanthopygius, Sclater, P.Z.S.1854, p.158.pl.69( 2).

Lanio auritus, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. Feb. 1855 (3 et 2).

Sniger : tergo flavo: fascicula post-superciliari coccinea : carpo

summo dilute flavo: tectricibus subalaribus albis.

Long. tota 6:1, alee 3°5, caudee 2°5.

2 nigro-cinereus, subtus dilutior ; axillis et tectricibus subalaribus

albis: tergo flavo.

Hab. in Nova Grenada, Bogota.

I described the female of this fine Tanager at the meeting of this

Society on the 25th of July last year. M. Parzudaki of Paris has

lately received several examples of both sexes from Bogota. A pair

of these passed into the hands of the Vicomte DuBus, by whom

they were characterized as new in the Bulletins de l Académie Royale

de Belgique* for February last. A male bird from the same quarter

has been kindly entrusted to me for examination before being depo-

sited in the British Museum, where the female I originally named is

also to be found. I cannot agree with the Vicomte DuBus in con-

sidering this species a Lanio, but, after seeing the male, am the more

convinced that it is a true Tachyphonus.

3. TANAGRA NOTABILIS, Jardine. (Pl. XCI.)

T. flavo-olivacea : capite undique et mento nigris, macula nuchal

triangulari, a dorso linea nigra divisa, flava: alis nigris ca-

ruleo marginatis, tectricibus autem summis dorso concoloribus :

cauda nigra, margine vix cerulescente: subtus lete aurantio-

flava ; rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota 7:2, ale 3°7, caude 3°0.

Hab. in rep. Equatoriana.

Sir William Jardine has been so good as to lend me the types of

this and the following species of Tanagers for examination. They

were lately procured by Professor Jameson of Quito, during a botani-

cal excursion along the eastern range of Cordilleras to the north of

Quito, and are to be described with other rare birds, the product of

the same or similar expeditions, in the forthcoming number of the

new series of the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.

The present bird is a most brilliant fourth of the little section

denominated Compsocoma by Cabanis, easily distinguished from the

others by its yellow-olive back, triangular nape-spot, black chin and

orange-yellow under-plumage, and may be therefore called Compso-

coma notabilis, if that name is used generically. The other three

species of this group are—(1) Compsocoma victorini, with its dark

olive back and elongated nape-stripe, which is common in collections

from Bogota; (2) C. swmptuosa (Arch. du Musée Paris., vil. p. 379.

pl. 23), with the back black and uropygium olivascent, from Trans-

andean Ecuador—the same locality as the present—and Peru ; and

(3) C. flavinucha, a rare species in collections, which seems confined

to Bolivia, where d’Orbigny discovered it on the eastern slope of the

Andes of the province of La Paz.

4, SALTATOR ARREMONOPS, Jardine. (PI. XCII.)

S. rufo-brunneus, olivaceo parum tinctus, pectore multo clariore

et rubescentiore: capite toto mentoque nigris ; vitta mediali

verticis et superciliari utringue postice elongatis cum medio

ventre cinereis : alis intus et cauda nigricantibus: rostro et

pedibus nigris.

Long. tota 7°25, alee 3°2, caudze 3°5.

Hab. in rep. Equatoriana.

This peculiar Tanager in style of plumage and general habit cor-

* The article is entitled ‘“ Note sur quelques espéces inédites d’Oiseaux.’’ The

Nemosia torquata therein described (sp. 10) is my Dacnis pulcherrima, Rev. et

Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 480-—(a true Dacnis to my mind) ; and, is not Vireosylvia

Ffrenata, DuBus, sp. 1, the same as V. altilogua, Vieill.—Cassin, Birds of Cal. pl. 37.

p. 221—and Phyllomanes mystacalis, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 348?

Proc. 4.5.Aves, XG1

hith M& N Hanhart Impt

TANAGRA NOTABILIS. Jardine

Proc.Z.5. Radiat

12.3.SCOLANTHUS SPHARODES. 4ACTINIA PALLIDA.5.6.7 ACT. ORNATA,

J. Jennens, del,adnat,et Lith . 8. ACT. ORNATA Var. Ford & West, Imp, 54Hattom Gard

responds most closely with the members of the genus Arremon, but

the bill is altogether abnormal, the upper mandible swelling in the

middle and overlapping the under, as in the genus Lanio, though

not developed into a decided hook. But the bill is much shorter,

broader and deeper than in the last-named genus, and has more

general resemblance to that of some of the Saltatores. The wings

are very short, but the only skin sent belonging to a bird in moult,

the comparative length of the remiges cannot be determined.

2. Description or A New Sra ANEMONE.

By KE. W. H. Hoipsworts, F.Z.S.

(Radiata, Pl. V.)

The species now to be described must be separated from the true

Actinie, and may be well placed in the genus Scolanthus, which was

proposed by Mr. Gosse for the reception of an animal obtained by

him at Weymouth, and which presented the very distinctive cha-

racters of a perforated base, and the absence of a terminal adhesive

disk. A description of that species will be found in the ‘ Annals of

Natural History’ for the year 1853, p.157. These points of differ-

ence are accompanied, as might be expected, by a variation in habits,

and the members of the genus will be found living buried in mud

or sand, into which they retire on being alarmed, their extraordi-

nary powers of inversion enabling them to hide at some little distance

below the surface.

SCOLANTHUS SPHZROiDES. (PI. V.)

This species, which I found tolerably abundant at Seaford, near

Beachy Head, has, in expansion, the body lengthened and cylindrical,

regularly striated longitudinally with fine transverse markings, the

upper part sparingly covered with sucking-glands, not arranged in

any definite order. Disk flat and even, but little exceeding the dia-

meter of the body. Tentacula numerous, in three or four irregular

series, the inner one containing from nine to twelve; these are the

longest, and measure, when fully extended, about half an inch, or two-

thirds of the breadth of the disk ; the outer row consists of from fifty

to sixty tentacula of the same slender tapering form as the innex

ones, but are one-third shorter, the other series being intermediate in

size and number. The body tapers a little posteriorly and terminates

with a rounded base, having a distinct central perforation. When

closely contracted, the two ends of the body are nearly alike, and the

animal assumes the appearance of a more or less flattened sphere or

bead, the resemblance to which is much increased by the presence

of the terminal orifices.

The colour of the body is a dirty-white, and the upper portion is

generally covered with particles of sand or mud adherent to the

sucking-glands surrounding that part, and which help to conceal the

animal when contracted, as is found to be the case with Act. crassi-

cornis, and probably other species under similar circumstances. The

mouth opens transversely, and from it very delicate white lines radiate

to the bases of the tentacula, interspersed with two or three shades of

brown in the form of stripes or spots: in some specimens a circle of

very pale spots with darker margins surrounds the mouth. The base

of each tentaculum is very dark and is surmounted by a broad band

of white or buff, the upper portion shading off to a clear pale pel-

lucid brown, on which are three narrow distinct white rings, their

breadth and the interspaces diminishing rapidly as they approach

the tip. These animals are capable of assuming a great variety of

shapes, and even when fully expanded sometimes elongate themselves

to the extent of 14 inch, or contract to little more than a 3 of an

inch. They feed readily in confinement ; but those that had buried

themselves in the sand appeared best able to secure their prey when

placed within reach, the others on the surface often tumbling over in

their endeavours to get the food into a proper position for swallow-

ing, from not having the support of the surrounding sand or mud

natural to them when buried. They were all found near low water-

mark, imbedded in the fine chalky mud which fills the crevices of the

rocks at Seaford, their expanded disks being just level with the surface,

but so nearly covered that only a faint star-like outline was visible ;

on being touched they instantly disappeared ; and so great was their

power of inversion and contraction, that on digging carefully, they

were generally found about 1} inch deep, and having that peculiar

bead-like form which has suggested the specific name of spheroides.

There was usually a depth of 6 or 7 inches of mud below them, so

that they could not have been fastened to the rock ; and since I have

had them at home, now nearly five weeks, they have not shown the

least inclination to attach themselves to the gravel, or glass sides of

the tank in which they are living; three of them have burrowed

into some sand on which they were placed, but the others remain on

the surface, and are but rarely contracted. Soft mud is probably

their natural habitat, being the most easily penetrated, and I could

find no traces of any of these animals in a considerable tract of sand

only a few yards from the locality whence these were obtained.

June 12, 1855.

W. Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. On two New Species or Hummine Birps.

By Joun Gov tp, F.R.S.

I bring before the notice of the Meeting two species of beautiful

Humming Birds, which I believe to be new to science: they belong

to that section of the Trochilide to which the generic appellation of

Heliothriz has been given: of this form only three species have

J.Wolf lith M & N Hanhart ig

PRION BREVIROSTRIS . Goudd.

Ya NAT. SIZE,

been previously characterized, namely H. auritus, H. auriculatus,

and H. Barroti. One of these new species, for which I propose the

specific name of purpureiceps, is nearly allied to H. Barroti, but

differs from that bird in having a much shorter bill, in the blue of

the head being of a paler purple, and in that hue not being confined

to the crown, but extending some distance down the nape of the

neck. This species was obtained from the districts near Popayan.

The second species, for which I propose the name of phainolema,

has several characters in common with A. auritus and H. auricu-

latus ; it differs, however, from both those species in the beautiful

metallic-green colouring extending over the throat and front, as well

as the sides of the throat. The two species may be described as

follows:— .

HELIOTHRIX PURPUREICEPS.

Male: Forehead, crown and nape beautiful purplish-blue ; upper

surface, upper tail-coverts, and upper and under wing-coverts beauti-

ful golden-green ; mark below the eye and ear-coverts black, termi-

nating in a small blue tuft; below the black a streak of rich luminous

green; wings purplish-black ; central tail-feathers bluish-black ;

lateral tail-feathers, chin, throat, and under surface, pure white ; bill

black ; feet flesh-colour.

Total length, 41 inches; bill, 2; wing, 23; tail, 14.

Hab. Popayan.

HELIOTHRIX PHAINOLEMA.

Male: Head, upper surface, upper tail-coverts, upper and under

wing-coverts rich golden-green, very brilliant on the head; wings

purplish-black ; four central tail-feathers bluish-black ; lateral tail-

feathers snowy-white ; below and behind the eye a lengthened mark

of black, terminating in a violet-blue tuft ; chin, throat and sides of

the neck rich luminous green ; breast and under surface pure white ;

bill black; feet flesh-colour.

Total length, 43 inches ; bill, 1; wing, 23; tail, 17.

Hab. River Napo.

2. On a New SpEcIEs or THE GENUS Prion.

By Joun Gou tp, F.R.S.

(Aves, Pl. XCIII.)

Through the kindness of Mr. Yarrell, I have the pleasure of

bringing to the Meeting a bird which I conceive to be a new species

of Prion, captured on the island of Madeira, or on the neighbouring

rocky islets called the Desertas. I also exhibit five other species

(forming part of my own collection), which I consider to belong to

the same beautiful group, and which were captured by myself during

my voyages to or from Australia.

The entire series present a great similarity in the colour of their

‘plumage, but a great diversity in the breadth or lateral development of

their mandibles, as well as in the fringe-like pectinations of the base of

the upper mandible; this latter character bemg much more prominent

in the larger than in the smaller species of the group, in which,

indeed, it is almost obsolete, if not entirely absent. I consider the

members of this genus to constitute a very distinct group among the

Petrels, quite equal in point of interest and value to that of the

Thalassidrome. 1 have had many opportunities of observing the

whole of them in their oceanic haunts, and did not fail to observe that

every five or six degrees of latitude was frequented by a different and

distinct species: they all inhabit the wide ocean, and rarely visit the

land except for the purpose of incubation: they are often seen in

immense flocks, and sometimes in multitudes: they never mount

high in the air, but are altogether the most light, buoyant and fairy-

like members of the great group to which they belong: their great

stronghold is the temperate latitudes of the southern ocean, and

until the occurrence of the present new species, I have never heard

of one being found north of the equator. The species to which the

Madeiran bird is most nearly allied, is that to which I have given

the name of P. Ariel, and which I met with and shot in great

numbers in Bass’s Straits. It differs, however, in being smaller in

all its admeasurements, in having a shorter, more swollen or robust

bill, particularly with reference to the nostrils and the terminal hook

of the upper mandible. For this new species I propose the name of

Prion srevirostris. (Pl. XCIII.)

Upper surface delicate blue ; edge of the shoulder, the scapularies,

outer margins of the external primaries and the tips of the middle

tail-feathers black ; lores, sides of the head and all the under surface

white, stained with blue on the flanks and under tail-coverts; bill

light blue, deepening into black on the sides of the nostrils and at

the tip, and with a black line along the side of the under mandible ;

feet light blue, the interdigital membrane flesh-colour.

Total length, 103 inches; bill, +3; wing, 64; tail, 33; tarsi, 13.

3. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF ANT-THRUSHES

(Formicartin2£) From Santa FE pi Bogota.

By Painie Luruey Scuater, M.A., F.Z.S.

(Aves, Pl. XCIV.—XCVII.)

1. GRALLARIA HYPOLEUCA.

G. supra ferruginea, loris albidis: subtus alba, lateribus magis

cinerascentibus : tibiis et hypochondriis brunnescentibus.

Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°5, caudee 1°8.

The collection of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris contains the only

example I have yet seen of this bird, which appears to have escaped

the notice of the French ornithologists. It is marked as having

been received from Bogota in 1843 by M. Rieffer. Its form is typi-

cal, but in colouring it differs from all hitherto known members of

the genus, though perhaps showing some resemblance to Grallaria

Proc 4.8. Aves . XG

J.Wolf hth M. & N. Hanhart

GRALLARIA MODESTA. Scacer

4H0/S' YMISSTTION VZV HO

ydmoy WeywPH NR TW UPL FIOM L

= maine

fan nerves eee:

; oy

arene mE

FORMICIVORA CALLINOQTA. 52

Proc. Z.5. Aves. 4

M. &NAanhar* Ing

Ue rad

tee

brevicauda, (Bodd.) (PI. Enl. 706. fig. 1), which is, however, much

smaller. It is of a uniform ferruginous brown above and white be-

low, passing into a cinereous tinge on the sides. Some brown colour

is mixed with the feathers on the sides of the breast. The bill is

black, the tarsi plumbeous; the thighs and the under wing-coverts

brown.

2. GRALLARIA MODESTA. (PI. XCIV.)

G. supra intense brunnescenti-olivacea, alis caudaque nigricanti-

brunneis olivaceo tinctis: subtus olivacea, flavescenti-albido

Jlammulata ; ventre medio flavescenti-albido: tectricibus sub-

alaribus pallide castaneis : mandibula superiore plumbea, hujus

apice et tomiis et mandibula inferiore, nisi basi, albicantibus :

pedibus pallide brunneis.

Long. tota 6:2, alee 3°2, caudee 1°8, tarsi 1°75.

This is a rather uniformly-coloured species, of which the British

Museum contains a single specimen. There are indications of darker

marginations to the feathers of the nape and back. The breast fea-

thers are medially yellowish-white, broadly margined with olivaceous.

3. CHAM£ZA MOLLIssIMA. (Pl. XCV.)

C. supra brunneo-castanea, remigibus rectricibusque intus nigri-

cantibus : capitis lateribus et corpore toto subtus nigris, albo

dense transvittatis: uropygii plumis laxis, elongatis, densis-

simis : rostro Chameezee marginate simili sed minore.

Long. tota 5°75, alee 3:2, caudee 2°5.

This peculiar Ant-thrush, of which there is one specimen in the

British Museum, has the lower back very densely feathered, the

coverts reaching to within an inch of the end of the rectrices. The

wings are shorter than is usual in Chameza—the 4th, 5th, 6th and

7th primaries being nearly equal in length, but the 5th rather the

longest ; the tail rather more lengthened ; the formation of the feet

is much the same.

Above the colouring is of a brown chestnut, rather darker towards

the tail ; the sides of the head and whole under-plumage are blackish

barred with white, every feather having three or more transverse

white bars. A slight tinge of castaneous is intermixed, particularly

on the breast.

4. Formicivora caLuinota. (Pl. XCVI.)

F. olivacea ; pileo summo et nucha nigris : loris, capitis lateribus,

et corpore subtus ad imum pectus cinereis : abdomine pallide

flavicanti-viridi : tergo lete castaneo, pennis quibusdam nigris

supra marginato: alis nigris, carpo et tectricum marginibus

Jlavis : secondariis et rectricibus olivaceo marginatis : rostro

subulato, mandibula superiore nigricante, inferiore pallide

plumbea : pedibus plumbeis.

Long. tota 4°0, alee 2:0, caudze 1°7.

This is an exceedingly pretty species of Formicivora, distinguished

No. CCXC.—ProcrepinGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

by the bright chestnut colouring of its lower back, above which, in

the middle of the back, are a few black-tipped feathers, forming a

small black patch. It must be placed next to the Brazilian Formi-

civora maculata, (Max.) (Leptorhynchus striolatus, Menetries, Mém.,

del’ Ac. St. P. 1835, pl. 10. fig. 2*), with which it agrees in form and

style of plumage. A single example of it is in the British Museum,

5. DysIrHAMNUS SEMICINEREUs. (Pl. XCVII.)

& cinereus, pileo intensiore ; subtus medialiter albicantior : dorso

postico et remigum marginibus cum ventre imo olivascentibus :

tectricibus alarum tenuissime albo limbatis : rostro pedibusque

nigris.

2 olivacea, pileo rufescente: gutture medio albo, lateraliter

cinerascente: ventre flavicanti-olivaceo; mandibula inferiore

basi albicante.

Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°4, caudze 1°6.

In this apparently new Dysithamnus, of which the British Museum

contains several specimens, the cinereous colour in the male occupies

the whole upper plumage down to the middle of the back, where it

gradually passes into olive, and the whole lower plumage down to

the middle of the belly, where a like colour supervenes. The middle

of the body beneath is much paler. The bill is rather longer than

in D. mentalis, but the form is otherwise the same. The genus to

which this bird belongs is certainly very closely connected with

Thamnophilus, but I doubt whether that form can be divided even as

a subfamily from the South American Ant-thrushes.

6. PyRIGLENA TYRANNINA. (Pl. XCVIII.)

S nigricanti-cinerea, carpo summo et alarum tectricum margint-

bus albis: plaga dorsi medii interna nivea ; subtus paulo pal-

lidior, rostro et pedibus nigris.

9 pallide brunnea, rufescente tincta ; abdomine toto clare rufo :

mandibula inferiore, nisi apice alba.

Long. tota 5°2, alee 2°5, caudze 2°25.

A series of. specimens in the British Museum clearly connect the

somewhat dissimilar male and female of this species, which it is diffi-

cult to place satisfactorily. in any of the present established genera

of this family as far as I am acquainted with them, though without

doubt a member of the group, with somewhat of a Tyrannine aspect.

The characteristic white patch underneath the feathers of the back

is well marked in both sexes.

* M. Menetries has made this bird a second species of his genus Leptorhynchus,

but I do not think it can be satisfactorily arranged along with the peculiar form

which he has made the type of his genus; and the name Leptorhynchus being

preoccupied, I propose to change it into Psilorhamphus. Type P. guttatus, mihi.

(Leptorhynchus guttatus, Men. pl. 10. fig. 1.)

—

Molt it

YSITHAMNUS

QW}

D1 iV.

[CINEREUS . 57%

Mi & N.Hanhaert Imp*

Proc. 2.5.Aves XCVIL.;

J Wolf lith M.& N.Hanhart Limp

fk W.Hanhart impt

4. Descriptrions or Forty-sEvEN New Species or HELICEA,

FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. Cumrne, Esa.

By Dr. L. Prerrrer.

(Mollusca, Pl. XX XI.)

1. Hexrx cuamissor, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, sublenticu-

lari, tenui, superne irregulariter plicata striisque concentricis

sub lente decussata, parum nitida, pallide straminea; spira

brevissime conoidea ; anfr. 45 vix convexiusculis, sensim accres-

centibus, ultimo non descendente, medio carinato, basi sublevi-

gato, lutescente; apertura vix obliqua, angulato-lunari; perist.

simplice, recto, acuto.

Diam. maj. 9, min. 72, alt. 4} mill.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

2. Hexix nepos, Pfr. H. testa perforata, turbinato-depressa,

tenui, levigata, nitidissima, pellucida, purpurascenti-fusca ;

spira magis minusve conoideo-elevata, vertice subtili, acutius-

culo ; sutura impressa; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, sensim accres-

centibus, ultimo non descendente, basi modice convexo ; apertura

subverticali, late lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, margine colu-

mellari subverticali, calloso, superne anguste reflexo.

Diam. mag. 8, min. 7, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

3. Hewrx suprecta, Pfr. H. testa subobtecte perforata, conoi-

dea, tenui, conferte striata, superne lineis impressis, spiralibus

subgranulata, diaphana, pallide cornea ; spira conoidea, apice

obtusa; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, peripheria compresse carinato, basi convexo,

sublevigato ; apertura obliqua, rotundato-lunari, subangulata,

intus nitida ; perist. tenui, recto, marginibus vix convergenti-

bus, basali arcuato, ad perforationem dilatato, subadnato.

Diam. maj. 15, min. 133, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

4. Hexix convextiuscuta, Pfr. H. testa perforata, globoso-

turbinata, tenui, ruguloso-striata, pellucida, pallide cornea ;

spira cornea, apice obtusula ; anfr. 54 modice convexis, sensim

accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria obtuse cart-

nato, basi convexo; apertura obliqua, rotundato-lunari, intus

submargaritacea; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vix conver-

gentibus, columellari superne brevissimo reflexo.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 103, alt. 8} mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

5. Hexrx mozamsicensis, Pfr. H. testa perforata, trochiformi,

tenuiuscula, confertim et oblique capillaceo-striata, sericea,

fusco-fulva; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; sutura submarginata;

anfr. 5 convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo medio carina

compressa, albo munita, antice non descendente, basi convexiore ;

apertura diagonali, angulato-lunari; perist. simplice, acuto,

margine columellari superne brevissime reflexo.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 104, alt. 63 mill.

Hab. Tette, Mozambique (Peters).

6. Hexrx textrix, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenui,

striatula et subdistanter arcuato-plicata, diaphana, vie niti-

dula, pallide cornea, lineis angulosis rufis ameene picta; spira

vix convextuscula; anfr. 5 planiusculis, ultimo depresso, peri-

pheria subangulato, antice non descendente, basi convexiore ;

umbilico conico, ¢ diametri subequante ; apertura diagonal,

subtriangulato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro

antrorsum dilatato, columellari fere verticali.

Diam. maj. 8, min. 6, alt. 23 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

7. Hexix renava, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, solidula,

oblique rugoso-striata striisque spiralibus subregulariter decus-

sata, parum nitida, fulvo-lutescente ; spira vix convexa; anfr.

fere 4 convexiusculis, ultimo subdeprssso, non descendente, prope

suturam impresso, basi convexiore ; umbilico conico, + diametri

Sere equante; apertura diagonali, lunato-rotundata ; perist.

simplice, recto, marginibus conniventibus, columellari vix dila-

tato.

Diam. maj. 7, min. 53, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

8. Hextrx caciiia, Pfr. H. testa angustissime umbilicata, de-

pressa, tenuiuscula, conferte capillaceo-plicata, parum nitida, -

cerea; spira plana, medio subimmersa ; anfr. 45 convewis, lente

accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, altiore quam lato; aper-

tura parum obliqua, lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus

remotis, dextro superne leviter arcuato, tum substriato oblique

descendente, columellari declivi.

Diam. maj. 44, min. 4, alt. 2 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

9. Heurx matura, Pfr. WH. testa umbilicata, conoideo-lenticu-

lari, tenuiuscula, acute carinata, striatula, saturate castanea ;

spira breviter conoidea, vertice pallido, obtusulo ; sutura carina

submarginata ; anfr. 5% viv convexiusculis, ultimo antice bre-

viter deflexo, bast parum convexo, circa umbilicum latiusculum,

conicum obsolete angulato ; apertura perobliqua, subrhombea ;

perist. albo, margine supero recto, antrorsum arcuato, basali

intus late incrassato, fere dentato, columella breviter ascendente.

Diam. maj. 20, min. 18, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Guadalcanar, Salomon’s Islands. Pl. XXXI. fig. 10.

10. Hexrx yarest, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, conoideo-depressa,

tenuiuscula, striatula et sub lente minutissime granulata, satu-

rate castanea; spira breviter conoidea, obtusula; sutura vix

impressa ; anfr. 43 planiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo

acute carinato, antice subito perdeflexo, circa umbilicum medio-

crem subinflato, antice profunde et late scrobiculato ; apertura

subhorizontali, piriformi-elliptica, lamella parietali longa, pa-

rum flecuosa, sublibera, angustata; perist. continuo, albo, un-

dique soluto, margine supero subexpanso, basali medio dente

conico munito, tum descendente et dentibus 2 divergentibus, basi

lato junctis instructo.

Diam. maj. 24, min. 22, alt. 24 mill.

B. Minor, fusco-cornea, umbilico paulo angustiore.

Hab. Banks of the river Solimoes, Brazils (Mr. Yates).

Plate XXXI, fig. 13, 14.

11. BuLtimus HOLOLEUCUs, Pfr. B. festa imperforata, conico-

ovata, tenuiuscula, striatula, nitida, subdiaphana, alba ; spira

convexiusculo-conica, apice obtusa ; sutura anguste marginata ;

anfr. 5 convexiusculis, ultimo subrotundato ; columella striata,

vie obliqua, callosa; apertura fere diagonali, truncato-ovali,

intus concolore; perist. breviter expanso, margine columellari

dilatato, adnato, cum basali angulum distinctum Jormante.

Long. 32, diam. 23 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

12. Buximus yatest, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, fusiformi-ob-

longa, solida, levigata, sub epidermide non nitente fusco-olivacea,

fasciis nigris, maculis sagitteformibus luteis interruptis, picta;

spira elongato-conica, obtusa ; sutura leviter marginata; anfr.

8 convextusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis vix superante, basi atte-

nuato ; columella callosa, superne valde plicata ; apertura sub-

vertical, elliptico-oblonga, basi subangulata, intus ceruleo-al-

bida; perist. incrassato, breviter expanso, marginibus callo

sordide carneo junctis.

Long. 82, diam. 32 mill.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates). Pl. XXXI. fig. 5.

13. Butimus capILuacevs, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovata,

tenut, capillaceo-striata, fulva ; spira ovato-conica, obtusissima;

sutura albido-marginata, crenulata ; anfr. 5 convewiusculis, ul-

timo inflato, 3 longitudinis equante, subplicato, inter plicas

dense striato et striis distantibus spiralibus obsolete decussato;

columella rosea, recedente, vix plicata ; apertura parum obliqua,

oblongo-ovali, intus fulva, antice albida; perist. roseo, incras-

sato, reflexiusculo-expanso, margine columellari dilatato, JSorn-

cato, adnato.

Long. 64, diam. 37 mill.

Hab. Banks of the river Solimoes (Mr. Yates).

14. Butimus Bocorensis, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata,

subfusiformi-oblonga, tenuiuscula, sublevigata, nitidula, albida,

fasctis subinterruptis vel strigis subangulosis nigricantibus

picta; spira elongato-conica, acutiuseula; anfr. 7 convexius-

culis, ultimo spiram subequante, basi attenuato, non compresso ;

columella saturate violacea, leviter procedente ; apertura vie

obliqua, oblongo-ovali ; perist. tenui, undique late expanso, pa-

tente.

Long. 38, diam. 14 mill.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

15. Butimus Lacerta, Pfr. B. testa compresse subumbilicata,

Susiformi-oblonga, tenui, plicatula et striis irregularibus spirali-

bus oblongo-granosa, lutescenti-albida, strigis latis, obliquis,

subramosis, fuscis variegata ; spira convexo-conica, acutiuscula;

sutura subfilomarginata, crenulata; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, ul-

timo spiram paulo superante, basi attenuato ; columella fusca,

valide oblique torto-plicata; apertura vix obliqua, sinuato-ob-

longa ; perist. albo, expanso et reflexiusculo, margine dextro

superne arcuato, tum substricto, columellari fornicato, flexuoso.

Long. 33, diam. 14 mill.

Hab. Para (Mr. Yates). Pl. XXXI. fig. 15.

16. Buxtimus saccatus, Pfr. B. testa compresse umbilicata,

ovato-pyramidata, tenut, leviter striatula, nitida, albida, fasciis

4-5 nigricantibus ornata; spira regulariter elongato-conica,

apice acuta; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo spira breviore, ro-

tundato, basi subsaccato, distinetius striato ; columella violacea,

superne levissime plicata ; apertura subverticali, truncato-ovali,

intus violaceo cincta; perist. pallido, dilatato, fere rectangule

patente, marginibus approximatis, dextro superne perarcuato,

columellari substricto.

Long. 22, diam. 10 mill.

B. Paulo gracilior, unicolor, albido-flavidus, columella et margine

interno aperture violaceis.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates). Pl. XXXI. fig. 2.

17. Butimus prorractus, Pfr. B. testa profunde compresse

umbilicata, oblongo-pyramidata, tenuiuscula, confertim subar-

cuato-striata, albido-flavescente ; spira protracta, apice acuti-

uscula, nigricante; anfr. 7 parum convexis, ultimo spira vix

breviore, antice breviter ascendente, fortius striato, basi sub-

compresso ; columella subplicata, recedente ; apertura vix obli-

qua, oblonga, basi effusa, intus alba vel pallide lilacina ; perist.

late expanso et reflexiusculo, margine columeilari sinuato, per-

dilatato, patente.

Long. 30, diam. 113 mill.

8. Minor, anfractu ultimo subangulato, margine dextro peristo-

matis magis curvato.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates). Pl. XXXI. fig. 1.

18. Butrmus serratus, Pfr. B. testa profunde rimata, sub-

perforata, fusiformi, tenui, levigata, albida, strigis spadiceis

remote serratis picta; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 6 con-

vexiusculis, ultimo spiram superante, antice subascendente, basi

attenuato ; columella compressa, leviter arcuata, suleo obliquo

ab anfractu penultimo separata ; apertura perobliqua, ampla,

acuminato-ovali, intus pallide lilacea; perist. tenui, late ex-

panso, margine columellari abrupte reflexo.

Long. 27, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates). Pl. XXXI. fig. 6.

19. Buximus musivus, Pfr. B. testa profunde rimata, ovato-

pyramidata, tenui, sublevigata, nitida, albida, strigis latis ni-

gricantibus, subserratis, interdum confluentibus picta; spira

conica, acutiuscula; anf. 6 planiusculis, ultimo spiram sub-

e@quante, basi saccato; columella leviter arcuata; apertura

parum obliqua, ovali-oblonga, superne vix angulata, intus pal-

lide lilacea ; perist. tenui, dilatato, expanso, albo, marginibus

Sere contiguis, dextro superne valde curvato, columellari patulo.

Long. 22, diam. 95 mill.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates). Pl. XXXI. fig. 3.

20. Bunimus arcuaro-striatus, Pfr. B. testa profunde ri-

mata, ovato-pyramidata, tenui, confertim arcuato-striata, al-

bida, fasciis latis griseo-fuscis, strigatim interruptis, strigisque

angulosis irregulariter picta ; spira convexiusculo-coniea, apice

nigra, obtusiuscula ; anfr. 6 modice convewxis, ultimo spiram

subequante, antice subascendente, basi parum attenuato ; colu-

mella viz plicata, subverticali; apertura parum obliqua, oblique

truncato-ovali; perist. tenui, late expanso, margine dextro

leviter arcuato, columellari fornicatim reflexo, patente.

Long. 30, diam. 13 mill.

Hab. Peru.

21. Buximus tncarnatus, Pfr. B. testa compresse umbilicata,

oblongo-conica, tenui, sublevigata, roseo-carnea, strigis spadi-

ceis irregulariter variegata ; spira elongato-conica, acutiuscula;

sutura levi, pallida; anfr. 7 planiusculis, ultimo spira paulo

breviore, basi subcompresso ; columella compressa, substricte

recedente; apertura vix obliqua, oblongo-ovali; perist. tenui,

margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari late reflexo, pa-

tente.

Long. 31, diam. 12 mill.

Hab. Venezuela.

22. Buuimus cuTicuLa, Pfr. B. testa perforata, ovato-fusi-

formi, membranacea, striatula, haud nitente, diaphana, palli-

dissime cornea, fusculo punctatim strigata et niveo-punctata ;

spira conica, obtusula ; sutura minute crenulata; anfr. 45 con-

vexiusculis, ultimo 3 longitudinis formante, infra medium fascia

pallida, superne fusco-marginata ornato, basi attenuato ; colu-

mella subplicata, recedente ; apertura parum ohliqua, acumi-

nato-oblonga ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari niti-

do, reflexo.

Long. 28, diam. 13 mill.

Hab. Rio Janeiro.

23. BULIMUS SINGAPORENSIS, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovato-

turrita, tenuissima, levigata, pellucida, pallide cornea, lineis

Susculis longitudinalibus nonnullisque spiralibus infra medium

anfractus ultimi notata ; spira regulariter conica, apice acutis-

sma; anfr. 9 convexiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis paulo supe-

rante, rotundato; apertura viz obliqua, ovali; perist. simplice,

recto, margine columellari subcalloso, adnato.

Long. 8, diam. 43 mill.

Hab. Singapore.

24. Butimus MEoBAMBENSIS, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovato-

conica, solidula, confertim striata striisque spiralibus subgranu-

lata, virenti-albida, fasciis interruptis nigris, strigis undulatis

Junctis et supra medium anfractuum maculis magnis nigris an-

gulosis picta ; spira conica, obtusa; anfract. 65 convexius-

culis, ultimo *% longitudinis equante, ventroso, interdum vari-

coso ; columella compressa, albo-callosa, stricta, recedente ;

apertura obliqua, angulato-ovali, intus margaritacea ; perist.

nigro limbato, vix expansiusculo, marginibus callo nigro-casta-

neo junctis.

Long. 88, diam. 46 mill.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates).

25. BuLimus RECTILINEARIS, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, ob-

longo-pyramidata, tenui, levissime striatula, diaphana, albida,

fasciis 3 rubicundis et 2 basalibus castaneis, albo-articulatis

notata ; spira elongato-conica, subrectilineari, apice auran-

traca, acutiuscula; anfr. 7 planiusculis, ultimo 1 longitudinis

paulo superante, basi rotundato ; columella subverticali 3 aper-

tura obliqua, ovali-elliptica ; perist. simplice, recto, margine

columellari fornicato-reflexo.

Long. 24 diam. 102 mill.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates). Pl. XXXI. fig. 7.

26. Butimus amanpvus, Pfr. B. testa anguste perforata, ob-

longo-conica, tenui, sublevigata (sub lente evxilissime spiraliter

striata), diaphana, pallidissime rosea ; spira elongato-conica,

acutiuscula ; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore,

infra medium obsolete angulato, basi vix attenuato; columella

arcuata, compressa ; apertura obliqua, angulato-ovali ; perist.

simplice, recto, acuto, margine columellari anguste et abrupte

reflexo.

Long. 30, diam. 112 mill.

Hab. Venezuela. Pl. XXXI. fig. 4.

27. Butimus MELANACME, Pfr. B. testa perforata, globoso-

conica, solidula, sublevigata, alba, punctis obscuris pellucidis

raris aspersa ; spira turbinata, apice acuta, nigra; anfr. 6 mo-

dice convexis, regulariter accrescentibus, ultimo spira paulo

breviore, rotundato ; apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali ; perist.

simplice, recto, margine columellari papyraceo, superne perdila-

tato, fornicatim reflexo.

Long. 17, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. Tette, Mozambique (Peters). Pl. XXXI. fig. 8.

28. Butrmus pererst, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, ovato-conica,

solidula, confertim plicato-striata, parum nitida, griseo et pal-

lide corneo variegata; spira elongato-conica, apice saturate

cornea, obtusa; anfr. 64 convewis, ultimo vix striatulo, 2 longi-

tudinis equante, basi juxta umbilicum mediocrem, conicum sub-

compresso ; apertura vie obliqua, oblonga; perist. simplice,

recto, margine dextro leviter arcuato, columellari dilatato,

patente.

Long. 124, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Tette, Mozambique (Peters).

29. BuLtimus suvENILIs, Pfr. B. testa perforata, ovato-fusi-

Sormi, tenui, levissime striatula, haud nitente, pallide rubello-

cornea ; spira elongato-conica, apice acutiuscula ; anfr. 64 vix

convexiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, medio obsolete sub-

angulato, basi attenuato ; columella substricta, paululum rece-

dente ; apertura obliqua, ovali-elliptica, basi subangulata ;

perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro regulariter arcuato, colu-

mellari albo, nitido, sursum dilatato, fornicatim reflexo.

Long. 20, diam. 83 mill.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

30. PartuLa sTENosToMA, Pfr. P. testa umbilicata, dextrorsa,

oblongo-conica, solidula, confertim striolata, nitida, fulva, fusco-

subnebulosa, lete castaneo bifasciata; spira elongato-conica,

acutiuscula; sutura levi, albida; anfr. 5} vix convexiusculis,

ultimo spira breviore, basi subcompresso-rotundato ; columella

oblique procedente, superne leviter plicata; apertura parum

obliqua, angusta, truncato-oblonga, callo dentiformi profundo

anfractus penultimi coarctata ; perist. calloso, albo, undique

expanso et reflewiusculo, margine dextro superne sinuato.

Long. 22, diam. 103 mill.

Hab. 2

31. ParTuLA MACGILLIVRAYI, Pfr. P. testa late et compresse

umbilicata, conica, tenuiuscula, irregulariter striatula et sub

lente striis spiralibus confertis sculpta, albida, strigis lutescen-

tibus fasciisque obsoletis notata; spira elongato-conica, acutius-

cula ; anfr. 5 vix convexiusculis, ultimo spiram subequante,

antice subascendente, basi saccato ; columella leviter arcuata,

in fundo leviter plicata; apertura parum obliqua, truncato-

oblonga ; perist. albo, tenui, equaliter subrectangule expanso.

Long. 23, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

32. ParTuLA suTURALIS, Pfr. P. testa anguste perforata, ob-

longo-conica, tenui, spiraliter distincte striata, fulvo-lutea,

strigis castaneis irregulariter picta; spira convexo-conica,

acuta; sutura filo albo marginata; anfr. 54 convexiusculis,

ultimo spira vix breviore, superne subturgido, basi attenuato ;

columella subsimplice, fere verticali ; apertura vix obliqua, trun-

cato-oblonga ; perist. albo, tenui, margine dextro anguste ex-

panso, superne sinuato, columellari dilatato, fornicatim reflexo.

Long. 19, diam. 9 mill.

Hab. 2

33. PARTULA REPANDA, Pfr. P. testa compresse umbilicata,

ovato-conica, solidula, sub lente minutissime spiraliter striata,

parum nitente, pallide lutescente, versus apicem interdum rosea;

spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 5 modice convexis, ultimo

spiram paulo superante, medio antice subimpresso, basi saccato;

columella subverticali, superne subplicata ; apertura parum ob-

longa; perist. albido, expanso, intus calloso, margine dextro

repando, intus supra medium subdentato.

Long. 17, diam. 9 mill.

Hab. New Hebrides.

34. PartuLta mucipA, Pfr. P. testa perforata, ovato-conica,

solidula, confertim spiraliter striata, castanea, griseo quasi

mucida; spira elongato-conica, acuta; sutura levi, albida;

anfr. 5 viv convexiusculis, ultimo spiram vix equante, infra me-

dium obsolete angulato, basi subsaccato; columella superne

plicata ; apertura obliqua, obauriformi ; perist. carneo, rectan-

gule equaliter expanso, intus callo prominulo labiato.

Long. 173, diam. 8} mill.

Hab. Pacific Islands.

35. ACHATINELLA (LEPTACHATINA) OBCLAVATA, Pfr. A. testa

subperforata, claveformi, tenui, vix striatula, parum nitente,

pallide cornea; spira elongata, apice obtusa ; sutura linea im-

pressa, filum crenatum formante, crenata; anfr. 75 viz con-

vexiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis paulo superante ; plica colu-

mellari obliqua, subtorta ; apertura verticali, oblonga ; perist.

simplice, margine dextro medio antrorsum dilatato ; columellari

angusto, subadnato.

Long. 72, diam. 3 mill.

Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb).

36. ACHATINELLA (AURICULELLA) CHAmissol, Pfr. A. testa

subperforata, oblonga, pyramidata, solidiuscula, striis spiralibus

sub lente sculpta, epidermide fusca, obsolete strigata induta ;

spira elongato-conica, obtusiuscula ; anfr. 7% planiusculis, ul-

timo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi subcompresso ; apertura

vie obliqua, auriformi ; lamella parietali valida, eatus deorsum

ramosa ; plica columellari levi, subtorta, alba ; perist. albido,

expansiusculo.

Long. 8, diam. 33 mill.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

37. Sprraxis suBcALLosa, Pfr. Sp. testa subfusiformi-oblonga,

tenui, levigata, nitida, pellucida, lutescenti-hyalina; spira

conica, obtusa ; sutura distincte marginata ; anfr. 5} convexi-

usculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis fere formante, basi attenuato ;

columella subcallosa, leviter torta, basi subtruncata ; apertura

verticali, angusta, acuminato-oblonga ; perist. simplice, margine

dextro antrorsum arcuato.

Long. 14, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Venezuela.

38. Sprraxis BARCLAYI, Pfr. Sp. testa oblonga, tenui, levigata,

cornea ; spira convexo-conica, acutiuscula; sutura levi, sim-

plice; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, penultimo magno, ultimo spira

paulo breviore, basi vix attenuato; apertura verticali, acumi-

nato-oblonga ; columella oblique et leviter bistorta; perist.

simplice, recto, margine dextro superne sinuato, medio subangu-

latim antrorsum dilatato.

Long. 9, diam. 4 mill.

Hab. Isle of France (Sir D. Barclay).

39. ACHATINA INZQUALIS, Pfr. 4. testa ovato-oblonga, tenui,

strigis et flammis luteis, fulvis et castaneis irregulariter picta ;

spira elongato-conica, obtusa ; sutura superne crenulata, in an-

Sractu ultimo funiculo pallido crenulato munita ; anfr. 7 con-

vexiusculis, superis granulato-decussatis, ultimo spiram viz su-

perante, subrugato, ad suturam obsolete granulato, basi subat-

tenuato ; columella leviter torta, albida, oblique truncata ;

apertura vertical, angulato-ovali, intus cerulescente ; perist.

recto, margine dextro fusco-limbato.

Long. 78, diam. 38 mill.

Hab. Fernando Po.

40. ACHATINA CHRYSALLIS, Pfr. A. testa oblongo-turrita, soli-

dula, striatula, ad suturam linearem arcuato-plicata, pallide

lutescente ; spira subcylindracea, apice conica, obtusa; anfr.

10 planiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis subequante, basi rotun-

dato; columella callosa, basi abrupte truncata ; apertura ver-

ticali, sinuato-semiovalt ; perist. recto, margine dextro arcuato,

intus subincrassato.

Long. 9, diam. 35 mill.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

41. Acnatina yatest, Pfr. A. testa turrita, tenuiuscula, levi-

ter striatula, diaphana, cerea; spira regulariter attenuata,

obtusa ; sutura profunda ; anfr. 7 convexis, ultimo + longitu-

dinis viv superante, infra medium subangulato ; columella ar-

cuata, oblique distincte truncata; apertura vix obliqua, ovali-

rotundata ; perist. simplice, recto.

Long. 11, diam. 33 mill.

Hab. Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates).

100

42. AcHATINA (GLANDINA) NySTIANA, Pfr. 4. testa fusiformi-

oblonga, tenui, sublevigata, levissime striatula, pellucida, nitida,

carnea ; spira elongata, gracili, obtusa; sutura filo-marginata;

anfr. 64 convewiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi

attenuato ; columella levissime arcuata, basi breviter et hori-

zontaliter truncata; apertura viz obliqua, ovali-elliptica; perist.

simplice, tenut.

Long. 47, diam. 12 mill.

Hab. ——?

43. AcHATINA (GLANDINA) ConuLARIS, Pfr. 4. testa oblongo-

conica, tenuiuscula, levigata, nitida, fusculo-carnea ; spira

elongato-conica, obtusa ; sutura filo albido marginata ; anfr. 6

viz convexiusculis, ultimo spiram equante vel paulo breviore,

basi parum attenuato; columella levissime arcuata, abrupte

truncata ; apertura subverticali, acuminato-ovali ; perist. sim-

plice, acuto.

Long. 23, diam. 83 mill.

Hab. Mexico (Mr. Saillé).

44. Acnatina (GLANDINA) FILOsA, Pfr. 4. testa oblonga, solida,

longitudinaliter conferte filoso-plicata, pallide rosea; spira

elongata, convexo-conica, obtusa; sutura subsimplice ; anfr. 6

vie convexis, ultimo spiram equante, basi subattenuato ; colu-

mella levissime arcuata, rugata, ad basin aperture abrupte

truncata ; apertura subverticali, acuminato-ovali, intus satu-

rate carnea; perist. simplice, margine dextro strictiusculo.

Long. 39, diam. 14 mill.

Hab. :

45. AcHATINA (GLANDINA) INsIeNnis, Pfr. A. testa ovato-ob-

longa, solidula, subdistanter distincte plicata, interstitiis subti-

liter decussato-granulatis, parum nitida, carnea, plicis albidis ;

spira elongato-conica, sursum saturatiore, apice obtusa, fuscula;

sutura linea impressa marginata et denticulis regularibus ele-

ganter sculpta; anfr. 7 convexiusculis, ultimo spiram sub-

equante, basi subattenuato; columella crassa, subverticali, basi

late et abrupte truncata ; apertura verticali, anguste elliptica,

intus albida ; perist. simplice.

Long. 48, diam. 18 mill.

Hab. 1 APL AXXL fe. 11, 12.

46. Ennza anopon, Pfr. LE. testa profunde rimata, oblongo-

ovata, solidula, oblique distincte striata, alabastrina ; spira

ovata, versus apicem obtusulum sensim attenuata ; anfr. 6-7

via convexiusculis, penultimo latere aperture subplanato, ultimo

attenuato, 2 longitudinis formante, antico arcuatim ascendente,

basi rotundato; columella superne oblique plicata; apertura

verticalt, truncato-ovali ; perist. subincrassato, expanso, mar-

101

gine dextro subrepando, columellari paulo breviore, dilatato,

patente,

Long. 15-17, diam. 73-83 mill.

Hab. 2

47. ENNEA REEVEANA, Pfr. £. testa breviter rimata, eylindra-

cea, tenuiscula, oblique distincte plicato-striata, nitida, virenti-

hyalina ; spira subcylindrica, apice conoideo-rotundata ; sutura

impressa, submarginata, ad anfr. ultimum conferte denticulata ;

anfr. 7, primis 2 levigatis, sequentibus convexiusculis, ultimo 2

longitudinis formante, antice subascendente, basi rotundato ;

columella oblique recedente, compressa ; apertura subverticalt,

acuminato-ovali ; perist. albo, reflexiusculo, margine dextro sub-

repando, columellari breviore, sursum dilatato, fere adnato.

Long. 15, diam. 6 mill,

Hab. 2

5. Descriptions or A New Genus AND TWENTY-THREE NEW

SPECIES oF PNEUMONOPOMA, FROM THE COLLECTION OF

H. Cumine, Ese. By Dr. L. Preirrer.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXXII.)

1. TrRocHaTELLA excavata, Pfr. Tr. testa depresso-globosa,

spiraliter levissime lirata, opaca, carnea, convexa, acute mucro-

nata; anfr. 6 vix convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, obsoletissime

subangulato ; columella lata, triangulari, excavata; apertura

diagonali, ampla, subsemicirculari, in fundo fusco-carnea; perist.

albo, late expanso, ad columelle angulum subrotundatum an-

gustato.

Diam. maj, 133, min, 114, alt. 94 mill.

Hab. 2

2. Henicina REPANDA, Pfr. H. testa conoideo-semiglobosa,

solida, levissime striatula, nitidula, lutescenti-albida, fascia |

rubra supramediana ornata; spira convexa, subacuminata;

anfr. 43 vie convexiusculis, ultimo antice descendente; columella

brevi, simplice, callum crassum, circumscriptum retrorsum emit-

tente; apertura diagonali, subtriangulari; perist. recto, in-

crassato, margine supero repando, basali versus columellam

attenuato.

Diam. maj. 8, min, 64, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. 2

3. Hexicina zepriouata, Pfr. H. testa subconoideo-depressa,

tenui, striatula, parum nitida, strigis flexuosis rubris et albis

variegata, vel rubra, albo-punctata; spira parvula, parum elata,

subacuta ; anfr. 43 planis, ultimo lato, acute carinato, basi in-

fiato ; columella brevi, simplice, callum emittente tenuem ; aper-

102

tura perobliqua, semiovato-subtriangulari ; perist. simplice, recto,

margine basali in columellam subangulatim transeunte.

Diam. maj. 63, min. 54, alt. 33 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

4. Hexicina rupis, Pfr. H. testa conoideo-depressa, solidula,

ruditer striatula et submalleata, filo-carinata, fulva ; spira conoidea,

acutiuscula; anfr. 44 planis, ultimo descendente, basi parum

convexo ; columella brevi, simplice, callum tenuem, circumscriptum

retrorsum emittente; apertura diagonali, subtriangulari ; perist.

simplice, recto, acuto, margine basali cum columella angulum sub-

rectum formante.

Diam. maj. 41, min. 34, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. 2

5. Herrx sHANGHAIENSIS, Pfr. H. testa depresse conoidea,

tenui, curinata, levigata, pallide cornea, rufo-strigata ; spira

breviter conoidea, obtusula; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, ultimo non

descendente, ad suturam et carinam subacutam pallide articulato,

basi convexiore; columella brevi, verticali, callum emittente

tenuem ; apertura fere diagonali, subtriangulari ; perist. simplice,

recto, acuto, margine basali leviter arcuato, cum columella an-

gulum formante.

Diam. maj. 43, min. 4, alt. 22 mill.

Hab. Shanghai, China (Mr. Fortune).

6. Hericina spH#rorpeEA, Pfr. UH. testa subglobosa, solidula,

sub lente minutissime striata, parum nitente, pallide virenti-stra-

minea; spira rotundata, subacuminata ; anfr. 43 conveviusculis,

ultimo magno, infra medium obsoletissime angulato ; columella

albo-callosa, recedente, basi indistincte dentata, callum emittente

diffusum ; apertura diagonali, late semiovali; perist, simplice,

brevissime expanso, margine basali cum columella angulum sub-

acutum formante.

Diam. maj. 7, min. 6, alt. 54 mill.

Hab. Loyalty Island, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

7. Hericina MERDIGERA, Sallé MSS. 4. testa globoso-turbi-

nata, tenui, irregulariter et subdistanter striata, sub tegumento

lutoso rubicunda vel hyalina; spira elata, conica, acutiuscula ;

anfr. 54 conveviusculis, ultimo utringue convexiore ; columella

brevi, basi extrorsum subdentata, callum emittente tenuissimum ;

apertura diagonali, subsemicirculari ; perist. simplice, breviter

expanso, margine basali sensim in denticulum columelle abeunte.

Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 43 mill.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé).

8. Henicina MACGILLIVRAYI, Pfr. H. testa subconoideo-depressa,

solidula, spiraliter obsolete striata, nitidula, carnea vel pallide

lilacea, indistincte fasciata ; spira breviter conoidea, subacumi-

nata ; anfr. 45 planis, ultimo peripheria obsoletissime angulato ;

103

apertura perobliqua, subtriangulato-semiovali ; columella brevi,

callum emittente crassiusculum, sulco brevi circumscriptum ; perist.

simplice, breviter expanso, versus columellam attenuato.

Diam. maj. 64, min. 53, alt. 4 mill.

Hab. Isle of Pines, Australian Seas (Macgillivray).

9, Hericina pEeNTICULATA, Pfr. H. testa globoso-conica, soli-

dula, oblique striata, minutissime decussata, rugis antrorsum

descendentibus distantioribus sculpta, parum nitida, alba, superne

late flavo-fasciata ; spira convexo-conica, acuta; sutura eleganter

denticulata ; anfr. 55 vix convewiusculis, ultimo peripheria sub-

angulato, basi parum convexo; columella breviter arcuata, an-

trorsum dentata, superne rima brevi notata ; retrorsum in callum

tenuem abeunte ; apertura subtriangulari-semiovali ; perist. albo,

angulatim patente, medio in rostrum triangulare producto.

Diam. maj. a rostro 13, min. fere 11, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Honduras.

10. Henicina TURBINELLA, Pfr. WH. testa turbinata, solida,

leviter striatula, vie nitidula, lutescente ; spira conoidea, acutius-

cula; anfr. 4% convexiusculis, ultimo carinato, basi convezo ;

columella brevi, subverticali, basi subtruncata, callum retrorsum

emittente tenuissimum ; apertura diagonali, subtriangulari-semi-

ovali ; perist. albido, tenui, breviter expanso, margine basali leviter

arcuato.

Diam. maj. 43, min. 4, alt. 3 mill.

Hab. Sidney.

11. Cyctosroma (CycLotus) GLaucostomum, Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, subturbinato-depressa, solidula, striata et plicis ob-

liquis superne irregulariter sculpta, nitida, castanea; spira

brevissime conoidea, apice obtusulo, nudo; anfr. 4 convezis,

rapide accrescentibus, ultimo antice dilatato, brevi minute mal-

leato-granulato ; umbilico pervio, ¢ diametri non equante ; aper-

tura vix obliqua, subrotundata, intus cerulea, margaritacea ;

perist, recto, marginibus superne subangulatim junctis, columellari

subincrassato, perarcuato,

Diam. maj. 18, min. 14, alt. 9 mill.

Hab. Venezuela.

12. CycLtostoma (CycLotus) sorpipum, Pfr. C. testa umbi-

licata, conoideo-depressa, solidula, levissime et confertim spiraliter

lirata, sub epidermide decidua, fulva sordide alba ; spira conoidea,

mucronata; anfr. 4 convewis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo

terete, antice vix adnato; apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari ;

perist. simplice, continuo, vir expansiusculo.

Diam. maj. 73, min. 64, alt. 43 mill.

Hab. China.

13. CycLosroma (CycLorus) MACGILLIVRAYI, Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, turbinato-depressa, solida, rugoso-striata et liris

104

spiralibus in anfr. ultimo evanescentibus sculpta, opaca, carneo-

albida ; spira convexo-conoidea, submucronata; anfr. 43 con-

vexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo subdepresso, basi circa

umbilicum conicum, 4 diametri fere equantem, abrupte angulato ;

apertura obliqua, superne et basi subangulata ; perist. continuo,

obtuso, recto, ad angulum circa umbilicalem subproducto.— Operc.

concavo, calcareo, arctispirali.

Diam. maj. 9, min. 73, alt. 5 mill.

Hab. Isle of Aneiteum, New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

14, Cyctostoma (AULOPOMA) GRANDE, Pfr. C. testa umbili-

cata, depressa, solida, confertim distincte striata, sulcis spiralibus

nonnullis remotis sculpta, sub epidermide nigro-fusca, se@pe

Sfasciatim detrita, obsolete marmorata ; spira brevissima conoidea,

vertice subtili, acuminato, nigricante ; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo

terete, basi leviore, antice breviter soluto, vir descendente ; aper-

ura obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. simplice, recto..—Operc. sub-

sexspirato, anfractibus oblique valide plicatis.

Diam. maj. 25, min. 213, alt. 13 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

15, CycLtostoma (CycLOPHORUS) FORBESIANUM, Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, subdepressa, solida, liris spiralibus inequalibus sub-

confertis cincta, opaca, albida vel rubella; spira parum elevata,

vertice submucronato; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo descendente,

terete ; umbilico conico, + diametri superante ; apertura parum

obliqua, subcirculari, intus alba vel vinosa; perist. simplice, recto,

superne subdilatato, breviter adnato.—Operc. pallido.

Diam. maj. 23, min. 18, alt. 11 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island; New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

16, CycLosroma (CycLopHORUS) CONVEXIUSCULUM, Pfr. C,

testa umbilicata, convexiuscula, tenviuscula, epidermide sordide

Suscescente, confertim membranaceo-plicata, ad suturam squamosa,

induta ; spira parum elevata, vertice subtili; anfr. 44 modice

convexis, ultimo subdepresso, basi rotundato ; umbilico aperto,

3 diametri formante; apertura obliqua, subcirculari ; perist.

continuo, breviter adnato, simplice, recto.—Operc. corneo, in-

distincte arctespirato.

Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 22 mill.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope (Macgillivray).

17. CycLostoma (LEPTOPOMA) BARBATUM, Pfr. C. testa um-

bilicata, depresso-turbinata, tenui, acute carinata, sub epidermide

arcuato-striata, fulvo et castaneo variegata; spira turbinata, apice

acuta; anfr. 5 convewxiusculis, superne liris 3-4 prope carinam

munitis, ultimo ad carinam pilis squamosis barbato, basi con-

vexiore, liris 2 distantibus nonnullisque obsoletioribus subangulato ;

umbilico mediocri, conico ; apertura fere diagonali, subcirculari ;

perist. duplice ; interno continuo, expansiusculo, ad anfr. penul-

105

timum subsinuato, externo breviter patente et reflexiusculo, superne

subdilatato.

Diam. maj. 13, min. 11, alt. 64 mill.

B. Major, anfr. 5, paulo depressior, umbilico paulo latiore.

Diam. 18, alt. 81 mill.

y. Minor, anfr. 5, liris basalibus distinctioribus.

Diam. 11, alt. 6 mill.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak.

18. Cyctosroma (CycLostomus’?) ANNATONENSE, Pfr. C,

testa perforata, globoso-conica, tenui, carinis pluribus periphericis

acutis, lirisque compressis, confertis, viv elevatis munita, parum

nitida, fusca; spira acute conica, sursum pallescente ; anfr. 6

convexiusculis, ultimo ventroso ; apertura vix obliqua, irregulariter

ovali ; perist. tenui, albido, marginibus approximatis, dextro bre-

vissime expanso, columellari superne recedente, cum parte inferiore

subangulatim juncto, angustissimo.

Diam. maj. 8, min. 62, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Isle of Aneiteum or Annaton ; New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

19. Cyctosroma (CycLtostomus?) sinuatum, Pfr. C. testa

umbilicata, globoso-turbinata, solida, levigata, vir nitidula, alba;

spira turbinata, acutiuscula ; anfr. 54 convexis, prope suturam

liris 5 filaribus cinctis, ultimo rotundato, circa umbilicum an-

gustum, pervium liris paulo confertioribus sculpto ; apertura vir

obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. breviter expanso, marginibus callo

subexciso junctis, dextro superne repando, fere sinuoso, columellari

non latiore.

Diam. maj. 22, min. 18, alt. 17 mill.

Hab. Madagascar?

20. DrpLommatina CHorpata, Pfr. D. testa sinistrorsa, pro-

Sunde rimata, subfusiformi, tenui, levigata, costulis subdistantibus

chordeformibus munita, diaphana, cereo-albida; spira ovato-

conica, acuta; anfr. 7 convexis, ultimo atienuato, antice ascen-

dente ; apertura vix obliqua, subcirculari; perist. duplice, interno

continuo, breviter adnato, ceterum expansiusculo, externo breviter

patente.

Long. 4, diam. 2 mill.

8. Minor, paulo confertius chordata.

Hab. New Zealand (Strange) ; var. 3. Lord Howe’s Island (Mac-

gillivray ).

Awnautus, Pfr., nov. gen. Operculum tenuissimum, corneum, sub-

arctispirum, extus concaviusculum. Testa umbilicata, pupine-

formis ; apertura circularis; peristoma duplex: internum con-

tinuum, externum dilatatum, ad insertionem marginis dextri canali

aperto perforatum.

