List

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articles contributed by each.

Assgort, Capt. James. page

Notes on the Wild sGntalOPe | of Khaurism calnitoge

Saiga, Pall.) . . coor >.70

Betcuer, Capt. R.N.

ELL OR STCURs Nets Ae ae) wen RR GR gs sec trae, be SO

Brackett, P. C., Esq.

Letter from, relating to the parent Stock of the Domestic

EAE Sai TSR Si ER RRR a NAD EMO a

Biytu, Epwarp, Esq.

PO TTORET RO MTIN she ad OE a, Ba SE Bk a ee aS

BrewsTER, Sir Davip.

Letter from, relating to the colouring matter of certain

Land-shells from the Philippine Islands . . . . . . . 16

Brivces, T., Esq.

Notes on various Birds and Mammals from Chile . . . 93

Broperip, W. J., Esq.

Descriptions of Species of Bulinus collected by H. Cu-

ming, Esq. - . . 14

Descriptions of Shells collected | by F HL. Cuning, Esq., in the

Philippine Islands . . . - . - 22,34, 36, 44

Brooke, JAMES, Esq.

Letter from, relating to the habits and points of distine-

tion in the Orangs of Borneo. . 2 1. eee we 5S

CHARLESWORTH, EpwArp, Esq.

On the habits of the Bassaris astuta, Lichtenstein ; and of

the Ascomys Mexicanus of the same author. . . . - « 60

CorFin, Mr. Commissary-General. page

Observations on the Habits of the Woodcock . . . . 79

Cox, Dr.

Letter, POM é Laces useelet Ss anise welt De-

Cust, Sir Epwarp.

Letter from, relating to a Species of Holothuria from the

Island of Porto Rico . ..- + + + «© « « it eee 3

DersBy, THE EARL oF.

Letter frome (leak a, bo Sate oe 2 ee ae eee

Fraser, L., Esq.

OR Se A eras

Govutp, J., Esq.

Description of a New Species of Himantopus from New

Maniaiice sen es wee we ees Cee ee ee

On a New Species of Hypsiprymnus from King George’s

BOMBA GVA Diep ee cs eile je 6) REN ae ee ee

On the Habits of the Lyre-bird (Menura superba). . . 41

Exhibition of a Specimen of the Apteryx Australis . . 70

Exhibition of Skulls of a New Species of Kangaroo . . 77

Descriptions of four New Species of Kangaroos . . . 80

Characters of a New Species of Goose nearly allied to

Nettapus Coromandelianus nike) <jeaieilt ee eee taal

Characters of a New Genus and Species of Anatide . . 95

Guisr, W. V., Esq.

Wietter from <<) ei) ce ta bet eh be), le Or ae aia a

GULLIVER, G., Esq.

Observations on the Blood-corpuscles of the Order Fere. 42

On the Blood-corpuscles of Marsupial Animals. . . - 49

Harvey, J. B., Esq.

Letfers’from. .. ..> . . “Qantas

Heron, Sir Rosert, Bt.

Notes relating to the Breeding of Gold-fishes . . . . 42

Observations on the Eggs and Young of the Rhea, &c. . 79

Hitt, R., Esq.

Letter from, relating to the Nests of the Birds of Jamaica 69

Luorsky, Dr.

On Animal Tuition and Animal Hygiene . . . - + 65

Lzonanp, M.

Exhibition of two Pointer Dogs, in illustration of his Ob-

servations on the Intelligence of these Animals . . . . 47

McC.Le.ianp, Dr.

Letters from. SG "Pe en Re ae area

Moors, E., Esq. page

WERELEDS TOTO Oe ceo or eee, I ee age a, BO

Oaixsy, W., Esq.

Description of a New ae ail of ak mcg “ied tan-

| i Ore Ge a S33

OciLzy, W., Esq.

GEER PONG pow ee Pee Mal Mat ss elke Colmes tea Oo

Owen, R., Esq.

Description of a New Genus and Species of Sponge . . 3

Description of the Stomach of the Colobus Ursinus,

NS ee aT Nt em at hh ta) aN” Bl lh ati

ParRKINsON, J., Esq.

Letter ee accompanying a Communication from Mr.

Commissary-General Coffin, lag to the Habits of the

Woodeock. <7". \o. = sy. Se a: pate aia Ne etes

Pory, Dr.

He tLeT LPO ses Wh ckh werkt. Peslabatelig, © wel hella een) SOMOS

Reeve, L., Esq.

Classification of the Zepades and Conchiferous Mollusca. 72

Description of a New Species of Corbis, a Genus of Ace-

phalous Mollusks of the Family Nymphacea. . ; > (8a

Characters of a New Species of Mitra, a Genus cf "Bette

nibranchiate Mollusks of the Family Columellata. . . . 93

On Lingula, a Genus of Brachiopodous Mollusks . . . 97

RicuHarpson, Dr.

On some new or little known Fishes from the Australian

Ris mR. seed} te Fe hata ervit eas Ge cx SEDETre VOI

Sowersy, G. B., Esq.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells, collected by H.

Cuming, Esq., in the Philippine Islands . . . . 1,19, 24, 39

On Species of Helix collected by H. Meee ae ., in the

Philippine Islands . . . 17

Sowersy, G. B., Esq., Jun.

Descriptions of eight New Species of the Genus Ranella. 51

Descriptions of several New Species of Chitones, brought

by H. Cuming, Esq., from the Philippine Islands . . . . 61

Descriptions of nine Species of the Genus Pupina. . . 101

Descriptions of four Species of the Genus Chiton, brought

by H. Cuming, Esq., from the Philippine Islands . . . . 103

SrrickLanp, Hueu, Esq.

On some New Genera of Birds . . ....... Q7

Srutcueury, S., Esq.

Description of a New Sponge from Barbadoes . . . . 86

Viens, G. T., Esq.

Letter from, relating to a collection of Birds formed iti

Thibet and Cashmere

Warernouse, G. R., Esq. ,

Description of a New Species of Hare from Thibet.

Observations upon some Monkey Skins from Fernando Po

On a New Genus of Rodents allied to the Genera Poepha-

gomys, Ctenomys, &c. . - y

Descriptions of some new Coleopterous Insects from the

Southern Parts of S. America, collected by C. Darwin, Esq.

and JT. Bridges, Esq. - ~ - By a

Westwoop, J. O., Esq.

Monograph on the Genus Nematoptera . + + + + +

Descriptions of some Coleopterous Insects from Tropical

Afriea belonging to the Section Heteromera . ;

YARRELL, W., Esq.

Exhibition of a British Specimen of the Motacilla alba,

Boise feel eo ge eae eto ha

On the Trachea’ of a Male Spur-winged Goose, Azser

Gambensis and Chenalopex Gambensis of authors .—

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 12, 1841.

In consequence of there not being a sufficient number of Members

present to constitute a quorum, the Meeting was adjourned to Ja-

nuary the 26th.

January 26, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Letters from E, L. Moore, Esq., and Augustus Elliott Fuller, Esq.,

were read.

A letter from Sir Edward Cust was next read. This letter con-

tains a description of a species of Holothuria, presented by Sir E. Cust

to the Society, obtained at the island of Porto Rico, and remarkable

for its leopard-like markings.

A continuation of Mr. G. B. Sowerby’s descriptions of new species

of shells, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands,

was next read.

Hexrx monocuroa. Hel. testd suborbiculari, tenuiusculd, subpal-

lescente brunned, haud nitente; spird mediocri ; anfractibus quatuor,

ventricosis, rugulosis, ultimo maximo, ceteris multd majori ; fasciis

binis medianis saturatioribus, binis pallidioribus ; suturd distincte

impressd ; aperturd subelliptico-semilunari, intus albd ; labio ex-

terno latiusculo, rotundato-reflexo, extiis subfusco ; labio interno

tenuissimo, columellari subdilatato, umbilicum mediocrem partim

tegente.

Long. 1°3, lat. 2: poll.

Hab. ad insulam Tablas dictam.

This species appears to be very distinct from any of those given

-by De Férussac, as well as from the Helix Cailliaudi of Deshayes,

with which I have compared it. Besides the rugulosities which

cover the external surface, oblique lines of growth are easily distin-

guishable, which are stronger near the suture.

Nos. XCVI. & XCVII.—Procrepines or tHE Zoot. Soc.

Hexrx cutorocaroa. Hel. testd globoso-suborbiculart, tenuiusculd,

pallide brunned, haud nitente ; spird elevatiusculd ; anfractibus 4,

ventricosis, levibus ; striis solim incrementi tenuibus insculptis, ul-

timo maximo, ceteris multd majori ; fascid unica albidé mediané ;

suturd distincté ; aperturé rotundato-sublunari, intis albd ; labio

externo rotundato-reflexo, fuscescente, interno tenui ; labio columel-

lari lato, albicante, subsinuoso, profundé ineunte ; umbilico nullo.

Long. 1°6, lat. 2° poll.

This species bears a general resemblance to the last, though it

may easily be distinguished by its more elevated spire and the ab-

sence of an umbilicus. Besides the lighter-coloured band, the shell

is usually mottled with paler light-brown markings. A variety oc-

curs of a much darker colour, but similarly marked.

Hexix Spuarion. Hel. testd globoso-orbiculari, tenui, levi, uni-

coloris, haud nitens ; spird brevi, paululim elevatd ; anfractibus

quatuor, ventricosis ; striis soliim incrementi, tenuibus insculptis,

ultimo maximo, ceteris multd majore ; suturd lined alba distincta ;

apertura rotundatd, anfractu ultimo tenuiter modificata, intis albi-

cante ; labio externo fuscescente, antice paululiim reflexo ; labio colu-

mellari albo, latiusculo, profunde ineunte.

Long. 1°3, lat. 1°6 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum propé ‘Tanauan ad insulam Leyte dictam

Philippinarum.

This species is most like H. Coccomelos, but may be distinguished

from that by its thin, scarcely reflected outer lip. Two varieties in

colour have been found, one of which is of a very dark chocolate-

brown, and the other of a pale yellowish brown. Another variety,

very much resembling this last, has been found at Lobock, in the

island of Bohol, which differs only in the lip being rather more re-

flected.

Hexix mirasitis, De F. Hel. testa subglobosd, imperforata, levi,

nitidd, candida, epidermide olivaceo-lutescente indutd ; spird eleva-

tiusculd, obtusd ; anfractibus 44 rotundatis, ultimo maximo, ple-

rumque fasciis duobus rufo-fuscis cincto; suturd distinctd ; aper-

turd subobliqud, elliptico-rotundatd ; peritremate albo, latiusculo,

reflexo ; columella alba, latiusculd, antice sinuatd ; labio interno

tenut.

Long. 1°6, lat. 1°3 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum propé Albay, provinciz Albaiensi ad in-

sulam Lucon Philippinarum.

Syn. Helix galactites, Lam. (Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans Vert. vi.

part 2, p. 69. April 1822).

Helix mirabilis, De Férussac (Hist. Nat. gen. et part. des Mol-

lusques Terr. et Fluy., t. 31, f. 4, 5, 6. 1819).

A representation of this fine species, without the epidermis, was

published by De Férussac in 1819, under the name of Helix mira-

bilis; his name is therefore here adopted. But Lamarck in 1822,

although he quotes De Férussac’s name and plate, has given it the

name of H. galactites, which of course must give way to De Férus-

sac’s.

It appears extremely probable that both Lamarck and De Férus-

sac have confounded with this species a variety of Helix metaformis,

De F., the latter author having figured a var. of that species under

the name of H. mirabilis, var. See his Tab. 104, f. 6 et 7, and La-

marck, describing his var. 3. as ‘‘ testd superne in conum elongatd.”

« T must here acknowledge my obligations to M. Valenciennes, who

has informed me in a note that the species I have described under

the name of decipiens is identical with this species, H. mirabilis, De F.

I suspect that he may be right in his opinion, and will take the ear-

liest opportunity of re-examining all the varieties of both, together.

« At present I will proceed to describe the principal varieties which

have occurred to Mr. Cuming, and which are unquestionably refer-

able to the mirabilis of De F.”

a. Shell rather thick and strong, with three dark bands, one of

which is close to the suture, and much narrower than the others.

b. Shell very thin, with bands similar to the last.

c. Shell with the spire much produced, and with three dark bands,

of which the middle one is very slender.

d. Shell very thin, with a narrow sutural band, and a broader cir-

cumferential band.

e. Shell thick and strong, with only a very narrow antesutural band.

f. Shell thin, and entirely destitute of bands.

Heuix rutcens. Hel. testa globoso-pyramidali, crassiusculd, im-

perforata, levi, nitidd, albidd; spird prominula, obtusd; anfractibus

41 ventricosis, castaneo-nigrogue fasciatis ; lineis incrementi tener-

rime insculptis ; aperturd suborbiculari, ints albd ; fasciis nigris

subconspicuis ; peritremate reflexo, albo ; columella latiuscula, alba,

profundé ineunte.

Long 1°5, lat. 1°15 poll.

Hab. ad Puerto Galero insule Mindoroensis Philippinarum.

Two principal varieties of this brilliant species have been found

by Mr. Cuming ; the one has black and chestnut-coloured bands,

beautifully relieved on a light-coloured ground, and the other has

the posterior part of each volution nearly white, one dark band close

behind the circumference, and three close-set dark bands in front.

Heurx curysocueitus. Hel. testa subglobosd, crassiuscula, levi,

nitidd, imperforatd ; spird mediocri, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque,

ventricosis ; lineis incrementi tenuiter insculptis, epidermide palles-

cente indutis ; aperturd suborbiculari, intis alba ; peritremate in-

crassato, reflexo, aurantiaco ; columella latiusculd, aurantiaca, pro-

fund? ineunte ; labio interno tenui.

Hab. supra folia arborum ad Banqui provincie Ilocos septentrio-

nalis ad insulam Lucon Philippinarum.

A very beautiful species, and apparently very distinct from any

that have hitherto been noticed. It is extremely rare.

Prof. Owen read his description of a new genus and species of

sponge, which he proposes to name Euplectella Aspergillum.

«Mr. Cuming has entrusted to me for description,” says the author,

“one of the most singular and beautiful, as well as the rarest of the ma-

rine productions with which his researches in the Philippine Islands

have enabled him toenrich the zoological collections of his native coun-

try. This production is, however, a member of the very lowest class of

the animal kingdom, if even it be permitted to rank in that division

of organized nature. After repeated examination and much reflec-

tion, I can arrive at no other conclusion than that the object about

to be described is the skeleton or framework of a species of sponge

helonging to that division of the class called Horny, in opposition to

the calcareous and siliceous groups, and to the Alcyonoid family. It is

a hollow, cylindrical, slightly conical, and gently curved case or tube,

resembling a delicate cornucopia, with the apex removed. It

measures eight inches in length, two inches across the base, and one

inch and a quarter across the apex, which is truncated. The base

or wider aperture of the tube is sub-elliptical, and is closed by a cap

of coarse and somewhat irregular network, gently convex externally,

the circumference of which is divided from the walls of the cylinder

by a thin projecting plate, standing out like a ruff or frill. This

marginal plate varies in breadth from one to three lines. The pa-

rietes of the circular cone consist also of a network of coarse fibres,

but these exhibit the greatest regularity of disposition, and intersect

each other at definite and nearly equal distances throughout the

course of the cone. They consist of longitudinal, transverse, and

oblique fibres, the latter being of two kinds, winding spirally round

the cylinder, but in opposite directions. The strongest fibres are

the longitudinal and transverse ones, which are arranged at intervals

of about a line and a half, and mark out regular square spaces

of the same diameter: these spaces are kept of pretty equal size

throughout the cone, from the circumstance of the longitudinal fibres

diminishing in number as the cone decreases in size; the mode of

diminution is not, however, by abrupt termination, but by the gra-

dual convergence and final interblending of two contiguous longitu-

dinal fibres, and the regularity of the interspaces is therefore disturbed

at the intervals of such converging fibres. The fibre resulting from

this union of two fibres bears a proportionate thickness to the addi-

tional material entering into its composition. The nature of such

material is demonstrated at the apex of the cone by the resolution

of the longitudinal fibres into their component filaments, each of

them dividing at about two thirds of an inch from their extremity

into a fasciculus or pencil of extremely delicate, stiff, glistening,

elastic threads, resembling the finest hairs of spun glass. The trans-

verse fibres, in like manner, are resolved at the truncated apex of

the cone into their component filaments, which intersect those pro-

ceeding from the longitudinal fibres, as well as similar pencils from

the oblique filaments, the whole forming an irregular silky tuft, which

almost closes the apical aperture of the cone.

“The longitudinal fibres are external to the transverse ones, to

which they are connected by both the spiral fibres, and by smaller and

less regular intersecting fibres at the angles of the squares ; the area of

each square is thus reduced more or less to a circular form: at about

one or two inches from the apex, these connecting reticulate fibres

begin to rise in the form of narrow ridges from the general surface

of the network, and sooner on the convex than on the concave side

of the bent cone. These ridges at first are short and interrupted ;

they are then more extended, but irregular in their course, some

being transverse, others undulated or curved ; but as they approach

the base of the cone they are continued into broader ridges, which

follow, with more or less regularity, the course of the oblique spiral

fibres ; the broadest of these ridges would measure two lines and a

half. Their structure presents an extremely fine and irregular net-

work, disposed, for the most part, in two plates, which converge as

they recede from the general wall of the cone, and terminate in a

sharp and well-defined edge. ‘The component fibres of these reticu-

lations, like those of the main network, are resolved into the fine

silky filaments above mentioned. The fibres of the coarse irregular

network which closes the basal aperture of the cone, and which con-

stitutes the main characteristic of this Aleyonoid sponge, appear to

be directly continued from, and, as it were, to include all those which

enter into the composition of the longitudinal, transverse and ob-

lique fibres of the wall of the cone; the frill-like ridge above de-

scribed defining the line of transition from the one to the other.

The inner surface of the reticulate parietes of the cone is even; not

interrupted by any ridges or processes like those on the outer sur-

face. The number of the longitudinal filaments at the base of the

cone is 60; that at the smaller end, where they begin to resolve

themselves into their constituent filaments, is 30. The diameter of

the longitudinal fibres is about 3th of an inch; that of the trans-

verse fibres is somewhat less. The oblique fibres, where they are

most regular, average 75th of an inch; the longitudinal fibres, where

they begin to resolve themselves into their component filaments, ex-

pand in the direction of a line passing to the centre of the cone, and

not in the direction of the plane of its circumference ; maintaining, in

the latter respect, nearly the same breadth to their entire unraveling ;

whilst in the other dimension they equal one line in breadth before

they are wholly decomposed. Small portions of a finely reticulate

plate were loosely attached to some parts of the internal surface.

The fibres of these pieces consisted of minute filaments, irregular in

their course, branching, anastomosing, and sending off abrupt pro-

cesses like thorns. The component filaments of the parietal fibres

are of two kinds ; the one simple, cylindrical, and smooth; the others

barbed at pretty regular distances through their whole course, like

the hair of certain caterpillars. I have also observed a long filament,

simple at one extremity, and becoming barbed at the other. ‘They

consist of material like the dried gluten of marine plants, containing

a small proportion of azote, and burning away to a charry residuum.

“If the basal aperture of the cone were open, the resemblance to

many of the beautiful reticulate Aleyonoid sponges would be very

close: its closure by the reticulate convex cap, in the present in-

stance, establishes the generic distinction; and in the exquisite

beauty and regularity of the texture of the walls of the cone the

species surpasses any of the allied productions that I have, as yet,

seen, or found described.”

A letter from G. T. Vigne, Esq. was read. In this letter, at the

request of the Society’s Curator, Mr. Vigne furnishes the following

list of Birds constituting part of a collection this gentleman had formed

during his travels in Thibet, Cashmere, &c.

Aguila Bonelli, Gould. Cashmere and Lower Himalaya.

Buteo ? Cashmere.

Accipiter fringillarius, Ray. Cashmere.

Falco biarmicus ? Temm.] Common in the plains under the Alpine

Chicquera? Lath. Panjab.

Athene Cuculoides, Gould. In the Alpine Panjab.

Caprimulgus Asiaticus, Lath. Plain of Attok.

Merops Apiaster, Linn. Cashmere and Persia.

Alcedo Bengalensis, Gmel. Cashmere.

Smyrnensis. Alpine Panjab.

Phenicornis brevirostris, Vig. 1b.

Muscipeta castanea, Temm. Ib.

Turdus atrogularis, Temm. Ib.

Oriolus galbuloides, Gould. Ib.

TIros leucogenys (Brachypus leucogenys of Hardwick and Gray’s ‘ In-

dian Zoology’). Cashmere.

Note.—An allied species, differing in having red instead of yellow

under the tail, is found in the plains of India.

Ianthocincla variegata, Gould. Alpine Panjab.

Petrocincla savatilis, Vig. Ib.

— Pandoo, Sykes. Ib.

Enicurus maculatus, Vig. Cashmere.

Phenicura leucocephala, Vig. 1b.

Motacilla lugubris, Pall. Ib.

Coccothraustes Icteroides, Vig. Alpine Panjab.

Pastor Mahrattensis. Ib.

Garrulus lanceolatus, Vig. Ib.

Fregilus graculus, Cuv. Himalaya tops ; Little Thibet.

Nucifraga hemispila, Vig. Cashmere.

Cuculus micropterus, Steph. Cashmere.

Dendrocopus Himalayanus. Alpine Panjab.

Picus nuchalis, Wagl. Ib.

Chrysoptilus squamatus, Swains. Ib.

Bucco grandis, Linn. Jb.

Tichodroma phenicoptera, Temm. Cashmere, Alpine Panjab, and

Little Thibet.

Columba leuconota, Vig. Thibet mountains.

Turtur auritus, Ray. Alpme Panjab.

Phasianus Stacei, Vig. _Chumba.

albocristatus, Vig. Alpine Panjab.

——- Pucrasia, Vig. Ib.

Lophophorus Impeyanus, Vig. Cashmere and Himalaya. ;

Tetraogallus Nigellii, Gray. Snow range, Cashmere and Little Thibet.

Pterocles arenarius, Temm. Plains of Panjab.

Francolinus vulgaris, Gould. Alpine Panjab and Indus.

Perdix Chukar, Lath. 'Thibet.

Coturnix Sinensis. India and Panjab.

Ardea cinerea, Lath. Panjab.

Tbis Falcinellus, Cuv. Little Thibet.

Scolopax rusticola, Linn. Dodah, near Cashmere,

Note.—A second species, nearly allied to the Scolopax major, Linn.,

is found in Cashmere.

Totanus ~? Thibet.

Parra Sinensis, Lath. Cashmere.

Querquedula Crecca, Steph. Ib.

Fuligula Nyroca, Steph. Little Thibet.

Mr. Vigne’s letter also contains the following notes, relating to a

species of Hare from Little Thibet, which was exhibited to the Meet-

ing, and which he had presented to the Society :—

“« The Hares of Little Thibet, which is a barren country, are found

almost exclusively within, or within reach of, sandy valleys, through

which a stream flows, creating on its flat banks just verdure enough

for them to feed upon. ‘They lie in forms, under rocks and stones ;

sometimes, when pursued, will take to any natural hollows beneath

them, and are occasionally, and, in fact, frequently, sheltered by the

thick bushes of Turtarian furze, with which the valleys of Little Thibet

abound, more or less. They do not burrow, but scratch away a

deep form under a stone or rock. In some respects this species re-

sembles the Alpine Hare, but the latter has a small ear, whilst the

present animal has a very large, broad, and open ear. I never heard

that these Hares were gregarious, excepting from the necessity of

seeking the same places in quest of food, and those being few and far

between. The nature of the country would prevent any migration,

such as that of the Alpine Hares.

«T never heard it utter any peculiar cry, and should think it not

unfikely that the varieties said to exist in Tartary by Bewick, and

to whistle sharply, like the chirping of a sparrow, must be the large

Drun (?) or Thibetian Marmot, of which Jacquemont says he received

a skin, and of which I and Dr. Falconer also have seen plenty. I

had the skeleton of one, but unfortunately lost it.”

Mr. Vigne moreover observes, that there are no Hares in Cashmere,

though it is a country which appears to be particularly fitted for

them; neither are there any gray or black Francolins, though all are

found within four or five days’ march of the Valley.

The Hare exhibited, Mr. Waterhouse observed, was an undescribed

species, and he proceeded to characterize it under the name of

Lerus Trzzranus. Lep. cinereus, pilis flavescenti-albo nigroque

annulatis ; abdomine albo ; pedibus supra sordidé albis, subtiis sordide

flavescenti-fuscis, pilis densis indutis ; caudd mediocri, alba, supra ni-

gricante ; auribus longis, ad apicem nigricantibus : nuchd sordide alba,

indistincté fulvo-lavatd.

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 18 0

DOMME CO Fe ween «6 nde a « 4 6

LOPS ree ws caste st pie 2 sik Tigtiedl,

_ CUINS RO oo tao Sees or eeansaet snes 4 6

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 3 8

The Thibet Hare, compared with most other species of the genus, is

most remarkable for its pale grayish colouring, and the almost total

absence of brown or yellow tints in its fur. On the upper parts of

the body the fur is of a pale gray hue next the skin; the hairs are

blackish beyond the middle, and at the point, and broadly annulated

with white or cream colour near the point; but interspersed with the

ordinary fur on this part of the body are numerous hairs which

are white at the base, though annulated like the others on the apical

portion. The fur on the chest is also pale gray at the base, but ex-

ternally it has a faint fulvous hue, though it might almost be de-

scribed as dirty white, and the occiput and back of the neck are of

the same hue. On the belly the fur is white, even next the skin:

The legs and feet are almost white; a slight ashy tint is observable

on the outer side of the hinder pair; they are rather densely clothed

with fur, and that on the under side is of a yellowish-brown hue, but

not very dark. The ears are very large, and well clothed with hairs ;

on the outer part, in front, these hairs have the same colouring as

those on the back of the animal, but on the hinder part they are

white, or nearly so, and the apical portion of the ear is broadly mar-

gined with black.

The skull, compared with that of the common Hare, differs, in

being much smaller, and proportionally narrower; the upper in-

cisors have the groove rather more near the middle of the tooth.

Following are the principal dimensions of the skull :—

in. lin.

AOtal 1608th 8 cas coe tae 3.4

Wien Sic... eee he 1 72

Width between orbits ...... Dall

Length of nasal bones ...... ee >

Width af base (ioe, oe 0 8

Length of bony palate ...... Loe

Mr. Gould exhibited and characterized a new species of Himan-

topus, which he had received from New Zealand.

Himantorus Nova Zetanpiz. Him. fuliginoso-niger, dorso, alis

cauddque nitore virescente tinctis. Exempla, fronte, loris, mento,

collo antice, et ad latera, sic et pectore crissoque albis, nonnunquam

obveniunt.

The whole of the plumage sooty black, with the exception of the

back, wings and tail, which are glossed with green : examples some-

times occur with the forehead, lores, chin, front and sides of the

neck, chest, and under tail-coverts white ; bill black ; feet pink-red.

Total length, 16 inches; bill, 3; wing, 93; tail, 33; tarsi, 34.

This bird is interesting, not so much for its beauty, but as adding

another species to the very limited genus Himantopus, of which,

until lately, only one was known. Mr. Gould regretted that no other

information accompanied the specimens than that they were killed

at Port Nicholson. From the great difference in their colouring it

might be supposed that they are distinct, but he inclines to believe

that they are either the result of age or season; in all probability

the black plumage is that of summer.

February 9, 1841.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq. in the Chair.

A letter from Dr. M‘Clelland, of Calcutta, Corr. Memb., was

read. It states that Dr. M‘Clelland had forwarded for the Society

a pair of Java Pea-fowls; these having been brought from Chitta-

gong by C. W. Smith, Esq., who expressed a desire to present them

to the Society. Dr. M‘Clelland also states, that he shall endeavour

to procure for the Society a pair of the Jungle Pea-fowl of India.

A letter from P. C. Blackett, Esq., dated January 27, 1841, was

next read. It relates to the parent stock of the domestic Dog (Canis

familiaris of authors), and gives some account of the habits of the

European Wolf. The pups of this animal, it is said, were considered

valuable about sixty or seventy years back, and that they were easily

domesticated, and became as familiar and attached to their master

as the common domesticated Dog.

A monograph on the genus Nematoptera, by J. O. Westwood,

Esq., F.L.S., was read.

In this monograph numerous new species are added to those

already characterized by Dr. Klug and others. The genus Nema-

toptera (Nemoptera, Latr.) was placed by its founder, Latreille, in the

family Panorpide, owing to the rostrum being elongated as in that

family ; but Mr. Westwood agrees with Drs. Klug and Burmeister, in

arranging the species in the Hemerobiide, since they agree with this

family, not only in the structure of the mouth, but also in the ge-

neral arrangement of the nervures of the wings.

Following are the chief characters of the species :—

Sectio 1™.

Alz anticze latissime ovate, coloratz, serie duplici vel triplici cellu-

larum in area anali.

Sp. 1. Nemaroprera Pzrivert. Nem. alis anticis ovatis, pallid?

flavis ; fasciis quatuor sinuatis ; costa ad basin immaculata ; ma-

cula oblonga ante mediam, altera media tertiaque subapicali, ni-

gris, punctisque nonnullis versus marginem internum et in discum

ale ejusdem coloris.

Expans. alar. antic. 2—25 unc. Long. alar. postic. 1—14 une.

Syn. The Feather-tailed Smyrna Adderbolt, Petiver, Gazoph.

tab: 73. f.11. :

Phryganea e Moldavia, Linneus, Kongl. Vetensk. Handl. 1747.

p- 176—178. tab. 6. fig. 1.

Ephemera Coa, Hasselquist, Iter Palestinum, p. 423. (1757).

No. XCVII.—Procgepines or THE Zoot. Soc.

Panorpa Coa, Linneus, Syst. Nat. Edit.x. Ditto, Edit. xii. vol. ii.

p-915. Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p.314. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 208.

Panorpa halterata, Fabr. Mantiss. Ins. p. 251.

Nemoptera sinuata, Olivier, Enc. Méth. viii. p.178. Lamarck,

Hist. Nat. iv. p.419. Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 13. No. 2.

Sp.2. Nematorrera Coquzsertit. Nem. alis anticis latissime

ovatis, pallidiori-flavescentibus ; fasciis tribus valde sinuatis; costa

in areas angustas divisa, singula area linea obscura notata, macula

media costali, altera intermedia, 3tiaque versus apicem coste ob-

scuris ; disco et basi punctis numerosis nigris ; areaque anali lata

duplici serie punctorum et unica strigarum nigrarum.

Expans. alar. antic. 12—13 unc. Long. alar. postic. 14 une.

Syn. Panorpa Coa, Coquebert, Illustr. iconogr. i. p. 15. tab. 3.

fig. 3.

~Nemoptera Coa, Olivier, Enc. Méth. tom. vii. p. 178. Klug?

Mon. Panorp. p. 12. No. 1. Burmeister ? Handb. d. Entomol. ii. p. 987.

Nemoptera lusitanica, Rambur. Faune Andal. tom. i. pl. 9. f. 1.

The extraordinary breadth of the fore-wings (which are as broad

as those of the preceding species, although of considerably less ex-

panse) is alone sufficient to distinguish this from the two other

species of this Section.

Sp. 3. NEMATOPTERA BIPENNIS. Nem. alis anticis latis, margine

antico fere recto; lete flavis, brunneo variis ; punctis numerosis

fasciisque tribus valde sinuatis brunneis ornatis; costa in cellulas

quadratas divisa ; singula cellula puncto rotundo notata ; macula

oblonga paulld pone medium coste apiceque toto brunneis, et in hoc

apice macula parva subcostalis elongata alteraque magna ovalis,

area anali serie unica punctorum alteraque strigarum.

Expans. alar. antic. 2—21 unc. Long. alar. postic. 13—, unc.

Syn. Panorpa bipennis, J//ig. Ahrens Faun. Ins. Eur. i. 16.

Nemoptera lusitanica, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. tab. 85. fig. sup. Klug,

Monogr. Panorp. p. 13. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent.ii. p. 987. Nec

Rambur. Faun. Andalusia. ii. pl. 9. f. 1.

Nemoptera Coa, Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. t. xiii. pl. 97. bis

fig.2. Gen. Crust. ili. p. 186. Savigny, Descr. de Egypte, Neur.

pl. 2. fig. 15.

Diptita lusitanica, Hoffm. MSS. quoted by Leach.

This species (to which I have restored Illiger’s specific name,

which has been overlooked by all subsequent authors, although

several years prior to Leach’s) is at once distinguished from the

two preceding species by the shape of the fore-wings, of which the

anterior margin is almost straight, at least for two-thirds of the

length of the wing; they are consequently not so greatly dilated as

in the two preceding. The colour of the wings is also of a much

ee yellow, and the markings are fine brown, instead of obscure

ack.

Sectio 24°.

Al antice angustiores hyaline ; serie unica cellularum oblongarum

in area anali.

Subsectio 1,

Ale posticee pone medium subitd bis aut semel dilatatee.

Sp. 4. Nemarorrera extensa. Nem. alis unticis hyalinis ; costa

paulld obscuriori punctoque minuto fusco supra conjunctionem

vene mediastine cum postcostali ; alis posticis ante apicem apice-

que rotundato, valde extensis et infuscatis.

Expans. Alar. antic. 12 unc. Long. alar. postic. 13 unc.

Syn. N. extensa, Olivier, Enc. Méth. viii. p. 178. Guerin, Icon. d.

Régne An. Ins. pl. 61. f. 1. Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 13.

Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 987.

The short description given above is taken from a specimen in my

collection, which was captured by Olivier himself near Bagdad, and

for which I am indebted to my friend Audouin.

Sp. 5. Nemarorrera pirarata. Nem. fusco-brunnea ; alis anticis

hyalinis; posticis ante apicem biextensis fuscis; apice angusto

lacteo.

Expans. alar. antic. 2 unc. Long. alar. postic. 1,4, unc.

Syn. N. dilatata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 14. tab. annex. fig. 1.

Burmeister, Handb. ii. p. 987.

This very distinct species has the hind wings comparatively short,

with the expansions considerably larger than in N, ertensa. It is

from South Africa.

Sp. 6. NEMATOPTERA Forsxatiu. Nem. alis anticis hyalinis, vena

postcostali flava ; alis posticis “ triclavatis” ; stylo flavo ; clava 1"

fusco-flavescenti ; 94a dimidio minori cerulea; 3% terminali ob-

longa caerulea; apice extimo obtuso.

“Corp. long. poll.” Al postice, “3 poll. vel corpore triplo

longiores.”’

Syn. Panorpa halterata, Forskall, Descr. Anim. p. 97. tab. 25.

fig. E. (copied in Encycl. Méth. pl. 98. fig. 1., under the name of

Panorpe d orient).

Nec N. halterata, Fabr., Olivier, Dumeril, Klug.

Sp. 7. Nemaroprera BarBara. Nem. alis erectis pallidis ; costa

late fusca ; posticis linearibus longissimis subbiclavatis nigris apice

dilatatis in medio coarctatis ; fasciis tribus albis, intermedia minori.

Syn. Panorpa Coa, Fabricius, Mantiss. Ins. i. p. 251.

Panorpa halterata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 208.

Nemoptera barbara, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 14.

Sp. 8. Numarorrera patiipa. Nem. alis anticis hyalinis imma-

culatis venis fulvescentibus punctoque* minuto stigmaticali albo ;

posticis longissimis linearibus albis apice viz latioribus, fascia tamen

fusca dilatata pone medium ale.

Expans. Alar. antic. 1,9, unc. Long. alar. postic. ~ une.

Syn. N. pallida, Olivier, Enc. Méth. vii. p. 179.

N. halterata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 14?.

Subsectio 2.

Al postice absque dilatatione.

(a.) Fasciate.

Sp. 9. NEMATOPTERA AFRICANA. Nem. corpore luteo, brunneo

vario ; alis anticis apice rotundatis hyalinis ; spatio inter venam me-

diastinam et postcostalem luteo ; his venis fulvo-testaceis, umbra

fuscescenti apicali post stigma albidum ; alis posticis basi palli-

dioribus ; fascia fusca ante apicem album.

Expans. alar. antic. 2 unc. Long. alar. postic. 2 unc.

Syn. Nemopteryx africana, Leach, Zool. Misc. vol. ii. p. 74. tab.

85. fig. inf.; Griffith, Animal Kingd. vol. xv. p. 324. pl. 105. fig. 4.

Sp. 10. Nematorrera Baciuiaris. Nem. pallida, dorso brunnea

vario ; alis hyalinis, anticis (apice angustioribus subacutis) costa

pallida, ad apicem infuscuta; stigmate albo; posticis linearibus

longissimis, basi pallidis, ante apicem late fuscis ; antennis longi-

tudine alarum anticarum.

Expans. alar. antic. 21 unc. Long. alar. postic. 23 unc.

Syn. N. bacillaris, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 15. tab. annex.

fig. 2. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 986.

Sp. 11. Nemaroprrera LatirpenNis. Nem. rufo-testacea; linea

dorsali media fusca ; alis anticis dilatatis rotundatis ; umbra cine-

rea post stigma album ; posticis in basi rufescentibus ; fascia fusca

ante apicem album.

Long. corp. 6''; alar. antic. 10'".

Syn. N. latipennis, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 986.

This species inhabits South Africa, and is described by Burmeister

from the Museum of Halle.

Sp. 12. Nemaroprera aneutata. Nem. pallida, brunneo varia ;

antennis fuscis longitudine alarum anticarum ; alis anticis apice

angulatis, hyalinis ; vena mediastina et postcostali fulvis (spatio

intermedio luteo), punctoque parvo in cellula singula aree costalis

fulvo ; stigmate fusco; alis posticis longissimis fere linearibus,

dimidio basali brunneo ; fascia lata ante apicem album fusca.

Expans. alar. antic. 21 unc. Long. alar. postic. 25 unc.

Syn. Nemoptera angulata, Westw. in Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. i.

Journal of Proceedings, p. 75.

Inhabits South Africa.

Sp. 13. Nematoprera costauis. Nem. lutea, brunneo varia ;

antennis luteo-fulvis, alis anticis multd brevioribus ; alis anticis

apice rotundatis hyalinis ; vena mediastina et postcostali fulvis

(spatio intermedio luteo), punctoque parvo in cellula singula aree

costalis fulvo ; stigmate fusco ; nubila apicali alba, interne umbra

tenui lutea marginata ; alis posticis albidis ad basin fuscescentibus ;

Fascia fusca ante apicem album,

Expans. alar. antic. 2 unc. Long. alar. postic. 24 unc.

Syn. N. costalis, Westw. in Trans. Ent. Soc. i. ELxxv.

Inhabits South Africa.

Sp. 14. Nematorrera oLiviert1. Nem. corpore testaceo brunneo-

que variegato ; alis hyalinis ; anticis valde angustis ; costa pallide

fusca, lineaque (aree costali posticé conjuncta) tenui stigmateque

albidis ; posticis linearibus basi fasciaque testaceis.

Expans. alar. antic. 14 unc.

Syn. N.halterata, Olivier,Enc. Méth. viii. p.178. (nec Forskallii).

N. costata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. Bae

(5.) Ale postice setaceze haud fasciatee.

Sp. 15. Nemaroprera setacea. Nem. pallida; dorso pedibusque

Suscesentibus ; alis anticis hyalinis, ad apicem subinfuscatis macula

alba ; posticis setaceis apice albis.

Long. corp. lin.6. Expans. alar. antic. 12—12 lin.; alar. postic.

14—15 lin.

Syn. Nemoptera setacea, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 15. tab. an-

nex. f. 3. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 9&6.

Inhabits South Africa.

Sp. 16. Nemarorrera caPiuLAris. Nem. pallida; dorso luteo va-

rio; alis aniicis hyalinis, nervis fusco alboque variegatis, reticu-

latis ; macula ad marginem anticum ante-apicali alba ; posticis lon-

gissimis setaceis albis ; basi hyalinis reticulatis.

Long. corp. lin. 4. Expans. alar. antic. 103 lin. Long. alar.

postic. 134.

Syn. N. capillaris, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p.16. tab. annex. fig. 4.

Burmeister, Handb. d. Entomol. ii. p. 985.

Inhabits Arabia.

Sp.17. Nemaroprera aristata. Nem. albida; alis albo-hyalinis ;

anticis macula ante-apicali fusca ; posticis setaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 24.

Expans. alar. antic. 9. Long. alar. postic. 74.

Syn. Nem. aristata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 16. tab. annex.

fig. 5. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 985.

Inhabits Ambukohl.

Sp. 18. Nematoprera aba. Nem. alba immaculata ; oculis solim

nigris ; alis anticis hyalinis, venis albidis ; posticis longis setaceis

et coloris albi paulld obscuri.

**7 ou 8 lignes de largueur les ailes étendues,”’ Oliv.

Syn. Nem. alba, Olivier, Enc. Méth. viii. p.179. Klug, Monogr.

Panorp. p. 16.

Inhabits Bagdad. Found in the houses in the evenings of May.

Sp. 19. Nematoprera Fitipennis. Nem. luteo-fusca ; alis anticis

albo-hyalinis ; stigmate fusco ; posticis longissimis, basi nigrican-

tibus latioribus ; apice albo filiformi.

Long. corp. lin. 33. Expans. alar. antic. lin. 114. Long. alar.

postic. 1 une. 3 lin.

Habitat in India orientali. In Mus. D. W. W. Saunders, F.L.S.,

&e.

Mr, Gould exhibited to the Meeting fine specimens, male and fe-

male, of the Macropus laniger of Quoy and Gaimard, and a species of

Hypsiprymnus nearly allied to the H. minor, but which differs con-

siderably in the form of the skull, and especially in having the muzzle

broader, the sides being swollen; it also differs from H. minor in

having the tail and tarsi proportionally shorter. This species being

new, Mr. Gould characterized it as follows, under the name

Hyrsiprymnus Gitsertu1. Hyps. colore corporis superné e cine-

reo, fusco, nigroque commixtis, lined nigrescente a naso ductd cum

colore frontis se intermiscente ; corpore subtis e cinereo albo.

une, lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 16 0

GOUDR. . » iys so qa-tg eee ee ae

pO ero Mae Ie a aoitbece [obs 3 0

This species was procured by Mr. Gould’s assistant, Mr. Gilbert,

at King George’s Sound.

The following two papers, being a continuation of the descriptions

of Mr. Cuming’s shells, were next read.

The first of these papers is by W. J. Broderip, Esq.

Burinus Macutirerus. Bul. testd plerumque sinistrorsd, elongato-

pyramidali, anfractibus sex subventricosis, ultimo longe maximo,

lineis incrementi oblique longitudinaliter striatd ; aperturd ovatd ;

labro sub-patulo reflezo albo.

Var. A. Griseo-brunnea strigis griseo-subpurpureis et maculis albis

griseo-subpurpureisque irregulariter notata ; anfractu basali su-

perne suturam juxta albo vittata.

Bulinus maculiferus is figured in Sowerby’s Conchological Illus-

trations, but has not hitherto been described.

Var. B. Griseo-albens vel subflavescens strigis frequentibus, irregu-

laribus, subangulatis, sordide subpurpureis ornata.

This seems to be the shell figured by Petiver, Tab. Ixxvi. fig.5.

Described by him as “a rare Luzone-shell, with its mouth to the

right. Cat.224. Its waves brown, the rest yellow and white.”

Var. C. Flavescens, ochraceo-brunneo strigata.

Var. D. Albido-brunnescens ; anfractibus prioribus strigis obscuris

undulatis, ultimo strigis distantibus oblique longitudinalibus roseis

albo limbatis, ornatis.

Var. E. Tota alba.

Var. F. Deztrorsa alba vel subflavescens strigis purpureo-brunneis

presertim in anfractum ultimum creberrimis et subirregularibus

ornata.

Length about 24 inches. Breadth about 12 inch.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

Locality. All the varieties, except Var. C., were found in the

province of Misamis, in the island of Mindanao. Var. C. was found

at Gindulman, in the isle of Bohol. All were taken on the trunks

of trees.

This is a handsome species; the ivory-like appearance of the

apex, with its dark border, in most of the varieties, except the white

one, is remarkable. In fine specimens, the inside of the mouth has

a satin-like nacreous lustre, bordering on iridescence, something like

that often seen upon the tendon of a muscle.-—W.J.B.

Buuinus Evanescens. Bul. testd obtuse conico-pyramidali, sub-

pupiformi, anfractibus 5, lineis incrementi creberrime striatd ; labro

subreflexo.

Var. A. Albido-flavescens ; anfractu penultimo et ultimo purpureo-

brunneo suturam juxta superne vittata ; strigd basali ad columellam

approximante purpureo-nigrd.

Long. 13. Lat. § poll. circ.

Var. B. Gracilior, alba, strigd basali subpurpured.

Var. C. Tota alba.

Legit H. Cuming in insula Lugon.

Var. A. was taken at Lual, in the province of Pangusinan, on

leaves of bushes; the other two varieties at Catananan, in the

province of Tayabas, on leaves of trees.—W.J.B.

Buuinus vevatus. Bul. testd subpupiformi, anfractibus 5, ultimo

ceteros equante flavescente ad suturas rubro-brunneo vittatd, an-

Sractu basali fascid obscura subcentrali cincto, epidermide albente

meatibus plend, velatd; strigd basali et labii vix reflexi limbo

rubro-brunneis ; aperturd albd. :

Long. 15%. Lat. ;% poll. cire.

Hab. in insula Camote.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis, foliis arborum adhzrentem.

In a great number of the beautiful land-shells collected by Mr.

Cuming, and herein-before described, the pattern, upon immer-

sion in water or other fluid, becomes entirely obliterated till evapo-

ration restores the colours to all their pristine brilliancy. In the

species now before us, the very reverse is the result of immersion.

The external whitish porous epidermis which veils the shell when

dry, suffers the bright colours to shine out when immersed in water.

Bul. velatus is described above, as it appears on immersion, and

before it becomes dry: but in the latter state the beauties of the

shell are shrouded, and the colour of the sutural bands, peeping out

between interstices in the epidermis, gives to these bands a moni-

liform appearance.

I sent to Sir David Brewster, as the highest authority on such

subjects, four or five species of those land shells from which the

pattern disappears upon immersion; but I have not as yet forwarded

to him any upon which the colours come out when so treated, Sir

David has been so obliging as to send me the following letter,

which I now lay before the Society :—

« Dear Sir,—I beg to return you my best thanks for the very

interesting specimens of land-shells from the Philippine Islands,

which you have been so kind as tosendme. The disappearance of

the white pattern by immersion in water or any other evaporable

fluid, and its subsequent reappearance when the shell is dry, are

phenomena perfectly analogous to those of hydrophanous opal, taba-

sheer, and other porous substances.

«« The phenomenon in the land-shells is still more beautiful when

we examine them by ¢ransmitted light. ‘The pattern which is white

by reflected light, is dark by transmitted light, and vice versd. This is

particularly beautiful in the Helix pulcherrima, where the ground of

the white pattern is almost black by reflected light, and of a light

reddish colour by transmitted light, the pattern which is white by

reflection, having a dark red colour by transmitted light.

«< In all these shells, the difference of structure by which the pat-

tern is produced, does not exist in the shell, but in the epidermis,

and hence the pattern may be wholly obliterated by removing the

epidermis. It appears to me, from very careful observations, that

the epidermis consists of two layers, and that it is only the upper

layer which is porous wherever the pattern is white. These white

or porous portions of the epidermis differ from the other parts of the

upper layer only in having been deprived of, or in never having

possessed, the element which gives transparency to the mem-

brane, in the same manner as hydrophanous opal has become white,

from the expulsion of its water of crystallization.

«« When the shell is immersed in water or any other fluid, the fluid

enters the pores of the white epidermis, and having néarly the same

refractive power as the epidermis, no light is reflected at the sepa-

rating surface of the water and the pores which contain it, so that

the light passes through the membrane, which thus loses its white

appearance. When the water escapes from the pores by evapora-

tion, or is driven from them by heat, the membrane again reflects

white light from the numerous surfaces of its pores.

«« As the colouring matter resides in the shell itself, its peculiar

colour is seen through the epidermis as distinctly where it is porous,

as where it is not porous, when the porous portion has been ren-

dered transparent by the absorption of a fluid.

«< If we apply oil or varnish to the white pattern, we may oblite-

rate it permanently, or we may change it into a pattern entirely dif-

ferent from the original one.

‘If these observations appear to you to have any interest, you

are welcome to make any use of them you please.

“I am, dear Sir, ever most faithfully yours,

« D. Brewster.”

It will be observed, that Sir David Brewster points out how the

application of oil or varnish to the white pattern may obliterate it

permanently ; such a case has already happened more than once:

persons who have become possessed of some of the species whose

patterns are lost on immersion, not content with their natural

beauties, and unaware of their peculiarity, have had recourse to art,

and by applying oil or varnish, have spoiled their specimens,—a

proper punishment for trying to mend nature.

The second paper is by G. B. Sowerby, Esq.

Helix metaformis. De F. var. .

It seems proper to notice the following additional varieties of this

species, varieties which have been found by Mr. Cuming in the

Philippine Islands, viz.—

a. Shell pale yellow brown, irregularly covered with a very pale

hydrophanous epidermis; circumference of the columella nearly

black; one pale brown band anterior to the circumference of the

shell; apex white. Found on leaves of trees near Manilla.

b, Shell pale yellow brown; apex white; circumference of the

columella nearly black; a pale brown band close behind the suture

of the first volutions. Found on leaves of trees near Manilla.

ec. Shell light brown, paler near the apex, which is reddish brown ;

circumference of the columella nearly black; two narrow brown

bands, one of which is placed at the cireumference of the shell, and

the other close to the suture in front. Found on leaves of trees

near Manilla.

d. Shell light brown, with a dull hydrophanous epidermis, paler

toward the apex, which is dark mahogany brown; circumference of

the columella nearly black ; two broad, very dark brown bands, one

of which is placed at the circumference of the shell, the other close

to the suture in front. Found on leaves of trees at San Mateo, in

the province of Tondo, isle of Lugon.

e. Shell brown, with a lighter coloured irregular hydrophanous

epidermis ; paler near the apex, which is dark brown; circumference

of the columella very dark brown; two brown bands nearly similar

to those in var. c. ‘This is rather a coarse variety, and appears to

be a slight example of monstrous growth, its spire being rather un-

usually elevated, and the volutions consequently more prominent.

Found on leayes of trees near Dolores, province of Pampamga, isle

of Lugon.

HELIx crnciyniForMis. Hel. testd ovato-oblongd, pyramidali, tenui,

levigatd, striis incrementi tenuissimis solim insculptd, apice spire

obtuso ; anfractibus quinque tenuitér rotundatis ; suturd distinctéd ;

aperturd obtuse subtrapezoidali, postice acuminata ; peritremate

tenuiter reflexo, albo; columella rectiusculd, subincrassatd, alba.

Long. 1°8; lat. 1:2 poll.

Hab. Supra folia arborum ad insulam Luban, Philippinarum.

Mr. Cuming has obtained three varieties of this species, viz. :—

a. Colourless.

6. White, a broad nearly black belt surrounding the columella, a

pale reddish brown band at the circumference of the shell, and a

darker brown antesutural band articulated with white hydrophanous

specks of epidermis; apex dark brown. -

ce. Shell white, with a broad nearly black belt surrounding the .

columella, a spiral dark brown band in the centre of the last volu-

tion and continuing to the apex, and an antesutural dark brown

band, articulated with whitish specks of hydrophanous epidermis.

Hexix tevcorua#a. Hel. testd ovato-oblongd, subpyramidali, cras-

siusculd, levi, obscurd, brunned ; epidermide hydrophand pallescente

induté ; apice obtuso; anfractibus sents, subrotundatis ; aperturd

rotundato-subtrapeziformi, postice acuminatd, labio externo crasso,

refiexo, albo, margine fusco ; columelldé subincrassatd, rectiusculd

albd, antice subsinuatd.

Long. 2; lat. 1:2 poll.

Hab. Supra folia arborum ad montes Igorrotes insule aig

Philippinarum.

This species has occurred in several localities, and there are seve-

ral varieties, all remarkable for a more or less russet brown hydro-

phanous epidermis. ‘They are

a. Shell of a nearly uniform colour, rather lighter near the suture,

and very irregularly speckled with dark brown shining spots, caused

by the partial abrasion of the epidermis. From the mountains of

the Igorrotes, in the northern part of the island of Lugon.

6. Shell of an uniform brown, with a nearly white sutural band

interrupted with brown shining spots. From the same locality.

ce. Shell of a light brown colour, with a dark band surrounding

the last volution. Found on leaves of trees at Sual, in the province

of Pangusinan, island of Lucon.

d. Shell of an uniform light brown, speckled with dark brown,

and with a dark brown antecircumferential band. Found on leaves

of trees at Dolores, in the province of Pampamga, isle of Lucon.

e. Shell small, of an uniform brown, with a nearly white ante-

sutural band, and a pale band near the circumference of the last

volution. From the mountains of the Igorrotes.

Ff. Shell brown, longitudinally streaked with nearly white, and

having a nearly white antecircumferential band. Found on leaves

of trees at Gattananga, in the province of Cagayan, island of Lucon.

g- Shell of an uniform dark brown. This appears to be a dwarf

variety, being much shorter in its proportions than the others.

Length 1:5; breadth 1:05 of an inch. Found on leaves of trees at

Sinait, in the province of South Ilocos, in the island of Lucon.

February 23, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from Capt. Belcher, R.N., dated Sincapore, October 22,

1840, was read. It announces that Capt. Belcher had forwarded

for the Society’s Menagerie a specimen of the Babyroussa Hog, from

the Moluccas.

Mr. G. B. Sowerby’s descriptions of the shells collected by H.

Cuming, Esq. were continued.

Hewix cotumsBariaA. Hel. testd suborbiculari, rotundato depressa,

leviusculd, fulvescente, brunneo-varie-zonatd, sepius prope suturam

albido tessellatd ; spird brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quinis plis mi-

nisve rotundatis ; peripherid rotundata; aperturd transversa

subauriformi ; peritremate incrassato, continuo, reflexo, subsi-

nuoso, intis antice nonnunquam unidentato ; dente obtuso ; umbilico

parvo, partim obtecto.

Long. 0°73; lat. 1:4 poll.

Obs. Testa pone aperturam sepius coarctata.

Hab. Sub lapidibus et ligno putrescente apud Calauan, provincize

Laguna, insule Lucon, Philippinarum.

The following varieties of this interesting and elegant species have

occurred to Mr. Cuming :—

a. Shell somewhat striated, strize forming the lines of growth,

many of those on the under side white, pale brown with brown bands

(one at the periphery, one close to the suture, and one beneath).

Distant, squarish, striated patches of white epidermis ornament the

broad band in front of the suture: aperture white: found at Ca-

lauan.

6. Shell slightly striated, striz as in the last, forming the lines of

growth; ground colour pale yellowish brown, with a rather darker

brown band close in front of the suture, a narrow brown band at the

periphery, and a broad one beneath, where this variety is also orna-

mented with brownish white mottlings: peritreme white, with a sin-

gle white tooth within at the lower part. From Calauan.

c. Pale brown, darker, and articulated with brownish white patches

in front of the suture ; a narrow brown band at the periphery, where

it is mottled with brownish white; peritreme flesh-colour, with a

single white tooth within at the lower part. From Albay.

d. Light brown, having a brown antesutural band, articulated with

brownish white, a brown band at the circumference and a broad

brown band beneath ; and brownish white mottlings spread over both

these last-mentioned bands; peritreme as in the last. Found at Al-

bay.

Herx concinna. Hel. testd oblongo-pyramidali, tenui, levigata,

epidermide fuscd albido-marmoratad indutd ; spire apice obtuso ;

anfractibus senis, planulatis ; suturd distinctd ; apertura rotundato-

subtrapeziformi ; labio externo incrassato, tenuiter reflexo, Susco ;

columella alba, subincrassatd, antice subsinuatda.

Long. 1°3; lat. 0°75.

Hab. Supra folia arborum ad Sanctam Jaun, provincie Cagayan

Insule Lucon, Philippinarum.

The ground colour of this very elegant little shell is of a dark

chestnut-brown, and this is covered all over, except a small portion

about the aperture, with an hydrophanous epidermis of various

shades of brown, beautifully marbled with white and brownish white.

Near the apex the shell is lighter coloured, but the apex itself is

darkish brown.

Heuix curta. Hel. testd subovatd, pyramidali, tenuiuseuld, levi-

gatd, epidermide superne pallescente, subtits fusca induta ; spire

apice obtuso; anfractibus subsenis, rotundatiusculis ; suturad di-

stinctd ; aperturd sublunari, ad latus columelle sinuata ; labio

externo reflexo, latiusculo, albo; columella obliqud, lata, antice

oblique truncata, alba.

Long. 1:2; lat. 0°9 poll.

Hab. Supra folia arborum apud Bauang, provincie Pangusinan

igsule Lucon, Philippinarum.

The shell itself is of a pale yellow-brown colour, lighter at the

third volution, where it begins to put on a pale tint of chestnut-

brown, which becomes darker as it approaches the apex, which is

brown.

Hexuix Mererrix, Hel. testa suborbiculari, rotundato-depressd,

crassiusculd, levi, fulvescente, brunneo-varie-zonatd, albidoque

marmorata ; spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quinis, subrotundatis ;

peripherid rotundatd ; aperturd transversd, subauriformi ; peritre-

mate incrassato, continuo, refleco, subsinuoso ; umbilico mediocri,

partim obtecto.

Long. 0°65; lat. 14 poll.

Hab. Supra truncos arborum apud Sual, provinciz Pangusinan,

insulz Lucon, Philippinarum.

Shell with a low, depressed spire, of a yellow-brown colour, with

three very dark brown, nearly black bands (one at the periphery,

one before, and one behind it); aperture posteriorly subsinuated,

white ; upper part of the shell with irregular radiating, broadish

white streaks.

March 9, 1841.

James Whishaw, Esq., in the Chair.

A paper by Dr. Richardson, on some new or little known fishes

from the Australian seas, was read. The following is an abstract

of this paper.

1, CuzrnopactyLus cisBosus, formd Cheilodactyli zonati, (h. e.

capite brevi, ore parvulo, dentibus brevibus setaceis ; dorso gibbo,

spind quartd longissimd ;) radiis pinne dorsalis articulatis radios

spinosos numero plus duplo excedentibus.

Rapu. P.8:VI; D. 17°36; V.1°5; A. 3°8; C.

This species differs from the ordinary Cheilodactyli, and agrees

with the Japanese species discovered by the naturalists who accom-

panied Admiral Krusenstern, in the body being very high in the pec-

toral region, and tapering away in a lengthened manner posteriorly ;

in the abruptly and steeply arched form of the spinous dorsal ante-

riorly, the smallness of the mouth, the slender teeth, and in horn-

like protuberances on the fore-part of the orbit, and also on the tip

of the snout, the latter formed by the projecting shoulders of the

maxillary bones. The Japanese species named zonatus in the ‘ Hist.

des Poissons,’ has only twenty-nine articulated rays in the dorsal,

and differs in the distribution of its dark bands of colour, which in

gibbosus run as follows:—one obliquely backwards over the eye

and operculum, another over the nape and tip of the gill-flap,

meeting the former at the base of the pectoral ; a third takes in the

first three short dorsal spines, and tapers away on the side under the

middle of the pectoral; while a fourth proceeding from a black patch

which occupies the fifth and seven following spines, and keeping par-

allel to the base of the dorsal, runs along the summit of the back to

the tail. In zonatus there are seven or eight dark stripes running

obliquely backwards. Both species appear to have spots on the tail.

The description of Cheilodactylus gibbosus is drawn up from two

Western Australian specimens brought home by Mr. Gould; and the

fish also inhabits the seas of New Zealand, Mr. Gray having recog-

nised a drawing by Parkinson of a specimen which was caught in

Endeavour River, on Cook’s second voyage, as being a correct repre-

sentation of this fish. (Vide Banks, Icon. ined. t. 23.) One of Mr.

Gould’s specimens is deposited in the British Museum, and the other

at Haslar Hospital.

2. OsTRACION LENTICULARIS, inermis, ovali-compressus, dorso ven-

treque carinatis.

Rapir. P. 12; D. 10; A. 10; C. 11.

The discovery of this species adds another form to the genus Os-

tracion, the shapes enumerated in the ‘ Régne Animal’ being trian-

gular with or without spines, quadrangular with or without spines,—

Nos. XCVIII., XCIX., & C.—ProcreEpinGs oF THE Zoo. Soc.

and compressed with a keeled belly and scattered spines. In /ent#-

cularis we have a compressed form with a keeled back and belly and

no spines. The compressed Ostracions with scattered spines have been

characterized by Mr. Gray as a subgeneric group, under the name

of Aracana, and several Van Diemen’s Land species were lately de-

scribed to the Society by the author of the present paper. The Aracana

Reevesii (Gray) from China differs from the Van Diemen’s Land

species in having the back slightly keeled, and thus forms a transi-

tion to the form of /enticularis, in which the sides are convex, the:

back and belly acute, and the profile elliptical. Lenticularis, though

unarmed, exhibits an analogy to the armed Aracane, in the umbones

of the reticulated surface being largest where the spines would be

situated, did they exist. The species is Australian, and the author

expresses his obligations to Dr. Andrew Smith, of Fort Pitt, for the

loan of two specimens of different ages.

3. ANGUILLA AUSTRALIS. Van Diemen’s Land Eel.

ANGUILLA AUSTRALIS, mawilld inferiore longiore, pinnd dorsi supra

anum incipienti, rictu magno.

This is a Port Arthur freshwater species, for which the author

expresses himself indebted to Mr. Lempriére. It differs from the

common freshwater eels of Europe in the more posterior origin of

the dorsal, as well as in the more anterior position of the vent. The

pectorals are lanceolate, the vertical fins are but moderately high,

and the gape extends to the posterior margin of the orbit.

4. Narcrnz Tasmantensis, dorso dipterygio, corpore late obovato ;

valvuld nasali obtuse trilobatd integerrimd ; pinnd ventrali disco

pectorali approvimatd. g

‘The author having but recently had an opportunity of consulting

Henle’s Monograph of the genus Narcine, takes this opportunity of

supplying a specific character of the Van Diemen’s Land species,

which was formerly described to the Society (Zool. Proceed. for

March 1840, p. 29), but which could not be distinctively character-

ized from his want of knowledge of the other species.

A paper by W. J. Broderip, Esq., in which the author proceeds

with his descriptions of Mr. Cuming’s shells, was next read.

Heurx cryprica. Hel. testd tumidd, subumbilicatd, subglobosd,

anfractibus 3 subcorrugatis (ultimo long? maximo, obscure fascia-

to), lineis incrementi creberrime obliqué substriatis, purpureo-

brunned, epidermide sordid? brunned ; apertura subelongato-auri-

culiformi, intus subargenteo-carulescente, subiridescente ; labit

limbo rubro-brunneo, haud patulo, reflexo.

Long. 1£; lat. 22 poll.

Hab. ad Catbalonga Insule Samar sub foliis desiccatis.

Mr. Cuming found this Heliz hidden under the decayed leaves of

trees. The inside of the mouth has that silvery iridescence which

may be observed in the tendon of a muscle in some of the mammife-

rous animals, and through it may be seen the purple-brown colour

of the shell, which thus puts on a subcerulescent appearance.

Hexix vatirans? Hel. testdé subtumidd, subcomplanatd, purpureo-

rubra, anfractibus 3 lineis incrementi creberrimé striatis (ultimo

longissimé maximo), epidermide sordide albente ; aperturd maxima

e brunneo subalbido-iridescente, labio patulo, reflexo, rubente, albi-

do interne limbato.

Long. 13; lat. 23 poll.

Hab. ad Gindulman Insulz Bohol sub foliis desiccatis.

At first sight, this Helix, which was also found by Mr. Cuming

under decayed leaves, looks a good deal like H. cryptica; but ona

nearer inspection not only will a difference in form almost inde-

seribable be observed, but also in the texture of the shell, which is

without corrugations. The mouth too is much wider and broader,

and the reflected lip much more patulous. The silvery iridescence

of the mouth extends but a short distance within the aperture, but

the polish is continued far in. Still it may only be a variety of H.

cryptica.

Hewix cretata. Hel. testd subglobosd, tumidd, anfractibus 3 (ul-

timo longé maximo, fasciis et linets nigricantibus cincto), lineis in-

crementi creberrime oblique striatis et lineis elevatis cinctis, brun-

neo-nigricante, epidermide cretaced ; aperturd argenteo-subceru-

led, labii limbo obscure rubente.

Hab. ad 'Tannauan Insule Leyte foliis arborum herens.

Mr. Cuming has shown me a young shell which he brought from

the mountains of Tanhay in the Isle of Negros, where it was taken

on the leaves of trees. I thought at first that it might be the young

of Helix Harfordii, but the sculpture of the shell and the quality of

the epidermis correspond so closely with those of the adult shell

just described, that though there is some difficulty arising from the

capture of the two shells in different islands, I am inclined to be of

opinion that it is probably the young of Helix cretata.

Hexrx Pan. Hel. testd globosd, subelevatd, umbilicatd, zonatd, an-

Sractibus 4 (ultimo maximo) lineis incrementi minutissime oblique

striatis ; columelld albidd, aperturd subrotundd, ceruleo-albente,

labii limbo angusto, subreflexo.

Long. 12; lat. 14, variat ad infinitum.

Var. a. Albens brunneo et nigro pulcherrimé fasciata.

Of the whitish class of variety (a) there are variations without

end, according as the bands are more or less present or absent. In

some the whitish epidermis is only relieved by a brown sutural line

and a deep submedial band on the body-whorl, which is more or less

interrupted and ribanded with white and light brown towards the

base.

Var. 6. Brunnea albido et nigricante concinné fasciata.

The same may be said of this section, which varies as much as var.

a. This imperfect description was drawn from six of each class ;

but at least treble the number of each would be requisite to give a

correct idea of the infinite variations of this beautiful species.

March 23, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A collection of birds from Newfoundland, presented by E. Moore,

Esq., was exhibited: it consists of specimens, in different states of

plumage, of the Willow Ptarmigan (Tetrao Saliceti), a specimen of

the Pin-tailed Duck (Dajila caudacuta), the American Teal (Querque-

dula Americana), and the Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus). 'The

collection also contains a foetal Esquimaux preserved in spirit.

A paper by G. B. Sowerby, Esq., was read, in which the author

proceeds with his descriptions of the new species of shells collected

by H. Cuming, Esq., in the Philippine Islands. The following

species were described and exhibited :—

Hewix matrvuewis. Hel. testd depressiusculo-subglobosd, tenuius-

culd, levi, castaned, epidermide opacd, pallescente, hydrophand

indutd ; spird subdepressd, anfractibus quatuor subrotundatis, ul-

timo maximo, ventricoso ; suturdé distincté ; aperturd subtrape-

zoidali, extiis rotundatd, intits sinum prope columellam efformante,

labio externo reflexo rotundato, fusco ; columella latiusculd, declivi,

anticé oblique subtruncatd.

Long. 1*1; lat. 1°6 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum propé Cagayan, Provinciz Misamis, In-

sule Mindanao, Philippinarum.

Obs. Variat interdim spirdé minus depressd.

Of this species there are two varieties in form and several in

colouring. ‘The variety with a rather more than usually elevated

spire very closely resembles some of the varieties of Helix Roissyana ;

still it may be distinguished from that species by the much greater

declivity of the columella, and its broader and less rounded outer

lip. In the general arrangement of the colouring all the varieties

are somewhat similar, particularly in the dark chestnut colour of the

apex, which is continuous down the anterior part of the following

volutions ; the upper part of the second and third volutions are

lighter ; the columella is dark brown, and there is always a very

light band surrounding it, which when covered with its epidermis is

light yellow-brown, but when deprived of it is white; this is sur-

rounded by a very dark brown band. The following are the varieties

in colour, viz.

a. Shell with a dark brown band at the periphery and another

antesutural dark brown band; epidermis with a very pale band at

the circumference.

6. Shell coloured precisely like a.: epidermis with a very dark

band at the circumference.

c. Shell with the spire more elevated; last volutions very dark brown,

with a white antesutural and another white band at the circumference.

Hevix seticer. Hel. testé suborbiculari, tenui, brunned, spiré le-

vatiusculd, anfractibus senis, rotundatis, angustioribus ; apertura

semilunari, labio externo, tenuissimo ; epidermide setigerd, setis

regulariter coordinatis.

Long. 1:; lat. 1:2 poll.

Hab. in ligno putrido propé St. Jaun, Provinciz Cagayan, Insul

Lug¢on.

Shell dark brown, with a yellowish band in front of the periphery,

and a broad band of the same surrounding the columella, which is

small and white and deeply placed.

Hewix verutina. Hel. testd suborbiculari, subdepressd, tenui,

pallide brunned, epidermide velutino indutd, anticé levi, nitidd ;

spira depressd, anfractibus quinque, rotundatis ; aperturd semi-

lunari, posticé rotundato-subtruncatd ; labio externo tenui 3 colu-

melld parva, profundd.

Long. 0°7; lat. 1-2 poll.

Hab. in arboribus putridis ad Insulam Guimaras, Philippinarum.

Close-set short hairs, covering the whole of the upper part of the

shell and part of the lower, give it a velvety appearance and soft-

ness. ‘Two varieties of this species have occurred, one of smaller

size and paler colour at the Isle of Negros, and the other like the

last with two brown bands at Mount Isarog.

Hevix srevivens. Hel. testd suborbiculari, subdepressd, tenuius-

culd, pallidé brunned, lined brunned superné circumdatd ; spird sub-

planulatd, anfractibus quatuor, superné subplanulatis, ad periphe-

riam rotundato-subangulatis, infra rotundatis ; apertura semiluna-

ri, posticé depressd, labio externo albo, rotundato-reflexo, anticé,

propé columellam unidentato, dente brevi, obtuso, albo ; umbilico

parvo, labio columellari partim obtecto.

Long. 0°5; lat. 0°8 poll.

Hab. at Puerto-Galero.

The epidermis of this species has numerous close-set, very short

hairs, which renders it rather rough to the touch.

Hexix gummata. 4el. testé suborbiculari, conico-subdepressd,

crassiusculd, superné decussatim striatd, infra levi, nitidd, striis

incrementi soliim insculptd ; spird conico-subdepressd, anfractibus

senis, rotundatis, angustioribus, epidermide corneo, nitido, superneé

indutis ; aperturd semilunari, labio externo tenui, propé columel-

lam subincrassato ; columella profundd.

Long. 0°8; lat. 1°3 poll.

Hab. in ligno putrido prope Nuevam Insule Lucon, Philippinarum.

The upper or posterior part of this shell is covered with a thin

horny epidermis, which gives it the appearance of having had a coat

of varnish or gum spread over it, whence the name. In colour its

upper surface is dark brown, the circumference light yellowish

brown, then a band of the same colour as the upper surface, and then

the lower or anterior part is of the same colour as the circumference.

A variety occurs which is smaller and darker coloured, at the same

time its brown band in front of the circumference is much broader.

Heuix spu#rica. Hel. testd spheroidali, crassiusculd, flava,

lined spirali nigro-fuscescente circumdatd ; haud nitente, spird ob-

tusd, anfractibus quatuor ventricosis, ultimo maximo ; aperturd

subcirculari, labio eaterno crasso, reflexo, albo, margine nigro ;

columelld latd, crassa, albé margine nigricante.

Long. 0°9; lat. 1:0 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum propé St. Esteven Provinciz Ilocos me-

ridionalis Insule Lucgon, Philippinarum.

Five varieties of this very brilliant species have occurred to Mr.

Cuming; viz.

a. Bright yellow with a narrow white band close to the suture

in front.

6. Pale brownish yellow: in other respects the same as a.

c. Bright yellow with a narrow white band close to the suture in

front and a broad brown band at the circumference.

d. Same as a, only having in addition pale brown irregular lon-

gitudinal stripes on the last volution.

e. Same as a, only having in addition bright brown irregular

longitudinal stripes on the last volution ; found on the leaves of the

Pandanus in the mountains of the Igorro in the north part of Lucon.

Hexrx (Carocotna) semicranosa. Hel. testd suborbiculari co-

nico-subdepressd, superné granulosd, subtis levi, nitidd ; spird

conico-subdepressd, anfractibus senis, rotundatis, ad marginem ca-

rinatis ; labio externo tenui, acuto, prope columellam crassiusculo ;

umbilico minimo. :

Hab. ad Insulam Luban dictam, Philippinarum.

The margin of the last volution immediately in front of the keel is

slightly crenulated, and of a dark brown colour: the remainder of

the shell is of an uniform yellow-brown colour.

April 13, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following paper, on some new genera of Birds, by Hugh E.

Strickland, Esq., was read.

«Tt is not without some unwillingness that I venture to point

out some new generic groups of birds, because I am of opinion that

the process of naming and defining new genera has been in many

cases carried too far already. The class of birds probably does not

contain more than 6000 species, and these have already been dis-

tributed into upwards of 1000 genera, and I think therefore there

can be no doubt that systematic ornithologists are now fast approach-

ing the point beyond which it will not be expedient to carry the

subdivision of the older groups into new genera. For we must not

lose sight of the fact, that expediency or practical convenience does

form an element in the construction even of a natural system. In

such a system the materials which constitute any group must be na-

turally allied, and they must be placed in such order as will best

show their natural affinities, and yet the number of nominal genera

into which such a group is to be divided may be a question of mere

expediency. For the species, which are the only rea/ ingredients in

a family or subfamily, often pass from one form of structure to an-

other without any hiatus, so that it becomes a mere matter of opinion

whether the so-called genera into which they are to be classed shall

be many or few. Nature draws no line by which the rank or ex-

tent of genera can be determined. As a general rule, varieties of

form are considered to constitute genera, and varieties of colour,

species; but this criterion is far from infallible, for we very rarely

find two species, however closely allied, possessing precisely the

same form and proportions, so that if every difference of structure

be held to be generic, we shall end in having as many genera as

there are species. Take, for instance, the two very natural groups

Corvus and Parus, as now restricted; it will be found on examina-

tion that there are marked differences of both structure and habits

which characterize almost every one of the species. It is plain then

that we have in general no other guide in the definition of new ge-

nera than a mere opinion as to the amount of structural variation

which is considered to authorize their adoption, and I think there

can be no doubt that in many of the genera recently established in

ornithology, the standard has been reduced too low; in other words,

these genera are based on diversities of structure of so little value as

to be practically inconvenient. All genera profess to be of equal

rank, and we should therefore aim at making them as nearly so as

possible, and at the same time not inconveniently numerous.

No. XCIX.—Procesepines or THE ZootoGicaL Society.

“ Granting, however, that many of the existing genera of birds are

based on insufficient characters, and may require to be reincorporated

with the groups from which they have been divided, it is equally

certain that other groups exist in our cabinets, whose characters, as

yet undefined, are so marked, as to demand in fairness, and with the

view of producing equality of rank, to be defined and named as ge-

nera. A few of these groups I now bring forward, illustrated by

specimens from my own cabinet, and the meeting will be able to

judge how far the structures here exhibited appear to authorize

generic distinction.

“T also take this opportunity of exhibiting a specimen of that rare

bird the Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (Licht.), afterwards named Xeno-

phasia platyrhyncha by Mr. Swainson. This bird has the tail of

Dendrocolaptes and the general form of Xenops, while the beak is

altogether anomalous, being compressed at the sides and depressed

at the apex.”

Fam. SyLviaD2.

Subfam. Maturinz.

Genus SrHEena@acvs*, n. g.

< Motacilla, Gm., < Malurus, Sw., < Sphenura, Licht.

Diff. Char.—Beak much compressed ; tail cuneate.

Rostrum mediocre, compressum, ad basin elevatum, culmine sub-

recto, juxta apicem deorsum, gonyde pariter sursum curvato, to-

mio maxillari emarginato, commissura leviter deflexd. Nares

oblonge, membrana supra tect. Vibrissz nullz.

Ale breves rotundate, remigibus 44, 54, 64, 74, zequalibus, primam

duplo excedentibus.

Cauda longiuscula, maximé cuneata, rectricibus strictis, acutis, sub-

decompositis, intermediis exteriores tripld superantibus.

Pedes fortes, tarsis longiusculis, acrotarsiis scutellatis, paratarsiis

integris, digitis lateralibus eequalibus.

Ungues modicé curvati, acuti.

Ptilosis rigida, pennis subdecompositis.

Habitat in Africa.

Species unica, S. Africanus (Gm.), Levaill. Ois. d’Af., pl. 112. f. 2.

(Sphenura tibicen, Licht.)

Fam. MuscicaPipz.

Subfam. Fiuviconinz.

Genus Copurusf, n. g.

< Platyrhynchus, Spix, < Muscipeta, Cuv.

Diff. Char.—The two medial rectrices greatly prolonged.

Rostrum triangulare (desuper spectanti) paulo longius quam latum,

* Sov, a wedge; oiaz, a helm.

+ Kwzn, an oar ; ova, the tail.

modicé depressum. Culmen rotundatus, ad basin lenté, versus

apicem citits decurvans. Nares ovate, patule. Tomia maxillaria

modicé emarginata. Commissura leniter decurvata, gonys leniter

ascendens. Vibrisse rictales mediocres.

Ale longiuscule, remige prima breviore, 24, 34, 44, fere zqualibus.

Cauda mediocris, quadrata, nisi quod maris rectrices duz intermediz

graciles spathuliformes reliquas magis duplo excedunt.

Tarsi mediocres, acrotarsiis paratarsiisque scutellatis. Digitus ex-

ternus interno longior, ad basin paulo cum intermedio coadunatus.

Ungues longiusculi, satis curvati, acuti, graciles.

Habitat in America Meridionali.

Species unica, C. filicaudus (Spix), Av. Braz. v. 2. pl. 14. (Mus-

cicapa leucocilla, Hahn.)

Obs. This bird bears much resemblance to Pzpra in the colours of

its plumage and in the elongate rectrices, as Mr. Swainson has re-

marked (Classif. Birds, v. ii. p.90). The depressed beak, however,

rounded culmen, shorter tarsus, and slender claws, sufficiently prove

its true place to be among the Flycatchers, near Alectrurus.

Fam. Piprip# ?

Subfam. ParDALOTINE ?

Genus PrionocuHiLvus*, n. g.

=< Pardalotus, Temm.

Diff. Char.— Margins of the beak minutely serrated.

Rostrum longiusculum, subcompressum, mandibulis subzqualibus ;

culmine subcarinato, juxta basin recto, deinde usque ad apicem

gradatim decurvato; commissura modice decurvata; gonyde sur-

sum curvata. Maxilla haud emarginata, sed tomia mandibule

utriusque per medietatem externam minutissimé serrata. Nares

oblonge, membrana supra tectze.

Ale mediocres, remige 14 spuria, 34, 44, et 54 subzequalibus.

Cauda brevis, rectricibus zqualibus.

Pedes subbreves, gressorii, acrotarsiis subscutellatis, paratarsiis in-

tegris. Digitus externus interiore longior, ad medium per longi-

tudinis dimidium coadunatus.

Habitant in Malasia.

Species: 1. P. percussus (Temm.), Pl. Col. 394.f.2. 2.P. thora-

cicus (Temm.), Pl. Col. 600. f. 1, 2. 3. P. maculatus (Temm.), Pl.

Col. 600. f. 3.

Obs. The nearest affinity of this group is Calyptomena, Raff., to

which it approaches in the structure of the beak and feet much more

nearly than to Pardalotus. The serrations of the tomia appear not

to have been hitherto noticed.

* TIpiwy, a saw; xetAos, a lip.

Fam. Laniap#?

Subfam.

Genus Airuiors*, n. g.

Diff. Char.— Beak subconical, slightly emarginate, dilated at the base.

Rostrum subconicum, subelongatum. Maxilla ad basin paulo dila-

tata, juxta apicem compressa, leviter emarginata, apice paulo de-

orsum curvato, tomiis inflexis. Culmen subcarinatus, gradatim

& basi ad apicem decurvatus. Nares ovate. Commissura leviter

decurvata, gonys ascendens.

Ale mediocres, rotundate, remige 14 spurid, 34, 44, et 54 subzequalibus.

Cauda breviuscula, rotundata.

Tarsi breves, acrotarsiis scutellatis, paratarsiis integris. Digiti me-

diocres, medius tarsum equans, postico longior; externus inter-

num paulo superans. Ungues breviusculi, modicé curvati, ad la-

tera sulcati. -

Habitat in Africa occidentali. Species unica.

ETHIOPS CANICAPILLUS. 4th. vertice, cervice, dorsoque canescente-

cinereis, verticis lateribus, uropygioque canescente-albidis. Fronte,

genis, guld, partibusque inferioribus omnibus nigerrimis. Ale

nigra, tectricibus minoribus omnibus, majoribusque dorso proximis

macula subapicali rotundata albé. Cauda unicolor nigra, tectrici-

bus superioribus nigrescente-plumbeis. Rostrum pedesque nigri.

Long. tot. 5 poll. Rostrum ad rictum 7} lin., ad frontem 6 lin.,

latum 34 lin., altum 3 lin. Ala 2 poll. 8 lin. Rectrices medii 1 poll.

11 lin., externi 1 poll. 7 lin. Tarsus 8 lin. Digitus intermedius cum

ungue 8 lin., externus 6 lin., internus 54 lin., posticus 6 lin.

Hab. in insula Fernando Po. Mus. meo.

Obs. This singular generic form is very difficult to classify. The

beak is somewhat similar in form to that of a Tanager, but its other

characters and the African habitat forbid such a collocation. ‘The

beak also exhibits some resemblance to that of Artamus, but the

shortness of the wings makes a marked contrast to that genus.

Fam. FrINGILLIDA.

Subfam. Tanacrina.

Genus SrerHanoruorvsf, n. g.

< Tanagra, Tem., < Pyrrhula, Vieill.

Diff. Char.—Beak very short, tumid, of equal height and length.

Rostrum breve, subconicum, mandibulis subzqualibus, intumidis ;

culmine gradatim deorsum, gonyde sursum incurvatis; commis-

sura subrecta, leviter deorsum curvati; maxilla juxta apicem ob-

soletissimé emarginataé. Nares subrotunde.

* Aldi op, a negro, in reference to the colour and habitat.

+ 2régavos, a crown; ¢épw, to bear.

Ale mediocres, rotundate, remigibus 34, 44 (hac longissima) et

5t4 feré eequalibus.

Cauda mediocris, rectricibus subzqualibus.

Pedes mediocres, acrotarsiis scutellatis, paratarsiis integris. Digitus

externus interiorem paulo excedens. Ungues mediocres, leviter

curvati.

Ptilosis czrulescens, nitore sericeo. Vertex colore igneo insignis.

Habitat in America meridionali.

Species unica, S. ceruleus (Vieill.), (T. diadema, Temm.), Pl. Col.

243.

Obs. The beak is more tumid and the under mandible more de-

veloped in this well-marked type than in any other of the Tanagrine,

and it has hence been referred to the genus Pyrrhula. The mar-

ginal notch, however, together with the blue and silky plumage, and

the geographical distribution, sufficiently prove the true place of this

bird to be among the anagers, and in the vicinity of Tanagra, Lin.

(restr.), and Calospiza, Gray (Aglaia, Sw.).

Fam. Picip#.

Subfam. CeLEInz.

The genus Brachylophus, as defined by Mr. Swainson, includes

three very distinct groups: first, the Green Woodpeckers, which had

previously been named Gecinus by Boié; secondly, the crimson-

winged species, miniatus, puniceus, and mentalis, to which I propose

to restrict Swainson’s name Brachylophus; and thirdly, the short-

thumbed Woodpeckers, which are here characterized.

Genus BracHyPTERNUS"*, n. g.

= Picus, Linn., < Brachylophus, Sw.

Diff. Char.—Hind toe and claw very short, almost obsolete.

Rostrum longitudine caput equans, apice obtusé securiformi, culmine

paulatim decurvato, acie laterali nulla, commissura rectissima, go-

nyde paulo ascendente.

Ale mediocres, remige 14 subspuria, 44, 52 (hac omnium longissima)

et 64 subzequalibus.

Cauda mediocris.

Tarsus mediocris. Digitus intermedius ac versatilis tarsum equipa-

rantes, posticus cum ungue brevissimus, propemodum obsoletus.

Ptilosis : dorsum aleeque aurantia aut rubra, facies et partes inferiores

albido nigroque variegate.

Habitant in India, Malasia.

Species: 1. B. aurantius (Linn.), (P. bengalensis, Gm. ; P. nuchalis,

Wagl.; B. hemipodius, Sw.). 2. B. goensis (Gm.), (P. peralaimus,

Wagl.). 3. B. philippinarum (Lath.), (B. palalacca, Wagl.). 4. B.

Wael (Wagl.). 5. B. erythronotus (Vieill.), (P. neglectus,

vagl.).

* Boay?ds, short; wrépva, a heel.

Fam. CHARADRIADZ.

Subfam. CHARADRIANZ.

The group of Plovers affords an instance in addition to those fur-

nished by the genera Ceyz, Alcyone, Jacamaralcyon, Tiga, Tridactylia,

Halodroma, and others, that the presence or absence of the hind-toe

in birds becomes, under certain circumstances, a character of very

small value in the natural arrangement. The fact seems to be, that

when in any group the hind-toe becomes so slightly developed as to

be unable to perform those functions of prehension or of progression

which are its usual duties, the transition from the abortive state of

this organ to its total disappearance becomes very unimportant. In

the group of the Plovers too much weight has hitherto been attached

to the presence or absence of the hind-toe; it has been made the

groundwork of divisions into families and subfamilies, whereas the

utmost value that can justly be assigned to it amounts only to that

of a generic character. This is proved by the fact that the absence

of the hind-toe is not coincident with the other and more extensive

changes of structure in the group, so that it becomes indicative of

analogy rather than of affinity, as the following table of the genera of

Charadriane will show :—

A. Acrotarsia reticulate, wings pointed, plumage spotted.

a bree-t9ed*.) <a yia ae saat Charadrius.

Four-toed of ie. sya cued Squatarola.

B. Acrotarsia reticulate, wings pointed, plumage black, white, and

grey, in large masses.

Three-toed .... Hudromias. Hiaticula.

C. Acrotarsia scutate, wings rounded, plumage black, white, and

grey, in large masses.

I. Face unwattled.

a. wing-spine short,

Three-toed. . Philomachus, Mcehr. P. coronatus (Gm.).

(Hoplopterus, Bon.) b. wing-spine long,

P. spinosus (Linn.).

a. wing-spine short,

V. cristatus (Linn.).

b. wing-spine long,

V. cayennensis (Gm.).

Four-toed .. Vanellus, 'Temm.

II. Face wattled.

Three-toed ......... Sarciophorus, mihi.

Four-toed ...... ‘.... Lobivanellus, mihi.

The last two groups which have hitherto been united, the one

with Charadrius, the other with Vanellus, are now for the first time

defined.

Genus SarciorHorus’*, n. g.

=< Charadrius, Gm.

Diff. Char.—Three-toed, lores watiled.

* Sapkiov, a caruncle; pépw, to bear.

Rostrum ut in Charadriis.

Membrana loris affixa, nuda, erecta, in anticum protensa.

Ale elongate, caudam vix superantes, remigibus tribus primariis

subeequalibus. Spina pollicaris brevis, obtusa.

Cauda modice longitudinis, rectricibus zequalibus.

Pedes elongati, graciles, tridactyli, acrotarsiis scutellatis.

Habitant in Africa, Asia, Australia.

Species: 1. S. pileatus (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 834. 2. S. tricolor (Vieill.),

(Charadrius pectoralis, Wagl.). 3. S. bilobus (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 880.

Genus LosivaneLLus*, n. g.

< Parra, Gm., < Tringa, Lath., < Charadrius, Wagl., < Va-

nellus, Cuv.

Diff. Char.—Four-toed, lores wattled.

Rostrum ut in Charadriis.

Membrana loris affixa, nuda, erecta, in anticum protensa.

Ale elongate, caudam vix superantes, remigibus tribus primariis

subequalibus. Spina pollicaris valida, acuta. Cauda modice

longitudinis, rectricibus zequalibus.

Pedes elongati, graciles, tetradactyli, acrotarsiis scutellatis.

Habitant in Africd, Asia, Australia (America ?).

Species: 1. L. goensis (Gm.), Pl. Enl. 807. 2. L. gallinaceus

(Wagl.), Jard. Ill. Orn. ser. 1. pl. 84. 3. L. Judovicianus (Gm.), Pl.

Enl. 835. 4. LZ. senegalus (Linn.), Pl. Enl. 362. 5. L. albicapillus

(Vieill.), Sw. W. Af. v. ii. pl. 27. 6. L. tricolor (Horsf.), (Ch.

macropterus, Wagl.). 7. L. dominica (Gm.), (Ch. brissonii, Wag].).

8. L. albiceps (Gould), Proc. Zool. Soe. pt. ii. p. 45. 9. L. cucul-

latus, (Temm.), Pl. Col. 505.

The Secretary called the attention of the members to a new spe-

cies of Monkey, allied to the green Cercopitheci, living at the So-

ciety’s Menagerie.

The Monkeys allied to Cercopithecus sabeus, observes Mr. Ogilby,

are now so numerous, that they may be considered to form a sub-

genus of themselves, at least for all the practical purposes of de-

scriptive zoology. Four species have been already distinguished

by M. Frederic Cuvier, C. sabeus, faunus, griseus, and pygarythrus.

Colonel Sykes has described a fifth, C. albogularis, though it is cer-

tainly less closely allied to the others than they are among them-

selves; and there is now a fifth living in the Gardens. This species

is most nearly related to C. sabeus and pygarythrus, between which

it is intermediate in many of its characters. It may be described

as follows :—

CERCOPITHECUS TANTALUS. Cerc. supra saturate flavo-viridis, in

artus cinerescens, subtus stramineus ; facie subnigrd, circa ocu-

los lividd ; auriculis palmisque fuscis ; caudd fuscd ; apice caude,

mystacibus et perineo flavis ; tenid frontali albd.

Head, back and sides a mixture of yellowish brown and green, of

* Lobus, a caruncle; vanellus, a Lapwing.

the same intense shade as that which prevails on the upper parts of

the allied species, C. sabeus and pygarythrus; outer surface of the

limbs of a clearer ashy grey colour; whiskers, throat, breast, belly,

and inside of the limbs yellowish white ; tail brown at the root, light

grey at the tip; backs of the hands and feet light grey ; face covered

with very short hairs, black on the nose and cheeks, livid flesh-colour

round the eyes, and light brown on the lips; eyebrows black, sur-

mounted by a broad white fillet which passes across the forehead ;

nose very prominent and narrow between the eyes, but flatter and

broader towards the extremity ; ears and palms of the hands brown ;

scrotum surrounded by yellowish hairs; size and form of C. sabeus,

but with a rounder head and shorter face.

The specimen here described was procured at Liverpool, but its

previous origin is unknown.

A paper, in which Mr. Broderip proceeds with his descriptions of

Mr. Cuming’s shells, was next read.

Heuix Rervir. Hel. testd ovato-subpyramidali, anfractibus 5 ven-

tricosis, lineis incrementi creberrimé oblique striatis, ultimo maz-

imo, ceteris duplo longiori, apice subplano, umbilico vir apparente,

columella robust@ basi subsinuatd, labii limbo reflexo, apertura

ceruleo-alba.

Long. 3; lat. 23 poll.

Var. a. Rubro-brunnea, epidermide ex albo brunnescente obtecta, fas-

ciis latis nigricantibus insignis.

Var. b. Lineis fasciisque nigricantibus numerosis cincta.

Hab. ad Luchban in Tayabas insule Luzon.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

Var. c. Tota rubro-brunnea anfractu basali nigrescente.

Hab. ad Tayabas insule Luzon.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

This fine Heliz, named, at the request of Mr. Cuming, after Mr.

Reeve, an assiduous collector, was found by the former at the lo-

calities above mentioned, adhering to the leaves of trees. The

ground-colour is reddish brown, deepening on the body-whorl to rich,

dark plum-colour, approaching to black. A brownish white epider-

mis covers the two first varieties, with the exception of certain inter-

vals, through which the ground-colour is exposed in the form of

lines and bands. Thus in var. a. three small cinctures of brown lines

appear towards the upper part, and a broad brown band at the lower

part of the fourth whorl. At the upper part of the body-whorl are

two hair-like dark lines, and the middle and lower part of it is belted

with four bold, broad, nearly black bands. In var. b. the body-

whorl is belted and filleted with more numerous lines and bands, but

none of the latter are so broad as they are in var. a. In all the va-

rieties the peritreme and reflected lip are of a rich plum-colour, and

the inside of the aperture is bluish white. The pattern resides in

the epidermis, and, when the shell is plunged into water, disappears.

Buuinus Onyx, Bul. testa subpupiformi, umbilicatd, lineis incre-

menti obliquis creberrime substriatd, anfractibus 7,"ultimo maximo ;

anfractibus 4 primis sordide albis, quinto et sexto, castaneis, ultimo

superne castaneo, basi albo, labii reflext margine lato et columella

nigricantibus, apertura albd.

Long. 23; lat. 1) poll.

Hab. ad Calanang insulz Luzon.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

The above description is taken from a shell deprived of its epi-

dermis, and I have only seen one with the epidermis on, and that one

isnotin good condition. The epidermis is dirty white. On the an-

terior part of the fourth whorl a band of longitudinal brown dashes,

occurring at regular intervals, extends far upon the whorl from near

the suture. A similar band skirts the anterior part of the body-

whorl, which is belted with two whitish bands, the uppermost rather

below the middle, and is greenish at the base. Upon plunging the

shell into water the upper epidermis disappears, and exposes the

ground-colour ; but the greenish epidermis remains unchanged. ‘The

aperture of the shell almost looks as if it had been curtailed arti-

ficially, so suddenly does it terminate.

Buuinus Auperti. Bul. testé pyramidali, anfractibus sex, lineis

incrementi obliquis creberrime striatd, anfractu ultimo ceteros vir

e@quante, apice acuto, rubro-brunneo, basi viridi ; columella subsi-

nuata et labii reflexi margine nigricantibus ; aperturd alba.

Long. 26; lat. 19 poll.

Var. a. Strigis angulatis albidis et nigricantibus concinne marmorata ;

anfractu basali fasciis 2 subalbidis cincto.

Hab. ad montem Isarog insule Luzon.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

Var. 6. Obscurior ; anfractu quinto albido superne unifasciato, an-

Sractu basali albido trifasciato. |

Hab. ad Calanang insule Luzon.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

This species, the most elegant of all the Bulint which I have yet

seen, is named in honour of His Royal Highness Prince Albert.

The form and rich but elegant colouring of the shell combine to make

it very beautiful. The pattern, as in the two last species, resides in

the epidermis, and, when the shell is plunged into water, disappears ;

but the green at the base remains unchanged, as in the last species.

Mr. Cuming found var. a. on the leaves of trees in the woods at

the foot of Mount Isarog, in the province of South Camarines, at

the south-east end of Luzon. It was very rare, for Mr. Cuming,

after a search of many days, could only procure six specimens.

Var. 6. was found in dense woods, also on the leaves of trees, in

the province of the Laguna, at Calanang, in that island.—W. J. B.

April 27, 1841.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

The exhibition was resumed of the new species of Shells collected

by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands, and the following de-

scription of new species, by W. J. Broderip, Esq., were read.

Hexix (Carocotza) Recina. Car. testa hyalind, prasind, lineis

incrementi oblique striata, lineolis transversis creberrimé decussata

suberectd, antice compressa ; anfractibus 3, ultimo latissimo, acuto,

suturam versus concinne celato ; apertura infra angulata ; labit

margine subexpanso, acuto.

Long. #; lat. 12 poll.

Hab. ad Sibongam Insule Zebu foliis arborum heerens, rarissima.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

This rare Carocolla excels in beauty and delicacy all the land-

shells that I have yet seen. Green is by no means a common colour

in the testaceous mollusca generally; but in the pulmoniferous tes-

taceans it is comparatively rare, and, in the cases where it occurs,

generally resides in the epidermis, or forms a part of the pattern.

But this elegant species, of a delicate transparent green, somewhat

between the colour of an emerald and a chrysoprase, is more like a

gem than a shell. It does not lie flat like most of the Carocolle,

but when placed with its aperture downwards, stands at a high

angle. A light-coloured line marks the suture and the edge of the

body-whorl, while the expansion of the lip (which expansion termi-

nates at the angle of the aperture) is of a glassy clearness. On the

under part of the shell, especially, the striz formed by the lines of

growth are crossed by other delicate and very frequent transverse

lineations.

Var. a. Anfractus basalis angulo brunneo lineatus.

The animal of both varieties is grayish white.

Hab. ad Puerto Galero insuiz Mindoro foliis arborum herens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

Hexix (Carocotza) papyracea. Car. testa albo-flavescente, dia-

phand, lineis incrementi oblique creberrimé striata; columella

crassd, excavatd, lata et elongata ; labii limbo vix expanso.

Long. $3; lat. 1 poll.

Though this Carocolla may at first sight be taken for a variety of

Car. Regine—and such was my original impression—a nearer inspec- —

tion will detect the distinction between the shells. The spire in

Car. papyracea is more elevated, and the shell stands at a higher

angle; the expansion of the lip is not so wide, and it is not termi-

nated at about half the distance from the outer edge to the columella

(as it is in Car. Regine), but continues until it forms a slight angle

below the columella. In Car. papyracea the edge of the expanded

lip is the lowest part of the shell, whereas in Car. Regine the white

continuous edge of the columellar lip is placed above a green por-

tion of the base of the volution, which is prominent below it; the

columella is also quite different; and these distinctions cannot be

attributed to difference of age, for the most complete specimens of

each which have furnished the comparison are full-grown.

Hab. ad Puerto Galero in insula Mindoro foliis arborum herens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

Hexrx (Carocotza) Dryorre. Car. testdé subdiaphand, subpy-

ramidali, lineis incrementi creberrimé striata et striis transversis

levibus frequentissimé decussatd ; anfractibus 4, ultimo maximo

acuto, ex albido virescente ; apice, labii limbo, et umbilico nigro-

castaneis ; apertura auriculiformi, intis iridescente.

Long. 3; lat. 1 poll.

Hab. ad St. Juan in provincia Cagayan insule Luzon, foliis arbo-

rum heerens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

The sculpture of this species resembles that of Car. Regine, but

there the similitude ends. The termination of the aperture is below

the line of the body-whorl. The shell consequently rests more on

its base: it is much more opaque than Car. Regine, and has no

angle at the aperture, the inside of which has the iridescence of

mother of pearl. ‘The sharp edge of the body-whorl is light yellow.

Var. a. Planior albido- et luteo-virescens ; anfractu basali maculis

albidis obscuris guttato; basi flavescente ; labii limbo ex albido

flavescente.

Hab. ad insulam Bureas, foliis arborum parvorum heerens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

In this variety, which is much flatter, the sharp edge of the body-

whorl is whitish.

Hexix (Carocotta) Lister1. Car. testd complanatd, umbilicatd ;

anfractibus 4, lineis incrementi creberrimé striatis, ultimo maximo

acuto ; albido-fuscd maculis brunneis guttatd, et brunneo uni-fas-

ciatd; peritremate deorsim flexo auriculari, albido ; labit uni-

dentati margine acuto, antice lanceolato.

Long. 2; lat. 14 poll.

Hab. ad Albay insule Luzon, truncis arborum herens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

Mr. Cuming had named this species Car. Gallina; but as it is

designated as Car. Listeri on the boards of the British Museum, and

.as Lister appears to have been the first who figured it, but appa-

rently from an imperfect shell, the latter name is retained.

In colour and in the direction of the form and shape of the aperture

it bears much resemblance to Helix auriculata, figured by Mr. Swain-

son (Zoological Illustrations, 1st series) from aspecimen formerly in

the cabinet of Mr. C. Dubois, afterwards in mine, and now in the

British Museum; but in H. auriculata the whorls are comparatively

rounded, and the body-whorl is quite round instead of having a sharp

edge. H. auriculata is besides, in many individuals, dimpled with

small depressions. These differences may be sufficient in the present

state of our knowledge to constitute specific distinction ; but whether

they are in reality strong enough to form such a separation, may

well be doubted. My present impression is, that H. awriculata and

H. Listeri are identical; but I shall return to this subject when I

have examined the whole of the cognate series in Mr. Cuming’s

collection.

Hexrx (Carocouta) Parmuna. Car. testé valde complanatd, um-

bilicatd ; anfractibus 4, lineis incrementi striatis, ultimo maximo,

acuto ; fusca, lined brunned suturam juxta albam fasciata, margine

anfractiis ultimi acuto, albo ; peritremate deorsiim flexo auriculart ;

labii antic? sublanceolati subalbidi margine subreflexo.

Long. 2; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. ad Argao insule Zebu, arborum excelsorum truncis herens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

This is a delicate though not showy species.

Var. a. Elevatior, obscure albens fascid suturali et centrali fuscis

ornata.

Hab. ad insulam Negros, truncis arborum heerens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

Hexix (Carocota) Siquisorensis. Car. testd subcomplanata

anfractibus 4, lineis incrementi creberrime striata ; ultimo maximo,

acuto ; labii subreflexi limbo superiore haud deorsum depresso ;

Suscd, epidermide cinerascente cooperta.

Long. 4; lat. 16 poll.

Hab. ad radices arborum et arbusculorum in insula Siquijor.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

The ash-coloured epidermis which covers this species, upon im-

mersion in water, disappears, to reappear when it is dry. When it

is wet the dark brown ground-colour is exposed. The shell varies

to a lighter whitish-brown hue. The sutural line is darker than the

general colour, and the lower surface of the expanded edge of the lip

is dark brown and shining in each variety. The termination of the

upper edge of the lip is on the same line with the edge of the body-

whorl.

Hetix (Carocorta) Tuersires. Car. testd subcomplanatd, gibbd,

tenuissimd, hyalind, diaphand ; anfractibus 4, lineis incrementt cre-

berrime striatis, ultimo antic? acuto, postice subitd rotundato, gibbo ;

aperiurd magna ; labii antic? reflexi limbo subreflexo, flavescente ;

anfractibus suturam versus et medio castaneo-fasciatis ; nucleo

castaneo.

Long. $; 12 poll.

Hab. ad Calopan in insula Mindoro, foliis arborum heerens.

Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.

The deformed appearance of this species arises from the flattened

and sharp edge of the body-whorl suddenly becoming rounded at

about half way. The colouring is pretty, the chestnut bands show-

ing to advantage on the transparent amber-colour of the shell. ‘The

young shell has no gibbosity.

Var. a. Subdiaphana, fascia latissima nigro-castaned ornata.

Hab. cum precedente.

This variety is more opake, and the broad, blackish, chestnut band

extends from the suture half-way down the whorls. The base of

the shell is broadly bifasciated with the same dark colours, the nar-

rowest band being nearest to the outside edge. The termination of

the lip in this species is on the same line with the body-whorl.—

W.J.B.

The next paper read was by G. B. Sowerby, Esq. This also con-

sists of descriptions of Mr. Cuming’s new species of shells.

Heurx movesta. Hel. testé acuminato-subovali, tenui, albicante,

fasciis spiralibus badiis modesté ornatd ; spird acuminatiusculd,

apice obtuso ; anfractibus 44 subrotundatis, levibus, lineis incre-

menti tenerrime insculptis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso ; suturd di-

stinctd ; aperture margine externo rotundato, interno superne an-

Fractu penultimo modificato ; columellari recto, angulum efformante ;

peristomate paululiim reflexo, badio ; columella recta, albd, subin-

erassata.

Long. 1:1; lat. 0°8 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum, propé Catanauan provincize Tayabas

insule Luzon, Philippinarum.

An extremely rare species, rather remarkable among its gay asso-

ciates of the Philippine Islands for its unpretending modesty of co-

louring, as well as for its neqt contour.

Heix pyramipauis. Hel. testa oblongo-pyramidali, brunned, cras-

siusculd ; apice obtuso, saturatiore ; fascia suturali nigro-brunned

nonnunguam ornatd ; spird acuminata ; anfractibus 54, leviter ro-

tundatis, levibus, lineis incrementi tenerrimé insculptis, ultimo ma-

Jjori, rotundato ; aperture margine externo rotundato, interno su-

perne anfractu penultimo modificato ; columellari recto, angulum

efformante ; peristomate reflexo, subincrassato, brunneo ; columella

rectd, crassiusculd, alba.

Long. 1°5; lat. 0.8 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum, ad insulam Cuyo, Philippinarum.

This species most nearly resembles our Helix incompta, but may

be easily distinguished by its proportions, the number of volutions,

and its longer, more pyramidal spire.

Hewix acuminata. Hel. testd acuminato-pyramidali, brunned,

nigra, crassiusculd ; apice obtusiusculo, pallidiore, spird acuminato ;

anfractibus 5, planulatis, levibus, nitidis, lineis incrementi tenerri-

me insculptis, ultimo majori, mediane subangulato ; apertura antice

subeffusd ; peristomate externo subincrassato, refleco, brunnescente-

nigro ; columella albdé, subincrassatd, subdeclivi.

Long. 1°3; lat. 0°8 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum ad insulam Cuyo, Philippinarum.

Two specimens only of this species have been found ; it somewhat

resembles the last, but may be known from that by its more acumi-

nated shorter spire, and by the sides of the volutions being nearly

straight, and not rounded. Remains of an opake hydrophanous epi-

dermis are to be seen on both the specimens.

Heuix ostones. Hel. testd oblongd, subcylindricd, tenui, brunned,

obscurd, subrugosd ; anfractibus senis, latis, ventricosis, ultimo ma-

jori; suturd distinctd ; aperturd subovali, postice anfractu ultimo

modificato ; peristomate amplo, subincrassato, reflexo ; columella

albd, subincrassatd, rectiusculd ; umbilico mediocri.

Long. 1°5; lat. 0°75 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum, ad insulam Luban, Philippinarum.

Somewhat like H. Oomorpha, but distinguished easily by its pro-

portions, by the number of its volutions, and by the nature of its pe-

ritreme.

Hexrx Fracruis. Hel. testd subglobosd, tenuissimd, levi, viri-

descente ; anfractibus tribus, raptim crescentibus, ultimo maximo,

lineis interruptis fasciisque duabus anticis albis ; aperturd magnd ;

peristomate tenui, subreflezo ; columella tenui, rectiusculd.

Long. 1°; lat. 1°15 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum, prope Tanauan ad insulam Leyte, Phi-

lippinarum.

One of the most delicate and fragile of the Helices, which in ge-

neral form somewhat resembles our common Helix aspersa; the white

interrupted lines, as well as the two white bands, consist of hydro-

phanous epidermal matter.

Hexix prunnea. Hel. testd subglobosd, crassiusculd, levi, obscura,

brunned, albido nigroque fasciatd ; spird brevi, obtusd ; anfractibus

quatuor, subrotundatis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso ; aperturd late

semilunari ; peristomate nigro, subexpanso, crassiusculo, reflexo ;

labio columellari lato, albo ; columelld declivi, incrassato, albo.

Long. 1°3; lat. 1°7 poll.

Hab. supra folia arborum, prope Puerto Galero ad insulam Min-

doro dictam, Philippinarum.

Usually of a rich brown colour, the circumference having a black

band posteriorly, and a whitish band anteriorly, in front of which

there are several whitish and brown bands alternately: the circum-

ference of the columellar lip is nearly black.

May 11, 1841.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

Mr. Gould read his paper upon the Menura or Lyre-bird (Menura

superba) of Australia. This bird, like the Brush Turkey (Talegalla

Lathami, Gould), has been classed by ornithologists in various groups,

but perhaps most generally it has been regarded as one of the Galli-

naceous order. Mr. Gould’s observations, however, all tend to prove

that it ought to be arranged among the Insessores, and is most

nearly allied to certain South American genera of Ground Thrushes,

such as Pteroptochos, Scytalopus, &c.

The Menura is a terrestrial bird, and but rarely takes to the wing.

When pursued it generally escapes by running into the thick brush-

wood: it is so extremely shy, the author observes, that of all the

birds he ever met with the Lyre-bird is by far the most difficult to

procure.

Whilst among the brushes he has been surrounded by these birds,

pouring forth their loud and liquid calls, for days together without

being able to get a sight of them, and it was only by the most de-

termined perseverance and extreme caution that he was enabled to

effect this desirable object, which was rendered the more difficult by

their often frequenting the almost inaccessible and precipitous sides

of gullies and ravines. Its food appears to consist principally of in-

sects, especially those of the Coleopterous order, and Centipedes.

Mr. Gould also found the remains of shells of snails in the gizzard,

which he remarks is strong and muscular. The nest is placed either

on the ledge of a projecting rock, at the base of a tree, or on the

top of a stump, but always near the ground.

The natives state that the eggs are two in number, and of a light

colour, freckled with red.

No. C.—Procrrpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL Society.

May 25, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Society’s Corresponding Member, J.

M‘Clelland, Esq. It states that several Birds and Quadrupeds had

been forwarded from India for the Society’s Menagerie, and likewise

that Mr. M‘Clelland had sent a collection of the rarer Indian fresh-

water fishes for the Museum.

Some notes, from Sir Robert Heron, Bart., were next read. These

notes relate to the breeding of Gold-fishes in the author’s menagerie.

Sir R. Heron observes, that about two out of five of the specimens

hatched are deficient of the dorsal fin, and about two in a hundred,

or rather more, have a triple tail-fin, and as many have the anal fin

double. All the deformed fishes are separated from the others and

placed in a pond by themselves, but they do not produce a greater

proportion of deformed offspring than the perfect fishes.

The following paper, by George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., entitled

“ Observations on the Blood-corpuscles of the order Fer@,” was then

read.

“It appears to me that a systematic and comprehensive set of ob-

servations is yet wanting on the blood-corpuscles of the different

orders of the class Mammalia, for the subject is interesting in con-

nexion with physiological questions now perpetually arising, and

which may be expected to multiply as inquiries in minute anatomy

are extended.

“In the order Fere the result of my observations will show that

the size of the blood-discs has a general relation to the different

families. Although some exceptions may appear, these will probably

fall into order as our knowledge of the subject becomes more com-

plete ; and it must be recollected that zoologists differ as to the exact

affinities of a few of the animals in question.

“In the Insectivora the size of the corpuscles is considerably

smaller than in the Plantigrada. The corpuscles of this latter fa-

mily are very uniform in size, and, as far as I have at present ob-

served, larger than those of the other species of the Fer@, with the

exceptions afforded by the genera Canis, Lycaon, Hyena, Lutra, and

Phoca. The corpuscles of the common species of the two latter, and

of the Dog, are the largest I have yet found in the order. The most

minute corpuscles of the Fere were also found in the family Carni-

vora. In the Viverride and Felide the corpuscles appear to be very

small, as compared with those of the Phocide and Canide; and in

the genera Paradoxurus and Herpestes the corpuscles are, for the

most part, remarkably so, especially in the Paradovurus Bondar*, in

* In the Menagerie of the Zoological Society this animal is called Para-

which animal they only slightly exceed those of the Goat in size, as

noticed in the ‘ Proceedings of the Society,’ Nov. 24, 1840. Among

the Cats there is a great resemblance of the corpuscles, which are

only just appreciably larger in the Lion, Tiger, Chetah, and Leopard,

than in the domestic Cat, so that it would require a nice observation

to detect any difference. In the Serval and Norway Lynx the cor-

puscles, obtained after death from the heart, appeared to be fully as

large as those of any other species of the genus; the corpuscles of

the Ocelot and Persian Lynx presenting the smallest size. But as

the blood was obtained from the two last species during life, the ob-

servations were not quite satisfactory for comparison, as the corpus-

cles soon undergo changes after death*, and are very liable to certain

alterations quickly after being abstracted even from the living ani-

malt. In the Dog they were uniformly found to be slightly larger

than in the Fox and some other congenerous species; and in the

Striped and Spotted Hyznas the corpuscles closely resemble those

of the genus Canis, and are therefore distinctly larger than in the

Viverride and Felide, with both of which the Hyzna has been as-

sociated. The corpuscles of the Bassaris approximate pretty nearly

to those of the Urside.

“On the whole then, although there is considerable diversity in

the magnitude of the red particles of the order, there is generally a

well-marked relation between these and the different families. Thus

the blood-corpuscles of the Plantigrada may he immediately distin-

guished from those of the Viverride. Adopting Mr. Waterhouse’s

subdivisions of the Carnivora, they would stand as follows, if set

down in the order of the size of their blood-discs :—Seals, Dogs,

Bears, Weasels, Cats, Viverras. The difference in size is generally

quite distinct between the corpuscles of the first two and last two

tribes, the discs of the Weasels forming the connecting link, and

closely approximating to those of the Cats. The corpuscles of the

Otter, however, are much larger than any I have yet seen of the

rest of the Mustelide, and in fact agree very nearly in size with the

corpuscles of the Seals and Dogs.

«It has been stated, that in the Carnivora the corpuscles are inter-

mediate in size to those of the omnivorous species and of the strictly

vegetable feeders—smaller in the Carnivora, for example, than in

Man and the Quadrumana, but larger than in the Ruminantia; and

the same assertion has been extended to the Marsupiata, especially

that the red particles of the Perameles, which derives its nourish-

ment from the greatest number of organized substances, are larger

than the particles either of the carnivorous Dasyure or of the herbi-

vorous Kangaroo.

“« This opinion is not supported by numerous measurements given

by me in the ‘ Philosophical Magazine’ for January, February, March

doxurus Typus, but I have been assured that it is the P. Bondar of authors ;

it is the same species as that designated P. 7'ypus in the Phil. Mag. for Jan.

1840, p. 28.

* See Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag. for March 1840, p, 195.

+ Ibid, Nov. 1840, p. 325.

and August, 1840. In one of the Ruminants indeed the corpuscles

are singularly minute, but in another granivorous animal they are as

singularly large; and they are larger in several of the Ruminants

than in some of the Carnivora. Among the marsupial animals, al-

though the corpuscles of the Perameles slightly exceed those of the

Viverrine Dasyure in size, yet in the Ursine Dasyure the corpuscles

are larger than in either, and just as large too as those of Bennett’s

Kangaroo.”

An abstract of the measurements of the blood-corpuscles of the

order Fere is subjoined.

Measurements of the Blood-corpuscles of the order Fere.

The measurements are all expressed in fractions of an English

inch, and, for the sake of brevity, the average-sized corpuscles only

are mentioned, as deduced from numerous observations in each spe-

cles.

Tiscxcusaradnae Canis aureus, Linn. .... 1°3860

Talpa Europea, Linn... 1°4747 mesomelas, Schr pee

Sorex tetragonurus, Herm.1°4571 Lupus, Linn. .... 1°3

Lycaon tricolor, Brookes. 1°3801

Hyena vulgaris, Desm.. 1°3735

crocuta, Linn. ...-. 1°382U0

Herpestes griseus, Desm. 1°4662

Javanicus? ...... 1°4790

ErinaceusEuropeus, Linn. 1°4085

PLANTIGRADA.

Meles vulgaris, Desm... 1°3940

Ursus maritimus, Linn. . 1°3870

reves, Lane eee aioe Smithii, Gray..... 1°4466

rae Americanus, P allas. 1°3693 | Wiverra Civetta, Linn... 14274

ferox; Lewes tigrina, Schreb.... 1°5365

labiatus, DeBlainy-1°3728 | Felis Leo, Link. ...... 1-4322

Procyon lotor, Cuv..... 1°3950 concolor, Linn. .. 1°4465

Nasua fusca, Desm..... 1°3789 Tigris, Linn...... 1:4206

a ee Beds Leopardus, Linn... 14319

Basaris astuta, Licht. .. 1°4033 jubata, Linn. .... 1°4220

Carnivora. pardalis, Linn..... 1°4616

Paradoxurus binotatus.. 1°4660

leucomystax, Gray 1°4236

Bondar sss one leo

domestica, Brisson. 1°4404

Caracal, Gmelin .. 1°4684

cervaria, Temm. .. 1°4220

Canis familiaris, Linn. .. 1°3542 Serval, Linn. .... 1°4129

Dingo, Blum. .... 1°3397 | Galictis vittata, Beil.... 1°4175

Vulpes, Linn. .... 14117 | Mustela Zorilla, Desm... 1-4270

fulvus, Desm. .... 1°3920 furo, Linn. ...... 1°4134

argentatus, Desm.. 1°3888 | Lutra vulgaris, Hre/. .. 1°3502

lagopus, Linn... .. 1°3888 | Phoca vitulina, Linn. .. 1°3281

The next paper read was from W. J. Broderip, Esq., in which the

author resumes his descriptions of Mr. Cuming’s shells.

Hexrx (Carocorza) Vireo. Car. testa subcomplanato-globosa,

nitidd, subdiaphand, lineis incrementi obliquis creberrimé striata,

suturis et anfractiés basalis angulo subelevatis subcrenatis, vir

umbilicata ; apertura auriculato-angulaté ; labii limbo subreflexo.

Var. a. Alba, labii limbo purpureo-brunneo. Long. 3; lat. 14 poll.

Var. b. Tota alba.

Hab. ad insulam Zebu, foliis arborum heerens.

Legit H. Cuming.

The entirely white variety of this delicate shell (which has the ap-

pearance of being framed of the purest wax overlaid with a glassy

transparent enamel) is rather smaller than var. a. The animal in

both varieties is of a light bluish green, so that when it is with-

drawn into the transparent shell it produces a strong resemblance

to Carocolla Reginea ; and indeed, when Mr. Cuming first saw them,

he for a moment thought that he had found large specimens of that

lovely shell; but when the animal was taken out, the delusion va-

nished.

Hexix (Caroconza) DEALBATA. Car. testdé sordidé albd, subfla-

vescente, subdiaphand, subglobosd, lineis incrementi obliquis creber-

rime substriatd, vir subumbilicatd ; pee auriculatd, magna ;

labii limbo vix substriato. Long. +9; lat. 14 poll.

Hab. in insula Siquijor, foliis arbusculorum heerenis.

Legit H. Cuming.

The dim and sordid white of nes species is enriched when the

greyish white animal is withdrawn into the shell.

Hexix (Carocouza) Purnia. Car. testd globosd, diaphand, lineis

incrementi obliquis creberrime substriatd ; aperturd auriculato-ro- -

tundata ; labii limbo subreflexo.

Hab. in insula Camiguing, foliis arbusculorum adherens.

Var. a. Alba, anfractu basali lined brunned subcentrali cincta.

Var. b. Tota alba.

Legit H. Cuming.

The colour of the animal is dark greyish white.

Hewix (Carocorza) Rota. Car. testd complanatd, rotundatd,

subdiaphand, umbilicatd, superne lineis elevatis, acutis, infra lineis

elevatis haud acutis, concentricis, regularibus corrugatd, flave-

scente ; anfractibus superné medio bilineatis, anfractus basalis infra

unilineati angulo acuto, dentato, unilineato ; lineis castaneis ; aper-

turd (a ia peritrematis unidentati limbo subexpanso albo.

Long. %; lat. 1 poll.

Hab. in insula Siquijor, arborum truncis herens.

Legit H. Cuming.

The animal of this elegantly worked Carocolla is yellowish, some-

what like the ground-colour of the shell, which is exquisitely scul-

ptured after the manner of engine-turned trinkets. Above, the ele-

vated concentric lines are sharp, and the shell on that side has some-

what the appearance of a flattened Scalaria: beneath, the elevated

lines are rounded, and radiate very regularly from the open umbili-

cus. The chestnut line that borders the sharp dentated edge of the

angle of the body-whorl is, beneath, interrupted with white bead-

like elevations. All the four chestnut lines of the body-whorl can

be seen through the shell when it is placed with the lower side up-

permost,

Hexrx (Carocotta) Zesuensis. Car. testa complanato-convera,

solidd, subumbilicatd, purpurascente ; lineis incrementi obliquis

creberrim® striatd ; suturis acutis subelevatis ; anfractis basalis

angulo acuto ; aperturé caruleo-alba, acuto-auriculari ; labii limbo

nigro-castaneo, subexpanso, subacuto ; epidermide fusca, subcrassa.

Long. 3; lat. 14 poll.

Hab. ad Dalaguete in insula Zebu, foliis arborum herens.

Var. a. Albido-fusca nigro-castaneo interrupte lineata et maculata.

In this variety the edge of the whorls above the suture is consi-

derably elevated with a gutter or furrow on the upper side. The

brown interrupted lineations take the form of bands running in the

directions of the whorls, and the lower side of the body-whorl is

marked immediately under the edge of the angle with a circle of

large, well-defined, tessellated spots, which reach to the edge of the

angle of the whorl.

Var. b. Fusca anfractibus suturam juxta obscure maculatis.

In this variety the angle of the whorl next to the body-whorl is

elevated, but there is no gutter above.

Var. c. Albescens, suturis et anfractés basalis angulo nigro-castaneo

maculatis, infra nigro-castaneo creberrime teniata.

In this variety there is no elevation of the suture; the broad tes-

sellated band near the angle of the body-whorl below, and the in-

terrupted spotted and lineated bands which ornament the lower side

of the shell, are neatly and prettily disposed.

Var. d. Fusco-albescens rubro-brunneo oblique strigata.

In this variety the edge of the penultimate whorl is elevated, and

has a slight gutter on the upper side. The shell beneath is ob-

scurely lineated in the direction of the whorl, and the red-brown

dashes radiate from the angle of the whorl to the interrupted linea-

tions which gird it. On the upper side the bold oblique stripes of

the same colour completely cross the whorls.

Var. e. Tota fusca.

In this variety the angle of the upper whorls is very much ele-

vated.

The ground-colour of all these varieties is a purple or red-brown,

and the pattern of the variegated specimens-resides in the epidermis,

or rather is produced by the intermixture of the ground-colour of the

shell and of the epidermis. Thus, if any of the variegated varieties

be immersed in water, the pattern vanishes as long as the shell re-

mains wet; when it is dry, the pattern is restored. If, for instance,

var. a. and var. e. be immersed, the general colour becomes identi-

eal, and the dark interrupted lineations of the former can hardly be

traced. The absence or presence of the elevation of the edge of the

upper whorls, in the different varieties of this species, shows that such

a conformation cannot be trusted as a specific character. The animal

is a dark purplish brown.—W. J. B.

Mr. Yarrell exhibited a British example of the Motacilla alba of

Linneus, which had been shot at Kingsbury. ‘Two pairs of this

species of Wagtail were seen by Mr. Bond near the reservoir in the

early part of the present month, and, although they were very shy,

that gentleman, who furnished Mr. Yarrell with the specimen ex-

hibited, succeeded in shooting three of them, two males and one

female.

M. Leonard read a paper on the intelligence of animals, which he

illustrated by means of two pointer dogs which he had trained for

the purpose.

To show that these animals possessed the power of comparison, he

placed different objects upon the ground, such as a glove, a roll of

paper, a small box, &c., and having kept similar objects himself, he

showed them one after another to either of the dogs, and desired the

animal to fetch that which was like it from the ground. The dogs

performed this task correctly, and all others which they were desired.

Cards, with numbers from 1 to 9 painted upon them, were placed

upon the ground, and the dogs fetched any particular number they

were bidden: a number brought, M. Leonard ordered the dog to

take back again and exchange for another number, and at the same

time to deposit it in the place of that number. The dogs also se-

lected a card of a particular colour, when desired, from among many

of different colours. Pieces of bread were placed on the ground, and

in placing them, their master called them by the names of different

numbers in an irregular manner, and afterwards ordered the dogs to

fetch the piece of bread he had called a certain number. These and

various other experiments (some with pieces of meat) were all per-

formed correctly, and tended to show the great intelligence of the

animals and the control which their master had obtained over them.

The dogs were named Phylax and Braque, and either dog, upon his

name being called, performed the task he was ordered; but one of

them appeared to be more quick than the other.

S ; idea i

4 Hits ig ee aa

abo + don *nto i

rl we natin sy) patton:

Pye tm bt daa We

He Ss sb)

nie Pea adie (nhaeigy

June 8, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following paper, ‘On the Blood-corpuscles of Marsupial

Animals,” by George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., was read.

«« As far as I have had an opportunity of observing, the blood-cor-

puscles of marsupial animals possess the common circular form, and,

compared with the red particles of other Mammals, are of rather

large size, being nearly allied in this respect to the corpuscles of

Man and the Quadrumana, and slightly thicker than the corpuscles

of the Quadrumana and those of the human subject.

“Tt is remarkable that the corpuscles of two carnivorous Marsupiata

should differ as much in size as the corpuscles of any other two

species of the order. This fact, however, would appear to be not

altogether devoid of interest, for the corpuscles of different families

of the placental Carnivora also exhibit great diversity of magnitude,

as may he seen by reference to the ‘ Observations on the Blood-

corpuscles of the Order Fera,’ in the Proceedings of the Zoological

Society, May 25, 1841. Now the corpuscles of the Ursine Dasyure

are of large size, like those of the Canide, and the corpuscles of the

Viverrine Dasyure are considerably smaller, like those of the Felide

and Viverride. Hence it would be interesting to inquire whether

the blood-corpuscles of the different tribes of marsupial animals do

not generally present the same characters as the corpuscles of the

corresponding types of the placental series. But the few observa-

tions which I have been able to make on the blood of the former

order are by no means sufficient to admit of generalization. It may

be noticed, however, that the corpuscles of an insectivorous species,

the Perameles, are nearly as small as those of the Viverrine Dasyure,

and that the corpuscles of the Wombat are of much larger size.

«< The measurements which I have made, as opportunities occurred,

of the blood-discs of the Marsupiata are here for the first time re-

vised, arranged together, and extended by some new observations.

The averages, which I had not previously estimated, are also now

given; these are set down at the bottom, beneath the lines; the

two measurements immediately above the latter indicate the sizes

of the large and the small corpuscles, and all the other numbers were

obtained from the common-sized discs. As usual, the measurements

are all given in fractions of an English inch.

« Measurements of the Blood-corpuscles of Marsupial Animals.

« 1, Virginian Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana, Temm.).

1°3600 Z

13530 ( Common sizes.

1:4570 small size. Thickness of discs.

1-2900 large size. 1:12,000

1:3557 Average.

Nos. Cl. & CII.—Procrrpines oF THE ZooL. Soc.

“2, Viverrine Dasyure ( Dasyurus viverrinus, Geoff.}.

1:4000

1°4800

1°3555

Average.. 1°4056

“<3. Ursine Dasyure (Dasyurus ursinus, Geoff.):

1-3600

1°3428 Thickness:

1°4365 1°12,000

1-3000 1°10,0090

Average.. 1°3534 1°10,910

“4. Rabbit Perameles (Perameles Lagotis, Reid).

1°4572

1:4000

1°3428

1-4800

1°3200

Average.. 1°3902

“5, Bennett's Kangaroo (Macropus Bennettii, Waterh.):

1-3600

1°3432

1°4000

1°3200

Average.. 1°3535

“6. A small Kangaroo (Halmaturus Derbyanus ? Gray).

1°3554

1°3432

1-3200 Thickness.

1-4000 1:12,000

1°3000 110,000

Average.. 1°3405 1°10,910

“7. Vulpine Phalanger “8. Minute Phalanger

(Phalangista vulpina, Desm. ). (Phalangista nana, Geoft.}.

1°3600 1-4000

- 1:3530 1-3760

1-5000 1:3554

1-2900 1:6000

1-3000

Average... 1°3617 Se

Average... 1°3856

“9, Squirrel Flying Opossum “10. Wombat

(Petaurista sciureus, Geoff.). (Phascolomys Wombat, Per. et

Lesu.).

1°3600 1°3600

1°4800 1°3500

1-3000 1:3200

en ee 1°3048

Avetage.. 1°3661 1°5333

1/2900

Average .. 13456.”

The next paper read was by G. B. Sowerby, Jun., Esq., and is

entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of eight new species of the genus Ranella,”

in the collection of Mr. Cuming.

1. RANELLA vexitLuM, Conch. Illustr., f. 3. R. testd ovali, ven-

tricosd, subacuminatd, pallide brunned, transverse striatd, fasciis

rufescentibus elevatis noduliferis cinctd; varicibus irregulari-

bus, decumbentibus, latis ; aperturd magna albd, intis griseo fas-

ciatd, postice viv canaliferd, antice in canalem brevem rectum,

latum terminante ; labio interno sublevi decumbente, dentibus la-

vibus paululiim incrassato ; labio externo subexpanso, leviter undu-

lato, dentibus fere obsoletis intis incrassato.

Long. 3°40; lat. 2 poll.

Hab. ad (Chiloe) Conception.

Mr. Cuming collected specimens at rocky places from three to six

fathoms deep. The outer lip is more expanded, and the knotted

brown bands are narrower and more numerous than in R. argus.

2. Ranewya cruentata, Conch. Illustr., f.5,5*. R. testd sub-

quadratd, rugulosd albd vel pallide fulvd, rubro-maculatd, inter

varices ad angulum anfractuum tuberculis magnis tribus, in medio

- tribus minoribus ; varicibus elevatis, utrinque foveolatis ; aper-

turd paululim angustatd, extremitatibus validissimé canaliferis ;

labio interno decumbente, dentibus acutis instructo, maculis san-

guineis 5 ad 6 in medio picto ; labio externo complanato, subdigi-

tato, intus dentibus validis instructo.

Long. 1°50; lat. 1°20 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Ticao, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

Found on coral reefs. This species is remarkable for the well-

defined spots of blood-red colour by which that part of the inner

lip which rests upon the body-whorl is ornamented. A darker va-

riety occurs, in which the spots are of a strong brown colour.

3. Ranexia nana, Conch. Illustr., f. 6. R. testd elongato-ovali,

levi, inter varices nebuloso-purpured, in medio anfractu fascid

alba cinctd, ad angulum anfractuum tuberculis acutis quatuor,

anterits tuberculis purvis ; varicibus prominentibus, antice laque-

atis, postice canalem exhibentibus; aperturd ovali, ad extremita-

tes validissimé canaliferd ; labio interno granoso ; labio externo

valde denticulato.

Long. 1°80; lat. 1-05 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Panama, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

Found in coarse sand at seven fathoms.

4. RankFLLA ALBO-FASCIATA, Conch. Illustr., f. 14. R. testd ovali,

subcompressd, granulosd, fusco-purpured, fascid albd in medio

anfractu cinctd, lineis moniliformibus numerosis et ad angulum 6

ad 7 tuberculis cinctd ; varicibus granuloso-tuberculiferis ; aper-

turd ovali, ad extremitates validissimé canaliferd ; labio interno

granoso ; labio externo valde denticulato.

Long. 1:80; lat. 1°20 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Panama, Philippinarum.

Much broader and more completely granulated than the former,

which is nearly all over smooth. In this respect our shell resembles

R. granulata, Lam., but it is neither so oval nor so compressed, the

varices are more strongly marked, and the posterior canal is more

perfect.

Found in coarse sand at 10 fathoms.

5. RaneLtta rHopostoma, Conch. Illustr., f. 10. 2. testd sub-

quadratd, rugulosd, granulatd, pallide fulvd, rufo-punctatd et

maculatd, inter varices tuberculis prominentibus tribus ad angulum,

tribus in medio anfractu ; aperturd roseo-purpured, paululim an-

gustatd, ad extremitates valde canaliferd ; labio interno granu-

loso prope canales transverse dentato, labio externo sub-expanso,

undulato, intis dentato ; varicibus granoso-tuberculatis, validis,

utrinque foveolatis.

Long. 1°15; lat. *85 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Masbate, Philippinarum.

Found on coral reefs by Mr. Cuming. It is a pretty little species

with a delicately purple aperture.

6. RANELLA suBGRANOSA, Conch. Illustr., f. 18. R. testd ovali,

subangulatd, purpureo-fuscd, brunneo-fasciatd et maculatd, trans-

verse liners elevatis, moniliformibus alternantibus striatd ; ad an-

gulum anfractuum tuberculis acutis ; varicibus elevatis, utrinque

subfoveolatis, granoso-tuberculatis ; aperturd ovali, albd, intis

pallide purpured ; canali postico lato, antico subrecurvo, lato ; labio

interno tenui, postice dentato antice extanti; labio externo crenu-

lato validissime dentato, ad canalem posticum aculeato, unticé sub-

expanso.

Long. 2°85; lat. 1:70 poll.

Hab. ad sinus Manille. H. Cuming legit.

This species very nearly resembles R. elegans, Beck, Chemn. 1270,

Conch. Illustr., f. 17, of which it may perhaps be only a local va-

riety. Our shell is of a more oval shape and is more evenly granu-

lated in every part. Found in sandy mud at ten fathoms.

7. Raneiia necuecta, Conch. Illustr., f. 22. R. testd subguad-

ratd, brevi, lineis granulatis transverse striata, pallide fulvd,

fusco-maculatd ; inter varices ad angulum posticum tuberculis

tribus magnis, in medio tribus ad quatuor parvis, prope caudam

uno, et aliquando serie moniliformi tuberculorum parvorum ; vari-

cibus crassis liratim granulosis posticé foveolatis ; aperturd ovali

albd ; canali postico brevi, recto ; canali antico brevi, subrecto ;

labio interno decumbente, granulato, prope canalem posticum acuté

denticulato ; labio externo, minute denticulato, prope canales solum

reflexo.

Long. 1°60; lat. 1°15.

Hab. ad insulam Ceylon.

This shell, which is now common, differs from R. crumena in the

foliowing respects : it is shorter, the tubercles are more obtuse, the

canals are shorter and straighter, the outer lip is scarcely reflected,

and the inner lip is not raised at the caudal extremity.

8. Ranetzta rucosa, Conch. Illustr., f. 7. R. testd ventricosd,

granulosd, angulatd, pallid? fulvd, fusco-maculatd ; inter varices

ad angulum posticum tuberculis tribus obtusis, granulosis, inter

granula fusco interrupto-lineatis, in medio lined duplicatd mo-

niliformi ; caudam versis lineis quinque alternantibus monilifor-

mibus ; varicibus crassis, granoso-tuberculatis, utrinque validis-

sim? foveolatis ; canali antico tortuoso, magno ; aperturd rotun-

dato-ovali albd, canali postico sub-elongato ; labio interno tortuoso,

prope extremitates valid extanti ; labio externo reflexo, extis la-

queato, intis quinquefariam bi-denticulato, denticulis foveolato.

Long. 2°30; lat. 1°50.

Hab.

This species has not the thickness, flatness, nor the elongated,

curved, posterior canal of R. bufonia, nor are the tubercles so large.

A fine specimen of the Trogon Temnura, presented by C. Clarke,

Esq., British Consul at Cuba, was exhibited.

Mr. Yarrell laid before the Meeting the numbers eleven to twenty-

four of Mr. Audubon’s new royal octavo edition of his birds of North

America.

June 22, 1841.

Owing to the removal of the Society from Leicester Square to

Pall Mall at this time, no Meeting took place.

Rec aay nh

wit ‘Thay ee

"Pave rakes tates * Sy sey sertaat

Vso eee Fe i49 , eS sthccheaaasy,

AR EN) Eyer Ma an

Si prepay. aie drs\ininn’ 4

BY. (ouink

eat ‘ ak

PE sited: al beatin pi

. ai F

@ ae

phar. yita, t

Roser sein. ohbeiaatiie ahr

RAE cdl avin: eae ay dy acoh a:

see Fal ee News apes pe ies

anheiar Sat Ais} SAE LY i

che Sanyal thes ra

his “Sapo epNte,/

wer mye oeegian vines, a

=p) piiecia sah cgay ?

NS a ih hit ‘ hee

jut fe ve Ai *

cpio on AMIN? Agi st

tribal Fe,

theh, wae sganlac

Soe

Thiseats 53 NB ahp onoelonay al aN

dria :

July 13, 1841.

Professor Owen, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following letter, addressed to Mr. Waterhouse, from James

Brooke, Esq., was read:—

<< Singapore, 25th March, 1841.

«« My dear Sir,—I am happy to announce the departure of five

live Orang Utans by the ship Martin Luther, Captain Swan, and I

trust they will reach you alive. In case they die, I have directed

Captain Swan to put them into spirit, that you may still have an op-

portunity of seeing them. The whole of the five are from Borneo :

one large female adult from Sambas ; two, with slight cheek callosities,

from Pontiana; a small male, without any sign of callosities, from

Pontiana likewise ; and the smallest of all, a very young male with

callosities, from Sadung. I will shortly forward a fine collection of

skulls and skeletons from the north-west coast of Borneo, either

shot by myself or brought by the natives, and I beg you will do me

the favour to present the live Orangs and this collection to the

Zoological Society. I have made many inquiries and gained some

information regarding these animals, and I can, beyond a doubt,

prove the existence of two, if not three distinct species in Borneo.

«First, I will re-state the native account ; secondly, give you my

own observations ; and thirdly, enter into a brief detail of the spe-

cimens hereafter to be forwarded.

«« Ist. The natives of the north-west coast of Borneo are all po-

sitive as to the existence of two distinct species, which I formerly

gaye you by the names of the Mias Pappan and Mias Rami ; but I

have since received information from a few natives of intelligence

that there are three sorts, and what is vulgarly called the Mias

Rambi is in reality the Mias Kassar, the Rambi being a distinct and

third species. The Mias Pappan is the Simia Wurmbii of Mr. Owen,

having callosities on the sides of the face : the natives treat with de-

rision the idea of the Mias Kassar or Simia Morio being the female

of the Mias Pappan or Simia Wurmbii, and I consider the fact can

be established so clearly that I will not trouble you with their state-

ments: both Malays and Dyaks are positive that the female of the

Mias Pappan has cheek-callosities, the same as the male ; and if on

inquiry it prove to be so, the existence of three distinct species in

Borneo will be established. The existence of the Mias Rambi is

vouched by a few natives only, but they were men of intelligence

and well acquainted with the animals in the wild state. ‘They re-

present the Mias Rambi to be as tall as the Pappan, or even taller,

but not so stout, with longer hair, a smaller face, and no callosities

either on the male or female, and they always insisted that it was

not the female of the Pappan. :

“The Mias Kassar or Simia Morio is the same colour as the Mias

No. CII.—Proceepines or THE ZoOLoGicaL Society.

Pappan, but altogether smaller, and devoid of callosities either on the

male or female adults.

«« By the native statements, therefore, we find three distinct spe-

cies, viz. the Mias Pappan or Simia Wurmbii, the Mias Kassar or

Simia Morio, and the Mias Rambi, which is either the Simia Abelii

or afourth species. The existence of the Sumatran Orang in Borneo

is by no means impossible, and I have already compared so many of

the native statements that I place more confidence in them than I

. did formerly, more especially as their account is in a great measure

borne out by the skulls in my possession. I had an opportunity

of seeing the Mias Pappan and the Mias Kassar in their native

woods, and killing one of the former and several of the latter species.

The distribution of these animals is worthy of notice, as they are

found both at Pontiana and Sambas in considerable numbers, and at

Sadung on the north-west coast, but are unknown in the interme-

diate country which includes the rivers of Sarawak and Samarahan.

I confess myself at a loss to account for their absence on the Sara-

wak and Samarahan rivers, which abound with fruit, and have forests

similar and contiguous to the Sadung Linga and other rivers. The

distance from Samarahan to Sadung does not exceed twenty-five

miles, and though pretty abundant on the latter, they are unknown

on the former river. From Sadung, proceeding to the northward and

eastward, they are found for about 100 miles, but beyond that distance

do not inhabit the forests. The Mias Pappan and Mias Kassar in-

habit the same woods, but I never met them on the same day; both

species, according to the natives, are equally common, but from my

own experience the Mias Kassar is the most plentiful. The Mias

Rambi is represented as unfrequent and rarely to be met with. The

Pappan is justly named Satyrus from the ugly face and disgusting

callosities. The adult male I killed was seated lazily on a tree, and

when approached only took the trouble to interpose the trunk be-

tween us, peeping at me and dodging as I dodged. I hit him on

the wrist and he was afterwards despatched. I send you his pro-

portions, enormous relative to his height, and until I came to actual

measurement my impression was that he was nearly six feet in sta-

ture. The following is an extract from my journal relating to him,

noted down directly after he was killed.

“** Great was our triumph as we gazed on the huge animal dead at

our feet, and proud were we of having shot the first Orang we had

seen, and shot him in his native woods, in a Borneo forest, hitherto

untrodden by European feet. The animal was adult, having four

incisors, two canines and ten molars in each jaw, but by his general

appearance he was not old. We were struck by the length of his

arms, the enormous neck, and the expanse of face, which altogether

gave the impression of great height, whereas it was only great power.

The hair was long, reddish and thin; the face remarkably broad and

fleshy, and on each side, in the place of a man’s whiskers, were the

callosities or rather fleshy protuberances, which I was so desirous

to see, and which were nearly two inches in thickness. The ears

were small and well-shaped, the nose quite flat, mouth prominent,

Rec Gin, ee ee =

lips thick, teeth large and discoloured, eyes small and roundish, face

and hands black, the latter being very powerful.

««* The following are the dimensions :—

Ft. In.

Height from head to heel.......... 4 ‘1

Eth oh Tdot 4. SO FIFE APE ee ae se 1 0

Peet attr ee ies ete. See en ek op ee te «yes 0 104

Length of arm from shoulder-blade to finger end.. 3 532

Sioulder-blade to elbow. fo. ee eee oe Aaa

Ripa co NWRStI eT ee Oe Daten Tt etry toe

are PREC ee ee Po yc eles mes | ae

Head to Os coccygis .. 2 54

Meracs the Shoulders HP ee yo ls tre ae 1 53

Cmoumierevde of neck Ps ee 2 4

emrsberaetmersiie eee ee es ene ess 3 34

Peiaiiderthe arms.) 2S) I Sa ee. oles © 3 0

Prom-foronend to’ ein) PY. et es ee a oe 0 92

Across the face, below the eyes, including callosities 1 1

From ear to ear across the top of head.......... O 94

From ear to ear behind the head .............. O 9%

««« The natives asserted the animal to be a small one, but I am scep-

tical of their ever attaining the growth of a tall man, though I bear

in mind that full-grown animals will probably differ as much in height

as man.’

« Some days after this, and about thirty miles distant, I was fortu-

nate enough to kill two adult females (one with her young), and a

male nearly adult, all the Mias Kassar. The young male was not

measured, owing to my having waded up to my neck in pursuit of

him, and thereby destroyed my paper and lost my measure; but he

certainly did not exceed three feet, whilst the two females were about

3ft. lin. and 3ft. 2in. in height. The male was just cutting his two

posterior molars: the colour of all resembled that of the Mias Pap-

pan, but the difference between the two animals was apparent even

to our seamen. The Kassar has no callosities either on the male or

female, whereas the young Pappans despatched by the Martin Luther

(one of them not a year old, with two first molars) show them pro-

minently. The great difference between the Kassar and the Pappan

in size would prove at once the distinction of the two species, the

Kassar being a small slight animal, by no means formidable in his

appearance, with hands and feet proportioned to the body, and they

do not approach the gigantic extremities of the Pappan either in size

or power ; and, in short, a moderately powerful man would readily

overpower one, when he would not stand the shadow of a chance

with the Pappan. Besides these decisive differences, may be men-

tioned the appearance of the face, which in the Mias Kassar is more

prominent in the lower part, and the eyes exteriorly larger, in pro-

portion to the size of the animal, than in the Pappan. ‘The colour

of the skin in the adult Pappans is black, whilst the Kassar, in his

face and hands, has the dirty colour common to the young of both

species. If further evidence was wanted, the skulls will fully prove

the distinction of species, for the skulls of two adult animals com-

pared will show a difference in size alone which must preclude all

supposition of their being one species. Mr. Owen’s remarks are,

however, so conclusive, that I need not dwell on this point ; and with

a suite of skulls, male and female, from the adult to the infant, of

the Mias Kassar, which I shall have the pleasure to forward, there

can remain, I should think, little further room for discussion. I may

mention, however, that two young animals I had in my possession

alive, one a Kassar, the other a Pappan, fully bore out these remarks

by their proportionate size. The Pappan, with two molars, showed

the callosities distinctly, and was as tall and far stouter than the

Kassar with three molars, whilst the Kassar had no vestige of the

callosities. ‘Their mode of progression likewise was different, as the

Kassar doubled his fists and dragged his hind quarters after him,

whilst the Pappen supported himself on the open hands sideways

placed on the ground, and moved one leg before the other in the

erect sitting attitude; but this was only observed in the two young

ones, and cannot be considered as certainly applicable to all.

“On the habits of the Orangs, as far as I have been able to observe

them, I may remark, that they are as dull and as slothful as can well

be conceived, and on no occasion when pursuing them did they move

so fast as to preclude my keeping pace with them easily through a

moderately clear forest ; and even when obstructions below (such as

wading up to the neck) allowed them to get away some distance,

they were sure to stop and allow us to come up. I never observed

the slightest attempt at defence, and the wood, which sometimes

rattled about our ears, was broken by their weight, and not thrown,

as some persons represent. If pushed to extremity, however, the

Pappan could not be otherwise than formidable; and one unfortunate

man, who with a party was trying to catch a large one alive, lost

two of his fingers, besides being severely bitten on the face, whilst

the animal finally beat off his pursuers and escaped. When they

wish to catch an adult they cut down a circle of trees round the one

on which he is seated, and then fell that also, and close before he

can recover himself, and endeavour to bind him.

“In a small work entitled ‘The Menageries,’ published in 1838,

there is a good account of the Bornean Orang, with a brief extract

from Mr. Owen’s valuable paper on the Simia Morio; but, after

dwelling on the lazy and apathetic disposition of the animal, it

states in the same page that they can make their way amid the

branches of the trees with surprising agility, whereas they are

the slowest and least active of all the monkey tribe, and their mo-

tions are surprisingly awkward and uncouth. The natives on the

north-west coast entertain no dread, and always represent the

Orangs as harmless and inoffensive animals; and from what I saw,

they would never attack a man unless brought to the ground. The

rude hut which they are stated to build in the trees would be more

properly called a seat or nest, for it has no roof or cover of any

sort. The facility with which they form this seat is curious, and I

shad an opportunity of seeing a wounded female weave the branches

together, and seat herself within a minute; she afterwards received

our fire without moving, and expired in her lofty abode, whence it

cost us much trouble to dislodge her. I have seen some individuals

with nails on the posterior thumbs, but generally speaking they

are devoid of them: of the five animals sent home, two have the nails

and three are devoid of them; one has the nail- well-formed, and in

the other it is merely rudimentary. The length of my letter pre-

cludes my dwelling on many particulars, which, as I have not seen

the recent publications on the subject, might be mere repetitions,

and I will only mention, as briefly as I can, the skulls of these ani-

mals in my possession. From my late sad experience I am induced

to this, that some brief record may be preserved from shipwreck.

These skulls may be divided into three distinct sorts. The first pre-

sents two ridges, one rising from each frontal bone, which joining on

the top of the head, form an elevated crest, which runs backward

to the cerebral portion of the skull.

‘«« The second variety is the Simia Morio, and nothing need be added

to Mr. Owen’s account, save that it presents no ridge whatever be-

yond the frontal part of the head. No. 9 in the “collection is the

skull of an adult male: No. 2 the male, nearly adult, killed by my-

self: Nos. 11 and 3 adult females, killed by myself: No. 12 a young

male, with three molars, killed by myself: No. 21 a young male,

died aboard, with three molars: No. 19, young male, died aboard,

with two molars. There are many other skulls of the Simia Morio

which exactly coincide with this suite, and this suite so remarkably

coincides through the different stages of age, one with another, that

no doubt can exist of the Simia Morio being a distinct species. The

different character of the skull, its small size and small teeth, put

the matter beyond doubt, and completely establish Mr. Owen’s acute

and triumphant argument, drawn from a single specimen.

“The third distinction of the skulls is, that the ridges rising from

the frontal bones do not meet, but converge towards the top of the

head, and again diverge towards the posterior portion of the skull.

These ridges are less elevated than in the first-mentioned skulls, but

the size of the adult skulls is equal, and both present specimens of

aged animals. For a long time I was inclined to think the skulls

with the double ridge were the females of the animals with the single

and more prominent ridge, but No. 1 (already described as killed by

myself) will show that the double ridge belongs to an adult, and not

young male animal, and that it belongs to the Simia Wurmbii with

the huge callosities. The distinction therefore cannot be a distinc-

tion of sex, unless we suppose the skulls with the greater develop-

ment of the single ridge to belong to the female, which is improbable

in the highest degree. The skulls with the double and less elevated

ridges belong, as proved by No. 1, to the Simia Wurmbii; and I am

of opinion the single and higher ridge must be referred to another

and distinct species, unless we can account for this difference on the

score of age. ‘This, I conceive, will be found impossible, as Nos. 7

and 20 are specimens similar to No. 1, with the double and less ele-

vated ridges decidedly old, and Nos. 4 and 5 are specimens of the

single high ridge, likewise decidedly old.

“These three characters in the skulls coincide with the native

statements of there being three distinct species in Borneo, and this

third Borneon species may probably be found to be the Simia Abelit

or Sumatran Orang. This probability is strengthened by the adult

female on her way home: her colour is dark brown, with black face

and hands; and in colour of hair, contour, and expression, she dif-

fers from the male Orangs, with the callosities, to a degree that

makes me doubt her being the female of the same species. I offer

you these remarks for fear of accident; but should the specimens,

living and dead, arrive in safety, they will give a fresh impetus to the

inquiry, and on my next return to Borneo, I shall, in all probability,

be able to set the question at rest, whether there be two or three spe-

cies in that country. Believe me, my dear Sir, with best wishes, to

remain, «« Yours very truly,

« J. Brooke.”

Mr. Charlesworth exhibited to the Meeting a collection of skins

of Mammalia and Birds, which he had obtained on the table-land of

Mexico, and which he begged to present to the Society. Among

the Mammals were adult specimens of the Bassaris astuta, Licht., of

which animal a young individual had been procured by Messrs.

Thompson and Charlesworth at Real del Monte, and forwarded, un-

der the care of the Society’s Corresponding Member, Lieut. Smith,

as a present to the Menagerie.

The Bassaris, Mr. Charlesworth observed, is known in Mexico by

the name ‘ Cacomistle’ ; it is abundant in the city itself, and indeed

Mr. Charlesworth believes it is not to be met with at a distance from

the abodes of man. Its habits are nocturnal, and it selects for its

dwelling outhouses or uninhabited buildings, whence it sallies forth

at night and commits great ravages in hen-roosts and pigeon-houses,

and on this account every attempt is made by the Mexicans to exter-

minate it. The number of young which the Bassaris produces does

not exceed three or four at a birth.

A skin of the Ascomys Mevicanus, Licht., or ‘ Tusa,’ as it is called

by the natives, was also exhibited by Mr. Charlesworth ; and he drew

attention to a curious fact in the economy of this Rodent, viz. that

the cheek-pouches with which it is provided, and which open exter-

nally, are used for the purpose of conveying the soil from its subter-

ranean retreats to the surface of the ground, where the mould is

deposited in heaps, similar in appearance to those formed by the

common Mole.

The skulls of these two animals were on the table; and Mr. Water-

house observed, that that of Bassaris astuta presented all the charac-

ters of the skulls of the Paradoruri, whilst the skull of Ascomys

Mezicanus did not appear to him to offer any characters by which it

might be distinguished (excepting as a species) from the crania of

different species of Geomys which he had examined ; and as the same

remarks would apply to the dentition, he thought it would be desi-

rable to expunge one of these genera from our catalogues.

The following paper, entitled “‘ Descriptions of several new spe-

cies of Chitones, brought by H. Cuming, Esq., from the Philippine

Islands,” by G. B. Sowerby, Esq., jun., was next read.

Cuiton Spinicer. Ch. Spiniger, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, p. 287;

Con. Illus., f. 68. Ch. testé depressd, ovato-elongatd, omnind

granulatd ; valvis reclinantibus, terminalibus rotundatis ; margine

lato, spinis sub-arcuatis numerosis instructo.

Long. 251; lat. 14 poll.

The description is here repeated, for the purpose of noticing two

remarkable varieties brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippines.

In the first variety the spines are comparatively short, and being

coated in patches by calcareous matter, give to the margin an ap-

pearance of being banded with black and white. The valves are

more rounded, and in some instances more coarsely granulated than

in the specimens originally described. | Found under stones at low

water in Cagayan, province of Misamis, island Mindinao.

In the second variety the valves are more elevated. Found under

stones at low water, in the island Siquijor.

The larger variety tends to connect the species with the variable

Ch. piceus, from which it differs in the narrowness of the valves, the

spinose margin, and the purplish flesh tint of the inside, which are

the same in all the varieties.

Cuiton atatus. Ch. testa elongatd, subdepressd, griseo-virescente,

Susco-virescente maculata ; valvis antic? coarctatis, primd et ultima

asperis; areis dorsalibus rotundatis, granoso-striatis ; margine

squamoso-granulato.

Hab. ad insulam Siquijor et Zebu.

More depressed, having the marginal granulations coarser and

the lateral areas more expanded than Ch. limaciformis.

Found under stones at low water.

Cuiton truncatus. Ch. testd ovali, minutissime asperd, rosed

aut pallide fulvd, griseo-virescente maculata, sulcis subdistantibus

leviter undatd ; areis lateralibus elevatis, expansis ; valvd posticd

conicd, antice subcomplanatd, posticé truncatd ; margine levi.

Long. 1°50; lat. -80.

Hab. ad insulam Siquijor, Philippinarum.

Differing from Ch. crenulatus, Grayi, &c., chiefly in the conical

shape and sudden termination of the last valve. The species is sub-

ject to great variations, both in the colour and in the strength of

the undulating lines. Found under stones at low water.

Var. testd sublevi.

Hab. ad insulam Samar (Catbalonga).

Cuiton incisus. Ch. testd elongata, grised, fusco-maculatd ; valvis

angustis, subdisjunctis, elongatis, longitudinaliter undato-striatis,

primd sexfariam costatd, medianis utrinque unicostatis ; areis cen-

tralibus latis, ultimd subconicd, utrinque trifariam costatd ; fis-

surd triangulari posticé incisd ; margine lato, fasciculis minutis-

simis numerosis instructo, postice inciso.

Long. 2°60; lat. 1 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Zebu (Daleguete).

It is to be regretted that no specimens of this very remarkable

species should have been preserved with the soft parts; it being

probable that the fissure in the last valve and in the posterior part

of the margin is accompanied by some anatomical peculiarity in the

animal sufficient to establish its claim to generic distinction.

Found under stones at low water.

Curron coarcratus. Ch. testd elongatd, postice coarctatd, sub-

tunicatd; valvis reniformibus, subdisjunctis, carinatis, asperis ;

carind dorsali levi ; margine levi.

Long. 1; lat. *50 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Bohol, Philippinarum.

From the peculiar shape of the valves, and the comparative small-

ness of the portion which remains uncovered, the observer would be

led to look for the small tufts of hair found in the margins of some

similarly-shaped species. All the specimens, however, have the

margins perfectly smooth.

Found under stones at low water.

July 27, 1841.

In consequence of there not being a sufficient number of Members

present to constitute a quorum, no Meeting took place.

August 10, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from the Earl of Derby was read. This letter is dated

August 7, 1841, and announces the arrival of a pair of the African

Musk Deer (Moschus aquaticus, Ogilby); one of them (a female) is

alive, and in good health, in his Lordship’s menagerie. Having two

skeletons of this animal, his Lordship has directed one of them to be

forwarded as a present to the Society.

A letter from Dr. Cox, dated Naples, March 28, 1841, was read ;

itrefers to some engravings of a deformed fcetus which this gentleman

had sent for exhibition at one of the Society’s scientific meetings.

A letter from the Society’s corresponding member Dr. Poey was

read. In this letter, which is dated Havannah, June 26, 1841, Dr.

Poey informs the Society that he has forwarded for the Menagerie a

living Raccoon, and he moreover makes some observations upon its

habits.

A letter from Edward Blyth, Esq., was next read. This letter is

addressed to the Curator, and is written by Mr. Blyth on his passage

to India; the writer relates some facts respecting various Mammals

which have been communicated to him by his fellow-travellers.

Lieut. Beagin, upon being shown some drawings of species of Gib-

bons, at once, in a figure of the Hylobates leucogenys, Ogilby, recog-

nised an animal which he had met with, and examined, in the Ma-

labar jungles. ‘ Lieut. Beagin,” observes Mr. Blyth, “has frequently

seen this species in the Malabar ghauts, generally in groups of eight

or ten, among which were brown individuals.” ‘‘ They appear to be

unknown on the Coromandel side, but extend eastward to the Neil-

gherries ; inhabiting upland jungles, chiefly at about 2000 feet above

the sea-level.”

“The same gentleman is well acquainted with the Semnopithecus

Johnii, which I observe is incidentally noticed in Harkness’s work on

the Aborigines of the Neilgherry hills, p. 61. This species is com-

mon enough in the depths of the forest, but never approaches the

houses like the Entellus.”

Mr. Blyth is also informed by Lieut. Beagin of the existence of a

true Ibex, upon the Neilgherries, with long and knotty horns, curved

backwards, and having a considerable beard, in which characters it

differs from the Himalayan Ibex. “It keeps to the loftiest and most

inaccessible crags, like the other Ibices. He has seen it repeatedly,

in troops of a dozen or more individuals, and often endeavoured to

obtain a specimen, but without success.”

“The Kemas hylocrias, Ogilby, or ‘Jungle Sheep,’ (identified

from one of my drawings,) is very generally, it appears, found in the

hilly jungles of Peninsular India, keeping to the thick cover, and

always met with solitarily, or in pairs. It is a very timid and shy

Nos. CII. & CIV.—Procrepines or tHE Zoot. Soc.

animal, and when frightened utters a bleat like that of the domestic

Sheep. Both sexes possess horns, those of the female being smaller ;

and indeed this sex is rudely figured in one of General Hardwicke’s

drawings in the British Museum, as the ‘ Warry-a-too’ of the Cha-

tagon Hills; besides which, this is probably the species indicated as

the wild Sheep of Tenasserim of Capt. Low.”

“JT shall now call your attention to some animals of North Africa,

very good descriptions of many of which, obligingly furnished to me

by Mr. Crowther (of the Queen’s 63rd regiment), I have easily re-

cognised as referring to known species; but there are several which

are certainly new to naturalists, and among them two very fine Bo-

vine animals, which the Society would do well to write about to

their correspondents in that quarter. As Mr. Crowther described to

me the Bubalis and the White Oryx, which are often designated

‘ wild cattle,’ it must not be supposed that those animals are alluded

to, as indeed is clear enough from the somewhat elaborate descrip-

tions, and from the roughly-drawn sketches of both animals, from

memory, which I enclose to assist those descriptions. These sketches

will, at any rate, give some idea of the sort of animal, and go far to

prove their distinctness from any which we are acquainted with.

“The ‘ Sherif al Wady’ (or River-chief) stands six feet and up-

wards at its elevated withers. Gencral form Bisontine; the carcass

somewhat narrow, with flakes or rolls of fat on the sides of the neck ;

the limbs fine-boned and rather long, being terminated by compa-

ratively small neat hoofs; the succentorial rather long; tail short,

with its tuft of frizzled hair not reaching to the houghs. Head, it

would seem, much like that of ordinary cattle, with small pointed ~

ears, generally borne pendent, and naked of hair internally and to-

wards the tip, which are delicate pinkish flesh-colour; eyes small

and dark; the horns thick, cylindrical, smooth till towards their

base, where they are a little rugose, and directed almost vertically

upwards from the sides of the forehead ; their colour dark, and length

about a foot and a half. The character of the coat approaches that

of Highland cattle in Britain, but is smoother toward the under

parts, with curly hair on the forehead; some pendent hair (as shown

in the drawing) from the site of the dew-lap (which latter is want-

ing), of the dark colour of the body, and a long but scanty white

tuft hanging from the prepuce, as in Fallow Deer. General colour

blackish brown, with a white belly; the centre of the hump pale

ash-colour, or even whitish, with radiating black hair surrounding —

this, four or five inches long. The cow is smaller and of a redder

colour. The individual described was brought with two others,

another male and a female, from the central region of Mount Atlas,

and was presented by the Emperor of Morocco, in the year 1834, to

the late Sir Peter Schousboe, who gave it to Mr. Crowther, in whose

possession it lived for four months at Tangiers, when it was shot. It

became tolerably tame, and its voice was a booming low, though,

when irritated, it would roar in a different tone. The flesh proved

to be rather coarse-grained, but that stripped from the sides of the

dorsal apophyses, or hump, was excellent, and had the flavour of

tongue. The skin was attempted to be preserved, but was destroyed

by the rats. It was considered to be rather a rare animal. Should

the above indications of it be confirmed, as I have no doubt they

will, I propose that the species be denominated Bos Atlantinus. It

is not improbably the Hmpolunga of Purchas.

“‘ The other wild Bovine species is much commoner, and has also

much of the Bison in its general contour. Size that of Devon cattle,

and colour red, with a flowing blackish nuchal mane; (hence this

animal is probably the Wadan of Capt. Lyon, if not also the Pacasse,

Empacasse, or Pegasus of different authors). Its horns are very long

and spreading in both sexes, but more so in the female, wherein they

are also more slender; they are cylindrical, a little rugose towards

the base, and directed out and up; head not much unlike that

of common cattle, with no curly hair on the forehead; the ears of

moderate size, and broad; and tail, with its tuft, reaching below the

hock ; the hoofs are very black, and the secondary, or succentorial,

short. There is little difference between the male and female in

general aspect, but the calf is born of a whitish colour. The voice

of this species much resembles that of common cattle, but is consi-

derably more powerful. Its beef is excellent. They are occasion-

ally seen solitarily, but more commonly in large herds, sometimes

consisting of several hundreds; at the rutting season in particular,

which is about July, they are very fierce, and apt to attack without

provocation ; they feed in the night, and by day pass much of their

time standing knee and belly deep in water, like our tame cattle in

summer ; their coat has a wavy surface. ‘This species is found about

Rabat, and near Salee, on the Barbary coast. I have heard before

of such an animal, and it appears to be tolerably common.

“* Upon questioning Mr. Crowther respecting the Bear of Mount

Atlas, which has been suspected to be the Syriacus, he knew it well,

and it proves to be a very different animal. An adult female was

inferior in size to the American Black Bear, but more robustly

formed, the face much shorter and broader, though the muzzle was

pointed, and both its toes and claws were remarkably short (for a

Bear), the latter being also particularly stout. Hair black, or rather

of a brownish black, and shaggy, about four or five inches long;

but, on the under parts, of an orange rufous colour: the muzzle

black. This individual was killed at the foot of the Tetuan moun-

tains, about twenty-five miles from that of the Atlas. It is consi-

dered a rare species in that part, and feeds on roots, acorns, and

fruits. Does not climb with facility; and is stated to be very dif-

ferent-looking from any other Bear. The skin, like that of the ‘ She-

rif al Wady,’ was attempted to be preserved, but unfortunately met

with the same fate.” .

Dr. Lhotsky then read his paper ‘ On Animal Tuition and Ani-

mal Hygiene.”

In the first part of this paper the author makes some observations

on the food of animals, and especially with reference to the quality

and quantity given to animals in menageries. He next proceeds

with remarks upon their abode, dens, cages, &c., the importance of

cleanliness, and upon their tuition.

August 24, 1841.

R. C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair.

Mr. Westwood read his paper entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of some Co-

leopterous Insects from Tropical Africa belonging to the Section

Heteromera.”

The insects comprised in this paper are of extreme rarity, and are

the giants of the family Tenebrionida, constituting the genus Chi-

roscelis and other allied groups; some of them, however, appear to

lead to Lagria in their metallic colouring, &c.

Curroscetis, Lamarck.

Sp. 1. Chiroscelis bifenestra, Lam., Ann. du Muséum, iii. p. 260.

Sp. 2. Chiroscelis digitata, Fabricius (Tenebrio d., Syst. El. i. p.

145). Considered by the author as most probably distinct from

the preceding, both in size and locality.

Sp. 3. Chiroscelis bifenestrella, W. Nigra, nitida, capite minus

rugoso, mandibulis minus dentatis, maculis duabus ventralibus 2

minutis rotundatis, margine antico pronoti haud puncto notato,

tibiis quatuor posticis fere rectis ; intermediis ad apicem magis

dilatatis.

Long. corp. vix lin. 14.

Hab. in Guinea. Mus. Westw. Commun. D. Raddon.

Sp. 4. Chiroscelis Passaloides, W. Nigra, nitida, vertice tritu-

berculato, tibiis latissimis planis, anticis serratis, posticis intus

versus apicem dente armatis.

Long. corp. lin. 193-203.

Hab. in Guinea. Mus. Westw. Commun. D. Raddon.

PriosceLis, Hope, Col, Man. iii. p. 128.

Divis. 1. Clypeus antice haud emarginatus, margine antico in medio

l-tuberculato. Mazillarum lobus internus apice corneo bifido.

Prothorax suboctogonus. Elytra ad humeros acute angulata.

Sp. 1. Prioscelis Fabricii, Hope, J.c.

Long. corp. lin. 20.

Hab. Sierra Leone. Mus. Hope.

Divis. 2. Clypeus antice emarginatus, margine antico haud tuber-

culato. Mavillarum lobus internus apice corneo integro. Pro-

thorax subquadratus magis transversus. Elytra humeris ro-

tundatis, (Iphius, De}. Cat.)

Sp. 2. Prioscelis serrata, Fabricius (Tenebrio s.).

Sp. 3. Prioscelis Raddoni, W. P. antennis brevibus articulo ultimo

quadrato ; tibiis anticis curvatis, apice dilatatis ; posticis intus

serrulatis extus ad apicem subitd dilatatis, prothorace transverso-

quadrato, punctis duobus minutis distantibus versus marginem

posticum.

Long. corp. lin. 14.

Hab. in Guinea. Mus. Westw. Commun. D. Raddon.

Sp. 4. Prioscelis crassicornis, W. P. atra glabra, antennis lon-

gioribus crassioribus femoribus omnibus ante apicem interne biden-

tatis, tibits compressis.

Long. corp. lin. 13.

Hab. in Guinea. Mus. Westw. Commun. D. Raddon.

Pycnocervus, Hope, MSS.

(PacuyLocerus, Hope, Col. Man. iii. p. 186.)

Sp. 1. P. Westermanni, Hope, 1. c. (An Ten. sulcatus, Fabri-

ctus ?)

Sp. 2. P. costatus, Silbermann (Odontopus c., Rev. Ent. Col.,

No. 4

Opontopus, Silberm.

Sp. 1. O. cupreus, Fabricius (Tenebrio cu.). O. violaceus, Sild.

var.?

Sp. 2. O. tristis, W. O. chalybeo-ater, capite et prothorace opacis,

tenuissime punctatis, hujus marginibus lateralibus crenulatis, ely-

tris subviridibus magis nitidis valde et irregulariter punctatis,

sutura lineisque tribus tenuibus longitudinalibus levibus, femoribus

simplicibus, tibiis anticis apicem versus intus dente instructis, tibiis

posticis curvatis, intus sinuatis.

Long. corp. lin. 124.

Hab. Senegallia ? ‘Mus. Westw.

Sp. 3. O cyaneus, Fabricius (Tenebrio cy.).

Sp. 4.? O. speciosus, Dejean (Pezodontus sp.).

MeErTA.LLonorvs, Gray.

Sp.1. M. denticollis, Gray, in Griff. An. K., Ins. Pl. LXXX. f. 4.

PrauceEna, Laporte, Hist. n. An. Art.

Sp. 1. Pr. rubripes, Laporte.

Sp. 2. Pr. carbonaria, Klug, in Erman’s Reise.

Sp. 3. Pr. marginata, Fabricius (Helops m.).

Various observations were added by the author relative to the

synonymy and generic position of the species above described, and

of other tropical African species described by Fabricius, Silbermann,

Laporte, &c., and long generic and specific characters were given of

the majority, accompanied by numerous illustrations of the generic

and structural details.

A skeleton of the African Musk Deer (Moschus aquaticus, Ogilby),

presented by the Earl of Derby, was exhibited. The skeleton is

that of a male animal, and its skull exhibits two well-developed ca-

nines in the upper jaw, as in other species of the genus.

September 14, 1841.

Prof. Owen, Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter was read from William Ogilby, Esq., H.B.M. Consulate,

Charleston, announcing a present from that gentleman of seven living

Water-Tortoises for the Society’s Menagerie.

A letter from R. Hill, Esq. was next read. In this letter, which

is dated Spanish Town, Jamaica, July 28, 1841, Mr. Hill relates

some interesting facts respecting the nests of the birds of Jamaica.

«« Naturalists have remarked,” observes Mr. Hill, ‘‘ that in tropical

countries there are a greater number of birds that build close nests

than in the temperate climate of Europe. In the West Indian islands,

with the exception of the Pigeon tribes and the Humming-birds, the -

nests are almost uniformly circular coverings of dried grass, varied

by intermingled cotton, moss, and feathers, with an opening from

below, or an entrance at the side. The Banana-bird weaves a

hammock of fibres, sometimes of horse-hair, deep and purse-like, and

loosely netted; the Muscicapa olivacea a hanging cot of withered

leaves, straw, moss, fibrous threads, and spiders’ webs, fitted together,

and the Mocking-bird builds in the midst of a mass of wicker-work

a neat nest of straw, lined with hair. The Woodpecker and the

Parrots take to hollow trees, but I hardly know an arboreal bird be-

side that constructs any nest that is not wholly covered or domed

over. Very many insects that are exposed to the air during their

metamorphoses weave coverings of silk and cotton, in which they lie

shrouded, at once impenetrable to moisture, and uninfluenced by the

disturbances of the atmosphere. It would seem that the object,

whatever it be, is the same in both. It is not for warmth that the

insects spin these webs, for they form their coverings of silk and

cotton in the hottest period of the year; and I find, that whilst all

our birds that build open nests breed early, those that construct

the domed and spherical ones, nestle in the season between the spring

and autumnal rains, when the air is saturated with electricity, and is

in a state of constant change.

«The destructive influence exercised by the active electricity of

the atmosphere on the eggs of birds, accords with that organic gra-

dation by which the higher embryonic animals commence vegetative

life with an organization similar to that of the lower. The success-

ive stages of development presented by the egg during incubation

exhibit the heart and great vessels constructed like those of the Ba-

trachian reptile, with reference to a bronchial circulation. In the

descending scale of organization, in animals, where the respiration

is low and the irritability high, the electric stimulus is rapidly fatal.

Fish and Crustacea perish in numbers under the influence of a thun-

der-storm (Dr. Marshal Hall on Inritability, Cyclop. Anat, and Phys.),

No. CIV.—Procrepines or tHE Zoou. Soc.

and the half-matured embryo in the egg is destroyed by the disturb-

ances which prevail during the activity of the summer lightning.

“Electricity being entirely confined to the surface of bodies, and

the quantities they are capable of receiving not following the pro-

portion of their bulk, but depending principally upon the extent of

surface over which it is spread, the exterior of bodies may be posi-

tively or negatively electric, while the interior is in a state of perfect

neutrality. Under isolation the quiescent state of the electricity

occasions no sensible change in their properties. ‘The power of re-

taining the electric fluid depending upon the shape, and the sphere

and the spheroid retaining it readily, while it escapes from a point,

or is received by a point with facility, the enveloping the eggs of

birds in dried and non-conducting materials spread entirely and

widely round is a means of steadily maintaining a uniform distri-

bution of the electricity, and with it of preserving that state of qui-

escence by which no sensible changes are communicated to the em-

bryo within. Thus at a time when the air is excessively disturbed

- by explosions of lightning and by the shocks of thunder-storms, the

business of incubation is carried on in a space completely isolated,

and the egg suffers no change of property by the varied electric ac-

tion that is prevailing in the free atmosphere around.”

Some notes on the Wild Antelope of Khaurism (Antilope Saiga,

Pall.), by Capt. James Abbott, communicated by K. E. Abbott, Esq.,

Corr. Memb., were read. The author, after giving a description of

the animal, adds, “It lives in large flocks in the steppe between the

river Oxus and the Caspian. When pursued it bounds like the An-

telope, but being much smaller and less vigorous, is ran down by

the coarse Persian Greyhound of the Turcoman and Kuzzauk. The

Turkish name is Kaigh and Soghoke.”’

Mr. Gould exhibited a specimen of the Apteryx Australis, in which

the beak was shorter, and also more dilated at the base, than in

other specimens which he had examined.

Mr. Yarrell read his description of the trachea of a male Spur-

winged Goose, Anser Gambensis and Chenaloper Gambensis of au-

thors.

‘«* A male specimen of this native of Northern and Western Africa

died lately in the gardens of the Zoological Society, after living in

confinement in the aviary nearly twelve years. Advantage was taken

of this opportunity to examine the organ of voice, which is generally

found to possess some remarkable variety in form throughout the

species of the extensive family of Anatide, and this expectation was

realized. The windpipe of the Spur-winged Goose, which is, I be-

lieve, undescribed, measures about sixteen inches in length; the tube

flattened throughout, except at the bottom, where it is nearly cylin-

drical. The bone at the bottom of the trachea, from which the bron-

chial tubes have their origin, is again flattened, and has on the left

side a bony protuberance, forming a hollow labyrinth, about five-

eighths of an inch wide, seven-cighths of an inch high, and three-

eighths of an inch thick from front to back. This bony enlargement

is perforated with various apertures on each surface, which in a na-

tural state are covered by a delicate semi-transparent membrane.”

Col. Hamilton Smith exhibited some drawings of Mammals from

the Himalaya Mountains.

Mr. Yarrell exhibited the second fasciculus, and the first and

second parts of the letter-press, of Sir William Jardine’s ‘ Scottish

Salmonide.’

Mr. Waterhouse called the attention of the Members to some im-

perfect skins of various species of Monkeys from Fernando Po, pre-

sented to the Society by George Knapp, Esq. The Curator observed,

that he had selected these specimens from a large number of skins,

sent from the locality mentioned, and that on a former occasion he

had had an opportunity of examining a similar series, from which the

specimens were selected which were described in the Proceedings for

May 1838, p. 57, under the names Colobus Pennantii, Colobus Satanas,

Cercopithecus Martini, and Cercopithecus erythrotis. In the present

collection is a skin of the Cercopithecus erythrotis, in which the face

is nearly perfect, and exhibits a transverse red mark, crossing the

nose; this mark is not due to the colour of the skin, but to short,

bright, rust-coloured hairs. The upper lip is covered with blackish

hairs, and a band composed of long blackish hairs runs backwards,

from the upper lip, across the cheeks, which in other parts are

covered with whitish hairs. The length of the skin is two feet, and

the tail measures two feet five inches.

Of the Colobus Pennantii there were many specimens in the collec-

tion, all of which presented the characters pointed out in the descrip-

tion in the Proceedings.

The skin of the Cercopithecus Martini, on the table, Mr. Water-

house observed, also agreed essentially with specimens formerly ex-

hibited, excepting in being of a larger size, the head and body

measuring nearly twenty-six inches, and the tail thirty-one inches

in length. The tail is of an uniform black colour, excepting near

and at the base, where the hairs are obscurely annulated with gray :

the hairs on the under parts of the body are of a grayish soot-colour,

obscurely annulated with whitish, and the upper surface of the head,

as well as the occipital portion, the shoulders, and fore-limbs, are

black : on the fore-part of the head the hairs are distinctly annulated

with yellowish white.

September 28, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, J. B. Harvey,

Esq., dated South Australia, March 25, 1841, wasread. This letter

refers to some specimens which Mr. Harvey had forwarded on a

former occasion as a present to the Society, and moreover states that

he had, at the time of writing the letter, shipped another collection,

part of which is also intended for the Society.

A letter from W. V. Guise, Esq., was next read. In this letter,

which is dated Sept. 25, 1841, Mr. Guise calls the attention of the

Members to the fact that a young Hoopoe (Upupa Epops, Auct.) was

killed on the eighth of September, at Frampton-on-Severn, by the

gamekeeper of Henry Clifford, Esq. of Frampton Court.

Mr. Lovell Reeve then submitted to the Meeting a Tabula Methodica

of the plan he intended to adopt in his forthcoming ConcnoLoera

Sysrematica, for the arrangement of the Lepades and Conchiferous

Mollusca. He stated, that in reviewing the history of Conchology,

which may be dated from the time of Adanson and Linnzus, it was

evident that few of these remarkable animals were then known; and

although the classification proposed by the latter has been aban-

doned, from the fact of its having been based almost entirely upon

the outward characters of the shells alone, without reference to the

anatomy or habits of their animal inhabitants; it may be remem-

bered as a most laudable attempt on the part of that great father

of natural history, to introduce into his theory of nature a scientific

arrangement of certain shells then before him, which he knew to be

the production of certain once living animals. This fallacious me-

thod, therefore, was his alternative; he must have been well aware

that he could no more arrive at the true history of the Mollusca by

their shells alone, than at the natural history of Birds by their feathers

alone ; but, in the absence of the soft and living parts, he succeeded

in establishing an arrangement, by noting such marks and symbols

on the shell as could be supposed by analogy to indicate corre-

sponding characters and developments in the organization of its

animal. Since the time of Linneus our intercourse with foreign

lands and the general progress of civilization have given increased

facilities of obtaining the animals in their native condition; thus,

their anatomy and habits have become the popular subject of mves-

tigation, raising the study of Conchology to a level with the rest of

the natural sciences. From the commencement of the present cen-

tury various naturalists have assisted in reorganizing the arrange-

ment and division of the Lepades and Mollusca ; Bruguiére, Lamarck,

Cuvier, De Blainville, Deshayes and Gray have successively devoted

themselves to the subject. In illustration of the progress of Con-

chology, Mr. Reeve exhibited to the Society a series of written

tables, showing the systems of classification and nomenclature pur-

sued by these several authors. He observed, that the simple method

of Lamarck was that usually adopted, but the last that had been in-

troduced was that of Mr. Gray published in the British Museum

Synopsis. The chief object of this author appeared to be to extend

the application of the nomenclature, in which he enumerates more

than three times the number of genera mentioned by Lamarck. He

could not fail to appreciate many useful alterations in Mr. Gray’s

system of classification, and thought it was entitled to considerable

merit on account of the attention with which he had studied the

animals; he could not however but express his fears that many of

Mr. Gray’s changes were founded too much upon conjecture ; it was

also much to be regretted that the whole matter had not been pre-

sented to the notice of scientific men in a fair and satisfactory form.

After a careful examination of these authors, and with the view of

embodying much new and important matter from various scattered

memoirs and monographs, Mr. Reeve proposes the foregoing system

of arrangement, considering it only a matter of surprise, that whilst

many eminent conchologists are indefatigable in describing new spe-

cies, a revision in the general distribution of these animals has been

so long neglected. The Lepades and Mollusca are to be considered

as separate and distinct sub-kingdoms. The Lepades are divided

into two orders, according to the established method, the sessile and

pedunculated ; and the Mollusca into five classes, upon the modifica-

tions of the organ of locomotion. The first class is divided, in imi-

tation of Lamarck, according to the number and position of the

adductor muscles, as indicated by the cicatrices or points of at-

tachment on the internal surface of the shell. The second class

includes but few species, and is distributed at once into families ;

the animals of this and the former class are all conchiferous, having

a bivalve shell; the valves are connected by a ligament in the first

class, but not in the second; their general organization too is es-

sentially different. The third class, which comprehends by far the

greater part of the Mollusca, is divided into seven orders, according

to the varieties of the structure and position of the branchiz, the

system of respiration being the most important feature of distinction

in the organization of these animals: this plan of subdividing them

was proposed by Cuvier, and has been for the most part followed by

subsequent naturalists. The animals of this class are not all con-

chiferous ; some are naked, or entirely destitute of shell, and do not

therefore come under the present notice. The fourth class contains

but few genera; they include a singular kind of mollusk, having a

small glass-like shell, found swimming in myriads on the surface of

the ocean by means of a small wing-like natatory fin. The fifth and

last class, which contains the Nautili, are divided into two orders,

according to the plan of Lamarck. The following Table exhibits

the primary distribution of these animals, with their subdivision into

families ; added to which is the entire classification in detail :—

Tabular Distribution of the Lepades and Conchiferous Mollusca.

Subregna. Classes. Orders. Families.

. Sessiles ......... Balanide.

LEPADES ......--- Pedunculate Anatiferidz.

( Tubicola, Pholadaria.

Solenacea, Myaria.

Mactracea, Lithophaga.

Bimusculosa..... Nymphacea, Conchacea.

Cardiacea, Arcacea.

deorianntin Trigonacea, Naiades.

per ry Chamacea.

Tridacnacea, Mytilacea.

Unimusculosa.... + Aviculacea, Pectinacea.

| Ostracea.

Brachiopoda wok wis ot se es Tendinosa, Adherentia.

a Cirrhobranchiata.. Dentalia.

= Cyclobranchiata .. _ Phyllidiana.

a . ; Fissuracea, Capulacea.

= Cervicobranchiata . ‘Macrostomata, Tubispiracea.

3 : Bullacea, Semiphyllidiana.

= Pleurobranchiata. . Aplysiana.

= Gasteropoda .2 Nucleobranchiata . Carinariana.

a“ Limacinea, Colimacea.

oO Pulmobranchiata. . 4 Cyclostomacea, Auriculacea.

4 Lymnzana.

ia Melaniana, Peristomata.

a Neritacea, Ianthinea.

or c Plicacea, Turbinacea.

= Pectinibranchiata . Paraaitiea, Canalifera.

Alata, Purpurifera.

Columellata, Convoluta.

Pheropada Hemi Aieis!s . alas velo soles Thecosomata.

Polythalamia..... Foraminifera, Siphonoidea.

Cea Monothalamia... . Argonautidz.

Classification in detail.

LEPADES. Fistulana. Teredo.

Order 1. SEssiLEs. Gastrochzna. 3

bor r Family 2. Pholadaria.

Tubicinella. Conia. Ran Een Phat

Coronula. Balanus. gira ees 3 i

Elmineus. Clitea. Family 3. Solenacea.

Catophragmus. Creusia. Solen. Solemya.

Octomeris. Pyrgoma. Solecurtus. Solenella.

Order 2. PepuNcULATA. Panopza. Glauconome.

; uae Glycimeris. Pholadomya.

Lithotrya. Pollicipes. . i

Pentelasmis. Cinaras. Family 4. Myaria.

Scalpellum. Otion. Mya. Pandora,

Anatina. Anatinella.

MOLLUSCA CONCHIFERA. | ‘Thracia. Myochama.

Class 1. TROPIOPODA. Corbula. Cleidothzrus.

Order 1. Brmuscunosa. Family 5. Mactracea.

Family 1. Tubicota. Lutraria. Gnathodon.

Aspergillum. Clavagella. Mactra. Crassatella.

Mesodesma.

Ungulina. Cumingia.

Family 6. Lithophaga.

Saxicava. Petricola.

Family 7. Nymphacea.

Sanguinolaria. Corbis.

Psammobia. Lucina.

Galeomma. Donax.

Tellina. Capsa.

Family 8. Conchacea.

Cyclas. Astarte.

Cyrena. Venus.

Galathea. Cytherea.

Cyprina. Pullastra.

Family 9. Cardiacea.

Cardium. Cardita.

Isocardia. Cypricardia.

Family 10. Arcacea.

Cucullea. Pectunculus.

Arca. Nucula.

Family 11. Trigonacea.

Trigonia.

Family 12. Naiades.

Unio. Iridina.

Hyria. Mycetopus.

Anodon.

Family 13. Chamacea.

Etheria. Chama.

Order 2. Unimuscutosa.

Family 1. Tridacnacea.

Tridacna. Hippopus.

Family 2. Mytilacea.

Lithodomus. Mytilus.

Modiola. Pinna.

Family 3. Aviculacea.

Crenatula. Vulsella.

Perna. Avicula.

Malleus.

Family 4. Pectinacea.

Pedum. Plicatula.

Lima. Spondylus.

Pecten.

Amphidesma.

Family 5. Ostracea.

Placunanomia.

Anomia.

Ostrzea.

Placuna.

Class 2. BRACHIOPODA.

Family 1. Tendinosa.

Lingula. Terebratula.

Family 2. Adherentia.

Thecidium. Orbicula.

Crania.

Class 3. GASTEROPODA.

Order 1. CrrrHoBRANCHIATA.

Dentalium.

Order 2. CycLoBRANCHIATA.

Chiton. Patella.

Chitonellus.

Order 3. CrERVICOBRANCHIATA.

Family 1. Fissuracea.

Lottia. Emarginula.

Siphonaria. Fissurella.

Parmophorus.

Family 2. Capulacea.

Crepidula. Hipponyx.

Calyptraa. Pileopsis.

Family 3. Macrostomata.

Velutina. Stomatia.

Sigaretus. Haliotis.

Family 4. Tubispiracea.

Siliquaria. Vermetus.

Order 4. PLEUROBRANCHIATA.

Family 1. Bullacea.

Bulla.

Family 2. Semiphyllidiana.

Pleurobranchus. Umbrella.

Family 3. Aplysiana.

Aplysia. Dolabella.

Order 5. NucLeopranculATA.

Carinaria.

Order 6, PuLMOBRANCHIATA. Family 8. Canalifera.

Family 1. Limacinea. Cerithium. Pleurotoma.

Parmacella. Testacellus. Turbinellus. Pyrula.

Rania Wine, Cancellaria. Murex.

hey ts : Fasciolaria. Ranella.

Family 2. Colimacea. Bice: Tten:

Helix. Bulimus. ;

Carocolla. Partula. ; Family 9. Alata.

Anostoma. Achatina. Struthiolaria. | Pterocera.

Pupa. Succinea. Rostellaria. Strombus.

Clausilia. Family 10. Purpurifera.

Family 3. Cyclostomacea. Cassidaria. Trichotropis.

Pupina. Cyclostoma. Oniscia. Magilus.

Truncatella. Helicina. Cassis. Leptoconchus.

‘ig 4. Aserical : Ricinula. Buccinum.

: se Gate as Columbella. Nassa.

Auricula. Chilina. P Pl :

Si ce aahiad, urpura. anaxis.

; Monoceros. Eburna.

Family 5. Lymneana. Concholepas. _—Ancillaria.

Planorbis. Ancylus. Harpa. Oliva.

Lymnza. Dolium. Terebra.

Order 7. PecTinIBRANCHIATA.

Family 1. Melaniana.

Melania. Melanopsis.

Family 2. Peristomata.

Valvata. Ampullaria.

Paludina.

Family 3. Neritacea.

Navicella. Neritopsis.

Neritina. Natica.

Nerita.

Family 4. Lanthinea.

Tanthina.

Family 5. Plicacea.

Tornatella. Pyramidella.

Family 6. Turbinacea.

Rissoa. Trochus.

Eulima. Turbo.

Scalaria. Margarita.

Delphinula. Littorina.

Solarium. Phasianella.

Phorus. Turritella.

Rotella.

Family 7. Parasitica.

Stylifer.

Family 11. Columellata.

Volvaria. Voluta.

Marginella. Melo.

Mitra. Cymba.

Family 12. Convoluta.

Erato. Terebellum.

Cyprea. Conus.

Ovula.

Class 4. PTEROPODA. ©

Hyalza. Vaginula.

Cleodora. Cuvieria.

Limacina. Cymbulia.

Creseis.

Class 5. CEPHALOPODA.

Order 1. PotytHaLaMia.

Family 1. Foraminifera.

Orbiculina.

Spiroloculina.

Polystomella.

Textularia.

Nodosaria.

Family 2. Siphonoidea.

Spirula.

Nautilus.

Order 2. MonorHaLamia.

Argonauta.

Mr. Gould exhibited two skulls of a large species of Kangaroo,

from North Australia, which are remarkabie for the large size of the

nasal cavity, and differ likewise in some other parts of their struc-

ture from the more typical species of Macropus. Mr. Gould also

laid before the Meeting some species of Fishes collected in North

Australia.

October 12, 1841.

Professor Owen, Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from John Parkinson, Esq., was read. In this letter Mr.

Parkinson incloses a communication which had been forwarded to

him by Mr. Commissary General Coffin, tending to prove the dis-

position of the woodcock to return, not only to the same district but

to a once-frequented spot. The communication is as follows :—

“In the year 1833 a woodcock with white feathers in the wings

was observed in a cover on the manor of Monkleigh, near Torrington,

in the county of Devon. The same bird, or cne of exactly similar

plumage, re-appeared in the same place during the four succeeding

seasons, in which period it was so repeatedly shot at by different

persons without effect, that it at last acquired among the country-

people the name of ‘ the witch.’ In the year 1837 however it was

killed by John Piper of Monkleigh, while following the owner of the

property which it frequented, the Rev. J. T. Pine Coffin of Port-

ledge, who has now the stuffed specimen in his possession.

“ The white feathers are the primary quills and bastard winglets of

each wing, the remainder of the plumage being of the ordinary hue.

‘These feathers are all of a pure white, and seem to be of a closer

and stronger texture than usual, but no other peculiarity is observa-

ble. It is however worthy of notice, that the cover which formed

its constant haunt, when not disturbed, is a piece of wood not ex-

ceeding fifty acres in extent; thus proving the disposition of the

woodcock to return, not only to the same district but to the same

spot which it has once frequented, and to which it is probably first

directed by the parent bird, or by other companions older than itself.”

“ Barnstaple, 17th July, 1841.”

A letter from Sir Rebert Heron, Bart., was next read. It states

that two Rheas in Sir Robert Heron’s menagerie had laid thirteen

eggs; but as they showed no inclination to set upon them, eight of

them were placed under four turkeys. ‘‘ When the young Rheas

were hatched,” observes Sir Robert Heron, ‘‘ the turkeys appeared

to think them monsters, and in every instance attacked them; but

upon their being placed under the turkeys the ensuing night, they

took proper care of them.” But one, however, of the young Rheas

survived, and this was allowed to range loose with the turkey. It

employed its time in catching insects, which is remarkable, since the

adult Rhea does not feed upon insects.

The eggs of the Rhea were hatched in five weeks, whilst the Emu

sits nine weeks, and Sir Robert Heron supposes the difference of

time required to hatch the eggs of these two species may perhaps

Nos. CV. & CVI.—Procrepines or TuE Zoot. Soc.

arise from the difference in the thickness of the shell of their eggs,

the shell of the Rhea being thinner than that of the Emu.

Mr. Gould exhibited four new species of Kangaroos from his col-

lection, and pointed out their chief distinguishing characters. These

four species Mr. Gould proposed to name Osphranter Antilopinus,

Osphranter (?) Isabellinus, Halmaturus agilis, and Lagorchestes conspi-

cillatus. ‘The first of these Kangaroos is of large size, and remarkable

for the great expanse of the nasal cavity, and consequent dilatation

of the bones which inclose that cavity. The bony palate is desti-

tute of the large posterior openings found in the skulls of the ty-

pical Halmaturi. ‘The incisors are comparatively small; the fore-

most incisor on each side is rather broader than the second, and the

posterior incisor is about equal in width to the other two taken to-

gether. On the outer surface of the first and second incisors may

be perceived faint traces of longitudinal grooves, and the hindermost

of these teeth has a distinct vertical fold situated rather in front of

the middle of the tooth. The adult skull presents false molars

i true molars, =) and the skull of an aged individual has the

false molars = true molars, o3

The muffle is broad and naked; the muzzle is broad and rather

short; the ears are moderate and rounded at the apex. The fore-

limbs are comparatively long and stout, and the toes and claws are

very strong. The hind-limbs are short and muscular; the middle

toe of the hind-foot is very large, whilst the lateral toes are but little

developed ; the two small inner toes (which are united in one com-

mon integument as in other Kangaroos) terminate in a line with the

small outer toe, or very nearly so. The under surface of the feet is

very rough, being covered with small horny tubercles.

These characters, especially the great expansion of the muzzle and

the comparatively small development of the lateral toes of the hind-

feet, and inerease in size of the central toe, Mr. Gould is of opinion

should be regarded as generic, or subgeneric, rather than specific ;

he therefore proposed for the animal the new sectional title of Os-

phranter. The specific name Antilopinus was suggested by the pe-

culiar texture of the fur, which resembles that of an Antelope. The

principal characters are as follows :—

OspHRANTER AntiLorinus. Osphr. rhinario lato, nudo ; rostro lato,

amplificato, cavis nasalibus amplis ; caudd elongatd, validd, pilis

brevibus adpressis indutd ; tarsis posticis mediocribus, digito in-

termedio permagno, digitis lateralibus parvulis, et inter se eddem

longitudine ; vellere brevi, aliquanto rigidd et adpressd (sicut in

Antilope videtur) ; colore rufo, artubus pallidioribus ; corpore

subtis, guld, aurium, artuumque partibus internis, nec non caude

basi infra, albis vel flavescenti-albis.

Feemina vellere flavescente, apud dorsum fuscescente ; capite superné

fusco, albido adsperso, occipite, et auribus externe fuliginoso-

Suscis ; genis, guld, artubus internis corporeque subtis pallide

flavescentibus ; caude@ basi infra flavescenti-albd,

Mase. Foem.

une. lin. une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad apicem caude.. 87 0 66 O

COUDED: eg s Pim Ne RS AS Bot 33° («6 26 O

— tarsi digitorumque .........4.. 13 0 ll O

—. antebrachii et pedis antici ...... 15 0 La)

— ab apice rostri ad basin auris.... Ao 5, 9

Sea LUITS on. [ae as oj sefafe «ct ds aiaug nte,« 7 4 .'3" 3 6

EDI deh Sy Motta sel iters hia tly ha gs 17 6 13 6

Hab. Port Essington, North coast of Australia.

Mr. Gould observed that the Petrogale robusta should also be re-

ferred to this section.

Of the second species Mr. Gould regretted he was not able to lay

before the meeting a perfect specimen ; the skin, however, which he

exhibited, though imperfect, in his opinion exhibited characters not

found in any species hitherto described: they are,

OspHRANTER(?) IsABELLINUS. Osphr. vellere aliquantd brevi, molli,

splendide fulvo ; guld, corpore infra, artubusque albidis, hic atque

illic flavescente leviter tinctis.

Longitudo corporis circiter 36 unc.

The general colour of the skin is bright fulvous or sandy red;

the fur is rather short and soft to the touch; the hairs are uniform

in tint to the base: the throat and under parts of the body are

white, faintly tinted with yellowish in parts. The fur on the belly

is long and very soft: the white or whitish colouring of the under

parts, and the uniform fulvous colouring of the upper parts and

sides of the body, do not blend gradually. ‘he colour of the tail is

nearly the same as that of the body, but is rather paler, and is nearly

uniform. The fore-feet and toes above are covered with brown hairs,

but on the sides of the toes the hairs are yellowish. ‘The size of the

animal is probably about equal to that of the Macropus Bennettii.

This skin was procured at Barrow Island, on the north-west coast

of Australia, by Capt. Stokes, of H.M.S. ‘ Beagle,’ and transmitted

by him to Mr. Gould, that its characters might be published.

The third species is thus named and characterized.

Haxmaturvs acinis. Hal. fulvus, supra nigro adspersus, infra

sordidé albus ; aurium apicibus externis et margine antico nigris ;

strigd fuscescente utrinque ab oculis usque ad nares productd, et

infra hance lined albd ; clunibus lined albidd notatis ; caudd longd

pilis brevibus albidis, ad basin supra flavidis, ad apicem nigrescen-

tibus, indutd.

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad apicem caude .. 63 0O

at edule nist. te ooo oes lane 30 0

tarsi digitorumque ..........40.. 9 3

antebrachii et pedis antici........ 9 236

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 5 6

dining soli. Io Jann odt.bgs.ew 209

The above are the principal characters of a male specimen pro-

éured at Port Essington: its fur is rather short, adpressed, and

harsh to the touch: the general colour is sandy yellow, but the

upper parts of the head and body are freely pencilled with blackish,

the hairs being of this colour at the point. The chin, throat, and chest

are nearly pure white, and the hairs on these parts are uniform to

the base: on the belly the hairs are sandy yellow next the skin, but

whitish at the point. The limbs are of a pale sandy yellow tint

externally, and white on the inner side. On the fore-feet the hairs are

also of a pale sandy yellow tint, but they are pencilled with blackish.

The hind-feet are nearly white, but on the toes many of the hairs

assume a rusty hue. The upper surface of the head is rather paler

than the body ; the lips are whitish, and a whitish mark extends

backwards from the lips and terminates beneath the eye: running

parallel with, and joining this mark, is another mark, which is of a

dusky hue. The ears are of moderate size, somewhat pointed, white

within, and of the same colour as the upper surface of the head ex-

ternally, excepting at the apex, where they are rather broadly mar-

gined with black, and a narrow black line runs along the anterior

edge. On each side of the rump is an oblique whitish line. The

tail is rather sparingly clothed with short adpressed hairs, and these

are nearly white, excepting on the upper surface at the base, where

they are of the same hue as those on the back, and along the dorsal

surface is a yellowish line: on the under surface the hairs of the tail

are of a dirty white colour, and at the apex they are black.

The last species belongs to the division of the Kangaroos to which

Mr. Gould has applied the name Lagorchestes, and is remarkable

for the circle of bright rust-coloured hairs which surround the eyes,

a character which suggested the specific name given.

LacorcHEstrs consPicILLatus. Lag. vellere ut in Lepore timido ;

artubus parvis ; caudd fere quoad longitudinem cum corpore co-

equale ; capite corporeque supra fuscescentibus et flavescenti-albo

nigroque adspersis ; corporis partibus inferioribus sordide albis ;

lateribus ferrugineo-flavescentibus ; caudd pilis brevibus sordideé

albis parce indutd ; tarsis sordide albis ; auribus intis pilis flaves-

centi-albis ; oculis pilis ferrugineis circumdatis ; vellere corporis

superioris ad radicem nigro.

une. Jin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad apicem caude.. 32 6

CT RN Seen ech ocrdake Saree marke 13 6

— tarsi digitorumque ..........+..- 5 3

antebrachii et pedis antict........ 3 O

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 3 3

Di tan Bloc OD cree oe acotted thee: 1 3

This httle animal was procured at Barrow Island, on the north-

west coast of Australia ; in size as well as in the colouring and texture

of the fur it very nearly resembles the Common Hare (Lepus timidus,

Auct.). From Lagorchestes leporoides it may be distinguished by the

shortness of its ears and the want of a black patch at the base of the

fore-leg. As in L. leporoides, it has the eyes encircled with reddish

hairs; but these areof a more brilliant rusty-red colour than in that

animal.

The fur is very long, dense, and rather soft to the touch ; on the

back it is of a black colour next the skin, yellowish white towards

the apex, shaded into deeper yellow still nearer to the point, and

black at the point. On the hinder part of the back the portion of

each hair, which is yellow on the back, is replaced by white, and

there is an oblique white mark on each side of the rump. The fur

on the side of the body is deep grey next the skin, brownish yellow

in the middle, and this is followed by black, then whitish, and at the

point black. On the under part of the body the fur is ash-coloured

next the skin, and white externally, excepting on the sides of the

belly, where they are of a rusty yellow hue externally. The hair

on the upper surface of the head is black, freely pencilled with yel-

lowish white; a broad space round the eye is covered with bright

rusty-red hairs, and this hue, though less bright, is extended back-

wards beneath the ear. The lips and chin are dirty white; the

throat is white. The ears are very small and somewhat pointed ;

internally they are clothed with whitish hairs, and externally with

dirty white hairs on the apical portion, but towards the base there is

an admixture of black. ‘The fore- and hind-legs and feet are pale,

the hairs being dirty white at the point and brown next the skin.

The tail is slender, and being but sparingly clothed with short dirty

white bristly hairs, exhibits scales ; on the under surface it is more

densely clothed, and the hairs are longer and of a dirty yellowish

hue.

This new species was transmitted to Mr. Gould for description by

Capt. Wickham, of H.M.S. ‘ Beagle.’

October 26, 1841.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following communication, entitled, ‘‘ Description of the Sto-

mach of the Colobus Ursinus, Ogilby,”’ by R. Owen, Esq., was read.

«The body of the Ursine Colobus, which there can be little doubt

is the Full-bottom Monkey of Pennant (Colobus polycomos, Illig.),

lately exhibited in the Society’s menagerie, having been transmitted

to me for examination by Mr. Waterhouse, with a view more par-

ticularly to the determination of the form of the stomach, I have

much pleasure in communicating to the Society the result of this

examination.

“Tt may render the interest in the dissection of this Monkey more

intelligible to some, if I premise, that the genus to which it belongs

is one of recent discovery or establishment, the affinities of which to

the Doucs (Semnopithecus), though strongly illustrated by the general

form of the Colobi, and more especially by their skull and dental

organs, required a knowledge of the anatomy of their digestive sy-

stem for its full appreciation.

“The Colobi, peculiar among all known old world Simiade by the

rudimental development of the thumbs of the fore-hands, were gene-

rically separated on that account by Illiger. Cuvier, at the period of

publishing the last edition of the ‘ Régne Animal,’ had not enjoyed

the opportunity of determining how far the distinctive character, seized

. upon by the Berlin naturalist, was real and constant. Temminck,

however, had assured Cuvier that the Colobus of Illiger possessed the

skull and dentition of the Semnopithect. Mr. Ogilby has mainly

contributed to establish the Illigerian genus and illustrate its extent

by the description of several species founded upon skins transmitted

to the Zoological Society ; and our excellent establishment has now

fulfilled another of its functions, by affording to the anatomist the

means of establishing the natural affinities and position of the genus

Colobus, as it has heretofore done in regard to the Semnopithecus.

“The stomach of the Colobus Ursinus presents the same compli-

cated saccular structure as in the Semnopitheci : if it was somewhat

smaller in the present instance, in proportion to the body, this might

arise from the immaturity of the individual examined. The saccula-

tion is produced by the same modification of the muscular fibres of

the stomach, combined with a great extent of the digestive tunics.

A narrow band of longitudinal fibres traverses the lesser curvature

of the stomach, and a second band, commencing at the left or blind

extremity of the cavity, puckers it up ina succession of sub-globular

sacs along the greater end. I deem it unnecessary to pursue the

description more minutely in this case, as it would be merely the

repetition of that which has already been published in our Transac-

tions in reference to the Semnopithecus Entellus*. The form and size

of the cecum, and the length and disposition of the intestinal canal

in the Colobus equally corresponded with those parts of the anatomy

of the closely allied genus Semnopithecus.”

Mr. Waterhouse observed, that the animal dissected by Prof. Owen

had been presented to the Society by the Earl of Derby, and had

lived for some time in the Menagerie. Soon after its death he had

carefully examined it with a view to ascertain whether it possessed

cheek-pouches. Of these he found not the slightest trace.

Mr. Lovell Reeve then read his ‘‘ Description of a new species of

Corbis, a genus of acephalous mollusks of the family Nymphacea.”

Corsis Soversi. Cord. testd transversd, tumidd, gibbosd, lacted

aut rubelld ; radiis roseis obsoletis ab umbonibus ad marginem di-

vergentibus ; lamellis transversis elevatis, remotiusculis, utrinque

serratis, anticé valdiis ; striis numerosis radiantibus, intra lamel-

las ; margine subcrasso, profunde crenulato ; umbonibus longitudi-

nalibus, minutis, opposite incurvis ; lunuld parvd, subcordatd,

Long. 23; lat. 34 poll. Mus. Stainforth, Norris.

Junior, testa depressiusculd, radiis roseis longitudinalibus plus mi-

nusve distinctis.

Long. 12; lat. 1% poll. Mus. Stainforth.

Hab. ad insulam Negros, Philippinarum.

Found in loose coral sand on the reefs at low water.

“«T have much pleasure in dedicating this beautiful species of Cor-

bis, figures of which will appear in the third part of my ‘ Concho-

logia Systematica’ (pl. lviii.), to that industrious author and artist

Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun. Only one recent species of this character-

istic genus of Nymphacea has been hitherto known; it is therefore

gratifying to be able to make so valuable an addition. The Corbis

Soverbii differs materially from the Corbis fimbriata: instead of the

closely fimbriated character of the outer surface, the valves are crossed

transversely with distinct elevated lamellar ridges, between which

there are numerous striz running in a longitudinal direction. It is

also characterized by being strongly tinged with pink, particularly

in an early stage of growth, when the valves are vividly painted with

deep-coloured rays passing from the umbones to the margin : as the

shell increases in age it increases in convexity, the lamelle become

thickened, and the rays obsolete. This interesting species more

nearly resembles the Corbis lamellosa of Lamarck, known only in a

fossil state; it differs, however, in having the valves much more

gibbous or ventricose, and in the lamelle being strongly serrated on

the anterior side. Some little time since I was fortunate enough to

obtain, at a public auction at Rotterdam, four specimens of the

C. Soverbii, two in the young and two in the adult state. The sale

consisted of a valuable collection of shells, formed with considerable

* Vol. i. p. 65. pl. 8.

taste by the late Dutch governor, General Ryder, stationed at the

Moluccas. It included many of extreme rarity and beauty ; amongst

others, I had the honour of bringing to this country a beautiful new

species of the glassy Nautilus, equal im size to the Carinaria vitrea

that has been seen in this country, a wax model of which has been

exhibited in the British Museum for many years, taken from the

original, and I believe unique, specimen in the Museum at the ‘ Jar-

din des Plantes,’ Paris.

«“Mr. Cuming has kindly furnished me with the above locality,

having met with a few specimens of the Corbis Soverbii in his re-

searches amongst the Philippines, at the island of Negros.”

The next paper read was from Mr. Stutchbury, and is entitled,

« Description of a new Sponge from Barbadoes.”

«The Museum of the Bristol Institution having lately become pos-

sessed of a very interesting sponge through the liberality of Dr.

Cutting, of Barbadoes, to whom we are also indebted for the ‘ recent’

Pentacrinus, ‘recent’ Pholadomya, and numerous other valuable do-

nations; and as this tribe has met with the able attention of micro-

scopists, whose researches appear to have excited considerable inter-

est ;—1 have thought a brief account of the specimen would be ac-

ceptable to naturalists.”

“The peculiarities of this very beautiful sponge consist in the

following distinctive characters; the most remarkable of which

is, its being formed entirely of silex, the reticulate structure of the

mass being composed of transparent vitreous tubuli, without any

admixture of keratose or calcareous matter; the silex forming the

mass itself, and not, as in other instances, arranged as spicula in the

horny membranes; consequently, it is perfectly rigid and sonorous

when struck,

«‘ When viewed by a simple lens it exhibits a frothy glass-like

appearance : under a magnifying power of seventy-five linear, the

net-like meshes are seen to be composed of beautiful glassy tubes,

anastomosing one with the other in every direction, the external

surface of the cylinders having a rugged aspect; the newer or last

formed portions appear to emanate from centres, and at certain

distances from spherical masses, from which straight tubes again

arise, thus forming the reticulate structure.

“ Amidst the interstices of the sponge are found numerous small

bodies loose and unattached (also composed of silex*), characterized

by Ehrenberg under the generic appellation of Xanthidium, of which

several species in a fossil state are described as occurring in flints

and other siliceous minerals; this minute body may be described as

* In testing the mineral character of the sponge a small portion was ex-

amined under the microscope; then placed in a test tube, and upon the ad-

dition of dilute hydrochloric acid no effervescence occurred: it was then

dried, and again placed in the field of-the microscope, when no change ap-

peared to have taken place; upon submitting it to the action of the blow-

pipe, the only alteration was its losing its glassy aspect by becoming opake,

but it was not altered in’ form.

a spherical mass of tubuli, arising from a centre, each tubular spine

being terminated by an expanded conical aperture, and a strong re-

semblance is at once observed between these bodies and the mode of

extension in the newer portions of the sponge itself; this fact, to-

gether with that of the perfect siliceous character of these minute

bodies, induces me to come to the conclusion that they are not di-

stinct, free animals, parasites to the sponge, but the gemmules of the

sponge, in which they are found; and I think their increase, so as

to become perfect sponges when ejected from the parent mass, can

be readily understood by comparing their present form with the

recently formed portions of the sponge. Supposing the gemmule (?)

to have arrived at that state which commences its individual life, its

increase would not be by an extension of the tubuli in a straight

line ; but from the edges of the terminal aperture of each spine other

and similar tubuli would or might be sent off, and thus the end of

every spine become a fresh centre and anastomusing point, and in

this way a very slight addition would give the newly formed mass

the reticulate and vesicular character of the parent sponge.

“ Being anxious to identify the peculiar and entire siliceous cha-

racter of this sponge with its generic appellation, 1 have adopted the

name of Dactylocalyx; the principal characters of which may be thus

expressed :—

“« Sponge fixed, rigid, siliceous ; incurrent canals, uniform in size ;

excurrent canals large, forming deep sinuosities on the outer surface,

radiating from the root to the outer circumference.

“ For the species the name Dactylocalyx pumiceus is proposed.”

A collection of Birds from Australia, presented by J. Olive, Esq.,

was exhibited.

premere WF wien qivedite Cults reac

6 bts wei! binhs bahewiyas 08 ee bateiti¢

; a batiané ons ae Hale sat heweioda onde Voura

Ae greys atite eacitita} <ivod- sar Gh o

Fao wadranty aaeunifie seh bal Topeak? bi iy.

Bat ‘allt HawOAd) sft OP wees OP ond

vy isl Hed! Wenge ae ct

é dqpit-1d bas: bawct aus gasht ‘ode

ots heeght Apisais ita veSik

perpay avr sitaiod

fe Haale as fare

; sph, 6, ngenidsin cet" vi skoithys atate Sette how

ce hy mola! a2 it qa a Ot bhicn

: et iy tare f pea ait ; me 1 2oxhe a aii UF

1 pues hae Pui Vays aif ai Av, SLANT Thin des 3

ae That. Pita: eie9 bay a

Lirais asd aeky, bidew sia ily

+e Feaviany aL Todt igiads tal isies bing ‘a

Hilly Say 3b, $y tebe a aE

ah les mony a Tow rey stadia a7 fiw & nage

pitt af yer: data Who Beda aise as friteise, ony | ELOY is

~ imal os aka Rete ne _ 4H0: oily’, bigh'h

ae wii Ss + aoidizininte gash pe fii

7 i aaginitoy® wide ahi by b agtig int

fpadqand a 4 valig SgdgsOKyAAeY. 9 oliae id

pale ill) le vd bec! hers

November 9, 1841.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

A letter from E. L. Moore, Esq., dated Newfoundland, September

21, 1841, was read. In this letter Mr. Moore returns his thanks to

the Society for having elected him a corresponding member, and ob-

serves that no exertion on his part shall be wanting to forward its

views.

Mr. Gould exhibited and pointed out the characters of a new

species of Goose nearly allied to Nettapus Coromandelianus (Anas

Coromandeliana, Auct.), from N. Australia, which he characterized

Nerrarus PULCHELLUS. Nett. collo, dorso, alisque intensé resplen-

denti-viridibus ; lateribus, fasciis latis lineisque alternatim albis

et viridescenti-nigris, conspicue ornatis ; remigibus secondartis cum

pogoniis externis albis, undé fascia obliqua alam transcurrens.

Male: head brownish green, indistinctly barred with light brown,

beneath the eye an oval spot of white ; neck, back and wings deep

glossy green; primaries black; outer webs of the secondaries snow-

white; feathers of the chest and back of the neck white, with a

number of greenish black circles, one within the other, so numerous

that the white is nearly lost; the flanks similarly marked, but in

them the bars and circles are broader and more apparent ; tail black,

glossed with green ; abdomen white ; under tail-feathers black ; irides

dark brown; bill dark greenish grey, with a yellowish white nail;

under mandible greenish grey, irregularly blotched with a lighter

colour; legs and feet blackish brown.

Total length, 125 inches; bill, 14; wing, 64; tail, 3; tarsi, 1.

The female resembles the male, but differs in having the crown,

occiput, and a stripe down the back of the neck deep brown; in

being destitute of the white spot beneath the eye; in having the

chin and upper part of the throat white, mottled with small mark-

ings of brown; bill french grey, becoming yellowish at the base;

lower mandible bluish grey; tarsi fleshy white on the sides; back

and front blackish brown ; feet dark brown.

Mr. Waterhouse called the attention of the members to a new

species of Rodent from Chile, which had been placed in his hands

for description by H. Cuming, Esq. This animal, Mr. Waterhouse

stated, evidently belonged to a little family of the Rodentia (the Oc-

todontide), which is peculiar to the southern parts of South America,

a family of which six species are characterized, and these constitute

the four genera, Ctenomys, Poephagomys, Octodon, and Abrocoma.

The present Rodent agrees with the two first of these genera in

No. CVI.—Procrxrpines or THE Zoot. Soc.

—

having the fore-feet strong and furnished with large claws formed

for burrowing, and approaches most nearly, as regards its external

characters, to the genus Poephagomys of F. Cuvier, (which appears to

be the Psammoryctes of Poeppig,) inasmuch as its ears are of mode-

rate size, whilst those of the species of Ctenomys are very small.

The skull presents a very large antorbital opening, enclosed ex-

ternally by the zygomatic process of the superior maxillary bone,

the root of which is thrown out almost horizontally, and is on the

same plane as the anterior palatal portion of the cranium: a second,

very small opening, for the transmission of the infra-orbital nerve, is

pierced through the root of the zygomatic process* ; the zygoma is

deep and compressed; the portion of the palate situated between the

molar teeth is contracted in front, and widest between the posterior

molars; and the posterior portion of the palate presents a deep V-

formed emargination. The descending ramus of the lower jaw, or

that part which lies below and behind the alveolar portion, is thrown

out from the outer side of the alveolus of the great inferior incisor,

which extends almost to the condyle; its posterior portion is emar-

ginated, and lower and hinder portion is produced in the form of an

acute angle, terminating behind the vertical line, dropped from the

condyle; the lower boundary of the descending ramus is produced

externally and internally in such a manner, as when viewed from

beneath, this part presents a horizontal platform of small extent,

and which is broadest at about one-sixth of an inch from the angle of

the jaw, the platform at this part being produced internally so as to

form an obtuse angle. The condyloid portion of the lower jaw has

a considerable antero-posterior extent, and the articular surface,

which is rather broad, occupies rather more than half of this com-

pressed condyloid process. The coronoid process is in the form of

an isosceles triangle, the apex of which is of the same height as the

condyle, or very nearly so.

The molar teeth are rootless and four in number on each side of

each jaw.

These characters of skull and dentition all indicate the affinities

of the animal under consideration with the Octodontide: the cranium

compared with that of the known species of the family presents the

modifications observable in the burrowing types, differing from the

Octodons and Abrocomas, which live more on the surface of the

ground and ascend trees and bushes, in the smaller size of the

cranial cavity, and in the greater strength of all the parts, arising from

the comparatively large size of the teeth, and more especially of the

incisors, which are fitted for cutting rootst. The auditory bulle

* This second small opening is found in the skull of Octodon, and appears

to be represented in the figure (given by Mr. Bennett) in Ctenomys, though

not so well expressed by the engraver as by the artist of the drawing from

which the engraving was made. In Abrocoma there is no corresponding

opening.

+ The burrowing Sciuride and Muride, as compared with the typical

examples of their respective groups, present a corresponding modification of

the skull; the strength of the cranium is greater, and the cranial cavity

fife of moderate size, but rather smaller than in Octodon; the lower

jaw is larger and much stronger than in the two genera mentioned.

In these characters the present animal makes so near an approach

to Ctenomys, that it might with propriety be placed in that genus

were it not that in the structure of the teeth there exists a difference

fully as great as that which gave rise to the generic distinction of the

little groups of which the family Octodontide is composed. In Octo-

don, Poephagomys and Ctenomys, the enamel of the molar teeth enters,

in the form of a fold on each side, into the body of the tooth, but the

folds from opposite sides do not meet. In the Rodent which forms

the subject of these observations, the crown of each molar is divided

into two parts by the meeting of the folds of enamel of the outer and

inner side, and the surface of these teeth may be compared to a

series of cylinders (two to each tooth), which are much compressed

in the antero-posterior direction. ‘The three foremost molars in

each jaw are equal in size, and the posterior molar is smaller than

the rest. In position, the last molar of the upper jaw differs from

the others, being as it were twisted, so that the two transverse lobes

are placed obliquely.

With our present very limited knowledge of the small Rodents of

the southern parts of South America, and especially of the western

coast, it is impossible to judge of the value of such a modification of

the molar teeth as is here pointed out. It is possible that the species

of Octodontide may vary more or less among themselves in the

structure of these teeth, in which case the so-called genera, esta-

blished as the species are discovered, will require a revision, as do

very many of the genera of Rodentia ; in the mean time, however,

it is necessary that sectional names should be imposed on such

species as will not agree tolerably well with the definitions of the

genera published as such. Agreeably to these views, the subgeneric

‘title Schizodon* is proposed for the present new Rodent. The prin-

cipal external characters may be thus expressed :—

Scuizopon Fuscus. Schiz. supra griseo-fuscus, subtis obscure flavo

tinctus : pedibus pilis obscure fuscis tectis ; awribus mediocribus ;

caudd, fused quoad longitudinem caput feré equante, pilis brevis-

simis tectd.

une. lin

Longitudo ab apice rostri usque ad caude basin .. Sa

as CUED So Ne 2 ad renee LeU 6 odd le DO Boat 1 8

tarsi digitorumque .... ities, the 258

Tit Regn (A Pek Oar aac at Ra cick eae tae cae 0 54

In size and colouring the Schizodon greatly resembles the Com-

mon Rat (Mus decumanus) ; its fur is rather softer than in that ani-

smaller. It is difficult to estimate the amount of intelligence in these ani-

mals, but, judging from the size of the brain, it would appear that there

existed an intimate connexion between the food of the animal and its in-

telligence ; the food in one case leading the animal to habits which cause

it to be exposed to numerous dangers which do not occur in the other.

* From oxifw, divido, et ddods, dens.

mal. Both on the upper and under parts of the body the hairs are

of a deep slate-grey colour next the skin; those on the belly are of

a dirty yellow colour. On the back, the hairs are most of them

brownish, or yellowish brown near the point, and black at the

point. The ears are covered both externally and internally with

fine short hairs. The hind-feet have five toes; the fore-feet also

have five toes, but the inner one is very small and has a very short

nail; the other toes have long, compressed and powerful nails.

The hairs of the moustaches are of a dusky colour.

The discovery of the Rodent above described is due to Mr. T.

Bridges, whose notes relating to it are as follows :—‘*‘ This species

of Rodent is very common on the eastern side of the Andes, where

it completely undermines the face of the country, especially in dry

places, making it very disagreeable for the rider, as the horses are

continually plunging into the burrows. It must lay up a winter

store, or otherwise migrate, or remain buried in the snow at least

three months during the winter season. The specimen is a female.”

November 23, 1841.

John Willimott, Esq., in the Chair.

Mr. Lovell Reeve exhibited a beautiful new species of Mitra, a

genus of pectinibranchiate mollusks, of the family Columellata, which

he characterized as follows :— }

~ Mirra Srarnrortau. Mitr. testd cylindraceo-fusiformi, exalbidd ;

apice basique cinereo-cerulescentibus ; spird acuminatd ; anfrac-

tibus transversim leviter striatis, longitudinaliter costatis ; costis

latiusculis, subdistantibus, maculis rufis quadratis vivide pictis ;

aperturd angustd; columelld triplicatd ; umbilico parvulo ; labro

externo simplici, fauce ad marginem rubidé maculatd.

Long. 23; lat. $, poll. Mus. Stainforth.

Hab. ad insulam Burias, Philippinarum. Cuming.

Found in coarse coral sand, 7 fathoms.

“Tt is with peculiar gratification that I am allowed to introduce

into the nomenclature of the Mollusca, the name of my esteemed

friend, the Rev. Mr. Stainforth; a zealous conchologist, and one

who, perhaps, stands unrivalled in his beautiful collection of Mitres.

The Mitra Stainforthii is somewhat allied to the Mitra sanguisuga

of Lamarck : the whorls are longitudinally ribbed as in that species ;

but in this, they are wider and more distant from each other; they

are also eminently distinguished by a series of square red spots run-

ning from the top to the bottom. The magnificent specimen which

has furnished the above description is two inches and a quarter in

length; a few small specimens have been recently found by Mr.

Cuming at the island of Burias, one of the Philippines.”

A collection of bird-skins and mammals from Chile was exhibited.

The specimens were collected by Thomas Bridges, Esq., in the Andes

of Chile, lat. 34°-35°, and were laid before the meeting at the desire

of that gentleman. With this collection Mr. Bridges sent the fol-

lowing notes, which were communicated to the Meeting by H.

Cuming, Esq. :—

Canis Azare, Pr. Max. Found in valleys on the eastern side of

the Andes. This species of Fox appears to differ from the large

Fox of Chile, known by the name of “‘ Culpeo,” in the bluntness of

its ears.

Schizodon fuscus, Waterh. Proc. Zool. Soc. for November 9, 1841.

Mr. Bridges’s notes on the habits of this Rodent will be found in the

Proceedings of the preceding meeting.

Mus, ? ‘This little animal is found about hedges in the

province of Colehagua, and is by no means common. ‘There are in

Chile at least ten or twelve species of Rats and Mice.

Sturnella loica, Auct. Common in all parts of Chile. Iris brown.

Agelaius Chopi, Vieill. ‘“‘Tordo” of the natives. Iris dark brown.

Common in flocks in all parts of the country.

Chlorospiza xanthogramma, G. R. Gray. Found in valleys near

the summit of the Andes on the east and west sides. Iris brown.

Emberiza luctuosa, Gerv. Found in valleys of the Andes. Sings

delightfully in summer. Iris dark brown.

Fringilla Gayi, Eyd. and Gerv. Found near the summit of the

Andes in valleys amongst bushes. Iris reddish brown.

Muscisaxicola rufivertex, D’Orb. Found on the east and west

sides of the Andes near the snow. Iris dark brown.

Agriornis leucurus, Gould. This bird is found in the valleys

near the summit of the Andes on the east and west sides. It is

called ‘‘ Mero”’ by the natives, but differs from the ‘‘ Zcrral Mero”’

of the warmer parts of the country. Iris brown.

Pteroptochos Tarnii, G. R. Gray. This singular bird is found in

the woody parts of the Andes, and is very difficult to shoot ; its cry

is compared to the neighing of a young colt. Iris dark brown.

Caprimulgus bifasciatus, Gould. This bird is found amongst low

bushes on the eastern side of the Andes. It is known to the natives

by the names of “ Plasta” and ‘‘ Gallina Ciega,” 7. e. Blind Hen.

Iris brown.

Upucerthia dumetoria, Isid. Geoff. and D’Orb. Found amongst low

bushes and in sandy places in the elevated valleys of the eastern side

of the Andes. Iris brown.

Scytalopus fuscus,Gould. Found in hedges in various parts of Chile,

also in the Andes. It is called by the natives ‘‘ Chircan Negro,”

as the other species common in Chile is light brown. Iris brown.

Geositia canicularta, G.R.Gray. This little bird is found on the

plains near the Andes, and is called by the natives ‘‘ El Caminante,”

or Traveller, from its running before the traveller on the dry sandy

roads of the country. Iris brown.

Alcedo torquata, Auct. Found near the rivers of Chile. Iris

brown. Called by the natives ‘‘ Martin Pescador.”

Picus Magellanicus, Vig. Iris brown. This beautiful species of

Woodpecker is found in the forests of ‘‘ Roble ” in the Andes, and

may always be discovered by its singular scream or call. It is

known to the natives by the names of ‘‘ Concona” and “ Carpintero

de la Cordilliera.”’

Colaptes Chilensis, Vig. Known to the natives by the name of

“ Pitigue,”’ so called from its call or note. ‘This bird is common iu

the woods of Acacia Cavenia near the Andes, and is also found in

the valleys of the Andes in woody places. Molina says that this

bird builds its nest in holes on the ground, which is an error, as I

have found the nest in holes of trees like the rest of the genus.

‘The eggs are white. Iris pale green or gray.

Vanellus Cayenensis, Steph. This is the ‘ Queltregue” of the

natives, and is one of the most common birds found on the plains

near the Andes, also in other parts of the country. Food, worms,

locusts, &c. The eggs are excellent eating, and resemble in colour

and size those of the Lapwing of England. _ Iris purple.

Tinochorus D’Orbignyanus, Isid. Geof. St. Hilaire. ‘This is the

small Partridge of the Andes, and is called by the natives ‘‘ Perdix

Cordellierana.”’ It comes down to the plains in severe winters.

Generally found in pairs in the valleys near the summit of the An-

des. ‘The male shows the strongest attachment to his mate, and

calls her by a melancholy tone or cry when separated. They are

so tame that the natives kill them with stones, and so stupid that a

stone may be thrown at them several times before they will rise.

Iris brown.

_ Columba Boliviana, Auct. This little dove is found in small flocks

in the valleys of the Andes, and, in the winter, visits the coast. It

is known to the natives by the name of “Tortola Cordellierana.”

This is the smallest of the three species found in Chile. It makes

a whistling noise with its wings when it rises from the ground. Iris

brown.

Dafila urophasianus, Eyton. Iris brown. Found in yalleys on

the eastern side of the Andes.

Anas ? Iris brown. Found inhabiting the rapid rivers

of the Andes. This bird swims and dives against the rapidity of

the mountain torrents in a manner truly astonishing. It seldom or

never leaves the rivers of the Andes, and, like the Grebes, seldom

makes use of its wings, although when disturbed it flies a short

distance. Generally seen in pairs.

Mr. Gould made some observations on this collection, and par-

ticularly drew attention to the last species in the list, which Mr.

Bridges places in the genus Anas with a note of doubt. Mr. Gould

observed that this bird was unknown to ornithologists, and pre-

sented a most singular combination of characters. In many of its

characters it approaches the Ducks (Anatide), but in others it

evinced an affinity to the Mergansers (Mergus), especially in its long

and stiff tail-feathers, and narrow and pointed beak. It differs,

however, from either of the groups mentioned in having, in both

Sexes, a strong spur on the wing. Mr. Gould proposed for this

new bird the name Merganetta armata.

Genus MrEra@anetTTa.

Rostrum haud minis longum quam caput, rectum ; feré cylindra-

ceum, ungue apicali distincto, incurvato, at minds abrupté quam in

genere Mergus dicto. Mandibula superior lamelloso-dentata, vel

tornio crasso carneo, intis profundeé serrato, instructa ; naribus lineari-

bus feré centralibus.

Ale mediocres primariis secundo et tertio longissimis; humeris

caleare valido et acuto armatis.

Cauda, ut in mergo, rigida.

Tarsi aliquantd elongati, squamis hexagonis ad latera obtecti, et

anticé scutellis. Digiti palmati, medio quam tarsus paululam lon-

giore ; halluce libero, alté posito, et paululim lobato.

MERGANETTA aARMATA. Mas: vertice nigrescenti-fusco, strigd an-

gustd, albd cincto ; hac, lined faciali ejusdem colore, conjunctd ;

infra hanc lineam strigd nigrd angustd, ab occipite super oculum

ductd vittam nigram facialem efficiente, deinde per mediam gulam

excurrente, et super pectus totum diffusd ; capitis lateribus, sic et

collo albis, hoc apud nucham strigis nigris longitudinalibus tri-

plicitér ornato, quarum centrali latd, reliquis angustis.

Fem. : vertice et dorso saturat? cerulescenti-cinereis, sic et colli

lateribus, his albescente minute fasciatis ; genis infra oculos, guid,

gutture, et corpore subtis e rufo castaneis.

Male. Crown of the head blackish brown, surrounded by a nar-

row stripe of white which unites with another line of white running

at right angles down the sides of the face; beneath this a narrow

line of black which terminates in a point at the occiput, and running

over the eye joins a broader band of the same colour down the sides

of the face, is continued down the centre of the throat and spreads

over the chest; sides of the head and neck white, interrupted at

the back of the neck by three longitudinal stripes of black, the centre

one being broad and the lateral ones narrow; feathers of the back

and scapularies much lengthened, and conspicuously margined with

white, the centres being in some blackish brown, in others greyish

brown; wings deep grey, with a beautiful green speculum, bounded

above and below with a narrow irregular band of white, produced by

the tips of the greater wing-coverts and secondaries being tipped

with that colour; primaries brown; rump and upper tail-coverts

greyish brown, finely freckled with zigzag lines of white; centre of

the abdomen dull light chestnut brown, with a blackish brown mark

down the centre of each feather ; flanks and under tail- coverts blackish

brown ; tail brown; irides brown; bill reddish brown; feet brown.

Female. Crown of the head, back and sides of the neck dark slate

grey, the sides of the neck regularly barred with minute lines of

greyish white; the elongated feathers of the back and scapularies

margined with deep grey instead of white as in the male; lower

part of the back deep slate grey ; upper tail-coverts the same, crossed

by numerous minute bars of white; wings grey, the coverts tipped

with white ; sides of the face below the eye, throat, and all the under

surface rich reddish chestnut ; tail brown.

Total length 183 inches; bill 13; wing 7; spur 3; tail5; tar-

sus 13; middle toe 22.

The female is rather less in all her admeasurements.

The male from which the description is taken had some of the tail-

feathers white, but this would seem to have been produced by wearing

and exposure, as they were all old feathers.

Mr. Waterhouse observed, that the Fox contained in Mr, Bridges’s

Collection he felt little doubt is the Canis Azare, Pr. Max., but it

differed from the specimen figured in the ‘ Zoology of the Voyage of

the Beagle,’ in not having the black on the chin and angles of the

mouth.

December 14, 1841.

Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

‘A letter from the Society’s corresponding member, J. B. Harvey,

Esq., was read. ‘

A letter from Mr. Fraser, dated from the mouth of the river Nun,

W. Africa, August 14, 1840, was next read. In the first part of

his letter, Mr. Fraser, the naturalist to the Niger expedition, alludes

to a collection of specimens which he had formed during his passage

out, and which he had forwarded to England. ‘This collection con-

sists of three mammals, nearly fifty birds, twenty-eight reptiles,

upwards of thirty fishes, and about forty boxes, bags, &c. containing

chiefly insects and shells. The writer expresses a wish that this

collection may not be regarded as a specimen of what may be here-

after expected, since he had purposely abstained, as much as possi-

ble, from using his materials for preserving specimens until his arri-

val at the Niger.

The letter moreover contains some interesting facts relating to the

habits and habitats of certain animals. Among the skins of Mam-

malia, Mr. Fraser observes, he had forwarded a Galago which was

shot at Cape Coast, close to the town, in a tamarind tree, where he

also found its nest, built, or rather laid, in a fork formed by the

branches. The nest was composed of loose leaves. The animal

resembled the Loris gracilis, but its limbs were stouter. ‘he fol-

lowing monkeys, Mr. Fraser states, appear to be found in the neigh-

bourhood of Sierra Leone: Troglodytes niger, Colobus ursinus, Cerco-

pithecus fuliginosus, common, Cerc. Sabeus, and Cynocephalus Papio.

The banks of the beach are everywhere perforated with large round

holes, which the natives informed Mr. Fraser were inhabited by an

animal which they call the Ground-pig, which is the Aulacodus Swin-

derianus of Temminck. At Bassa, the anthor of the letter saw some

skins of Cercopithecus Diana, said to be common in that district; he

also saw a skin of an antelope, apparently the Antilope Ogilbyi,

Waterh. AtCape Coast the Cercopithecus petaurista is to be found,

and likewise the Colobus leucomeros. Skins of the last-mentioned

animal as well as of the Cercopithecus Diana were extremely plentiful

at Accra.

The following paper, by Mr. Lovell Reeve, ‘On Lingula, a genus

of Brachiopodous Mollusks,” was then read :—

“The Lingule belong to a group of Bivalve Mollusks differing

materially in their system of organization from any other of the

great tribe of Acephala. They have received the title of ‘the

Brachiopoda,’ on account of their being provided with two long

No. CVII.—Procerrpines or tHE Zoo. Soc.

spirally twisted arms, and are distinguished by other not less im-

portant particulars. The soft parts are differently arranged within

the shell from those of other Bivalves ; the valves are not united by

any ligament, and there is a very distinct change in the arrangement

and position of the breathing apparatus. Although Pallas has given

a short anatomical description of the Terebratule, it was not until

the appearance of Cuvier’s memoir on the anatomy of Lingula, that

the true characters of these remarkable animals became known ; it

was then determined that the Brachiopoda should be set apart in a

separate and distinct class. The anatomy of the Terebratule and

Orbicule has since been most elaborately set forth by Prof. Owen in

the Transactions of this Society, and agrees in all its essential par-

ticulars with that of the Lingule previously described by Cuvier ;

subject, however, to certain modifications arising from the different

situations they inhabit. The Lingule, which are provided with a

long pedicle, commonly live near the surface, and are found at low

water, partially buried in the sand for the protection of their fragile

shells against the violence of the tides ; the Terebratule, on the con-

trary, are found in deep water, attached in clusters to fragments of

rocks and corallines by a bunch of short fibrous tendons issuing

through an orifice in the shell.

«The essential points in which these animals differ from other

Bivalve Mollusks are as follow :—First, in the position of the soft

parts within the shell: in the Brachiopoda the dorsal part of the

visceral mass is against one valve, and the ventral part against the

other; whilst in most of the Tropiopoda the back is placed directly

against the hinge, and the sides against each valve. Secondly, in

being provided with a pair of retractile brachia or arms: in the

place usually occupied by the branchiz, are two long spirally twisted

arms, generally more or less fringed, and so strongly resembling

in some species the branchize of the Tropiopoda, that they were

at one time thought to be the true organs of respiration. These

retractile arms are said to be in constant activity for the purpose of

producing an inward current of water for the capture of animalcule,

and other alimentary prey. Thirdly, in the arrangement and posi-

tion of the branchie: instead of the organs of respiration being di-

stinctly formed in lateral lamellz upon the body, as in the Lamelli-

branchiate Tropiopoda, they consist of a number of beautiful veins

and arteries incorporated within the substance of the two lobes of

the mantle. ‘The calcifying organ of the Brachiopoda therefore has

a double function : in addition to its usual property of secreting the

calcareous mucus for the formation of the shell, it is made subser-

vient to the circulation of the aérated water. Prof. Owen observes,

‘that in this profuse distribution of vessels over a plain membra-

naceous surface, we perceive the simplest construction of the water-

breathing organ, presenting a beautiful analogy with the elementary

forms of the air-breathing organ in the pulmoniferous Gasteropoda.’