21. ANAULUS BoMByYCINUS, Pfr. A. testa impervie umbilicata,

oblonga, tenuiuscula, confertim striata, sericea, rubello-corneu ;

No. CCXCI.—ProceeEepinGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL Society.

106

spira irregulari, inflata, in conum obtusulum desinente; anfr. 6

convexis, penultimo gibbo, latere aperturali subplanato, ultimo

attenuato, ad suturam marginato, antice ascendente; apertura

circulari, basi axin subexcedente ; perist. interno calloso, adnato,

externo late expanso, refleviusculo, marginibus superne callo junctis.

—Operc. luteo-corneo.

Long. 14, diam. 71 mill. Apert. intus fere 4 mill. diam.

(3. Minor anfr. 54, penultimo magis turgido.

Long. 10, diam. vix 6 mill.

Hab. Bomeo, Sarawak. Pl. XXXII. fig. 10.

22. Hyprocena acuTitirata, Pfr. H. testa aperte perforata,

turbinata, tenui, liris acutis, magis minusve confertis, nonnullis

interdum carineformibus, cincta, cornea; spira conica, acuta ;

anfr. 54 conveviusculis, ultimo basi inflato ; apertura obliqua,

angulato-subovali ; perist. simplice, subrecto, marginibus vallo

tenui junctis, sinistro subangulato.

Long. 10, diam. 63 mill.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island; New Hebrides (Macgillivray).

23. HyproceNna (OMPHALOTROPIS) VESTITA, Pfr. H. testa

perforata, oblongo-conica, tenui, striata et spiraliter conferte

lirata, epidermide fuscula vestita ; spira pyramidata, acutiuscula ;

anfr. 6 planis, ultimo carina acuta infra medium, secunda circa

perforationem, nonnullisque minoribus basalibus munito ; apertura

vix obliqua, subangulato-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus

convergentibus.—Operc. fusco.

Long. 5, diam. 3 mill. Ap. 2 mill. longa.

Hab. New Zealand.

6. Descriptions or Nine New Specits or HELICEA, FROM

Mr. Cumine’s coLttectTion. By Dr. L. Preirrer.

(Mollusca, Pl. XXXII.)

1. Sprraxis Cuminerana, Pfr. 8S. testa turrita, solida, sub-

levigata, nitidula, nigra; spira elongata, sursum in conum acu-

tiusculum terminata ; anfr. 8, supremis planis, capillaceo-striatis,

reliquis prope suturam albo cinctam angulosis, ultimo 2 longitu-

dinis subequante, superne et infra medium angulato, basi attenuato;

columella lamina alba, torta, basin fere attingente, munita; aper-

tura vie obliqua, rhombeo-ovali, intus c@rulescente ; perist. sim-

plice, intus nigro-labiato.

Long. 48, diam. 16 mill.

Hab. Kanai, Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). Pl. XXXII. fig.1.

2. Butimus Trait, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, oblongo-ovata,

tenuiuscula, leviter striata, nitida, nigro-castunea ; spira convexo-

conica, apice obtusa; sutura levi, albo-marginata; anfr. 5 con-

107

vexiusculis, ultimo spira via breviore, infra medium obsoletissime

angulato ; columella fere stricta, subdilatata, plana; apertura

obliqua, ovali, antice fusca, intus cerulescente ; perist. breviter

expanso, margine dextro leviter arcuato.

Long. 36, diam. 22 mill.

Hab. Palawan Passage, near Borneo (Dr. Traill, H.EJI.C.).

Pl. XXXII. fig. 6.

3. Butimus cinerosus, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovoidea,

solida, oblique striatula, fusca, epidermide suturate cinerea,

strigatim detrita, obducta ; spira convexo-eonica, apice obtusa ;

anfr. 5 modice convewis, ultimo spira paulo breviore ; columella

subplana, leviter introrsum dilatata, alba; apertura obliqua,

truncato-ovali, intus albida ; perist. subsimplice, breviter expanso.

Long. 363, diam. 13 mill.

Hab. Palawan Passage, near Borneo (Dr. Traill, H.E.I.C.).

Pl. XXXII. fig. 5.

4. Hewurx rraiu, Pfr. AH. testa umbilicata, conica, solida,

oblique confertim plicata, castaneo-fulvida ; spira conica, apice

obtusula; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo fascia peripherica et area lata

basali lutea ornato, antice vix descendente ; apertura diagonali,

truncato-ovali, intus ceruleo-albida ; perist. JSusco, expanso et

reflexiusculo, marginibus subconniventibus, columellari brevi, albo,

late reflexo, umbilicum angustum Jere tegente.

Diam. maj. 54, min. 43, alt. 37 mill.

Hab. Palawan Passage, near Borneo (Dr. Trail, H.E.I.C.).

Pl. XXXII. fig. 4.

5. Hextix patawanica, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, globoso-

depressa, solida, oblique striata, striis obliquis subgranulata,

pallide fulva; spira brevi, convewa ; anfr. 4 convexiusculis, ultimo

parum deflexo, prope suturam et supra peripheriam nigro-fasciato,

infra fasciam periphericam albidam nigricante, circa umbilicum

fere obtectum pallido; apertura perobliqua, rotundato-lunari,

intus margaritacea, obscure fasciata ; perist. incrassato, nigro,

expanso et revoluto, margine columellari dilatato, fornicato-

reflexo. ;

Diam. maj. 43, min. 33, alt. 23 mill.

Hab. Palawan Passage, near Borneo (Dr. Traill, H.EI.C.).

Pl. XXXII. fig. 7

6. Hevrx meveacris, Pfr. WH. testa umbilicata, convexo-de-

pressa, tenuiuscula, subremote striata, parum nitida, superne

nigro-castanea, maculis lutescentibus irregulariter aspersa; spira

brevi, conoideo-convexa, obtusula ; anfr. 53 convexiusculis, ultimo

antice parum descendente, peripheria rotundato, fascia pallida

cincto, basi convexo, pallide corneo ; umbilico conico, + diametri

subequante ; apertura perobliqua, irregulariter lunato-rotundata ;

perist. subsimplice, marginibus conniventibus, dextro antrorsum

108

arcuato, vie expansiusculo, basali incrassato, subreflexo, columel-

lari brevi, parum dilatato.

Diam. maj. 19, min. 16, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Wanderer Bay, Guadaleanar, Salomon’s Islands (Macgil-

livray). Pl. XXXII. fig. 8.

7. Hevix micratortiA, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, conica, tenuius-

cula, oblique levissime striatula, nitidula, fulvo-lutea, sepe linea

rufa ad suturam ascendente notata; spira turbinata, apice ob-

tusula ; anfr. 5 modice convevis, ultimo antice non descendente,

peripheria obsolete angulato, basi convexo, sub lente spiraliter

striato; apertura perobliqua, subrhombeo-ovali ; perist. albo,

margine dextro breviter expanso, fleruoso, basali calloso, refiexo,

columellari dilatato, reflexro, umbilicum angustum semitegente.

Diam. maj. 18, min. 15, alt. 15 mill.

Hab. Wanderer Bay, Guadalcanar, Salomon’s Islands (Macgil-

livray). Pl. XXXII. fig. 3.

8. Hexrx vitrensis, Pfr. H. testa perforata, subconoideo-de-

pressa, solida, levigata, nitida, fusco-carnea; spira conoideo-

convera, vertice subtili; sutura levi, rufo-marginata ; anfr. 5}

convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente,

supra medium obsolete angulato, basi planiore, pallidiore ; aper-

tura parum obliqua, lunari, intus margaritacea ; perist. recto,

marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari oblique descendente, ad

perforationem leviter incrassato et reflexo.

Diam. maj. 18, min. 163, alt. 10 mill.

Hab. Ovalau, Feejee Islands (Macgillivray). Pl. XXXII. fig. 9.

9. Butimus MAcGILLIvRayI, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, fusi-

formi-oblonga, solidula, leviter striata, nitida, castaneo-fulva ;

spira elongato-conica, obtusiuscula ; sutura levi, fascia albida vel

rosea notata; anfr. 54 parum convexis, ultimo + longitudinis

subequante, infra suturam turgidulo, basi attenuato; apertura

vix obliqua, angusta, acuminato-semiovali, intus margaritacea,

callo nodiformi parietali et plica validissima, obliqua columelle

coarctata ; perist. subincrassato, breviter expanso, margine colu-

mellari dilatato, umbilicum angustum semitegente.

Long. 59, diam. 22 mill.

Hab. Wanderer Bay, Guadalcanar, Salomon’s Islands (Macgit-

livray). Pl. XXXII. fig. 2.

ry > fap Fee ae

COIS INTO TT TT TT ee a

Yat SOM L

) sosAy GS 7 902g

rw)

me m

2 ~~ ’ -

;

109

June 26, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Descriptions oF somE New SPEciEs OF BirRDS FROM SANTA

Fé pt Bogota. By Puritie Lurvey Sciater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. XCIX.-CII.)

1. Nemosia ALBIGULARIS. (Pl. XCIX.)

N. nigra: dorso postico crissoque cum macula collart utrinque et

plumis narium quibusdam aurantio-flavis : speculo alari albo :

subtus albo pectoris et laterum plumis partim intus nigro vit-

tatis : rostro supra nigricante, subtus carneo : pedibus nigris.

Long. tota 4°2, alee 2°5, caudze 1°8.

This is a close ally of Nemosia flavicollis (Vieill.), from which,

however, it may be at once distinguished by its white throat, the

yellow colour being confined to a patch on the side of the neck. The

spot above the nostrils and orange tint of the yellow are other dif-

ferences which serve to confirm the validity of this species. There

are examples of it in the British Museum and in Mr. Gould’s collec-

tion and my own.

2. Pyriguena Exuisiana. (PI. C.)

P. fusco-castanea unicolor : facie, mento et regione auricular

cum cauda nigricantibus : rostro nigro, mandibula inferiore,

nisi ipsa tomia basique, alba.

Long. tota 7:0, alee 3°3, caudee 3°1.

The only specimen T have seen of this species was received by

Lady Ellis in a collection of birds from Bogota, and presented by

her to the British Museum. At the request of Mr. G. R. Gray, I

have named it after the donor. The form is nearly that of P. domi-

cella, but there is no sign of a white subinterscapular spot, as is

general in the species of this genus. The tail-coverts are very thick.

The plumage is of a nearly uniform cinnamon-brown, brighter above,

and with a greenish gloss on the breast. The front, sides of the

head, throat and tail are black.

3. Anruus socotensis. (Pl. CI.)

A. pennis corporis superi mediatiter nigris pallido cervino-brunneo

late marginatis: alis intus nigris ; primariis stricte, secondariis

autem et tectricibus pallido cervino-brunneo late marginatis :

rectricibus nigris ; una utringue extima, nisi pogonii interioris

parte basali, tota pallide alba, brunnescente tincta ; ceteris

extus et duabus mediis utrinque cervino-brunneo anguste lim-

110

batis : capitis lateribus et corpore toto subtus pallide cervino-

brunneis, ventre crissoque albescentioribus ; pectoris lateribus et

collo antico punctis paucis triangularibus nigris, quasi torquem

formantibus, notatis : rostro nigro, mandibula inferiore basi

flavido: pedibus validis, flavis : ungue postico valde elongato.

Long. tota 5:0, alee 3°2, caudze 2°3.

This is the only bird of the nearly universally distributed family of

Pipits I have seen from Bogota, and appears distinct from any species

previously noticed. The bill is rather larger, and the feet stronger

and thicker than in the ordinary members of the genus. Above, the

plumage is of the usual pale brownish fawn-colour, thickly clouded

with black, caused by the feathers being broadly margined on each

side with the fawn-colour. The sides of the head and under-plumage

are uniform, except on the sides of the breast and across the neck,

where there are small black triangular spots in the centre of some

of the feathers. The under wing-coverts are pure pale buff; the

middle of the belly and crissum lighter and nearly whitish.

4. Orocorys PEREGRINA. (PI. CII.)

Otocoris chrysolaimos, Bp. Att. Sc. It. 1845, p.405 (nec Wagl.).

O. supra grisescenti-brunnea, rufo tincta; pennis nigro variegatis :

Sronte, facie gulaque flavis, loris et regione auriculari et vitta

transversa verticis cum plaga magna superpectorali nigris: ab-

domine crissoque et tectricibus alarum inferioribus albis, pectore

et lateribus rufescente griseo mixtis: alis nigricantibus ; pri-

mariis albido, secondariis rufescente-griseo, tectricibus majori-

bus rufo limbatis ; tectricibus summis pure rufo-brunneis, pene

castaneis: cauda nigricante ; rectrice una utrinque extima late,

secunda autem versus apicem solum et angustius albo limbata ;

duabus mediis rufescente griseo utrinque late marginatis : tec-

tricibus caude superioribus basi rufis : rostro nigro, mandibula

inferiore basi alba: pedibus intense brunneis.

Long. tota 5:5, alee 3°8, caudee 2°4.

I have had an example of this bird in my possession several years,

but have always considered it the same as Wagler’s O. chrysolema,

with which it has been identified by Prince Charles Bonaparte.

Having however lately obtained specimens of the Mexican species, I

find the Bogota bird presents such differences as to render its specific

isolation necessary. It is rather smaller than the former, the tail is

shorter, the bill longer and more curved, and the back has more

black upon it. But the chief peculiarity to be remarked in my

specimen (which is not quite adult) is the pure red-brown colour of

the upper wing-coverts, which in the Mexican bird are lighter, paler,

and more pinky. There are many examples of this species in the

Paris Museum, in the collection recently transmitted from Bogota by

M. Lewy, the French consul there. I have no doubt fully mature

individuals will exhibit still further differences.

111

2. Descriptions or THirty-E1GHT New Species or LAnp-

SHELLS, FROM THE CoLLECTION or H. Cumine, Esa.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. Heuix rues, Pfr. AH. testa subobtecte perforata, globoso-

depressa, solida, striata, sulcis obliquis irregularibus profunde

cicatricosa, epidermide glutinosa, fulva, castaneo strigata obducta;

spira brevi, conoidea, obtusa; anfr. 5 convexis, infra suturam

canaliculatam perturgidis, ultimo obsolete subangulato, peripheria

albo-fasciato, basi leviter undulato-striato, subcompresso; apertura

perobliqua, truncato-ovali, intus albida, nitida ; perist. simplice,

obtuso, margine dextro subinflexo.

Diam. maj. 69, min. 56, alt. 37 mill.

Hab. Dingle, Province of Ilo To, Island of Panay, in woods under

decayed leaves.

2. Hexrx correa, Pfr. H. testa perforata, elato-trochiformi,

solidula, levissime striatula, fusca, fasciis saturatioribus et sutu-

rali alba notata ; spira convexo-conica, apice nigricante, acutius-

cula; anfr. 6 modice convewis, ultimo peripheria obsoletissime

angulato, basi subplano, fusco ; apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali ;

perist. recto, marginibus subparallelis, columellari vie incrassato,

ad perforationem reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 30, min. 26, alt. 24 mill.

Hab. Moluccas.

3. Hexix LaLitoénsis, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, subdepresso-

globosa, tenui, striis confertis subtilissime decussata, parum nitida,

alba, fasciis 2 antice nigricantibus, tum pallescentibus ornata ;

spira parvula, convera; anfr. 4 rapide accrescentibus, ultimo

inflato, antice via descendente ; columella tenui, compressa, sub-

excavata, leviter arcuata; apertura obliqua, lunato-rotundata ;

perist. tenui, equaliter et mediocriter expanso.

Diam. maj. 29-38, min. 223-29, alt. 18-25 mill.

Hab. Lallo, Cagayan, Isle of Luzon.

4. Hexrx mixitaris, Pfr. 4H. testa imperforata, globoso-turbi-

nata, tenui, oblique striata et lineis minutis oblique descendentibus

sculpta, nigro-castanea ; spira turbinata, apice obtusa; anfr. 65

convexis, ultimo turgido, carinato (carina antice obsoletiore),

breviter deflexo ; columella brevi, plica valida dentiformi munita ;

apertura perobliqua, lunato-rotundata; perist. albo, expanso et

reflexo, margine dextro perarcuato, columellari fere appresso.

Diam. maj. 47, min. 39, alt. 36 mill.

Hab. Seychelles.

5. Hetrx cametus, Pfr. 4H. testa compresse umbilicata, co-

noideo-campanulata, solida, striata, sub lente minutissime decus-

sata, alba, castaneo trifasciata ; spira ventrosa, sursum conoideo-

attenuata ; anfr. 6 modice convexis, ultimo antice vix descendente,

basi subgibboso-compresso ; apertura diagonali, truncato-ovali ;

112

columella arcuata, callosa, subtruncata; perist. albo, expanso,

margine columellari dilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 29, min. 25, alt. 26 mill.

Hab. 2

6. Hexvix riexuosa, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, soli-

dula, leviter striata, nitida, castanea ; spira subplana, medio vir

immersa; anfr. 5 celeriter accrescentibus, convexiusculis, superne

irregulariter spiraliter striatis, ultimo lato, subdepresso, antice

vix descendente, basi circa umbilicum angustum, pervium non

compresso; apertura obliqua, rotundato-lunari, latiore quam alta;

perist. lete lilacino, expanso, margine basali declivi, flecuoso,

reflexo.

Diam. maj. 30, min. 25, alt. 11 mill.

Hab. Borneo.

7. Hexrx srerrara, Pfr. H. testa perforata, convexo-lenticulari,

tenui, pellucida, cornea, oblique plicata, bicarinata, carinis pilis

longis ciliatis; spira parum elata, vertice subtili; anfr. 44

scalaribus, ultimo antice non descendente, basi vix convexo ; aper-

tura subobliqua, depresse securiformi; perist. simplice, recto,

marginibus subparallelis, columellari vir reflexiusculo,

Diam. maj. 74, min. 64, alt. 34 mill.

Hab. Ceylon.

8. Hetrx Leucostyia, Pfr. A. testa imperforata, conoideo-

semiglobosa, solida, oblique striata, sub lente minute decussata,

castanea ; spira convewiusculo-conica, apice obtusula; anfr. 6%

convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, utrin-

que convexo, medio carinato ; columella stricta, parum obliqua,

calloso-incrassata; apertura diagonali, subtetragono-lunari; perist.

simplice, recto.

Diam. maj. 214, min. 194, alt. 14 mill.

Hab, Mauritius Island.

9. Heuix Lupersi, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, sublenticulari,

tenuiuscula, oblique striatula, corneo-albida, fasciis angustis

e@qualibus rufis ornata; spira convexa, obtusa; sutura albomar-

ginata ; anfr. 53 viv convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo

non descendente, medio carina acuta alba munito, basi convexius-

culo, nitido ; umbilico conico, 4 diametri subequante ; apertura

diagonali, subrhombeo-lunari ; perist. simplice, marginibus vir

convergentibus, supero recto, acuto, basali subincrassato.

Diam. maj. 19, min. 17, alt. 7 mill.

Hab. Ovalau, Feejee Islands (Mr. Macgillivray).

10. Hexix conrusa, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, conoideo-semi-

globosa, tenuiuscula, confertim striata et irregulariter spiraliter

subsulcata, glutinosa, fulvo-lutea, castaneo-radiata ; spira breviter

conoidea, obtusa ; anfr. 43, ultimo lato, obsoletius striato, supra

peripheriam subimpresso, antice non descendente, basi convexo,

113

leviore ; umbilico perspectivo, intus concolore, striato ; apertura

Sere diagonali, truncato-ovali, intus margaritacea ; perist. sim-

plice, recto, margine columellari superne subdilatato, patente.

Diam. maj. 35, min. 28, alt. 17 mill.

Hab. Cape Upstart, Australia.

11, Hexrx antrorsa, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, subconica, tenui,

striata et rugulis antrorsum descendentibus decussata, pellucida,

corneo-albida ; spira conoidea, obtusiuscula; sutura marginata ;

anfr. 5 convexiusculis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo compresse

et acute carinato, superne planiusculo, antice cum carina deflexo,

basi circa umbilicum angustum inflato; apertura perobliqua,

lanceoluto-lunari ; perist. tenui, marginibus vix convergentibus,

supero expanso, ad carinam subrostrato, basali perarcuato, reflexo,

supra umbilicum dilatato.

Diam. maj. 23, min. 194, alt. 12 mill.

Hab. Haman Island.

12. Hezix exatrata, Pfr. H. testa perforata, trochiformi,

tenuiuscula, striis obliquis et spiralibus minute decussata, carinata,

sericea, albida, supra carinam fusco anguste unifasciata ; spira

concavo-conica, eluta, acutiuscula; anfr. 7 vir convexiusculis,

ultimo non descendente, infra carinam acutam modice convexo ;

apertura parum obliqua, angulato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto,

margine columellari superne reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 15, min. 132, alt. 11 mill.

Hab. Salomon’s Islands.

13. Henrx vexiiuaris, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, turbinata,

tenui, striata et leviter antrorsum rugato-malleata, nitidula, alba ;

spira turbinata, apice grisea, acutiuscula; anfr. 5 convezis,

ultimo vix descendente, turgido, subangulato, basi virenti-fulvo,

spiraliter striato ; columella declivi, subarcuata, plana; apertura

diagonali, truncato-elliptica ; perist. tenui, marginibus subcon-

niventibus, dextro expanso et reflexiusculo, superne arcuato, basali

reflexo.

Diam. maj. 28, min. 23, alt. 22 mill.

Hab. Haman Island.

14. Hexix reineryua, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, conoideo-

globosa, solida, oblique striata, nitida, sub epidermide lutea albida ;

spira convexo-conoidea, acutiuscula; anfr. 4} parum convevis,

ultimo antice subito deflexo et valde constricto, medio subcarinato,

basi convexiore, spiraliter striato, centro excavato ; apertura per-

obliqua, irregulariter subiriangulurit lunari ; perist. calloso, albo,

refleco, margine supero subflexcuoso, basali perarcuato, prope

columellam intus subdentato.

Diam. maj. 23, min. 204, alt. 15 mill.

Hab. Monda Island.

15. Hewrx moraciua, Pfr. H. testa anguste umbilicata, conoideo-

subglobosa, tenui, striatula striolisque antrorsum descendentibus sub-

114

decussata, fusco-lutea, ad suturam et peripheriam albo fasciata ;

spira conoidea, obtusula; anfr. 43 convexis, ultimo inflato, antice

non descendente, medio subcarinato ; apertura diagonali, subtrian-

gulari-lunari ; perist. roseo-albo, marginibus distantibus, supero

flexuoso, expanso, basali reflexo, leviter arcuato, juxta columel-

larem subfornicatim leviter dentato.

Diam. maj. 20, min. 18, alt. 123 mill.

Hab. Eddystone Island.

16. Hexrx sacsavensis, Pfr. H. testa anguste umbilicata,

conoidea, tenui, striata, striolis antrorsum descendentibus subde-

cussata, fulvescenti-albida, fascia alba peripherica, angusta cas-

tanea supra eam et nonnullis fuscis ornata; spira conoidea; anfr.

41 modice convewis, ultimo non descendente, medio subcarinato ;

apertura diagonali, rotundato-lunari; perist. tenui, marginibus

subconniventibus, supero arcuato, expanso, basali reflero, ad

umbilicum dilatato, fornicato.

Diam. maj. 193, min. 154, alt. 12 mill.

Hab. Sachala Island.

17. Hextix werorca, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, convexo-depressa,

solida, irregulariter albo-plicata, interstitiis corneis ; spira parum

elevata, convexa, apice obtusa, livida; anfr. 43 convexiusculis,

lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice breviter deflexo, medio sub-

angulato, basi subplanulato, antrorsum tumido et tum subcon-

stricto ; apertura perobliqua, elliptica ; perist. subcontinuo, mar-

gine supero tenui, expanso, basali flexuoso, dilatato, reflexo, intus

dente mediocri transversali munito.

Diam. maj. 233, min. 18, alt. 12 mill.

Hab. Celebes (Mrs. F. Pfeiffer).

Note.—Helix Bridwilli, Pfr. in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 49, and

Reeve, Conch. Ic. sp. 1034, pl. 157, must be Helix Bidwilli.

18. Butrmus 1nTEGER, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, oblonga,

solida, oblique irregulariter rugata, spiraliter sulcata (interstitiis

confertim arcuato-lincolatis), carnea, strigis et flammulis griseo-

Suscis picta; spira elongato-conica, obtusula; sutura crenulata ;

anfr. 7% convexiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore ; columella

griseo-lilacea, terete, subtorta, arcuatim in peristoma continuata ;

apertura fere verticali, truncata, ovali; perist. subincrassato,

breviter expanso, margine columellari subdilatato, adnato.

Long. 82, diam. 39 mill.

8. Testa minore, sepe subunicolore carneo-grisea, anfr. 65, columella

magis torta.

Long. 65, diam. 31 mill.

Hab. Quito, Ecuador (Mrs. Pfeiffer).

19. Butimus pLumsBevus, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, oblonga,

solida, impressionibus obliquis malleata, sub epidermide olivacea

rufo-strigata et flammulata ; spira convexo-conica, apice nigri-

cante, obtusula ; sutura subcrenulata ; anfr. 6 vie convevis, ultimo

115

spira paulo breviore, antice subascendente, basi attenuato ; colu-

mella leviter plicato, ceruleo-albida ; apertura via obliqua, semi-

ovali, intus nigro-livida, margaritacea ; perist. nigricanti-plumbeo,

incrassato et breviter reflexo.

Long. 93, diam. 36 mill.

Hab. Venezuela.

20. Butimus warnest, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovato-conica,

solida, oblique leviter striata, castanea, strigis undulosis et laceris

flavidis picta ; spira elongata, subconcavo-conica, apice violacea,

acutiuscula; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis vir

Sormante, infra medium subangulato ; columella parum declivi,

livido-carnea ; apertura diagonali, lunato-rotundata ; perist. ex-

panso et breviter reflexo, violaceo-fusco.

Long. 52, diam. 27 mill.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

21. Butimus Episcopauis, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata,

ovato-conica, tenui, longitudinaliter subrugoso-striata et minute

granulata, interdum transverse sulcatula, olivaceo-fulva, maculis

rujfis irregulariter aspersa ; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 44,

superis vie convexis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, oblique

descendente, antice arcuatim subascendente, basi vix attenuato ;

columella leviter compresse plicata ; apertura angulato-ovali, intus

lilacea; perist. purpureo, expanso et breviter revoluto, margine

columellari subappresso.

Long. 47-58, diam. 22-27 mill.

Hab. Bogota.

22. Buximus cocaparensis, Pfr. 3B. testa imperforata, ovato-

oblonga, solida, minutissime decussata, sub epidermide virenti-

fulvida violaceo-carnea; spira convewxo-conica, apice obtusa;

sutura albida, irregulari ; anfr. 5}, superis radiatim costatis et

minutissime granulatis, sequentibus peroblique descendentibus,

parum convevis, ultimo spiram subequante, basi rotundato ; colu-

mella recedente, leviter arcuata ; apertura subverticali, acuminato-

ovali, intus margaritacea ; perist. incrassato, breviter expanso,

marginibus callo nitido junctis, columellari dilatato, adnato.

Long. 67, diam. 30 mill.

Hab. Cocapata, Bolivia (T. Bridges).

23. BuLtimus conrLueEns, Pfr. 3B. testa late et compresse um-

bilicata, oblongo-acuminata, tenuiuscula, impresso-punctata, albida,

strigis spadiceis angulosis, subfasciatim confluentibus, albo-punc-

tatis picta; spira elongato-conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 64 con-

veviusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, basi valde compresso ;

columella arcuatim procedente, basi nodifera; apertura via obliqua,

rhombeo-ovali, basi subangulata, intus lilaceo-rubente ; perist.

undique late expanso, patente, margine columellari subflecuoso.

Long. 40, diam. 17 mill.

Hab. Marmato, New Granada.

116

24, Butimus convexus, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata, ob-

longo-fusiformi, solidula, striata, nitida, albida, strigis fuscis,

albo-lineolatis ornata ; spira elongata, acutiuscula ; anfr.7 con-

vexis, ultima spira paulo breviore, juxta umbilicum compressa ;

columella arcuata, supra basin nodifera ; apertura obliqua, basi

recedente, elliptica, basi canaliculata, intus lilaceo-rosea ; perist.

latiuscule expanso, margine columellari anguste reflexo.

Long. 38, diam. 14 mill.

Hab. New Granada.

25. Butimus CHAM#LEON, Pfr. B. testa perforata, ovato-

oblonga, solidula, striatula, nitida, albida, strigis fulvis, castaneis

et latis nigricantibus varie ornata; spira convexo-conica, obtusula;

anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi rotun-

dato ; columella leviter torta, recedente; apertura via obliqua,

truncato-ovali, intus albida ; perist. simplice, recto, margine colu-

mellari superne dilatato, subangulatim reflexo.

Long. 27, diam. 11} mill.

Hab. Quito (Mr. Bourcier).

26. Buximus asscissus, Pfr. B. testa subimperforata, pyra-

midata, solidula, ruguloso-striata, opaca, albida; spira elongato-

conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 63 vix conveviusculis, ultimo spira

paulo breviore, basi rectangule carinato, quasi abscisso ; columella

arcuata ; apertura parum obliqua, rhomboideo-ovali, intus rosea ;

perist. vix expanso, purpureo, marginibus callo purpureo junctis,

columellari reflexo, subadnato.

Long. 28, diam. 13 mill.

Hab. Province of Quito, Ecuador.

27. Butimus verrucosus, Pfr. B. testa aperte et compresse

umbilicata, ovato-conica, solida, plicis subinterruptis et verrucis

oblongis sculpta, fusca, pallide variegata; spira conica, acutius-

cula ; sutura subcanaliculata ; anfr. 7% planiusculis, ultimo 2 lon-

gitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; columella leviter plicata ;

apertura subverticali, truncato-ovali, ad columellam subangulata,

intus livida ; perist. recto, intus fusco-limbato, margine columel-

lari dilatato, patente.

Long. 23, diam. 114 mill.

Hab. Galapagos Islands.

28. ACHATINA ATRAMENTARIA, Pfr. (A. regina /3, Pfr. Mon.)

A. testa oblongo-ovata, solidula, confertim subruditer striata, niti-

dula, plerumque tegumento calcareo obducta; spira elongata, apice

obtusiuscula ; anfr. 7 modice convexis, summis carneis, sequenti-

bus fusco-violaceo flammulatis, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante,

nigricante ; columella violacea, callosa, subtorta, basi oblique

truncata ; apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali, intus margaritacea,

violacea ; perist. simplice, intus nigro-limbato, marginibus callo

Susco-nigro junctis.

Long. 81, diam. 35 mill.

Hab. New Granada.

117

29. AcHATINA (OLEACINA) BINNEYANA, Pfr. 4. testa fusi-

Sormi, tenui, confertim plicata, parum nitente, carnea, strigis va-

ricosis castaneis irregulariter notata ; spira conica, apice acutius-

cula; sutura marginata et eleganter crenulata ; anfr. 74 parum

convexis, ultimo spira paulo longiore, basi attenuato ; columella

leviter arcuata, ad basin aperture verticalis, lanceolate late trun-

cata ; perist. simplice, tenui.

Long. 91, diam. 33 mill.

Hab. 2

30. CyLINDRELLA CHORDATA, Pfr. C. testa vix rimata, cylin-

draceo-turrita, truncata, tenera, subtilissime striata et costulis

chordeformibus, subdistantibus munita, albida; sutura costis ex-

currentibus crenata; anfr. superst. 11-12 vix convexiusculis, ul-

timo antice soluto, breviter descendente, latere dextro angulato,

basi acute carinato ; carina filiformi, crenata; apertura obliqua,

subtetragono-rotunda ; perist. albo, continuo, undique breviter ex-

panso.

Long. 10, diam. 23 mill.

Hab. St. Croix, West Indies.

31. Prerocycios Birrons, Pfr. Pt. testa umbilicata, discoidea,

solida, superne arcuato-striatula, nitida, purpurascenti-castanea ;

spira plana, vertice subtili, lucide castaneo ; sutura alba ; anfr. 6

convexis, ultimo latiore, peripheria obsolete angulata, antice de-

scendente et juxta suturam prominentiam fornicatam formante,

basi violaceo ; apertura diagonali, subcirculari; perist. duplicato,

incrassato ; interno superne sulco triangulari interrupto, externo

subpatente, superne producto et in prominentiam anfractus ultimi

abeunte.

Diam. maj. 25, min. 214, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Ceylon..

32. CycLosroma (CycLorus) IRREGULARE, Pfr. C. testa um-

bilicata, turbinato-depressa, solida, confertim striata, fulvida ;

spira breviter turbinata, acutiuscula; sutura profunda; anfr. 5

convexis, ultimo superne turgido, ad suturam late canaliculato,

infra medium fascia lata fusca notato, circa umbilicum infundibuli-

Sormem, intus valide plicatum subanguloso ; apertura obliqua, sub-

triangulari-ovali, superne angulata; perist. continuo, breviter ad-

nato, recto, margine dextro dilatato, columellari incrassato, leviter

arcuato, ad basin canaliculato.

Diam. maj. 37, min. 30, alt. 19 mill.

Hab. Costarica, Central America.

33. CycLosroma (CycLotus) BOGOTENSE, Pfr. C. testa umbi-

licata, turbinato-depressa, tenuiuscula, malleato-punctata, nitida,

Jusco-viridi ; spira parum elata, apice obtusiuscula, albida ; anfr.

43 convevis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo terete, peripheria linea

albida cingulato, circa umbilicum mediocrem, conicum pallido ;

apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari, superne vix angulata; perist.

118

recto, continuo, breviter adnato, margine dextro perarcuato, sinistro

subincrassato, minus arcuato.

Diam. maj. 22, min. 17, alt. 11 mill.

Hab. New Granada.

34. CycLtostoma (CycLostomus) LEvE, Pfr. C. testa perforata,

globoso-conica, tenui, levi, striatula, nitida, pellucida, rubello-suc-

cinea ; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo spiram

subequante ; apertura obliqua, irregulariter rotundata; perist.

subcontinuo, breviter adnato, margine sinistro medio angulatim

dilatato.— Operc. calcareum, nucleo submediano.

Long. 7, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Guadalcanar, Salomon’s Islands (Mr. Macgillivray).

35. CarauLus aurgus, Pfr. C. testa breviter rimata, oblongo-

pyramidali, tenuiuscula, confertim striata, sericina, lete aurea;

spira turrita, apice acutiuscula ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 8

conveais, ultimo parum attenuato, basi avin vix excedente ; carina

umbilicari valida, compressa, antrorsum parum dilatata ; periom-

phalo lato, antice costulato ; apertura circulari ; perist. albo, du-

plice interno continuo, appresso, basi canali angusto interrupto,

externo perincrassato, fornicatim reflero, basi producto, canali

mediocri perforato.

Long. 25, diam. 10 mill.

Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites).

36. Pupina surERBA, Pfr. P. testa ovato-conica, tenui, glaber-

rima, nitidissima, aurantiaco-fusca ; spira convexo-conica, acutius-

cula; sutura levi, submarginata; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo

latere aperture planulato, antice breviter ascendente, basi avin

paululum excedente; apertura subcirculari, bicanaliculata; la-

mella parietali arcuata, latere dextro canalem latum cum peristo-~

mate formante, sinistro angulatim supra linguam latam columella-

rem prominente ; perist. obtuso, latere dextro subrepando, sinistro

ad canalem ascendentem subincrassato.

Long. 15, diam. 123 mill.

Hab. Sumatra (Mrs. F. Pfeiffer).

37. Henicina eGreeta, Pfr. H. testa subgloboso-conoidea, te-

nuiuscula, spiraliter substriata, albida, superne tenia lata fulvida

et ad peripheriam fascia castanea ornata; spira parvula, conoidea,

acuta; anfr. vix 5 conveaxiusculis, ultimo magno, peripheria ro-

tundato ; columella brevi, in nodum dentiformem abeunte, callum

emittente lutescentem, circumscriptum ; apertura obliqua, subtri-

angulari ; perist. subincrassato, horizontaliter patente.

Diam. maj. 113, min. 9, alt. 73 mill.

Hab. Wanderer Bay, Guadalcanar, Salomon’s Islands (Mr. Mac-

gillivray).

38. Hexicrna sprnirera, Pfr. H. testa conoidea, tenuiuscula,

oblique striata et spiraliter subconfertim lirata, flavida vel carnea,

119

sepe saturatius tessellata et ad suturam tenia articulata ornata ;

spira conoidea; anfr. 5 vie convexiusculis, ultimo acute carinato,

basi convexiore ; columella brevi, in spinam subacutam desinente,

callum emittente vitreum, circumscriptum ; apertura diagonali,

subtriangulari; perist. breviter expanso, margine basali substricto,

reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 12, min. 104, alt. 8 mill.

Hab. Wanderer Bay, Guadaleanar, Salomon’s Islands (Mr. Mac-

gillivray).

July 10, 1855.

John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Mr. Westwood exhibited several new and remarkable species of

beetles belonging to the families Cicindelide and Carabide. The

species of the former family belonged to the genera Collyris and

Tricondyla, peculiar to the islands of the Eastern Ocean, and had

been collected by the late Colonel Champion and by Dr. Templeton

in Ceylon. The species of Carabide were remarkable for having

the antenne particoloured, several of the joints being white. They

were collected in Ceylon by Mr. Thwaites, in India by General Hear-

sey, in Brazil by Mr. Bates, and formed several new and distinct

genera.

The following paper was read :-—

Descriptions or Two New GENERA AND SEVERAL New Species

or Mouuusca, FROM THE COLLECTION or HuGH CumInNG, Esq.

By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., &e.

Genus Crea, H. and A. Adams.

The shell on which this genus is founded resembles a fluviatile

Buccinum, and is from the river in Sarawak Borneo. The notch at

the fore part of the aperture differs from that of Melanopsis, and the

form and abruptly truncate columella separates it from Hemisimis of

Swainson. The only species at present known is that described

below, distinct varieties of which have lately been received from

Malacca.

Type. Crea nigricans, A. Adams.

Testa bucciniformis, ovata, epidermide corneo nigro-fusco induta, spira

aperturam equante, apice decollato ; anfractibus convexiusculis trans-

versim striatis ; apertura ovato-oblonga, antice valde emarginata ; co-

lumella abrupte truncata, plica unica, spirali, antica, obliqua instructa;

labro simplici margine subreflexo et intus subincrassato.

Shell bucciniform, ovate, covered with a brown-black horny epi-

dermis; spire as long as the aperture, apex decollated, eroded ;

120

whorls rather convex, transversely striated. Aperture oblong-ovate,

with a distinct notch in front; columella abruptly truncate, with a

single oblique spiral fold anteriorly; outer lip simple, the margin

somewhat reflexed and thickened internally.

Genus Erinna, H. and A. Adams.

Shell semiglobose, thin, horny, olivaceous, longitudinally finely

striated ; spire very short, obtuse, apex rather eroded, last whorl

ventricose, aperture large semiovate ; inner lip posteriorly ascending

on the body-whorl ; columella straight excavated and with a curved

elevated ridge outside the excavation, continued in front into the

outer lip, which is thin and simple.

Type. Erinna Newcomsi, H. and A. Adams.

E. testa olivacea tenui longitudinaliter oblique striata, spira brevis-

sima, obtusa, apice erosula, anfractu ultimo ventricoso ; apertura

semiovata ; columella recta excavata, labro tenui.

Hab. Heneta River, Kami, Sandwich Islands. (Dr. Newcomb.)

This shell by some would be referred to Neritina, by others to

Iimnea, and possibly by a few to the genus Ofina; it appears,

however, to be distinct in character from all these.

The nineteen other New Species which I shall proceed to describe

are referable to established Genera, and may be characterized as

follows :—

1. Carron Maceiuuivrayi, A. Adams.

C. testa oblongo-ovali, elevatiuscula nigra areis centralibus fasciis

duabus pallidis longitudinaliter picta; valvis obtusis (sub lente)

minutissime granulatis, liris concentricis undulatis rugoso-granatis

ornatis, valva terminali antice umbonata, umbonibus sublevibus

via productis ; ligamento spinis calcareis nigris curvatis obtusius-

culis obsito.

Hab. Fejee Islands, on the reefs. (J. Macgillivray.)

This is a well-marked and handsome species, rather more than two

inches in length; the surface of the valves is finely granulated and

ornamented, besides, with subgranulated, wavy, concentric, elevated

lines; the central areas have a pale greenish band on each side of the

umbo.

2. Murex pitectus, A. Adams.

M. testa ovato-fusiformi trivaricosa, carneola, rufescenti sparsim

variegata, spira brevi, acuminata, anfractibus septem, varicibus

foliaceo-fimbriatis ac laciniatis, interstitiis plicato-nodosis, trans-

versim liratis liris rufo articulatis; apertura ovali, canali vir

clauso, valde recurvato, labro margine crenato.

Hab. -—-? (Mus. Cuming.)

121

3. Murex (Preronotvs) specrosus, A. Adams.

M. testa ovato-fusiformi albida pallide rufo tincta; spira acuta,

anfractibus septem, porcis transversis distantibus instructis, vari-

cibus tribus foliatis, plicatis sublaciniatis postice in spina dilatata

productis ; interstitiis postice nodatis; apertura ovali integra ;

canali recto, clauso.

Hab. 2

This is a very elegant species of Murex, which seems to be some-

what allied to the M. alabaster of Reeve, and is one of that section

of the genus with foliated winged varices and a closed canal.

4. Breua arctica, A. Adams.

B. testa ovato-fusiformi sordide alba epidermide fusco tenui induta,

spira aperturam equante, anfractibus 5, erosis longitudinaliter

plicatis postice noduloso-angulatis, transversim obscure sulcatis,

anfractu ullimo ventricoso postice carina crenata ornato ; aper-

tura ovali, labio expanso canali brevi lato aperto; labro tenut,

postice sinu obsoleto instructo.

Hab Arctic Seas.

This is an example of Bela of rather larger form than most of the

other species. The genus appears to consist of small Muriciform

shells, concentrated chiefly in northern regions.

5. Conus TrariLuim, A. Adams.

C. testa parva turbinato-conica, spira elata, apice obtuso, anfracti-

bus convezis, ultimo transversim sulcato, albida fasciis duabus latis

cinereo tessellatis et puactis cinerascentibus ornata; anfractu ul-

timo postice rotundato; apertura angusta, lineari, labro simplice

acuto.

Hab. Malacca. (Dr. Traill.)

This is a small and very peculiar species of Conus, unlike in ap-

pearance to any other example of the genus. The spire is elevated

and obtuse, and the whorls are convex ; the last whorl is rounded at

the shoulder and is transversely grooved throughout, and the shell is

ornamented with two broad bands tessellated with ashy.

6. Conus sevectus, A. Adams.

C. testa turbinato-pyriformi, spira elata acuminata, anfractibus

acute angulatis et fasciis rufis ornatis, anfractu ultimo acutim an-

gulato ad peripheriam, antice transversim sulcato et angustato ;

luteola maculis rufo-fuscis, in lineis transversis dispositis, et fascia

albida antica, ornata ; apertura angusta antice effusa, labro valde

postice inciso.

Hab. Malacca. (Dr. Traill.)

7. Rurzocuiius (CoRALLIOPHILA) CALIFORNICA, A. Adams.

R. testa ovata, alba, rimata spira acuminata, anfractibus convevis,

longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatis, transversim liratis, liris irregu-

No. CCXCII.—ProcrEpDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

122

laribus ; apertura ovali, columella reflexa, subexplanata, canali

brevi subrecurvo, labro acuto margine irregulari.

Hab. Gulf of California.

8. SrytireR ExARATUS, A. Adams.

S. testa subulato-turrita alba nitida semipellucida, anfractibus per-

multis convexiusculis transversim sulcatis longitudinaliter creber-

rime striatis, suturis impressis ; apice mucronato ; apertura ovata

ad basim subeffusa; labro sinuoso, margine incrassato et sub-

reflexo.

Hab. Parasitic in the skins of Starfishes. Philippine Islands.

(Mr. Cuming.)

In this species of Starfish Parasite the whorls of the large turreted

wax-like shell are distinctly marked with transverse grooves, and

the outer lip is thickened at the edge and a little reflexed.

9. STYLIFER SUBANGULATUS, A. Adams.

S. testa subulato-turrita alba nitida semipellucida, apice mucronato

flexuoso, anfractibus permultis convexiusculis, lineis elevatis trans-

versis cinctis, ultimo ad peripheriam subangulato ; apertura obpy-

riformi, labro tenui sinuoso in medio producto.

Hab. West Indies.

Perhaps the nearest approach in form to this Stylifer is 8. coral-

linus of Chemnitz, which was also obtained from the West Indies ;

but as there is an example in Mr. Cuming’s Collection agreeing

almost exactly with the figure in Chemnitz, and yet of a different

species, I have named the present one S. subangulatus from the an-

gular character of the last whorl.

10. ADMETE BOREALIS, A. Adams.

A, testa ovato-oblonga albida epidermide fusco corneo induta, an-

Sractibus sex, convexis, supremis obscure longitudinaliter plicatis,

ultimo ventricoso transversim sulcato sulcis subdistantibus suturis

impressis ; apertura ovali labio tenui expanso, columella arcuata

simplice antice subtruncata, labro margine acuto intus simplice.

Hab. Melville Island.

This appears to be a well-marked species of the northern form of

Cancellariide ; the shell is much larger than Admete viridula, and

the columella is entirely without plaits.

11. Macrocuisma sinensis, A. Adams.

M. testa elongato-ovali compressa, antice rotundata et angustiori

postice sinuata et latiori, ad extremitates elevatis, lineis elevatis

radiantibus et concentricis decussatim ornata, albida fasciis car-

neis et punctis fuscis radiatim picta; foramine postico lanceolato

elongato.

Hab. China Seas.

12. MArRGINELLA GemMMA, A. Adams.

M. testa ovato-fusiformi, spira producta, acuminata, alba, fasciis

duabus latis transversis, maculis viridescentibus tessellatis et lineis

123

articulatis picta; apertura angusta, antice dilatata, columella

quadriplicata, antice macula rosea ornata, labro marginato, intus

crenato, extus transversim viridi-lineato.

Hab. ? (Mus. Cuming.)

A remarkably pretty species, allied to M. festiva.

13. Mesaura piicata, A. Adams.

M. testa subulato-turrita, rufo-fusca, anfractibus 12 convexiusculis,

longitudinaliter plicatis, transversim sulcatis, anfractu ultimo an-

tice subangulato ; apertura subquadrato-ovali, antice vie producta

ac reflera, labro flexuoso, margine subincrassato.

Hab. Teneriffe. (Mr. MacAndrew.) (Mus. Cuming.)

A red-brown Melania-like species, with the whorls regularly

plicate.

14. CyLLENE unImMAcuLATA, A. Adams.

C. testa ovata alba macula rufescenti dorso ornata, spira acuminata,

anfractibus planiusculis postice excavatis, transversim sulcatis

longitudinaliter valde plicatis, plicis postice acute angulatis ;

apertura ovali, columella antice oblique sulcata, labro intus valde

lirato, extus incrassato.

Hab. China Seas. (Mus. Cuming.)

15. CANCELLARIA CLATHRATA, A. Adams.

C. testa oblongo-ovali anguste umbilicata, albida fasciis duabus pal-

lide rufescentibus ornata, anfractibus septem postice vix angulatis

regulariter clathratis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella recta tu-

berculato-granosa, triplicata, plica postica valida, plica media uni-

sulcata, plica antica bisulcata, labro intus valde lirato.

Hab. China Seas. (Mus. Cuming.)

This species is most nearly allied to C. indentata, Sow.

16. CANCELLARIA NiTIDA, A. Adams.

C. testa acuminato-ovali imperforata, alba, nitida spira acuta suturis

valde impressis, anfractibus septem planis, longitudinaliter costa-

tis, costis elevatis, compressis distantibus, crenulatis postice alatis,

productis, liris tenuibus transversis regulariter sculptis ; apertura

ovata, columella triplicata.

Hab. Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.)

17. CANCELLARIA TENUIS, A. Adams.

C. testa ovato-ventricosa, tenuicula, sordide carneola, anguste umbi-

licata, spire suturis profunde impressis, anfractibus sex planius-

culis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis tenuibus crenulatis fusco arti-

culatis, liris transversis regulariter sculptis, postice angulatis,

productis, lamellatis ; columella triplicata, labro tenui.

Hab. China Seas. (Mus. Cuming.)

Nearly allied to C. foveolata.

124

18. CANCELLARIA CRENULATA, A. Adams.

C. testa acuminato-ovata, imperforata, sordide alba, anfractibus sex

planulatis, longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis validis subdistantibus,

crenatis, postice angulatis productis, spinosis, transversim liris

elevatis sculptis, columella triplicata.

Hab. China Seas. (Mus. Cuming.)

19. TypHis TRIANGULARIS, A. Adams.

T. testa fusiformi, triangulari, alba, subcancellata, varicibus tribus

pinnatis postice tubulatis, interstitiis transversim liratis in medio

nodosis ; apertura ovali canali mediocri aperto dextrorso sub-

reflexo.

Hab. ? (Mus. Cuming.)

This is a species quite distinct from any Typhis hitherto described,

and resembles in form the Murex tripterus of Born.

2. ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAMMALIA

AND Birps or THE HIMALAYA.

By B. H. Honeson, Esa.*

“The Himalayan mountains extend from the great bend of the

Indus to the great bend of the Brahmapittra, or from Gilgit to

Brahma Kind, between which their length is 1800 miles. Their

mean breadth is about.90 miles; the maximum about 110, and the

minimum 70 miles. The mean breadth of 90 miles may be most

conveniently divided into three equal portions, each of which will

therefore have 30 miles of extent. These transverse climatic divi-

sions must be, of course, more or less arbitrary, and a microscopic

vision would be disposed to increase them considerably beyond three,

with reference to geological, to botanical, or to zoological phzenomena.

But, upon comparing Captain Herbert’s distribution of geological

phzenomena with my own of zoological, and Dr. Hooker’s of botanical,

I am satisfied that three are enough. These regions I have deno-

minated the lower, the middle, and the upper. They extend from

the external margin of the Tarai to the ghat line of the snows. The

lower region may be conveniently divided into—I. The sandstone

range, with its contained Dhans or Maris; II. The Bhaver or

Saul forest; III. The Tarai. The other two regions require no

subdivisions. The following appear to be those demarcations by

height which most fitly indicate the three regions :—

Name. Elevational limits.

Lower region ...... Level of the plains to 4000 feet above the sea.

Central region...... 4000 to 10,000 feet above the sea.

Upper region ..... 10,000 to 16,000+ feet above the sea: highest

peak measured is 28,176.

* Extracted from a memoir by the same author, entitled, ‘On the Physical

Geography of the Himalaya,” and printed in the Journal As. Soc. Bengal for 1849,

by Frederic Moore.

+ This is about the average height of the ghats and of the perpetual snow. It

125

“To begin with Man, the upper region is the exclusive habit of

the Bhétias, who extend along the whole line of the ghats, and

who, with the name, have retained the lingual and physical charac-

teristics of their tramontane brethren. To the central region are

confined—but each in their own province from east to west—the

Mishmis, the Bors and Abors, the Akds, the Daphlas, the Lhopasy

the Lepchas, the Limbis, the Kirantis, the Miurmis, the Néwars,

the Stinwars, the Chépangs, the Gurings, the Magars, the Khas or

Khasias, the Kéhlis, the Garhwélis, the Kakkas, the Bambas, the

Gakars, the Khatirs, the Awans, and the Janjihs. To the lower

region are as exclusively limited the Kécch, the Bédd, the Dhimal,

the Kichak, the Thdrd, the Dénwar, the Sallah, and the Béksar.

Of these races, those of the central region are all of transnivean

origin, like the first named; but they are much altered in speech

and aspect by twelve to fifteen centuries of residence in a cisnivean

climate, and by mixture in some few cases (as Khas or Khasia) with

southern blood ; whilst the races of the lower region are of the

aboriginal Indian or Tamulian stock, and nearly unmixed, though

some of them have adopted the speech and customs of the Hindus*.

The hill Brahmans, Rajptits and Moslems, so common to the west-

ward, so rare to the eastward, are more modern immigrants from the

plains. It is very deserving of special notice, that the people of the

upper region cannot endure the climate of the central one, nor those

of the central region the climate of the lower one; so that the distri-

bution even of the human race in the Himélaya affords a remarkable

verification of our triple transverse division from a quarter the least

likely to afford any such argument. But to proceed to our zoological

enumerations. To the upper region exclusively belong, among the

Ruminants, the Bisons (Poéphagus) and Musks, the Wild Goats

(Ibex, Hemitragus) and Wild Sheep (Pseudois, Ovis) ; among the

Rodents, the Marmots and Pikas (Lagomys) ; among Plantigrades,

the Bears proper (Ursus). In the middle region, true Bovines (Bos)

take the place of the Bisons of the upper region ; Caprine Antelopes

(Nemorhedus, Kemas) replace its Musks and Wild Goats and Sheep ;

common Rats, and Mice, and Hares, and Porcupines, and Hedge-

hogs, its Marmots and Pikas; and Sun Bears (Helarctos) its true

Bears ; whilst the Deer family, unknown to the upper region, is here

represented only+ by the anomalous Stilt-horns (S¢ylocerus). In

the lower region, the Ox family is represented by Bibos and Bu-

balus (splendid wild types); the Deer family, here abundant, by

Rusas, Stags, Axises, and Stilt-horns to boot; the Antelopes by

Tetracerus, or the four-horned kind; the Rodents, by the Bambi

is also nearly the limit of possible investigation, and of the existence of organic

phenomena.

* For these tribes see Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for December 1847, and April and

June 1848, and May 1849.

t I am fully aware that Rusas (Samber) are found in the western hills, but a

careful consideration of the facts in that part of the Himalaya, with due advert-

ence to the known habits of the group, satisfies me that these Deer have been

driven into the western hills by the clearance of the Tarai and Bhaver.

126

Rats (Rhizomys) and Spmy Hares (Caprolagus) ; and the Bear

family by the Honey Bears (Melursus) ; add to all which, that to

this region are exclusively confined all the large Pachyderms, such

as the Elephant and Rhinoceros; and the Monkeys also (Semno-

pithecus et Macacus), though not so exclusively in their case. The

#arnivora, again, are represented in the upper region by Ounces, by

Foxes of a large sort (VY. montanus), by the Weasels proper, and by

the diluri or Cat Lories; in the middle region, by the Wild Dogs

(Cuon), the Marten Weasels, Leopards, Thick-tailed Leopards

(F. Macrosceloides, Hodgs.), Wild Cats (F. Murmensis, Pardo-

chrous Ogilbit}, Libyan Lynxes (Libycus), Zibets, Screw-tails

(Paradoxurus), and Prionodons ; and in the lower region by Tigers,

Leopards, Hyzenas, Wolves, Jackals*, insectivorous Foxes (Kokri),

Bear-badgers (Ursitarus), Urvas, Mangooses, Helictes or Oriental

Gluttons, small Civets (Viverrula), hirsute Screw-tails, and sharp-

faced Cats (Celidogaster). Zibets recur in this region but rarely,

and one small species of Mangoose is found in special spots of the

central region. The Otters in the upper region are represented by

the small golden and brown species (L. aurobrunnea) ; in the central,

by L. monticola and indigitata; in the lower, by the large Chinese

species L. Sinensis. Among the Squirrels, the great thick-tailed

and purple species (S. macruroides et purpureus) belong solely to

the lower region; the small Lokries (8. Lokria et Lokroides) to the

central, and the Siberian to the upper; whilst Flymg Squirrels, a

numerous group, are confined to the central region, so far as appears.

In the Bat group, the Frugivorous species, or Pteropines, all are

limited to the lower region, whilst the Horse-shoes (Rhinolophine)

specially affect the central region.

“From the class of Birds we may select as characteristic of the

three regions the following :—

“The True Pheasants (Phasianus), the Tetraogalli, the Sanguine

Pheasants (Ithaginis), the Horned and the Crested Pheasants (Ceri-

ornis, Lophophorus) of the upper region, are replaced by Fow] Phea-

sants (Gallophasis)+ in the mid-region, and by Fowls proper (Gallus)

in the lower. In like manner, among the Partridges (Perdicine),

the Grouse Partridges (Tetraoperdiz) belong exclusively to the upper

region ; the Chukérs (Caccabis) and the Tree Partridges (Arboricola)

to the central; and the Francolines (Francolinus) to the lower,

though the black species of this last form are also found in the mid-

region. In the Pigeon group, the Blanched Pigeons (C. leuconota)

belong solely to the upper region ; the Vinous Pigeons (C. Hodgsont)

* Jackals have made their way (like crows) to the most populous spots of the

central region, but they are not proper to the region, nor Indian Foxes, though

some of the latter turned out by me in 1827 in the great valley of Nepal, have

multiplied and settled their race there. Ew his disce alia.

+ The influence of longitude on geographic distribution might be singularly

illustrated, did space permit, from numerous Himalayan groups, Galline and

others: thus, for example, a black-breasted Ceriornis is never seen east of the

Kali, nor a red-breasted one west of it. So of the black and white crested Gal-

lophases; whilst a black-backed one is never seen west of the Aran, nor a white

back east of it.

127

to the central, and the Green, the Golden, and the Banded (Treron,

Chaleophaps, Macropygia), as entirely to the lower; the Trerons

alone partially entering the central tract from the lower.

“The splendid Edolian Shrikes (Chibia, Chaptia, Edolius) belong

exclusively to the lower region. They are replaced in the central

tract by plain Dicrurines, and in the upper by plainer Lanians. The

Cotton Birds (Campephaga) of the south are replaced by gaudy

Ampelines (Cochoa) and Leiothricinians (Leiothriz, Pteruthius,

Cutia) in the middle region: but both groups seem excluded from

the north. Among the Fly-catchers the gaudy or remarkable

species and forms belong wholly or chiefly to the lower region, as

Tchitrea, Rhipidura, Cryptolopha, Myiagra, Hemichelidon, Chelid-

orynx ; whilst those which approach the Warblers (Niltava, Siphia,

Digenea) belong to the mid-region ; and the plainer and more Euro-

pean types are alone found in the northern.

“Among the Fissirostres, Goat-suckers and Swallows are pretty

generally distributed ; but Rollers, Bee-eaters, Eurylaimi, Trogons,

and all such gaudy types, belong to the south, with only occasional

alpine representatives, as Bucia is of Merops. The Tenuirostral

birds belony distinctively to the lower region. Yet they have repre-

sentatives or summer visitants in all three, even among the Sun-

birds. Upon the whole, however, it may be safely said that the

Sun-birds (Nectarinia) belong to the south; the Honey-suckers

(Meliphagide) to the centre and south; and the Creepers, Nut-

hatches and Wrens*, to the north and centre. The Sylvians or

Warblers are too ubiquitarian, or too migratory for our present pur-

pose, even Boreal types being common in the lower in the cold

weather. Horn-bills, Barbets, Parroquets (Paleornis, Psittacula)

belong to the lower region, though they have a few representatives

in the central; none in the upper. Woodpeckers abound in the

lower and central regions, but are rare in the upper. True Cuckoos

(Cuculus) are as common and numerous in the central region as Walk-

ing Cuckoos (Pheenicophaus, Centropus), &c. are in the southern,

where also the Golden (Chrysococcyx) and Dicrurine Cuckoos (Pseud-

ornis) have their sole abode, whilst what few of the group belong to the

upper region, are all allied to the European type. The Ravens, Pies,

Choughs, Nut-crackers and Conostomes of the upper region are re-

placed in the central region by Tree Pies (Cissa, Dendrocitta), Jays,

Rocket-birds (Psilorhinus), Pie Thrushes (Garrulaz), Timalias, and

Hoopoe Thrushes (Pomatorhinus) ; and in the lower region, by the

common Indian Crows (C. culminatus et splendens), Gracklest}, Stares,

Vagabond Pies and Dirt-birds (Malacocercus). 'Thrushes proper

* I have in this paper followed, without entirely approving, Mr. G. R. Gray’s

classification of my collections in the printed Catalogue of the British Museum.