In consequence of this new arrangement of the respiratory system,

the title of the Brachiopoda has been changed by De Blainville for

that of the Palliobranchiata, or mantle-breathing Mollusca. The

muscular system in these animals appears to be most complex ; the

Lingule and Orbicule are provided with three pairs of muscles, and

the Terebratule have four. The large muscles are destined to open

and close the shell in the absence of a hinge ligament; and the

small ones assist in sliding one valve over the other for the admis-

sion of water.

“Until within the last few years only one species of Lingula was

known, and previous to the publication of Cuvier’s memoir, before

alluded to, the shell of this singular animal gave rise to much specu-

lation amongst naturalists. Linnzus, upon the discovery of an odd

valve of Lingula exhibiting no trace of any hinge ligament, described

it as a Patella. Both Rumphius and Favanne took it to be the

calcareous shield of a Limaz or land-slug. Chemnitz, upon finding

that the shell of Lingula was really bivalve, placed it with the Pinne;

and even Dillwyn includes it with the Mytili. Bruguiére was the

first to distinguish it by its present title in the plates of the ‘ Ency-

clopédie Méthodique,’ in which he has been followed by Cuvier, La-

marck, and all succeeding writers.

“With regard both to the situation that the Brachiopodous Mol-

lusca should occupy in the natural system, as well as the rank to

which they are entitled in the classification, authors have been much

divided. By Dumeril and De Roissy they were associated in a par-

ticular class with the Lepades, on account of a fancied resemblance

in their spirally twisted arms to the cirrous tentacula of those ani-

mals ; they differ however in not being articulated, and their relation

altogether with the Lepades is one of very remote analogy. Cuvier

distinguished them as a new and separate class, but still arranged

them next in order to the Lepades. Lamarck placed them at the end

of his ‘ Conchiferes monomyaires’ merely as a family of that order.

Prof. Owen and Deshayes both consider that they are entitled to

take the rank of an order; the latter author however admits that

there is far less affinity between the Brachiopoda and the rest of the

acephalous mollusks, than there is between the acknowledged divi-

sions of Bimuscular and Unimuscular. In the arrangement of my

‘Systematic Conchology’ I propose to adopt the still higher rank

that was assigned to them by Cuvier, namely, that of a class, placing

them according to Lamarck, at the end of the Acephala, upon the

presumption that their branchial apparatus presents a modification

of structure intermediate between that of the proximate classes, the

Tropiopoda and the Gasteropoda.

“The Lingule come with great propriety at the commencement of

the class, because they have the nearest affinity with the Tropiopoda;

their body is larger in proportion to that of the rest of the Brachio-

poda, and although the branchiz are incorporated within the sub-

stance of the mantle, they nevertheless present a certain indication

of the lamellar structure. Lamarck placed them at the end of his

family of ‘ Les Brachiopodes,’ because, in having referred the Cranie

to his fossil family of ‘ Les Rudistes,’ he found it necessary to follow

up their affinity with the Orbiculg; his arrangement of the genera

therefore is the reverse of that I have adopted.

100

“The Lingula anatina was for a long time the only species known ;

another one, the Lingula hians, was described by Swainson in his

‘ Zoological Illustrations,’ and we are indebted to Mr. Cuming for

five new ones; two, the Lingule Audebardii and semen, have been

already described by Mr. Broderip in the Transactions of this So-

ciety, and I have now the pleasure of introducing three which I

believe to be entirely new to science.

Lingua ovaris. Ling. testd angustd, elongato-ovali, glabrd quasi

politd, sarbanwetea ; apice acuminato ; valvis utrinque clausis.

Hab.

Long. 13; ; lat. = poll.

‘This shell, which approaches rather in appearance to that of the

Lingula anatina, may nevertheless be distinguished by its complete

oval form; though it is somewhat a ee at the apex, the um-

bones are much less prominent, and the valves are more compressed,

and more closely united all round.

Lincuta tumripuLta. Ling. testd corned, tenuissimd, rubro-oli-

vaced, subquadratd, versus apicem parim attenuata, umbonibus vir

prominulis ; valvis tumidulis, marginibus irregulariter reflexis.

Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandiz.

Long. 2,},; lat. 155 > poll.

Reeve, Conch. Syst. v. i. p. 180. pl. 125. f. 4.

«The shell of the Lingula tumidula differs materially, both in size

and composition, from that of any of the previously known species ;

it is considerably larger and thinner, and rather horny than calca-

reous, and the colour of it is a burnt olive-red. From the swollen

appearance of the valves I am inclined to think that the shell is

perfectly pliable and elastic during the life of the animal.

Lineuxa compressa. Ling. testd corned, tenuissimd, valdé com-

pressd, fusco-olivaced, subquadrato-ovali, versus apicem atienuatd,

umbonibus depressis, indistinctis ; valvis utringue clausis.

Hab. ad Palanam, ins. Masbate, Philippinarum.

Long. 1,8; lat. 1); poll.

‘« This curious species was found by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud at

low water at Palanas, Island of Masbate, one of the Philippines. Its

shell is of the same thin horny composition as that of the Lingula

tumidula; in fact I at first took it to be merely a local variety of that

species. Upon comparison however I feel assured that it is di-

stinct; it is more attenuated towards the apex, and from the valves

being remarkably compressed and closely united all round, I am in-

duced to suppose that the animal must be proportionably smaller.

The two specimens from which the above description is drawn do

not exhibit the pallial cilia, which Mr. Cuming’s usual care would

have protected ; they may therefore not have been exserted beyond

the margin of the valves. He did not succeed in obtaining the pe-

dicle of this species.

“Mr. Cuming exhibits on this occasion specimens of all the known

Lingule from his own collection, and I am not aware that four

101

species out of the seven exist in any other. ‘They belong to a class

ef mollusks of which few recent varieties are known, and may there-

fore be highly esteemed for their conchological interest.”

The next paper read was from Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun., and is

entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of nine species of the genus Pupina.”

Gen. Purina, Vignard.

Molluscum terrestre.

Testa subcylindrica, vitrea, nitidissima, anfractibus quinque ad sex,

penultimo inflato, ultimo paululim coarctato; apertura circulari,

margine crasso, reflexo, ad basin columelle inciso, vel emargi-

nato.

Operculum corneum, spirale.

The glassy enamel, which gives a brilliant polish to the small,

terrestrial shells composing this genus, seems to distinguish them

even from those species of Cyclostoma which most nearly resemble

them, in having a pupiform shape, and a notch at the base of the

columella. The question has been asked, ‘‘ Why not make this

marginal notch the criterion of the genus?’ The answer is found

in the following facts: first, the notch is found in Cyclostomata,

which have no other character in common with Pupine ; second,

that several Cyclostomata have a canal at the lower part of the whorl,

which if continued would form a similar notch; third, that our

Pupina lubrica, which could scarcely be separated from the genus,

has but a very slight emargination.

The first species described under this generic name was P. Ke-

raudrenii, published by Vignard in the ‘ Annales des Sciences,’ 1829.

Mr. Grateloup subsequently described P. Nunezii under the ge-

neric name Moulinsia, neither of these naturalists heing acquainted

with the operculum.

All the species here described, with the exception of P. antiquata

and P. Keraudrenii, were recently brought to this country by Mr.

Cuming from the Philippines.

* Species spira axe retrorso.

Purina Nunezu. Moulinsia Nunezii, Grateloup, Ann. Soc.

Linn. Bordeaux, 1840. P. Nunezii, Sow. jun., Thesaurus Con-

chyliorum, part 1.f. 8,9, 10,11. Published May 1842. Testa

globosa, obliqua ; aperturd magnd, margine valid? expanso, reflexo,

complanato, incisurd triangulari penitis diviso; labio columellari

concavo : anfractu ultimo prope aperturam subcomplanato.

Long. °50; lat.°35 poll.

Hab. ad insulas Samar, Luzon, Catanduanus et Siquijor, Philip-

pinarum.

Var. a. Fusca margine flavido. Samar.

Var. 6. Flavida, margine aurantiaco. Albay, ins. Luzon.

Var. c. Fulva rufescens. Ins. Catanduanus.

Var. d. Alba, prope aperturam purpureo-cincta, margine flavido.

Ins. Leyte.

More globose than any other species, the spire turned backwards,

102

the penultimate whorl elevated, the last whorl flattened in front, the

incision of the peritreme deep, the columella grooved, varying in

colour from bright orange to cream-white and dark brown; the

margin always either orange or yellow. Found on leaves of small

plants and low bushes in several of the Philippine Islands.

Purina PELLUCIDA, Sow. jun., Thesaurus Conch. part 1. f. 18,

19, 20. Testa obliqua, subglobosa, pellucida, spire axe valde

retrorso, anfractu penultimo elevato, ultimo complanato margine

reflexo, incisurd diviso ; columelld latd convead.

Long. ‘30; lat. +20 poll.

Hab, ad insulas Luzon et Zebu, Philippinarum.

Var. a. Fulva. Daleguete, ins. Zebu.

Var. 6. Grisea fulvescens, minor. Bongabon, ins. Luzon.

Smaller, more transparent, and with the spire more bent than the

last ; the outer lip less expanded, the notch completely dividing the

peritreme, and the columella convex. Found on small plants in

woods.

* * Spira pené recta.

Purrna LuBRIcA, Sow. jun., Thesaurus Conch. part 1. f. 12 to 16.

Testa subobliqua, cylindrica ; spird brevi obtusa, apertura rotun-

datd ; margine antic? subexpanso, paululim incrassato, ad basin

columelle viz emarginato ; columella callosd.

Long. °35 ; lat. °25 poll.

Hab. ad insulas Panay, Siquijor, et Luzon, Philippinarum.

Var. a. Fulva. Ins. Panay.

Var. b. Fulva, minor. Ins. Siquijor.

Var. c. Alba, translucida. Ins. Siquijor.

Var. d. Grisea fulvescens. Ins. Luzon.

Var. e. Alba. Calauang, Laguna, ins. Luzon.

In this species the notch is scarcely perceptible, and there is a

rounded callosity behind the columellar lip. The inner lip is thick-

ened on the body whorl. Found in dense woods on small plants.

Purina virrea, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. f.6,7. TT. sub-

elongata, recta, anfractibus subrotundatis, margine expanso,reflexo,

complanato, incisurd diviso.

Long. °50; lat. *25 poll.

Hab. Ins. Mindinao et Luzon, Philippinarum.

Var. a. Fulva, margine luteo. Albay, ins. Luzon.

Var... Fulva, margine aurantiaco. Cagayan, pr. Misamis, ins.

Mindinao.

The spire is straight and elevated, gradually tapering towards the

obtuse apex; the peritreme is expanded and flattened, the notch

deep.

Purina siMiLis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. f. 4,5. Testa

fulva, subelongata, recta, anfractibus subrotundatis, margine pal-

lide fulvo, expanso, reflexo, rotundato, crasso, incisurd usque ad

dorsum diviso.

Long. 45; lat. -26 poll.

103

Hab. Bolino, provinciam Zambales, ins. Luzon.

Resembling P. vitrea, but the margin not flattened, and the notch

so deep that it is seen at the back of the shell. Found on leaves

of bushes and trunks of trees in the island of Luzon.

Purina rxicua, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 17. Testa parva,

translucida, alba, cylindrica ; anfractu penultimo inflato ; mar-

gine aperture paululim incrassato, incisurd diviso.

Long. ‘26; lat. 16 poll.

Hab. St. Nicholas, ins. Zebu, Philippinarum.

This small, transparent white species has the margin very little

thickened, and the notch deep. Found on small plants.

* ** Spira recta, apertura bicanaliculata.

Purina HumiLis, Jaquenot, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. f. 2.

Testa ovalis, solida, pallide lutea, anfractibus subrotundatis, ulti-

mo prope aperturam paululim complanato ; aperturd rotundatd,

margine crasso, expanso, reflexo; labio interno crasso, postice pli-

cato; columella crassd, latd, tortuosd, reflexd ; incisurd ad dorsum

lata.

Long. ‘60; lat. °40 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This being a dead shell has lost the brilliancy of the enamel. The

teeth or folds at the posterior part of the inner and outer lips form

a very distinct canal. The columella is tortuous and turned back-

wards, and the notch is seen at the back like the canal of a Buc-

cinum.

Purina Keravprentt, Vignard, Sow. jun.,’Uhes. Conch. part 1. i ee

Testa parva, cylindrica, griseo-rufescens ; spird obtusd rectd ;

aperturd parvd, margine incisurd diviso ; labio externo leviter

incrassato, postice subplicato ; labio interno plicato.

Long. *30 ; lat. °15 poll.

Hab. Manilla and Singapore ? Mus. Stainforth, Sowerby.

A pupiform species with a posterior canal.

Purina BICANALICULATA, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. fig. 1.

Testa parva, ovalis, alba, translucida ; anfractibus ventricosis ;

apertura magnd, margine subexpanso, subincrassato, ad basin

columelle inciso ; labio interno postice plicato.

Long. *26; lat. -16 poll.

Hab. St. Nicholas, ins. Zebu, Philippinarum.

This species differs from P. Keraudrenii in shape, being more ven-

tricose, having a tapering spire, and a very strong fold on the inner

lip. Found on small plants in the island of Zebu.

The following paper, entitled ‘‘Descriptions of four species of

the genus Chiton, brought by H. Cuming, Esq. from the Philippine

Islands,” also by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun., was then read :—

Cuiton putcuerrimus. Ch. Testd ovali, angulatd, ad dorsum ele-

vatd, pallide subviridi, fasciis binis rubris distantibus dorsalibus,

104

maculis rubris dorsalibus et lateralibus nonnullas intus viridi ; areis

centralibus longitudinaliter foveolatim sulcatis ; areis lateralibus

prominentibus, utrinque granulatim tricostatis ; areis terminalibus

costis moniliformibus numerosis radiatis ; margine minute squa-

moso, maculis rubris fasciato.

Long. °95 ; lat.°55 poll.

Hab. Gindulman, ins. Bohol, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

The few specimens of this shell which have been brought in fine

condition present an appearance cf exquisite finish and great beauty,

both in sculpture and colouring. They were found in the crevices

of rocks at low water.

Cuiton LaqueEatus. Ch. tesid ovata, depressd, granulatd, pallideé

Sulvad vel viridescente, purpureo et viridi maculata ; costd dorsali

purpured, sublevi ; valvd prima costis quinque laqueatd ; valvis

medianis unicostatis ad laiera quadratis ; valva ultima valde de-

pressd, margine lato, irregulariter rugoso, rubro, viridi, alboque

maculato. Vuriat testa angustiore, margine rosed.

Long. *55 ; lat. °45 poll.

Hab. Calapan, ins. Mindoro, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

Remarkable for the character of the first valve, which is broadly

fluted by five radiating ribs. The four or five central valves, in

several specimens, are nearly covered by a dark purple colour, the

two last patched with green, and the first nearly white, but subject

to some variations. Found in coarse sand among small stones at a

depth of nine fathoms.

Cuiton Fioccatus. Ch. testd ovali depressd, anticé ungustatd,

pallide fulvd ; nigro, fusco, viridi, roseoque maculatd: valvis

terminalibus radiatim sulcatis, valvis medianis utringue unicos-

tatis, areis centralibus longitudinaliter sulcatis ; areis lateralibus

granulatis, marginibus serratis ; valvd terminali obtuse elevatd ;

margine rubro vel fusco, maculis et punctis albis fasciato.

Long. °80; lat. -45 poll.

Hab. Cagayan, Misamis, ins. Mindinao, Philippinarum. H. Cu-

ming legit.

This species is found at Mindinao, under stones at low water, and

at Calapan on small stones, at a depth of fifteen fathoms. The mar-

gin is sprinkled with white patches resembling flakes of snow, on a

reddish brown ground. :

Cuiton Luzonicus. Ch. testd ovali, angulatd, stramined, viridi

longitudinaliter strigatd: valvarum areis terminalibus et latera-

libus radiatim granulatis ; areis centraiibus acuté longitudinaliter

sulcatis, margine sublevi.

Long. °35 ; lat.°20 poll.

Hab. Sorsogon, pr. Albay, ins. Luzon, Philippinarum. H. Cu-

ming legit.

This small and apparently insignificant shell is very sharply

ribbed in the central areas, and presents a very nicely sculptured

surface when viewed through a magnifying glass. The specimens

were taken on dead shells at a depth of fifteen fathoms.

105

Mr. Waterhouse laid before the Meeting his descriptions of nume-

rous species of Coleopterous insects from the southern parts of

South America, which had been placed in his hands for that purpose

by H. Cuming, Esq. and C. Darwin, Esq. Those from Mr. Cuming

formed part of a collection made by Mr. Thomas Bridges, who ex-

pressed a wish that the specimens should be laid before the Zoolo-

gical Society. Unfortunately, the exact localities of the insects are

not mentioned in Mr. Bridges’s notes, but there is reason to believe

they were collected in the neighbourhood of Petorca. The species

described belong to the genera Nyctelia and Listroderes, or are nearly

allied to those two groups.

Section HETEROMERA.

Family Nycrexip2.

Genus Nycreia.

Species from the collection of Thomas Bridges, Esq.

Nycrezia L&yis. Nyct. atra, nitida ; capite anticé punctis sparsis

notato ; thorace mediocriter convexo, latiore plusquam longo, parte

anticd angustiore, ad latera modicé rotundato, margine anteriore,

pilis brevibus flavescentibus fimbriato, angulis et anticis et posticis

productis et subacutis, dorso punctis parvulis dispersis: elytris

levibus convevis, brevibus, ovatis, apice producto et subacuto ; ca-

rind laterali crenulatd ; segmentis abdominalibus rugis irregula-

ribus longitudinaliter impressis.

Long. corp. 113 lin. ; lat. 62; lat. thoracis, 42; long. ib. 23.

Black and glossy ; general form ovate ; thorax and elytra convex

above, and presenting no distinct sculpturing. Head with scattered

punctures in front, smooth behind. Thorax with very fine scattered

punctures, and these most numerous on the fore part: parallel with,

and at a short distance from the lateral margins of the thorax is an

indistinct line on each side, formed by the somewhat abrupt termi-

nation of the convex discoidal portion at this part ; the space between

this line and the outer margin is nearly plane, and presents a few

indistinct irregular ruge, having a tendency to a transverse dispo-

sition. The thorax is broader than long, the width to the length

bearing very nearly the proportion of 8 to 5; the middle of the thorax

and hindermost part are about equal in width, but from the middle

to the front the width gradually decreases ; in front it is emarginated,

and the anterior margin is furnished with a fringe of short, dense,

yellowish hairs; the posterior margin presents an undulating line,

encroaching on the body of the thorax on each side about midway

between the mesial line and the posterior angle, which is produced.

The elytra are very convex, and nearly of an ovate form; they are

widest in the middle, and the apical portion is produced ; the lateral

keel (which forms the outer boundary of each elytron, viewing the

insect from above) is not very prominent, and is indistinctly crenu-

lated : this ridge does not extend to the apex of the elytron, but ter-

minates about two and a half lines from that point: between the

106

apex and the terminal point of the keel is an oblique ridge: the su-

tural portion of the elytra is distinctly indented near the scutellum,

and less distinctly so at other parts. 'The mentum is coarsely punc-

tured: the prosternum and mesosternum are coarsely punctured in

the middle, and the punctures are confluent: the metasternum has

small and somewhat irregular longitudinal ruge in the middle, and

similar ruge are observable on the first, second, and anterior half of

the third abdominal segments. The legs are black, but the tip of

the femora and base of the tibiz are pitchy.

Very many specimens of this species were sent to this country by

Mr. Bridges, and as I have reason to believe they will be distributed

in most of the public and private entomological collections, I shall

regard it as a type for comparison in describing some other species

of the same genus.

NycTELIA L&VIS, var. RUFIPES. Many specimens of a Nyctelia

agreeing with the N. levis, but differing in having the legs and an-

tenne of a pitchy red colour, were contained in Mr. Bridges’s collec-

tion. Of these red-legged specimens, as well as of those having the

legs concolorous with the body, there are males and females ; but the

red-legged specimens are generally rather narrower, and often have

a slight trace of transverse depressions on the outer side of the elytra ;

the difference of form and sculpturing, however, is not constantly

combined with the red colouring of the legs and antenne, and as in

some other species of Nyctelia and. Epipedonota I have found a similar

difference in the colouring of the legs, &c., I cannot regard that

character as specific.

NYcTELIA TRANSVERSO-sULCATA. Nyct.atra, nitida ; capite antice

sparsim punctato : elytris vix dupld latioribus quam longis, antice

potiusquam postice angustioribus, angulis productis, subacutis :

elytris mediocriter convexis, brevibus, ovatis, apice producto, sulcis

haud ad medium attingentibus, profundis et levitér undulatis, trans-

versim insculptis ; segmentis abdominalibus fere levibus.

Long. corp. 9 lin.; lat. 54.

This species is smaller than the N. Jevis, and the thorax and

elytra are less convex. ‘The head has a few scattered punctures in

front, and numerous very fine punctures on the hinder part, near

the eyes; the remaining portions are smooth. ~The thorax is im-

punctate, but little convex above, and has two indistinct fovez on

each side near the posterior angles, and joining the hinder margin.

The elytra are ovate and slightly convex ; the apical portion is pro-

duced, and has the outer margin slightly reflected : the lateral keel

of the elytra is very prominent, and distinctly crenulated : extending

inwards from this keel, to about the middle of the elytron, are a series

of transverse and slightly irregular grooves, about fourteen in num-

ber, on each elytron; the length of these grooves (the interstices of

which are convex) varies so, that they all terminate nearly at the

same distance from the suture. On the space between these trans-

verse sulci and the suture are two longitudinal striz, which are some-

what indistinct, and interrupted in parts, excepting on the apical

107

portion of the elytron, where the innermost of the two striz is well

marked, and the suture of the elytra is at this part somewhat ele-

vated. Numerous oblique furrows are observable on the produced

apical portion of the elytra. The portion of the elytra which lies

below the keel presents no distinct sculpturing. ‘The abdominal

segment presents scarcely any trace of longitudinal ruge. The legs

are black, but have a slightly pitchy hue.

Species of Nyctelia from the collection formed by C. Darwin, Esq.,

during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle.

Nycrezia pricata. Nyct. ovata, nigra, nitida; capite anteriore

crebre punctato, posteriore fere levi; thorace transverso, elytris

angustiore ; angulis posticis productis, obtusis, supra ad medium

pauld convexo, et crebré punctato ; elytris latis, subovatis, convezis,

sulcis profundis transversalibus, a margine externo feré ad sutu-

ram ductis, plagd suturali profunde indentatd.

Long. corp. (¢) 138 lin.; lat. 74; vel, long. 114 lin., lat. 64 lin.

Long. corp. (2) 122 lin., lat. 73 lin.

Hab. Port Desire.

This species is considerably larger than N. /evis; the thorax is

proportionately broader and shorter, and the produced apical portion

of the elytra is dilated and depressed. The head is thickly punc-

tured in front, and there are numerous punctures at the sides above

and behind the eyes. The thorax is about twice as broad as long;

the broadest part is behind, but till anterior to the middle it scarcely

decreases in width ; from the middle to the fore-part the transverse

diameter is gradually lessened, so that the lateral margins form a

gentle curve ; the anterior portion is emarginated, and the posterior

margin is rather strongly sinuated; the anterior angles are acute,

and the posterior angles are rounded. The upper surface of the

thorax is convex in the middle, but towards the sides it is slightly

concave; it is thickly punctured, and the punctures are many of

them confluent; on the disc the punctures are much less numerous.

The elytra are about one-fourth broader than the thorax (rather less

in the male sex), and about one-fourth longer than broad; they are

very convex, indented at the suture, and furnished with a series of

nearly transverse indentations, about eighteen or twenty in number,

which commence at the lateral keel and terminate about one-eighth

of an inch short of the suture; the space between these transverse

folds and the suture is apparently smooth; but with a moderately

strong lens some very minute tubercles may be observed scattered

on this part, as well as on the interspaces of the transverse indenta-

tions, which are about equal in width to the grooves: the apical

portion of the elytra is considerably produced, and the produced part

is broad and somewhat depressed, and has the upper surface rugose.

The mentum is coarsely punctured, and the under side of the head is

thickly punctured : the prosternum is coarsely punctured in the mid-

dle, and has some irregular ruge at the sides; at the lateral margin

is a series of small transverse ruge : the mesosternum and metaster-

num have irregular rugz in the middle, and the two first and half of

108

the third abdominal segments have small irregular longitudinal ruge ;

the remaining two abdominal segments are finely punctured.

Nycretia Sourert. Nyct. ovata, nigra, nitida ; capite antice punc-

tato, postice levi; thorace transverso, elytris angustiore ; angulis

posticis productis, supra apud medium pauld convexo, et levi ; ely-

tris antice apud plagam suturalem leviter impressis, et sulcis

transversis paulo irregularibus a margine laterali fere ad suturam

ductis.

Long. corp. 11? lin. ; lat. 62 lin.

Hab. Patagonia.

This species resembles the N. plicata, but differs in having the

thorax smooth; the elytra are rather narrower, and the apical pro-

duced part is shorter and broader; they are scarcely indented at the

suture, excepting in a slight degree towards the scutellum; the

transverse folds are less regular, often dividing into two branches,

and approach more near to the suture. A transverse section of

the elytra of N. plicata would present a convex upper surface near

the suture, but at the part where the grooves commence the line

would be straight (though sloping downwards to the lateral keel),

or even slightly concave; whilst in N. Soliert a similar section

would present an even convex curve. Scattered punctures are ob-

servable on the fore-part of the head, and a shallow transverse de-

pression is situated between the eyes; the thorax is nearly twice as

broad as long, convex in the middle, but slightly concave towards

the lateral margins: with a moderately strong lens some minute

punctures are visible, rather thinly scattered over the surface. The

elytra are ovate, the length to the width bearing about the propor-

tion of 7 to 9.

Nycrezia Darwinit. Nyct. brevitér ovata, conveva, nigra, nitida ;

capite subpunctato ; thorace pauld ad partem anteriorem quam

posticam angustiore, levi, convexo ; elytris subrotundatis, valde

convexis, levibus, marginibus lateralibus crenulatis.

Long. corp. 112 lin.; lat. 8 lin. ; vel, long. 11 lin. ; lat. 73 lin.

Hab. Port Desire.

This species is remarkable for its broad and very convex form and

deficiency of sculpturing, having the upper surface of the thorax and

elytra smooth and glossy. The head is finely punctured : the thorax

is twice as broad as long, and convex; a groove runs parallel with

and close to the lateral margins, and a similar groove is observable

on the anterior margin, though here it is less strongly marked.

Elytra rather more than one-third broader than the thorax, and the

length and breadth are very nearly equal, if we exclude the produced

apical portion, which is broad, depressed, and nearly of a semicircular

form. The lateral keel is distinctly crenulated, and separated by

an adpressed line. The underside of the thoracic segments are ru-

gose in the middle, and the first and second abdominal segments

have irregular longitudinal ruge ; the third segment presents a faint

trace of similar ruge at the base ; the other segments are smooth.

109

The spines at the apex of the posterior tibize are longer than usual

in the genus.

Nyctelia Darwinii, var.? minor (long. corp. 82; lat. 63); elytris

rotundatis apice pauld producto et angustiore.

Hab. Port Desire.

Nycrevia FitzRoy, Curtis, MSS. Nyct. subrotunda, convexa,

nigra, nitida; capite utrinque punctis paucis adsperso ; thorace

levi, convexo, antice latiore, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris rotun-

datis, ad apicem productis, convexis, levibus, margine externo

crenulato ; antennis pedibusque piceo-rubris.

Long. corp. 104 lin. ; lat. 8 lin.

Hab. Port Desire.

This species was first discovered by Capt. King, and will be here-

after described in detail by Mr. Curtis, whose MS. name I have

adopted. Two specimens were found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire :

it approaches very near in size and general characters to N. Darwinii,

but differs in having red legs and antenne, in being of a broader

form, in having the legs less rough, the lateral keel of the elytra less

prominent, and not so distinctly crenulated, and the spurs or spines

at the apex of the posterior tibiz are much smaller. The length of

the elytra is rather less than the width, if the produced apical portion

be omitted; and if included in the measurement, the length very

slightly exceeds the width; they are very convex and smooth, and

so is the thorax, which is twice as broad as long, and considerably

narrower before than behind. ‘The head is sparingly punctured.

Nycreta GranuLata, Curtis, MSS. Nyct. atra, nitida, subro-

tundata ; capite transversim impresso, anticé punctato ; thorace sub-

quadrato, ad latera crenulato, supra convexo, levi; elytris rotun-

datis, apice pauld productis, supra convexis, ad suturam depressis,

rugis validis et irregularibus obsitis, his in dorso plerumque lon-

gitudinalibus et prope latera oblique dispositis.

Long. corp. 8+ lin. ; lat. 6 lin.

Hab. Cape Negro.

This, together with several nearly allied and very remarkable spe-

cies of Nyctelia, occurs in Capt. King’s collection, and will be here-

after characterized in detail by Mr. Curtis. The specimen from

which the above short description is taken forms part of Mr. Darwin’s

collection, and was found at Cape Negro. The legs are very rough,

being thickly covered with tubercles, and they are shorter than in

most of the species of Nyctelia. The whole upper surface of the

elytra is covered with rugz, and these are very strongly marked, and

though very irregular, they have a general longitudinal direction on

the depressed space on the middle of the elytra. This sutural de-

pression, which is about two lines in width, is bounded on each side

by a broad and slightly elevated ridge; between this ridge and the

outer margin the rugz have a tendency to form oblique lines. A

few fine punctures are observable on the fore-part of the thorax, and

on the sides are two grooves placed closely together, and parallel

110

with and near the lateral margin; the narrow ridge between the

two grooves, as well as the marginal ridge, is crenulated.

Nycretia PuncTicoLuis. Nyct. ovata, atra, nitida ; thorace di-

stincté et crebré punctato ; elytris tuberculis minutis, et ad latera

rugis transversis irregularitér impressis, his non forte distinetis.

Long. corp. 93 lin. ; lat. 6 lin.

Hab. Bahia Blanca.

This species is rather smaller than the N. Zevis, and has the tho-

rax and elytra less convex. The head is rather thickly and coarsely

punctured, excepting on the vertex. The thorax is thickly and

coarsely punctured, and the punctures are for the most part con-

fluent ; a distinctly impressed line runs parallel with and close to the

margins; the lateral margins are obscurely crenulated. ‘The elytra

are of a broad ovate form, and the apical produced portion is convex

and rounded at the apex. ‘The lateral keel of the elytra is distinctly

crenulated, and transverse shallow furrows run inwards from this

margin, leaving interspaces rather broader than the furrows, which,

for the most part, are about a line, or rather less, in length. On

the interspaces between the furrows, and the whole upper surface

of the elytra, are very minute scattered tubercles; these are very

indistinct towards the suture, near which are one or two very faint

strie. The labrum is coarsely punctured, and the underside of the

head is also punctured. ‘The under surface of the prothorax is

covered with small tubercles, from each of which springs a hair;

between the legs, the under side of the prothorax and mesothorax

is coarsely punctured. The first, second and third of the abdominal

segments are covered with distinct longitudinal rug, and the apical

segments are punctured beneath.

Several specimens of this species were collected at Bahia Blanca

by Mr. Darwin, who says they are ‘tolerably abundant on sand-

hillocks.’. A Nyctelia in Mr. Darwin’s collection, from Rio Negro,

resembles the present species, excepting that it has pitchy red legs

and antenne.

Nycrenia sussutcatTa. Nyct. ovata, atra; thorace transverso

distincté punctato ; elytris rugis tuberculisque minutissimis ; sulcis

transversis aliquanto irregularibus ad latera insculptis.

Long. thoracis elytrorumque, 94 lin. ; lat. 52 lin.

Hab. Mendoza.

This species is very closely allied to the N. puncticollis, and it is

with considerable hesitation that I venture to describe it as distinct,

more especially as Mr. Darwin’s collection contains but one speci-

men, and that has lost its head and legs; this specimen, however,

differs considerably in form from any of the numerous examples of

N. puncticollis which I have before me. The thorax is narrower

and less thickly punctured; the elytra are more elongated, and the

lateral transverse grooves are more distinct and regular.

The thorax is transverse, and the length is equal to rather more

than half the width; the middle and hinder parts are very nearly

equal in width, and the anterior portion is contracted ; the surface is

111

distinctly punctured, and there are two irregular fovez on each side

of the middle, rather nearer to the mesial line than the outer margin.

The elytra are one-fourth longer than broad ; the apical portion is

moderately produced and somewhat pointed: the whole upper sur-

face of the elytra is covered with very minute ruge, and there are

moreover some minute tubercles; on the outer half of each elytron

is a series of transverse furrows, with convex interspaces equal in

width to the furrows.

Nycrexia Saunpersu. Nyct. atra, oblongo-ovata, nitida ; thorace

punctato ; elytris sulcis transversis pauld irregularibus a margine

laterali usque ad medium ductis.

Long. corp. 74 lin. ; lat. 4 lin.

Hab. Bahia Blanca.

Head distinctly punctured in front. Thorax rather coarsely punc-

tured, excepting on the disc, which is almost impunctate ; emargi-

nated in front, the emarginated portion in the form of a segment of

a circle; the lateral margin slightly rounded. The hinder part of

the thorax and the middle are equal in width ; the fore-part is shghtly

contracted. The elytra are ovate, and but little convex ; they are

depressed at the suture, most distinctly so near the scutellum. The

lateral keel is very prominent, and extending from this keel to the

middle of the elytron are distinct transverse furrows, the interspaces

of which are convex, and about equal in width to the grooves. The

apical portion of the elytra is moderately produced. The three basal

segments of the abdomen, as well as the metasternum, are covered

with slightly irregular longitudinal ruge: the terminal segment is

punctured. The prosternum and mesosternum are coarsely punc-

tured, and the punctures are confluent.

This is a small species compared with N. Jevis (being about the

size of N. nodosa) ; its form is more elongated and much less convex.

The lateral margins of the thorax form an even curve from the front

to the back.

The specimens from which the above description is drawn up were

found by Mr. Darwin in the month of September, on the sandy

plains of Bahia Blanca.

Nycrewia rugosa. Nyct. nigra, opaca, ovata; thorace distinct?

punctato ; elytris valde rugosis, sulcis duobus, suturam prope, lon-

gitudinalibus et interruptis, impressis.

Long. corp. 73; lat. 43.

Hab. San Blas (near Rio Negro) and Bahia Blanca.

This, which is a small species compared with N. levis, approaches

that species in general form, but the thorax and elytra are less con-

vex. The head is coarsely punctured in front. The thorax is coarsely

punctured, and the punctures are numerous, excepting on the disc :

a groove runs parallel with and close to the margins, but at the

posterior margin it is interrupted in the middle. The elytra are

convex, and of a short ovate form, and the apical portion is but little

produced ; their width is about one-fifth less than the length: the

whole upper surface is covered with coarse and very irregular ruge.

" YY2

Four somewhat interrupted and irregular striz run parallel with and

near the suture, and there are two abbreviated oblique striz near the

scutellum. Besides the ordinary ruge of the elytra, there are more

marked ruge, which, though very irregular, have a tendency to a

transverse disposition, and these cover the outer half of each elytron.

The prothorax is punctured beneath and rugose between the legs, as

well as the mesosternum and metasternum. ‘The three basal seg-

ments of the abdomen are covered with fine but distinct rugz, and

though these rugz, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction,

they are much more irregular than in most species of the genus.

The two terminal segments are punctured, but in the penultimate

segment the punctures are very few in number, and confined to the

sides. The spines at the apex of the anterior tibize are more slender

and proportionately longer than in N. /evis.

Besides the two specimens, one from Bahia Blanca and the other

rather further south (San Blas), Mr. Darwin’s collection contains a

specimen from Tierra del Fuego which is smaller (length 62 lin.,

width 32 lines) and proportionately narrower; but these differences

are combined with a greater length of tarsus, and are precisely such

differences as exist between the sexes of other species; in fact, it is

no doubt the male of the insect from which the above description is

taken.

Nycrevia Westwooprt. Nyct. brevitér ovata, nitida, atra ; capite

subpunctato ; thorace transverso, postice pauld latiore quam antice,

leviter convexo, levi, margine laterali imperspicue crenulato ; ely-

tris ovatis, profunde striatis, interstitiis convewis, striis utrinque

_ad suturam duabus longitudinalibus, striis reliquis obliquis.

Long. corp. 74 lin. ; lat. 43 lin.

Hab. Port Desire.

Head with a few punctures in front. Thorax convex, about twice

as broad as long, with the middle and hinder parts about equal in

width, and the fore-part contracted; the anterior part emarginated,

the emarginated portion in the form of a segment of a circle; the

hinder margin but slightly waved; a distinct groove runs close to

the anterior and lateral margins, which latter are crenulated. Elytra

short and rounded ; the length and width equal, if the produced apical

portion be omitted in the measurement; the apex is moderately

produced : the whole surface of the elytra is covered with deep strie,

leaving convex interspaces which are scarcely broader than the

grooves; on each side of, and parallel with the suture, are two of

these striz; the remaining grooves are oblique, and for the most

part converge towards the apical portion of the elytra: on the sides

of the elytra, and more especially towards the apex, the grooves have

a tendency to a transverse disposition. The mentum is very coarsely

punctured, and there are some distinct punctures on the sides of the

head beneath. The prothorax presents a few large scattered punc-

tures beneath, some short irregular (but for the most part transverse)

ruge at the lateral margin, and some longitudinal ruge near the base

of the legs; between the legs the prosternum has some confluent

113

punctures; the mesosternum and metasternum have irregular ruge,

and the three first abdominal segments have minute longitudinal

furrows; the penultimate segment is smooth, and the apical one is

finely punctured, but the punctures are by no means numerous.

The legs and antenne are rather shorter than usual in the genus.

Nycrerra Sreruensi. Nyct. atra, nitida, levis ; thorace subqua-

drato; elytris rotundato-ovatis, convexis, carind laterali promi-

nenti et crenulttd ; elytrorum apicibus productis latis et subcom-

planatis.

Long. corp. 7 lin. ; lat. 43 lin.

Hab. St. Cruz.

Head with scattered punctures in front. Thorax transverse, the

width being rather less than double the length ; the upper surface is

but little convex; the anterior and posterior margins are nearly

straight, but the anterior angles are produced and the posterior an-

gles are slightly produced. The width of the fore and hind parts

of the thorax is nearly equal, it being but slightly narrower in front,

and the sides deviate but little from a straight line; a faint dorsal

channel is observable, and a groove runs parallel with and close to

the lateral and anterior margins. With the assistance of a strong

lens, minute punctures may be observed scattered over the upper

surface of the thorax, and some minute tubercles on the under.

The elytra are convex, and of a short rounded form, the width and

length being very nearly equal, if we do not include the produced

apical portion, which is more dilated than in most of the genus, and

is nearly flat. A groove runs close to and parallel with the lateral

keel, both above and below, and this keel is distinctly crenulated.

The upper surface of the elytra presents numerous indistinct and very

shallow fovez. The abdominal segments are almost smooth. The

legs are proportionately rather longer than in N. levis.

Mr. Darwin found this species at St. Cruz in the month of April.

Nycrezia Newrortu. Nyct. elongato-ovata, nigra, nitida ; capite

transverse impresso ; thorace lato plus quam longo, lateribus rotun-

datis; antice et postice latitudine compari; superne minime convexo,

impunctato, ad latera rugis parvulis obliquis ; elytris ovatis, levi-

. bus, plagd suturali valdé impressis, marginibus lateralibus crenu-

dati.

Hab. Patagonia.

Long. corp. 10 lin.; lat. 6 lin. ‘

This species is rather smaller than N. levis, and differs moreover

in being of a more eiongated form, and most especially in the form

of the thorax, which is narrower and nearly equal in width, in front

and behind : the apical portion of the elytra is much less produced,

and the produced portion is broader. The head is sparingly punc-

tured at the sides, and has a curved impression, the chord of which

is rather in front of the insertion of the antenne. The thorax nearly

one-third broader than long (taking the length from the anterior

and posterior angles); it is broadest in the middle, and a trifle nar-

114

rower in front than behind ; the lateral margins form an even curve ;

the anterior part is emarginated, the emarginated portion being in

the form of a segment of a circle, and a little less than a semicircle :

the anterior angles acute, and the posterior angles form very nearly

right angles: the hinder margin of the thorax is nearly straight, but

the line descends slightly towards the angles. The surface of the

thorax is very little convex, and almost impunctate, there being but

a few scattered very minute punctures ; on the sides, running inwards

and upwards, are a series of minute grooves, like scratches, and on

the hinder margin a faint trace of very short longitudinal grooves

is visible. The elytra are ovate, convex, smooth, and glossy; the

region of the suture is broadly and rather deeply depressed; the

lateral keel is prominent and distinctly crenulated, and joining this

keel are a series of shortish transverse furrows. ‘The under sur-

face of the body and thoracic segments is remarkable for the almost

total want of sculpturing, if we except some longitudinal furrows

on the under side of the prothorax at the sides.

The exact habitat of the specimen from which the above descrip-

tion is taken is not known, but in Mr. Darwin’s collection is a spe-

cimen which I am inclined to regard as specifically identical, and

which is from St. Julian. It has the elytra proportionately rather

broader and the thorax narrower, and the short longitudinal furrows

on the hinder margin of the thorax are distinct ; the sutural portion

of the elytra is less depressed.

Nycretia Guerinu. Nyct. atra, nitida, ovata ; capite transversim

impresso ; thorace subquadrato in medio pauld dilatato, antice

emarginato, postice fere recto ; ad marginem lateralem sulcis mi-

nutis valde obliquis insculpto ; elytris ovatis, convexis, ad apicem

pauld productis, ad latera rugis transversis in seriebus tribus

dispositis.

Long. corp. 95 lin.; lat. 53 lin.

Hab. St. Cruz.

Rather smaller than N. levis. Head with small punctures very

thinly scattered over the upper surface, and with a transverse im-

pression rather in front of the line of the eyes. Thorax subqua-

drate, the breadth not quite equal to twice the length; the emar-

ginated portion in front in the form of a segment of a circle; the

hinder margin nearly straight; the posterior angles scarcely pro-

duced, and forming nearly right angles; the anterior angles acute.

‘The thorax is contracted in front, broadest in the middle, and the

lateral margin from the middle to the posterior angles forms nearly

a Straight line: on the hinder part of the upper surface are some

extremely minute punctures, and at the sides are some small ob-

lique grooves. ‘The elytra are ovate and moderately convex, and

the apical portion is but little produced; the region of the suture

is very slightly indented: the sides of the elytra are covered with

transverse grooves having narrow convex interspaces ; these grooves

extend inwards to about the middle of each elytron, and are arranged

in three series, being divided by two longitudinal lines ; the innermost

115

series is indistinct: the lateral keel is distinctly crenulated. The

mentum is distinctly punctured ; the prosternum, as well as the other

thoracic segments, and the abdominal segments, have the usual

sculpturing, but it is less strong than usual.

It is with some hesitation that I name this insect, since it ap-

proaches very near to the N. Newportii; it differs, however, in ha-

ving the thorax smaller and proportionately narrower, the elytra less

convex, and furnished at the sides with three rows of transverse

impressions instead of one; the region of the suture is less depressed.

NYcTELIA SULCICOLLIS. Nyct. ovata, atra; thorace transverso, ad

latera rotundato, antice angustiore, sulcis minutis longitudinalitér

impresso ; elytris crebré punctatis (punctis confluentibus), tuber-

culisque minutis instructis : capite, thorace elytrorumque lateribus

pilis vestitis, pedibusque etiam pilis instructis.

Long. corp. 84 lin.; lat. 53 lin.

Hab. St. Cruz. ‘

Much smaller than N. /evis, and of a shorter and more rounded

form. The upper surface of the head is very thickly punctured

throughout, and the punctures run into each other so as to form

irregular ruge. The thorax is twice as broad as long, and has a deep

and almost semicircular emargination in front; the anterior angles

are acute, and the posterior angles are obtuse, and not produced as

in many species of the genus, the hinder margin of the thorax pre-

senting a nearly straight, or but very slightly waved line: the

broadest part of the thorax is near the posterior angles, the narrow-

est part is in front, and the lateral margins are rounded in sucha

manner that the thorax might almost be described as semicircular,

and having the fore-part emarginated. The whole upper surface of

the thorax is covered with small but distinct grooves, leaving convex

ridges between them about equal in width to the grooves; these

furrows are longitudinal in their direction, or very nearly so, except-

ing in the fore-part, where they diverge from the mesial line and

run up to the anterior margin, and at the sides of the thorax, where

the grooves are irregular, but have a tendency to a transverse dispo-

sition. The under side of the thorax presents similar longitudinal

grooves, excepting in the middle, where it is rugosely punctured ;

scattered hairs cover this under surface of the thorax; and towards

the lateral margin the hairs, which are moderately long, are much

more numerous and form a projecting fringe, which is visible when

the insect is viewed from above. The elytra are of a short ovate

form, about one-fourth broader than the thorax, and scarcely one-

fifth longer than broad ; the apical portion is but little produced:

the upper surface is convex, and is thickly covered with small con-

fluent punctures, amongst which minute tubercles are scattered;

towards the lateral keel, which is very little prominent, the tubercles

are distinct. The sculpturing of the portion of the elytra beneath

the keel resembles that above it, but here the tubercles give origin to

small hairs*. The meso- and metasternum present irregular ruge.

' * Probably similar hairs originally sprang from the tubercles on the

upper surface, but have been worn off.

116

On the first and basal half of the second abdominal segments are

distinct longitudinal rugz, and a slight trace of similar rugz is ob-

served at the base of the third segment ; on other parts of these seg-

ments are some minute scattered punctures. The terminal segment

is rather thickly though finely punctured. The legs are clothed with

longish ash-coloured hairs.

Nyctelia nodosa, Latr. Zophosis nodosa, Germar ?

Five specimens of this species are contained in the collection of

Mr. Darwin, and these are from three different localities, viz. Mal-

donado (La Plata), Bahia Blanca, and Mendoza.

Nycrezia aneustata. Nyct. atra, elongata, nitida; capite distincté

punctato et tranversim impresso ; antennis piceis ; thorace subqua-

drato, lateribus feré rectis, antice emarginato, supra punctis mi-

nutissimis ; elytris subelongatis, et cum thorace quoad latitudinem

fere coequalibus, costis aliquantd irregularibus subelevatis inter-

stitits rugulosis, ad latera plicis transversalibus.

Long. corp. 74 lin.; lat. 32 lin.

Hab. Patagonia?

The specimen from which the above characters are taken is a

male, and by accident its label, containing the habitat, is lost; it is

most probably from Patagonia. In general appearance the N. an-

gustata greatly resembles the N. nodosa, but it differs in being of a

narrower form, and in having the terminal joints (the fifth to the

tenth inclusive) broader; the anterior tibie are also broader and

rather shorter, and the thorax is longer in proportion to the width.

The head is distinctly and very thickly punctured in front. The

thorax approaches to a quadrate form, but is slightly narrower in

front than behind ; the lateral margins form a very slight curve, and

in fact are nearly straight ; in front it is emarginated, and the emar-

ginated portion is in the form of a segment of a circle; the hinder

margin is but little waved; the anterior angles are acute, and the

posterior angles are slightly produced and rounded at the point; a

faint impressed line borders the anterior and lateral margins: the

upper surface is but little convex and finely punctured, but on the

disc the punctures are scarcely traceable: the length of the thorax

is about equal to three-fifths of the width, whereas in N. nodosa the

length is about equal to half the width. ‘The elytra are very little

broader than the thorax, being scarcely dilated in the middle, and

are about one-third longer than broad; they have interrupted and

somewhat irregular longitudinal grooves or striz, and the jnter-

spaces are convex; the third and fifth most distinctly so: the strie

and interspaces on the lateral half of each elytron have distinct irre-

gular ruge, the largest of which are for the most part transverse

in direction: the legs are long; the claws are of a pitchy colour.

The fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth joints of the antenne are some-

what compressed, broader than long, and produced in front so as to

present nearly a triangular form; the ninth and tenth are still broad,

but of a somewhat rounded form.

117

/ rm

Genus Epirgponota.

Erireponota nugosa. pip. atra, opaca: capite rugoso ; thorace

lato plusquam longo, postice angustiore, depresso superne: rugis

valde irregularibus, illis apud marginem eateriorem plerimque lon-

gitudinalibus, illis apud discum feré transversis, et utringue costd

majore sublongitudinali definitis ; elytris subovatis undatim rugis

pleriimque transversis, et utringue costd apud discum valdé ele-

vatd, deindé alterd minus elevatd inter illam et carinam lateralem.

Long. corp. 83 lin.; lat. 33 lin. ; vel, long. 114; lat. 53.

Hab. Petorca?

The whole upper surface of this insect is covered with well-marked

irregular ruge ; these are for the most part longitudinal in their di-

rection: on the clypeus, and there is a transverse indentation marking

the posterior boundary of this part: a little behind the line of the

eyes is a somewhat irregular transverse ridge, and in the middle, be-

tween this ridge and the transverse groove just mentioned, is a short

longitudinal ridge. The labrum is rugosely punctured. The thorax

is very nearly twice as broad as long; its anterior and posterior

margins are nearly straight, excepting near the lateral angles, which

are produced. Besides the ordinary ruge on the thorax, there are

two large longitudinal and slightly curved ridges, situated one on

each side, nearly midway between the mesial line and the outer

margin; and on each elytron is a strongly elevated costa or ridge,

extending from the base very nearly to the apex, and running nearly

parallel with the lateral keel of the elytron, on the mesial line of

which they are placed. The spaces between these coste is some-

what concave, and so is the interstice of the costa and the lateral

keel of the elytron, which is crenulated or irregularly indented. ‘The

mentum is very coarsely punctured, and the punctures are confluent.

The under side of the head is punctured, and there are numerous

coarse punctures on the prosternum between the legs. The basal

segments of the abdomen have small longitudinal sulci beneath.

Besides the great difference in size and form indicated by the di-

mensions, there occurs sometimes a difference in the sculpturing of

the thorax and elytra, which I could scarcely have believed to exist

in the same species had I not had an opportunity of examining many

specimens. .In a specimen before me, the ruge on the head, tho-

rax and elytra are much less distinct than in the individuals from

which the above description is taken ; and this is combined with a

convexity of the elytra (which are almost always concave between

the two dorsal coste and also between these coste and the lateral

keel), giving a very different aspect to the specimen under consi-

deration.

In having the thorax distinctly contracted behind, and in the more

truly moniliform structure of the antennz, the present imsect ap-

proaches more nearly to Callyntra than to Epipedonota, but the ter-

minal joint of the antenne is decidedly smaller than the rest. I have

before me specimens of the Callyntra multicostata and Call. vicina

(which I scarcely think a distinct species), and do not find so marked

118

a difference in the size of the terminal joint of the antenne as com-

pared with the penultimate joint, as that represented by M. Solier’s

figure—indeed the penultimate joint and terminal appear to me to

be equal in size, or most nearly so.

Eripeponora aFFinis. Hpip. atra, nitida: capite anticé punctis spar-

sis, et postice rugis transversis undulatis, notato ; thorace latiore

quam longo, ad medium depresso, rugis vel plicis fere longitudina-

libus, ad latera transversis notato ; elytris thorace latioribus, prope

suturam fere levibus, singulorum dimidio externo sulcis transversis,

his costd longitudinali, in duas series divisis ; prosterno sulcis

distinctis longitudinalibus ; segmentis abdominalibus leviter longi-

tudinali-sulcatis.

Long. corp. 9} lin. ; lat. 54 lin.

Hab. Petorca?

This species is of a shorter and broader form than Epip. ebenina,

the furrows on the thorax are smaller and more numerous, and the

elytra present but one distinct costa besides the lateral keel, the ridge

corresponding to that nearest the suture in EL. ebenina, being here ob-

literated, or very nearly so.

The head presents some scattered punctures in front, and, gene-

rally, there are some waved transverse impressions towards the hinder

part, leaving narrow ridges between them. The thorax is twice as

broad as long, has the sides distinctly rounded, the fore-part emar-

ginated in the form of a segment of a circle; the anterior angles are

acute, and there is a small indentation in the outer margin close to

the angle; the posterior margin is nearly straight in the middle, but

the angles are produced: the upper_part of the thorax presents a

slightly concave surface, and is covered with small sulci; those in the

middle are oblique, converging to or towards the hinder part of the

mesial line ; about midway between this line and the outer margin

they become longitudinal in their direction, and a space bordering the

lateral margin is covered with oblique but nearly transverse narrow

grooves and ridges. The width of the elytra, compared with that

of the thorax, is nearly as seven to five, and the elytra are about

one-fourth longer than broad, or rather less; the dorsal surface is

plane and almost destitute of sculpturing; on the sides are two

series of transverse furrows, which are separated by a strong costal

ridge; the innermost of these two series of transverse grooves is ob-

literated towards the base and apex of the elytron, but in the middle

they are strongly marked, as are also the transverse grooves between

the costal ridge and the lateral keel : on the apical half of each elytron

a faint trace of the costa, corresponding to the innermost one in EZ.

ebenina, is observable.

Numerous specimens of this new species were contained in Mr.

Bridges’s collection.

Epipedonota ebenina, Solier. Nyctelia ebenina, Auct.

Four specimens of this species were brought by Mr. Darwin from

Mendoza; two of these are females, and present a character I have

not before observed in the species, viz. some zigzag white lines at

a heel

119

the apex of the elytra; these lines are observable in the grooves be-

tween the costz: in one specimen there are three of the white lines

on each elytron, corresponding with the number of interspaces of

the cost ; they are interrupted, and form dots as they recede from

the apex of the elytron. In the other specimen there are but two of

these lines visible.

Epipedonota erythropus, Solier. Nyctelia erythropus, Auct.

Mr. Darwin also found this species (if it be really distinct from

ebenina) at Mendoza.

Eprreponora BonariEnsis. Epip. atra, nitida; thorace supra irre-

gulariter et longitudinaliter multiplicato, ad latera crenato ; ely-

tris utringue costis duabus elevatis, et sulcis transversalibus ordine

triplict.

Long. corp. 11} lin.; lat. 52 lin.; vel, long. 92 lin.; lat. 5 lin.

Hab. Monte Video and Bahia Blanca.

The species nearly resembles the H. ebenina, but differs in being

larger and proportionately broader ; as in H. ebenina, each elytron

has two longitudinal elevated cost besides the lateral keel; but the

interspaces of all the costa, are indented with transverse furrows,

whereas in J. ebenina only the two outermost interspaces have these

furrows, and here they are much less strongly marked. The lateral

keel in #. ebenina presents a nearly even line, but in #. Bonariensis

the keel is distinctly indented ; the sulci on the thorax are less

strongly marked and more numerous.

Seven specimens of this species occur in Mr. Darwin’s collec-

tion.

Errpeponota tata. LEpip.atra, nitida, lata ; capite punctis disper-

sis antice, apud medium sulco transverso, et postice sulcis paucis

obliquis ; thorace sulcis, his obliquis, illis apud medium longitudi-

nalibus, illis margini proximis transversis, insculpto ; elytris con-

vexis costis latis pauld elevatis posticé subobliteratis, spatio inter

costam secundam et carinam externam, sulcis profundis transversis

notato.

Long. corp. 93 lin. ; lat. 6 lin.; vel, long. 82 lin. ; lat. 5 lin.

Hab. Port Desire.

This species is larger and proportionally much broader than LZ.

ebenina. ‘The thorax, in proportion to the size of the insect, is much

broader than in any other species of Hpipedonota here described, the

width being nearly equal to two-thirds of the length of the elytra;

whereas in Z. affinis, which I have described as a shorter and broader

species than EZ. ebenina, the width of the thorax is scarcely more than

equal to half the length of the elytra.

The head is punctured in front and has some waved transverse

grooves and ridges between the eyes. The thorax is about twice as

broad as long, emarginated in front nearly in the form of a segment of

a circle ; the lateral margins are rounded; it is widest a little behind

the middle and narrowest in front ; the anterior and posterior angles

are acute ; the upper surface is nearly flat, but the lateral margins are

slightly reflected ; the anterior mesial portion is a little convex, and

120

the posterior mesial portion is sometimes slightly concave ; the whole

surface is covered with narrow grooves and ridges ; those on the dor-

sal part of the thorax are longitudinal but slightly irregular, towards

the sides they are oblique, diverging slightly behind, and a broadish

space at the sides is covered with sub-transverse grooves, these being

directed inwards and slightly upwards from the lateral margin.

The width of the elytra, as compared with the length, is as 4 to 5;

their upper surface is convex, excepting at the base, where they are

somewhat depressed: on each elytron are three longitudinal narrow

grooves, these are distinct and wavy at the base of the elytra; the

first groove, or that nearest the suture, is obliterated on the hinder

half of the elytron ; the second is continued nearly to the apex, but

from the base it becomes gradually less distinct ; the third extends

to the apex, and forms as it were the outer boundary to the convex

portion of the elytra for the space between the last-mentioned line

and the lateral keel, which is nearly equal in width to one-third of

that of the elytron, is nearly flat, or even slightly concave in the

males; on this space is a series of deep transverse indentations, lea-

ving convex interstices of a width corresponding to that of the grooves.

The two interspaces between the first, second and third striz of

each elytron are very broad and slightly convex; and on the second

ox outermost of these interspaces are a few oblique furrows, which are

not very distinct, and for the most part rather widely separated. Be-

sides the longitudinal striz mentioned, there are some others, but

these are short and confined to the base of the elytra; in the males

about five or six longitudinal grooves may be seen at the base of each

elytron, and all of these grooves are more or less wavy. ‘The sides

of the prosternum present distinct longitudinal sulci, and narrow

longitudinal sulci are observable on the abdominal segments.

Three specimens of this new species were brought from Port De-

sire by Mr. Darwin.

Genus Cattyntra, Solier.

Callyntra vicina, Solier. One specimen of this species was brought

from Valparaiso by Mr. Darwin.

Genus Crrostena, Solier.

Crrostena puNcTULATA. Cer. atra, elongato-ovata ; capite crebre

punctato et transversim impresso ; thorace transverso, antice pro-

Sunde emarginato, supra fere plano, punctato ; marginibus latera-

libus reflexis, disco foveis duabus impresso; elytris oblongo-ovatis,

pauld convexis, supra punctulatis, singulis costis duabus dorsali-

bus subobliteratis ; carind laterali pauld prominente.

Long. corp. 8? lin. ; lat. 43 ln.

Hab. St. Cruz.

In general appearance the present species resembles the Blaps ob-

tusa, but the thorax is much shorter and the body more depressed.

On the hinder part and sides of the elytra is an ashy pubescence,

and I think it probable that small hairs have originally been scat-

tered over the whole upper part of the elytra and have been rubbed

off the most exposed parts. On the under side of the head and body

121

small hairs are also perceptible in the less exposed parts. The pro-

sternum is very rugose beneath on the fore-part, and has distinct

longitudinal furrows at the sides, as has also the mesothorax; the

abdominal segments are thickly punctured, and there are longitudi-

nal ruge on the basal segments. The legs and tarsi are moderately

well clothed with small yellowish hairs.

Unfortunately the antenne are not perfect in the only specimen

which Mr. Darwin brought home of this species; in the characters

afforded by other parts, however, it agrees with M. Solier’s genus

Cerostena: the absence of sulci on the upper surface of the thorax

would serve to distinguish it from the species of that genus hitherto

described.

Psectrascelis pilipes, Solier. Nyctelia pilipes, Guerin. Numerous

specimens of this species were brought from Coquimbo by Mr. Dar-

win.

Entomoderes Erebi, Solier. Mr. Darwin’s colleetion contains one

specimen of this curious insect, and this was found at Mendoza.

Mr. Waterhouse next proceeded to characterize the following new

species of Curculionide from the collections of Mr. Darwin and Mr.

Bridges.

Divisio CLEONIDES, Schoenherr.

Genus ListropEREs, Scho.

ListropEREs suBcosratus. Lisir. niger, opacus, fusco-squamosus ;

. antennis piceis ; rostro brevi, carinato ; thorace punctatissimo, sub-

quadrato, postice angustiore, setis fuscescentibus instructo ; elytris

punctato-striatis, fusco-setosis, interstitiis alternatis subelevatis.

Long. corp. et rostri, 6 lin. ; lat. 2} lin.; long. 43, lat. 2 lin.

Hab. Valleys of Petorca.

Rostrum about half as long again as the head, with three costz

above, the central one but little developed, and the lateral costz in-

distinct ; the space between the costz finely rugose; the whole sur-

face of the rostrum covered with distinct yellowish hairs. Head

thickly punctured, the punctures confluent, and with an impressed

point between the eyes. Thorax about one-third broader than long,

emarginated in front, nearly straight behind, but slightly indented in

the middle; the broadest part of the thorax is about the anterior

third; from this point it is contracted in width, both before and be-

hind, in nearly equal proportions; the upper surface is nearly flat,

and very thickly and distinctly punctured; the punctures more or

less confluent ; a faint dorsal ridge is sometimes perceptible; small

spiny semierect hairs cover the thorax ; elytra moderately long, with

the humeral angles forming right angles; the apex rounded, the

width about one-fourth greater than that of the thorax; the upper

surface moderately convex, covered with brown scales, and having

interspersed erect spiny hairs ; punctate-striated, the interstices very

finely shagreened; the third, fifth, and the seventh from the suture,

raised; a few black spots are irregularly scattered over the elytra,

122

and in some specimens are some whitish spots arranged in lines on

the apical portion of the elytra.

From the collection of Mr. Bridges.

LisrropERES PILosus. Listr. niger, opacus, setosus, fusco-squa-

mosus ; antennis tarsisque fuscescentibus ; rostro indistinctissime

carinato ; thorace crebré punctato, subquadrato, lateribus subro-

tundatis ; elytris punctato-striatis. Capite, thorace, elytrisque

squamis fuscis atque nigrescentibus dense tectis. *

Long. corp. et rostri, 34 lin. ; lat. 1} lin.

Hab. Valleys of Petorca.

About equal in size to Sitona fusca. Rostrum a trifle longer than

the head, slightly rugose, and with a very indistinct longitudinal

carina. Head thickly punctured, the punctures confluent, and an

impressed line between the eyes. Thorax subquadrate, and some-

what depressed ; very thickly, but not coarsely punctured, the punc-

tures confluent ; the width greater than the length; the sides nearly

straight and parallel, excepting near the base and apex of the thorax,

where the width is gradually contracted. Elytra but little wider

than the thorax, somewhat convex and elongated ; the humeral angles

rounded, and the apical portion rather attenuated, but with the tip

rounded ; the sides subparallel ; punctate-striated ; the punctures, of

moderate size, are rather close together ; the interstices of the strize

nearly flat, and apparently slightly rugose.

The sculpturing of the rostrum, head, thorax and elytra is with

difficulty examined, all these parts being densely clothed with scales ;

these are chiefly of a brown colour, but in parts they are of a blackish

hue. On the thorax is an indistinct dusky line in the middle, and

one or two dusky patches at the sides ; the elytra are variegated with

deep and pale brown.

From the collection of Mr. Bridges.

Listroderes costirostris, Scho. Several specimens of this species

are contained in Mr. Darwin’s collection, having been collected at

Maldonado; and there are, moreover, specimens collected at Co-

quimbo which present no distinguishing character, excepting in being

of a larger size, viz. total length 54 lines, width 2} lin. ; those from

Maldonado being 43 lines in length and 12 in width.

ListRoDERES roBustus. Listr. breviter ovatus, niger, opacus,

Susco-squamosus, setosus ; antennis fuscescentibus ; rostro longi-

usculo, carinato, pilis minutis decumbentibus tecto ; thorace crebreé

punctulato, brevi, vittd albd ornato, lateribus subrotundatis ; elytris

breviter ovatis, punctato-striatis, fascid albescente, ad latera inter-

ruptd, ornatis, singulaitm tuberculo subapicali instructis.

Long. corp. et rostri, 43 lin. ; lat. 23 lin.

Hab. Coquimbo.

In size and form this species may be compared to the Phytonomus

punctatus. Rostrum about twice as long as the head, covered with

minute decumbent brownish hairs, and with a longitudinal carina.

Thorax rather broader than long, very suddenly contracted in front,

and broadest near the fore-part ; the sides slightly rounded, or nearly

123

straight; the posterior angles rounded, and the posterior margin in-

distinctly produced in the middle ; the surface very thickly punctured

and covered with pale brownish scales, and having interspersed mi-

nute hairs ; in parts the scales assume a deeper hue, and in the middle

is a whitish line. Elytra about one-third broader than the thorax,

convex, and of a short ovate form ; punctate-striated ; the interstices

obscurely punctured, and slightly convex; they are covered with

brownish scales, and have interspersed minute pale hairs; rather

behind the middle is a broadish curved mark, which is obliterated on

the sides of the elytra; and towards the apex is a small angular tu-

bercle.

From the collection of Mr. Darwin.

Listroperes apicauis. Listr. squamosus, fusco-albescens ; an-

tennis piceis ; rostro carind longitudinali fuscd ; capite notis dua-

bus fuscis antic? convergentibus ; thorace antic? quam posticé la-

_tiore, ad latera fer? recto, antice foved incurvatd, lined albd lon-

gitudinali ; elytris thorace duplo latioribus, punctato-striatis ; sin-

gulis notd nigrescente obliqud, ad apicem albescente, tuberculo di-

stincto subapicali.

Long. corp. et rostri, 3; lat. 13 lin.

Hab. Monte Video.

This species is considerably less than the L. costirostris, being about

equal in size to the Phytonomus rumicis. The rostrum is rather slen-

der, nearly twice as long as the head, covered with minute decum-

bent hairs, which are of a whitish brown colour; in the middle is a

longitudinal carma. The thorax is broader than long; the broadest

part is considerably in front of the middle ; in front it becomes some-

what suddenly contracted ; the sides of the thorax converge from near

the anterior part towards the base, and are nearly parallel; the pos-

terior margin is slightly rounded, being produced in the middle ; the

hinder angles are obtuse; the upper surface of the thorax is nearly

plane, presenting scarcely any convexity, and in the fore-part is a

curved impression, the extremities of which lead up to the anterior

angles; it is densely clothed with scales, and these are of a very

pale brownish colour; in parts the scales are of a deep brown co-

lour, and in the middle is a longitudinal line, formed of whitish

scales; besides the scales are some very minute, semierect, scattered

dusky hairs; the sculpturing cannot well be seen, owing to the cover -

ing of scales, but the thorax appears to be very thickly though not

coarsely punctured. The elytra are oblong, about one-third broader

than the thorax; the humeral angles are prominent and rounded;

the sides nearly straight, and the apex rounded; the surface is con-

vex, but somewhat depressed at the basal portion of the elytra ; punc-

tate-striated; covered with pale brownish scales, having moreover

some very minute scattered spines; the third and fifth interstices of

the strize on each elytron are slightly raised ; rather behind the middle

is an oblique deep brown patch, behind which the scales are white,

or nearly so ; a distinct angular tubercle is observable on each elytron,

at a short distance from the apex. The legs and antennz are brown,

124

and covered with minute palish hairs; near the apex of each of the

femora is a whitish ring.

In the collection of Mr. Bridges are several species of Curculionide

closely allied to Listroderes, but differing in having the antennz more

slender and elongated; the club is very long, distinctiy jointed, and

very slightly incrassated ; the legs are longer, and the body is covered

with minute hairs, or hair-like scales, whilst all the species of Listro-

deres examined by me have the body distinctly clothed with scales.

Moreover, in none of the insects under consideration do I find the

tubercles on the apical portion of the elytra, which are so common in

the Listroderes. Such differences, though readily seen, it is impossi-

ble to express by a generic term. I have determined to designate

this new genus by the name

Apioristus*, nov. gen.

Antenne longe, tenues; scapus ad apicem subincrassatus ; articuli

funiculi obconici, 1° longo ; clava elongata distincté triarticulata.

Rostrum capite feré duplo longius, crassiusculum, subarcuatum, ver-

sus apicem incrassatum, supra carinatum : mandibule tenues paulo

elongatz.

Ocult subovati, subdepressi.

Thorax transversus, pone oculos lobatus, supra subdepressus.

Elytra elongato-ovata, convexa,-ad apicem rotundata.

Tarsi elongati, subtenues, subtis spongiosi.

Apioristus punctuLatus. Ad. niger, fusco-pilosus ; antennis, tibiis

tarsisque piceis ; rostro brevi, crasso, carinato ; thorace punctulato,

brevi subquadrato, anticé angustiori, postice utringue subemargi-

nato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, convexis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis

alternatis maculis parvulis nigris atque albescentibus ornatis.

Long. corp. et rostri, 64 — 82 lin.; lat. 25 — 32 lin.

Hab. Valleys of Petorca.

The whole insect is covered with minute decumbent hairs, and

these are of an ashy-brown colour. ‘The rostrum is stout, con-

siderably dilated at the apex, and about twice as long as the head;

rugose, and has fine longitudinal keels on the upper surface, of which

the central one is most strongly developed, and the one next it on

each side indistinct. The head is convex above, and thickly punc-

tured. The thorax is about one-third broader than long; the an-

terior margin is straight, and the lateral margins are very nearly

straight; the anterior part is rather narrower than the hinder part ;

the hinder margin is in the form of a segment of a circle, beg

produced in the middle, and joins the lateral margin so as to form a

somewhat salient but obtuse angle; the upper surface is but very

slightly convex, and thickly and distinctly punctured.. The elytra

are convex, and of an elongate-ovate form, and scarcely one-third

broader than the thorax; the upper surface is densely clothed with

minute hairs; punctate-striated, the punctures not very large, and

distinctly separated ; the interstices are plane, or indistinctly convex,

* From eddies toc, undefined, &e.

125

and are very finely punctured. On each stria is a series of small

black and whitish spots, and these most of them are oblong.

Apioristus ancustatus. Ad. niger, fusco-pilosus ; antennis, tibiis

tarsisque fuscescentibus ; rostro brevi, crasso, carinato ; thorace

punctulato ad latera et posticé subrotundato ; elytris thorace pauld

latioribus, elongatis, subovatis, punctato-striatis, maculis parvulis

nigris ornatis.

Long. corp. et rostri, 54 lin.; lat. 2 lin.

Hab. Valleys of Petorca.

This species closely resembles the last in many respects, and espe-

cially in its colouring, and in being covered with minute ashy-brown

decumbent hairs, but it is of a narrower and more elongated form,

and of a much smaller size.

The rostrum is about half as long again as the head, rugose, and

has three parallel keels on the upper surface, of which the central

one is the most prominent. The head is thickly punctured. The

thorax is scarcely one-third broader than long, slightly emarginated

in front; the sides are nearly straight and parallel, but near the

anterior part they gradually converge, so as slightly to contract the

width of the thorax at this part; about the posterior third of the

thorax the sides also converge towards the posterior margin, so that

the thorax may be described as obliquely truncated on each side be-

hind: the posterior margin is straight; the upper surface is nearly

flat, and thickly and distinctly punctured. The elytra are moderately

convex and of an elongated ovate form, and about half as broad

again as the thorax; punctate-striated, the punctures of moderate

size and distinctly separated, excepting on the hinder part of the

elytra; they are densely clothed with decumbent ashy-brown hairs,

and on each stria is a series of oblong blackish spots ; the interstices

are very delicately but thickly punctured.

Aproristus conspersus. Ad. niger, subopacus, fusco-pilosus ; an-

tennis tarsisque fuscescentibus ; rostro brevi, crasso, carinato ;

thorace punctatissimo, subquadrato, postice pauld angustiore, modice

convexo, lateribus subrotundatis ; elytris quoad latitudinem thorace

Sere coequalibus, lateribus subparallelis, punctato-striatis, intersti-

tits planis.

Long. corp. et rostri, 5$ lin. ; lat. 21 lin.

Hab. Valleys of Petorca. :

Rostrum about half as long again as the head, much dilated at the

apex, with three distinct carine, and the two outer carinz converging

slightly towards the base of the rostrum; between the carine are

minute longitudinal ruge, but these are hidden by the numerous

small brownish hairs which cover this and other parts of the insect.

The head is thickly punctured, and there is a minute oblong depres-

sion between the eyes. The thorax is subquadrate, about one-fourth

broader than long; the anterior margin is straight; the sides are

slightly rounded, but nearly straight towards the hinder part of the

thorax ; the greatest width is at the anterior third; the posterior

126

margin is straight, and the posterior angles are very nearly right

angles; the upper surface is nearly flat, being but very slightly con-

vex, and thickly but rather finely punctured. The elytra are mode-

rately elongated, but little broader than the thorax, and moderately

convex above; the sides are nearly parallel, being very little dilated in

the middle; the apical portion is rounded; they are punctate-stri-

ated, and the interstices are finely punctured; a series of small

blackish spots is observable on each of the striz ; on other parts the

very minute hairs which cover the elytra are brownish.

ApIorisTuUs SIMPLEX. Ad. piceo-niger, pilis fuscescentibus tectus ;

antennis piceis ;*rostro brevi, carinato, ad basin transversim im-

presso; thorace rugoso-punctato, subcylindraceo, lateribus pauld

rotundatis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, punctis ali-

quantd profundis, interstitiis fere planis et punctulatis.

Long. corp. et rostri, 33 lin.; lat. 12 lin.

Hab. Valleys of Petorca.

A small species, about equal in size to Phyllobius alneti. The

rostrum short and stout, being but little longer than the head, is

furnished with a central carina and a carina on each side, which is

less distinct, and the space between these ridges has longitudinal

ruge, which are partially hidden by the scattered hairs which cover

this and all other parts of the body. The head is thickly punctured,

and the punctures are confluent; a small oblong impression is ob-

servable between the eyes, and in front of the eyes is a transverse

depression, separating, as it were, the rostrum from the head. The

thorax is nearly cylindrical, broader than long, and slightly nar-

rower behind than near the fore-part; the anterior and posterior

margins are straight ; the upper surface is thickly and rather coarsely

punctured, and the punctures are many of them confluent. The

elytra are of an elongated ovate form, convex, somewhat attenuated,

but rounded at the apex; punctate-striated, the punctures mode-

rately large and rather deep, and nearly joining each other; the

interspaces between the striz are nearly plane, indistinctly punc-

tured in parts and slightly rugose; the minute but somewhat spiny

hairs which cover the elytra are not sufficiently abundant to hide

the sculpturing, and are semi-erect.

A species of the present genus is contained in Mr. Darwin’s col-

lection, which differs from either of the above: it is almost destitute

of the small hairs which give the brownish colouring to the other

species here described.

Aproristus suBDENuUDATUS. Ad. oblongus, niger, pilis minutissimis

atque squamulis albescentibus adspersus ; antennis tarsisque fus-

cescentibus ; rostro carinato, punctulato ; capite inter oculos trans-

versim impresso, crebré punctulato ; thorace subcylindraceo in

medium pauld dilatato, punctis minutis impresso ; elytris oblongo-

ovatis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis pauld conveais, obsolete punc-

tulatis.

Long. corp. et rostri, 6} lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Hab. Mendoza.

127

This insect is intermediate in size between the Ad. punctulatus

and Ad. angustatus, and is readily distinguished from either of the

species here described by its denuded appearance; the scales and

hairs, which are sparingly scattered over the body, only become visi-

ble with the assistance of a moderately strong lens.

The rostrum is about twice as long as the head, very thickly

though finely punctured, and the punctures are confluent; in the

middle is a distinct carina. The head is separated from the rostrum

by a transverse and somewhat shallow depression, and in the middle

of this depression is a small fovea: the upper surface of the head,

as well as the thorax, is very thickly and finely punctured, and the

punctures are confluent. The thorax is rather broader than long,

subcylindrical, truncated before and behind; the upper surface is

slightly convex, and the sides are somewhat rounded, being slightly

dilated a little in front of the middle. The elytra are of an elongate-

oval form, moderately convex, somewhat attenuated at the apex,

but with that part rounded; they are distinctly punctate-striated ;

the punctures are arranged closely together, and the interstices of

the striz are narrow, slightly convex, and very delicately punctured.

Cylydrorhinus dngulatus.—Under this name M. Guerin-Meneville

describes, in the ‘ Revue Zoologique’ (No. 7, 1841, p. 217), a species

of Curculio, from Port Famine, which I am inclined to regard as

specifically identical with specimens brought by Mr. Darwin from

St. Cruz and St. Julian.

M. Guerin states that the elytra are covered above with large

deep punctures arranged in longitudinal strie, at the base of each

of which is a very small tubercle, and which are united together by

an indistinct transverse impression.

In the specimens brought by Mr. Darwin, the elytra are deeply

punctate-striate at the base, but from the base towards the apex the

punctures gradually decrease in size; the minute tubercles are situ-

ated on the anterior margin of each puncture, and in addition to the

strie of punctures, the elytra are for the most part covered with

somewhat irregular transverse rugz; these are most distinct on the

sides of the elytra (or rather what appears to be the side, for the

elytra are strongly keeled at some little distance from the lateral

margin, so that that part is hidden as we view the insect from above),

less distinct on the apical portion, and do not extend to the disc.

The apical portion of each elytron is slightly produced, and the

elytra appear as it were terminated by a tubercle; near the apex,

on each side, is another tubercle. The thorax has a distinct fovea

on each side, in the middle and near the lateral margin. The size

of the specimens from Port St. Cruz varies from length 9} lin., width

44 lin., to length 72 lin., width 32 lin.

_ A specimen from St. Julian differs in being considerably smaller

and more deeply sculptured, and in having a small patch of white

scales near the apex of the elytra; the interstice between the fourth

and fifth striz is somewhat raised. Length 7 lines.

In the collection is a specimen, without label, which agrees with

this variety, as I presume it is. Length 6} lines.

128

Two out of three specimens from St. Cruz have pitchy red colour

legs ; in the third the legs are black. The specimen from St. Julian

has also black legs.

Mr. Darwin found this Curculio “‘ lying dead by thousands on all

parts of the plains at St. Julian, both far in the interior and near

the coast.”

December 28, 1841.

No Meeting took place.

INDEX.

The names of New Species and of Species newly characterized are printed in Roman

Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel informa-

are made, in CAPITALS.

, Page

Accipiter fringillarius, Ray «+++++-+- 6

Adioristus, n. g., Waterh. .....++0+.-+ 124

Adioristus angustatus, Waterh....... 125

conspersus, WVaterh....... 125

punctulatus, Waterh. ... 124

simplex, Waterh. .....+-.- 126

subdenudatus, Waterh. . 126

ABthiops, n, g., Strickl. ..+......00+ eee

AAthiops canicapillus, Strickl. ...... 30

Agelaius Chopi, Vieill. ....+++++-++++ 94

Agriornis leucurus, Gould ....+.+++++- 94

Alcedo Bengalensis, Gmel. ......+++++ a eee

SMYFNENSIS .....0+4+ ae ee gees = AO

torquata, Act. ...+..+s+eere 94

Anguilla Australis, Rich. ......+++++ 22

AnseR GAamBENSIS, Auct. ......+ a). 40

Antilope Ogilbyi, Waterh, ............ 97

Saigd, Pall. .eseeceeereeseere a5 40

Apteryx Australis, Shaw ......+0.-- 70

Aquila Bonelli, Gould.....+...+++++++ gas

Aracana Reevesii, Gray ....00..e0e0e0. 22

Ardea cinerea, Lath. ......+++. seneaies 7

Ascomys Mexicanus, Licht. ......++. 60

Athene cuculoides, Gould ......+++ ene:

Aulacodus Swinderianus, Temm. ... 97

Bassaris astuta, Licht............. 44

Bassaris astuta, Licht. ........+ee0.0 60

Bucco grandis, Linn. ......cceee 6

Bulinus Alberti, Brod. .........+00++- 35

flavescens, Brod. ....++...+0 15

maculiferus, Brod. ......... 14

Onyx, Brod. ..scescreecesesees 34

relatus, Brod. <e..:..ssse0ses 15

Brachypus leucogenys, Hardw.&Gray 6

Brachiopoda ...ccc..cescrerseersseeeees 74

Brachypternus, n. g., Sérickl....... 31

Brachylophus hemipodius, Swains. . 31

Callynira vicina, Solier ....++++++++++- 120

ANID A: .cocccnccessccisonsasvesecves 42-43

. tion is given, in J¢talics: those of Species respecting which Anatomical Observations

Page

CANIS .....-0000 Mase Cav Annusintakna ha 42-43

CANIS ARGENTATUS, Desm.......... 44

Azar@, Pr. Max. ...0.00s. 93, 96

AUREUS, LINN. jixcesccnwhe> ape 44

DENGO, PBVUM caus cases cap ettemne 44

Familiaris, Auct. .....+.-000 9, 44

BUMVUS, MOCSWIs -ctassecndvandy 44

LAGOPUS, Linn, ........-+00- «. 44

DUPUS;sPAUIMs so .ncpatte esse pices 4t

MESOMELAS, Schreb........0. 44

VURPES PUAN ch nace epscecaes 44

Caprimulgus bifasciatus, Gould...... 94

Asiaticus, Lath. ...... 6

Cephalopod ss. senseds ssacnceratomadee 74

Cercopithecus Diana, Auct. ......... 97

erythrotis, Waterh. . 71

Juliginosus, Auct. ... 97

Martini, Waterh. .... 71

Petaurista, Auct. .... 97

Sabeus, Auct. ...... 97

tantalus, Ogilby ...... 33

Cerostena punctulata, Waterh....... 120

Charadriad@ .eseveereveeee eaeae rane s 32

CRATAAVINE «1.6 e0eeree sevens Meee aces sald dices os

Charadrius .....cceveeee Senne Hane eC Reames 32

Charadrius albicapillus, Vieill. ...... 33

bilobus, Gmel............. 33

Brissonii, Wagl.......... 33

gallinaceus, Wagl. ...... 33

macropterus, Wagl. ... 33

pectoralis, Wagl. ...... 33

pileatus,Gmel. ......... 33

tricolor, Vieill. ...... ae Bo

tricolor, Worsf. ......... 33

Cheilodactylus gibbosus, Rich....... 21

CHENALOPEX GAMBENSIS, Auct.... 70

Chiroscelis bifenestra, Lam. ......... 66

bifenestrella, Westw. ... 66

digitata, Fab. .....+000... 66

130 INDEX.

Page Page

Chiroscelis Passaloides, Westw....... 66 | Francolinus vulgaris, Gould ...... OG

Chiton alatus, G. B. Sowerby, Jun.. 61 | Fregilus graculus, Cuv. ..... Sessa orn6

coarctatus, Sow. Jun. ...... 62 | Fringilla Gayi, Eyd. & Gerv. ...... 94

floccatus, Sow. Jun. ......... 104 | Fuligula Nyroea, Steph. ..cccoveeeee 7

incisus, Sow. Jun. ............ 61 | GALicTis vITTATA, Bell ....c00000 44

laqueatus, Sow. Jun. ......... 104 | Garrulus lanceolatus, Vig.e........... 6

Luzonicus, Sow. Jun.......... 104 | Gasteropoda ......... daceaacuaseenetee 74

pulcherrimus, Sow. Jun. ... 103 | Geositta canalicularia, G.R. Gray . 94

spiniger, Sow. Jun......... .-. 61 | Halmaturus agilis, Gould ........... 81

truncatus, Sow. Jun.......... 61 Derpyanvs, Gray...... 50

Chlorospizaxanihogramma,G.R.Gray 94 | Helix acuminata, Sowerd. ............ 39

Chrysoptilus squamatus, Swains. stig ila brevidens, Sowerd. ......-.... 25

Coccothraustes Icteroides, Vig. ...... 6 brunnea, Sowerd. ....0.+06+ ashe

Colaptes Chilensis, Vig. .......++++0+0 94 chlorochroa, Sowerb. ......... 2

Colobus leucomerus, Ogilby ......... 97 chrysocheilus, Sowerd.....0.... 3

Pennantii, Waterh. ......... 71 cincinniformis, Sowerb. ...... 17

Potycomos, Illig. ......... 84 columbaria, Sowerb. -........ 19

Satanas, Waterh. ......++ 71 concinna, Sowerd. ....00...005 20

Ursinus, Ogilby ............ * 84 cretata, Brads) .. wdedecupiene> ve Lee

Ursinus, Ogilby........-...08 97 curta, Sowerd. .......:.0ecsese 20

Columba Boliviana, Auct. .........--. 95 cryptica, Brod....... veces. Re ee

leuconota, Vig. ...+00-.+++- 6 fulgens, Sowerd. ...ecsces.ceee 3

Copurus, n. g., Str'ickl. ....-....-0000+ 28 fragilis, Sowerb. peeetns 40

Corbis Soverbii, Reeve ............606 85 galactites, Lam: .cicseeseee. ss 2

Coturnix Sinensis .....0..cecreeeereees 6 gummata, Sowerb. ......... vee 25

Cuculus micropterus, Steph. ........- 6 latitans? Brod.........+. piesskes 23

Cylydrorhinus angulatus, Guerin ... 127 leucophea, Sowerb. ............ 18

Cynocephalus Papio, Auct. .......+. 97 matruelis, Sowerb. .e...s...0ee 24

Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Stutchd. ... 87 Meretrix, Sowerd........ Wieeows 20

Dafila urophasianus, Byton ......... 95 metaformis, De Fér......60060643) 7

DasyURUS URSINUS, Geoff. ......... 50 mirabilis, De FEr..cc...eeseee.

VIVERRINUS, Geoff. ... 50 monochroa, Sowerd.......-..+0+ :

Dendrocopus Himalayanus............ 6 modesta, Sowerd........ ssvevsee | OD

Didelphis Virginiana, Temm.......... 49 oblonga, Sowerd. ...se.-sse0e0e. 40

Diptita Lusitanica, Hoffm. ......... 10 Panty Brodsnweidessces tteee Wes 2S

Emberiza luctuosa, Gerv. .....----.+- 94 PuUlcherrima ....0+0.0.+. vee 16

Enicurus maculatus, Vig. ..-.+0-..+++ 6 pyramidalis, Sowerd. ......... 39

Entomoderes Erebi, Solier ..........++ 121 Reevii, Brod.) v.i.s. ee 8 34

Ephemera Coa, Hasselq. «-....-+.++- 9 setiger, Sowerb. .+......4...08 » 25

Epipedonota affinis, Waterh. ...... 118 spheerica, Sowerb. .......4.... 26

Bonariensis, Waterh. . 119 spherion, Sowerb. ........- ee

ebenina, Solier ......... 118 velutina, Sowerd. ......00...5.. 25

erythropus, Solier...... 119 (Carocolla) dealbata, Brod.... 45

lata, Waterh. ......... 119 Dryope, Brod. .... 37

rugosa, Waterh. ...... 117 Listeri, Brod. ... 37

Erinacevs Evropavs, Linn. ...... 44 papyracea, Brod.. 36

ERA OMILE saseitndcvateadectecteyiiese 32 Parmula, Brod.... 38

Euplectella Aspergillum, Qwen...... 3 Regine, Brod. ... 36

Falco biarmicus? Temm. ...........- 6 Rota, Brod. ...... 45

Chicquera, Lath. .........ss0+0. 6 semigranosa, Sow. 26

FELIS CERVARIA, Temm. ......... we. 44 Siquijorensis,Brod. 38

CABRACAL, ‘Gmel fe <sscesss scores 44 Thersites, Brod. . 38

CONCOLOR, Linn. ............ 44 Virgo, Brod....... 44

DOMESTICA, Brisson ......... 44 Zebulensis, Brod. 46

JUBATA, Linn..... paesane esses 44 | HERPESTES......0.....-c0sceeeees eeeee 42-43

e0; Lanne 7 <a. Rantete ee 44 | Herprstes Grtsevus, Desm........ - 44

Lroparvvs, Linn. ......... 44 Smirart, Gray ......... 44

PARDALIS, Lindy ........0esee0s 44 JAVANICUS? sescesseeeee 44

SERVALS MINN. | ssesesses.crnass) 44° |) Maatioula: iu. coutecess weceetecee cou 32

Treris, Linn. .................. 44 | Himantopus Nova-Zelandiz, Gould 8

PR BA, cc vevasneendvawnhssventenet eteeaals<s 42-43 | Hoplopterus, Bon. «...éccedecdeceeenee 32

Se eee ee Ls el UCU

INDEX. 131

Page Page

TIVAINA. ceaccesersereseseereerenens 42-43 | Nematoptera filipennis, Westw....... 13

Hyana crocura, Linn. ....-........ 44 Forskallii, Westw....... 11

VULGARIS, Desm. .......... 44 latipennis, Westw...... 12

Hylobates leucogenys, Ogilby.....-.-. 63 Olivieri, Westw. ....+. 13

Hypsiprymuus Gilbertii, Gould...... 14 pallida, Westw...-..+++ 11

Tanthocinela variegata, Gould ....... 6 Petiveri, Westw. ......- 9

Ibis faleinellus, Cuv. ...cccsecseeceaees 7 setacea, Westw. .. 13

INSECTIVORA .....+0 TVG: ceewates 42-43 | Nemoptera, Latr. ....-sssseceseesscnes 3

Taros lewcogenys vecvicsecevecnecseveecens 6 | Nemoptera alba, Oliv. .....seceseees 13

Kemas hylocrias, Ogilby ......+...+++ 63 aristata, Klug .......+++ 13

Lagorchestes conspicillatus, Gould. 81 dacillaris, Klug ..... Ratan eis

Lepades ..cssseeccveccccsvevccrnrscesanes 74 barbara, Klug ......... ssa s!

Lepus Tibetanus, Waterh............- 7 capillaris, Klug .......++. 13

Lingula compressa, Reeve ........+-.. 100 Cody Olin’. S202tereeeees 10

Ovalis, Reeve coeeeseeceeesceees 100 Coa, Latr. ....0006 ater8t 10

tumidula, Reeve .........5. me. 00 costata, Klug ......0.066 13

Listroderes apicalis, Waterh......... Lel23 dilatata, Klug ..... gt

costirostris, Scho. ...... 122 extensa, OLIV. wes-ceseeeee il

pilosus, Waterh.........- 122 halterata, Fal).......00... 11

robustus, Waterh. ...... 122 haiterata, Oliv. ...-....- 13

subcostatus, Waterh... 121 halterata, Klug .....+... 12

Lobivanellus, n. g., Strickl. ...... her "S2 latipennis, Burm. ....... 12

Lophophorus Impeyanus, Vig. ....++- 6 lusitanica, Ramb. ....... 10

LUTRA VULGARIS, Erxl. ..........605 44 lusitanica, Leach ...... 10

Lycaon TRICOLOR, Brookes......... 44 pallida, Oliv. «....s.+0e0e 12

Macrorvus Bennetti, Waterh. ... 50 setacea, Klug ...... taeace® NES

laniger, Quoy & Gaim.... 14 Ssinuata, Oliv. «ese. 10

MARSUPIALIA.ssseeseeeeeee A NII: 49 | Nemopteryx Africana, Leach ...... 12

MELEs vuLeaRis, Desm. ......-.-... 44 | Nettapus puichellus, Gowld ........ 89

Menura superba, Auct. ......:..6.060 41 | Nueifraga hemispila, Vig. ....... eee eA

Merganetta, n.g., Gould ....+.+++... 95 | Nyctelia angustata, Waterh........ oe LUG

Merganetta armata, Gould....... yen es Darwinii, Waterh. ......... 108

Merops apiaster, Linn. ............... 6 ebenina, Auct.......... ween 118

Metallonotus denticollis, Gray ....... 67 erythropus, Auct. .......... 119

Mitra Stainforthii, Reeve ...........4. 93 Fitz-Royi, Curtis............ 109

Mollusca conchifera .........:00e0cc00 74 granulata, Curtis............ 109

Motacilla alba, Linn. .......66.....0.06 47 Guerinii, Waterh. ......... 114

dugubrisy Pallsieene We 6 levis, Waterh. «10... Sess OOS

Moulinsia Nunezii, Grateloup ....... 10] Newportii, Waterh. ........ 113

Moschus aquaticus, Ogilby......... 63, 68 nodosa, Liat. ....0...-..20e -- 116

Muscicapa leucocilla, Hahn ........... 29 - pilipes, Guerin. ............ 121

Muscipeta castanea, Temm. ....... WD plicata, Waterh. ....-...00+5 107

Muscisawicola rufivertex, D’Orb.... 94 puncticollis, Waterh....... 110

MUSTEEIDAD will. ee ce ceeeecseeee tees 43 rugosa, Waterh. ............ lll

Musteva Furo, Linn................. 44 Saundersii, Waterh. ....... 111

ZoritiA, Desm. ....... 44 Solieri, Waterh. ....... wa. 108

Narcine Tasmaniensis, Rich. ......... 22 Stephensii, Waterh. ....... 113

Nasva Fusca, Desm. ........ b8% 44 subsuleata, Waterh. ....... 110

RUFA, Desm........... Date. 44 sulcicollis, Waterh........ do LES

Nematoptera Africana, Westw....... 12 transverso-sulcata, Waterh. 106

angulata, Westw. ...... 12 | Odontopus CYANCUS .recceccecececeeees 67

aristata, Westw. «+... 13 CUPTCUS ....000... Pa OL: 67

bacillaris, Westw....... 12 speciosus, Dej....... wees! GD

barbara, Westw. ...... ll tristis, Westw............. 67

bipennis, Westw. ...... 10 violaceus, Silberm....... 67

capillaris, Westw........ 13 | Oriolus galbuloides, Gould ....... ee

Coquebertii, Westw. .... 10 | Osphranter, n.g., Gould ........0.... 80

costalis, Westw.......... 12 | Osphranter Antilopinus, Gould .... 80

dilatata, Westw. ...... 11 ; (?) isabellinus, Gould... 81

entensa, Westw. »..+.-. 11 | Ostracion lenticularis, Rich. ........ 21

132 INDEX.

Page Page

Panorpa Cod, Linn.. .......seeeeeeeeee 10 | Pupina bicanaliculata, Sow. Jun. ... 103

halterata, Linn. ............ 10 exigua, Sow. JUN. ........00s+ 103

halterata, Fab. .scs.sseeseee il humilis, Sow. Jun..........+5+ 108

halterata, Forskall......... ll Keraudrenii, Sow. Jun....... 103

bipennis, Mllig......- 2.0.00 10 lubrica, Sow. Jun. ..........-- 102

PARADOXURUS BINOTATUS, Gray... 44 Nunezii, Sow. Jun. ...s.-.00 101

BONDAR «....0..00-. 44 pellucida, Sow. Jum. ........ » 102

LEUCOMYSTAX,Gray 44 similis, Sow. Jum. ....e000000 102

Pardalotus maculatus, Terom. ...... 29 vitrea, Sow. Jun. ....0:>-.050% 102

percussus, Temm. ...... 29 | Pyenocerus costatus ....++1+-+s1eeesss 67

thoracicus, Temmi. ...... 29 Westermanni, Hope ..... 67

Parra dominica, Ginel. .®.......+ ... 33 | Pyrrhula ceruleus, Vieill. ........+++-

goensis, GMEl. ...ccreseceereeeees 33 | Querquedula Crecea, Stephsyagent <7. 7

ludovicianus, Gmel. ......++++ .. 33 | Ranella albofasciata, Sow. Jun..... toe

Senegala, Linn. ...-+2+0e++++00+ + od cruentata, Sow. Jun,.......-- 51

Sinensis, Lath. ...cecsecvsseoess. 7 nana, Sow. JUN. \asesisineens 51

Pastor Mahratiensis .......+...+000.. 6 neglecta, Sow. Jun. ss... 52

BER AMETESS Westen ere dee Ress exe |, ee rhodostoma, Sow. Jun....,.. 52

PeRAMELES LAGoris, Reid ......... 50 rugosa, Sow. JUN. ....6-.+0 . OF

Perdix Chukar, Lath. ....ccsceeeveeee 6 subgranosa, Sow. Jun. ...... 52

Petrocincla Pandoo, Sykes 4... 6 vexillum, Sow. Jun. .....-.++ 51

sawatilis, Vig. ....00...6++ 6 | Sarciophorus, n. g., Sériekl. ...:....++ 32

Petrogale robusta, GOUld ........604+ 81 | Schizodon, n. subgen., Waterh....... 91

PETAURISTA SCIUREUS, Geoff. ...... 51 | Schizodon fuseus, Waterh. ...... 91, 93

PHALANGISTA NANA, Geoff.......-.. 50 | Scolopax rusticola, Linn. .. riers

VULPINA, Desm..... 50 | Scytalopus fuseus, Gould ......+++++5 94

PHascoLomys WomBAT, Semnopithecus Johnii, Fischer ...... 63

Peron et Lesu 51 | Simia Morio, Owen..........+: San the 55

Phasianus albocristatus, Vig..-...-... 6 Wurmbii, Auct. .....s0e0ees wwe OD

Pucrasia, Vig. ...++1.... 6 | Sorex TETRAGONURUS, Herm....... 44

Stacei, Vig. ..cscesceeeees .. 6 | Spheneacus, n. g., Strichl........-000 28

Philomachus coronatus .....0.e0e0-+++ 32 | Sphenura Africanus (Gm. me Levaill. 28

SPINOSUE i. Vesdaeecevssere 32 Tibicen, Licht. .....:.0+05 28

PHOCALVITULINA \).. Aviveckst epee woo, 44 | Squatarola wiiiscsscsicevanssocpsesssneye i eyB2

PHOCIDAD ....c0scecsecesvoncccsacces 42-43 | Stephanophorus, n. g., Strickl. ...... 30

Phenicornis brevirostris, Vig. .....- 6 | Sturnella loica, Auct......-.ssceceeeeee 93

Phenicura leucocephala, Vig. ......- 6 | Tatra Europma, Linn. ..........- o 44

Picus aurantius, Linn. ...2+.+0s.-.0ee 31 | Tanagra diadema, Temm. ............ 31

Bengalensis, Gmel. ....... Se 31 | Tetraogallus Nigellit, Gray.sssesoviase 6

erythronotus, Vieill.....0-++++0 31 | TinochorusD’ Orbignyanus, Is.Geoff. 95

Goensis, Gmel......+.+++ eters 31 | Tichodroma phenicoptera,Temm.... 6

hematribon, Wagl. s.s00..---- 31 | Troglodytes niger, AUCt..sceseee 97

Magellanicus, Vig. ....... St 94 | Tropiopoda .......sesereveeres wiepetadnad eee

neglectus, Wagl. ....+++ stnleeeewe 31 | Turdus atrogularis, Temm. ......06. 6

nuchalis, Wagl. sercecrcceereee 6, 31 | Turtur auritus, Ray .c..cceccseccesee 6

palalacca, Wagl. ...... piietewere 31 | Upupa Epops, Linn, «..eeccerereeees 972

peralaimus, Wagl. seeeresceees 31 | Upucerthia dumetoria, Is. Geoff. .... 94

Philippinarum, Lath. ......... 31 | Ursus AMERICANUS, Pall. ....... ww. 44

PEANTIGHADA) A vestt Jisl i casedesees 42-43 ARcTOS, Linns <.5:cevses ss 44

Platyrhynchus filicaudus, Spix ...... 29 FEROX, Lewis & Cl. ..1..... 44

Preugena carbonaria, Klug .......... 67 LABIATUS, De Blainy. s..... 44

MATGINALA seecerereveees eee 67 MARITIMUS, Lint.....ereeeeee 44

rubripes, Laporte ......... 67 | Vanellus, Temm.....ccssecreereereeee Bae

Prionochilus, n. g., Strickl. ..+......- 29 albiceps, Gould ........6++5+ 33

Prioscelis crassicornis, Westw. ...... 67 cayennensis...... Bvehceis i semis

serrata ...... anes Saccsenne’ wON Cayenensis, Steph. ...... 32, 94

PROCYON LOTOR, CUV. ....seeseeeseeee 44 cuculatus, Term. .....+. Pe |)

Psectrascelis pilipes, Solier ........- 121 | Viverra Crverra, Linn............. 44

Pterocles arenarius, Temi. ......+.- 6 TIGRINA, Schreb. ......... 44

Pteropoda ...... Beasaesunns sche ceosceee GA | VIVERRIDAS vicesterntsssisetsccessss 42-43

Piteroptochos Tarnii, G. R. Gray ... 94

Zophosis nodosa, Germ. «-+s+0ee0+e++6 116

”s

—" F

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,

BY R. AND J. E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

a he nl

a gee 40'S We. eee

and tila + Ri

LIST

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articles contributed by each.

Biyrtu, E., Esq. page

Abstract of a Letter from, relating to various Species of

Birds which are found both in India and Europe . 93

Broverip, W. J., Esq.

Descriptions ‘of New i of Be iy from the Collection

of H. Cuming, Esq. . 53

Brooke, JAmeEs, Esq.

Exhibition of a Series of Skulls of the prete spect 5

sented by 9

Cantor, Dr.

Letter from, containing a list of a Collection of Shells from

Chusan, presented to the Society . 194

Cooper, W. D., Esq.

Notes relating to the Habits of the Bassaris astuta, com-

municated by . P 3 10

Dersy, The Earl of.

Letter from, relating to the hatching and rearing of two

young Fire-back Pheasants and four young Rheas in his

Lordship’s Menagerie ° - 131

Letter from, relating to the hatching some Reds, Bes . 147

Notice of a valuable Collection of a ela and Ge

presented by - 196

Dickson, E. D., Esq.

Letter from . a8 bw

Dickson, E. D., Esq., and H. J. Ross, Esq.

Numerous specimens presented by, exhibited . 197

Ewer, WatTer, Esq. page

List of a Collection of Birds from India, presented by. . 92

Fraser, L., Esq.

Exhibition of New Species of Quadrupeds collected at

Fernando Po . . . < y teaimea he (lees

On some New Species of Birds from Fernando Povagee stead

On New Species of Birds collected in the Piper Expe-

dition. . . 144

On two New Species of Birds from Western n Africa, be-

longing to the genera Strix and Pitia. . . 189

Exhibition of a Specimen of the Galago Senegalensis and

description of a New Species of Shrew from Fernando Po . 200

FremBLy, J., Esq., R.N.

Letter fon. A 1

Exhibition of a Collection of Fishes from Brazil, presented

by SED oe Oreos seconde om rGe | NG,

Gervais, M. P. and M. J. VERREAUx.

On a new Genus of Marsupial Animals, Zarszpes rostratus. 1

GouLp, J., Esq.

On a New Species of Petrogale,—P. inornata . . . . 5

On some New Species of Australian Mammals . . . . 10

On New Species of Birds from Australia . . 17

Characters of a New Species of Perameles, and a New w Spe-

cies of Dasyurus. . . 41

On two New Species of Kangaroo ( Petrogale c coneinna ahd

Halmaturus Binoé). . . 57

Characters of two New Species of Australian Haleyonida 72

On a New Species of Hawk <, beronenne. to the Genus

Elanus. . . : 80

Elanus ser iptus, Gould | . = Bare oer 0)

On two New Genera of Birds belonging , one to the Family

Sylviade, and the other to the Family Psittacide. seh

On two New Species of Australian Birds belone ims to ‘the

Genera Astur and Lobivanellus . . - 113

Descriptions of thirty New Species of Birds from Australia 131

On a New peri of Parrot peloneing to the Genus beg

philus . . * 165

On various new species of Ortye . PRES A eee ae

Gray, G. R., Esq.

Letter from, containing Observations upon the Species of

Ketraogallus .. 2) Me ns a na ot hw yee

GuLLiver, Grorecr, Esq.

Observations on the Muscular Fibres of the Gisophagus

and Heart in some of the Vertebrate Animals . . 63

Observations on the Semen and Seminal Tubes of Nee

Malia ANUS ILAS es ee ben lw lh Sales oS et neta Ite Dy

—S ee

GULLIVER, GrorGe, Esq. page

On_ the Blood-corpuscles of the Ibex of Candia ( Capra

Caucasica, Guld) .

On the Blood- corpuscles of the British Ophidian Reptiles,

and Observations on the Blood- oo pai of other ‘ct

rous Vertebrata

On the Blood-corpuscles of some of the Struthionide .

Additional Measurements of the Blood-corpuscles or Red

Particles of Mammalia and Birds : oe eee anos

Han ey, Sytvanus, Esq.

Descriptions of four New Species of Bivalve Shells be-

longing to the Genera. Solen, Psammobia and Cytherea .

Harvey, J. B., Esq.

Exhibition of two New CPP of Penne Animals, BR

sented by : ‘ .

Horr, The Rev. F. W.

Monograph on the Coleopterous Family Phyllophoride .

Jonas, Dr. J. H.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the

Genera Helix and Bulimus, collected by Mr. Cuming in the

Philippine Islands aS sae lel ee iC Yh ii a

Lowe, The Rev. R. T.

Description of a new Dorsibranchiate Gasteropod, disco-

vered at Madeira . CUI rts ea hd uler ob

Martin, WituiaM, Esq.

Notes on the Habits of the Horned Screamer stonete

cornuta, Linn.) ape ag a a. (cua sets

Moore. E. L., Esq.

Letter from, and exhibition of a young Harp Seal sae

Greenlandica, Miiller) presented by Fh cat ne Nita

Murray, The Hon. CHartes.

Exhibition of Specimens presented by .

Newport, G., Esq.

On some New Genera of the Class Myriapoda

Owen, Professor.

Monograph on the Apien ye australis, including its Myo-

logy .

Observations upon a Specimen of the Pearly "Nautilus

(Nautilus Pompilius) obtained by Capt. Belcher, R.N., at

Amboina : .

On the Anatomy of Lithedaphus Tongir ostris, Owen

On the Anatomy of Pholadomya candida . :

PeriT DE LA Saussaye, M.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the

Genus Auricula, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. . . + +

- 107

- 108

- 140

- 190

- 122

- 188

Preirrer, Dr. L. page

Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the

Genera Helix and Bulimus, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in

the Philippine Islands : 84

Descriptions of New Species of Shells, collected by "Hugh

Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands - 150

Descriptions of some New Species of Helicide, collected

by Mr. Bridges in the northern parts of Chile . « 186

PoinTER, H., Esq.

Various Specimens presented by, exhibited > 197

Reciuz, M. C. A.

Descriptions of various Species of Navicella, collected by

Hugh Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands . . - 54’

Descriptions of New Species of Nerites, collected by H.

Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands : . 168

Reeve, Lovett, Esq.

Monograph of Crassatella, a genus of Fe eet Mol-

lusks . 42

Descriptions of New Species of Shells, prineipally from ‘the

Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. . . 49

Descriptions of four New Species of Achatina 55

Monograph of the Genus Tornatella spies 58

Descriptions of two New Species of Oniscia, a Genus of

Pectinibranchiate Mollusks 91

Descriptions of New Species of Delphinula, a Genus of

Pectinibranchiate Mollusks of the Family Turbinacea 102

On a New Species of the Genus Murex . 104

On the Genus Phorus, a group of agelutinating “Mollusks

of the Family Zurbinacea . 160

Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the

Genera Trochus and Turbo . . . - 184

Descriptions of New Aaa of Shells s figured in the ‘Con-

chologia Systematica’ 197

Ross, H. J., Esq.

Letters frome oi aif oie | she spe eta oo ses coe pene

Ross, H.J., Esq., and E. D. Dickson, Esq.

Numerous Specimens presented by, exhibited 197

Riprevy, Dr. E.

On two New Species of Chizerhis from Abyssinia . 8

Suaw, ALEXANDER N., Esq.

Lettersifrom:t) Veneers, 1a A ee esa)

SoweErsy, G. B., Esq.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the

Genus Cyclostoma, collected by F Fi, ke a in the Phi-

lippine Islands His :

vii

Sowersy, G. B., Esq., Jun.

Descriptions of some New Species of Helicine, in the col-

lection of H. Cuming, Esq. .

Descriptions of two New Species of Shells belonging to ‘the

Genus Strombus, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. .

Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Peeten, figured

in Sowerby’s ‘ Thesaurus Conchyliorum’ . Sy Ait ESL

* On a New Species of the Genus Fostellaria .

Srancer, Dr.

page

- 143

- 163

- 165

Exhibition of various Reptiles and Fishes, presented by . 47

SrrickLAnD, H. E., Esq.

Account of the Birds in the Chinese Collection exhibited

at Hyde Park Corner Satie divas ree hicee) eres DAG

Tuomsoy, T. S., Esq.

Notes on the Habits of the Bassaris astuta 10

VerreAux, M. Juves, and M. Gervais.

On a New Genus of Happauel eine (Taree rostra-

tus) . Ake ; Sara a tao

WarTeEruHovsE, G. R., Esq.

On two New ne of Marsupial Animals from South

Australia . yay

Observations of some Species of Mammalia from Borneo . 114

Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds collected ioe

Mr. Fraser at Fernando Po : 124

Descriptions of two New Species of the Genus Mus 145

Westwoop, J. O., Esq.

On various Coleopterous Insects from Western Africa be-

longing to the Section Heteromera . BPN Sag

YARRELL, W., Esq.

Exhibition of some Plates of a New Work on the Mam-

malia of North America, by Mr. Audubon and Dr. Bachman . 176

i; x. | ar :

, ; 4 f i ii

ae BR sedi ae Vee pee,

aed ae mien ed aS AL OA

% he fae dt bicgnlel, ‘3 saat po studs to ana tiem eal

= : Bi he Se nahid SoBe oD se -padl aime: tes

‘a sees rs salad, allimiP. lo esion(®, wa oun odkdont ae

Ber: aE yn se ess SOR quensy! D-H fetioailog rwashiworshe. arch

Bah ih ee tee nat aren Bue) oil? Tey eisoyet Tr Fe, merit ;

aa WeaAs iv

ects: as CORI be els ohitab the a “gmnurroilz dened aiPrusest l *

es bray esl ad it) ~ | siseitiias enna ads to. loo wai

aS pe rete hy te 4 = = eS

Page SV ie disse 3 ten ae

aay a oe hutisonong aie | ben a0 tives 38 scotia To iO

io _ wae ,

Satter AR dT Mt

‘ heya " bi ie At “ - pact i e es ¢

Re Age Mee ified oitosilo:). ao ahiO atid ntebst oft Yo trge

a ap MP Git ee Beacw Sf Vente? eDee

nat : A ; rs Js ¥ Pa ¢ “x. Brg n ’ .

Bees 2 ' . spat 48

rr ARE to Lee gee’ Ri phe sre est) 1d etids lL ont uo<

ee: é five deed ! ; i

2 ee ae Akt “PTAvAaD We. bas ettat

Roe et sr hdaon, pseeh) as saint aia M Beis

%: . i iti > p a <

Sale d {dere “op *

ar ey Peg Tt coe. : i ig

aE 9 ater piniee fg cil to es

2 Me SE Ne at EN a) Aare

BP -- OSs Jrevout wart pile, we wivey? prs 40,

Be A Holand Fhsqrabgh Bt Lo br te to et oli

aR, Sameer: 23 MOP M Ie a 8 pei % dhe

pone ar Oved ie anc

vomits ae teu i

. ee: aru

rth Qn M0 he eee te east pie

ch. BF miptthad eis perrrn ih wi

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 11, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from the Society’s corresponding member, H. J. Ross,

Esq., was read. In this letter (which is dated Lamsoon, Nov. 28th,

1841,) Mr. Ross announces his receipt of various papers forwarded

to him by the Society, and observes, that as he is going to a part of

Kaissarich where collectors have not yet been, he hopes to procure

specimens that may be acceptable to the Society. Mr. Ross also

states in his letter that the Common Green Woodpecker of Europe

(Picus viridis, Auct.) is to be found in great numbers at Trebizond,

and that he has shot them as high as Gumushkhaugh, which is be-

tween Erzeroom and Trebizond. At the last-mentioned place Mr.

Ross has left some specimens of birds in spirits to be forwarded to

the Society.

A letter from J. Frembly, Esq., R.N., corresponding member,

was next read. It is dated Gibraltar, December 8th, 1841; and

chiefly refers toa collection of Brazilian Fishes, which Mr. Frembly

had forwarded for the Society’s Museum.

__ The collection of Fishes referred to in Mr. Frembly’s letter was

laid before the Meeting.

M. P. Gervais exhibited a drawing representing the details of a

new genus of Marsupial animals, and communicated to the Meeting,

in his own name and that of M. Jules Verreaux, the description of

this new Mammal, which formed part of a collection brought from

Swan River, and, in the opinion of the authors of the paper, will con-

‘stitute among the Marsupialia the type of a distinct family, for which

these naturalists propose the name Tarsipedide, and for the species

the name of Tarsipes rostratus.

In general appearance, observe the authors, the Tarsipes ros-

tratus bears some resemblance to a Shrew (Sorex); but the head is

longer, and the muzzle is much elongated. The head and body to-

gether measure 44 French inches, and the tail 34 inches. The fur

is tolerably dense, and composed of shortish silky adpressed hairs,

No. CVIII.—Procerprnes or tar Zoot. Soc,

which are of a slate-grey colour next the skin, and yellowish exter-

nally. The back is of a brownish yellow colour, and a dorsal black

stripe extends from the shoulders to the base of the tail, and on each

side of this stripe the fur assumes a paler hue: the upper part of the

head and muzzle are of the same brownish colour as the: back ; the

under side of the body as well as the inner side of the limbs are

yellowish ; the hairs of the moustaches are brown, and tolerably

long, some about one inch in length. The muzzle is terminated by

a little mujfle; the nostrils are laterally pierced and virguliform ; the

inter-nasal furrow is nearly equal in length to the nostrils. The tail

is furnished at the base with fur like that of the body, but the greater

portion is covered with short hairs, as in the rat tribe: its extremity

is naked beneath, but the naked portion is but a few lines in length.

The ears are tolerably short, somewhat rounded, and may be com-

pared to those of the Shrews.

The animal is plantigrade; its hinder limbs are rather longer

than those in front. The palm of the hand is naked, as well as that

of the foot, which is rather narrow and somewhat elongated, as in

certain climbmg Mammals. ‘The fore-feet are provided with five

toes, which are free, moderately short, and naked beneath as well as

the part above, on the ungueal phalanx of which the digital pad is

large, and forms a little cushion, as in the fingers of the Lemuride

which are provided with three pairs of mamme (Tuarsius, Galago,

and Cheirogale): the thumb has the same direction as the other fin-

gers, and like them it has a little depressed nail, which covers but a

small portion of the apical fleshy pad. The middle finger is the largest,

the fingers joining it are nearly equal in length, and the thumb is

rather shorter than the outer finger.

The principal peculiarities in the hinder limbs consist'in the

smallness of the middle toe and that next it on the inner side, and

these toes are united as far as the last phalanx, as in the Syndactile

Marsupialia, and like these animals, are provided each with a pointed

nail bearing some resemblance to a little hoof. The thumb is op-

poseable to the other toes, has no nail, but terminated by a fleshy pad:

the fourth and fifth toes are provided with a pad similar to that of

the corresponding toes of the fore-feet ; they have moreover small de-

ressed nails, which do not extend to the outer margins of the pad :

the fourth toe is the largest, and the fifth, though shorter, extends

beyond the line of the two syndactile toes.

Before pointing out certain peculiarities of the skeleton of the

Tarsipes, we may add, that in the male the scrotum is suspended in

advance of the penis, and that in the female the mamme, four in

number, are placed inanabdominal pouch. ‘There is but one opening

for excretion and defecation.

In Paris there are several specimens of this singular animal.

The skull of a female studied by MM. Gervais and Verreaux had

the hinder part, as well as the lower portion in the mesial line,

injured; and this circumstance, combined with its small size, ob-

seryes these authors, renders it difficult of examination; they were

able, however, to observe many of its essential characters.

— ae

The skull is much elongated, especially its facial portion; and

studying it isolately, one would be tempted to refer it to an animal

of the Edentate order, and probably to the family of Ant-eaters,

Myrmecophaga, &c. ‘The sutures of its bones are not obliterated as

those of the Monotremata of the same age, but their distinction is less

marked on the face than in the cranial region properly so called.

The nasal bones are elongated, and terminate in an angle project-

ing at their point of junction with the anterior margin of the fron-

tals; these are contracted at the interorbital portion, but they pre-

sent no postorbital process to contribute towards the formation of a

complete circular orbit : their antero-posterior development exceeds

the transverse diameter.

The skull is broader in the parietal region, and the brain appears to

have been more voluminous than in most other marsupial animals. In

this form of cranium we perceive an analogy in the genus Macroscelides.

The cranial cavity is proportionally more ample than in the great

Ant-eater (Myrmecophaga jubata). ‘The occipital vertebra in the in-

dividual described is not perfect, and does not extend beyond the an-

terior occipital or interparietal, which is large and much broader than

in the Myrmecobius. The ex-occipital, or, more correctly perhaps,

the mastoid, articulates with the lateral margin of that bone. There

is neither parietal crest nor occipital. The two temporal fossz com-

municate by a nearly circular opening. The palatine portion of the

intermaxillaries, and the anterior portion of the maxillary bones,

have two small incisive foramina, and these are somewhat elongated ;

there is moreover in the palate two elongated openings, separated

only by a very narrow bony ridge; the posterior boundaries of

these openings and the termination of the palate, owing to the frac-

tured condition of the skull, could not be seen. The suture between

the nasal and maxillary bones, as well as the lachrymal, which is rather

small, are nearly obliterated; the lachrymal canal is visible. The

maxillaries, the length of which is proportionate to the nasal bones,

give origin to a zygomatic process, and in fact there exists a complete

zygomatic arch. The malar bone is of moderate thickness and

depth ; its posterior portion gives off a small process which projects

aboye the temporal apophysis, and appears to represent, in a rudi-

mentary condition, the little osseous temporal process observed in the

Echidna, rather than a true orbital process of the zygoma, which in

fact is wanting, as well as the orbital process of the frontal; and in

this respect the Tarsipes differs from the Myrmecobius, with which

there exists an analogy as regards some other characters. The al-

veolar portion of the maxillaries is very hard and presents a cutting

edge, which is elevated in such a manner as to give to the palate a

slightly concave surface.

The infra-orbital opening is small, and placed in a longitudinal

groove of the maxillary bone situated a little in advance of the bone

of the zygomatic process through which it is perforated.. The

auditory bulle are convex, and nearly continuous with the squamous

portion of the temporal. The tympanic circle is complete, and com-

municates in a direct manner with the bull by a large canal, which

permits of the interior of the chamber being seen. ‘The articulation

of the squamous portion with the great ala of the sphenoid, is oblique

from the inferior margin of the zygomatic process in the anterior cen-

tral portion of the bone of the auditory chamber. The lower part

of the squamous element and this outer portion of the pterygoid are

on the same plane, and though bulbous, they dg not form a second

auditory chamber, as in some marsupials, but merely an inflated por-

tion of the cranial cavity. The glenoid cavity for the articulation of

the lower jaw is indistinct. This jaw resembles in general form that

of Myrmecophaga jubata, and it moreover bears a considerable ana-

logy to that of the Monotremata. It is subiinear, slender, almost

without a trace of coronoid process, and there being no angular pro-

cess, it does not present the peculiar conformation of this part of the

lower jaw which characterizes all the known marsupials ;° and the

condyle, instead of being transverse as in these animals, is situated at

the apex of a little curvature formed by the entire masseteric portion

of the maxillary, approaches to a circular form, and is somewhat

oblique in its direction, as in the Myrmecophaga jubata and in the

Monotremata. In the Myrmecobius an approach to this disposition

of the condyle is observable. The masseteric depression is in the

form of a longitudinal cleft, which is much longer than the cleft found

in certain species of Macropodide, and very much resembles that which

we observe in the lower jaw of some birds. The two inferior maxillary

are joined at the symphysis by a ligament only, but their junction ap-

pears to be more perfect than in the Edentata in general: these

bones are as remarkable for their compact structure as for their trans-

parency.

Of the remaining portion but few parts are known, viz. the radius

and the inferior portion of the cubitus; these are separated in their

whole length; the tibia and the fibula, which are also separated as

far as their articulation with the tarsus; the fibula is much com-

pressed at its upper extremity.

The dental system of the Tarsipes is most anomalous: the lower

jaw presents in front a pair of cultriform teeth which have the same

horizontal direction as the jaw ; the basal portion of these teeth is

narrower than the other portion, and the root is very deeply inserted

into the jaw; the apical portion is unfortunately broken. ‘These

teeth are applied one against the other by their internal surface.

Near the posterior third of the dental portion of the same jaw isa

small transparent gemmiform tooth, which has the appearance of a

little process recurved angularly outwards.

On the anterior third of the left side of the upper jaw are three

small teeth ; the first, which appears to be im the incisive bones, and

which is in a line with the incisive openings, is in the form of a

minute simple tubercle ; the third, which is situated at the hinder

extremity of the anterior third of the dental portion of the jaw, is

also gemmiform, rather slender, longer than the first, and somewhat

inclined forwards. Between this and the foremost tooth is another

tooth, which is smaller than either, and situated nearer to the third

than the second tooth. All these teeth are transparent and have but

; 5

one root; they are all which could be found in the specimen ex-

amined ; and it is only by inspecting several individuals that the

dental formula of this little animal could be correctly ascertained.

It is supposed by the authors, that in front of the foremost pair of

teeth of the upper jaw here described, another tooth exists, the root

of which only is visible; if such should be the case, there would

then be three pairs of incisors of unequal size in the upper jaw, and

behind these a canine, which is the largest of those teeth.

The Tarsipes, as has been shown, presents characters which could

scarcely be supposed to exist in a single species, and affords an ad-

ditional proof that the inspection of a single portion of any animal

is not sufficient for the determination of the peculiarities of other

parts. Its feet are those of an animal elevated in the scale of

organization, and nearly resemble those of the Tarsius, differing

only in the union of the second and third toes of the hind-feet.

The Tarsipes also having these two toes shorter than the others and

provided with subulated nails; the singular form of its teeth, and,

above all, the analogy which its skull bears with that of the Mono-

delph Edentata and Monotremata, render it difficult to determine

the rank which the Tarsipes ought to occupy among the Syn-

dactylous Marsupialia. It may be observed that it makes a con-

siderable approach to Myrmecobius, an animal which, in some re-

spects, has likewise affinities with the Hdentata; but here the feet

nearly resemble those of the Dasyuri. The Tarsipes in all proba-

bility had a long tongue, as in the Echidna and the Myrmecophaga ;

and it appears, according to the observations made by Lieutenant

Dale and Mr. Gilbert, and communicated to M. Gervais by Mr. .

Waterhouse, that the tongue of the Myrmecobius is also very long.

Mr. Gould exhibited a new species of Petrogale, which he charac-

terized as follows :—

PeTROGALE 1NoRNATA. Petr. facie et dorso arenaceo-cinereis ;

humeris canescente irroratis, lateribus pallidioribus absque notis

conspicuis ; antibrachiis tarsisque arenaceo-cinereis digitis ad api-

cem saturate fuscis ; caudd dimidid basali arenaceo-fuscd.

Hab. North coast of Australia.

General colour of the upper parts sandy grey, grizzled over the

shoulders, and becoming much lighter on the flanks; an indistinct

line, of a lighter hue, along the face under the eye; a dusky red

patch behind the elbow; under surface sandy white, inclining to

rufous on the lower part of the abdomen; arms and tarsi sandy grey,

passing into dark brown at the extreme tips of the toes; basal half

of the tail sandy brown, the remainder black, the former colour ex-

tending along the sides of the tail for some distance towards the tip ;

ears sandy grey, bordered by a very narrow line of dark brown on

their inner edge; a dark patch at the occiput, passing into a dark

line down the forehead.

Female.

Feet. Inches.

Length from the tip of the nose to the extremity of \ 3 9

PR rset ele a oi ons bel Steinraaed’ cal pele n ota ees

Vemethy Ol fats bcm ogee pet amet d ys a ibtyic' + etnies 1 3

Length of tarsus and toes, including the nails....... 0 5}

Length of arm and hand, including the nails ...... 0 5

Length of face, from the tip of the nose to the base 1

0 43

Of the Car a otra ea” poecnaes hayeld op) Tene Mted na proto “4

See RORUNOL COTS tee bE loinie cant Hein ol g othe uel ie ae 0 13

This new species, for which I am indebted to the kindness of B.

Bynoe, Esq., of H.M.S. Beagle, differs from all the other members

of the genus in the unusual uniformity of its colouring. Mr. Bynoe

collected it on the north coast of Australia, and this is all that is at

present known respecting it. In size it is about equal to the P. /a-

teralis of the western coast, to which, as also to P. penicillata, it is

very nearly allied, but differs from both in being destitute of any

markings on the sides, in the absence of any dark colouring behind

the ears, and in the light colouring of the arms and tarsi.

The following “‘ Descriptions of some new species of Helicine, in

the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.,” by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun.,

was read :—

Heuicina stR1aTuLA, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, by G. B. Sowerby,

jun., fig. 43. Hel. testa subdepressd, concentrice substriatd, fulvo-

rufescente ; uperturd subquadratd, margine albo, crasso, reflexo,

integro, subsinuato, postice subdepresso.

Alt. +23; lat. *30 poll. ‘

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

The margin of the aperture in this species is slightly lobed, and

sinuous above and below.

Heicina MAXIMA, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. fig. 11. Hel. testi

globosd, subdepressd, levi, albd ; aperturd magnd, semilunari,

margine reflexo, acuto ; labio interno crassiusculo ; columella ob-

tusé angulatd.

Alt. °50; lat. 1 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. H. Cuming.

Rather more depressed and larger than H. Major, with the base

of the columella angulated instead of being notched.

HeELicina acuTissima, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. fig. 92 to 95.

Hel. testd plus minusve depressd, concentricé leviter striatd, an-

gulari, acutissime carinatd, infra angulos paululiim complanatd ;

apertura triangulart ; labio interno tenuissimo ; columella subcom-

planaté, ad basim subundatd ; labio externo acuto, valide reflexo,

expanso, super angulum subdepresso.

Hab. apud ins. Philippinas. H. Cuming legit.

Var. a. 7. luted, rufescente, fascid rubra infra angulo posita. Alt,

35; lat. °70. Hab. Jacna, ins. Bohol.

Var. b. T. luted, rufescente, fasciis rubris tribus ornatd. Hab. Jacna,

ins. Bohol.

Var. c. T. pallide luted, fascid rubra infra angulum, et alterd prope

suturam positd. Alt. °25; lat. -40 poll. Mab. Siquijor.

Var. d. T. pallidé luted. Hab. Argao, ins. Zebu.

Var. e. T. luted, subtis rubra ; carind albd. Hab. Argao, ins. Zebu.

Var. f. T. fused, nigricante. Hab. Loboc, ins. Bohol.

Var. g. T. rubrd, absque fasciis. Hab. Loboc, ins. Bohol.

The above are found on leaves of small shrubs.

Heuicina Trocurrormis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 90. Hel.

testa luted, Helicine acutissime simillimd, sed spird altiori ; labio

externo postice subdepresso.

Alt. *20; lat. :30.

Hab, Ins. Negros, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

Found on leaves of palms on mountains. It differs from H. acu-

tissima principally in being much more conical, and in having the

upper part of the outer lip more depressed.

Heuicina minuta, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 40, 41. Hel.

testd parvd, depressd, subangulatd, rubrd vel stramined ; margine

erasso, effuso ; labio interno calloso ; columellé ad basim subemar-

ginatd.

Alt. *10; lat. -15 poll.

Tab. ? Mas. H. Cuming.

HELIcina aGGLuTINANS, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 83 to 85. Hel.

_ testd depressda, angulatd, obtuse carinatd, supra infraque equaliter

converd, minute concentricé striatd ; aperturd quadrilaterali ; labio

interno tenuisstmo ; columelld triangulari, complanatd, subumbili-

catd, ad basin obtuse angulatd ; labio externo effuso, reflero, pos-

tice leviter depresso ; operculo crassiusculo, irregulariter quadrila-

terali ; epidermide aliquando per adhesionem rupium fragmento-

rum ni carinam latam preruptam productd.

Alt. +45; long. *75 poll.

Hab. apud ins. Philippinas. H. Cuming legit.

Var. a. T. luted. Ins. Guimaras.

Var. 6. T. aurantid; subtis fascid rubescente. Hab. Loboc, ins.

Bohol.

Var. c. T. aurantid-rubescente. Hab. Dingley, Panay.

The shells of this species are found on rocks, the decomposed par-

ticles of which are agglutinated to the epidermis in some specimens,

so as to form a broad broken keel on the angle of the whorls.

Heicina Lazarus, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 91. Hel. testd

palide fulvd, H. agglutinanti simillimd, sed magis elevatd ; colu-

~melld angustiori.

Alt. ‘28; lat. -40 poll..

Hab. Bongabong, N. Ecija, ins. Luzon, Philippinarum.

Found on leaves of palms.

Hexicra roxrra, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch, f. 76 to 81. Hei.

testa politd, tenui, pellucidd, plus minusve depressd et angulatd ;

anfractibus superné subcomplanatis, infra ventricosis ; labio in-

terno tenui, antic paululim inflato ; columelld angustatd, ad basim

leviter angulatd ; labio externo tenui, expanso, reflero, super angu-

lum plus minusve depresso ; operculo interne rubro, externe sub-

margaritaceo.

Hab. apud ins. Philippinas. H. Cuming legit.

Var. a, T. aurantid, magnd, angulatd. Alt. °40; lat. ‘60. Sorso-

gon, pr. Albay, ins. Luzon.

Var. b. T. aurantid, minori. Alt. *20; lat. +25. Sinait, Ilocos, ms.

Luzon.

Var. c. T. aurantiacd, superné rubrd. Misamis, ins. Mindanao.

Var. d. T. aurantid ; fascid rubrd in medio super angulum anfrac-

tuum. Abulug, pr. Cagayan, ins. Luzon.

Var. e. T. aurantid, fascits albis binis ornatd. St. Nicholas, ins.

Zebu.

Var. f. T. aurantid, superné pallidé rosed. Abulug, pr. Cagayan,

ins. Luzon.

From the large, somewhat angulated, orange variety, down to the

more globose and small varieties, the gradation is so slow that it is

impossible to find a line of demarcation sufficiently distinct to admit

of specific separation, although the two extremes differ coy

in general appearance.

Heticrina simitis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. Hel. testa H. polite

simillimd, sed impolitd, concentricé leviter striatd, fuscd.

Hab. apud insulam Guadaloup. Mus. Cuming.

Hexicina parva, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 82. Hel. testd H.

polite simillimd, sed magis rotundatd, labio externo minimé de-

presso.

Hab. Argao, ins. Zebu. H. Cuming legit.

Found on leaves of bushes, and differs only from the smaller va-

rieties of H. polita in being globular, and having the outer lip not at

all depressed above.

Hexicina GuapaLouPEnsis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 65, 66.

Hel. testa levi, depressd, subangulatd, concentricé leviter striatd ;

columella ad basin subnodosd ; labio externo crasso, reflero ; an-

Fractibus gradatim crescentibus, supra infraque subventricosis ;

operculo fusco.

Hab, apud insulam Guadaloup. Mus. H. Cuming.

Var. a. T. rubra, lutescente, majori. Alt. °35; lat. °60.

Var. 6. T. pallide brunned, minori. Alt. 20; lat. -35.

A memoir on the family of Towracoos, by Dr. E. Ruppell, was next

read. In this memoir the author characterizes the following two

new species of the genus Chizerhis from Abyssinia :—

CHIzZ#RHIS PERSONATA. Chi. regione ophthalmicd, genis, mento

et guld, pennis denudatis, cute nigricante, vibrissis brevissimis

vestita ; pileo crista plicatilis, plumis lazis, elongatis, colore mu-

rino ; nuchd, regione paroticd, juguloque albidis, jugulo et pectore

viridi-glaucis ; abdomine et tibiis rufo-cervinis ; auchenio, dorso et

alis cesio-umbrinis, rectricibus olivaceis ; caudd elongata, subrotun-

datd, supra cinered, infra luteo-virenti, rostro et pedibus nigris ;

iride albo-cinerascente.

The most characteristic peculiarity in the present species, observes

Dr. Riippell, consists in the absence of feathers on the face and

throat, the skin of these parts presenting only small scattered hairs,

and apparently being of a blackish purple colour. The feathers of the

upper surface of the head are elongated, and have the plumelets soft

and flowing ; they no doubt are erectile, and form a crest at the will

of the bird. The two sexes agree perfectly, both in size and colour-

ing. The dimensions in French measure are as follow :—

in. lin.

Total length from the tip of the beak to the tip of tail. 19 0

SIRS Ne tai LS dG RCL a BER USC ADS A ccs ri 10 O

Length of the beak, measuring along the upper curvature 1 1

Greatest height of the two mandibles .............. 0 73

Length of the wing from the bend to the extremity of 8 0

the fourth wing-feather, which is the longest .. ..

BREED RL IUNG CANBUS 015) cove dain \Sin iain wane gine or, oe I. 6

Length of the middle toe, including the nail ........ 1 10

CuIzzRHIS LEUCOGASTER. Chi. pileo crista plicatilis, plumis

apice truncatis, capite, gutture, collo, cervice, dorso et alis cesio-

umbrinis ; rectricibus medianis nigro-marginatis, remigibus dimidio

basali albis, dimidio apicali umbrino-nigris ; caudd subrotundatd,

supra et subtis nigrd, fascid albd latd transversd ; rectricibus

duabus intermediis cesio-umbrinis ; abdomine et tibiis albis ;

rostro et pedibus nigricantibus, iride umbrind.

A peculiarity in this species consists in the truncated form of the

feathers which constitute the crest. Both sexes agree in size and

colouring. The dimensions are as follow :—

in. lin

Potal length ......... ahs eet a aes Cae of PO dete ar as seg

Deeb tee ek Weta ciabies Mellen Sas ware tn stay ts

ee De Le ee ans St Sa ee ye eke 0114

Rieemt OL bili f:iiii's as esie dsl sdheitteia oe kts «ine were 0 64

Length of the wing to the end of the fifth wing-feather 7 9°

SUAS) ajzh A chayat cay Siare Rip aitis sete OWete & Sheu tach atee armas 1 8

Middle toe, including the nail ..............00.... 110

A series of twenty-five Orang Outan skulls, from Borneo, which

had been presented by James Brooke, Esq., together with fourteen

skeletons, were exhibited, and also a collection of Fishes from Brazil,

presented by J. Frembly, Esq., R.N.

January 25, 1842.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, Alexander N.

Shaw, Esq., of the H. C. Civil Service, was read, in which that

gentleman calls attention to the advantages which would ensue from

the appointment of agents at different ports, for the transmission

of animals for the Society, and requests to be informed what animals

would be most acceptable from the part of India in which he is at

present stationed, observing that he will endeavour to procure

them, and should he succeed, will forward them free of expense to

Bombay.

Mr. W. D. Cooper communicated to the Meeting some notes, by

T. S. Thomson, Esgq., relating to the habits of the Bassaris astuta

of Lichtenstein. These notes are confirmatory of the observations of

Mr. Charlesworth, made at a former meeting of the Society*. The

animal, Mr. Thomson has been informed, is found in most parts of

the republic of Mexico, but is not known beyond the habitations of

man. Besides fowls, butchers’ meat, &c., it will eat bread, fruit, and

sugar ; it breeds principally in outhouses, and particularly in neglected

spots, producing three or four at a birth. Sometimes it is tamed,

and used like the domestic cat to destroy rats, mice, &c.

Mr. Gould exhibited several Australian Mammals, from his own

collection, which he considered to be new to science. The first to

which he drew attention was a species of the genus Macropus, as

now restricted, which, from the sooty black colouring of the face, he

proposed to describe under the name

Macropus MELANOPS. Macr. vellere molli obscure griseo; dorso,

collo, plagdque magnd ad basin femoris, fuliginoso-lavatis ; late-

ribus corporis indistincté fulvo tinctis ; capite fuliginoso ; rhinario

nigro ; auribus intus pilis albis vestitis, extus pilis albis, nigro ir-

roratis, ad basin nigris ; guld pectoreque albescentibus ; tibiis tar-

sisque fusco-albis, digitis nigris ; caudd robusta, supra fuliginoso-

fused, subtis pallidiore, dimidid apicali nigra.

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caudz basin.... 33 0

CHUDE B08 i. 08 abe pyoeae el eos etotetete 20 6

tarsi digitorumque.............. 11 °9

— ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 5 9

MERA 8:2 1h <7 shsbe ha aihhe ee eS he:

* Proceedings for July 13, 1841, p. 60.

The most striking character in this species is the general deep hue

of the fur of the upper parts of the body and neck; the colour may

be described as sooty grey, but having moreover a brownish tint ; the

whole upper surface and sides of the head are nearly black; on the

sides of the body and outer side of the hind legs, at the base, a very

faint fulvous tint is observable ; a large space on the haunch is of the.

same deep hue as the back; the throat and chest are whitish, the

visible portion of the hairs on these parts being white; at the base,

or next the skin, they are of a deep grey colour, and so are those on

the abdomen ; but here, though the hairs are tipped with white, the

grey tint shows itself to a greater degree. The ears are thickly

clothed with long white hairs on the inner side; externally they are

pencilled with black and white, in about equal proportions, but at

the base they are clothed with the same dense fur as that of the head,

and this is black. The fore-legs, like the outer surface of the ears,

are pencilled with black and white, the black becoming more con-

spicuous towards the toes, which are covered with black hairs. The

hind-legs and tarsi ‘are chiefly of a brown-white hue, but on the toes

there is a considerable admixture of black ; the hairs which cover the

nails and the sides of the toes are almost entirely black. The tail is

of the same colour as the body at the base, and has the apex black ;

the portion covered with black hairs is rather less than that clothed

with the paler fur.

The following new Australian Mammals were also characterized

by Mr. Gould :—

Bexipea ariet. Bel. pallidé cinerea, lined dorsali, a basi rostri

Jere usque ad basin caude extensd, circulo interrupto ad basin

auris, membrandque laterali supra nigrescentibus, hac ad latera

flavescenti-albd ; corpore subtis pallide flavo ; caudd gracili ad

apicem nigrd ; auribus mediocribus ; pedibus pallidis.

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 6 0

erkdae Pe Gm be (Ail cine Hel it @

QUTIS) s\0 0). 0s Whole ie : gives $41 O58

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 1 34

Two specimens of this species of Flying Phalanger were received

by Mr. Gould from Port Essington. In size and proportions it ap-

proaches most nearly to the Belidea breviceps, being considerably less

than the Petaurus sciureus of authors ; but it is readily distinguished

by its general pale colouring, and more especially by the pale yellow

tint of the under parts of the body. The tail is slender as in B. bre-

viceps, Waterh. ; the fore and hind-feet are of a pale yellowish hue in

one specimen ; in the other the fore-feet have a pale brownish tint: a

narrow black mark, commencing between the eyes, runs along the

back, and extends nearly to the root of the tail ; a narrow blackish line

surrounds the eyes, and a black ring encircles the base of the ears, but

is interrupted under the ear, which is sparingly clothed with minute

hairs, excepting at the base externally, where they are covered with

fur like that on the head, and which is of a black colour, forming a |

portion of the dark ring before mentioned ; and on the hinder margin

of the ear, at the base, is a fringe of pale yellowish hairs. ‘The upper

surface of the head is of a paler hue than the upper parts of the body, 2

which are of a pale ash-colour, slightly tinted with yellowish ; the

upper surface of the lateral membrane is blackish, and so is the ante-

rior portion of the fore-arm and region cf the wrist; a dusky tint is

also observable on the posterior part of the hind-leg.

Mus penicittatus. Mus griseo-fuscus, vellere fere ut in M. de-

cumano ; corpore subtis pedibusque albis flavo lavatis ; auribus

mediocribus, postice subemarginatis ; caudd corpore capiteque paulo

longiore, gracili, dimidid apicali pilis longis nigris vestitd.

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 7 3

——————— COU. cei ivccrercccsacs 79

ab apice rostri ad basin auris ..... 1 54

tarsi digitorumque...... 2.2.0.5. Lind as

GUIS Ls scala ey wants sts mb 0 73

Hab. Port Essington.

This species of Rat is rather less than the Mus decumanus ; in the

character of its fur it nearly resembles that animal, but the hairs are »

rather more adpressed ; the colouring of the upper parts of the body

also nearly resembles that of M. decumanus; there is, however, a

rusty tint in the region of the occiput and on the back of the neck.

Around the angle of the mouth, the chin, throat, and all the under

parts of the body, as well as the feet and inner side of the legs, are

white, with a faint yellow tint, which might be described as cream-

colour ; and the hairs on these parts are of an uniform colour to the

roots, excepting on the chest, where they are grey next the skin. The

tail is long and slender, sparingly clothed at the base with minute

bristly hairs, as in most species of the genus ; but about the middle of

the tail the hairs assume a black colour, and are longer, and towards

the apex they soon attain a considerable length, measuring at and

near the tip half an inch or more. The ears are narrower than

usual, somewhat pointed, and slightly emarginated behind ; they are

sparingly clothed with minute hairs.

Mus uirsutus. Mus vellere hirsuto, corpore supra fuscescente

pilis nigris crebré commiatis, subtis fulvescens, fusco rufoque

tincto ; auribus mediocribus ; caudd longd pilis nigris, aliquanto

longis, vestitd ; dimidid apicali pilis longioribus, his ad apicem

caude rufescentibus.

Of this large and curious Rat, Mr. Gould regretted that he did

not possess a perfect skin; the somewhat mutilated skin which he

exhibited, together with a perfect skeleton, however, displayed cha-

racters very distinct from other species of Mus. Compared with the

known species of that genus, he observed it approached most nearly

to the Mus giganteus of Hardwicke ; it is equal in size to that animal,

and has the same coarse shaggy fur, but is readily distinguished by

its well-clothed tail, the hairs on this part being much longer than

usual in the genus, especially on the apical half, where the scales are

hidden by them ; those at the point of the tail measure upwards of

an inch in length, and at the distance of two inches from the point

they average about an inch in length; on this part they have a rusty

hue, but on the remaining portions they are black. On the upper

parts of the body the shorter hairs are of a yellowish brown colour,

but the longer interspersed hairs being numerous, and of a black

colour, give a deep general tint to these parts. The under parts of

the body are of a rusty yellow colour, tinted with brownish on the

neck and chest, and having a more decided rust-colour on the abdo-

men.

The skull approaches that of Mus giganteus in general form, but

is rather narrower and longer ; the palatal portion is broader, and the

incisive foramina are shorter, terminating posteriorly, about one-

eighth of an inch anterior to the foremost molars ; whilst in M. gi-

ganteus these foramina terminate in a line with the front molars, or

rather behind that line; the nasal bones are longer and rather nar-

rower, and the occipital portion of the cranium is decidedly smaller.

The principal dimensions, taken from the skeleton, are as follow :—

in. lin.

Length from tip of nasal bones to end of sacral vertebree 10 4

MIE OT TAU) si oie nid 3) oie aa e'aye Say he aidando sei ERE OS *

Length of tarsus and claws .......... Ad whsd tape thi 2 8%

Meriear cae GUE ee es SURFS WP a ee Oe 2° 65

UE UF 2 Rn ae Be Tae 1 3?

Length of nasal bones .........- +--+ sees e eee 1 08

Distance between incisors and molars of the upper jaw. O 94

Width between molars ..... picitig ty x ty aot age dad ens si piven lis. ste

Length of incisive foramina ............-+..05-+0% 0 5

SEER GH OCCIDIG LS Stow va siels toe Peres oe SORE AU 0 8

Mus pexicatutus. Mus supra pallide fusco-flavus ; corpore ad

latera flavescente, subtis albo ; caudé mediocri supra fuscd, subtis

ad basin albescenti ; auribus parvulis ; pedibus gracilibus, albis.

‘

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 2 5

CORE Aas wiv one ste eno 5: 2 2

tarsi digitorumque.......... see S

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... O 8

PRR S i She, 0 OWE wo oie Wa ato’ 0 32

In colouring the present species greatly resembles the Mus syl-

vaticus of Europe, but it is a trifle paler; its size is less than that of

the common mouse (Mus musculus, Auct.). The fur is soft and

short ; that on the upper parts of the body is of a pale yellow-brown

colour. The sides of the body are of a delicate yellow tint, and the

lower parts of the sides of the muzzle, the chin, throat, and whole

under parts, as well as the feet, are pure white; along the mesial

line of the abdomen and on the throat the hairs are of an uniform

colour to the base. The feet are slender, and the ears are rather

small. The tail is slender, and nearly equal in length to the head

and body.

Two specimens exhibiting the above characters were exhibited by

Mr. Gould.

The reading of Prof. Owen’s memoir on the Myology of the Apte-

ryx was commenced.

February 8, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Some notes on the habits of the Horned Screamer (Palamedea

cornuta, Linn.), by William Martin, Esq., Secretary to the Clifton

Zoological Gardens, were read. ,

These notes were communicated by the President, the Earl of

Derby, and are drawn up from observations made upon a specimen

of the Palamedea living in the Clifton menagerie.

“The Horned Screamer was presented to the Society early in

June 1839, by Capt. Rees of Bristol. On its arrival in this country

it was exceedingly thin and weak. It had been fed during the voy-

age principally upon Indian corn, but had a little chopped boiled

meat occasionally. ‘The weather being very mild, it was placed in

a turfed aviary, used generally for pheasants, some water-cresses and

other aquatic plants being procured; but it was soon evident that

we had not discovered a proper substitute for its natural food. Think-

ing one day that it manifested a desire to get at some roses which

were trained upon the aviary, I gave it one of the flowers, which it

ate eagerly. It was then thought, that, as it was so domesticated and

familiar, the feathers of one wing should be cut, and the bird turned

loose into the garden and watched, to see what plants it would pre-

fer. The rose-trees were the favourite plants, the flowers, young

shoots and leaves being eagerly eaten. Since this time it has al-

ways been turned out every morning in mild weather to roam about

the garden, and it is very fond of creeping up close to the gardeners,

and watching them at work, although it does not appear to be from

any desire to obtain worms or insects. It seldom wanders very far

from its aviary, and in the afternoon is always found waiting to be

let in. In winter it is allowed its liberty in the parrot aviary, which

is heated by one of the Arnott stoves, and close to which it may

generally be found. Even in moderately sharp weather, if it be dry,

we find it better to let it go out for a short time; but .then, instead

of creeping leisurely about, it bustles off to its favourite plants, and

very soon returns ; but it will not bear confinement in a cage. At

the present time /ettuce is its principal food, but it has also Indian

corn, hemp-seed, sopped bread, and a little boiled sheep’s head.

Small stones seem also necessary, and it is very fond of swallowing

small pieces of the coal used in the stove, which is anthracite.

Owing to the difficulty and expense of procuring a sufficient quan-

tity of lettuce during the frost of last winter and that of the year

before, the poor bird became very thin and weak, but quickly rallied

upon again getting this food. In the summer, when on the lawns,

it will eat grass, which it chips off with its beak in a very singular

No. CIX.—Proceepines or THE Zootoericat Sociery,

manner. I have tried it several times with a frog, but it has always

been refused. When we first had it the horn upon the head was

about four inches long; but as it used to stand so close to the stove, it

became burnt down to about an inch, and is now grown again con-

siderably.

“The spurs upon the elbows of the wings are nearly two inches

long, and of amazing strength and hardness; they are truly formi-

dable weapons. We have several varieties of dogs, which are kept in

single kennels, in different parts of the garden, but they always re-

treat upon the approach of the Screamer; and whilst the bird con-

tinues close, nothing will induce them to come out, at least those

that have once felt the spur. I have several times seen it standing

close to a door of a kennel, with its head erect and looking very

proud, making a sound which one could only look upon as a chal-

lenge to the dog to come forth. As the mode of attack is so sly and

unexpected, none are at first prepared for it. Throwing its neck and

head backwards and forwards, and uttering at the same time a low

note, it advances sideways up to the dog, and when close enough

turns half-way round, and quietly raising its wing, delivers such a

blow that no dog that we have will face it a second time. It is not

meant that a dog could not be made to resent such an attack, but

only that of their own accord they seem unwilling to do so.

‘It is, however, exceedingly familiar, and would become attached

to any one that would notice it kindly, and with me will often make

a kind of purring noise when being patted and caressed. Still I have

seen it run after children when they have been teasing it.

«* On one or two occasions it has recovered the use of its wing

sooner than expected, but it never flew beyond the garden—alighting

upon the top of its aviary, flying off again, wheeling round in a circle

and returning. In their wild state I should consider these birds good

flyers ; their long wings and light bodies, with a most complete appa-

ratus of external air-cells, would conduce to that result. I hardly

know why it should be called a screamer; no noise that I have ever

heard it make could be called a scream. It has certainly a tolerably

sharp cry, and also a lower note or cry, somewhat resembling the

trumpet-note of a peacock, but not so loud; both appear to be notes

of pleasure and satisfaction, and may generally be called forth in the

following manner. If for instance the bird is on the lawn, and any

of those knawn to it should pass close by, it will utter one or two

of the lower notes, and if encouraged by the person endeavouring to

imitate the same note, it will utter two or three more, and finish

with one of the shrill notes; it will then often lie down to be patted

and caressed. Its walk is rather ludicrous, partaking both of state-

liness and awkwardness. The head is carried high and well, but as

its toes are so long it is compelled to raise each foot very high, in

order to get it clear of the other, and this produces the appearance

described. In standing, the toes of one foot are crossed a good deal

over those of the other.

“It has evidently more confidence in man, and seems also to have

more intelligence than most birds,”’

ci en

The reading of Professor Owen’s memoir on the Myology of the

Apteryx was continued.

Mr. Gould then brought before the notice of the Meeting some

additional ornithological novelties from Australia, and character-

ized an Artamus, conspicuous for the white colouring of the rump,

ARTAMUS LEUCOPYGIaLIs. Art. capite, guld, et dorso fuliginoso-

cinereis ; pectore, partibus inferioribus, et uropygio albis ; rostro

pallide ceruleo-cinereo.

Head, throat and back sooty grey; primaries and tail brownish

black, washed with grey; chest, all the under surface, and rump,

pure white ; irides brown; Dill light bluish grey at the base, black at

the tip; legs and feet mealy greenish grey.

Total length, 53 inches; bill, +3; wing, 53; tail, 24 ; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Australia.

A new Pitta, being the third species of that form from the Austra-

lian continent, as

Pirra Iris. Pitt. capite, collo, pectore, abdomine, lateribus, et fe-

moribus nigerrimis ; fascid superoculari, ad occiput ductd ferru-

gined ; corpore supra, alisque ex aureo viridibus, humeris metallice

ceruleis et fascid inferiore lazulind ornatis.

Head, neck, breast, abdomen, flanks and thighs deep velvety black;

over the eye, extending to the occiput, a band of ferruginous brown ;

upper surface and wings golden green; shoulders bright metallic

cerulean blue, bordered below with lazuline blue; primaries black,

passing into olive-brown at their tips; the third, fourth, fifth and

sixth having a spot of white about the centre of the feather; tail

black at the base, green at the tip, the former colour running on the

inner web nearly to the tip; rump-feathers tinged with cerulean

blue; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts bright scarlet,

separated from the black of the abdomen by yellowish brown ; irides

dark brown ; bill black ; feet flesh-colour.

Total length, 7 inches; bill, 11; wing, 4; tail, 12; tarsi, 14.

Hab. Cobourg Peninsula, north coast of Australia.

Mr. Gould then pointed out the generic characters of ‘two new

genera of Finches, the first of which he proposed to designate

Genus EmBiEema.

Rostrum feré quam caput longum, conicum (ut in genere Ploceus).

Ale mediocres; remige prima parvula, quatuor proximis inter se

zqualibus ; tertiariis elongatis. Cauda mediocris, et fere quadrata,

vel paululim rotundata. Pedes plantigradi, digitis gracillimis ;

digito intermedio externis longiore, illis inter se zequalibus.

Empiema Picta. mb. facie et guld saturate miniaceis ; vertice et

corpore supra fuscis ; pectore et corpore subtis nigris crebré albo-

guttatis, abdomine medio miniaceo adsperso.

Face and throat deep vermilion red; the base of all the feathers

of the throat black, giving that part a mingled appearance of black and

red ; crown of the head, all the upper surface and wings, brown ; rump

deep vermilion-red ; tail dark brown; chest and all the under surface

jet-black, the flanks numerously spotted with white, and the centre

of the abdomen dashed with vermilion-red; feet light red; upper

mandible black, under mandible scarlet, with a triangular patch of

black at the base.

Total length, 3} inches; bill, 5%; wing, 24; tail, 13; tarsi, %.

Hab. The north-west coast of Australia.

From the collection of B. Bynoe, Esq.

And the second,

Genus Pokruita.

Gen. char.—Rostrum ad basin tumidum, et igittr feré tam latum et

profundum quam longum. Al/@ mediocres, remige prima parvula,

secunda tertia quarta et quinta inter se feré zqualibus; digitis

gracilibus, medio externis longiore, illis inter se equalibus; digito

postico, medio vald@ breviore. Cauda cuneiformis, rectricibus

duabus intermediis productis.

This form is nearly allied to Hrythura and Estrelda.

Type, P. acuticauda (Amadina acuticaudu, Gould in Proc. Zool.

Soc., Part VII. p. 148).

PoiipHita pErsonaTa. Poé. rostro ad basin fascid irregulari ni-

gerrimd circumdato, vertice, dorso, alis, cauddque pallide cinna-

momino-fuscis.

Base of the bill surrounded by an irregular ring of deep velvety

black ; crown of the head, upper surface and wings, light cinnamon-

brown; lower part of the abdomen banded with deep velvety black ;

lower part of the rump and under tail-coverts white; upper tail-

coverts white, striped longitudinally with black on the outer side;

tail graduated, and of a deep blackish brown; irides red ; bill bright

orange ; legs and feet flesh-red.

Total length, 32 inches; bill, $3; wing, 23; tail, 2; tarsi, as

Hab. The northern parts of Australia.

Mr. Gould then characterized two new species of the genus Ptili-

nopus, Swainson, as P. Swainsonii and P. Ewingii; the first in

honour of the founder of the genus, and the second in honour of the

Rev. T. J. Ewing, of Van Diemen’s Land.

Pritinopus Swainsonu. Pil. fronte et vertice splendidé coccineis,

héc colore lined angustd flavé nisi apud frontem cincto; pectore

sordideé viridi, singulis plumis ad apicem bifidis, more furcule,

cujus apices macula triangulari argenteo-cinered notantur ; abdo-

mine medio aurantiaco ; caude apice late flavissimo.

Forehead and crown deep crimson-red, surrounded, except in front,

with a narrow ring of light yellow; back of the neck greyish green ;

all the upper surface bright green tinged with yellow, the green

becoming deep blue towards the extremities of the tertiaries, which

are broadly margined with yellow; primaries slaty grey on their

inner webs, green on the outer, very slightly margined with yellow ;

tail deep green, largely tipped with rich yellow ; throat greenish grey,

stained on the chin with yellow in some specimens; in others the

chin is white ; breast dull green, each feather forked at the end, and

with a triangular silvery grey spot at either extremity; flanks and

abdomen green, with a large patch of orange-red in the centre of the

latter; under tail-coverts orange-yellow; thighs green; irides red-

dish orange ; bill greenish black, horn-colour at the tip; feet olive-

brown.

Total length, 9 inches; bill, 3; wing, 53; tail, 33; tarsi, 3.

Hab. The brushes of the River Clarence and Moreton Bay.

Pritinorus Ewineu. P. fronte et vertice roseis, héc colore lined

flava nisi ad frontem cincto ; pectore virescenti-cinereo plumis bi-

fidis, et ad apicem pallidé cinereis ; fascia infra pectorali pallid

sulphured ; abdomine medio saturat® aurantiaco, cum lunuld cen-

trali helvo-ceruleé ; caude rectricibus ad apicem fiavis, non sine

tincturd viridi presertim in rectricibus duabus intermediis notanda.

. Forehead and crown of the head rose-pink, bordered, except in

front, by a narrow line of yellow; back of the head and neck green-

ish grey; all the upper surface bright green, passing into deep blue

on the tertiaries; primaries, secondaries and tertiaries slightly mar-

gined with yellow ; tail largely tipped with yellow tinged with green,

particularly on the two centre feathers; chin pale yellow; sides of

the neck and chest greenish grey, each feather forked at the end and

tipped with grey; below the chest an indistinct band of sulphur-

yellow ; flanks and lower part of the abdomen green; centre of the

abdomen rich orange, in the middle of which is a lunar-shaped mark

of lilac; under tail-coverts orange; thighs and tarsi green; irides

reddish orange ; feet olive.

Total length, 73 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 43; tail, 3; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Port Essington.

Mr. Gould next instituted a new genus among the Columbide,

under the appellation of

Genus GEorHaps.

Gen. char.—Rostrum perbreve et robustum. Oculi cute denudata

circumdati. Ale perbreves et rotundate, apicibus latis. Tursi

mediocres digitis longiores. Digitus internus paululim ceteris

longior.

Of this form a new species was described as

GEoPHAPS PLUMIFERA. Geo. capite cristd occipitali ornato; hac

sic et vertice, colli lateribus, pectore et alarum pagind inferiore

pallide ferrugineis ; gula alternatm albo nigroque fasciato ; pectore

lunulis duabus albis inter se junctis cuspidemque mediam efficienti-

bus, ornato.

Lores and orbits naked, and of a yellowish red; head furnished

with a lengthened occipital crest, which, with the crown, sides of the

neck and chest, and under part of the wing, is light ferruginous ;

chin black ; throat banded alternately with white and black, the latter

colour extending to the ear-coverts; on the chest two semilunar

marks of white, which, meeting, form a point in the centre ; middle

of the abdomen light buff; under tail-coverts brown, with lighter

edges; back of the neck, back, rump and upper tail-coverts, rufous

brown ; wings light ferruginous, with tle basal half of the feathers

silvery grey, the two colours separated by a transverse band of black ;

primaries rufous brown; secondaries rufous brown, with a large

patch of bronzy purple towards their tips; tail black; bill black ;

feet reddish brown.

Total length, 7 inches; bill, 2; wing, 33; tail, 2 ; tarsi, {.

Hab. The north-west coast of Australia.

From the collection of B. Bynoe, Esq.

A second genus of this tribe of birds was then characterized as

Genus OcypHaps.

Gen. char.—Caput crista occipitali elongata. Ale pauld breves, re-

mige tertid gradatim ad apicem coarctata. Cauda mediocritér

elongata, et rotundata. Tarsi et digitus intermedius eadem lon-

gitudine. Digitus internus externo brevior.

Type, Columba Lophotes, ‘Temm.

A second example of the genus Pedionomus was described as

Pepronomus microurus. Ped. a P. Torquato diversus, staturd

minore, collo haud torque circumdato, caudd feré carente.

Crown of the head, back and upper surface mottled with black,

brown, and fawn-colour, the latter occupying the external edge of

the feathers, and the black and brown forming alternate circular

markings on each feather ; throat, neck, chest and flanks dull fawn-

colour; the feathers of the neck and chest blotched with brown ;

flanks marked with the same colour, assuming the form of bars ; tail-

feathers, which are almost invisible, marked the same as the back ;

centre of the abdomen and the under tail-coverts buffy white, with-

out spots or markings ; irides straw-yellow ; bill yellow, passing into

black at the point; feet greenish yellow.

Total length, 44 inches; bill, }4; wing, 31; tarsi, 7.

The above are the measurements of an old male.

Hab. Plains of the interior of South Australia.

Differs from P. torqguatus in its smaller size, in the absence of the

collar, and in the almost total absence of tail.

Mr. Gould also brought before the notice of the Meeting a new

species of Megapodius, from the north coast of Australia, which he

characterized as M. Tumulus, and read a very interesting account of

its habits, which tends to confirm the opinion he had previously ex-

pressed, that Megapodius Talegalla and Leipoa form part of one great

family of birds, whose range will be found to extend from the Phi-

lippines to Australia.

Mecaropius trumutus. WM. capite, et cristd saturate cinnamomino-

Fuscis ; nuchd, et corpore subtis saturate cinereis ; dorso, alisque

cinnamomino-fuscis ; tectricibus caude, crissoque saturate casta-

neis ; pedibus permagnis.

Head and crest very deep cinnamon-brown ; back of the neck and

all the under surface very dark grey; back and wings cinnamon-

brown; upper and under tail-coverts dark chestnut-brown; tail

blackish brown; irides generally dark brown, but in some specimens

light reddish brown; bill reddish brown, with yellow edges; tarsi

and feet bright orange, the scales on the front of the tarsi, from the

fourth downwards, and the scales of the toes dark reddish brown.

Total length from 15 to 17 inches; bill from 1} to 14; wing from

94 to 10; tail from 4 to 44; tarsi from 25 to af

“Hab. Cobourg Peninsula, on the north coast of Australia.

February 22, 1842.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

The reading of the Second Part* of Prof. Owen’s Monograph on

the Apteryx australis, Shaw, including its Myology, was completed.

The following is the descriptive portion of this communication : —

Muscuzs or THE SKIN.

No detailed description of the muscles of the skin in Birds has

been given either in the systematic works on comparative anatomy,

or in particular treatises ; these muscles appear indeed in general to

be too irregularly or too feebly developed to have attracted much

attention ; brief notices are recorded of some peculiarly developed

cutaneous muscles, as those which spread the plumes of the peacock,

and erect the hackles of the cock; the compressors of the subcuta-

neous air-cells are noticed in the anatomical account of the Gannett

(Sula Bassana}), and a more constant cutaneous muscle, viz. that

which supports the crop in gallinaceous birds, is briefly mentioned

and figured by Hunter f.

In the Apteryz, the subject of the present Myography, the cuta-

neous system of muscles presents a more distinct and extensive

development than has hitherto been met with in the class of Birds—

a condition which is evidently connected with the peculiar thickness

of the integument, and probably with the burrowing habits of the

“present species, which possesses in this structure the power of

shaking off the loose earth from its plumage, while busy in the act

of excavating its chamber of retreat and nidification.

Constrictor collimThe whole of the neck is surrounded by a thin

stratum of muscular fibres, directed for the most part transversely,

and extending from an attachment along the median line of the skin

at the back of the neck, to a parallel raphé on the median line of the

opposite side: this muscle is strongest at its commencement or

anterior part, where the fibres take their origin in a broad fasciculus

from the outer part of the occipital ridge ; these run obliquely down-

wards and forwards on each side of the neck, but are continued

uninterruptedly with those arising from the dorsal line of the skin

above mentioned; the direction of the fibres insensibly changing

from the oblique to the transverse. The outer surface of this

muscle is attached to the integument by a thin and dense layer of

* See Transactions of the Zoological Society, vol. ii. part 4. p. 257,

Splanchnology and Osteology.

+ Proceedings of Zoological Society, 1832, p. 91.

t In description of pl. 10, vol. i. of Physiological Catalogue of Hunterian

Collection, by Owen, 4to. 1833-1841.

cellular tissue, devoid of fat; the under surface is more loosely con-

nected with the subjacent parts by a more abundant and finer cellu-

lar tissue.

Use.—To brace the cervical integument, raise the neck feathers,

and in combination with the following muscle to shake these parts.

Sterno-cervicalis.—Origin. Fleshy, from the posterior incurved

process of the sternum, from the ensiform prolongation and middle

line of the outer and posterior surface of the same bone. Insertion.

The fibres pass forward, and diverging in gently curved lines, ascend

upon the sides of the broad base of the neck, and are inserted by a

thin but strong fascia into the median line of the dorsal integument.

This muscle is a line in thickness at its origin, but becomes thinner

as it expands; the anterior part is covered by the posterior fibres of

the constrictor colli.

Use.—To retract the skin of the neck, and brace that portion

which covers the base of the neck; when these are the fixed points,

it will depress and protract the sternum, and thus aid in inspiration.

Obs.—In its position and the general course of the fibres, this

muscle is analogous to that which supports and assists in emptying

the crop in the common fowl; but the cesophagus presents no par-

tial dilatation in the Apteryx, and the situation of the crop is occu-

pied by a large mass of fat enclosing one or two absorbent glands.

Sterno-mazillaris.—This muscle appears at first view to be the

anterior continuation of the preceding, but is sufficiently distinct to

merit a separate description and name. Origin. Fleshy; from the

' anterior part of the middle line of the sternum. Jns. It passes di-

rectly forwards along the under or anterior part of the neck, expand-

ing as it proceeds, and gradually separating into two thin symme-

trical fasciculi, which are insensibly lost in the integument covering

the throat and the angle of the jaw. It adheres pretty closely to

the central surface of the constrictor colli, along which it passes to

its insertion.

Use.—Yo retract the fore-part of the skin of the neck, and also

the head. Each lateral portion acting alone would incline the head

to its own side: the whole muscle in action would bend the neck ;

but the movements of the head and neck are more adequately and

immediately provided for by the appropriate deeper-seated muscles,

and the immediate office of the present muscle is obviously connected

with the skin. Nevertheless, in so far as this muscle acts upon the

head, it produces the same movements as the sterno-mastoideus in

Mammalia ; and it is interesting to observe, that in the long-necked

Ruminants (as the Giraffe), the sterno-mastoid muscles arise by a

common origin, and the insertion is by an extended fascia into the

angles of the jaw: I consider, therefore, that the sterno-mastoid is

represented by the sterno-mazillaris in the Apteryz, the only bird in

which this muscle has hitherto been described.

Dermo-transversalis.—The skin covering the dorsal aspect of the

lower two-thirds of the neck, besides being acted upon by the con-

strictor colli, is braced down by a thin stratum of oblique and some-

what scattered fibres, which take their origins by fascie attached to

the inferior transverse processes of the sixth to the twelfth cervical

vertebre inclusive; the fibres pass obliquely upwards and_ back-

wards, and are inserted by a thin fascia into the median line of the

skin, covering the back of the neck.

Platysma myoides.—The representative of this cutaneous muscle

is a thin triangular layer of muscular fibres, taking their origin from

the outer side of the ramus of the jaw, and diverging as they descend

to spread over the throat, and meeting their fellows at a middle

raphé of insertion beneath the upper larynx and beginning of the

trachea, which they thus serve to compress and support.

Dermo-spinalis.—Origin. By a thin fascia from the ends of the

spinous processes of the three anterior dorsal vertebrae. Ins. The

fibres slightly converge to be attached to the integument covering

the scapular region.

Dermo-iliacus.-—_Origin. Fleshy, from the anterior margin of the

ilium. Jns. The fibres pass forwards and slightly converge to be in-

serted into the scapular integument.

Dermo-costalis—A muscle resembling the preceding in form.

Origin. Fleshy, from the costal appendages of the seventh and

eighth ribs. Jns. The fibres pass forwards and join those of the

preceding muscle, to be inserted into the scapular integument.

Obs. 'The three preceding muscles are broad and thin, but well-

defined ; they would appear to influence the movements of the rudi-

mentary spur-armed wing through the medium of the integument,

as powerfully as do the rudimental representatives of the true muscles

of the anterior extremity.

There are also two muscles belonging to the cutaneous series, and

inserted directly into the bones of the wing. One of these, the

dermo-ulnaris, is a small, slender, elongated muscle, which takes its

origin from the fascia beneath the dermo-costalis ; its fibres pass

backwards, and converge to terminate in avery slender tendon which

expands into a fascia, covering the back part of the elbow joint.

Use. To extend the elbow joint and raise the wing.

The dermo-humeralis is also a long and narrow strip, deriving its

origin from scattered tendinous threads in the subcutaneous cellular

tissue of the abdomen: it passes upwards, outwards and forwards,

and is inserted fleshy into the proximal part of the humerus, which

it seems to depress*.

* In Mammalia the cutaneous muscles form a more continuous stratum

than in the Apteryx and other birds, and hence have been grouped together

under the common term panniculus carnosus; they have also, in general,

both their origins and insertions in the integument; but in Birds, in

which the integument supports so extraordinary an abundance of the epi-

dermic material under the form of feathers, the muscles destined to its

especial motions require a more fixed attachment from which to act. The

Rhinoceros, in which the integuments, from the thickness and density of its

corium, is in a similar condition as regards the resistance to be overcome

by the skin-muscles, presents an analogous condition of its panniculus car-

nosus, having it divided into several distinct muscles, most of which take

their origin from bone or fasciz attached to bone.

Muscurs oF THE TRUNK.

A. On the Dorsal Aspect.

The muscles on the dorsal aspect of the vertebral column in Birds

have only of late years received any attention from Comparative

Anatomists: they have been mentioned rather than described by

Tiedemann and Meckel: Carus has given a side-view of the super-

ficial layer of muscles in the Sparrow-hawk ; their best description

is contained in the second edition of the ‘ Lecons d’Anatomie Com-

parée’ of Cuvier.

The muscles of the back are in general so feebly developed in

birds of flight, that they were affirmed by Cuvier to be wanting

altogether in the first edition of the ‘ Lecons.’ And this is almost

true as respects their carneous portion, for they are chiefly tendinous

in Birds of Flight. In the Struthious birds, and in the Penguin,

in which the dorsal vertebre are unfettered in their movements by

anchylosis, these muscles are more fleshy and conspicuous; but they

attain their greatest relative size and distinctness in the Apéeryz.

From the very small size of the muscles which pass from the

spine to the scapula and humerus in the Ap/eryz, the true muscles of

the back, which correspond to the second layer of the dorsal muscles

in Man, become immediately visible on removing the dorsal integu-

ments and fascie; they consist of the sacro-lumbalis, longissimus

dorsi, and spinalis dorsi. The first two muscles are blended toge-

ther at their posterior origins, but soon assume the disposition cha-

racteristic of each, as they advance forwards.

The sacro-lumbalis is a strong and fleshy muscle, six lines in

breadth, and three or four lines in thickness: it is, as usual, the most

external or lateral of the muscles of the back, and extends from the

anterior border of the ilium to the penultimate cervical vertebra.

Origin. By short tendinous and carneous fibres from the outer half

of the anterior margin of the ilium, and by a succession of long,

strong, and flattened tendons from the angles of the fifth and fourth

ribs, and from the extremities of the transverse processes of the

third, second, and first dorsal vertebre ; also by a shorter tendon

from the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra; these

latter origins represent the musculi accessorii ad sacro-lumbalem ;

they have not hitherto been described in the class of Birds: to bring

them into view, the external margin of the sacro-lumbalis must be

raised. These accessory tendons run obliquely forward, expanding

as they proceed, and are lost in the under surface of the muscle.

Insertion. By a fleshy fasciculus with very short tendinous fibres

into the angle of the sixth rib, and by a series of corresponding fas-

ciculi, which become progressively longer and more tendinous, into

the angles of the fifth, fourth, third and second ribs, and into the

lower transverse processes of the first dorsal and last two cervical

vertebrz ; the last insertion is fleshy and strong; the four anterior

of these insertions are concealed by the upper and outer fleshy por-

tion of the sacro-lumbalis, which divides into five elongated fleshy

bundles, inserted successively into the upper transverse processes of

the first three dorsal and last two cervical vertebre. These last in-

sertions seem to represent the continuation of the sacro-lumbalis in

Man, which is termed the cervicalis descendens or ascendens.

Longissimus dorsi.—This muscle is blended posteriorly both with

the sacro-lumbalis and the multifidus spine, and anteriorly with the

outer portion of the spinalis dorsi. It extends as far forward as the

thirteenth cervical vertebra. Origin. From the inner or mesial half

of the anterior margin of the ilium; from a strong aponeurosis at-

tached to the spines of the eighth, seventh and sixth dorsal vertebre ;

and trom the transverse processes of the sixth, fifth, fourth and third

dorsal vertebree. Ins. The carneous fibres continued from the second

origin, or series of origins, incline slightly outwards as they pass for-

ward, and are inserted into the posterior articular processes of the

first three dorsal vertebrze, receiving accessory fibres from the spinalis

dorsi. ‘The fasciculi from the transverse processes above mentioned

incline inwards, and are also inserted into the posterior oblique pro-

cesses of the vertebre anterior to them; they soon begin to form a

series of oblique carneous fasciculi, which become more distinct as

they are situated more anteriorly ; they are at first implanted in the

vertebra next in front of that from which they rise, and then into

the vertebra next but one in front ; so that the most anterior of these

tendons of insertions, to which can be traced any of the fibres of the

main body of the longissimus dorsi, is that which is implanted into

the thirteenth cervical vertebra; it is this fasciculus which is joined

by the first or most posterior of the fasciculi of the longus colli

posticus.

A series of oblique carneous fasciculi, evidently a continuation of,

or part of the same system with those in which the longissimus dorsi

terminates anteriorly, is continued between the upper transverse and

the oblique processes of the vertebrz as far forward as the fourth cer-

vical vertebra. This series of muscles seems to represent the trans-

versalis colli*, which is the anterior continuation of the longissimus

dorsi in Mammalia, but it differs in being inserted into the oblique,

instead of the transverse processes. In the direction of their fibres

these fasciculi resemble the semispinalis colli, but are inserted into

the oblique processes instead of the spines of the vertebree. There

are no other muscles with which they can be compared in the Mam-

malia than these two, with neither of which however do they pre-

cisely correspond ; they seem however clearly to represent the second

series of oblique muscular fasciculi in the trunk of Fishes. Rather

than hazard expressing an incomplete or false analogy, I shall term

these collectively the fasciculi obliqui.

Obliquus colli.—The fasciculi which rise from the first two dorsal

and five lower cervical vertebre are joined near their tendinous ter-

minations by corresponding fasciculi of the /ongus colli posticus, and

the strong round tendons continued from the points of convergence

* It is the ‘ grand transversaire’ of Cuvier, loc. cit. p. 282; but he describes

it as passing from the anterior articular process of one vertebra to the pos-

terior articular process of the next in front.

of these fascicles are inserted successively into the posterior oblique

processes of the twelfth to the sixth cervical vertebra inclusive ; the

two fasciculi next in succession receive no accessory fibres from the

longus colli posticus; the anterior one derives an extensive origin

from the upper transverse processes of the eighth, seventh, and sixth

cervical vertebrae. It must be observed, however, that the whole of

each fasciculus is not expended in the strong round tendinous inser-

tion above described; the portion which arises from the anterior

ridge of the transverse process passes more directly inwards than

the rest, and is attached to the tendon which terminates the fascicu-

lus immediately behind ; at the middle of the neck these accessory

fibres approach to the character of distinct origins. The tendons of

insertion, moreover, severaily receive accessory fleshy fibres from

the base of the oblique processes of the two vertebre next behind ;

and thus they become the medium of muscular forces acting from

not less than five distinct points, the power of which is augmented

by each tendon being braced down by the oblique converging series

of muscles immediately anterior to it. The fasciculus from the

eighth cervical vertebra, besides its insertion by the ordinary tendon,

sends off externally a small pyramidal bundle of muscular fibres,

which soon terminates in a long and slender tendon which is in-

serted into the oblique process of the third cervical vertebra. Cor-

responding portions of muscle are detached from the two anterior

fasciculi, which converge and terminate in a common slender tendon

inserted into the posterior oblique process of the fourth cervical ver-

tebra; and thus terminates this complex muscle or series of muscles.

Longus colli posticus—The most internal or mesial of the super-

ficial muscles of the dorsal aspect of the thoracic and cervical regions,

called cervicalis ascendens by Meckel, and compared in part with

the spinalis dorsi by Cuvier, cannot be the representative of either

of these muscles, since they both co-exist separately with it in the

Apteryx. At its posterior part the muscle in question seems to be

rather a continuation of the /ongissimus dorsi ; its anterior part offers

a strong analogy with the mesial portion of the complerus and bi-

venter cervicis ; it appears to me to be evidently the analogue of the

first, or mesio-dorsal series of oblique fibres of the muscular system

in Fishes, but I shall adopt the name of the longus colli posticus

applied to it by Cuvier*. It commences by long and slender, but

strong, subcompressed tendons from the spines of the sixth, fifth and

fourth dorsal vertebre : these tendons gradually expand as they pro-

ceed forwards and downwards, and send off from their under surface

muscular fibres which continue in the same course, and begin to be

grouped into distinct fasciculi at the base of the neck: the first of

these bundles joins the fasciculus of the longissimus dorsi, which is

inserted into the posterior articular process of the thirteenth cervical

vertebra; the succeeding fasciculi derive their origins from a broad

and strong aponeurotic sheet attached to the spines of the fourth,

third and second dorsal vertebre ; the second to the eighth fasciculi

* Lecons d’Anat. Comp., 2nd edit. vol. i, p, 284.

inclusive are compressed, broad and fleshy, and are inserted in the

strong round tendons described in the preceding muscle, and attached

to the oblique processes of the twelfth to the sixth cervical ver-

tebre inclusive: the ninth fasciculus, which forms the main anterior

continuation of the longus colli posticus*, is larger than the rest, and

receives, as it advances, accessory fibres from the spinous processes

of the seventh to the third cervical vertebrze inclusive, and is inserted,

partly fleshy, partly by a strong tendon, into the side of the broad

spine of the vertebra dentata. A slender fasciculus is detached from

the mesial and dorsal margin of the Jongus colli posticus, near the

base of the neck, which soon terminates in a long round tendon:

this tendon is braced down by short aponeurotic fibres to the spines

of the fifth to the second cervical vertebre inclusive, immediately be-

yond which it again becomes fleshy, and expands to be inserted into

the occipital ridge : this portion is the digasirique or biv xter capitis

of Cuvier.

Spinalis dorsi.—The displacement of the dorsal portion of the pre-

ceding muscle and the Jongissimus dorsi brings into view the spi-

nalis dorsi, which is a well-developed and distinct muscle in the

Apteryx. Origin. By two long, narrow, flattened tendons, from the

spines of the eighth and seventh dorsal vertebra : these pass obliquely

downwards and forwards, expanding as they proceed, and terminate

in two fasciculi of muscular fibres ; the posterior one passes forwards

beneath the anterior one, and inclining inwards and upwards divides

into two portions, inserted by long tendons into the spines of the

second and first dorsal vertebree ; it then sends a few fibres forwards

to join the outer and anterior fasciculus, which is partly inserted by

a slender tendon into the spine of the last cervical vertebra: the rest

of the fibres of the second fasciculus join the portion of the longis-

simus dorsi which is implanted into the oblique process of the last

cervical vertebra. The three inserted tendons of the spinalis dorsi

are also the medium of attachment of fibres continued from the

multifidus spine, beneath them.

Multifidus spine.—The series of muscles so called arises by fleshy

fibres from the transverse processes of the five last dorsal vertebre,

which pass upwards, forwards and inwards, to be inserted by four flat

tendons into the spines of the seventh to the third dorsal vertebrze

inclusive, and by the tendons of the spznalis dorsi into the two an-

terior dorsal spines.

Obliquo-spinales.—The removal of this muscle brings into view

a series of long, narrow, flat tendons, coming off from the spines of

all the dorsal vertebrae, and slightly expanding as they proceed for-

wards and obliquely downwards and outwards ; they become fleshy

half-way from their origin, and are inserted into the posterior

oblique and transverse processes of the six anterior dorsal vertebree,

and into the posterior oblique processes of the three last cervical

vertebree.

Interspinales—The interspinales muscles do not exist in the

* « Aecessoires du long postérieur du cou, Cuvier, loc. cit. p. 284.

region of the back, unless we regard the preceding oblique fibres as

a modified representation of them. The most posterior fasciculus

of muscular fibres, which is directly extended between the spinous

processes, commences at the interspace of the spines of the two last

cervical vertebrze, and the series is continued as far as the vertebra

dentata.

Interarticulares.—The muscles which form the more direct con-

tinuation of the obliguo-spinales are continued from the posterior

oblique or articular processes of one vertebra to the posterior arti-

cular process of the next in front.

Obliquo-transversales.—A third series of deep-seated intervertebral

muscles is situated external to the preceding, and passes obliquely

between the upper transverse process and the posterior articular

process of the vertebra in front.. These fasciculi appear to be a

continuation of the multifidus spine in the neck.

Intertransversales.—There are also two series of short carneous

fasciculi passing the one between the upper, and the other between

‘the lower transverse processes.

Levatores costarum.—The first or most anterior of this series of

muscles seems to represent the scalenus medius ; it arises from both

the upper and lower transverse processes of the Jast cervical verte-

bra, and expands to be inserted into the first rib, and into the upper

and outer part of the second rib. The remaining levatores success-

ively diminish in size as they are placed backwards; they come off

from the transverse processes of the six first dorsal vertebrze ; those

from the first and second expand to be inserted into the rib attached

to the same transverse process and to the one next behind; the rest

have a single insertion: the angle and the part of the rib imme-

diately beneath are the situations of their attachments.

B. In Front of the Neck.

Longus colli.—This muscle is represented by a series of closely

succeeding long, narrow fasciculi, arising from the hemapophyses of

the sixth to the first dorsal and from the ten posterior cervical ver-

tebre ; and sending narrow tendons, which increase in length as they

are given off more anteriorly, obliquely forwards and outwards, to be

inserted into the costal processes of all the cervical vertebre save the

two first: the highest or foremost tendon is attached to the tubercle

at the under part of the ring of the atlas; but this tendon is also

the medium of insertion of a fasciculus of muscular fibres arising

from the upper transverse processes of the sixth, fifth, fourth, third

and second cervical vertebree.

The Rectus capitis anticus major is continued, or arises by as many

distinct tendons, from the five superior tendons of insertion of the

preceding muscle ; these origins soon become fleshy, converge, and

coalesce previous to their insertion into the base of the skull.

The Rectus capitis anticus minor is a strong fleshy triangular muscle

arising from the anterior part of the body of the first four cervical

vertebree.

The Rectus capitis lateralis arises from the upper transverse pro-

cesses of the sixth to the second cervical vertebra inclusive.

The Intertransversales are short, ill-defined muscles, blended with

aponeurotic processes which pass from one transverse process longi-

tudinally to the next in advance.

C. Muscles of the Tail.

Levator caude.—Origin. From the posterior and superior extre-

mity of the ischium. Jns. Into the spines of the caudal vertebre.

Adductor caude superior.—This muscle is smaller than the pre-

ceding, with which it runs parallel ; it rises below from the posterior

extremity or tuber of the ischium, and is inserted into the transverse

processes of the caudal vertebre.

Adductor caude@ inferior.—Origin. From the tuber ischii, and the

ligament connecting this with the posterior extremity of the pubis.

Ins. Into the transverse processes of the caudal vertebre.

Depressor caude.—Origin. From the under part of the middle

line of pelvis. Ins. Into the inferior spines of the caudal vertebree.

D. Muscles of the Abdomen.

Obliquus externus abdominis—— Origin. Fleshy, from the second

and third ribs; and by a strong aponeurosis from the succeeding

ribs near the attachment of the costal processes, and from those pro-

cesses. Ins. The fleshy fibres are continued from this aponeurotic

origin to nearly opposite the ends of the vertebral ribs; they run

almost transversely, very slightly inclined towards the pubis, to within

half an inch of the linea alba, and there terminate, by an almost

straight, parallel line, in their aponeurosis of insertion. ‘The fibres

of this aponeurosis decussate those of the opposite side, and adhere

to the tendinous intersections of the rectus beneath. The aponeu-

rosis from the last rib passes to be inserted into a strong ligament

extending between the free extremities of the ossa pubis, leaving the

abdomen behind the last rib defended only by the internal oblique

and transversalis.

Obliquus internus abdominis.—Origin. From the whole of the an-

terior and outer surface of the pubis; aponeurotic from the upper

part, fleshy for half an inch from the lower or ventral extremity : the

carneous fibres run longitudinally, and cannot be distinctly defined

from the intercostales on their outer border, or from the rectus ab-

dominis on their inner or mesial border, which forms the medium of

the insertion of the internal oblique. “I

Rectus abdominis.—I give this name to the mesial continuation of

the preceding muscle, which arises by a strong, flat, triangular ten-

don from the lower or ventral extremity of the pubis and from the

inter-pubic ligament: it soon becomes fleshy ; the carneous portion

is interrupted by three broad, oblique, but distinct aponeurotic inter-

sections, and is finally inserted into the xiphoid and lateral processes

of the sternum and the intervening fascia.

Transversalis abdominis.—A layer of loose, dark-coloured cellular

tissue divides the internal oblique from the transverse abdominal,

except at its origin from the pubis, and for half an inch anterior to

that part.

The transversalis then proceeds to derive carneous fibres from the

inner surface of the vertebral ribs near their lower third ; they pass

obliquely upwards and forwards, and terminate bya regular, slightly

concave line midway between their origins and the extremities of

the ribs; a strong aponeurosis passes thence to the linea alba, but

becomes thin at the pubic region, where a mass of fat is interposed

between it and the peritoneum.

Diaphragm.—This muscle presents more of its normal mammalian

character in this than in any other known bird. It is perforated by

vessels only, in consequence of the non-development of the abdominal

air-cells. The origin corresponding to that of the lesser muscle in

Mammalia is by two strong and distinct, short tendinous pillars, from

the sides of the body of the last costal vertebra; they are united by

a strong tendon or fascia, forming the anterior boundary of the aortic

passage. ‘The tendinous pillars may be traced forward for some way

in the central aponeurosis, expanding without crossing; they are

then lost in that aponeurosis, which is perforated by the gastric arte-

ries and veins; divides anteriorly to give passage to the gullet and

the apex of the heart; the aponeurosis expands over the anterior

part of the thoracic air-cells, and becomes, at its lateral circumfe-

rence, the point of attachment of muscular fibres arising from the

inner surface of the anterior ribs, and forming apparently a continu-

ation of the transversalis abdominis.

Intercostales externi.—Origin. From the posterior edge and ex-

tremity of the costal processes or appendages. Ins. They run down

to be inserted severally into the rib posterior to that to which the

process affording them origin is attached. These processes are sup-

ported by strong triangular aponeuroses continued from their anterior

and upper margins, severally, to the rib anterior to them.

A strong muscle arises from the anterior or costal angle of the

scapula, and passes backwards to be inserted into the extremity of

the third vertebral rib and its corresponding sternal portion. This

muscle is a direct inspirator.

Muscuzs or tHE ANTERIOR EXTREMITY.

Serratus magnus anticus.—This muscle consists of three portions ;

the first and anterior portion arises by a short, strong aponeurosis

from the last cervical rib, and is inserted into the lower edge of the

anterior two-thirds of the scapula: the second middle portion arises

from the lower end of the second vertebral rib, near the attachment

of the costal process, and from the anterior margin of the same rib,

and is inserted into the lower edge of the posterior two-thirds of the

scapula: the third, posterior and smallest portion rises from the costal

process of the third rib, and ascends to be inserted into the posterior

extremity of the scapula.

This muscle is a direct inspirator: by drawing down the scapula

it depresses the sternum through the medium of the strong coracoi-

deum, increases the angle between the vertebral and sternal ribs, and -

dilates the thoracic air-cells. ’

Levator scapule.—This seems to be the most anterior portion of

the series of muscles which constitute the serratus magnus. Origin.

Two flat fleshy strips from the inferior transverse and costal processes

of the last and penultimate cervical vertebre. Jns. Into the inner

and upper side of the middle third of the scapula. It depresses as

well as draws forwards the scapula, and thus aids the serratus in the

action of inspiration.

Serratus anticus minor.—Origin. From the outer part of the costal

process of the sternum. Jns. Into the posterior part of the base of

the coracoideum.

Trapezius.—This flattened oblong quadrilateral muscle arises from

the fascia, extending upon the back from the spinous processes of

the posterior cervical vertebre, and is inserted into the conjoined

extremities of the scapula and coracoideum.

There is no representative of the rhomboidei.

Latissimus dorsi.—This muscle consists, as usual in Birds, of two

portions, both of which have their origin from a continuation of the

fascia (attached to the dorsal spines) which also gives origin to the

trapezius: the fibres of the smaller and anterior slip converge to

their insertion: the fibres of the posterior and broader strip are

slightly twisted, the posterior edge being folded inwards as they also

converge to join the preceding, and to be inserted with it into the

posterior and inner side of the proximal extremity of the humerus.

Deltoides.— This is a single long and narrow triangular muscle, of

which the base is attached to the conjoined extremities of the scapula

and ccoracoid, and to the capsule of the shoulder-joint; the apical

insertion is into the upper and outer third of the humerus, which this

muscle directly raises. ;

Infraspinatus.—A muscle which may be compared either to the

infraspinatus or teres major comes off from the lower margin of the

anterior two-thirds of the scapula, passes behind the shoulder-joint,

where it is closely attached to the scapula, and is inserted into the

inner and posterior part of the proximal end of the humerus.

Musculi pectorales.—The pectoral muscles, which present their

feeblest condition and lowest development in the Apteryz, are never-

theless similar in number and arrangement to those which in some

birds of flight are known to outweigh all the other muscles of the

body.

The pectoralis major is represented by two very thin triangular

layers of muscular fibres, the anterior of which is three lines broad

at its base, and is attached to the sternum immediately exterior to

the perforation of that bone: the second, posterior, and somewhat

narrower portion, rises immediately behind the preceding, from the

osseous bridge separating the perforation from the notch; the two

portions converge as they extend upwards and outwards to unite

and be inserted into the anterior and internal surface of the proximal

third of the humerus.

The pectoralis medius seu secundus is a similar, thin, feeble, but

broader triangular layer of carneous fibres ; which arise anterior to

the preceding, just below the coracoid socket of the sternum, and

converge as they wind over the shoulder-joint to be inserted into

the upper surface of the proximal extremity of the humerus, of which

they thus become an elevator.

The pectoralis minor seu tertius arises above and between the ori-

gins of the pectoralis secundus and the anterior strip of the pectoralis

major, also partly from coracoid process ; its fibres converge to be in-

serted into the proximal end of the humerus, above and behind the

pectoralis major.

Coraco-brachialis.—This is represented by two small strips of mus-

cular fibres which rise from the posterior part of the coracoideum,

and are inserted, one directly below the other, into the proximal

third of the humerus.

Obs.—The close adherence to the ornithic type of the muscular

system of the anterior extremity in the Apteryxr is very remarkable,

especially as regards the position and course of the pectoralis medius,

since the physiological conditions of the circumstances attending that

muscle are wanting in the Apferyz.

Here we have a true bird, exhibiting a remarkable modification of

the whole ornithic structure, in reference to exclusively terrestrial

life and nocturnal habits ; and we learn, I think, from this adherence

to a typical organization, in a very rare exception, that the teleolo-

gical conclusions respecting that typical construction, as it is mani-

fested in the general rule, are in no ways affected by such an excep-

tion; because the modification of one part necessarily affects that of

many others, perhaps of the whole body. If, for example, the fixa-

tion and structure of the lungs require a broad sternum and con-

comitant modifications of the coracoid and scapula for the mecha-

nical part of the respiratory process, then it may be more convenient

for the levator of the humerus to rise below that bone from the

sternum, and actin the due direction by a modification of its course ;

although the locomution of the bird may in no way be facilitated by

the aggregation of muscle beneath the centre of gravity, nor the size

of the levator be such as to render its particular position a matter of

any consequence in regard to that centre.

The motions of the rudimental wing and its terminal hook would

seem to be produced as much by the cutaneous muscles which con-

verge to be inserted into the integument connected with it, as by

the feeble representatives of the true wing-muscles above described.

Muscuzs or THE PostER10R ExTREMITY.

The most superficial of the muscles on the outer side of the leg is

that broad thin expanded one which combines the functions of the

tensor vagine and rectus femoris, and also, according to some anato-

mists, as Cuvier and Meckel, those of the gluteus maximus ; since

however it is exclusively inserted into the leg, I shall describe it with

the other muscles moving that segment of the posterior extremity.

The removal of this muscle, of the sartorius, and the biceps cruris,

is requisite to bring into view the glutai.

Gluteus externus.—The external gluteus (gluteus medius of Meckel),

as in most Mammalia, is smaller than the middle or internal glutez,

but is relatively larger in the Apferyz than in birds of flight, in which

it is described as the pyriformis by Cuvier. This muscle, however,

besides its origin from the outside of the pelvis, overlaps part of the

gluteus medius, and has its insertion into the femur at some distance

below the great trochanter, all of which are marked characteristics

of the gluteus magnus. Origin. It takes its origin from the superior

margin of the os innominatum, extends along an inch and a quarter

of that margin, directly above the hip-joint, and is chiefly attached

by distinct short tendinous threads, which run down upon the exter-

nal surface of the muscle: it rises also by carneous fibres from the

external surface of the innominatum for three lines below the superior

margin. Insertion. The fibres converge and pass into a tendinous

sheet, beginning on the external surface of the muscle half-way down

its course, which ends in a broad, flat, strong tendon, inserted into a

rising on the outer side of the femur nearly an inch below the great

trochanter. It abducts and raises the femur.

Gluteus medius.—Origin. A large triangular, strong and thick

muscle, has an origin of three inches extent from the rounded an-

terior and superior margin of the ilium, and from the contiguous

outer surface of the bone for an extent varying from an inch to eight

lines. Jns. Its fibres converge toa strong, short, broad and flat ten-

don, implanted in the external depression of the great trochanter,

having a bursa mucosa interposed between the tendon and the bony

elevation anterior to the depression.

Gluteus minimus.—Origin. It rises below the preceding muscle

from the anterior and inferior extremity, and from one inch and

three-fourths of the inferior and outer margin of the ilium, and con-

tiguous external surface, as far as the origin of the gluteus medius ;

also by some fleshy fibres from the outside of the last rib. Ins. These

fibres slightly converge as they pass backwards to terminate in a

broad flat tendon which bends over the outer surface of the femur, to

be inserted into the elevation anterior to the attachment of the gluteus

magnus.

A muscle which may be regarded either as distinct, or a strip of

the preceding one, arises immediately behind it from half an inch of

the outer and inferior part of the ilium ; its fibres run nearly parallel

with those of the gluteus minimus, and terminate in a thin flat

tendon, which similarly bends round the outer part of the femur, to

be inserted into the outer and under part of the trochanter imme-

diately below the tendon of the gluteus medius. ‘This muscle is

peculiar to the Apteryx, and the preceding portion, or gluteus mini-

mus, is absent in most birds.

Use.—All the preceding muscles combine to draw the femur for-

wards, and to abduct and rotate it inwards.

Iliacus internus.—This is a somewhat short thick muscle, of a pa-

rallelogrammic form, fleshy throughout; rising from the tuberosity

of the innominatum in front of the acetabulum immediately below the

gluteus minimus, and inserted at a point corresponding to the inner

trochanter, into the inner side of the femur near the head of that

bone, which it thus adducts and rotates outwards. This muscle is

present both in the Ostrich and Bustard, but Meckel says it is want-

ing in the Cassowary.—Arch. xiii. 261.

Pyramidalis.—The same kind of modification which affects the

iliacus internus, viz. the displacement of its origin from the inner

surface of the ilium to a situation nearly external, affects this muscle,

which, from its insertion and triangular form, I regard as the ana-

logue of the pyramidalis. It arises fleshy from the outer surface of

the extended ischium for the extent of an inch, and converges to a

broad flat tendon which is inserted into the trochanter femoris oppo-

site, but close to, that of the gluteus minimus, which it opposes, ab-

ducting and rotating the femur outwards.

Adductor brevis femoris.—A small, long and slender muscle arises

from the innominatum immediately behind the acetabulum, passes

over the back part of the great trochanter, becomes partially tendi-

nous, and is inserted into the back part of the femur in common with

the following muscle.

Adductor longus. —A long broad and thin muscle, separated from

the preceding by the ischiadic nerve and artery. The origin of this

muscle extends one inch and a quarter from near the upper margin

of the innominatum which is behind the acetabulum ; it is joined by

the preceding strip, and is inserted into the whole of the lower two-

thirds of the back part of the femur.

Adductor magnus.—This broad and flat muscle has an extensive

origin (two inches) from the outer edge of the ischium and the

obturator fascia ; its fibres slightly diverge as they pass downwards

to be inserted into the back part of the lower half of the femur, and

into the upper and back part of the tibia.

Obturator internus.—This arises from the inner side of the oppo-

site margins of the pubis and ischium, where they form the posterior

boundary of the obturator foramen, and from the corresponding part

of the obturator fascia; the fleshy fibres converge in a slightly pen-

niform manner to the strong round tendon which glides through the

notch, separated from the rest of the foramen by a short, strong,

transverse, unossified ligament, and is inserted into the posterior part

of the base of the trochanter. In its length and size this muscle re-

sembles the corresponding one in the Ostrich and other Struthious

birds.

Gemellus.—This is represented by a single small fleshy strip

arising from the margin of the obturator foramen, close to the emer-

gence of the tendon of the obturator internus, with which it is joined,

and co-inserted into the femur.

Quadratus.—I consider a broad fleshy muscle which arises from

the pubis, below the obturator foramen, and which increases in breadth

to be inserted into the femur internal and posterior to the obturator

tendon, to be the true analogue of the guadratus femoris.

Mouscuzs or THE Lee.

Tensor vagine and Rectus femoris.—The largest and most remark-

able of the muscles which act upon the bones of the leg is that

already alluded to as the most superficial of those on the outer

side of the thigh, It has a broad, thin, triangular form, arises from

the spines of the sacrum by a-strong but short aponeurosis which

soon becomes fleshy; the carneous fibres converge as they descend*,

and pass into a thin aponeurosis at the lower third of the thigh:

this is closely attached to the muscles beneath (vastus externus and

crureus), then spreads over the outer and anterior part of the knee-

joint, is inserted into the patella, and into the anterior process of the

head of the tibia.

Owing to the great antero-posterior extent of the origin of this

muscle, its anterior fibres are calculated to act as a flexor, its pos-

terior ones as an extensor of the femur: all together combine to

abduct the thigh and extend the leg, unless when this is in a state

of extreme flexion, when a few of the posterior fibres glide behind

the centre of motion of the knee-joint.

Sartorius.—The origin of this muscle is proportionally as much

extended as that of the preceding, with which it is posteriorly conti-

nuous: it comes off aponeurotic, from the anterior and superior

margin or labrum of the ilium; the fibres soon become fleshy, and

the muscle diminishes in breadth and increases in thickness as it de-

scends: it is inserted by short and strong tendinous filaments ob-

liquely into the anterior part of the tendon of the broad rectus, and

into the upper and anterior end of the tibia. Its insertion is partly

covered by the internal head of the gastrocnemius.

It bends and adducts the thigh, and extends the leg.

Biceps flexor cruris.—This is a single muscle, corresponding with

the preceding in the characteristic modifications of its extended ori-

gin, in relation to the great antero-posterior development of the pel-

vic bones. It is exposed by the removal of the broad rectus. Orig. By

a broad and thin aponeurotic tendon, which at first is confluent with

that of the rectus, but soon becomes distinct. Jns. The fleshy fibres

converge as they descend along the back and outer part of the thigh,

and finally terminate in a strong round tendon, which glides through

a loop formed here principally by a splitting of the tendinous origin

of the gastrocnemius externus, and is inserted into the process on the

outside of the fibula one: inch from its proximal extremity. By

means of the loopt the weight of the hinder parts of the body is

partially transferred, when the leg is bent, to the distal end of the

femur; and the biceps is enabled, by the same beautiful and simple

* They are not divided into a superficial and deep layer, as in the Ostrich,

but form a simple stratum, as in the Cassowary. Meckel regards the rectus

as entirely wanting in the Cassowary, supposing the present muscle to be

the analogue of the gluteus maximus and tensor vagine united. He says

that Professor Nitzch observed a like absence of the rectus femoris in the

Emeu. The muscle which these anatomists call the rectus in other birds, is

astrip of the crureus, arising high up from the femur, and which in the

Ostrich takes its origin from the os pubis.

+ Which in the common fowl is formed chiefly by a ligament extended

from the back of the outer condyle of the femur to the head of the tibia.

mechanism, to effect a more rapid and extensive inflection of the leg

than it otherwise could have produced by the simple contraction of

its fibres.

Semimembranosus.—Origin. From the side of the coccygeal ver-

tebre, and from the posterior end of the ischium ; it crosses the

superficial or internal side of the semitendinosus. Ins. Into the fascia

covering the gastrocnemius and the inside of the tibia.

Semitendinosus.—This muscle arises from the posterior and outer

part of the sacrum and ischium: it is a flattened triangular muscle,

which receives the square accessorius muscle from the lower and

posterior part of the femur. It gradually diminishes as it descends,

and having passed the knee-joint, sénds off at right angles a broad

and square sheet of aponeurosis, which glides between the two ori-

gins of the gastrocnemius internus, and is inserted into the lower part

of the angular ridge continued from the inside of the head of the

tibia. The terminal tendon, continued from the apex of the muscle,

then runs along the outer or fibular margin of the internal head of

the gastrocnemius, and becomes confluent with the terminal tendon

of that muscle.

Crureus.—This is a simple but strong muscle: it commences at

the upper and anterior part of the thigh by two extremities, of which

the outer and upper one has its origin extended to the base of the

trochanter; the inner and inferior comes off from the inner side of

the femur, beneath the insertion of the gluteus magnus ; the two por-

tions blend into one muscle much earlier than in the Ostrich.

Gracilis.—On the inner side of the crureus, but more super-

ficially, lies a narrow, compressed, long muscle, which rises by two

heads, one from the anterior and upper part of the femur, the other

from the os pubis ; both soon become blended together and transmit

a broad thin tendon to be inserted into the lower and lateral part of

the patella with the erureus.

Vastus internus.—Two other muscles succeed the preceding, and

rise beneath it from the inner and anterior part of the femur; they

have a similar insertion, and obviously represent the vastus internus.

The fibres converge to a middle aponeurosis, which increases to a

strong short tendon, inserted into the upper and anterior projection

of the tibia.

Popliteus.—This small muscle is brought into view when the super-

ficial muscles of the leg which are inserted into the foot are re-

moved. Its carneous fibres extend from the fibula inwards and down-

wards to the tibia. It is of relatively smaller extent than in the

Cassowary.

Gastrocnemius.—This consists, as in other birds, of several distinct

portions, the chief of which correspond with the external and inter-

nal origins of the same muscle in the Mammalia. The gastrocne-

mius externus has two strong, narrow, rather flattened tendinous

origins, which are attached, one about a line below the other, to the

external ridge above the outer condyle of the femur; they are

continued into each other about an inch below their bony attach-

ments, and thus form a loop or pulley (lined by a synovial sheath)

through which the tendon of the biceps glides; a strong ligament

from the outer ridge of the fibula passes backwards to be attached

to the confluence of the two tendons. The carneous fibres of the

external gastrocnemius come off from the outer side of the inferior of

these tendons, and from the fascia covering the outer surface of the

muscles of the leg: they are continued in a somewhat penniform

arrangement two-thirds down the leg, upon the inner surface of the

muscle, where they end inastrong subcompressed tendon. ‘This joins

its fellow tendon, from the internal gastrocnemius, behind the ankle-

joint, and both expand into a thick, strong, ligamentous aponeurosis,

which extends over three-fourths of the posterior part of the tarso-

metatarsal joint. The lateral margins of this fascia are bent down

under the flexor tendons behind the joint, and become continuous

with a strong ligamentous layer gliding upon the posterior surface

of the distal condyles of the tibia, and attached to the tendons of the

peroneus and tibialis anticus; the conjunction of the thickened ten-

dons of the gastrocnemii with this deeper-seated layer of ligamento-

tendinous substance constitutes a trochlear sheath lined by synovial

membrane, through which the flexor tendons of the toes glide. The

synovial membrane of the ankle-joint is continued upwards half

an inch above the articular surface of the bone, between it and the

cartilaginous pulley. Below the joint the margins are inserted into

the lateral ridges of the tarso-metatarsal bone, becoming gradually

thinner as they descend, and ending below in a thin semilunar edge

directed downwards.

The gastrocnemius internus has two powerful heads, one from the

femur, the other from the tibia; the first arises fleshy from the in-

ternal condyle of the femur, expands as it descends, and receives

additional fibres from the lower edge of the accessorius semitendi-

nosi. About one-fifth down the tibia, this muscular origin, in the

right leg, terminated in a short flattened tendon, which became at-

tached to the imner side of the tibial portion of the gastrocnemius

internus. In the left leg the tendon soon divided; one portion

passed to the soleus, the other went to join the tibial portion of the

gastrocnemius internus. The second head, which is separated from the

preceding by the insertion of the semitendinosus, arises partly from

the internal and anterior part of the strong fascia of the knee-joint by

short tendinous fibres, which almost immediately become fleshy, and

partly from a well-defined triangular surface on the inner and ante-

rior aspect of the head of the tibia: the fleshy fibres converge,

receive the tendinous slip from the femoral portion, and end on the

inner side of the muscle in a strong flattened tendon, about two-

thirds down the leg: this joins the tendon of the gastrocnemius ex-

ternus, and is inserted as described above.

Soleus.—A slender flattened muscle arising from the inner and

posterior side of the tibia, the tendon of which joins that of the gas-

trocnemius internus, behind the tarsal joint.

The flexor perforatus of the inner toe lies immediately anterior

to the external gastrocnemius ; it arises fleshy from the outer condyle

of the femur, below the tendinous origin of that muscle, and terminates

in a slender flat tendon half-way down the leg. Its tendon glides

behind the tarsal joint through the sheath of the gastrocnemius, ex-

pands beneath the metatarsal joint, perforates the flexor of the proxi-

mal phalanx of the third toe, and then bifurcates to be attached to

the sides of the second phalanx, giving passage to the perforans tendon

of the last phalanx.

Flexor perforatus of the middle toe.—This arises by very short

tendons from the proximal end of the fibula, and from the ligament

attached to the bicipital pulley: it continues to derive a thin stratum

of fleshy fibres from the fascia covering the anterior surface of the

muscles of the leg: the fleshy fibres terminate half-way down the

leg in a flattened tendon, which pierces the tendon of the first per-

foratus of the middle toe, then runs forward to the outer toe, expands

into a thick ligamentous substance beneath the proximal phalanx,

and sends off two tendinous attachments on each side, one to the

proximal, the other to the second phalanx, and is continued to be

finally inserted into both sides of the third phalanx.

Flexor perforatus digitorum pedis is the strongest of the three ;

it arises fleshy from the posterior part of the distal extremity of the

femur, above the external condyle, and also by a distinct tiattened

tendon, one inch in length, from the proximal end of the tibia: this

-tendon moreover receives the long slender tendon sent off obliquely

across the front of the knee-joint from the pectineus, by which its

origin is extended to the pelvis. ‘This accessory tendon perforates

the inner fleshy surface of the muscle, and is finally lost about half-

way down the carneous part. Before the flexor digitorum is joined

by the tendon of the pectineus, it subdivides posteriorly into four

muscular fasciculi: the anterior division receives principally the above

tendon. ‘The muscle becomes wholly tendinous two-thirds down the

leg ; its tendon passes through the posterior part of the pulley of the

gastrocnemius, and expands as it passes along the metatarsus : a thick

ligamentous substance is developed in it, opposite the joint of the

proximal phalanx of the second toe, into the sides of which it is

inserted, dividing for that purpose, and giving passage to the two

other flexor tendons of that tue. The second portion of the present

muscle terminates in a tendon situated behind the preceding, which

passes through a distinct sheath behind the tarsal joint, expands

into a sesamoid fibro-cartilage beneath the corresponding expansion

of the previous tendon, which it perforates, and then becomes itself

the perforated tendon of the second phalanx of the second toe, in the

sides of which it is inserted. The third portion of this muscle ends

in a somewhat smaller tendon than the preceding. ‘The fourth and

most posterior portion soon becomes a distinct muscle; its fleshy

fibres cease on the inner side, one-fourth down the leg, but on the

outside they are continued three-fourths down the leg: its tendon

passes through the gastrocnemial pulley behind the ankle-joint, and

divides to form a sheath for the first perforatus of the fourth toe ;

it is then joined by a tendon passing through a pulley across the ex-

ternal malleolus, and finally becomes the perforated tendon of the

first metacarpal bone of the middle or third tve.

Pectineus (Rectus anticus femoris of Meckel).—This is a long,

thin, narrow strip of muscle arising from the spine of the pubis, ante-

rior to the acetabulum, and passing straight down the inner side of

the thigh; it degenerates into a small round tendon near the knee,

which tendon traverses a pulley, formed by an oblique perforation in

the strong rotular tendon of the extensors of the leg, and thus pass-

ing across the knee-joint to the outer side of the leg, finally expands,

and is lost in the flexor perforatus digitorum last described. It is

this muscle which causes the toes to be bent when the knee is bent.

Peroneus longus.—Origin: tendinous from the head of the tibia,

and by carneous fibres from the upper half of the anterior margin of

the tibia; these fibres pass obliquely to a marginal tendon, which

becomes stronger and of a rounded form where it leaves the muscle.

The tendon gives off a broad, thin, aponeurotic sheath to be inserted

into the capsule of the tarsal joint ; it is then continued through a

synovial pulley on the side of the outer malleolus, and is finally in-

serted or continued into the perforated tendon of the middle toe.

Tibialis anticus.—This muscle is overlapped and concealed by the

peroneus; it arises partly in common with that muscle, and partly

by separate short tendinous threads from the outer part of the head

of the tibia; it gradually becomes narrower, and finally tendinous

two-thirds of the way down the leg; its strong tendon glides

through the oblique pulley in front of the distal end of the tibia,

expands as it passes over the ankle-joint, and is inserted into the

anterior part of the proximal end of the tarso-metatarsal hone, sending

off a small tendinous slip to the aponeurosis covering the extensor

tendons of the toes, and a strong tendon which joins the fibular side

of the following muscle.

Extensor longus digitorum.—This lies between the tibialis anticus

and the front and outer facet of the tibia, from which it derives an

extensive origin; its tendon commences half-way down the leg;runs

along the anterior part of the bone, first under the broad ligamentous

band representing the anterior part of the annular ligament, then

through a ligamentous pulley, and inclines to the inner or tibial side

of the anterior surface of the metatarsal bone, where it expands and

divides into three tendons. Of these the innermost is given off first,

and subdivides into two tendons, one of which goes to be inserted into

the base of the last phalanx of the second toe; the other portion is

principally inserted into the middle toe, but also sends off a small

tendon to the inner side of the proximal phalanx of the second toe.

The second tendon is inserted by distinct portions into the second,

third and last phalanges of the middle toe. The third tendon supplies

the outer toe.

Extensor brevis digitorum.—A small extensor muscle arises from

the insertion of the tibialis anticus, and sends its tendon to the outer

side of that of the great evtensor digitorum.

Lixiensor pollicis brevis.—An extensor of the small innermost toe

arises from the upper and inner side of the tarso-metatarsal bone.

Flexor perforans digitorum.—This strong penniform muscle arises

fleshy from nearly the whole of the outer surface of the fibula, also

from the posterior part of the tibia and the interosseous space; the

tendon of the biceps perforates its upper part in passing to its in-

sertion. It ends in a strong flat tendon at the lower third of the

leg, which tendon runs through a particular sheath at the back part

of the tarsal pulley, becomes thickened and expanded as it advances

forwards beneath the tarsus, receives a strong accessorial tendon

from the muscle which bends the innermost toe, and finally divides

into three strong perforating tendons, which bend the last joints of

the three long toes.

In the outer, or fourth toe, both the perforans and perforaius ten-

dons are confined by a double annular ligament; the exterior one

being continued from the adjoining toe, the inner and stronger one

from the sides of the proximal phalanx of the outer toe.

The second and third toes have two perforated tendons; one in-

serted into the sides of first, and the other into sides of second

phalanx.

Mr. Gould then proceeded to characterize a new species of Pera-

meles from Port Essington,-and a new species of Dasyurus from the

same locality.

PERAMELES MACROURA. Per. corpore supra nigro et flavescenti-

albo penicillato, infra sordidé albo; pilis rigidis obsito ; caudd

pilis parvulis parce tectd, longitudine dimidio corporis equante ;

supra nigrd, infra fuscescenti-albd ; auribus mediocribus.

unc. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 16 3

COMMER MCN alveiaarie er Sor OS oi 7 3

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 3 4

— tarsi digitorumque........ 02024 ayer

GUMIRI Ls OLR Se swh.j Joven Ea ota bad

Hab. Port Essington.

The P. macroura greatly resembles the P. nasuta, having the same

elongated form of head, character of fur and colouring, but is distin-

guishable by its longer tail.

Dasyurus HALLucaTus. Das. supra flavescenti-fuscus, nigro-

penicillatus, maculis albis ornatus ; corpore infra albo ; cauda im-

maculatd ad apicem nigrd.

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin... 11 0

CREE 0 eS tok ais Lael ten 9570

wa ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 2 6

tarsi digitorumque.............. 1 1S

G08 g568. Fee § Incid ono-yiae oi) 140

Hab. Port Essington.

‘This species most nearly resembles the Dasyurus Geoffroii, but is

of a smaller size, and has the thumb of the hind-foot more developed.

Accompanying the specimen from which the above description is

taken was another individual, which differs only in having the

ground-colour of the body nearly black ; hence it would appear that

the present species is subject to the same kind of variation in its

colouring as the Dasyurus Maugei, the black variety of which has

received the name viverrinus.

The following “‘ Monograph of Crassatella, a genus of Acephalous

Mollusks (Family Mactracea),”’ by Mr. Lovell Reeve, was next read.

The genus Crassatella was instituted by Lamarck for the purpose

of associating certain bivalve mollusks that had been hitherto dis-

tributed amongst the Mactre and the Veneres. Their shells exhibit an

interesting peculiarity of character, differing from the former in being

thick and solid, and for the most part covered with a strong brown

epidermis ; and from the latter in the position of the ligament. The

genus, however, as introduced by Lamarck, was yet imperfect; it

included five species that could not easily be distinguished from his

Amphidesmata, and was therefore susceptible of farther division.

With the view of uniting the intermediate species of these genera, a

new genus was proposed by Deshayes, under the title of Mesodesma,

and J have found great convenience in adopting it in my ‘ Systematic

Conchology.’ Thus out of eleven species described by Lamarck as

Crassatella, six only can be allowed toremain. Since his time, how-

ever, several new and important species have been discovered ; two

have been described by Sowerby in the ‘ Proceedings’ of this Society,

one by the same author in his ‘ Appendix to the Tankerville Cata-

logue,’ and I have now the pleasure of exhibiting ten more, which

I believe to be entirely new to science.

To make this a complete monograph, I mention all the species,

distinguishing the new ones by the addition of the specific charac-

ters.

1. CrassaTELLa CASTANEA. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, gibbosd,

umbonibus plané erosis, epidermide castaned, quasi politd nitente,

indutd ; intis subfuscd ; latere antico rotundato ; postico angulifero,

abrupto. Reeve, Conch. Icon.* Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 3.

Long. 34; alt. 3 poll. Mus. Stainforth, Saul, Walton.

Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandiz.

The Crassatella castanea is the largest and perhaps the best defined

species of the genus; its shell is covered with a shining horny epi-

dermis, and both valves are singularly eroded at the umbones. I

know of three specimens of this fine shell, and each of them fully

exhibit this last-mentioned peculiarity.

2. CrassaTELLA Kinecicoza. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v.

p. 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 5.

Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandiz. Mus. Stainforth.

A specimen of this species, in the possession of the Rev. Mr.

Stainforth, is the only one that I have seen.

8. CRASSATELLA DECIPIENS. Crass. testd ovatd, subgibbd, epider-

mide fusca indutd, vividé radiatd, radtis ab umbonibus ad margines

* Having made accurate drawings of the Crassatelle, with a view to

publication at some future period, I venture to refer to a pictorial and de-

scriptive repertory of species now in course of preparation, to be entitled

«‘ Concnotoeia Icontca.”

sepe extensis ; latere antico subangulato, striis brevibus ornato ;

postico subquadrato, parim productiore. Reeve, Conch. Icon.

Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 4.

Long. 23; alt. 24 poll.

Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandie.

Crassatella Kingicola, Nobis (falsd), Conch. Syst., vol. i. pl. 44. f. 3.

This species, which has lately arrived from New Holland in great

abundance, has been received by most collectors as the Crassatella

Kingicola of Lamarck; I moreover regret that it has been errone-

ously figured under that title in my ‘ Conchologia Systematica.’ This

error was kindly pointed out to me by Mr. Sowerby, and I am now

satisfied that the shell of Lamarck’s Crassatella Kingicola, which is

accurately figured in the ‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,’ is

one of extreme rarity. Mr. Cuming possesses a gibbous variety of

the C. decipiens, but it is not sufficiently distinct to demand especial

notice. Mr. Owen is we believe engaged upon the anatomy of this

species.

4. CrassaTELLA PULCHRA. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, depressd,

obsolete radiatd, epidermide crassd, fibrosd, molliusculd, indutd ;

transversim sulcatd, sulcis profundis, regularibus ; latere antico

rotundato ; postico subangulato. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella,

pl. 3. f. 16.

Long. 27; alt. 2 poll. Mus. Cuming, Stainforth.

Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandie.

De Blainville appears to have figured this shell in his ‘ Manuel

de Malacologie’ as the Crassatella sulcata of Lamarck ; but it is of a

totally different form, nor does it agree with the Mactra sulcata of

Bruguiére, to which he refers in the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’ ; I

therefore now propose to distinguish it by the above new title. The

shell of the Crassatella sulcata approaches rather in form to that of

the Crassatella rostrata, the anterior side of which is specially cha-

racterized as being productiore ; the grooves too in that species run

- irregularly across the valves, and are not parallel with the lines

that mark the increase of growth. The shell of the Crassatella pul-

chra, ou the contrary, is of a plain triangular form; the posterior

side is but slightly produced, the grooves are very deep, and they

run parallel with the lines of growth.

5. CRASSATELLA LAPIDEA. Crass. testd ovato-orbiculatd, epider-

mide fibrosd indutd, umbonibus parvis, striatis ; intis subfuscd ;

latere antico rotundato, abrupto, striis nonnullis brevibus ornato ;

postico subangulato. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 7.

Long. 12; alt. 14 poll. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. ad insulam Negros, Philippinarum.

Mr. Cuming met with one true pair only and a few odd valves of

this species at the Island of Negros in coarse sand in seven fathoms

‘water. The shell somewhat resembles that of the Crassatella donacina,

but may however be readily distinguished.

6. CrassaATELLA ponacinaA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v.

p. 481. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 19.

This shell, figured in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ pl. 4: f. 1,

a, 6, is extremely rare. The only specimens I have seen are in the

collections of Miss Saul and the Rev. Mr. Stainforth.

7. CRAssATELLA unDULATA. Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832,

p. 56; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 2. a. and 6.

8. CrassaTELLA ANTILLARUM. Crass. testi trigono-ovaid, vix

gibbosd, crassd, epidermide fibrosd indutd ; intits brunned, prope

ad marginem albicante ; umbonibus subdepressis, leviter undulatis ;

latere antico rotundato, postico subungulato. Reeve, Conch. Icon.

Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 8.

Long. 33; alt. 2 poll. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. ad insulam Margaritta, Antillarum.

Mr. Cuming informs me that this beautiful species was dredged

up in the pearl-fisheries at the island of Margaritta in the West

Indies. It is erroneously figured in Delessert’s ‘Recueil: de Co-

quilles’ as the Crassatella rostrata of Lamarck. ‘The rich chocolate

colour of the interior of this shell is very remarkable, approaching

somewhat in that respect to that of the preceding species.

9. CRAssaTELLA JuBAR. Crass. testd subovatd, vald? inequilaterd,

gibbosd, extis vivide radiata, radiis ferruginosis, ab umbonibus,

jubarum similitudine, divergentibus ; ad utrumque latus irregulari-

ter multistriata ; epidermide fusca, subquassd, sparsim indutd ; in-

tis alba, ad extremitatem posticam brunned ; umbonibus plicatis,

compressis ; latere antico inclinato, rotundato, postico arcuato,

elongato, acuminato. Reeve,Conch.Icon.Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 11.

Long. 23; alt. 13 poll. Mus. Cuming.

Hab, Ad oras occidentales Nove Hollandiz.

A single specimen of this fine shell was procured by Mr. Cuming

in Hamburgh ; it had been received from that prolific portion of the

globe above noted, and has made a valuable addition to the genus.

It has the general form of the C. gibbosa; the sides are profusely

striated, and the entire surface is richly illumined with brownish rays,

diverging like solar beams from the umbones to the margin.

10. CrassaTELLA suLcaTA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v.

p- 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 6. a. and 6.

Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandie.

This is another very rare species; I know of two or three odd

valves, but only one true pair, which is in Mr. Cuming’s collection.

11. CrassaTELLA rostTraTA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v.

p. 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 10.

Hab. ad insulam Ceylon.

The figures which have been just published by M. Chenu in De-

lessert’s ‘Recueil de Coquilles’ as the Crassatella rostrata of Lamarck,

are certainly not that species, nor do they at all correspond with his

description of it, particularly in that part which says intis margine

crenulato ; | have moreover every reason to believe that they are

drawn from specimens of the new species from the island of Marga-

ritta, which we have called Crassatella Antillarum. The Crassatella

rostrata is a well-known species from Ceylon, and the only large

one of the genus that is distinctly crenulated at the margin.

12. CrassaTeLta ciBposa. Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832,

p- 56; Reeve, Conch. Syst., pl. 44. fig. 2; and Conch. Icon. Cras-

satella, pl. 1. f. 1. a. and b.

13. CRASSATELLA CORBULOIDES. Crass. testd suborbiculatd, valde

. gibbosd, umbones versis profunde sulcatd, epidermide fuscd in-

-dutd ; latere antico rotundato, postico producto, subitd rostrato.

Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 9.

Long. 14; alt. 1 poll. Mus. Stainforth.

Hab. ?

The title of corbuloides is selected for this new and very character-

istic species, on account of its short gibbous form; the anterior side

is suddenly beaked, like some of the Corbule, and cannot well be

confounded with the Crassatella gibbosa, to which it is nearly allied.

14. CrassaTELLA RADIATA. Sowerby, App. Tank. Cat.; Reeve,

Conch. Syst., pl. 44. fig. 1; and Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 12.

Hab. ad insulam Singapore.

This species, originally describéd by Sowerby from a specimen

belonging to the late Earl of Tankerville, was found by Mr. Cuming

at the island of Singapore, in coarse sand at seven fathoms’ water.

15. CRASSATELLA SUBRADIATA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v.

p- 482; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 15. a. and 6.

I have little doubt but that the shell now before me, from the col-

lection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, is the Crassatella subradiata of

Lamarck. Unfortunately there does not exist any drawing of it, nor

does it appear in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ in which M. Chenu

professes to illustrate all the species described by Lamarck that have

not yet been figured.

16. CRASSATELLA CONTRARIA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v.

p- 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f.18. Mus. Stain-

forth, Saul.

Venus contraria, Gmelin.

Venus divaricata, Chemnitz.

Crassatella divaricata, D’Orbigny.

Hab. ad insulam Lancerotte, Canariarum.

I have only seen three specimens of this very interesting shell.

The above locality is quoted from D’Orbigny’s ‘ Mollusques des Isles

Canaries ;’ it is the only species of Crassatella he found in that di-

strict.

17. CrassaTELuLA ziczac. Crass. testd subtrigond, depressd, lute-

old, epidermide tenui indutd ; radiis binis interruptis ab umbonibus

ad margines divergentibus, lineis roseis, flecuosis, ubique pictd ;

intus subrosaced ; latere antico breviculo, rotundato ; postico sub-

angulato ; lunuld utrinque radiis roseis vivide virgatd. Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 13.

Long. 1}; alt. 1 poll. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. ad insulam Corrigidor, Philippinarum.

This species was found by Mr. Cuming at the island of Corrigidor,

in coarse sand at six fathoms water ; he possesses it in several stages

of growth, all of which are covered with fine rose-coloured zigzag

lines.

18. CrassaTELLA TRIQUETRA. Crass. testd trigond, solidd, rosa-

ced, epidermide tenui indutd, transversim striata ; maculis roseis

irregularibus vivide pictd ; intis rosaced, versis marginem albi-

cante ; margine tenuiter crenulato ; lateribus subrectis, viz rotun-

datis ; lunula utrinque magna, radiis roseis vivide virgatd. Reeve,

Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 14.

Long. 4; alt. 8 poll. Mus. Stainforth, Cuming, &c.

Hab. ?

I am unfortunately ignorant of the locality of this pretty little

species ; it is of a warm rose-colour, radiately spotted with deep pink,

and is of a solid triangular form.

19. CRassaTELLA oRNATA. Crass. testa trigond, subdepressd, pal-

lidd, lineis spadiceis brevibus, longitudinalibus, varie pictd, trans-

versim striatd ; ints albdque brunned, margine tenuiter crenulato,

‘latere antico rotundato, postico fleruoso, angulato. Reeve, Conch.

Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 17.

Mesodesma ornata ? Gray.

Long. 12; alt. 7 poll. Mus. Stainforth.

Hab. r

A specimen of this shell, in the collection of Miss Saul, is the only

one we have seen at present. The above title has been decided upon

because there is an inaccurate figure of it in Griffith’s ‘ Cuvier’s

Animal Kingdom’ with the name of Mesodesma ornata; it is not ac-

companied with any description, but we believe it to be intended for

this shell.

March 8, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Various species of Reptiles, and some Fishes collected in the

Niger Expedition, by Dr. Stanger, and presented by that gentleman

to the Society, were exhibited.

Mr. Waterhouse called the attention of the Members to two new

species of Marsupial animals from South Australia, and forming part

of a collection presented to the Society by J. B. Harvey, Esq.; one

belonging to the genus Phascogale ; and the other, of which only an

imperfect skin had been procured, Mr. Waterhouse observed, was

evidently a new species of Perameles, nearly allied to the P. Lagotis

of Mr. Reid, but differed from that animal in having much smaller

ears, a less hairy tail, and in being of a brown colour above, pen-

cilled with white. ‘The fur is dense and very soft; on the upper

part of the body it is of a slate-grey colour next the skin; each hair

of the ordinary fur is brownish white towards the apex, and shaded

into deep brown at the point. The longer and less soft hairs are

very broadly annulated with white near the point, and black at the

the point. The fur on the under parts of the body is white—rather

impure; and next the skin it is tinted with palish grey. On the

side of the body and head a yellowish hue is observable. The ears

are of moderate size, rather broad, and well clothed with hairs; on

the inner side these are of a dirty white colour, slightly tinted with

yellowish, and so are those on the outer side, excepting towards the

margin, where they are of a brownish black hue. The tail is im-

perfect ; it must have been, however, longer than in any known

Perameles (excepting the P. Lagotis), the part attached to the skin

measuring eight and a half inches. It is well clothed with hairs,

which completely hide the skin, though they are rather short: on

the upper part they are of a rich brown colour, excepting towards

the apex, where they are longer and entirely white; on the under

side they are dirty white. The feet are unfortunately wanting. ‘The

length of the head and body is about sixteen inches, and the ear

measures about one inch in length.

Mr. Waterhouse gave to this animal the name of its discoverer, a

Corresponding Member of the Society, and one to whom the Society

is indebted for very many valuable collections. Its principal cha-

racters may be thus expressed :—

PeraMetes Harveyi. Per. pilis mollibus; corpore supra fusco

alboque irrorato, infra albo; caudd longd, supra fuscd, infra et

ad apicem sordide albd.

Hab. Port Adelaide.

Nos. CX. CXI. & CXJI.—Proceepines or tur Zoot. Soc.

The Phascogale presents the following characters :—

PuascogaLe aupires. Phase. pilis brevibus et permollibus ; corpore

supra nigro et flavescenti-irrorato, infra albo; pedibus albis ;

cauda longa supra fuscescente, infra fusco-albd,

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 3 9

ns ad basin auris .... 0 105

ae GUFISME TG Ree kc ee ae Oe Or Or?

re COUN go ww ce te mace cinse saws 3 2

tarsi digitorumque.........- Gen ey ae

Hab. Port Adelaide.

The fur in this little animal is shorter than in other species of

Phascogale hitherto described, and extremely soft; it is of a deep

slate-grey colour next the skin, but externally, on the upper parts of

the body, the colour is brownish, a tint produced by the admixture

of black and yellow, the hairs being annulated with the latter colour

near the point, and black at the point. The under parts of the body

are greyish white, each hair being deep grey and tipped with white.

The feet are white. The tail is furnished throughout with very

minute hairs. It approaches most nearly to the P. murina, but differs

in being rather larger, in general colouring, and especially in having

the tail of a dark colour, and not white, as in that species.

March 22, 1842.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, E. L. Moore,

Esq., dated Newfoundland, February 7, 1842, was read, and a young

Harp Seal (Phoca Grenlandica, Miller) presented by that gentleman

was exhibited.

The following paper, by Mr. Lovell Reeve, entitled ‘‘ Descriptions

of new species of Shells, principally from the collection of Hugh

Cuming, Esq.,” was then read.

Genus Bu.imus.

Buuimvus smaracpinus. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, nitidd, viridi,

apicem versus subpurpured ; fascia albd per anfractuum suturas

decurrente ; aperturd rotundato-ovali, peristomate albo, reflexo.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 173. fig. 6.

Had. ad insulam Mindanao, Philippinarum.

Long. 23 ; lat. 12 poll.

The whorls of this shell exhibit a pleasing gradation of colour ;

commencing at the apex in deep purple, it passes through pale yel-

low to a bright sea-green.

Genus HE rx.

Herx Vatroni. Hel. testd ovatd, depressd, anfractibus ventricosi-

usculis, ultimo superne productiore ; rubido-fuscd, radiis longi-

tudinalibus obsolete pictd ; epidermide tenui, peculiariter maculosd,

indutd; aperturd subquadrato-ovali, marginibus nigerrimis, dis-

junctis ; labro acutissimé reflero. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. i.

pl. 166. fig. 23.

Hab. ad insulam Ceylon,

Long. 24; lat. 13 poll.

I name this remarkable shell in honour of my friend William

Walton, Esq., a zealous and assiduous collector ; it is of a dark

ruddy brown colour, and has a very black polished lip; it is, how-

ever, especially characterized by its curiously speckled epidermis.

Genus SIPHONARIA.

SrpHonarta cuaracteristica. Siph. testa orbiculari, conicd,

extiis longitudinaliter costatd, costis irregularibus, interstitiis ni-

gricantibus, apicem versus valde decorticatis ; intis nigerrimo-

uscd, impressione musculari scabrd, profunde notatd ; impressione

siphonali characteristice imbutd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii.

pl. 138. fig. 3.

Hab, In sinu Panamensi.

Long. 24; lat. 14; alt. 1} poll.

This shell approaches very closely to the Stphonaria gigas of Sow-

erby ; we venture, however, after a close comparison between speci-

mens of each in different stages of growth, to pronounce it a distinct

species. It is of a more irregular form, and the separate impressions

~ of the muscle and the siphon are remarkably distinct.

Genus Parmopuorus.

Parmornorus corrucatus. Parm. testd elongato-quadratd, tenvi,

depressd, extis leviter corrugatd ; vertice obtuso, prope ad partem

posticam inclinato. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 189. fig. I>

Hab. ad insulam Madagascar.

Long. 14; lat. 2 poll.

Principally distinguished by the position of the vertex, which is

more posterior than in any other species; the wrinkled sculpturing

upon the outer surface is also a well-defined peculiarity.

PARMOPHORUS INTERMEDIUS. Parm. testd ovatd, elevatiusculd,

antice attenuatd ; extis radiis asperrimis, quasi serratis, ornatd ;

vertice prominulo, incurvo; margine crenulato. Reeve, Conch.

Syst., vol. ii. pl. 139. fig. 5 and 6.

Hab. ad insulam Bohol, Philippinarum.

Long. 2; lat. 3 poll.

This beautiful little shell, which may be considered as intermediate

in its generic characters between the Parmophori and the Emargi-

nule, is most elegantly radiated on the outer surface, and the only

species of this genus at present known that is serrated at the margin.

Genus EMARGINULA.

Emarcinuna conoipea. Enmarg. testd conoided, albicante, extis

striis numerosis creberrimé radiatd ; vertice centrali, acuto ; mar-

gine valde crenato, sinu marginali profunde inciso. Reeve,

Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 140. fig. 7.

Hab. ?

Long. 4; lat. 3; alt. $ poll.

A very characteristic shell, in the collection of William Walton,

Esq.

Genus CALYPTRAA.

CALYPTREA CINEREA. Cal. testd suborbiculari, extis a vertice ra-

diatd, radiis spinis parvis numerosis irregulariter ornatis ; intds

cinereo nitente, cyatho magno, albo, subpellucido, lateraliter flex-

uoso. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 144. fig. 4.

Hab. Cape Horn.

Diam. 12; alt. 1 poll.

An immense number of these shells, just brought to England, were

found attached to a single log of wood floating off Cape Horn. The

interior is lined with a very dark, ashy, highly polished enamel, but

the cup is of a pure transparent white, offering a remarkably rich

contrast of colour. The exterior of the shell is irregularly covered

with numerous small spines, becoming, as in most of the Calyptree,

obsolete with age.

April 12, 1842.

The Meeting was adjourned to April 26th.

April 26, 1842.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

The following ‘‘ Description of a new Dorsibranchiate Gasteropod,

discovered at Madeira,” by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, was read.

Class MOLLUSCA.

Ord. GasrERopopa.

Fam. Nupiprancura (Les Tritoniens, Lam.).

Gen. Prpuipra.