The geographic distribution is now attempted for the first time. But I will recur

to the subject in a separate paper devoted to it.

+ When Darjeeling was established there was not a Crow or Pastor to be seen.

Now there are a few Crows, but no Pastors. Enormously abundant as both are in

the lower region, this sufficiently proves that they are not native to the central

tract, though common in the great valley of Nepal.

128

with Rock Thrushes, Ousels, Myophones, Zootheres, Tesias and

Hypsipetes are as abundant in the central and upper region as

Bulbuls, Orioles, Pittas, are in the central and lower.

«In the Finch family, the Haw-finches, Bull-finches, Gold-finches,

and Cross-bills (Lowia) are as strictly confined to the upper regions

as are the corvine Conostomes, Nut-crackers, Choughs and Ravens.

The former are replaced in the central region by the Buntings,

Wood-finches (Montifringilla), and Siskins; and in the lower

region by the Weavers and Minias. The Raptorial birds are, in

general, too cosmopolitan to subserve the purposes of geographic

distribution. Still it may be remarked that the True Eagles belong,

quoad breeding at least, to the upper region; the Crested Eagles

(Cireaétus), the Neopuses and Hawk Eagles (Spizaétus) to the

central; and the Pernes (Haliaétus et Pandion) and Haliasturs to

the lower. Among the Vultures the distinction is more marked:

for the Eagle Vultures (Gypaétus) belong exclusively to the upper

region; the large European Vultures (fulvus et cinereus) to the

central; and the Neophrons and the small Indian Vultures (Ben-

galensis et tenuirostris) to the lower. The Himalaya abounds in

Falconide, all the occidental types and species being found there,

and many more peculiar and oriental ones; and it deserves special

remark, that whereas the former (Imperialis, Chrysaétos, Lanarius,

Perrgrinus, Palumbarius, Nisus, &c.) affect the upper and central

regions, the oriental types (Hypotriorchis, Haliastur, Hieraz,

Hyptiopus, Elanus, Poliornis) are quite confined to the lower

region.

e: Those perfect cosmopolitans the Waders and Swimmers, migrate

regularly in April and October, between the plains of India and Tibet,

and, in general, may be said to be wanting in the mountains, though

most abundant in the Tarai. The great Herons (nobilis et cinereus)

the great Storks (nigra et purpurea) and great Cranes (the Cyrus

and Damoiselle) of the Tarai are never seen in the mountains, where

the Egrets alone represent the first group. But the soft-billed

smaller Waders (Scolopacide) are sufficiently common in the moun-

tains, in which the Woodcock abounds, breeding in the upper region

and frequenting the central, and rarely the lower region, from

October till April. Geese, Ducks and Teals swarm in the Tarai,

where every occidental type (so to speak, for they are ubiquitous)

may be seen from October till April; and many oriental non-migra-

tory types; whereas in the mountains the Mergansers (orientalis)

and the Cormorants (sinensis et pygmaeus) only are found, and that

very scantily, with a few Rails and Gallinules and Sandpipers from

the vast host of the Waders.”

129

3. ON NATIVE IMPRESSIONS REGARDING THE NATURAL History

OF CERTAIN [INDIAN] ANIMALS.

By H. Torrens, Esa., B.A., V.P. As. Soc. BencaL*.

The singular impressions current among natives even of the

highest rank, as to the habits and nature of certain animals, are not

undeserving of record. It is rarely that the credence of the nar-

rators in these things can be elicited, if even they go so far as to

mention the existence of the belief; for they dread the ridicule as

much as they anticipate the incredulity of a European: consequently

these strange stories are but imperfectly known, even to the best

informed among us in such legends. I mention one or two, with the

circumstances of my acquaintance with them.

While out tiger-shooting with a party of Musulman gentlemen, I

was asked, in a confidential way, whether I had ever seen the

Phnew: I spell the word with the almost undescribable nasal aspi-

rate with which it was invariably pronounced to me. With an air

of grave and serious interest, which is the best way of inspiring

confidence, I replied, that the nature of the thing or being was

unknown to me, and I requested information on the subject. On

this there was a little hesitation, when, after a time, it was explained,

that as I had seen more of Tigers than my companions, they fancied

I might have also seen or heard something of the animal that always

preceded the Tiger, called Phnew, from the ceaseless iteration of a

sound similar to its name. I required further enlightenment as to

this creature, when I found it was a “‘something that preceded the

Tiger by six cubits, wherever he went, making the noise ‘phnew’

without end, looking for things for it.” The old tales of “ the

Inon and his provider’ recurred to me at once, and I bethought me

of the hospitality of some cat-like sound of Felis Tigris having led,

during his nightly search for prey, to the creation of the story. I

have done all I could, but in vain, to discover whether there were

real grounds for the belief, based on such a habit of the animal. I

killed several Tigers in company with my friends afterwards, but

though we found no Phnew with any of them, the silent faith of my

believers in the marvellous has remained unshaken as to the existence

of the mysterious animal. I subsequently learned that there is in

Bengal a like belief respecting it among the Hindus, who term the

creature Ghégt.

There are few Englishmen in India who have not perhaps heard

some of the strange tales related by the natives regarding Serpents.

The most remarkable to me has always been the belief in the Raj

Samp, or King-snake, who is represented as belonging to a superior

order of Serpent, as exacting homage and obedience from his ophite

subjects, and sometimes, as appearing with the semblance of a crown,

the type of his authority. I was one day in company with a number

* Extracted from the Journal As. Soc. Bengal for 1849. By Frederic Moore.

+ According to Babu Rajendralal Mittra, the Hindus distinguish the Ghég as a

different animal from the P’heu.—Edw. Blyth, Esq.

130

of native gentlemen, when the conversation turned upen the nature of

antidotes in the case of Snake-bites, the belief as to the cure effected by

applying to the wound the head of the identical reptile that had in-

flicted it, the charms powerful to compel the Snake to appear, —as to

all which matters I have never been able to obtain, amid many tales,

any relator daring enough to declare himself an eye-witness of the

marvels he recounted. At last, mention being made of the King-

snake, a party present said—‘ At any rate I can assure you of the

existence of him, for it is well known that I have seen,” and the story, to

the following effect, was then told. The narrator, being at that time,

he said, about fourteen years old, had run hastily to the terraced roof

of a ground-floor house to recover his kite, when his attention was

attracted by a large Goomna (Cobra capello) which, without perceiving

him, raised itself with dilated hood in the erect attitude common with

those Snakes, and uttered aloud cry. Immediately some ten or twelve

Snakes appeared from different quarters, and assembled before their

king, when, after a short time, he pounced upon and devoured one of

the smaller ones, with which arbitrary assertion of regal power the con-

vocation terminated. Now the narrator of this tale had no interest

in attempting to mislead me ; he had mentioned what he stated again

and again to the majority of persons present for years before I ever saw

him, and he is naturally of intelligence, and in no sort the man to tell a

useless falsehood. It is, I was then informed, by these sort of assem-

blages that the King-snake asserts his power, and that his subjects

are called to them for the purpose of bringing tribute, in the shape of

dainties for the royal palate; should, however, no tributary Frog

or Cat, or bird be forthcoming, or should even the offering produced

be insufficient, one of the luckless ophids pays in person the penalty

of the omission, even as had been witnessed by my informant. I

ventured with respect to his story to object, in as delicate a way as

I could, to the incident of the cry uttered by the King-snake, but

in this I was immediately over-ridden. The cry of the large Goomna

was well known in the ruinous city where we were, and in which

they abound, and it was described to me as a strident sound, the

attempted imitation of which resembled the acute staccato note of

a treble hautboy. I heard this sound myself subsequently during a

sleepless night, emitted by a large Snake which killed a Rat in my

bed-room : as it was pitch dark, I was unable to rise and destroy the

intruder, but the sound was too peculiar not to have been that of the

ophid, according as it did with the description given me, and being

unlike anything I ever heard before, as also contrasting distinctly

and remarkably with the cries of its victim. I have noted down

these trivial, but not incurious matters, as an inducement to the

record of more valuable facts as to the opinions held by natives upon

the habits of animals, whence perhaps some really useful information

may be elicited.

Note by Mr. Buiytu.

The Snake which I have had invariably pointed out to me as the

Raj Samp by natives of Bengal, is Bungarus annularis, which

131

habitually preys upon other Snakes, and is currently said to be a

deadly enemy of the Cobra. I have taken a Tropidonatus umbratus

about two-thirds the length of its devourer from the stomach of this

species. Another ophiophagous species with the Cobra hood is

Hamadryas hannah of Cantor, or Maia vettata of Elliot, a spe-

cimen of which, 9 feet long, I obtained in the Midnapore jungle.

Mr. Layard some time ago informed me of a popular notion

among the natives of Ceylon respecting a “horn’’ which is said

to grow sometimes, but very rarely, on the forehead of the Jackal ;

and this horn is regarded by them as a specific of innumerable

virtues. Strange to say, the same notion is equally current among

the natives of Bengal, who believe that it ensures the prosperity of

its possessor, and success in every undertaking.

July 24, 1855.

Professor Tennant, F.G.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. On THE Brrps RECEIVED IN COLLECTIONS FROM SANTA FE

pi Bocota. By Purr Luriey Scuater, M.A., F.Z.8.

(Aves, Pl. CHI. CIV.)

The collections of South American bird skins in the hands of

European dealers are mostly imported from Rio and Bahia in Brazil

and from Cayenne, occasionally also from Para and the island of

Trinidad. About sixteen or seventeen years ago birds were first

received in Paris from a French collector resident in Sante Fé di

Bogota, the capital of the republic of New Granada, and since that

time, the natives having been taught the method of preparing skins,

large collections have been constantly imported both into England

and France from the same quarter.

The species contained in these collections were, when first brought,

for the most part new to science, and were described as such by

M.M. De Lafresnaye, Boissoneau, Des Murs and Bourcier in

Guérin’s ‘Revue Zoologique’ and ‘ Magasin de Zoologie’ in France,

and some also in England by Mr. Fraser, in these Proceedings*.

It is to the first-named of these gentlemen however, the Baron de

Lafresnaye, of Lafresnaye, near Falaise, that we owe by far the

largest part of the knowledge of New Grenadian ornithology we

possess, upwards of seventy new species from that country being

characterized in the numerous papers he has written upon that sub-

ject in the ‘ Revue Zoologique.’

At the meeting of Italian savants held at Milan in 1844, Prince

Charles Lucien Bonaparte read a catalogue of a collection of birds

received from Bogota by the Marchese Orazio Antinori, containing

* See P. Z. S. 1840, pp. 14, 22 and 59.

132

thirty-eight species*. This, I believe, is the only attempt that has

been yet made to throw light upon the peculiar ornithology of that

country, otherwise than by describing such species as were unpro-

vided with names.

I have from time te time had the pleasure of bringing before this

Society Bogota birds which seemed to have escaped the notice of

previous writers on the subject, and have characterized a few others

in the ‘Annals of Natural History’ and the ‘ Revue et Magasin de

Zoologie.’ Most of my materials have been derived from a fine

series of birds from that locality possessed by the British Museum

(which Mr. George Gray’s kindness has afforded me every oppor-

tunity of investigating), or from the collections received by the

Jardin des Plantes at Paris, in examining which I have met with

great courtesy from the directors of that establishment. I have

always noted down the species I have thus observed, whether new

or previously known, from Bogota, and by adding to them the birds

described by the several authors before mentioned as coming direct

from that country, and others, of which I have specimens in my

own collection, have formed a list of 435 species belonging to this

peculiar Fauna. I have myself examined in one place or another

examples of nearly the whole of these 435 species, and have the

greatest confidence that I am not in error in including any of them

in my list. Where I rely upon another writer for the locality, I have

invariably given a reference to my authority.

This list, though large, is, I must own, very incomplete, nearly the

whole being made up of Passeres and Scansores. I know as yet

very little of the Accipitres, or the Galline, Gralle and Anseres of

this fauna, or, indeed, of many individual families of the two first-

mentioned orders. Were the catalogue perfect or nearly so, the

number contained would be much greater, amounting, I should say,

to upwards of 700 at least. My object in promulgating it thus crude

is to start a foundation upon which a more perfect work may be

established.

Bogota skins are easily recognized by persons who have had any

experience in such matters from their peculiar preparation, the

wings and tail being squeezed up into the body and the whole skin

pressed together in a manner which gives them a very different

appearance from birds brought from any other country. I believe

that they are collected by the native Indian hunters in the forests of

the New Grenadian Andes, and brought in to the capital to be

disposed of to the persons who transmit them to Europe. It is

stated (and I think Mr. Mark, our Vice-Consul at Bogota, is my au-

thority on this point) that the birds arein no case brought from any

very great distance in the surrounding country, perhaps never from

farther than a circuit of 100 miles around the city. If this is really

the case, or even if they are brought from double or treble that

distance, the number of different species occurring within so limited

a range would appear truly marvellous. No doubt this may be

* See Atti della sesta Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Milano, p. 404.

133

partly accounted for by the great variety of the elevations at which

they are procured; the species belonging to one elevation in these

countries being totally distinct from those of another.

The city of Bogota itself is situated at a height of more than 8900

feet above the sea-level, on a plateau on the western face of the

eastern chain of the Andes of New Grenada, and it is not likely

therefore that any great number of the birds brought to Europe as

Bogota skins are obtained in its immediate neighbourhood. The

animals that inhabit those higher ranges are doubtless quite different

from those of the regions beneath, and it is probably in the hot

tropical valleys of the Upper Magdalena and its affluents that the

largest proportion of what are commonly called ‘ Bogota’ birds are

found.

Nevertheless, as Schomburgk only mentions 420 species of birds

in his Zoology of Guiana, Prince Maximilian only 362 as found in

South-east Brazil, Tschudi only 460 as occurring in Peru, and Azara

448 species in the fauna of Paraguay, it is somewhat remarkable that

from so limited a district a list in many respects so deficient should

coutain as many as 435 species, and it would seem without doubt to

indicate that this region is extraordinarily rich in ornithic life.

The ornithology of this country, taken as a whole, may be pro-

nounced quite distinct from that of Guiana or Brazil. Of course there

are some species common to all parts of the South American conti-

nent ; but looking at the Passeres included in this list, a very large

proportion of them are as yet only known to occur in collections

from this spot. A good many New Grenadian species, however, are

likewise found on the upper branches of the Amazon, in Ecuador,

and East Peru, and some are identical with those met with by

D’Orbigny in Bolivia. It is in this direction (as M. de Lafresnaye

has pointed out*) that the zoological province to which this part

of New Grenada belongs seems rather to extend itself. A few

Mexican and Central American forms are likewise present, as might

be expected, and among these may be noticed as many as ten+ or

twelve species that are well-known inhabitants of the United States.

Until we are better acquainted with the whole subject, it is hazardous

to draw conclusions as to the comparative abundance or absence of

particular families or genera in New Grenadian ornithology. It may

be safely said, however, that the Tanagers and Humming-birds are

nowhere more numerous. Of the former, no less than eighty-six

out of a whole of 230 or thereabouts, occur in collections from these

parts, and my list, though incomplete, contains the names of forty-

nine species of Humming-birds.

* Rey. Zool. 1845, p. 111.

+ Namely—

Mniotiila varia. Setophaga ruticilla.

Helmitheros chrysopterus. Hedymeles ludovicianus.

Rhimamphus estivus. Pyranga estiva.

“; striatus. » rubra.

5 blackburnie. Vireosylvia olivacea ?

Myiodioctes canadensis. ) virescens ?

134

Mr. Gould has kindly assisted me by looking through the Trogons,

Humming-birds, Toucans, and Odontophores contained in_ this

catalogue.

VULTURIDZ.

1. SarcorHAMPHUS PAPA (Linn.).

Mr. Gould has recently examined a specimen of this bird, procured

near Bogota. The MM. Verreaux have received it from Santa

Martha.

FaLconip&.

2. Sprzaitus TyRANNuS (P. Max.); Temm. Pl. Col. 73. (Mus.

Brit.) List of Spec. i. p. 15.

3. Sprzaitus 1stporr1 (Des Murs). Falco isidori, Des Murs,

Rev. Zool. 1845, p.177; Icon. Orn. pl. 1. (Mus. Paris.)

4. HERPETOTHERES CACHINNANS (L.).

In Mr. 8. Stevens’ Bogota Collection. Santa Martha (Verreaux).

5. GERANOAETUS MELANOLEUCUS (Vieill.). Falco aguia, Temm.

Pl. Col. 302. M. Lewy’s Bogota Collection in the Paris Museum.

6. Burro scororrerRvus (P. Max.) (Mus. Brit.) List of Spec.

i. p. 38.

7. IcrINIA PLUMBEA (Gm.).

In the Bremen Museum from Bogota; M. Verreaux’s collection

from Santa Martha.

8. HyporriorcHis RUFIGULARIS (Daud.); Pl. Col. 348.

I have examined a Bogota specimen of this species. The MM.

Verreaux have received it from Santa Martha.

9. AccIPITER ERYTHROCNEMIUS, G. R. Gray; Kaup, Cont.Orn.

1850, p. 64.

A British Museum specimen from Mr. S. Stevens’ Bogota collec-

tion seems to belong to this species.

STRIGIDE.

10. PHAL&{NopsiIs MINuTIssIma (P. Max.) ; Bp. Consp. p. 38.

11. PHaLtaznopsis * ——?

12. Scops cuouipa (Vieill.). Strix erucigera, Spix, Av. Bras. i.

pl. 9.—(Mus. Paris et P. L.S.)

13. Scors portoricensis, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p- 107; Des Murs,

Icon. Orn. pl. 26.

A specimen in the Paris Museum so labelled, from Bogota (Rieffer,

1843), appears distinct from, although closely allied to, the preceding.

The two names are quoted by Mr. Cassin as synonymous.

* Since named Phalenopsis jardinii, Bp., Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Paris, 1855,

Oct. 22nd.

135

14, SYRNIUM ALBIGULARE, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Se. Philad. iv. p.124

(1848); Journ. Ac, Philad. iv. p. 52. pl. 4. Syrniuwm macabrum,

Bp. Consp. p. 53. Ephialtes albopunctata, G. R. Gray. Syrnium

ae, Kaup, Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 120. (Mus. Paris. et

15. SyRNIUM HYLOPHILUM (Temm.) PI. Col. 373.

16. SyRNIUM vIRGATUM, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Sc. Philad. iv. p. 124

(1848).

Specimens of these two last birds from Bogota are included in Mr.

Cassin’s catalogue of the Strigide contained in the Museum of the

Philadelphian Academy.

CAPRIMULGID&.

17. STEATORNIS CARIPENSIS, Humb.

One of the localities assigned to this curious bird is under the

celebrated natural bridge of Iconozo, near Bogota *.

18. HypROPSALIS SEGMENTATUS, Cass. Proc. Ac. Sc. Philad.

(1849) iv. p. 238.—Mus. Philad. et Brit.

19. HypropsALis LyRA, Bp. Consp. p.59.—Mus. Philad. et Brit.

20. NycTIDROMUS GRALLARIUS, Bp. Consp. p. 62.—Mus. Philad.

HIRUNDINID2.

21. AcANTHYLIS RUTILA (Vieill.). Hirundo rutila, Vieill. Nouv.

Dict. xiv. p.528. Hirundo robini, Less. Tr.d’Orn. p. 271. Che-

tura brunneitorques, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 81.

The Paris types of this elegant bird, whence Vieillot and Lesson’s

names were derived, are said to be from Trinidad. Lafresnaye’s

and others I have seen were from Bogota.

Momotin.

22. Momorvus BRASILIENSIS, Lath. ?

The ‘ Momotus brasiliensis ex Bogota’ is one of those local varie-

ties (climatischen Abirte, as Dr. Cabanis calls them) which are so

puzzling to ornithologists. In general size and dimensions this bird

agrees with Cayenne and Para examples, but the bill is decidedly

smaller. The under plumage is nearly the same. In the Bogota

bird the black is confined to a smaller space in the middle of the

vertex, the thalassine blue front extending further backwards, and

the occipital blue patch being also rather broader. There is also no

such strongly marked chestnut colour on the nape, but a castaneous

tinge extends over the upper back. I have not yet examined quite

adult Bogota specimens, at least none that I have seen have the spa-

tulation of the medial rectrices complete. Such may perhaps offer

more decided differences.

* Humboldt and Bonpland, Voyage, Atlas, p. 12.

136

23. Momortus semirurFus, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853,

. 489.

- I am much inclined to think that this is the true Prionites martii

of Spix (Av. Bras. i. p. 64. pl. 60), which is generally identified with

Leadbeater’s M. platyrhynchus—a very different form. Certainly

Tschudi’s Prionites martii in the Neufchatel Collection belongs to

this species.

Bucconip&.

24. Bucco rapratus, Sclater; Pr. Z. S. 1853, p. 122. pl. 50;

Syn. of Buce. p. 11.

25. Bucco mAcropacrytus (Spix); Av. Bras. i. p. 51. pl. 39.

fig. 2; Syn. of Buce. p. 14.

26. Maxacopriza Fusca (Gm.) ; Syn. of Buce. p. 15.

27. Mavacoptita susstriata, Sclater, Pr. Z. S. 1853, p. 123.

pl. 51; Syn. of Buce. p. 17.

I have not yet seen a second example of this species, of which the

type is in my own collection.

28. MauacopriLa aspErsa, Sclater, Pr. Z. 8. 1853, p. 123.

In Mr. Gould’s collection from Bogota.

29. Manacoptita mystacauis (Lafr.); Rev. de Zool. 1850,

p- 215. pl.3; Syn. of Buce. p. 18.

30. MaacopTiLa rrontaLis, Sclater, Syn. of Buce. p. 20.

31. Monasa riavrrostris, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1850, p. 47.

pl. 48; Syn. of Buce. p, 21.

32. CHELIDOPTERA TENEBROSA (Pall.); Syn. of Buce. p. 23.

I have lately seen several Bogota examples of this bird, which

seems to be widely distributed in Cisandean South America. They

are smaller, and form in fact a distinct local variety from the Brazilian.

ALCEDINID2.

33. CERYLE AMERICANA (Gm.); Bp. Att. Se. It. vi. p. 403. sp.3.

Seems to range far northwards. In Sitgreave’s Report of the ex-

pedition to explore the Zuni and Colorado rivers (p. 64) it is men-

tioned as occurring abundantly on some of the tributaries of the Rio

Grande.

34. CeryLe aMAzona (Gm.).

I have a female of this species from Bogota.

GALBULID2.

35. GALBULA FUSCICAPILLA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p.13. pl.77.

36. GaLBULA RUFICAUDA, Cuv.; Le Vaill. Ois. de Par. pl. 50.

137

37. GALBALCYRHYNCHUS LEUCcOTIS, Des Murs. R. Z. 1845,

p- 207; Icon. Orn. pl. 17.

TROGONID.

38. Trocon cotxaris, Vieill.; Gould, Mon. pl. 5.

39. TrRoGon PERsoNnaATuS, Gould, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1842) ix.

p. 237.

40. Trogon curvucui (L.). Trogon melanurus, Gould, Mon.

pl. 18.

41. CaLurus auriceps, Gould, Ann. Nat. Hist. ix, p. 238;

Gray’s Gen. pl. 25.

42. Caturus ruxerpus, Gould, Mon. pl. 24.

43. CaLurus antistanus (d’Orb.), Mag. de Zool. 1837, pl. 85.

Trogon pulchellus, Gould, Mon. pl. 22. Trogon antisiensis, d Orb.

Voy. p. 381. pl. 86. fig. 1.

CHREBID.

44, Czrespa cHrutea (L.); Vieill. Ois. Dor. pl. 44.

The Bogota skins which I refer to this species may be distin-

guished from the Cayenne birds by their shorter bill and the black

descending farther down the fore neck. Such slight differences are

in my opinion insufficient for specific separation. This is perhaps

the same as one of the Cerebe indicated as new in the Museum

Heineanum of Dr. Cabanis.

45. CHLOROPHANES ATRICAPILLA (Vieill.); Ois. Dor. pl. 49;

Reich. Handb. d. Sp. Orn. p. 234.

I have examples of this bird from Cayenne, Trinidad, Bogota and

East Peru. The Bogota and Peruvian birds have a stronger bluish

tinge on the back and belly. Mr. Gould has specimens of a very

similar, though possibly distinct species, from Guatimala.

46. Dacnis cayana (L.); Sw. Zool. Ill. pl. 117.

47. Dacnis anGeLica, De Filippi; Pl. Enl. 669. fig. 2.

The blue is brighter than in Cayenne specimens.

48, DacniIs CHREBICOLOR, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1351, p. 106.

49. Dacnis eGreeta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 251.

Mr. Gould has lately obtained an example of this elegant species.

The type I described, and which was the only one I had then seen,

is in the British Museum.

50. Dacnis PULCHERRIMA, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853,

p- 480. 1

I have not yet seen a second specimen of this very pretty bird,

which has received another name from the Vicomte Du Bus—Nemo-

No. CCXCIII.—Procerpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

138

sia torquata (Bull. Ac. Se. Brux. xxii. no. 2. Feb. 1855). But I

maintain my opinion that it is a typical Daenis, though I allow that

it is difficult to separate certain species of that genus from the true

Nemosie.

51. Dacnis LEucoGENys, Lafr., Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852,

p- 470.

The British Museum have lately acquired a skin of this bird,

which I omitted to include in my list of the genus given at p. 252 of

the ‘ Proceedings’ for last year. It forms a tenth species of this

beautiful group, and must be placed next to D. speciosa.

52. CONTROSTRUM ALBIFRONS, Lafr., R. Z. 1842, p. 301, et Mag.

de Zool. 1843, Ois. t. 35 (¢ adultus); C. atrocyaneum, Lafr. R, Z.

1848, p. 9 (¢ juv.), et C. ceruleifrons, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 302 (9).

I cannot but regard these three names as applicable to one species.

The white-headed bird appears to be the adult, and the blue-headed

the young male. I have examples of transition between these two.

The ceruleifrons seems the female. I have also what I consider a

still more immaturely plumaged bird of this species: Olivaceum ;

subtus flavescens ; alis caudaque fuscis.

53. ContRostTRUM siTTICOLoR, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p. 102.

54. ConrrostruM RuFuM, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1842. Dacnis

rufo-cinerea, Bp. Att. Sc. It. vi. p. 404, et Consp. p. 401.

55. CERTHIOLA LUTEOLA, Cab. M. H. p. 97. sp. 533.

Trinidad and Bogota specimens of this species agree with each

other, and with Dr. Cabanis’ description.

56. Dietossa simiuis, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 318.

57. Diciossa arerriMA, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 319.

58. Diciossa personaTa (Fraser.), P. Z.S. 1840, p. 22. (Feb.

25th.) Uncirostrum cyaneum, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p. 102. (April Ist.)

59. DieLossa LAFRESNAYII (Boiss.), R. Z.1840, p.5. <Agrilo-

rhinus bonapartei, Fraser, P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 22.

60. Dictossa HUMERALIS (Fraser), P. Z.S. 1840, p.22; Cab.

M. H. p. 27 (note).

I am rather doubtful whether these two last birds and Cabanis’

intermedia (M. H. p. 27) are all valid species.

61. DigLossa ALBILATERALIS, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 99, et 1846,

p- 316.

62. Diciossa p’orBIGNnt (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 5.

Probably a female. Bogota seems the head-quarters of this pecu-

liar genus. One is found in Central America and South Mexico, one

in the highlands of British Guiana, three in Bolivia, and one (accord-

139

ing to Gay) in Chili. Professor Jameson has transmitted D. per-

sonata from the neighbourhood of Quito.

TROCHILID.

Mr. Gould has been kind enough to revise my list of Trochilide,

of which at least fifty species occur in Bogota collections.

63. Euvroxeres aquita (Lodd.), P. Z. S. 1847, p. 42; Gould,

Mon. Trochil. pt. ii. pl. 5.

64. PuaitrHornis emitix (Bourc. et Muls.), Amn. Sc. Lyons,

1846, p. 317.

65. PaakTuornis Guy (Less.); Gould, Mon. iv. 9.

66. PuaiirHoRNIs ANTHOPHILUS (Bourc.), R. Z. 1843, p. 71;

Gould, Mon. vii. 13.

67. PHATHORNIS STRIIGULARIS, Gould, Mon. viii. 15.

68. PHAETHORNIS GRISEIGULARIS, Gould, Mon. ii. 14.

69. Hypurorriia Burronti (Less.); Gould, Mon. vii. 14.

70. HypuropriLa CHRULEIGASTER, Gould, P. Z.S. 1847, p.96;

Mon. vii. 15.

71. Coxrprti Anais (Less.). Petasophora anais, Gould, Mon. v. 2.

72. Coxtisri cyanotis (Bourc.), R. Z. 1843, p. 101. Petaso-

phora cyanotis, Gould, Mon. v. 4.

73. COLIBRI DELPHIN# (Less.), R. Z. 1839, p.44. Petaso-

phora delphine, Gould, Mon. vi. 8.

74. Scutstes Grorrroyr (Boure. et Muls.), Ann. Sc. Lyons,

1843, p. 37; Gould, Mon. vi. 12.

75. Hetropoxa sacuLa, Gould, P. Z.S8. 1849, p. 96.

76. PrEROPHANES TEMMINCKI (Boiss.), R. Z. 1839, p. 354;

Gould, Mon. i. 7. 7. cyanopterus, Fras. P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 17.

77. DocIMASTES ENSIFERUS (Boiss.), R. Z. 1839, p.354; Gld.

Mon. i. pl.8. 7’. derbianus, Fras. P. Z. S. 1840, p. 16.

78. DortreERA LuDovicr& (Boure. et Muls.), Ann. Se. Lyons.

1847, p. 136; Gould, Mon. vi. 4.

79. DoriFERA JOHANN (Bourc.), P. Z. 8. 1847, p.45; Gould,

Mon. vi. 5.

80. Heriantuea typica, Bp.; Gould, Mon. viii. 5.

8]. HeLiaANTHEA BONAPARTIHI (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 6 ; Gould,

Mon. viii. 6. 7. aureigaster, Lodd. P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 16.

140

82. CaLicENA Typica, Bp.; Gould, Mon. vii. 11.

83. LAFRESNAYA FLAVICAUDATA (Fraser), P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 18.

T. lafresnayi, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p.8.

84. HettaANGELus CLARISS& (Long.), R. Z. 1841, p. 306; Mag.

de Zool. 1842; Ois. t. 26.

85. HeLioTRYPHA PARZUDAKII (Less.), R. Z. 1840, p. 72.

T. exortis, Fraser, P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 18 ?

86. ErR10CNEMIS CUPREIVENTRIS (Fraser), P. Z. S. 1840, p.15;

Gould, Mon. vi. pl. 9.

87. Errocnemis vestiTa (Longuem.), R. Z. 1838, p. 314.

T. uropygialis, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 15.

88. ERIOCNEMIS AURELIZ (B. & M.), Aun. Sc. Lyons. 1846,

p- 315. .

89. ErrocnreMis stmPLEXx, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1849, p. 96 ; Mon. iii.

pl. 8.

90. Ertocnemis ALIN (Bourc.), R. Z. 1842, p. 372.

91. Ertocnemts 1saacsont (Parz.), R. Z. 1845, p. 95.

92. Lespia cyanura (Stephens). 7. cyanurus, Stephens, Gen.

Zool. xiv. p. 239. Cynanthus cyanurus, Gould, Mon. iii. 2. Ornis-

mya kingii, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p.7. Lesbia gorgo, Reich.

93. LesBrA AMARYLLIS (Bourc. et Muls.), R. Z. 1848, p. 273;

Gould, Mon. vii. 1.

94. Lesp1a Gouxtpi (Lodd.), P. Z.S. 1832, p. 7. Ornismya

sylphia, Less. R. Z. 1840, p. 73.

95. RHAMPHOMICRON MICRORHYNCHUM (Boiss.), R. Z. 1839,

p-354. TT. brachyrhynchus, Fraser, P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 16. Gould,

Mon. iv. 4.

96. RHAMPHOMICRON HETEROPOGON (Boiss.), R. Z. 1839,

p- 355. T. coruscus, Fras. P. Z. 8. 1840, p. 15.

97. OxypoGon GUERINI (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 7; Gould, Mon.

i. 12. 1. parvirostris, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 18.

98. METALLURA TYRIANTHINA (Lodd.), P. Z. S. 1832, p. 6.

O. pauline, Boiss. R. Z. 1839. p. 354. T. allardi, Boure. R. Z.

1839, p. 294.

99. ADELOMYIA MELANOGENYs (Fraser), P. Z. S. 1840, p. 18.

T. sabine, Boure. et Muls. Ann. Sc. Lyons, 1846, p. 323.

100. CLiyroL“MA RUBINOIDES(Bourc.et Muls.), Ann. Sc. Lyons,

1846, p. 322.

141

101. Panopuites riavescens (Lodd.), P. Z. 8, 1832, ji Pag a

Gould, Mon. viii. p. 10. O. paradisea, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 6.

102. THaLurania cotomsica (Boure.), R. Z. 1843, p. 2.

103. Cyanomyta FRANcr# (B. et M.), Ann. Sc. Lyons, 1846,

p. 324.

104. Curysuronia @NoNE (Less.), Ois. Mouch. Supp. pl. 30.

105. Saucerorria sopuim (Bourc.), Ann. Se. Lyons, 1846,

p. 318.

106. HyLocuaris PORTMANNI (Bource.), R. Z. 1843, p- 2.

107. SparHuRA uNDERWOODI (Less.) ; Gould, Mon. i. pl. 9.—

Spathura spatuligera, Reich.

108. Gouxp1a poreLarrei (Dubus) ; Gould, Mon. vii. pl. 6.

109. Goutp1a converst (B. & M.), Amn. Se. Lyons, 1846,

p- 314; Gould, Mon. vii. 7.

110. CatorHorax HELIODORI (Bourc.), R. Z. 1840, p, 2/5;

Gould, Mon. ii. 8.

111. CatorHorax muusantr (Bourc.), Ann. Se. Lyons, 1842,

p- 344; Gould, Mon. ii. 9.

FURNARINE.

112. RuoprnocicHLa Rosea (Less.).—Furnarius roseus, Less.,

Ill. Zool. pl. 5; Hartlaub in Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 33.—

Turdus vulpinus, Hartl. R. Z. 1849, p. 276, et P. Z. 8. 1850, p.276,

pl. 32 (?).—Cichalopia (!) vulpina, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 29.

I have seen specimens of this curious bird from Aragua in Vene-

zuela (Mus. Berolin.), from Bogota, and from Panama and Guatimala

in the Derby Museum at Liverpool.

SYNALLAXINZ.

113. SyNALLAXIS STRIATICOLLIS, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290.

114, SynaLLaxis uniRvFus, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290.

115. SyNALLAXIS BRACHYURUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290.

116. SynaLLaxis Guuaris, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290.

117. SYNALLAXIS CINNAMOMEUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290.

118. SynaLuaxis ruticinosus, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290.

119. ANABATES FLAMMULATUS, Eyton, Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 131.

120. ANABATES BOIssONEAUL, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p. 104.—Pseu-

142

docolaptes semicinnamomeus (!), Reich. Hand. d. Sp. Orn. p. 210.

(1853).

121. MarGARoRNIs SQUAMIGERA (Lafr. et d’Orb.).—Syn. Av.

in Mag. de Zool. 1838, p. 14; d’Orb. Voy. pl. 54. fig. 2.—Anaba-

sitta squamigera, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 492.—Mar-

garornis perlata, Reich. Hand. d. Sp. Orn. p. 179.

DENDROCOLAPTINE.

122. DENDROCOLAPTES PRUMEROPIRHYNCHUS (Less.), R. Z.

1840, p. 270.—D. lineatocephalus, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, pl. 45 ;

Lafr. R. et M. de Zool. 1850, p. 99.

123. DenpDROcOLAPTES PERROTI, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 80; Mag.

de Zool. 1844, Ois. t. 54; R. et M. de Zool. 1850, p. 101.

124, DENDREXETASTES TEMMINCKI (Lafr.), Rev. de Zool.

1851, p. 145. pl. 4.—Dendrewxetastes capitoides, Kyt. Contr. Orn.

1851, p. 76.—Cladoscopus temmincki, Reich. Handb. p. 192;—

P. Z.S. 1855, p. 77.

The Derby Museum specimen of this bird (Mr. Eyton’s type)

and one in the British Museum are from Cayenne, but M. de Lafres-

naye gives Bogota as the locality of his D. temmincki.

125. DENDROCOPS TYRANNINUS, Lafr. R. et M. de Zool. 1851,

p- 328.

126. DENDRORNIS TRIANGULARIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1842, p. 134;

Mag. de Zool. 1843, pl. 32; R. et M. de Zool. 1850, p. 418.

127. PicoLAPTES LACRYMIGER, Lafr. R. et M. de Zool. 1850,

p- 144; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 70.

128. XipHORHYNCHUS PUCHERANI, Lafr. R. et M. de Zool.

1850, p.378 ; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 68.

129. GLyYPHORHYNCHUS CUNEATUS (Licht.). (Mus. Brit.).

MENURIN.

130. TRIPTORHINUS ORTHONYX (Lafr.). Merulaxis orthonyz,

Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 131; Mag. de Zool. 1844, pl. 93.

131. ScyraLopus senruis (Lafr.), R.Z. 1840, p. 103.

132. ScyTALOPuS GRISEICOLLIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1840, p. 103.

133. ScyraLopus sQuaMIGER (Lafr.), R. Z. 1840, p. 103.

134. TRoGLODYTES 2

A Bogota skin of a true Troglodytes allied to Swainson’s equinoc-

tialis is in my collection, but I am unwilling to describe it as new,

until I have made further researches among several rather obscure

South American species of this genus, to one of which it may belong.

143

135. THRYOTHORUS FASCIATO-VENTRIS, Lafr. R.Z. 1845, p.337.

136. TuryoTHorvs sTRIATULUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 338,

137. TuryoTHoRUS RUFALBUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 337.

I have Bogota skins of this bird, which perfectly agree with ex-

amples from Santa Martha from the MM. Verreaux’s collection.

The latter have been recognized by M. de Lafresndye himself as of

this species. I have also the same bird from Trinidad.

138. TuryorHorus RuTILUS (Vieill.).—T. rutilans, Sw. Orn.

Dr: pl. 15,

In the Paris Museum from Bogota (Lewy). Common in collec-

tions from Trinidad.

139. CinnicerTaia uNnIRUFA (Lafr.).—Limnornis unirufa, Latr.

R. Z. 1840, p. 105.—Cinn. unicolor, Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois.

p- 286.—Presbys unirufa, Cab. M. H. p. 80 (1850).

This and the following bird seem more closely allied to Thryo-

thorus than to Limnornis as placed by Lafresnaye.

140. CrynicerRTHIA CANIFRONS (Lafr.).—Limnornis canifrons,

Lafr. R.Z. 1840, p. 105.—Presbys canifrons, Cab. M. H. p. 80.

141. CampyLoRHYNCHUS BREVIROSTRIS, Lafr. R. Z. 18435,

p- 339.

142. CampyLORHYNCHUS ZONATOIDES, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 92.

(Mus. Brit.)

MNIOTILTIN2.

143. Mnioriuta varia (L.); Wilson, Am. Orn. pl. 19. fig. 3.

144. HeumirHeros curysoprerus (L.); Wilson, Am. Orn.

pl. 15. fig. 5.

145. Ruimameuus zxstivus (L.); Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 15. fig.6.

146. RHIMAMPHUS stRIATuS (Gm.); Wils. Am. Orn. pl.30.fig.3.

147. RHIMAMPHUS BLACKBURNIZ (Gm.); Wilson, Am. Orn.

pl. 23, fig. 3

148. CompsoTHLYPIS BRASILIANA (Licht.). — 8. drasiliana,

Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p. 35.—-S. venusta, Temm. Pl. Col. 293. fig. 1.

149. Myrop1ocres canapensts (L.) ; Wilson, Am. Orn. pl. 26.

fig. 2.—Setophaga nigricincta, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 292, et 1844,

pads P.Z.8. 1854, p. 111.

150. Myroruiyris nrericristata (Lafr.).—Tricas nigricrista-

tus, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p. 230; Bp. Att. Se. It. vi. p. 405; Bp.

Consp. p. 311.

151. Myroratyrpis Lureovrripis (Bp.).—Trichas luteoviridis,

Bp. Att. Se. It. vi. p. 405, et Consp. p. 311.

144

152. Hy.oruinus semiprunnevs, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 341.

153. Hytoruitus Fruavires, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 342.

154. BASILEUTERUS VERMIVORUS, Cab., Schomb. Reise iii. 661;

Bp. Consp. p. 313. (Maus. Brit.)

155. BastLevreRvs coronatus (Tsch.).—Myiodioctes corona-

tus, Tsch. F. P. p. 193. pl. xiv. fig. 1. (err. sub nom. M. tristriato).

In the Paris Museum trom M. Lewy’s Bogota collection.

156. BastLEUTERUS DELATTRII, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 62.

B. olivaceus : pileo genisque rubris: superciltis a fronte et in

nucham productis albis: subtus flavus, latertbus olivascentibus.

This seems to be the same as the Nicaraguan bird characterized

by Prince Bonaparte. It is common in Bogota collections, and

is generally confounded with Swainson’s Setophaga rufifrons from

Mexico, which has only the breast yellow, and the belly and crissuam

brownish-white.

157. SeTOPHAGA RUTICILLA (L.) ; Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 6. fig. 6.

158. SeropHAGA VERTICALIS (Lafr. et d’Orb.); d Orb. Voy.

p- 330. pl. 35. fig. 1.

159. SeTopHAGA ORNATA, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 70.

160. SETOPHAGA FLAVEOLA, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 81.

161. SeroPHAGA LEUCOPHOM™MA, Kp., P. Z.S. 1851, p. 49.

162. SrropHaGa RuFIcORONATA, Kp., P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 49.

These four last species seem to be very closely allied to one another.

I have not yet studied the group sufficiently to be able to give an

opinion as to whether they are all truly distinct. The S. ornata is

common in Bogota collections.

163. SeropHaGaA ruFipectus (Less.).—Tyrannula rufipectus,

Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 296. 2

164. SreropHaGa ALBipiema, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 8.

165. SETOPHAGA CINNAMOMEIVENTRIS (Lafr.), R.Z. 1843,

p- 291.

These three last species would be more correctly placed, perhaps,

among the Tyrannine. They are certainly intermediate in form.

MOTACILLIN.

166. AnrHus BOGOTENSIS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 109. pl.ci.

TURDINA.

167. Turpus cies, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 59.

145

168. Turpvs 2

_I have two specimens of a Bogota thrush allied to 7. fumigatus,

Licht., which I cannot yet satisfactorily determine.

169. Turpus minimus, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p: 5.

Prince Bonaparte considers this the same as the northern T. minor

(Notes Orn. p. 26, note).

' 170. Mimus

I have a Bogota skin of a bird of this difficult genus, possibly re-

ferable to M. colombianus, Cab. or M. melanopterus, Lawrence.

ForMICARIINE.

171. GRALLARIA SQUAMIGERA, F. Prevost, Zool. Venus, pl. 1;

Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 333.

172. GRALLARIA RUFICAPILLA, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 333.

173. GRaLLARIA MopESTA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 89. pl. 94.

174. GRALLARIA HYPOLEUCA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 88.

175. GRALLARIA RUFULA, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 99.

176. CoamM&ZA MARGINATA (Max.)?

A single skin in the British Museum does not seem distinct from

Brazilian specimens. It may perhaps be more strictly referable to

the Peruvian C. olivacea, Tsch., with which I am not acquainted.

177. CHAM#ZA MOLLIsSIMA, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 89, pl. 96.

178. Formicarrius niGrirrons, Gould, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 68.

Very similar to Formicarius cayanensis, Bodd. (Pl. Enl. 821), but

with a permanent black front.

179. Formicartrus FruscaTerR (Lafr.), R. Z. 1845, p. 341.

180. ConoporPpHAGA ARDESIACA, Lafr. et d’Orb.? Tsch. F. P.

p- 179 (certe).

A Bogota skin in the British Museum is identical with a type-

specimen of Tschudi in my own collection, but I rather doubt whether

Tschudi has rightly assigned it to d’Orbigny’s Bolivian species.

181. ConopopHaca NANA (Lafr.).—Grallaria nana, Lafr. R. Z.

1842, p. 334.—(Mus. Bnit.)

Seems more of a Conopophaga than a Grallaria, as placed by

Lafresnaye.

182. Pirays aLBirrons (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 707. fig. 1. Schomb.

Guian. ii. 685.—Mus. Paris., ex Lewy.

183. HereRocNEMIs MARGINATA, Sclater, sp. nov.

H. supra cinnamomeo-brunnea, pennis strictissime nigro mar-

146

ginatis: alis caudaque intus nigricantibus, externe brunnes-

centibus: subtus alba, gutturis et pectoris totius plumis stricte

brunneo marginatis, quasi squamatis ; his marginibus versus

ventrem gradatim latioribus: ventre crissoque einnamomeo-

brunneis, nigro transversim vittatis: rostro nigro, mandibula

inferiore basi alba ; pedibus pallide brunneis.

Long. tota 3°0: alee 2°2: caude 1-2: rostri a fronte °5.

Mr. Strickland’s name Holocnemis, proposed in 1844 for the

H. nevia (figured in Cont. to Orn. 1849, pl. 18), has been pre-

viously applied to a family of Coleoptera by Schilling, and I there-

fore propose to change it into Heterocnemis. A second species of

the genus seems to be the bird figured in Buffon’s Pl. Enl. 73,

fig. 2, under the name of ‘Le Bambla de Cayenne.’—(Turdus

bambla, Bodd.—Heterocnemis bambla, mihi.)—The present bird is

very closely allied to the latter. In the upper plumage it is very

similar, being only of a more cinnamomeous tinge; but it may be

distinguished by the want of the white markings on the wings, and

the throat, breast and upper belly being white, each feather narrowly

margined with brown. In H. dambla these parts are ash-brown,

with obsolete transverse markings. Lesson’s Myrmothera troglo-

dytes (Desc. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 301, no. 118) seems the same as

H. bambla. This form is indeed very closely connected with some

of the Wrens, and hardly to be separated from certain birds that are

usually placed in the genus Scytalopus.

184. HypocnemMis ERYTHROPHRYS.— Pithys erythrophrys,

Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 255, pl. Ixxii. fig. 1.

This is possibly the same as Dr. Cabanis’ Conopophaga angus-

tirostris, Schomb. Guian. ili. 685.

185. Hypocnemis Leucopnurys (Tsch.).—Thamnophilus myio-

therinus 2, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 30, pl. 42, fig. 2?—Pithys leuc-

ophrys, Tsch. F. P. p.176.—Myrmonaz leucophrys, Cab. Orn. Notiz.

p- 211?

HI. nigro-schistacea; alis caudaque nigricantibus; pileo antico et

superciliis latis albis: gutture nigro in ventrem sensim dilutes-

cente: rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota 5:0: ale 2°75: caudee 2:0.

This bird, which is common in collections from Bogota, appears

to be the same as Tschudi’s species, though his figure is not a good

one.

186. HypocNeMIs MYIOTHERINA (Spix).—Thamnophilus myio-

therinus &, Spix, pl. 42, fig. 1—Hypocnemis melanolema, Sclater,

P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 254. pl. Ixxii. fig. 2.

I have erred in giving a fresh name to this species, which appears

to be the same as the bird figured by Spix as the male of his

Thamnophilus myiotherinus. A Bogota specimen is in the British

Museum. ;

147

187. Hyrocnemis 2

Olivaceo-brunnea, fronte paululum rufescente ; plumis narium,

loris, capitis lateribus et regione auriculari atris ; tectricibus

alarum nigris pallido brunneo late terminatis; subtus clare

Sulvo-brunnea, guiture toto albo; collaribus maculis quibusdam

nigris; rostro nigro, mandibula inferiore basi albicante, pedi-

bus nigris.

Long. tota 4°75: alee 2°6 : caude 1-6.

This is a very close ally of my H. melanosticta, P. Z. S. 1854,

p- 234. pl. lxxiii., to the female of which it shows much resemblance.

But the bill is stronger and thicker, the throat purer white, the

abdomen much more deeply coloured, of a buffish brown. There

are also no traces of superciliary marks, and the wings are more

broadly margined. I think it must be in female plumage; yet the

example in the British Museum, and three or four in the Paris col-

lection, sent by M. Lewy from Bogota, seem to be all alike.

188. Myrmeciza Leucaspis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p- 253.

pl. 70.

189. Myrmeciza Ltonaires (Sw.), Zool. Ill. n. s. pl. 23. (Mus.

Brit.)

190. Formictvora ornata, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. de Zool.

1853, p. 480. Mus. Paris., ex Lewy.

191. Formicrvora AxiLuaris (Vieill.) ? (Mus. Brit.)

192. Formictvora pyema (Gm.). Pl. Enl. 831. fig. 2.

Several Bogota skins of what I take to be this species are in the

British Museum; but the throat is white, not straw-coloured, as in

Buffon’s plate.

193. Formicrvora caLuinota, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 89.

pl. xevi.

194. Formicivora caupata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 254.

pl. Ixxiv.

195. PyRIGLENA TYRANNINA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 90.

pl. xeviii.

196. Pyriguena Exxisrana, Sclater, P. Z. 8S. 1855, p. 109.

pl. c.

197. PyriGLENA QuixENsis (Corn.)—P. Z. 8. 1854. p. 112.

I have examined a Bogota skin of this bird, which agrees with the

one in Mr. Gould’s Quixos collection mentioned by me in the list

given in these Proceedings for last year.

198. DystrHAMNUS SEMICINEREUS, Sclater, P. Z. 8S. 1855, p- 90.

pl. xevii.

199. THAMNOPHILUS MELANURUS, Gould, P.Z.S. 1855, p- 69.

pl. Ixxxiii.

148

200. THaMNopHILus ALBicans, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 82.

201. THAMNOPHILUS MULTISTRIATUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 82.

202. THAMNOPHILUS BREVIROSTRIS, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 82.

203. THAMNOPHILUS ASPERSIVENTER, Lafr. et d’Orb.—Lafr.

R. Z. 1844, p. 83.

204. THAMNOPHILUS SCHISTACEUS, d’Orb.—Lafr. R. Z. 1844,

p- 83.

205. THAMNOPHILUS N&vIUS (Gm.)?—Sclater, Draft Arr. of

Thamn. in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1855, vol. i. p. 243. sp. 28.

206. THAMNOPHILUS IMMACULATUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 340.

ALECTRURINZE.

207. Copurus Leuconortvus, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 335.

I agree with M. de Lafresnaye in considering this species distinct

from the Brazilian Copurus filicauda, but I believe that the back is

only white in younger individuals, excepting the patch on the rump,

which is common to the other species. But the New Grenadian

bird may be recognized by the comparatively darker colour of the

head, and the extreme elongation of the medial rectrices, which in

my Bogota skins are two inches longer than the corresponding fea-

thers of the Brazilian.

208. Fiuvicota pica (Bodd.)—PI. Enl. 675. fig. 1 ; M. bicolor,

Gm. 18

I have also Trinidad and Cayenne specimens of this bird, which is

quite distinct from its southern representative—Fluvicola albiventris

(Spix) (Av. Bras. ii. p. 21. pl. 30 = F. bicolor, d@ Orb. Voy. p. 343)

—with which it is generally confounded.

TYRANNINZE.

209. ToprrostruM RuFIcEpPs, Kp., P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 52; T.

multicolor, Strickl., Cont. Orn. 1852, pl. 85. fig. 2. p. 42.

210. ToprROsTRUM GRENADENSE, Hartl., R. Z. 1843, p. 289;

Cont. Orn. 1852, pl. 85. fig. 1; 7. pectoralis, Kp. P. Z. 8. 1851,

p- 52.

211. ToprRosTRUM SQUAMICRISTATUM, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p.363,

212. ToprrosTRUM CINEREUM (L.)—PI. Enl. 585. fig.3; Todus

melanocephalus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. pl. 9. fig. 2.

This little bird is found in Brazil (Spix and Max.), Guiana

(Schomb.), Cayenne (Buff.) and Trinidad, from all which localities

I have specimens. The British Museum and Mr. Gould’s collection

contain examples from Bogota.

149

213. TopirostRUM GRacitiees, Sclater, sp. nov.

T. supra olivaceum ; alis caudaque nigricantibus, olivaceo anguste

limbatis; pileo fuscescente; loris mentoque albidis; subtus

flavum, lateribus olivascentibus ; gutture et pectore longitudi-

naliter nigro striatis; tectricibus subalaribus sulphureis ; ros-

tro nigro; pedibus carneis ; tarsis gracillimis.

Long. tota 3°8; ale 2:0; caude 1:7.

This apparently new species is most nearly allied to T. maculatum

(Desm.) and 7’, striaticolle, Lafr. (in both of which the neck is also

striated), but has the whole throat yellow. The bill agrees in form

with that of the former bird, but is rather shorter and narrower.

The type specimen is in the British Museum.

214. TyRaANNULA cINNAMOMEA (d’Orb. et Lafr.), Syn. Av. in

Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 49; M. vieilloti, 7 Orb. Voy. p. 321. pl. 34.

fig. 1 ; Myzobius pyrrhopterus, Hartl. R. Z. 1843, p. 289.

215, TyRANNULA ERYTHRURA, Cab., Orn. Not. in Wiegm. Archiv,

1844, p. 249. t. 5. fig. 1; Schomb. Guian. iii. 701. (Mus. Brit.)

216. TyRaANNULA DIADEMA (Hartl.) R. Z. 1843, p. 289; M.

Suscocapilla, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 291.

217. TYRANNULA RUFICEPS (Lafr.) ; Muscicapa (Todirostrum?)

ruficeps, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 291; Fluvicola (!) ruficeps, Lafr. R.

Z. 1844, p. 80; Conopophaga (!!) ruficeps, Lafr. Mag. de Zool.

1844, pl. 91, et Bp. Consp. p. 203.

218. TyRaNNULA oORNATA, Lafr. R. et M. de Zool. 1853, p. 57.

P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 113. pl. 66. fig. 2.

219. TyRANNULA RUFIPECTUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 207.

220. TyRANNULA SETOPHAGOIDES, Bp., Att. Sc. It. vi. p. 405;

et Consp. p. 188.

221. TYRANNULA CINCHONETI (Tsch.), F.P. p.151. pl.8. fig. 2;

Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 7; T. icterophrys, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 341.

222. Savornis NiGRICcANS (Sw.).—Tyrannula nigricans, Sw.

Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 367; Aud. pl. 434; Bp. Notes Orn. p. 87.

(Mus. Brit.)

223. Sayornis aArposiAca (Lafr.).—Tyrannula ardosiaca, Lafr.

R. Z. 1844, p. 80.

Closely allied to the preceding according to Lafresnaye, and

therefore probably to be placed in the same genus.

224. PyrocePHALUS RUBINEUS (Bodd.).—PI. Enl. 675. fig. 1.

This bird is a summer visitant to Texas and New Mexico: see

Cassin’s B. of California, pl. xviii. p.127. It also occurs in Trinidad,

Cayenne and Brazil, and was found by Azara in Paraguay, and

would seem therefore to have a very wide geographical range, if the

150

specimens from all these localities belong to one species. Mr.Gould’s

collection contains Bogota examples.

225. My1arcHus virENS (L.); Wils. Am. Orn. t. 13. fig. 5;

Bp. Att. Se. It. p. 405. sp. 31.

226. Myrarcuus Frerox (Gm.) ; Pl. Enl. 571. fig. 1. (Mus. Brit.

et P. L. 8.)

227. ELEZENIA CAYENNENSIS (L.); Pl. Enl. 569. fig. 2. (Mus.

Brit.)

228. Minvutus TyrRANNus (L.); Pl. Enl. 571. fig. 1. (Mus.

Brit.)

229. HiRUNDINEA FERRUGINEA (Gm.).—Platyrhynchus hirun-

dinaceus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 11. t. 13. fig. 1. (Mus. Brit.)

230. TyRANNUS FUMIGATUS, Boiss. R. Z. 1841, p. 71.—T. bois-

soneauii, Bp. Consp. p. 71.

231. TyRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS, Vieill.—M. furcata, Spix,

Av. Bras. ii. p: 19.—Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 700. (Mus. Brit.)

232. TyRANNUs AuUDAX (Gm.).—PIl. Enl. 453. fig. 2.

233. TyRANNUS RUFINUS (Spix).—WM. rujfina, Spix, Av. Bras.

ii. pl. 31—Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 700. (Maus. Brit.)

234, Pirancus CHRYSOCEPHALUS, Tsch., F. P.p.23.pl.8. fig. 1 ;

Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 5.

There are examples of this bird in the British Museum from

Bogota and Venezuela. M. de Lafresnaye’s specimen was from

Caraccas.

235. TyRANNULUS ELATUS (Lath.)—Pipra elata, Spix, Av.

Bras. ii. t. 8 a. fig. 2. (Mus. Paris.) |

236. TyRANNULUS NIGRICAPILLUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 341.

TITYRINZ.

237. Tiryra cayana (L.)—PI. Enl. 304. (Mus. Brit.)

238. Tiryra ALBITORQUES, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1847, xiv.

pt. 2. p. 104; R. Z. 1848, p. 244.—Psaris Fraseri, Kp. P. Z. 8.

1851, p. 47. (Mus. Brit.)

239. PacHYRHAMPHUS NIGER (Spix), Av. Bras. il. pl. 45. fig. 1.

(Mus. Brit.)

240. PacHyRHAMPHUS VERSICOLOR (Hartl.).—Vireo-versicolor,

Hartl. R. Z. 1843, p.289. P. squamatus, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 291,

et 1844, p. 46.

151

Muscricaprina?

241. PotroptTitaA LeucoGAsTER (Max.).—Sylvia leucogaster,

Max. iii. p. 710—Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 12.

VIREONINZE.

242. Virrosyiv1a ovivacea (Linn.). Aud. B. Am. pl. 150?

(Mus. P. L. 8S.)

243, VIREOSYLVIA VIRESCENS (Vieill.). Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 12?

fig. 3.

244. VIREOLANIUS ICTEROPHRYS, Bp. Notes Or. p. 60.

(Pl. CTII.)

V. lete viridis, pileo cerulescente ; superciliis protractis et ma-

cula suboculart lete flavis; subtus flavescenti-viridis, gula et

alis subtus flavescentioribus ; rostro Cyclorhini simili sed pro-

ductiore.

Long. tota 4°75; ale 2°75; caude 1°75.

Of this beautiful bird I have seen but the one specimen im the

Derby Museum at Liverpool, from which my characters are taken.

I was intending to name it as apparently new, when I found Prince

Bonaparte’s description of Vireolanius icterophrys in a note to his

“Notes ornithologiques sur les collections rapportées par M. A. De-

lattre,” which I think must be intended for the same bird. The

Derby Museum specimen is from Bogota. The Prince gives “ Rio

Negro” as his locality.

245. CycLoruis nicRirostris, Lafr, R. Z. 1842, p. 133.

PIpRiINz.

246. Manacus rpwarpsI, Bp. Consp. p. 99.

Bogota specimens agree pretty well with those from Cayenne, but

show rather more cinereous on the sides of the belly. The Brazilian

M. gutturosus (Bp. Consp. p. 99) has the whole abdomen and the

lower back- and tail-coverts cinereous.

247. Manacus FLaveouus, Cass. Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. 1851, p. 349.

Pipra flavitincta, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1852, p. 34. pl. xlviii.

Mr. Cassin’s name had not reached this side of the Atlantic at the

time I gave a second to this species. I do not know what is meant

by M. bogotensis, which Prince Bonaparte quotes as my (!) name for

this bird in his Conspectus Anisodactylorum, p. 3.

248. CHTROXIPHYA MELANOCEPHALA (Vieill.).—Pipra melano-

cephala, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xix. p. 163.—P. pareolides, d’Orb. et

Lafr. R. Z. 1838, p. 165.

Found also in Trinidad, Venezuela and Carthagena ; not in Cayenne,

as stated in Prince Bonaparte’s Conspectus.

152

249. Prera FiticaupA, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. t. 8. fig. 1. Com-

mon in collections from Bogota.

250. Prera tevucociiua (L.) Pl. Enl. 34. fig. 2. I have seen

Bogota skins of this bird.

251. Pipra istport, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 9;

Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 132. pl. 100. fig. 1.

252, Pipra strioxata, Bp. P. Z.S. 1837, p. 122; Gray’s Gen.

pl. 67. fig. 2. Common from Bogota.

253. Pipra FLAVICAPILLA, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851,

p-9; Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 132.

254. Masrus curysortervs (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 97; Bp.

Consp. p. 175; Gray’s Gen. pl. 67. fig. 1.

255. Prprites cutoris (Temm.), Pl. Col. 172. fig. 2; Tsch.

F. P. p. 144. (Mus. Brit.)

256. RupicoLa PERUVIANA (Latham).

The Peruvian Cock of.the Rock seems to be distributed along the

Andean range from Bogota through Ecuador and East Peru into

Bolivia, where it was found by d’Orbigny in the province of Yungas.

I am not sure that it occurs on the western side of the great range.

The Rupicola crocea has a more limited distribution, being seem-

ingly confined to the mountain system of Guiana. Mr. Wallace

came across it at the inner extremity of this range near the borders

of the Rio Negro*.

257. CoTINGA NATTERERI (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 2.

258. AMPELION RUBRICRISTATUS (Lafr. et d’Orb.), d’Orb.

Voy. p. 298. pl. 31. fig. 1. A. rufocristata, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 3.

259. AMPELION aRcuATUS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 98.

260. AMpELION cincTUs (Tsch.).—<dmpelis cincta, Tsch. Wiegm.

Arch. 1843, p. 285, et Faun. Per. p. 285. Cotinga tschudii, Gray’s

Gen. i. p. 279. (Pl. CIV.)

& olivaceus ; pileo nigro, in medio aureo guttato; dorsi pennis

nigris, olivaceo circumeinctis ; alarum tectricibus, secondariis

et caude tectricibus ad apicem flavo maculatis; alarumtectricibus

majoribus pure olivaceis ; subtus flavus, pennis nigro et olivaceo

circumeinetis ; gula flavescentiore ; rectricibus nigris, maculis

terminalibus flavo-albidis.

? supra olivacea, dorso nigro punctato ; subtus mart similis, sed

gula albo-flavescentiore.

Long. tota 7:0; ala 4-0.

A pair of this beautiful species (of which Tschudi has described

the female) are in the British Museum.

* See his Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro. A most interesting account

of the habits of this remarkable bird is also given by Schomburgk in Naumannia,

1850, pt. 2. p. 34.

153

261. Procnias occrpDENTALIS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1854, p. 249.

262. PreREOLA RIEFFERI (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 3.

263. PrpREoLA AUREIPECTUS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 68.

QUERULIN#.

264. LipauGus rusco-ciNEREUS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 291.

265. QuERULA CRUENTA (Bodd.)—PI. Enl. 381. (Mus. Brit.)

GYMNODERIN&.

266. PyropERUS GRENADENSIS (Lafr.), R. Z., 1846, p. 277.

The Brazilian and New Grenadian Pyroderi seem to differ little

except in size. The bill of the latter species is considerably smaller.

GARRULINZ.

267. CyaANocorRAx ARMILLATUS, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, ii.

pl. 94.

268. Cyanocorax viotacevus, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. (1847),

xiv. 11. p. 103 ; Esq. Orn. pl. 30.—C. hyacinthinus, Cab. in Schomb.

Reise, i. 683.—C. harrisii, Cassin. (Mus. P. L. 8.)

269. Cyanocorax PILEATUS (Temm.), Pl. Col. 58. (Mus,

Brit. et P. L. 8.)

270. Cyanocorax 1ncas (Bodd.); Pl. Enl. 625.

peruviana, Bp. Consp. p. 110.

Dr. Cabanis has separated the Venezuelan variety (?) of this species

under the name of cyanocapillus. See Tsch. F. P. p. 233, and Cab.

Mus. Hein. p. 223. I do not know whether the Bogota bird is most

like the Peruvian or Venezuelan form.

Xanthoura

QUISCALINE.

271. QUISCALUS SUBALARIS, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 70.

IcTERIN.

-272. Cacicus vropyerAuis, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p- 90, et 1847,

p- 218.

273. ARCHIPLANUS LEUCORHAMPHUS (Bp.), Att. Se. It. vi.

p- 405; Consp. p. 428.

274. Ostinops cristatus (Gm. )—PI. Enl. 344. (Mus. P.L.S.)

275. Ocyatus WaGteri, Gray’s Gen. pl. 85.

I remarked a specimen of this species in a small collection lately

received by Mr. S. Stevens from Bogota.

No. CCXCIV.—ProceEpDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

154

276. HypopyrRruvuS pyRRHOGASTER (de Tarr.), R. Z. 1837,

p. 252; Bp. Consp. p. 425.

277. Icrerus G1rRAvDT, Cassin, Journ. Ac. Philad. i. pl.17, p.138.

The Bogota birds have the bend of the wing yellow, and are

therefore perhaps distinct from the Venezuelan I. melanopterus. —

See Bp. Notes Orn. p. 16.

278. IcTERUS MESOMELAS (Wagler), Isis, 1829, p. 755.—I.

atrigularis, Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 22, p. 73. (Mus. P. L. 8.)

CoccoTHRAUSTINZ.

279. HepyMELES LuDovicIANUS (Linn.) — Wils. Am. Orn.

pl..17, fig. 2

This well-known North American species extends all through

Mexico and Central America into the northern parts of the southern

continent. I have seen many Bogota specimens, but they are never

in fully adult plumage.

280. PHEUCTICUS AUREIVENTER (Lafr. et d’Orb.) — d’Orb.

Voy. pl. 49, fig. 2, p. 365.—Bp. Att. Sc. It. vi. p. 405. (Mus.

Brit.)

TANAGRINE.

281. Prryius Grossus (Linn.)—PI. Enl. 154. (Mus. Brit. et

P. L.S.)

282. ScHisrocHLamys ATRA (Gm.)—-PIl. Enl. 714, fig. 2.

This species seems widely distributed. I have examples from

Bogota, Cayenne, and Trinidad. Tschudi noticed it im Eastern Peru

(F. P. p. 210), D’Orbigny in the provinces of Moxos and Chiquitos

in Bolivia (Voy. p. 291), and Prince Max. of Neuwied in South-east

Brazil (Beitr. ii. 504).

283. CHLORORNIS RIEFFERI (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p.4; Gray’s

Gen. pl. 89.

284. Satraror maGnus (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 205. (Mus. Brit.)

285. Sauraror striatipectus, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 73.

(Mus. P. L. 8.)

286. Cissopis minor, Tsch. F. P. p. 211. (Mus. P. L.S.)

287. ARREMON AXILLARIS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1854, p. 97 et Tan.

Cat. Sp. App. p. 15.

288. ARREMON ERYTHRORHYNCAUS, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855,

p- 83, pl. Ixxxix.

289. Arremon conirostris, Bp. Consp. p. 488.

A rather aberrant species if really belonging to this genus. I have

a Bogota skin, which is quite similar to a Santa Martha example

from the MM. Verreaux’s collection.

155

290. BUARREMON AssIMILis (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 67.

291. BuaRREMON PALLIDINUCHUS (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 68.

292. BUARREMON ALBIFRENATUS (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 68.—

Arr. mystacalis, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1852, pl. 99, p. 131, et Rev. et

Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 8.

293. BUARREMON BRUNNEINUCHUS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1839, p. 97;

Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 68.

294. BuARREMON ALBINUCHUS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1838, p. 5.

(Mus. P. L. S.).

295. BuaRREMON GUTTURALIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 98.

296. BUARREMON SCHISTACEUS (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 69.

297. PipiLopsis sEMIRUFUS (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 69.

298. CHLOROSPINGUS ALBITEMPORALIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1848,

p. 12.

I doubt whether this Bogota bird is really identical with the

Mexican Arremon ophthalmicus, DuBus, as thought by M. de La-

fresnaye (R. Z. 1848, p. 247.)

299. CHLoRospINGUS FLAVIPECTUS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1840, p. 227,

et 1848, p. 11.

300. CHLOROSPINGUS CANIGULARIS (Lair.), R. Z. 1848, p. 11.

301. CHLOROSPINGUS FLAVIGULARIS, Sclater, Rev. et Mag. de

Zool. 1852, p. 8; Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 131, pl. 98.

302. CHLoRosPINGus ATRIPILEUS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1842, p. 335.

303. CHLOROSPINGUS RUBRIROSTRIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1840,

. 227.

304. CHLOROSPINGUS MELANOTIS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1854, p. 157,

pl. 68.

This seems to be the bird described, but not named, by Prince

Bonaparte, Att. Sc. It. vi. p. 405, sp. 26.

305. CHLOROSPINGUS SUPERCILIARIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1840,

p. 227.—Hylophilus leucophrys, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 81.

306. CHLOROosPINGUS VERTICALIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1840, p. 227.

307. NeMOSIA ALBIGULARIS, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p- 109,

pl. xcix..

308. Nemosra Guira (Linn.).—Pl. Enl. 720. fig. 1. (Mus.

Py diss)

309. TacuypHonus cristatus (Gm.).—Pl. Enl. 7. fig. 2.

(Mus. P. L.8.)

156

310. TACHYPHONUS BREVIPES (Lafr.), R. Z. 1846, p. 206,

A female bird, but of what species ?

311. TacHypHONUS MELALEUCUS (Sparm.). (Mus. Brit.)

312. TacHyPHONuS Luctuosvus (Lafr. et d’Orb.).—d’Orb. Voy.

pl. 20. (Mus. P.L. 8.)

313. TACHYPHONUS XANTHOPYGIUS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1854,

p. 154, pl. Ixix. (2), et 1855, p. 83, pl. xe. ( ¢).—Lanio auritus,

DuBus, Bull. Acad. Brux. Feb. 1855.

314. Lanio aTRICAPILLUS (Gm.).—PI. Enl. 809. fig. 2. (Mus.

P.1L.8.)

315. TRICHOTHRAUPIS PENICILLATA (Spix).—Tan. penicillata,

Spix, Av. Bras. ii. t.49 —Pyranga albicollis, D’Orb.?!—Pipilopsis (!)

cristata, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. Feb. 1855.

I have specimens of this bird from several different localities, but

at present can make out of them only one (though rather variable)

species. The Bogota bird seems rather smaller and weaker-billed

than a Cayenne specimen.

316. PH#NICOTHRAUPIS GUTTURALIS, Sclater, Ann. Nat. Hist.

1854, p. 24. (Mus. Brit. et Paris.)

317. Lamprores avsicristata (Lafr.), R.Z. 1843, p. 132;

Mag. de Zool. 1844, Ois. pl. 50.—Sericossypha sumptuosa, Less.

Echo d. M. S. 1844, p. 302.

318. PyranGa astrva (Linn.).

The Bogota skins I have seen seem referable to the North

American species rather than the closely-allied P. saira, Spix (azare,

Lafr. et d’Orb.). This bird has already been noticed as far south

as Guatimala (P. Z.S. 1837, p. 116).

319. PyranGA RUBRA (Linn.).

Young birds from Bogota of this species are in the British Museum

and my own collection.

320. Pyranca ruBRICEPS, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, pl. 89.

Afterwards erroneously united by Mr. Gray to Spermagra erythro-

cephala, Sw., which is the same as Pyranga cucullata, DuBus.

See Bp. Notes sur les Tang. p. 29.

321. PyrRaNGA ERYTHROMELAS (Licht.).—Tanagra erythro-

melas, Licht. Preis-Verz. sp. 69 (1831).—P. leucoptera, Trudeau,

Journ. Phil. viii. 160.—P. divittata, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 70.—

Phenisoma ardens, Tsch. Wiegm. Archiv, 1844, p. 287.

If the South American bird is the same as the Mexican (as I

believe is the case), Lichtenstein’s name is the first for this species.

322. Rampsoce us pimripraTus (Lafr.), R. Z. 1838, p. 165.

157

323. RAMPHOCELUS FLAMMIGERUS (Jard.), Ill. Orn. pl. 131

(dorso postico rubro).

324. RampHOCELUS cHRySONOTUS (Lafr.), Rev. et Mag. de

Zool. 1853, p. 246 (dorso postico aurantio).

325. RAMPHOCELUS ICTERONOTUS, Bp. R. Z. 1838, p. 8 (dorso

postico flavissimo).

326. TanaGRa EPiscopus (Linn.).

By this I mean the true episcopus. See Mr. Strickland’s note in

Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p, 332.

327. TanaGra cana, Sw. Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 332.

328. TANAGRA PALMARUM, Max. (Mus. P.L.S.)

329. Dususia Tanrata (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 67.

330. Dususia oLtvicyanea (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 69.

331. Dupusta cyANOcEPHALA (Lafr. et d’Orb.) ?

I have not yet compared the Bogota skins of this species with

Bolivian examples, but they seem to agree with a specimen of the

same bird in my collection from Peru, and I think it possible that

they may be all referred to one species.

332. Compsocoma vicTorRINI (Lafr.), R. Z. 1842, p. 336.

333. BurHraupPis cucuLuata (Jard.), Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 43.—

Dubusia gigas, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 171.

334. Bururauris Eximta (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 66.

335. ANIsoGNaTHUs LuNuLATUS (DuBus), Bull. Ac. Brux. vi.

pt. 1, p. 439 (1839).—Tanagra (Euphone’) constantii, Boiss. R. Z.

1840, p. 3.—Aglaia erythrotis, Jard. Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 36.

_ 336. ANISOGNATHUS LACRIMOsUS (DuBus), Esq. Om. t. 9.—

T. palpebrosa, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 71. (Mus. Brit.)

337. Irn1porN1s pususiA (Bp.).—I. dubusia, Bp.Consp.p. 239;

Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 127, pl. 94.— Arremon rufivertex, Lafr. R. Z.

1842, p. 335.

338. CALLISTE C@LICOLOR, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 51.

339. CALLISTE AURULENTA (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 90.

340. Cauuiste scLaTeRt, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,

p- 307.

341. Cauiste GutruLata, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1851, p. 76.—

C. chrysophrys, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 24, pl. 69, fig. 2.

342. CALLISTE XANTHOGASTRA, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 23.

158

343. CALLISTE RUFICAPILLA, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 61.

344. CALLISTE PARZUDAKII, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 97.

345. CaLuisTE Gyrotorpes, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 279.

346. CALLIsTE BOLIVIANA, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1851, p. 80.

347. CALLISTE INORNATA, Gould, sp. nov.*

348. CALLISTE RUFICERVIX, Prevost, Voy. Venus, Ois. pl. 5,

fig ol, \

349. CALLISTE ATRICAPILLA, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290.—Procnias

heinei, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 31,(avis jr.).

350. CaLLisTE NiGRIvIRIDIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 69.

351. CALLISTE THALASSINA, Strick]. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 419.

— Aglaia wilsoni, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p.71, et Icon. Orn. pl. 56. fig. 2.

352. CALLISTE CYANICOLLIS (Lafr. et d’Orb.).—d’Orb. Voy.

p- 271, pl. 25, fig. 1.

353. CALLISTE LABRADORIDES, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 67.—Voy.

Venus, Ois. pl. 5, fig. 2.

354. CaLListe veNusTA, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 248.

355. Drva vassort (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 4.—Sclater, Tan.

Cat. Spec. p. 13. ;

356. Diva aupiventTris (Sclater), Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852,

p- 8; Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 131, pl. 100, fig. 12.

357. CHLOROCHRYSA CALLIPAR&A (Tsch.), F. P. p. 202.—Cont.

Orn. 1851, p. 99, pl. 73, fig. 1.

358. TANAGRELLA ELEGANTISSIMA, Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. de

Zool. 1853, p. 195.

359. CHLOROPHONIA LONGIPENNIS (DuBus).—Kuphonia lon-

gipennis, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. Feb. 1855.

I have always hesitated to separate this bird from the Brazilian

C. viridis. As M. DuBus has done so, however, I adopt his name,

as I think it possible the species may be really distinct.

* Mr. Gould has kindly furnished me with the following note on this peculiar

species, which he considers new :—

‘* Crown of the head, back of the neck, back, throat and flanks very dark grey :

ramp and upper tail grey tinged with blue: on the shoulders a bright spot of

shining blue: wings and tail brownish-black: centre of abdomen and under tail-

coverts buffy white: bill and legs black. Total length 4% inches ; bill = ; wing 23;

tail 1$; tarsus 8.

“ Remark.—This little unornamented bird belongs to that division of the

Calliste to which the term Euprepiste has been applied, and of which C. mexicana

and Joliviana are types.”

159

360. CHLOROPHONIA PRETRE!I (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 97; Mag.

de Zool. 1842, pl. 42 ( ¢).—Euph. pyrrhophrys, Selater, Contr. Orn.

1851, p. 89. pl. 75. fig. 2. ( 2).

361. Evpwonta nicRicoiis (Vieill.), Cont. Orn. 1851, pl. 75.

fig. 1. p. 83.

362. KupHONIA MinutTA, Cab.—(E. pumila, Bp.—E. strictifrons,

Strickl.) (Mus. Brit).

363. EUPHONIA XANTHOGASTRA, Sund.—Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 85.

(Mus. P. L. 8.)

364. EvpHonia concrnna, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 98 et Tan.

Cat. Sp. App. p. 16.

365. EvpHONIA MELANURA, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 86.

Mr. Gould’s collection contains specimens of a black-tailed Hu-

phonia from Bogota agreeing nearly with the Amazon bird, except

that the yellow extends rather farther back on the head, and the bill

is somewhat stouter.

366. CaATAMBLYRHYNCHUS DIADEMA, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 301.

Gray’s Gen. pl. 93.—Bustamantia capitaurea, Bp. Att. Se. Ital. vi.

p- 406 (1844).

FRINGILLIN.

367. CurysomitRis cotumBIANA (Lafr.), R. Z. 1843, p. 292.

368. CHRYSOMITRIS SPINESCENS, Bp. Consp. p. 517.

369. SycaLis AuRErIPEcTUus, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 17.

To this species I refer, though with some doubt, a Bogota Sycalis,

of which there are examples in the British Museum and my own

collection.

370. PHonipaRA pusILLA (Sw.).—Tiaris pusillus, Sw. Phil.

Mag. 1827, p. 438.

Olivacea : pileo capitis lateribus gutture imo et pectore toto nigris :

superciliis curtis et gula aureis.

This continental species appears to me to be distinct from the

Ph. olivacea of the Antilles. The latter has the head olive like the

back, and the black on the breast confined to a patch beneath the

golden throat, the mid-belly being nearly white.

Phonipara canora* is a third rather rare and quite different

species.

371. CaTaMENIA ANALIS (Lafr.).—Fringilla analis, Lafr. R. Z.

1843, p. 291, Bp. Consp. p. 493.

* Bp. Consp. p. 494; Brown, Ill. Zool. t..24. fig. 1. A specimen of this bird

is in the Neufchatel collection, and Mr. Strickland once informed me that Mr.

Brown’s original type is still extant in the Newcastle Museum.

160

372. VOLATINIA JACARINA (Linn.)?

Nigro-chalybea : pennis paucis ad campterium albis : tectricibus

subalaribus nigris. (Mus. P. L. 8.)

373. CorypHaspiza pILeata (Max. ).—Lophospiza pileata, Bp.

Consp. p.471. (Mus. P. L. 8.)

EMBERIZINZ&E.

374. PuryeiLus Geospizopsis (!) (Bp.).—Passerculus geospiz-

opsis, Bp. Notes Orn. p.21 (2 )—(@) cinereus unicolor—( 3 ) fusco-

rufescens ; subtus albidus ; fusco toto-striatus.

I expect it will be found that this bird is an inhabitant of the high

mountain ranges. It would appear to be nearly allied to P. wnicolor

(d’Orb. et Lafr.), or certainly to the bird figured under that name

by Sir Wm. Jardine (Cont. Orn. 1849, pl. 20). Prince Bonaparte

has named and described the female only. There are specimens of

both sexes in the British Museum.

375. ZONOTRICHIA PILEATA (Bodd.),—PIl. Enl. 386. fig. 2.—

Z. matutina, auct.

One of the most universally distributed South American Passeres,

being found, I believe, in every part of that continent.

ALAUDINE.

376. Orocorys PEREGRINA, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1855, p. 110. pl. cii.

The only South American bird of the subfamily.

PyYRRHULINE.

377. SpeRMopHILA LuctTuosA, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 291.

378. SPERMOPHILA OLIVACEO-FLAVA, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 291,

et 1846, p. 207. ‘

379. SPERMOPHILA.

A species (of which there is a specimen in the British Museum)

with a rufous crissum. I have not yet made it out. |

380. SpERMOPHILA MINUTA (Linn.)—PI. Enl. 319. fig. 2; Bp.

Consp. p. 495. (Mus. Brit.). Also from 8. Martha (Verreaux).

381. SPERMOPHILA GUTTURALIS (Licht.).—Phonipara guttu-

ralis, Bp. Consp. p. 494.

I have seen Bogota specimens of this bird, which appears rather a

true Spermophila than a Phonipara.

RAMPHASTIDZ.

382. RampHastos AmMBIGUUS, Sw. Zool. Ill. pl. 168. Gould,

Mon. ed. 2, pl. 5.

161

383. Rampnastos cuviert, Wagl. 8. A. sp. 5. Gould, Mon.

ed. 2. pl. 8.

384, RAMPHASTOS CITREOLZMUS, Gould, P. Z.S. 1843, p. 147; |

Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 9.

385. PrrroGuossus casTanotis, Gould, P. Z.S8. 1833, p. 119;

Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 19.

386. ANDIGENA NIGRIROSTRIS (Waterh.) P. Z.S. 1839, p.111;

Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 39.

387. AULACORHAMPHUS CASTANEIRHYNCHUS, Gould, Ann. Nat.

Hist. ix. p. 238; Mon. ed. 2. pl. 44.

388. AULACORHAMPHUS ALBIVITTA (Boiss.), R. Z. 1840, p. 70.

Gould, Mon. ed. 2. pl. 49.

Picipz.

389. Dryocorus poLtens (Bp.).—Picus pollens, Bp. Att. Sc.

It. vi. p. 406.—Campephilus malherbii, Gray’s Gen. pl. 108. Bp.

Consp. p. 133.

390. Dryocopus Grayr (Malh.), Pr. Soc. dH. N. de Moselle,

1849.

391. Dryocopus HaMATOGASTER, Tsch. F. P. p. 265. pl. 25.

(Mus. P. L. S.)

392. CuRysopriLus CANIPILEvs (Lafr. et d’Orb.).—d’Orb. Voy.

p- 379. pl. 63. fig. 2.

The female of this species is figured by d’Orbigny. A Bogota

male specimen in my possession differs in having broad red super-

ciliary and mental bands.

393. CHRYSOPTILUS PUNCTIGULA (Bodd.)—PI. Enl. 613.—C.

cayennensis, Bp. Consp. 122. (Mus. Lugd. ex Bogota.)

394. CHLORONERPES CEcILII (Malh.), Rev. et Mag. de Zool.

1849, p. 538.

395. CHLORONERPES FUMIGATUS (Lafr. et d’Orb.).—d’Orb.

Voy. p. 380. pl. 63. fig. 1.

I have a pair of birds from Bogota which seem to be referable to

this species. Is not P. oleaginus, Wagler, ex Mexico, very closely

allied to this?

396. MeLanerpes cRuENTATUS (Bodd.).—PI. Enl. 694. fig. 2.

—AM. hirundinaceus, Bp. Consp. p. 116. (Mus. P. L. S.)

397. MELANERPES FLAVIGULA (Malh.).—Picus melanopogon,

Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 81.—Melampicos flavigula, Malh. Rev. et Mag.

de Zool. 1849, p. 542.

162

398. CeNTURUS SUBELEGANS, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 109, et

Consp. p. 121.—C. rubriventris, Sw. An. in Men. p. 354 (1837).

My Bogota specimens of this bird are rather smaller in dimensions

than Venezuelan examples. M. Verreaux has the same bird from

Santa Martha. I have not yet had an opportunity of comparing

Central American specimens.

399. CoLaprEes ELEGANS (Fraser), P. Z. S. 1840, p. 60.—Pieus

rivolit, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p.36. Bp. Att. Sc. It. vi. p. 406.

PICUMNINE.

400. Prcumnus GRENADENSIS, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 7. ;

401. Prcumnus sQuaMULaTus, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854,

p- 208.

402. Prcumnus oLivaceus, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 7.

CAPITONIDZ.

403. Caprro PERUVIANUS (Cuv.), Régn. An. (1829), 1. p. 458.

Le Vail. Barb. p. 63. pl. 27. (Mus. Brit.)

404. Carrro ricHarpsont, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, pl. 106.

405. Carrro pourcrerRi (Mafr.), R. Z. 1845, p. 179; Rev. et

Mag. de Zool. 1849, p. 116. pl. 3.

406. Capito HARTLAUBI (Lafr.), R. Z. 1845, p. 180; Rev. et

Mag. de Zool. 1849, p. 176. pl. 6.

PsITTACID&.

407. ARA SEVERA (Linn.).

In Mr. 8. Steven’s Bogota collection.

408. Conurus wAGLeRt, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, pl. 102. (Mus.

Paris. )

409. Conurus CALLIPTERUS, Mass. R. Z. 1854, p.72. (Mus.

Paris. )

410. Psirrovrus rovi (Gm.)? (Mus. P. L. 8.)

411. Psrrracuna conspicituata, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 172.

(Mus. Paris et P. L.S.)

412. Evoprsirra AMAZONINA (Des Murs), R. Z. 1845, p. 207;

Icon. Orn. pl. 15; Bp. Tabl. d. Perr. p. 8.

413. Pronus cHaLcorpTervs (Fraser), P. Z.S. 1840, p. 59. Bp.

Att. Se. It. vi. p. 403.

414, Pionus seniLorpes (Mags.), R. Z. 1854, p. 73. Mus.

Paris.)

163

415. Pionus copattinus (Mass.), R. Z. 1854, p. 74.

Similis P. menstruo: an vere distinctus ?

CucuLip&.

416. CroropHaGa Ant (Linn.). Mus. Paris et P. L. S.

417. Piaya MEHLERI, Bp. Consp. p. 110.

418. Coccyzus LanGsBeRGI, Bp. Consp. p. 112.

CoLuMBz.

419. CHLORENAS ALBILINEA. Bp. Consp. ii. p. 51.

420. GroTryGon mystTacea (Temm.), Pig. pl. 56. Bp. Consp.

it. pe / 1

421. GrorryGoNn LingEARIs (Prevost).—Knip et Prev. Pig. pl. 55.

p- 104. Bp. Consp. ii. p. 71.

422, LepropriLa VERREAUXI, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 73r

423. CHAMPELIA GRANATINA, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 77—nonne

Ch. passierine foem. sive jr. ?

GALLINZ&.

424, Trnamus suuius, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 93. Hartlaub in Cab.

Journ. fir Orn. 1854, p. 410.

From Bogota and Ecuador.

425. PENELOPE PIPILE (Gm.).

I have examined a specimen of this bird contained in a collection

received from Bogota by Mr. S. Stevens.

426. EvpsycnHortyx Leucotis, Gould, Mon. Odont. pl. 10.

427, EupsycHORTYX PARVICRISTATUS, Gould, Mon. Odont.

pl. 12.

428. OpDONTOPHORUS MARMORATUS, Gould, Mon. Odont. Introd.

p- 22. :

GRALLZE.

429. VANELLUS CAYENNENSIS (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 836. (Mus.

PY. S:)

430. TigRIsoMA TIGRINUM (Gm.).

In Mr. S. Stevens’ Bogota collection.

431. Toranus MACRopPTERUs (Spix)? Av. Bras. ii. p. 76. pl. 92.

(Mus. P. L. 8.)

432. GLOTTIS MELANOLEUCA (Gm.).—T. vociferus, Wils. Am.

Orn, t. 58. fig. 5. (Mus. P. L.S.)

164

ANSERES.

433. MERGANETTA COLUMBIANA, Des Murs, R. Z. 1845, p.179;

Icon. Orn. pl. 6.

Is this bird distinct from M. armata?

434, RHYNCHASPIS CLYPEATA (Linn.).

Mr. Gould informs me that he has recently examined specimens

of this bird killed near Bogota. Its occurrence as far south as Nica-

ragua a already been noticed by Prince Bonaparte. (Notes Orn.

p- 94.

435. QUERQUEDULA CYANOPTERA (Vieill.).

This duck seems to extend from the most southern portions of the

South American continent into Texas and as far north as Louisiana :

see Cassin’s Illustrations, pt. 3. pl. 15. Ihave a female from Bogota,

and the MM. Verreaux have received examples of the same bird

from Santa Martha.

Total

NAC 5 en ee ER DS)

IPRSSELES cane einen sce 365

Scansores ...........-.-- 37

Columbe ..........-... 5

Gallinge' 5.05 ee bs os e¥ele ss 5

Struthiones ..... ...... 0

Gralloee ee ster eee eS re 4

ATIBETES Ee Satta ReND wes 3

2. On some New Species or BirpDs COLLECTED BY Mr.

M‘Gitiivray. By Jonun Govutn, F.R.S. etc.

In exhibiting a portion of the first collection of birds which has

been sent to this country by Mr. John M‘Gillivray, the naturalist

attached to H. M. surveying ship ‘ Herald,’ Captain Denham, I have

to remark, that it comprises several species of especial interest,

particularly some obtained on the Isle of Pines, and on Lord

Howe’s Island. It also comprises a new form among the Twr-

dide or Thrushes, from that isolated spot the island of Tristan

d’Acunha, which presents a union of the characters of the genera

Turdus, Chameza and Oreocincla. This new bird I propose to

characterize under the generic and specific appellations of Nesocichla

eremita. Among the birds from Lord Howe’s Island is a singular

species of Merula or Blackbird, nearly allied in form to, but very

different in colour from, the Merula nestor of Norfolk Island; to

this species the specific name of vinitincta is assigned. From the

same island are two distinct species of Zosterops, entirely new to

science. They differ from any other species of the’ genus which has

come under my notice, one of them being a very large bird for a

Zosterops, and the other a much smaller species, being nearly allied

to, but distinct from, the Australian Zosterops dorsalis: to these

165

two species I give the names of Z. strenuus and Z. tephropleurus.

A beautiful Parrakeet from Cape York, nearly allied to Platycer-

cus palliceps, 1 propose to name Platycercus cyanogenys. Among

the birds from the Isle of Pines is a very beautiful Pigeon, apper-

taining to the genus Ptilinopus. This bird, with several others

of even greater interest, I propose to make the subjects of a second

paper.

Genus NrsocicHta.

Bill strong, more powerful than in the genus Turdus; gonys

nearly straight, with a small notch near the tip in the upper man-

dible ; culmen gradually descending from the base; nostrils seated

in an oval depression at the base of the upper mandible ; wings short,

somewhat concave ; first primary very small; the third, fourth and

fifth equal and the longest ; tail rather shorter than in Turdus, and

the feathers rather pointed ; tarsi very strong, toes strong and much

lengthened, particularly the hinder one; front of the tarsi scutel-

lated ; under part entire.

This form differs from all others in the great family of the

hrushes, and appears to partake of the characters of the genera

urdus, Chameza, and Oreocincla.

NESOCICHLA EREMITA.

Head and all the upper surface, wings and tail dark sandy-brown,

with a darker shade in the centre of each feather, but the primaries

have paler edges, and the greater coverts and secondaries are tipped

with sandy buff; lores and cheeks rufous ; feathers of the under

surface deep buff at the base, with a lengthened pear-shaped mark

of brown down the apex of each feather, these marks being so large

and thickly placed as to give the whole a mottley appearance ; on

the throat these marks somewhat resemble striz ; thighs buff; bill

black ; tarsi reddish-brown, toes darker.

Total length, 83 inches; bill, 14; wing, 33; tail, 3; tarsi, 14.

Hab. The island of Tristan d’ Acunha.

Remark.—This bird is about the size of the common Song-thrush,

Turdus musicus, and similar to it in appearance; on examination,

however, it will be found to differ very considerably in structure.

MERULA VINITINCTA.

The male has the head and nape blackish-brown, upper surface

and wing-coverts reddish-brown ; wings brown margined with oliva-

ceous ; tail brown ; throat dark bluish grey ; under surface vinaceous

red; bill bright gamboge-yellow; eye-lash yellow; tarsi and toes

ellow.

Total length, 8 inches; bill, 1; wing, 43; tail, 33; tarsi, 14.

The female is very similar, but is of a somewhat paler tint, and

has only a trace of the black hood of the male.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island.

Remark. Of the same form, and somewhat allied to the Merula

nestor of the Norfolk Island.

166

ZOSTEROPS TEPHROPLEURUS.

Head and upper surface bright olive-green, with a wash of grey

across the shoulders ; wings and tail slaty brown, margined with

olive-green ; throat dull yellow; around the eyes a circle of white

feathers, below which is a mark of black; under surface pale vina-

ceous brown, becoming gradually paler on the lower part of the ab-

domen, and passing into the pale yellow of the under tail-coverts.

Total length, 4 inches; bill, 2; wing, 23; tail, 22; tarsi.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island.

Remark. This species is allied to Z. dorsalis, but is of a some-

what larger size, and is less richly coloured on the flanks.

ZOSTEROPS STRENUUS.

Head and upper surface bright olive-green, with a wash of dark

grey across the shoulders ; wings and tail slaty-brown, margined with

greenish olive ; eyes surrounded by the usual ring of white feathers,

beneath which is a narrow line of black ; chin and throat yellow;

flanks pale vinaceous ; centre of the abdomen neatly white ; under

tail coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet bluish black.

Total length, 5$ inches; bill, 1; wing, 23; tail, 2}; tarsi, 4.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island.

This is by far the largest species of the genus yet discovered.

PLATYCERCUS CYANOGENYS.

Crown of the head pale sulphur-yellow ; cheeks ceerulean blue ;

feathers of the nape, back and scapularies black, broadly margined

with sulphur-yellow, stained with green on the lower part of the

back ; rump and upper tail coverts greenish yellow, with an ex-

tremely narrow fringe of black at the tip of the feathers ; shoulder

and greater wing-coverts deep blue ; lesser coverts black, bordered

with deep blue ; primaries and secondaries blackish-brown, the basal

half of their external webs deep blue, the apical half pale blue ;

tertiaries black, broadly margined with greenish yellow; breast pale

greenish yellow, abdomen light greenish blue ; all the feathers of the

under surface slightly fringed with black ; under tail coverts scarlet,

narrowly margined with yellow ; two middle tail-feathers greenish

blue ; the next on each side blue, slightly tipped with pale blue; the

remainder blackish brown at the base of their internal webs, and

deep blue externally ; their apical portions being beautiful pale blue.

Total length, 13 inches ; wing, 63; tail, 7; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Cape York, north-east coast of Australia.

Remark. This species offers a very close alliance to Platycercus

palliceps, but differs in haying no trace of scarlet on the forehead, in

the green tinge of the borderings of the feathers’ of the back, in the

greenish yellow of the breast, and in having the cheeks blue instead

of light yellow.

167

3. Sur LE Genre GALEomma, Turton.

Par G. P. DesHayes.

Lorsque Turton institua le genre Galeomma une seule espéce ¢tait

connue, et c’est d’aprés elle que les caractéres génériques furent ¢ta-

blis: une seconde espéce, décrite par Lamarck sous le nom de Psam-

mobia aurantia, dut étre introduite dans le genre, lorsque nous en

eumes reconnue les véritables caractéres. Peut-étre est-ce aussi 4

coté d’elle que viendra se ranger le Psammobia vitrea de M. Quoy ;

il serait possible cependant que cette espéce appartint 4 notre genre

Scintilla. Quant a lespéce de M. Philippi, elle est également in-

certaine pour nous de sorte que le genre était borné 4 deux espéces

certaines et 4 deux espéces incertaines. On pouvait supposer d’aprés

cela que le genre Galeomma w était point destiné 4 s’enrichir beau-

coup ; aussi avons nous été bien surpris en examinant la magnifique

collection de M. Cuming, d’y rencontrer un grand nombre de Gale-

omma nouveaux. De cet examen résulte que le genre renferme

actuellement quatorze espéces, et qu’il devient nécessaire d’apporter

quelques modifications dans l’énoneé des caractéres génériques.

En effet la premiére espéce connue, le Galeomma Turtoni, Sow.,

a une charniére simple et sans dents, tandis que la plus grande partie

des espéces nouvelles ont cette partie accompagnée d’une charniére

articulée trés semblable 4 celle de notre genre Scintilla ; un peu

différente cependant, car ici les dents sont égales de chaque cdté de

la charniére et sur chaque valve ; par leur saillie elles contribuent 4

augmenter la profondeur de la fossette du ligament, sur le bord de

laquelle elles sélévent. Sous le rapport de la charniére, le genre

Galeomma pourrait se partager en deux sections; dans l’une les

espéces 4 charniére dentée seraient rangées, dans l’autre les espéces

édentules.

L’un des caractéres les plus remarquables des Galeomma consiste

dans cet énorme baillement du bord inférieure de la coquille. Que

Pon suppose une coquille ordinairement close coupée en deux d’avant

en arriére, et par cette ablation de la moitié inférieure elle offrira un

baillement comparable, 4 celui qui est naturel dans le Galeomma.

Cette particularité annonce chez l’animal qui construit une coquille

si singuliére, une organisation toute speciale, et c’est en effet ce que

observation a démontré. Dans la série des espices nouvelles de la

collection de M. Cuming ce caractére n’a pas montré une fixité ab-

solue ; une seule s’est rencontrée avec tous les caractéres du Gale-

omma Turtont, les autres ont le baillement en proportion plus étroit,

car lorsque l’on regarde la coquille du cété du baillement, on voit que

ouverture est plus étroite que la convexité ventrale ; dans quelques

espéces louverture devient plus étroite encore et plus courte que les

valves, et de cette maniére s’établit un passage insensible entre les

genres Scintilla et Galeomma. Aussi on doit se demander s’il y a

réellement une interruption entre les deux genres, et quel sera le

caractére qui devra dominer. Par la charnitre les deux genres se

touchent, ils se confondent aussi par le baillement des valves que l'on

voit grandir de la maniére la plus insensible.

168

Le premier Galeomma connu a offert 4 la surface extérieure, un

systéme d’ornementation particulier que nous avions supposé devoir

persister dans les autres espéces ; mais ce moyen de limiter le genre

nous échappe 4son tour. Si le plus grand nombre des espéces offrent

des caractéres analogues, il en est d’autres qui étant baillantes, sont

cependant lisses et brillantes comme les Seintilla. Ces derniéres

espéces appartiennent-elles au genre Scintilla? alors le caractére si

remarquable du baillement des valves perderait presque toute sa valeur

pour les Galeomma. Si au contraire on maintient dans le genre

toutes les espéces baillantes, en voici quelques unes qui, 4 part ce

caractére, sont de véritables Scintilla. Tl est difficile, comme on le

voit, de se décider entre ces deux maniéres d’envisager la question.

Cependant nous admettons dans le genre Galeomma toutes les co-

quilles baillantes inférieurement, et nous proposons de les partager

en trois sections de la maniére suivante :

A., Espéces & charniére articulée.

I. Espéces lisses et brillantes 4 ouverture médiocre : —

1. Galeomma ambigua.

2. ————— splendida.

3, ———— polita.

4. ———— Layard.

II. Espéces striées 4 ouverture plus grandes :-—

Be indecora.

6. —— argentea.

Zhe angusta.

8. —— paucistriata.

9. formosa.

10. chloroleuca.

11. —— inflata.

B. Espéces a charniére simple :—

12. ———— Macrochisma.

13, —— Turtont.

Je ne mentionne ici que les espéces qui me sont particuligrement

connues, et sur lesquelles j’ai pu faire une étude attentive.

1. GALEOMMA AMBIGUA, Desh. G. testa transversa, ovato-ob-

longa, turgidula, equilaterali, pallide albo griseo flavidula,

intus opaca, albicante, nitida, transversim substriata, minutis-

sime albo puncticulata, puncticulis depressis irregulariter sparsis

ad marginem inferiorem evanidis ; latere antico paulo angus-

tiore ; margine superiore angusto, recto, inferiore recto, paral-

lelo; margine inferiore hiante, hiatu lanceolato, angusto ; car-

dine sinistro inequaliter bidentato, dentibus parallelis ; dextro

bidentato, dentibus minutis subequalibus divaricatis; dente

posticali brevissimo, truncato, subquadrangulari.

Hab. Insula Ticaonica Philippinarum (Cuming); portus Essingto-

nensis (Jukes).

169

2. GALEOMMA SPLENDIDA, Desh. G. testa ovato-transversa,

angusta, depressa, subequilaterali, albo-lactea, pellucida, tenu-

issima, fragili, nitente ad apices vitrea, transversim irregulariter

striata et zonulis opacioribus notata ; latere antico paulo bre-

viori ; umbonibus minutissimis, obtusis, vix prominulis ; margine

superiore recto, inferiore hiante parallelo ; hiatu elongato, an-

gusto utrinque acuminato; cardine angusto, dentibus duobus

minutissimis, inequalibus in valvula sinistra ; dente posticali

subquadrangulari, brevi, obsoleto ; ligamento minutissimo.

Hab. Insula Burias Philippinarum.

Espéce appartenant aux Galeomma par le baillement des valves,

mais conservant la charnitre des Scintilla.

3. GaLteomna po.itTa, Desh. G. testa ovato-transversa, depressa,

subequilaterali, tenuissima, fragili, albo-pellucida, polita, ni-

tida, transversim substriata; latere antico paulo breviort cum

postico equaliter obtuso ; margine superiore recto inferiore pau-

lulum arcuato, parallelo, hiatu inferiore angusto ; cardine bi-

dentato in valvula sinistra ; dentibus minutissimis subequalibus,

dente posticali obsoleto ; ligamento minutissimo.

Hab. Insula Samar Philippinarum.

4. GateomMa Layarpti, Desh. G. testa elongato-transversa,

ovata, equilaterali, alba, translucida, zonulis angustis translu-

cidioribus interrupta, punctulis numerosissimis confusis notata;

latere antico paulo angustiore ; umbonibus minimis, obtusis,

brevibus non prominentibus ; margine superiore recto, inferiore

a@qualiter recto parallelo, hiatu magno in medio lato, fere totam

longitudinem marginis inferioris occupante; cardine utroque

latere unidentato; dentibus validis obtusis; dente posticali

lato.

Hab. Insula Ceylonica (Layard).

5. GALKOMMA INDECORA, Desh. G. testa elongato-transversa,

angusta, ectremitatibus obtusa, equilaterali, albo pallide fla-

vidula, convexiuscula, inferne late hiante, obsoletissima, longi-

tudinaliter striata; striis distantibus prominulis, angustissimis ;

umbonibus minimis, obtusis, brevibus, vie prominulis ; margine

superiore recto, inferiore parallelo ; latere antico paulo angus-

tiore et attenuato ; cardine angusto utroque latere unidentato ;

dentibus minutis subequalibus, obtusis ; ligamenti fossula bre-

vissima, angustissima.

Hab. Insula Masbate dicta.

6. GALEOMMA ARGENTEA, Desh. G. testa ovato-transversa, an-

gusta, compressiuscula, subequilaterali, tenut, pellucida, intus

nitidissima, albo-argentea margaritacea, extus alba, argutissime

striata, striis numerosis, angustis, prominulis, superioribus di-

varicatis ad marginem superiorem ascendentibus ; margine su-

No. CCXCV.—Proceepincs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

170

periore recto, inferrore convexiusculo ; latere antico paulo bre-

viore et angustiore ; cardine angusto utroque latere unidentato,

dentibus minimis subequalibus ; ligamento minutissimo, convexo.

Hab. Insula Boholensis Philippinarum.

7. GaLromma ANGustTA, Desh. G. testa oblongo-transversa, an-

gusta, turgidula, equilaterali, albo squalide flavidula, equaliter

eatremitatibus obtusa, longitudinaliter striata ; striis tenuibus,

aqualibus, continuis, minutissime granulosis, superioribus diva-

ricatis oblique ascendentibus ; margine superiore recto, inferiore

equaliter recto, parallelo ; hiatu inferiore lanceolato totam lon-

gitudinem teste occupante; cardine minimo, utroque latere

unidentato ; dente posticali minutissimo.

Hab. Insula Boholensis Philippinarum.

8. GaLEoMMA pPaAvctsTRIATA, Desh. G. testa elongato-trans-

versa, convextuscula, equilaterali, albo-lactea, translucida, lon-

gitudinaliter tenuissime striata, striis minimis obsoletis distan-

tibus, prominulis, ad marginem inferiorem brevioribus interjectis,

superioribus paululum undulatis, divaricatis, oblique ascendenti-

bus ; latere antico paulo angustiore, umbonibus minimis, acutis,

oppositis, vie prominentibus ; margine superiore atque inferiore

rectis, parallelis ; margine inferiore hiatu mediocri aperto ; car-

dine minutissimo, antice bidentato, dentibus obtusis obsoletis ;

dente postico oblongo, brevi.

Hab. Insula Samar Philippinarum.

9. GALEoMMA FoRMOSA, Desh. G. testa oblonga, ovato-transversa,

tumidula, inequilaterali, intus extusque aurantia, longitudina-

liter et tenuissime striata; striis superne evanidis, inferne dicho-

toms, distantibus, prominulis, capillaceis, superioribus divari-

catis, numerosioribus, ascendentibus ; margine superiore recto,

inferiore paulo arcuato, parallelo ; hiatu inferiore magno, lan-

ceolato ; latere antico paulo breviore et angustiore ; umbonibus

minutissimis, oppositis, vix prominulis ; cardine minimo, utroque

latere unidentato ; dentibus obtusis.

Hab. Australia septentrionalis (Jukes).

10. GALEOMMA CHLOROLEUCA, Desh. G. testa elongato-trans-

versa, ovato-angusta, tumida, equilaterali, chlorotina, tenui,

nitente, argutissime longitudinaliter striata; striis prominulis,

angustissimis, capillaceis irregulariter divisis et anastomosis con-

junctis, superioribus numerosioribus, divaricatis, oblique ascen-

dentibus ; margine inferiore recto, superiore parallelo ; margine

emferiore in senioribus concaviusculo ; cardine minimo, utroque

latere unidentato, dentibus equalibus, obtusis.

Hab. Insula Samar Philippinarum.

11. GaLEomMMA INFLATA, Desh. G. testa ovato-transversa, an-

gusta, turgida, subequilaterali, intus extusque pallide flavida,

tenut, opaca, utraque extremitate equaliter obtusa, sublevigata,

171

extremitatibus obsolete divaricatim striata, impresso-puncticu-

lata ; latere antico paulo longiore et angustiore ; margine su-

periore recto, inferiore excavato, late aperto, valide hiante; car-

dine utroque latere unidentato ; dentibus subequalibus obtusis

minutissimis ; ligamento exiguo.

Hab. Insula Masbate dicta.

12. GALEOMMA mMAcROocHISMA, Desh. G. testa ovato-trans-

versa, angusta, inflata, subequilaterah, pallide flava, striis nu-

merosis dichotomis, prominentibus longitudinalibus et trans-

versalibus minutis regulariter minutissime decussata ; striis

supertoribus utroque latere divaricatis et ascendentibus ; latere

postico paulo longiore, attenuato ; umbonibus minimis obtusis

oppositis; margine superiore recto, inferiore parallelo; hiatu

inferiore valvarum maximo totam basim teste occupante ; car-

dine edentulo ; ligamento brevi, minimo.

Hab. Insula Masbate dicta.

4. Sur te GENRE ScInTILLA. Par G. P. DesHayes.

Genus ScrnTiLxa, Desh.

Animal ignotum.

Testa ovato-transversa, utroque latere obtusa, aliquantisper paulo

hians, tumida, tenuis, nitidissime scintillans, epidermide destituta;

margine superiori sepius recto,inferiori parallelo; cardo angustus,

brevis, nunguam in medio emarginatus; in valvula dextra dens

cardinalis unicus, porrectus, uncinatus, in sinistra dentes duo in-

@quales approximati divaricati: internus major, dens lateralis in

latere postico, cardine approximatus, brevis, conicus vel subqua-

drangularis, in altera valvula in fossula dentis bifidi receptus ;

ligamentum internum, breve, latum, tenue, in sulco angusto obliquo

utriusque valvule affiza ; impressio pallii integra.

Le genre nouveau que nous proposons sous le nom de Seintilla

mérite d’attirer un moment l’attention des Conchyliologues. Peu

connu dans les collections nous l’avons trouvé d’une extraordinaire

richesse dans celle de M. Cuming comme le témoignent les 37

espéces dont nous donnons ici la description. Une seule peut-étre

a été connue de M. Quoy, et décrite par lui dans le voyage de

l Astrolabe sous le nom de Psammobia vitrea, nous conservons au

sujet de cette espéce des doutes légitimes parceque le savant natu-

raliste la caractérise par deux dents cardinales et un ligament exté-

rieur, tandis que dans notre nouveau genre cet organe est toujours

intérieur. Le doute au sujet‘de l’espéce de M. Quoy est d’autant

plus regrettable que ce naturaliste donne la figure et la description

de l’animal lequel se rapproche de celui des Galeomma et s’éloigne

considérablement de celui des véritables Psammopies. Quoique

172

nous eussions le soupcon que l’espéce de M. Quoy appartient 4 notre

nouveau genre, dans l’appréhension de commettre une erreur, nous

n’osons nous servir des précieux documents de ce naturaliste pour

compléter les caractéres du genre par ceux de l’animal.

Les coquilles du genre Scintilla ont une apparence particuliére qui

les distingue assez facilement de tous les autres genres connus; elles

ont de trés grands rapports d’un cété, avec les Erycines telles que

les a reconstituées M. Recluz, et d’un autre avec les Galeomma; elles

sont réellement intermédiaires entre ces deux groupes et les rattachent

a la méme famille. Toutes ces coquilles sont ovales transverses, ob-

longues, presque symmétriques tant elles sont équilatérales ; les Ery-

cines au contraire sont pour le plus grand nombre obrondes ou

ovalaires, mais inéquilatérales et obliques. La surface extérieure dans

les Scintilla est dépourvu d’épiderme ; elle est lisse et brillante, sou-

vent polie et sans stries; état particulier qui annonce dans |’animal

une organisation spéciale, qui lui permet de renverser les lobes de son

manteau sur la coquille et de lui conserver ce poli, ce brillant re-

marquables. Toutes ces coquilles, d’un médiocre volume, sont minces,

fragiles, transparentes, parfaitement équivalves; la plupart sont par-

faitement closes ; il en est d’autres qui sont un peu baillantes dans la

région dorsale en avant et en arriére de la charniére, d’autres enfin

plus rapprochées des Galeomma, chez lesquels se montre un baille-

ment étroit dans la longueur du bord inférieur; les crochets sont

petits, souvent aplatis, opposés et 4 peine saillants au dela du bord

cardinal. Nous avons remarqué dans un certain nombre d’espéces

un caractére extérieur que nous n’avons pas eu occasion jusqu ici de

rencontrer dans d’autres coquilles: il consiste en une multitude de

trés fines ponctuations trés nettes, déprimées, d’un blanc opaque sur

le test transparent, et souvent tellement rapprochées que la coquille

perd ainsi une grande partie de sa transparence.

Indépendamment des caractéres généraux et extéricures que nous

venons de rappeller, le genre est plus spécialement reconnaissable par

la structure de la charniére et les empreintes laissées par l’animal

dans l’intérieur des valves.

Le bord dorsal ou cardinal est le plus souvent droit, rarement une

peu arqué; une charniére trés petite, trés courte surtout, en occupe

le centre. Cette charniére constituée 4 peu prés comme celle des

Erycines, s’en distingue cependant par ce fait important, qu’elle

n’offre jamais cette échancrure plus ou moins large qui coincide avec

la position du ligament. Le bord cardinal dans les Sezntilla reste

droit, mince, étroit, souvent subcylindracé, d’autrefois plus aplati et

méme creusé d’une gouttiére en avant et en arriére de la charniére.

Les dents cardinales sont trés petites, une seule, rarement deux s’élé-

vent sur la valve droite; cette dent unique est ordinairement pyra-

midale, triangulaire un peu en crochet et pointue au sommet ; deux

dents trés inégales sur la valve gauche; elles sont comprimées, l’anté-

rieure la plus petite se projette obliquement vers le bord, l'autre plus

épaisse et plus saillante descend perpendiculairement, et occupe la

largeur du bord ; quelquefois les deux dents sont paralléles et laissent

entre elles un interval trés étroit, dans lequel se pose la dent de la

173

valve opposce. En arriére du ligament et tout prés de lui se nombre

une dent latérale postérieure, le ligament étant trés court ; cette dent

par le fait se trouve trés rapprochée des cardinales. La dent latérale

postérieure est peu variable : elle consiste sur la valve gauche en une

saillie courte, tronquée au sommet et tranchée perpendiculairement

en arriére, ce qui lui donne une forme quadrangulaire; dans quelques

espéces cette dent s’alonge un peu plus, et devint triangulaire; sur

la valve opposée, la dent est bifurquée, et c’est dans la trés petite

fossette, qui résulte de la bifurcation que s’interpose la dent de la

valve gauche.

Le ligament occupe un trés court espace entre les deux parties de

la charniére; il est aplati, sans saillie &’intérieure; il s’insére non dans

tout l’espace que laissent les dents cardinales et latérales postérieur,

mais seulement dans une petite rainure trés étroite, oblique d’avant,

en arritre et de haut, en bas un peu comparable 4 la fossette des

ostéodesmes ou des Lyonsia, mais sans aucune trace d’osselet cardi-

nal. Ce ligament devient parfois tellement exigue qu’il se rapproche

alors de celui des Galeomma. Nous avons recherché s’il n’y aurait

pas quelque trace d’un ligament extérieur ; nous avons trouvé entre

les crochets une trés mince pellicule epidermique, qui s’étend d’une

valve 4 autre, mais qui ne parait jouir d’aucune des proprictés

du ligament externe, car elle se brise au moindre mouvement des

valves, et il n’y a aucune trace de Nymphes pour son insertion.

L’intérieur des valves étant souvent aussi brillant que |’extérieur,

et les coquilles étant au reste trés minces et transparentes, on apper-

coit difficilement les impressions des muscles et du manteau, cepen-

dant on peut étudier ces parties dans des individus plus épais et

plus opaques. Les impressions musculaires sont peu variables ; elles

sont située dans la région dorsale, et rentrées en avant dans l’inté-

rieur des valves ; elles sont égales, ou presque égales; le plus sou-

vent circulaires, quelquefois un peu subquadrangulaires, la postérieure

surtout. L’impression palléale est simple; elle est située proche du

bord, et le suit parallélement dans son contour; rarement elle forme

une ligne simple et étroite ; le plus ordinairement elle est large et

presque diffuse du cété interne.

La coloration dans le genre Scintilla tel qu’il est aujourd’ hui

connu, est peu variable; la plupart des espéces sont d’une blanc

laiteux translucide, ou d’un corné vitreux, parfaitement transparent;

peu-d-peu la couleur cornée devient plus intense passe au jaune blond

ou fauve, transparent, et 4 lorange pale; dans un petit nombre

d’espéces la coloration est d’une rose pourpré d’une trés agréable

nuance.

1. Scintrtua Cumineut, Desh. S. testa magna, ovato-transversa,

@quilaterali, symmetrica, convexiuscula, solidula, candidissima,

opaca, inequaliter striato-rugosa, antice, postice atque ad mar-

ginem inferiorem minutissime punctato-granulosa utroque latere

superne equaliter declivi extremitatibus obtusa in margine infe-

riore tenue et irregulariter denticulata ; umbonibus parvis tumidis,

oppositis vir prominentibus ; lamina cardinali lata, dente cardinali

174

compresso, elongato in utraque valva, posticali approximato tri-

gonali, abrupte resuto ; cicatricula ligamenti angusta, obliqua, brevi.

Hab. Ad littora Panamensia.

Le nom de M. Cuming se retrouve dans presque tous les genres

des Mollusques; cela prouve a la fois la reconnaissance des naturalistes

et la grandeur des services qu’il a rendus 4 la science.

2. Scrntrtta JuKest, Desh. SS. testa magna, ovato-transversa,

equilaterali, subsymmetrica, depressiuscula, utroque latere obtusa

subtruncata, paululo hiante, candidissima, hyalina transversim ob-

solete striata, nitidissima; margine inferiore recto, inferiore leviter

convexo, parallelo; cardine angustissimo, subedentulo, dentibus

minutis, obsoletis ; fossula ligamenti angusta, profunda ; liga-

mento cavitate valvarum convexo, prominente.

Hab. Portus Essingtonensis (Jukes).

3. ScinTiILLA Cuviert, Desh. S. testa ovato-subrotunda, tur-

gidula, subequilaterali, tenui, polita, nitidissima, pallide luteo-

flavicante, pellucida transversim irregulariter striata; latere an-

tico paulo breviore, obtuso, superne declivi ; latere postico latiore

dilatato ; umbonibus minimis, acutis, oppositis vix prominulis ;

margine cardinali regulariter arcuato, intus lato et utroque latere

canaliculato ; dentibus cardinalibus in valvula sinistra duobus in-

@qualibus approximatis antico minore, in valvula altera dente unico

obsoleto; dente posticali brevissimo approximato.

Hab. Baclayon in insula Boholensi Philippinarum.

4, ScINTILLA TrmoRiENSIS, Desh. S. testa late ovata, trans-

versa, subequilaterali, subsymmetrica, depressa, pallide luteo-ci-

trina, solidula, translucida, polita, nitidissima, obsolete striata,

latere antico paulo breviore, postico latiore, equaliter obtusis pau-

lulum hiantibus ; umbonibus minimis aculis, viv prominentibus ;

margine cardinali recto, satis lato ; dentibus cardinalibus minutis,

inequalibus, angustis, obliquis, posticali obsoleto, fossula ligamenti

brevi, lata; cicatriculis muscularibus minimis orbicularibus in

parte superiore valvarum.

Hab. Insula Timoriensis.

5. ScinTILLA soLiDULA, Desh. S. testa ovata, compressiuscula,

subequilaterali, symmetrica, polita, nitida, translucida, transver-

sim obsolete striata, albo pallide lutescente vel corneola, superne

utroque latere equaliter arcuata, extremitatibus obtusa, inferne

recta ; valvulis solidiusculis intus iridescentibus ; cardine crassulo

dentibus cardinalibus duobus in valvula sinistra obtusis, valde

inequalibus, antico acuto minore in valvula dextra unico, obliquo,

conico; posticali brevissimo cardine approximato ; fossula liga-

menti minima, angusta, brevissima.

Hab. Tamar, insula Bohol Philippinarum.

6. ScintiLxa ovuLINA, Desh. 8S. testa ovato-transversa, inflata,

solida, incrassata, subequilaterali, alba vel pallide flavescente,

175

nitida, polita substriatave, opaca; latere antico paulo breviore et

angustiore ; umbonibus parvis, obtusis, vix prominulis ; margine

cardinali arcuato, inferiore recto; cardine incrassato; dentibus

duobus in valvula sinistra valde inequalibus, mediano maximo ; dente

posticali. crasso, brevissimo, cardine approximato ; fossula liga-

menti brevissima angusta.

Hab. Basay, insula Samar Philippinarum.