Char. Gen.—Corpus limaciforme, repens, oblongum; posticé com-

presso-triquetrum, dorso abrupté (ut in Scy//ed) cristatum s. alato-

carinatum ; apice attenuato, acuto. Caput anticé (ut in Thethye, L.)

veliferum ; velo semicirculari, margine fimbriato-lacero, ciliolato :

ore inter labia buccalia subtis, simplici. Tentacula (ut in Doride)

duo. Orificium generationis ad colli dextrum. Branchie diplo-

morph: s. in medio dorsi (ut in Doride) circa anum stellatim

ramose, arbusculiformes, ramis pectinato-ciliatis; et per latera

utrinque (ut in Tritonia Thethyeve) longitudinaliter biseriate,

conico-papilliformes ; papillis apice subdivisis, ciliatis.

Obs. Corpus totum glabrum, leve, subpellucidum. Oculi nulli.

Spec. Peplidia Madere, nob.

Hab. in mari Maderensi-atlantico, inter rupes littorales in aquis

zestu relictis; rariss. {

A single example of this beautiful and extremely interesting mol-

lusk was discovered on the 24th of April, 1841, by Dr. Lister, in a

pool left by the tide amongst a reef of rocks called the Gorgulho,

situate a little to the west of Funchal. It presents a combination of

generic characters, by which, if it approximates in each apart by turns

to Doris, Thethys, Tritonia, and Scyllea, it differs notably from all.

The large dorsal star-like tuft of branchie, and the tentacles, resem-

ble those of Doris; but it differs totally in other characters : the veil

.before the head, though smaller and differently fringed, together

with the rows of branchiferous papilla down the back or sides, bring-

ing it somewhat nearer Thethys, from which it is essentially distin-

guished, as it is also from Trifonia and Scyllea, by its Doridian

No. CXI.—Procerrpines oF tHE Zoou. Soc.

character of the ano-dorsal five-branched rose or star of branchie.

And if agreeing with the last of these two genera in the carinate or

crested tail, it is at once distinguished by the presence of the frontal

veil.

The whole upper surface of the animal, which is from one inch

and a half to two inches and a half long, about one-third of an inch

broad and half an inch high, is of a pale dull red, mottled or freckled

with brighter orange-red and yellow, and thickly speckled all over

with dark chestnut-brown spots and dots, which are larger and sub-

confluent in two sublateral darker lines or rows, meeting behind the

branchial star upon the back, and smaller on the sides and veil. The

tentacles above, and the foot alone beneath are immaculate, the latter

being pale pellucid flesh-colour, with the extreme edges yellow.

The edges of the veil, and the tips of the dorsal or sublateral

branchiferous papille are fimbriato-ciliate. Of the latter, there are

two rows on each side: the lower consisting each of six small and

inconspicuous or obsolete papille; the upper, each of three much

larger and more elongate or subcylindric bodies, placed at equal di-

stances from one another, two in advance, and the third a little behind

the ano-dorsal rose. The head or apex of each of this third or last

pair forks into two parts, one of which is subdivided or ciliferous,

like the other pairs; the other branch of the fork is simple and cla-

vate, ending abruptly in a dark red sort of knob or button. The

orifice of generation is on the right side of the neck, beneath the

first of the upper row of branchiferous papille. During the animal’s

life it appeared simple, but on contraction after death it was found

to be composed of two apertures close together ; the male organ be-

ing exserted from the anterior.

The ano-dorsal branchial tuft or star is very large, and placed at

the top of a strong hump or protuberance; the vent being in its

centre, as in Doris. It appears, in general, equally five-rayed ; but

assumes occasionally, as it also does sometimes in Doris, the appear-

ance of being composed of two bifurcated lateral, and a simple ante-

rior branch or ray. Its divisions are regularly and beautifully pec-

tinate. The caudal fin-like crest begins a little behind it; and its

edge is crisped or irregularly notched and plicate, and even obsoletely

ciliate here and there, or fimbriate. In swimming, this crest is stiffly

expanded into a broad fin, ending abruptly behind, as in Cuvier’s

fig. 4. of Scyllea pelagica (Mém. des Moll.), but with the edge even

or entire.

In a glass of sea-water, in which this animal lived more than six

weeks, it had the usual habits of a Doris, but these with more acti-

vity : swimming about violently when disturbed or when provided

with a fresh supply of water, in which operation the hind part of the

body, with the crested fin-like tail, is lashed from side to side with a

strong and regular sculling motion ; the fore-part, with the head or

veil expanded also to its full dimensions, being at the same time beat

with equal force and regularity in a contrary direction, or obliquely

upwards and downwards, stroke for stroke ; these parts (the veil and

crest) performing thus alike the office of true fins. At night, espe-

cially when thus in motion, it appeared most brilliantly phosphores-

cent; the light flashing progressively but very rapidly along the

body, especially from all the branchial tufts and the edges of the

veil and crest. At other times it remained quiescently adhering to

the sides of the glass, or moving slowly up and down as if in search

of food; seeming to use the veil as a feeler, but with the tentacles

reflexed. Sometimes it crawled in the usual inverted posture along

the surface of the water. It is by no means a shy or timid animal.

After five or six days, it deposited in the night-time a pale orange-

coloured long and narrow riband of eggs, resembling a tape-worm,

and loosely coiled up spirally on the side of the glass, to which it

was partially attached by one edge. ‘This egg-band was about three

inches and a half long and two lines broad, narrowing a little to-

wards one end. On two subsequent occasions, at intervals of ten

days or a fortnight, it again deposited two similar but smaller bands ;

after which, though apparently remaining in full vigour, it retained

not more than two-thirds of its former bulk.

Its mode of swimming perfectly resembles that of the larva of the

gnat so common in our English cisterns of rain- water.

The next paper read was from W. J. Broderip, Esq. In this

paper the author proceeds with his descriptions of Shells brought to

this country by H. Cuming, Esq.

In the second volume-of the ‘ Zoological Journal’ will be found my

notice of the Voluta aulica of Solander, a shell which formed one of

the principal ornaments of the Portland Museum, of that of M. de

Calonne (in the catalogues of which it is noted as unique), of the

Tankerville collection (in the catalogue of which Mr. Sowerby

speaks of it as ‘“‘ an extremely scarce and fine shell; the only speci-

men we have seen’’), and of my own cabinet, which is now in the

British Museum.

Mr. Cuming has laid before me some Volutes which he brought

from the Philippine Islands, and which, after a careful examination,

I think must be referred to this scarce species. Not one of them,

however, is identical with the variety in the British Museum (var. a.),

which is still, as far as I know, unique.

Voluta aulica.

Var. a. Without nodules or bands, spotted with large red flakes :

Mus. Brit. Figured in the Tankerville catalogue (G. B. Sowerby).

Var. 6. Flesh-colour, subnodulous, girt with two broad rich red

bands mottled with white; spire mottled with red and white, apex

coral-red. Length nearly 4 inches, breadth 1$.

_ Var. c. Flesh-colour, nodulous, lineated longitudinally with close-

set, red, somewhat undulated lines, mottled here and there with white,

girt by two interrupted rich red bands; spire mottled with red and

white, apex coral-red. Length 45, breadth 23th inches.

Var. d. Nodulous, whitish, lineated with very close-set, delicate,

pale yellowish’ undulated lines ; body whorl girt with two broad yel-

Jowish red bands mottled finely with the ground-colour. The upper

band is bordered above with a row of rich dark brown spots approach-

ing closely to black, each spot being placed upon a nodule : the lower

edge of this band is serrated as it were, and each of the teeth is

marked with a spot immediately under the upper spots, but more

dashed and somewhat less intense. The upper edge of the lower

band is marked in a similar manner, but the spots are less defined.

Above the shoulder of the body whorl is a band of similar colour,

with its lower edge dashed with markings of the same colour as those

which ornament the other bands, and at similar intervals. Two simi-

larly coloured spots appear below the third and fourth nodule of the

spire just above the suture of the body whorl, which suture almost

hides one below the second of those nodules, counting from the edge

of the lip. Upper part of the spiral whorls coloured after the same

pattern, and brought out by the pale ground-colour of the lower

part. Apex yellowish red. Length 34 inches, breadth 14.

This description will convey a very faint notion of one of the most

beautiful shells I ever saw.

Var. e. Sharply nedulous. Duil red, blotched with flesh-colour ;

a faint band, palest in the middle at intervals, girds the body whorl

below the middle. ‘The tips of the nodules are of the same colour as

the blotches. Length 4} inches, breadth 23.

Var. f. Very sharply nodulous, the muricated nodules becoming

high ridges extending almost half-way down the body whorl. Dull

coral-red, with here and there a dash of whitish between the nodules.

A very faint band may be traced below the middle of the body whorl,

and on its darker upper and lower borders a few white spots appear

at intervals as they approach the lip. Length 4ths, breadth 24th

inches.

Var. g. Bluntly but highly nodulous on the back, the nodules on

the lower side rather sharper. Whitish, lineated longitudinally with

close-set undulated livid lines blotched with clouds and dashes of

livid red. A broad pale band girds the body whorl below the middles

Apex reddish white. Length 53; breadth 3 inches.

All these varieties, with the exception of var. a, are in the museum

of Mr. Cuming.

Conus Vicror. Con. testd subcylindraceo-conicd, flavd, maculis

albis inspersd, fasciis 2 moniliformibus latis, nigro-brunneis vel

brunneo-castaneis, latis concinne ornatd ; spire mediocris, pyra-

midalis, anfractibus excavatis longitudinaliter striatis, subcancel-

latis, apice subacuto.

Long. 14; lat. poll.

Mus. Cuming, Harford.

Hab. ?

This brilliant Cone strikes the eye at once. ‘The bright star-like

spots with which the dark necklace-bands are interrupted and re-

lieved, and the yellow ground-colour which takes the form of three

alternating bands, render it attractive, and the more minutely it is

examined the more it gains on the attention. The necklaces form-

ing the moniliform bands, when looked at with a lens, present the

appearance of some of the flattened platted chains executed in gold

and silver, and the shell altogether is a choice piece of workmanship.

The species to which Conus Victor bears most resemblance are

Coni nobilis and Ammiralis ; but it comes much nearer to the last in

shape and general character, differing, however, from it in the deeper

excavation and sculpture of the spire, to say nothing of the discre-

pancy in the arrangement of the colouring, which in the only two

specimens that I have seen is identical. Of these, the richest in

colour is in the fine collection of Mr. Cuming, and the younger, but

very perfect specimen, in the choice cabinet of the Rev. A. Harford.

A paper by Mr. Lovell Reeve, entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of four new

species of Achatina, a genus of Pulmobranchiate mollusks of the

family Colimacea,” was then read.

Acuatina tactEa. Ach. testd oblongo-ovatd, solidd, intis ex-

tiisque quasi fossili, lacted, epidermide levidensi sparsim indutd ;

spird regulari, anfractibus longitudinaliter striatis, lineisque mi-

nutis circumdatis ; aperturd suboblongd, labro solidiusculo.

Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. 11. pl. 177. fig. 6.

Long. 4,1, ; lat. 251; poll. Mus. Cuming, Stainforth.

Hab. Zanzibar.

This beautiful shell, which is in a perfectly live state, and covered

with a slight scattered epidermis, is of a rich uniform cream-colour,

without the least indication of any pattern; the whorls are very

fully striated longitudinally, the strie rather irregularly following

the growth of the shell; and they are again characterized by having

a number of fine lines running around the upper half of them in an

opposite direction. The columella, the aperture, indeed the entire

shell, both inside and out, is of rich cream-colour, and by this alone

it cannot fail to be recognised.

AcuaTina Tincta. Ach. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenuiculd, albicante,

maculis grandibus longitudinalibus vivide tinctd, epidermide flavidd

indutd ; spird parim elatd, apice obtuso, rosaceo ; aperturd ob-

longd, albd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 179. fig. 18.

Long. 3,3,; lat. 14 poll. Mus. Cuming, Stainforth.

Hab. ? probably some part of Africa. :

The Achatina tincta has a white shell covered with a yellowish

epidermis, and it is singularly stained in a longitudinal direction

with a deep morone colour. The stains take almost the form of

bands in some places, but exhibit no degree of regularity.

ACHATINA KRAwNSsII. Ach. testd ovatd, vir ventricosd, rufo-

castaned, epidermide durd, nitente, indutd ; anfractibus, ultimo

excipiente, longitudinaliter strigatis, strigis albis, nunc rectis,

nune sinuosis, distantibus, de suturis, longitudine variabili, por-

rectis ; spird breviusculd, apice obtuso ; aperturd ovatd, albd,

Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 179. fig. 19.

Long. 2%; lat. 14 poll. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. Cape Natal, coast of Africa.

I have named this species, at the request of Mr. Cuming, in

honour of Dr. Krans who presented it to him on his arrival from

Cape Natal, where he had formed a very interesting collection of

shells. It is of a dark chestnut colour, and the last and penultimate

whorls are marked with small zigzag stripes running from the sutures

about half-way down them ; they are distant and somewhat irregular.

Acuatina prota. Ach. testd ovato-conicd, levi, luted, maculis, quasi

Sasciis, viridibus, conspersim ornatd; anfractibus planiusculis,

suturis maculis castanets, transversis, vivide pictis ; spird subelatd,

apice minuto, rosaceo ; aperturd orbiculari, flavidd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 178. fig. 10.

Long. 13; lat. 3 poll. Mus. Stainforth.

Hab. ad insulam Cuba, Indiarum Occidentalium. .

This elegantly painted shell is allied to the Achatina fasciata

in form, though it is certainly of lighter texture. The ground-colour

is a bright yellow ; there are a few bright green bands crossing the

whorls at intervals ; and the sutures of the whorls are ornamented

throughout with a banded row of stained chestnut-coloured spots,

for the most part touching each other. I only know of one speci-

men, and it exhibits as distinct an assemblage of characters as can

well be imagined.

May 10, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Gould exhibited and pointed out the characters of two new

species of Kangaroo. The first of these belongs to the section to

which Mr. Gray gave the name Petrogale, as was described under

the name <

PerroGaLe conctnna. Pet. corpore supra rufescente fusco alboque

irrorato, ad latera flavescente, subtis albo ; caudé dimidio apicali

pilis longis vestitd, his flavescenti-albis ad apicem nigris ; pedibus

pallide fuscis, pilis sordide albis crebré interspersis ; auribus me-

diocribus ad apicem paulo attenuatis.

une. lin

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caudz basin.... 14 0

COT eI is Be 68 Ned fig ot A ar tapietr yl: O

tarsi digitorumque.......++.+++- ap,

SENDTALLS EO OPN een ole Ar eee Lane:

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 2 11

Hab. North-west coast of Australia.

This species of Petrogale is remarkable for its small size, the gene-

ral pale colouring and the bright rusty tint of the upper parts of the

body ; these parts are freely pencilled with whitish and with brown ;

the sides of the neck and body are of a delicate yellowish hue, or

might be described as very pale rust, and this is the prevailing hue

of the head, which is nearly of a uniform tint; but is white, or

nearly so, on the sides of the muzzle at the tip, and there is a trace

of the usual white mark on the cheeks; above the eye is a spot of a

pale rust-colour, and an indistinct brownish mark running towards

the nostrils from the front of the eye; the ears are clothed within

with white hair; externally they are of the same palish rusty yellow-

ish hue as the upper surface of the head ; the chin, throat and whole

under parts are white, with a faint yellowish rusty tint ; the outer side

of the hinder legs is of a brighter tint than the sides of the body, but

less red than the back; the feet are of a very pale brownish colour,

freely pencilled with dirty white; a small space at the. base of

the tail is covered with fur of the same texture and colour as that

of the body; beyond this the hairs of the tail are harsh, at first

about half an inch or rather more in length, but becoming gradually

longer towards the apex, where they are more than an inch long;

these hairs are of a yellowish white colour, but the apical third of

each hair is black. This species was brought to England by Lieut:

Emery, of H.M.S. Beagle, and is now in the British Museum.

The second species belongs to the section or genus Halmaturus,

and received from Mr. Gould the specific name Binoé, in honour of

No, CXII.—Procrepines or THE Zoot. Soc,

Benjamin Byunoe, Esq., to whom science is indebted for the discovery

of many new and interesting objects in zoology. It is nearly allied

to Halim. agilis, but in size is about equal to Halm. Thetis. ‘The fur

is harsh and adpressed, and for the most part of a very pale brownish

yellow tint; the back, however, is freely pencilled with black, the

longer hairs having the exposed portion of this colour; a slight

brownish grey hue is observable next the skin in the hairs of the back,

but they are nearly uniform throughout their length, if we except a

small black point to the shorter hairs, and the exposed black portion

of the longer hairs ; the sides of the body and the limbs are of a paler

hue, and are not pencilled with black; the abdomen may be de-

scribed as of a dirty yellowish white colour; the tail is very nearly

uniform in tint with the body, but a small portion at the apex is

covered with brownish black hairs; the upper surface of the head

is slightly tinted with brownish, and a mark of this colour runs from

the eye to the tip of the snout on either side; adjoining this mark

below is a pale mark; the ears have yellowish white hairs on the

inner side, and rusty yellow hairs on the outer side; but along the

anterior margin, and at the tip externally, the ears are black. The

principal characters may be thus expressed :—

Hatmaturvus Binok. Halm. corpore pallideé fuscescenti-flavo, supra

nigro penicillato, subtis dilutiore ; caudd ad apicem fuscescenti-

nigra; auribus externe ad apicem, margineque anticé, nigris.

unc. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caudz basin.... 21 0

ad basin auris .... 4 6

— COULD kay hota tetuicyols (ec erraets iipis ei 20 O

— tarsi digitorumque........+..+-- ee

CUT BRIE cli Saad «fares op outyrigie Teale 2 3

Hab. Port Essington.

The following paper, by Mr. Lovell Reeve, entitled ‘‘ Monograph

of the genus Tornatella, a small group of Pectinibranchiate Mollusks

of the family Plicacea, including descriptions of seven new species,

from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.,” was then read.

TornatTELua, Lamarck.

Testa ovalis, cylindracea, plerumque transversim striata, rar0 leevis-

sima, spira brevi, apice acuto; apertura longitudinali, superné

angustata, inferne integra, rotundata; columella incrassata, valdé

plicata ; labro simplici, solido, acuto. Molluscum marinum, pecti-

nibranchiatum, operculo corneo, minuto, instructum.

The very wide range of characters which were selected by Linnzeus

for the determination of genera induced many inaccuracies in his

method of classification which might certainly have been avoided, if,

instead of generalizing upon the external variations of the shell, he

had pursued a more searching inquiry, like his contemporaries

Adanson and Forskael, into the nature of its animal inhabitant.

His genus Voluta, for example, founded upon the character of the

columella being obliquely plaited, included both phytophagous and

zoophagous mollusks, animals both with and without proboscis, and

respiratory siphon. The presence or absence of these organs, distin-

guishing the plant-eating from the flesh-eating mollusks, is however

still indicated to a certain extent in the shell, by the basal forma-

tion of the aperture ; and Bruguiére, the conchologist of the ‘ Ency-

clopédie Méthodique,’ appears to have sagaciously detected the

difference between the shells of the true Volute and those which

were subsequently selected by Lamarck for the formation of this

genus ; the base of the aperture being sinuated or canaliculated in

the one, and entire in the other. But the alteration proposed by

Bruguiére was little or no improvement upon the arrangement of

Linneus ; for in removing the Tornatel/e to his genus Bulimus, they

became associated with a miscellaneous assemblage of mollusks, dif-

fering most essentially both in their organization and habits. They

were then distinguished by Lamarck by the above generic title;

whilst De Blainville included them, together with some air-breathing

mollusks, in a new genus under the name of Pedipes. The arrange-

ment followed by the learned author of the ‘ Manuel de Malacologie’

was thus scarcely better than that of his predecessor Bruguiére ; he,

however, cautiously abandoned it, when the propriety of Lamarck’s

distribution of the Tornatelle was subsequently confirmed by Gray

in the discovery of their being operculated.

Of the following thirteen species referred to this genus, seven are

entirely new ; five were collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philip-

pine Islands, one by Dr. Riippell on the shores of the Red Sea, and

one by Dr. Siebald on the coast of Japan.

1. TorRNATELLA FLAMMEA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi.

part 2. p. 219; Lister, Synop. Conch., pl. 814. f. 24; Sowerby,

Genera of Shells, No. 24. f. 1; Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles,

pl. 1. f. 1. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 4.

Auricula flammis lateritiis, Martini.

Voluta flammea, Gmelin.

Bulimus variegatus, Bruguiére.

Hab. ad insulam Java.

This shell, which is distinctly figured both by Lister and Martini,

is marked with a number of flesh-coloured stripes, running in a lon-

gitudinal direction from the spire.

Var. a. Strigis rubris in maculis semilunaribus aperté divisis.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 6.

Hab. ad insulam Ticao, Philippinarum.

A beautiful variety, in which the longitudinal flesh-coloured stripes

are divided into distinct patches, of the form of a crescent. Found

by Mr. Cuming at the island of Ticao, in sandy mud at seven

fathoms’ depth.

Var. 3. Testa minore, maculis semilunaribus frequentioribus, indi-

stinctis.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 1.

Hab. ad insulam Corrigidor, Philippinarum.

60 .

This variety is constantly smaller and of deeper colour; the cres-

cent-shaped spots are thicker, and run so indistinctly the one into

the other as often to be completely clouded over.

2. ToRNATELLA soLtipuLA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi.

part 2. p. 220; Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 149. f. 1405; Kiener,

Iconographie des Coquilles, pl. 1. f.2. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii.

pl. 206. f. 7.

Voluta solidula, Linneus.

Bulimus solidulus, Bruguiére.

Hab. ad insulas Philippinarum, &c.

Several varieties of this shell, varying in colour from a bluish grey

to a reddish brown, were found by Mr. Cuming amongst the Philip-

pine Islands, in sandy mud at different depths, from 7 to 25 fathoms;

they are, however, by no means confined to this locality.

3. TornaTELLA coccinaTa. Torn. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, trans-

versim striatd, alba, maculis coccineis minutis profuse ornatéd ;

epidermide luted, leviter indutd; spird depresso-conicd, suturis

profundis, apice precipue exserto, acutissimo ; columella biplicatd,

plica maxima bilobd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 10.

Hab. ad insulam Mindanao, Philippinarum.

This beautiful shell is very distinct from any variety of the pre-

ceding ; the spire, which is remarkably sharp-pointed at the apex, is

somewhat depressed and rounded ; and the shell altogether is covered

with a number of small bright scarlet spots. It was found by Mr.

Cuming at the island of Mindanao in sandy mud at the depth of

twenty-five fathoms.

4, TorwaTELLA GLABRA. Torn. testé ovatd, transversim striatd,

albd, nitidiusculd, maculis leucopheis varie denigratd ; spird sube-

latd, apice acuto ; columelld biplicatd, plicd maxima via biloba.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 12.

Hab. ad insulam Negros, Philippinarum.

Mr. Cuming collected several of this species at the island of Ne-

gros. ‘The shell is by no means a new one, but it has been hitherto

confounded with the Tornatella solidula, probably in consequence of

its resemblance in colour. It differs in form, and besides being more

highly polished, is stamped with a certain peculiarity of character by

which it cannot fail to be recognised.

5. ToRNATELLA TESSELLATA. Torn. testd oblongo-ovatd, albd,

transversim striatd, striis plus minusve approvimatis, interstitiis

maculis helvinis tessellatis ; spird elatd, apice precipue acuto ; co-

lumelld biplicatd, plicé maxima pariim bilobd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 3.

Hab. In sinum Persicum.

This elegant little shell was found by Dr. Riippell at the Red Sea,

on the sands at low water. It is finely striated in a transverse di-

rection, and the interstices are neatly tessellated with numerous pale

flesh-coloured square spots.

6. TorNATELLA FascraTa. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi.

part 2. p. 220; Martini, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 43. f.442 and 443; En-

cyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 452. f. 3. a, 6; Kiener, Iconographie des

Coquilles, pl. 1. f. 3; Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 11.

Voluta tornatilis, Linneus.

Auricula bifasciata, Martini.

Bulimus tornatilis, Bruguiére.

Hab. ad oras Devoniz, Insule Britannice.

Several of this well-known species have been recently dredged up

from sandy mud at the depth of five fathoms, off the coast of Devon-

shire.

7. ToRNATELLA SIEBALDII. Torn. testd ovato-conicd, transversim

striata, rubicunduld, irregulariter dibauphd, spira elatd, suturis al-

bis, apice acuto ; columelld uniplicatd, aperturd ovatd, labro tenui,

acuto.

Hab. ad oras Japoniz.

This shell, which was brought by Dr. Siebald from Japan, is ir-

regularly stained with a ruddy brown, exhibiting the appearance of

having been dyed in two distinct colours; the sutures of the spire

are perfectly white, and so is also the columella.

8. TornaTELLA BULLATA. Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles,

pl. 1. f. 4; Lister, Synops. Conch., pl. 714.

Hab. Indian Seas.

A small cylindrical buila-shaped shell, which we have not included

in this monograph without considerable hesitation.

9. ToRNATELLA NITIDULA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi.

part 2. p. 221; Encyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 452. f. 2. a, b; Sow-

erby, Genera of Shells, No. 24. f. 2; Kiener, Iconographie des Co-

quilles, pl. 1. f. 5; Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 5.

Hab. ad insulam Bohol, Philippinarum, &c:

Some specimens of this shell, found by Mr. Cuming at the island

of Bohol, in sandy mud at eleven fathoms’ depth, are smaller and

more cylindrical than those hitherto known.

10. TOoRNATELLA vircaTa. Torn. testa rotundato-ovatd, subcylin-

draced, alba, transversim belle striatd, longitudinaliter strigis la-

tis, nigerrimis, sinuosis, subdistantibus, vivide ornatd ; spird brevi,

suturis distinctis, apice subobtuso ; columelld uniplicatd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 8 and 9.

Hab. ad insulam Masbate, Philippinarum.

This is a beautiful shell, and very distinct from any other species ;

it is of a pure transparent white, ornamented with a regular series

of broad dark black stripes running down from the spire. Found

by Mr. Cuming at the island of Masbate, in sandy mud at the depth

of seven fathoms.

11. TornateLia venusta. D’Orbigny, Voyage dans l’Amérique

Méridionale, Mollusques, p. 399. pl. 56. f. 4 to 6.

Hab. ad Peruviam, propé ad Paytam.

A small fusiform shell, highly deserving of the title by which

D’Orbigny has distinguished it.

12. TornaTeLLa inscutpTa. Torn. testd parvd, ovatd, sulcis

parallelis numerosis transverse insculptd ; spird indistinctd, apice

acuto ; maculis subaquilis ubique pictd ; columelld biplicatd, plicad

maxima precipue bilobd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 2.

Hab. ad insulam Masbate, Philippinarum.

It is to be regretted that Mr. Cuming did not succeed in obtain-

ing live specimens of this very characteristic shell, of which he found

two only, lying dead upon the sands at the island of Masbate. ‘The

spire is rather prominent, but still so indistinct as scarcely to exhibit

the volution of the whorls; the shell is then neatly sculptured from

the apex to the base with transverse lines running exactly parallel

with each other, and the whole surface is painted with light brown

spots.

13. TornareLya Oryza. Torn. testd minutd, oblongo-ovatd, ebur-

ned, nitidd, transversim sulcatd, sulcis plus minusve approximatis ;

spird regulari, apice subacuto ; columelld uniplicatd ; aperturd

ovatd, superne attenuatd ; labro simplici, solido, acuto.

Hab. ad insulam Cabbalonga, Philippinarum.

A small species, unlike any hitherto described; it is perfectly

white (a fine ivory white), and deeply sulcated from top to bottom.

In concluding this monograph, it may be as well to state that the

Tornatelle auricula and pedipes of Lamarck should be referred to the

genus Auricula. The Tornatelle are strictly marine, dwelling in

several fathoms’ water; whilst the species just alluded to are inland,

and amphibious, inhabiting swamps and marshy places.

May 24, 1842.

The Meeting was adjourned to June 14th.

June 14, 1842.

Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following paper, by George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., entitled

“‘ Observations on the Muscular Fibres of the Gisophagus and Heart

in some of the Vertebrate Animals,’’ was read.

The present communication is a continuation of the observations

on the muscular fibres of the cesophagus and heart published in the

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, September 10, 1839, p. 124.

21. Pipistrelle (Vespertilio Pipistrellus, Gmel.).—The streaked

muscular fibre was found on the whole length of the gullet, except-

ing the 1-16th of an inch of its cardiac end.

22. Hedgehog (Hrinaceus Europeus, Linn.).—In this animal the

striated or voluntary muscular fascicles form the sheath of the gullet

to its termination in the stomach.

23. Mole (Talpa Europea, Linn.).—Muscular sheath of the gul-

let the same as in the hedgehog.

24. Shrew (Sorex tetragonurus, Herm.).—The muscular sheath

of the gullet the same as in the two preceding species.

25. Black Bear (Ursus Americanus, Pall.).—The muscular fibre

of animal life formed a very thick and red sheath to the entire length

of the gullet, and even extended in bands for an inch on the cardiac

end of the stomach.

26. Wolf (Canis Lupus, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal

life invested the whole length of the gullet, and extended scantily,

for about two-thirds of an inch, on the cardiac end of the stomach.

27. African Civet Cat (Viverra Civetta, Linn.).—Two inches

from the stomach the sheath of the gullet was composed chiefly of

the muscular fibre of organic life mixed with a few of the muscular

fibres of animal life; and within an inch and three-quarters from

the stomach none of the latter fibres could be found on the gullet.

Mr. Siddall examined the gullet of another civet cat with the same

result.

28. Lion (Felis Leo, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal life

could not be traced on the gullet further than four inches and a half

from its ending in the stomach. Nearer to the cardiac orifice, espe-

cially about two inches therefrom, the esophageal sheath was made

up of bands containing corpuscles as in the horse*. Seven inches

from the stomach the sheath of the gullet was composed of the mus-

cular fibres of animal and organic life in nearly equal proportions.

29. Puma (Felis concolor, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal

life, mixed with a greater proportion of the muscular fibre of organic

* See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, pp. 127 and 129; in which, p. 127, line 17,

for gullet read filaments.

No. CXIII.—Procersevines or tue Zoon. Soc.

life, composed the cesophageal sheath about three inches from the

stomach, where the gullet had been divided, and no opportunity was

afforded of examining its last portion.

30. Chetah (Felis jubata, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal

life was abundant on the gullet ten inches from the stomach, and

extended more scantily three inches nearer to it. On the last six

inches of the cardiac end of the gullet no muscular fibre of animal

life could be found.

31. Weasel (Mustela vulgaris, Linn.). 32. Stoat (M. erminea,

Linn.). 33. Polecat (M. Putorius, Linn.).—In these animals the

muscular fibre of animal life was traced on the gullet to its termina-

tion in the stomach.

34, Seal (Phoca vitulina, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal

life extended along the whole gullet, excepting about an inch of its

cardiac end.

35. Porpoise (Delphinus Phocena, Briss.).—In a young one

weighing ten pounds, and said to have been extruded from the mo-

ther after her capture, June 13, 1842, the muscular fibre of animal

life could be traced on the gullet no further than four inches from

its stomachic end.

36. Paco (Auchenia Paco, Desm.).—The muscular fibre of ani-

mal life was detected on the gullet to its termination ; an inch and

a quarter from the stomach the muscular fibre of organic life was

abundant on the gullet; and the muscular fibre of animal life only

was found in the cesophageal sheath two inches from the stomach.

The tissue under the mucous membrane around the water-cells re-

sembled that of the middle coat of the stomach elsewhere, being

quite destitute of anything like the muscular fibre of animal life.

37. Dromedary (Camelus Dromedarius, Linn.).—Muscular sheath

of the gullet the same as in the Paco.

38. Wapiti Deer (Cervus Wapiti, Mitchell).—The muscular fibre

of animal life invested the gullet to its termination.

39. Cervine (Antilope Bubalis, Pallas).—The cesophageal sheath

was formed throughout of the muscular fibre of animal life, which

extended for an inch on the stomach.

40. Palm Squirrel (Sciwrus Palmarum, Briss.). 41. Common

Squirrel (S. vulgaris, Linn.). 42. Golden Agouti (Dasyprocta au-

rata, F.Cuv.). 43. Water Rat (Arvicola amphibia, Desm.).—In these

animals the muscular fibre of animal life completely invested the

gullet, being abundant on its cardiac extremity.

44, Kangaroo (Macropus Bennettii, Waterhouse).—The muscular

fibre of animal life was plentiful on the upper part of the gullet, and

terminated between three and four inches from the stomach.

45. Squirrel Flying Opossum (Petaurus sciureus, Geoff.).—An

inch and a quarter of the stomachic end of the gullet was without

the muscular fibre of animal life, which was pretty abundant an inch

further from the stomach.

I have ventured to apply the term voluntary to the striated

muscular fascicles—extending along the entire length of the gullet,

and even on the commencement of the cardiac extremity of the sto-

mach in several animals, along more or less only of the tube in man

and some other mammals, and wholly absent from it in many of the

lower Vertebrata—because this fibre has all the anatomical charac-

ters of the muscular fibre of animal life, which no completely in-

voluntary muscle has hitherto been found to possess*. If we are

to judge of the office of the fibre in question from its structure, it

must be concluded that in many Vertebrata the whole length of the

gullet is capable of voluntary motion, in some the lower or poste-

rior portion is not obedient to the will, while in others the motions

of the entire gullet must be quite involuntary.

That the muscular coat of the gullet should differ in animals of

different orders will not appear surprising ; but it was hardly to be

supposed that a difference in the cesophageal sheath would be found

in some genera of the same order. Yet such is the fact in the Fere ;

and it is probable that further research into the anatomy of this

order will disclose more differences in their minute structure, espe-

cially as my observations on the blood have shown that there is a

remarkable diversity in the size of the blood-corpuscles or red par-

ticles of some of the subdivisions of the Carnivora.

Perhaps the extent of the muscular coat of the gullet may vary

in the same subject at different periods of life. In young and middle-

aged mares and geldings some of the muscular fibre of animal life’

may be generally traced on the gullet four or five inches from the

stomach ; but in a gelding twenty-five years old this fibre could not

be found on the last ten inches of the gullet ; and in an aged rabbit

I found the striated muscular fascicles but sparingly on the last inch

of the gullet, although in this animal generally they are most abun-

dant in this situation.

A summary of my inquiry concerning the extent of the voluntary

muscular fibre on the gullet is subjoined. Some of the results

may be modified by more facts, which are yet required to furnish

a satisfactory view of the subject. I have had no opportunity of

becoming acquainted with the researches of M. Ficinus and M. Va-

lentin, referred to by Dr. Baly in his translation of Professor Miil-

ler’s ‘ Physiology,’ vol. ii. p. 851.

QuaDRUMANA.

In this order, as in the human subject, the muscular fibre of

animal life does not invest the lowest portion of the gullet.

CHEIROPTERA.

In the pipistrelle, the sheath of the gullet, excepting 1-16th of

an inch at the stumachic end, was formed of the muscular fibre of

animal life.

FER.

Insectivora.—In the three British genera the muscular fibre of

animal life covers the whole length of the gullet.

* See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 128.

+ Ibid. Nov. 24, 1840, and May 25 and June 8, 1841 ; and Appendix to

Gerber’s General Anatomy, p. 6-7.

Canide.—The muscular fibre of animal life extends to the sto-

machic end of the gullet. In the silvery fox none of this fibre could

indeed be detected on the terminal third of an inch of the gullet,

which should be examined again in another individual.

Viverride.—In the African civet cat the striated muscular fasci-

cles do not cover the last portion of the gullet.

Felide.—The stomachic end of the gullet is not clothed with the

muscular fibre of animal life; but in the caracal a few irregular

fibres were observed on the cardiac end of the gullet, perhaps be-

longing to the muscular fibre of animal life, although they were quite

destitute either of transverse or longitudinal streaks.

Mustelide.—In the otter the muscular fibre of animal life covers

the gullet, excepting about half an inch of its stomachic extremity ;

in three species of Mustela this fibre invests the whole gullet.

Phocide.—In the seal no muscular fibre of animal life was found

on the gullet within an inch of the stomach.

Urside.—In the genus Nasua, and in the sloth-bear and Ame-

rican bear, the gullet is throughout clothed with the muscular fibre

of animal life, which in the latter animals is very thick and red on

the last portion of the gullet, and extends on the cardiac extremity

of the stomach.

CETACEA.

In a porpoise no muscular fibre of animal life could be found on

four inches of the stomachic end of the gullet, although this fibre was

abundant on the rest of the thoracic portion of the gullet.

RuMINANTIA.

The voluntary muscular fibre runs along the entire length of the

gullet, and sometimes to a short distance on the cardiac extremity

of the stomach. The striated muscular fibre on the last portion

of the gullet is often mixed with a much greater proportion of the

muscular fibre of organic life.

RopENTIA.

The whole length of the gullet is clothed with the muscular

fibre of animal life.

MarsuPIALiA.

In the kangaroo and the squirrel-flying opossum no muscular

fibre of animal life was found on the stomachic end of the gullet.

Birps, Reprints, AND FIsHEs.

I have carefully searched for the striated muscular fascicles in

the gullet of the birds and reptiles mentioned in the table, but in

vain. In Birds the fibre of the superficial coat of the gullet is often

disposed transversely, in which respect it may be seen with the

naked eye to differ from the cesophageal muscular sheath of mam-

mals. Ina few fishes the striated muscular fascicles invested the

entire length of the gullet, and-extended some distance on the sto-

mach in others, as in the pike and bull-head. In the barbel some of

these fascicles were found on the gullet or termination of the pha-

rynx opposite to the posterior border of the gill-cover. In Fishes

the striated muscular fasciculi of the gullet appear, from the mea-

surements now given, to be much smaller than the fasciculi of the

muscles of the body ; and a like difference, though to a much smaller

degree, often exists in mammals.

In the heart of the smaller species of the lower Vertebrata di-

stinct muscular fibres are often not to be found, the structure being

less distinct than in the heart of many mammals ; generally composed

of bands or fillets not easily separable from each other, and com-

monly about = ,5th of an inch broad. ‘These fillets are seldom

clearly streaked transversely ; they are irregularly and most minutely

granulated, without the longitudinal arrangement of the granules

so plainly visible in the beaded primitive fibrils of the heart of

Mammalia. In short, the known points of resemblance between

the muscular fibre of the heart of mammals and that of voluntary

muscle are generally wanting in the structure of the heart of the

smaller species of the lower Vertebrata, for the latter is more nearly

allied to the muscular tissue of organic life as it exists in other

parts.

In some of the voluntary muscles of many of the smaller Mam-

malia and Birds, as the common mouse and Fringillide, the existence

of a sheath around the fibres appears to be questionable ; and in the

heart of such animals the fibres are remarkably indistinct. In the

common water-vole I noticed a very clear appearance of primitive

fibrils, yet these seemed to be nowhere collected into fascicles. In

the great pectoral muscle of various small birds, as the common swift,

the transverse streaks are very indistinct, and often difficult to be

seen, although they are very plain in the muscles of the leg; yet in

this bird the former muscle is highly developed, and almost con-

stantly in action, while the latter are but small and little used. It

will be recollected that the above remarks apply only to particular

muscles, and are not to be considered as at all invalidating the ad-

mirable demonstration of the sarcolemma in many muscles by Prof.

Schwann and Mr. Bowman, and the parallel observations of Dr. Jones

Quain and Mr. W. J. E. Wilson*. As before observed, the fibres

of the heart of Mammalia seem to have no intervening cellular (fila-

mentous) tissue ; this tissue, however, is easily observed in the heart

of many lower vertebrate animals; and I have very recently seen

minute wavy filaments, having all the characters of cellular tissue,

in the heart of the bear, and of some other mammals which had died

in confinement.

It will be seen that the term fibre, as used in this paper, corre-

sponds to the primitive fasciculus of Fontana, Miller, and Bowmant.

As in the heart there is often a tolerably clear appearance of fascicles,

and as frequently only of the fillet-like bands, both have been set

down in the following table as fibres: and the larger size of the

fascicles will at once distinguish them from the bands, the primitive

* See Phil. Trans. part ii. 1840, p. 475. t+ Loc. cit. p. 458,

fibrils of the muscular tissue being out of the question. In the

snake and newt the bands composed the tissue of the auricles, while

a collection of these bands into fascicles appeared and was measured

in the ventricles; the measurements will show many parallel in-

stances, and one in which the fascicles appeared in the auricle and

the bands in the ventricle. The numbers in the table represent the

diameters of the fibres in vulgar fractions of an English inch, and

where one only occurs it expresses the average size. The terms

auricle and ventricle, under the column headed “‘ Muscle,” refer to

the heart. The animals, unless noted to the contrary, were adults

that had been dead some time before they were examined. In

making many of the measurements I have been indebted to the kind

assistance of Mr. Siddall.

Table of Measurements of the Fibres of the Heart and of some Muscles

of Voluntary Motion in Vertebrate Animals.

Diameter.

Animal. Muscle.

In the Heart. ao Bang

Cercopithecus sabzus, Desm.|Ventricles ...... '1-1333 to 1-1000

Guillet eenseceseaccinetetsenecsarecsse= ne 1-1000 to 1-666

C. griseo-viridis, Desm. ...... Ventricles ...... Ditto

Gullet ....... seo boeaes Beiseskes hours Ditto.

C. Athiops, Geoff. ......+++++- Ventricles ...... Ditto

Gullet. ....0s0s0 cet asa salegccantcane Ditto.

Macacus Rhesus, Desm....... Ventricles ...... 1-1000

Gules Seeits. cheese. areneacte saveeee-(1-800 to 1-555

M. Innuus, Desm. .....0-000:: Gullet ....... HE eee e. cab seveeeees[1-666 to 1-500

Cebus capucinus, Geof’. ...... Guillet). esa. s00.|e0 Sop cheb p capeneies 1-800 to 1-500

Lemur albifrons, Geoff. ......|Diaphragm ......|.... Tees 1-666 to 1-300

Plecotus auritus, Geoff. ...... Right ventricle...|1-1600 to 1-800

Pectoral ...... senltcateeecseonadcendtes 1-888 to 1-571

OE thie ear Reece. ARE Sea ee 1-1143 to 1-666

Vespertilio noctula, Schred. .|Ventricles ....../1-2000 to 1-1000

Vespertilio Pipistrellus, @mel.|Ventricle .........|1-2000 to 1-1067

Guillet «<<. tegen nch¢ abies dap sae see. 1-1333

Erinaceus Europeus, Linn....|Ventricles ...... 1-2666 to 1-1000

Cutaridous “1. 25 )fst Bae 1-1000 to 1-571

Guillet PTX ie) eee ALS e 1-1000 to 1-500

Sorex tetragonurus, Herm..../Ventricles ......]1-2666 to 1-1333

Pectoral ....... Se eens rane ame E 1-555

GLE ae i RP ee 1-1145

Talpa Europea, Linn. ......|Ventricles ...... 1-3000 to 1-1133

GUlletivess accents levees .acesva- suey eee 1-1333 to 1-660

Nasua fusca, Desm........ ess. (Gullet ....... Revit cued lpeardy. Saas ..|1-888 to 1-333

Ursus labiatus, Blainv. ...... Left ventricle ...|1-2000 to 1-1000

Ursus Americanus, Pall. ...|Ventricles ...... 1-1500 to 1-666

Left auricle ...... 1-2000 to 1-800

Gullet ...... Busts s|ecane sete thirties .-.{1-800 to 1-373

Canis familiaris, Zinn. ...... Auricles and ven-

tricles .....:... 1-2400 to 1-800

Gullet .......... pel Sccrckceskenteans ....{1-800 to 1-400

Diaphragm: s....:|escrecverpoes ene «....{1-800 to 1-285

—

Table (continued).

Si a

Diameter.

Animal. Muscle.

In the Heart. In ee

Canis familiaris, Linn. (12

Gays Old) ...secceseoseneees Ventricles ...... 1-2666 to 1-2000

Gullet ....... wan OPER o ccasszexesawe 1-2000 to 1-1333

Ditto (18 weeks old)........- Guillet ....00.csses|ecnseessseeesenees ++-|1-1333 to 1-800

Canis vulpes, Linn.....+-+0+..- Left ventricle ...|1-1600 to 1-1333

GGG bi cca veseeckaleetecesortesnvswadess 1-800 to 1-500

C. lagopus, Linn. ..seceeeseee IDET actewcesdeeleeW ede ss cscsececs ees 1-1000 to 1-533

C. argentatus, Desm. ......... Ventricles ...... 1-1333 to 1-1000

Gillet, ecekawavat|eessh pap eracasn sete 1-1000 to 1-600

C. Lupus, Linn. .........00000- Left ventricle ...|1-1600 to 1-800

Left auricle ...... 1-1600 to 1-1000

Gullet ...cccscccecleoesssccscesscccccoes 1-1400 to 1-285

Viverra Civetta, Linn.......... Left ventricle .../1-2000 to 1-1777

Gullet, . cshoneeeeel| teat access centtes 1-570

Felis Leo, Linn. (two-thirds

PTOWN) = 0c... beteoeese veaube Ventricles ...... 1-2000-to 1-1777

Guillet, .evecosseveliioterssconccceseeees 1-571

F. concolor, Linn. ....+.+++ ...(Left ventricle ...)1-2000 to 1-1333

Left auricle ...... 1-4000 to 1-2000

Gallet... seaeasees| ARG ips ceweeeaesann 1-500 to 1-400

F. Leopardus, Linn. ...... ...|Left ventricle .../1-2666 to 1-700

Guilletwissecsses. Rleodeesenct dae sees gee 1-500 to 1-333

F. jubata, Linn. ..........0..../Left ventricle ...|1-1600 to 1-1000

Gallet ..cccor.stvelsveocccsessccccoecees 1-888 to 1-400

F. cervaria, Temm....,...00..+ Ventricles ...... 1-2000 to 1-1333

GCE edodddcwdveelWetet ns aneesce,cceus 1-1000 to 1-373

F. Caracal, Gimel. .....s000e- Left ventricle .../1-1600 to 1-1000

Gullet ......... hee | tee wanemancgeseses 1-1000 to 1-666

F. domestica, Briss. (16 days

Old) svescessvevessesvecas ../Ventricles ...... 1-3200

Gulllet ...ccccccecsleccecessececesacesees 1-1600 to 1-660

Mustela vulgaris, Linn. ,.....|Left ventricle ...|1-2000 to 1-1000

Left auricle ...... 1-2666 to 1-1333

Gilet vewseverseeoalerd ocllosessssrsevess 1-1333 to 1-800

M. erminea, Linn, ...00-...00+ Right ventricle...|1-1777 to 1-1000

Right auricle ...|1-2000 to 1-1145 !

Gullet ....... avostiMASuelel, «cs sascsceness 1-1000 to 1-571

Lutra vulgaris, Hrvl. ....... --|Ventricles ...... 1-2000 to 1-1143

Gullet ...ccscccvselscerees Scaes saeeenae 1-800 to1-500

Phoca vitulina, Linn, .......+- Ventricles and

auricles ...... 1-3000 to 1-1600

Gullet .......... Sa Aen sosconncsmdere 1-2000 to 1-1000

Delphinus Phocena, Linn.

(just born) ......eecere. Ventricle......... 1-4000

SCAPUar sec deuselseakUavevssoscscc ses 1-888

Gillet sss; seeeveee leat canotasnnnane sat 1-2000

Equus Caballus, Zinn. ......|Ventricles --|1-2000 to 1-666

Diaphragm ......|...... Pee sae 1-555 to 1-360

Gublet/..ccascdisetWocesansccssnaseseses 1-444 to 1-266

Camelus Dromedarius, Linn.|Right ventricle...|1-1143 to 1-1000

GrUMletaS.cac Sc Sao eeese ces oescsccocees 1-1143 to 1-333

Diaphragm covecs|ec.ecccsccsrececssous 1-400 to 1-222

Remoral. sc; tusestesse;sncensocdeeees. 1-250 to 1-222

Qyis A TICS ALAM: vc scccuesacess (OUEE | cecscycabeanlidivossrsccscsevesses 1-666 to-1250

Table (continued).

Diameter.

Animal. Muscle.

In the Heart. ee

Ovis Tragelaphus, Desm. ...|Auricles and ven-

tricles ......... 1-1777 to 1-1143

Gallet c-c5- ane ...4| Senet ee oaenmocn siesta 1-800 to 1-400

Capra Hircus, var., Linn. ... Left ventricle .../1-2666 to 1-1383

Guillet, ..s.ccte-ivs aileve tents AS ee 1-666

Antilope Bubalis, Pall. ....../Ventricles ...... 1-1600 to 1-1000

Auricles ......... 1-4000 to 1-2000

Met cas ecoee th) dene dave aieesweaeH .. {L-1777 to 1-555

Cervus Wapiti, Mit. ......... Gullet:, -ecssuseeccelievces Pa amadeeconne ..{1-666 to 1-400

C. Dama, Linn. ....ccceecscees Masseter ......... arettosaseses Vaatete 1-1000 to 1-333

Gullet ..... pen] Oadetens spon svaeses 1-400

Ditto (foetus, 6 inches long).|Ventricles ...... O- 4000

Dinphragrinlsscses Paks... es saecel te 1-1600

Ditto (20 inches long) ......|Left ventricle ... 1-3200

Gulllets 22: wecees'eet|sae coc sbavsusentutes: 1-2666

Lepus cuniculus, Linn. ......|Left ventricle ...|1-3000 to 1-1000

Diaphragms ss .d|steded. aces ecns-ceee 1-800 to 1-333

Gullets. aise: Sete ee sabes seoseeeee{L-1000 to 1-600

Pectoral & Psoas}............eeeseeees 1-533 to 1-400

Le timidus, Linit.....-s0..cesse- Left ventricle ...}1-2000 to 1- 800

Dasyprocta aurata, J’. Cuv....|Gullet .........+64++- BebsecaStvice acvaae 1-470

Sciurus Palmarum, Briss. ...|Gullet ....... aes SAMS vepirenavecie silos 1-1000

S. vulgaris, Linn. secsveseeees Left ventricle ...|1- 2000 to 1-1000

Reetoral . cenmsss pf ltideehnbaocsssssanane 1-600 to1-444

Cavia Cobaya, Gmel. ......... Right ventricle... 1-1333 to 1-800

Auricles ......... 1-2400 to 1-1714

Gallet xs sias ce sass] Reece snssieenevaneees 1-1600 to 1-400

Ditto (just born) ..........+. Left ventricle .../1-3200 to 1-2000

Gallet, dees. o-cs|sdes.oectieetecnpoet 1-2000 to 1-1000

Mus decumanus, Linn. ....../Ventricle (bands)|1-4000 to 1-2666

Ditto (fascicles) |1-1333 to 1-800

Pictoral atevssecs:|ssevct concsus eset: 1-800 to1-383

Arvicola amphibia, Desm. ...|Diaphragm ......]...-.s.0eteeceeceeees 1-500 to 1-444

Pectoral ......cceleccsserceeveseseceee-(L-444 to 1-263

Gillet seoeeiwas Pee os ce canceesned 1-666

Macropus Bennettii, Waterh.|Left ventricle . ‘|1-1333 to 1-800

Galle tipecvsesiics fl Meets sosa'0 anes 1-1000 to 1-333

Diaphragm and

PeOashavadacvecteeeebtecsas deave csees 1-888 to 1-307

Petaurus sciureus, Geoff. ...|Ventricle .........|1- 1600 to 1- 800

Gallet pctice Meda | me tct oar. So's custo 1-666 to1-440

Strix flammea, Linn. .........]Ventricles ...... ‘lL 3200 to 1-2000

Pectoral ....... Palesdtcarte Rid. ooaeee 1-727 to 1-333

Garrulus glandarius, Flem....|Ventricle ......... 1.3000 to 1-1333

Pectoral ......+.. iene “epeneica: 1-555 to 1-400

Corvus Pica, Linn. ............|Veutricles ...... 1-3000 to 1-1455

Pectoral, A.cHw salt lwakes cde 1-666 to 1-400

Ditto (one-third grown)..,...;Ventricle ......... 1-4000 to 1-1600

Pectoral ..... sad Sates sas ce etah 1-2000 to 1-1333

C. monedula, Linn...........-+ Ventricle ......... 1- 2400 to 1-2000

Pectoral. (cssiccedaltnses seccsscresees 1-800 to1-500

C. frugilegus, Linn.............|Ventricle ......... 1-3000 to 1-1600

Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. ......|Ventricle......... 1-4000 to 1-2000

Pectoral. .....ccccuieivedecessessecesees| 1666" to 1-422

Table (continued).

Diameter.

Animal. Muscle.

In the Heart In Voluntary

; Muscle.

Sylvia Luscinia, Lath. ...... Ventricle ......... 1-3200

Turdus musicus, Linn. ......|Ventricle ......... 1-2666 to 1-1090

Wectoral™ sch. ceonlseereccstrssebevscest 1-800 to 1-500

Motacilla alba, Linn. ........- Ventricle ......... _ 4000 to 1-2666

Pentoralins te tecs cose cneees< sv enceuces 1-500

Fringilla domestica, Zinn. ...|Ventricle ......... 1-2666 to 1-1714

4 Pectaralrctscscc|teeradcuncsesecssccte 1-666 to1-300

F. Chloris, Temm. ............| Ventricle ......... 1-2400 to 1-1714

PEClGral ocesecin tl ceeeawencsente teense 1-666 to 1-500

Parus ceruleus, Linn.......... Ventricle......... 1-3000 to 1-2000

Pectoral te. icisses|senrecdes<cencsasaes 1-570 to1-400

P. caudatus, Linn. .........««.|Ventricle ......... 1-2900 to 1-2000

Cervical: .ccciicaclecstecsccccsescoecves 1-1000 to 1-800

PECEOTAL Ns staena certs ese scwesseeesy os 1-666 to 1-500

Picus minor, Zinn. ............|Ventricle ......... 1-4000 to 1-1777

Pectoral) snc.csccs|aases dace sts-'n- Jecace 1-800 to1-300

Cuculus canorus, Linn. ...... Ventricle ......... 1-4000 to 1-2000

Pectoral ss cee, teltwansnesacctecsteuca 1-500

Cypselus Apus, Flem.........- Ventricle ......... 1-4000 to 1-1777

PeGtOraly corse ccs |sacsearocaccecrsescet 1-666 to 1-400

Columba domestica, 4ucé....|Ventricles ...... 1-3200 to 1-1600

Trapezius.....,...|eeceeeserseerseneenes 1-1000 to 1-470

Phasianusnycthemerus, Auct.| Ventricles (bands)|1- 4000 to 1-2666

Gallus domesticus, 4uct. ...|Heart (bands) ...|1-4000 to 1-2666

PECLOEAL vcancesesleccgersecaracsnescets 1-363 to 1-300

Struthio Camelus, Zinn....... Ventricle ......... 1-3000 to 1-1600

Auricle......ss.008 1-4000 to 1-2000

VAa Om in ali. adtive| so sacedas duns oe wane 1-400

Anthropoides Virgo, Vieiil....|Ventricle ......... 1-4000 to 1-2666

Ardea cinerea, Lath. (half-

DNOWEL)cccesnsceresne Some Ventricles ...... 1-4000 to 1-2666

Pectoral .........|essseecseceecesseeeee|L-2000 to 1-666

Cervical ....00.5:|cccsssevecrtecczcnses 1-800 to 1-400

Gallinula chloropus, Zath....|Ventricle .........|1-2666 to 1- 1000

; Pectoral’, vepsacd|\xsavensscssachsause +-/1-1333 to 1-570

Sterna Hirundo, Linn. ......|Ventricles .... 1-4000 to 1 2000

Pectoral istreccnclectsctcssosstecces ess 1-800 to 1-666

Anas galericulata, 4uct....... Ventricle (bands)|1-5333 to 1-2000

Somateria mollissima, Leach.|Ventricle (bands)|1-4000 to 1-3200

PPG CHOVEL cies cacklacenseses davettvexees 1-800 to 1-500

Natrix torquata, Ray ........./Auricle (bands) . 1-5000 to 1-3000

Ventricle (fasci-

C1ES) -seseesenvee 1-1000 to 1-600

Dorsal .......00,..|eceeee escecseceees «1-444 to1-270

Anguis fragilis, Zinn. ......... Ventricle (bands) 1. 4570 tol. 2000

Dorsal s0s.ssetsiddulossendeessscee seeeees(L-400 to 1-290

Vipera communis, Leach ...|Ventricle elias 1.6000 to 1-2900

Intercostal . pueda ssnaandesaahae 1-200 to 1-222

Rana temporaria, Linn, ......|Femoral .........[eeeseeeeveee ereeseees(1-300 to 1-120

Ventricle .........|1-4500 to 1-2460

Triton palustris, Flem. ...... Ventricle ........ .{1-1000 to 1-666

Auricle..........+.|1-5000 to 1-2000

Femoral ....ccccsleccsesoscens eseveseee/L-500 to 1-266

Iguana Cyclura, Cuv. ......++ Ventricle (bands) 1-4000

Table (continued).

Diameter.

Animal, Muscle.

In the Heart, im ee

Iguana Cyclura, Cuv........+- Auricle(fascicles) 1-1000

Pectoral ...... Fol ee eee 1-240 to1-100

Alligator ....scseesoccsrseecosens Ventricle and au-

ratd eee 1-4000 to 1-2000

AG GOMINAL, ..gealneuatteveccs séecocess 1-400 to 1-123

Testudo Greeca, Auct.......00.|FEMOTAl .......+-)ecessceecsseeverseees 1-500 to 1-400

Cottus Gobio, Linn. ......... Gullet ............ ndsaetevece: «saneeane 1-1714 to 1-666

WIOTSAL 5506 onndnd| cog ncssocecscanee 1-400 to1-141

Cyprinus Cephalus, Linn. ...|Dorsal ........s00+Jeeceoeceecesseeeeees 1-266 to 1-150

C. Barbus, Linn. scvcusnase aves Ventricle ......... 1-5333 to 1-2666

Dorsal 1-240 to 1-160

Gullet 1-1200 to 1-571

Anguilla vulgaris, Linn. ..... Gullet 1-2000 to 1-888

Dorsal 1-600 to 1-150

Mr. Gould exhibited to the Meeting an extensive collection of

Australian Halcyonide, and characterized two new species belonging

to this family as follows :—

Haucyon piatyrosrris. Halc. capite, dorsoque ex erugine viridi-

bus ; alis cauddque virescenti-ceruleis ; guld pallidé luteold, hoc

colore gradatim apud nucham et partes corporis inferiores in cer-

vinum, vel arenaceo-luteolum transeunte.

Spot before the eye buff; head and hack verditer green; wings

and tail greenish blue; throat very pale buff, gradually passing into

the rich sandy buff of the back of the neck and the whole of the

under surface ; bill black; the base of the under surface of the lower

mandible flesh-white.

Total length, 73 inches ; bill, 12; wing, 31; tail, 24; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Navigators Islands.

For the knowledge of this new species Mr. Gould is indebted to

the kindness of Mr. Cunningham, who collected it, and to Mr. Ben-

nett, at Sydney, at whose suggestion Mr. Cunningham presented it,

with some other interesting birds, to Mr. Gould, for the advancement

of zoological science.

Haucyon sorpipus. Hale. capite, dorso, plumis scapularibus tec-

tricibusque alarum fuscescenti-virescentibus, alis virescenti-ceruleis,

tertiartis ad apicem viridi-tinctis ; caudd virescenti-ceruled ; tor-

que collarii, corporeque inferiore pallide luteolis.

Hab. North coast of Australia.

Head, back, scapularies and wing-coverts brownish oil-green;

wings greenish blue, gradually changing into green on the tips of

the tertiaries; collar surrounding the back of the neck and all the

under surface buffy white; tail greenish blue; upper mandible and

tip of the lower one black; base of the latter flesh-white.

Total length, 9 inches; bill, 21; wing, 41; tail, 3; tarsi, $.

From the collection of Benjamin Bynoe, Esq.

June 28, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A Monograph on the Coleopterous family Phyllophoride, by the

Rev. F. W. Hope, was read. Following are the characters of the

new species and genera contained in this paper.

Family PoyiLopnHorips£, Hope.

Genus Phyllophorus, Hope.

Foemina antennis filiformibus 11-articulatis, articulo |™° magno, ex-

terné crassiore, duobus proximis brevibus, 7 sequentibus gradatim

increscentibus et feré trigonis, ultimo autem ovale, apice parum

minori. Palpi haud securiformes. Caput impressum, maxillis

obtusis unidentatis. Thorav lateribus carinatis, angulis posticis

subspinosis, anticis subrotundatis. Elytra thorace quintuplo lon-

giora, sulcata et rugosa, lateribus elevatis.

Phyllophorus gigas. later gigas, Fab., Syst. Eleut.

Genus Tetralobus, Serville.

Tetralobus flabellicornis. later flabellicornis, Fab.

Tetralobus cinereus, Gory, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, tom. i.

p. 220. pl. 4. fig. 1.

Terratosus Goryi. Tetr. Mas, fusco-cinereus, capite fere qua-

drato, antict subexcavato, angulis anterioribus rotundatis. Thorax

marginatus, valde convexus, ad scutellum elevatus, utrinque de-

pressus, angulis posticis oblique acutis. Elytra thorace triplo

longiora, postice rotundata, lineis elevatis parum distinctis, tomen-

tosa. Corpus infra piceo-cinereum, pectore pubescenti. Pedes

tomentosi, femoribus compressis, tibiis subarcuatis, tarsisque flavo-

membranaceis. Annuli abdominis utrinque foveolati. Long. corp.

184 lin. ; lat. 53 lin.

Hab. forsitan in Africa.

Feemina differt, long. 21 lin., lat. 6 lin.; antennis serratis, arti-

culo ultimo tribus antecedentibus quali, subacuto, abdomine

multo convexiore.

A small variety of the above species exists in the rich cabinet of

M. Dupont at Paris, and has been named by him TJ. Sennarius. It

measures twenty lines in length, and differs also in the colour of its

pubescence.

Tzrratosus Durontr. Tetr. nigro-cinereus, capite fer? quadrato,

antice excavato, tomentoso, angulis anticis rotundatis. Thorax

converus, subtilissime punctulatus haud foveis binis in medio im-

pressus. Elytra thorace triplo longiora, ad suturam subacuminata,

lineis vie distinctis. Corpus infra piceum, tomentosum, binis ulti-

mis annulis foveis, utringue fortiter impressis. Pedes, femoribus,

tibiisque compressis. Long. corp. 28 lin. ; lat. 9 lin.

In Museo Dom. Dupont.

It is probable that the above species is from Africa, It was re-

ceived by Mr. Dupont (in whose honour it is named) from a foreign

traveller, who is lately dead. No locality is mentioned. ‘The an-

tenne are imperfect.

TeTraLoBus Savacer. Tetr. totum corpus supra fusco-brunneum,

aurantiisque capillis obsitum. Caput fere quadratum, angulis anticis

rotundatis, antice excavatum. Thorax convexis, angulis posticis

acutis. Elytra thorace duplo longiora, auratdque pubescentid tecta.

Corpus infra abdomine piceo, pectore aurantiis capillis lengis ob-

sito, femoribus tibiis piceis tarsisque infra auricomatis. Long.

corp. 13 lin. ; lat. 4 lin.

The above species I have much satisfaction in naming after an

American clergyman, the Rev. T. S. Savage. His zeal in the col-

lecting of insects in Western Africa has tended to add greatly to

our stock of information regarding the entomology of those countries.

Respecting the Goliath Beetles, he has in store for us many important

observations, having collected them in the bush: his remarks on

them may shortly be expected to arrive in this country.

Tetralobus Australasie. Gory, Ann. de la Soc. Ent, de France.

Trrratosus Fortnumi. Teir. totum corpus fuscum, auratd pubes-

centid tectum, antennisque pedibus ferrugineis, elytrisque suturd acu-

minatis. Caput viv emarginatum punctatum, fronte foved anticé im-

pressd. Antenne ferruginee. Fasciculus antennarum e lamellis

novem rubro-ferrugineis. Thorax angulis anticis lateralibus,

porrectis rotundatis ; posticis acutis, disco varioloso-punctato, lined-

que longitudinali parum impressd. Scutellum postic? rotundatum.

Elytra striato-punctata, striis punctis fortiter impressis, interne

acuminata, externeque rotundata. Corpus infra atro-piceum aureo

tomentosum, capillis pectoris longioribus. Pedes ferruginei, tarsis

subtis pallidioribus et excavatis. Long. corp. 12 lin. ; lat. 3 lin.

The above insect was lately sent to this country by Mr. Fortnum,

from the new settlement of Adelaide, and although closely allied to

T. Australasie of Gory, is yet distinct; it is the smallest species that

has fallen under my notice, and has been named in honour of the

above assiduous collector.

TrrraLosus Parrys. Tetr. niger, capite fere quadrato, antrorsum

foveolato, angulis anticis parum rotundatis. Oculis flavis. Tho-

rax latus punctulatus. Elytra thorace triplo longiora, depressa,

striata, striis valde distinctis. Corpus infra nigrum, segmentis

abdominis utringue foveolatis, pedibus piceis, antennis ferrugineis.

Long. corp. 18 lin. ; lat. 64 lin.

Hab. in Nubia. In Muszo Dom. Parry.

Captain Frederick Parry lately received this species in a box with

other Nubian insects. It is of a remarkably depressed form, approach-

ing somewhat in this respect to Tetralobus Goryi, which latter insect,

however, is certainly much more convex, and differs from it also in

various other minor points.

Trerratosus Maneuesu. Fem. fusco-picea, antennis articulo

primo concolore, reliquis ferrugineis. Caput fer? quadratum, punc-

tatum, oculis rubris et nitidis. Thorax valdé convexus, angulis

anticis rotundatis, posticis acutis, lined longitudinali medid, fovea

utringue compressd insignitus. Elytra vir acuminata, striato-

punctata. Corpus infra rubro-piceum, antennis tarsisque ferru-

gineis. Long. corp. 17 lin.; lat. 4} lin.

Hab. in Nova Hollandia.

The above insect was sent to me by Capt. Mangles, the Egyptian

traveller, in whose honour it is named. He received it from the

vicinity of the Swan River.

Since the above was written, I have discovered the male in the

collection of the Linnean Society, and the following is a concise de-

scription of it :—

Fusco-piceus, articulo primo nigricanti, reliquis ferrugineo flabellatis.

Caput feré quadratum, vix emarginatum. Thorax convexus, mar-

ginibus lateralibus subcarinatus. Scutellum valde depressum.

Elytra acuminata, substriato-punctata et sparsim punctulata. Cor-

pus infra fusco-piceum, pectore auraté pubescentia tecto, pedibus

ferrugineis et auricomatis.

TETRALOBUs AURICOMUS. Tetr. aureo-tomentosus, antennis fiabella-

tis nigris, thorace postice producto, elytris thorace triplo longioribus,

auricomatis, apicibus rotundatis. Corpus infra aureo-tomento-

sum, pedibus concoloribus. Caput anticé rotundatum, fronte sub-

foveolatd. Antenne articulo 1” inequali elongato subsecuriformi,

244 et 3to minutis, reliquis trigono-ramosis, ultimo sublongo

compresso, apice emarginato. Thorax antice rotundatus, con-

veaus, in medio disci foved utrinque impressd, angulisque posticis

acutis. Elytra auricomata vix sublineata. Corpus infra tomen-

tosum, annulis abdominis utrinque subimpressis. Long. corp. 12

lin. ; lat. 32 lin.

In Museo Dom. Guerin,

Hab. in Africa.

Since the above description was written a more exact locality has

been given me.

Hab. ‘‘Le fort de Sedou, au bord de la riviére Casamance, dé-

couvert par M. le Capitaine Mion.”

TerraLosus rosustus. Fem. flavo-fusca, antennis valdé com-

pressis. Caput antice excavatum, flavisque capillis obsitum.

Thorax converus, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis acutis. Ely-

tra striata, ad apicem dehiscentia, subacuta. Corpus infra flavo-

fuscum, pectore aurato tomento obsito pedibusque concoloribus.

From the remarkable compressed antenne I am inclined to con-

sider this insect, which was received from the island of Madagascar,

as the type of a distinct genus. The following characters may be

deemed sufficient to mark its peculiarities, which are chiefly taken

from the antennz, and hence it has been named

Piezophyllus*.

Caput rotundatum, antepnis valde compressis, undecim articulatis, ar-

ticulo 1™° crasso, 24 brevi, octo sequentibus gradatim decres-

centibus, ultimo apice acuto. Thorax angulis anticis rotundatis,

posticis acutis. Hlytra subacuminata e sutura dehiscentia late-

ribus medio subsinuatis. Pedes robusti, tibzzs subincurvis.

Other peculiarities might be mentioned ; but as it is well-figured,

however, its other characters may easily be distinguished.

PiezopHyLuus Suuckuarni. Tetr.atro-piceus, capite fere quadrato,

antice parum excavato, angulis anticis suboblique truncatis anten-

nisque ferrugineis. Antenne articulo 1™ feré trigono, crasso,

Qdo 3tio brevibus, 7 sequentibus lamelligeris; antennis capite

thoraceque equalibus. Thorax valde convecus, lateribus carinuld

insignitis, angulisque posticis subacutis. Elytra sulcata. Corpus

infra atro-piceum, pectore hirsuto, flavisque capillis longis obsito.

Pedes picei, auricomi, femoribus tibiisque subcompressis. Long.

corp. 24 lin.; lat. 7 lin. 9 Long. corp. 21 lin. ; lat. 7 lin.

I am indebted to Mr. Shuckhard for the above insect, and the

species is most probably the Tetralobus Dumolinii of Dupont’s cabinet.

The antenne and tarsi of this specimen were in too imperfect a

state to describe.

Prezopuyiius Spencer. Tetr. niger, antennis fusco-piceis, articulo

primo nigricante. Caput fere quadratum, antic excavatum. Tho-

raz robustus, vald? convexus, lined longitudinali impressd fovedque

utrinque insignitus et crebrissimé punctulatus, angulis posticis fere

rectis et acutis, carinuld abrupte interruptd. Elytra ad apicem

dehiscentia, subacuta. Corpus infra atrum, pectore auricomato

pedibusque concoloribus. Long. corp. 16 lin.

Hab. in agro Senegalensi.

This singular insect is described from the rich cabinet of Monsieur

Dupont in Paris, and it appears to belong to the same subgenus as -

Tetr. Shuckhardi. The same insect I have seen before, and as it was

named after Mr. Spence, the celebrated entomologist, I have retained

that name.

Oxynopterus+ mucronatus. Elater mucronatus, Olivier.

Olivier suspects that this insect is the female figured by Voet

(vid. Coleop. tab. 45. fig. 34.) ; it was originally described from the

cabinet of the Prince of Orange, and certainly differs from the Fi/a-

bellicornis of Drury, which Olivier seems to doubt. The following

short Latin characters separate it at once from Tetralobus.

* Piezophyllus, from xiela premo, et Qdarov folium.

Genus Oxynopterus*, Hope.

Caput antic® subemarginatum, antennis ¢ apicibus flabellatis ely-

trisque in utroque sexu acuminatis. Thorax angulis anticis fere

rotundatis, posticis acutis. Hlytra striata et mucronata, pedibus

veluti in Tetralobo.

Each joint of all the tarsi is clothed beneath with a row of short

golden-coloured plush, as in other species belonging to this genus.

Oxynorrervs Avpournt. Ozyn., Mas, brunneo-cinereus, capite

fortiter excavato, parum tomentoso. Thorax emarginatus, postice

subsinuatus, antic? aurantiis capillis obsitus, depressus. Scutellum

rotundatum. Elytra brunneo-cinerea, parum tomentosa. Corpus

infra nigro-cinereum. Pedes concolores, Ffemoribus tibiisque com-

pressis, tarsisque piceis. Long. corp. 62 lin. ; lat. 23 lin.

The above species was described by me, during my late residence

in Paris, from the collection at the Jardin des Plantes. It is named

in remembrance of the late Professor Audouin, who succeeded to the

entomological chair held by the celebrated Latreille. The locality

was not stated; I believe it, however, to be from the East Indies,

although I cannot actually specify its real locality. It seems to

differ considerably from mucronatus of Olivier.

Oxynorrervs Cuminer. Ovyn. fusco-flavus, antennis ferrugineis.

Caput clypeo rotundato atro, medio disci subsulcato. Thorax

fuscus, marginibus elevatis, angulis anticis parum productis, pos-

ticis acutis et extiis divergentibus. Scutellum posticésrotundatum

atrum. Elytra acuminata fusco-flava, tribus lineis partim elevatis

insignita. Corpus infra atro-piceum, femoribus concoloribus. Me-

sosternum fortiter excavatum, cornu aprosterni ad medios pedes

porrecto. Long. corp. 36 lin. ; lat. 11 lin.

Femina magnitudine differt, thorace etiam paullo latiore antennis-

que compressis.

The light castaneous appearance of the elytra of the above insect

must in a great measure be attributed to abrasion : when recently

captured it was remarkable no doubt for a golden pubescence above

and beneath, which is a characteristic of other allied species. The

above magnificent species is named in honour of Mr. Cuming the

conchologist, whose important discoveries at Manilla in various

branches of zoology entitle him to the thanks of the naturalists of

England. {t may be mentioned with regard to the above insects,

that the joints of all the tarsi are clothed with a row of short golden-

coloured plush; the head and thorax are covered also with very short

gray pile, and in the male the elytra are fulvous red, whilst in the

female they are saturated on the disc with brown; the latter sex

is also a quarter of an inch larger than the male. It is also worthy

of notice that the joints of the antennz to which the leaflets are at-

tached gradually increase after the third joint, the extreme being the

most marked.

* From dédva, acuo, and wrregov, penna.

OxynorTervs LATIPENNIS. Nigro-fuscus, antennis concoloribus,

elytris acuminatis et piceis. Caput fer? quadratum, anticé excava-

tum rugoso-punctatum. Thorax latus, angulis anticis vix productis,

posticis acutis, lateribus marginibus elevatis. Elytra atro-picea

tomentosa, apicibus acutis. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus ferru-

gineis. Long. corp. 24 lin. ; lat. 8 lin.

Hab. in Africa.

The above species was received by me in a box of insects from

the Cape of Good Hope : for some time I was induced to regard it as

an Asiatic species, but since I have lately received a species nearly

similar in form from Sierra Leone, it may be an African insect. It is

remarkably broad for a male; the disc of the thorax also is slightly

convex. A label attached to it has ‘ Gold Coast’ written on it.

In Museo Dom. Hope.

Foemina adhuc latet.

Oxynorterus Javanus. Oxyn. fusco-flavus et aureo-tomentosus, an-

tennis ferrugineis. Caput atrum, antennis thorace fere duplo lon-

giortbus. Thorax antice emarginatus, angulis utringue productis,

posticis acutis et divergentibus. Elytra acuminata fusco-picea

aurato-tomentosa. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus nigricantibus to-

mento supra aspersis, tarsisque avricomatis. Long. corp. 28 lin. ;

lat. 7 lin. @ Long. corp. 28 lin.; lat. 8} lin,

Foemina differt antennis compresso-serratis et fuscis.

Hab, in insula Jave.

The above insects, male and female, were brought to this country

by Dr. Horsfield from the island of Java; at first I was inclined to

consider the species as the mucronatus of Olivier, but the figure in

Voet is quite different. I have no hesitation in recording it as another

species, and it may be remarked here that the above insects are in a

good state of preservation, and that all the species of flabellate Elaters

with pubescence should be described immediately they are captured,

as when dead they change considerably in colouring, often turning

black and greasy, so that it is impossible accurately to describe them

as in their original state. ,

LerropHyiius Stracuani. Lept. (Mas) piceus, capite antice ex-

cavato antennis, capite cum thorace feré duplo longioribus, ely-

trisque acuminatis. Caput fere quadratum, antic? excavatum ru-

gosum, antenne thorace duplo longiores, lamellis elongatis et ferru-

gineis, Thorax undique marginibus elevatis conspicuis, angulis an-

ticis parim productis, obtusis, posticis acutis et extis divergentibus.

Elytra valdé acuminata marginata picea et aurato-tomentosa.

Corpus infra concolor, femoribus tibiisque compressis. Femina ad-

huc latet. Long. corp. 26 lin. ; lat. 7.lin.

The above species was brought to this country by Mr. Strachan,

long timea resident at Sierra Leone. His zeal in urging his friends

to collect insects in that climate has been the means of considerably

enriching our metropolitan collections, and to him chiefly we are

indebted for our acquaintance with the Goliath beetles. I have named

the insect above described in honour of this gentleman, who has

exhibited such a remarkable zeal in favour of zoology. When his

health declined in consequence of the bad climate, he yet made ar-

rangements with his friends for enriching our collections at home.

He returned to England, after resigning his laborious situation,

broken in health but unsubdued in spirits, and hence we may hope

that his health will shortly be re-established. The following cha-

racters appear to me sufficient to form into a subgenus, allied to

Oxynopterus, the above insect which I have denominated Lepto-

phyllus, from the long leaflets which compose the antenne.

Leptophyllus*, Hope.

Caput feré quadratum, antic emarginatum. Antenne 11-articulate,

1™° magno, 2° subtrigono, octo sequentibus feré aqualibus et la-

mellatis, undecimo triplo majori. Thorax angulis anticis rotun-

datis, posticis acutis, lateribus marginatis et carinatis. Elytra

posticé acuminata, pedibus unguibus fere zqualibus.

The anatomical sections of this genus are so fully figured by Mr.

Westwood that there is no necessity for more ample details, as they

may be detected on reference to the plate.

Pectocerat, Hope.

Caput fortiter emarginatum. Antenne valdé pectinate, novem ulti-

mis articulis, dentibus gradatim increscentibus, ultimis longissimis,.

Thorax antic rotundatus, angulis posticis acutis. Elytra acu-

minata, pedibus simplicibus.

The remaining characters may easily be seen in the accompanying

plate. It appears to me that the above genus is mediate between

Tetralobus and Ludius and Ctenicera.

Pecrocera Cantort. Pect. fusco-castanea, antennis valde pecti-

natis brunneis. Thorax niger tomentoque aureo aspersus. LElytra

Susco-castanea, apicibus acuminatis. Corpus infra pilosum, cinereis

flavisque capillis obsitum. Segmenta abdominis utrinque brunneo-

maculata, maculis glabris. Long. corp. 10 lin. ; lat. 24 lin.

Hab. in agro Assamensi.

The above insect I received from Dr. Cantor before he quitted

England, and I have since received it from the Khasyah Hills: it is

named in honour of the above zealous naturalist.

Pecrocera Metuu. Flavo-fusca griseoque variegata, antennis

pectinatis. Thorax angulis posticis acutis, subtomentosus. Elytra

postice valde acuminata, pedibusque fusco-flavis et pubescentibus.

Long. corp. 12} lin. ; lat. 3 lin.

Hab. circa Semlaa in agris Thibetianis. E Museo Dom. Melly

descriptus.

* From agaroc tenuis, and @varoy folium.

} wextds or wyxt0s combed, and xteas horn, in short, comb-horned an-

tenne.

Mr. Gould exhibited a new species of Hawk, belonging to the

genus Elanus, which he thus characterizes :—

Exanus scriptus. Elan. fronte et lined superoculari albis ; capite

et corpore subtis saturate cinereis, rufescenti-fusco lavatis ; tectri-

cibus alarum fulgideé nigerrimis ; parte ale interiore notd latd

nigrd, per humerum et antibrachium eductd, instar litere V (aut

potiis VV, utriusque ale pagind interiore in conspectu,) im-

pressd.

Forehead and line over the eye white; head and all the upper

surface dark grey, washed with reddish brown; wing-coverts deep

glossy black ; primaries greyish brown, becoming nearly white on

their webs, all but the first two or three margined with white at the

tip ; secondaries brownish grey on the outer web, white on the inner

and at the extremity; tertiaries brownish grey ; two centre tail-

feathers grey ; the remaining tail-feathers pale brown on their outer

webs and white on the inner; lores black ; all the under surface and

edge of the shoulder white; on the under surface of the wing fol-

lowing the line of the bones a broad mark of black assuming the

form of the letter V, or if both wings are seen at once, of a W ; bill

black ; cere and legs yellow; claws black ; irides orange.

Total length, 15% inches; bill,14; wing, 124; tail, 74; tarsi, 14.

Hab. South Australia.

Mr. Gould next called attention to a collection of Birds from

India, recently presented to the Society by Walter Ewer, Esq.

A paper by G. B. Sowerby, Esq., containing descriptions of new

species of Shells belonging to the genus Cyclostoma, was then read.

The species described in this paper were collected in the Philip-

pine Islands by H. Cuming, Esq., by whom they were exhibited.

CYCLOSTOMA ACUTIMARGINATUM.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conicd, tenui, levi, subpellucidd, badid,

albido-marmoratd, spird subacuminatd, submammillari, anfracti-

bus quatuor, raptim crescentibus, supra infraque rotundatis, mar-

gine carinato, acuto, prope suturam marginemque coloribus articu-

latis ; aperturd magnd, orbiculari, peritremate reflexo, albo, in-

erassato, prope ultimum anfractum subinterrupto, superne produc-

tiore, minime reflexo ; umbilico mediocri, profundo. Long. 0°9 ;

lat. 1:1 poll. Operculo corneo, multispirali.

Hab. supra foliis Palmarum apud Catbalongan Insule Laman

Philippinarum.

An elegant species, remarkable for the sharpness of its edge (in

which it resembles a Carocolla), as well as for the beautiful arrange-

ment of the colouring.

Cyctostoma Luzonicum.

Icon. Sowerby, Species Conchyliorum, Pars 24, Cyclostoma, f. 133.

Cycl.testd suborbiculari, albidd, castaneo-variegatd, spird depressius-

culd, obtusd ; anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, rotundatis, concinne

spiraliter striatis, fascid albidd infra suturam fusco-articulatd ;

suturd profundd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate crasso, reflexo ;

umbilico maximo. Long. 0°7; lat.1°3 poll. Operculum cor-

neum, tenue, anfractuum marginibus lamellosis.

The first specimens of this species were brought from Lucgon by

J. K. Smith, Esq. Mr. Cuming has collected the following varie-

ties, viz :—

a. Shell variegated, with a brown and white articulated band close

to the front of the suture, median band variously mottled. Found

under decayed leaves on Mount Isarog in the province of South

Camarinas, island of Lucon.

6. Shell variegated, upper or posterior part of the two last volu-

tions with four or five rather prominent elevated strie. Found under

decayed leaves in the island of Masbate.

ce. Upper part of the volutions of a pale colour, with a brown and

white articulated band next to the suture ; median line articulated

with brown and white, in front of which the shell is dark brown,

becoming paler toward the umbilicus. Found under decayed leaves

at St. Jaun in the province of Cagayan, island of Lucon.

d, Shell dark chestnut-brown, articulated with white in front of

the suture; median line brown and white mottled; umbilicus and

peritreme white. Found under decayed wood at Calauang in the

province of Laguna, island of Luc¢on.

e. Shell brownish, with an articulated band next to the suture,

and two median bands, the posterior of which is white and the an-

terior dark brown; spire more elevated than in the former varieties.

Found in earth under decayed leaves at Sinait in the province of

South Ilocos, island of Lucgon.

Jf. Shell rather smaller and with a more elevated spire than in

varieties a. to d, variously mottled. Found under decayed leaves in

the woods at Dolores in the province of Pampanga, island of

Lucon.

g- Shell rather paler coloured than most of the varieties, but ha-

ving the inside of the aperture of an orange-brown. Found under

decayed leaves on Mount Isarog, with var. a.

Ah. Similar to var. e, but altogether paler, and from the same

locality.

CycLosToMA CANALIFERUM.

Icon. Sowerby, Species Conchyliorum, Pars 24, Cyclostoma, f. 195,

196.

Cycl. testd orbiculari, subdepressd, crassiusculd, albicante, brunneo-

marmoratd, spird depressd, obtusd; anfractibus quatuor, rotun-

datis, spiraliter striatis et superné cariniferis, prope suturam

brunneo albidoque articulatis et cingulo centrali brunneo ornatis ;

suturd canaliculatd, margine canalis elevato ; aperturd circulari,

peritremate incrassato, reflexo, umbilicum patulum versus lamelloso-

patente. Long. 0°8; lat. 1-4 poll. Operculum corneum, anfrac-

tuum margine lamellari, levatiusculo.

Lhis species bears a general resemblance to the last; it may be

§2

distinguished by the flexuose lamella proceeding from the peritreme

and overlying the umbilicus, so as nearly to cover it when adult ; and

also by the narrow channel at the suture. I received the first spe-

cimens of. this shell from J. K. Smith, Esq. Mr. Cuming has col-

lected two different varieties.

a. Shell depressed, pale in colour, J. K. Smith, Esq.

6. Shell with a more prominent spire and much darker colours.

Found under decayed leaves on the island of Burias, H. Cuming, Esq.

c. Shell with the spire prominent as the last; of a rich dark

brown, with a white median line and angular flashes of white on

the upper side. Found under decayed leaves in the province of

Tayabas, island of Lucon, H. Cuming, Esq.

CyYcLOSTOMA VALIDUM.

Cycl. testd orbiculari, crassiusculd, pallidd, brunneo-variegatd, spird

elevatiusculd, anfractibus quinque rotundatis, spiraliter striatis,

et nonnunquam obtuse quatuor- ad quinque-carinatis ; suturd

distinctd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate incrassato, reflexo,

umbilicum versus patente; umbilico mediocri. Long. 1°5; lat.

1°8 poll. Operculum corneum, tenuiculum, margine anfractuum

lamellari.

The young shell of this species appears to have been of compara-

tively large size at its first development from the egg, the edge of

its aperture being usually distinguished by a broad and dark brown

oblique band at about the middle of the third volution from the apex.

Mr. Cuming has brought several varieties, as follows :—

a. This is the largest and coarsest variety, and its colours are the

least brilliant; the lower part, near to the aperture, appears to be

constantly worn away, probably from age; the peritreme also is ex-

tended far beyond its first formed edge. It is found on the leaves

of trees at Tanauan, in the island of Leyte.

b. Shell of a dark brown, with sometimes angular flashes of nearly

white over the upper part of the shell; the median edge is obtusely

keeled. It is found under decayed leaves in the province of Taya-

bas, island of Lugon.

c. Shell of a light brown colour, variously mottled with very

dark brown. Found under decayed leaves in dense woods at Cat-

balonga, and at Basay, in the island of Samar.

d. Smaller than the last, and generally paler in colour, with less

of the dark brown. Found under decayed leaves at Cagayan in

the province of Misamis, Island of Mindanao.

Cyctostoma STAINFORTHII.

Cycl. testd tenui, albicante, pyramidali, carinatd ; spirdé acuminati-

usculd, anfractibus quinque ad sex, lateribus subventricosis, ultimo

longe maximo, margine mediano carinato, lineis spiralibus fuscis

quatuor ad sex ornato; suturd subobsoletd ; aperturd magna, sub-

orbiculari, latere columellari rectiusculo ; peritremate albo, subin-

crassato, reflexo, supra anfractum penultimum subinterrupto, um-

bilico mediocri. Long. 0-7; lat. 0°8 poll. Operculum corneum,

tenue, marginibus anfractuum lamellosis, levatiusculis.

A very elegant species, which I have the pleasure of dedicating to

my kind and liberal friend, the Rev. F. J. Stainforth. Mr. Cuming

has brought the following varieties :—

a. Shell nearly white, variegated with brown mottlings and from

four to six dark brown spiral lines. Found upon the leaves of trees

on the island of Ticao.

6. Shell smaller, and altogether paler. Found on leaves of trees

on the island of Masbate.

ce. Shell of a pale rosy brown colour. On leaves of bushes on the

island of Siquijor.

d. Shell of a pale colour, mottled with dark brown. On leaves of

bushes in the island of Siquijor.

e. Shell nearly white. From the same locality as c. and d.

‘f. Shell larger than var. e. and nearly white. On leaves of trees

in the island of Panay.

Cyciostoma Tusa.

Cycl. testa suborbiculari, depressiusculd, tenui, levi, albicante ru-

Sescente-fusco variegatd et nubeculatd ; spird brevi, subdepressd,

acuminata, anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, primis carinatis, ul-

timo maximo, rotundato; aperturd maxima, circulari, expansd,

albicante ; peritremate albicante, tenui, lato, revoluto, supra an-

Sracium penultimum interrupto ; umbilico magno. Alt. 1:5; lat.

2°3 poll.

Hab. sub foliis putridis prope Montem Ophir, Malacez.

This species is remarkable for the extent of the reflected lip of the

aperture. Mr. Cuming has brought two varieties, differing only in

size.

Cyctosroma PuiLipPInaRUM.

Sowerby, Species Conchyliorum, Pars 2", fig. 180 to 183.

Cycl. testd globoso-conicd, pallida, fusco-marmoratd, spird subacumi-

natd, anfractibus quingue subrotundatis, supern? longitudinaliter

sulcatis, ultimo infra levigato ; apertura subrotundd, peritremate

obtuso, reflexo, superne producto, latere umbilici subsinuato ; um-

bilico parvo. Alt. 0°6; lat. 0°5 poll. Operculum tenue, corneum,

leve.

Of this species, which is very variable in size and colouring, the

first specimens I met with were brought from Manilla by J. K. Smith,

Esq. Mr. Cuming has collected the following varieties, viz.

a. Shell small, light brown, elegantly marbled with dark chestnut-

brown. Found in the earth at the roots of plants at Puerto-galero,

in the island of Mindoro.

b. Shell rather larger than a, of a pale colour, with very slight

dark brown mottlings; apex rosy. From Bai, in the isle of Negros.

c. Nearly similar to 6, but the apex scarcely rosy, Found under

decayed leaves at Piddig, in the province of North Ilocos, island of

Lucon.

d. Shell larger, with a pale band round the circumference, and a

dark one beneath. Found under decayed leaves at Sinait, and in

earth at Bolinao.

e. Shell very darkly coloured, size of d. On leaves of bushes at

Calauang, and on leaves of trees at St. Christoval, in the province of

Batangas.

f. Shell smoother and paler than the other varieties ; apex black-

ish. Found on leaves of bushes at Daleguete, island of Zebu.

g. Shell larger than the other varieties, dark brown, with a white

and brown articulated band close to the suture, and a nearly white

circumferential band. Found on leaves of bushes at the island of

Luban.

CyrcLosTOMA ALTUM.

Cycl. testé acuminato-turritd, crassiusculd, fuscd, levi, tenuissime

striatd, apice obtusiusculo, anfractibus 7 ad 8 rotundatis ; suturd

distinctd, tenui; aperturd circulari, labio subincrassato, reflexo-

patente, duplici, margine externo magis, interno minus expanso,

intiis canali parvd ad basin columellarem munito ; umbilico medi-

ocri extis carind obtusd marginato ; operculo corneo, tenui, multi-

spirali. Long. 1°; lat. 0°3 poll.

Hab. supra truncos arborum in montibus insule Negros, Philip-

pinarum.

This species is remarkable for having a double lip, the inner or

newer portion of which is not quite so much expanded as the outer.

It may be regarded as the first link of affinity, connecting Cyclosto-

ma with Pupina by the intervention of the next species, C. Pupini-

forme.

CyctostomMa PuPiINniIFoRME.

Cycl. testd subcylindrico-turritd, crassiusculd, obscurd, Suscd, levi,

tenuissime striatd, apice subabrupté acuminato, anfractibus senis,

rotundatis, suturd validd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate discon-

tinuo ; labio externo subincrassato, revoluto, flavido, ad basin colu-

mellarem canali angustissimd spirali interrupto ; deindé superne

latiori, demitm supra ultimum anfractum leviter expanso, canali

angustd tenuique inter anfractum ultimum et partem posticam labit

positd; umbilico parvo, carind obtusd marginato, hdcce carind

externam partem canalis angustissime basis columellaris effor-

mante. Long. 0°7; lat. 0°25.

Hab. supra truncos arborum apud 8. Juan provincie Cagayan in-

sule Lucon, Philippinarum.

This species, which is related to the last and to Cycl. tortuosum of

Gray, approaches very nearly to the genus Pupina, appearing to

differ only in having a dull unpolished external surface, while that

of Pupina is extremely brilliant. It proves the genera Cyclostoma

and Pupina to belong to the same family.

The next communication is from Dr. L. Pfeiffer, and contains the

following descriptions of shells belonging to the genera Helix and

Bulimus, also collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands.

Heuix zonirera, Sow. Hel. T. imperforatd, subglobosd, tenui,

Sulvd, zonis variis opacis lutescenti-ulbidis ornatd, obsolet? angu-

latd ; anfractibus 4 convexis, supremis depressis ; columelld pland,

rectd, elongatd ; aperturd lunato-rotundatd, intis nitidd ; peristo-

mate simplici, expanso, albo, cum callo columellari angulatim juncto.

Diam. 1-60; alt. 1:10 poll.

Hab. ins. Leyte.

B. T. tenuissimd, luteo-virente, basi unicolore, ad peripheriam fascia

latd nigricante et angustiore albidd, superne fasciis pluribus albidis

interruptis ornatd.

Hab. ins. Leyte.

y. T. rufo-nigricante, fasciis variis sordid? albidis.

Hab. ins. Samar.

6. T. crassiusculd, cinnamomed, Fasciis lutescenti-albidis.

Hab. ins. Samar.

Differt ab H. pulcherrimd, cui valde affinis, spira depressa, anfractu

ultimo minus inflato, et columell4 neque excavata neque dentata.

Heuix Norrisur, Sow. Hel. T. imperforatd, globoso-depressd, so-

lidd, glabrd, fulvo-citrind, zonis opacis candidis et infra suturam

maculis irregularibus albis notaté ; spird semiglobosd ; anfractibus

44 convevis, ultimo ad columellam subexcavato ; columella latd,

albo-callosd, arcuatim prolongatd ; aperturd fere orbiculari, intas

lacted ; peristomate crasso, latissim? expanso.

Diam. 1°80; alt. 1°15 poll.

Hab. insula Lugon, ad Montem Triga.

Species intermedia inter H. pulcherrimam et zoniferam, ab illd

spira depressa et columella arcuata, ab alter columella excavata, nec

angulata diversa.

Heuix tuzonica, Sow. Hel. T. imperforatd, conico-globosd, cras-

siusculd, oblique striatd, rufd, apice sanguined, epidermide liberd

Sere omnino tectd, medio Sascid lata albidd ornato ; spird conoided ;

anfractibus 5—5% conveviusculis; columella obliqud, dilatatd,

tuberculosd ; aperturd lunato-orbiculari, intits lacted 3 peristomate

incrassato, late reflexo, albo vel purpureo lat? limbato.

Diam. 1°60; lat. 1°15 poll.

Hab. Provincia Cagayan insule Lucon.

Differt ab H. pulcherrimd testa crassa, conoidea, anfractibus plu-

ribus et sensim accrescentibus, columella vix excavata et labro in-

crassato.

Hexrx Minpanaznsis, Sow. Hel. T. imperforatd, globoso-conicd,

solidd, oblique rugoso-striatd, apice obtuso, pallida, luteo-fuscd,

opacd, maculis variis rufis pellucidis ornatd ; spird conoided ; an-

Sractibus 45 converiusculis, ultimo medio obtus? angulato, infra

angulum fascia latd, hydrophand, albidd signato ; columella lividd,

subrecté descendente, medio subintortd ; apertura tetragono-ovatd,

intis plumbed ; peristomate subincrassato, parim reflezo, livido-

fusco, margine supero arcuatim dilatato.

Diam. 2°20; alt. 1°65 poll.

Hab. insula Mindanao.

Forma et magnitudo sicut H, Pan. Differt anfractu ultimo angu-

lato, colore et forma columelle et aperture. Ab H. Harfordii differt

form& conicé, maculis non hydrophanis, sed in ipsa testa positis, et

margine dextro aperture sinuato. ;

Hexix carsonariA, Sow. Hel.T. imperforatd, subtrochiformi, levi,

purpureo-nigricante, epidermide fuscd, hydrophand, oblique strigatd,

apice rubrd vel violaced ; suturd lineart ; anfractibus 5 planiusculis,

ultimo carinato, basi plano; columelld subrectd, dilatatd, fusci-

duld ; aperturd subtetragond, intis lividd ; peristomate simplici,

vix incrassato.

Diam. 1°20; altit. 0°95 poll.

Hab. Insula Zebu. ‘ Daleguete.’

Variat carina obtusiore, basi convexiore.

Hexrx (Carocouza) Panayensis, Brod. Hel. T. imperforatd, de-

pressd, orbiculari, carinatd, crassiusculd, superne griseo-fuscd, mi-

nutissime granulatd, basi radiatim striatd, nitidissimd, olivaced ;

spird depresso-conoided ; anfractibus 6 planulatis, ultimo non de-

flexo ; aperturd angulato-lunari, intis albidd ; peristomate superneé

simplict, bast incrassato, ad columellam expansiusculo.

Diam. 1°60; altit. 0°85 poll.

Hab. Insula Panay. ‘ Dingle.’

Var. (Cagayan ins. Lucon). Spird elatiore, anfractibus ultimis tu-

midis, superné saturate rufa, basi nigricans, deorsiim pallescens.

Hexrx Moricann1, Sow. Hel. T. umbilicatd, semiglobosd, basi pla-

niusculd, nitidd, albido-flava, fasciis rufis 2-3-cinetd ; anfractibus

54 convevis, ultimo margine deztro subitd deflexo ; umbilico an-

gusto, pervio ; aperturd transverse pyriformi, basi paralleld ; pe-

ristomate connexo, margine superiore expanso, basali late reflexo,

ad basin dente unico crasso instructo.

Diam. 1°35; altit. 0°70 poll.

Hab. Insula Bohol. ‘ Jacna.’

Differt ab H. zonali, Fér., cui persimilis, basi plana, aperture

parte suprema deflexa, indé horizontali, et marginibus peristomatis

junctis.

Hetrx saGitTirERA, Pfr.an Nanina? Hel. T. subperforatd, tenui,

pellucidd, oblique striatd et obsolete rugosa, fulvd, maculis seriatis

sagittiformibus et ad carinam obsoletam fascia unicd rufa ornata ;

suturd impressd, ad anfractum ultimum subcanaliculata ; anfrac-

tibus 44 planiusculis, ultimo inflato ; apertura perobliqud, lunato-

ovatd, intis lacted ; peristomate simplici, ad columellam sub-

incrassato, vix reflero, margine superiore deflexo.

Diam. 2; altit. 1°10 poll.

Hab. Sinait insule Lugon.

Affinis H. Lamarckiane, Lea. Differt forma minus depressa, an-

fractibus spire lenté crescentibus, ultimo vix carinato, et colore.

Varietas: testa distincté carinaté, superné intensé rufa, infra

carinam fascia nigricante diluta circumdata, basi olivaceo-fulva,

maculis sagittiformibus obsoletis.—Bolinao insule Luc¢on.

Heuix rutvipa, Pfr.an Nanina? Hel. T. subperforatd, subglobosa,

tenui, pellucida, pallide fulvescente, superne confertissimé et mi-

nutissime granulosd, basi glabrd, nitidé ; spira elatd ; anfractibus

5g, supremis planis, 14 ultimis rotundatis ; aperturd lunari ; pe-

ristomate simplici, margine columellari subincrassato, ad perfora-

tionem obsoletam reflexo.

Diam. 1°25; altit. 0-85 poll.

Hab. Insula Mindanao.

Hexix Janus, Chemn. xi. 3016. 17.—Helicella, Fér. pr. 233.—An

Nanina? Hel. T. sinistrorsd, perforatd, orbiculari, tenui, dia-

phand, oblique regulariter et confertim striatd, supern? fuscd, basi

convexd, rufa, nitidiusculd ; spird laté depresso-conoided ; unfrac-

tibus 7 planulatis, ultimo carinato ; apertura lunari; peristomate

tenui, acuto, margine columellari reflexiusculo.

Diam. 1°30 ; altit. 0°80 poll.

Hab. in monte Ophir, peninsule Malaccane.

H. Mackensiana, Saul in Revue Zool. 1841, p. 347, eadem esse

videtur.

Hewix porpuyria, Pfr. an Nanina? Hel. T. perforatd, depressd,

solidd, oblique rugoso-striatd, rufa, maculis et strigis creberrimis,

flavido-albidis subprominulis marmoratd, carinatd, infra carinam

rufo-fasciatd, basi olivaceo-fulvd, nitidiore ; anfractibus 44 pla-

nulatis, regulariter crescentibus, ultimo circa perforationem aper-

tam excavato ; aperturd subrhombed ; peristomate simplici, tenui,

_ margine columellari arcuatim reflexo.

Diam. 1°80; altit. 1:00 poll.

Hab, Insula Burias.

-HerixSamarensts, Pfr. Hel.T. umbilicatd, depresso-conoided, tenui,

oblique striatuld, fulvido-albd, fasciis rufis ornatd ; basi planulata ;

suturd lineari ; anfractibus 44 planiusculis, ultimo basi subcari-

nato ; umbilico angusto, pervio; aperturd horizontali, ellipticd ;

peristomate simplici, margine supero expanso, basali laté reflexo,

edentulo.

Diam. 0°90; altit. 0°50 poll.

Hab. Insula Samar.

Heuix Burweri, Pfr. Hel. T. imperforatd, globosd, tenui, levi,

apice obiuso alba ; spird semiglobosd ; suturd mediocri ; anfrac-

tibus 41 planiusculis, ultimo inflato, pallidé lutescente, lineis par-

vis confertis, crispulis vel interruptis ornatdé ; columella subrectd,

lata, profunde intrante ; apertura rotundato-lunatd ; peristomate

simplici, vie expanso.

Diam. 1-25; altit. 1-00 poll.

Hab. Mountains of the Igorrotes.—Forma affinis H. versicolori

Bornii.

Hexrx Becgrana, Pfr. Hel. T. umbilicaté, orbiculari, tenui, oblique

striata, fuscd, vie nitiduld ; spird parim elatd ; suturd lineari ;

anfractibus 6 planiusculis, ultimo deflero, ad peripheriam angu-

lato; angulo ad aperturam obsoleto ; basi planiusculd ; umbilico

mediocri, pervio ; aperturd fer horizontali, subtrapezoidali ; pe-

ristomate simplici, margine columellari brevi, basali reflexo, quasi

in tuberculum incrassato.

Diam. 0°85 ; altit. 0-40 poll_—Nnueva Ecija.

Hexrx Cuminett, Pfr. Hel. T. imperforatd, depressd, obtuse subca-

rinatd, apice violaceo, obtusd, oblique striatd, nigricanti-rufa, epi-

dermide rufd, superne maculis irregularibus, basi fasciis multis

stramineo-cinereis ornatd ; anfractibus 4, supremis planiusculis,

ultimo subinflato ; columella recté descendente, laté callosd ; aper-

turd latd, subquadrangulari ; peristomate late expanso, margine

inferiore incrassato.

Diam. 1°60; altit. 0°90 poll.

Hab. Insula Zebu.—Affinis H. Zebuensi, Brod.

Heuix scropicunata, Pfr. Hel. T. umbilicatd, lenticulari, tenui, ob-

lique rugosd, fulvido-albidd, fusco-zonatd, carinata ; spird parim

elata, apice obtuso nitidd, glabra ; suturd lineari; anfractibus 44

convexiusculis, ultimo deflexo ; carind subacutd ; umbilico angusto,

pervio; apertura transverse pyriformi; peristomate simplici,

continuo, superne expanso, basi late reflero, unidentato ; dente ob-

tuso, extus scrobiculum formante.

Diam. 1°15; altit. 0°45 poll.

Hab. Insula Bohol.

Affinis H. rote, spira elatiore, carina simplici, subacuta, et costis

deficientibus diversa. |

Buuimus BREVicuLvs, Pfr. Bul. T. imperforatd, ovatd, apice obiuso,

oblique obsolete striatd, nitidd, albd, epidermide lutescente decidud

obductd ; anfractibus 6 angustis, convexiusculis ; columella sub-

rectd, in laminam tenuem expansd; aperturd perobliqud, trans-

verse semiovali ; peristomate simplici, expanso.

Long. 1°15 ; diam. 0°75 poll.

Hab. Insula Romblon.

Affinis Bulimo stabili, Sow., forma abbreviata, anfractibus cor-

vexiusculis et apertura diversis.

Buiimus Cumineu, Pfr. Bul. T. imperforatd, ovatd, tenuissimd,

oblique striatuld, pellucida, albido-virente, ad suturam lined rufa

circumdatd ; anfractibus 44 conveciusculis, ultimo obsoleté angu-

lato, spiram pauld superante ; columellé plund, subexcavatd, fusca ;

apertura lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, margine dextro late

expanso, basali subreflexo.

Long. 1°35; diam. 0°95 poll.

Hab. Insula Camiguing.

Buuimus tienarivs, Pfr. Bul. T. imperforatd, conoideo-globosda, so-

lidd, oblique striatd, subepidermide lignaria nitideé nigricante, sur-

sim pallescente, apice obtusiusculo, nitide fulvo ; spird conoidea ;

anfractibus 5 convexis, ultimo spira pauld breviore ; columella

subrectd, extrorsim lat? expansd, fusco-plumbed ; aperturd lunato-

ovali, intits nitide cerulescente ; pertstomate simplici, reflexo,

saturate plumbeo, margine dextro valde arcuato.

Long. 3°05; diam. 2°20 poll.

Hab. Provincia Cagayan insule Lucon.

a. Fere unicolor, epidermide pallidd, saturatius strigatd, fascia

unicd angustd, nigrd supra, latiore albidd infra medium anfractus

ultimi.

8. Epidermide albo-strigatd, fasciis pluribus angustis nigricanti-

rufis, unicd latiore albidd infra medium anfractus ultimi.

y. Minor, spira subelongata ; color sicut in a.

Buximvus suetans, Pfr. Bul T. imperforatd, elongato-globosd, apice

obtuso, solidiusculd, obliqué distincté striata, unicolore, rufa ; an-

fractibus 5 conveais, ultimo spiram equante ; columella lata, alba,

introrsim arcuatim prominente ; aperturd magna, irregulariter

subovali, ad basin columella sinuatd, intis pallide livida ; peristo-

mate vie reflexo, rufo-marginato.

Long. 2°20; diam. 1°50 poll.

Hab. ‘ Mountains of Igorrotes.’

Buuimus Nympua, Pfr. (Achatina?) Bul. T. ovato-turritd, solidius-

culd, levi, sulphured, epidermide hydrophand, ligned crebre et late

strigatd, lined suturali rufa et ared columellart nigricante ornata ;

apice obtuso, nitide roseo ; anfractibus 6 vir convexiusculis, ultimo

1 longitudinis equante, obsolete angulato ; columella recta, pland,

vie truncatuld ; apertura magnd, ovali, intds alba ; peristomate

subsimplici, albo, margine dextro valdé arcuato.

Long. 2°00; diam. 0°95 poll.

Hab. Insula Lucon, ‘ San Miguel.’

Var. Testa rufa, sursim pallescente, apice roseo ; epidermide al-

bida, peristomate rufo. Mt. Triga.

Differt a Bulimo (Achatina) Boholensi forma ventricosiore, anfractu

ultimo brevi, apertura lata, peristomate non expanso.

A he: ey Gh:

fae i Fi ee

thy MSA) bee ax De

antl Me Se se

July 12, 1842.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

The following ‘‘ Descriptions of two new species of Oniscia, a

genus of pectinibranchiate Mollusks,’’ communicated by Mr. Lovell

Reeve, was read.

Oniscra Dennisoni. Onisc. testa trigono-ovatd, decussatim costatd,

costis tuberculo sqguamdve ad juncturas instructis ; anfractibus su-

perne angulatis, superficie alba, fusco-maculosd, leviter striatd ;

labro columellari rutilo, albo-granuloso, latissimé effuso ; labro ex-

terno valde incrassato, interné denticulis albis irregulariter ornato.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. il. pl. 253. f. 5 and 6.

Hab. ?

Long. 2; lat. 14); poll.

In dedicating this very chaste and beautiful shell to its fortunate

possessor, J. Dennison, Esq., we memorize the name of a gentleman

whose collection is perhaps unequalled in excellency and preserva-

tion. The very rare and valuable specimen before us is closely allied

to the Oniscia cancellata (Cassidaria cancellata, Lamarck), so much

so indeed that we at first hesitated to consider it a distinct species ;

the rich and rosy appearance of the columellar lip is, however, re-

markable, and as this part of the shell exhibits its chief generic cha-

racter, may not so decided a variation of it be considered of specific

importance ?

Onisc1a StRompBirormis. Onisc. testd trigono-pyriformi, albd,

transversim irregulariter costatd et nodosd ; anfractibus superne

angulatis, angulis valde nodosis ; labro columellari albo, granuloso,

leviter effuso ; labro externo denticulato.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 253. f. 1.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

Long. 7; lat. J poll.

An interesting small species, figured in ‘Conch. Syst.’ together

with the former, and which appears to be very distinct from any

hitherto described.

A collection of skins, procured by the Honourable Charles Murray

during his travels in North America, and presented to the Society

by that gentleman, were exhibited. Among these was a curious

yellow variety of the Grisly Bear,—Ursus feror, Lewis and Clark.

A series of birds’ skins, being the remaining portion of the collec-

tion presented by Walter Ewer, Esq., part of which was exhibited at

the previous meeting, was laid on the table. These birds were col-

lected in the north-western province of the Bengal presidency, in

No. CXIV.—Procrepines oF THE ZooLocica Soctery.

north latitude 29° to 31°, and east longitude 77° to 80°, and are

chiefly inhabitants of the plain. Mr. Ewer, however, observes, that

there are perhaps also a few from the Himalaya mountains in the

collection.

The following is a list of the species :—

Neophron percnopterus, Temm.

Halaétus Macei.

Ponticerianus.

Circaétus brachydactylus, Vieill.

Aquila Vindhiana, Frankl.

Morphnus cristatellus.

Astur Hyder, Sykes.

Accipiter nisus.

Falco Chicquera, Lath.

Circus rufus, Briss.

pallidus, Sykes.

Elanus melanopterus, Leach.

Milvus Cheele.

Ketupa Leschenaulti, Less.

Merops Philippinus, Linn.

viridis, Linn.

Hirundo filifera, Steph.

riparia? Linn.

Halcyon Smyrnensis, Linn.

Alcedo rudis, Linn.

Bengalensis.

Collurio erythronotus, Vig.

Lahtora, Sykes.

Phenicornis peregrina, Vig.

brevirostris, Vig.

rubeculoides, Vig.

Turdus albicollis.

pecilopterus, Vig.

saularis, Auct.

Oriolus Galbula.

Malacocercus striatus, Sw.

Hypsipetes psaroides, Vig.

Ixos cafer.

leucotis, Gould.

Tanthocincla albogularis, Gould.

leucocephala, Gould.

erythrocephala, Gould.

Enicurus maculatus, Vig.

Myophonus Temminchi, Vig.

Megalurus palustris, Sykes?

Anthus Chendoola, Frank).

Pyrrhulauda cruciger.

Sazicola bicolor, Sykes.

Graucalus Papuensis, Cuv.

Phenicura ruticilla, Sw.

Motacilla alba.

Prinia inornata, Sykes.

Timalia hypoleuca, Frankl.

Parus atriceps, Horsf.

Emberiza cristata, Vig.

Pyrgita domestica, Cuv.

Fringilla leuconota, Temm.

Ploceus Philippinus. Cuv.

Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.

Pastor Galla.

Lamprotornis spilopterus, Vig.

Dendrocitta Sinensis, Vig.

vagabunda, Vig.

Garrulus bispecularis, Vig.

lanceolatus, Vig.

striatus, Vig.

Pica erythrorhyncha, Vig.

Nucifraga hemispila, Vig.

Fregilus Graculus, Cuv.

Corvus culminatus, Sykes.

Eudynamys orientalis, V. & H.

Centropus Philippensis, Cuv.

Cirkeer, Gray.

Paleornis torquatus, Vig.

flavicollaris, Frankl.

Picus occipitalis, Vig.

Mahrattensis, Lath.

Bucco caniceps, Frankl.

Philippinensis, Auct.

Yunex Torquilla, Linn.

Sitta castaneoventris, Frankl.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys, Vig.

Phasianus albocristatus, Vig.

Perdix* Chukar, Vig.

Francolinus Pondicerianus.

vulgaris.

Coturnix Cambaiensis.

Pierocles exustus.

Cursorius Coromandelicus.

(Edicnemus crepitans, 'Temm.

Vanellus Goensis, Auct.

cristatus, Meyer.

Keptuschka, Temm.

Gallinago stenurus.

Tringa pugnaz, Linn. Chauliodes strepera, Sw.

Temmincki, Leisler. Querquedula Crecca.

Totanus glottoides, Vig. Tadorna rutila, Steph.

Herodias Gazetta. Anser Indicus, Steph.

Botaurus stellaris, Steph. Mergus albellus, Linn.

Anas pecilorhyncha, Gmel. merganser, Linn.

Dajila acuta, Leach. Podiceps minor, Lath.

Mareca Penelope, Selby. Sterna aurantia, Gray.

Fuligula rufina, Steph. Plotus Levaillanti, Temm.

cristata, Steph. Phalacrocorax Javanica.

Nyroca leucophthalma, Flem. Cormoranus, Temm.

Riynchaspis clypeata, Steph.

An abstract of a letter from E. Blyth, Esq., curator to the mu-

seum at Calcutta, was then read. It contains the following list of

birds, with observations upon them, which are found both in India

and Europe :—

Aquila chrysaétos, Vig. Inhabits the mountains.

Falco peregrinus, Gmel. Inhabits the mountains.

Tinnunculus, Linn. Common.

Pernis apivorus, Auct. Moderately common.

Circus rufus, Auct. Moderately common.

- cyaneus, Auct. Moderately common.

cineraceus, Auct. Moderately common.

Otus brachyotus, Flem. Not rare.

Strix flammea, Linn. Common.

Hirundo rustica, Linn. Found in the Himalayas.

riparia, Linn. Inhabits the Himalayas.

Sazicola Rubetra, Temm. Not uncommon.

rubicola, Temm. Not uncommon.

Sylvia Hippolais, Lath. Not uncommon.

Suecica, Lath. Not uncommon.

Turdus viscivorus, Linn. Inhabits the Himalayas.

Pyrgita domestica, Auct. Very common.

montana, Auct. Inhabits the Himalayas; is found also at

Chusan on the east, and Affghanistan on the west, in both places re-

presenting the house-sparrow.

Corvus pica, Linn Is found, according to report, in Affghanistan.

I have seen the true British species from Chusan. There is a distinct

but nearly allied species at Bootan, which may also be that of Aff-

ghanistan.

Corvus Coraz, Linn. Inhabits the mountains, but not the plains ;

it is there replaced by a smaller species*, often mistaken for the

common raven.

Fregilus Graculus, Selby. Abounds in the Himalayas.

Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. Is seen commonly in the bird-shops at

Calcutta, being brought from the hills.

* Mr. Blyth probably alludes to the species to which Col. Sykes gave

the name culminatus.

Cuculus canorus, Linn. Rare; but the nearly allied species, Cuculus

micropterus of Gould, is less so.

Yunz Torquilla, Linn. Not rare.

Charadrius minor, Meyer. Very common.

Cidicnemus crepitans, Temm. Inhabits the peninsula of India.

Ardea. All the European oes of Heron are to be met with.

Botaurus stellaris, Linn.

Ciconia alba, Ray. Rare.

nigra, Ray. Rare.

Platalea Leucorodia, Linn. Very common.

Ibis Falcinellus, Yemm. Very common.

Numenius arquata, Lath. Common; but the Numenius pheopus

(Lath.) is not found here.

Totanus fuscus, Leisl. Common.

calidris, Bechst. Common.

ochropus, Temm. Not very common.

glareola, Temm. Excessively abundant.

hypoleucos, Temm. Not very common.

Recurvirostra Avocetia, Linn. Not very common.

Himantopus melanopterus, Temm. Very common.

Limosa melanura, Leisl. Very common ; but the Limosa rufa

(Briss.) is not found here.

Scolopax Rusticola, Linn. Abounds in the hills.

Gallinago, Linn. Not rare.

-~— Gallinula, Linn. Not rare.

Tringa pugnax, Linn. Common.

subarquata, Temm. Tolerably common.

Temmincki, Leisl. Very common.

minuta, Leisl. Very common.

Phalaropus platyrhynchus, Temm. Rare.

Tadorna rutila, Steph. Common.

Bellonii, Steph. Very rare.

Anas clypeata, Linn. Moderately common.

Chauliodus Strepera, Swains. Moderately common.

Dafila acuta, Linn. Common.

Querquedula circea. Very common.

Crecca. Very common.

Mareca Penelope, Selb. Not common.

Fuligula rufina, Steph. Very common.

Nyroca, Steph. Very common.

cristata, Steph. Not common.

ferina, Steph. Not common.