7. ScinTILLA TURGESCENS, Desh. S. testa ovato-subtrigonali,

tumida, turgida, inequilaterali, crassa, solida, alba, opaca, nitente,

obsolete transversim striata ; latere antico paulo breviore, obtuso ;

margine superiore utroque latere arcuato, inferiore recto ; umboni-

bus prominulis, obtusis, oppositis ; cardine incrassato lato, in

medio profunde emarginato ; dentibus cardinalibus in valvula si-

nistra inequalibus in altera dente unico crasso obtuso, dente posti-

cali crasso, brevi, obliquo ; fossula brevissima, profunda.

Hab. Sinus Moretonensis.

8. ScrntILLa TuRGIDA, Desh. —S. testa ovato-transversa, tur-

gida, equilaterali, subsymmetrica utroque latere obtusa, antice

hiante, hiatu brevi lanceolato, candidissima, incrassata, opaca,

nitidissima ; latere antico paulo angustiore ; umbonibus minimis,

obtusis, brevibus ; margine inferiore superioreque rectis et fere

parallelis ; cardine crassato, subedentulo, dentibus obsoletis ; liga-

mento minutissimo, brevi.

Var. 5. Testa minore, crassiore, dentibus cardinalibus paulo ma-

joribus.

Hab. Basay, in insula Samar Philippinarum.

9. SCINTILLA SCINTILLANS, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa,

convexiuscula, solidula, subequilaterali, nitida, polita, sub epider-

mide tenui, pallide glaucescente alba, in medio spatio triangulari

vitreo notata; umbonibus minimis acutis, brevibus, viv promi-

nentibus ; margine superiore leviter arcuato, inferiore rectius-

culo ; cardine crassulo, angusto, dentibus cardinalibus in valva

sinistra subequalibus, posticali brevi, compresso, postice truncato,

apice obtuso.

Hab. Ynsula Bohol Philippinarum.

10. Scrntitua crocea, Desh. S. testa ovata, compressa, inequi-

laterali, eleganter crocea, nitida, pellucida, fragili, polita, zonulis

pellucidioribus interrupta; latere antico paulo breviori et angus-

tiort, postico dilatato; margine superiore atque inferiore rectis,

parallelis ; umbonibus minutis acutis, vie prominentibus; cardine

lato, brevi, dentibus cardinalibus approvimatis inequalibus, posti-

cali fere nullo ; fossula ligamenti brevissima.

Hab. Insula Negros Philippinarum.

11. Scrntrnua FLavipa, Desh. S. testa lata, ovato-transversa,

depressa, subequilaterali, symmetrica, utroque latere equaliter ob-

tusa, paulo hiante, tenui, fragili, nitidissima, transversim obsolete

et satis regulariter striata, corneo-flavescente, translucida ; um-

176

bonibus minimis, acutis, vix prominulis, oppositis ; cardine an-

gusto, solidulo, brevi; dente cardinali unico in utraque valva ;

dente posticali compresso valde approximato ; fossula ligamenti

angusta, brevissima.

Hab. Basay, insula Samar Philippinarum.

12. Scint1LuA ReEeEve1, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, sub-

equilaterali, subsymmetrica, depressiuscula, albo flavidula trans-

lucida, irregulariter transversim obsolete striata, nitente, utroque

latere e@qualiter obtusa, parum hiante ; umbonibus brevibus, ob-

tusis, vix prominentibus; margine cardinali recto inferiori

equaliter recto, parallelo; cardine lato in valvula sinistra in-

equaliter bidentato ; dente mediano majore compresso, in valvula

dextra bidentato dente antico majore, dente postico brevissimo,

abrupte truncato, in valvula deatra bifido.

Hab. Bais, in insula Negros Philippinarum.

13. SciInTILLA TENUIS, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, de-

pressa, inequilaterali, albo-translucida, tenuissima, fragili, trans-

versim tenue striata; latere antico breviori, angustiori obtuso,

postico superne dilatato, paulo hiante ; umbonibus minimis, obli-

quis acutis ; cardine angusto bidentato, altero unidentato ; dentibus

minimis inequalibus, obsoletis, posticali brevi, truncato, compresso.

Hab. Basay, insula Samar Philippinarum.

14. ScINTILLA PHILIPPINENSIS, Desh. 8S. testa ovato-trans-

versa, compressa, equilaterali, subsymmetrica, alba pallidissime

flavicante, tenui, fragili, transversim inequaliter striata, nitente ;

margine superiore inferioreque rectis parallelis ; umbonibus mini-

mis, brevibus obtusis, oppositis ; cardine solidulo, latiusculo, den-

tibus cardinalibus, minimis, laterali postico brevi, approximato,

truncato ; margine cardinali utroque latere canaliculato.

Hab. Insula Zebuensis Philippinarum.

15. ScinTILLA sTRIATINA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, com-

pressa, subequilateruli, tenuissima, fragili, albo pellucida nitente,

transversim tenue et regulariter striata; latere antico paulo bre-

viore et angustiore; umbonibus minimis, acutis, brevibus, vir pro-

minulis ; margine superiore leviter arcuato, inferiore fere recto ;

margine cardinali angusto, utroque latere cardinis anguste canali-

culato ; dentibus minimis, inequalibus, postico oblongo, compresso,

triangulari.

Hab. Insula Bohol Philippinarum.

16. Scrnritua succineEA, Desh. S. testa late ovata, tumidula,

solida, inequilaterali, polita, nitida, obsolete striata, succinea,

translucida, intus albo leviter velata ; latere antico paulo breviori

et angustiore, umbonibus minimis obtusis, oppositis; margine

superiore brevi, subrecto, inferiore parallelo; cardine crassulo,

bidentato, dentibus inequalibus, posticali fere nullo; cicatriculis

muscularibus minimis circularibus.

Hab. Baclayon in insula Boholensi Philippinarum.

177

17. ScrntiLua canpipa, Desh. S. testa regulariter ovata, trans-

versa, subequilaterali, subsymmetrica, candidissima, transversim

obsolete striata; striis irregularibus nitida, utroque latere equa-

liter lata et obtusa ; latere antico paulo breviore; margine cardinali

atque inferiori parum arcuatis, parallelis ; umbonibus parvulis,

acutis vie prominentibus ; cardine angusto; dentibus cardinali-

bus duobus in valvula sinistra subequalibus ; dente posticali elon-

gato, angustissimo, fossula ligamenti brevissima.

Hab. Yn insula Burias atque Boholensi Philippinarum.

18. ScrinTILLA PELLICULA, Desh. S. testa ovato-subrotunda,

depressa, subaquilaterali, tenuissima, pellucida, vitrea, fragili, ni-

tidissima, transversim undato-plicata; plicis latis, undulatis in

medio evanescentibus ; latere antico paulo breviori, angustiori, ob-

tuso; margine cardinali angustissimo quasi edentulo ; dente car-

dinali unico in valvula dextra, in altera dentibus nullis, dente pos-

ticali elongato, obsoleto; fossula ligamenti brevissima, angustis-

sima.

Hab. Insula Boholensis Philippinarum.

19. ScrnTILLA HyDATINA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, com-

pressa, equilaterali, tenuissima, pellucida, vitrea pallidissima

flavicante polita, nitente, utroque latere equaliter obtusa ; um-

bonibus minimis, non prominentibus oppositis; margine cardi-

nali in medio angustissimo, lateraliter latiore, planulato ; dentibus

duobus in valvula sinistra minutis subequalibus ; dente posticali

brevi compresso, subquadrangulari.

Hab. Baclayon in insula Boholensi Philippinarum.

20. SCINTILLA CRYSTALLINA, Desh. S. testa minima, ovato-

transversa, depressiuscula, inequilaterali, tenuissima, nitidissima,

corneo-vitrea, polita, nitente, parum obliqua; latere antico paulo

breviore atque postico superne utroque latere cardinibus dilatatis ;

umbonibus minimis, angustis, acutis, obliquis ; cardine lato, denti-

bus in valvula sinistra, unico in valvula dextra, dente posticali elon-

gato, angustato, fossula brevissima.

Hab. Cacagsu in insula Mindanao Philippinarum.

21. ScrnTILLA OPALINA, Desh. S. testa ovato-rotundata, trans-

versa, compressiuscula, subequilaterali, tenuissima, hyalina, fragili,

pallide lutescente, polita, nitente, ad margines substriata, ad apices

levigatissima, latere antico paulo breviore, posteriore tantisper acu-

minato ; cardine angustissimo, in utraque valva unidentato, denti-

bus minimis posterioribus vix perspicuis ; fossula ligamenti per-

angusta, lineari, brevi ; umbonibus parvis, viv prominentibus.

Hab. Insula Luzon Philippinarum.

22. SCINTILLA viITREA, Desh. S. testa suborbiculari, valde de-

pressa, subequilaterali, tenuissima, fragili, pellucida vitrea niti-

dissima, pallide flavidula, transversim minute striata ; latere an-

tico paulo breviore superne declivi, postico paulo latiore ; margine

superiore arcuato paululum obliquo ; cardinali margine ad extre-

178

mitates latiore, dentibus cardinalibus duobus inequalibus in utraque

valva, dente postico brevissimo ; fossula ligamenti brevi angusta.

An Erycina Cuvieri, var. junior?

Unicum specimen vidi.

Hab. Ynsula Burias Philippinarum.

23. ScINTILLA HYDROPHANA, Desh. S. testa regulariter ellip-

tica, transversa, subequilaterali, compressa, tenui, pellucida,

hyalina, corneo-pallide flavescente, subsymmetrica, equaliter extre-

mitatibus obtusa, paulo hiante ; latere antico paulo breviore; um-

bonibus minimis, acutis, oppositis, brevibus ; margine cardinali fere

recto, inferiori rectiusculo parallelo ; cardine angusto in utraque

valva bidentato ; dentibus inequalibus angustis minutissimis ; dente

postitali brevissimo, acuto.

Hab. Zambalis, in insula Luzonica Philippinarum.

24. Scintryxa puprica, Desh. _ S. testa ovato-transversa, turgidula,

oblonga, inequilaterali, roseo-purpurascente intus extusque equa-

liter picta, nitidissima, irregulariter transversim striata, ad apices

minutissime albo puncticulata ; puncticulis depressis, irregulariter

sparsis ; latere antico breviori, obtuso ; umbonibus minimis, acutis,

oppositis ; margine superiore leviter convexo, inferiore recto;

cardine angusto in utraque valva inequaliter bidentato; dentibus

parallelis ; dente posticali brevi, truncato, subquadrangulari.

Hab. Insula Zebuensis Philippinarum.

25. ScinTILLA ROSEA, Desh. S. testa ovato-oblonga, transversa,

turgidula, subequilaterali, rosea, ad margines intusque albescente,

solidula, nitidissima, transversim irregulariter striata, sub lente

longitudinaliter obsolete striolata; latere antico breviore et an-

gustiore obtuso, postico latiore ; umbonibus minimis, obtusis, op-

* positis ; margine superiore tantisper convexiusculo, inferiore recto ;

cardine angusto, in utraque valva bidentato ; dentibus minimis in-

equalibus divaricatis ; dente postico brevi, plano, truncato, sub-

quadrangulari.

Hab. Zambalis, in insula Luzonica Philippinarum.

26. Scintinua Recuuziana, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa,

angusta, turgidula, inequilaterali, tenui, fragili, pallide purpurea,

hyalina, nitida, transversim irregulariter leviter striata, puncticulis

minutissimis, depressis, irregulariter adspersa ; latere antico bre-

viort et angustiori, postico equaliter obtuso ; umbonibus minimis,

obtusis, vie prominentibus ; cardine angusto, in valvula sinistra

unidentato, altero edentulo ; dente posticali obsoleto.

Haé. Australia septentrionalis.

27. SCINTILLA PALLIDULA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, ob-

longa, turgidula, equilaterali, symmetrica, crassa, solida, albo

pallide flavescente, apicibus pallide aurantiaca, nitida, irregulariter

transversim substriata, irregulariter punctulis depressis minutis-

simis adspersa ; umbonibus minimis, approximatis, acutis, oppo-

179

sitis ; margine superiore atque inferiore leviter convexis, paral-

lelis, valvulis intus nitidis, pallide aurantiacis ; cardine angusto,

utraque valva inequaliter bidentato ; dente posticalit brevissimo,

truncato, subquadrangulari.

Hab. Insula Zebuensis Philippinarum.

28. ScintrtuA Forsesi, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, soli-

dula, equilaterali, subsymmetrica, extremitatibus equaliter obtusa,

intus extusque pallide flavescente, nitida, hyalina, transversim ob-

solete striata, densissime et minutissime albo punctulata ; punctis

irregulariter sparsis depressis; margine superiore et inferiore

rectis, parallelis ; cardine crassiusculo, bidentato, altero uniden-

tato, dentibus duobus subequalibus acutis minimis ; dente posticali

brevissimo in valvula sinistra bifurcato ; fossula ligamenti minima,

angusta.

Hab. Insula Borneo.

A la mémoire de Ed. Forbes, ?un des plus éminents naturalistes

de la Grande Bretagne, et dont la science pieurera longtems la perte

A jamais regrettable.

299. ScINTILLA AURANTIACA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa,

turgida, subcylindracea, angusta, inequilaterali, pallide aurantiaca,

nitida, tenui, hyalina, substriata, punctulis minutissimis distan-

tibus, albis, irregulariter sparsis, depressis, ornatis, ad marginem

inferiorem ovoideis ; latere antico paulo breviore et angustiore ;

umbonibus minimis magis concoloribus ; margine superiore pa-

rum obliquo, recto, inferiore leviter convexo, subparallelo ; car-

dine angusto; dentibus duobus inequalissimis in valvula sinistra,

unico validiore conico, in altera; dente posticali brevissimo, approz-

imato, conico.

Hab. Australia septentrionalis.

30. Scrntrtua Apamst, Desh. S. testa elongato-transversa, ovata,

equilaterali, inflata, tenui, pellucida, pallide luteo-flava, nitidissima,

transversim obsolete striata, albo punctatissima, punctulis albis

depressis, minutissimis, irregulariter sparsis ; umbonibus mini-

mis, obtusis, oppositis, vix prominentibus ; margine cardinali

crassiusculo, recto, inferiori recto, parum obliquo ; dentibus in

valvula sinistra duobus inequalissimis, obliquis; in valvula dextra

dentibus duobus subequalibus ; dente posticali punctato, brevi sub-

quadrangulari ; latere antico paulo angustiore.

Hab. Insula Boholensis Philippinarum.

A M. Arthur Adams, le savant auteur du Genera des Mollusques

Vivants, des Mollusques du Samarang, &c.

31. Scrntitza Owent, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, tur-

gida, equilaterali, subsymmetrica, tenuissima corneo-alba, hyalina

vitrea, zonulis angustis opacioribus ad margines notata, nitidissima ;

lateribus equaliter obtusis ; umbonibus obtusis, brevissimis, oppo-

sitis, viv prominentibus ; margine superiore recto, angusto, inferiort

parallelo ; cardine brevi, dentibus minimis duobus inequalissimis,

160

in valvula sinistra; dente posticali minimo brevi, subquadran-

gulari.

Hab. Insula Zebuensis Philippinarum.

En attachant a cette espéce le nom de M. Richard Owen, le plus

grand zoologiste de empire Britannique, j'aime a rappeler ses titres

4 l’admiration du monde savant.

32. ScrnTituA Hanueyi, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, satis

lata, depressiuscula, subequilaterali, albo-hyalina, ad apices vitrea,

tenuissima, fragili, nitidissima, transversim obsolete striata, leviter

undulata ; latere antico paulo breviori obtuso atque posticali paulo

hiantibus ; margine superiore leviter arcuato, utroque latere car-

dinis extus dilatato, intus subcanaliculato ; cardine brevissimo in

valvula sinistra bidentato ; dentibus subequalibus, approximatis ;

dente posticali brevissimo, apice truncato.

Hab. Insula Zebuensis Philippinarum.

Nous attachons avec plaisir a cette espéce le nom de M. Hanley,

savant Conchyliologiste, auquel la Grande Bretagne doit la plus grande

partie du meilleur et du plus complet des ouvrages sur les Mollusques

des mers Britanniques.

33. ScINTILLA PORULOSA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, an-

gusta, turgidula, subequilaterali, tenui, nitida, alba subhyalina,

transversim obsolete striata, puncticulis minutissimis, albis, de-

pressis, numerosissimis irregulariter sparsis adspersa, quasi poru-

losa ; margine superiore angusto, recto, inferiori parallelo ; car-

dine brevi inequaliter bidentato, altero unidentato ; dentibus minu-

tis ; dente posticali brevissimo, obsoleto.

Hab. Insula Boholensis Philippinarum.

34. ScinTILLA HYALINA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, de-

pressiuscula, subequilaterali, tenui, pellucida, corneo-vitrea, alba,

pallidissime flavidula, nitida, transversim substriata ; latere an-

tico paulo breviori, paulo obliquato, antice superque late hiante ;

umbonibus parvulis, brevissimis, acutis, vix prominulis ; margine

superiore in medio recto, extremitatibus arcuato, inferiore con-

vexiusculo, superior: parallelo ; cardine lato, dente uncinato, acuto,

in utraque valva ; dente posticali brevi, trigonali, obtuso, altero

bifido.

Hab. Insule Torres dicte.

35. ScintrLua FABA, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, turgida,

in medio subcylindracea, inequilaterali, candidissima, nitida, tenui,

translucida, irregulariter transversim striata, punctatissima ;

punctulis minutissimis, depressis, irregulariter sparsis, ad margi-

nem inferiorem evanidis ; latere antico paulo breviore et angus-

tiore ; umbonibus tumidulis obtusis, brevibus oppositis ; margine

superiore recto paululum obliquo, inferiore angustissime hiante,

recto; cardine altero inequaliter bidentato, altero unidentato,

dentibus acutis, prominentibus ; dente posticali brevissimo, apice

truncato, prominente.

Hab. ? Coll. Cuming.

181

36. ScinTILLA STRANGE!, Desh. S. testa ovato-transversa, tur-

gidula, equilaterali, tenuissima, hyalina, alba, ad apices subvitrea,

polita, nitidissima, superne utroque latere hiante, extremitatibus

equaliter obtusa; umbonibus minimis, brevissimis, obtusis, oppo-

sitis non prominulis ; margine superiore recto, inferiore paululum

convexo, parallelo ; cardine angusto, dente unico, obtuso, obsoleto,

in utraque valva; dente posticalt brevissimo, obsoleto ; ligamento

minutissimo.

Hab. Sinus Moretonensis (Strange).

37. ScINTILLA ANOMALA, Desh. S. testa ovato-subquadrangu-

lari, transversa, equilateral, symmetrica, depressa, alba, pellucida,

tenui, fragili, nitida, in medio translucidiore, superne sub lente mi-

nutissime puncticulata, ad marginem superiorem striis divaricatis

minutis ornata; margine superiore atque inferiore rectis, paral-

lelis; latere antico subtruncato ; umbonibus minimis acutis viv pro-

minentibus; cardine angusto extremitatibus dilatato; dentibus car-

dinalibus obsoletis, postico dente nullo ; cicatricula musculari pos-

tica bipartita.

Hab. Insula Samar Philippinarum.

Cette espéce est sur la limite des Scintilla et pourrait bien appar-

tenir au genre Lepton; cependant elle en différe par la charniére, @

laquelle on ne trouve pas les dents longues et divergentes telles

quelles sont représentées par MM. Forbes et Hanley dans leur ou-

vrage sur les Mollusques des mers Britanniques.

5. Descriptions pe Novveues Esreces pv Genre Erycina.

Par G. P. DEsHAYES.

1. Erycina rotunpa, Desh. £. testa orbiculato-tumida,

subcordiformi, fere equilateral, transversim substriata, albo

griseola, iridescente, nitente, tenut, translucida, latere antico

paulo breviore ; umbonibus minimis, parum obliquis ; cardine

angusto, dentibus cardinalibus minimis, inequalibus antico com-

presso, prominentiori acuto; in valvula dextra dente unico

uncinato, acuto, lateraliter compresso, dente postico brevi,

trigonali, acuto; fossula ligamenti angusta, obliqua, profunda.

Hab. Sinus Moretonensis (Strange).

2. Erycina Cycraprrormis, Desh. LE. testa ovato-subrotunda,

tumida, inequilaterali, levigata, nitida, epidermide griseo

glaucescente tenui vestita, iridescente, transversim tenue et

irregulariter striata ; latere antico breviort obtuso ; valvulis

tenuibus translucentibus; cardine angustissimo ; dentibus cardi-

nalibus duobus in valvula sinistra, minutis, profunde basi dis-

junctis inequalibus, laterali postico remoto; impressione mus-

culari antica circulari minima, postica ovali cum impressione

pallii continua.

Erycina Cycladiformis, Desh. Trait. élém. pl. 11. fig. 6 a9.

Hab. Le nord de la Nouvelle Hollande (Jukes) ; la Nouvelle Zélande

(Quoy).

182

3. Erycrna DENTICULATA, Desh. J. testa ovato-trigonali, do-

naciformi, valde inequilaterali, antice oblique truncata, polita,

nitidissima, nec striata, albo-griseo-flavescente, crassa, solida ;

latere antico brevi, obtuse truncato; margine superiore angulato,

inferiore recto, intus tenue et regulariter denticulato ; cardine

incrassato, dentibus duobus in valvula sinistra inequalibus

crassis, divaricatis ; interno maore; in valvula dextra dente

unico pyramidali, acuto, uncinato; dente posticali magno, brevi,

crasso, triangulart, apice obtuso ; ligamento brevissimo.

Hab. Insula Borneo dicta.

4. Erycina BULLULA, Desh. L. testa minima, suborbiculari, inflata,

subaquilaterali, alba, translucida, epidermide tenuissimo griseo

vestita, transversim inequaliter striata; umbonibus prominulis,

acutis; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, crassis, in valvula sinistra

duobus inequalibus ; antico maore, laterali postico brevi, tri-

angulari, intus producto ; fossula brevi, angustissima; valvulis

crassiusculis, intus lacteis.

Var. (3. Testa crassiore, solidula, albo-opaca, cardinalibus dentibus

solidioribus.

Hab. Insule Philippinenses.

5. Erycrna parva, Desh. £. testa minima, orbiculari, subequi-

laterali, turgidula, tenuissima, nitida, polita, corneo-alba, pel-

lucida, inequaliter substriata ; latere postico paulo longiore,

latiore, dilatato ; cardine angusto, dentibus cardinalibus mi-

nutis, inequalibus subdivergentibus, dente postico fere acuto ;

Jossula brevi, angustissima; cicatriculis muscularibus equalibus

circularibus.

Hab. Basay, in insula Luzon.

6. Erycrna Zesuensis, Desh. LL. testa ovato-suborbiculari,

obliqua, inequilaterali, tenui, fragili, tumidula, albo-lactea,

translucida, obsolete striata, polita, nitente ; umbonibus minimis,

obtusis ; cardine arcuato, angusto, dentibus duobus in valvula

sinistra minutissimis; dente posticali remoto, elongato; fossula

ligamenti angustissima, elongata.

Hab. Sebinga in insula Zebuensi Philippinarum.

7. Erycina GutTtutaA, Desh. #. testa ovato-suborbiculari,

obliqua, inequilaterali, depressiuscula, albo-pellucida, zonulis

lacteis intersecta, fragili, tenuissima, polita, nitente; latere an-

tico breviore, angustiore ; umbonibus obliquis, porrectis, acutis,

via prominulis ; cardine arcuato, angustissimo, subedentulo ;

dentibus cardinalibus minutissimis obsoletis, postico nullo ; fos-

sula ligamenti angusta.

Hab. Insula Burias Philippmarum.

8. ErycinA macroponta, Desh. JZ. testa rotundato-inflata,

obliqua, inequilaterali, inequaliter striata, albo lactescente,

zonulis transversis pellucidis interrupta; umbonibus oblique

prominentibus, acutis; latere antico brevi, obtuso; cardine

183

incrassato, dentibus cardinalibus in valvula sinistra duobus sub-

@qualibus, antico uncinato, in valvuladextra dente unico, maximo,

' triangulari, compresso ; dente posticali brevi acuto, triangulari ;

eicatriculis muscularibus minimis, equalibus, circularibus.

Hab. Basay, in insula Luzon.

9. Erycina Grata, Desh. ZL. testa ovata, tumidula, parum ob-

liqua, inequilaterali, tenui, pellucida, alba, zonulis pellucidiori-

bus interrupta, exillime sub lente puncticulata, puncticulis nu-

merosissimis subreticulata; dentibus cardinalibus minimis viz

perspicuis inequalibus, acutis, dente laterali postico elongato

valde remoto; fossula ligamenti lineart, elongata; margine in-

Seriore valvularum obsolete undulato.

Hab. Ynsula Samar Philippinarum.

10. Erycrna pAPyRACEA, Desh. JL. testa late ovata, transversa,

depressiuscula, subequilaterali, tenuissima, fragili, albo-lactea,

translucida, sub lente striis obliquis minutissimis subgranosis

clathrata, textillosa ; latere antico superne declivi, breviori, ob-

tuso, postico acuto, latiore ; umbonibus parum obliquis, obtusis,

non prominentibus margine cardinali arcuato, tenuissimo, uni-

dentato,in valvula dextra bidentato, i in sixistra dentibus minimis

angustis equalibus, posticali minimo, brevi, triangulari, acuto ;

ligamento elongato, angustissimo.

Hab. Columbia occidentalis.

11. Erycrna Austrauis, Desh. JZ. testa ovato-transversa, tu-

midula, inequilaterali, candide lactea, translucida, tenui, fragili,

nitidissima, obsolete transversim striata ; latere antico brevi,

obtuso, subtruncato ; latere postico superne declivi, ad extremi-

tatem obtuse angustato; margine superiore recto, inferiore

e@qualiter recto, parallelo ; cardine angustissimo; in valvula

sinistra dentibus duobus minimis inequalissimis, in deatra dente

validiore, uncinato ; dente posticali elongato, triangulari.

Hab. Australia septentrionalis.

12. Erycrna pupia, Desh. HH. testa ovato-transversa, tumidula,

oblique inequilaterali, tenui, pellucida, fragili, alba nitida

transversim tenue striata; latere antico brevi, obtuso, paulo an-

gustiore, postico duplo majori ; umbonibus brevissimis, acutis,

obliquis vie prominentibus ; margine cardinali lineari, oblique

arcuato, inferiori recto ; cardine angusto in medio late emargi-

nato, antico bidentato, in valvula sinistra unidentata, in dextra

dentibus minutissimis inequalibus; dente posticali elongato,

angusto, obsoleto.

Hab. Insula Muerte dicta in sinu Guayaquillense.

184

6. Nores on THE Nests anp Eces or THE Birps or WESTERN

Inpra.—Part XI. By Lieut. BurGEss.

Family CotyMBID2.

Genus Popicrps.

PopiCcEPS PHILIPPENSIS.

I believe the egg sent with this paper, to be that of the Grebe. It

was taken from the nest with several others in the month of August.

The nests were composed of rotten reeds and grass, fastened between

tall reeds* ; each nest contained about eight eggs, 1 inch and nearly

ths in length, by 1 inch in width. Some of the eggs were nearly

white, others much discoloured.

Family PELECANID2.

Subfamily Larip#&.

Genus STERNA.

Subgenus STERNA.

STERNA MELANOGASTER (Temm.). Biack-BELLIED TERN.

I found this Tern common on the river Bheena, and was fortunate

enough to obtain an egg. On a second occasion, when walking on a

sandbank in the midst of the river where I obtained the first egg, I

was beset by a pair of these Terns, and on looking about on the

ground, found two eggs deposited in a slight hollow scraped in the

moist sand, not far from the brink of the water. These birds, when

flying overhead, utter a cry very like the chirp of a Sparrow. One

could easily distinguish the different kinds of Terns by their varied

notes.

The Black-bellied Tern breeds during the months of March and

April, laying two eggs. The egg measures | inch and rather more

than ;2,ths in length, by 1 inch in width. It is of a rich stone-colour,

spotted chiefly round the centre, and more sparingly over the large

end with grey and light brown spots.

Subgenus Ruyncuops.

RHYNCHOPS NIGRA.

This large species of Tern I found most abundant on the river

Bheena, and had ample opportunities of studying its habits. On a

large sandbank in that river I found that a large co,ony oad esta-

blished themselves, and found young birds able to fly, nestlings and

* The eggs were carefully covered over, and the heat arising from the nest was

most perceptible : the eggs appear to be hatched by the heat arising from the de-

caying vegetable matter.

185

eges. The appearance of these birds is attractive, their long

orange razor-like beak, long wings, and curious skimming flight,

ever and anon dipping their lower mandible under water, their odd

shuffling gait when walking on the sand, as if they scarcely knew

what to do with their beak, and apparent difficulty in arranging

their long swift-like wings, their curious chattering notes when they

assemble on some spit of sand at the water’s edge,—all these points

attract any one fond of natural history.

I first noticed these birds on a mud-bank in the river in the month

of January. On visiting the same place in April, I found them on

a sand-bank higher up, and suspecting this to be their breeding-

time, was conveyed over the water to the bank. Onreaching it and

narrowly inspecting the ground, I found the remains of broken egg-

shells ; after a further search, I was rewarded by finding four or

five nests, also the nest of a Little Ringed Plover and Black-bellied

Tern. The Rhynchops lays four eggs in a hole scraped in the

damp sand and gravel. Those which I found were mostly near the

water’s edge. In some nests I found young ones, and procured one

young bird that was able to fly very fairly. Any one at all accus-

tomed to the habits of birds might have told that they were nesting

by their restlessness, and the vicious way in which they attacked all in-

truders. I saw them buffet a large Plover that pitched on the bank,

and boldly attack those insatiable pilferers of nests, the Crows. The

very young birds, when first hatched, are covered with a whitey-

brown down, spotted with dark spots. The curious square end of

the beak is very marked. The legs and feet of a dirty greyish-brown.

The eggs are rather more than 1} inch in length, by | inch and

rather more than ;1,th in width, of a pale stone colour, spotted and

blotched with grey and two shades of brown.

I subjoin the description of a young bird that was able to fly,

probably about six weeks or two months old. The beak (after the

skin was dried) was of a dull brown tinged with orange; the under

mandible sharp, as in the old bird, but scarcely longer than the

upper. Feathers on the cheeks pale fawn colour, with a few dusky

spots, those on the forehead much the same, but the dusky spots

more visible; on the top of the head behind the eye, back of the

neck, the feathers are dull black, with pale ferruginous edges ; lower

part of the back of the neck whitish, with a broad brown bar, and

tipped with pale ferruginous ; upper tail-coverts, some dusky black,

with pale ferruginous edges, some ferruginous mottled with white ;

tail-feathers, lower portion white, upper portion dusky, with a

marked border of pale ferruginous ; primaries nearly black, with

pale tips; smaller quill-feathers, lower portion dusky, upper nearly

white; secondaries much the same, the white being much clearer ;

greater coverts dusky, with whitish tips; tertials dusky, with pale

ferruginous edges; the lesser coverts the same ; chin, throat, breast

and belly, under tail-coverts white ; sides of the neck white, with a

few dusky spots; legs and feet dirty orange-brown.

No. CCXCVI.—ProceEEDINGS or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

186

7. ON THE RELATIVE WEIGHT OF THE BODY AND OF THE VISCERA

oF THE ELerHant. By Epwarps Crisp, M.D.

In July 1854, I made a communication to the Society on the

weight and form of the viscera of the Elephant, and I exhibited

drawings of the thoracic and abdominal viscera of the size of life ;

I made some additional observations on the same subject at the

Physiological Society of London, an abstract of which is published

in the medical journals (the ‘ Lancet’ and ‘ Medical Gazette’).

The animal I had then dissected was a male Elephant, which died

on Marsden Moor, in Yorkshire, in the menagerie of Mr. Wombwell.

The recent death of the female Elephant in the Society’s collection

enables me to extend my observations, and I purpose now only giving

the comparative weight of the bodies and of the viscera of these

animals, with a few additional remarks.

The age of the male was twenty-two years, and he measured

10 feet from the highest part of his back. The animal, prepared by

Mr. Bartlett, is now in the Crystal Palace. The cause of death,

inflamed lungs. The weight stated at the Railway was 3 tons when

the body was eviscerated, but, judging from the weight of the last

specimen, it could not altogether have exceeded 3 tons, and assuming

this to have been the weight, the relative proportion of the viscera

is about as follows :—

Brain, 12 lbs. =4,-

Lungs, 47 lbs. 8 oz. =45-

Heart, 17 Ibs. 9 oz. 345.

Liver, 33 lbs. 12 0z. =35-

Spleen, 6 lbs. 9 02. =g5-

privecrey ge ‘ ai : 13 > \ Supra-renal capsules included.

1194

Alimentary canal, 106 feet.

The next mentioned animal, a female, about thirty years of age,

had been eighteen years at the Society’s Gardens, and was in good

health and condition up to July the 14th, 1855, when, during the

thunder-storm on that day (Saturday), she exhibited signs of fright,

diarrhoea came on, she shook violently, and died at five o’clock on

Monday morning. From the appearance of the blood, microscopical

and otherwise, I have reason to believe that her death was occa-

sioned by fright or by electrical influence.

Mr. Bartlett had the body weighed, and the subjoined is the

result :—

Silesia: Sich. onc afi ancdh pnts ites Peles orders 683 lbs.

Flesh and bones ..............- 3642 ,,

Supposed loss ...... sia tert aera! o's 200 ,,

4525 ,,

The viscera were weighed with steelyards, and adding the weight of

187

the viscera to the above, the total amount is about 5225 lbs. The

under-mentioned are the proportions :—

Heart, 23 Ibs. 54,.

Lungs, very much congested, 107 lbs. 3y.

Liver, 50 lbs. ;4;.

Spleen, 9 lbs. ;4,.

Kidney, 8 lbs. 54,-

Alimentary Canal—(M@sophagus about ............ 6 feet.

Seamach. 2 Pe) aiileny Pic yg mee

Small intestines..............74 ,,

Ccein'. . oA. Tames sce emer a

Other large intestines ........ 35.

123 ,,

The large intestines, from their great weight, were not extended

like the small, and I measured them with a foot rule, so that the

exact length could not be given, but I believe that the error (if any)

is very slight. The large intestines were of great size, and would

probably have held 150 gallons of water.

In estimating the comparative weight of the viscera of the above

animals, it must be borne in mind that the male was very thin, and

the female in excellent condition; and this leads me to speak of

a curious circumstance respecting the presence of fat in the body of

the Elephant. In the male not a particle of fat was present. Mr.

Bartlett, who has assisted at the dissection of four Elephants besides

the last-named, could find no fat in their bodies, and all writers that

I know of have made the same statement. The body of this animal,

however, contained a large quantity (probably 40 or 50 Ibs. in all)

of fat. This was not deposited in solid hard masses, as in the car-

nivora, ruminantia, and other animals, but it was dispersed about

the viscera, stomach, intestines, heart and mesentery in thinnish

layers, and a great deal of it, when the body was warm, was in a

fluid state; but on cooling it assumed a tallowy condition, and

evidently contained a large quantity of stearine.

Another circumstance I may allude to, respecting the assertion of

many writers, that the body of the Elephant decomposes very

rapidly ; but this, as I stated in my first paper, depends much upon

the state of the atmosphere. The body of this animal was in a

rapid state of decomposition; but the viscera of the male, which were

buried on Marsden Moor, and which I had exhumed after the animal

had been dead about a week, were scarcely in the first stage of

decomposition, but the weather was excessively cold.

The kidneys cf the female were lobulated, those of the male not

lobed.

As stated in my first communication, I examined in the space of

a fortnight the teeth of ten living elephants in this country, and this

animal was among the number. I copy the description given in

February 1854 :—“ One molar on each side of the upper jaw, one on

the left lower jaw, and two on the right side. The auterior one

188

being narrow, of a dark colour, loose, and evidently on the point of

being shed.”

The keeper found this tooth some months after. At the time of

death there were four molars; the upper'two having eleven plates

each, the lower, twelve. No rudimentary teeth were perceptible ex-

ternally, but small apertures existed for their advent.

8. On some PoINTS RELATING TO THE ANATOMY OF THE

TAsMANIAN Wo.F (THYLACINUS) AND OF THE CAPE Hunt-

1NG Doe (Lycaon pictus). By Epwarps Crisp, M.D.

Before I proceed to the immediate object of my communication, I

may be excused, I trust, for alluding to a mode of investigation that

T have followed in all my dissections, viz. that of taking accurate

weights and measures of the body of the animal and of the viscera,

with drawings the size of life of the organs examined.

By this method, combined with the use of the microscope, I be-

lieve hereafter that much light will be thrown upon many physio-

logical subjects which are at present but imperfectly understood.

It is, however, only by comparison on a large scale that any import-

ant benefit is likely to result.

TuyLAcinus CyNOCEPHALUS.

This animal (a male) died at the Society’s Gardens, where it had

been for several years. I believe it is the only one that has been

dissected in this country. It weighed 33 lbs., and measured from

nose to root of tail 2 feet 9} inches. The tail, 15 inches. The penis

curved backwards. The cause of its death was unapparent. It was

excessively fat ; the fat on its abdomen and other parts weighing

probably four or five pounds. The heart, long and pointed ; weight,

4 oz. 60 grs. The trachea of moderate size; the connecting mem-

brane at the posterior part very thick. The lungs trilobed ; weight,

4 oz. 304 grs. The liver composed of five main lobes ; weight, 14 oz.

The spleen long, thin and narrow, with a lateral tongue-like process

(as in nearly all of the Marsupiata) } from the upper end. Length

of spleen, 103 inches; its average breadth about an inch; it was

seated along the left side of the stomach, imbedded in fat. The

kidney of a rounded form; weight, 1 oz. 167 grs. The alimentary

canal measured only 6 feet 6 inches. The stomach of moderate size ;

its coats very thick, and capable of great distension. The ruge of

the lining membrane large and prominent ; the pyloric valve strong

and muscular; the length of empty stomach 8 inches; the duode-

num at its commencement studded with numerous bead-like pro-

cesses, which emerged into a portion of mucous membrane thickly

studded with villi about 3 lines in length, as represented in fig. 1.

These were continued for nearly four feet ; they resemble much the

rumen of the sheep or rein-deer. In the small intestines of the Rhi-

noceros, ‘fig. 2, the villi are about 6 or 8 lines in length, but far less

numerous.

189

The ceecum absent. The large intestine measured 12 inches ;. the

coats thick and the linmg membrane plicated longitudinally. The

relative weight of the viscera as compared with that of the body is

about as follows :—Liver, 3,; spleen, z+, ; kidney, 335; heart, 737;

lungs, ;4;; the blood-corpuscles about 7255 of an inch in diameter.

ce Fig. 1. ma

| ae

I have examined the two skeletons of the Thylacinus at the Mu-

seum of the College of Surgeons, a description of which is given by

Professor Owen in the new Osteological Catalogue (p. 347). The

teeth, 46 in number ; incisors, 8 above and 6 below ; canines, 4 ;

molars, 28, 14 in each jaw =46. Vertebre : cervical, 7; dorsal, 13;

lumbar, 5; sacral, 2; caudal, 23; ribs, 13.

The time does not allow me to dwell on many points of great in-

terest respecting the anatomy of this animal, but a comparison of the

structure of the Thylacinus with fhe Dog I am about to describe will

not be unprofitable. y

Care Huntine Doe (Lycaon rrcrus. S. Africa).

This animal died at the Society’s Gardens, where it remained for

some months previous to its death, a few days before which period

it had several convulsive fits. I could not examine the brain; but

Mr. Ward, who stuffed the animal, told me that a large quantity of

serum escaped from the cranium, so that probably death was occa-

sioned by inflammation of the brain and effusion of fluid.

In Cuvier’s ‘ Animal Kingdom,’ 1849, by Carpenter, p. 91, is the

following note :—‘ This remarkable species is dog-like, but certainly

not a Canis; its form and colouring (and, there is reason to suspect,

its internal conformation) are rather those of a hyzna, and it is

known to copulate in the manner of those animals, and not in the

peculiar manner of the dogs and foxes. Even its dentition is the

same as that elsewhere found (with one other exception, Proteles)

throughout the group to which we conceive the hyzenas to belong,

the dental system of which latter appears to be modified in accord-

ance with their much increased and prodigious strength of the jaw.”

This dog weighed about 50 Ibs. ; it measured 3 feet 1 inch from

nose to root of tail; tail, 13 inches; height to the back behind neck,

2 feet 3 inches; fore-leg, 164 inches ; ribs, 13. Teeth: incisors, 6

in each jaw, 12; canines, 4; molars, 10 above and 12 below, =38.

The age of the apimal about 25 years. Heart of a rounded form ;

weight 8 oz.; the parietes of the left ventricle 10 lines in thickness, of

190

the right 3 lines ; the aorta of large calibre, and its coats thick. Lungs,

the right four-lobed, the left three- ; weight 26 oz. Trachea very large.

Liver seven-lobed ; weight 21 oz. Bile of a dark yellow colour. Gall-

bladder of moderate size. Spleen about 500 grs. in weight ; long,

lax, thin and narrow, as in all the Carnaria. It was in the usual

situation in this order of animals, viz. on the left of the stomach, to

which it was attached by a wide mesenteric fold; the splenic artery

and vein long; no valves in the latter. Pancreas small and elon-

gated. Kidney oblong, less concave on its inner side than usual.

The stomach of moderate size, and shaped like that of the dog;

length 12 inches ; this organ with the cesophagus measured 12 feet

6 inches ; the caecum, which was in 24 spiral folds like that of the

dog, when unfolded was 5 inches in length ; the colon and rectum

1 foot 10 inches ; total, 14 feet 9 inches. The cecal valve strong

and distinct. The alimentary canal was too much decomposed to

allow of my making a microscopical examination of it, but its struc-

ture appeared to resemble that of the Dog.

The ribs of the Hyzna are 15 ; those of the Lycaon 13, as in the

Dog, Wolf and Fox. The teeth of the Hyzna, judging from two

skulls in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, are, 4 incisors above,

6 below, 10 molars above, 12 below, canines 4, =36. In the skull of

the Striped Hyzena 10 molars in each jaw (one specimen), and in

some fossil jaws of this animal the number of molars is less than

above quoted ; but much, of course, will depend upon the age of the

animal. In the Pointer, Blood-hound, Dingo, and other dogs, I

found 12 molars above and 14 below, the canines being 4 and the

incisors 12. The same with the Wolf and Fox.

The only record I can find of the dissection of a Hyzena is one fur-

nished me by Professor Quekett, and in this animal (30 years old)

the alimentary canal measured 39 feet 54 inches. The account is

copied from Professor Quekett’s notes. I was at first inclined to

suppose that the copyist had made some mistake, the length men-

tioned being very great for a carnivorous animal. Professor Quekett

suggested “that the large quantity of phosphate of lime taken by

the hyzena might explain the anomaly.”

On referring, however, to the notes of my dissections of four dogs,

in which I carefully measured the alimentary canal of all, the above

statement does not appear to be so improbable :—

Small Terrier, alimentary canal 7 feet 4 inches.

Small Terrier (young), 7 feet.

Blood-hound, 21 feet ; including large intestines, 2 feet 2 inches.

Large Mastiff (old), weighing 104 lbs., 31 feet; including large

intestines, 3 feet.

Common Fox, 10 feet 6 inches.

Young Indian Wolf (four months old), 6 feet 1 inch.

So that, looking to the ribs, teeth, cecum, length of alimentary

canal, and general form of the viscera, this animal must be classed

with the Dogs, and not with the Hyzenas.

191

Additional Remarks on the Lycaon pictus.

After the death of the dog, the bitch which was with him became

restless, howled frequently, refused her food, and died July 13th, ten

days after.

I examined the body a few hours after death. She was about the

same size as the dog, and of the same age. She had probably lost

10 or 15 Ibs. in weight. The body weighed 31} lbs., and the sub-

joined is the relative weight of the viscera, fractions being omitted :—

Heart, 7 oz. =};.

Lungs, 24 oz. 3.

Liver, 18 oz. 3,.

Spleen, 790 grs. =4,.

Pancreas, 370 grs. <45-

Kidney, 1080 grs. 51;.

Alimentary canal, 13 feet 6 inches.

The uterus resembled that of the bitch (C. familiaris) ; the vagina

9 inches in length, the cornua 6 inches each.

But one of the most interesting results of this dissection was the

examination of the blood-corpuscles ; these were larger than in any

carnivorous animal that I have dissected ; they measured, the greater

part of those examined, about the 3000th of an inch in diameter,

being larger than those of Man.

I may add, that I could not discover any morbid lesion in this

animal, and that I believe her death was occasioned by the loss of

her companion.

Dr. Crisp exhibited the injected heart and large arteries of a Viper

(/. berus), for the purpose of showing the mode of communication

between the aortee, by way of contrast with the Saurians and Che-

lonians. The organs of generation (male) were likewise shown, the

large comparative size of the testicles, and the great length of the

seminal ducts being especially noticed.

Dr. Crisp had formed a table of the length and weight of the body,

as well as of the viscera of seven of these reptiles, which he had dis-

sected. The length varied from 19 to 23 inches; the weight from

1 oz. 182 grains to 3 ozs., the females being the largest. In the

stomach of one of these reptiles a half-grown frog was found; in the

remaining six this viscus was empty.

The proportion the various viscera of this reptile bear to the body

is about as follows:—Liver, 30; pancreas, 2140; spleen, 2146 ;

kidney, 59; heart, 178; brain, 1620.

Dr. Crisp stated that he had inserted the poison of the Viper into

the bodies of Toads, Frogs, Snakes, Lizards, and several insects,

without producing apparently any deleterious effects, but the experi-

ments required repetition. Dr. Crisp believed that he had positive

evidence to show that the young of the Viper were sometimes

received into the throat of the mother; and the assertion of Pro-

192

fessor Henslow and others that it was an anatomical impossibility,

was entirely disproved by the large size of the esophagus before the

Society.

November 13, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair.

1. On a NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TROCHILIDZ FROM

Ecuapor. By Joun Goutp, F.R.S. erc.

The remarkably fine species of Humming Bird which I am

about to describe, I have lately received from Ecuador. This new

bird is remarkable for its large size, deeply forked tail and the har-

monious hues of its plumage, which, although less glittering and

metallic than in many other species, is nevertheless strikingly beauti-

ful. I consider this bird to be new to science, both generically and

specifically, and as the name of Victoria regia has been given to one

of the finest flowers of the same part of South America, I am desirous

of dedicating this new Humming Bird to the Empress of the French,

and I accordingly propose to name it Hugenia imperatrix. Its native

habitat is the vast Andean forests in the neighbourhood of Quito in

Ecuador, where it procures its insect food from the bell-shaped flowers

of the Dature.

Genus EUGENIA.

Gen. Char. Bill rather lengthened, straight and strong; wings

long and pointed ; tail lengthened and very much forked, the feathers

narrow and rigid; tarsi clothed with feathers nearly to the toes ;

feet small.

EUGENIA IMPERATRIX.

Male. Face and fore part of the neck brilliant grass-green ; crown

of the head, back, neck, chest and upper part of the flanks very

deep-green ; on the centre of the throat’ a gorget of reddish-violet ;

abdomen and under tail-coverts shining, greenish-yellow; wings

purplish brown; tail deeply forked, the feathers black, narrow and

rigid ; some tufts of white downy feathers across the lower part of

the abdomen ; thighs brown in front, white behind.

Total length 64 inches ; bill 13: wing 33; tail 3.

Female. Upper surface green ; throat, chest and abdomen grayish-

white spangled with green, the spangles being very minute on the

throat and gradually increasing in size downward to the flanks ; tail

blackish-brown ; tarsi white.

Total length 53 inches; bill 13; wing 23; tail 23.

Hab. Ecuador.

re Fee gatas i AAR Maal ba eed)

. ~ . ie

193

2. CHARACTERS OF SOME APPARENTLY New SPECIES oF Bucco-

NID, ACCOMPANIED BY A GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE OF THE

FAMILY. By Puitip Lutriey Scrater, M.A., F.L.S.

(Aves, Pl. CV. CVI.)

1. Bucco HyYPERRHYNCHUs. (PI. CV.)

Tamatia hyperrhynchus, Bp. MS. et Consp. Vol. Zygodact. p. 13.

B. supra fulgenti-niger ; fronte lata et superciliis anticis albis :

subtus albus, nigro late torquatus ; lateribus nigro radiatis :

rostro maximo.

Long. tota 10°5; ale 4°5; caudze 3:5; rostri a rictu 2°1.

Hab. In regionibus fl. Amazonum superioris (Hawawell). Mus.

Paris. et P. L. 8S.

When I drew up the characters of Bucco macrorhynchus, as given

in the ‘ Annals of Nat. Hist.’ for May last (p. 357), I had not in my

possession specimens of the true macrorhynchus from Cayenne, and

consequently confounded with it the present bird. But the much

larger size of the bill and whole body, the greater extension of the

white colour on the front, the narrower black band and the total

absence of any fawn-coloured tinge on the belly and vent are quite

sufficient to distinguish this Bucco from its Cayenne representative.

I have lately ascertained, through the kindness of Prince Bona-

parte, that this is the species included under the name Tamatia

hyperrhynchus in his Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, pub-

lished in the ‘ Ateneo Italiano’ of May last, and I have therefore

adopted his specific designation. But no descriptions have yet

appeared of the many new species of which the names only are inserted

in that and other similar recent publications of the Prince.

The type specimens of the present bird are in the French National

collection.

2. Bucco pysont.

Tamatia gigas, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygodact. p. 13?

Bucco dysoni, G. R. Gray in Mus. Brit.

B. supra fulgenti-niger ; fronte usque ad oculos et collari postico

albis: subtus albus ; vitta pectorali lata nigra ; lateribus nigro

variis ; rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota 9°7; alee 4°5; caude 3°4; rostri a rictu 1°8.

Hab. In America Centrali, Honduras (Dyson). Mus. Brit.

Obs. Species a Buccone macrorhyncho fronte latius albo, rostro

majore, et ventre pure albo, a Buccone hyperrhyncho rostro minore

et fronte minus albo diversa, et inter has duas media locanda.

A single specimen of this bird in the British Museum was procured

by Mr. Dyson in Honduras. In my Synopsis of this family I have

confounded it with its near affines, from which I now think, as

might have been expected from the locality, it will bear separation.

It is very probable that Prince Bonaparte’s name, gigas (which was

applied to a bird brought by Delattre from Nicaragua), was intended

194

for this same species, but as the type has disappeared, and no

specific characters have been published for the name, it is difficult

to be certain on that point.

3. Bucco putmentum. (Pl. CVI.)

Tamatia (Nyctactes) pulmentum, Bp. et Verr. MS.

B. supra fusco-brunneus; fronte et superciliis rufescentibus ;

torque angusto nuchali inconspicuo albido ; dorsi medii alarum

uropyguque plumis partim fulvo terminatis: subtus albus ;

gutture inferiore pallide rufescente ; plaga utrinque gutturali

magna cum maculis crebris pectus totum et ventrem (precipue

ad latera) occupantibus atris: rostro nigro.

Long. tota 5°0; ale 3°1; caudz 2°5.

Hab. in Peruvia Orientali et regionibus fl. Amazonum superioris :

Pebas (Cast. et Dev.): Chamicurros (Hawawell). Mus. Paris.,

Joh. Gould et P.L.S.

Obs. Sp. Buceoni tamatie affinissima, sed gula pallitione et

maculis ventris majoribus et intensioribus differt.

This appears to be a western representative of the B. tamatia of

Cayenne, from which, however, I think it may be fairly separated.

MM. Verreaux of Paris have lately received a considerable number

of specimens of it from the Upper Amazon. They all present the

same distinctive characters as are above noticed.

4. MoNnASA PERUANA.

Monasa peruana, Bp. et Verr. MS.

M. plumbescenti-nigra, capite et gutture intensioribus ; fronte et

menti summa parte albis: rostro ruberrimo.

Long. tota 11°0; ale 5:0; caudze 4°5.

Hab. In Peruvia Orientali in regionibus fl. Amazonum superioris :

Chamicurros (Hawawell). Mus. Joh. Gould et P.L.S.

Obs. Simillima M. personate sed rostro clarius rubro, mento ad

ipsam apicem solum albo haud nisi dubie disjungenda.

My specimen of this bird was obtained from the MM. Verreaux,

and carries the MS. name above quoted, which I have thought it as

well to adopt. The characters which separate it from its well-known

Brazilian representative are certainly very slight, but appear to be

constant in at least a dozen examples I have examined from the

same locality.

5. Bucco PICATUS.

B. supra niger ; plaga in summis scapularibus utrinque magna et

maculis in pileo rotundis cum loris albis: subtus albus; vitta

lata pectorali nigra: cauda nigra, rectricibus tribus utrinque

extimis in medio et harum omnium apicibus albo maculatis :

rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota 6°7 ; alee 3°2; caude 2°3.

Hab. In reg. fl. Amazonum superioris ; Chamicurros (Hawawell.)

Mus. Joh. Gould.

195

Obs. Species Bucconi tecto forsan nimium affinis, et ob crassitiem

majorem, torquem pectoris latiorem et caudam minus albo maculatam

non sine dubio constituenda.

Mr. Gould’s collection contains two examples of this bird, which

he has entrusted to me for comparison with its Cayenne representa-

tive. It is not, however, without hesitation that I have determined

to separate them from it. Besides their larger size and broader

breast-band, the white medial square spot extends in the present

species only through the three lateral rectrices, with a slight trace of

it in the fourth.

In the Cayenne bird the outer five pairs are all strongly marked

thus. The whole plumage of the bird is also generally more intensely

black.

6. MALACOPTILA NIGRIFUSCA.

Malacoptila fusca, ex Bogota, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 136.

M. nigricanti-brunnea, plumarum scapis pallide fulvis ; loris et

plumis mystacalibus cum plaga triangulari super-pectoralt

albis : ventre medio crissoque fere unicoloribus, albicantioribus ;

rostri basi lete aurantio, apice nigra; pedibus nigricanti-

brunneis.

Long. tota 6°5; alee 3°5; caudee 2°5.

Hab. In Nova Granada, Santa Fé de Bogota. Mus. Brit. et Joh.

Gould.

Obs. Sp. Malacoptile fusce aftinissima sed statura minore et

coloribus nigricantioribus : rostri basi leetius aurantio.

This New Grenadian bird, which in my Synopsis of this family and

List of Bogota birds I united with the true fusca of Cayenne, cer-

tainly presents considerable claims for specific distinction. The

body is generally smaller, the bill in particular is shorter and not so

strong, and at the base is of a deep orange colour instead of pale

yellow, the black not extending so far towards the base of the upper

mandibles ; also, the markings on the head, throat and breast are

much blacker, and I have therefore named the bird nigrifusca.

There are specimens of it in the British Museum and in Mr. Gould’s

collection.

The East Peruvian or High-Amazon examples on the other hand

(which are held distinct by some naturalists under Du Bus’ title

inornata) resemble the Cayenne bird much more nearly. After

remarking that the white lore-spot is nearly obsolete, and the skins

are rather finer and larger, it is in truth difficult (at least with my

present examples) to see further differences, and I therefore regard

M. inornata as a very doubtful species.

Rio Napo specimens are still more like the true fusca.

196 :

BUCCONIDARUM SCHEMA GEOGRAPHICUM.

Central America.

New Grenada.

Quixos.

North Brazil.

East Peru.

Paraguay.

South Brazil.

Guiana.

Venezuela.

Trinidad

I. Bucco.

1. ,COUORES) Hisense anders: -nepfhcalaaa|ar= HUF oe sie] one] coal eal sacar

DAD GEROUAN ae ue vent Peas Gon Fab) othe |e) cas tnasinas ER, pe Mer ese

3. MACTOTRYNCHUS ......0000e0eee|eee|eee[or+|seelece]eneene] eee ¥ |eefece

4, DYSON ...cccrecccccecscscsesee 2 Psdlicee| eed hee

5. hyperrhynchus “RoScenOSL ESSA Hee peal eke] kil see's

: ii ees Bb adnSenteeseenagoeer bce 55) Sef eb fete apdal eel Cae) alee cal pe

ss OT Dee eae ar hs whe acids wee ewe lows | (Sel wml eae | veal eee leeal res tea eee

CUCCELUS ces ass SARS badasandason| bdo Mdalecrlaeelsoblece| eam erica eaters

9? picatus .....0.+0 Bee Sea oesRed Kod odd ee Sad Ge He baal Bel bee

10. tamatia ........e0e00e- RRP M3 ROR PSRT Seaaae| aa fea eee

LL. pulmentum ....0.cececesecceeeca|ece|ere|eee BBS en Bod bo Goel as

12. ruficollis ......... Seige + Salas bey «| eee Piel abtyel a Mant sche al «ctl ehaep

13. bicinctus....... aasees see suaveceeleee asl Seale [ses | eos | ace] sen eos eea Nee

V4, POGiGbUS. ccd .icce se cecsthateoand aah |sael2E lage l>oa|etelhealancleos

15. ChACUry -....-.s0000. dace ca cnteel eel eael sss #lx] ele.

16. lanceolatus ..........0000. Beare ere| aes F 2 bc seat lepaal eel ball esl pa

17. maculatus ..rcccceccsccees aes eeal teal tee eaticeele ts ER ie al Bese be

18. striatipectus ........cescecsece|ece[eee|oeeone al Ee bed be

19. macrodactylus .......cseees0e/ee eee Bs ed ee

TI. Maxacopri.a.

De USC eso cvaaaatecereecsascrsces)es|>ee| Fe] tscluatlacs]enielens| eX lane lace

2? inornata ......++ coshtonanee A a ae 3 bod nod Gee Pol ectoadlas

3. nigrifusca ......- abs deeds cock alee 62] Be Cy Gea ed ba) a Pe ae

A. TUPARL .Jeiedaeae's sabldeded. okfcbaapes dhe oats. oltke NMebley Abas * |ose[eee Be

6. fulvigularis.... sodenebee = shoo spl oatenrlboel otik Caleta l=asieeel>ocleatlepe

(-AGSPEDSE <eohyostsnescp epcaeuetbaleas Fl aclad| Bal gaclce|sealceelekdteed

8. substriata ......s.eee0 dedavadd| <a: Fl ssleh ol eselens| ena enn|oe=|ecr a

QS WY SCACUUS Venavcncennnscocesene coe] ilaxe|eee| ves) =e]=nc lens |eaa)eer are

10. panamensis........+.+.seeeeeee sl sd) ban Gaal Foal Ea Bei are] facia fon aoe

VES anornaia..0 02s decsenes- esos es heel oe bd Fed Ba Bd inal a ao ace at

III. Nonnu.a.

1. rubecula ..... senile eian seen nasties leat can setlnwal qaialvomlerp's|/F Lave Ss « as

2. frontalis ...... aawacenasscee eect al 4 doo bad se) lace Gael RE |e ons

3. ruficaptlla ........c0e0ee 5080008) kod) bo8) Poe petiess| eats sclene| see |'see| tar

IV. Monasa.

Lis (GUT aceon aren echeweecemeece| <4 peel dee tee |seelceclesc|ne slick Salle

2. flavirostris ...... Meeaveremesecrel ace eilees i *| see] oa:

DS: NIGTUTONSH .osusenvanscsene Non elces| t=cleas oa Fal Fe Be sel bc Bey be

4. personata .......+. Sear Scissoeoy eae noel seal ese| anal seal cil 2S) seatene| ses

5. PETUANG .........0-- Sccpnceeccad be esata SF's [ete] = anlev'el owe contents

V. CHELIDOPTERA.

L. tenebrosa ..ccccvses Mabak los ceelens alee ie alle eet =f Sila aite:

2? albipennis ...... Beoecdotcategod cad ABA | Moai ee Bey Galen lena slic

197

3. On some New Species or FresHwaTER TORTOISES FROM

Norts America, CEYLON AND AUSTRALIA, IN THE COLLEC-

TION OF THE British Museum. By Dr. J.E.Gray, F.R.S.,

F.R.G.S. etc.

Fam. I. Emypip#.

The freshwater Tortoises which have been referred to the genus

Emys, as it is at present constituted, may be divided into two very

distinet genera ; and this is the more advisable as it is extremely

difficult to distinguish the American species of which it is composed,

and the separation of any of them by organic characters must facili-

tate the process. The genera may be thus named and defined :—

1. Emys.

The lower jaw rounded beneath, and covered with, the hinder part

of the horny beak; the toes strong, covered with broad band-like

scales.

This genus includes EZ. ornata, FE. scripta, E. Holbrookii, and

many other species, both Asiatic and American.

2. PsruDEMYs.

The lower jaw flattened beneath and covered with a soft skin. The

toes weak, slender, covered with small scales above, and very broadly

webbed.

1. Pseudemys concinna.

2. P. serrata.

The genera Batagur and Malaclemys have nearly similar feet, and

they appear, like Pseudemys, to be the most aquatic animals of the

family.

The species which have hitherto been referred to the genus Cisrubo

differ considerably in their habits, some being nearly terrestrial and

others almost exclusively aquatic. The examination of the animal

shows that there are good external characters by which they may be

divided into natural groups agreeing with their habits and their

geographic distribution.

I. The more terrestrial have the front of their legs covered with

thick, imbricate, triangular scales, the toes only slightly webbed,

and the sternum broad, hiding the legs when withdrawn, as—

1. Cistupbo.

The head rhombic, the forehead flat, and eyes lateral: confined

to N. America; as

C. Carolinensis, with four, and C, Mexicana, with only three toes

on the hind feet.

2. LuTREeMyYs.

The head oblong, depressed, with the eyes on the upper part of the

cheek. Found in Europe, as L. Europea.

198

II. The more aquatic kinds have the front of the legs covered

with small scales and some broad, transverse, lunate plates ; the toes

webbed. They are confined to Asia; as

3. Cuora.

The head rhombic, the eyes lateral, the sternal lobes broad, hiding

the legs when contracted, as C. Amboinensis and C. trifasciata.

4. CycLEmMyYs.

The head depressed, eyes subsuperior, the sternal lobes rather

narrow, not hiding the legs when contracted, as C. dentata and

C. platynota. The latter species was referred to the genus Testudo

by F. Miiller, and when I first described it I considered it as an

Emys, but the examination of a series of specimens of different ages

shows that it is a species of Box Tortoise nearly allied to C. dentata.

It has been hitherto believed that there was only a single species

of the genus K1nosTERNON, as now restricted, found in the United

States ; and all the adult specimens I have received from that country

are, I must own, exceedingly alike, so much so that I cannot under-

take to say that we have adult specimens of more than a single species.

On examining the young specimens of this genus from the United

States, in the Museum Collection, it is evident that there are at least

three most distinct species found in that country, which probably in

their eroded and discoloured adult state are so alike as to be mistaken

for one another.

They may be thus described :—

1. KinosTERNON PENSYLVANICUM.

Head brown-dotted ; temples with two parallel distant streaks of

white spots, from the upper and lower edge of the orbit, and a third

streak across the lower jaw ; neck white-dotted ; back deep brown ;

lower side of marginal shields, the axillary and inguinal plates and

each of the sternal plates with a large yellow spot; sternum broad,

rounded before and behind.

Hab. North America, Florida, E. Doubleday, Esq.

2. KinosTERNON Hiprocrepis.

Head brown, with a broad white streak on each side, from the end

of nose over the eyebrows to the sides of the nape; back pale and

sternum brown; dorsal shield with a single apical and some scattered

black spots ; under side of each marginal and sternal plate rather

paler in the middle; sternum rather broad, rounded in front and

slightly truncated behind.

K. Pensylvanicum, Holbrook, N. Amer. Herp. t. 21.

Hab. North America, New Orleans, E. Doubleday, Esq.

3. KINOSTERNON PUNCTATUM.

Head brown, minutely white-dotted, without any streaks ; the back

brown, discal shield with a very distinct apical, and some scattered

black spots; margin with a very narrow white line ; under side whitish,

199

with minute scattered black dots and line; sternum narrow, con-

tracted at each end, and with straight sides behind, rather truncated

in front and more distinctly and broadly so behind.

Hab. North America.

There are several specimens of the first species of different ages,

from various parts of the States, in the British Museum; I have

therefore retained for it the more general name; and two young

specimens and a half-grown one of the second species, and only a

single young specimen of the third species ; the latter is so distinct,

by the narrow form of its sternum, from the other two, that it might

be referred to the genus Aromochelys if the pectoral plates were not

triangular; it may be considered as the species passing towards

that genus, and I should think that the adult animal must differ

considerably from the common form of K. Pensylvanicum.

AROMOCHELYS.

The Musk Tortoise, or, as it is more commonly called, theStinkpot of

North America, is easily distinguished from the other Kinosterna by

the narrowness of the sternum and the humeral plates being square,

like the pectoral one, instead of triangular, as they are in K. scor-

poides and K.Pensylvanicum. For this reason I have proposed to

divide them into a distinct group under the name of Aromochelys.

I am the more inclined to do so, as theré are two most distinct

species in the British Museum Collection, which have either been

confounded together by the American naturalists, or have been most

unaccountably overlooked. They may be thus defined :—

1. AROMOCHELYS ODORATA.

Head moderate, with two streaks from the nose, one above and

the other under the eyes, to the side of the neck; the back oblong-

convex, the vertebral line rather flattened; the gular plate small,

triangular, the humeral plate rather oblique, shield brown, pufple-

brown spotted.

Holbrook, N. Amer. Herpet. t. 22.

Hab. United States and Louisiana.

2. AROMOCHELYS CARINATA.

We have four specimens of this species in the Museum Collection.

Cat. Tortoises B.M. t. 20 a.

Head very large, black-dotted, without any lateral streaks; back

oblong, very high, the vertebral line high and acutely keeled the

whole length, shields grey-brown, spotted and lined with purple-

brown; the gular plate very small, linear, transverse marginal, the

humeral plate square, transverse, parallel to the pectoral plates.

Hab. North America, Louisiana.

There are two species of North American Tortoise which are re-

ferred to the genus CuELypra, which are so differently organized

that they are evidently the types of two verv distinct genera, which

may be thus characterized :—

200

1. CHELYDRA.

Head moderate, rather depressed, covered with a soft skin, chin

bearded, neck granular; back with two slight keels; marginal plates

in a single series.

Chelydra serpentina.

2. Macrocue ys.

Head large, angular, contracted in front, covered with symmetrical

horny plates, neck with several series of spinose warts; back with

three sharp continued tubercular keels; the lateral marginal plates

in a double series.

M. Temminckii.

Fam. II. Curtypipz.

When Australia was first visited by Sir Joseph Banks, he brought

home with him from New Holland a freshwater Tortoise, which Dr.

Shaw described under the name of Testudo longicollis. This has

been made the type of the genus CHELopINA. Recent travellers in

Australia have shown that the genus is distributed over the country ;

each part appears to have a species peculiar to itself. In Capt.,

now Sir George Grey’s Travels, I described and figured a species from

Western Australia under the name of Chelodina oblonga. Ina col-

lection which we have lately received from Haslar Hospital, there

are two very large specimens of the genus sent from Swan River

by the late Mr. Collie, which, though similar in several respects to

Chelodina oblonga, may be considered as a distinct species, which

I shall proceed to shortly characterize.

The species of the genus hitherto described have the thorax

covered with very thin smooth shields, so transparent that a peculiar

black reticulated appearance, which exists between the shields and

the bones of the thorax, can be distinctly seen through them. This

character is common to C. longicollis of New Holland, C. oblonga, and

Mr. Collie’s species from Swan River, which I propose to call, in

honour of my late friend and excellent collector—

1. CaELopi1na Couuiet.

The shield oblong, elongate, contracted and revolute on the sides ;

under side uniform pale yellow.

Hab. Swan River, Alewander Collie, Esq.

This species agrees with C. oblonga in the uniform colour of the

back and sternum, which is only varied by the dark lines of the netted

appearance before referred to; but it is easily known from that species

by its larger size, the much narrower shape, and the lateral margin

becoming strongly revolute, and the edge over the hinder limb raised

up and rather expanded.

The British Museum have lately received, with some other speci-

mens, from the Australian continent—but unfortunately the special

habitat was not indicated—the shell of a Tortoise which has all the

characters of the genus as at present defined, except that, instead of

201

the shields on the thorax being thin, submembranous and semitrans-

parent, they are thick, horny and concentrically grooved like the

shields of many other genera. It is not accompanied by the head or

limbs of the animal, so we have not the means of determining if

they offer any characters which, with the peculiar structure of the

shell, might render it desirable to form it into a separate genus.

It may be defined and thus named :—

2. CHELODINA SULCATA.

Shell depressed, roundish ovate, brown; shield horny, thick,

distinctly concentrically grooved.

Hab. Australia.

Fam. III. Trionycip2.

The species of this family, which have the hind legs covered with

moveable flaps affixed to the sides of the hinder lobe of the sternum,

named Cryptopus by MM. Dumeril and Bibron, may be divided

into two very distinct geographic genera.

1. Emypa, Gray.

The margins of the upper shield strengthened with bones; the

sternum with three pairs of callosities and a small odd one behind

the anterior pair. Asia.

2. CycLanostevs, Peters.

The margin of the upper shield flexible, without any bones; the

sternum with four pairs of callosities and an odd one behind the two

anterior pairs; the pair on the hinder lobes small, far apart. Africa.

It has been usually stated that the only known species of the

genus Emypa was generally distributed over India; we have in the

British Museum specimens only from the Valley of the Ganges. The

young specimens all agree in the head and shell being variegated.

We have lately received a specimen of this genus from Ceylon,

collected by Mr. Thwaites, which differs in both the above particu-

lars ; and in the Museum of the Society there is the shell of an adult

animal, sent home from Ceylon by Dr. Kelaart, which shows that it

is a most distinct species. They may be thus characterized :—

1. EmypDA PUNCTATA.

Back and upper part of the head pale: spotted ; the odd anterior

callosity small, roundish triangular; the hinder callosity of adult

ovate, inner edge semicircular ; of young triangular, far apart.

Hab. India, Ganges.

2, EMyDA CEYLONENSIS.

Back and upper part of the head (in spirits) dull pale olive ; lips,

chin and lower part of the body whitish. The odd anterior sternal

No. CCXCVII.—ProceEpDINGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

202

tubercle large, oblong, transverse; the hinder pair of callosities

large, close, in adult nearly united, with straight parallel inner edges.

Emyda punctata, Kelaart, Prod. Faun. Ceylon. 179.

Hab. Ceylon.

Dr. Kelaart, in his work on the Ceylon animals, was not aware of

the distinctness of this animal from the continental species; he ob-

serves that the head is black-lined when alive.

The new species described in this paper will be figured in the

Illustrated Catalogue of Tortoises in the Collection of the British

Museum, which will shortly be published.

4, DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-THREE New Species or AcHATI-

NELLA, COLLECTED By Mr. D. Frick In THE SANDWICH

Istanps; FRoM Mr. Cumine’s CoLLectTion.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

Sect. BULIMELLA.

1. A. Nosruis, Pfr. A. testa subimperforata, dextrorsa, turrita,

solida, striatula, nitida, fulvida vel griseo-virente, saturatius

strigata ; spira exacte conica, apice alba, acuta; sutura leviter

marginata ; anfr. 63—7 planiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis sub-

e@quante, infra medium obsolete subangulato ; apertura obliqua,

obauriformi, intus alba; perist. expansiusculo, margine dextro

intus late labiato, columellari subadnato.

Long. 23, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. Oahu.

2. A. HANLEYANA, Pfr. 4. testa subrimata, dextrorsa, globoso-

conica, solida, levigata (sub lente ewilissime spiraliter striata),

nitida, fulva, castaneo-radiata; spira conica, apice minuto,

corneo; sutura filo crenulato marginata ; anfr. 6, superis planis,

sequentibus modice convexis, ultimo spiram fere equante, rotun-

dato; apertura obliqua, truncato-auriformi, intus alba ; plica

colum. supera, valida, dentiformi; perist. intus labiato, mar-

gine dextro breviter reflexo, columellari dilatato, calloso, sub-

adnato.

Long. 18, diam. 11 mill.

Sect. Newcomsia.

3. A. zEBRINA, Pfr. 4. festa imperforata, dezxtrorsa, tenuius-

cula, levigata (sub lente minutissime decussata), nitida, albida,

strigis fulgurantibus nigro-castaneis elegantissime picta ; spira

subturrita, apice obtusa, fusca; sutura filomarginata ; anfr.

5 modice convexis, ultimo 3 longitudinis fere equante; aper-

tura vie obliqua, truncato-oblonga, intus lilacina ; plica colum.

supera, torta, callosa, vix prominente ; perist. simplice, recto,

Susco-limbato.

Long. 123, diam. 6 mill.

203

4. A. cutorotica, Pfr. A. testa subperforata, ovato-conica,

solida, ruguloso-striata, albida, epidermide virente strigatim

variegata; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 6, superis convex-

eusculis, penultimo turgido, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante,

rotundato; apertura obliqua, truneato-ovali, intus alba; plica

colum. supera, levissima, fere nulla; perist. simplice, recto,

margine colum. parum dilatato, sublibero.

Long. 18, diam. 10} mill.

Sect. LAMINELLA.

5. A. Ferussact, Pfr. A. testa sinistrorsa, perforata, turrita,

solida, subruditer striata, nuda, coccinea ; spira elongata, sub-

concavo-conica, apice fusca, obtusiuscula ; sutura profunda,

subcrenata; anfr. 7, superioribus planiusculis, sequentibus

convexis, ultimo globoso, 4 longitudinis non equante ; apertura

diagonali, sinuato-semicirculari ; columella distincte biplicata ;

plica supera obliqua, obtusa, altera compressa, illi subparallela ;

perist. nigro-limbato, margine externo recto, acuto, columellari

dilatato, patente.

Long. 24, diam. 11 mill.

Hab. Oahu.

6. A. aupipa, Pfr. 4. testa perforata, ovato-turrita, tenui,

wregulariter striata, albida, epidermide pallide fulvescente

strigulata ; spira conica, apice acutiuscula; sutura levissime

crenulata ; anfr. 6, superis planis, sequentibus convexioribus,

ultimo 2 longitudinis vix aequante, rotundato, peripheria obso-

lete subangulato ; apertura parum obliqua, sinuato-ovali ; plica

colum. mediana, lamineformi, obliqua; perist. simplice, recto,

margine colum. breviter reflexo, sublibero.

Long. 17, diam. 94 mill.

7. A. inruata, Pfr. A. testa imperforata, conico-globosa, sub-

ruditer striata, albida, epidermide nigra infra suturam late

fasciatim detrita obducta; spica inflata, in conum brevem,

acutum terminata; anfr. 53, ultimis 3 perturgidis, ultimo

spiram equante ; apertura obliqua, sinuato-ovali, intus alba ;

plica colum. subtransversa, alte ascendente, perist. recto, intus

labiato, margine colum. dilatato, calloso, adnato.

Long. 163, diam. 10 mill.

8. Minor, anfractu ultimo superne castaneo, basi pallido, vel co-

loribus obversis.

8. A. Gonrostoma, Pfr. 4. testa rimata, dextrorsa, turrita,

solida, oblique striatula, sub epidermide decidua fulva carneo-

grisea ; spira elongato-conica, apice acuta; sutura subcrenata ;

anfr. 8 planiusculis, penultimo convexiore, ultimo 4 longitudinis

vie superante, rotundato ; apertura obliqua, elliptica, utrinque

angulata ; plica colum. subbasali, compressa, obliqua ; perist.

recto, basi producto, marginibus callo junctis, dextro intus sub-

labiato, columellari subdilatato, adnato.

Long. 16, diam. 72 mill.

204

9, A. extincta, Pfr. A. testa perforata, ovato-turrita, solida,

striatula, cretacea; spira elongata, sursum attenuata, acuta ;

anfr. 7 vix convexiusculis, ultimo % longitudinis non attingente,

juata perforationem subcompresso ; apertura vix obliqua, rhom-

beo-ovali, basi angulata ; plica colum. compressa, fere a bast

ascendente; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus callo crasso,

subnodifero junctis, columellari dilatato, libero.

Long. 16, diam. 73 mill.

Subfossilis lecta im insula Oahu.

10. A. TRANSVERSALIS, Pfr. A. testa subrimata, ovato-conica,

solida, confertim striata, lineis spiralibus impressis distantibus

subdecussata, nigro-rufa, epidermide fulvo-grisea, guttatim et

fasciatim interrupta, obducta; spira inflato-conica, acuta ;

anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante ; aper-

tura parum obliqua, sinuato-ovali ; plica colum. lamelleformi,

subbasali, fere transversa; perist. recto, intus albido vel roseo

tenuiter labiato.

Long. 12, diam. 6 mill.

11. A. Grossa, Pfr. 4. testa imperf., dextr., conico-ovata, so-

lida, subruditer striata, castanea ; spira ovato-conica, apice

acuta, nigricante ; sutura pallida, crenulata ; anfr. 7, summis

planis, levigatis, sequentibus sensim convexioribus, ultimo 2

longitudinis subequante ; apertura obliqua, sinuato-semiovall,

intus albida; plica colum. lamineformi, subtriangulari, fere

transversa ; perist. recto, acuto, marginibus callo albido junctis,

deaxtro intus sublabiato, columellari adnato.

Long. 23, diam. 11 mill.

12. A. Luctuosa, Pfr. A. testa imperf., dextr., oblongo- conica,

solida, striatula, nitidula, bicolore; spira inflato-conica, apice

acuta ; sutura crenulata; anfr. 6, summis 4 nigris, subplanis,

penultimo pallido, conveaiore, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante,

superne pallide fulvescente, infra peripheriam nigricante; aper-

tura parum obliqua, sinuato-semiovali, intus alba ; plica colum.

lamineformi, subbasali, triangulari ; perist. recto, acuto, nigro-

limbato.

Long. 16, diam. 8 mill.

13. A. Grayana, Pfr. 4. testa imperf., dextr., ovato-conica,

solidula, nitidula, griseo-carnea, fasciis castaneis deorsum eva-

nescentibus varie picta; spira inflato-conica, apice acuta, nigra;

anfr. 63, superis planis, radiato-plicatis, penultimo convexo,

ultimo spiram fere equante, leviter striato ; apertura subverti-

cali, acuminato-ovali ; plica colum. mediana, subtransversa, tri-

angulart ; perist. simplice, recto, margine colum. vix dilatato,

adnato.

Long. 214, diam. 12 mill.

14. A. eLurinosa, Pfr. 4. testa imperf., dextr., ovato-conica,

solidula, arcuata, striatula, sub epidermide glutinosa, lutescente

alba; spira subregulariter conica, apice obtusula ; sutura levi,

205

erenulata; anfr.7 planiusculis, ultimo spira vir breviore, basi

rotundato ; apertura subverticali, sinuato-semiovali, intus alba;

plica colum. compressa, torta, fere transversa; perist. recto,

marginibus callo junctis, dextro sublabiato, columellari calloso,

reflexo, adnato.

Long. 114, diam. 6 mill.

15. A. umBiuicata, Pfr. A. testa angustissime sed aperte um-

bilicata, dextr., ovato-conica, tenui, striata, opaca, fusca ; spira

concaviusculo-conica, apice acuta; anfr. 6 vix convexiusculis,

ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi angulato ; apertura elliptica,

utrinque angulata ; plica colum. compressa, profunda, subtrans-

versa; perist. simplice, acuto, margine colum. subdilatato, om-

nino libero.

Long. 103, diam. 52 mill.

Sect. ACHATINELLASTRUM.

16, A. CLEMENTINA, Pfr. A. testa imperf., dextr., ovato-conica,

solida, sublevigata, nitida, virenti-fusca, infra suturam lutes-

centi-fasciata: spira regulariter conica, obtusa; sutura cas-

tanea, impresso-marginata, crenulata; anfr. 6 superne turgi-

dulis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante; apertura obliqua,

truncato-auriformi, intus alba; plica colum. supera, mediocri,

alba vel carnea; perist. recto, marginibus callo junctis, dextro

substricto, intus incrassato-labiato, columellari dilatato, ad-

nato.

Long. 19, diam. 10 mill.

17. A. cunEvus, Pfr. A. testa imperf., sinistr., oblongo-turrita,

solida, striatula, nitida, albida vel lutescente, fasciis angustis

Suscis varie ornata; spira convexo-conica, apice alba, acutius-

cula; sutura filo castaneo marginata ; anfr. 6 planiusculis, ul-

timo + longitudinis paulo superante ; apertura fere diagonali,

semiovalt, intus alba; plica colum. mediocri, oblique subtorta ;

perist. acuto, intus labiato, margine columellari adnato.

Long. 18, diam. 8 mill.

Sect. AMASTRA.

18. A. rrREGULARIS, Pfr. A. testa imperf., dextr., tenuiuscula,

longitudinaliter confertim plicata, nigricante, interdum albido-

fasciata; spira irregulari, conica, obtusa; sutura subcrenata ;

anfr. 53 celeriter accrescentibus, convexis, penultimo gibbo, ul-

timo 3 longitudinis subequante, infra medium leviore, interdum

corneo ; apertura vix obliqua, ovali-oblonga ; plica colum. su-

pera, parum prominente ; perist. simplice, margine dextro an-

trorsum subarcuato, columellari dilatato, adnato.

Long. 9, diam. 41 mill.

Sect. LEPTACHATINA.

19. A. prmip1aTA, Pfr. 4. testa imperf., ovato-conica, solidula,

striatula, nitida, superne nigro-castanea ; spira convexo-conica,

206

apice obtusula; sutura levi, subcrenulata; anfr. 63 planiuseulis,

ultimo spira paulo breviore, a medio ad basin pallide corneo ;

apertura vix obliqua, sinuato-ovali, intus concolore ; plica colum.

callosa, subobliqua ; perist. albo, recto, intus labiato, margine

colum. angusto, adnato.

Long. 11, diam. 54 mill.

§. Anfractu ultimo unicolore castaneo, spira pallidiore.

20. A. semicostata, Pfr. <A. testa subumbilicata, dextr., tur-

rita, solidula, confertim costata, nitida, castaneo-cornea ; spira

elongata, convexo-conica, obtusula ; sutura impressa; anfr. 84

parum convexis, ultimo 2 longitudinis vix equante, infra me-

dium levigato, pallido, attenuato, basi saccato-compressa ;

apertura parum obliqua sinuato-oblonga ; plica colum. lata, ob-

liqua, alba; perist. simplice, recto, margine colum. reflexo, om-

nino patente.

Long. 93, diam. 4 mill.

21. A. TEREs, Pfr. A. testa imperf., dextr., eylindraceo-oblonga,

tenuiuscula, leviter striatula, nitidissima, cornea; spira sensim

attenuata, apice obtusula ; sutura crenulata, saturate castanea,

in anfractu ultimo impresso-marginata; anfr. 7 planiusculis, |

ultimo 4 longitudinis paulo superante, antice subascendente ;

apertura subobliqua, sinuato-semiovali ; plica colum. subcallosa,

torta, obliqua ; perist. simplice, recto.

Long. 10, diam. 4 mill.

22. A. oryza, Pfr. A. testa subrimata, fusiformi, striatula,

cornea (?); spira convexo-conica, apice obtusula; sutura levi,

simplice ; anfr.7 vix convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis sub-

equante, basi attenuato; apertura vix obliqua, acuminato-

ovali ; plica colum. subcompressa, acuta; perist. simplice, recto,

margine colum. subrefiexo, adnato.

Long. 8, diam. 32 mill.

Hab. Subfossilis in insula Oahu.

23. A. MARGARITA, Pfr. A. testa subrimata, dextr., ovato-ob-

longa, tenui, striatula, pellucida, pallide cornea; spira ovato-

conica, obtusula ; sutura submarginata; anfr. 6, superis planius-

culis, penultimo convexiore, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante,

bast subattenuato; apertura subverticali, elliptico-ovali, basi

subangulata ; plica colum. mediana, parvula, dentiformi ; perist.

simplice, recto, albido-limbato.

Long. 61, diam. 3 mill.

Sect. AURICULELLA.

To this section may be referred :—

24. ACHATINELLA LuRIDA, Pfr. (Tornatellina castanea, Pfr.

Mon.)

25. ACHATINELLA OBELisCcuUS, Pfr. (Balea Newcombi, Pfr.

Mon.)

207

5. DescripTions or StxTeEEN New SPECIES OF ACHATINELLA,

FROM Mr. Cumine’s COLLECTION, COLLECTED BY

Dr. NEwcoms IN THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

By Dr. L. Pretrrrer.

1. A. pwienti1, Newe. A. testa perforata, sinistrorsa, solida,

oblongo-conica, ruditer striata, striis confertis spiralibus decus-

sata, fusculo et albo variegata s. marmorata ; spira conica, ob-

tusula; anfr. 64 planiuseulis, ultimo spira paulo breviore ;

apertura obliqua, obauriformi ; plica columellari obliqua, levi ;

perist. albo, intus crasse labiato, margine externo expanso, co-

lumellari dilatato, ealloso, sublibero.

Long. 24, diam. 11} mill.

Hab. Molokai.

2. A. mantensis, Newe. A. testa subperforata, ovato-oblonga,

tenuiuseula, longitudinaliter irregulariter striata, sub lente

striis spiralibus confertissimis decussata, haud nitente, albida,

strigis fusco-corneis serratis variegata ; spira regulariter conica,

apice obtusa; sutura levi, viz submarginata; anfr. 5% planius-

culis, ultimo 2+ longitudinis subeaquante, basi subattenuato ;

apertura parum obliqua, oblonga ; plica colum. obsoleta ; perist.

simplice, recto, fusco-limbato, margine colum. fornicatim reflexo,

subadnato.

‘Long. 13, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Mani.

3. A. TETRAO, Newe. A. testa subperforata, sinistrorsa, globoso-

conica, pallida, infra suturam late rubro-fasciata, undique epi-

dermide virenti-fusea dense reticulata ; spira conica, acutius-

cula ; anfract. 63, summis subplanis, reliquis perconvexis, ultimo

globoso, spira paulo breviore; apertura obliqua, semiovali, intus

alba; plica colum. lamineformi, subobliqua ; perist. simplice,

recto, acuto, margine columellari roseo, sublibero.

Long. 16, diam. 84 mill.

Hab. Ranai.

4. A. remyi, Newe. dA. testa subimperforata, sinistrorsa, ob-

longa-conica, plicatula, rubella, lineis fulguratis fuscis ameene

variegata; spira elongata, apice nigricante,acuta; anfr.7modice

converis, ultimo + longitudinis vix superante ; apertura fere

diagonalt, sinuato-ovali, intus purpurascente ; plica colum. pa-

rum prominente, subduplicata ; perist. simplice, recto, acuto,

margine colum. rubro, subadnato.

Long. 173, diam. 8 mill.

Hab. Hawaii.

5. A. wuminis, Newe. A. testa subperforata, oblongo-conica, so-

lidula, subruditer striata, griseo-carnea ; epidermide nigra fere

omnino obducta; spira convexo-conica, apice nigra, acuta; anfr.

6} infra suturam turgidis, medianis pallide reticulatis, ultimo +

longitudinis paulo superante ; apertura parum obliqua, sinuats

208

ovali, intus livide purpurascente; plica colum. mediocri, com-

pressa, obliqua; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, margine colum.

dilatato, reflexo, subadnato.

Long. 18, diam. 82 mill.

Hab. Molokai.

6. A. perricoLa, Newe. A. testa subperforata, dextrorsa, ovato-

conica, tenuiuscula, striatula, fusca; spira convexo-conica, acu-

tiuscula ; sutura levi; anfr. 54 conveviusculis, ultimo ¢ longitu-

dinis subequante ; apertura parum obliqua, sinuato-ovalt, intus

concolore ; plica colum. tenui, compressissima, parum obliqua ;

perist. simplice, recto, intus albo limbato, margine colum. reflexo,

subpatente.

Long. 93, diam. 5 mill.

Hab. Modonai.

7. A.DunKER1I, Cuming, MSS. A. testa imperforata, oblongo-tur-

rita, solidiuscula, levigata, pallide carnea, strigis confertis fuscu-

lis ornata, lineis | vel 2 nigris sepe cincta ; spira turrita, apice

acutiuscula, alba; sutura leviter marginata, pallida ; anfr. 65 vie

convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis fere equante ; apertura ob-

liqua, truncato-auriformi ; plica colum. alba, valida, dentiformi,

subsulcata ; perist. recto, acuto, pone linbum fusculum albo labiato.

Long. 24, diam. 11 mill.

8. A. rutva, Newe. A. testa subperforata, turrito-conica, solida,

striatula et sub lente subtilissime decussata, nitida, luteo-fulva ;

spira subconcavo-conica, apice alba, acuta; sutura filomarginata;

anfr. 63, superis planis, sequentibus conveais, ultimo 1 longitudi-

nis paulo superante, infra suturam turgido, basi saccato ; apertura

obliqua, subtetragono-auriformi ; plica colum. supera, nodiformi,

aurantiaca; perist. recto, intus labiato, margine deztro substricto,

columellari dilatato, fornicato-reflexo.

Long. !83, diam. 9 mill.

9. A. ovirormis, Newe. A. testa sinistrorsa, imperforata, ovato-

conica, solida, striatula, sub epidermide nitida, olivacea alba, fusco

1-3 fasciata; spira convexo-conica, apice acutiuscula, alba; su-

tura profunde marginata ; anfr. 5 vix convexiusculis, ultimo 3

longitudinis subequante ; apertura fere diagonali, auriformi ; plica

colum. mediocri, dentiformi, rubella; perist. recto, marginibus

callo tenui junctis, externo intus labiato, columellari dilatato,

adnato.

Long. 17; diam. 82 mill.

Hab. Oahu.

10. A. unpuxara, Newe. A. testa sinistrorsa (rarius dextrorsa),

imperforata, solida, striatula, nitida, Sulva, strigis undulatis fuscis

vel nigro-castaneis picta ; spira conica, apice acuta, alba; sutura

marginata ; anfr. 5% modice convexis, ultimo 2 longitudinis sub-

equante, latere subcompresso ; apertura fere diagonali, obauri-

209

Formi, intus alba; plica colum. valida, dentiformi; perist. sim-

plice, recto, fusco-limbato.

Long. 16, diam. 9 mill.

Hab. Oahu.

11. A. n1@ra, Newe. A. testa imperforata, globosa-conica, tenui-

uscula, confertim striata, albida, epidermide nigricante fere om-

nino obducta ; spira concavo-conica, apice acuta; anfr. 6, superis

planis, penultimo convexo, ultimo spiram subequante, inflato, plicis

spiralibus irregulariter minuto ; apertura obliqua, sinuato-ovali ;

plica colum. subtransversa, lingueformi ; perist. recto, acuto, intus

tenuiter labiato, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari ob-

soleto.

Long. 17, diam. 103 mill.

Hab. Mani.

12. A. putua, Newe. A. testa imperforata, acuminato-ovata, so-

lida, distincte striata, lutescente, epidermide fusca varie fasciata,

vel preter fasciam pallidam omnino obducta ; spira inflata, versus

apicem acutum attenuata; sutura pallida; anfr. 6, primis planis,

penultimo modice convexo, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante ; aper-

tura parum obliqua, sinuato-ovali; plica colum, dentiformi, sub-

acuta, alba ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari adnato.

Long. 11, diam. 6 mill.

Hab. Ranai.

13. A. succineta, Newe. A. testa imperforata, ovata, tenuius-

cula, dense striolata, pellucida, cornea, linea suturali et fascia lata

Suscescentibus ornata; spira ventroso-conica, obtusula; anfr. 64

vie convexiusculis, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante, basi levi-

gato; apertura vix obliqua, sinuato-ovali ; plica colum. obliqua,

compressa, violaceo-submarginata ; perist. simplice, recto, intus

tenuiter albido-labiato.

Long. 13, diam. 63 mill.

Hab. Wahai.

14. A. evevata, Newe. A. testa imperforata, oblongo-turrita,

solidula, longitudinaliter (ad suturam distinctius) striata, nitida,

corneo-lutea, castaneo-bifasciata; spira turrita, apice obtusa ;

anfr. 8 planiusculis, ultimo + longitudinis subequante, basi sub-

attenuato ; apertura verticali, elliptico-ovali; plica colum. com-

pressa, obliqua, paliide lilacea; perist. recto, obtuso, margine

dextro antrorsum subdilatato.

Long. 114, diam. 42 mill.

15. A. optusa, Newe. A. testa imperforata, oblonga, sublevi-

gata, nitida, pellucida, castaneo-cornea; spira cylindrico-turrita,

apice obtusa; sutura submarginata; anfr. 63 subplanulatis, ul-

timo 2 longitudinis subequante ; apertura verticali, acuminato-

ovali, basi subangulata ; plica colum. levi, obliqua ; perist. sim-

plice, recto, pallide limbato, marginibus callo tenui junctis.

Long. 10, diam. 4 mill.

210

16. A. apicata, Newe. A. testa imperforata, globoso-conica, so-

lida, levigata, nigricante vel fusca, pallide irregulariter radiata

et subfasciata ; spica conica, apice acutiuscula, cinnamomea vel

hepatica ;. anfr. 6, superis planis, penultimo convexo, ultimo glo-

boso, 2 longitudinis vix equante ; apertura obliqua, subtetragono-

ovali ; plica colum. supera, dentiformi, lilacea ; perist. recto, intus

lilaceo-labiato, margine colum. perdilatato, inerassato, adnato.

Long. 183, diam. 12 mill.

6. Descriptions or Five New Sreciss or TERRESTRIAL Mot-

LUSCA, FROM THE CoLLECTION oF H. Cuming, Esa.

By Dr. L. Preirrer.

1. Leproroma towl, Pfr. L. testa perforata, globoso-turbinata,

tenui, sub lente confertissime spiraliter striata, pellucida, fulvo-

cornea, ad suturam fascia alba subopaca ornata ; spira turbinata,

acuta; anfr.5 convexis, medianis liris nonnullis obsoletis notatis,

ultimo rotundato; apertura obliqua, subcirculari, intus margari-

taceua ; perist. albo, subrectangule expanso, marginibus callo tenu-

issimo junctis, columellari superne subexciso.

Diam. maj. 14, min. 12, alt. 11 mill.

3. Minor, anfr. ultimo conico-variegato, medio albido-subfasciato.

Hab. Isle of Labuan (Mr. Hugh Low).

2. PurcoTREMA BICOLOR, Pfr. PI. testa subumbilicata, ovato-

conica, solida, spiraliter confertim sulcata, rugulis longitudinali-

bus irregulariter tuberculosa, vie nitidula, brunnea, pallide fas-

ciata ; spira convexiusculo-conica, apice pallida, acuta; anfr. 9

via convexiusculis, ultimo spira paulo longiore, superne turgidulo,

basi attenuato, circa perforationem non perviam compresso, antice

crista elevata munito et contracto ; apertura vix obliqua, oblonga ;

plicis parietalibus 2 parallelis, inferiore extus breviter bicruri ;

plica colum. parvula, transversa; perist. vix patulo, marginibus

callo junctis, dextro bidenticulato.

Long. 6, diam. 35 mill.

Hab. Port Jackson (Mr. Strange).

3. CLAUSILIA BLANDIANA, Pfr. Cl. testa non rimata, fusiformi-

turrita, solidula, oblique obsolete striata, diaphana, cornea ; spira

turrita, obtusa; sutura levi, rufo marginata ; anfr. 9 regulariter

accrescentibus, parum convevis, ultimo angustato, deorsum pro-

tracto, basi rotundato, antice rufescente, distinctius striato ; aper-

tura oblique piriformi-circulari ; lamellis convergentibus, superiore

valida, marginali, altera conspicua, tenuiore ; lunella distincta,

angusta; plica palatali 1 supera, ad lamellam superiorem pro-

ducta ; subcolumellari inconspicua ; perist. albo, tenui, expanso et

reflexiusculo, margine sinistro angustiore.

Long. 19, diam. 43 mill.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota, Columbia.

211

4. AcHATINA scuLPTA, Pfr. A. testa conico-oblonga, solida, plicis

longitudinalibus subarcuatis validis sculpta, straminea; spira re-

gulariter attenuata, obtusa; anfr. 8 planiusculis, ultimo 4 longi-

tudinis paulo superante, antice subascendente ; apertura subverti-

cali, sinuato-ovali; columella breviter arcuata, oblique truncata ;

perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro antrorsum subarcuato, co-

lumellari tenuiter calloso.

Long. 83, diam. 35 mill.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Mr. Frick).

5. ACHATINA comoreEnsis, Pfr. dA. testa ovato-turrita, solida,

leviter et irregulariter striatula, sub epidermide decidua, fulva

alba; spira elongata, apice obtusula ; anfr. 7, superis subplanis,

penultimo convewxiore, ultimo 1 longitudinis paulo superante, basi

subattenuato ; apertura subverticali, elliptica, basi subcanaliculata,

columella ad basin aperture protracta, oblique subtruncata; perist.

obtuso, marginibus callo crassiusculo junctis.

Long. 34, diam. 13 mill.

Hab. Comoro Islands.

Nov. 27th, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. On a NEw Species OF SOMATERIA, AND THE FEMALE OF

Lampronetta Fiscueri, Branpr. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S.

ETC.

(Aves, Pl. CVII.-CVIII.)

I have the pleasure of exhibiting Mr. Adams’s drawing of a new

species of Somateria, of which several specimens were collected by

that gentleman during the voyage of H.M.S. Enterprise. The

large drawing exhibits the male and female, while the lesser drawing

contains, in addition to the two sexes, the male in change. It will

at once be seen that this species is very similar to Somateria mollis-

sma, but is easily distinguished from it by being larger, and by a

black mark on the throat, which is like the one found on that part

of the Somateria spectabilis ; and by the white longitudinal mark

on the top of the head being narrower and thereby less conspicuous

than that found on the head of Somateria mollissima; while the

yellow on the sides of the head, which is tinged with green, extends

below the black towards the eyes; the black is less rounded poste-

riorly. The bill of the male also differs by being orange-yellow with

a white nail; while that of the female is dusky green as in the com-

212

mon eider. The feet of both sexes are brownish yellow. A specimen

of this species was added to the British Museum Collection in 1851,

which was collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Herald at “‘ Kotze-

bue Sound.’’ From the black mark on the throat, which is in the

form of areversed V, I have named the species Somateria V-nigra.

(Pl. CVII.) ,

I take this opportunity of also exhibiting a beautiful drawing of

the Lampronetta Fischert of M. Brandt (Pl. CVIII.), of which only

one example was known to exist in collections, viz. in the Museum

of the Academy at St. Petersburgh. Mr. Adams had the good

fortune to obtain, not only the male, but the female, during the

voyage, as also the young male in change which is exhibited in

the smaller drawing. As the male has been well described and

figured by M. Brandt*, it is unnecessary for me to repeat it ; but as

the female was unknown at that period, I will therefore point out the

chief differences which it exhibits from its allied species. In general

appearances it bears a great similarity to the female of Somateria

spectabilis, but may be at once distinguished by the base of the

culmen being feathered to beyond the nostrils and the space round

each eye being paler than the rest of the head and speckled with

minute spots of black; this space being the position of the white

velvety spot round the eyes of the adult male.

M. Brandt’s specimen of the male was obtained from Norton

Sound on the coast of Russian America, and I believe the pair now in

the British Museum’s Collection was from the same locality.

I may observe that Mr. Adams had called the species, from the

rich blue colour of the eyes, “ Blue-eyed Eider Duck.”

As M. Brandt’s subgeneric name of Lampronetta is so near

Lampronessa of Wagler, it may be thought advisable to change it

to Arctonetta.

2. Note on THE GeNus LeGrRiocincLus, LEssonN, AND ITS

synonyms. By Puitie Lutiey Scuater, M.A. ETc.

In his last published work on natural history, entitled ‘ Description

des Mammiféres et Oiseaux,’ which is part of the series known as

‘Complement aux ceuvres de Buffon,’ M. Lesson has elevated to

generic rank by the name of Legriocinelus, a bird previously described

in the ‘ Annales des Sciences Naturelles’ (ix. p. 168, anno 1838) as

Petrodroma mexicana. While lately in Paris I was favoured by

Prince Charles Bonaparte with a sight of several volumes of very

beautiful coloured drawings of birds and other animals of which

M. Lesson in his lifetime had published descriptions only. M. Lesson’s

descriptions, as is well known, are so short and often so inaccurate as

to render identification of the originals almost impossible, and these

drawings are therefore very valuable, and, as they are to be disposed

of, will, it is to be hoped, pass into the possession of some public

institution, where access to them may alwaysbe had. Among them

* Mém. del’Acad. Imp. Sci. de St. Pétersburg, 1849, p. 1. t.i.

213

is a plate of the so-called Legriocinelus, which, there is no difficulty

in perceiving at a glance, is a member of Lafresnaye’s genus Ram-

phocinclus, and so closely resembling the R. brachyurus, the type of

that genus, as to leave little doubt that the two generic names are co-

equal. But if Lesson’s locality is correct (Vera Cruz), which, how-

ever, I am hardly inclined to believe, the Legriocinclus mexicanus may

possibly be a new species of this peculiar form—hitherto considered

as confined to the Antilles, but thus extended geographically to the

mainland.

Three species of Ramphocinclus only are given by Lafresnaye

in his article in the ‘Revue Zoologique’ (1843, p. 67). Of the

first of these—-the type of the genus-—-R. brachyurus (Turdus

brachyurus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. 255, et Enc. Méth. p- 655),

the Paris Museum contains several fine examples from the islands

of S. Lucia and Guadaloupe. Vieillot says his bird was from

Martinique, which is very probable, as that island is situate between

the other two.

Upon reading attentively Lafresnaye’s description of his second spe-

cies of the genus R. tremulus, I think there can be little doubt that if

not absolutely identical with, it is at all events a very close ally of

the bird, which Mr. Gould described in these Proceedings, as long

ago as 1835, under the name of Stenorhynchus ruficauda. There

are two specimens of this bird in the British Museum, from the

island of Nevis.

Stenorhynchus, having been previously employed in Zoology, was

changed by Mr. G. R. Gray in 1840 to Cinelocerthia.

Prince Bonaparte, in his ‘Conspectus’ (p. 223), has somehow or

other confounded the third species of this same genus along with

Campylorhynchus scolopaceus of Spix which is quite a different form

and is the type of the wren-like genus Campylorhynchus, and Thryo-

thorus longirostris of Vieillot, which he likewise quotes as synony-

mous, is, I believe, a true Thryothorus. Again, Zoothera cinclops

of the same work (p. 253), since generified into Cinclops (Cinelops

melanoleucus of Mr. G. R. Gray’s lately published List of genera),

seems to be nothing more than a bird of this genus—probably

R. brachyurus, though it is dangerous to draw positive conclusions

from so meagre a description.

Under these circumstances I propose to reduce into one group, or

at all events to place in close juxtaposition, the following six generic

terms, some of which have hitherto been arranged in widely different

families :—

1, SrENoRHyNCHUS, Gould (1835), P. Z. S. p. 186.

2. Crnciocertaia, G. R. Gray (1840), List of Gen. p. 22.

3. Rampnsocincuius, Lafr. (1843), Rev. Zool. p. 66.

4. Herminierus, Lesson, ubi?

5. Leeriocincius, Lesson (1847), Deser. d. Mamm. et Ois.

a ae

Pp .

Cinctoprs, Bp. (1854), Notes Ornithologiques, p. 25.

214

Of these Mr. G. R. Gray’s name Cinclocerthia is the oldest that

can be adopted.

Note.—Since writing the above, I have carefully examined the

two specimens of Cinclocerthia ruficauda in the British Museum.

They seem to agree in every respect with Lafresnaye’s description of

Ramphocinclus tremulus, and, as the islands of Nevis and Guadaloupe

are so near, I think we may reasonably conclude that these two

birds are not specifically distinct. The rectrices are twelve in num-

ber, and not ten, as Mr. Gould supposed (P. Z. S. 1835, p. 186)

might be the case.

The three species of this group ought therefore apparently to stand

as follows:—1. CrNCLOCERTHIA RUFICAUDA (Stenorhynchus rufi-

caudus, Gould; C. ruficauda, G. R. Gray; Ramphocinclus tremulus,

Lafr.). 2. CINCLOCERTHIA GUTTURALIS (Ramphocinclus gutturalis,

Lafr.) ; and, 3. CINCLOCERTHIA BRACHYURA (Turdus brachyurus,

Vieill. ; Ramphocinclus brachyurus, Lafr.; Zoothera cinclops et

Cinclops melanoleucus, Bp.). P. 1. 8.

3. DrEescRIPTION OF A NEWLY DISCOVERED TANAGER OF THE

Genus BuARREMON.

By Puinie Lutruey Scuater, M.A. etc.

(Aves, Pl. CIX.)

Through the kindness of Sir William Jardine I am enabled to

exhibit a specimen of a very distinct species of Buarremon, which

Professor Jameson of Quito has lately transmitted to this country.

It was obtained by him during a recent expedition into the eastern

Cordillera of the Andes near Quito at an elevation of 6000 feet above

the sea-level. In form and size it is similar to B. pallidinuchus, but

the style of coloration is different and more nearly resembles that

of B. schistaceus. Sir William Jardine has named it leucopterus,

from the conspicuous white spot on the wing. The area of the

genus Buarremon appears to extend along the Andean range from

Bolivia into Southern Mexico, the vicinity of Bogota being perhaps

the principal sedes or focus, where no less than seven or eight species

occur. The present bird may be characterized as follows :—

BuaRREMON LEUCOPTERUS (PI. CIX.).

B. schistacescenti-niger, alis caudaque obscurioribus ; pileo ochra-

ceo-rufo ; macula utringue anteoculari et speculo alari con-

spicuo cum toto corpore subtus albis ; lateribus in cinereum tra-

hentibus ; capitis lateribus nigris; tectricibus alarum inferi-

oribus albis ; rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tota 6:2; alee 2°8; caude 2°7.

Hab. in rep. Equatoriana (Jameson).

Proc. 2.5. Aves

J .Wolf, lith

+e OT TT

M & W.Hanhert I

EMBERIZA STRACHEYI

215

4. Noricr OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF Birps. By FREDERIC

Moors, Assist. Mus. East INp1A Company.

Genus Orocoris, Bonaparte.

Orocoris LoNGIROSTRIS, Gould, MSS.

Allied in colour to O. penicillata, and in the markings of the head

and breast, but differs in its larger size, considerably more lengthened

bill, wings and tail, and thicker toes ; and in the feathers of the back

being broadly centred with brown.

Length 73 inches; of wing 5 inches; tail 33ths ; bill to frontal

plumes ;5ths; to gape 3ths; tarsus 1$ths; middle toe and claw

38;ths ; hind ditto ;ths of an inch.

Hab. Neighbourhood of Agra. In Mr. Gould’s Collection.

Genus Emsperiza, Linn.

EMBERIZA STRACHEYI, Moore.

Atfined to E. Cia, but differs in having the markings about the

head more broadly developed, and of a deeper black colour, forming

three well-defined black bars, as seen laterally ; the throat and sides

of neck being whiter, and ashy on the front of the neck only, the

breast and the rest of the under-parts being uniform bright rufous-

brown, which colour is also prominent on the back, and especially

on the scapulars, rump and upper tail-coverts.

Length 6 inches; of wing 32ths; tail 3; tarsus $ths of an inch.

Hab. Kumaon. In Mus. East India Company.

EMBERIZA CASTANEICEPS, Gould, MSS.

Also affined to H. Cia. Crown and ear-coverts deep chestnut-

brown ; superciliary streak, base of upper mandible, throat, front

and sides of neck ashy white; behind the ears and nape ashy; a

spot before the eye and streak from base of lower mandible down the

sides of the throat black ; back, scapulars, and rump rufous-brown,

the two former having blackish centres to the feathers ; wings dusky

black, the feathers margined with rufous-brown; tail dusky black,

the two centre feathers broadly margined with rufous-brown, the two

outer tipped obliquely with white for nearly the whole length ; breast

and flanks rufous-brown, and paling towards the centre of the belly ;

upper mandible dark-horn, lower paler.

Length 5} inches; wing 2jths; tail 23ths; tarsus ¢ of an inch.

Hab. Kintang in China. In Mus. East India Comp., J. Gould,

Esq.

Genus Propasser, Hodgson, Gray’s Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844) ;

P. Z. S. 1845, p. 36.

Puenicospiza, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xxiii. p. 213 (1854).

PROPASSER THURA.

Carpodacus Thura, Bonaparte et Schlegel, Monogr. des Loxiens,

t. 23. Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. p. 531 (male).

216

Propasser rodopeplus, part. Hodgson.

Hab. Nepal. In Mus. East India Comp. Brit. Mus., J. Gould,

Esq.

This species may be distinguished from the true P. rodopeplus, by

its rather smaller and a trifle more pyrrhuline bill; the colour of

the male above being hair-brown, the feathers centred with blackish,

and the lesser range of wing-coverts only being crimson-tipped; the

under-parts, rump and upper tail-coverts, cheeks, forehead, and

superciliary streak is pale silvery-crimson, the end of the latter and

the centre of the belly being pure white ; the crimson feathers of the

head and throat being centred also with white, and the crimson

colour being deepest at the base of the bill ; whereas, in P. rodopeplus

the male above is dark crimson-brown, and having doth ranges of

wing-coverts and the tertiaries pale crimson-tipped. The female of

P. Thura (which is now for the first time described) may be distin-

guished from the same sex of P. rodopeplus by being paler above and

having paler centres to the feathers; the colour of the under-parts

being considerably more uniform ; having also but faint centres to

the feathers. P. rodopeplus is a trifle larger than P. Thura.

The Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte has compared thesespecimens,

and his Highness also verifies their distinctness.

PrRopassER PULCHERRIMUS, Hodgson.

Propasser pulcherrimus, Hodgson, Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),

. 85.

‘ Hab. Himalaya. In Mus. East India Comp. Brit. Mus., J. Gould,

Esq.

The male differs from P. rodochrous in having the forehead,

superciliary streak, cheeks, throat, and under-parts, with the rump

of a paler or more silvery-crimson colour, being in some lights very

silvery ; the upper parts, with the crown, are dusky-brown with pale

crimson-tinged edges to each feather. The female differs from the

same sex of P. rodochrous in having the under-parts dusky white,

instead of rufescent, and above the colours are also less rufescent.

The size is the same as P. rodochrous, excepting that in P. pul-

cherrimus the wing is longer in both sexes.

Remarks.—Both sexes of this species and P. rodochrous were

sent from Nepal by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., under the name of pul-

cherrimus, which name, upon examining his original drawings in

the British Museum, we find refers to the true 7odochrous and not to

the present species ; but, as that indefatigable naturalist applied the

name to both birds, we deem it but correct to retain the same for the

present bird.

Genus Linota, Bonaparte.

CannaBINA, Brehm.

LINOTA BREVIROSTRIS, Gould.

Linota brevirostris, Gould, Bonap. Geogr. et Comp. List of B.

p. 34 (1838).

~ £210 VIVEREEZ WTONYOS OO

en eee ee

’Fringilla bella, Hempr. et Ehrenberg, Mus. Berol.

Hab. Erzeroum and Afghanistan. In Mus. East India Comp. et

J. Gould, Esq.

Allied to L. montium, but distinguished from that species by its

lighter colour, and the male having the pink colour on the ramp

paler; the axillaries and the basal edge of the inner web of the

primaries and secondaries pure white ; the tail being margined on the

whole outer and broadly on the inner web also with pure white ; the

primaries and secondaries above are also broadly margined exteriorly

with white. The female is also paler and broadly edged as in the

male with white.

Length 5 inches ; of wing 3iths; of tail 23ths; centre feathers

x inch less; bill to frontal plumes ;3,ths; to gape }.an inch; tarsus

{ths ; centre toe and claw 3ths; and hind ditto 4 an inch.

Remark.—Cabanis in Catal. Birds Mus. Heine, p. 161, states

that “the bill of F. bel/a, of Hempr. and Ehrenb., is a trifle larger

than in L. cannabina, Linn., but in colour almost agrees with

L. fringillirostris, Bonap. et Schlegel, Monog. Loxiens, t. 49. p. 45.

5. New Genus or Fisu-scatep Lizarps (Scissosar#), FROM

New Guinea. By J. E. Gray, Ph.D. F.R.S., erc. ere.

(Reptilia, Pl. VIII.)

The Lizard which I have the pleasure of bringing before the

Society this evening, was presented to the British Museum, with

other most interesting and novel specimens, by Mr. John MacGillivray,

who accompanied H.M.S. Herald as naturalist during her voyage in

the Australasian seas.

Corvctia.

Head broad, flat topped; nostrils ovate, oblique, simple, not pro-

longed behind, on the middle of the lower part of the nasal shields ;

supranasal shields none; rostral square; internasal one, large, 8-sided,

broader behind; frontal-nasal two, moderate, band-like, transverse ;

lateral-frontal one small, subtrigonal, nearly equal-sided, frontal-

parietals two rhombic, contiguous at the angle; interparietal one

rhombic, elongate; eyebrows covered with band-like shields, lower

eyelid with a series of larger opake scales ; temple covered with large

shields ; ears large, simple, edged in front.

Body fusiform, compressed scales, 6-sided, smooth, with 3, 5 or

7 grooves, seen through the skin, of chin and underside of the body

thinner, smooth.

Legs strong ; toes five, cylindrical, elongate, unequal, with a series

of band-like shields beneath ; claws strong, curved.

Tail elongate, tapering, rather compressed, scales of upper like

those of the back, but rather larger, with a central series of broad

hexangular shields beneath.

Hab. Australasia.

This genus belongs to the same section in the Museum Catalogue

as Ateuchoglossus, characterized by the simple nostril and scaled

No. CCXCVIII.—ProcerDINGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

218

opake lower eyelids. It differs from that genus in the smoothness

of the scales, the shielded underside of the tail and several other cha-

racters.

Corvucia zeBRATA. (PI. VIII.)

Pale yellowish-white (in spirits); back with irregular blackish-

brown cross-bands; upper part of limbs and tail blackish, varied ;

head dark-brown. ;

Hab. New Guinea, the Island of San Christoval, John Mac-

Gillivray, Esq., two adult and young specimens.

Length of adult nearly 2 feet.

6. On Panoraa ALpROvANDI, Lam.

By 8S. P. Woopwarp, F.G.S.

The specimen of Panopea Aldrovandi, preserved in spirits, and now

Panoraa ALDROVANDI, Lam.

(Chama glycimeris, Aldr.)

One fourth natural size.

a, a’, Adductor muscles.

Pp, p’, Pedal muscles.

r, Position of renal organ.

t, Labial tentacles, or palpi.

4, Body.

JF, Muscular foot.

m, Pallial muscle, or retractor of

the mantle.

s, Siphonal muscle.

The arrows indicate the inhalant,

or branchial siphon, and the exhalant

or anal siphon, communicating with

the channels above the gills.

exhibited to the Zoological Society, was presented by Capt. Guise to

219

the Gloucester Museum, and was lent me for examination through

the kindness of J. W. Wilton, Esq., of Gloucester.

This species is found at Sicily, and on the south coasts of Spain

and Portugal; but not, so far as we are aware, at Mogador or the

Canaries.

On the coast of Sicily, according to M. Philippi, it is rare, and

only found between La Trezza and Aci Castello. M. H. Crosse,

who purposely visited this locality, found a rocky beach in which it

could not possibly live, and the only spot where the fishermen were

acquainted with it was the village of Giardini, near the sandy bay of

Taormina ; even there only odd valves were procured, and he says it

would be exceedingly difficult to obtain the animal on account of the

absence of tides*.

Capt. Guise has favoured me with the following note :—

“The Panopea was collected, together with many of the rarest

forms of Mediterranean Mollusca, by the Rev. L. Larking, on the

coast of Sicily ; the animal, when alive in a vessel of sea-water, was

a most lively mollusk—slashing its siphons about, and discharging

the water with the force of a piston.”

There appears to be no description of the animal published.

Philippi had not seen it, nor Valenciennes, at the time he wrote the

monograph of the genus for Chenu’s ‘ Conchological Illustrations.’

Being the type of the genus Panopea, I was the more desirous of

examining it, especially as British naturalists have taken their notion

of Panopea from the British shell called “ Panopea Norvegica”—

which it now appears does not belong to the genus, or even to the

same family, but must be referred to Saxicava amongst the Gastro-

chenide.

In P. Aldrovandi all the visible portion of the mantle and the

long united siphons are clothed with thick, brown epidermis, striped

with black, and very much wrinkled by the contraction of the animal

in alcohol : it was impossible, without dissection, to see whether the

orifices of the siphons were fringed as in Mya. The anterior gape of

the shell exhibits an oval space, perforated in the centre by a small

pedal orifice, scarcely large enough to admit the little finger.

By lifting up one valve and removing the portion of the mantle

within the pallial line, the internal organs were seen and sketched.

The body is large and oval, suspended by four muscles whose

attachments are close to those of the adductors; it is truncated in

front, where it supports a small finger-like muscular foot ; behind it

is produced into a blunt point.

The oral palpi are triangular and pointed, but were probably larger

and broader during life; they are deeply plaited inside, with a plain

posterior border. .

The gills are two on each side; the inner gills extend from the

base of the respiratory siphon to the palpi, between which they are

received ; they are deeply plaited, the plaits being in pairs, and the

lower edge of the gill is grooved. The inner dorsal margins are not

* Journ. Conch. vol. ii. 1851.

220

united to the body, so that the dorsal channels are only closed by

the apposition of the parts.

The outer gills are simpler in structure, being formed of a single

series of vascular loops placed one behind another ; the free edge is

not grooved, and the gill terminates in front some way behind the

inner gill. The dorsal margin of the outer lamina is expanded be-

yond the line of suspension, and is fixed.

The gills of the opposite sides are united to each other behind the

body and to the branchial septum.

The whole structure is closely like that of Mya arenaria, the

chief differences being the shortness of the palpi, and the inequality

of the gills.

There are six other reputed species of recent Panopea.

1. P. appreviata, Val.; discovered by M. d’Orbigny on the

coast of Patagonia between the R. Negro and 8S. Blas. ‘This shell

appears to have been again met with by the U. 8. Exploring Expe-

dition, under Commander Wilkes, and is described by Dr. Gould as

P. antarctica.

2. P. zeLanpica, Quoy ; of which an odd valve only was picked

up on the beach.

3. P. soranpri, Gray; probably the same as the last.

4. P. ausrrauis, G. Sby. (Genera of Shells, pl. 40. f. 2), one of

G. Humphrey’s shells from New South Wales; of which there is a

series in the British Museum, from Tasmania.

5. P. ausrrauis, Val. (not Sowerby’s.)

This species is as large as P. Aldrovandi, and very like it. Bemg

quite distinct from the P. australis of Sowerby, it is proposed to call

it P. natalensis.

It was discovered in the sandy bays of Port Natal, by Capt. Cecile

and the officers of the French frigate ‘ Heroine,’ who observed the

tubes of the shell-fish projecting through the sand at low water.

‘The sailors endeavoured to draw the creature out of its habita-

tion by the tube, but in vain; for the siphons, after offering con-

siderable resistance, in every instance gave way, and often were with-

drawn entire, in spite of the grasp of its persecutor. Curious to

know the nature of the being which thus escaped them, they dug for

it with spades, and at length uncovered the Panopea buried several

feet below the surface of the sand, and gregarious*.”’

6. Panopama saponica, A. Adams. Zool. Proc. for 1849, p. 170.

Pl. VI. f. 5. This species, of which the original and unique exam-

ple is in the Leyden Museum, is much like the fossil P. intermedia

of the London clay.

7. P. cenrerRosa, Gould; Puget Sound, Oregon. (U.S. Expl.

Exped.)