July 26, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following memoirs were read :—

“Observations on the Semen and Seminal Tubes of Mammalia and

Birds,” by George Gulliver, F.R.S.

It has long been known that the testicles of Birds become much

enlarged in the spring, and that the same organs of Mammalia are

more or less increased in size at the rutting-season, and in young

animals generally as they become capable of reproduction. Professor

R. Wagner (‘ Physiology,’ translated by Willis, pp. 23 and 27) has

noticed also the enlargement of the seminal tubes of all these animals

at the periods above named; but as I am not aware that we possess

any observations on this head svfticiently numerous and precise to

be useful for reference and comparison, I am induced to submit to

the Society a contribution towards this object, particularly as it ap-

pears to me that the condition of the semen and testicles at different

periods is an interesting inquiry in relation to the habits and economy

of animals.

During winter the coats of the seminal tubes of Birds are tolerably

strong and thick. The increased size of the tubes at the season

of procreation arises from the accumulation of semen within them,

by which their coats are so much distended and attenuated that they

are most easily ruptured, and are much thinner than the correspond-

ing parts of Mammalia are at any time.

In the following table the measurements are all expressed in vul-

gar fractions of an English inch*, and where only one fraction is

given it denotes the average size. With the exceptions dated No-

vember and December, the animals were all examined during the

present year, and, unless noted to the contrary, they were adults.

In Birds the left testicle, which is commonly somewhat larger than

the right, was generally the subject of observation.

Table of Measurements of the Seminal Tubes, and of remarks on the

state of the Semen and Testicles at different seasons.

Date. Name of Animal. Size of Tubes. State of Testes, &c.

—

eb, — 4.|Maryeene2e | icisccccscss.+.c8ese0 1-142 to 1-77 |Scarcely any fluid in tes-

tes. Died of pulmo-

: nary consumption.

Nia vO Ditto pat G" | .scuce sreededeaeh ome 1-150 to 1-78 |Died of chronic pericar-

ditis. No spermatozoa.

* [ take this opportunity of remarking, that all my microscopic measure-

ments have been invariably given in vulgar fractions of an English inch,

however they may have been set up in type for the sake of convenience.

Table (continued).

Date.

Nov.

Dec.

Nov.

Dec.

Aug.

Dec.

July

Oct.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

June

April

14.

17.

10.

Name of Animal. Size of Tubes. State of Testes, &c.

Man, zt. 53 © .s....00 Stace ceaueass 1-150 to 1-80} Died of pericarditis, en-

larged heart, and old

pleuro-pneumonia. A

few spermatozoa in

epididymis.

Ditto, tiy42nsedevscaseosnsrss «ne 1-133 to 1-86 |Died of phthisis. Some

spermatozoa in epidi-

dymis.

DRO ee Late cesta tesces ness scope 1-133 to 1-78 |Died of phthisis. Tubes

filled’ with dark,

round, and very mi-

nute particles; these

chiefly aggregated to-

gether in irregular

masses, and occasion-

ally in the form of

round or oval corpus-

cles with delicate cysts.

No spermatozoa.

Ditto, xt. GO ......seeeeeee yeoeens 1-146 to 1-82 |Died of phthisis. Semi-

nal tubes in the same

condition as the pre-

ceding.

Ditto, zt. 86 ....... cep ewsccwwer ss 1-160 to 1-100)|Died of pneumonia. Had

fatty matter in liver,

lungs, and testes; no

spermatozoa ; tubes in

the same condition as

in the two preceding.

JChild, at. 8 ..cc.ccsecevscsees teense 1-422 Died of pulmonary con-

sumption.

.|Child, zt. 18 months .........08- 1-400 to 1-266/Child puny and emaci-

ated. Died of pneu-

monia.

.|Child, zt. 4 months .......0.... 1-308 Died of tubercles of me-

senteric glands.

.|Child, zt. 6 weeks .......... «.+..|L-333 to 1-230|/Body much emaciated.

Died of prieumonia.

.|Child, still-born ..........65 phot ep 1-307 Well-nourished fcetus;

born at the full period

of utero-gestation.

.|Ditto ...... sectee eecsscesececeesee| 1-363 to 1-210|Foetus weighed 7 lbs.

|Ditto ......66. min iho ses tenne «....{1-800 to 1-222|Foetus weighed 6 lbs.

SIDSELO! 7 .ccctecasdnckes.etesceemessaes 1-400 to 1-266|Weight of foetus 52 lbs.

.|Vespertilio Pipistrellus, Geoff. ..|1-200 to 1-171\Seminal matter contain-

ing abundance of mo-

lecules, but no sper-

matozoa.

.|Erinaceus Enropeus, Linn. ...{| 1-109 to 1-75 |No animalcules. Died

of disease.

./Sorex tetragonurus, Herm. ......| 1-109 to 1-85 |Semen and spermatozoa

very abundant. Many

male shrews found

dead, with marks of

injuries, apparently

from fighting ; and in

Table (continued).

Date. Name of Animal. °

July 16.|Canis familiaris, Zinn. .........

feb. 15.|/Ditto; a still-born puppy ......

Dec. 30./Felis Leo, Linn. (3 years old)...

Nov. 6.|Felis domestica, Briss. (nine

months O]d) ......ceseeeeeves

Oct. 4.j/Arctonyx collaris, J’. Cuv. ....+.

Oct. 15./Ursus Americanus, Pall. ......

Jan. _6.|Mustela vulgaris, Linn. ......+8.

May 20.|Mustela erminea, Linn. .........

April 30.\Cervus Wapiti, Mitch. .........

Jan. 12.|Cervus Elaphus, Linn. ......

Jan. 12.|/Cervus Dama, Zinn. ............

April 6.|Ditto dablese $apssacesuswssns. abe

Jan. 26.|Ditto, foetus 6 inches long ......

March 26./Ditto, 14 inches long ............

June 22./Antilope picta, Pall. ............

Dec. 31.|/Ditto (died a few hours after

}

DITLH) [upaecvevesestecvcencne ve

May 28.|Capra Hircus, Linn. (12 weeks

old)

see weeeeee een eee teeeerene

Size of Tubes.

1-125 to 1-85

1-250

1-200 to 1-150

1-141 to 1-85

1-100 to 1-60

1-200 to 1-125

1-160 to 1-100

1-666 to 1-363

1-333 to 1-285

1-120 to 1-80

1-571 to 1-363

1-266 to 1-171|/Semen containing abun-

1-171 to 1-109)Molecules plentiful in se-

1-120 to 1-80 |Spermatozoa

1-160 to 1-100|Many perfect spermato-

+».|1-117 to 1-105|Perfect spermatozoa very

State of Testes, &c.

all these the testes

were very turgid.

A mongrel. Spermatozoa

abundant.

Died of disease of the

brain. Molecules ab-

undant, and a_ few

cells containing sper-

matozoa.

Spermatozoa plentiful.

Tubes large. Sperma-

tozoa rather plentiful

Some cells and nume-

rous molecules. Died

in confinement.

No spermatozoa. Semi-

nal tubes full of dark-

coloured pulp,in which

were only visible some

altered epithelial cell:

and numerous oily glo-

bules. Died in con-

finement.

men; no spermatozoa.

plentiful ;

scarcely any molecules.

zoa; molecules scanty;

animal 24 months old.

Died of diseased kid-

neys.

abundant; many in

different stages of de-

velopment.

Perfect spermatozoa very

numerous; many in

cells,

Spermatozoa abundant ;

none in cells,

Tubes full of corpuscles

about 1-2800th of an

inch in diameter: no

molecules.

Ditto.

Semen and spermatozoa

abundant.

Contents of tubes as in

other immature ani-

mals.

dance of molecules,

and rudimentary sper-

matozoa in cells.

Jan.

Nov.

Feb.

May

March 16.

Feb.

March 18.

April 27.

April

Jan.

iFeb.

March

|Ovis Aries, Linn. (just born) ...

.|\Camelus Dromedarius, Zinn. ...

.|Sciurus vulgaris, Linn.

.|Lepus cuniculus, Linn. ........ 1-150 to 1-92

.|Mus decumanus, Zinn.

.|Ditto, two-thirds grown

.|Ditto

.|Mus musculus, Linn. ....0.-..00.

.|Ditto, three-fourths grown

25.

ride

Table (continued).

Name of Animal. Size of Tubes.

1-571

1-120 to 1-75

1-120 to 1-60

ee eeeeee

Spe 70." 1-46 to 1-42

1-120 to 1-109

1-155 to 1-120

1-80 to 1-66

1-120 to 1-86

ate eeeeee

ditto

.|Ditto (blind sucking young one).|1-400 to 1-222

Strix flammea, Zinn, ........- .».| 1-230 to 1-138

Corvus frugilegus, Linn.......... 1-75 to 1-46

State of Testes, &c.

Tubes very small.

Died of dropsy. Sperma-

tozoa plentiful; some

rudimentary iu cells,

with corpuscles; mo-

lecules scanty.

A few spermatozoa.

But few spermatozoa.

Spermatozoa very abun-

dant ; tubes large.

No spermatozoa.

Ditto.

Spermatozoa abundant.

A few free spermatozoa ;

a great number imma-

ture in cells; mole-

cules pretty abundant.

Died in confinement.

Testis one-third of an

inch long and one-

tenth broad.

Testis one inch long and

three-fourths broad ;

semen andanimalcules

very abundant; no

molecules.

Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. ......... 1-250 to 1-166|Testis black, one-fifth of

Philomela luscinia, Sw. ......... 1-75 to 1-60

Sylvia Phragmitis, Bechst. ...... 1-68

Fringilla domestica, Linn. ...... 1-333 to 1-222

Stsrerwosandcesvenccse eeeceene 1-250 to 1-200

1-166 to 1-109

ereee et rere re reee ei eer eres!

1-80 to 1-50 -

an inch long and one-

eighth broad; no sper-

matozoa; molecules

very abundant.

Testis brownish white,

three-fourths of an

inch long and four-

tenths broad; sperma-

tozoa abundant; no

molecules.

Testis one-fourth of an

inch long and one-fifth

broad, containing a

little black pigment ;

spermatozoa abundant.

Spermatozoa abundant;

testis same size as the

Nightingale’s.

Testis one-twelfth of an

inch in diameter; no

spermatozoa.

Testis one-twelfth of an

inch in diameter; no

spermatozoa; many

molecules.

Testis one-seventh of an

inch long and one-

tenth broad; nume-

rous cells, about 1-

Table (continued).

Date. Name of Animal. Size of Tubes. State of Testes, &c.

1000th of an inch in

diameter ; great abun-

dance of molecules; no

perfect spermatozoa.

May _3.|Fringilla domestica, Linn. ......| 1-80 to 1-66 |Testis one-third of an

inch iong and one-

fourth broad ; sperma-

tozoa plentiful ; mole-

cules not abundant.

Feb. 28.|Fringilla Coelebs, Linn. ......... 1-90 to 1-71 |Testis one-tenth of an

inch in diameter ; nu-

merous cells contain-

ing rudimentary sper-

matozoa, but none per-

fect; molecules very

numerous.

May 4./Emberiza Citrinella, Linn.......| 1-80 to J-60 |Testis one-third of an

3 inch long and one-

fourth broad, contain-

ing a little yellow pig-

ment; spermatozoa

very numerous; mole-

cules not abundant.

May 22./Cuculus canorus, Linn. .,.......| 1-100 to 1-66 |Testis one-fifth of an inch

in diameter, of an in-

tense yellow colour;

numerous _ staff-like

bodies in semen 1-

2666th of an inch long

and 1-25,000th broad.

Died in confinement.

Nov. 26.|Picus minor, Linn. ...........+++.|1-571 to 1-363/Testis size of a rape-

seed; no spermatozoa

or molecules.

May 31./Cypselus Apus, Flem. ..........+ 1-150 to 1-100)Testis one-third of an

inch long and one-fifth

broad; spermatozoa

numerous; molecules

scanty.

Dec. 5./Columba Livia, Briss. ......... 1-444 to 1-285/Testis about as big as a

hemp-seed ; no sper-

matozoa ; a few mole-

cules.

May 12.|Sterna Hirundo, Linn. ......... 1-240 to 1-200|Testis one-tenth of an

inch in diameter; no

spermatozoa; mole-

cules plentiful.

Molecules of the Semen.—The molecules mentioned in the prece-

ding table are minute, smooth, circular particles, much resembling,

both in chemical and physical characters, the “minute oil-like

spherules” which I have depicted in the juice of the supra-renal

bodies (Appendix to Gerber’s Anatomy, p.103). The “ minute shi-

ning globules and smaller molecules,’ described by Professor R.

100

Wagner in the semen of some Mammalia, and the “ apparently

spherical and dense particles” observed by Dr. Davy (Researches,

Physiological and Anatomical, vol. i. p. 332) in the fluid of the hu-

man testicle, and which particles he conjectures may be the ova of

the spermatozoa, are perhaps identical with the molecules of the

semen. They are commonly rather smaller than the particles of the

supra-renal gland. I have made many measurements of the mole-

cules of the semen, and find them generally to be 1-20,000th of an

inch in diameter, but almost always varying from 1-35,000th to

1-8000th, and of course not at all approaching in size and other re-

spects to the well-known corpuscles and cells of the semen. The

molecules, especially those of larger size, refract the light strongly ;

the smaller ones appear dark and opake in the centre when the

focus of the object-glass is elongated, and bright and transparent

when the focus is shortened; while the smallest of all, like those

of the supra-renal gland, often seem quite black or opake, and ex-

hibit very lively vibratory motions, particularly when diluted with

water or acetic acid.

That the molecules are connected with the perfecting of the se-

men, would appear from the fact that they are most abundant in

birds and reptiles when the testicles begin to enlarge, and either

wholly disappear or become scanty as soon as the testicles are per-

fectly ripe and the spermatozoa most completely evolved. But very

minute vibratory particles are often observable in the seminal tubes

of foetal animals.

The figure of the molecules, like that of many other particles

equally small, is apparently spherical, and, as already mentioned,

they may present either a dark or bright central spot. But, as no-

ticed in the Atlas to Gerber’s Anatomy, p. 59, it is difficult to de-

termine the exact shape of particles so exceedingly minute ; and the

elaborate researches of Dr. Barry (Phil. Trans. 1841, part 2) have

rendered it probable that some of the particles which I have formerly

mentioned (Appendix to Gerber’s Anatomy, and London Medical

Gazette for May and November, 1839) as ‘‘ minute spherules” and

‘* spherical molecules,” are in reality discs.

Pigment.—In the foregoing table the black and yellow colour of

the testicles of certain birds is noticed. I have carefully examined

the black matter of the starling’s testicles, and found it to be com-

posed of very distinct pigmentary ramifications, made up of most

minute particles, many of which, when floating in the field of vision,

exhibit exceedingly active motions. In the winter the testicles are

quite black, and the pigment, perhaps from the small size of the

tubes, seems to be contained within them; but when the testicles

are enlarged in the spring, they present a lighter or brownish white

colour, from the accumulation of semen, and the pigmentary ramifi-

cations are evidently situated in or close to the coats of the tubes,

the boundaries of which may be easily seen with a common hand-

lens to be marked out by the black pigmentary dots.

Spermatozoa of the Cervide and Camelide.—Professor Wagner

(Physiology, by Willis, p. 34) regards the spermatozoa as essential

101

elements of the seminal fluid ; and that the spermatozoa are essential

to prolific semen seems now to be generally allowed. IJ merely

mention the subject in connection with the statement of Sir Everard

Home (Lectures on Comp. Anat., vol. v.; well commented on in

Dr. Davy’s Researches, vol. i. p. 339), that the seminal animalcules

have no real existence, and especially that he and Mr. Bauer had

searched for them in vain, and with the best instruments and oppor-

tunities, in the seminal fluid of the fallow deer during the season of

the rut.

I now exhibit to the Society drawings of the spermatozoa-of the

fallow deer, wapiti, and red deer, and shall be happy to show my

preparations of the animalcules to any one who may be curious

about them. I have repeatedly had opportunities of examining the

spermatozoa of the fallow deer, and though they are most abundant

at the time of the rut, they may be found commonly enough at other

seasons. After the rut was passed in January and February, I found

the spermatozoa plentiful in the red and fallow deer at Windsor.

The animalcules were even then in various stages of development ;

some coiled up two or three together, in cells, with granular matter ;

others were still more rudimentary; many appeared just ready to

escape from the cells, while a still greater number were free and

lively in the seminal canals. In the body of the spermatozoon of the

red deer there is occasionally an appearance of internal granules or

vesicles, as shown in the drawing. ,

As the Camelide, like the oviparous Vertebrata, have oval blood-

corpuscles, it was interesting to ascertain the form of the sperma-

tozoa of this ruminant family. In the dromedary I found that the

seminal animalcules were much like those of other Mammalia, and

so nearly resembling the animalcules of the Cervide, that there was

a difference only uf size, the spermatozoa of the dromedary being

slightly smaller than those of the deer.

Chemical characters of the spermatozoa.—It is remarkable that the

spermatozoa of Mammalia are but little or not at all affected by

many chemical agents which quickly act on various other animal

matters. These spermatozoa preserve their form and appearance

when treated severally with nitric, muriatic, acetic, oxalic, tartaric

and citric acids ; with concentrated solutions of earthy, alkaline, and

metallic salts; and with liquid ammonia.

But the spiral spermatozoa of birds are quickly dissolved, destroyed,

or reduced to the most minute particles, by the acetic and other

vegetable acids, while these animalcules are not much affected by

muriatic acid, nor by caustic ammonia and saline solutions. Yet the

cylindrical or club-shaped spermatozoa of birds are more nearly

allied in chemical characters to the spermatozoa of Mammalia. The

seminal animalcules of the common swift (Cypselus Apus), for exam-

ple, remain perfectly entire and distinct after having been subjected

to the action of citric or acetic acid. It may be incidentally men-

tioned that the spermatozoa of the snake (Natrix torquata) are not

affected by acetic acid.

The matter in the seminal canals of Mammalia and Birds, when it

102

contains plenty of corpuscles, of which indeed it is almost entirely

made up in immature animals, from the embryo upwards, is rendered

ropy by alkalies and by saline solutions. This action of these solu-

tions, which is very remarkable on all animal fluids containing a great

quantity of fresh primary or isolated cells, appears to take place from

the effect on them of the reagents, as I have elsewhere described

with respect to the lymph-globules (Gerber’s Anatomy, Appendix,

pp- 91, 96, and 97). In some recent experiments, however, these

globules were not destroyed, but only a little misshapen or made

rather fainter, after having been kept some days in solutions of mu-

riate of ammonia and other salts.

“Descriptions of new species of Delphinula, a genus of Pectini-

branchiate Mollusks (Family Turbinacea),” by Mr. Lovell Reeve.

DeLrHINuLA Tyria. Delph. testa subdiscoided, squamed, an-

Sractibus argenteo-albis, superné et inferne Tyrio-purpureis, laxé

convolutis, umbilicum levem lacco-purpureum formantibus, an-

gulatis, squamis minutis, in seriebus parallelis dispositis, tota-

liter tectis ; angulo serie unica majore funiculato ; spird depresso-

plana.

Icones Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. il. pl. 211. f. 6.

Long. 23; lat. 13. Mus. Cuming, &c.

Hab. Ad oras Nove Hollandiz.

This is the first discovered large species of Delphinula that is abso-

lutely destitute of spines or nodules. The surface of the shell, which

is entirely covered with small scales ranged in parallel series, is of

clear silvery white; the upper and lower portions of the whorls are

tinged with a rich Tyrian purple, and the umbilicus, which is smooth,

is of a lighter lake purple.

DELPHINULA IMPERIALIS. Delph. testé subdiscoided spinifera

et squameo-liraté, anfractibus olivaceo-viridibus, ultimo pal-

lidé purpureo, laxé convolutis, umbilicum amplum formantibus,

subangulatis, angulo spinis gracillimis, sywameformibus, nigris,

superné inflexis, coronato ; anfractuum parte altera spinis bre-

vioribus, contrarié inflexis, in seriebus dispositis, interstitits

squamis nigris, minutis sigillatim impositis, ornatis ; spirda

depresso-concavd.

Delphinula melanacantha, Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 211. f. 4.

and pl. 212. f. 10.

Long. 21; lat. 12in. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. Ad insulam Mindanao, Philippinarum.

A magnificent specimen of this remarkable shell was dredged up

by Mr. Cuming in fathoms’ water at , one of the Philip-

pine Islands, and we need only refer to our figures of it in the ‘ Con-

chologia Systematica,’ in addition to the above description, to show

how distinct is this species from any other of the genus. The shell

is of a palish-green colour towards the apex, but the last whorl is

purple and elegantly surmounted with a row of tall, black, slender,

scale-like spines, bending over towards the point of the spire. Be-

103

low these are five other distinct rows of black spines; they are,

however, shorter, and bend the contrary way, whilst the entire sur-

face of the shell is ornamented with a number of very fine ridges of

minute scales. We gladly avail ourselves of the opportunity of re-

storing to this shell the name by which it is commonly known

amongst collectors, though not hitherto published.

Devruinuta incisa. Delph. testd globoso-discoided, liris pur-

pureis angustis, subflexuosis, interstitiis albis profunde incisis,

totaliter tecté ; anfractibus tubereulis grandibus, complicatis, di-

stantibus, in seriebus duabus dispositis, ornatis ; aperturd rotun-

dd, margine inferiori lacunatd ; spird depresso-pland.

Icon. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 212. f. 11.

Long. 1,9,; lat. 15 in. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. Ad insulam Burias, Philippinarum.

This shell, which we believe to be at present unique, in the col-

lection of Hugh Cuming, Esq., is well-characterized, by having a

double row of large, pinched, stunted tubercles; and the tubercles,

as well as the entire surface of the shell, is covered with a number

of purple flexuous ridges, the interstices being white and unusually

deeply cut.

DetpHiInuLta Formosa. Delph. testéd rotunda subdiscoided, le-

vitér nodiferd, aureo-ochraced, cocceo-tinctd, anfractibus peran-

gulatis, angulo squamis grandibus, triangularibus valdé compres-

sis, coronato ; anfractuum parte inferiort sguamarum minorum

seriebus duabus, squamulisque ochraceo-coccineis minutis in se-

riebus parallelis, subflexuosis, dispositis, ornatd ; umbilico amplo

purpureo-lacco vivide colorato ; spird plano-convexd.

Icon. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 212. f. 9.

Long. 1,3,; lat. 1 in. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. Ad insulam Capul Philippinarum.

A very richly-coloured shell, found by Hugh Cuming, Esq., at

Capul, one of the Philippine Islands, in seven fathoms’ water. The

upper portions of the whorls are clothed with a rich golden yellow

colour, deeply tinged with scarlet or crimson; the lower part of the

whorls are of a peculiarly soft white, and the umbilicus in all the

specimens we have seen is coloured with a deep purple lake, entirely

free from any indication of the yellow that ornaments the obverse

portion of the shell.

DELPHINULA ACULEATA. Delph. testé subdiscoided, aculeata,

albidd, anfractibus perangulatis, angulo spinis squameformibus

flecuosis, dorsim coccinets, coronato, anfractuum parte inferiori

spinarum seriebus duabus, aculeolisque squamaformibus in

seriebus parallelis dispositis, ornatd ; spird depresso-pland.

Icon. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 212. f. 8.

Long. 1,1; lat. <% in. Mus. Cuming.

Hab. Ad insulam Ticao Philippinarum.

This shell is not much unlike that of the preceding species ; it dif-

fers, however, in having the angle of the outer whorl crowned with

104

a row of irregular, thin, flexuous, scale-like spines, the back of each

being ornamented with scarlet, the only portion of colour in the

shell ; the surface is remarkable in being covered with a number of

sharp prickles, particularly within and around the umbilicus.

Mr. Reeve also described a new species of the genus Murez.

Murex Stainrortuit. Mur. testd subsolidd, globoso-ovatd vix

fusiformi, multivaricosd, superficie pallido-aurantia, epidermide

tenut indutd, transversim liratd, liris fusco-lineatis ; spird bre-

viusculd, apice subobtuso ; anfractibus quinque, suturis indistinc-

tis; anfractu ultimo varicibus octo ornato, ceteris, varicibus

decorticatis, feré obsoletis ; varicibus per totam longitudinem den-

sissimeé frondosis, frondibus acutissimis, recurvis ; canali brevi,

latiusculo ; apertura rotundd, fauce crenulatd, politd, utrinque

vivide aurantid.

Long. 2,; lat. 15 im. Mus. Inwood.

Hab. ago

The very beautiful and characteristic shell above described has

been handed to us by its fortunate possessor, Henry Inwood, Esq.,

accompanied with a request that it be named in honour of one of our

most assiduous collectors, the Rev. Mr. Stainforth. And it is with

no little pleasure that we have executed the task; for a shell more

chaste in its colour and development, or more striking in its specific

character, we do not remember to have seen. It is of a solid and

somewhat globose structure, and is profusely ornamented with va-

rices; there are eight distinct varices on the last whorl, and the re-

mains of a similar number are visible on each of the former; but in

the specimen before us, and which we believe to be unique, they are

so decorticated as to have become almost obsolete. Each varix ap-

pears to have been formed by the sudden development of a number

of coatings laid successively one upon the other. The edge of each

of these coatings is then ornamented with a row of fine prickly

branches, recurved back over the shell, and they only remain perfect

to the last coating in consequence of those of the previous or under

coatings having been necessarily in part removed or absorbed ; unless

indeed the under coatings are too rapidly developed, the one over

the other, to allow of their marginal branches attaining the regularity

and beauty of the last. The varix altogether has thus the appear-

ance of being thickly studded from top to bottom with these delicate

prickles : so delicately indeed are they formed, that it is only on the

last or marginal varix of the shell that they remain in perfect order ;

in tracing them back round the body whorl, they may be observed

to have become gradually more and more eroded. Should a speci-

men of this shell be found with all the varices in the same beautiful

order as the marginal varix in this, it would indeed be “fair to look

upon.” ‘The canal is rather short; the outer lip is strongly crenu-

lated, and the crenule extend within the mouth of the shell, the

whole of them, together with the broad columella, being covered

with a highly polished orange enamel.

105

A letter from George Robert Gray, Esq., addressed to the Curator,

was next read. This letter refers to the members of J. E. Gray’s genus

Tetraogallus, or Mountain Partridge, a rare species of which is at

present in the Society’s menagerie, having been brought from North-

ern Persia, and presented to the Society by E. W. Bonham, Esq.,

H.B.M. Consul at Tabrez. Mr. G. R. Gray is of opinion that there

exist three species of the genus Tetraogallus, each peculiar to one of

the three following localities, viz. Caucasus, the Himalayan and the

Altai Mountains.

The bird in the Society’s menagerie, Mr. G.R.Gray observes, is well

figured in plate 76 of Jardine and Selby’s ‘Illustrations,’ and the

specimen figured is, like that belonging to the Zoological Society,

from Persia. It is peculiar in having the head, neck and breast of

a slate colour, passing into pale reddish brown on the upper part of

the back ; a dingy white streak extends from the nostril to the an-

terior angle of the eye; the chin and throat, as well as an oblong

patch on the side of the neck, are white ; the breast is of a dark slate

colour, and has short wavy black lines, especially just below the

white of the throat. The figure referred to represents the typical

Lophophorus Nigelli, which is most probably identical with the

Tetrao Caucasica of Pallas; and if this supposition be correct, the

earlier specific name given by the author just mentioned should be

retained, as Tetraogallus Caucasicus.

Mr. G. R. Gray also believes the Chourtka alpina of Victor to be

the same species as the bird under consideration.

In plate 141 of Messrs. Jardine and Selby’s ‘ Illustrations,’ a Te-

traogallus is represented, which the authors suppose to be the male

of the bird figured in plate 76 ; this is also delineated under the name

of Tetraogallus Nigelli by Mr. J. E. Gray in the ‘ Indian Zoology.’

This bird Mr. G. R. Gray, however, considers a distinct species,

which is peculiar to the Himalaya Mountains, whence he has seen

many specimens, all agreeing in colour. For this species the name

Tetraogallus Himalayensis is proposed. It is distinguishable by its

silky white neck and breast ; a deep chestnut-brown line runs down,

and partly surrounds the base of the neck, and the breast is variegated

in front with black, each plume having a transverse band on the

middle, which partly appears below the white tips of the other

feathers.

The third species, Perdiz altaica of M. Gebler, the distinctness of

which there can be no doubt of, has the breast-feathers grey-black at

- the base; and this colour extends along the shafts, and forms an

arched spot on each side of each feather: the under tail-coverts are

white. It shculd be named Tetraogallus aliuicus.

(NbD eno at iniins9q does ,aiPtyqody tt: GRANT ade tea: i

cea sagihareser > 2h tore snd rivers dn nok

ae regen Sra

ee ginwdeh: cahomjabane .

20 a agp eodkantiocsraed | cehiabore ams wept

aS. SD labemiah sibs Sterdysstsanere be ;

See natn Nien 348 bat bide: ad?) retsiady |

al Bbnome dd! etdicheisee cise: dad sabia

“Baie Eocene doa enti Ee fabkd -ywiey” tad: abe ite

¥ sot eS mea Burs

ik Sale Prien te *iny My ORES, DAA: Sha as

varouat aanne F. elsendethtoreetiiecdt renimniorteecsty exeke ai

Re ae rx ld pabittiobiahon thhintinichads 6h° ae om a

oA Raid) «aidelor bam agitpyls ast lik

< tate: cae AS CSC RN eRe SBaTEy eA

stagirerd what bdsosiy ouls ebuild Caio Lb

asppadoO umann F* aut aaah yor bie Leaves Aoi ietecia

* Santiodas. dias ov elbbmpod:ss9 wari, DaRvEE El RA Cw

pnb prertam: yren at ha wale:

ihe tT x

er "er ner ees Z aes

: ve > er abe 1 ‘

107

August 9, 1842.

Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following paper, ‘‘ On the Blood-Corpuscles of the Ibex,” by

George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., was read.

Before my discovery of the singularly minute size of the blood-

corpuscles of the Musk Deer*, those of the Goat were the smallest

known. I have since found that the corpuscles of the Ibex are

slightly smaller than those of the Goat, and therefore intermediate

in size to the corpuscles of the Goat and those of the Musk Deer,

as will be shown by the following measurements, which are given in

vulgar fractions of an English inch. For the sake of comparison,

the dimensions of the discs of the two latter animals are copied from

my ‘ Tables of Measurements of the Blood-Corpuscles of Mammaliat.’

Ibex from Candia (Capra Caucasica, Guld.),

1-7500 | : Pale Globules of the Blond,

up 1-3200 Common size.

roar oe 1-4000 Small ditto.

age. oStCE: 1-2666 Large ditto.

1-6752 ;

1-6665 1-3200 Average ditio,

1-9142 Small size.

1-5650 Large ditto.

1-7020 Average ditto.

Common Goat (Capra Hircus, Linn.).

1-6665 C Pale Globules of the Blood.

1-6400 ommon i

1-6000 s1zes. 1-3000 Common s1ze.

3 " 1-3555 Small ditto.

1-8000 Small size. 1-2666 Large ditto.

1-5333 Large ditto.

1-3032 itto.

1-6866 Average ditto. 7 eet gto

* See Med. Chir. Trans., vol. xxiii.; Dublin Med. Press, Nov. 27, 1839;

Annals of Nat. History, Dec. 1839; and Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag. of

the same date.

+ See Appendix to Gerber’s Anatomy.

No. CXV.—Proceepines or THE ZOOL. Soc.

108

Napu Musk Deer (Moschus Javanicus, Pallas).

1-13400 ) Common Pale Globules of the Blood.

1-12000 ALAR. 1-3200 Common size.

1-16000 Small size. 1-4000 Small ditto.

1- 9600 Large ditto. 1-2666 Large ditto.

1-12325 Average ditto. 1-3200 Average ditto.

I may add that Mr. Siddall, who has lately at my request mea-

sured the blood-corpuscles of the Ibex and of the Goat, has obtained

almost exactly the same results as those above specified.

Mr. Gulliver also communicated a paper ‘‘ On the Blood-Corpus-

cles of the British Ophidian Reptiles.”” To this communication are

added some observations on the figure of the blood-corpuscles of other

oviparous Vertebrata.

“The observations were made on perfectly fresh blood, and the

corpuscles measured as they floated in the serum.

“Though the blood-discs of Birds and Reptiles preserve their

shape very clearly when rapidly dried on a ship of glass, they generally

appear in this state slightly but distinctly smaller than when sus-

pended in the serum of recent blood; whereas, when the blood-discs

of Mammalia are dried in precisely the same way they are commonly

slightly larger than in the wet state, as I have noticed more particu-

larly in the ‘ Philosophical Magazine’ for January and February 1840,

pp. 25 and 105.”

“‘In Mammalia the envelope of the corpuscle is more delicate, more

susceptible of contraction and of modifications of form, and apparent-

ly softer, than in Birds and Reptiles ; so that the corpuscles of Mam-

mals are more liable to shrink a little soon after removal from the

circulating channels, than the corpuscles of Birds and Reptiles ; and

it may be that this softness of the blood-disc of Mammals allows it

to spread out in some degree, even when dried ever so quickly. But

it is more probable that the corpuscles preserve their usual size and

form when dried almost instantaneously, and that the shrinking or

modifications of shape which the corpuscles may undergo in liquid,

coagulating, or slowly-dried blood, may be influenced as much by

changes in the surrounding fibrine as by a contractility inherent in

the corpuscles. The envelope of the blood-dise of Fishes is much

more delicate and evanescent than the same part in Birds and Rep-

tiles ; hence in the blood of Fishes, even soon after death, the nuclei

will be observed in great abundance, while the envelopes have par-

tially-or entirely disappeared ; and the form of the entire corpuscles

is not so easily preserved by drying as in the other oviparous verte-

brate animals. P

«The following measurements of the blood-corpuscles of the Slow

Worm, Snake, and Viper, are all expressed in vulgar fractions of an

English inch. The common sizes are first set down, then a space

is left; the small and large discs are next noted, and lastly the ave-

109

rage, deduced from the numbers above, is placed beneath the lines.

L.D. stands for Long Diameter, and S.D. for Short Diameter.

March 19, 1842.—Slow Worm (Anguis fragilis, Linn.).

L.D. S.D.

1-1200 1-2666

1-1143

1-1333 1-4000

1-1067 1-2000

1-1178 1-2666

Pale Globules of the Blood (abundant).

1-2626

1-2900

1-2400

1-2626

Sept. 9, 1841..-Common Snake (Natrizx torquata, Ray).

L.D. S.D. Thickness.

1-1333 1-2400 1- 8000

1-1455 1-2000

1-1777 1-2666 1-10666

1-1090 1-1777 1- 7110

1-1371 1-2157 1- 8341

Nuclei, exposed by dilute acetic acid.

L.D. $.D.

1-4000 1-7110

1-5333 1-9140

1-2900 1-5333

1-3835 1-6817

Pale Globules of the Blood (tolerably numerous).

1-2400 :

1-3200

1-1777

1-2322

“The pale globules were generally granular and opake, though

some of them were thin and transparent at the edges, as if growing

into discs. In the blood there were many circular discs of a deep

red colour, and generally 1-2666th of an inch in diameter. The

regular discs were rounded at the edges, and almost all flat; but a

110

very careful search might occasionally detect one or two with slight

gibbosity of the surfaces opposite to the nucleus.

March 24, 1842.—Viper (Coluber Berus, Linn.).

L.D. SD.

1-1333 1-1777

1-1500 1-2400

1-1067 1-1455

1-1274 1-1800

Nuclei, exposed by acetic acid.

L.D. 8.D

1-3355 1-5333

1-3000 1-4800

1-4000 1-6400

1-2666 1-4000

1-3227 1-4986

“The discs were clearly gibbous on the surfaces opposite to the

nucleus. The pale globules were very numerous, and their common

diameter was 1-2666th of an inch.

“* Figure of the Corpuscles.—From the preceding measurements it

results, that although the blood-discs of the Viper and Snake pre-

sent the form of an ellipse rather less than twice as long as it is

broad, in the Slow Worm the elliptical figure of the discs is more

elongated, since its length is considerably more than twice its

breadth.

«As M. Mandl states, all observers had agreed that the long dia-

meter of the oval blood-corpuscles of vertebrate animals was never

more than one and a half or twice the short diameter, when he de-

scribed the corpuscles of the Crocodilide as forming a singular ex-

ception to this rule; because he found that the long diameter of the

blood-discs of Crocodilus Lucius was between two and three times as

much as the short diameter. I am not aware whether M. Mandl

had examined any other species of this family; but, as described in

the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ Nov. 10, 1840, I found

that in Crocodilus acutus and in Champsa fissipes the corpuscles had

the most common oval form, the length being rather less than twice

the breadth*.

“In the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ June 9, 1840, I

showed that the blood-corpuscles of some birds differ greatly in

figure from the corpuscles of other congenerous species. The cor-

puscles of the Snowy Owl (Syrnia nyctea), for example, are singu-

* In an alligator, the species of which was not determined, I found the

blood-corpuscles of the same shape. ‘The animal came from Tampico Bay,

Vera Cruz, and died at the gardens of the Society in the beginning of Oc-

tober 1842,

111

larly elongated ellipses, while the corpuscles of the Common Brown

Owl have the usual oval form ; and a similar peculiarity, though in

a less degree, was observed in comparing the corpuscles of the Pas-

senger Pigeon (Columba migratoria) with those of other allied species.

“Subsequently I have mentioned, in the ‘ Appendix to Gerber’s

Anatomy,’ that the corpuscles of Birds may present, comparatively,

either the figure of a very broad or of a very narrow ellipse. Of the

latter shape, examples may be found in the corpuscles of the Great

Butcher Bird (Lanius excubitor), Nightingale (Philomela luscinia),

Snow Bunting (Plectrophanes nivalis); and of the former shape in

the corpuscles of the Java Sparrow (Lowia Javensis), and several

other granivorous birds.

“The nucleus of the blood-corpuscles of Birds, when exposed by

acetic acid, has almost always a more elongated form than the un-

changed envelope, as mentioned in the book just quoted. But to

this rule I have since found a few remarkable exceptions. In the

Common Fowl (Gallus domesticus), for instance, the nucleus is a

very short ellipse, and even sometimes nearly or quite circular. For

the difference between the shape of the nucleus, when exposed by

acetic acid, or by soaking the corpuscles in water, a figure may be

consulted which I have given to illustrate this subject in my ‘ Con-

tributions to Minute Anatomy,’ Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag., August

1842, page 109.”

A paper was then read from Mr. Gould, in which he gives the

characters of two new genera of Birds, one belonging to the family

Sylviade and the other to the Psittacide.

‘Having observed,” says Mr. Gould, “during my late visit to

Australia, much difference to exist in the habits of the birds usually

placed in the genus Platycercus, I was naturally led to investigate

the matter as fully as circumstances would admit, and on examina-

tion of the two birds known as PI. erythropterus and Pl. scapulatus,

I found that the difference of their habits from those of the typical

Platycerci was accompanied by a sufficient difference in their ana-

tomy to warrant their separation into a distinct genus. Indepen-

dently of the variations indicated in the generic characters given

below, these birds are remarkable for possessing a tolerably well-

developed os furcatorium, which bone is entirely wanting in the true

Platycerci and Euphemi : in their habits they approach nearer to the

Lories, are of a dull and sullen disposition, and do not readily become

tame and familiar like the Platycerci ; they are also essentially arbo-

real, procuring their food among the branches of the trees; while

a resort to the ground and feed principally upon grass

seeds.”

These two birds he therefore proposed to erect into a new genus,

under the appellation of

APROSMICTUS.

Gen. Char. ut in Platycerco.—Rostrum attamen debilius, ceromate

plumis tenuibus instar pilorum nares adumbrantibus instructo.

112

Ale longiores et minis concave. Cauda magis quadrata. Tarsi

breviores. Digiti longiores.

Types.—Platycercus scapulatus and erythropterus, which will now

stand as Aprosmictus scapulatus and A. erythropterus.

The other birds which Mr. Gould proposed to form into a new

genus are the Petroica rhodinogaster of Messrs. Jardine and Selby,

and the Petroica rosea of himself. These birds are much more ar-

boreal in their habits than the true Petroicas, which are expressly

adapted for the ground, while these are equally so to the thick

brushwood, to the deepest gullies among which they usually resort.

For this group he proposed the designation of

ERYTHRODRYAS.

Gen. Char. fere ut in Petroicd.—Rostrum attamen brevius, ad basim

magis depressum, et vibrissis tenuibus anticé ductis naresque ad-

umbrantibus instructum. Ale breviores, magis rotundate; pri-

mariis primo et secundo brevissimis, quinto longissimo. Tarsi

breviores. Digiti longiores ; externi inter se feré equales. Ungues

acutiores et magis incurvati.

Type.—Erythrodryas rhodinogaster (Petroica rhodinogaster, Jard. and

Selb.).

To this genus also belongs the species characterized by him in the

Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1839, p. 142, under the

name of Petroica rosea, which will now stand as Hrythrodryas

rosea.

113

August 23, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Prince exhibited, on the part of Mr. Gould, two new species

of Australian Birds. These Mr. Gould characterizes as follows :—

Asrur cruentus. Ast. capite et occipite plumbeis ; torque nuchalt

castaneo dorso, alis, cauddque eplumbeo-fuscis ; fusco colore apud

dorsum magis prevalente, plumbeo apud ceteras partes ; remigum

primorum pogoniis internis ad basim albescentibus et plumbeo-

fasciatis ; corpore inferiore ferrugineo, fasciis crebris, angustis et

semicircularibus ornato.

Male.—Crown of the head and occiput dark slate-colour ; sides of

the face grey ; at the back of the neck a collar of chestnut-red ; back,

wings and tail slaty brown, the brown hue predominating on the

back and the slate-colour upon the other parts; inner webs of the

primaries fading into white at the base, and crossed by bars of slate-

colour; the interspaces freckled with buff; inner webs of the tail-

feathers marked in a precisely similar manner ; chin buffy white ; all

the under surface rust-red, crossed by numerous narrow semicircular

bands of white; irides bright yellow; cere dull yellow ; bill black at

the tip, blue at the base ; legs and feet pale yellow; claws black.

Total length, 144 inches; bill, 3; wing, 7 ; tail, 6; tarsi, 24.

Hab. Western Australia.

This species is intermediate in size between Astur approximans

and Accipiter torquatus, but is of a more grey or blue colour on the

back, and has the transverse lines on the breast narrower and more

rufous.

LosrvaneLtus personatus. Lob. verlice et occipiie nigerrimis ;

Ffaciei lateribus nuchd, uropygio, et corpore inferiore albis ; dorso

et plumis scapularibus pallidé fuscescenti-cinereis ; paleis penden-

tibus flavis ; rostro ad basim flavis ad apicem nigris ; pedibus e

carneo-rubris.

Crown of the head and occiput jet-black ; sides of the face, back

of the neck, rump, and all the under surface pure white ; back and

scapularies light brownish grey ; wing-coverts grey; primaries deep

black ; secondaries white at the base on their inner webs, cinnamon-

grey on their outer webs, and largely tipped with black ; the extreme

ends of the feathers being cinnamon-grey, particularly the two cen-

tral ones ; irides primrose-yellow ; wattles lemon-yellow ; bill lemon-

yellow at the base, black at the tip; legs and feet carmine-red; the

scales in front blackish green.

Total length, 12 inches; bill, 12; wing, 82; tail, 4; tarsi, 23.

Hab. North coast of Australia.

114

This species is of the same size, but more elegantly formed than

the Lob. lobatus, the fleshy wattles more extensively developed, the

crown of the head only black, and not the back and sides of the

neck, as in that species.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited several species of Mammals, collected

in Borneo by the Society’s Corresponding Member, James Brooke,

Esq., and recently forwarded to England by that gentleman.

Among these specimens was a fine example of the Paradoxurus

Derbianus, Gray, an animal which has also received the names

Paradoxurus Zebra, Hemigalea Zebra, and Viverra Boiei.

Two specimens of Gymnura, a specimen of the Prionodon gracilis,

and two species of Squirrel, also formed part of the collection.

The Gymauri differ much in colouring from the G. Rafflesii. In-

stead of having the fur black, and with longer interspersed white

hairs, the Bornean specimens are entirely of a yellowish white colour,

with the exception of the long bristly hairs interspersed with the

ordinary fur, which are some of them black. In other respects the

Sumatran and Bornean specimens of Gymnura agree so closely that

Mr. Waterhouse did not regard the difference in colouring as indi-

dicative of specific distinction.

The existence of the Prionodon gracilis in Borneo is noticed by

Miller, who applies to the animal the name Linsang gracilis. Be-

lieving the skull of this animal had never been described or figured,

Mr. Waterhouse called attention to the peculiarities in its structure.

In some of its external characters, especially in the structure of

its feet, with their truly retractile claws, the Prionodon evinces an

affinity to the Cats, which would lead the naturalist to seek for some

corresponding points of resemblance in the skull; this, however,

presents all the characteristics of the Viverride: it is of the same

elongated form ; the lower jaw is long and slender, and the rami are

curved, so that the angular portion and symphysis are raised. Com-

pared with other Viverride, the Prionodon skull is remarkable for

the thinness of the bones and the very slight development of the

muscular ridges. In general form it approximates more nearly to

Paradocvurus than to Viverra or Genetta. The zygomatic arch, which

is slender, is thrown more boldly outwards than in the last two

mentioned genera, and the posterior portion of the cranium does not

exhibit the sudden contraction immediately behind the posterior

root of the zygomatic arch which we observe in the Viverras and

Genets. ‘The post-orbital process of the temporal bone is but little

prominent, being in the form of an obtuse angle; the skull differing

in this respect from that of Paradoxurus, as well as in having the

palate continued considerably beyond the line of the posterior mo-

lars. The muzzle is much compressed. The temporal ridges are

rather widely separated and but slightly marked, though, judging

from the dentition, the animal was adult. The ant-orbital opening

is larger than in Geneéta and less advanced, and hence the branch of

the superior maxiliary which forms its upper boundary is narrower,

as in Paradozurus. In the form of the lower jaw there is a close ap-

115

proximation to Paradorurus ; the only important difference consists

in the smaller antero-posterior extent of the coronoid process.

The teeth in Prionodon differ much from those of Paradozxurus ;

indeed, were the dentition alone to be considered, these two genera

would be placed at opposite extremes of the Viverrine group, the

last-mentioned genus evincing the nearest approach to an omnivo-

rous diet, whilst the Prionodon possesses teeth the most unfitted for

mastication.

The incisors are arranged closely together, and in a straight line ;

the incisor on each side of both jaws, nearest the canines, is rather

larger than the others, which are slightly notched at the extremity.

The canines are rather long, very slender, and moderately curved.

The false molars, which are are much compressed, high, and

4.4

sharply pointed. The foremost false molar, both of upper and lower

jaws, is small, and has a small tubercle on the hinder part of the

principal cusp. The second and third false molars of the upper jaw

have each two small notches, and a corresponding number of small

tubercles on the posterior margiv. and at the base of the principal

cusp ; and there is an indistinct tubercle in front, near the base : the

second, third, and fourth false molars of the lower jaw have also the

double notch behind, but differ in having a distinct, though small,

anterior cusp. The first and second false molars of both jaws’are

separated from the other teeth and from each other by interspaces,

of which the broadest is that which separates the second and third

of these teeth in the upper jaw, the space here being nearly a line

in width. The carnassier of the upper jaw very nearly resembles

that of the Cat, but the central cusp is higher, and the inner tubercle

is proportionally smaller. ‘The carnassier of the lower jaw may be

best described by comparing it with the corresponding tooth in the

Genet, from which it differs only in having the cutting edges rather

more produced, in being more compressed; the inner tubercle is

more pointed, and the heel proportionately smaller. As regards

the true molars, the present animal differs from other Viverride in

possessing but one of these teeth on each side of the upper jaw; its

1-1 . : :

true molars are therefore Toy’ and this certainly does not arise from

immaturity in the animal. The form of this tooth closely resembles

that of the foremost of the two upper true molars in Genetta, but is

proportionately rather smaller and the tubercles are somewhat more

developed. The true molar of the lower jaw is a mere rudimentary

tooth, and differs from that of Genetta and other Viverride, not only

in its small size, but in being of a compressed form: its cutting edge

is divided by notches into three parts.

In the possession of but one true molar in the upper jaw, Priono-

don would appear to approach the Felide; but the structure of this

tooth, it must be observed, is essentially the same as in the Viver-

ride, and it is combined with a small true molar in the lower jaw,

which is never found in the Cats.

On the whole, Prionodon approaches most nearly to the Genets as

116

regards its dentition; but in the general structure of the skull, Mr.

Waterhouse observed, it evinced an affinity with the Paradovuri, to

which group it appeared to be linked by the Paradoxurus Derbianus,

or Hemigalea Zebra. Links are nevertheless wanting to prove that

Prionodon should be regarded as an offset from the Paradoxurine

group.

One of the two Squirrels alluded to is the Sciurus ephippium, de-

scribed in Dr. Miiller’s great work on the Zoology of the Dutch Pos-

sessions in the Indian Archipelago. The other closely resembles the

Sc. Prevostii or Rafflesii, and may be a variety of that species; it

differs in being smaller; the cheeks are freely pencilled with rusty

red, instead of being grey as in Rafflesii, and the sides of the muzzle

are of the same reddish hue, not having the white patch which is

observable in Sir S. Raffles’s Sumatran specimen; the outer side of

the thighs has a grey tint, produced by the admixture of black and

white; the hairs being of the former colour, but white or yellowish

white at the point. In the type of Rafflesii the same part is furnished

with uniform white hairs, excepting the hinder part of the thigh,

which is black. The tail is uniform black in that animal, but the

Bornean specimen has the hairs tipped with white in such a way as

to produce rings; these rings, however, do not extend to the apical

portion of the tail, about two inches of which is uniform black. The

hairs covering the ears are partly black, but chiefly of the same rich

rusty red as are all the under parts of the animal. The Sumatran

animal has black ears. Dr. Miiller, in the work before quoted, de-

scribes specimens of a squirrel from Borneo, which he regards as a

variety of Sc. Rafflesii, and which agree closely with the specimen

from Mr. Brooke’s collection; this, however, has the hairs on the

upper parts of the body of an uniform glossy black colour; Dr. Mil-

ler observes they are generally terminated with yellowish points in

the specimens he met with.

September 13, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The first paper read was from J. O. Westwood, Esq. _ It contains

descriptions of some Coleopterous Insects from tropical Africa, be-

longing to the section Heteromera, and is the continuation of a

paper on the same subject, communicated to the Society August 24th,

1841, an abstract of which will be found in the ‘ Proceedings’ of that

date.

Genus CaLosTEcIA.

Corpus magnum oblongum. Caput mediocre, clypeo margine an-

tico recto, angulis anticis valdé porrectis basin labri recipientibus.

Antenne crass breves, articulis 7-10 precedentibus majoribus, ulti-

mo majori apice subacuto. Mandibule ad apicem bidentate dente-

que altero majori in vel versus medium marginis interni armate.

Mazille \obo interno in dentem corneum obtusum hamatum termi-

nato. Palpi mavillares articulo ultimo securiformi. Mentum latum

lateribus rotundatis, basi valdé constrictum. Labium quadratum.

Palpi labiales articulo ultimo ovali. Prothorax subquadratus anticé

paulld latior, lateribus versus angulos anticos serratis. Hlytra

oblongo-ovalia levia metalli-colorata. Pedes crassi, femoribus om-

nibus ante apicem bispinosis ; tibiis intus, ante et pone medium

sinuatis.

CaLosTEGIA PURPURIPENNIS. Cal. nigra subopaca levis, elytris

purpureis sub lente tenuissime striato-punctatis.

Long. corp. lin. 17; lat. elytror. feré lin. 6.

Hab. in Ashantee. Mus. D. Hope.

Nycropates marens. Nyct. niger subnitidus, capite thoraceque

sub lente tenuissime punctatis, elytrisque tenuissime striato-punc-

tatis, pedibus longis, tibiis subincurvis, thoracis angulis posticis

acutis.

Long. corp. lin. 84; lat. elytr. pone medium lin. 33.

Hab. in Guinea. In mus. nost. communic. D. Raddon.

Totus niger parim nitidus. Caput margine antico (clypeo incluso)

subsemicirculari, clypei utrinque incisione parva in linea obliqua im-

press4 desinente distinguendo ; lineaque altera impressé longitudi-

nali utrinque ad marginem internum oculorum. Superficies capitis

regulariter punctata punctis parvis. Antenne articulo primo crasso

longitudine 4, 24° minuto, 34° longo, ceteris longitudine fere zequa-

libus at sensim latioribus, 5 ultimis compressis setosis, ultimo ovali,

basi truncato, apice rotundato. Mandibule subtrigone apice acute,

intus edentatz sed spatio mediano membranaceo. Mazille lobo in-

No. CXVI.—Procerpines or THE Zoot. Soc.

118

terno in uncum corneum terminato. Palpi mazillares articulo ultimo

securiformi. Mentum subquadratum anticé paulld latius, anticé carina

curvata instructum: labium breve transversum ciliatum. Palpz labiales

breves articulo ultimo dilatato-ovali apice truncato. Prothoragr ca-

pite multo latior, margine antico truncato, lateribus rotundatis, an-

gulis posticis acutis; marginatus, margine antico tamen in medio

interrupto; superficies tota crebre punctata, punctis minutis et

non approximatis. EHlytra basi thorace latiora, humeris rotundatis ;

sensim latiora, apice utrinque partm sinuata; dorso gibboso super-

ficies sub lente quasi coriacea; singulo striis 9 e punctis minutis

formatis oculo nudo vix conspicuis, stria interna propé scutellum

abbreviata. Pedes longi, graciles, femoribus anticis crassioribus ;

omnibus apice inermibus; tibiis anticis pone medium partum intus

curvatis, apice externé intus setoso, extus obliqué truncato, tibiis

4 posticis subrectis, medio vix subincurvato, apiceque subinflexis ;

calcaribus omnibus minutissimis.

Nycrosates conrusus. Nyet. niger levis subnitidus, elytris lati-

oribus, pronoti lateribus in medio sinuatis et sanguineo-marginatis.

Long. corp. lin. 1; lat. elytr. pone med. lin. 5.

Hab. in Africé zquinoxiali. Mus.Soc. Linn. Lond. D. Banks.

Caput nigrum, sub lente tenuissime punctatum carina longitudinali

utrinque versus marginem internum oculorum. Antenne articulis

apicalibus latioribus. Pronotum transversé quadratum, angulis an-

ticis obliqué truncatis et parim rotundatis, lateribus in medio sinu-

atis tenuissime marginatis, angulis posticis acutis feré rectangulis ;

sub lente tenuissime punctatum ; lateribus laté et obscuré sanguineis,

colore sanguineo ante medium intus acuté producto, dorso nigro ;

margine postico in medio versus scutellum partim producto. Elytra

nigra nitida lzvia, latiora quam in congenericis, preesertim pone me-

dium, apicem versus attenuata; sub lente seriebus 8 longitudinalibus

punctorum minutorum. Pedes longitudine mediocres, graciles, tibiis

simplicibus feré rectis.

Individuum in mus. D. Hope vidi lineas 94 tantum habens, statu-

raque partum minus robusta ; vix tamen species distincta.

Nycrosates punctatus. Nyct. niger obscurus, prothoracis angulis

anticis rotundatis, lateribus in medio incisis angulisque posticis

acutis, elytris punctato-striatis, antennis sensim dilatatis.

Long. corp. lin. 92; lat. elytr. pone med. lin. feré 4.

Hab. in Guined. In mus. D. Hope, comm. D. Westermann.

Syn. Helops punctatus, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth. i. 161.

Caput obscurum sub lente tenue punctatum; clypeo posticé im-

pressione transversé e vertice separato, carindque utrinque ad mar-

ginem oculorum. Antenne mediocres sensim ad apicem incrassate

compresse, linea tenui media impressa postica. Prothorar subqua-

dratus angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus in medio sinuatis, tenue

marginatis, angulis posticis acutis et parim extus productis ; margine

postico versus scutellum posticé producto. Hlytra thorace haud

multo latiora pone medium parim latiora, singulo seriebus 8 longi-

tudinalibus punctorum impressorum magnitudine irregularium, stria-

119

que altera abbreviata versus scutellum; striis 1 et 2 ad basin con-

nexis; striz 5 et 6 longe ante apicem conjunguntur ; strie 3 et 4

propriores, 2 et 7, et 1 cum 8va connexis. Pedes longitudine me-

diocres, tibiis simplicibus et feré rectis. Mesosternum anticé biden-

tatum, prosterni apicem acutum recipiens.

I give the insect here described as the true H. punctatus, Fab., on

the authority of a specimen received by the Rev. F. W. Hope from

Copenhagen, from M. Westermann, who has such excellent oppor-

tunities of determining those Fabrician species which were described

from the cabinets of Lund and Sehestedt, as was the case with the

present species. This is the more important, as the Fabrician de-

scription is so slight as to be applicable to scores of species of He-

teromerous insects.

Nycrozares Hypocrita. Nyct. niger subobscurus tenuissime punc-

tatus, prothoracis lateribus subrotundatis integris angulis anticis

acutis, antennis longioribus apice parim latioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 82; lat. elytr. pone med. lin. 33.

Hab. in Guinea. In Mus. D. Hope, comm. D. Westermann.

Syn. Iphthinus Hypocrita, Dej., Cat. sine descr.; Iphthinus Gui-

neensis, Westermann, MSS.

Niger subobscurus. Caput (presertim in clypeo) et prothorax

punctata; clypeus e vertice linea impressa curvata vix separata, ca-

rina utrinque partm elevataé ad marginem internum oculorum. An-

tenne graciles articulis 3 vel 4 ultimis partm latioribus compressis.

Prothoraxr subquadratus, lateribus subrotundatis marginatis integris

angulis posticis acutis ; margine postico feré recto tenué marginato.

Eilytra parim convexiora quam in reliquis; singulo sulcis 8 profun-

dis longitudinalibus et punctatis, inter se connexis ut in specie pre-

cedenti; pone medium paulld latiora et posticé acuminata. Pedes

longiores, simplices, tibiis parim curvatis.

NyYcToBATES TRANSVERSALIS. Nyct. niger subobscurus subpunc-

tatus, capite parvo, oculis magnis, antennis apice haud incrassatis,

prothorace transverso angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus integris,

elytris striato-punctatis.

Long. corp. lin. 94; lat. elytr. lin. 4.

Hab. apud Sierram Leonam. In mus. D. Hope et Waterhouse.

Caput sub lente punctatum, presertim in clypeo magno transverso-

ovato, e vertice lined forti impressA semicirculari diviso; oculi

magni, angulis internis intus productis, spatio parvo intermedio tan-

tum relicto ; carine duz interoculares subobsolete. Antenne breves

subdepresse, articulis 7 ultimis subequalibus apicem versus haud

incrassatis. Prothorav latior quam longus lateribus tenué margina-

tis subrotundatis integris angulis posticis vix acutis ; margine postico

feré recto; dorso tenué punctato. lytra feré parallela, thorace la-

tiora, angulis humeralibus obliqué truncatis longitudinaliter sulcatis,

sulcis sub lente punctatis, stridque alteré abbreviata versus scutellum,

Pedes graciles simplices, tibiis feré rectis.

Nycropates Brevicornis, Nyct. niger, capite et pronoto tenuis-

120

sime punctatis, antennis brevibus, prothorace quadrato lateribus

parallelis, elytris punctato-striatis, pedibus brevibus.

Long. corp. lin. 11; lat. elytr. lin. 4.

Hab. in mus. D. Hope.

Caput sub lente tenuissime punctatum, clypeo e vertice vix sepa-

rato, carinisque interocularibus obsoletis, oculi margine interno ro-

tundato. Antenne vix capite longiores articulis 6 apicalibus com-

pressis subzequalibus. Prothorax quadratus lateribus feré rectis et

parallelis angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis vero acutis margine

postico in medio paulld rotundato-producto; disco tenuissime punc-

tato lined tenuissima punctorum mediand. Hlytra subparallela

elongata, prothorace partm latiora, singulis seriebus 8 punctorum

profundé impressorum, striaéque basali interrupté punctata versus

scutellum. Pedes breves simplices, tibiis feré rectis.

Nycropatrs rotunpvicotuis. Nyct. niger subopacus, capite pone

oculos utrinque sulcato, thorace rotundato varioloso-punctato, ely-

tris profunde punctato-striatis.

Long. corp. lin. 7; lat. elytr. lin. 23.

Hab, in Sierra Leona. In mus. D. Hope et Waterhouse.

Caput punctatum, clypeo magno e vertice impressione curvata sepa-

rato. Oculi majores, carinis interocularibus obsoletis, sulco utrinque

ex angulo interno oculorum ad prothoracem ducto. Antenne breves,

articulis 6 ultimis majoribus subzqualibus subtriangularibus latis

depressis ultimo majori. Prothorar rotundatus lateribus rotundatis,

angulis posticis subobtusis, disco yarioloso punctatissimo ; margine

postico magis marginato quam laterali, et in medio partm versus scu-

tellum rotundato. /lytra lateribus feré parallelis, angulis humera-

libus rotundatis, singulo striis 9 punctorum profundé impressorum,

striis 4 et 5, 3 et 6, 7 et 8, 2 et 9, ad apicem conjunctis. Pedes

breves simplices, tibiis rectis, femoribus anticis crassioribus.

Genus NEsIOTICUS.

Corpus breve rotundatum valdé gibbosum. Caput mediocre, breve

margine antico (clypei) et lateribus (ante oculos) elevatis, vertice

partum concayo. Labrum breve transversum, angulis anticis rotun-

datis, ciliatum. Mandibule trigone crasse, extus rotundate, intus

sinuate, cavitate parvain medio. Mazille lobo externo majori, sub-

articulato, valdé setoso, interno setoso inermi. Palpi mazillares

crassi, articulo ultimo maximo securiformi. Mentum oblongum, anticé

paulld latius angulis anticis acuté productis. Labrum subquadratum

angulis anticis rotundatis, setosum. Palpi mazillares breves articulo

ultimo ovato, apice subtruncato. Antenne prothorace feré longitudine

zequales articulo basali detecto, 3%° 4% duplo longiori, hoc ad 10%

latitudine partm crescentibus compressis, longitudine zequalibus,

articulo 11™° precedenti parim longiori subrotundato. Prothoraxr

transversus, anticé angustior, lateribus subrotundatis, angulis pos-

ticis acutis. Scutellum triangulare. Elytra valde convexa ovali-

rotundata, thorace feré duplo latiora. Pedes simplices longitudine

feré equales, tibiis rectis, tarsis subtis setosis, marginibus acutis.

Mesosternum obtusum paulld porrectum. Venter 5-annulatus.

121

Nesroricus ruavoricrus. Nes. niger nitidus levis, elytrorum hu-

meris apicibusque signaturis flavo-notatis.

Long. corp. lin. §; lat. elytr. lin. 44.

Hab. Gold Coast, Africe tropice. In mus. Westw. comm. D.

Raddon.

Niger nitidus levis sub lente haud punctatus capite excepto. La-

brum piceum. Antenne nigre articulo ultimo apice brunneo. Vertex

tenuissime punctatus. Thoraw lateribus tenuissime marginatis. Hly-

tra valdé convexa nitida, singulo lineis 8 punctorum minutorum im-

presso; fascia tenui transversd flava versus basin ad suturam inter-

rupta, et cum striga marginali, alteraque media longitudinali versus

basin elytrorum extensA connex4 ; singulo elytro etiam versus apicem

signatura tenui subtriangulari ejusdem coloris notato.

Genus Occosoma.

Corpus breve latissimum. Caput mediocre carina utrinque e

margine antico et interno oculorum feré ad basin mandibularum

ducta. Antenne longitudine capitis et prothoracis, graciles, vix ver-

sus apicem crassiores, articulo 3%° longissimo, 4° et reliquis sub-

zequalibus setosis. Mandibule crasse, extus rotundate, apice sub-

bifid, margine interno feré recto. Labrum transversum emarginatum.

Mandibule lobis duobus membranaceis ciliatis. Palpi mazillares

articulo ultimo magno securiformi. Mentwm obconicum basi trun-

catum et angustatum angulis anticis acutis, in medio longitudinaliter

carinatum. Labium cordatum. Palpi labiales articulo witimo ma-

jori ovali, apice acuminato. Prothoraz latior quim longus, convexus,

lateribus in medio rotundato-angulatis, angulis anticis et posticis

acutis. H/ytra prothorace multo latiora, convexa, rotundata, inter-

rupto-costata. Pedes mediocres graciles setigeri.

OGcosoMA GRANULARE. Ogcos. nigrum sericeum prothorace punc-

tis duobus rotundatis discoidalibus, elytris irregulariter et inter-

rupto-costatis, antennis pedibusque cinereo-setosis.

Long. corp. lin. 6; lat. elytr. lin. 4. ~

Hab. in Gambia. In mus. Westwood.

Caput et thorax nigra, sericea, (sc.sub lente) tuberculis minutissimis

alterisque majoribus sparsis nitidis obsita; hoc lateribus sub medio

angulato-rotundatis, marginatis. Hlytra nigra et magis nitida, mi-

nutissime granulata, tuberculisque numerosis majoribus elongatis et

irregularibus, costas duas in singulo elytro quodammodo formanti-

bus; lateribus marginatis et deflexis latera abdominis cingentibus.

Pedes sat breves graciles, tibiis posticis partm curvatis.

Genus MrcacantHa.

Corpus robustum, crassum, convexum. Caput breve, punctatum,

lateribus ante oculos elevato-tuberculatis. Oculi reniformes. La-

brum transversum, angulis anticis rotundatis. Mandibule crasse,

apice partum bidentate. Maville lobo interno membranaceo, externo

magno valdé setigero. Palpi mavillares articulo ultimo securiformi.

Mentum crateriforme. Labium cordatum. Palpi labiales breves,

122

articulo ultimo crasso ovali, apice subtruncato. Antenne sat longe,

articulo 3t° vix 4 longiori, 7™° ceteris parim crassiori, hoc et reli-

quis preecedentibus paullo latioribus. Prothorax rotundatus anticé

et posticé subtruncatus, capite multo latior. Elytra brevia oblongo-

ovalia, thorace latiora, convexa, punctato-striata. Pedes satis elon-

gati, femoribus anticis crassis ante apicem interné dente valido cur-

vato armatis ; tibize anticee ante medium paulld extus curvate ; inter-

mediz intus subserratz ; postice recte.

Foemina differt capite et prothorace paulld minoribus, hoc minus

rotundato, pedibus anticis brevioribus et gracilioribus, dente fe-

morum anticorum multd minori, tibiisque anticis minus curvatis,

tibiisque intermediis haud serrulatis. .

MeEGacanTHA TENEBROSA. Meg. nigra subnitida punctata, elytris

striato-punctatis, angulis humeralibus distinctis.

Long. corp. lin. 95-10; lat. elytr. lin. 43.

Hab. Ashantee. In mus. D. Hope.

Caput nigrum punctatum, clypeus brevis vix e vertice separatus.

Oculi intus subapproximati, lunula tenui levi subnitida et subelevata

interjecta, tuberculi anteoculares magni, basin antennarum tegentes.

Prothorax tenué punctatissimus lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis

acutis, posticis subacutis. Hlytra sat profunde 8 striato-punctata ;

stridque altera valdé abbreviata versus scutellum; striis 4 et 5, 3 et

6, et 2 et 7, posticé conjunctis. Pedes et corpus infra nigra subni-

tida.

An Helops dentatus, Fab. ?

Mr. Reeve then communicated to the Meeting ‘‘ Descriptions of

four new species of bivalve shells by Mr. Hanley.”

Genus Souen.

Soren acuminatus. Sol. testa albidd, epidermide tenui griseo-

viridescente indutd, elongata, latitudine longitudinem tripliciter

superante ; postice rotundatd ; antice acuminatd extremitate rotun-

datd; marginibus arcuatis, ventrali. prope in medio incurvaté ;

dentibus in utraque valvdé duobus, angustis, uno valdé minore.

Long. ?; lat. 23 poll.

Hab. in flumine Hoogley, Indiarum Orientalium.

This shell, which has been found in great abundance at the mouth

of the river Hoogley, is somewhat allied to the Solen acutidens of

Broderip ; it is, however, well distinguished by its anterior acumi-

nation.

Genus PsamMmosia.

PsamMosia costata. Psam. testd subellipticd, antic angulatd ;

postice breviore angustatd, extremitate rotundatd ; pallidé, radiis

angustis roseo-lividis ornatd; transversim irregulariter costatd,

costis rudibus, planulatis, anticé subfurcatis ; intus vel purpured,

vel aured.

Long. 1; lat. 12 poll.

Alab. ad oras Nove Zealandiz.

123

The coarse and somewhat prominent ribs render this shell easily

distinguishable from the rest of the Psammobie.

Genus CyYTHEREA.

Cyrnerrea Eerrossa. Cyth. testa ovali-subcordiformi, subequilaterali,

crassa, nitidd, convexd, transversim profunde sulcatd ; sulcis sub-

remotis, interstitiis planulatis ; albido-lividd, lineis angularibus,

saturatioribus, venulatad ; ano impresso, lanceolato ; vulva effossd

lateribus candidis, fasciis spadiceis undulatis, transversim pictd ;

disco interno purpureo, marginibus crenatis.

Long. #; lat. 14 poll. Mus. Stainforth.

Hab. ?

The very singular manner in which this and the following species

are excavated on the anterior side forms their prominent and distin-

guishing characteristic.

CyTuerea Excavata. Cyth. testd rotundato-ovatd, subequilaterali,

postice expansd, antice propter marginis ventralis obliquam curva-

tionem angustata ; crassd, levi, nitidd, depresso-convexd, pallideé

Sulvi, venis lividis angularibus, plus minusve distinctis, marmoratd ;

ano lanceolato ; vulva valde excavatd, lateribus planulatis, candidis,

spadiceo leviter venulatis ; disco interno roseo ; marginibus tenuiter

crenulatis.

Long. 1; pi 14 poll. Mus. Stainforth.

Hab.

This shell es the preceding by its anterior excavation, but

differs both in shape and in the absence of the transverse grooves.

124

September 27, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, Dr. Cantor,

was read ; it is dated Calcutta, February 12, 1842, and refers to a

series of shells collected by that gentleman in Chusan, and which he

presents to the Society. The following list of these shells, prepared

by Dr. Cantor, was laid before the Meeting :—

Helix ravida; Clausilia pluviatilis ; C. aculeus ; Achatina erecta ;

Planorbis papyraceus; P. hemispherula; P. compressus, Hutton ;

Lymnea plicatula ; Paludina longicornis ; P. striatula; P. quadrata ;

P. lecythoides ; Melania cancellata; Arca galactodes; Modiola Sen-

housia ; Anodon gibbum ; Corbicula fuscata ; Venus Sinensis ; Sangui-

nolaria iridescens. .

Mr. Fraser, the naturalist to the Niger expedition, exhibited seve-

ral new species of Quadrupeds, constituting part of his collection

formed at Fernando Po; and Mr. Waterhouse, at the request of the

Chairman, read his description of the new species, these having been

placed in his hands for examination by Mr. Fraser.

Mr. Waterhouse first drew attention to a very interesting new

genus of Rodents, which he characterized under the name

ANOMALURUS*.

Molares = radicati. Cranium sine processu post-orbitali ossis

temporalis, sed foramine antorbitali magno, partem musculi masse-

teris transmittente. Palatum anticé coarctatum, posticé emargina-

tum in forma triangulari. Cauda modicé elongata et subfloccosa,

parte basali triente subtus scutis magnis in serie duplici longitudina-

litér dispositis (singulis angulo prominente) obtecta. Awres magne,

subnude. Patagium inter artus extensum. Rhinarium nudum. Pedes

subtis nudi; unguibus falcularibus, valdé compressis ; pedes antici

4-dactyli, digitis subequalibus ; postici 5-dactyli, digitis subzequali-

bus, interno excepto, hoc breviore.

Anomaturus Fraseri. An. vellere longo, permolli ; corpore super

nigro ; dorso flavescenti-fusco lavato ; fronte incanescente ; corpore

infra albo, vel albido ; artubus intus, patagio ad marginem et gut-

ture fuliginoso tinctis.

* From dvogos, out of law, and oved, a tail. Should this have been pre-

viously used in a generic sense in Natural History, the name Arozthrus

(from aégéa, to plough, and wi#ga, air) may be substituted.

125

une. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 14 0

COUDR — \. «cies Seiten a atahd sdcilegatn 4 8 6

BPA a as aot hor TAateh for cea sels ahclisis loves

tarsi digitorumque ........ 1.440. 2.6

Hab. Fernando Po.

Upon a cursory inspection this animal would be regarded as a

species of Pteromys, having most of the general external characters

of the members of that group ; there are, however, some points of di-

stinction between the present animal and the large Flying Squirrels,

which are important ; of these the most conspicuous are the extra-

ordinary scales which cover the under side of the basal third of the

tail : these scales are of a pale horn-colour, sixteen in number in one

of two specimens before me, and fifteen in the other, and arranged

in two longitudinal series : each scale is narrow at the base and broad

at the opposite extremity, and in fact nearly of a triangular form ;

but as the scales on one side alternate with those of the other, no

interstices are left; they not only cover the under surface of the tail,

but overlap the sides; in this overlapping of the scale a ridge is

formed, the extremity of which is produced into an angle; the

point of the angle is directed backwards. The portion of the tail

which is thus protected beneath is well clothed with fur above, but

the hairs are not long, and the apical portion (which is cylindri-

cal) is much less bushy than in the large Flying Squirrels consti-

tuting the genus Pteromys. ‘The hinder feet have the heel clothed

with fur, but the outer margin beneath is naked, and not densely

clothed, as in Pteromys. ‘The lateral flying membrane extends from

the wrist to the ankle, and is supported moreover by a long cartilage

in front, as in Pteromys; but this cartilage has its origin at the

elbow-joint, and not at the wrist, as in the genus just mentioned.

The interfemoral membrane extends to the heel, and is moreover at-

tached to the sides of the tail, and when expanded forms almost a

straight line.

The ears are large, much longer than broad, and naked, excepting

at the base on the outer side, where they are covered with long fur,

like that on the body; the naked portion has a slight flesh-like tint,

but is nearly white, as are also (Mr. Fraser’s notes state) the naked

portions of the feet and the tip of the muzzle. The hairs of the

moustaches are very numerous, and although not very thick, are

unusually long. The fur is long and remarkably soft, and the hairs

of which it is composed are all of one kind; that is, there are no

longer interspersed stronger hairs, such as we usually find in the

fur of the Rodents; the fur on the upper parts is sooty black, but,

excepting on the membranes, most of the hairs are rather broadly

tipped with yellowish rust-colour: on the upper surface of the head

the colour is replaced by grey; on the under parts of the body the

fur is dirty white; the throat is blackish, and the under side of the

throat is tinted with sooty grey. The under side of the membranes

is sparingly clothed with hairs; towards the margin the hairs are

more numerous, and of a blackish tint. }

126

In the structure of the skull Azomalurus differs considerably from

the known species of Sciuride. All the species of the family, the

skulls of which I have had an opportunity of examining (and they

are numerous, embracing all the known genera and subgenera), are

distinguishable by the possession of a distinct post-orbital process

to the cranium; they have the palate broad, and terminating in a

line with the posterior molars, or behind that line; the molars of

opposite sides of the jaw are parallel, and the ant-orbital opening is

small, in the form of a tube, and serves only for the transmission of

the infra-orbital nerve. These characters are not found in Anoma-

lurus ; the post-orbital process is here reduced to a mere rudiment,

being represented by an indistinct projection forming an obtuse

angle: the ant-orbital opening is large, and evidently affords a pas-

sage for a portion of the masseter muscle as well as the nerve; it

moreover opens directly in the bony plate which constitutes the an-

terior root of the zygomatic arch, and is not produced as it were into

a tube, as in the typical Squirrels. The palate is narrow, and has a

deep triangular emargination behind, the apex of the triangle being

on a line with the hinder margin of the penultimate molar. The

molar teeth converge in front, so that the space between the two

foremost is scarcely equal in width to one of these teeth ; the crowns

of the molars of opposite sides of the upper jaw, instead of being on

the same plane, or very nearly so, are directed obliquely outwards ;

and the masticating surface of those of the lower jaw, to meet them,

incline in an opposite direction. The incisive foramina are longer

than is usual in the Sciuride, and encroach in a slight degree upon

the maxillary bones. The nasal portion of the skull is narrower, and

the nasal bones are remarkable for a deep emargination in front.

I have been led to institute a comparison between the present

animal and the species of the Sciuride, on account of certain points

of resemblance which there exist between it and the Flying Squir-

rels (Pteromys), especially in the possession of the expanded flank

and interfemoral membranes. In the almost total absence of post-

orbital process, however, and in the comparatively large size of the

ant-orbital opening, the Anomalurus evinces an approach to the

Myoxide; the approximation is moreover observable in the narrow-

ness of the nasal bones and the slenderness of the zygomatic arch,

these parts being compared with those corresponding in the squirrel

skull.

The lower jaw is formed like that of the Squirrels, and does not

present certain peculiarities observable in the Myovus, viz. that of

having the descending ramus perforated, its posterior angle acute,

and the upper posterior angle produced.

The incisor teeth are deeper than broad, and almost flat in front.

The molars are permanently, it would appear, = for in a skull of

a young animal in which but three molars on either side of the jaw

are protruded, there is no trace of the small anterior molar so com-

monly found in the Squirrels. They are very nearly equal in size,

and of a quadrate form; the crown of each molar of the upper jaw

127

is slightly indented, both on the outer and inner side, and the poste-

rior inner angle is somewhat produced; in the young animal it is

more distinctly produced and is acute, and the outer and inner in-

dentations are scarcely traceable. The molars of the lower jaw have

each a strong indentation on the outer side. The folds of enamel

cross the crowns of the molars in the transverse direction, and the

spaces between the folds (four or three in number) are about equal

in width to these folds. The masticating surfaces of these teeth are

worn flat by usage, even in the comparatively young animal, as in

other Rodents which have a large ant-orbital opening, and have not

the tubercular surface such as we find in the molars of the typical

Squirrels. These last-mentioned animals, it would appear, have a

rotatory motion of the lower jaw, whilst the Anomaluri have a lon-

gitudinal, no doubt combined with the rotatory motion; and this

difference is perhaps due to the action of that portion of the masse-

ter muscle which passes through the ant-orbital opening.

The apparatus of scales, Mr. Fraser remarked, was used by the

animal to support itself when resting on the trees, which it ascends

with great agility. He had observed this animal dart from the

top of a lofty tree to another at a considerable distance. Descend-

ing at an angle, it aimed with great nicety at the trunk of the tree

on which it intended to alight, and, settling near the base, it would

again ascend to travel to a third tree in the same manner ; occasion-

ally, when high up on the trunk, it would rest itself, making use of

the singular apparatus of scales on the under side of the tail. The

unarmed portion of the tail was then turned backwards and upwards.

Mr. Waterhouse then proceeded to characterize three new species

of Squirrels from Mr. Fraser’s collection, as follows:— ~

Scrurus Srancerr. Sc. pilis longis et rigidis, nigro et flavescenti-

penicillatis ; genis, guld, corporeque subtis pilis sparse obtectis, his

plerumque pallidis ; caudd magnd, nigro alboque annulatd ; auribus

parvulis ; foramine infra-orbitali haud in canali educto.

une. lin,

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 12 0

caud@........ fetahaet ovo, sWoiebetar ru 15 0

FOP SU MIG OT UMGUE:, sce ess ss 2 8i

ESAT MET meine ea, sk ARS 6 coe 0 5

Hab. in Insula Fernando Po.

_ The most striking external characters of this species consist in its

large tail, which is ringed with black and white; the crispness of

the fur and the seminaked condition of the under parts of the body,

the sides of the face, muzzle, throat, and the inner side of the limbs:

—all these parts are so sparingly clothed with hairs that the skin is

visible. On the upper parts of the body there is scarcely any trace

of the finer under-fur, nearly all the hairs being of the same harsh

character; they are black, broadly annulated with yellowish white

or rusty yellow; on the fore parts of the body the former tint pre-

vails, but the hinder parts may be described as black, freely pencilled

with bright rusty yellow; on the hind limbs this last-mentioned

Nek Lor, |

Now 4. (B42

128

colour prevails, as well as on the upper side of the tarsus. The small

adpressed hairs on the sides of the face are partly black and partly

yellowish white ; on the chest the hairs are for the most part whitish,

and on the inner side of the limbs rusty yellow; on the belly the

hairs are most of them yellowish white, annulated with black. The

tail is very long and bushy: measuring to the end of the hair, it

exceeds the head and body in length; excepting quite at the base,

where the tail is coloured like the body, all the hairs are black,

broadly annulated with white, and the white on the upper surface

forms bars or rings; these however become indistinct towards the

apex. The ears are of moderate size and rounded. The heel is

rather sparingly clothed with hair.

The skull of this animal is remarkable for its oblong-ovate form,

and for having the ant-orbital foramen further back than usual ; it

opens indeed directly into the anterior root of the zygomatic arch,

and is not in the form of a longish canal, such as we observe in other

Squirrels. The nasal portion of the skull is short and broad, and the

nasal bones correspond; the elongated form of the cranium is due

to the greatly produced hinder portion: the antero-posterior extent

of the extremely oblique bony plate forming the anterior root of the

zygomatic arch is great: the post-orbital process is well-developed :

the palate terminates very nearly in a line with the hinder part of

the posterior molars. The incisive foramina are moderate. The au-

ditory bulle are rather small. The incisors are strong and very deep

from front to back. The molars are small in proportion to the skull.

The dimensions of the skull are,

P in. lin,

Potallength |. visconti) Sphoowraenn aioe poliasid W20kD

Greatest widtlehis? sx sistktoe tins Brueseh rpg aire ae 1 64

Width. between ‘onbitse .i.i,<aicin sdkyearcits >! Fi ey Oe. 0 103

Length from post-orbital process to occiput.......... 1 4

rd) AY ans en Oe eT SESE ene eS 12

from front of the incisors to the first molar.... 0 11

Longitudinal extent of the four molars.............. 0 6

Leneth of nasal bones 76 fxs whayt sty are mee bere tis read rs 0 83

lest __ Scrurus Ruro-Bracuiatus. Sc. pilis mediocriter longis, subrigidis,

nigro et flavescenti-penicillatis ; corpore subtis sordide flavo vel

Pes: rufescenti-flavo ; artubus infra rufis ; caudd longa, non valde floc-

Brn La NP cosd, annulis nigris et albis, vel flavescenti-albis, ornatd, ad basin

Aiea \ Wow yun plerumque rufescente ; auribus parvulis ; dentibus incisoribus lon-

gitudinaliter subsulcatis.

2 N ; unc. lin.

Ths 2 Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 8 6

fan tous: Te SSS tee die cde, a aaa 10 6

. a tarsi digitorumque.......+2..+-+ eo ae

QUITS iis ows lark ete is eemenr eee 0 44

Hab. in Insula Fernando Po.

a! This species approaches very nearly to the Sciwrus annulatus of

ES authors, but is distinguishable by its richer colouring. ‘The general

OFS. (943 [Usd

129

tint of S. annulatus might be described as yellowish grey, whilst that

of the present animal is rusty grey; and especially by the bright

rust-like tint of the under side of the limbs, and the pale rust or

rusty white colour of the belly. The heel is clothed with hair.

The dimensions above given being from a skin, can only be re-

garded as an approximation; judging from the skull, the present

species must be much larger than the Sc. annulatus. Its form is

nearly the same, but the nasal portion is narrower and more elon-

gated, and the post-orbital processes are considerably larger in pro-

portion. The dimensions of the skull are as follows :—

Motilslengtly. . 149s] JEG AAG Ee PRB IEE. OFA LD: 2 14

Greatest width........ AGS PRIDE PVA EIR 1 24

Width. betweenvorbitsrs 11.05. 8. 39... PL ed 0 82

Length from the front of the incisors to the first molar O 7+

Tanptiviofipalate jvip. cer ten Jue f. . AY 0 104

Longitudinal extent of the four molars ........0... 0 5

Eength ‘of masal bones) 23! 28200 600199, WO WI GO BE

Sciurus ERyTHROGENYS. Sc. supra rufescenti-fuscus, pilis nigro

et rufescenti-penicillatis ; genis rufis; guld, corpore subtis, et

artubus interne albis ; caudad quam corpus breviore, nigrd, albo-

penicillatd, pilis ad basin rufescentibus ; auribus parvulis.

une. lin. 7

Longitudo ab apice rostriad caude basin.... 8 6

COUT SS ale tats cvaceis tata oka ix Sanaa: <eel MREES

— tarsi digitorumque .......4... 1 103

——— ULI WIE. 2 IPI ORION BIR 0 4

Hab. in Insula Fernando Po.

The bright rust-coloured cheeks, combined with the pure white

colour of the under parts of the body and inner side of the limbs,

will serve to distinguish this species. The fur is rather short and

moderately soft, and on the upper parts of the body the hairs are

black (inclining to greyish at the base) and broadly annulated with

rich rusty yellow at or near the point. A shortish longitudinal pale

mark is observable on each side of the body near the shoulders.

The feet are finely pencilled with black and yellowish white. The

tail is rather short and not very bushy, above black and rather spa-

ringly pencilled with white; upon separating the hairs, however,

they are found to be of a pale rust-colour near the base, and along

the mesial portion of the under side the tail is of a bright rusty red

colour. The tarsus is naked nearly to the heel, but on the heel are

a few hairs.

Mr. Fraser’s collection also contained a perfect skin of the Anti-

lope Ogilbii, an animal originally described from an imperfect speci-

men by Mr. Waterhouse in the Society’s Proceedings for May 1838,

p- 60.

This animal belongs to the same division as the A. sylvicultrix of

authors, and is apparently equal to that animal in size. As in the

species just mentioned, the muzzle is naked, and the horns are placed

far behind the eye ; they are short, straight (or nearly so) and pointed.

130

Mr. Fraser’s notes state that the animal is provided with a gland

between the hoofs, and that the female has four teats.

The fur is short, glossy and adpressed, and of a bright rusty red

colour, darkish on the back, and paler on the under parts of the

body ; a black mark runs along the back very nearly to the tail ; this

mark is broadest towards the shoulders, where its width is about an

inch or rather less; over the shoulders it becomes obliterated, blend-

ing gradually into the brownish hue which covers those parts and

the neck. The upper surface of the head is of a deep rusty red

colour, shading into black at the tip of the muzzle; the sides of the

face are yellowish fawn-colour, and the throat is whitish. The ears

are of moderate size, broad and somewhat pointed ; externally they

are clothed with closely adpressed small hairs, which are for the

most part of a black colour, but in front at the base they assume a

bright rust tint ; this is also the colour of the fringe of longish hairs

on the anterior margin. About half-way down the fore leg and on

the anterior surface some black hairs are observable, intermixed with

those of the ordinary colour; these become more numerous lower

down and form a mark which becomes gradually broader, and from

the front to the hoof it encircles the foot ; numerous white hairs are

intermixed on this part, and they form a white ring next to the hoof.

The hind feet are coloured in the same way.

Mr. Waterhouse then read his description of a species of Cat pro-

cured at Sierra Leone.

Feuis rutitus. F-. pilis brevibus adpressis ; corpore supra ferrugi-

neo, ad latera indistincté maculato, maculis parvulis, subtis albido

maculis rufo-nigricantibus ornato ; caudd brevi, immaculatd, supra

obscure rufd, subtis pallidiore.

CONUS Belair 45:6:5i60 3 Dee eele d 10 0O

The skin which furnishes the above characters was procured by

Mr. Fraser when at Sierra Leone, and was said to be from the Man-

dingo country. Unfortunately, like all other skins brought from the

interior for sale or barter, it is imperfect, wanting the head and lower

part of the limbs. In the shortness of its tail and in its nearly uni-

form colouring, it approaches the Lynxes. It probably inhabits the

mountains.

Imperfect skins of the Cercopithecus Campbelli were also procured

by Mr. Fraser at the same time; they were likewise said to be from

the Mandingo country.

131

October 11, 1842.

R. H. Solly, Esq., in the Chair.

An extract from a letter from the Society’s President, the Earl of

Derby, was read. It announced that his Lordship had succeeded in

hatching and partially rearing two young Fire-backed Pheasants

(Euplocomus ignitus ? Auct.), and also four young Rheas. The young

birds were alive and thriving at the time the letter was written, Oc-

tober 6th, 1842.

Mr. Gould exhibited and characterized the following thirty new

species of Australian Birds :—

Hirunpo neoxena. Hir. fronte, mento, guld, et pectore ferrugineo-

rubris ; rectricum caude (rectricibus duabus intermediis exceptis),

pogonio interno oblique,albo notato ; corpore supra metallice ceru-

leo, subtis pallidé fuscescente.

Forehead, chin, throat and chest rust-red ; head, back of the neck,

back, scapularies, wing-coverts, rump and upper tail-coverts deep

steel-blue ; wings and tail blackish brown; all but the two centre

feathers of the latter with an oblique mark of white on the inner

web ; under surface very pale brown; under tail-coverts pale brown,

passing into an irregular crescent-shaped mark near the extremity,

and tipped with white ; irides dark brown; bill and legs black.

Total length, 6 inches; bill, $; wing, 42; tail, 3; tarsi, 3.

Hab. The whole of the southern coast of Australia and Van Die-

men’s Land.

Messrs. Vigors and Horsfield considered this species to be iden-

tical with the bird figured by Sparmann in the ‘ Museum Carlsonia-

num’ under the name of Hirundo Javanica, which is there represented

with a square tail, and which, if drawn correctly, is not only specifi-

cally but generically distinct. Those gentlemen likewise considered

it to be identical with the Hirondelle Orientale of M. Temminck’s

* Planches Coloriées,’ but from which also I conceive it to be distinct.

On the contrary, the swallow figured in Griffith’s edition of Cuvier’s

‘ Animal Kingdom’ is certainly the Australian bird; but as the spe-

cific term there given had been previously employed by Sparmann,

as mentioned above, the necessity of a new name for the present

bird has been forced upon me; and that of neovena has suggested

itself as appropriate, from the circumstance of its appearance through-

out the whole of the southern portions of Australia being hailed as a

welcome indication of the approach of spring, and its arrival there

associated with precisely the same ideas as those popularly enter-

tained respecting our own pretty swallow in Europe. The two

species are in fact beautiful representatives of each other, and assi-

No. CXVII,—Proczrpines or THE ZooogicaL Sociery.

132

milate not only in their migratory movements, but also most closely

in their whole habits, actions and economy.

Cottocatra Ariey. Coll. vertice ferrugineo-rubro, dorso, plumis

scapularibus, et alarum tectricibus saturate metallico-ceruleis,

uropygio fulvescenti-albo, tectricibus caude fuscis; corpore subtis

albo, ferrugineo tincto.

Crown of the head rust-red; back, scapularies and wing-coverts

deep steel-blue ; wings and tail dark brown; rump buffy white ; up-

per tail-coverts brown; under surface white, tinged with rust-red,

particularly on the sides of the neck and flanks; the feathers of the

throat with a fine line of dark brown down the centre; irides black-

ish brown; bill blackish grey ; legs and feet olive-grey.

Total length, 4 inches; bill, 3; wing, 33; tail, 13; tarsi, Z.

Hab. The southern portions of Australia.

Dicrurvs Bracteatus. Dic. corpore supra et infra saturate nigro ;

plumis capitis lunuld metallico-viridi, illis corporis presertim pec-

toris guttd ejusdem splendoris, ad apicem bracteatis.

Head, body above and below deep black ; the feathers of the head

with a crescent, and the feathers of the body, particularly of the

breast, with a spot of deep metallic green at the tip; wings and tail

deep glossy green; under wing-coverts black, tipped with white;

jrides brownish red; bill and feet blackish brown.

Total length, 104 inches; bill, 13 ; wing, 6 ; tail, 54; tarsi, 2.

Hab. The eastern and northern coasts of Australia.

Syn. Dicrurus balicassius, Vig. & Horsf., but not of Lath.

Rurpipura pryas, Gould. Rhipi. fronte, dorso inferiore, tectrici-

busque caude ferrugineis ; caudd Suscescenti-cinered, rectricibus

duabus intermediis ad apicem obscure albo notatis, reliquis per

partem apicalem tertiam albis.

Forehead rust-red ; crown of the head, back of the neck, upper

part of the back and the wings olive-brown ; lower part of the back

and upper tail-coverts rust-red ; tail brownish grey, the two centre

feathers obscurely tipped with white, and the remainder white for

one-third of their length from the tip; throat white; ear-coverts

dark brown; chest black, the feathers being edged with white as

they pass on to the abdomen, which is wholly white; flanks and un-

der tail-coverts very faintly tinged with buff; irides blackish brown ;

bill black ; feet dark brown.

Total length, 5% inches ; bill, 3; wing, 28 ; tail, 3%; tarsi, 3.

This species is: nearly allied to Rhipidura rufifrons, but differs in

being much smaller, in the red not extending on to the plumes and

shafts of the tail-feathers, and in there being more white on their

extremities.

Hab. Port Essington, north coast of Australia.

Micrawca FuAvicAster. Mic. corpore superiore fuscescenti-

olivaceo ; alis cauddque fuscis, colore pallidiore plumis marginatis ;

guld albd, corpore inferiore flavo.

All the upper surface brownish olive; wings and tail brown, mar-

183

gined with paler brown ; throat white ; all the under surface yellow ;

irides dark brown; bill blackish brown ; feet blackish grey.

Total length, 33 inches; bill, 3 ; wing, 23; tail, 24; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Port Essington.

Geryconre* macntrostris. Ger. corpore supra fusco, infra albo ;

primariis leviter olivaceo-marginatis ; caudd prope apicem indi-

» stincté fuscescenti-nigro vittata.

All the upper surface brown; margins of the primaries slightly

tinged with olive ; tail-feathers crossed near the extremity by an in-

distinct broad band of brownish black; all the under surface white,

tinged with brownish buff; irides light brown ; bill olive-brown ; the

base of the lower mandible pearl-white ; feet greenish grey.

Total length, 32 inches ; bill, ;%,; wing, 24; tail, 1]; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Port Essington.

, Gerycone cHLononotus. Ger. capite et nuchd fuscescenti-cinereis ;

dorso, alarum tectricibus, uropygio, tectricibus caude, remigum

primorum marginibus, et per partem dimidiam basalem marginibus

caude rectricum nitid? olivaceo-viridibus ; corpore subtis, lateribus,

crissoque olivaceo-flavis.

Head and back of the neck brownish grey; back, wing-coverts,

rump, upper tail-coverts, margins of the primaries, and the margins

of the basal half of the tail-feathers, bright olive-green; primaries

and tail-feathers brown, the latter becoming much darker towards

the extremity ; under surface white; sides and vent olive-yellow ;

irides wood-brown; upper mandible greenish grey; lower mandible

white ; feet blackish grey.

Total length, 34 inches; bill, 4 ; wing, 23; tail, 12; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Port Essington.

GERYGONE LEVIGASTER. Ger. corpore superiore ferrugineo-fusco ;

inferiore albo, leviter flavido tincto.

A narrow obscure line, commencing at the nostrils and passing

over the eye, yellowish white; all the upper surface rusty brown;

primaries brown, margined with lighter brown ; tail whitish at the

base, gradually deepening into nearly black, the lateral feather

largely, and the remainder, except the two middle ones, slightly

tipped with white ; all the under surface white, slightly washed with

yellow ; irides light reddish brown ; bill olive-brown ; base of lower

mandible light ash-grey ; feet dark greenish grey.

Total length, 32 inches; bill, 5; wing, 2; tail, 13; tarsi, 2.

Hab, Port Essington.

For a new form, nearly allied to Gerygone, Mr. Gould proposed

the generic name of Smicrornis, with the following characters :—

Gen, Char.—Rostrum parvulum, et instar grani tritici; feré cylin-

draceum ; a basi incurvatum. Nares basales oblonge, et oper-

* Psilopus of the former parts of these ‘ Proceedings,’ and for which the

term Gerygone is now substituted, the former term having been previously

employed,

134

culo obtectz ; ad basin rostri, pili tenuissimi admodum pauci.

Ale modicé longz, alula brevissima, primariz tertia, quarta, et

quinta longissime, et inter se feré wquales. Cauda brevis, et

quadrata. Tuarsi modici; digiti perbreves; digitus posticus cum

intermedio feré cozqualis. Ungues admodum adunci, et ad he-

rendum aptati.

SMICRORNIS FLAVESCENS. Smic. corpore superiore nitide flaves-

centi-olivaceo, plumis capitis strigd fuscd fere obsoletd longitudi-

naliter notatis, corpore inferiore nitideé flavo.

All the upper surface bright yellowish olive; the feathers of the

head with an indistinct line of brown down the centre; wings brown ;

tail brown, deepening into black near the extremity, and with a large

oval spot of white on the inner web, near the tip of all but the two

central feathers ; all the under surface bright yellow.

Total length, 23 inches ; bill, ;5 ; wing, 14; tail, 14; tarsi, -%.

Hab. Port Essington.

PacHYCEPHALA FALCATA, Gould. Pach. vertice, loris, plumis au-

ricularibus, dorso, caudeque tectricibus cinereis ; guld albd, lunuld

nigra infra circumdatd.

Adult male-—Crown of the head, lores, ear-coverts, back and

upper tail-coverts grey; wings dark brown, all the feathers mar-

gined with grey ; throat white, bounded below by a distinct crescent

of black; abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts orange-brown ;

tail dark brown; the basal portion of the webs edged with grey;

irides reddish brown; bill black ; feet blackish brown.

Total length, 53 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 33; tail, 22; tarsi, 7.

Adult female.—Crown of the head and all the upper surface grey ;

ear-coverts brownish grey ; throat buffy white, passing into light buff

' or fawn-colour on the chest, flanks, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ;

the feathers of the throat and chest with a narrow dark line down

the centre; wings and tail as in the male.

Total length, 54 inches; bill, $; wing, 34; tail, 23; tarsi, 3.

Young male.—Similar in colour to the female, but with the throat

whiter and the markings-on the chest much more distinct, and ex-

tending over the abdomen also.

Nearly allied to Pachycephala pectoralis, but differs in being rather

smaller, and in having no black round the eyes or on the ear-coverts.

Hab. Port Essington.

PaCHYCEPHALA MELANURA. Pach. capite, lunuld pone oculos, per

latera colli ductd et pectus transeunte, cauddque nigris ; guld albd,

torque nuchali, corporeque subtis, saturate flavis.

Head, crescent commencing behind the eye and crossing the chest,

and the tail black; throat pure white; collar round the back and

sides of the neck, and all the under surface very rich gamboge-yellow ;

upper surface rich yellowish olive; wings black; the coverts mar-

gined with yellowish olive; the primaries narrowly and the secon-

daries broadly margined with yellowish grey; bill and feet black ;

irides brown.

135

Total length, 6 inches; bill, 3; wing, 3}; tail, 25; tarsi, 7.

Hab. North coast of Australia.

PacHYcEPHALA SIMPLEX. Pach. corpore superiore fusco, inferiore

fuscescenti-albo, singulis plumis striga fuscd fere obsoleta longi-

tudinaliter notatis.

All the upper surface brown; all the under surface brownish

white, with a very faint stripe of brown down the centre of each

feather ; irides light brown ; bill and feet black.

Total length, 5 inches; bill, ; wing, 27; tail, 22; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Port Essington.

Mr, Gould then mentioned, that having obtained another species

of the same form as the Acanthiza pyrrhopygia of Messrs. Vigors and

Horsfield, which latter differs considerably from the other members

of that group, he proposed to form the two birds into a new genus,

under the name of Hylacola, with the following characters :—

Genus Hyxaco.ta.

Gen. Char.—Rostrum capite brevius, compressum, ad basin equé

altum atque latum; culmen gradatim ad apicem mandibul supe-

rioris declive; apex levitér emarginatus ; rictus vibrissis raris in-

structus. Nares basales, oblonge, magis grandes, et operculo

tecte. Ale breves, admodim rotundatz concave ; primariz prima,

secunda et tertia, longitudine dissimili, quarta, quinta, et sexta

cozquales, et longissime. Cauda magis elongata, et rotundata.

Tarsi mediocres. Digiti magis elongati; externi cozquales.

Typus, Acanthiza pyrrhopygia, Vig. and Horsf.

Hyxacota cauta. AHyl. lined alba per faciem super oculos ductd,

vertice, corporeque superiore fuscis ; caude tectricibus crissoque

pallide castaneis ; alarum tectricibus fuscis, fuscescenti-albo mar-

ginatis, primariis fuscis, pogoniis externis ad basin conspicue

albis.

At the base of the upper mandible a line of white, which con-

tinues along the side of the face and over the eye; above this a nar-

row line of black ; crown of the head and all the upper surface brown ;

upper and under tail-coverts bright chestnut; wing-coverts brown,

edged with brownish white; primaries brown, with the outer web at

the base white, forming a conspicuous spot in the centre of the wing ;

tail blackish brown, tipped with white; throat striated with black

and white, produced by each feather being fringed with white, and

having a strong stripe of black down the centre; flanks mottled

brown and white; abdomen white; bill dark brown; irides buff-

white ; feet flesh-brown.

Total length, 5% inches; bill, 9; wing, 22; tail, 23; tarsi, Z.

Hab. Western Belts of the Murray in South Australia.

CINCLORAMPHUS CANTATORIS. Cinc. corpore superiore arenaceo-

fusco, colore plumarum centrali saturatiore, notd ante oculos tri-

angulari fuscescenti-nigrd ; guld et pectore sordidé albis, hujus

136

plumis strigd fuscé longitudinaliter notatis, corpore inferiore pal-

lide fusco, abdomine medio saturate fusco.

All the upper surface sandy brown, the centres of the feathers

darker; primaries and tail greyish brown, slightly margined with

reddish brown; immediately before the eye a triangular spot of

brownish black ; throat and chest dull white, the latter with a stripe

of brown down each feather ; under surface light brown ; in the cen-

tre of the abdomen a patch of dark brown, each feather margined

with pale brown; bill and feet fleshy brown.

Total length, 8 inches ; bill, 13 ; wing, 43; tail, 43; tarsi, 14.

Hab. South Australia.

Pritoris rLava. til. corpore superiore, alis, cauddque olivaceo-

flavis ; corpore inferiore lucidé ejusdem coloris.

All the upper surface, wings and tail olive-yellow ; inner webs of

the primaries brown; all the under surface bright olive-yellow ; bill

blackish brown ; feet reddish flesh-brown.

Total length, 6} inches; bill, 7; wing, 34; tail, 34; tarsi, 3.

Hab. North coast of Australia.

Pritoris versicoLor. til. corpore superiore fuscescenti-olivaceo,

plumis flavescenti-olivaceo marginatis, alis cauddque subtis luteolis ;

strigd superoculart nigrd ; plumis auricularibus saturate cinereis ;

strigd infra-auriculari nitide flavd, guld et corpore subtis flavis,

singulis plumis strigd fuscd longitudinaliter notatis ; crisso palli-

diore.

All the upper surface brownish olive, tinged with yellowish olive

on the margins of the feathers ; outer webs of the primaries and tail

wax-yellow ; inner webs brown; under surface of the wing and tail

yellowish buff; stripe over the eye to the back of the neck black ;

ear-coverts dark grey ; below the ear-coverts a stripe of bright yellow ;

throat and under surface yellow, becoming paler as it approaches the

vent, each feather with a stripe of brown down the centre.

Total length, 8 inches; bill, 1; wing, 4 ; tail, 33; tarsi, 1,

Hab. North coast of Australia.

Prizotis unicotor. Pil. loris et orbitis saturate fuscis ; colore

corporis fuscescenti-olivaceo, apud partes inferiores pallidiore ;

primariis clariore marginatis ; humeris internis luteolis.

Lores and orbits deep brown; all the plumage brownish olive; the

under surface paler than the upper ; primaries margined with brighter

olive than the other parts of the body; under surface of the shoulder

pale buff; irides obscure red; bill dark olive-brown; naked gape

fleshy white, passing into yellow at the corner of the mouth; legs

and feet light ash-grey.

Male.—Total length, 7 inches ; bill, 1 ; wing, 37; tail, 33; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Port Essington,

The sexes are alike in colour, but the female is considerably

smaller in size.

Myzomera onscura. Myz. colore corporis sordide fusco, apud

partes inferiores pallidiore, et ad caput tincturd vinaced.

137

The whole of the plumage dull brown, with a vinous tinge on the

head ; paler on the under surface ; irides bright red ; bill dark green-

ish black; feet dark bluish grey ; tarsi tinged with yellow.

Male.—Total length, 5 inches ; bill, 8; wing, 23; tail, 23; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Port Essington.

The sexes differ only in the female being much smaller in size.

Guycrruta rascrata. Glye. vertice fuscescenti-nigro, plumis ad

apicem lunuld parvuld albd ornatis ; uropygio rufo tincto, facie

lateribus, guld et corpore subtis albis, ab angulis oris strigd an-

gusta fuscescenti-nigrd per latera colli ducta ; pectore lineis semi-

circularibus fuscescenti-nigris transversim fasciato-lateribus et

crisso luteolis, laterum plumis strigd centrali Sfuscescenti-nigra

longitudinaliter notatis.

Crown of the head brownish black, with a small crescent of white

at the extremity of each feather; feathers of the back very dark

brown, margined with buffy brown ; rump tinged with rufous ; wings

and tail dark brown, fringed with light brown; sides of the face,

throat, and under surface white ; from the angle of the mouth down the

side of the neck a narrow stripe of brownish black; chest crossed by

a number of semicircular brownish black fascie; flanks and under

tail-coverts buff, the former with a stripe of brownish black down

the centre ; irides reddish brown ; bill greenish grey ; feet aurora-red.

Total length, 4% inches ; bill, 3; wing, 22; tail, 22; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Port Essington.

Enromoruina? rurogunarts. Ent. capite et corpore superiore

fuscis ; primariis et caude rectricibus, externe colore cerino mar-

ginatis, guld ferrugined.

Head and all the upper surface brown; wings and tail darker

brown ; primaries, secondaries and tail-feathers margined externally

with wax-yellow ; throat rust-red ; sides of the head and all the un-

der surface very pale brown; bill and feet dark purplish brown.

Total length, 43 inches ; bill, £; wing, 22; tail, 22; tarsi, 3.

Hab. North coast of Australia.

Enromopuita? aLpocuiaris. Ent. capite saturate cinereo, cor-

pore superiore fusco ; alis cauddque saturatioribus ; primariis,

secundariis, rectricibusque caude per partem basalem dimidiam

cerino marginatis ; guld albd, pectore et lateribus e rubro-luteolis ;

abdomine medio, et crisso albis.

Head dark grey; all the upper surface brown; wings and tail

darker brown; primaries, secondaries, and basal half of the tail-

feathers margined with wax-yellow; throat pure white; chest and

flanks reddish buff; centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts

white ; irides bright reddish brown; bill blackish grey; feet bluish

ey.

J'otal length, 44 inches ; bill, $ ; wing, 23 ; tail, 2; tarsi, 2.

The female is similar, but much less brilliant in colour than her

mate.

Hab. Port Essington.

138

CaLYPTORHYNCHUS MACRORHYNCHUS. Cal. mas fulgid® e ca-

ruleo-niger, rectricibus caude tribus externis (externe pogonio

externo excepto) fere apud medium vittd latd pulchre coccined fas-

ciatis.

Fem. a mari differt plumis criste, laterum capitis, tectricumque

alarum flavido-guttatis, singulis plumis corporis inferioris, et pre-

sertim pectoris fasciis nonnullis luteolis ornatis ; rectricibus caude

tribus externis subtis, crebre et irregulariter flavido-fasciatis ; su-

pra ad basin fasciis nitidé flavis ad basin, exinde ad apicem pal-

lide coccineis notatis.

Male.—The whole of the plumage glossy bluish black; lateral

tail-feathers, except the external web of the outer one, crossed by a

broad band of fine scarlet; bill horn-colour; irides blackish brown ;

feet mealy blackish brown.

Female.—General plumage as in the male, but with the crest-

feathers, those on the sides of the face and neck, and the wing-

coyerts, spotted with light yellow ; each feather of the under surface,

but particularly the chest, crossed by several semicircular fasciz of

yellowish buff ; lateral tail-feathers crossed on the under surface by

numerous irregular bands of dull yellow, which are broad and freckled

with black at the base of the tail, and become narrower and more

irregular as they approach the tip; on the upper surface of the tail

these bands are bright yellow at the base of the feathers, and gra-

dually change into pale scarlet as they approach the tip; irides

blackish brown.

Total length, 2 inches ; bill, 14 in length and 3 in depth; wing, 16;

tail, 12; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Port Essington.

CacaTua sancuinea. Cac. corpore albo, plumis faciei, ad basin

sanguineo-tinctis ; primariis, secundariis et rectricibus caude, cum

pogoniis internis ad basin sulphureis.

All the plumage white ; base of the feathers of the lores and sides

of the face stained with patches of blood-red ; base of the inner webs

of the primaries, secondaries and tail-feathers fine sulphur-yellow ;

bill yellowish white ; feet mealy brown.

Total length, 15 inches; bill, 14; wing, 108; tail, 6; tarsi, 7.

Hab. North coast of Australia.

CLIMACTERIS MELANURA, Gould. Clim. fronte, corpore superiore,

rectricibusque caude ex holoserico fuscescenti-nigris ; occipite et

nucha ferrugineo-tinctis ; primariis et secundariis ad apicem et

basin saturate fuscis ; plumis gularibus albis nigro-marginatis ;

abdomine et lateribus ferrugineis ; crisso nigro.

Forehead, all the upper surface and tail-feathers velvety brownish

black; the occiput and back of the neck stained with ferruginous

brown ; primaries and secondaries dark brown at the base and at the

tip; the intermediate space buff, forming a conspicuous band across

the wing when expanded; feathers of the throat white, edged all

round with black, giving the throat a striated appearance ; abdomen

139

and flanks ferruginous brown ; under tail-coverts black, irregularly

crossed with bars of buff; bill and feet blackish brown.

Total length, 62 inches; bill, 7; wing, 4; tail, 3; tarsi, l.

In size this species rather exceeds the Climacteris scandens.

Hab. The north-west coast of Australia.

From the collection of Mr. Bynoe.

Porzana FLUMINEA. Porz. corpore superiore olivaceo ; singulis

plumis strigd centrali nigrescente, et ad marginem guttis duabus

albis antic? et postice nigro-cinctis, ornatis ; facie, guld, pectore

et abdomine superiore plumbeo-cinereis, abdomine imo, et lateribus

cinerescenti-nigris, lineis albis angustis irregulariter fasciatis.

All the upper surface olive, with a broad stripe of blackish brown

down the centre and two oval spots of white, bounded above and

below with black on the margin of each web of every feather ; pri-

maries and secondaries brown ; tail dark brown, margined with lighter

brown and with an indication of white spots on the extreme edge;

face, throat, chest, and upper part of the abdomen dark slate-grey ;

lower part of the abdomen and flanks greyish black, crossed by nar-

row irregular bars of white ; under tail-coverts white ; bill orange-

red at the base, and dark olive-green for the remainder of its length ;

feet dark olive-green.

Total length, 7 inches ; bill, %; wing, 33; tail, 1}; tarsi, 1.

Hab. New South Wales.

Porzana PALusTRIs. Porz. capite et nuchd ferrugineo-fuscis, sin-

gulis plumis longitudinaliter strigdé centrali. nigrescenti-ornatis ;

plumis dorsalibus scapularibus, et secundartis fuscescenti-nigris,

rufescente marginatis, et strigd oblongd alba nigro interrupta or-

natis ; guld, pectore, et abdomine superiore cinereis ; abdomine imo

et lateribus nigrescentibus lineis latis irregularibus cinereis fas-

ciatis.

Head and back of the neck rusty brown, with a stripe of blackish

brown down the centre of each feather ; feathers of the back, scapu-

laries and secondaries brownish black margined with rusty brown,

and with an oblong stripe or mark of white, interrupted in the mid-

dle with black ; wing-coverts rusty brown, a few of them marked on

their inner webs like the scapularies; primaries brown, two or three

of the innermost with a mark or marks of white at the tip ; tail dark

brown, fringed with rusty brown ; face, throat, chest and upper part

of the abdomen grey; lower part of the abdomen and flanks black-

ish grey, crossed by broad irregular bands of grey; bill and feet

olive- brown.

Total length, 6 inches ; bill, $; wing, 3; tail, 14; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

Srerna vetox. Stern. fronte, loris, colli lateribus, et corpore in-

feriore albis ; spatio circumoculari, occipite et nuchd nigris ; cor-

pore superiore, alis, cauddque bellé cinereis.

Forehead, lores, sides of the neck, and all the under surface white ;

space surrounding the eye, occiput, and back of the neck black ; all

140

the upper surface, wings and tail delicate grey; outer web of the

external quill greyish black ; shafts of all the primaries white ; irides

blackish brown ; bill black.

Total length, 13 inches; bill, 22 ; wing, 93; tail, 61; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Bass’s Straits.

HyprocHetipon FiuviaTitis. Hyd. fronte, vertice, et nuchd

nigris ; corpore superiore, alis cauddque pallide cinereis; facie

et guld albis, héc colore gradattm ad pectus cinerescente, et hoc

ad abdomen necnon ad latera nigrescente.

Forehead, crown and nape deep black; all the upper surface,

wings and tail light grey; sides of the face and the throat white,

gradually deepening into grey on the chest, and the grey into black

on the abdomen and flanks ; under surface of the shoulder and under

tail-coverts white ; irides black ; bill blood-red ; feet light blood-red.

Total length, 9% inches; bill, 13; wing, 83; tail, 31; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Rivers and lakes of the interior of New South Wales.

Tuatasseus Torresit. Thal. fronte, facie, et collo dorso su-

periore, partibusque inferioribus lucide albis ; plumis verticis et

illis oculos circumdantibus albis, guttd parvuld centrali nigra no-

tatis ; occipite et nuchd nigerrimis ; dorso alisque saturate cinereis,

caudd pallide cinerea.

Forehead, sides of the face and neck, upper part of the back and

all the under surface silky white; feathers of the crown and sur-

rounding the eye white, with a minute spot of black in the centre

of each; occiput and back of the neck black; back and wings deep

grey ; tail grey; primaries greyish black, broadly margined on their

inner web with white ; the shafts white ; irides dark brown ; bill ochre-

yellow ; feet blackish grey.

Total length, 134 inches; bill, 2%; wing, 114; tail, 44; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Port Essington.

Nearly allied to S. poliocerca, but much smaller in size.

STERNULA NEREIS. Stern. vertice et nuchd nigris, hic colore ocu-

los cingente maculamque anteriorem efficiente, ut non in frontem

ducto ; fronte albo ; dorso alisque belle ex argenteo-cinereis ; cor-

pore inferiore, uropygio et caudd albis.

Crown of the head and back of the neck black, which colour ex-

tends round the eye, and is continued in the form of a spot before

that organ ; but this colour does not extend on to the forehead, which

is white; back and wings delicate silvery grey ; the outer web of the

external primary dark grey at the base, gradually passing into grey

towards the tip; all the under surface, rump and tail pure white ;

irides black ; bill, tongue and feet rich orange-yellow.

Total length, 104 inches ; bill, 12; wing, 74; tail, 44; tarsi, ;%.

Hab. Bass’s Straits.

A paper, “‘ On the Blood-corpuscles of some of the Struthionide,”

by George Gulliver, Esq., was then read.

I had lately an opportunity of examining the blood of a young

141

Ostrich, killed by accident in the Society’s menagerie. The follow-

ing measurements of the corpuscles are expressed in vulgar fractions

of an English inch :—

Ostrich (Struthio Camelus, Linn.).

Length of the discs. Breadth of the dises.

1-1690 1-3000 Common size.

1-1714

-2000 Small size. 1-4000 Small size.

1-1333 Large size. 1-2400 Large size.

\ Common sizes.

1-1649 Average. 1-3000 Average.

Thickness of the discs.

fe 1-9166

Dimensions of the nuclei, exposed by dilute acetic acid.

Length. Breadth.

1-3200 1-9166

Diameter of the pale globules of the blood.

1-3329

I have given several measurements of the blood-discs of the Emu

and of the Rhea in the ‘ Appendix to Gerber’s Anatomy,’ p. 77, from

which the following averages are taken :—

Emu (Dromaius Nove-Hollandie, Vieill.).

Length. Breadth.

1-1690 1-3031

American Ostrich (Rhea Americana, Briss.).

Length. Breadth.

1-1898 1-3273

A comparison of these measurements will show that the blood-

discs of the common Ostrich are slightly larger than those of the

Emu and of the Rhea.