3. Panop#a norveeica, Spengler, is found throughout the

Arctic seas, from Behring’s Straits to Newfoundland, the North Sea

and Russian Lapland.

I was so convinced of the affinity of this shell to the Sawcava, that

(in my Manual) I placed the latter genus next to Panopea ; it now

* Forbes, i. p. 174, from Valenciennes’ Archives du Museum, t. i. 1839.

22]

appears that I should have left it in its former place with Gastro-

chena and have removed the Panopea Norvegica to it. The shell

differs from Panopea in having the pallial line broken up or divided

into a number of separate spots, and the animal has very long taper-

ing gills, prolonged far into the branchial siphon.

9. PaANop#A MIDDENDORFFI, A. Adams. Zool. Proc. for 1854,

p. 137. Arctic Seas. (Haslar Museum.) Appears to be a variety

of P. Norvegica.

The Geographical Distribution of the genus Panopea affords an

illustration of the rule, or “law,” so earnestly investigated by the

late Prof. E. Forbes,—that the range of genera, as well as of species,

depends in great measure on their geological antiquity; and that

when the members of a group are scattered over the greater part of

the world, we may expect to find evidence of their existence in the

intervening spaces during a former age. M. D’Orbigny describes

139 extinct species of Panopea, commencing in the Permian age,

and occurring in every part of the world where secondary or tertiary

strata have been found.

7. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-FIVE NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS FROM

THE CoLLEcTION oF HuGcu Cumine, Esa.

By Artruur Apams, F.L.S., &c.

1. Tupicia armicEeRA, A. Adams. TJ. testa turbinato-fusiformi,

epidermide fulvicante induta, spira obtusiuscula, apice mamillato ;

anfractibus planis, in medio serie spinarum ornatis, spinis tubu-

losis, regularibus, subrecurvatis, liris transversis, elevatis, squa-

mulis, aculeatis instructis, et interstitiis lineis elevatis simplicibus ;

anfractu ultimo serie secundo spinarum ad partem anticam ornato ;

apertura ovali, intus alba, columella triplicata, canali recto pro-

ducto ; labro intus lirato.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

This species is at once distinguished from the other known ex-

amples of Tudicla on account of the spiny armature of the whorls.

2. Fusus sprrauis, A. Adams. JF’. testa fusiformi, tenui, albida,

spira elevata, anfractibus spiralibus, convezis, ad suturas con-

tractis, transversim liratis, in medio angulatis, carina tuberculata

et carina altera infima subsimplice instructis ; apertura ovali,

labio intus levi; labro intus sulcato, canali elongato, recto.

Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming.

This is a beautiful and elegant spiral shell, very strongly reminding

. one of the young of some unknown species of Gladius (Rostellaria)

with the whorls spiral, and where the outer lip is undeveloped.

3. Fusus pitectus, A. Adams. fF. testa fusiformi, subventri-

cosa, spira mediocri; fulvicante, strigis irregularibus, fuscis

longitudinalibus picta ; anfractibus ad octo, convexiusculis, supre-

mis costato-plicatis, liris elevatis, transversis, crenulatis, majori-

bus cum minoribus alternantibus, interstitiis longitudinaliter crebre

222

striatis, apertura elongato-ovali, labio transversim corrugato ;

labro rufo-marginato, intus sulcato; canali longiore, vix testam

equante, subreflexo, ad sinistram curvato.

Hab. Venezuela. Mus. Cuming.

A very elegant /usus reminding one somewhat in markings, form,

and sculpture of an elongated Sycotypus (or Ficula).

4. Fusus auginus, A. Adams. F’. testa ovato-fusiformi, subven-

tricosa, candida, spira mediocri; anfractibus octo, convewis, lon-

gitudinaliter costato-plicatis, plicis, ad suturas, obsoletis, liris

transversis crebris cinctis ; apertura elongato-ovali, labio levi;

labro intus sulcato, canali mediocri recto, aperto.

Hab. Ichaboe, West Africa. Mus. Cuming.

This is a large, white, solid species with a moderately long beak,

and with longitudinal, rounded, rib-like plicee which are obsolete at

the sutures.

5. Fusus assrmiuis, A. Adams. F’. testa elongato-fusiformi, ful-

vicante, epidermide tenui, fusco induta; spira elongata, acuta;

anfractibus decem, rotundatis, longitudinaliter plicato-costatis,

costis latis, medio subnodulosis, transversim valde liratis, liris

equalibus, subdistantibus ; apertura parva, ovali, labio producto,

intus transversim rugoso ; labro margine crenulato, intus sulcato ;

canali longiore, fere clauso, recto.

Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming.

Somewhat resembling in form and sculpture the F. turricula,

Kiener, but the outline of the whorls is nodosely ungulated.

6. Fusus nopicrnctus, A. Adams. FF. testa elongato-fusiformi,

dilute rufa, rufo-ferrugineo variegata ; spira elongata, acuta;

anfractibus convexis, transversim liratis, longitudinaliter nodoso-

plicatis, plicis in medio anfractuum tuberculatis productis ; aper-

tura ovali, labio transversim corrugato ; labro intus sulcato, canali

mediocri, recto, aperto.

Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming,

In this species the whorls are encircled with a series of conspicuous,

rib-like nodules, and the shell is variegated with rusty-brown, of which

there is a distinct transverse band on the last whorl.

7. AMpHrIpeRAsS (OvuLUM) TRaILii, A. Adams. A. testa elon-

gata, in medio angulata, carnea, albo marginata, lineis trans-

versis, impressis, obsoletis, cincta ; apertura angusta, canalibus

brevibus, valde emarginatis ; labio intus levi, sulco longitudinali

instructo, postice tumido ; labro in medio recto, transversim sul-

cato, extus albi-varicoso.

Hab. Malacca (Dr. Traill). Mus. Cuming.

This is an elongated species, somewhat angulated on the back, of

a pale flesh-tint in some varieties, and of a deeper pink in others,

and with the varix of the outer less white. In form it resembles,

most closely, O. formosum, Sow., but that species is crossed with

punctate, spiral lines.

223

8. PotyponTa maria, A. Adams. P. testa turbinato-conica,

granulata, albida, rubro maculata ac flammulata ; anfractibus con-

veviusculis, ultimo rotundato, plicato-noduloso, et, ad suturas, cor-

rugato, granulis in seriebus permultis, equalibus, regularibus, con-

Jertis, dispositis, basi cingulis granosis exsculpta, cavitate contorta,

umbilicum mentiente, cingulo elevato, in dente unico terminato, ex-

hibente ; labro intus sulcato. ;

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

A very beautiful, finely-granulated species, with the last whorl

rounded, and having many of the characters of Claviculus, thus

showing the close affinity of the two genera.

9. Dostn1a pesHAyest1, A. Adams. JD. testa solida, subventri-

cosa, cordato-orbiculari, rufescente, albo variegata, concentrice

lamellosa, lamellis incrassatis, equalibus, lunula profunda, cor-

data, umbonibus acutis, incurvatis, divergentibus, margine dorsali

postico declivi, vix arcuato ; intus alba, fascia lata purpurea pos-

tice ornata ; sinu siphonali obliquo, obtusiusculo.

Hab. North Australia. Mus. Cuming.

Like the brown varieties of D. scalaris in size and general appear-

ance, but the lamellz are sharper and more produced, the valves are

more ventricose, the lunule is wide, deep and cordiform, the lozenge

has rugose angulated ridges, and there is a broad purple streak in the

interior of the valves.

10. Dostnra coryne, A. Adams. OD. testa solida, cordato-orbi-

culari, subcompressa, luteo-albida, nitidiuscula, concentrice striata,

striis confertis, vix lamellosis, incrassatis, equalibus, lunula cor-

data, valde impressa, area lanceolata profunda, marginibus elevatis,

acutis ; margine dorsali vix arcuato ; sinu siphonali obliquo, apice

obtuso ; intus alba.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land (Mr. Gunn). Mus. Cuming.

A solid, rather compressed, and shining species, with the disk of

the valves nearly smooth owing to the slight elevation of the strize ;

the colour is pale yellowish white.

11. Dosrn1a tinEouAtTa, A. Adams. D. testa solida, subventri-

cosa, cordato-orbiculari, nitida, albido-cinerascente, ad umbones

rufescente, lineolis radiantibus, interruptis ornata ; concentrice

plicata, plicis incrassatis, subimbricatis, glabratis ; lunula pro-

funda, cordata; umbonibus subincurvatis, anteversis, divergenti-

bus ; margine dorsali postico declivi, arcuato; area lanceolata

profunda, marginibus elevatis angulatis lamellosis ; intus alba ;

sinu pallii impressionis acuto.

Hab. Borneo. Mus. Cuming.

The hinge in this species is very thick, and the teeth are very

strong; the interior is strengthened, near the beaks, with a callous

deposit. The surface is prettily marked with fine, irregular, longi-

tudinal lines.

12. Dosinta TRAILLI, A. Adams. D. solidiuscula, subcompressa,

orbiculato-quadrata, alba, vie equilaterali, umbonibus levibus,

224

parvis, viv centralibus, lunula oblongo-cordata ; concentrice striata,

striis medio confertis, elevatiusculis, nonnullis utrinque obsoletis,

alteris postice erectis, lamellatis, productis ; area lanceolata an-

gusta, marginibus regulariter lamellosis ; margine dorsali declivo ;

margine neulrali producto, rotundato ; intus alba.

Hab. Malacca (Dr. Traill). Mus. Cuming.

The strie are alternately obliterated towards the sides, which pro-

duces a crowned appearance in the middle of the valves. Like

D. Gruneri, Phil., it is strongly plicate at the lozenge.

13. Dosinta cypippr, A. Adams. JD. testa solidiuscula, sub-

ventricosa, albida, ad umbones luteola, rotundato-cordata, con-

centrice striata, striis confertis, vix elevatis ; longitudinaliter ra-

diatim crebre striata, lunula oblongo-cordata, umbonibus levibus,

area lanceolata angusta ; intus alba; sinu pallii impressionis ob-

liquo, profundo, apice obtuso.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land (Mr. Gunn). Mus. Cuming.

This is a neat-looking species, without any great distinguishing

peculiarity, except that, under the lens, the concentric, elevated strize

are finely engraved with radiating lines.

14. Dostnra stmpLex, A. Adams. D. testa solida, compressius-

cula, subquadrato-cordata, alba, inequilaterali, concentrice striata,

striis confertis, incrassatis, inequalibus, lunula oblongo-cordata,

umbonibus levibus, anteversis, area lanceolata angusta, margine

dorsali vix arcuato, latere postico subtruncato, subsinuato ; sinu

pallii impressionis lato, apice obtuso ; intus alba.

Hab. Singapore. Mus. Cuming.

In this species the elevated concentric striz are irregular, some

being more elevated than the others; the posterior side of the shell

is somewhat sinuated, and the sinus of the pallial line is very wide

with an obtuse apex.

15. Dosin1ta pitecta, A. Adams. OD. testa tenui, subventricosa,

orbiculato-cordata, alba, lamellis concentricis, distantibus, tenui-

bus, postice productis erectis, ornata; interstitiis nitidis, trans-

versim striatis ; lunula cordata, medio elevata; area lanceolata

angusta, marginihus lamellosis ; margine dorsali regulariter ar-

cuato; intus alba.

Hab. Malacca (Dr. Traill). Mus. Cuming.

A very elegant species, of a delicate structure, with the lamelle

‘thin and wide apart; the interstices shining and concentrically

striated ; and with the lozenge margined with elevated lamine.

16. Dostnta grunice, A, Adams. JD. testa solida, compressius-

cula, orbiculato-cordata, alba, nitida, radiatim obsolete sulcata,

concentrice striata, striis confertis, elevatis, equalibus, utrinque

erectis, sublamellaceis ; lunula triangulari, valide impressa, lamina

cardinali producta, acuta, area lanceolata marginibus angulatis ;

intus alba ; sinu pallit impressionis obliquo, profundo, angulato.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

225

In this species the margins of the lozenge er ligamental area are

acute, and the ligamental fossa is protected on each side by a pro-

duced lamina ; the lunule is very deep and nearly triangular, and the

concentric strize on the valves seem to be undulated on account of

the impressed grooves which radiate from the beaks. -

17. Lucina uacrea, A. Adams. L. testa crassa, orbiculari, sub-

ventricosa, lactea, vix obliqua, concentrice lamellosa, lamellis

distantibus, regularibus, interstitiis striis elevatis, radiantibus, et

lineis transversis decussatis, umbonibus fere medianis, prominulis ;

latere antico rotundato, subtruncato, et subangulato; postico

rotundato ; cardinis dente apicali antico, lato, prominente ; intus

incrassata alba, margine ventrali crenulato.

Hab. Swan River (Dr. Bacon) ; New Zealand (Mr. Strange).

Mus. Cuming.

A peculiar species, having somewhat the aspect of a Cordis, but

without any lateral teeth, and with the anterior primary tooth of one

valve very broad and dilated.

18. Lucina (Copakra) munpa, A. Adams. L. testa lenticulari,

convexiuscula, equilaterali, albida, costulis radiantibus, dichotomis,

ad latera divaricantibus, ornata; concentrice imbricato-striata ;

umbonibus medianis, minutis, anteversis ; lunula excavata, intus

lutescente ; margine ventrali radiaiim sulcato ; cardinis dentibus

apicalibus duobus, divergentibus, lateralibus, validis.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

A very neatly sculptured species, with dichotomous radiating ribs,

and with the inner margin of the valves radiately grooved.

19. Lucina (CRypropon) puicirera, A. Adams. L. testa

subquadrato-ovali, equilaterali, subcompressa, sordide alba, epi-

dermide fusca, tenui induta, concentrice plicata, plicis tenuibus,

distantibus, latere antico margine sinuato, sulco obliquo, ad mar-

ginem extendente, impresso ; latere postico obtuse angulato, mar-

gine subtruncato ; lunula elliptica ; cardinis dentibus apicalibus

nullis, dente laterali antico instructo; intus alba.

Hab. Borneo. Mus. Cuming.

This is a plicate species in which the primary teeth appear to be

obsolete or wanting, and where there is only a single lateral tooth in

each valve. This belongs to the form to which the name Cryptodon

has been given.

20. Luctna (Myrr#a) tayarpi, A. Adams. L. testa lenti-

culari, solida, convewiuscula, alba, equilaterali, costulis radian-

tibus, subnodoso-squamosis, ornata, concentrice sulcata, umboni-

bus minutis, centralibus, latere antico costis imbricato-lamellosis,

postico superne rectiusculo ; intus candida, margine ventrali crenu-

lato, intus radiatim sulcato. .

Hab. Ceylon (£. L. Layard, Esq.). Mus. Cuming.

In form and sculpture this aac very much resembles L. (Myr-

tea) Stranget, but it is much more compressed, and the radiating

ribs are more nodose than scaly.

226

21. Lucrna (Myrt#a) strancet, A. Adams. L. testa equila-

terali, solida, ventricosula, lenticulari, albida, costellis radiantibus

nodoso-squamosis, sculpta, concentrice sulcata, umbonibus media-

nis, viv prominulis; intus incrassata, alba, margine ventralt

crenulato, intus radiatim sulcato.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

In most of its characters this species approaches L. (Myrtea)

Layardii, but it is much more ventricose, and the radiating ribs are

more imbricately squamose than in that species.

22. DipLoponTa GLoBULosA, A. Adams. D. testa tenui, rotun-

data, subglobosa, vix obliqua, sordide alba, concentrice striolata,

umbonibus submedianis, anteversis, latere antico superne excavato,

postico rotundato ; cardinis dentibus apicalibus duobus, divaricatis,

subobsoletis, lateralibus nullis.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

This species appears distinct from any hitherto described, although

a great similarity runs through all the species of the genus.

23. Youp1a GLortosa, A. Adams. Y. testa elongato-transversa,

inequilaterali, utrinque hiante, lactea, tenui, subpellucida, nitente,

latere antico breviore, rotundato, linea impressa, obliqua ex um-

bonibus usque ad marginem ventralem, instructo ; latere postico

acuminato-rostrato ; concentrice plicato-lirata, plicis tenuibus,

confertis, postice obsoletis, antice distantioribus ; margine ventrali

sinuato.

Hab. Singapore. Mus. Cuming.

A very large and splendid species, having somewhat the character

of Y. lanceolata, Sow., but with the cartilage-pit nearer the anterior

end, and with the fore part broad and rounded.

24. Mactra pusitua, A.Adams. WM. testa subtrigono-ovata, equi-

laterali, tenui, nitente, concentrice striata, latere postico subangu-

lato, area elliptica longitudinaliter sulcata, latere antico longiore,

subangulato ; rosaceo-albida, maculis roseis radiatim dispositis,

irregulariter picta ; intus roseo variegata ; umbonibus rubiginosis.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange).

A small and prettily variegated species of Mactra, with the inte-

rior showing the rosy markings of the valves, and of a shining ap-

pearance externally.

25. Ne#ra Fracitis, A. Adams. J. testa oblongo-ovata, com-

pressiuscula, tenui, alba, vitrea, pellucida, nitida, concentrice

striata, latere antico breviore, rotundato clauso, postico longiore,

acuminato, subrostrato, hiante; margine ventrali postice sub-

sinualo.

Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.

This is a delicate glassy and fragile species, somewhat resembling

in external appearance a Yoldia. The cartilage is in a projecting

cavity of the hinge-plate, and there are no lateral teeth.

227

Dec. 11th, 1855.

Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair.

The following papers were read :—

1. Cuaracters or Two New Specizgs or TANAGERS.

By Puri Lutuey Scuater, M.A.

(Aves, Pl. CX.)

1. DuBUSIA AURICRISSA.

Dubusia cyanocephala’? Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 157.

D. supra flavescenti-olivaceo-viridis: capite nuchaque ceruleis: loris

nigris : subtus cerulescenti-cinerea: tectricibus subalaribus et

ventre imo crissaque cum tibiis vivide aureo-flavis.

Long. tota 65, ale 3°6, caudze 3:0.

Hab. in Nova Grenada, Bogota.

Obs. Species D. cyanocephale simillima, sed rostro minore, colore

dorsi flavescentiore olivaceo, capitis ceeruleo magis extenso, ventre

cerulescenti- neque albescenti-cinereo, et tectricibus subularibus nec-

non ventre imo crissoque cum tibiis vivide aureoflavis.

Since compiling the list of Bogota birds, in which I have included

this species under the name Dubusia cyanocephala ?, I have examined

D’Orbigny’s types of that bird in the Paris Museum, and find them

so different from the present as to lead me to conclude that they are

specifically distinct.

The present bird—which must be considered as the representative

of D. cyanocephala in the mountain ranges of New Grenada—is com-

mon in collections from Bogota. The British Museum contains ex-

amples of both the species. Those of D. cyanocephala were procured

by Mr. Bridges in Bolivia.

2. IRIDORNIS PORPHYROCEPHALA. (Pl. CX.)

Tanagra analis, Tschudi in Mus. Berolinensi.

I. supra purpurea, dorso imo et marginibus alarum et caude virides-

centibus: fronte, loris, mento summo et regione auriculari nigris :

gutture late et lete aureo-flavo: pectore summo purpurascente ;

ventre viridescente, medialiter rufescenti-ochraceo: ano intense

Ferruginescenti-castaneo : tectricibus alarum inferioribus virides-

centibus : rostro superiore nigro, inferiore albo.

Long. tota 5:6, alee 3-0, caudee 2°2.

Hab. in Nova Grenada et rep. Equatoriana.

Obs. Affinis Jridornithi anali, sed capite dorsoque summo purpu-

reis, pectore purpurascente et ventre viridescente facile distinguenda.

When at Berlin in 1854 I first noticed a specimen of this Tanager,

which is in the Museum there under the name “ Tanagra analis,

Tschudi.”” But having just before that had the opportunity of ex-

amining type specimens of the latter bird in the collections of

Bruxelles and Bremen, I saw at once that the present was to all

228

appearances a distinct although closely allied species, and accord-

ingly assigned to it a new name in my MS. At Neufchatel I

again saw "Tschudi’s analis (the types described in the Fauna Peruana

being contained in the Museum at that place), and I was also so

fortunate as to obtain by exchange, through the courtesy of M. Cou-

lon, ‘the Directeur of the Museum there, a duplicate example of

that species. Upon comparing this with a skin lately received by

Mr. Gould along with other birds from the neighbourhood of Quito,

I find the same differences as I had previously noted in the Berlin

Museum specimen; and, fortified by a second example, no longer

hesitate to introduce the bird as new to science under the title of

Tridornis porphyrocephala.

2. DescRiIpPTIONS OF (SUPPOSED) New Species AND VARIETIES

OF SHELLS, FROM THE CALIFORNIAN AND West Mexican

Coasts, PRINCIPALLY IN THE COLLECTION oF HvuGH

Cumine, Ese. By Puiuipe P. Carpenter.

1. PANDORA CLAVICULATA.

P. t. magna, complanata, alba, epidermide fusca induta ; antice

curtissima, postice valde rostrata ; rostro lato, valde projiciente,

sulco in ulraque valva ab umbone currente ; concentrice undulata;

margine ventrali maxime excurvato ; margine dorsali postico sub-

irregulariter arcuato ; cardine lira (quasi clavicula) ligamentum

Serente prelonga, dimidium ab umbone rostrum versus decurrente ;

dente antico satis producto; valva dextra denticulo tertio inter

alios munita ; cicatricibus muscularibus, antica rotundata, postica

ovali, a margine valde distantibus, inter quas punctularum catena ;

aliter pagina interna haud punctata.

Long. 1°23, lat. 1°78, alt. *22 poll.

Hab. Mazatlan : legit ‘‘ Conway Shipley, a olim Lieut. R.N.

Mus. Cuming.

This magnificent species differs from seat forms found in the

Philippines and New Zealand, in having the fold much larger, with

the dorsal margin less arcuated. In form it closely approximates

the Californian species, P. punctata, Conr.; but differs in the

absence of punctures (except at the pallial line), and in the remark-

able character of the hinge. In P. punctata, the ligament is (in one

valve) affixed to the outer margin, which is bent upwards to receive

it at right angles; in this, there is a sharp internal ridge, or clavicle,

fully one half of the entire length from the umbo to the beak, at the

base of which the ligament is situated.

2. Lyonsta (OsTEODESMA) DIAPHANA.

L. t. valde inequilaterali, irregulari, sed plerumque pyriformi ; al-

bida, tenuissima, translucida; epidermide nitida,albo-fusca induta ;

parte antica parba, satis excurvata; parte postica maxime pro-

longata, margine dorsali incurvato ; margine ventrali excurvato,

229

plerumque plus minusve hiante ; appendice ligamenti calcarea pro-

longata.

Long. °56, lat. +92, alt. °34 poll.

Hab. Mazatlan: legit C. Shipley, Esq. Mus. Cuming, Archer,

Darbishire, &c.

A small species, nearly as glossy as O. nitidum, Gould, from Calli-

fornia. In form it resembles L. cwneata, Gray, but is of a much

lighter colour and thinner texture, and is not truncated at the anterior

margin. The specimens brought by — Thorne, Esq., Paymaster of

the Navy, vary greatly in the amount of pedal gape, which in most

of Lieut. Shipley’s specimens is scarcely perceptible.

3. PeERIPLOMA EXCURVA.

P. t.“ P. Lean” simili, sed minus inequilaterali, margine ventrali

maxime excurvato, postice et antice magis hiante, minus equi-

valva, fossa cardinali et clavicula gracilioribus ; magna, tenui,

ventraliter arcuata, strits incrementi gracillimis ; epidermide tenu-

issima, vir antice rugosa ; cicatricibus muscularibus et pallii mar-

yini appropinquantibus, sinu modico, subtriangulato.

Long. 2°06, lat. 2°46, alt. 1°05 poll.

Hab. Mazatlan, teste Dr. Griiner. Mus. suo.

A very fine species, differing from P. Leana, Conr. (not to be

confounded with Cochlodesma Leana), and from P. argentaria,

Conr., in being much less inequilateral, with the ventral margin well

rounded.

4. PERIPLOMA PAPYRACEA.

P. t. suborbiculari, inequilaterali, inequivalva; parte postica bre-

_ vissima, rostrata, rostro curto, lato; tenuissima, diaphana, albida ;

superficie striis incrementi tenuibus, lineas radiantes huc et illuc

viz monstrante, granulis minimis induta, epidermide tenuissima ;

umbonibus prominentibus ; marginibus ventralibus et dorsalibus -

anticis subequaliter excurvatis, posticis subincurvatis ; fossa car-

dinali parva, solida, clavicula solidiuscula ; sinu pallii ore angus-

tiore, intus lato, vix angulato.

Long. *78, lat. 1:06, alt. -42 poll.

Hab. Mazatlan. Mus. Cuming.

A perfect valve, and a broken pair displaying the hinge in situ, are

all that are known of this beautiful species. It differs from the

others in its outline, the greater part of which is suborbicular, with

a short broad beak.

5. THRACIA SQUAMOSA.

T. t. 'T. villosiusculee” simili, sed magis transversa ; superficie

granulis distinctioribus instructa ; ligamento extus curtiori, intus

fulcro majore, minus declivi; sinu pallii angustiore, magis pro-

ducto. ;

Long. *72, lat. 1°14, alt. -38 poll.

Hab. Mazatlan: legit C. Shipley, Esq. Mus. Cuming.

Remarkably like the British species, from which it differs,—in the

230

shape, which is rather more transverse, lengthening the pallial sinus;

in the external granules, which are somewhat coarser; and in the

ligamental pit, which is rather larger, and therefore at a greater

angle from the margin.

6. ? ScROBICULARIA PRODUCTA.

? S. t. candida, tenui, sublevi, striis incrementi exillimis, confertis ;

antice et ventraliter maxime producta; margine anteriore bene ex-

curvato, postico valde undato, ventrali subincurvato ; umbonibus

prominentibus, appressis ; lunula indistincte impressa ; ligamentis,

externo magno, interno minimo, alteri adjacente ; dentibus cardi-

nalibus duobus, quarum alter bifidus, alter minimus ; cicatricibus

muscularibus, antica elongata, angusta, marginem ventralem ap-

propinguante ; postica subquadrata, intus undulata; sinu pallit

maximo ; pagina interna cardinem versus undulata.

Long. 1°45, lat. 1°88, alt. 7 poll.

Hab. Sinu Californiensi: legit C. Shipley, Esq. Mus. Cuming.

Resembles 8. angulata, Chemn., but differs in the great produc-

tion of the anterior ventral portion, in the development of the wave,

and in the length of the external ligament. This and the following

species form connecting links between Scrobicularia and Tellina.

7. ? SCROBICULARIA BIANGULATA.

? §. t. suborbiculari, subequilaterali, convexiuscula, striis concen-

tricis vir regularibus, postice undata, angulis duobus subobso-

letis ; ligamento externo tenuissimo, in sulcos alte impresso, semi-

interne sito ; ligamento interno fossa trigonali scalena sito, altert

adjacente ; dentibus cardinalibus in utraque valva duobus, conti-

guis, vix radiantibus ; cicatricibus muscularibus subovalibus, sinu

allii maximo ; alba, intus aureo tincta.

Long. 1°5, lat. 1-78, alt. °8 poll.

Hab. Sta. Barbara; legit T. Nuttall, Esq. Museo suo.

Differs from S. producta in form and texture, and also in the

comparative size of the external ligament, which in this species is

situated in a semi-internal furrow.

8. Donax SEMISTRIATUS.

D. t. parva, valde transversa, tumidiore; parte superficiei antica

levi, nitida; reliqua concentrice sulcata, sulcis impressis, inter-

dum bifurcatis ; striisque radiantibus evanescentibus, sulcos punc-

tantibus ; sulcis in parte postica valde celatis; aureo-fuscus, ad

umbones rubro-fuscus radiatus ; margine simpliciter crenulato.

Long. °4, lat. 8, alt. -2 poll.

Hab. in Sinu Californiensi. Mus. Cuming.

Somewhat resembles D. pulchellus, Hanl., but differs in the

markings, the anterior third of the surface being quite smooth, while

the remainder is furrowed with rather distant concentric lines, end-

ing suddenly, and slightly indented by evanescent striulee.

9. DiIPpLODONTA SUBQUADRATA.

D. t. subquadrata, valde inequilaterali, antice brevi; tenui, albo-

231

flavescente, epidermide tenuissima; striis incrementi evillimis,

ligamento subexterno ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis ; lateralibus

antico in utraque valva acuto, postico subobsoleto ; cicatricibus

muscularibus, antica a cardine remota, elongata, intus crenulata ;

postica irregulariter pyriformi; linea pallii margini appropin-

quante.

Long. *76, lat. °89, alt. °57 poll.

Hab. Mazatlan. Mus. Cuming.

In shape like Lucinopsis undata; remarkable for the anterior

lateral teeth.

10. CHITON MONTEREYENSIS.

C. t. ovata, subelevata (ad angulum 120°), sublevi; olivacea, valva

utraque ad jugum rubro-fusco maculata, lineis tenebrosioribus

valvis intermediis subradiantibus, valvis ultimis radiantibus; valvis

intermediis lineis diagonalibus subdistinctis, ad marginem subqua-

dratis, suturis conspicuis ; areis lateralibus lineis paucis radian-

tibus obsoletis; tota superficie punctulis creberrimis conferta,

subobsoletis, maxime ad areas laterales ; mucrone vix prominente ;

limbo coriaceo, ad marginem et in suturis piloso, setis planatis,

curtis, incurvatis ; intus valvarum marginibus haud valde arcuatis,

sinu parvo, ad jugum subimpresso.

Long. 2°4, lat. 1°42, alt. -45 poll.

Hab. Monterey, rupibus ad undarum tumultum expositis: legit

— Hartweg. Mus. Cuming.

Margin with numerous but not crowded, short, incurved, horny,

flattened hairs; shell very finely sculptured, dark olive, with very

dark rays slightly diverging from the summit of each valve, and very

conspicuous on the terminal one. The jugum is stained in each

valve with sienna.

11. CHITON HARTWEGII.

C. t. ovata, subelevata (ad angulum 125°), sublevi ; olivacea, macula

nigra in utroque jugi latere picta ; valvis sine lineis diagonalibus,

partim detritis, lineis incrementi conspicuis, tota superficie minu-

tissime irregulariter subgranulosis ; marginibus rotundatis, suturis

magnis ; limbo tenui, granulis minimis, confertissimis, irregulariter

munito ; intus valvarum marginibus arcuatis, lobis prominentibus,

sinu lato, haud alto; ad jugum viz impressus.

Long. 1°26, lat. 76, alt. +18 poll.

Hab. Monterey, cum precedente: legit idem diligentissimus.

Mus. Cuming.

A much smaller shell than the last, almost destitute of sculpture ;

with a blackish spot on each side of the jugum, but no radiating

lines.

12. CHITON NUTTALLI.

C. t. Chitoni Hartwegii” simili, sed latiore, depressa (ad angu-

lum 130°), superficie granulis majoribus, maxime marginem versus ;

232

marginibus quadratis, suturis nullis ; intus valvarum marginibus

valde arcuatis, sinu lato, alto.

Long. 1-05, lat. °8, alt. 24 poll.

Hab. Monterey, cum precedentibus ; legit idem diligentissimus,

et olim, primus in eas oras perscrutator, clarissimus T. Nuttall.

Mus. Cuming et Nuttall.

A small specimen in Mr. Cuming’s collection was passed over as

the young of C. Hartwegii ; but a fine one in Mr. Nuttall’s collection

distinctly displays the points of difference above indicated, which at

present appear of specific value. This specimen has much the ap-

pearance of a young Ch. articulatus, but differs essentially in the

character of the ligament.

13. CHITON REGULARIS.

C. t. elongata, elevata (ad angulum 110°), fusco-olivacea, jugo acuto;

valvis intermediis lineis diagonalibus haud conspicuis; areis late-

ralibus et valvis ultimis strigis radiantibus, areis centralibus

strigis longitudinalibus, parallelis ; mucrone parvo; marginibus

valvarum subrotundatis, suturis modicis; limbo squamoso, squamis

oblongis, irregulariter tessellatis; intus valvarum marginibus haud

valde arcuatis, sinu lato, haud alto ; ad jugum linea impressa.

Long. 1°1, lat. 58, alt. +25 poll.

Var. T. cerulea, strigis prope marginem subgranulosis.

Hab. Monterey ; sub saxis legit — Hartweg. Mus. Cuming,

A very similar species, but with larger scales on the margin, is

from New Zealand, and at present undescribed in the Cumingian

Collection.

14. CHITON ACUTUS.

C. t. ovata, valde elevata (ad angulum 105°), tenui ; olivacea, inter -

dum maculis tenebrosioribus ; lineis diagonalibus vix monstranti-

bus ; areis lateralibus et valvis ultimis tenuissime granulosis, gra-

nulis longis, irregulariter radiantibus ; areis centralibus iisdem

lineis longitudinalibus undatis instructis ; marginibus valvarum

subquadratis, suturis parvis ; jugo acuto, mucrone inconspicuo ;

limbo angusto, sublevi, tenui; intus virescente, valuarum margi-

nibus et jugo impresso albidis ; valvarum marginibus vix arcuatis,

sinu parvo, inciso.

Long. °9, lat. *5, alt. -2 poll.

Hab. Sta. Barbara: olim legit T. Nuttall. Mus. suo.

A very sharply angled, thin, delicately marked species, with ex-

tremely thin margin, and the edges of the valves deeply cut within.

15. Curron ornatus, Nutt. MS.

C. t. subrotundata, depressa (ad angulum 130°), fusco-olivacea,

utraque parte jugi tenebrosius maculata; lineis diagonalibus, et

in ultima valva lineis x. radiantibus, nodulis validis instructis ;

areis lateralibus et valvis ultimis nodulis radiatim instructis ;

areis centralibus lineis nodulosis longitudinalibus, vix undatis,

interstitiis alte decussatis; valvarum marginibus subquadratis,

233

suturis parvis ; mucrone vie monstrante ; intus virescente, rufo

tincta; marginibus valvarum valde sinuatis, sinu angulato; ad

jugum vix impressa; limbo valde piloso, setis longis, fortibus,

incurvatis.

Long. 1°05, lat. *8, alt. +22, poll.

Hab. San Diego ; olim legit T. Nuttall. Mus. suo.

The sculpture of this species is very strongly marked; the mar-

ginal hairs rather long, short and crowded *.

16. PatreLua ?TOREUMA, var. TENUILIRATA.

P. t. valde depressa, oblonga, diaphana; colore corneo, fusco-pur-

pureo irregulariter flammato; liris circiter xxii., tenuissimis, inter-

stitiis obsolete striatis ; apice subprominente, circiter quinta parte

longitudinis sita; pagina interna valde iridescente.

Long. 1°38, lat. 1, alt. *28, poll.

Hab, Monterey ; legit — Hartweg. Mus. Cuming.

This shell appears to agree with P. toreuma, Rve., in all essential

respects ; but instead of the fine regular strize of that species, there

are a few delicate principal ribs, with obsolete strize between. As its

neighbour, P. Oregona, sometimes developes large ribs, and is at

other times nearly smooth, this has not been considered a sufficient

difference to constitute a species, until more is known of its variable

powers.

17. GALERUS! SINENSIS, var. FUSCUS.

G. ? Sinensis, t. rufo-fusca, huc et illuc lineis declivis instructa.

This shell, marked ‘‘ Gulf of California,” Mus. Cuming, but with-

out authority, differs essentially from G. mamillaris, Brod. (=regu-

laris, C. B. Ad.), and is not to be distinguished from the British

specimens of G. Sinensis, except by the colour, and by a few irre-

gular diagonal lines here and there, which are probably an individual

peculiarity. In the collection of R. M‘Andrew, Esq. are several

specimens of the true G. Sinensis from the Mediterranean, of an

equally dark colour. It is impossible, therefore, to found a specific

distinction on this circumstance alone. It is here described in order

to direct the attention of collectors in that region to the subject. It

would be very remarkable should the species be proved to inhabit

so remote a locality. The specimen in question may have been

imported.

18. GALERUS SUBREFLEXUS.

G. t. irregulari, conica, rufo-fusca, radiatim tenui-striata ; striis

aculeatis ; sutura impressa; vertice involuto, apice depresso ;

lamina interna apicem versus ad duas trientes reflexa, umbilicum

magnum monstrante, margine dilatata, haud angulata.

Lat. *75, alt. *4, poll.

Hab. In Sinu Californiensi. Mus. Cuming.

* The specimens described not being my own property, I did not dare to ex-

amine the insertions of the valves with a view to determine the genus. It is pos-

sible that some of these species have been already described by Dr. Gould in the

Expedition Shells (pp. 5, 6), the plates to which are, alas! not yet published.

No. CCXCIX.—ProcerEpincs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

234

Differs from G. striatus, Brod. (which must not be confounded

with Dispotea striata, Say), in its much more delicate, irregular,

finely spinous strize ; and in the form of the internal lamine, which

in this species is reflected back over two-thirds, in G. striata over the

whole, forming a much larger umbilical region. The vertex of this

shell is rather prominent, and is formed like a tumid Planorbis, with

a sunken apex.

19. FissuRELLA NIGROCINCTA.

F. t. ovali, lata, conica ; alba, lineis nigris radiantibus eleganter

picta ; striis radiantibus tenue celata ; apertura subcentrali, ob-

scure trilobata; intus alba, margine tenue crenulato, denticulis

nigris ; callositate alba, linea nigra cincta.

Long. °75, lat. *52, alt. *3, poll.

Differs from the young of F’. alba in its greater breadth, less com-

pressed growth, finer strize and crenulations; from F’. nigropunctata,

in the black line round the callosity ; and from both in the form of

the hole, which is trilobed, not contracted in the middle.

20. Cattoroma (TurRBO) ?FLUCTUATUM, var. DEPRESSUM.

C. t. valde depressa, anfractibus v., quarum ultimus tumidus, sutura

impressa ; liris spiralibus circiter xxx., quarum plerumque v.

majores sunt, subrugosis ; viridi, punctis albis transversim in liris

subirregulariter dispositis ; apertura ad basin posteriusque pro-

ducta; columella paulum excavata, non umbilicata.

Long. 2°02, lat. 2°04, long. spir. *78, poll. ; div. 110°.

Hab. California. Mus. Cuming.

Syn. Turbo fluctuatus, var., Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. viii. f. 34.

Among many hundred specimens examined of the true C. fluctuatum

from the Mazatlan Collection, there was not one approaching this

shell. Nevertheless, as there is in the British Museum a somewhat

intermediate form, it may possibly be a variety of that species. The

operculum is unfortunately wanting in Mr. C.’s specimens : until that

has been examined, the point must remain in abeyance.

21. Liriora DIvIsA.

L. t. parva, anfractibus ix., quarum vi. primi subturriti, liris trans-

versis striisque spiralibus decussati, ultimique tres subleves sunt,

tumidiores, striulis plus minusve appressis, spiralibus, maxime ad

basin, tenuissime ornata; nonnunquam linea suturam impressam

subeunte ; subdiaphana, fusca ; labro acuto ; labio vie monstrante;

columella truncata, infra maxime undata.

Long. °13, lat. -06, long. spir. *07, poll. ; div. 30°.

Hab. Cape San Francisco: legit clar. Hinds. Mus. Cuming.

This is the only species hitherto recorded from the west coast of

N. America; the ?Z. saxicola of C. B. Ad. not belonging to the

genus. Exactly the same species was taken in abundance “‘ among

small drifted canes, Straits of Sunda,’’ Mus. Archer. It is remark-

able for the different character of the first six and the last three

235

whorls; the decussated portion suddenly becoming smooth, the

joining whorl being often irregular in growth.

22. SCALARIA REFLEXA.

S. t. turrita, anfractibus x. valde disjunctis, levibus ; varicibus in

anfractu utroque v. magnis, valde prominentibus, ad marginem

reflexis, supra in spira brevi semitubulari productis ; lineis varicum

subspiralibus ; vertice levi; apertura circulari, ad basin haud

umbilicata.

Long. °6, lat. (spinas includens) ‘21, long. spir. *45, poll. ;

div. 40°.

Hab. San Blas, prope Sinum Californiensem; unicum legit — Don-

nell, R.N. Mus. Cuming.

Most nearly allied to S. mitreformis, Sow., and remarkable for

the large size of the varices, which are reflexed, and produced at the

shoulder into a semitubular spout. The varical lines make about

one revolution from the apex to the base. In the very young shell

the varices are not shouldered, and are more numerous.

3. Description oF Two New Species or ACTINIA, FROM THE

Soutu Coast or Devon. By E. W. H. Hotpsworts.

(Radiata, Pl. V.)

Among various species of Actinia collected by me in July last, on

the south coast of Devon, two appear to be undescribed, and although

of small size, are of some interest in being additions to the fast

increasing list of our native zoophytes.

They were found on the rocks near the entrance to Dartmouth

harbour, a part of our western coast, which, from its steep rugged

character and its luxuriant growth of sea-weeds, presents a fruitful

hunting-ground for those in search of marine productions.

The first that I have to notice may be thus characterized :—

Body smooth and cylindrical when fully extended, from half to

three-quarters of an inch in height, but very much flattened when

contracted ; tentacula in four rows, moderately long, slender, and

slightly tapering towards the tips, their length regularly diminishing

from those of the inner circle outwards. The entire animal has a

pale transparent appearance, and the only trace of decided colour

about it is found in a narrow dark blue line surrounding the base of

each tentaculum, and extending a little in the direction of the mouth,

but soon becoming indistinct. Very delicate white lines are at times

visible on the surface of the body, but these are probably only the

edges of the membranous septa seen through the transparent skin.

When this animal is at all roughly handled, the long seminal fila-

ments are thrown out from the mouth in great profusion. This

little anemone approaches very closely in many respects the de. ean-

dida of Mr. Gosse, and J am indebted to that gentleman for his ready

assistance in determining the differences between them. de. candida

may be distinguished by its possessing fewer tentacles, by the colour

236

of the body being of a more opake white, and especially by the narrow

lines surrounding each tentaculum being of a reddish-purple tint, and

enlarging into a conspicuous spot on each side of its base. In their

habits and general appearance they are very much alike, and had I

obtained only one example of the pale species, I should hardly have

ventured to consider it more than a variety. Ten specimens, how-

ever, were taken from different places, and did not vary except in

size ; they were found on the exposed surface of perpendicular rocks

at about half-tide mark, and when out of the water and contracted,

were very difficult to distinguish, owing to their great transparency.

I propose for this species the name of pallida.

It has been my custom, after any expeditions in search of Actinie,

to bring home one or two plants of Laminaria digitata, in order to

examine at my leisure the various forms of animal life commonly met

with among their tangled roots; and it was on one of these plants I

found, in company with minute Ophiocome, green Nereides and

numerous other animals, the beautifully marked anemone that I have

now to describe.

It has the following characters :—

Body elongate, cylindrical, about three-quarters of an inch in length,

when extended, the upper half covered with numerous pale perforated

warts, increasing in number as they approach the top, and from

which the white filaments are protruded when the animal is irritated.

Tentacula in five rows. Colour of the body a dark orange, becoming

paler towards the base. This species is chiefly remarkable for the

beauty of its oral disk, which for colouring and elegance of marking

will bear comparison with that of any of the larger kinds. The external

half of the disk is of a rich purplish-brown, changing into a light

orange tint towards the mouth, the pink tumid lips of which are

frequently conspicuous ; from near the centre diverge ten or twelve

pairs of yellow bands slightly separating as they proceed outwards,

and at their extremities partially surrounding the bases of the tenta-

cula, according to the following arrangement. Taking a small seg-

ment of the disk, the first tentacle may be said to arise from the

space between two pairs of bands, the second being situated within

the pair; the band bifurcates near its extremity, and encloses the

third tentacle ; these branches again divide and form a similar enclo-

sure for the arms of the fourth row: beyond these is a set of very

short tentacula; these, as far as I have been able to examine them,

are not connected with the yellow bands, but their small size and the

difficulty of seeing their entire length when the animal is expanded,

render it almost impossible to describe their exact appearance. On

the surface of the disk a cream-coloured spot is situated near the

base of each tentacle of the first and second rows, those connected

with the inner series being farther removed from them than those of

the second; the alternation of light and shade produced by this

arrangement gives a battlemented appearance to the disk, and adds

considerably to the general effect. The tentacula rapidly diminish

in size from those of the inner row outwards; they are dark brown

at the bases, becoming paler towards the tips, and are encircled by

—

237

three well-defined white rings, of which the basal ones are very

distinct. Several examples of this species were obtained at extreme

low water-mark, from a large mass of detached rocks known as the

Mewstone, near the entrance to Dartmouth harbour. They were met

with on two or three occasions, but were always found nestling among

the roots of Laminaria digitata.

A few weeks since, part of a plant of Laminaria was sent to me

from Devon, and among the roots I found six specimens of an

Actinia that closely resembled the one just described, excepting that

the brown on the tentacula and certain parts of the disk was replaced

by various shades of red. These animals differ so little, except in

the general colour of the disk and appendages, that until I have an

opportunity of examining some more specimens, I must consider the

red one as only a variety of the other, and as such I would pro-

visionally describe it. This uncertainty obliges me to depart from

the old-established rule of giving the specific name from some marked

character in the animal, and I must therefore propose the more

general title of ornata for the brown species, and suggest that of

vubida for the red one, should it on future examination prove to be

distinct, which I am inclined to think is probable.

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INDEX.

The names of New Species, and of Species newly characterized, are printed in

Roman Characters: those of Species previously known, in /¢talies: those of Species

respecting which Anatomical Observations are made, in Capiraxs.

Acanthylis rutila, Vieill., 135

Accipiter erythrocnemius, Gray, 134

Achatina atramentaria, Pfr., n. sp., 116

chrysallis, Pfr., n. sp., 99

Dunkeri, Pir., 9

erecta, Benson, 9

ineequalis, Pfr., n. sp., 99

Yatesi, Pfr., n. sp., 99

— (Glandina) conularis, Pfr., n. sp.,

100

—— —— filosa, Pfr., n. sp., 100

insignis, Pfr., n. sp., 100

—— —— nystiana, P/r., n. sp., 100

—— (Oleacina) Binneyana, Pfr., n. sp.,

117

Achatinella, 1

—— albida, Pfr., n. sp., 203

amcena, Pfr., n. sp., 2

—— apicata, Newce., n. sp., 210

—— aptycha, P/r., n. sp., 1

—— attenuata, Pfr., n. sp., 4

candida, Pfr., n. sp., 2

—— cerea, Pfr., n. sp., 2

—— Chamissoi, Pfr., n. sp., 98

— chlorotica, Pfr., n. sp., 202

—— cinerosa, Pfr., n. sp., 2

—— Clementina, Pfr., n. sp., 205

— conspersa, Pfr., n. sp., 7

—— crassidentata, Pfr., n. sp., 6

cuneus, Pfr., n. sp., 205

—— dentata, Pfr., n. sp., 7

—— dimidiata, Pfr., n. sp., 205

—— dolium, Pfr., n. sp., 5

— Dunkeri, Cuming, n. sp., 208

—— Dwighti, Newe., n. sp., 207

—— elevata, Newe., n. sp., 209

—— extincta, Pfr., n. sp., 204

Ferussaci, Pfr., n. sp., 203

Forbesiana, Pfr., n. sp., 5

—— Fricki, P/r., n. sp., 3

—— fulva, Newe., n. sp., 208

—— fusiformis, Pfr., n. sp., 5

Achatinella globosa, Pfr., nu. sp., 7

glutinosa, Pfr., n. sp., 204

— goniostoma, Pfr., n. sp., 203

—— gracilis, Pfr., n. sp., 6

Grayana, Pfr., n. sp., 204

grossa, Pfr., n. sp., 204

—— Hanleyana, Pfr.,.n. sp., 202

humilis, Newe., n. sp., 207

inflata, Pfr., n. sp., 203

—— irregularis, Pfr., n. sp., 205

luctuosa, Pfr., n. sp., 204

—— lurida, Pfr., n. sp., 206

macrostoma, Pfr., n. sp., 2

—— Maniensis, Newe., n. sp., 207

—— margarita, P/r., n. sp., 206

— monacha, Pfr., n. sp., 3

—— multicolor, P/r., n. sp., 4

napus, Pfr., n. sp., 5

nigra, Newe., n. sp., 209

nobilis, Pfr., n. sp., 202

—— obclavata, Pfr., n. sp., 98

—— obelisca, Pfr., n. sp., 206

—— obtusa, Newc., n. sp., 209

oryza, Pfr., n. sp., 206

—— oviformis, Newc., n. sp., 208

petricola, Newe., n. sp., 208

planospira, Pfr., n. sp., 3

pulchella, Pfr., n. sp., 6

pulla, Newe., n. sp., 209

—— Remyi, Newe., n. sp., 207

rudis, Pfr., n. sp., 5

— semicostata, P/r., n. sp., 206

— Sowerbyana, Pfr., n. sp., 4

succincta, Newe., n. sp., 209

—— Swainsoni, Pfr., n. sp., 4

teres, Pfr., n. sp., 206

—— Tetrao, Newce., n. sp., 207

—— transversalis, Pfr., n. sp., 204

— umbilicata, Pfr., n. sp., 205

undulata, Newe., n. sp., 209

valida, Pfr., n. sp., 6

ventrosa, Pfr., u. sp., 6

240

Achatinella vidua, Pfr., 0. sp., 3

zebrina, Pfr., n. sp., 202

—— (Auriculella) Chamissoi, Pfr., n. sp.,

(Leptachatina) obclavata, Pfr., n.

sp., 98 ;

Achatinellastrum, Pfr., 5, 205

Clementinum, P/r., n. sp., 205

conspersum, Pfr., n. sp., 7

crassidentatum, Pfr., n. sp., 6

cuneum, Pfr., n. sp., 205

globosum, Pfr., n. sp., 7

gracile, Pfr., n. sp., 6

napus, Pfr., n. sp.,5

pulchellum, Pfr., n. sp., 6

validum, Pfr., n. sp., 6

ventrosum, Pfr., n. sp., 6

Actinia candida, Gosse, 235

erassicornis, 85

ornata, Holdsw., n. sp., 237

pallida, Holdsw., n. sp., 236

rubida, Holdsw., 237

Actites hypoleuca, 50

Adelomyia melanogenys, Fraser, 140

Admete borealis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 122

viridula, 122

ABgithalus flaviceps, Sundev., 75

Agarites, 36

Aglaia erythrotis, Jard., 157

Wilsoni, Lafr., 158

Agrilorhinus Bonapartei, Fraser, 138

Ailuri, 126

Alauda chrysolema, Wagl., 66

minor, Giraud, 66

Alaudine, 160

Alcedinide, 136

Alectrurine, 148

Amastra, Pfr., 205

—— irregularis, Pfr., n. sp., 205

Amblypneustes, 36

ovum, 36

Amoria, Gray, 64

—— lineata, Gray, 64

maculata, Gray, 64

marmorata, Gray, 64

reticulata, Gray, 64

Turneri, Gray, 64

—— undulata, Gray, 64

Zebra, Gray, 64

Ampelion arcuatus, Lafr., 152

cinctus, Tsch., 142

rubricristatus, Lafr., 152

rufocristatus, Boiss., 152

Ampelis cincta, Tsch., 152

Amphidesma, 53

Amphiperas Traillii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 222

Anabasitta squamigera, Lafr., 142

Anabates Boissoneauii, Lafr., 141

flammulatus, Eyton, 141

Anaulus, Pfr., n. g., 105

--—— bombycinus, Pfr., n. sp., 105

INDEX.

Andigena nigrirostris, Waterh., 161

Anisognathus lacrimosus, Dubus, 157

Anseres, 164

Anthropoides Virgo, 34

Anthus Bogotensis, Scl., n. sp., 109, 144

Antilocapra Americana, Gray, 10

anteflexa, Gray, n. sp., 10

Aquila chrysaétos, Linn., 128

imperialis, Linn., 128

Arbacia, 36

Arbaciade, Gray, 36

Arboricola, 126

Archiplanus leucorhamphus, Bp., 153

Arctonetta, G. R. Gray, n. g., 212

Fischeri, Brandt, 212

Ardea Caboga, 70

cinerea, 35

nycticorax, 71

ARNEE, 17

| Aromochelys, Gray, n. g., 199

carinata, Gray, n. sp-, 199

odorata, Gray, n. sp., 199

Arremon axillaris, Sclater, 154

conirostris, Bp., 154

erythrorhynchus, Scl., n. sp., 83,154

—— mystacalis, Sclater, 155

ophthalmicus, Dubus, 155

rufivertex, Lafr., 157

spectabilis, Sclater, 83

Astropyga, Gray, n. g., 36

depressa, Gray, n. sp., 38

Astur palumbarius, 128

Ateuchoglossus, 217

Aulacorhamphus albivitta, Boiss., 161

castaneirhynchus, Gould, 161

Aulapoma grande, Pfr., n. sp., 104

Aulica aulica, Adams, 56

luteostoma, Adams, 57

marmorata, Adams, 64

nivosa, Adams, 56

— Norrisii, Adams, 56

—— piperita, Adams, 56

pulchella, Adams, 56

—— punctata, Adams, 57

—— rutila, Adams, 56

scapha, Adams, 62

— vespertilio, Adams, 56

Auriculella, Pfr., 1

auricula, Fér., 1

cerea, Pfr., n. sp., 2

—— Chamissoi, Pfr., n. sp., 98

lurida, Pfr., n. sp., 206

— obelisca, P/r., n. sp., 206

Petitiana, Pfr., 1

pusilla, Gould, 1

Basileuterus Belli, Giraud, 65

Brasieri, Giraud, 66

chrysophrys, Bp., 65

coronatus, Tsch., 144

—— culicivorus, Bp., 66

—— Delattrii, Bp., 144

Basileuterus vermivorus, Cab., 144

Batagur, 197

Bela arctica, 4. Adams, n. sp., 121

Boletia, 36

—— pileolus, 36

Bos, 125

Arnee, 17

Brachygalba, Bonap., 15

albiventris, Bp., 15

inornata, Sclater, 15

— melanosterna, Sclater, 15

Buarremon albifrenatus, Boiss., 155

albinuchus, Lafr., 155

assimilis, Boiss., 155

— leucopterus, Sclater, n. sp., 214

pallidinuchus, Boiss., 155, 214

—— schistaceus, Boiss., 155, 214

Bucecinum, 119

Arabicum, Martin, 58

Bucco bicinctus, 196

—— Chacuru, 196

collaris, 196

—— Dysoni, Gray, 193, 196

— gigas, Bp., 193

— hyperrhynchus, Selater, 193, 196

lanceolatus, 196

—— macrodactylus, Spix, 136, 193

macrorhynchus, 193, 196

—— maculatus, 196

ordi, 196

—— pectoralis, 196

—— picatus, Sclater, n. sp., 194, 196

—— pulmentum, Bp., 194, 196

radiatus, Sclater, 136, 196

—— ruficollis, 196

striatipectus, 196

— Swainsoni, 196

tamatia, Bp., 194, 196

tectus, 196

Bucconide, 136, 193

Bulimella, Pfr., 2

—— attenuata, Pfr., n. sp., 4

— candida, Pfr., n. sp., 2

cinerosa, Pfr., n. sp., 2

— dolium, Pfr., n. sp., 5

— Forbesiana, P/r., n. sp., 5

— Fricki, Pfr., n. sp., 3

— Hanleyana, P/r., n. sp., 202

— monacha, P/r., n. sp., 3

—— multicolor, Pfr., n. sp., 4

nobilis, Pfr., n. sp., 202

—— planospira, P/r., n. sp., 3

— Sowerbyana, Pfr., n. sp., 4

—— Swainsoni, P/r., n. sp., 4

— vidua, P/r., n. sp., 3

Bulimus abscissus, Pfr., n. sp., 116

—— amandus, Pfr., n. sp., 96

—— arcuatostriatus, Pfr., n. sp., 95

—— Bogotensis, Pfr., n. sp., 93

capillaceus, P/r., n. sp., 93

—— ceratacme, Pfr., n. sp., 8

INDEX. 241

Bulimus chameleon, Pfr., n. sp., 116

cinerosus, Pfr., n. sp., 107

—— Cocapatensis, Pfr., n. sp., 115

— confluens, Pfr., n. sp., 115

—— convexus, Pfr., n. sp., 116

cuticula, Pfr., n. sp., 95

—— Eddystonensis, Pfr., n. sp., 8

episcopalis, Pfr., n. sp., 115

— Hainesi, P/r., n. sp., 115

— hololeucus, Pfr., n. sp., 93

incarnatus, Pfr., n. sp., 95

integer, Pfr., n. sp., 114

juvenilis, Pfr., n. sp., 97

— lacerta, Pfr., n. sp., 94

—— latilabris, Pfr., n. sp., 7

—— Macgillivrayi, Pfr., n. sp., 108

—— melanacme, Pfr., n. sp., 96

—— Meobambensis, Pfr., n. sp., 96

—— musivus, Pfr., n. sp., 95

—— peregrinus, Pfr., n. sp., 9

—— Petersi, Pfr., n. sp., 97

—— plumbeus, P/r., n. sp., 114

protractus, Pfr., n. sp., 94

—— rectilinearis, Pfr., n. sp., 96

—— saccatus, Pfr., n. sp., 94

—— serratus, Pfr., n. sp., 94

—— signifer, Pfr., n. sp., 8

Singaporensis, Pfr., n. sp., 96

—— Strangei, Pfr., n. sp., 8

Trailli, Pfr., n. sp., 106

verrucosus, P/r., n. sp., 116

Yatesi, Pfr., n. sp., 93

Bungarus annularis, 130

Bustamantia capitaurea, Bp., 159

Buteo scolopterus, Pr. Max., 134

Buthraupis cucullata, Jardine, 157

eximia, Boiss., 157

Caccabis, 126

Cacicus uropygialis, Lafr., 173

Cereba cerulea, Linn., 137

Calandrella brachydactyla, 50

Callipara, Gray, 62

bullata, Gray, 62

Calliste atricapilla, Lafr., 158

aurulenta, Lafr., 157

Boliviana, Bp., 158

chrysophrys, Sclater, 157

— celicolor, Sclater, 157

—— cyanicollis, Lafr., 158

—— guttulata, Bp., 157

—— gyroloides, Lafr., 158

inornata, Gould, n. sp., 158

Labradorides, Boiss., 158

Mexicana, 158

nigriviridis, Lafr., 158

Parzudakii, Lafr., 158

—— ruficapilla, Sclater, 158

—— ruficervix, Prevost, 158

Sclateri, Lafr., 158

thalassina, Strickl., 158

venusta, Sclater, 158

242

Calliste xanthogastra, Sclater, 157

Callopoma depressum, Carp., n. sp., 234

SJluctuatum, 234

Callothorax Heliodori, Boure., 141

Mulsanti, Boure., 141

Calurus Antisianus, d’Orb., 137

fulgidus, Gould, 137

Campephaga, 127

Campephilus Malherbii, Gray, 161

Campylorhynchus brevirostris, Lafr., 143

hypostictus, Gould, n. sp., 68

scolopaceus, Spix, 68

zonatoides, Lafr., 143

Cancellaria clathrata, 4. Adams, n. sp.,

123

crenulata, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 124

foveolata, 123

nitidula, 4. ddams, n. sp., 123

tenuis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 123

Cannabina, Brehm, 216

Capito Bourcieri, Lafr., 162

Hartlaubi, Lafr., 162

Peruvianus, Cuvy., 162

Richardsoni, Gray, 162

Capitonide, 162

Caprimulgus, 28

Caprolagus, 126

Carabide, 119

Cardellina amicta, Dubus, 66

rubrifrons, Giraud, 66

Carduelis Mexicana, Swains., 65

Carpodacus Thura, Bp., 215

Caryothraustes Brasiliensis, 15

Cayanensis, 15

Cassis, 65

Catamblyrhynchus diadema, Lafr., 159

Catamenia analis, Lafr., 159

Cataulus aureus, Pfr., n. sp., 118

Centropus, 127

Centurus rubriventris, Swains., 162

subelegans, Bp., 162

Ceriornis, 126

Certhia albifrons, Giraud, 66

Certhilauda bifasciata, 47

—— dumetorum, Stanley, 50

Certhiola luteola, Cab., 138

Ceryle Amazona, Gmel., 136

Americana, Gmel., 136

Chama glycimeris, Ald., 218

Chamepelia granatina, Bp., 163

passerine, 163

Chameza, 164

marginata, Max., 145

—— mollissima, Sclater, n. sp., 89, 145

nobilis, Gould, 68

olivacea, Tsch., 145

Chetura brunneitorques, Lafr., 135

Chalcophaps, 127 .

Chaptia, 127

Charadriade, 80

Charadrius minor, Wagl., 80

INDEX.

Charadrius pluvialis, 80

Chelidoptera albipennis, 196

tenebrosa, Pallas, 136, 196

Chelidorynx, 127

Chelodina sulcata, 206

Chelydide, 200

Chelydra, 200

Colliei, Gray, n. sp., 200

— longicollis, 200

—— oblonga, 200

serpentina, 200

Chibia, 127

Chiroxiphia melanocephala, Vieill., 151

Chiton acutus, Carpt., n. sp., 232

articulatus, 232

— Hartwegii ,Carpt., n. sp., 231

—— Macgillivrayii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 120

—— Montereyensis, Carpt., n. sp., 231

—— Nuttallii, Carpt., n. sp., 231

ornatus, Nuttall, n. sp., 232

regularis, Carpt., n. sp., 232

Chlorenas albilinea, Bp., 163

Chlorochrysa calliparea, Tsch., 158

Chloronerpes Cecilit, Malh., 161

Sumigatus, Lafr., 161

Chlorophanes atricagilla, Vieill., 137

Chlorophonia longipennis, Dubus, 158

Pretrei, Lafr., 159

Chlorornis Riefferi, Boiss., 154

Chlorospingus albitemporalis, Lafr., 155

atripileus, Lafr., 155

canigularis, Lafr., 155

Jlavigularis, Sclater, 155

—— flavipectus, Lafr., 155

melanotis, Sclater, 155

— rubrirostris, Lafr., 155

—— superciliaris, Lafr., 155

verticalis, Lafr., 155

Chrysococcyx, 127

Chrysomitris Columbiana, Lafr., 159

Mexicana, Sw., 65

spinescens, Bp., 159

Chrysoptilus canipileus, Lafr., 161

Cayanensis, Bp., 161

punctigula, Bodd., 161

Chrysuronia enone, Less., 141

Cichalopia vulpina, Bp., 141

Cicindelide, 119

Ciconia leucocephala, 72

Cidaride, Gray, 35

Cidaris, 35

annulata, Gray, n. sp., 37

ornata, Gray, n. sp., 37

—— spinulosa, Gray, n. sp., 38

verticillata, Gray, n. sp., 37

Cinclocerthia, G. R. Gray, 213

brachyura, Vieill., 214

gutturalis, Lafr., 214

ruficauda, Gould, 214

Cinclops, Bp., 213

melanoleucus, Bp., 214

INDEX. 243

Cinnicerthia canifrons, Lafr., 143

— unicolor, Less., 143

unirufa, Lafr., 143

Circaétus, 128

Cissa, 127

Cissopis minor, Tsch., 154

Cistudo, 197

Carolinensis, 197

Mewicana, 197

Cladoscopus Temmincki, Reich., 142

Clea, H. et A. Adams, n. g., 119

nigricans, H. et 4. ddams, 119

Cleride, 19

Clytolema rubrinoides, Bourc., 140

Cobra Capello, 130

Coccothraustine, 154

Cochlodesma Leana, 229

Cochoa, 127

Ceeligena typica, Bp., 140

Colaptes elegans, Fraser, 162

Colibri anais, Less., 139

cyanotis, Bourc., 139

Delphine, Less., 139

Colobocentrotus, 37

Columba enas, 34

— Hodgsoni, 126

— leuconota, 126

Compsocoma, Cadanis, 84

— flavinucha, 84

— notabilis, Jard., 84

—— sumptuosa, 84

Victorinii, Lafr., 84, 157

Compsothlypis Brasiliana, Licht., 143

Conirostrum albifrons, Lafr., 75, 138

atrocyaneum, Lafr., 75, 138

bicolor, Less., 75

—— ceruleifrons, Less., 75, 138

—— cinereum, Lafr., 75

— Colombianum, Less., 75

—— ferrugineiventre, Sclater, n. sp., 74

Suscum, Less., 75

—— ornatum, Townsend, 75

—— rufum, Lafr., 75, 138

—— sitticolor, Lafr., 75, 138

—— superciliosum, Hartl., 75

Conopophaga angustirostris, Spix, 146

ardesiaca, Lafr., 145

— nana, Lafr., 145

—— ruficeps, Lafr., 149

Conurus callipterus, Mass., 162

Wagleri, Gray, 162

Conus selectus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 121

Traillii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 121

Copurus filicaudatus, 148

—— leuconotus, 148

Coralliophila Californica,

n. sp., 121

Corucia, Gray, n. g., 217

= zebrata, Gray, nu. sp., 218

Corvus culminatus, 127

—— splendens, 127

A. Adams,

Coryphaspiza pileata, Max., 160

Cotinga Nattereri, Boiss., 152

Tschudii, Gray, 152

Coturnix Argoondah, Sykes, 31

dactylisonans, 31

textilis, Temm., 31

Cryptolopha, 127

Cryptopus, Dumeril, 201

Cuculide, 163

Cuculus, 127

Culicivora, Swains., 11

atricapilla, Swains., 12

—— bilineata, Bp., 12

Boliviana, Sclater, 12

dumicola, d’Orb., 12

—— leucogastra, Gray, 12

Mexicana, Bp., 12

— stenura, Temm., 11

Cuon, 126

Cuora Amboinensis, 198

trifasciata, 198

Cutia, 127

Cyanocorax armillatus, Gray, 153

cyanocapillus, 153

Harrisii, Cass., 153

hyacinthinus, Cab., 153

— ineas, Bodd., 153

— pileatus, Temm., 153

violaceus, Dubus, 153

Cyanomyia Francie, B. et M., 141

Cyclanosteus, Peters, 201

Cyclemys dentata, 198

platynota, 198

Cyclophorus convexiusculus, Pfr., n.sp.,

104

Forbesi, Pfr., n. sp., 104

Cyclorhis nigrirostris, Lafr., 151

Cyclostoma, 53

(Aulopoma) grande, P/r., n.sp.,104

— (Cyclophorus) convexiusculum,

Pfr., n.sp., 104

—— (Cycl.) Forbesianum, Pfr, n. sp.,

104

— (Cyclostomus) Annatonense, Pfr.,

n. sp., 105

— (Cycl.) leve, P/r., n. sp., 118

— (Cycl.) sinuatum, P/r., n. sp., 104

—— (Cyclotus) Bogotense, Pfr., n. sp.,

117

— es glaucostomum, Pfr., n.sp.,

—— (Cyel.) irregulare, Pfr., n.sp., 117

—— (Cyel.) Macegillivrayi, Pfr, n.sp.,

103

—— (Cycl.) sordidum, Pfr., n. sp., 103

—— (Leptopoma) barbatum, P/r., n.sp.,

104

Cyclostomus Annatonensis, P/r., n. sp.,

105

— levis, Pfr., n. sp., 118

—— sinuatus, Pfr., n. sp., 105

244

Cyclotus Bogotensis, Pfr., n. sp., 117

glaucostomus, Pfr., n. sp., 103

irregularis, Pfr., n. sp., 117

—— Macgillivrayi, Pfr., n. sp., 103

sordidus, Pfr., n. sp., 103

Cylindrella chordata, P/r., n. sp., 117

Cyllene unimaculata, 4. ddams, un. sp.,

123

Cymba cymbium, Sow., 52

gracilis, Brod., 52

—— Neptuni, Brod., 52

— olla, Brod., 51

patula, Brod., 52

porcina, Brod., 52

proboscidalis, Brod., 52

rubiginosa, Brod., 52

—— Tritonis, Brod., 52

Cymbiola ancilla, Swains., 57

Beckii, Adams, 58

Brasiliana, Lamk., 57

Colocynthis, Swains., 57

Ferussacii, Adams, 58

Jestiva, Swains., 61

Magellanica, Swains., 57

mitis, Swains., 56

nivosa, Swains., 56

Pacifica, Swains., 58

—— tuberculata, Swains., 58

vespertilio, Swains., 56

Cymbium, 53

—— £thiopicum, Menke, 53, 54

armatum, Gray, 53, 54

Broderipii, Gray, 53, 54

—— Cisium, Menke, 52

coronatum, Martini, 54

—— cymbium, Adams, 52

—— Diadema, Gray, 53, 54

Georgine, Gray, 53, 54

gracile, Adams, 52

— Indicum, 53

Manilla, Adams, 55

Melo, Menke, 53

—— Miltonis, 53

—— Neptuni, Menke, 52

olla, Menke, 51

papillatum, Sch., 51

patulum, Adams, 52

—— porcinum, Menke, 52

—— proboscidale, Adams, 52

—— rubiginosum, Adams, 52

tessellatum, Gray, 54

Tritonis, Adams, 52

umbilicatum, Gray, 53, 54

Cynanthus cyanurus, Gould, 140

Cyphorinus albigularis, Sclater, n. sp., 76

leucostictus, Cab., 77

Cypselus affinis, Gray, 28, 50

palmarum, 28

Dacenis angelica, De Fil., 137

eayana, Linn., 137

— cerebicolor, Sclater, 137

INDEX.

Dacnis egregia, Sclater, 137

— leucogenys, Lafr., 138

pulcherrima, Sclater, 84, 137

—— rufocinerea, Bp., 75, 138

—— speciosa, 138

Dendrexetastes capitoides, Eyton,77, 142

Dendrocitta, 127

Dendrocolaptes lineatocephalus, Gray, 142

Perroti, Lafr., 142

promeropirhynchus, Less., 142

Dendrocops tyranninus, Lafr., 142

Dendrornis Temmincki, Lafr., 77, 142

triangularis, Lafr., 142

Diadema, Gray, 36

Digenea, 127

Diglossa albilateralis, Lafr., 138

aterrima, Lafr., 138

— D' Orbignyi, Boiss., 138

humeralis, Fraser, 138

intermedia, Cab., 138

Lafresnayii, Boiss., 138

personata, Fraser, 138

similis, Lafr., 138

Diplodonta globulosa, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

226

subquadrata, Carpt., n. sp., 230

Diplommatina chordata, Pfr., n. sp., 105

Dispotea striata, Say, 234

Diva albiventris, Sclater, 158

Vassori, Boiss., 158

Docimastes Derbianus, Fraser, 139

ensiferus, Boiss., 139

Donax pulchellus, Hanley, 230

semistriatus, Carpt., n. sp., 230

Dorifera Johanne, Bourc., 139

Ludovicie, Boure., 139

Dosinia Coryne, 4. d4dams, n. sp., 223

Cydippe, 4. Adams, n. sp., 224

—— Deshayesii, 4. Addams, n. sp., 223

—— eunice, 4. Adams, n. sp., 224

—— dilecta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 224

—— lineolata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 223

simplex, 4. ddams, n. sp., 224

Traillii, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 223

Dryocopus Grayi, Malh., 161

hematogaster, Tsch., 161

pollens, Bp., 161

Dubusia auricrissa, Sclater, n. sp., 227

cyanocephala, Lafr., 157, 227

gigas, Bp., 157

—— olivicyanea, Lafr., 157

—— teniata, Boiss., 157

Dysithamnus mentalis, 90

semicinereus, Sclater, n. sp., 90, 147

Echinida acrocystos, 35

Echinide, Gray, 36

Echinometra, 37

Echinometrade, Gray, 37

Echinus, 36

Edolius, 126

Elenia Cayennensis, Lafr., 65, 150

INDEX. 245

Elanus, 128

Evepaas, 186

Emberiza castaniceps, Moore, n. sp., 215

— cia, Linn., 215

Stracheyi, Moore, n. sp., 215

Emberizine, 160

Emyda, Gray, 201

—— Ceylonensis, Gray, n. sp., 201

—— punctata, Gray, n. sp., 201

Emydide, Gray, 197

Emys, 197

Holbrooki, 197

ornata, 197

— scripta, 197

Ennea anodon, Pfr., n. sp., 100

Ceylanica, Pfr., n. sp., 9

— obovata, Pfr., n. sp., 9

Reeveana, Pfr., n. sp., 101

Ephialtes albopunctata, Gray, 135

Erinaciade, 46

Erinna, H. et 4. Adams, un. g., 120

— Newcombi, H. et 4. Adams, nv. sp.,

120

Eriocnemis Aurelie, B. et M., 140

Isaacsoni, Parz., 140

— simplex, Gould, 140

vestita, Long., 140

Erycina australis, Desh., n. sp., 183

—— bullula, Desh., n. sp., 182

— cycladiformis, Desh., n. sp., 181

denticulata, Desh., n. sp., 182

—— dubia, Desh., n. sp., 183

— grata, Desh., n. sp., 183

guttula, Desh., n. sp., 182

— macrodonta, Desh., n. sp., 182

— papyracea, Desh., n. sp., 183

—— parva, Desh., n. sp., 182

rotunda, Desh., n. sp., 181

— Zebuensis, Desh., n. sp., 182

Eugenia, Gould, n. g., 192

—— Imperatrix, Gould, n. sp., 192

Euphonia concinna, Sclater, 159

elegantissima, Bp., 66

— longipennis, Dubus, 158

—— melanura, Sclater, 159

—— minuta, Cab., 159

—— nigricollis, Vieill., 159

—— pumila, Bp., 159

— pyrrhophrys, Sclater, 159

strictifrons, Strickl., 159

wanthogastra, Sund., 159

Euprepiste Boliviana, 158

Mexicana, 158

Eupsychortyx leucotis, Gould, 163

parvicristatus, Gould, 163

Butoxeres aquila, Lodd., 139

Falco aguia, Temm., 134

lanarius, 128

peregrinus, Linn., 128

Felis macrosceloides, Hodgs., 126

Murmensis, Hodgs., 126

Felis Ogilbyi, 126

—— pardochrous, Hodgs., 126

tigris, Linn., 129

Fissirostres, 127

Fissurella alba, 234

nigrocincta, Carpt., n. sp., 234

niyropunctata, 234

Fluvicola albiventris, Spix, 148

bicolor, d’Orb., 148

pica, Bodd., 148

ruficeps, Lafr., 149

Formicarius Cayennensis, 69, 145

erythropterus, Gould, n. sp., 69

Suscater, Lafr., 145

nigrifrons, Gould, n. sp., 68, 145

Formicivora axillaris, Vieill., 147

callinota, Selater, n. sp.,89, 147

caudata, Sclater, 147

maculata, Max., 90

— ornata, Sclater, 147

pygmea, Gmel., 147

Francolinus, 126

Ponticerianus, 31

spadiceus, 31

vulgaris, 41

Frickella, P/r., n. g., 2

ameena, Pfr., n. sp., 2

Fringilla analis, Lafr., 159

bella, Hemprich, 217

Texensis, Giraud, 65

Fulgoraria, Gray, 60

Chinensis, Schum., 60

Fulguraria (Aurinia) dubia, Adams, 58

Sulgura, Adams, 60

Fulica atra, Linn., 79

Furnarine, 141

Furnarius roseus, Vieill., 141

Fusus albinus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 222

assimilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 222

—— dilectus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 221°

—— nodicinctus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 222

—— spiralis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 221

turricula, Kien., 222

Galbaleyrhynchus, 15

leucotis, Des Murs, 137

Galbula, 13

albigularis, Spix, 15

albirostris, Lath., 14

chalcocephala, Dev., 14

chalcothorax, Sclater, 14

cyanicollis, Cass., 14

cyanopogon, Cab., 14

Suscicapilla, Sclater, 13, 136

maculicauda, Sclater, 13

melanogenia, Sclater, 13

—— quadricolor, Verr., 13

—— rujficauda, Cuv., 13, 136

—— rufoviridis, Cab., 13

—— tombacea, Spix, 13

viridicauda, Swains., 13

viridis, Lath., 13

246 INDEX.

Galbulide, 136

Galbuloides Boersi, 15

Galeomma ambigua, Desh., n. sp., 168

angusta, Desh., n. sp., 170

argentea, Desh., n. sp., 169

chloroleuca, Desh., n. sp., 170

formosa, Desh., n. sp., 170

indecora, Desh., n. sp., 169

inflata, Desh., n. sp., 170

Layardi, Desh., n. sp., 169

— macrochisma, Desh., n. sp., 171

—— paucistriata, Desh., n. sp., 170

—— polita, Desh,, n. sp., 169

—— splendida, Desh., n. sp., 169

Turtoni, Sow., 167, 168

Galerida Chendoola, 50

Galerus fuscus, Carp., n. sp., 233

— mamillaris, Brod., 233

regularis, C. B. Adams, 233

Sinensis, 233

striatus, Brod., 234

subreflexus, Carp., 0. sp., 233

Galline, 163

Gallophasis, 126

Gallus, 126

Sonneratii, 29

Garelia, Gray, n. g., 36, 38

—— exqualis, Gray, n. sp., 38

clavata, Gray, n. sp., 38

Garruline, 153

Gastrochenide, 219

Geotrygon linearis, Prevost, 163

mystacea, Temm., 163

Geranoaétus melanoleucus, Vieill., 134

Glandina conularis, Pfr., n. sp., 100

filosa, Pfr., n. sp., 100

—— insignis, Pfr., u.sp., 100

nystiana, Pfr., n. sp., 100

Glareola Orientalis, Leach, 82

Glottis melanoleuca, Gmel., 163

Glyphorhynchus cuneatus, Lightf., 142

Goniocidaris pistillaris, 35

Gouldia conversi, B. et M., 141

Popelairei, Dubus, 141

Gralle, 163

Grallaria brevicauda, Bodd., 89

hypoleuca, Sclater, n. sp., 145

—— modesta, Selater, n. sp., 89, 145

nana, Lafr., 145

ruficapilla, Lafr., 145

— rufula, Lafr., 145

squamigera, Prey., 145

Grus virgo, 34

Gymnoderine, 153

Gypaétos, 128

Haleyon Smyrnensis, 28

Haliaétus, 128

Haliastur, 128

Hamadryas Hannah, 131

Hapalura, 11

Harpula bullata, Swains., 62

Harpula carneolata, Swains., 59

Sulminata, Swains., 60

— fulva, Swains., 59

—— guinaica, Swains., 59

harpa, Swains., 61

Hebrea, Swains., 59

— levigata, Swains., 59

—— Lapponica, Swains., 60

lyriformis, Swains., 60

—— mitreformis, Swains., 61

—— musica, Swains., 59

nodulosa, Swains., 59

nucleus, Swains., 61

polyzonalis, Swains., 59

— suleata, Swains., 59

—— Thiarella, Swains., 59

vexillum, Swains., 60

Hedymeles Ludovicianus, Linn., 133

Helarctos, 125

Heliangelus Clarisse, Long., 140

Helianthea aurigaster, Lodd., 139

— Bonapartii, Boiss., 139

—— typica, Bonap., 139

Helicina denticulata, Pfr., n. sp., 103

egregia, Pfr., n. sp., 118

Macgillivrayi, Pfr., n. sp., 102

merdigera, Pfr., n. sp., 102

repanda, Pfr., n.sp., 101

rudis, Pfr., n. sp., 102

—— Shanghaiensis, Pfr., n.sp., 102

—— spheroidea, Pfr., n.sp., 102

spinifera, Pfr., n. sp., 118

turbinella, Pfr., n. sp., 103

zebriolata, Pfr., n. sp., 101

Heliocidaris, 36

Heliodoxa jacula, Gould, 139

Heliothrix, 86

auriculatus, 87

auritus, 87

Barroti, 87

—— phainolema, Gould, n.sp., 87

purpureiceps, Gould, n. sp., 87

Heliotrypha Parzudakii, Less., 140

Helix antrorsa, Pfr., u. sp., 113

auricula, Fér., 1

biciliata, Pfr., n.sp., 112

—— Bridwilli, Pfr., n. sp., 114

—— cxcilia, Pfr., n.sp., 92

camelus, Pfr., n.sp., 111

— Chamissoi, P/r., n.sp., 91

—— coffea, Pfr., n.sp., 111

confusa, Pfr., n. sp., 112

convexiuscula, Pfr., n.sp., 91

exaltata, Pfr., n.sp., 113

flexuosa, Pfr., n. sp., 112

—— fringilla, Pfr., n. sp., 113

heroica, Pfr., n. sp., 114

ignava, Pfr., n. sp., 92

—— Lalloénsis, Pfr., n. sp., 111

—— leucostyla, Pfr., n.sp., 112

Ludersi, Pfr., n. sp., 112

INDEX.

Helix matura, Pfr., n. sp., 92

—— meleagris, Pfr., n. sp., 107

—— migratoria, Pfr., n. sp., 108

—— militaris, Pfr., n. sp., 111

— motacilla, Pfr., n. sp., 113

— Mozambicensis, Pf., n. sp., 91

—— nepos, Pfr., n. sp., 91

—— Palawanica, Pfr., n. sp., 107

—— Rhea, Pfr., n. sp., 111

—— Sachalensis, Pfr, n. sp., 114

—— subtecta, Pfr., n. sp., 91

textrix, Pfr., n. sp., 92

Trailli, P/r., n. sp., 107

vexillaris, Pfr., n. sp., 113

—— vitiensis, P/r., n. sp., 108

Yatesi, Pfr., n. sp., 92

Helmitheros chrysopterus, Linn., 133, 143

Hemichelidon, 127

Hemisimis, Swains., 119

Hemitragus, 125

Herminierus, Less., 213

Herpetotheres cachinnans, Vinn., 134

Heterocnemis bambla, Sclater, 146

marginata, Sclater, n. sp., 145

Hierax, 128

Hipponoé, Gray, 36

Sardica, Gray, 36

Hipponoide, Gray, 36

Hirundinea ferruginea, Gmel., 150

Hirundinide, 135

Hirundo filifera, Steph., 29

Robini, Less., 135

rutila, Vieill., 135

Holocentronotus, 37

Holopneustes porissimus, 36

Hydrocena acutilirata, P/r., n. sp., 106

—— (Omphalotropis) vestita, Pfr., n. sp.,

106

Hydropsalis Lyra, Bonap., 135

segmentatus, Cass., 135

Hylocharis Portmanni, Bourc., 141

Hylophilus flavipes, Lafr., 144

— leucophrys, Lafr., 155

—— semibrunneus, Lafr., 144

Hypocnemis erythrophrys, Sclater, 146

—— leucophrys, Tsch., 146

—— melanolema, Sclater, 146

melanosticta, Sclater, 147

—— myriotherina, Spix, 146

Hypopyrrhus pyrrhogaster, De Tarr., 154

Hypotriorchis, 128

rufigularis, Daud., 134

Hypsipide, 46

Hyptiopus, 128

Hypuroptila Buffoni, Less., 139

ceruleigaster, Gould, 139

Ibex, 125

Ibis, 71

papillosa, 74

Icterine, 153

Icterus atrigularis, Less., 154

247

Icterus Audubonii, Giraud, 65

Giraudi, Cass., 154

—— melanopterus, 154

mesomelas, Wagler, 154

Ictinia plumbea, Gmel., 134

Tridornis analis, 227

Dubusia, Bp., 157

a ea aad Selater, un. sp.,

22 :

Jacamaraleyon, 15

Jacamerops, 15

Kemas, 125

Kinosternon Hippocrepis, Gray, n. sp.,

198

—— Pennsylvanicum, Gray, 198

punctatum, Gray, n. sp., 198

Labiella, Pfr., n. g., 7

dentata, Pfr., n. sp., 7

Lafresnaya flavicaudata, Fraser, 140

Lagomys, 125

Laminella, Pfr., 5

albida, Pfr., n. sp., 203

extincta, Pfr., n. sp., 204

— Ferussaci, Pfr., n. sp., 203

fusiformis, Pfr., n. sp., 5

glutinosa, Pfr., n. sp., 204

—— gonostigma, Pfr., n. sp., 203

Grayana, Pfr., n. sp., 204

grossa, Pfr., n. sp., 204

inflata, Pfr., n. sp., 203

—— luctuosa, Pfr., n. sp., 204

rudis, P/r., n. sp., 5

transversalis, Pfr., n. sp., 204

— umbilicata, Pfr., n. sp., 204

Lampronetta Fischeri, Brandt, 212

Lamprotes albicristata, Lafr., 156

Lanio atricapillus, Gmel., 156

auritus, Dubus, 83, 156

Laride, 184

Legrivcinclus, Less., 212, 213

Mexicanus, 213

Leiothrix, 127

Leptachatina, Pfr., 205 ;

dimidiata, Pfr., n. sp., 205

—— margarita, Pfr., n. sp., 206

—— oryza, Pfr., n. sp., 206

— semicostata, Pfr., n. sp., 206

teres, Pfr., n. sp., 206

Leptopoma barbatum, P/*., n. sp., 104

Leptoptila Verreauxii, Bp., 163

Leptorhynchus guttatus, Menet., 90

striolatus, Menet., 90

Lesbia amaryllis, Boure., 140

cyanura, Steph., 140

— gorgo, Reich., 140

Gouldi, Lodd., 140

Libycus, 126

Limnornis canifrons, Lafr., 143

unirufa, Lafr., 143

Linota, Bonap., 216

—— brevirostris, Gould, 216

248 INDEX.

Linota cannabina, Linn., 217

Sringillirostris, Bp., 217

montium, Linn., 217

Lipangus fuscocinereus, Lafr., 153

Litiopa divisa, Carpt., n. sp., 234

saxicola, C. B. Adams, 234

Lophophorus, 126

Lophospiza pileata, Bp., 160

Loxia, 128

Lucina lactea, 4. ddams, n. sp., 225

(Codakia) munda, 4. Adams, n. sp.,

225

(Cryptodon) plicifera, 4. Adams,

n. sp., 225

—— (Myrtza) Layardi, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

225

Poe Strangei, 4. Addams, n. sp.

Lucinopsis undata, 231

Lutra aurobrunnea, 126

indigitata, 126

monticola, 126

Sinensis, 126

Lutremys, Gray, 197

Europea, 197

Lycaon pictus, 189

Lyonsia cuneata, Gray, 229

diaphana, Carpt., n. sp., 228

Lyria, Gray, 60

costata, Gray, 61

Delessertiana, Adams, 61

Sestiva, Gray, 61

lyreformis, Adams, 60

lyrata, Adams, 61

—— mitreformis, Adams, 60

nucleus, Adams, 61

—— (Eneta) Cumingii, Adams, 62

—— (E£.) Cylleniformis, Adams, 61

— (£.) Guildingii, Adams, 62

(Z.) Harpa, Gray, 61

Macacus, 126

Macrochelys, Gray, 200

Temminckii, Gray, 200

Macrochisma Sinensis, 4. ddams, n. sp.,

122

Macropygia, 127

Mactra pusilla, 4. ddams, n. sp., 226

Maia vittata, 131

Malaclemys, 197

Malacocercide, 46

Malacocercus, 127

caudatus, Dumeril, 50

Malacoptila aspersa, Sclater, 136, 196

Ffrontalis, Sclater, 136

—— fulvigularis, 196

—— fusca, Gmel., 136, 196

— inornata, 196

—— mystacalis, Lafr., 136, 196

nigrifusca, Selater, n. sp., 195, 196

Panamensis, 196

rufa, 196

Malacoptila substriata, 136, 196

torquata, 196

Manacus Bogotensis, 151

Edwardsi, Bp., 151

Slaveolus, Cassin, 151

gutturosus, Bp., 151

Margarornis perlata, Reich., 142

squamigera, Lafr , 142

Marginella gemma, 4. Adams, n. sp., 122

radiata, Lamk., 64

Masius chrysopterus, Lafr., 152

Melampicos flavigula, Malh., 161

Melanerpes cruentatus, Bodd., 161

Jlavigula, Malh., 161

Melanopsis, 119

Meliphagide, 127

Melo 4thiopicus, Brod., 54

armatus, Brod., 54

Broderipii, Gray, 53, 55

cylindratus, Brod., 55

cymbiola, Adams, 63

diadema, Brod., 54

Georyine, Gray, 53, 54

— Indicus, Brod., 53

—— Miltonis, Gray, 53, 55

mucronatus, Brod., 54

nautica, Brod., 54

regius, Brod., 55

senticosa, Brod., 54

tessellata, Brod., 54

umbilicatus, Brod., 54

Melursus, 126

Menurine, 142

Merganetta Columbiana, Des Murs, 164

Merops, 127

viridis, Linn., 27

Merula, 164

nestor, 164, 165

vinitincta, Gould, n. sp., 165

Merulaxis orthonyx, Lafr., 142 |

Mesalia plicata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 123

Mespila, 36

Metallura tyrianthina, Lodd., 140

Microcyphus, 36

Milvulus tyrannus, Linn., 150

Mimus Columbianus, Cab., 145

melanopterus, Lawr., 145

Mitra lyreformis, Swains., 60

Mniotilta varia, 133, 143

Mniotiltine, 143

Momotine, 135

Momotus Brasiliensis, 135

platyrhynchus, 136

semirufus, Sclater, 135

Monasa atra, 196

SJlavirostris, Strickl., 136, 196

nigrifrons, 196

personata, 196

Peruana, Bp., 194

Montifringilla, 128

Motacilla cerulea, Linn., 11

INDEX.

Motacilla cerulea, var., Gmel., 12

Motacilline, 144

Murex alabaster, Reeve, 121

arausiacus, 60

—— Cantinelosus, 59

— delectus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 120

—— fulgora, Martini, 60

— speciosus, 4. Addams, 121

Muscicapa Beili, Giraud, 65

— Brasieri, Giraud, 66

cerulea, Wilson, 11

— Derhamii, Giraud, 65

— fulvifrons, Giraud, 65

Lawrencei, Giraud, 65

leucomus, Giraud, 66

—— stenura, Temm., 11

Texensis, Giraud, 65

vulnerata, Wagler, 65

Muscicapine, 151

Muscivora regia, Gmel., 67

Mya, Gray, 219

arenaria, 220

Myiagra, 127

Myiarchus ferox, Gmel., 150

virens, L., 150

Myiobius fuscocapilla, Lafr., 149

—- pyrrhopterus, Hartl., 149

— Fieilloti, d’Orb., 149

Myiodioctes Canadensis, 1., 143

chrysophrys, Licht., 65

coronatus, Tsch., 133, 144

Myiothlypis luteoviridis, Bp., 143

— nigricristata, Lafr., 143

Myrmeeciza leucaspis, Sclater, 147

— longipes, Swains., 147

Myrmonax leucophrys, Cab., 146

Myrmothera troglodytes, 146

Nevra fragilis, 4. Addams, n. sp., 226

Nectarinia, 127

Nectarinia, 40

Nemorhedus, 125

Nemosia albigularis, Se/., n.sp., 109, 155

— flavicollis, Vieill., 109

— guira, Linn., 155

torquata, 84, 138

Nesocichla, Gould, n. g., 165

—— eremita, Gould, n.sp., 165

Newcombia, Pfr., 202

— chlorotica, ’Pfr., Nn. Sp., 203

zebrina, Pfr., n. sp., 202

Niltava, 127

Nisus, 128

Nonnula fronialis, 196

— rubecula, 196

—— ruficapilla, 196

Nyctidromus grallarius, Bp., 135

Ocyalus Wagleri, Gray, 153

Odontophorus marmoraius, Gould, 163

Cdicnemus, Cuv., 41, 81

crepitans, 81

recurvirostris, 82

249

Oleacina Binneyana, Pfr., n. sp., 117

Omadius clytiformis, Westw., n.sp., 26

—— ctenostomoides, Westw., n.sp., 24

fasciipes, Westw., n. sp., 24

—— modesius, Klug, 25

—— seticornis, Westw., n. sp., 25

vigilans, Westw., n. sp. 25

Omphalotropis vestita, Pf/r., 106

Oreocincla, 164

Ornismya Kingii, Boiss,, 140

silphia, Less., 140

Osteodesma diaphana, Carpt., n. sp., 228

— nitidum, Gould, 229

Ostinops cristatus, Gmel., 153

Otis aurita, Lath., 33

—— nigriceps, Vigors, 32

tetrax, 33

Otocorys chrysolema, Bp. 66, 110

longirostris, Moore, n.sp., 215

—— penicillata, Gould, 215

—— peregrina, Sel., n.sp., 110, 160

Ovis, 125

Ovulum Traillii, 4, 4dams, n. sp., 222

Oxypogon Guerini, Boiss., 140

—— paradisie, Boiss., 140

Pauline, Boiss., 140

Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Gmel., 77

niger, Spix, 150

squamatus, Lafr., 150

versicolor, Hartl., 150

Paleornis, 127

Pandion, 128

Pandora claviculata, Carpt., n. sp., 228

punctata, Conr., 228

Panopea abbreviata, Val., 220

— Aldrovandi, Lamk., 218

antaretica, Gould, 220

australis, Sow., 220

— generosa, Gould, 220

— intermedia, 220

—— Japonica, A. Adams, 220

— Middendorffii, A. Adams, 221

— Natalensis, Woodw., n. sp., 220

— Norvegica, Spengler, 219, 220

Solandri, Gray, 220

— Zelandica, Quoy, 229

Panoplites flavescens, Lodd., 147

Paradoxurus, 126

Parus leucotis, Giraud, 65

Partula Macgillivrayi, Pfr., n. sp., 97

— mucida, Pfr., n.sp., 98

—— pusilla, Gould, 1

—— repanda, Pfr., n.sp., 98

—— stenostoma, Pfr., n. sp., 97

suturalis, Pfr., n. sp., 98

Parula Mexicana, Bp., 75

Passerculus geospizopsis, Bp., 160

Pastor, 127

Mahrattensis, 40

roseus, 40

Patella tenuilirata, Carpt., n. sp., 233

No. CCC.—ProceeEpinGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

250

Patella toreuma, Reeve, 233

Pavo cristatus, 29

Pelecanide, 184

Penelope pipile, Gmel., 163

Perdicide, 126

Perdix picta, 30

Periploma argentaria, Conr., 229

excurva, Carpt., n.sp., 229

Leana, Conr., 229

—— papyracea, Carpt., n.sp., 229

Petasophora cyanotis, Gould, 139

Delphine, Gould, 139

Petrodroma Mexicana, 212

Phenicercus, 78

Phenicophaus, 127

Phenicospiza, Blyth, 215

Phenicothraupis gutturalis, Scl., 156

Phenisoma ardens, Tsch., 156

Phaéthornis anthophilus, Bourc., 139

—— Emilie, Boure., 139

—— griseigularis, Gould, 139

—— Guyi, Lesson, 139

striigularis, Gould, 139

Phalenopsis Jardinii, Bonap., 134

—— minutissima, Max., 134

Phasianus, 126

Pheucticus aureiventer, Lafr., 154

Phonipara canora, 159

gutturalis, Bp., 160

—— olivacea, 159

— pusilla, Swains., 159

Phrygilus geospizopsis, Bp., 160

Phyllomanes mystacalis, Caban., 84

Picide, 161

Picolaptes laerymiger, Lafr., 142

Picumnine, 162

Picumnus Grenadensis, Lafr., 162

olivaceus, Lafr., 162

—— squamulatus, Lafr., 162

Picus melanopogon, Lafr., 161

—— pollens, Bp., 161

Rivolii, Boiss., 161

Pionus chaleopterus, Fraser, 162

cobaltinus, Mass., 163

seniloides, Mass., 162

Pipilopsis cristatus, Dubus, 156

semirufus, Boiss., 125

Pipra elata, Spix, 150

elegantissima, Bp., 66

— filicauda, Spix, 152

Slavicapilla, Sclater, 152

— flavitineta, Sclater, 151

— galericulata, Giraud, 66

— Isidori, Sclater, 152

— leucocilla, Linn., 152

pareolides, D’Orb., 151

striolata, Bonap., 152

Pipreola aureipectus, Lafr., 153

Riefferi, Boiss., 153

Piprites chlorion, 15

chloris, Temm., 15, 152

INDEX.

Pitangus chrysocephalus, Tsch., 150

Pithys albifrons, Gmel., 145

—— erythrophrys, Sclater, 146

— leucophrys, Tsch., 146

Pitylus grossus, Linn., 154

Platalea leucorodia, 71

Pe ae cyanogenys, Gould,n. sp.,165,

palliceps, 165, 166

Platyrhynchus hirundinaceus, Spix, 150

Ploceus Manyar, Horsf., 50

Podiceps Philippensis, 184

Poéphagus, 125

Polioptila, Sclater, n. g., 11

bilineata, Licht., 12

— cerulea, Linn., 11

— dumicola, Vieill., 12

leucogastra, Maz., 12, 151

Poliornis, 128

Polydonta Marie, 4. Adams, n. sp., 222

Pomatorhinus, 11, 127

Pratincola Indica, Blyth, 50

Presbys canifrons, Caban., 143

unirufa, Caban., 143

Prion Ariel, 88

brevirostris, Gould, n. sp., 88

Prionites Martii, Spix, 136

Procnias occidentalis, Scl., 153

Propasser, Hodgson, 215

pulcherrimus, Hodgs., 216

rhodochrous, Vigors, 216

—— rhodopeplus, Vigors, 216

—— Thura, Moore, 215

Psammechinus, 36

Psammobia aurantia, Quoy, 167

vitrea, Quoy, 167, 171

Psaris Fraseri, Kaup, 77, 150

parinus, Dubus, 77

Psarocolius melanocephalus, Wagl., 65

Pseudemys, Gray, 197

— concinna, 197

— serrata, 197

Pseudocolaptes semicinnamomeus, Reich.,

142

Pseudois, 125

Pseudornis, 127

Psilorhamphus, Sclater, n. g., 90

guttatus, Menet., 90

Psilorhinus, 127

Psitiacide, 162

Psittacula conspicilla, Lafr., 162

Psittacus, 127

Psittovius Tovi, Gmel., 162

Pterocles exustus, 30

quadricinctus, 30

Pterocyclos bifrons, Pfr., n.sp., 117

Pteroglossus Aracari, 15

— castanotis, Gould, 161

Wiedi, 15

Pteronotus speciosus, Pfr., n. sp., 121

Pterophanes cyanopterus, Fraser, 139

INDEX.

Pterophanes Temmincki, Boiss., 139

Pteruthius, 127

Pupa Ceylanica, Pfr., n. sp., 9

obovata, Pfr., n. sp., 9

Pupina superba, Pfr., n. sp., 118

Pycnonotus jocosus, 40

Pyranga albicollis, VOrb., 156

estiva, Linn., 156

Azare, Lafr., 156

— bivittata, Lafr., 156

— cucullata, Dubus, 156

—— erythromelas, Licht., 156

—— leucoptera, Trudeau, 156

— rubra, Linn., 156

rubriceps, Gray, 156

Pyriglena domicella, 109

— Ellisiana, Se/., n.sp., 109, 147

— Quizxensis, Corn., 147

tyrannina, Sc/., n. sp., 90, 147

Pyrocephalus rubineus, Bodd., 149

Pyroderus Grenadensis, Lafr., 153

Pyrrhuline, 160

Querquedula cyanoptera, Vieill., 164

Querula cruenta, Bodd., 153

Queruline, 153

Quiscaline, 153

Quiscalus subalaris, Boiss., 153

Rallide, 79

Ramphastide, 160

Ramphastos ambiguus, Swains., 160

citreolemus, Gould, 161

Cuvieri, Wagler, 161

Rhamphocznus cinereiventris, Sc/., n.sp.,

—— melanurus, 76

—— rufiventris, 76

Trinitatis, Lesson, 76

viridis, Lesson, 76

Rhamphocelus, 78

chrysonotus, Lafr., 157

— dimidiatus, Lafr., 156

— flammigerus, Jard., 157

icteronotus, Bp., 157

Rhamphocinclus, Lafr., 213

brachyurus, Lafr., 214

— gutturalis, Lafr., 214

tremulus, Lafr., 214

Rhamphomicron heteropogon, Boiss., 140

microrhynchum, Boiss., 140

Rhimamphus estivus, Linn., 133, 143

Blackburnie, Gmel., 133, 143

striatus, Gmel., 133, 143

Rhinolophine, 126

Rhipidura, 127

Rhizochilus Californicus, 4. ddams, n.sp.,

121

Rhizomys, 126

Rhodinocichla rosea, Lesson, 141

Rhynchea picta, Gray, 79

Rhynchaspis elypeata, Linn., 164

Rhynchops nigra, 184

Rupicola Peruviana, Lath., 152

Ruticilla erythroprocta, Gould, n. sp.,

Tithys, Linn., 79

Salmacis, 36

Salpincies Mexicanus, Bp., 66

Saltator arremonops, Jardine, n. sp., 84

—— magnus, Gmel., 154

striatipectus, Lafr., 154

Sarcorhamphus papa, Linn., 134

Saucerottia Sophie, Boure., 141

Saxicava, 219

—— Norvegica, Woodward, 219, 221

Sawxicola atrogularis, Blyth, 50

picata, Blyth, 50

Sayornis ardosiaca, Lafr., 149

Sealaria mitreformis, Sow., 235

—— reflexa, Carp., n. sp., 235

Scapha, Gray, 55

aulica, Gray, 56

— Colocyntha, Gray, 57

coneinna, Gray, 58

Deshayesii, Gray, 56

— dubia, Gray, 55

—— Ferussacii, Gray, 58

—— fusiformis, Gray, 58

Junonia, Gray, 57

—— luteostoma, Gray, 57

Magellanica, Gray, 57

—— magnifica, Gray, 57

—— mamilla, Gray, 55

megaspira, Gray, 58

—— nivosa, Gray, 56

— Norrisii, Gray, 56

Pacifica, Gray, 58

—— piperita, Gray, 56

—— pulchella, Gray, 56

punctata, Gray, 57

—— rutila, Gray, 56

Vespertilio, Gray, 56

Scaphella fusiformis, Swains., 55

—— Junonia, Sow., 57

maculata, Adams, 64

papillosa, Swains., 63

reticulata, Adams, 64

—— Turneri, Adams, 64

undulata, Swains., 64

zebra, Adams, 64

— (Aleithoé) fulgetrum, Adams, 63

— (adl.) fusiformis, Adams, 58

—— (di.) fusus, Adams, 58

— (Al) gracilis, Adams, 58

—— (Al.) megaspira, Adams, 58

—— (dl.) Pacifica, Adams, 58

—. en papillosa, Adams, 58

(Al.) tuberculata, Adams, 58

Schistes Geoffroyi, Less., 139

Schistochiamys atra, Gmel.; 154

speculigera, Gould, n. sp., 69

Scintilla, Desh., 167, 168, 171

—— Adamsi, Desh., n. sp., 179

252

Scintilla anomala, Desh., n. sp., 181

—— aurantiaca, Desh., n. sp., 179

candida, Desh., n. sp., 177

—— crocea, Desh., n. sp., 175

— arystallina, Desh., n. sp., 177

—— Cumingii, Desh., n. sp.,.173

Cuvieri, Desh., n. sp., 174

—— faba, Desh., n. sp., 180

—— flavida, Desh., n. sp., 175

— Forbesii, Desh., n. sp., 179

—— Hanleyi, Desh., n. sp., 180

—— hyalina, Desh., n. sp., 180

—— hydatina, Desh., n. sp., 177

—— hydrophana, Desh., n. sp., 178

Jukesi, Desh., n. sp., 174

—— opalina, Desh., n. sp., 177

—— ovulina, Desh., n. sp., 174

—— Oweni, Desh., n. sp., 179

—— pallidula, Desh., n. sp., 178

pellicula, Desh., n. sp., 177

—— Philippinensis, Desh., n. sp., 176

porulosa, Desh., n. sp., 180

—— pudica, Desh., n. sp., 178

—— Recluziana, Desh., n. sp., 178

—— Reevei, Desh., n. sp., 176

—— rosea, Desh., n. sp., 178

— scintillans, Desh., n. sp., 175

solidula, Desh., n. sp., 174

Strangei, Desh., n. sp., 181

—— striatina, Desh., n. sp., 176

succinea, Desh., n. sp., 176

—— tenuis, Desh., n. spy 176

—— Timoriensis, Desh., n. sp., 174

—— turgescens, Desh., n. sp., 175

—— turgida, Desh., n. sp., 175

vitrea, Desh., n. sp., 177

Scissosare, 217

Sciurus Lokria, 126

Lokrioides, 126

macruroides, 126

purpureus, 126

Scolanthus sphroides, Holdsworth,n.sp.,

Scolopacide, 79, 128

Scolopax, 79, 80

nemoricola, Hodgs., 80

Scops choliba, Vieill., 134

Portoricensis, Less., 134

Serobieularia angulata, Chemn., 230

-—— biangulata, Carp, n. sp., 230

producta, Carp., n. sp., 230

Scytalopus, 146

—— griseicollis, Lafr., 142

—— senilis, Lafr., 142

squamiger, Lafr., 142

Semnopithecus, 126

Serricossypha sumptuosa, Lafr., 156

Setophaga albidiema, Lafr., 144

Brasiliana, Licht., 143

cinnamomeoventris, Latr., 144

Jlammea, Vieill., 77

INDEX.

Setophaga flaveola, Lafr., 144

intermedia, Hartl., 77

— leucophomma, Kp., 144

— nigricincta, Lafr., 143

ornata, Boiss., 144

—— picta, Swains., 66

— rubra, Swains., 65

— ruficoronata, Kp., 144

—— rufifrons, Swains., 144

—— rufipectus, Less., 144

ruticilla, Linn., 133, 144

—— venusta, Temm., 143

verticalis, Lafr., 144

—— vulnerata, Bp., 65

Silphia, 127

Somateria mollissima, 211

spectabilis, 211

V-nigrum, G. R. Gray, n. sp., 212

Soricide, 46

Spathura spatuligera, Reich., 141

— Underwoodi, Less., 141

Spermagra erythrocephala, Swains., 156

Spermophila gutturalis, Licht., 160

luctuosa, Lafr., 160

— Martha, Verr., 160

—— minuta, Linn., 160

olivaceoflava, Lafr., 160

Spiraxis Barclayi, Pfr., n. sp., 99

Cumingiana, Pfr., n. sp., 106

Dunkeri, Pfr., 9

erecta, Benson, 9

mandarina, Pfr., n. sp., 9

subcallosa, P/r., n. sp., 99

Spizaétus, 128

Tsidori, Des Murs, 134

tyrannus, Max., 134

Steatornis Caripensis, Humb., 135

Stenorhynchus, Gould, 213

ruficauda, Gould, 213, 214

Sterna, 50

melanogaster, Temm., 184

Stigmatium ambulator, Wesiw., u.sp., 23

—— cursor, Westw., n. sp., 23

—— cylindrinum, Westw., n. sp., 22

fervidum, Westw., n. sp., 21

—— granulosum, Westw., n. sp., 22

—— ignavum, Westw., n. sp., 20

torulentum, Westw., n. sp., 21

Strigide, 134

Strongylocentrotus, 37

Stylifer corallinus, Chemn., 122

—— exaratus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 122

subangulatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 122

Stylocerus, 125

Suya lepida, Blyth, 47, 50

Sycalis aureipectus, Bp., 159

Sylvia bilineata, Licht., 12

bivittata, Licht., 12

—— chrysophrys, Licht., 65

—— culicivora, Licht., 66

dumicola, Vieill., 12

Sylvia Halseii, Giraud, 65

—— leucogastra, Spix, 12, 151

—— olivacea, Giraud, 66

—— teniata, Dubus, 66

Sylvicola, Swains., 75

Synallaxine, 141

Synallaxis brachyurus, Lafr., 141

—— cinerascens, Temm., 75

—— cinnamomeus, Lafr., 141

—— erythrothorax, Sel., n. sp., 75

Suliginosus, Lafr., 141

— gularis, Lafr., 141

striaticollis, Lafr., 141

—— unirufus, Lafr., 141

Syrnium albigulare, Cassin, 135

albipunctatum, Kaup, 135

—— hylophilum, Temm., 135

—— macabrum, Bp., 135

virgatum, Cassin, 135

Tachydromus Asiaticus, 82

Tachyphonus brevipes, Lafr., 156

—— cristatus, Gmel., 155

luctuosus, Lafr., 156

—— melaleucus, Sparm., 156

—— xanthopygius, Sel., 83, 156

Tenioptera striaticollis, Sclater, 77

Tamatia gigas, Bp., 193

—— hyperrhynchus, Bp., 193

—— pulmentum, Bp., 194

Tanagra analis, Tsch., 227

cana, Swains., 157

— Constantii, Boiss., 157

episcopus, Linn., 157

—— erythromelas, Licht., 156

—— notabilis, Jardine, n. sp., 84

palmarum, Max., 157

palpebrosa, Lafr., 157

peniecillata, Spix, 156

Tanagrella elegantissima, Verr., 158

Tanagrine, 154

Tantalus leucocephalus, 72

Temnopleurus Tchitrea, 36, 127

Terebellum, 53

Tetraoperdix, 126

Thalassidroma, 88

Thalurania Colombica, Bourc., 141

Thamnophilus, 90

albicans, Lafr., 148

—— albinuchalis, Sclater, n. sp., 18

aspersiventer, Lafr., 148

brevirostris, Lafr., 148

—— cesius, Sclater, n. sp., 19

corvinus, Gould, n. sp., 69

—— hyperythrus, Gould, n. sp., 70

—— immaculatus, Lafr., 148

—— leuchauchen, Selater, n. sp., 18

—— melanonotus, Sclater, n. sp., 19

—— melanurus, Gould, n. sp., 69, 147

multistriatus, Lafr., 148

—— myiotherinus, Spix, 146

nevius, Gmel., 148

INDEX. 253

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus, Selater,

n. sp., 19

schistaceus, Lafr., 148

transandeanus, Selater, n. sp., 18

Thracia squamosa, Carp., n. sp., 229

Thryothorus fasciatoventris, Lafr., 143

Mexicanus, Swains., 66

—— rufalbus, Lafr., 143

—— rutilans, Swains., 143

—— rutilus, Vieill., 143

striatulus, Lafr., 143

THYLACINUS CYNOCEPHALUS, 188

Tiaris pusillus, Swains., 159

Tigrisoma tigrinum, Gmel., 163

Tinamus julius, Bp., 163

Tityra albitorques, Dubus, 77, 150

—— Cayana, Linn., 150

Tityrine, 150

Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum, St., 67

—— cinereum, Linn., 67, 148

—— fumifrons, Hartl., 67

gracilipes, Sclater, n. sp., 149

—— Granadense, Hartl., 67, 77, 148

maculatum, 149

multicolor, Strickl., 67, 77, 148

nigriceps, Selater, n. sp., 66

—— pectorale, Kp., 67, 77, 148

—— ruficeps, Lafr., 67, 77, 148, 149

—— rufilatum, Hartl., 67

—— spiciferum, Lafr., 67

—— squamicristatum, Lafr., 148

striaticolle, Lafr., 67, 149

Todus cinereus, Linn., 67

melanocephalus, Spix, 67, 148

Toreumatica, Gray, n. g., 39

concava, Gray, n. sp., 39

—— granulosa, Gray, n. sp., 39

—— Hardwickii, Gray, n. sp., 39

—— Reevesii, Gray, n. sp., 39

Tornatellina Petitiana, Pfr., 1

Totanus macropterus, Spix, 163

vociferus, Wilson, 163

Treron, 127

Trichas luteoviridis,"Bp., 143

nigricristatus, Lafr., 143

Trichothraupis penicillata, Spix, 156

Trionycide, 139, 192, 201

Trochatella excavata, Pfr., n. sp., 101

Trochilide, 86

Trochilus Allardi, Boure., 140

brachyrhynchus, Fraser, 140

—— coruscus, Fraser, 140

cyanurus, Steph., 140

—— ewortis, Fraser, 140

Lafresnayi, Boiss., 140

—— parvirostris, Fraser, 140

—— Sabine, Bourc., 140

uropygialis, Fraser, 140

Troglodytes equinoctialis, Swains., 142

—— gladiator, Max., 76

Trogon Antisiensis, d’Orb., 137

254 INDEX.

Trogon collaris, Vieill., 137 Vireosylvia virescens, Vieill., 133, 151

—— curucui, Linn., 137 Viverrula, 126

personatus, Gould, 137 Volatinia jacarina, Limn., 160

pulchellus, Gould, 137 Voluta, 59

Trogonide, 137

Tropidonotus umbratus, 131

Triptorhinus orthonyx, Lafr., 142

Aithiopica, Linn., 54, 63

amphora, Sol., 54

ancilla, Sol., 57

Turbo fiuctuatus, Reeve, 234 —— angulata, Swains., 62

Turdicla armigera, 4. ddams, n. sp., 221 Anna, Lesson, 61

Turdide, 164 —— Arabica, Gmel., 58

Turdine, 144 —— arausiaca, Sol., 60

Turdus, 164 —— armata, Lamk., 54

auguria, Sol., 52

aulica, Sol., 56

Beckii, Brod., 58

bambla, Bodd., 146

brachyurus, Vieill., 213, 214

—— fumigatus, 145

—— gigas, Fraser, 144 —— Brasiliana, Lamk., 57

—— minimus, Lafr., 145 —— bullata, Swains., 62

—— minor, 145 —— ceramica, Gmel., 57

—— musicus, Linn., 165 —— chlorosina, Lamk., 59

vulpinus, Hartl., 141 —— chrysostoma, Swains., 57

Turtur Cambayensis, 34 cithara, Sol., 54

risorius, 34 concinna, Brod., 58

Typhis triangularis, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 124 corneolata, Lamk., 59

Tyrannine, 148 —— corona, Chemn., 63

Tyrannula ardosiaca, Lafr., 149 costata, Swains., 61

Cinchoneti, Tsch., 149 —— Cumingii, Brod., 62

—— cinnamomea, d’Orb., 149 — Cylleniformis, Sow., 61

diadema, Hartl., 149 — cymbiola, Chemn., 63

— erythrura, Cab., 149 — cymbium, Linn., 52

Delessertiana, Petit, 61

Deshayesii, Reeve, 56

diadema, Lamk., 54

—— icterophrys, Lafr., 149

—— nigricans, Sow., 149

—— ornata, Lafr., 149

—— ruficeps, Lafr., 149 —— dubia, Brod., 55

— rufipectus, Lafr., 144, 149 —— ducalis, Lamk., 54, 63

setophagoides, Bp., 149 —— Dufresni, Don., 62

Tyrannulus elatus, Lath., 150 ebrea, Linn., 59

nigricapillus, Lafr., 150 —— elongata, Swains., 58

Tyrannus audax, Gmel., 150 Ferussacii, Don., 58

Boissoneauii, Bp., 150 JSestiva, d’Orb., 58, 61

— fumigatus, Boiss., 150 Jlammula, Goodall, 63

melancholicus, Vieill., 150 Jlavicans, Gmel., 63

—— rufinus, Spix, 150 —— fluctuata, Sol., 64

—— rufiventris, VOrb., 77 Sulgetrum, Sow., 63

Upupa Epops, Linn. 27 —— fulminata, Lamk., 60

Senegalensis, 40 —— fulva, Lamk., 59

Urogaiba, Bonap., 14 —— fusiformis, Swains., 58

Amazonum, Selater, n. sp., 14 —— fusus, Quoy et Gaim., 58

glans, Gmel., 52

gracilis, Gray, 57, 58

paradisea, Linn., 14

Ursitaxus, 126

Ursus, 125 —— Guildingii, Sow., 62

Vanellus, 80 —— Guinaica, Lamk., 59

bilobus, Gmel., 80 —— harpa, Wood, 61

—— Cayennensis, Gmel., 163 —— imperialis, Dillwyn, 57, 62

Goensis, Lath., 81 Indica, Gmel., 53, 60

VIPERA BERUS, 191 —— insularis, Sol., 58

Vireo versicolor, Hartl., 150 Junonia, Chemn., 57

Vireolanius icterophrys, Bp., 151 —— levigata, Lamk., 59

Vireonine, 151 —— Lapponica, Linn., 60

Vireosylvia altiloqua, Vieill., 84 —— lineata, Leach, 64

Srenata, Dubus, 84 —— luteostoma, Chemn., 57

—— olivacea, Linn., 133, 151 —— lyreformis, Kiener, 58, 60

Voluta lyrata, Humph., 61

maculata, Swains., 64

Magellanica, Chemn., 57

magnifica, Chemn., 57

mamilla, Gray, 55

marmorata, Swains., 64

—— megaspira, Sow., 58

— Melo, Sol., 53

— mitis, Lamk., 56

— mitriformis, Lamk., 60

— modesta, Wood, 63

— multicosta, Brod., 61

musica, Linn., 59

narisa, Wagn., 62

nautica, Linn., 54

navicula, Gmel., 51

— Neptuni, Gmel., 52

— nivosa, Lamk., 56

nobilis, Sol., 62

—— nodulosa, Lamk., 59

Norrisii, Sow., 56

— nucleus, Lamk., 61

—— olla, Linn., 51

—— Pacifica, Sol., 58

—— pallida, Gray, 64

— papillaris, Gmel., 51

papillosa, Swains., 63

—— pellis-serpentis, Lamk., 56

—— Pepo, Sol., 52

—— Perdicina, Sch., 61

—— piperita, Sow., 56

—— plicata, Dillw., 59

—— polyzonalis, Lamk., 59

—— porcina, Lamk., 52

— preputium, Chemn., 53

proboscidalis, Lamk., 52

—— pulchra, Sow., 56

—— punctata, Sow., 57

—— Pusio, Lamk., 59

— reticulata, Reeve, 64

—— rubiginosa, Swains., 52

— rudis, Gray, 58

—— rupestris, Gmel., 60

—— rutila, Brod., 56

scapha, Gmel., 52, 62

—— scrofa, Sol., 63

—— serpentina, Lamk., 56

—— Sophia, Gray, 63

spectabilis, Gmel., 57

—— strangulata, Muhl., 64

INDEX. 255

Voluta subnodosa, Leach, 57

— sulcata, Lamk., 59

tessellata, Brod., 54

— Thiarella, Lamk., 59

tuberculata, Gray, 57, 58

—— Turneri, Gray, 64

— undulata, Lamk., 64

Vespertilio, Linn., 56, 63

— vexillum, Chemn., 60

—— virescens, Sol., 59

Volwa, Chemn., 63

——. volvacea, Lamk., 63

zebra, Leach, 64

Volutella, Gray, 62

angulata, d’Orb., 62

cymbiola, Gray, 63

Sulgetrum, Gray, 63

—— imperialis, Gray, 63

papillosa, Gray, 63

scapha, Gray, 62

— Sophia, Gray, 63

—— volvacea, Gray, 63

Volutidae, 50

Volutina, 50

Volutolites abyssicola, Adams, 65

Vulpes montanus, 126

Vultur Bengalensis, 128

—— cinereus, 128

— fSulvus, 128

—— tenuirostris, 128

Vulturide, 134

Xanthoura Peruviana, Bp., 153

Xiphorhynchus Pucherani, Lafr., 142

Yetus, Gray, 51

cymbium, Gray, 52

—— navicula, Gray, 51

— Neptuni, Gray, 52

— olla, Gray, 51

—— proboscidalis, Gray, 52

Yoldia gloriosa, 4. ddams, n. sp., 226

lanceolata, Sow., 226

Zidona angulata, Adams, 62

Zonotrichia pileata, Bodd., 160

Zoothera cinclops, Bp., 214

Zosterops, 164

dorsalis, 164

—— strenuus, Gould, n.sp., 165, 166

—— tephropleurus, Gould, n. sp., 165,

166

THE END.

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