Mr. Fraser laid before the Meeting some new species of Birds,

constituting part of his collection formed at Fernando Po, and cha-

racterized them as follows :—

PLaTYSTEIRA CASTANEA. Platys. vertice genisque cinereis, mento

albo ; dorso, alis supern?, guld et pectore castaneis ; abdomine albo,

appendiculis carnosis circum oculos rubris ; rostro nigro iridibus

rufescenti-fuscis ; tarsis ceruleo-purpurescentibus.

Inter sexus haud coloris vera.

Long. tot. 3,5, unc.; rostri, 755; ale, 2;2;; caude, 58 ; tarsi, 35.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

Found among the branches of the naked trees in June, sometimes

in pairs; they are short and thick in form, the feathering being of

downy nature. Its note is short.

142

This bird differs from Jardine and Selby’s Platyrhynchus Desma-

restit, Ill. Orn., vol. 1. pl. 9. fig. 2, in having the chestnut back and

wings and the short black tail.

PLATYSTEIRA LEUCOPYGIALIS. Platys. (mas) capite, genis, collo,

dorso, alis, caudd et vittd latd pectorali, sic et femoribus e ceruleo

nigris, uropygio, guld et abdomine albis.

Long. tot. 4 unc. ; rostri, 55; ale, 25%; caude, 9; tarsi, ;6.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

Found in the same situations as P. castanea.

Fleshy appendages around the eye, red; irides, red hazel; bill,

black ; legs, purplish : the gizzard contained insects.

This bird differs from Jardine and Selby’s Platyrhynchus collaris,

Ill. Orn., vol. i. pl. 9. fig. 1, in having a white rump, the wings en-

tirely black, the band across the chest much broader, and the fleshy

appendage around the eye red.

Puocevs couuaris. Ploc. vertice, capitis lateribus, et mento, nigris,

torque collari lato, castaneo; rostro nigro, tarsis fuscescentibus,

reliquis partibus aurantiaco, olivaceo et fuscescente variegatis,

Fere ut in Ploceo textore (vide Ploceus Textor, Swains.).

Long. tot. 73%; unc. ; rostri, 1,%,; ale, 4; caude, 34; tarsi, 15.

Hab: apud Insulam St. Thomas, Afric. occid.

This bird differs from P. tevtor in being of a greater size, in having

the chestnut collar encircling the neck, and the general colouring of

the body being less vivid.

EurLectes RUFOVELATUS. Huplec. (mas) vertice et nuchd, nitide

rubris, colore rubro in latera colli ducto; corpore in toto nigro,

iridibus e corylo rubris, tarsis et rostro nigris.

Long. tot. 7 unc. ; rostri, 1; ale, 4; caude, 2% ; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

A very good songster. ‘These birds, although in deep moult (in

June), appeared to be pairing. One specimen was shot from the top

of a yery lofty tree, the others much nearer the ground. In an ap-

parently young male the black extends across the forehead.

143

October 25, 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

My. Yarrell laid on the table, and called the attention of the Mem-

bers to the seventh part of MM. Ekstrom and Sundervall’s work on

the Fishes of Scandinavia.

Prof. Owen exhibited a specimen of the Pearly Nautilus (Nautilus

Pompilius), animal and shell, obtained by Capt. E. Belcher, R.N., at

Amboina. Prof. Owen alluded to the fact of the specimen described

by him in 1832 having been detached from the shell, which was de-

stroyed in its capture, and to the analogies which had guided him in

determining the position in which he had restored the soft parts to

the shell, and figured them, zz situ, in his memoir, Objections had

been made to this restoration by Mr. Gray* and by Dr. Grant} and

De Blainvillet, who were led by other analogies to believe that the

upper or outer lip of the shell must have crossed the back of the head,

instead of crossing the opposite side or funnel, as represented by

Mr. Owen. M. Valenciennes, who had subsequently received the soft

parts of a Nautilus, had adopted the position assigned to them in the

shell by Mr. Owen.

The present example, in which the animal had been restored by

Capt. Belcher to its shell in precisely the same position in which it

was received by him, when recent, closely agreed with the descrip-

tion and figure in Prof. Owen’s work§. _ The involuted spire of the

shell is covered by the dorsal fold of the mantle, and is lodged in

the concavity at the back of the muscular plate above the head. The

funnel rests upon the outer wall of the large chamber containing the

animal.

Capt. Belcher has signified his intention to present the specimen

to the Royal College of Surgeons, when the requisite investigations

into other doubtful or mooted points in the organization of the Nau-

tilus will be made.

A paper by G. B. Sowerby, Esq., Jun., containing descriptions of

two new species of shells belonging to the genus Strombus, was then

read. The specimens were collected by the Society’s Corresponding

Member, H. Cuming, Esq., in the Philippine Islands, and exhibited

by that gentleman to the Meeting.

SrromBus crispatus, Sow. Jun., Thes. Conch. parti. pl. 8. f. 62,

63. Str. testd turritd, fusiformi, concentricé plicatd, spiraliter

* Phil. Trans. 1833, p. 774. t+ Lancet, Dec. 28, 1835, pp. 506, 509.

t Nouvelles Animales du Muséum, tom. iii. p. 7.

§ Memoir on the Nautilus Pompilius, 4to, 1832 ; published by the Royal

College of Surgeons.

144

striatd ; aperturd ovali, postice in canalem brevem crispatam desi-

nente ; antice canali brevi rostratd; labio externo crasso, crenu-

lato ; labio interno crasso ; operculo lateraliter serrato.

Long. 1°5; lat. 0°40 poll.

Hab. Ins. Luzon, Panay, et Bureas, Philippmarum. H. Cuming

legit.

A finely sculptured species resembling the well-known Str. fissu-

rella, but rather more ventricose, with the edges of the posterior

canal free, rather short, and coiled at the extremity. The colour is

pale straw, with three brown bands across the body whorl.

STROMBUS BULBULUS, Sow. Jun., Thes. Conch. parti. pl. 9. f. 81,

82,83. Sir. testd ovali oblonga, levi, spird brevi; anfractu ul-

timo antice oblique truncato ; aperturd interne usque ad marginem

striata; labio externo vix expanso, paululiim incrassato ; sinu

antico invalido ; labio interno valido.

Long. 1°45 ; lat. 0°60 poll.

Hab. Ins. Philippine. H. Cuming legit.

This species differs from S. Terebellatus in being more ventricose,

in having the strize in the aperture extended to the outer margin, and

in having the inner lip more distinct.

Mr. Fraser communicated to the Meeting the following descrip-

tions of new species of Birds, constituting part of the collection he

had formed in the Niger expedition :—

Pelecanus rufescens, Gmel., vol. i. part 2. p.571. sp. 13; Lath.

Gen. Hist., vol. x. p. 404. sp. 8; Rupp. Atlas, vol. ii. taf. 21.

This specimen was killed at Egga, in which place it was seen in

large flocks in the month of October. This was the highest point to

which the Niger expedition ascended. The specimen in question

was killed by the late W. C. Willie, Esq., mate of H.M.S.V. Albert,

and presented to Mr. Fraser by Lieut. J. W. Fairholme, R.N., of

the same expedition.

Syzvia Bapicers. Sylv. (mas) vertice cinnamomino, plumis au-

ricularibus et corpore superiore cinereis ; alis cauddque e cinereo

Suscis ; genis guld, tectricibusque alarum inferioribus albis ; fascia

pectorali nigra ; corpore inferiore cinereo, apud medium pallidiore,

Iridibus e corylo-fuscis tarsis flavis.

Long. tot. 319 unc; rostri, 654; ; ale, 25%; caude, 1,5 ; tarsi, fy.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po. ;

A small beetle was found in the stomach.

CoccoruravstEs oLivaceus. Coccoth. capite, collo, pectore, dorso,

alarum tectricibus, corporisque lateribus saturate olivaceo-viridi-

bus ; hée colore ad uropygium, femora et caudam, tectricibus ala-

rum inferioribus, secundariis, rectricumque caude apicibus flavis ;

primariis nigris, ad apicem flavescenti-albis ; secundariis in media

parte nigris, ad marginem internum albis, ad apicem flavescentibus ;

rostro tarsisque flavis.

Long. tot. 74 unc. ; rostri, 4; ale, 2%; caude, 2; tarsi, 78;.

Hab, Clarence, Fernando Po.

145

Nierira Fusconotus. Nigr. capite, collo, tectricibus caud@, sic

et rectricibus nitid® nigris ; dorso, et plumis scapularibus cinereo-

fuscis ; alis nigrescentibus ; corpore inferiore sordideé albo, rostro

tarsisque nigris, iridibus e corylo-fuscis.

Long. tot. 4} unc. ; rostri, 3; ale, 21; caude, 2; tarsi, 5.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

Mr. Fraser stated it as his opinion that the bird above described

belonged to the Fringillide. It certainly appertains to the genus

characterized by Mr. Strickland in the ‘ Proceedings’ for April 1841,

p. 30, under the title Hthiops. This genus was founded upon a bird

(AXthiops canicapillus) also from Fernando Po, specimens of which

Mr. Fraser had obtained and exhibited to the Meeting. Finding the

generic name Azthiops had been previously used for a genus of

Monkeys, Mr. Fraser had been requested by Mr. Strickland to sub-

stitute for it the new generic title Nigrita. ‘The species described

by the gentleman last mentioned will therefore stand as Nigrita ca-

nicapillus, Strickl.

Amapina Pornsts. <Amad. nitid? nigra, primariis guttatis, secun-

dariis uropygio, plumisque lateribus albo-fasciatis ; abdomine, tec-

tricibus alarum inferioribus, crissoque albis ; iridibus e corylo-

Suscis ; rostro ceruleo ; tarsis nigris.

Long. tot. 4 unc. ; rostri, 3; ale, 2; caude, 14; tarsi, 5.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

Very common about Clarence, in flocks of about fifty ; their note

is ‘tweet-tweet.’ The young have a brownish cast; they feed en-

tirely upon seeds of the three-forked grass. The sexes do not differ.

AMADINA BICOLOR. Amad. (mus) corpore superiore, pectore, et

lateribus nigris ; abdomine, tectricibus alarum inferioribus, cris-

soque albis ; rostro ceruleo ; tarsis nigris.

Fem. vel Jun.: colore fusco, fronte genis, guldque nigrescentibus ;

lateribus et uropygio indistinct? albo-fasciatis.

Long. tot. 4 unc. ; rostri, 2; ale, 2; caude, 14; tarsi, 4.

Hab. apud promontorium Cape Palmas dictum.

A third specimen, which is smaller, is entirely brown, without

any indication of the white marks.

Common in the roofs of the huts belonging to the fish-men of Cape

Palmas, in which situation they breed and commit much mischief,

like our domestic sparrow (Pyrgita domestica, Cuv.). The native

name is Saybue.

This differs from Amadina Poensis in the absence, in the adult, of

the white markings on the wings, rump, and sides.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited and described two new species of Mouse,

one collected in the Philippine Islands by H. Cuming, Esq., and the

other forming part of Mr. Gould’s Australian collection,

Mus castanrvus. Mus intense castaneus, corpore subtis pallidiore ;

caudd corpore cum capite longiore ; auribus mediocribus.

146

une. lin,

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 2 7

—_——_—— ad basin auris .... O §&

tarsi digitorumque .... wesevees soy Onaee

UES Che c SPL osha utes’ Jlaevcba atte Quxj ae

CONDE Sitcoms ass = oeiaieh ee seorseu sO

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinarum.

This little mouse is remarkable for its nearly uniform deep and

rich chestnut-brown colour, at least such is the tint it presents in

spirits ; the under parts of the body are rather paler than the upper ;

the feet and tail are uniform in hue with the body. Compared with

the common mouse (M. musculus), it differs in being smaller, in

having the rostrum more slender, and the tail proportionately longer.

Mus Nov#-Houranpia. Mus supra canus flavescente-lavatus ;

corpore subtis pedibusque albis ; auribus mediocribus ; caudd quoad

longitudinem corpus feré equante.

une, lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 3 O

CRUG, CU CHER 42/0. ss mee hae 2 0

tarsi digitorumque .......0.. 0008 0 .92

‘Hab. New South Wales.

This mouse was found, together with two young specimens, under

a large slab of bark at Yarrundi, Upper Hunter, New South Wales.

In size and colouring it approaches most nearly to the Mus sylvaticus,

but its tail is considerably shorter than in that animal. In the form

of the skull the present species also approaches the M. sylvaticus,

but the nasal portion of the cranium is shorter; the molar teeth are

of the same structure, but apparently rather larger in proportion.

The fur is rather long and very soft; on the upper parts the hairs

are of a deep grey colour, tipped with brownish yellow; on the belly

the hairs are of a less deep grey colour next the skin, and white ex-

ternally. The tarsi are rather long and slender. ‘The tail is white

beneath and dusky above.

7s 147

November 8, 1842.

R. C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair.

An extract of a letter from the Society’s President, the Earl of

Derby, was read. His Lordship observes, with reference to some

young Rheas hatched in the menagerie, that the eggs were laid in

one of his Lordship’s paddocks, and were collected into a nest by the

male bird, who sat upon them very perseveringly until the keeper,

thinking the spot selected was too exposed, removed the eggs and

placed them under some Turkeys. They were ultimately, however,

placed in Mr. Appleyard’s hatching apparatus, and in about a week

or ten days were hatched. ‘The letter moreover announces the safe

arrival of three Elands (Antilope Oreas, Pall.) in his Lordship’s me-

nagerie.

A memoir on the anatomy of a species of Calyptrea with a ven-

tral shelly valve (Lithedaphus longirostris, Ow.), by Prof. Owen, was

then read. The normal valve secreted by the Lithedaphus resembles

‘a Calyptrea, and indeed is possibly a variety of the Calyptrea

equestris of authors; but the animal is inclosed, like the Acepha-

lous Mollusks, in a bivalve shell. The additional plate, in the

present instance, Professor Owen shows to be connected with a mo-

dification in the organization of the animal which establishes its

claim to a subgeneric distinction among the Calypireide. The

specimens dissected were collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Phi-

lippine Islands, and the circumstances connected with this discovery

are recorded by that gentleman in the ‘ Conchologia Systematica’ of

Mr. L. Reeve (vol. 11. p. 31).

“ Lithedaphus differs from all previously described Calyptr aide i in

some well-marked external characters of its soft parts. The head,

instead of being short, broad and flat, is long and subcylindrical ;

the part anterior to the tentacles being produced in the form of a

proboscis, equalling in length the whole ‘body behind it, and termi-

nated by a clavate extremity. The tentacles or antenne are of pro-

portional length, reaching, in some specimens, to the beginning of

the terminal expansion of the proboscis. The second external cha-

racter is a moderately long subcompressed process, projecting for-

wards between the head and the anterior margin of the foot, like a

second head, but consisting only of a soft duplicature of the mantle,

with muscular fibres for protraction and retraction. In some speci-

mens the apex of this process was expanded and a little produced on

each side. :

“The foot, in the specimens examined, was much smaller in pro-

portion than in Calyptrea or Calypeopsis; it presents a subcircular

form, as in Cal. Sinensis, but only equals half the diameter of the

No. CXVIII.—Procrrpines or THE Zoox. Soc.

148

entire body* ; its whole margin is free, not produced anteriorly into

lobes, as in Calypeopsis. The dorsal surface of the mantle is im-

pressed with a deep horse-shoe fissure, receiving the internal plate

of the upper shell. The aperture of the branchial chamber extends

transversely across the back of the head, but conducts to a cavity of

unusually small extent. The contained breathing organs differ not

merely in relative size, but likewise very remarkably in structure,

from the previously dissected Calyptreide. In these the branchiz

consist of a single series of simple, elongated, close-set and very

numerous filaments, extending along the left side of the body in

Calyptrea Sinensis, and making the tour of the mantle in the Caly-

peopsis. In Lithedaphus the branchie consist of two short parallel

rows of conical, subcompressed, plicated vascular processes, twelve

to fourteen in each row, and limited, like the branchial cavity, to the

anterior part of the dorsal aspect of the body. The heart, lodged in

a wide pericardium, and consisting of a large auricle with thin, sub-

transparent walls, and a small, opake, conical ventricle, is situated

at the left extremity of the branchial chamber, receiving the branchial

veins, and sending its largest artery to the ovarium, which, in the

specimen dissected, formed the left portion of the visceral mass.

The oviduct, at first slender and convoluted, expands on the right

side, where it is disposed in three long folds, which were laden with

unusually large elliptical ova. At its termination, close to the

branchial orifice, there is an oval mucous gland, and a short conical

filament projects from the inner surface of the mantle. The proboscis

is surrounded by a thick muscular tunic, inclosing a long, rasp-

like, horny tongue, and at its base are two simple salivary follicles.

‘The cesophagus expands into a small stomach, imbedded in a follicu-

lar liver. “The intestinal canal is more complicated than in Calyptrea

or Calypeopsis; it bends towards the left side, and there forms a

small mass of double spiral coils, five or six in number, from which

the rectum is continued along the floor of the branchial chamber, in

the interspace of the gills, to the outlet of that chamber on the right

side of the neck.

«The nervous system is chiefly distinguished from that of the Ca-

lypeopsis by the larger relative size and closer approximation of the

supra-cesophageal ganglions, which here equal the inferior masses.

Besides the chords connecting the upper with the lower ganglions,

the upper ganglions give off each three nerves: the largest runs

forward in a zigzag course to the clavate mouth; the second supplies

* It is here described as contracted in specimens preserved in spirit, the

specimens of Calyptrea and Calypeopsis compared with it being in the

same state. Itis, doubtless, expanded in the living animal, as a thin, mus-

cular and secreting disk over the basal plate. Much sharp criticism has

been expended on the genus Gastroplax, De Blainville. It was founded

in error, no doubt; but future conchologists, who may be tempted to cast a

reflection on its author, should remember that he has rendered services to

Conchology such as few can hope to rival, and will do well to bear in mind,

that the secretion of a shelly valve by the foot of a gastropod is not only a

possibility, but is a reality in nature.

149

the substance of the tentacle ; the third, a slender nerve, goes to the

minute eye-speck on the outer side of the base of the tentacle. The

wavy disposition of these nerves, especially of the rostral pair, clearly

indicates a provision for considerable elongation of the parts which

they supply.

“Thus the genus Lithedaphus differs from the other known forms

of the Calyptreide in the smaller development of its locomotive and

respiratory organs, and in the greater development of the organs for

the prehension and assimilation of food.

‘Probably no oyster, cemented to its native rock, is more fettered

in its movements than this highly developed gastropod, to which,

however, a voluntary detachment of the foot from the gastric plate

may be possible. M. Dufo however testifies that the only move-

ment he was able to recognise in his Calyptrea Roissii was an ele-

vation of the anterior part of the shell, and a corresponding separa-

tion of it from the supporting plate beneath.

“The circumstances under which Mr. Cuming discovered his spe-

cimens would hardly be consistent with a greater extent of motion.

The foot, therefore, whose normal functions as an instrument for

traversing space must be restricted to the early age of the Litheda-

phus, may well offer diminished proportions when the animal has

chosen a site for the deposition of its ventral plate and has taken up

a fixed abode. Muscular action being thenceforward much restricted,

the necessity for extensive respiration is in the same degree abolished.

The compensation for this abrogation of the power of moving about

in quest of food is obviously the great development of the proboscidi-

form head, which, when outstretched in the living mollusk, must

appear like some worm moving to and fro from between the valves

of the shell. The tactile organs of sense are co-extended with the

prehensile organ ; but the eyes, so useful to the young wandering

mollusk, have much shrunk in the sedentary aged ; and the complete

elaboration of whatever nutriment may be introduced into the system

has been provided for by the long and convoluted alimentary canal.

“ These facts in the anatomy of the Lithedaphus, and their harmo-

nious adjustment to its peculiar condition as a sessile gastropod in-

closed in a bivalve shell, leave scarcely any doubt as to this state,

strange and anomalous though it may seem, being essential to its

nature and of original design.

“For assuming that the secretion of a ventral plate may be ex-

cited by some accidental position of an individual of a species not

commonly possessing such plate, it would be an extreme hypothesis

to attribute to the consequent abrogation of the locomotive power a

gradual and progressive elongation of the head, during successive

endeavours on the part of the imprisoned mollusk to attain whatever

food might come within its reach.

« And admitting that, the supplies of food being casual and scanty,

the nutriment would require to be longer retained and more com-

pletely assimilated, to conclude that the alimentary canal thereupon

aequired additional convolutions, would be still more hazardous.

But when we find that, the demands upon the respiratory actions

150

being much diminished after the loss of locomotion, the branchial

apparatus does not merely present an atrophied state of its usual

structure in the free Calyptreide, but a different condition of that

structure,—two very short gills replacing one very extensive one,

and the form of the branchial filaments being quite different,—the

conclusion seems unavoidable, that the Litheduphus is a good and

constant genus, created with reference to that peculiar mode of life

to which its bivalve shell and other generic characters as a Calyp-

treidan are correlated.”

The next paper read was also from Prof. Owen, and contains an

account of the anatomy of the Pholadomya candida. The genus

Pholadomya was founded by G. B. Sowerby, upon certain peculiarities

observable in the structure of a shell which in some of its characters

approaches the genera Solen, Pholas, and Mya. ‘The animal exhibits

the ordinary characters of the Acephala inclusa of Cuvier, being

everywhere shut up in a mantle which gives issue only to the siphonic

tube and the foot; it presents, however, in addition to the pedal and

the two siphonic apertures, a fourth orifice, at the under part of the

siphon, which is of small size and circular form. This orifice alone,

observes Prof. Owen, is sufficient to distinguish the present mollusk

from any known genus of the Inclusa. It would seem to be an inlet

for respiratory currents, supplementary to the ordinary ventral siphon.

The animal, compared with that of the Panopea australis, the cha-

racters of which are detailed by M. Valenciennes, is distinguishable

not only by an accessory bifurcate foot and valvular aperture, but

by its undivided branchize and some other less marked characters ;

nevertheless the affinity to Panopea, as indicated by the hinge of the

shell, is illustrated by a closer general resemblance of its soft parts

to that genus than to Mya, Solen, or Pholas. These two papers,

from the pen of Prof. Owen, and of which the above is a brief abs-

tract, are illustrated with beautifully executed drawings.

Dr. Pfeiffer’s descriptions of new species of Shells collected by

H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands, were then read.

Heurx cromyoprs. Hel. testd imperforatd, depresso-globosd,

tenuissimd, pellucidd, olivaceo-fulvd, apice violaced; anfractibus

4 planiusculis, ultimo magno, medio fascid latd albd cingulato et

epidermide tenuissimd cinerascente fasciatim ornato ; columella

perobliqud, latd, alba ; apertura lunato-ovali; peristomate sim-

plicit, expanso, margine rufo-violascente. :

Diam. 14 poll. ; altit. 103 lin. :

Hab. Cagayan, province Misamis of the island Mindanao. Found

on leaves of trees.

Hexix taneurwa. Hel. testd imperforatd, globosd, tenuiusculd,

regulariter et confertim oblique striatd, apice obtuso lutescente, un-

fractu ultimo rufo, epidermide hydrophand cinerascente indutd,

albo-lineolatd, basi nudo, nitido ; suturd lined fused nitidd, notatd ;

anfractibus 45 conveviusculis ; columelld verticali, albo-callosd ;

aperturd subovali ; peristomate .... ?

151

Diam. et altit. 15 lin.

Two specimens only were found, not yet perfect, on leaves of

palms in the island of. Siquijor. These resemble some of the varieties

of Bulimus meteformis, but are more globular.

Hevrx Butta, Pf. an Nanina? Hel. testd subperforatd, globoso-

depressd, tenuissimd, pellucida, striis confertis spiralibus et obli-

quis minutissime decussatd, subcarinatd, pallidé fulud, ad carinam

rufo-cingulatd ; suturd viv impressd; spird pariim easertd ; an-

Sfractibus 4 planiusculis ; aperturd lunato-rotundatd, intis marga-

ritaced, untfasciatd ; peristomate simplici, margine supero intror-

sim flevo, columellari vie expanso.

Diam. 1°60; altit. 0°90 poll.

Hab. Provincia Albay insule Lugon.

In form it resembles Nanina bistrialis, Beck.

Hexrx putoropes. lel. testa imperforatd, depressd, solidd, sub

epidermide corticind (strigis saturatioribus variegatd), nitide nigri-

canti-rufd ; spird subplanulatd ; suturd profundd ; anfractibus 45

conveais ; columelld subrectd, perobliqud, subexcavata ; apertura

laté lunari, intis lividd ; peristomate incrassato, rejflexo, fusco.

Diam. 144; altit. 9 lin.

Hab. Argao (island of Zebu) : on leaves of trees.

Heirx reruropes. Hel. testa imperforatd, subglobosd, solidd,

ponderosd, superne rufd, strigis latis epidermidis cineree hydro-

phane fere obducta, basi stramined, rufo-fasciata ; anfractibus 44

convexis, supremis depressis, denudatis, rufescentibus ; columella

laté, albd, subarcuatd ; apertura lunato-orbiculari, intis alba ;

peristomate simplici, reflexo.

Diam. 19; altit. 154 lin.

Hab. Sual (province of Pangasinan, Lugon) : on leaves of bushes.

Hewix unica. Hel. testa imperforatd, globosd, solidiusculd, oblique

striatuld, albidd ; suturd profunda ; anfractibus 54 injiatis, supre-

mis planiusculis ; columella profunde intrante, arcuatd, subcana-

liculatd ; aperturd perobliqud, suborbiculari, intis alba; peristo-

mate late expanso, basi incrassato, intis fulvido, marginibus ap-

proximatis.

Diam. 19; altit. 144 lin.

Hab. Samboanga, of the island of Mindanao.

This species, of which no more than one specimen was found, is

very similar to Hel. mammiila, figured by Férussac and by Quoy and

Gaimard, but the shell is almost smooth and quite imperforated.

Buuimus cocuuiopes. Bul. testa imperforatd, turritd, solidd, ob-

liqué irregulariter striata, apice obtusiusculd, albidd ;' suturd im-

pressa ; anfractibus 9 planiusculis ; ultimo } longitudinis equante ;

columella subincrassata ; apertura oblongo-ovali ; peristomate sim-

plici, recto.

Long. 2 poll. ; diam. 6 lin.

One specimen was found at the island of Cuyo.

152

Buuimus Cuyornsis. Bul. testd subperforata, ovato-pyramidata,

glabriusculd, nitiduld, cinnamomeo-fulvidd, strigis flecuosis palli-

dioribus et fascid unica rufescente ornatd ; suturd levi ; anfractibus

5% planiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis vix superante; columella

brevi, incrassata, late reflerd ; aperturd ovali ; peristomate tenut,

partm expanso.

Long. 15; diam. 74 lin.

Hab. Island of Cuyo. One specimen was found, on leaves of trees.

Buuimus EFrusus. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovatd, solidiusculd, ob-

lique minutissime striatd, nitidd, alba ; anfractibus 5 convexius-

culis, ultimo spiram vix equante; columelld obliqud, dilatatd ;

aperturd perobliqud, lunato-ovali ; peristomate simplici, valde ex-

panso.

Long. 194; diam. 14 lin.

Hab. Island of Tablas.

B. Anfractu ultimo subtis fascid 1 fulvd ornato.

This species resembles somewhat the Bul. Cumingi, but it differs

in having the shell more solid, the aperture more oblique, the colu-

mella oblique and simple, and the last whorl shorter.

Buximus Macrostoma. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovatd, solidius-

culd, rufo-nigricante, apice pallidiore, epidermide hydrophand fuscd

indutd, lineis nigris circumdatd ; anfractibus 6 convexiusculis, ul-

timo spiram subequante ; columelld verticali, dilatatd, medio sub-

incrassatd ; aperturd latd, lunato-ovali, intis albd; peristomate

expanso, subincrassato, intis saturate fusco, margine deatro valdé

arcuato.

Long. 303; diam. 194 lin.

Hab. Dolores, province of Pampanga, in the island of Lugon:

found on trunks of trees.

fs. Anfractu ultimo medio bifasciato, fascid superiore angustd, ni-

grd, alterd adnatd latiore, albidd.

Long. 34; diam. 223 lin.

From Sual (island of Lucon) ; on leaves of trees.

Buuimus Romstionensis. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovato-pyramidatd, -

tenui, striis obliquis et transversis confertis obsolete decussatd,

albidd, rufo-trifasciatd, epidermide hydrophand decidud, liberd,

presertim in fasciis, maculatd ; anfractibus 64 planiusculis, ultimo

4 longitudinis vie superante ; columella subrectd, angustd, planatd ;

aperturd ovalt ; peristomate simplici, subexpanso-

Long. 2 poll.; diam. 113 lin.

Hab. The island of Romblon, on leaves of trees. It is perhaps an

Achatina.

Buuimus soxipus. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovato-oblongd, solidd,

oblique striatd, saturate rufa, epidermide fusco-albd irregulariter

strigatd ; spird conicd, sursiim pallescente ; anfractibus 7 vix con-

veciusculis, ultimo spird pauld breviore ; columelld rectd, basi sub-

intortd ; aperturd auriformi, lateraliter subeffusd, intis albidd ;

153

peristomate subreflexo, intis rufo-nigricante, marginibus callo lato

tenui junctis.

Long. 41; diam. 214 lin.

Hab. 8. Juan, province of Cagayan (island of Lucon).

Var. testd magis inflatd, anfractu ultimo medio albido-fasciato.

Long. 39 ; diam. 224 lin.

Hab. Sual, province of Pangasinan (island of Lu¢on).

Buuimus suscarinatus. Bul. testd imperforatd, pyramidatd, tenui,

striis obliquis et spiralibus confertissimis minute decussatd, albidd,

diaphand, epidermide fuscescente, hydrophand irregulariter stri-

gatd, ad suturam fascid pallide fulvescente ornatd ; anfractibus 6}

planiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, obsolete carinato ;

columelld rectd, pland, angustd ; aperturd oblongo-subtetragond,

intis albd ; peristomate simplici, parim expanso.

Long. 223; diam. 123 lin.

Hab. The island of Romblon, on leaves of trees.

Buuimus user. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovatd, apice obtusd, tenui,

subdiaphand, lutescenti-albidd, oblique regulariter et confertim

striatd ; spird semiglobosd ; suturd impressd, albo-marginatd ; an-

Sfractibus 4 inflatis, ultimo spiram superante ; columella subrectd,

prope basin subincrassatd ; aperturd ovali; peristomate simplici,

laté expanso.

Long. 244; diam. 16 lin.

Hab. The island of Guimaras, on leaves of trees.

Buuimus virens. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovato-pyramidatd, tenui,

leviusculd, nitidd, albd, anfractu ultimo pallidé viridi ; anfractibus

7 planiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis vir superante, obsolete angu-

lato ; columelld subrectd, prope basin subincrassatd, albd ; apertura

obliqud, lunato-ovali ; peristomate recto, viv incrassato.

Long. 27 ; diam. 14 lin.

Hab. Island of Burias; on leaves of trees. In form it resembles

Bul. carinatus, Lea.

154

November 22; 1842.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following paper, by M. C. A. Récluz, entitled ‘“‘ Descriptions

of various species of Navicella, collected by Mr. Cuming in the Phi-

lippine Islands,” was communicated by H. Cuming, Esq., Correspond-

ing Member, who exhibited specimens to the Meeting in illustration

of the descriptions.

The longitudinal diameter of the Navicelle described in this cata-

logue has been taken from the anterior to the posterior side, and the’

transverse diameter from the summit to the base of the external

opening, in its broadest part.

1. NavicELua JANELLI, Récluz, Revue Cuviérienne, 1841. p. 376.

No. 9.

Var. a. Testd ellipticd, convexd, crassiusculd, vix cancellatd, lineis

nigris reticulatd, interstitiis lutescentibus.

Var. (3. T. lineis nigris supern? reticulatis, antic? remotiusculis, sub-

@quidistantibus ; aperturd margine cinereo-nigrescente, in fundo

aurantid, interdum nigro-maculatd.

\ Var. y. T. dorso nigro late pictd et maculis concoloribus variegatd,

antic? lineis nigris radiatd, postice dense lineolatd ; labio lateraliter

emarginato, medio subproducto ac rectiusculo.

Var. 6. T. lutescente, dorso transversim late et remot? nigro undatd ;

zonis interdum antice conico-angulatis.

Var. e. T. orbiculari, dorso nigerrimd, maculis lutescentibus sparsis

notatd, margine breve lineatd, postic? lateraliter, interdum luteo-

viridescente ; aperturd margine cinereo-nigrescente.

Dimensions.—Var. a, 1°80 poll. longa; 1°28 ad 1°40 lata; 0°76

ad 0°80 convexa. Var. e, long. 1°20 ad 1:40; lat. 0:96 ad 1:08;

conv. 0°48 ad 0°52 poll.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinas. Var. a and y from Agoo, province of

Pangasinan, island of Lucon: on stones in a rapid river. The var.

3, 6, and e, from Iba, province of Sambales, island of Lucon; on

stones in a deep river.

The only difference I find between the varieties brought from the

Philippine Islands and those from Guam (of which I have only been

able to examine a single specimen) is, that the former are rather more

solid and more convex. As to form and colour, they are too variable

to dwell upon. ;

The operculum of this Navicella has particular characters, which

it is important should be known, as confirming the specific value of

this shell. ‘

Operculum almost square, rather longer than broad, subconvex

155

above, of a light bluish black mingled with flesh-colour, striated upon

the surface and upon the anterior side, divided by a broad and shal-

low canal, ending in a deep and wide anterior notch, which is cut

square at the base. The canal and notch are bounded on the right

by a smooth, linear, flesh-coloured rib, which is a little prolonged

and truncated at the end with a furrow throughout its length. ‘The

left side of its inferior surface is striated above, sinuous at the margin

and finely denticulated at its base, which is of a rosy red.

2. Navicetza variaBiuis. N. testd ellipticd, striis via sub lente can-

cellatd, lineolis transversis undulatis obsoletisque sepits confluen-

tibus olivaceis et maculis lutescentibus nigrescente antic obumbratis

variegatd ; apice marginali eroso, retusissimo ; labio albo, postice

aurantio, margine subrecto ; aperturd albido-cerulescente.

Long. 1:16 ad 1:28; lat. 0°80 ad 0°84; conv. 0°46 ad 0°54 poll.

Var. 5. T. ovatd, postice subtruncatd, tenuiusculd ; apice ante mar-

ginem inserto, deroso.

Long. 1:24 ad 1:28; lat. 1°10 ad 1°14; conv. 0°52 ad 0°56 poll.

Hab, Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao: found

on stones in a large river.

Although these two varieties appear to differ from each other in

the position of the summit, I do not think they can be separated.

Nevertheless the operculum varies perceptibly, and if their respective

characters proved constant, which it would be necessary to verity by

examining a certain number of specimens, then alone could one be

distinguished from the other. The surface of this Navicella shows

upon the anterior side longitudinal strie, as deeply impressed as the

tramsverse ones.

The operculum of the type is blackish throughout, except at, the

base, which is of an orange-red. The anterior side is notched. The

dental apophysis is linear, smooth, a little raised, faintly striated both

longitudinally and transversely. The external margin of this tooth

projects but little, and its inferior part shows the commencement of

a crest, but without teeth.

The operculum of the variety is of a rosy colour, with the inferior

margin of an orange-red; the anterior side is more slightly notched

in the middle, its dental apophysis projects rather more, and is linear,

smooth, and divided by a longitudinal groove. The external margin

of this tooth is narrow, without any trace of a denticulated crest at

its base.

8. NAVICELLA suBoRBicuLARIS. Sowerby, Cat.Tank. App. p. 10.

No. 1092; Récluz in Guérin, Rev. Cuv. 1841. p. 377. No. 10.

Var. 3. Récluz, l.c.; Rumph. Mus. Amb. p. 40. f. 0. Optime.

Var. y. Minori, tenuiori.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinas. From the island of Camiguing : found

on stones in mountain-streams. Var. (, from Cagayan, province of

Misamis, island of Mindanao: on stones in a large river.- Var. y,

from Banguey, province of North Ylocos, island of Lugon: found on

stones in a small stream.

I see neither in the general form nor in the operculum of these

156

varieties any character sufficient to distinguish them from the type :

the colour alone is variable. 7

The operculum is of a pale flesh-colour, flattened with an arched

notch at the anterior side. The apophysis projecting, smooth, a

little more arcuated than that of the operculum of Nav. Janelli; its

external margin is narrower, almost straight, finely crenulated in its

lower half. The posterior border is very thin and of a dirty red.

4, Navicritua Luzonica, Souleyet. N. testd ellipticd, rufo-fuscd

seu olivaced unicolori seu nigro obsoleté reticulatd aut punctatd,

lateribus compressiusculd, dorso valde convexd, solidd ; apice ad

marginem posteriorem incurvo, subintegro ac eroso; labio semi-

lunari aurantio, antic rectiusculo ; aperturd albido-cerulescente,

margine posteriore laterali nigrescente.

Nav. Luzonica, Souleyet, Rev. Cuv. 1841. p. 375. No. 6. Junior.

Var. 8. T. olivaceo-fuscescente, maculis minimis lutescentibus vie

nigrescente marginatis irroratd.

Var. y. T. rufo-fuscd immaculatd ; apice deroso, convexo.

Var. 0. T. rufo-fuscd, postice tenuissime nigro et lutescenti longi-

tudinaliter lineolatd, maculisque minimis lutescentibus conicis nigro-

marginatis, obsoletisque (sub lente) pictd.

Var. e. T. rufo-fuscd, inter oculum et laminam maculis minimis sub-

nigrescentibus adspersd.

Var. £. T. minori, tenuiori, olivaced, postice lineolatd, supra nigro

tenuissime reticulatd, antice maculis squamiformibus pictd, labio

stramineo, nigrescente circumvallato.

Long. 1°28 ad 1°60; lat. 0°84 ad 1:12; conv. 0°52 ad 0°76 poll.

Hab. From Dingle, province of Ylo Ylo, island of Panay: found

in a placid river on stones. The var. y and 6 from Cagayan, pro-

vince of Misamis, island of Mindanao: on stones in a large river.

Var. e, from the mountains of the island of Negros: found on the

rocky bed of a small stream.

The individual which served as type to M. Souleyet was young,

and had been brought home in spirits of wine, which hindered him

from seeing the black lines which adorn the external surface of this

Navicella. There is then no difference between his specimen and

these of Mr. Cuming.

The operculum of this Navicella is rose-coloured, clouded with

_ white and blue, but the rose-colour predominates. The notch of its

anterior portion is somewhat rounded; its subarcuated apophysis

bears a longitudinal groove more or less impressed; the external

margin of this apophysis is tolerably large, and rather concave below

the middle, at the usual origin of the crest, which is wanting in this

species. The inferior or internal surface is of a pale flesh-colour,

with a blackish tint on its left margin. The muscular impression

is rose-colour, very shining, almost square, truncated anteriorly and

upon the left side, somewhat rounded at its base, straight and oblique

on the right side, with an acute angle at its base.

This operculum varies in form and colour; its notch in one indi-

vidual had the form of a A, or profoundly acute; in others it was

157

very open: some are altogether rose-coloured, others rosy on one

side, yellow on the other, and blackish in the middle; others again

almost entirely of a bluish tint, and mingled with these various co-

lours.

The summit, sometimes almost entire or decorticated only, is at

other times entirely eroded at its inferior surface; it is prolonged

upon the posterior margin of the opening, though not beyond, and

there it is worn away, as if it had been rubbed upon a grindstone.

5. Navicetza Cumineiana. N. testd orbiculari seu ovatd, convexd,

solidd, vix striatd luteo-fuscescente, lineis concentricis nigris un-

dulatis arcuatisve interdum reticulatis cinctd; apice marginali

eroso, retuso ; labio plano, albo, antice in medio producto ; aperturd

albd, cordiformi.

Var. 3. T. nigro-reticulatd, lutescente maculatd et subfasciatd. .

Var. y. T. ovato-ellipticd, dilute olivaced, postic? lineolis nigris

transversis, interdum majoribus et remotis notatd.

Hab. Var. a et c from a mountain-stream in the island of Cama-

guing. Var. 6 from Cagayan, island of Mindanao.

Long. 1:00 ad 1°20; lat. 0°84 ad 0°92; conv. 0°40 ad 0°56 poll.

The columella is 0°24 to 0:28 poll. in diameter.

Operculum irregularly oval, of an uniform white or rayed with

rose-colour above, profoundly notched anteriorly ; the notch rounded

at its base. The apophysary rib is only apparent at the anterior

summit of the operculum ; it projects but little, and is nearly acute.

Its external margin is oblong, very thin and very smooth ; the left or

opposite margin is striated, somewhat imbricated above, and crenu-

lated throughout its extent. The inferior surface is of a pale uniform

flesh-colour. The subrotund or oboval muscular impression is of a

rose-red anteriorly, and of a dark red at the base. Upon the oper-

culum of the var. y the left margin is completely wanting, which

gives an oblong and a subtriangular form to the muscular impres-

sion. These characters are only accidental.

I have dedicated this interesting species to Mr. Cuming, whose

numerous discoveries in natural history have enriched science with

a crowd of new facts, as a testimony of my esteem.

6. NaviceLta Ciyrzoium. N. testd ovato-oblongd, antic? et postice

rotundatd, tenue et concentriceé striatd, lineolis nigro-violaceis seu

purpurascentibus, interdum confluentibus et maculis albido-lutescen-

tibus oblongis elongatisve nigro-marginatis sub-serialibus et passem

radiis paliidis binis pictd ; apice brevi ad dextram via obliquante,

“ante marginem posito ; labio semilunari, conveziusculo, fuscescente ;

aperturd patuld.

Var. 3. T. olivaceo-nigricante, maculis obsoletis ; apice eroso ; labio

latiore, carneo, in medio subproducto, recto.

Var. y. T. olivaced, lutescente maculata, in medio ventre obsolete

biradiatd ; apice purpurascente, labio fuscescente.

Var. 6. T. atratd, immaculatd ; apice eroso ; labio et margine aper-

ture carneo-fuscescentibus.

Var. e. T. nigrescente lineolatd pallide virescente radiatd et macu-

latd, apice submarginali roseo, integerrimo,

158

Var. ¢. T. fuscescente maculis linearibus albidis nigro acute margi-

natis obsoletis sparsis variegatd ; apice purpurascente ; labio et

margine aperture dilute fuscis. :

Long. 0°80 ad 1°32; lat. 0°76 ad 0°92; conv. 0°24 ad 0°48 poll.

Hab. Var. 5 and y from Cagayan. Var. a and e from Banguey,

province of North Ylocos, island of Lugon: found on stones in a

mountain stream. Var. y, island of Guimaras, on the rocky bed of

a small stream. Var. 6, rocky bed of a stream in the mountains of

the isle of Negros. The type itself is found at Pasuguing, province

of North Ylocos, island of Lucon.

Operculum almost square, thin, of a rose-colour, cut squarely an-

teriorly, with a projecting, obtuse, linear tooth, which is divided by

a slightly impressed longitudinal groove ; the right margin very nar-

row, very thin, and without crest.

It is possible that this species may prove only a stronger, more

robust state of the Nav. tessellata ; nevertheless it differs in its gene-

ral form, and its operculum also shows some differential characters.

7. NAVICELLA TESSELLATA, Lamarck.

Var. a. T. lateribus angustatd, subrectis ; sub epidermide lutescente

lineolis violaceis seu purpureis creberrimis, et maculis conicis con-

centrice seriatis pictd ; vertice recto, luteo ; labio triangulari, antice

subarcuato, lateribus prolongato.

Var. 6. T. ut in var. a, sed postice subemarginatd, griseo-fuscd,

maculis minoribus luteo-fuscescentibus conicis crebre pictd ; apice

dilute purpurascente, recto; labio subtriangulari, ungusto, roseo,

antic arcuato.

Var. y.? T. oblongo-ellipticd, antic? et postice rotundatd, crassiore

sive oblongo-acutd, lateribus angustatd, nigerrimd, apice eroso ;

labio semilunari, interdum triangulari, latiore, subrecto, lateribus

non prolongatis.

An Nav. Clypeolum, var.? credo, sed difficile est probandi sine

operculo.

Long. 0°80 ad 0°92; lat. 0°76 ad 0°92; conv. 0°24 ad 0°48 poll.

Hab. Var. a, Cagayan: found in a large river on stones. Var. /3,

from Baccara, province of North Ylocos, island of Lucon : found on

stones ina placid river. Var. y.?, from Abulug, province of Cagayan,

island of Lucon: found on stones in a large river.

Operculum square, a little elongated, narrow, and cut almost

square anteriorly, with a slight notch towards the apophysis, which

is slightly curved inwards (instead of being straight or turned back

wards, as in that of Nav. clypeolum). 'The inclined angle of the

middle of the left side is deeper, and in this species shows a depres-

sion or broad canal, in form of a A, the whole length of the apophy-

sis ; this canal is limited to the left by two slightly raised ribs.

These characters of the operculum, if they be constant, should

suffice to avoid all confusion of this species and the one which pre-

cedes,

8. NaviceLnia tineata, Lamarck.

Var. a. T. oblonga, postice acuta, luteo-aured, superne lineis spa-

— diceis radiantibus ex lineolis transversis obumbratis, antice et late-

159

raliter maculis oblongo-conicis subserialibus pictd ; apice lateraliter

compresso, supra fornicato, roseo-purpurascente recto, marginali ;

labio angusto-triangulari, medio concavo-emarginato, lateribus an-

tice prolongatis.

Var. B. T. ellipticd, postice angustatd, luted medio dorsi lineis ni-

gris angusiis et latiusculis, et lineolis obliquis creberrimis radiis

latioribus lateraliter efformantibus interdum confluentibus pictd,

labio triangulari anticé arcuato.

Var. y. T. oblongd, postic? angustd, subacutd, luted radiis angustis

nigris medio dorsi notatd, antic? et lateraliter crebre nigrescente

lineolatd, et maculis linearibus luteis subseriatis pictd ; apice sub-

violascente ; labio triangulari, antic? arcuatim excavato.

Var. 5. T. elongatd, lateribus compressa, dorso convexo-fornicatd,

antic2 subacuto, interdum truncaio ; luteo-fuscescente, maculis ob-

longis antic? nigris acutis lateraliter lineolis tenuissimis obsoletis-

que obumbratis picté ; apice interdum nigrescente, labio triangu-

lari, luteo-fuscescente. ;

Var. e. T. oblongo-ellipticd, lateribus compressa, lineolis pallide

fuscis aut purpurascentibus, et maculis oblongo-conicis luteis picta ;

radiis binis, pallide luteis in medio dorsi notatd ; labio triangularé,

antice arcuato. j

Var..a: long. 0°88 ad 1°08; lat. 0°44 ad 0°56; conv. 0°24 ad 0°48

poll. Var. @ andy: long. 0:96 ad 1-04; lat. 0°60 ad 0°64; conv.

0°32 ad 0°36. Var. é: long. 0°52 ad 0°64; lat. 0°32; conv. 0°28

ad 0°32,

Hab. Var. a, from Banguey, province of North Ylocos: on stones

in a mountain-stream. Var. 6, from Cagayan: on stones in a large

river. Var. 6, from Baccara: on stones in a rapid river. Var. e.?,

cum precedenti.

All these varieties are very remarkable, and, with the exception

of var. e, whose operculum I have not seen, all certainly belong to

the same species. The operculum of Nav. lineata is oblong, very

thin, pale yellow, a little inclined to pale green, rounded behind,

notched before, notch in an oblique line at the base. The left side

of this operculum is slightly arcuated in the centre; the right side

almost rectilinear and limited by an apophysary tooth, very narrow

and a little prolonged anteriorly. Muscular impression triangular,

elongated, inclined obliquely to the left.

9. Navicetta Entrecasrauxi, Récluz. Rev. Cuvier, p. 380,

No. 14.

Var. 2. T. obovatd, nigro-purpurascente, concentrice et crebre lineo-

lata, maculis luteis conicis aut subquadratis pictd ; apice purpura-

scente marginali, non exserto ; aperturd albido-cerulescente.

Long. 0°80 ad 0:90 ; lat. 0°56 ad 0°60; conv. 0°20 ad 0°28 poll.

Hab. ad insulas Philippinas.

Operculum almost square, of the form and sculpture of that of

Nav. tessellata, offering however some characters which the state

of that. which was submitted to me does not allow me to judge of

160

with certainty. Its colour is of a rosy white, and yellow in the cen-

tre. It is possible that the N. Entrecastauzi may prove only an

oboval variety, with a marginal summit of N. tessellata. When I

shall have seen a greater number of specimens with their opercula

I may be enabled to pronounce with more certainty.

It results from this examination of the Navicelle collected by Mr.

Cuming, together with those I have had an opportunity of studying

up to the present time—lst, that the number of known species of

this genus amounts at present to eighteen; 2ndly, that the Asiatic

Islands is that part of the world which contains the greater number

of species; and 3rdly, that Polynesia is afterwards the most rich

locality in species of this genus.

A communication by Mr. Lovell Reeve, “‘ On the genus Phorus, a

group of agglutinating Mollusks of the family Turbinacea,” was then

read.

“Tt is remarkable that a group of mollusks of such decided import-

ance as those which I have selected for consideration should have so

long escaped the especial notice of conchologists. The genus Phorus

was introduced many years since by De Montford; but as it was not

recognised by Lamarck, few authors thought it worthy of adoption.

Little enough is known of the nature or anatomy of the Phori, but

the remarkable character which their sheils exhibit may be suffi-

ciently estimated to rest their claim upon that alone to the rank of a

enus.

ett The character here alluded to is a property which these mollusks

possess of agglutinating to the outer surface of their shells any frag-

ments of stones, shells, corals, or other marine debris that they may

chance to be in contact with, and which become so firmly attached

that they cannot be dislodged without violence. The well-known

Carrier Trochus (Trochus agglutinans, Lamarck; Phorus onustus,

mihi) was for a long time the only species of Phorus known; when

others even were discovered they were only regarded as varieties of

that species, and the agglutinating property which they showed their

animal occupants to possess, was not considered to be of any generic

importance. The distinction however which De Montford assigned

to these animals has become of infinite value, for we now possess

’ several species of them, and the agglutinating power operates in dif-

ferent ways in each; some shells, for example, are found with only

a few small pebbles agglutinated to the earlier whorls, whilst others

are characterized by their having only such fragments of shells or

stones as are flat or tile-shaped collected round the edge or peri-

phery of the whorls ; and these several methods of agglutinating are

each confined to particular species. Other modifications of this pro-

perty may yet be discovered, and I trust, as the Phori are not un-

common in the West Indies, that they will ere long be made the

subject of anatomical examination.

‘««T see no reason at present for altering the situation which is com-

monly assigned to these mollusks in the general system; the struc-

161

ture and formation of the shell, as well as the presence of an oper-

culum, seem sufficiently to indicate that they are allied to the Trochi,

and not to the Calyptree, as supposed by Mr. Gray.

“IT now proceed to lay seven species of this interesting genus

before the Society, four of which are entirely new to me.”

Genus PHorvus.

Testa orbicularis, subconica, spira obtusa, anfractibus regularibus,

peripheria tubulis cavis interdum ornata, conchyliorum lapidumque

frustis irregulariter agglutinatis; facie infernaé concaviuscula,

granos4 aut lamellosa; umbilico amplo, profundo, spe tate

occultato ; apertura depress, marginibus disjunctis, labro sim-

plici, acuto. Operculum corneum tenue, ovale.

« Such are the characters which appear to me to apply generically

to this group. The specific differences consist, not in the nature of

the materials which are agglutinated, as supposed by Born and others,

who had their Vrochi lithophorus and conchyliophorus, for stones,

shells and corals may often be found collected on the same individual ;

but in the perpetuated variations of the living shell, and the manner

in which the surrounding debris become attached to it.”

Puorvus sotaris. Phor. testd orbiculari, subconicd, paucis calculis

versus apicem agglutinatis ; apice acuto ; superficie striis obliquis

et undulatis inscriptd; anfractibus tubuloso-radiatis, tubulis tenui-

bus cavis, apertis ; infernd facie plano-concavd, undulatim striatd ;

aperturd semicordatd ; umbilico angusto.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 214. f. 1 and 2; Conch. Icon.

Phorus, pl. 2. f. 5 a and 8.

Trochus solaris, Linneus, Lamarck, &c.

Hab. Malacca. (Found in coarse sand at the depth of seven fa-

thoms.) Cuming.

« This very beautiful shell, in which the periphery of the whorls

is extended throughout into hollow spouted spines, has never more

than a few pebbles agglutinated to the first one or two whorls.

‘The finest specimen I know of is in the collection of the Rev. Mr.

Stainforth, and has furnished me with the drawing above referred to.”

Puorvs onvustus. Phor. testd orbiculari, conicd, brunnescente-albd ;

anfractibus subangulatis, rudibus, vel conchyliis vel lapidibus agglu-

tinatis ; infernd facie subconcavd, rufd ; umbilico etate occultato.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 214. f, 3, and 215. f. 8; Conch.

Icon. Phorus, pl. 1. f. 3a and 6.

Trochus agglutinans, Lamarck.

Trochus conchyliophorus,

Trochus lithophorus,

Hab. West Indies.

This is the original and best known species of the group; it is by

far the most profusely covered, and is generally heavily laden with

shells, stones, or~corals.

\ auctorum.

Puorvus Invicus. Phor. testd orbiculari, convexo-conicd, ad api-

162

cem acutd, tenuissimd, subtilissimé striatd, albd, superneé rosed ;

anfractuum peripheria dilatatd, acutissimd ; infernd facie profunde

umbilicatd, fusco-fasciatd, lamellé laterali cavilatem formante.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl..215. f.6; Conch. Icon. Phorus,

BL. Ae 2:

Trochus Indicus, Gmelin,‘Lamarck.

Wigner, Supp. to Chemnitz, p. 129. pl. 229. f. 4062 a, b.

~ Hab. Cochin-China.

«I never remember having seen this shell with any shells or peb-

bles attached to it, but the first two or three whorls sufficiently indi-

cate that some have been agglutinated to it at one time or another

by the numerous indentations which they exhibit. The under sur-

face of the shell is generally marked with a circular brown band, the

centre being widely umbilicated.”

Pyorus exutus. Phor. testd orbiculari, depresso-conicd, ad apicem

acutd, rosaceo-fulvd, tenuissimd, voluttim peripherid inconcinniter

undulata, dilatatd, superficie diagonaliter striata et sulcatd ; infernd

facie pallidd, nitente, striatd, versus marginem granosd, lamelld

cavitatem formante.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 215. f. 9 and 10; Conch. Icon.

Phorus, pl. 2. f. 7 @ and 8.

Hab.

“This shell exhibits very slight evidence of ever having had any

matter agglutinated to it. It somewhat resembles the preceding

species, but may be readily distinguished by the elaborate manner in

which the whorls are diagonally carved with grooves and striz. ‘The

periphery of each whorl is most unusually dilated beyond their

laminal bases; it is exceedingly thin and fragile, and very unevenly

undulated.”

Puorus caucuuirerus. Phor. testd orbiculari. convexo-conicd, tenui,

subtilissime granosd et striatd, volutis calculis et conchyliorum

Srustis superne symmetrice ornatis ; facie infernd profuse granosd

et striata.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 215. f. 7; Conch. Icon. Phorus,

plel.f 1.

Hab.

“«T have seen several specimens of this very pretty species; the

shell is of a bright subrosaceous fawn-colour, and entirely covered

with fine diagonal striz and cross grains. The agglutinating property

_ seems confined to the upper portion of the whorls, so that there is

always a band of fine pebbles or shells around the sutures, and they

exhibit a regular increase in their selection as the agglutinating

surface increases with the growth of the shell.”

Puorus PALLIDULUs. Phor. testd solidd, albd, acutissime pyramidali,

volutis angulatis conchyliorum frustis sparsis agglutinatis ; in-

Sernd facie leviter concavd, palliduld, subtilissime striatd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 214. f.4; Conch. Icon. Phorus,

pl. 1. f. 4. !

163

Hab. Coast of Japan: Siebald.

This shell is most nearly allied to the Phorus onustus ; it is very

solid, sharply pyramidal, and of a singular live pallid appearance.

There are two or three specimens of it in the collection of H. Cuming,

Esq. ; and the fragments of shells which are agglutinated indiscrimi-

nately to the area of the whorls are very much broken in all, though

the shells to which they are agglutinated are in every respect live

and perfect.

Puorus corruecatus. Phor. testd orbiculari, obeso-conicd, albd,

diagonaliter corrugaid, volutarum peripherid conchyliorum lapi-

dumque frustis planis ornatd ; facie infern dpallidd, leviter granosd

et striatd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 214. f.5; Conch. Icon. Phorus,

pl. 2. f. 6.

Hab. ?

The method or disposition of the agglutinated fragments in this

species is very peculiar and distinct from that in any other. The

generic property is here confined to the base of the whorls, and the

fragments which become.attached are all inserted edgewise, ranging

with great regularity side by side. The specimen above described

is in the collection of the Rev. Mr, Stainforth.

Mr. Cuming exhibited to the Meeting the various species of Pho-

rus referred to in the above communication, and also a series of spe-

cimens of the genus Pecten, descriptions of which, by G. B. Sow-

erby, Jun., were read, The species described are figured in Sow-

erby’s ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum.’

Pecren pictus, Thes. Conch. pl. 20. f. 233. Pect. T. oblique

vvatd, compressd; auriculis subequalibus, radiatim suleatis, ad

basim emarginatis, ad margines undulatis ; lateribus striatis ; costis

13, triangulatis, elevatis, levibus ; interstitiis angustis, bisulcatis,

crenatis ; colore pallide fulvo, fasciis et punctis et lineis rubris

variegato ; intis aibo. Long. 0°80; lat. 0°25 poll.

Hab. Ins. Baie, Ins. Negros, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

Found in coarse sand at a depth of seven fathoms.

Equivalve, nearly equilateral, flat, with thirteen nearly triangular

ribs, slightly flattened at the upper angle ; the ears nearly equal, and

the general characters of the species indicating some degree of affinity

with the group containing P. Radula.

Pecren surersus, Thes. Conch. pl. 12. f.11. Peet. T. subovali,

obliqud, postice expansd, compressa, crassd ; auriculis parvis, ob-

tusis ; costis 23, crassis, rotundatis, levibus, interstitiis angystis ;

colore prope umbones roseo, prope margines pallidé luteo, fasciis

rubris, preruptis, angulatis variegato. Long. 2°40; lat. 0°65 ;_

alt. 2°60 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. H. Cuming.

Flat, solid, obliquely oval, with the auricles small, obtuse ; twenty-

three rounded, smooth, thick ribs; the general colour pale straw,

164

pink at the umbones, variegated with interrupted angular bands of

brightish red.

Prcren ve.utinus, Thes. Conch. pl. 138. f.31. Pect. T. subovali,

.subcompressd, equilaterali, radiatim leviter striatd, ad marginem

subinflatd ; auriculis subequalibus, striatis, margine oblique pli-

cato; costis 5, crassis, rotundatis, gradatim declinantibus ; colore

fulvo-rufescente, fasciis albis, angulatis, subtis fusco-marginatis

variegato ; intis albo. Long. 1:15; lat. 0°37; alt. 1°25 poll.

Hab. Macassar. Hinds legit. .

Nearly oval, rather flat, equilateral, with fine radiating striz ; auri-

cles nearly equal, striated; hinge obliquely plicated; ribs five,

rounded, not very deep; colour dull fawn, variegated with angular

bands of white edged with brown lines. The whole surface of the

shell has a somewhat velvety appearance.

Pecren serRATUS, Thes. Conch. pl. 13. f.56. Pect. T. oblique

ovali, irregulari, postice subproductd, subcompressd ; auriculis in-

e@qualibus, posticis minoribus, costis numerosis, minutissime squa-

- miferis ; colore sulphureo, maculis magnis fuscis variegato, intits

ad marginem purpureo. Long. 1°20; lat. 0°50; alt. 1°40 poll.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinas. H. Cuming legit. Found under

stones at low water on the island of Zebu.

Resembling P. sguamosus, but more oblique and more ventricose,

with the scales more minute.

PrecTEN ALBOLINEATUS, Thes. Conch. pl. 14. f.69. Pect. T. ovali

subtrigond, compressd, equivalvi ; auriculis inequalibus, posticis

minimis, anticis magnis, acutis, sulcatis ; costis numerosis, equa-

libus, subquadratis ; interstitiis griseo-maculatis, valve sinistre

costis griseis, lineis albis interruptis, costarum tribus albis. Long.

0°93; lat. 0°25; alt. 1:19 poll.

Hab. Ins. Guimaras, Philippinarum. Found under stones at low

water. ;

Resembling P. ornatus, Lam., but with the ribs more numerous,

equal and regular.

Pecren sincarorinus, Thes. Conch. pl. 13. f. 151, et pl. 18. f. 71.

Pect. T. rotundatd, subtrigond, subcompressd, equivalvi, subequi-

laterali, subtenut ; auriculis inequalibus ; anticis magnis ; costis 24

elevatis, subquadratis, levibus ; colore albo, pallidé roseo tincto,

radiis quatuor latis, fusco-maculatis ; prope umbones griseo macu-

Tato. Long. 1°30; lat. 0°40; alt. 1°30 poll.

Hab. Singapore. Found in coarse sand at the depth of six fathoms.

_ More depressed spreading and circular than P. Tranquebaricus.

PrEcTEN crassicostatus, Thes. Conch. pl. 15. f. 111. pl. 17. f. 152.

Pect. T. subtriangulari, crassd, subequilaterali, sublevi ; auriculis

inequalibus, costas squamiferas ferentibus ; costis 24, crassis,

elevatis, subquadratis, annulatis ; lateralibus squamiferis ; inter-

stitiis fere levibus, colore pallide purpureo, vel aurantiaco. Long.

4:50; lat. 1°50; alt. 4°30 poll.

165

Hab. Japan. Mus. H. Cuming.

A much larger and more solid shell than P. senatorius, with the

ribs much more elevated and more square,

Prcren sPLENDIDULDS, Thes. Conch. pl. 20. f. 246. Pect. T. ovali,

subtrigond, tenui, compressd, ad latera angulatd ; auriculis valde

inequalibus, squamoso-sulcatis, complanatis ; anticis latis, elonga-

tis; sinu magno; costis 25, concinnis, subdistantibus, rotundato

subquadratis, squamas acutas erectas, distantes ferentibus ; colore

rubro, maculis albis elongatis, ad auricula lateraque fasciatim

variegato. Long. 1°20; lat. 0°35 ; alt. 1°35 poll.

Hab. Singapore. Mus. H. Cuming. Found at a depth of six

fathoms in coarse sand.

- A much more compressed and regularly- formed shell than P. varius.

Pecren Psgeupourma, Thes. Conch. pl. 20. f. 235. Pect. T. ro-

tundato-ovali, subobliqud, subequivalvi, ventricosd ; auriculis in-

equalibus, squamoso-sulcatis ; anticis elongatis, acutis, valve dex-

tre ad marginem spinosis ; posticis parvis obtusis ; costis 27, cras-

siusculis, bisulcatis, subrotundatis, squamarum acutarum series tres

Ferentibus ; interstitiis angustis planis; colore aurantiaco, albo

(precipue ad umbones) variegato.

Hab. Jacna, ad Ins. Bohol, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

The ribs are beautifully ornamented by three rows of close, sharp,

erect, slightly curved scales.

Mr. Sowerby also characterized a new species of Rostellaria.

RosTEeLLaria curTA, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, part i. pl. 5. f. 7.

Rost. testd crassd, levi, fusiformi ; apice leviter plicatd ; anfrac-

tibus numerosis planis ; canali postico super anfractts penultime

partem decumbenti ; canali antico brevi, recto ; labio interno crasso ;

labio externo subexpanso, dentibus sex irregularibus ; colore fulvo,

fascia latd castaned partem posticam anfractuum decurrente.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

The whorls of this species are flatter than in Rostellaria curviros-

trum ; the last whorl is much shorter and the anterior canal is straight.

The outer lip being irregular, led me at first to suppose that the spe-

cimen from which the description is taken might be one of the com-

mon species in which the completed aperture had been prematurely

formed, it being well known that R. curvirostrum, in a young state,

has the beak straight. But a slight difference in the shape of the

whorls, the broad chestnut bands on the upper part of them, and the

fact of several other specimens precisely similar having been seen by

Mr. Cuming at Berlin, have determined me to describe this as a new

species, which I now do with little hesitation.

Mr. Gould exhibited a new species of Parrot belonging to the

genus Coryphilus, whch he characterized as follows :—

Corypuitus Dryas. Cor. vittd frontali metallice viridi, cerule-

scente verticem versus ; hujus plumis elongatis et saturate ceruleis ;

166

dorso et alis obscur? viridibus, uropygio, caude tectricibus, et crisso

pallid viridibus, caude rectricibus albis, marginibus pallid? vire-

scenti-ceruleo tinctis ;.loris albis, pectore vittd saturate ceruled

ornato ; abdomine albo, femoribus saturate ceruleis.

A band of verditer-green crosses the forehead, changing into blue .

towards the crown, the feathers of which are lengthened and of a

deep blue, with a narrow line of shining paler blue down the centre

of each; back and wings dull verditer-green ; rump, upper and under

tail-coverts light verditer-green ; primaries black, margined on the

outer webs with deep greenish blue; tail-feathers white, gradually

passing into pale greenish blue on their margins, and the shafts

brown; lores white; throat and front of the neck deep blue, each

feather with a spot of white at the tip; breast crossed by a band of

deep blue ; abdomen deep blue, each feather largely tipped with white;

thighs deep blue ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet yellowish white.

Total length, 74 inches; bill, ,; wing, 43; tail, 31; tarsi, 3.

Hab. The Marquesas Islands.

From the indistinct character of the markings of the throat and

abdomen, the bird from which the above description was taken would

appear to be somewhat immature.

Mr. H. E. Strickland then communicated to the Meeting a list of

the Birds in the Chinese collection now exhibiting at Hyde Park

Corner :—

“In the present very imperfect state of our knowledge of Chinese

zoology, any contribution, however small, becomes valuable, and I

have therefore thought it worth while to draw up as accurate a list

as I can of the species of birds contained in the very interesting col-

lection of Chinese productions now exposed to public view. Most

of the species enumerated exist also in the British Museum, where

the kindness of Mr. G. R. Gray has aided me in identifying them.”

N.B. The Nos. refer to the printed catalogue and to the speci-

mens.

Case 19, No. 874. Euplocamus nycthemerus, (Linn.)*

375 & 376. Polyplectron Hardwickei, Gray.

377 & 378. Thaumalea picta, (Linn.)

379. Paradisea sanguinea, Shaw.

380 & 382. Paradisea apoda, Linn.

381. Cicinnurus regius, (Linn.)

383. Cygnopsis cygnoides, (Linn.)

Case 21, Nos. 385 & 386. Phasianus torquatus, Gm. This is the

true wild Ring-necked Pheasant indigenous to China. The Ring-

necked Pheasants sometimes shot in this country are supposed to be a

mixed breed between this species and P. colchicus.

387. Aix galericulata, (Linn. )

388. Oriolus chinensis, Linn.

389. Arborophila sphenura, (Gray.)

* The brackets ( ) imply that the authority refers to the specific names

only.

167

390. Acridotheres cristatellus, (Gm.)

391. Lanius erythronotus, Gould.

392. Centropus. Several of the Asiatic species of this genus are

as yet so imperfectly determined that I do not venture to affix a spe-

cific name to this bird.

393. Ceryle varia, Strickl. This, which is the Eastern represen-

tative of the C. rudis of Europe and Airica, is distinguished by the

round black spots on the throat and the greater amount of white on

the upper parts.

394. Gallinula gularis, Horsf.

395. Coturnix communis, Bonn.

396. Fuligula cristata, Steph. _

Case 22, Nos. 398 & 399. Rollulus cristatus, (Gm.)

400 & 401. Gallus bankiva, 'Temm.

402. Turnix pugnax, (Temm.)

403. <Acridotheres ialla, (Horsf.)

404. Paleornis bengalensis, (Gm.)

405. Acridotheres sericeus, (Gm.) This species is quite distinct

from A. dauricus, Pall., with which it is united by Wagler.

406. Hematornis jocosus, (Linn.)

407. Merops philippinus, Linn.

408. Paleornis torquatus, Vig.

409. Amadina punctularia, (Linn.)

410 & 411. Amadina oryzivora, (Linn.)

412. Pyrrhulauda gingica, (Gm.) (Fringilla cruciger, Temm.)

413. Merops viridis, Linn.

414. Acridotheres malabaricus, (Gm.)

415. Paleornis torquatus, Vig. Female.

416. Amadina malacca, (Linn.)

417. Hydrophasianus sinensis, (Gm.)

418. Psittacus sinensis, Gu.

419. Anser albifrons, (Gm.)

420. Phalacrocorar. An immature specimen, apparently identical

with P. carbo, (Linn.) of Europe.

423. Xema, apparently referable to X. ridibundum, (Linn.)

424. Rhynchaspis clypeata, (Linn.)

There are also in Case 22, but without numbers, the two follow-

ing : Porzana rubiginosa, (Temm.), and Rallus gularis, Horsf.

Case 51, Nos. 862 and 863. Francolinus perlatus, (Gm.)

864. Querquedula falcaria, (Pall.)

866. Coturnix chinensis, (Linn. )

867. Lanius lucionensis, (Linn.)

868. Ianthocincla canora, (Linn.)

869 & 875. Coccothraustes melanurus, (Gm.)

870 & 871. Pyrgita rutilans, (Temm.)

872 & 873. Psittacula galgula, (Linn.)

874. Apparently the young of Melophus Lathami, Gray.

876. Turdus, apparently referable to T. merula, Linn., fem.

877. Gallinula chloropus, (Linn.)

878. Gallinula phenicura, (Gm.)

168

879. Dafila acuta, (Linn.)

880. Calenas cruenta, (Gm.)

Case 52, No. 884. Querquedula formosa, (Georgi.)

885. Coturnix communis, Bonn.

886. Anthus. This genus is at present imperfectly worked out,

and it is therefore difficult to attach a specific name accurately to the

above specimen.

887. Herodias garzetta, (Linn.)

888. Oriolus chinensis, Linn.

889. Asio brachyotus, (Linn.)

890. Halcyon atricapilla, (Gm.)

891. Copsychus longirostris, (Swains. )

892. Carduelis sinica, (Linn.) (Fringilla kawariba, Temm.)

893. Melophus Lathami, Gray.

894. Gallinula phenicura, (Gm.)

895. Liothria sinensis, (Gm.)

896. Yune torquilla, Linn.

897. Mareca penelope, (Linn.)

898. Querquedula crecca, (Linn.)

Case 54, Nos. 917 and 921. Argus giganteus, Temm.

918 & 920. Turtur suratensis, (Gm.)

919. Acridotheres tristis, (Linn.)

922. Paleornis malaccensis, (Gm.)

«The birds above enumerated were obtained by Mr. Dunn during

his residence at Canton. Some of them appear to have been im-

ported thither from Malacca, and the remainder form but a small

sample of the zoological treasures that might be obtained were the

Chinese Empire opened to naturalists. It seems strange that so

little has yet been done to obtain specimens of Chinese zoology

through the medium of the natives. Thousands of bird-skins are

annually sent to Europe by the natives of Brazil, Senegal and Ma-

lacca, and there can be no reason why a similar trade should not be

established with China, All that the Chinese want is a little instruc-

tion in the art of preserving specimens, which might be easily com-

municated if some of the merchants connected with the tea-trade

would take an interest in the subject.” H. E.S.

The following descriptions of new species of Nerites, collected by

Mr. Cuming in the Philippine Islands, by M. C. A. Récluz, were also

read.

Observation.—By length is meant the distance from the summit

of the spire to the external base of the columella; by breadth, the

diameter formed by the extremities of a line which should pass from

the anterior to the posterior side, and by convexity or thickness, the

distance comprised between the most convex parts of the columella

and of the last whorl.

Second Section of the Genus.—Shells smooth, or striated length-

wise ; outer lip without teeth and without furrows internally ; colu-

mella not notched at the summit; columellar lip sharp, or crenulated

at the margin. Neritina, Lamarck, ~

169

f * Orbiculate seu subhemispherice.

1. Nerira tasiosa (Sowerby). N. testd orbiculari, postice angus-

tatd, fornicatd, crassd, maximd, striatd, fusco-viridescente, nigro

et rufo obsolete variegatd ; anfractibus duobus ad suturam com-

pressis ; apice compresso-concavo ; aperturd orbiculari, subcontinud,

intis albidd ; labio latissimo, depresso-plano, fusco-aurantio, mar-

gine subarcuato, edentulo ; labio rotundato, superne et inferne

dilatato.

Var. 2. Testd nigrescente, immaculatd.

Long. 1°52; lat. 1°84; cony. 1:04 poll. Aperture altitudo 1°52;

lat. 1°60 poll.

Hab. Ad Insulas Philippinas; Tanhay, isle of Negros: in a small

river. Var. 3, Agoo, province of Pangasinan, isle of Lucon: on

stones in a rapid river.

Two pyriform muscular impressions, and more forward than in any

other species, are visible at the internal base of the columella, which

has no trace of callosity.

The upper tooth of the operculum is oblique, lamellated, with a

strongly-cut crest, a character which is unique in the genus Nerita.

2. Nerira squam#prcta. UN. testd ovato-subhemisphericd, supra

medium vie depressd, striis longitudinalibus remotis superne et an-

tice subarcuatis impressd, sub epidermide olivaceo maculis squami-

Sormibus antic nigro-marginatis undique pictd ; apice rotundato-

obtuso ; apertura extis ovatd, intis albido-cerulescente ; labio

plano, lutescente, medio albo, anticé tenue arcuatim denticulato.

Long. 1°16; lat. 1°44; conv. 0°88 poll.

Hab. Agoo, province of Pangasinan, isle of Lucon: in a rapid

river.

Operculum similar to the Nerites, allied to N. pulligera ; subcon-

vex above, finely striated lengthwise, of a whitish fawn-colour pos-

teriorly ; rosy anteriorly, streaked with circular bands of a blackish

blue; subconcave below, of a dirty green, spotted with rosy white

at the anterior side. Two teeth: the upper one ovate, acute at the

summit, reddish; the lower one circular, canuliculated lengthwise,

feebly striated transversely, yellowish.

3. Neriva Periti, Récluz, Rev. Cuv. 1841. p. 274. No. 24.

Var. 6. T. majori, fusco-castaned ; infime et superné ad suturam com-

pressd et subcanaliculatd ; spird retusa.

Var. y. T. minori, fusco-nigrescente, sub oculo et lumine maculis

nigris diversiformibus notatd ; aperturd subrotundd, supern? et in-

Serne dilatatd, intis aurantid.

Long. 1°40; lat. 1:96; conv. 1°16 poll.

Hab. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao: on

stones. Var. y, Agoo: in a mountain-stream.

The operculum of this species differs from that of N. pulligera

only in its paler colour.

4. Nerira aspeRuLAtTa. UN. testd ovato-ellipticd, striis intertextis

granulosis asperulatd, fusco-nigrd, sub oculo et lumine, lineis ni-

170

gris ramosis transversis intricatis notatd ; anfractibus 14, superné

depressis ; apice prominulo, obtuso; apertura rotundatd, superne

et inferné dilatatd, luteo-fuscescente ; labio plano-compresso, mar-

gine vie arcuato et tenue ruguloso.

Long. 0°56 ; lat. 0°76 ad 0°84; conv. 0°40 ad 0°44 poll.

Hab. Pasaguing, province of North Ylocos, island of Lucon: on

stones in a small river.

The operculum of this species does not differ from that of N. pul-

ligera, except in its colour, which is of a brownish black, faintly and

indistinctly striated with fawn-colour from the summit to the anterior

margin ; the striz often scarcely apparent.

5. Nerira Panayana. WN. testd parvd, ovato-hemisphericd, ven-

tricosd, postice angustatd, tenui ; luteo-viridescente, lineolis nigres-

centibus angulato-flecuosis creberrimis pictd ; anfractibus 14 su-

premo eroso-retuso ; aperturd extis orbiculari, intuis dilatatd,

albido-cerulescente ; columelld semi-lunari pland, albd, anticé rec-

tiusculd.

Long. 0°28; lat. 0°40; conv. 0°20 poll. Apertura altit. et diam.

0°28 poll.

Hab. River Dingle, province of Ylo-Ylo, island of Panay: on

small stones.

Operculum unknown. ‘This species resembles some varieties of

Ner. dubia, but differs from them by its form and by its spire; also

in the absence of any depression at the inferior margin of the colu-

mella,

6. Nerira creprputaria (Lamarck).

Var. major. T. hemisphericd, crassiusculd, dorso fornicatd, pur-

pureo-nigrescente maculis quadratis luteis tessellatd, aperturd ex-

tus continud pallid cinnamomed ; labio subplano, in medio longitu-

dinaliter arcuatimque sulco notato, antice arcuatim crenulato,

Long. 0°80; lat. 1:04; conv. 0°60 poll.

Hab. Jimmaymilan, isle of Negros: found on the trunks of the

Nepa Palm, in brackish water.

I do not see in the characters of this Nerite anything to cause its

separation from the Neritina crepidularia, Lam. ; N. mitrula, Menke,

‘Synopsis,’ p. 48; nor from the N. violacea, Gmelin, if it is not its

larger proportions. I presume that the Patella neritoidea, Linn.,

Mus. Lud. Ulr., p. 688. No. 409, is the same shell, worn and occu-

pied by a Pagurus.

7. Nerira Ranerana, Récluz in Guérin, Rey. Cuv. 1841. p. 339.

No. 46.

Var. minor. T. pulchre viridi, punctulis albis, antice nigro margi-

natis, transversim 2-4 seriatis, ad suturam maculis albis subarcu-

atis lacteis ornatd. An Ner. viridis, Sowerby, Conch. Illustr.,

f. 24?

Long. 0°28 ; lat. 0°24 poll.

Hab. Dumaguété, island of Negros : found in a small stream.

Operculum green, slightly concave above, finely striated length-

171

wise, with two other circular strie from the summit to the posterior

margin; very convex underneath, hollowed at the posterior side for

the insertion of the muscle, and provided with two teeth at the top ;

the upper one very short, lamellated, and truncated at the summit;

the second circular, equally short, dilated into a sort of plate on the

side of the summit of the operculum, which gives to this tooth a

lanceolate form.

The figure published by Mr. Sowerby under the name of Neritina

viridis, Linn., and which this author says inhabits Antigua, appears

to me to be the same as Ner. Rangiana, var. minor ; but as I have only

his figure to guide me, I cannot state it as a fact.

8. Neriva putticera, Linn., Lamarck (non Lesson, Voy. Coq.).

Var. 3. T. labio postice aucto.

Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao : on stones in a deep river.

This prolongation of the posterior border of the columella renders

this variety remarkable. This Nerite may possibly be found here-

after biauriculated.

** Auriculate.

9. Nerira suBauRicuLaTa. N. testd ovato-hemisphericd, convexd,

fusco-violascente, punctis albido-lutescentibus dense aspersd ; apice

brevissimo ; aperturd extis ovatd, postice truncatd, continud,

plumbeo-nigrescente, dilatatd ; columelld convexo-depressd, sulco

obsoleto circumcinctd, antice vive arcuatd, denticulatd ; labro su-

perne in auriculd brevissimd prolongato.

Long. 0°52 ad 0°56; lat. 0°68 ad 0°72; conv. 0°32 ad 0°40 poll.

Hab. Jimamailan, isle cf Negros: on the Nepa Palm trunks in

brackish water.

This Neritina is very nearly allied to Ner. violacea, Gmel., but is

smaller, less convex, with the summit more inclined towards the

margin; the opening truncated posteriorly, dilated at the summit

and at the base, and auriculated on the superior side. The opercu-

lum does not differ materially ; it is a little darker above, with a flesh-

coloured zone on the middle, visible only at its base.

10. Nerrra picanaticunaTa. WN. testd ovatd, postice truncatd,

dorso convexd, tenui, pellucidd, fuscescente, lineis violaceo-nigris,

crebre et eleganter reticulatd ; apice brevissimo, dorso interdum

compresso plano ; labio lato, subconvero, margine arcuatim tenue

denticulato ; labro postice biauriculato ; auriculis angustis, subtis

canaliculatis.

Var. 3. T. fuscescente, lineolis obsoletis, interstitiis interdum conico-

angustis ; spird integerrimd, punctiformi ; auriculis concaviusculis,

aperturd pallide fused.

Var. y. T. pallidiore, viz reticulatd.

Hab. Island of Camiguing; found in a small pond. Var. 6, Pas-

siguing, province of North Ylocos: on stones in a rapid river. Var. y,

Abulug, province of Cagayan: on stones in a large river.

A fine Neritina, very distinct from all the auriculated species

172

hitherto known. Its auricles are narrow, convex above, and hollow

beneath, or in form of a short canal.

Operculum oval, flat above, flesh-coloured, and radiated from the

summit to the anterior side with five to seven blackish lines; the

anterior side bordered with a blood-coloured zone, enclosed by an-

other pellucid zone; very fine striz spring from the summit, and

radiate to the anterior side in an opposite direction to the bands.

Inferior surface less flat, pale rosy brown or reddish brown, as well

as the teeth, which offer nothing particular, and which resemble

those of the opercula of Ner. pulligera and other allied species. The

operculum of var. 6 is of an uniform colour above, on account of

its zones being confluent. Thut of var. y is of a very pale green,

with a circular stria, which divides its external surface in two parts

almost longitudinally. This character is also observable upon the

operculum of var. (3, but very faintly. There is no trace-of it upon

the type.

*** Spinose, interdum muticze (Clithon, Montfort).

11. Nerrra ortvacea. UN. testd ovato-globosd, ventricosd, crassd,

griseo-olivaced, anfractibus 25, superne depressiusculis ; apice sub-

convexo, obtuso, laterali, in medio deroso ; aperturd extis subqua-

dratd, intis exalbidd, labio postice rufescente, plano, margine

crenato, et in medio vir arcuato.

Long. 1°12; lat. 1°36; conv. 0°76 poll.

Hab. Agoo, province of Pangasinan, island of Lugon: on stones

in a rapid river.

This Clithon has sometimes a brownish zone posteriorly, with some

faint reddish spots. The summit of the shell is corroded and exca-

vated. Operculum of a Clithon, rosy white, spotted with red at the

summit, and faintly marked with a circular streak in the centre of

its external surface. The interior surface is reddish, convex, and

flattened at the base ; two teeth at the top, the upper one lamellated,

elevated into an obtuse point; the second or inferior one circular

and striated. Underneath this tooth there is a great depression.

12. Nerira sicotor. UN. testd ventricoso-ovatd, crassiusculd, sub

suturd depressiusculd, strigis nigris et olivaceis longitudinalibus

dense pictd; apice eroso; aperturd extis subquadratd exalbidd; labio

plano, superne calloso basi canaliculato, margine in medio arcuato,

et obsolete dentato ; dente cardinali majori.

Long. 1:04; lat. 1-20; conv. 0°76 poll.

Hab. Agoo: in a mountain-stream.

Operculum of a Clithon, oval, solid, whitish, striated lengthwise

in an oblique direction, and marked with a circular furrow from the

summit to the posterior margin, ending in a slight notch; inferior

surface furnished with a large, circular, slightly raised rib, prolonged

in an obtuse angle at the posterior margin. Two teeth at the top:

the upper one an oblique rosy plate terminated at the summit; the

lower one circular, delicate yellow, enlarged at the summit, and

striated lengthwise and across.

173

13. Nerrra inrerrupra. N. testd ovato-semiglobosd, apice valde

corrosd et truncatd, olivaced, lineolis luteis interdum interruptis

creberrimis et fascits latiusculis luteis transversis pictd ; aperturd

extis semi-ovali, intits luted ; labio subsemilunari, plano-concavo,

margine in medio arcuato, acuto, dente cardinali exserto.

Lat. 0°96 ; conv. 0°64 poll.

Hab. Yba, province of Zambales, isle of Lucon: on stones in a

rapid river.

The flat and greatly eroded summit does not allow the form and

length of the shell to be ascertained with exactitude. It appears to

me to have at most a whorl and a half faintly depressed below the

suture.

Operculum very like that of N. bicolor, but of a yellowish white

colour externally. On the inferior surface I observe that the upper

tooth is stronger; the lower one annulated transversely, in a more

distinct manner. The intermediary plate is more compressed and

less sinuous at the margin, and the notch at the posterior part ap-

pears to me to be deeper.

14. Nerira ancutosa. N. testd ventricoso-globosd, superné de-

presso-pland, subtis angulosd, olivaced, maculis luteis parvulis ob-

soletis notatd; anfractibus duobus inequaliter rugatis ; supremo

deroso-concavo, aperturd subrotundatd, antice et postice angustatd,

superne et inferne dilatatd ; columelld angustd, medio concavd, su-

perne callosd, antice tenu® denticulatd, medio emarginatd.

Long. 0°72; lat. 0°92 ; conv. 0°60 poll.

Hab. Casan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao: on stones

in a small stream.

Operculum oval, waved with grey on the anterior side, with a

narrow circular furrow ending in a strong posterior notch: this fur-

row bounds a superior, obtuse and circular angle. The summit of

an orange colour; internal surface bearing a curved rib in the centre,

of greater or less width. Superior tooth yellowish and obtuse; the

inferior yellowish white and substriated lengthwise ; the intermediary

plate between the two teeth of a citron colour, cut obliquely at the

margin. ‘The depression existing at the base of the lower tooth is

of a flesh-colour approaching to cinnamon.

15. Nerira crrcumvo.uta. N. testd globoso-subovatd, dilute fulva

in roseo vertente, punctis luteolis anticé lineis nigris marginatis

marmoratd, zonis nigris remotis circumcinetd ; anfractibus duobus

nigro-marginatis ; supremo obtuso, decorticato; aperturd albida ;

labio plano, superne calloso, antice ruguloso, et in medio arcuatim

emarginato.

Long. 0°72 ; lat. 0°84 ; conv. 0°68 poll.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinas.

Operculum of a Clithon, oval, of a rosy white, with a broad, rather

concave and central furrow; on the interior face of a pale yellowish

colour, shaded with rose. One lamellated and pointed tooth near

the summit, and an inferior one, which is circular, subcanaliculated

in the centre, and striated transversely.

174

16. Nerira squarrosa. WN. testd ventricoso-globosd, interdum

subovatd, superne depressd et subangulatd, epidermide squarrosd,

maculis rufescentibus angulatis confertis nigro seu olivaceo-mar-

ginatis pictd, apice rotundatd, aperturd extis subquadratd, intis

albido-cerulescente ; labio supra lutescente, plano, anticé ruguloso,

medio arcuaio.

Var. 6. T. subrubicundd, nigro-fasciatd.

Var. y. T. roseo-purpurascente, albo-maculatd, labio margine detrito.

Var. 6. T. roseo-purpurascente, albo-maculatd, nigrescente fasciatd ;

labio detrito.

Long. 0°80 ad 0°84; lat. 1-04 ad 1:08; conv. 0°68 ad 0°76 poll.

Hab. Jimamailan, isle of Negros: on stones in a mountain-

stream. Var. 6, Ginijeran, isle of Negros: on stones in a sluggish

river. Var. y and 6, island of Burias.

Operculum of a Clithon, whitish or rather rosy externally, with

one or two circular striz in the centre ; of a livid rose-colour, spotted

with yellow on the interior. Two teeth: the first lamellated, pointed

at the summit; the lower one circular, narrow, striated lengthwise

and across, but faintly. Subapophysary canal spotted with livid

rose, showing below two remote angles, but slightly raised.

17. Nerrra Sowersrana. N. testd subglobosd, tenu® striatd nigro

et albido alternatim fasciatd ; fasciis nigris albo-articulatis, albidis

muculis nigro- marginatis antice sagittatis ornatd ; anfractibus tri-

bus, convexis ; spird vix prominuld, rotundatd ; aperiurd obliqud

cinerascente ; labio subconvexo, lutescente, antic denticulato ar-

cuatoque.

Var. B. T. cinereo-lutescente, maculis sagittatis ut supra subzonatd ;

ad suturam maculis arcuatis nigris ornatd.

Var. y. T. nigerrimd, maculis triangularibus albidis adspersd, ad

suturam interdum subspinosd.

Var. 6. T. nigerrimd, maculis raris subpunctatd, zonis duabus lutes-

centibus cinctd, ad suturam subspinosd.

Long. 0°56 ad 0°60; lat. 0°64 ad 0°72; conv. 0°48 poll.

Hab. Sinait, province of North Ylocos, island of Lugon: on the

stony bed of a small river. Var. /3, y and 4, island of Guimaras : found

in a small stream on rocks.

Operculum of a Clithon, deeply hollowed with a circular stria in

the centre, zoned transversely with bluish in-the anterior portion of

its external surface ; the interior of a yellowish or livid rose-colour :

upper tooth citron, short, obtuse, united to the lower one, which is

smooth, circular, striated lengthwise and across by a short plate,

which is subsinuous anteriorly.

I see no difference among all the varieties which I unite to this

Nerite, except those of colour. The characters of the operculum

are the same.

I have very great satisfaction in dedicating this species to that

scientific conchologist, Mr. G. B. Sowerby.

18. Nerira Montacuti. N. destd ventricoso-globosd, supra me-

dium spinis brevibus coronatd, oblique striatd, lutescente, superneé

175

et infra medium zonis nigris lutescente maculatis pictd ; supremd

latiore ; anfractibus tribus superné depresso-planis ; spird depresso-

converd ; aperturd dilatatd, rotundatd, albido-lutescente ; labio an-

gusto, medio concavo, margine denticulato, in centro arcuato.

Var. (3. T. olivaced, maculis lutescentibus adspersd, ultimo anfractu

superne convexiusculo, labio denticulato.

Var. y. T. dilute olivaced, maculis pallidioribus nigro anticé sagit-

tatis marginatisque ; ultimo anfractu superne subconvexo, labio

edentulo, integerrimo.

Var. 6. T. nigerrimd, punctis albis sparsis notatd.; labio denticulato.

Var. e.? T. fulvd, nigrescente tinctd, sub oculo et lumine punctu-

lis pellucidis obsitd ; spinis extrorsum curvatis ; ultimo anfractu

basis costuld notato ; spird viv prominuld.

Long. 0°76; lat. 0°80 ad 0°88; conv. 0°60 ad 0°64 poll.

Hab. Island of Burias ;: on stones in a rivulet.

I consider it my duty to dedicate this Nerite to the learned con-

chologist Montagu, as a homage due to his talents.

19. Nerita Donovant. N. testd semiglobosd, tenué et dense striatd,

viridescente, lineis obliquis purpureo-nigrescentibus, equidistantibus

undatis ornatd ; anfractibus tribus convezis, supra medium spinis

incurvis armatis ; apice deroso ; aperturd cerulescente, basi effusd,

angulosd ; labio angusto, superné calloso, basi concavo, margine

subrecto denticulato ; dente cardinali majori.

Var. 3. T. ovatd, nitidd, maculis viridibus et purpurascentibus dense

tessellatd ; spinosd, ultimo anfractu superneé ascendente, basi costuld

transversd notato ; spird prominuld.

Long. 0°50; lat. 0°60; conv. 0°40 poll. Var. 6, long. 0°56; lat.

0°60; conv. 0°44 poll.

Hab. Island of Guimaras : on stones in a small stream.

Whatever the difference of form and colour, it does not appear to

me possible to distinguish these two shells otherwise than as vari-

eties of the same type. Their operculum is unknown to me.

20. Nerira Micuavnt, Récluz in Rev. Cuv. 1841. p. 315. No. 38.

Var. . T. tenui, lineolis nigris longitudinalibus rectis creberrimis, et

maculis luteis lined nigrd anticé cinctis concatenatis triserialibusque

pictd.

Var. y. T. anfractibus supra medium spinis brevibus angustisque ar-

matis.

Hab. Bauang, province of Pangasinan, isle of Lucon: on small

stones on the bank of a river.

21. Nerira puLCHELLA. UN. testd subglobosd, nitidd, vir striatd,

luteo-viridescente, maculis nigris sagittatis et zonis equalibus re-

motis nigris lutescente articulatis ornatd ; spird nulld ; apice con-

vero ; aperturd semi-rotundd, cerulescente ; labio angusto, subcon-

vexo, superne calloso, anticé subrecto, denticulato ; dente cardinali

majori.

Var. 3. Testd sordidé purpurascente, albo punctatd et zonis ceruleo-

viridescentibus albo-maculatis cinctd.

176

Var. y. Testd purpurascente, maculis albis nigro sagittatis et zonis

nigris albo-articulatis ornatd.

Var. 6. Testd rubicundd, punctulis albis, antice obsolet? purpureo-

nigrescentibus, antice marginatis marmoratd ; labro crassiore.

Long. 0°36 ad 0°40; lat. 0°44 ad 0°48; conv. 0°32 poll.

Hab. Sual, province of Pangasinan, isle of Lucon: in a small

stream.

Operculum of a Clithon, yellowish white, marked with a fine cir-

cular streak in the centre: two teeth at the summit of the interior

face; the upper one short, yellow; the lower one circular, yellow,

striated lengthwise and across, sometimes dilated at the summit ;

the intermediary plate between the two teeth of a whitish colour.

Mr. Yarrell exhibited some coloured plates of a large work on the

Mammalia of North America, by Mr. Audubon and Dr. Bachman.

December 13, 1842.

Prof. Rymer Jones in the Chair.

A letter from A. N. Shaw, Esq., Corresponding Member, dated

Dhawar, October 14, 1842, was read. It announces that a young

Tiger and a Bear, which that gentleman had presented to the So-

ciety, were in the possession of Sir Jamsetjie Jejubhoy, of Bombay,

who had kindly undertaken to forward them to England free of ex-

pense.

Two letters from the Society’s Corresponding Member, E. D.

Dickson, Esq., were read. The first, dated Constantinople, October

2, 1842, announces that Mr. Dickson had forwarded as a present to

the Society a collection of specimens, preserved in spirit, part of

which was a donation from himself and part from H. J. Ross, Esq.,

Corresponding Member. The second letter is dated Tripoli, Octo-

ber 24, 1842; it acknowledges the receipt of letters, &c. from the

Society, and states that another collection had been forwarded for

the Society. Some of the specimens in this latter collection were

procured by Mr. Ross at Samsoon, and the remainder by Mr. Dick-

son.

The following paper, by G. Newport, Esq., ‘‘On some new ge-

nera of the class Myriapoda,’”’ was then read :—

«The family Geophilide of Leach, composed of those little, gliding,

wormlike Myriapodes so abundant in our gardens, and yet so imper-

fectly known to the scientific naturalist, includes at least two distinct

genera, one of which only has hitherto been characterised. Dr. Leach

himself, to whom we are indebted for the foundation of nearly all

the scientific knowledge we possess of these animals, appears to have

regarded one of the five native species with which he was acquainted

as distinct from the others, and placed it accordingly in a division of

his genus Geophilus, founding his divisions on the comparative length

of the joints of the antenne. These divisions, with the same di-

stinguishing characters, have been retained by M. Gervais, who in

1837 published a monograph on the whole class, and added a third

section to the genus Geophilus, composed of two species, one of which,

Geophilus ferrugineus, had been described by Koch; and the other,

Geophilus mazillaris, was then first described by M. Gervais as a

new species. It is this division, added by M. Gervais, the Geophili

mazillares, which I now propose to establish as a separate genus,

under the name of Mecistocephalus, the characters of which, derived

from the peculiarly elongated form of the head, are as distinctly

marked as in any genus of this order.

“In acollection of Myriapoda, from the magnificent cabinet of the

No. CXIX.—Proceepines or THE Zoou. Soc,

178

Rey. F, W. Hope, which that gentleman many months ago, in the

most handsome manner, placed entirely at my control for the pur-

pose of describing, I discovered a third species, brought to this

country by the late Rev. Lansdowne Guilding, from the island of

St. Vincent, which I immediately recognized as a new genus; and

on examining the unarranged specimens of Myriapoda in the coliec-

tions of the British Museum, which the head of the zoological depart-

ment, J. E. Gray, Esq., has kindly permitted me to describe and

arrange, I have since found two other species, both new to science,

one of which was brought from India by — Elliot, Esq., but the lo-

cality of the other is unknown. ‘The genus I am now about to pro-

pose will thus include five species, agreeing most accurately in their

generic characters. They are all of them foreign to this country.

The only native species which at all approaches to Mecistocephalus

is the Geophilus longicornis of Leach, supposed by M. Gervais to be

Scolopendra electrica of Linnzeus, which constitutes Leach’s second

section of Geophilus. This I propose to separate as a distinct sub-

genus, by the name of Necrophlwophagus, although its characters are

not so distinctly marked as in the preceding. ‘The name proposed

for it is derived from its being mostly found under rotten wood, or

under the rotten bark of trees.

‘* Before I proceed to characterize these genera, it may be well to

remark, that the construction of the head in these, as compared with

the other Geophili and the Scolopendre, seems to throw much light

on the number of parts which are included in this division of the

body in the higher Articulata, and on the manner in which these

parts are united; and although I do not intend on the present occa-

sion to enter on the consideration of these structures, which I pro-

pose to do hereafter, it is necessary to state that I regard the head

of the Chilopoda as formed of two compound moveable portions, the

anterior of which, bearing the antennz, I shall designate the frontal

segment ; and the posterior, which gives attachment to the large forci-

pated foot-jaws, which I regard as the analogues of the mandibles of

insects, I shall call the basilar segment. Posterior to these there is

a third part, which, although perfectly distinct in all the Geophilide,

is united to the basilar in the Scolopendre and higher genera of this

order, forming a kind of cephalo-thorax or cephalo-prothorax.. This

I shall consider the second or sub-basilar segment.

“It is on characters derived from these parts that I now propose

to establish the genera.”

Class MYRIAPODA.

Order 1. Cu1nopopa.

Family Groruitip#, Leach,

Section A. Geophili mazillares, Gervais.

Genus Mecistocephalus*, Newport.

Characters—Frontal segment very narrow, elongated, four-sided,

more than twice as long as broad, antenne inserted on the frontal

* From “yxioros, longest, and xePeay, head.

179

margin, subapproximated, three times as long as the frontal segment ;

joints obconic, rather elongated, slightly hairy ; basilar segment qua-

drate, very short, and much narrower than the frontal, almost atro-

phied on the dorsal surface ; /abium and inferior surface of the basilar

segment very large, quadrate, extending backwards beneath the sub-

basilar segment, with its anterior margin slightly excavated ; mandi-

bles enlarged, straightened, and projecting, but curved and pointed

at their apex, with the internal margin acute and denticulated, and

the basilar joint encroaching on the dorsal surface of the basilar

segment. Sub-basilar segment large, transverse, with the anterior

margin straight, and the posterior and angles rounded. Body gra-

dually tapering ; legs from forty-five to seventy pairs; posterior pair

styliform.

Species 1. Mecistocephalus ferrugineus, Koch.

2. Mecistocephalus mavillaris, Gervais.

3. Mecistocephalus punctifrons, Newport.

Frontal segment and mandibles deeply punctured, with the basilar

segment and labium dark chestnut ; body testaceous, mandibles each

with two large acute teeth ; legs forty-nine pairs.

Length two inches three-tenths. India; — Elliot, Esq.

In the collection at the British Museum. ;

Frontal segment polished, with small scattered punctures; man-

dibles very strong, polished, and deeply punctured on the superior

surface, with the internal margin acute, with two large sharp teeth;

labium flattened, polished, with a longitudinal depression, and a few

minute, scattered punctures ; body gradually tapering, but broad and

strong anteriorly ; legs forty-nine pairs, broad, strong.

“J am uncertain whether this specimen had arrived at its full

growth, the number of legs being less than in the other species. It

may nevertheless have acquired its proper number since the species

described by M. Gervais has but forty-six pairs, and I have ascertained

most satisfactorily that the whole of the Chilopoda acquire very nearly

their full complement of legs before they have attained to one half o

their adult size.”

4. Mecistocephalus Guildingii, Newport.

Frontal segment polished, with a few scattered punctures; sides

and posterior angles rounded, ferruginous ; mandibles quadridentated ;

basilar segment and labium polished, ferruginous, with a broad, lon-

gitudinal sulcus and deep punctures on the latter; body yellowish,

testaceous ; legs forty-nine pairs. Length one inch and a half.

Island of St. Vincent. Rev. Lansdowne Guilding.

In the cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

There are five specimens of this species, varying considerably in

size, but agreeing most accurately in the number of their legs.

5. Mecistocephalus punctilabium, Newport.

Head, mandibles, labium and sub-basilar segment ferruginous ;

mandibles tridentated ; body brownish-green, with the two posterior

segments antenne and legs ochraceous. Frontal segment and la-

bium flattened, the latter deeply, and thickly punctured. Legs sixty-

one pairs.

180

Length two inches. Country?

In the collection of the British Museum.

The frontal segment of this species is flattened and punctured,

with the posterior margin straight, and the anterior somewhat

rounded; the mandibles are smooth, polished, rather straightened,

and rounded, with the internal margin less acute, with two or three

very small teeth; labium flattened, polished, with large, numerous

and deeply impressed punctures, and a longitudinal median sulcus,

with a slight emargination; dorsal surface of the body with three

longitudinal sulci; anal styles five-jointed ; second and third joint

short, but the fourth and fifth longer.

The characters of this species are less strongly marked than in

others of this genus, and they seem to form a transition to those of

the next genus. The anal styles are still very distinctly organs of

locomotion, in which respect they resemble those of Scolopendra and

Cryptops.

Sub-Genus Necrophicophagus*, Newport.

Geophilus**, Leach.

Geophili longicornes, Gervais.

Characters.—Frontal segment quadrate, a little longer than broad,

with the angles obtuse ; antenne inserted on the front, sub-approxi-

mated, more than three times as long as the frontal segment, with

the joints twice as long as broad, conic; basilar segment short, with

the posterior margin much wider than the frontal; mandibles short,

strong, with the internal margin rounded, toothless ; /abiwm broad,

almost quadrate, with the border emarginated ; body somewhat ta-

pering; legs more than fifty pairs; preanal segment narrow, styles

short.

Species Necrophwophagus longicornis, Leach.

Yellow, with the segments of the head, mandibles and labium

dark ferruginous ; antenne hairy, four times as long as the frontal

segment, with the three or four terminal joints smaller than the

others; labium smooth, with minute punctures, subconic ; anteriorly

wide and almost straight, posteriorly rounded ; legs yellow, fifty-five

pairs, anal styles small, slightly hairy.

Length two and a half to three inches. Europe: very common.

I have retained Dr. Leach’s original name to this species, which

has been supposed by M. Gervais to be the Scolopendra electrica of

Linnzeus. But Linnzeus’s species is described as “‘ pedibus utrinque 70;”

while Leach’s species, of which there are four specimens in the ca-

binet at the British Museum, besides ten collected by other persons,

has at most only fifty-five.

Genus Gonibregmatus+, Newport.

Characters.—Frontal segment short, transverse, anteriorly pointed ;

* From yexeds, dead; @aaids, bark; and Péyw, to eat.

+ From yale, angle, and Beéypa, the fore part of the head.

181

basilar segment very short, wider than the frontal; antenne monili-

form, approximated at their base, joints very short, with the terminal

one slightly elongated; eyes absent; mandibles very slender, long,

pointed, arcuate, toothless, compressed and twisted near their base ;

labium very short, transverse, with the anterior border slightly pro-

duced and emarginated ; Jabium internum projecting, thick, folded, and

formed for sucking ; palpi with the terminal joints slender and acute ;

sub-basilar segment short, but larger than the basilar; body elon-

gated, segments more than 160; legs inserted into little foveole in

the lateral ventral plates ; the two or three posterior segments of the

body enlarged and tuberose ; anal styles small, not used in walking.

1. Gonibregmatus Cumingii, Newport.

Greyish ash-colour ; frontal segment very convex, rounded poste-

riorly ; mandibles blackish; labium smooth; all the segments of the

body very short, convex ; dorsal surface with numerous irregular lon-

gitudinal sulci ; antepenultimate segment with the dorsal and ventral

plates atrophied ; anal styles slender, with their basilar internal mar-

gin carinated; anal scale convex, subcordate, posteriorly rounded

with two thin marginal plates ; legs 161 pairs, naked, claws black.

Length 43 to 5 inches.

From the Philippine Islands. Mr. Cuming.

In the collection at the British Museum.

I have never seen the Geophilus Walckeneri of Gervais, but from

the description given of that species I strongly suspect that it ought

to be included in this genus.

Mr. Gould then, at the request of the Chairman, exhibited some

new species of the genus Ortyx, which he thus characterizes :—

Ortyx nicrocutaris. Ort. vertice et corpore superiore splendide

Suscis ; strigd nigrd superciliari, a rostro usque ad occiput ; et

super hance strigd albd; sub oculos lined albd a rostro ad plumas

auriculares, et per latera colli excurrente, gulamque nigram circum-

dante plumis pectoris et abdominis albis nigro marginatis anguste

apud pectus, late et distincte apud abdomen, et sese squamatim

ostendentibus ; femoribus crissoque arenaceo-castaneis ; plumis la-

teralibus in medio albis.

Crown and all the upper surface rich brown; margins of the

tertiaries and wing-coverts fawn-colour; these feathers are also

crossed with indistinct zigzag lines, freckles, and blotches of black

and blackish brown; primaries greyish brown; tail deep bluish grey,

the centre feathers and the external margins of the remainder freckled

with reddish brown and buff; a black stripe, commencing at the base

of the bill, passes over the eye to the occiput; above this a stripe of

white; below the eye a white line from the base of the bill to the

ear-coverts, down the sides of the neck, and encircling the throat,

which is jet black ; feathers of the chest and abdomen white, mar-

gined with a zone of black; narrow on the chest, broad and distinct

on the abdomen ; giving the under surface a scaly appearance ; flanks,

thighs and under tail-coverts sandy chestnut, the centre of each o

the flank-feathers white ; bill black; feet flesh-white.

182

Total length, 8 inches; bill, ;; wing, 44; tail, 24; tarsi, li.

Hab. Mexico ; locality unknown. In the collection of the Earl of

Derby.

Remark.—This species is of the same form and nearly of the same

size as O. Virginiana.

Orryx PEecroratis. Ort. vertice et nuchd nigrescenti-fuscis ; lined

angustd albd frontali super oculos et per nucham ductd ; plumis

auricularibus, colli lateribus, et pectore nigris ; guld albd; abdo-

mine, lateribus et crisso, cervinis ; plumis lateralibus inferioribus,

ad apices nigro alboque guttatis dorso superiore, humeris scapulis-

que castaneis, tectricibus alarum, et caude, tertiariis, et dorso imo,

cinereo-fuscis ; plumis omnibus corporis superioris cervino pallideé

marginatis, et punctatis.

Crown of the head and back of the neck blackish brown; a narrow

stripe of white crosses the forehead, passes over the eye, and extends

down the back of the neck below the occiput; ear-coverts, sides of

the neck and chest, black ; throat white ; abdomen, flanks and under

tail-coverts fawn-colour; the tips of the feathers on the lower part

of the flanks spotted with black and white; the upper part of the

back, scapularies and shoulders, chestnut brown; wing-coverts, ter-

tiaries, back and upper tail-coverts greyish-brown; all the feathers

of the upper surface margined and speckled with very light fawn-

colour, which on the secondaries assumes the form of distinct bars ; in

addition to these marks the scapularies, secondaries, back and rump,

are minutely freckled with brown; the strongly contrasted markings

giving all the upper surface a bespangled appearance; primaries

brownish-grey ; tail-feathers bluish-grey ; some of them freckled on

the margin with buff ; bill black; feet flesh-white.

Total length, 7 inches; bill, $; wing, 4; tail, 23; tarsi, 12.

Hab. Mexico; locality unknown. In the collection of the Earl of

Derby.

Remark.—Of the same form, but smaller in size than O. Virginiana.

Orryx castavgeA. Ort. fronte guldque nigris ; lined superciliart

albd obsoletd usque ad occiput, et super hanc lined nigrd vertice,

nuchd, dorso superiore, humeris, pectore, et lateribus saturate cas-

taneis ; uropygio, tectricibusque caude@ castaneis nigro irroratis,

fasciatis, et punctatis ; plumis abdominalibus albis, nigro undatim

fasciatis lateralibus, guttis albis supra nigro cinctis, ornatis ; his

notis omnibus lucidis.

Forehead and throat black; an indistinct line of white runs

over the eye to the occiput, above this another indistinct line of

black ; crown of the head, back of the neck, upper part of the back,

shoulders, chest and flanks, deep rich chestnut; the feathers on the

sides of the neck with a black stripe down the centre and an oblong

patch of white down the outer web; the tertiaries and some of the

scapularies margined with deep fawn-colour, bounded within by an

indistinct line of black ; these feathers are also crossed with indistinct

bars and freckles of black ; ramp and upper tail-coverts rich chestnut,

minutely freckled, barred and dotted with black; feathers on the

183

centre of the abdomen white, marked with strong zigzag bars of

black, changing into spots of white, bounded above by black on the

flanks, all these marks being very brilliant ; eyelash dark olive ; irides

dark reddish hazel; bill black ; legs yellowish white.

Total length, 84 inches ; bill, ;; wing, 44; tail, 27; tarsi, 1}.

Weight 54 ounces and 20 grains avoirdupois.

Hab. South America; locality unknown. In my own collection.

Remark.—Rather larger in all its measurements than O. Virgini-

ana. From the general appearance of this bird, Mr. Gould is led to

believe that it may hereafter prove to be a variety of some other

species, probably of O. Virginiana ; at the same time its markings are

so different and so decided in character that he has deemed it best

to describe it provisionally, under a distinct appellation.

Ortyx (OponTropHorts) sTELLATA. Ort. mas. guld et collo cine-

reis, plumis rufo marginatis alis, plumisque scapularibus castaneo,

cervine, et nigro pulchre pictis ; caude tectricibus, rectricibusque

lineis undulatis alternattm rufo-fuscis et nigris, ornatis, punctis,

et guttis parvulis interspersis ; pectore, abdomine, et crisso splen-

didé rufo-castaneis plumis pectoris gultd parvuld centrali albd an-

guste nigro fere cinctd, perpulchre pictis.

Fem. staturd minore, et notis albis pectoralibus magis productis, et

minis conspicuis distinguendd.

Male.—Naked skin before and behind the eye yellowish; bill

black; crest rather lengthened and full; forehead and ear-coverts

clouded chestnut, the former passing into reddish chestnut on the

crown, and gradually brightening towards the occiput; throat and

neck both before and behind grey, all the feathers margined with

rufous; scapularies and wings (except the primaries) beautifully

marked with rich chestnut, buff and black, the black predominating

on the scapularies, which feathers are rendered very conspicuous by

having a whitish buff line down the centre; the tertiaries also are

marked with a bold edging of rich buff, bounded on the inner side

by a well-defined band of black, which surrounds the feather, while

the buff occupies the upper edge only; at the tip of all the wing-

coverts is a triangular spot of buffy white; primaries blackish brown,

marked on their outer edge with indistinct but regular bars of red-

dish brown ; back and rump dull greyish buff, each feather minutely

dotted and freckled with brown and black; tail-coverts and tail ru-

fous brown and black, the markings and colour so disposed that

neither predominate, being dispersed over each feather in alternate

narrow zigzag lines, interspersed with minute dots and freckles;

chest, abdomen and under tail-coverts rich rufous chestnut; the

feathers of the chest with a small white mark in the centre, very

nearly surrounded by a narrow irregular line of black, giving it a

‘very sparkling appearance ; feet and legs in the dried specimen horn-

colour.

Female.—Differs in being smaller in size and in having the small

white markings of the chest, being more lengthened in form and less

184

conspicuous than in the male; in all respects the colouring of the

two sexes is generally similar.

Male. Female.

Total lee th 5 6: ae mye ib Bach pisuhmresk 104 inches. 93 inches.

Bb oe Suiost ets dl dis epteheimate, » otiyd 02 — 03 —

AVE so es «1s, heueieae ad Ate rrarae ri 6 53 55 —

FUL cocires =bevads fabs cst eermeee ee «re 3i 4 —

(Paty «Se ace seats ak ste 5;° 2 — 12 —

This species is about the size of the Common Partridge. The

specimens from which the above descriptions were taken are in the

British Museum, to which they were presented by Lord Stewart ;

they are said to he from Brazil.

Specimens of new species of the genera Trochus and Turbo were

also exhibited, and were accompanied by the following descriptions

by Lovell Reeve, Esq.

Genus Trocuus.

Trocuus asteriscus. Troch. testd obeso-conicd, viridescente, an-

Sractuum margine squamoso-stellatd, squamis, grandibus cavis, in-

fimd facie eximié serratd, serris linearibus, parallelis, circulatim

dispositis ; umbilico tecto, basi roseo-tinctd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. u. pl. 217. f. 3.

Alt. 1}; diam. 1} poll.

Hab. ——?

This shell has the base of the columella stained with rose-colour,

like the Trochus rhodostoma, Lamarck ; there is no danger, however,

of confounding it with that species ; the under surface of the Trochus

asteriscus is most elegantly serrated, the serree ranging round with

peculiar regularity ; and the periphery of each whorl extends into

large hollow spouted scales. The shell figured in ‘ Conch. Syst.,’ at

fig. 5 of the same plate, under the name of Trochus pileolum, appears,

by a figure subsequently published in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Co-

quilles,’ to be the Trochus fimbriatus of Lamarck.

Trocuus cemmosus. Troch. testd parvd, conoided, luteo et violaceo

vivide variegatd ; anfractibus leviter convewxis, superficie ubique

granulatd, granulis obtusis, quasi gemmosis ; infimd facie similiter

ornatd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 218. f. 9.

Alt. 2; diam. 3 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Stainforth.

This is a most lovely shell to look upon; it is richly variegated

with violet and yellow, and the surface being obtusely granulated,

gives it the appearance of being studded with gems.

Trocuus Hantryanus. Troch. testd acute conicd, viridi, levis-

simé nodulosa ; anfractibus planiusculis, peripherid ultimi acutd ;

infimd facie roseo-tinctd, minutissimé serratd, serris regularibus,

seriatim dispositis, umbilico parvo.

Reeve, Conch, Syst., vol. ii. pl. 218. f. 11.

185

Alt. 14; diam. 13 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

By the above title I wish to keep in remembrance the name of my

industrious friend Sylvanus Hanley, Esq.

Trocuus mopgestus. Troch. testd conoided, roseo-aurantid, tuber-

culiferd, subsquamosd ; anfractibus convewvis, tuberculis squame-

formibus, irregularibus, in medio biseriatim cinctis ; umbilico tecto ;

basi aurantid.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 218. f. 14.

Alt. 18; diam. 1} poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This shell, which is of a peculiar rose-tinted orange-colour, has

each whorl encircled with a double row of irregular scale-like tuber-

cles.

Trocuus eximius. Troch. testd conico-pyramidali, pallide carneold,

lineis transversis interruptis sparsim ornatd ; anfractibus superne

concavis, in medio depresso-planis, bifuniculatis, funiculis albo-

nigroque tessellatis ; umbilico tecto.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 218. f. 12.

Alt. 2; diam. # poll.

Hab. ad Payanam. Mus. Cuming.

Dredged from sandy mud at the depth of ten fathoms.

Trocuus MELANostoma. Troch. testd depresso-conicd, cinereo-

violaced, fauce nigerrimd, anfractibus concaviusculis, marginibus

acutis, infimd facie circulariter teniatd ; umbilico tecto.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 218. f. 16.

Alt. 3; diam. # poll.

Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandiz.

The mouth of this shell is lined with a peculiarly black shining

enamel,

Genus Turso.

Turso putcuer. Turb. testd ovatd, ventricosd, multicostatd, luteo-

viridescente costis lineolis nigricantibus hic et ubique pictd ; an-

fractibus tumidis, ultimo valde maximd, costis interstitiisque pro-

Suse et tenuissime serratis.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 219. f. 3.

Alt. 24; diam. 1% poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

The leading feature of this beautiful shell is, that the entire sur-

face, both ribs and interstices, are very thickly and finely serrated.

Turso Ticaonicus. Turb. testd ovato-turbinatd, multicostatd,

luteo-viridescente, strigis nigerrimis transversim ornatd ; anfracti-

bus rotundatis, ultimo sublaxius voluto ; costis irregularibus, latis

et angustis, interstitiis tenuissimeé serratis ; umbilico parvo.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 219. f. 6.

Alt. 24; diam. 2 poll.

Hab. ad insulam ‘Ticao, Philippinarum. Mus. Cuming.

186

This shell was found by Mr. Cuming at the above locality in mud,

at the depth of ten fathoms.

Turso squamicer. Turb. testd ovato-turbinatd, multisquamosd,

luteo et viridi variegatd, anfractibus subtumidis squamis grandibus,

cavis, seriatim dispositis, ubique cinctis.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 220. f. 7.

Alt. 13; diam. 14 poll.

Hab. >? Mus. Cuming.

The Turbo squamiger may be immediately recognised, as being

entirely covered with large vaulted scales, arranged in regular parallel

transverse rows.

Turso VARIABILIS. Turb. testa ovatd, levi, luteo- aut rubido-brun-

nescente variabilé variegatd ; umbilico tecto.

Var. a. Testd luteo-rubelld, fusco alboque varie nebulosd et teniatd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 219. f. 2.

Alt. 2; diam. 22 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Capul, Philippinarum.

Var. (3. Testa rosaceo-rubrd, lineis tenuibus flecuosis albis, diagona-

liter pictd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. p].:219. f. 1.

Alt. 13; diam. 1{ poll.

Hab. ad insulam Capul, Philippinarum.

The general painting of these shells, which were found by Mr.

Cuming at the above locality in deep water, varies considerably,

some being richly clouded with brown and a warm yellow, whilst

others are crossed with a number of fine white diagonal lines upon a

deep crimson ground. They approach nearest to the Turbo pethola-

tus, differing, however, in a very remarkable degree in the charac-

ter of the painting above noted. The riband-like bands, which form

a never-failing peculiarity in that species, are wanting, and so also

is the green or yellow tinge of colour which runs round the colu-

mellar side of the mouth.

Descriptions, by Dr. L. Pfeiffer, of some new species of Helicide,

collected by Mr. Bridges in the northern parts of Chile, were then

read :—

Buiimus Brivcxesi. Bul. T. subperforatd, oblongo-ovatd, apice

obtusd, tenui, pallideé luteo-fulvescente, confertissime et leviter de-

cussatd ; suturd mediocri, marginatd ; anfractibus 4 convewiusculis,

ultimo spiram superante ; aperturd ovali, intis nitide fulvidd ; peri-

stomate simplice, late reflexo, intis albo, marginibus callo junctis,

columellari perforationem fere occultante.

Long. 114; diam. 54 lin.

From the town of Frierina (Huasco, Chile). Found under stones.

Buuimus pacnycuitus. Bul. T. subperforatd, ovatd, apice obtusd,

crassd, albd, longitudinaliter striatd, lineis confertissimis trans-

versis sub lente decussatd ; anfractibus 44 conveviusculis, ultimo 2

187.

longitudinis subequante ; aperturd integrd, ovali, intis albd ; peri-

stomate late incrassato, pallidé fulvescente, nitido, marginibus callo

crasso junctis.

Long: 194; diam. 11 lin.

From La Questa de Arenas (Huasco, Chile). Found buried in sand.

Buuimus nnopacme. Bul. T. perforata, ovato-oblongd, longitudina-

liter striatd, striis transversis obsoletis minutissim2 decussato-

subgranulatd, albd maculis et flammis pellucidis rubellis ornatd,

apice obtuso roseo; anfractibus 6 convevis, ultimo 4 longitudinis

subequante ; aperturd oblongo-ovali; peristomate simplice, recto

margine columellari reflexo.

Long. 73; diam. 23 lin.

From the town of Frierina (Huasco, Chile). Found under small

Cacti.

Buuimvs TeEREBRALIS. Bul. T. rimato-subperforatd, subulatd, lon-

gitudinaliter rugulosd, albidd, superné fusco-cerulescente ; anfrac-

tibus 104 planis, ultimo + longitudinis vie superante, basi subcart-

nato ; columelld obsolete plicatd ; aperturd ovali intis albd ; peri-

stomaie simplice, margine dextro dilatato, columellari reflexiusculo,

superne carine affixo.

Long. 103; diam. 23 lin.

From Coquimbo (Chile). Found on rocks and plants near the sea.

Succrnea ELEGANS. Suc. T. ovato-oblongd, tenui pellucidd, levius-

culd, rubello-corned, strigis longitudinalibus, opacis, albis, rufo-

marginatis ornatd; anfractibus 5% planiusculis, ultimo spiram

acutam vix superante ; aperturd ovali-oblongd, intis nitidd, conco-

lore ; peristomate simplice, margine columellari vix calloso.

Long. 18; diam. 8% lin.

From the Questa de Arenas (Huasco, Chile). Found on a species

of Juncus.

SUCCINEA REFLEXA. Suc. T. ovato-oblongd, tenui pellucidd, ni-

tidd, minutissime granulosd, corneo-sulphured, strigis irregularibus

interdum ramosis, rufis ornatd ; anfractibus 5 planiusculis, ultimo

spiram vie superante; aperturd ovali-oblongd, intis albidd, obso-

let2 strigaid; peristomate simplice, acuto, margine columellari

tenuissimo, albo reflexo.

Long. 193; diam. 84 lin.

From Pichidanque, near Coquimbo. Found on the leaves of Pour-

retia coarctata.

SuccrnEA VARIEGATA. Suc. 7’, ovato-acutd, solidiusculd, longitudi-

naliter rugosd, regulariter granulatd, luted, maculis longitudinali-

bus et punctis nigricanti-rufis seriatim pictd ; apice acuto ; anfrac-

tibus 54 planiusculis, ultimo + longitudinis subequante ; aperturd

oblongo-ovali, intis nitide albd, strigis pellucentibus ; peristomate

simplice, acuto, margine columellari subcalloso.

Long. 24; diam. 114 lin.

Valleys in the north of Coquimbo. Found in crevices of rocks.

188

« These three species, described under the name of Succinea, belong

to that group of Helicee of which the well-known Hel. gallinasultana,

Chemn., is the type. The shell having no columella is perfectly

analogous to that of the genuine Succinee, and we are informed by

Mr. D’Orbigny’s observations, that the animal of H. gallinasultana is

also very similar to Succinea in its form and habits. Accordingly

this species must be related to Succinea, and I believe that the spe-

cies above described should not be separated from it, although we

do possess but imperfect notions of their habits. Of one species it

is noticed that it was found on a species of Juncus, probably in the

vicinity of water.

‘« By the same reason (the analogy of shells) I have enumerated

the Bulimus Broderipii and Coquimbensis among the Succinee (in my

‘Symbol ad Historiam Heliceorum’).”

The exhibition was resumed of hitherto undescribed shells con-

tained in the collection formed by Mr. Cuming in the Philippine

Islands, and the following descriptions of them, by Dr. J. H. Jonas,

were communicated to the Meeting.

Hewrx Zeus. Hel. testd perforatd, orbiculatd, subdepresso-convexd,

rugis obliquis striisque spiralibus elevatis sculptd ; anfractibus 44

conveais ; ultimo medio angulato, supra carinam depresso, infraque

inflato ; colore brunneo, lineis flavis ziczacformibus obliquis superne

pictd, inferne rubra, fascid latd fuscd infra carinam ornatd ; aper-

turd subtrapeziformi, fauce albd, peritremate acuto, recto, supra

umbilicum reflexo.

Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum.

Altitudo, 1 poll ; latit. 23 poll.

This species bears a great resemblance to Hel. Otahaitana. ‘The

rugulosities on the upper part are more elevated, as on the under

side, where the regular concentric lines are more distinctly visible.

Buxiimus catopartus. Bul. testd umbilicatd, ovato-pyramidali,

tenui, subdiaphand, nitidd, rubra vel pallidd, fasciis flavis undu-

losis longitudinaliter pictd, striis incrementi subtilissimis spirali-

busque oculo nudo vix conspicuis decussatd ; anfractibus 54 convezis,

suturis appressis, ultimo dimidiam teste partem fere equante ;

apertura ovali, intis albd, marginibus reflexis, albis, sinistro umbi-

licum partim occultante.

Longit. 14 poll. ; latitudo, 2 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum.

In form this beautiful shell resembles Bul. Myersii, Miiller.

Var. a. Ground-colour brownish red and shining ; the longitudinal

zigzageed stripes are of a golden yellow colour, and on the last vo-

lution they are interrupted by a brown transverse line.

Var. 6. Ground-colour pale yellow; the longitudinal stripes as in

Var. a. No transverse line on the last volution.

BuLimus BALANOIDES. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovatd, albd, epider-

mide flavd, vittis spadiceo-rufis cinctd ; anfractibus senis convexius-

189

culis, ultimo ceteros viv equante, basi viridi ; aperturd ovatd, intis

albd, peritremate incrassato, reflexo, albo, fusco-marginato ; colu-

melld recid.

Longit. 14 poll.; latit. Z poll.

Hab, ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum.

This shell bears great resemblance to the Bul. ovatus. The body-

whorl has three brownish bands, and the others have two, one in the

middle and the second on the suture; this last band is interrupted

by the epidermis, so that it seems as if this band was sprinkled with

red and yellow spots. The base of the last whorl is of a green colour

where the columella is reflected.

Buiimus apLomorpnus. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovato-conoided,

tenuissime striatd, nitidd albd, epidermide luted ; anfractibus senis

convexis, ultimo spird paululiim breviore, fasciis tribus rufo-fuscis

circumdato ; und angustd ad suturam, alterd latiore in medio, tertid

circa columellam ; aperturd ovatd, albd, peritremate reflexo albo,

columella rectd.

Longit. 13 poll. ; latit. 7 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum.

This shell is like Bul. guimaracensis, but more slender, and the

proportions of the volutions differ.

Buuimus simpxiex. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovato-conoided, tenui,

diaphand, candidd, epidermide tenuissimd, viridi, superne evane-

scente ; anfractibus quinis convewis, subtiliter striatis, lineisque

spiralibus oculo armato solummodd conspicuis circumdatis, suturis

haud marginatis ; ultimo anfractu dimidiam teste partem fer

equante, obtuse angulato ; aperturd ovatd, peritremate acuto, sub-

reflexo, intis limbato ; columella filiformi rectd.

Longit. 1 poll. ; latit. 2 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum.

Though this Bulimus on the first sight bears great resemblance to

the Bul. bullula, it is still very distinct.

Mr. Fraser then characterized two new species of Birds from West-

ern Africa. :—

Srrix Pornsis. Strix rostro cerulescenti-corneo ; facie albd, disco

plumarum confertissimarum, texturd holosericd, circumdatd,—illis

anticé positis albis, posticis flavis, ad basem pallentibus,—illis au-

tem genarum apicibus nigris ; corpore superne, e cervino flavo, albo

et purpureo crebre adsperso, plumarum omnium scapis bis terve

albo guttatis cum spatio nigro inter singulas guttas ; colli lateribus

flavis, et, ut apud dorsum, guttatis ; primariis et secondariis fere

obsolete Sasciatis, et sordide purpureo alboque, sparse guttatis ;

caudd vie furcatd, rubescenti-flavd, fusco-fasciatd, et sparse albo

guttatd ; corpore subtis femoribusque flavescenti-albis guttis trian-

gularibus nigrescentibus, sparse notatis tarsis lanugine brevi, albd,

FSere ad digitos sparse tectis,—his nigris, we albis obsitis.

Hab. Fernando Po.

190

The specimen from which the above description was taken was

procured at Clarence, Fernando Po, and was the only one that had

been seen by the oldest colonist at that place.

Pirra Punin. Pitta notd nigrd a mandibule superioris basi, super

verticem usque ad collum eductd, et utrinque notd latd cervind

marginatd ; plumis auricularibus et colli lateribus nigris ; dorso,

tectricibusque alarum majoribus metallic viridibus ; tectricibus

alarum minoribus, tectricibusque caude singulis, ad apices pallide

ceruleis, instar cyani ; primariis, secondariis, rectricibusque caude

nigris ; primariis tertid, quartd, quintd et sextd per medium albo

fasciatis ; guld fere albd corpore subtis fuscescente-aurantiaco,

rubido apud abdomen imum leviter tincto; rosiro, tarsis, digitis,

unguibusque apparenter rubris.

Hab. apud pagum, Port Lokkoh dictum, Sierra Leone.

Mr. Fraser observed that considerable interest was attached to this

bird, for which he was indebted to Robert Clarke, Esq., Senior As-

sistant Colonial Surgeon at Sierra Leone—not only on account of its

being a new species of a somewhat restricted group, but on account

of its habitat, all the hitherto recorded species of Pitta being from

continental India, the Indian islands, and Australia.

Mr. Thomson, who originally procured the bird, observes in a note,

that the Pulih, or Mocking Bird, is only found in the Timneh country ;

that its note is exceedingly sweet, and when a Timneh would pay an

orator or poet the greatest compliment, they say, ‘‘ He is a perfect

Pulih.”’

It is most closely allied to Pitta brachyura, Auct. ; but differs from

that bird in having the bill and feet red, a band over the eye, which

is tawny, instead of olive brown; in the uniform colouring of the

primaries, secondaries and tail feathers, the two former not being

tipped with white, nor the latter with green; and finally, in the ab-

sence of the red vent.

The following ‘‘ Additional Measurements of the Blood-Corpuscles

or Red Particles of Mammalia and Birds,” by George Gulliver, Esq.,

F.R.S., were read :—

«Many observations are yet required to complete our knowledge

of the comparative anatomy of the blood-corpuscles. The present

contribution contains an account of some observations which I have

made since the publication, in the English version of Gerber’s Ana-

tomy, of my Tables of Measurements of the Blood-corpuscles of

Mammalia and Birds.

«In the present, as in the former tables, the measurements are all

expressed in vulgar fractions of an English inch, and as the nume-

-rator is invariably 1, it is omitted throughout, the denominators only

being printed. In each instance the measurements of the common-

sized discs are first set down; a space is then left; the small and

large-sized discs are next noted ; and lastly the average, deduced from

the preceding numbers, is placed beneath the line. The long dia-

meter of the oval blood-discs is denoted by L.D. and the short

diameter by $.D. Except when noted to the contrary, the blood

191

was obtained from living and adult animals. ‘The measurements of

the nuclei were taken after their exposure, by the aid of dilute acetic

acid on the corpuscles, which it is necessary to state, since I have

elsewhere* shown that the form and dimensions of the’ nucleus are

materially affected by different treatment.

MAMMALIA.

Ferz. Blood from the heart and from

Indian Badger (Arctonyz collaris, the navel-string immediately after

F. Cuv.). death. The average size of the

4000 corpuscles is about twice that of

3555 the corpuscles of the mother. The

3200 corpuscles of the foetus contained

distinct nuclei, much resembling

sa lymph globules. The size only of

2666 the nucleated corpuscles is above

609 given ; there were several much

smaller which presented no nuclei.

Blood from the vena cava after | See fig. cxlviii. B, in Dr. Willis’s

death. Translation of Wagner’s Physio-

Malay Sun Bear (Helarctos Ma- | logy, page 240.

layanus, Horsf.). Stoat (Mustela Erminea, Linn.)

3555 4000

3368 6000

5000 3200

2900 pd

——o 4155

3562 Blood from the heart soon after

Blood from a prick of the lip. | death.

Red Puma (Felis unicolor ? Traill). RUMINANTIA. :

‘ Camel (Camelus Bactrianus).

4572

L.D. S.D.

5333 3555 6000

3800 3000

vi son

Blood from a prick of the skin

Foetal Kitten, half an inch long Thickness of the discs.

(Felis domestica, Briss.). 15210

2666 Pale globules.

2000 3200

3000 4000

1714 3000

2233 3348

* See Contributions to Minute Anatomy, Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag.

for August 1842; and Remarks on the Shape of the Blood-Corpuscles of

Oviparous Vertebrata, Proceedings of the Zool. Soc. August 9, 1842.

192

Blood from a prick of the upper |

lip.

The measurements of the cor-

puscles of the other Camelide are

given in the Appendix to Gerber’s

Anatomy.

Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus, Linn.).

4360

4615

6000

3200

4324

Fetus of Fallow Deer (Cervus

Dama, Linn.).

4000

3426

3200

6000

2400

3478

Blood from the heart, Jan. 2,

1842, a few hours after death.

The foetus measured 43 inches

from the forehead to the buttocks.

The corpuscles exhibited no di-

stinct nuclei when treated with

water or vegetable acids. The

average size of the corpuscles from

the uterine veins of the mother

was 543th of an inch. In an-

other foetus examined Jan. 12, and

measuring six inches, the corpus-

cles did not differ appreciably

from those of the first foetus.

Ibex (Capra Caucasica).

Corpuscles slightly smaller than

those of the Goat. The measure-

ments are detailed in the Proceed-

ings of the Zool. Soc., August 9,

1842.

Indian Buffalo (Bos frontalis, Lam-

bert).

4570 ©

6000

3200

4299

Blood from a vein of the ear.

RopEnNTIA.

Jerboa (Dipus Aigyptius, Hemp.

and Ehren.).

4570

5333

3200 -

4172

Blood from a vein of the ear.

Common Porcupine (Hystriz cris-

tata, Linn.).

3200

3555

4572

2666

3369

Blood from a prick of the skin

of the nose.

Common Hare (Lepus timidus,

Linn.).

4000

$368

3200

5000

2900

8560

Blood from the heart two hours

after death.

MaArsuPIATA.

Mauge’s Dasyure (Dasyurus

Maugei, Geoff.).

4365

4000

5000

3200

4034

Blood from a vein of the ear.

The corpuscles scarcely differ in

193

size from those of the Viverrine

Dasyure, and agree in form with

the corpuscles of the other mar-

supial animals, originally de-

scribed by me in the Dublin

Medical Press, Nov. 27, 1840;

Annals of Natural History, Dec. 1,

1840; Lond. and Edinb. Phil.

Mag. of the same date.

AVES.

RaPpaces.

Angola Vulture ( Vultur Angolen-

sis, Lath.).

L.D. 8.D.

1777 3200

1600 3000

21338 3800

1391 2666

1684 3166

OmNnIvoREs.

Common Jay (Garrulus glanda-

rius, Flem.).

Eb), S.D.

2266 4000

2000 3555

2400 5333

1714 3200

‘2064 3878

Nuclei.

4000 10666

Blood from the heart quickly

after death.

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

L.D. S.D

1895 3200

Walaa

2286 3555

1714 2900

1894 3196

Nuclei.

5333 10666

4000 8000

4572 9140

Blood from the heart a few

hours after death.

Magpie (Corvus Pica, Linn.).

L.D. S.D.

2000 3555

1895 3200

2286 4000

1714 2900

1953 3365

Thickness of the discs.

11600

Nuclei,

4570 10666

4000

5333 14000

3500 9600

4245 11138

Blood from the heart an hour

after death.

Red Winged Starling (Sturnus

predatorius, Wilson).

L.D. S.D.

2133 4572

2666 5333

1777 3200

2133 4175

Blood from the heart seven

hours after death.

INSECTIVORA.

Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba,

Linn.).

L.D.

2286

2666

1777

2182

194

Nuclei.

4000 10666

Blood from the heart soon after

death.

Sedge Warbler (Sylvia Phrag-

mites, Bechs.).

L.D. S.D.

2600 3555

1895

2666 4570

1684 2900

2003 3550

Blood from the heart nine hours

after death. The corpuscles are

notably larger than those of most

of its congeners.

GRANIVORZ.

Indigo Bird (Fringilla cyanea, Wil-

son).

L.D. 8.D.

2286 3555

2000

2900 5333

1714 3000

2144 3741

Blood from a vein of the pinion.

Greenfinch (Fringilla Chloris,

Temm.).

L.D. fl 9}:

2286 3555

2460 4570

2000 3000

2232 3600

Nuclei.

4000 10666

_ Blood from the heart a few

minutes after death.

Blue Titmouse (Parus ceruleus,

Linn.).

D. 8.D.

2400 4570

2286 4000

2666 5333

2000 3200

2313 4128

Nuclei.

5333 12000

4000 9600

4571 10666

Blood from the heart quickly

after death.

Longtailed Titmouse (Parus cau-

datus, Linn.).

8.D.

4570

Nuclei.

4800 10666

Blood from the heart twenty-

one hours after death. There

were several circular discs, about

sooth of an inch in diameter.

Many of these had an oval nu-

cleus, and the circular shape of the

discs was perhaps a post-mortem

change.

Skylark (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

L.D. S.D.

2286 4570

2000 4000

2400 5333

1895 3200

2125 4128

Nuclei.

4000 12000

Blood from the heart twelve

hours after death.

Pine Grosbeak (Lozia enucleator,

Linn.).

195

2900

5333

1777 3200

2247 4083

Blood from a vein of the pinion.

Hawfinch (Lovia coccothraustes,

Temm.).

L.D. 8.D.

2000 4000

2460 4800

1777 3000

2042 3790

Thickness of the discs.

ay 9147

Nuclei.

4570 10666

Blood from a vein of the pinion.

ZYGODACTYLI.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

L.D. S.D.

2000 3555

2400 4570

ibe 3000

2028 3600

Blood from the heart twenty-

six hours after death. There were

many circular discs, perhaps from

the blood being rather stale.

These were about z,55th of an

inch in diameter.

CHELIDONES.

Common Swift (Cypselus Apus,

Flem.).

Nuclei.

4000 10666

Blood from the heart a few

minutes after death.

CoLuMBz.

Partridge Pigeon (Columba mon-

tana, Lath.).

L.D. $.D.

2286 3555

2666 4572

1895 3200

2239 3692

Nuclei.

5333 12000

Pale globules.

3200

Blood from a vein of the pinion.

GALLINZ.

Lineated Pheasant (Phastanus li-

neatus, Jard.).

L.D. S.D:

1777 3200

2000

2133 4000

1600 3000

1855 3348

Nuclei.

4570 9166

Blood from a vein of the pinion.

Mountain Partridge (Tetrao Cau-

casica, Pall.).

L.D. S.D.

1895 3555

ihr (zh 3200

2666 4570

1600 -2900

1923 3456

Nuclei.

4570 9166

Blood from a vein of the pinion.

CuRsoREs.

Ostrich (Struthio Camelus, Linn.).

Corpuscles slightly larger than

those of the Rhea. ‘The measure-

ments are detailed in the Proc.

| Zool. Society, October 11, 1842.

196

GRALLATORES. 2400 4000

Common Snipe (Scolopax Galli- 1714 2900

nago, Linn.). —— ==

LD. S.D. 1937 3424

2986 4000 Blood from the jugular vein

2133 3200 about ten hours after death.

2666 +800 Common Gull (Larus canus,

1777 3000 Linn.).

2170 3622 L.D. S.D.

i 2000 3555

Blood from the heart twenty-| - gos

four hours after death.

2400 5333

PALMIPEDES. 1714 3200

Mandarin Duck (Anas galerieu- —. —_—

lata, Gmel.). 1973 3839

L.D. S.D. Nuclei.

2000 3555 3555 10666

1777 Blood from a vein of the pinion.

A very valuable collection of specimens from South Africa, pre-

sented by the President of the Society, the Earl of Derby, was laid

It consisted of seventy-one Bird-skins and

nineteen Quadrupeds, among which were skins of an adult Hippopo-

tamus and two-horned Rhinoceros, together with the following rare

Antelopes :—Catoblepas Gorgon, male and female; Catoblepas Gnu ;

Antilope ellipsiprymnus, Ogilby ; Ant. melampus ; Ant. lunata; Ant.

Caama, adult and young; Ant. equina, male and female; Ant. orea-

before the Meeting.

tragus ; and Ant. pediotragus.

197

December 27, 1842.

Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Various specimens preserved in spirit, presented by H. Pointer,

Esq., were exhibited.

Numerous specimens, preserved in spirit, presented by E. D. Dick-

son, Esq. and H. J. Ross, Esq., were also exhibited. They were

collected by these gentlemen, Corresponding Members of the Society,

at Trebezond, Erzeroom, and Samsoon.

Descriptions by Mr. Lovell Reeve of new species of. shells figured

in the ‘Conchologia Systematica,’ were read.

Genus DentaLium.

DenTALIUM LonciITRoRSUM. Dent. testd carneold, tenui, glaberrimd,

subpellucidd, longissimd, arcuatd, margine acuto.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 130. f. 6.

Long. 43; diam. ;%; poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

This beautiful pink horny-looking shell far exceeds any hitherto

described species in length. -

VERMETUS.

VERMETUS EBURNEUS. Verm. testd eburned, subobesd, laxé volutd,

longitudinaliter costatd, costis distantibus, subobsoletis.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 152. f. 2.

Long. 3,1,; diam. 5% poll.

Hab. Mus. Cuming.

PARTULA.

ParTuLa inruata. Part. testd obeso-conicd, transversim tenuissime

striatd, albidd, epidermide luteo-fuscd indutd ; anfractu ultimo an-

gulato-inflato, umbilicato ; aperturd subquadratd, labro planissime

expanso.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 175. f. 11 & 12.

Long. §; diam. 3 poll.

Hab. ?

Chiefly remarkable on account of the ventricose inflation of the last

whorl.

TRUNCATELLA.

TRUNCATELLA SCALARIFORMIS. Trunc. testd elongato-cylindraced,

luteold, anfractibus rotundatis, costellis minutis ubique cingulatis ;

aperturd rotundd, labro simplici, acuto.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii, pl. 182. f. 6.

195

Long. +; diam. 5; poll.

Hab. ad insulam Annaa, in Oceano Pacifico.

A number of these little shells were found by Mr. Cuming at the

roots of palms on the sea-shore.

PYRAMIDELLA.

PYRAMIDELLA CINCTA. Pyram. testd conico-acuminatd, albd, an-

Fractibus levibus, zond olivaceo-fuscd, conspicud, in medio cinctis ;

aperturd oblongo-ovatd, labro simplici, acuto.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 207. f. 2 & 4.

Long. ?; diam. 5% poll.

Hab. Mus. Cuming.

A white, sharply acuminated shell, surrounded with a single, clear,

broad, olive-brown belt.

PyraMIDELLA GLans. Pyram. testd cylindraceo-conicd, bicoloratd ;

anfractibus longitudinaliter striatis, inferné albis, supern? olivaceo-

viridibus ; aperturd rotundato-ovali.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 207. f. 1.

Long. ;°;; diam. 3 poll.

Hab. ?

This is a small dumpy-looking shell, of which the whorls are just

one half white and the other half dark olive-green.

TURBINELLUS.

TURBINELLUS IMPERIALIS. Turb. ovato-turbinatd, subtrigond, epi-

dermide crassd, fibrosd, indutd ; transversim liratd, liris angustis,

subdistantibus, lird minutd interveniente ; anfractibus supern® an-

gulatis, tuberculis flecuosis squameformibus coronatis ; anfractu

ultimo prope basin aliis subsimplicioribus cingulato ; columella

rubido-fuscd, politd, irregulariter plicatd ; labro undulato, leviter

expanso.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 229. f. 4.

Long. 33; diam. 21 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Cuming.

The noble diadem of flexuous scale-like tubercles with which this

shell is crowned, renders it eminently distinct from its congener

the T. cornigerus, in which they are of a solid stunted growth. The

enamelling of the columella is also remarkable, being always of a

very peculiar chocolate-brown colour.

TURBINELLUS VEXILLULUM. Turb. testd trigono-turbinatd, albd,

lineis ceruleis, et interdum roseis, vivide cingulatd, anfractibus

subtrigonis, in medio valdé tuberculatis ; columellé triplicatd, pli-

cis parvis ; canali brevissimo nigerrimo-tincto.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 229. f. 1.

Long. 13; diam. 1 poll.

Hab. ——? "

This beautiful shell, which approximates to the T. aplusire, is

vividly lined across with very deep blue, and between every two blue

lines is a pink one, presenting an almost artificial contrast of colour.

199

PLEUROTOMA.

PieuroToma speciosa. Pleur. testd acute turritd, transversim

subtilissimé funiculatd ; ceruleo-albd, funiculis pallide ochraceis ;

anfractibus in medio eximié gemmatis, inferné convexis, supern®

leviter concavis ; canali gracili, vix elongato.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 233. f.5; Conch. Icon. Pleuroto-

ma, pl. 2. f. 9.

Long. 24 poll.

Hab. ?

This very chaste shell approaches somewhat in form to the Pleu-

rotoma carinata, Gray, Griff. Cuv. An. King. (Pl. Kieneri, Doumet) ;

it is of a pale bluish ground, delicately corded and beaded with

bright ochraceous yellow. I only know of two specimens, one in

the collection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, the other in that of the

British Museum, purchased at the recent sale of Mr. Inwood'’s shells.

Prevrotoma Brcsiu. Pleur. testd oblongd, cylindraceo-attenuatd,

apice acuto ; sexangulatd, anfractibus ad angulos longitudinaliter

tuberculatis ; olivaceo-fuscd, tuberculis tantum albis ; columelld et

aperture fauce fuscd ; canali brevissimo.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 234. f. 11; Conch. Icon. Pleuro-

toma, pl. 2. f. 10.

Long. 7 poll.

Hab. ad insulam Lucon, Philippinarum.

I dedicate this shell with much pleasure to my friend Dr. Beck, cu-

rator of that noble patron of conchological science, the King of Den-

mark. It was found by Mr. Cuming in the locality above cited

under stones at low water. The snowy-white tubercles which orna-

ment this brown six-angled shell at the several angles are very cha-

racteristic.

CoLuMBELLA.

CotumBeLta Puiniprinarum. Col. testd conico-turbinatd, acumi-

natd, albd, fusco profuse et minutissimé undulatd ; anfractibus su-

perne subangulatis, ultimo basin versus striato, striis profundis ;

aperturd oblongd, angustd ; labro subincrassato, fauce striatd.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 257. f. 9.

Long. 12; diam. 5% poll.

Hab. ?

Mr. Cuming has selected two varieties of this shell, but they are

not of sufficient importance to require especial notice.

Buccinum.

Buccinum evLEGans. Bucc. testd ovato-conicd, acuminatd, ubique

subtilissimé nodulosd et liratd, interdum longitudinaliter leviter

costatd ; luteo-albd, columelld, labro, et canali vivid? aurantiis ;

aperturd subquadrato-ovali, fauce valde? striatd ; columella paulu-

lim excavatd, labro serrato. =

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 268. f. 3.

Long. 14; diam. 3 poll.

Hab. California.

This very beautiful and distinct species may be easily recognised

200

by its bright orange mouth. The entire surface of the shell is very

finely nodulated.

Buccinum pyrostoma. Bucc. testd ovato-conicd, lacted, ubique can-

cellatd, anfractibus convezis, ultimo paululiim umbilicato ; aperturd

ovatd, fauce striatd, vivide rubra. z

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. it. pl. 268. f. 1.

Long. 2; diam. 3 poll.

Hab. ?

A small species belonging to the genus Phos of De Montford, re-

markable from having a deep cornelian red mouth, whilst every other

part of the shell is milk- white.

Exsurna.

Exsurna Japonica. Hburn, testd ovato-conicd, apice vix acuto, levi ;

anfractibus convexis, maculis fulvis, grandibus, regularibus, bise-

riaiim cinctis, interstitiis maculis parvis regularibus, diagonaliter

dispositis, ornatis ; umbilico parvo, profundo.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 271. f. 1.

Long. 23; diam. 1 poll.

Hab. ad oras Japonie ; Siebald.

This shell is distinguished by the great regularity of the spots;

the upper and middle portions of the whorls are encircled with a

band of large rhomboidal spots, whilst the spaces below and between

them are filled with small triangular-like spots, arranged across in

regular diagonal rows.

TEREBRA.

TrREBRA PRETIOSA. Ter. testd longissimo-subulatd, luteold, Susco

partim tessellata ; anfractibus tricenis, superné levibus, uniseriatim

serratis, infra arcuato-striatis, striis numerosis, profundis ; canali

subfleruoso.

Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 274. f. 2.

Long. 5,9; diam. $ poll.

Hab. ?

This extraordinary shell, consisting of thirty whorls, exceeds five

inches and a half in length, whilst it barely exceeds half an inch

in breadth at the broadest part. It is F believe unique, in the col-

lection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth.

Mr. Fraser exhibited a specimen of the Galago Senegalensis, pro-

cured at Cape Coast, Western Africa, and a new species of Shrew

from Fernando Po, which he characterized as follows :—

Sorex (Crocrpura) Pornsis. Sor. obscure fuscus, corpore subtis

cinereo, pedibus nigrescentibus ; auribus parwulis, distinctis ; caudd

corpore breviori pilis obscuris adpressis, et setis longioribus ad-

spersis.

une. lin,

Lgngitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 3 3

CRUDE 62.3 RAR OR 1 10

tarsi digitorumque........... sencnrOs16

ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 0 10

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

201

This species somewhat resembles the Sorex varius of Smuts, but

is of a deeper hue. The upper parts of the body are of a deep brown

colour, rather indistinctly variegated with greyish ; the body beneath

is grey, but slightly washed, as it were, with dirty yellow. ‘The ears

are distinct, that is, not hidden by the fur, as in S. tetragonurus and

its allies, and the tail has long bristly hairs interspersed with the

short adpressed fur, as in the subgenus Crocidura, Wagler.

The specimen was taken in a trap baited with flesh, on the elevated

land of Point William.

Mr. Fraser observed that the specimen exhibited of Galago Sene-

galensis was shot at Cape Coast, Western Africa, in a tamarind tree,

near the top of which he found its nest: this was composed of loose

leaves arranged in the fork of a branch. ‘The eyes were large and

prominent, and the movements of the animal were slow, and conse-

quently very unlike the true Lemurs.

Specimens of the Galago Alleni and G. Maholi were placed on the

table for comparison.

A paper was then read, from M. Petit de la Saussaye, containing

descriptions of new species of Shells, belonging to the genus Auri-

cula, collected by H. Cuming, Esq.

AURICULA TORNATELLIFORMIS. Aur. testé oblongo-acutd, sub epi-

dermide flavescente albidd, transversim tenuissime striatd, et rugis

longitudinalibus levissimis obsolete granulosd ; spird conico-acutd,

lucidd ; anfractibus octonis subconvevis, ultimo magno supra me-

dium ventricoso ; columeild inferne biplicatd ; labro superné arcua-

tim emarginato.

Long. 24 millim.; larg. 103 millim.

Hab. Tanhay, isle of Negros, Philippines. Found at the roots of

mangrove-trees.

AvricuLa Dotiotum. Aur. testd ovatd, transversim tenue et regu-

lariter sulcatd, striis longitudinalibus et irregularibus subpunctatd,

sordidé rufo-fuscd, ultimo anfractu pallidiore albido-cinerascente,

anguste plis minisve fasciatd ; anfractibus 6-7 ; aperturd ovatd

intis fusco-purpurascente ; columelld biplicatd, superné obsoletis-

sim? dentatd ; umbilico rumali ; labro albo, intis incrassato, tri-

dentato, dente mediano niajori, inferiori obsoleio.

Long. 10 millim. ; larg. 5§ millim.

Hab. Sinait, province of North Ilocos, island of Luzon. Found

on decayed wood, salt water.

Auricuta Recuusrana. Aur. testd ovato-oblongd, griseo virescente,

spird conicd, apice obtusd, erosd ; anfractibus senis, planiusculis,

unoquogue in superiorem imbricante, sub suturd depressiusculo ;

umbilico nullo ; aperturd subovatd intits fusco-purpurascente ; colu-

melld triplicatd, plicd superiori, latiori, lamelliformi, media medi-

ocri, inferiori minori ; labro levigato, intis zond albd, subcalloso.

Long. 16 millim.; larg. 8 millim. vix.

Hab. Island of Tumaco, West Colombia.

202

AURICULA PIRIFORMIS. Aur. testd subpiriformi, levigatd, fusca,

sub epidermide viridi-cinerascente ; anfractibus 7-8 ; spird brevi-

conicd, rotundatd, apice acuto, nigro; aperturd oblongd, intis

Susco-violaceo ; columella 5-plicatd, plicis superioribus obsoletis,

mediand robustiori, lamelliformi, inferiori robustd, subascendente,

postice circulari ; labro acuto, pallidé emarginato, intis 2-6 tenui-

ter striato.

Long. 20 millim. ; larg. 9 millim.

Hab. Tumaco island, West Colombia.

The number of striz or folds on this shell varies, but most fre-

quently there are five.

Auricuta Crytonica. Aur. testd ovatd, superne obtuse angulatd,

glabrd fusco-viridescente, fasciis albis vel cinereis angustis cinctd,

anfractibus 8-9, planulatis ; spird conico-depressiusculd, apice ni-

grescente ; columella triplicatd, plicd superiori albd, crassiusculd,

lamelliformi, subtis parvuld, inferiori circulari ; labro acuto, longe

et profunde intis sulcato, ad marginem fusco, levi.

Long. 15 millim.; larg. 10 millim.

Mr. Cuming possesses specimens which are of large size.

Hab. Ceylon.

Very fine striz are sometimes perceptible upon half of the last

whorl of this shell; the base of the columella is of a livid fawn-colour.

AURICULA PULCHELLA. Aur. testd parvuld, ovato-acutd, nitidd,

pellucidd albicante, transversim fusco-zonatd, lineis longitudinali-

bus rectis seu undulatis, equidistantibus, zonas transversas secan-

tibus, eleganter pictd ; anfractibus 6-7 ; spird conico-acutd, fuscd,

apice mammillari ; columelld triplicatd, plicis superioribus parvulis,

approximatis, inferiori majori, subhorizontali ; labro acuto, intis

tenuiter striato.

Long. 6 millim. ; larg. 3 millim.

Hab. St. Nicolas, isle of Zebu (Philippines).

INDEX.

The names of New Species and of Species newly characterized are printed in Roman

Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel informa-

tion is given, in J¢alics: those of Species respecting which Anatomical Observations

are made, in CAPITALS.

Page

Acanthiza pyrrhopygia, Vig. & Horsf. 135

Accipiter Nisus ssscocscecerseersressees 92

Achatina erecta .....-0e-..eseeeeee Pree:

Kransii, Reeve......sessecscceeeees 55

lactea, Reeve .....-.ccccsssesceeee 55

Picta, Reeve © ...0.-...seeeseeerees 56

TANCTA, PCEVE! voces. ccvesecceessess 55

Acridotheres cristatellus (Gm.) ... 167

dauricus (Pall.) ...00-.+0..0..-0+8 167

RMIT I(ELOTSI:) con hceeressss.cc->- 167

Malabaricus (Gm.) ....0.-50..- 167

sericeus (GM.) .eece..sseeeeeeeee 167

tristis (LinN.) «sss... seeeceeeee 168

Aix galericulata (Linn.) ............ 166

ALAUDA ARVENSIS, Linn. ......... 194

Alcedo Bengalensis .. sc Becaonseey CE

rudis, 7 EL Ee ~ SASSER 92

ALLIGATOR Siete comarsees cise sata ties

Amadina bicolor, Fraser ....+.....+5 145

Malacca (Linn) ..-...seeeceeseeee 167

oryzivora (Linn.) .....+...66 eeee 167

Poensis, Fraser ......sscc0.s: .. 145

punctularia (Linn.) ......seees 167

Anas clypeata, Linn. ......... peAdauce nea i!

GALERICULATA, Auct. ...... 71, 196

pecilorhyncha, Gate 93

ANGUILLA VULGARIS, Linn.......... 72

ANGUIS FRAGILIS, Linn. ......... 71, 109

Anodon gibbum, Cantor ............ 124

Anomalurus, n. g., Waterh. ......... 124

Anomalurus Fraseri, Waterh......... . 124

Anser albifrons (Gin.) ..seeeseeeeeeee 167

Indicus, Steph. ...sscecrecessseee 93

AnTHROPOIDES ViRGO, Vieill. ...... 71

Anthus Chendoola, Frankl............. 92

AntrLorr BuBALts, Pall. ......... 64, 70

Ogilbiit, Waterh. ....c.rseeereree -» 129

picTA, Pall. ..... SROSSBRO ANE 97

Page

Aprosmictus, n. g., Gould ...... sniesie 111

Aprosmictus erythropterus ......+4. 112

SCAPULALUS seseececeesecens cree 112

APTERYX AUSTRALIS, Shaw ......... 22

Aquila chrysaétos, Vig. ....sssee.seeee 93

Vindhiana, Frankl....... sscsvtsenss OS

Arborophila sphenura (Gray) ...... 166

Arca galactodes, Cantor............... 124

ARCTONYX COLLARIS, F. Cuy. ...97, 191

ARDEA CINEREA, Lath. ............ 71

Argus giganteus (Temm.) ..........5. 168

Artamus leucopygialis, Gould ...... 17

ARVICOLA AMPHIBIA, Desm. ......64, 70

Asio brachyotus (Linn.) ............ 168

Astur cruentus, Gould ..........00... 113

Hyder, Sykes ....0s.sse0s. secesese 92

AvucHENIA Paco, Desm. ...... setvesy ey O4

Auricula bifasciata, Martini .......... 61

Ceylonica, Petit ........0.+2..s00e 202

Doliolum, Petit ...........s000.8.

piriformis, Pefit...

pulchella, Petit ...

Reclusiana, Petit

tornatelliformis, Peti¢....... ET!

Bassaris astuta, Licht. ............ -- 10

Belidea ariel, Gould ....ssccceescceee I]

Bos FRONTALIS, Lambert . Beaivesnonae : 192

Boselaphus Oreas (Pall.) .......0000 147

Botaurus stellaris, Ste. ...+06......93, 94

Buccinum pyrostoma, Reeve ......... 200

elegans, Reeve ssresesereeeseess. 199

Bucco caniceps, Frankl. ............. oa fy 92

Philippinensis, Auct. ............ 92

Bulimus aplomorphus, Jonas ...... 189

Balanoides, Jonas .....sces.eeeee 188

breviculus, Pfeiffer......s...000 88

Bridgesii, Pfeiffer .......... seen 186

Broderipii, Pfeiffer .......... serve 186

204 INDEX

Page Page

Bulimus calobaptus, Jonas ......... 188 | Chizzrhis personata, Riip............. 8

Coquimbensis, Pfeiffer ......... 188 | Chourtka alpina, Victor ......-..+0.000 105

Cumingii, Pfeiffer .......05... 88 | Cicinnurus regius (Linn.) .........++ 166

Cuyoensis, Pfeiffer.......0+.- +00. 152 Ciconia alba, Ray ....60..-seeceeecsees 94

effusus, Pfeiffer ...seeceseeevene « 152 MATT, RAY acces somes ovonesee Arsen

juglans, Pfeiffer ........-eeeeeeee 89 | Cincloramphus cantatoris, Gould ... 135

lignarius, Pfeiffer ....s.sessereee 88 Circaétus brachydactylus, Vieill. ... 92

macrostoma, Pfeiffer .........06. 152 Circus cineraceus, AUCt......seeceecree 93

Nympha, Pfeiffer .....-.e..0000. 89 cyaneus, Auct.......+6 Neveebwass oo 93

pachychilus, Pfeiffer ......... .. 186 pallidus, SyKeS ...secseceeeves teu Oe

rhodacme, Pfeiffer .....+......6 Teal oii 7UfUS, BYISS..ccccssnesscccce vue -. 92,93

Romblonensis, Pfeiffer ...... --- 152 | Clausilia aculeus.........+ eritecec’ 124

Simplex, JONAS .seceeresesseeeene 189 Pluviatilis ...cssceeee Seeisee peters 124

smaragdinus, Reeve ............ 49 Climacteris melanura, Gould......... 138

solidulus, Brug. «.-.... pee au 60 | -Clithon, Montfort ............ceceeeees 172

solidus, Pfeiffer .....+..:0eecceee 152 | Coccothraustes melanurus (Gm.) ... 167

subcarinatus, Pfeiffer ............ 153 Olivaceus, Fraser ...seceeeceeee 144

terebralis, Pfeiffer ........0...00. 187 | Collocalia Ariel, Gould ........ -. 132

tornatilis, Brug. .......+.s00 «... 61 | Collurio erythronotus, Vig. ......... 92

uber, Pfeiffer ......eeseeee. Gesselod Lahtora, Sykes ...... Ee hoctcece”

variegatus, Brug. «..-.sessereee 59 | CoruBer Berus, Linn.......... i

virens, Pfeiffer .ecercccoes Sawai 153 | CoLtumBa pomgstTicA, Auct.......... 71

Cacatua sanguinea, Gould ............ 138 MONTANA, Lath......0...ee0000e0. 195

Calenas cruenta (Gm.) .ss..0e00006 168 LiviA, Briss. ..........0c..e0es scat)

Calostegia, n. g., Westw. ........ sere LZ MIGRATORIA, AUCt....,...-.0.-++ 111

Calostegia purpuripennis, W’estw.... 117 | Columbella Philippinarum, Reeve.... 199

Calyptorhynchus macrorhynchus, Conus Victor, Brod. .........s0.00. -. O4

Gould ....... apn WASEES ddes caw en meics 138 | Copsychus longirostris (Swains.) ... 168

Calyptreea cinerea, Reeve ........ 50 | Corbicula fuscata, Canéor............- 124

GEMETID A sco. cesgesev este seace ns 100, 101 Corvus Corax, Linn. .....e00gs.2se00. 93

Came us DroMEDARIUS, Linn. 64, 69, 98 culminatus, Sykes ... .. saeco 92

BactTrIanuvs, Linn. ............ 191 FRUGILEGUS, Linn....... 70, 98, 193

(COANE eee tasecses cenausyteeses “petosnos 66 MONEDULA, Linn. ........eeeeese

CANIS ARGENTATUS, Desm, saves 69 Prea ne s-s eecaegee. 70, 93, 193

FAMILIARIS, Lim. ...... 68, 69,97 | Coryphilus Dryas, Gould ............ 165

LAGOoPUS, Linn. ...... Deskeuser eee 69 | Corrus Gosro, Linn...............+6++ 72

Lupus, Linn. .......;.. aaa sew ae 63, 69 Coturnix Cambiensis, Auct. .......00. 92

VULPES, (AlN. isan sesecenewnn: <6: 69 Chinensis (Linn.) .....0.....004 167

Capra Cavcasica, Gould....... 107, 192 communis, Bonn. .........+0. 167, 168

Hircus, var. Linn....... 70,97, 107 | Crassatella Antillarum, Reeve......... 44

Carduelis sinica (Linn.) .......0605. 168 Castanea, Reeve ......6cecceeeeeee 42

Cavia Copaya, Gmel. ............ seer contraria, Lams sveces.s0scecerene 45

Cresus cApucINuS, Geoff. ............ 68 corbuloides, Reeve .......... seeee 40

Centropus Cirkeer, Gray .........006 92 decipennis, Reeve ............... 42

Philippensis, Cuy. ....... aves 92 divaricata, D’Orbigny ......... 45

CrercopirHeEcus rarors, Geoff.... 68 @ondecinag, Liamy ....5....c0ssse set) 40

Campbelli, Waterh. .......4+... 130 gibbosa, Sowerby......+++++++ svsce, 40

GRISEO-VIRIDIS, Desm. ......... 68 | jubar, Reeve......... caeecasuenne wat 44

SABZUS, Desm. .........000+ss008 68 Kingicola, Lamarck........... reas ke

CERVIDZ.....+.0.. PP - 100, 101 lapidea, Reeve .....,...++ ereseaee 43

Cervus Dama, Linn... soeeeeees . 70, 97, 192 ornata, Reeve .........+ daavecsente 46

Evapuvs, ins eS 97, 192 pulchra, Reeve....... scaeceasnseiee 43

Waritt, Mitch............. 64, 70, 97 radiata, Sowerby ......+ Baseaeeer tees

Ceryle varia, Strickl. .....cs00...000.05 167 rostrata, Lam...... nanaagsent sume 44

GETACEAR i eeaseresct ons meee coower 66 subradiata, Lam..........+s.ss00e 45

CHAMPSA FISSIPES -escessesseeeeees 110 sulcata, Lam.......... seceeseeeeedd, 44

Charadrius minor, Meyer ......... oe, 94 triquetra, Reeve ......cecceseeeee . 46

Chauliodes strepera, SW.....+...+... 93, 94 undulata, Sowerby ........+++000s 44

CHEIROPTERAT (<j.ccecicpsesctecerses se 65 ZICZACy MCEDE, osc.ciseapeades cons «. - 45

Chizzerhis leucogaster, Riip. ......... 9 -| CROCODILUS ACUTUS ..cceccecceceeeees 110

INDEX. 205

Page Page

Crocopitvus Lucius, Auct. ......... 110 Falco peregrinus, Gmel.......0000+00« 93

Cuculus canorus, Linn. «+..+..00-..00s 94 Tinnunculus, Linn. ......+2.-+06+ 93

canorus, Linn. ........-71, 99, 195 BELID.R, \. ccsaen oPatabacendtessssadbiaos ee) L666

micropterus, Gould........++++++ 94 | FrLts DoMEsTICcA, Briss. 69,97, 191

Cursorius Coromandelicus, Auct. ... 92 CaRACAL, Gmel Jedduint tite sidepeide’ 69

Cyclostoma acutimarginatum, Sow.. 80 CERVARTIA, T@MM, oo...ceeeeeeeee 69

altum, SowerDy ...+0e.sseeeeeeees 84 CONCOLOR, Linn. ........++ «....63, 69

canaliferum, Sowerby ...+.++++++ Gk JUBATA, Liners’ casa ont noire 64, 69

Luzonicum, Sowerby .......0.... 80 LEO RAMU...» « ccbsicecsereenes 63, 69, 97

Philippinarum, Sowerdy......... 83 Leoparpus, Linn. .....-.-+..206+ 69

Pupiniforme, Sowerby......++++ cp Oe rutilus, Waterh. .........+++ jdepite 130

Stainforthii, Sowerby ....+0..+..- 82 UNICOLOR ?, Traill ...sceeeceeeees 119

Tuba, Sowerby.....s0ecsseosseeseee 83 | FERAL ......cessensereetscerseeesssennens 65

validum, Sowerby «ssssecerseeess 82 | Francolinus perlatus (Gra}) exasbanecs 167

Cygnopsis cygnoides (Linn.) .....+... 166 Pondicerianus, Auct. ..........++ 92

Cyprinus Barsus, Linn....... eraser 0/2 wulgaris, AUCt..eceecsccreccsesneees 92

CEPHALUS, [inn. ......+000-+08 72 Fregilus Graculus, Cuv. ..........+ 92, 93

Cypsetus Apus, Flem...71, 99, 101, 195 FrinGiLLta Ca@ess, Linn. ........- 99

Cytherea effossa, Hanley ...+++.++4++ 123 Cuuoris, Temm. ........+..- 71, 194

excavata, Hanley.cccccreresreeeees 123 CYANEA, Wils. Les.csec.seeeeneee 194

Dafila acuta (Linn.)......ss0ssseerees 93, 94 DOMESTICA, Linn. ........- 71, 98, 99

Dasyprocra AURATA, F. Cuy. ...64, 70 Kawariba, Temm. .......-2+2000+ 168

Dasyurus hallucatus, Gould ........- 41 leuconota, Temm.,....-... bciagteta a: 92

MAUGEI, Geoff. ....sseccceecees. 192 | FRINGILLIDAD ....0..ceeceeceeereoseeenes 67

Delphinula aculeata, Reeve ........ . 103 | Fuligula cristata, Steph. ...... 93, 94, 167

formosa, Reeve....-+ ® canrerhmatigives 4 103 Serina, Steph. ........++ duavdeneeha | (04

incisa, Reeve ........- er Nyroca, Steph. s..-...s0sseeceene 94

imperialis, Reeve.....sssse0+ecs0e+ 102 rufina, Steph. ...s0.......0008 «93, 94

melanacantha, Reeve ....++..+++. 102 | Galago Senegalensis, Geoff............. 201

Tyria, Reeve ...cesseesssceseee .. 102 | Gallinago stenurus ............ papiddicae 92

Denrxinus Puocana, Linn....... 64,96 | Gallinula chloropus (Linn.) ......71, 167

Dendrocitta Sinensis, Vig. ............ 92 quiaris, Horsf....:...00-s<tssatpa> 167

vagabunda, Vig. ...+++++4+ igen 92 phenicura (GmM.) «s+... 167, 168

Dentalium longitrorsum, Reeve...... 197 Gallus Bankiva, Temm. .......-+.0+... 167

Dicrurus bracteatus, Gould ......... 132 DOMESTICUS, Auct...........-71, 111

Dirvus £eyrprtivs, Hemp. et Ehr.. «a 192 Garrulus bispecularis, Vig......+.....- 92

Dromatvs Novx-Hoitanp!&, Vieil. 141 GLANDARIUS, Flem. ........ .70, 193

Eburna Japonica, Reeve...........+... 200 lanceolatus, Vig. ...++++..+++ ais; 92

Elanus melanopterus, Leach ......... 92 striatusy Vig. ...ccecssevccccesens 92

Elater fiabellicornis, Fab. «.....++.++ 73 | Geophaps, n. g., Gould .......... wage, 19

Gigas, Fab. ....ceceecseeeeeeeees «. 73 | Geophaps plumifera, Gould ......... 19

mucronatus, Iliger....+....-..0+ 76 | Geophili longicornes, Gervais........- 180

Emarginula conoidea, Reeve ......-.. 50 | Geophilide, Leach .........-.- asa 177

EMBERIZA CITRINELLA, Linn. ...... 99 | Geophilus, Leach......... deswpinn dower 177

cristata, Vig. .+....+++ eitenaacane’s 92 Walckeneri, Gerv. .....6 6020.00 181

Emblema, n. g., Gould ... «.. 17 | Gerygone chloronotus, Gould......... 133

Emblema picta, Gould ........+.+. ey / levigaster, GoUldinwaxerss sucsiowres 133

Enicurus maculatus, Vig. ......++++++ 92 magnirostris, Gould ......0.+... 133

Entomophila? albogularis, Gould ... 137 | Glyciphila fasciata, Gould ............ 137

? rufogularis, Gould .......++++. 137 | Gonibregmatus, n. g., Newp.......... 180

Eauus CaBALuus, Linn. ...... aseree 69 | Gonibregmatus Cumingii, Newp. ... 181

Erinaceus Evropvs, Linn...63, 68, 96 Graucalus Papuensis, Cuy.....++...-+. 92

Erythrodryas, n. g., (i en 112 | Gymnura Raffesii, Vig. & Horsf. ... 114

Erythrodryas rhodinogaster, Gould. 112 | Hematornis jocosus (Linn.) .......+. 167

rosed, GOUIA .....+eseeeeeee esesee 112 | Halcyon atricapilla(Gm.) . ....++-.. 168

Eudynamys orientalis, Vig. & Horsf. 92 platyrostris, Gould ........+...++5 72

Euplectes rufo-velatus, Fraser ...... 142 Smyrnensis, Linn, ......-+++0+e0+ 92

Euplocomus ignitus?, Auct. «.-..++++ 131 sordidus, Gould .......01:+s+00608 72

NYCERCMETUS. 0.000 +000008 Wdslewpe'tenp 166 | Haliaétus Macei .........c0cseecereeeees 92

Faleo Chiequera, Lath. ......0+e.-.0es 92 Ponticerianus ....06..csereeererens 92

206 INDEX.

Page : Page

Halmaturus Binoé, Gould ............ 58 | Iguana Cycuura, Cuv...........0 71,72

Hexarcros Marayanus, Horsf.... 191 | IphthinusGuineensis, Westerm. mss. 119

Helicina acutissima, Sow. Jun. ...... 6 Hypocrita, Dej. ...secccseersseeee LID

agglutinans, Sow. Jun. ......... T |) Wigon Ofer -Faewests secancatevnctees: EE 92

Guadaloupensis, Sow. Jun. 8 leucotis, Gould ......... Geienuigtel 92

Lazarus, Sow. Jun. .......00..55 We O87. Ketupa Leschenaulli, Lesson ........+ 92

Maxima, Sow. Jun. ......sesseeeee 6 | Lamprotornis spilopterus, Vig. ...... 92

minuta, Sow. Jun. ...,.0000..08. 3 7 Lanius erythronotus, Gould ......... 167

parva, Sow. Jun......scecsceeeeses 8 EXCUBITOR, AUCt. coccessesseeees lil

polita, Sow. Jum. .......0...eeee eee 7 Lucionensis (Linn.) ...204...... 167

similis, Sow. Jum. ......c0e..000 8 Larus canus, Linn............5...00 196

striatula, Sow. Jun. .....0...... 6 | Lemur avsirrons, Geoff. ......... 68

trochiformis, Sow. Jun. ........- 7 | Leptophyllus, n. g., Hope ........ Reet

Helix carbonaria, Sowerd. ............ 86 | Leptophyllus Strachani, Hope ...... 78

cochliodés, Pfeiffer 151 LEPUS cUNICULUS, Linn. ........ . 70, 98

cromyodes, Pfeiffer ~seen lil) TIMIDUS, Linn. .........see00s 70, 192

Cumingii, Pfeiffer ...........06. 88 Limosa melanura, Leisl........++.00006 94

Beckiana, Pfeiffer .........s0000s 87 CUPA NET ISRS evar ens de cee oss cieeebure 94

Bulla, Pfeiffer ......seecsceeeees 151 | Linsang gracilis, Miiller............... 114

Butleri, Pfeiffer ............0000 0s 87 | Liothrix Sinensis (Gm.)......+... ... 168

fulvida, Pfeiffer ... .....eee. eee 87 LITHEDAPHUS LONGIROSTRIS, Owen 147

Janus, Chemn. fa.c.ccscceeeseseee 87 | Lobivanellus personatus, Govld...... 113

languida, Pfeiffer .........+0s00 150 | Lophophorus Nigelli, Jard. & Selby. 105

Luzonica, Sowerb. ..........0+... 85 Loxia coccorHraustEs, Temm.... 195

Mackensiana, Saul ............4.. 87 ENUCLEATOR, Linn. ......00... 194

Mindanaensis, Sowerb. ......... 85 JAVENSIS, Auct. ...secceseenss. 111

Moricandi, Sowerd. ..........05 86 LUTRA VULGARIS, Erxl. .....0...00. 69

Norrisii, Sowerd. ......ssceeeee 85 | Lymnea plicatula, Cantor ...........- 124

(Carocolla) Panayensis, Brod.. 86 | Macacus Innuvs, Desm. ......... 68

Phloiodes, Pfeiffer ............... 151 Ruesus, Desm. .........0066 seeee 68

porphyria, Pfeiffer ............... 87 | Macropus Bennertrii, Waterh. 64, 70

PAVIA daviidoncurwawerdveassstecenets 124 melanops, Gould .........c0e00.0. 10

Sagittifera, Pfeiffer ....... ws» 86 | Malacocereus striatus, Swains....... 92

Samavensis, Pfeiffer ............ 87 | Mareca Penelope (Linn.) ... 93,94, 168

suborbiculata, Pfeiffer ......... 88 |. MaRsopranra yi o.c, wdevevsccreeecetee _ 66

tephrodes, Pfeiffer ........5..- 151 | Mecistocephalus, n. g., Newp. ...... 178

unica, Pfeiffer ....ccceececeeeee 151 | Mecistocephalus ferrugineus, Koch . 179

Valtoni, Reeve ........cceeeeees 49 Guildingii, Newp. .........s000.. 179

ZEUS}: JONAS versie Goeevaee ieee s 188 mawillaris, Gervais ....--...006. . 179

zonifera, Sowerd. — ..ccececseeees 85 punctifrons, Newz. «2... tees kao

Helops dentatus, Fab. .......60...000008 122 punctilabium, Newp. Feds eosvannny Lao

punctatus, Fab. vo... cece 118 | Megacantha, n. g., Westw........ epee’ 127

Hemigalea Zebra, Jourdan ..,...... 114 Megacantha tenebrosa, Westw. ...... 122

Herodias Garzetta (Linn.) ...... 93,168 | Megalurus palustris, Sykes? ......... 92

Himantopus melanopterus, Temm.... 94 Megapodius tumulus, Gould ......... 20

Hirundo filifera, Steph. ............06+ 92 | Melania cancellata, Cantor ......... 124

neoxina, Gould ....... Br co oe 131 Melophus Lathami, Gray ......... 167, 168

riparia, LAND. .......c.ceccesees 92,93 | Mergus albellus, Linn. .........c00.05 93

rustica, LINN. «...0006-2..00020005 93 | Merops Philippinus, Linn. ...... 92, 167

Hydrochelidon fluviatilis, Gould ... 140 viridis, Lind. ......ceerene é 20/925 167

Hydrophasianus Sinensis (Gm.) ... 167 | Mesodesma ornata? Gray ..... caseeee 46

Hylacola, n. g., Gould ...........0005 135 | Micreca flavescens, Gould ........+... 132

Hylacola cauta, Gould .............4. 135 | Milvus Cheele ......cecccceccececceseeces 92

Hypsipetes psarotdes, Vig....... ede 92 | Modiola Senhousia, Cantor ......... 124

Hystrix cristata, Linn. ......... 192 Morphnus cristatelius ces..-.eesesees 92

Lanthocincla albogularis, Gould ...... 92 Moscuvus JAvVANIcws, Pall. ......... 108

canora (Linn.) ...eccseeeeceeeees 167 | MoracriLa AuBA, Linn.......... 71, 193

erythrocephala, Gould ......... 92 Q1B0,) TAN Garvencs co >aveiine lees oae 92

leucocephala, Gould ............ 92 Murex Stainforthii, Reeve ............ 104

Ibis falcinellus, Temm. ............... 94 Mus castaneus, Waterh. ............ 145

INDEX. 207

Page | Page

Mus DEcUMANUS, Linn. ........ 70, 98 Nyctobates rotundicollis, Westw. ... 120

delicatulus, Gould. .........0000: 13 transversalis, Westw. ....s.sseee 119

hirsutus, Gould ......cseceseee0e. 12 | MNyroca leucophthalma, Flem. ...... 93

MUSCULUS, Linn. .....0...000.0. 98 | Ocyphaps, n. g., Gould ........0...00s 20

Nove-Hollandie, Waterh....... 146 | Ocyphaps microurus, Gould ......... 20

penicillatus, Gould ...........0+ 12 Gdicnemus crepitans, Temm. ... 92, 94

MUS PREAD A 1555004 ees. snanaasenseese 66 | Ogcosoma, n.g., Westw. ....02060.4. 121

Musrexa Ermine, Linn. 64, 69,97,191 | Ogcosoma granulare, Westw.......... 121

Purorivs, Linn. ............00000e 64 Oniscia Dennisoni, Reeve ............ 91

VULGARIS, Linn. ......... 64, 69, 97 strombiformis, Reeve ............ 91

Myophonus Temminckii, Vig. ...... 92 | Oriolus Galbula, Auct. ...........000 92

Myzomela obscura, Gould .........+4+ 136 Chinensis, Linn. ...... 166

Nasua Fusca, Desm. .......e00000e 68 Ortyx castanea, Gould ......60....00 182

Narerx Torauata, Ray.. als 101, 109 nigrogularis, Gould .........04. 181

Nautilus Pompilius, Auct...... OEPAD 143 (Odontophorus) stellata, Gould 183

Navicella Clypeolum, Recluz......... 157 pectoralis, Gould ........s000.05 182

Cumingiana, Recluz .......++4.. 157 | Otus brachyotus, Flem. .........++.++ 93

’ Entrecastauxi, Recluz .......++ 159 Ovis. Artss, Linn. .......00....000-: 69, 98

Janelli, Recluz ....... BRR Jace 154 TRAGELAPHUS, Desm. ......... 70

Vineata, Lam. ......sccceesereneees 158 | Oxynopterus, n. g., Hope ........166 77

Luzonica, Souleyet ............00+ 156 | Oxynopterus Audouini, Hope......... 77

suborbicularis, Sowerb. .......+. 155 Cumingii, Hope ....... Maneesarees many,

Pessellata; Liam. |:\s2ececveecneeces 158 Javanus, Hope. 02.5 0ck.cceseess 78

variabilis, Recluz ........ weet i 155 latipennis, Hope .........see.eseee 78

Necrophleophagus, n. g., Newp. ... 180 mucronatus, Hope ...rereeeees 76

Necrophleophagus longicornis,Leach 180 | Pachycephala falcata, Gould ...... «-» 134

Neophron perenopterus, Temm....... 92 melanura, Gould ....00......006 134

Nerita, Lam. .......... Stveissaicneete .. 168 simplex, Gould ..csevesscecesaces 135

angulosa, Recluz ...... aidsueneey so Palamedea cornuta, Linn. ........+04- 15

asperulata, Recluz ....0.... e+ 169. | Paleornis Bengalensis (Gm.) ...... 167

bicanaliculata, Recluz ......... bral JSlavicollaris, Frankl. ............ 92

bicolor, Recluz ....ccccessececers 172 Malaccensis (Gm.) —.....2.0000s 168

circumvoluta, Recluz .......0+6. 173 torquatus, Vig. ......ss0...0s 92, 167

crepidularia, Lam. .........+0+... 170 Paludina lecythoides, Cantor ...... 124

Donovani, Recluz ..........0000 175 longicornis, Cantor ......s0.065... 124

interrupta, Recluz ...... ices 173 quadrata, Cantor .........006 w. 124

Jabiosa; Sow.) Avie ek 169 striatula, Cantor .......... Bdanidates 124

Michaudi, Recluz ...... ......+5 175 | Planorbis hemispherula, Canfor ... 124

Montacuti, Recluz ......sesees0e 174 | Paradisea apoda, Linn. ............... 166

Olivacea, Recluz .......00... sees 172 SANGUINEA, SHAW seseeesssceseevees 166

Panayana, Recluz .........s0005+ 170 Paradoxurus Derbianus, Gray ...... 114

Petiti; RECluZ isescesseteocv sees 169 Zebra, Gray? sovecescsess =o aay SUS

pulchella, Recluz ........s.00-000 175 | Parmophorus corrugatus, Reeve ... 50

pulligera, LINN. ....0..e.ceeeeeeee 171 intermedius, Reeve ............... 50

Rangiana, Recluz .........+006+ 170 | Partula inflata, Reeve....... BASE: we 197

Sowerbiana, Recluz .......... . 174 Parus atriceps, Horsf. ........++ roam 4

squamzpicta, Recluz .........-+: 169 cAuDATUS, Linn. ............ 71, 194

squarrosa, Recluz .........0.... 174 CHERULEUS, Linn............. 71, 194

suborbiculata, Recluz...... ete D7 1: galla, AUCt. sesecserseseees baths 8 92

Nesioticus, n. g., Westw. .........005 120 | Pecten albo-lineatus, Sow. Jun....... 164

Nesioticus flavopictus, Westw. ...... 121 crassicostatus, Sow. Jun. ...... 164

Nigrita fusconotus, Fraser ......... 145 pictus, Sow. Jum. .......00000.6. 163

Nucifraga hemispila, Vig. ..........+. 92 pseudolima, Sow. Jun. ......... 165

Numenius arquata, Lath. ........... , 94 Singaporinus, Sow. Jun. ...... 164

pheopus, Lath. ......... Rescate 94 splendidulus, Sow. Jun. ......... 165

Nyctobates brevicornis, Westw. 119 serratus, Sow. Jum........0e.00. 0. 164

confusus, Westw. ... ..ssssseeee 118 superbus, Sow. Jun.........0006 + 163

_Hypocrita, Westw. ............... 119 velutinus, Sow. Jum. «.....see0es 164

meerens, Westw. .......00...s00006 117 Pectocera, n. g., Hope .sesee.s.sesees 79

punctatus, Westw. ..........0060 118 Peetocera Cantori, Hope.......... sweat ao

208 INDEX

Page Page

Pectocera Mellii, Hope ....+.sessesee 79 | Pleurotoma Beckii, Reeve ............ 199

Pelecanus rufescens, Gmel........-+ « 144 speciosa, Reeve .....sseseereeeees 199

Peplidia, n.g., Lowe ......ssse00 gecvses Ploceus collaris, Fraser .........+++0++ 142

Peplidia Madere, Lowe ......+.- sensor (OL Philippinus, Cuy......--+ gapaxaie 92

Perameles Harveyi, Waterh. ......... 47 Plotus Levaillanti, Temm............. 93

macroura, Gould.......+--+00 awene yal Podiceps minor, Lath............++000+ 93

Perdix altaica, Gebler ......+.0+0+++- 105 | Poéphila, n. g., Gould..........00+ repay a8

Chukar Wigs) -evearenssdes tases 92 | Poéphila personata, Gould......... és GS

Pernis apivorus, AUCt. ..-..s-eceeseee 93 | Polyplectron Hardwickei, Gray ...... 166

PETAURUS SCIUREUS, Geoff. ...... 64,70 | Pomatorhinus erythrogenys, Vig. ... 92:

Petrogale concinna, Gould............ 57 | Porzana fluminea, Gould....... deiicente 139

inornata, Gould ......+.. wintsebise 5 palustris, Gould .......cccccsceuee 139

Petroica rhodinogaster, Jard. & Selb. 112 rubiginosa (Temm.) .........005 167

rosea, Gould...... aoiapaealls sacceae, LL2) | Priniaurrorata, Sykes asaya ope 92

Phenicornis brevirostris, Vig......... 92 | Prionodon gracilis, Horsf. ............ 114

PCVeEGTiNA, Vig.ecserceseresseceesees 92 | Psammobia costata, Hanley .......-. 122

rubeculoides, Vig Boor co coroece O2 | « Bstlopus’ va.-:: \s.swheetes aeceaaeeanes 133

Phenicura ruticilla, Swains. ......... 92 | Psittacula yalgula (Linn.) .....+...... 167

Phalacrocorax Carbo (Linn.).......-. 167 | Psittacus Sinensis, Gm. .......00.0+++ 167

Cormoranus, TemmM. .....++0000. 93 Pierocles exustus, Auct..........+00000 92

MAVANICAN Ss. &.icbs denen sms cnceeteees 93 | Ptilinopus Ewingii, Gould ............ 19

Phalaropus platyrhynchus, Temm... $4 Swainsonii, Gould .......2....0+ 18

Phascogale albipes, Waterh. «........ 48 Ptilotis flava, Gould ......c00c.s.c000s 136

Phasianus albocristatus, Vig.....++... 92 unicolor, Gould ..........0000. «. 136

LINEATUS) Jardis$. <naassewewsines 195 versicolor, Gould......cscerseeeees 136

NYCTHEMERtS, Auct.....-....... 71 | Pyramidella cincta, Reeve ......... cael

torquatus, GI.....eeeeeseneseeees 166 Plans ACCC, acc bonnpavelaneaeene 198

PHILOMELA LUSCINIA, Swains...98,111 | Pyrgita domestica, Cuv. ....+......- 92, 93

PHOocA VITULINA, Linn.........0+0++ 64, 69 montana, AUCt. .sccorreseeeseeeee 93

PHOCIDE.<: -S2G beer eesens Seine 66 rutilans (Temm.) <......5eses008 167

PHOLADOMYA CANDIDA sesseseeeees 150 Pyrrhulauda cruciger.....+.. onannepes 92

PUT US. no .doi sc ces Sashentnvaneanayveeseee 161 gingica (GM.) ...se...0.008 eupwages 67,

Phorus calculiferus, Reeve..... aes fisea® 162 QUADEUMANA 4 chet census tes oceans 65

corrugatus, RECve ....erersseeees 163 Querquedula circea, Auct. ..........+- 94

exustus, Reeve.....+.+ stevoadttsin: 162 Crecca (Linn.) ...... +00...93, 94, 168

Indicus, Reeve.. twesdvzese L161 Fatearia, (Pall), jctcaxs coevaunee .- 167

onustus, Reeve wide de Sued age 160, 161 Sormosa (Georgi) .....-s..+2000 168

pallidulus, Reeve......see..--+-0e+ 162 | Rallus gularis, Horsf. ..........00.0 ade Oe

Solaris, REEVE .....cssessseseneenee 161] cristatus (Gm) \iin24: cencnnsanaaee 167

Phyllophoridee, Hope ......+..++++0-+- 73 RANA TEMPORARIA, Linn.........- ea und L

Phyllophorus, n. g., Hope ....-+...++ 73 | Reeurvirostra Avocetia, Linn. ...... 94

Pica erythrorhyncha, Vig. ......+++ sen OD RaEA AMERICANA, Briss. .......005++ 141

Picus Mahrattensis, Lath. .........++. 92 | Rhipidura Dryas, Gould ..........++ muse

MINOR, Lath: s.ssescs soso 71,99 | Rhynchaspis clypeata (Linn.) ....93, 167

occipitalis, Vig. ..+...++ wo eeennes 92. | (RODENTIA (ves so, coaeaaeill, aan si. 66

Viridis, AUCt...ccecccncerserecssooes 1 Rostellaria curta, Sow. Jun. ...... vere 165

Piezophyllus, n. g., Hope ....+.++4--- 7 RUMINANTIA .....0cecccceseceeee sacgeres 66

Piezophyllus Shuckhardi, Hope....... 76 | Sanguinolaria iridescens, Cantor ... 124

Spencei, Hope .....+....csseeeere- 76 | Saxicola bicolor, Sykes ....-seseeseee 92

Pitta Iris, Gould v2 ...sccscessoccesessses 17 rubetra, Temm., vs ..0..s0sspapebee 93

Polih, Braser...cciesccccseoas vac: 190 rubicola, Temms..-...62-sessmesen ye DO

Planorbis compressus, Hutton ...... 124 | Sciurus ephippium, Miiller............ 116

PAPYTACCUS oe .evcnsseseresceereners 124 erythrogenys, Waterh. ......... 129

Platalea leucorodia, Linn. ......+++... 94 PALMARUM, Briss. _..... RPE, 64, 70

Platycercus erythropterus ....+++00-+- 111 Rafflesii, Vig. & Horsf. ....... » 116

SCOPUIALUS ...seceneescceseseeseees LIL rufobrachiatus, Waterh. ....... -. 128

Platysteira castanea, Fraser ......... 141 Stangeri, Waterh.......+.+00-s+00 127

leucopygialis, Fraser ........+... 142 VULGARIS, Linn.........++. 64, 70, 98

PLEcoTuS AURITUS, Geoff............ 68 | Scolopax Gallinago, Linn. .... ....94, 196

PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS...+6+..-005 lll Gallinula, Linn. ....+.066..05 naan nO

INDEX. 209

Page Page

Scolopax rusticola, Linn. «........++. 94 | Tornatella bullata, Kiener ..........+. 61

Scolopendra electrica, Linn. ......... 180 coccinata, Reeve......cecssereeeess 60

Siphonaria characteristica, Reeve... 49 Sasciata, Lam........+0+ Laine dees 61

Sitta castaneoventris, Frankl.......... 92 Jlammea, Lam. ........06.008 Pees Do

Smicrornis, n. g., Gould............06. 133 glabra, Reeve ...... oc veclepeiesees 60

Smicrornis flavescens, Gould........ +. 134 Insculpta, Reeve ..scccsccseseeee-. 62

Solen acuminatus, Hanley ......... e122 Nitidula, LaM....cccceccsceerseeeee 61

Sorex (Crocidura) Poensis, Fraser... 200 OFyZa, Reeve ...cccccereveeres saved), 62

TETRAGONURUS, Herm....63, 68, 96 pedipes, Lam. ......s.s.esee0e Roses 02

Sterna aurantia, Gray . ceaememectnae ct Siebaldii, Reeve ...... imacsaseuene 61

Hirvunpo, Linn. ....... 4 solidula, Lam... Cipher OY

velox, Gould ........6+ tessellata, Reeve... hatedee wee: NOU

Sternula nereis, Gould ... venusta, D’Orb. ...........08 aioe OL

SruRNUS PREDATORIUS, Wils........ 193 virgata, Reeve.........+ aecageasess 61

VuLGaris, Linn. ............++- 70, 98 Totanus calidris, Bechst. .......+.+++ 94

vulgaris, LINN. ........++++..0e-- 92, 93 Juscus, Leis]. .......4. Tacccate ates 94

Srrix FLAMMEA, Linn. ............ 70, 98 glareola, Temm. .........+ ASotoe 94

Jlammed, Linn.........0.eeeree dae) 93 glottoides, Vig.....+.+++. auenensenas 93

Poensis, Fraser ....++++ Baecnicd aes LO hypoleucos, Temm. ..........+0+6+ 94

Strombus bulbulus, Sow. Jun. ...... 144 ochropus, Tem. ...ssceceeeeee . 94

crispatus, Sow. Jun. ...s+...+e. 143 Tringa minuta, Leisl.....+.....0s0006 5:

SrROMATERIA MOLLISSIMA, Leach.. 71

Srrutuio Cameuus, Linn...71, 141,195

Succinea elegans, Pfeiffer ........0.-- 187

reflexa, Pfeiffer ....crecceseseeees 187

variegata, Pfeiffer ...... Scoot 187

Sylvia hadiceps, Fraser .....s+0e+++0+ 144

Hippolais, Lath.....ssescssereeeees 93

Loscrin1A, Lath......ese.00. nee 71

PuragcmiteEs, Beckst. .......+ 98, 194

Suecica, Lath. ......scsesececsceees 93

SYRNIA NYCTEAs..ccccesecesenes Seeptas SLO

Tadorna Bellonii, Steph. ........0eeeree 94

rutila, Steph......+++ scperoscoce 93, 94

Tatra Evrop#a, Linn. ............ 63, 68

Tarsipedida........+++++ eyddaadasresescessal iL

Tarsipes, n.g., Gervais & Verreausx.. 1

Tarsipes rostratus, Gerv. ue Verreaue 1

Terebra pretiosa, Reeve .....++++.++.-. 200

TESTUDO GRACA, AUCT....ceeseceeeeee 72

Tetralobus, Serville ....+.ssseee+ees APG}

Tetralobus auricomus, Hope ......... 75

Aystralasie@, GOLY .+.+.s0000+ Ravn

cinereus, GOLY..-++++ Sie aetiieel sa 73

Duponti, Hope ...-+.sersreesenees 73

Fortnumi, Hope ....+.s.seeeeeeees 74

Goryi, Hope......++++ Wececsresae ae 73

Manglesii, Hope.....-.+++ pandas 75

Parryi, Hope ..-.--s+esessereeees 74

robustus, Hope ..-seseeseeveeeees 75

Savagel, Hope ....sssssseeseesreers 74

Terrao Caucasica, Pali............. 195

Caucasica, Pall. ....-sseseeeeeeees 105

Tetraogallus altaicus ......+++---+.+++0+ 105

CAUCASICUS sessvevenesserevenesaeees 105

Himalayensis, G. 2. Gray ner 105

Thalasseus Torresii, Gould......... -. 140

Thaumalea picta (Linn.) ..-.++ eee 166

Timalia hypoleuca, Frankl. .....0++. 92

Tornatella auricula, Lam. .......+ ven eabe

pugnax, Linn. .......

subarcuata, Temm

Temminckii, Leis).

TRITON PALUSTRIS, Flem............ 71

Trochus agglutinans, Lam. ...... 160, 161

asteriscus, Reeve..... Pesadaes esasa 164

conchyliophorus, Auct. ......... 161

CXUMMIUS: REGHEs. vecncccsssaccee cece 185

Jimbriatus, Lam.......c.sececeseee 184

gemmMosus, Leeve......eee.eeeeeeee 184

Hanleyanus, Reeve ............045 184

Trdsens; Gmel,) cise accnatesockec 162

lithophorus, Auct. ..... Cheasagteno 161

melanostoma, Reeve ..........68. 185

modestus, Reeve ...... saerec cake « 185

pileolum, Reeve .........+ ee 184

BOlGHAG, La.) eedezep saces<s 6 woes LOE

Turbinellus imperialis, Rennes’ séieversa 198

vexillulum, Reeve ........eceseee 198

Truncatella scalariformis, Reeve...... 197

Turbo pulcher, Reeve...... eben teasers 185

squamiger, Reeve........sseseeeees 186

Ticaonicus, Reeve ....cceecseeees 185

variabilis, Reeve ...sccecssccccesces 186

Turdus Glbicollis .eccecscccaccrccescecees 92

PRERULG; VMN oss dkasestess eset ae 167

MUSTOUS; | Lint... csserevceves sess 71

peecilopterus, Vig. sss.cccacceceee 92

RAUTIPIE SAUCE ccncecectes satenense 92

ViscivOrUs, LINN. .sereccesessvees 93

Turnie pugnax (Temm.) ....e.eeeeee 167

Turtur Suratensis (Gm.) ........s00- 168

URSTIDAE a pacasttatcsxcsesendes ane anansatias 66

Unxsus AmMEricaANUuS, Pall. ...63, 68, Fa

LABIATUS, Blainv. MapERes ieee hes

Vanellus cristatus, Meyer ......0+0.00.

Goensis, Auct.....+.- SenascocOens «- 92

Keptuschka, Vemm. ........0000, 92

Venus contraria, Gmel. ....+.+. se.e0e 45

210 INDEX.

Page Page

Venus Sinensis, Cantor .......se00006. 124 | ViverRipa@...... sme sph catbeaees conta se Ge

divaricata, Chemn.....ss.scseeres 45 Voluéa aulica, Solander .. 53

Vermetus eburneus, Reeve ..... wsaye, 197 Jlammea, Gmel, ..... se5 190

Vespertitio Nocrura, Schreb. ... 68 Solidula, Linn. .ecsscseseeee atieens «00

PrpeisTRELLUS, Gmel.......63, 68, 96 COYNATS, TiN hae consicaccasienamian 61

ViPERA coMMoNIS, Leach ....... oe. Z1 Vuttur ANGouENs!s, Lath.......... 193

Viverra Boiei, Miller.............+0++ 114 | Xema ridibundum (Linn.) .......0.+++ 167

Civerra, Linn. ...... sereeeereO3, 69 Yunx Torgquilla, Linn. ...... --.92, 94, 168

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

PART XI.

1843.

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,

BY R. AND J. E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

foley eT? oe au Lt te

Bes aa BAS A

See

LIST

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articles contributed by each.

| Bripces, Mr. page

On the Habits of some of the smaller Chilian Rodents. . 129

Brooke, JAMES, Esq.

Letter from. . Janae siireite “Lo

Exhibition of Specimens presented by . Spy psieees Tish) Bos oe

Cotton, Rev. W.

Letter from, addressed to Professor Owen, on the Remains

of a Gigantic Bird in New Zealand. . . . - . +... 1

Dersy, Right Hon. the Earl of.

Exhibition of two aes pee anes of TE RUISE by

orderof .. A etal 73,

Ewer, WALTER, de

Exhibition of Specimens presented by. . - . . «>. 35

Forses, Professor E.

On the Species of Negra inhabiting the AEgean Sea . . 75

Fraser, Mr. L.

On some New Species of Birds from Fernando Po. . . 3

On eight New Species of Birds from Western Africa. . 16

On a New Rhinolophus, and four New pee 4 of Birds

from Western Africa . . a ape 25

On Birds from Western ‘Alfeion $485 34

On Cricetomys Gambianus and various s Species of Birds

from Western Africa. . . . . .....-e. Sl

On two specimens of Manis . . . . . ..» + «+. 58

Description of Perdix Bonhami . . 69

On the Collection of Birds Bilan to > England by} Mr.

‘Bridges... - 108

GAsKOIN, J. 8., Esq. page

On New Species of Cyprea oie Nei St ie a a

GouLp, Joun, Esq.

On two New Species of Birds from the collection formed

by Sir award Belcher si fo sine} le we es

Description of Ardea rectirostris. . . . . . .. . Q

On the Habits of Zeipoa . . oY oS Es ae

On a New Species of Kangaroo Baty 81

On nine New Birds collected rade the ‘voyage of H.M. S.

Sulphur, Meus : - 103

On Diomedea chlororhyncha Le : 8a.

Descriptions of four New Species of Ortye PM ate - 192

On an extensive Series of Toucans, with characters of Se

NeMEACRIES Tee st pire ete ae te ete elt emmnee

Gray, J. E., Esq.

Letter ou, on two New Species of Bats and a Porcupine

(Hystrix subspinosus, Licht.) in the British Museum. . . 20

Letter from, on some New Species of Bats from Jamaica . 50

Specimens of Mammalia from Coban in Central America,

presented ‘by ‘20.2 Wes Ne S> Sot oid atta 79

GuLLIveER, GEorGE, Esq.

On the Blood-Corpuscles of the Stanley Musk Deer . . 66

Hantey, SyLvanus, Esq.

On New Species of Donax and Mya . . ..... 5

On New Species of Solen and Mesodesma .. . . . 101

Harvey, J. B., Esq.

Better front seats os) an Wes Oe) A Pea

Hinps, Ricuarp BrinsLey, Esq.

On New Species of Shells collected by Sir Edward Bel-

cher, C.B. . 17

On two New Species of Triphoris, in the collection of

H. Cuming, Esq. . 22

On New Species of Pleurotoma, Clavatula, and Mangia. 36

On New Species of Cancellaria . . A . AT

On New Species of Corbula and ‘Potamomya 5 te cosh adhe

On New Species of Nezra. . . 75

On New Species of Nucula, from the collections of Sir E.

Belcher, C.B., and H. Cuming, Esq. . » - + + © - 2 9

On New Species of Scalaria and Murer . . . « « «124

On New Species of Terebra . . . . «+ » + + + + 149

Synopsis of the Genus Terebra . . . . ~ + + + « 159

Loppices, Mr. GreorGe.

On some Species of Humming-Birds . . . . - - . 122

Lowe, Rev. R. T., Corr. Memb.

On the Fishes of Madeira . . . . . . . « . ~~ 81,97

Ocixsy, Rosert Lesxiz, Esq. page

Lepus Hibernicus, presented by .

Ocitsy, WILLIAM, Esq.

On two New Species of Baboon. . . . - - - + + 10

Owen, Professor.

On Dinornis Nove-Zealandie 8

Letter from, substituting the name e of Dinornis for that of

Megalornis. . . Wis. <i thee Cite JG

Dissection of a Female Orang- 1 game acme) roe"

Second part of Memoir on the Dinornis . . . 144

On the Rudimental Marsupial Bones in the Thylacinus - 148

PETIT DE LA SAussAYE, M.

Descriptions of Hlasmatina and Scarabus, in the collec-

tion of H. Cuming, Esq. 9

Reciuz, Mons. C. A.

On New Speeies.of Neritar. % 6) nog SB ets) ET

On New Species of Narica . . . 136

Descriptions of New Species of Navicella, Neritina, ‘Nerita

and Natica, in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. . . . 197

Reeve, Lovett, Esq.

Descriptions of four New Species of Conus . . . . . 12

On New Species of Pleurotoma and Pectunculus . . . 31

On a New Species of Cyclostoma . . eaten! tai wees

On New Species of Conus and Peetunculus. . 5. . 79

On New Species of Delphinula and a New Voluta. . . 141

On New Species of Conus, Pleurotoma, Pectunculus, and

Cee AS CAG BOGE Nae Oke Ns (ie tert: 6 IGE

Sowersy, G. B., Jun., Esq.

Descriptions of New Species of Lima . . . . . . . 23

Sowersy, G. B., Esq.

On New Species of Cyclostoma in the collection of H. Cu-

ming, Esq. . Sere cis. 2F

Descriptions ‘of New Species of Cyclostoma Satay ee edie «nh SO

Tuompson, Dr. J. B.

On a specimen of Chameleon. . . . . . .. . - 193

On Disease in the Inferior Animals. . . . . . . . 147

WarTeRHOUSE, Grorce R., Esq.

On various Species of Bats collected by H. Hh ie

in the Philippine Islands :

On a New Species of Megaderma ME eee ro rom 3h. CD

Witvicu, CuHar.es M., Esq. page

Letter from, on M. Gannal’s Method of Perey Animal

Substances. . .. %. . . 135

YARRELL, WILLIAM, Esq.

On a specimen of Puffinus obscurus . . . . . . . 70

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 10, 1848.

Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A portion of a letter from the Rev. W. C. Cotton, addressed to

Professor Owen, was read. ‘This letter is dated Waimate, near the

Bay of Islands, New Zealand, July 11, 1842, and the portion read

refers to the remains of a gigantic bird in New Zealand. The Rev.

Mr. Cotton observes, that upon meeting with the Rev. Mr. Wm.

Williams, whose missionary station is at the East Cape, Bay of

Islands, “1 spoke to him about the gigantic New Zealand Bird,

of which you described a single bone. Oddly enough, he hada

basket full of the bones in the next room, which he immediately

showed tome. He has sent two cases of them to Dr. Buckland,

together with a long letter, fully detailing the circumstances under

which they were found. I have no doubt but that he will ere this

have communicated the letter to you, that is, should it have safely

arrived. The bones are very perfect, not at all fossilized ; and have

been buried in the mud of freshwater streams communicating with high

mountains. Mr. Williams had bones of thirty different birds brought

to him in a short time after he set the natives about searching for

them. One of the largest leg-bones, which measures two feet ten

inches, and which has been sent to Dr. Buckland, leads him to think

that the bird must have been sixteen feet high! A clergyman who

came out in the Tomatia with us is going to be located in the Wairoa,

a river about seventy miles south of Poverty Bay, a locality in which

these bones have been found in the greatest plenty, and I will com-

mission him to save for me all he can in case you should not have

any in the distribution which Dr. Buckland is authorized by Mr.

Williams to make. No bones of the wings have been found. The

natives have some odd traditions about it, which you will see in the

letter. Strangely enough, after Mr. Williams had obtained the

bones, he heard of the bird as having been seen by two Englishmen

in the Middle Island. They were taken out by a native at night to

watch for the bird, which he had described to them ; they saw it, but

were so frightened that they did not dare to shoot at it, though they

Nos. CXX. & CXXI.—Procrzpines or THE Zoot. Soc,

had gone out expressly to do so. After this I should not be sur-

prised if the Zoological Society were to send out an army to take

the monster alive, for alive he most certainly is in my opinion.”

A paper was then read from M. Petit de la Saussaye, in which the

author describes the following new species of Shells, placed in his

hands for that purpose by Hugh Cuming, Esq. Among these, M.

Petit observes, are several which in his opinion form a new little

group, possessing well-marked characters, and which might be re-

garded as a subgenus, for which he proposes the name Hlasmatina*.

These shells, which are all terrestrial, form a portion of the great

family Helicide, and appear to be confined to certain islands in the

Pacific Ocean. They are of small size, transparent and fragile, and

their columella is always furnished at least with one tooth, and

sometimes with several teeth, The chief characters are thus ex-

pressed by the author :—

ELASMATINA.

Testa ovata, seu turrita, fragilis, pellucida ; columella uni- vel pluri-

dentata, dentibus lamelliformibus ; labrum tenue, acutum,

ExasmMatina susutata. Elasm. testd conico-elongatd, cylindraced,

pellucidd, dilute corned ; anfractibus decennis, convexis, suturd

lineari, impressd ; apice obtuso ; aperturd oblique obovatd ; colu-

melld dente lamelliformi intisque decurrente instructd ; labro tenui,

acuto. Long. 6 mill.; larg. 2 mill.

Hab. Island of Opara, Society Islands.

Found by Mr. Cuming in decayed grass.

Etasmatina Cuminerana. Elasm. testd ovato-conicd, pyramidatd,

pellucida, dilute corneo-fuscescente ; anfractibus 10-11, subplanu-

latis, ultimo subangulato; aperturd semilunari, angustatd ; colu-

melld biplicaté; plicd superiori obsolete lamelliformi ; inferiort

arcuatd, lamellosd ; labro tenui, acuto. Long. 6 mill.; larg, 3}

mill. .

Hab. Island of Juan Fernandez.

Found by Mr. Cuming on dried herbage.

Exasmatina Rectustana. lasm. testd oblongo-conicd, pellucida,

corneo-fuscescente ; anfractibus 9-10, planiusculis ; aperturd semi-

lunari; columella basi contorto-plicatd, plicd lamellosd; labro

tenui, acuto. Long. 5 mill.; larg. 2 mill.

Hab. Island of Mas afuera, coast of Chili.

Found by Mr. Cuming under moss in damp situations.

Erasmatina Gtososa. Elasm. testd ventricoso-conied, pellucidd,

luteo-virescente ; anfractibus 6-7, planiusculis, ultimo maximo,

ventricoso, pallidiore ; spird conico-acutd ; aperturd semilunari,

ringente; columella supra medium dente lamelliformi instructd,

* From gacoue, lamella,

dente subtis marginato, interdum duplicato, ad basim plicato, plicd

antice emarginatd robuste bilobato, lobo superiori ascendente, infe-

riort subhorizontali ; labro acuto. Long. 4 mill.; larg. 3 mill,

Hab. Island of Opara.

Found by Mr. Cuming under stones.

M. Petit also describes a new shell belonging to the genus Sca-

rabus :—

Scarapus Cumineianus. Scar. testd ovato-acutd, utroque latere

compressiusculd, sordid? fuscescente, longitudinaliter rugoso-

striatd, umbilicatd ; anfractibus novenis, planis ; spird conicd, late-

raliter interdum castaneo-maculatd ; aperturd longitudinali, mar-

garitaced, nitente ; columelld tridentata, dente superiori longitudi-

nali, antice truncato, dente mediano crasso, basi obsolete trilobato,

inferior: transverso, lamelliformi ; labro crasso, superne intits valde

sinuato, quinis dentibus instructo ; umbilico intis clauso. Long.

29 mill. ; larg. 20 mill.

Found by Mr. Cuming at Boljoon (island of Zebu), and at Tanhay,

island of Negros,

Mr. Fraser laid before the Meeting some new species of Birds

from Fernando Po, which he characterized as follows :—

SyLvicota surErciuiaris, Sylv. g corpore superiore, et lateribus

nitide olivaceis ; mento, guld, et abdomine medio sordide albis ; lined

a naribus super oculos, lined suboculari, plumis auricularibus,

humerorum margine, femoribus, crissoque splendide flavis ; spatio

inter oculos rictumque fusco ; rostro nigro, pedibus carneis.

Long. tot. 4 poll. ; rostri, 3; ale, 2; caude, 14; tarsi, 3,

Hab, Clarence, Fernando Po.

The whole of the upper surface and sides of the body, in this bird,

are of a bright olive colour; the chin, throat and centre of abdomen

are dirty white ; a yellow line runs from the nostril over the eye, and

there is a mark under the eye of the same colour; the ears, edge of

shoulders, thighs and under tail-coyerts are also bright yellow; the

space between the eye and the gape is brown; the bill is black and

the legs are flesh-colour.

Bucco sussuupuurevus. Buc. g corpore superiore nigro, strigd

superciliari, neenon lined frontali sub oculos, et per genas tendente,

sulphureis ; spatio strigis incluso nigro ; corpore inferiore, alarum

cauddque tectricibus, secundariis, sic et caudd flavo-marginatis ;

alarum tectricibus inferioribus flavido-albis ; iridibus corylaceis ;

rostro nigro, pedibus saturaté plumbeis.

Long. tot. 3% poll. ; rostri, $; ale, 2; caude, 11; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

The upper surface of the head and body is black; superciliary

stripe and one-across the forehead, which passes under the eye and

along the cheek, and the whole of the under surface, sulphureous ;

space between the superciliary and cheek stripes black ; upper wing

and tail-coverts, secondaries and tail, margined with yellow ; under

wing-coverts yellowish white ; irides hazel; bill black; legs deep

lead-colour.

This bird is like a Nuthatch in its habits, being capable of not

only running up the trunk of a tree with great agility, but of de-

scending also, head downwards, with equal or even more facility, an

act which the Woodpecker is, I believe, unable to perform. The tail

is short and very soft, and is not used in climbing. Like our Eu-

ropean Sitta, the downward position seems the most easy and natural.

Of the difference of sexes, if any, I am unable to speak, but I have

reason to believe the young of this genus differ considerably from

the adult*. The Buccos are stupid and inactive; I have shot three

or four from the same tree, one after the other, without disturbing

the rest.

Muscirera (Tcuirrea, Less.) tR1coLor. Musc. 2 cristd, et mento

nitide nigris; corpore superiore cinereo; inferiore rufo, rostro

pedibusque pallidé ceruleis ; caudd ?

Long. tot. —? poll. ; rostri, 13; ale, 31; caude, —? ; tarsi, §.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po (June) ; in deep moult.

Hatcyon tevcocaster. Hale. 6 vertice nigro, et ceruleo alter-

natim fasciato, notd grandi rufo ab utrdque nari oriente et mandi-

bule inferioris basim circumdante, necnon aures, et capitis latera,

exinde super oculos tendente, et per latera colli corporisque sic et

alarum tectrices ductad; dorso splendidé ceruleo, quo colore tec-

trices alarum marginate, ale, caudaque lavate sunt, guld, pectore

et abdomine in medio albis ; rostro pedibusque rubris.

Long. tot. 53 poll. ; rostri, 13; ale, 21; caude, 14; tarsi, ;4.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po.

Crown of the head alternately banded with blue and black ; from

each nostril commences a large patch of rufous, which envelopes the

base of the lower mandible, ears, and sides of the head, forms a broad

stripe over the eye, and extends along the sides of the neck and body,

and also over the under wing-coverts ; the back is ultramarine blue ;

the upper wing-coverts are tipped, and the wings and tail glossed

with the same hue; the throat and the centre of the chest and abdo-

men are white ; bill and feet red.

* T have in my collection young specimens of a species of Bucco, nearly

allied to the above, and in which the body is much spotted and barred, as

we so frequently find it in young birds, and wants the decided colouring

characteristic of the adults of the present genus. These young birds I feel

no doubt constitute a new species, but with such imperfect materials I do

not think it desirable to impose a name. The plumage is very soft and

loose; the upper parts of the body are of a blackish colour; the crown of

the head is adorned with numerous small yellow spots, and the feathers of

the back and rump are margined with yellow, giving a barred appearance

to these parts; the wing-coverts are narrowly edged with dirty yellow; the

under parts of the body are pale inclining to white, but as it were irregu-

larly washed with yellow; the beak is horn-coloured, and the feet are black.

These young birds were shot on naked isolated trees.

This beautiful species is very closely allied to the Halcyon cyanotis,

Sw., but may at once be distinguished by the centre of the abdomen

being white, which circumstance suggested the name. It is a shy

bird.

Mr. Lovell Reeve then communicated a paper by Sylvanus Han-

ley, Esq., in which the author describes, subjoined, five new species

of shells belonging to the genus Donaz, a group of Acephalous Mol-

lusks.

Donax sEmisutcaTa. Don. testa abbreviato-cuneiformi, totd albido-

lutescente, nitidd, posticé attenuata, levigatd, margine dorsali valde

declivi ; anticé brevissimd, truncatd, transversim sulcatd et longi-

tudinaliter striatd ; margine anteriore subrecto; vulva decussatd,

lateribus subangulatd ; intis margine crenulato.

Long. 2 poll. ; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Stainforth, Metcalfe, Hanley, &c.

A very distinctly characterized shell, which bears little resemblance

to any other species of this genus, with the exception of the strami-

nea of Schreetter. That rare and almost forgotten shell differs from

ours in the following particulars. The shape is altogether more

rounded, the ventral edge less arcuated, the edges of the anterior

slope rounded, and its transverse striz obsolete. Moreover the

posterior margin is entire.

Donax puncrato-str1aTa. Don. testd subtriangulari, valde con-

vead, pallide livido-fuscd, radiatim punctato-striatd, margine dor-

sali utrinque valde declivi, ventrali medio arcuato ; vulva longitu-

dinaliter argut? striatd, lateribus obtusis ; intis purpurea, margini-

bus dentatis ; dentibus lateralibus in utrdque valvuld duabus.

Long. # poll. ; lat. 14 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Stainforth, Metcalfe, Hanley, &c.

Combining the outline of the striata of Linneus (not Chemnitz)

with the dotted striz of denticulata, this shell may nevertheless be

easily distinguished from either by the obtuse edge of its anterior

slope. The inner margin is strongly dentated, excepting at the an-

terior slope, where it is finely crenulated. I believe that it is found

on the shores of China, but will not venture to assign it that or any

other locality.

Donax carinata. Don. testdé elongato-cuneiformi, antice acumi-

natd, convexd, purpureo-fuscd, striis longitudinalibus magis mi-

nusve distinctis ornatd (sepe politd, radiisque saturatioribus

obsolete depictd) ; vulvd oblique truncatd, lateribus carinatd, feré

planulatd, striisque subgranulatis radiatd ; intts purpured, denti-

bus lateralibus in utrdque valvuld duobus, marginibus crenatis.

Long. # poll. ; lat. 12 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Stainforth, Metcalfe.

A species peculiarly characterized by the very sharp and subros-

trated angle formed by the ventral edge with the nearly straight

edge of the depressed and sharply carinated anterior slope. In the

majority of specimens the striz have become obsolete and the shell

brilliantly polished. The general outline bears some little resem-

blance to that of the true ¢runculus of Linnzeus, a very different shell

from that erroneously but universally so designated by those who

have written on British conchology.

Donax pventiFERA. Don. testd abbreviato-subtriangulari, posticeé

rotundatd, antice obtusd et tumidd, rugis tenuissimis strias longi-

tudinales anticé decussantibus ; vulud subbiangulatd, striis tenuibus

subgranulatis radiatd, sulcoque dentifero notatd ; margine ventrali

vie arcuato ; dentibus cardinalibus et lateralibus in utrdque valvuld

duobus ; intis marginibus crenatis.

Long. 14 poll. ; lat. 12 poll.

Hab. 5

The abbreviated shape of this remarkable shell would alone sepa-

rate it from most of the Donaces possessing a crenulated margin.

The extraordinary tooth at the extremity of the radiating groove in

one valve, which fits into a corresponding notch at the extremity of

that of the other, is however its more prominent characteristic. A

few teeth show themselves likewise at the extremity of the longitu-

dinal elevated strie which margin the anterior slope.

The colouring is extremely variable, being uniform flesh-colour,

olive-yellow, with the umbones violet, or even white. ‘The interior

rivals the exterior in the diversity of its tints.

Donax puLcHELLA. Don. testd transversim elongatd, convexd, pel-

lucidd, politd, postice attenuata, productd, antice brevi ; obtusd,

margine ligamentali valde convead ; albidd, striis longitudinalibus

obsoletis anticeque radiis purpureis angustis tribus ornatd ; vulvd

lateribus rotundatd, striisque tenuibus radiatd ; margine ventrali

subrectd, intis crenulatd ; dentibus lateralibus valde approximatis.

Long. } poll. ; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. West Indies.

An exceedingly common species from the West Indies, which,

from its apparent similarity with the scalpellum of Gray, has hitherto

remained uncharacterized. Its peculiarly transverse shape, its

breadth being considerably more than twice its length, sufficiently

distinguishes it from any of the named species of this genus, with the

exception of the Oweniti and scalpellum, from which it is separated

by its greater convexity and its distinctive colouring.

Mr. Hanley also describes a new species of Mya of Linneus and

Lamarck :—

Mya semistriAta. Mya testd ovato-oblongd, subequilaterali, ventri-

cosd, postice rotundatd, antice subtruncatd et attenuatd, candida,

tenui, pellucidd, longitudinaliter striatd ; striis tenuibus, confertis,

antice elevatis ; ared posticd striarum eaperte, transversim rugosd ;

dente cardinali obliquo.

Long. 2 poll.; lat. 1 poll.

Hab. ? Mus. Metcalfe.

A single valve, in the cabinet of W. Metcalfe, Esq., is the sole

specimen of this elegant and distinct shell I have ever beheld, and

forms a welcome addition to a genus possessing so few species as

that of Mya. Its distinct radiating strie occupying all but the pos-

terior surface (which is roughened by concentric sublamellar wrin-

kles), prevent the possibility of its being confounded with any other

species, except the cancellata of Conrad. But the coarse transverse

wrinkles which cover the entire surface of that shell are totally

wanting in ours, whilst its radiating striz are few, indistinct, and by

no means its prominent characteristic.

The anterior attenuation is caused by the sloping upwards of the

ventral edge. The tooth closely resembles that of arenaria, but is

more oblique.

January 24, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Professor Owen exhibited various bones, being the remains of a

gigantic Struthious Bird (Dinornis Nove-Zealandie, Owen) which

has become extinct in the North Island of New Zealand, and pro-

ceeded to read his notes relating to them.

“Since the communication to the Zoological Society, Jan. 10th,

1843, of the letter of the Rev. Mr. Cotton, relative to the remains

of the gigantic bird of New Zealand which had been collected in

the North Island by the Rev. Wm. Williams, one of the boxes of

these remains, transmitted by that gentleman to Prof. Buckland, has

been received, and the specimens have been kindly placed in my

hands for description.

“« An entire femur, somewhat larger than that of which the shaft

is described and figured in the Society’s Transactions, proves the

specific identity of the present remains with the fragment, upon which

I ventured to affirm, three years ago*, that a large Struthious Bird

‘of a heavier and more sluggish species than the Ostrich’ had re-

cently become extinct, if it were not still living, in New Zealand.

“The femur has very nearly the same proportions of thickness to

length as in the Ostrich, but the shaft is less compressed ; it conse-

quently differs from that of the Apteryx in being shorter in propor-

tion to its thickness ; but it resembles the femur of the Apteryx, and

differs from that of the Ostrich and Emeu in the important character

of the absence of the air-hole at the back part of the neck, and the

consequent substitution of marrow for air in the interior of the bone.

It differs from the femur of the Ostrich, and agrees with that of the

Apteryx, in the greater width of the anterior interspace of the con-

dyles; but it differs from that of the Apteryx, not only in size and

general proportions, but also in the form of the distal extremity,

which has a deeper posterior intercondyloid depression, and a sharper

and more produced posterior part of the outer condyle.

«The length of the above femur of the great bird of New Zealand

is eleven inches; the circumference of the middle of the shaft five

and a half inches: but the present collection includes the shaft of a

femur of another individual, with a circumference of seven and a

half inches.

«The most perfect tibia in the present collection measures two feet

four and a half inches in length, and apparently corresponds in pro-

portion with the fragment of the larger femur. Now allowing that

femur fourteen inches of entire length, the tibia is then twice the

* The memoir was communicated to the Zoological Society November

12th, 1839, vol. iii. p. 32. pl. 3.

length of the femur, while in the Apteryx the tibia is only one-

third longer than the femur. The larger Struthionide, as the Os-

trich and Emeu, more nearly resemble the great New Zealand Bird

in the proportion of their tibia, but it is not quite twice the length

of the femur in those species. The tibia of the great New Zealand

Bird differs from that of the Apteryx and all the large Struthionide

in the complete osseous canal for the passage of an extensor tendon

in the anterior concavity above the distal condyles. This osseous

canal is commonly found in the tibia of the Gralle, Galline, Anseres,

and many smaller birds. The proportion of length to thickness of

the tibia is nearly the same in the Ostrich and the great New Zea-

land Bird ; the circumference of the tibia at its proximal end, in the

latter, is fifteen inches; at its middle, five inches.

“« The most instructive bone in the present collection is a tarso-

metatarsal bone, with the distal extremity entire, showing that the

gigantic bird was tridactyle, like the Emeu, Rhea, and Cassowary.

The remains of the proximal end of the bone prove it to have been

articulated with a tibia about an eighth part shorter than the one

above described, or to a tibia about two feet in length; the length of

the tarso-metatarsal bone is one foot, or half the length of the tibia,

which is exactly the proportion which the tarso-metatarsal bone of

the Apteryx bears to the tibia. In the Emeu the tarso-metatarsal

bone is as large as the tibia; in the Ostrich it is a little shorter than

the tibia. The difference in the proportions of the tarso-metatarsal

bone of the gigantic bird of New Zealand and of the Emeu will be

obvious from the following dimensions :—

Dinornis. Dromaius.

Tarso- metatarsal bone. in: lin: in. lin.

ST Pe NET ot i [Ae riag 12 0 14 6

Circumference of middle ...... 4 5 2 8

Breadth of distal end.......... 3 10 oF TO

“The comparative shortness and strength of the trifid metatarsal

of the gigantic New Zealand Bird form its most striking resemblance

to the Apteryx, to which it thus approximates more closely than to

any of the large existing Struthionide.

“The proportions of the leg-bones, their denser texture, especially

that of the femur, which, as in the Apteryx, contains no air, suffi-

ciently indicate the generic distinction of the great New Zealand

Bird from the tridactyle Emeu, Rhea, or Cassowary. The questions

then arise,—is it likewise generically distinct from the Apterye ? or is

it a gigantic species of that genus? These questions are determined

by the tarso-metatarsal bone. The Apteryx is distinguished from

the other Struthionide not more by its elongated bill than by the

presence of a fourth small toe on the inner and back part of the foot,

articulated toa slightly elevated rough surface of the tarso-metatarsal

about a fourth of the length of that bone from its trifid distal end.

There is no trace of this articular surface on the tarso-metatarsal of

the Gigantic Bird, which was consequently tridactyle, as in the Emeu,

Rhea, and Cassowary. The Dodo was tetradactyle, like the Apteryx;

the shorter proportions of the legs of the Dodo also distinguish it

from the Gigantic Bird, whose career in the North Island of New Zea-

land was probably closed about the same period as that of the Dodo’s

existence in the Isle of Rodriguez,

“The fragments of the pelvis prove this to have been relatively

broader, behind the acetabula, than in the Ostrich, Emeu, or Apte-

ryx, its proportions being more like those of the Bustard.

“The results of the foregoing comparisons justify the, reference of

the Great Bird of New Zealand to a distinct genus in the Struthious

order, for which I propose the name Dinornis, with the specific ap-

pellation Nove Zealandie.

*“« The extraordinary size of the tibia above described—still more

that of the tibia said to measure two feet ten inches in length, ob-

tained by Mr. W. Williams, and mentioned in his letter to Dr. Buck-

land—prove the Dinornis of New Zealand to be the most gigantic

of known birds. There is little probability that it will ever be found,

whether living or extinct, in any other part of the world than the

islands of New Zealand, or parts adjacent. At all events, the Dinor-

nis Nove Zealandie will always remain one of the most extraordinary

of the zoological facts in the history of those islands ; and it may not

be saying too much to characterize it as one of the most remarkable

acquisitions to Zoology in general which the present century has pro-

duced.”

Mr. Ogilby then communicated his descriptions of two new spe-

cies of Baboon :—

“When at Frankfort in the year 1837 I saw in the museum of

that city two Baboons of the genus Cynocephalus, which my friend

Dr. Riippell had brought from Abyssinia. They were however con-

founded with the ‘ Babouin’ of the French authors (C. sphinw), under

which name they are noticed in the ‘ Neue Wirbelthiere’ ; and though

I was too well acquainted with that species, from having frequently

seen an individual then living in the Surrey Zoological Gardens, to

fall into the same error, I yet committed the similar mistake of con-

founding the Frankfort animals with C. anubdis, of which there was

no specimen at hand to compare them with. Since that time I have

had frequent opportunities of observing the latter species, which is

an inhabitant of the coast of Guinea, and not uncommon in our mu-

seums and menageries; but it is only within the last few days that

the acquisition of a fine adult male specimen of Dr. Riippell’s animal

by the Zoological Society has enabled me to compare them together,

and to ascertain their specific distinction. Both species are now

living in the Society’s Gardens, and offer a rare and valuable oppor-

tunity for studying their characters.

“The Abyssinian species, which was reported to have been

brought from Bombay, but which had no doubt been carried thither

on board some vessel trading to the Red Sea, possesses a higher de-

gree of interest than attaches to any other Cynocephal. With the

exception of C. hamadryas, it is the only known species in that part

of Africa, and must consequently have been the animal which we find

so frequently figured among the hieroglyphics, and which was wor-

shiped by the Egyptians under the name of Thoth. I have shown

elsewhere (Nat. Hist. of Monkeys, &c., i. 431) that the Sacred

Baboon of the Egyptians was not the C. hamadryas, as supposed by

Ehrenberg; and though, from the mistake above alluded to, I was

at that time inclined to identify it with C. anubis, there can now be

no reasonable doubt that the animal which played so important a

part in the mythology of that remarkable people, and of whose wor-

ship the city of Hermopolis was the principal seat, must have been

the species at present under consideration. If this conjecture be

well-founded, it follows also that the names cynocephalus, sphina, &c.,

so often employed by Greek and Roman writers, must have referred

to the same animal, at least originally ; but as modern zoologists have

applied all these names in a definite sense, I propose to distinguish

the new species by the equally appropriate designation which it bore

among the ancient Egyptians.

«« Cynocephalus Thoth—The individual from which this description

was taken is an old male of large size, and, like the rest of his con-

geners, of a morose intractable disposition. The face is broad and

of a dirty livid flesh-colour, lighter along the centre and ridge of the

nose, and somewhat browner on the cheeks and muzzle ; the cheek-

bones are protuberant, the rostrum truncated, and the extremity of

the nose reaching, but not surpassing, the plane of the upper lip and

teeth. The hair of the fore-quarters is longer and thicker than on

the rest of the body, though it does not form so dense or copious a

mane as in C. hamadryas. The colour of the upper and outer parts

of the body may be described as dark olive-green, and that of the

lower and interior as light yellowish green; the breast, throat and

under part of the chin are silvery grey ; the lower parts of the whis-

kers are of the same colour, but they acquire a yellowish green shade

as they approach and become intermixed with the hair of the head;

the ears and palms of the hands are naked, and of a dark brown

colour; the callosities very large and flesh-coloured, and the naked

parts of the hips on each side of the callosities of a deep purple or

violet-brown ; the scrotum is brown, and the sheath of the penis

flesh-coloured. . The tail is of medium length, without a terminal

tuft, and carried in the arched manner common to the rest of the

genus. The hind surfaces of the legs and thighs are furnished with

long hair of a yellowish brown shade; the hands are of the same

colour as the body, but the hind fingers are covered with longish

grey hairs, and this character, together with the dark purple colour

of the naked hips and brown scrotum, will always be sufficient to

distinguish the present species from C. anubis and C. sphina, in both

of which the naked parts of the buttocks are of a brilliant blood-red,

and the scrotum pale flesh-colour. In colour indeed C. Thoth ap-

proaches more nearly to C. sphin than to C. anubis; it has the same

light silvery grey colour on the whiskers and under part of the body,

but the upper colours are more obscure ; the bright yellowish green

is replaced by sordid dunnish brown, and the proportions of the two

animals are entirely different, the long slender limbs and body of the

sphinx contrasting strongly with the massive thick-set form of the

present species.

«There is likewise in the Society’s Gardens a second undescribed

species of Cynocephal, of which I remember to have formerly seen a

specimen in Wombwell’s collection, but unfortunately neglected to

take a note of it at the time. The individual which I am now about

to describe was brought from the Niger Expedition, and presented

to the Society by Lieutenant Webb, R.N. It is a semiadult male,

of medium size, covered on every part of the body, both above and

below, with long shaggy hair of a deep russet-brown colour, each

hair being annulated with rusty-brown and black rings; and I may

remark, that this and C. anubis are the only species in which I have

observed that the hair of the breast and belly are similarly annulated,

and almost as thickly furnished as that on the back and sides; the

whiskers are likewise bushy, of the same colour as the hair of the

back, and similarly annulated ; but it should be observed, that from

the very dark shade of the colours the annuli are but little conspicu-

ous anywhere. The face is more slender and tapering than in any

other male Cynocephal that I have ever seen; the cheek-bones are

but little prominent, but the nose sensibly surpasses the extremity

of the muzzle. The face and space surrounding the eyes are black

or dark brown, the upper eyelids alone flesh-coloured; the ears and

palms of the hands, as are likewise the upper sides of the fingers, the

scrotum, callosities, and naked parts of the buttocks, are of the same

colour. The hair of the head, whiskers and fore-parts generally is

erect and bushy, and completely conceals the ears. This species is

allied to C. anubis, but differs from it in the colour of the hair, in the

absence of the light flesh-coloured circle about the eyes, and in the

dark brown instead of blood-red colour of the callosities and naked

parts of the buttocks. I propose to distinguish it by the name of

C. choras, a name which is applied to this or some other species of

Baboon on the west coast of Africa, and which has a sufficiently

classical form to escape the censure of barbarism, notwithstanding

its origin.”

Descriptions of four new species of Conus, a genus of Pectinibran-

chiate Mollusks, by Mr. Lovell Reeve, were then read.

1. Conus Stainrortuit. Con. testd conico-turbinatd, leviter fleru-

osd, albidd, rubro purpureoque tinctd, ad basin rosaced ; granosd,

granis minutis, rubido carneove-albis, in seriebus equidistantibus

parallelis transversaliter dispositis ; spird mediocriter convead, tu-

berculis aspersis regulariter coronatd ; apice mucronato, symmetrice

acuto ; aperturd subinflatd, labro solidiusculo, intis extisque albo.

Conch. Icon. pl. 1 ae

The richly variegated purple painting of this new and very beau-

tiful shell (which I dedicate to its fortunate possessor), and the

rows of light small granular pimples standing out in relief, render

it eminently characteristic. There is another specimen in Mr. Cu-

ming’s collection.

Hab. Unknown.

2. Conus xtienarius. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, luteo-fuscd,

fusco indistinct? bifasciatd, longitudinaliter subtilissime striatd,

filis tenuissimis rubellis densissime cingulatd ; basi striata ; spird

planiusculd, apice elato, acuto.

Conch. Icon. pl. 15.

This shell, which is of an uniform brown colour, profusely corded

and lined, both transversely and longitudinally, was found by Mr.

Cuming on mud-banks just below low-water mark at Port Sacloban,

Island of Leyte, Philippines.

3. Conus mMaeniricus. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, obesd,

anfractibus superne rotundatis, spird levi, subacuminatd, apice

valde obtuso; rosaced, lineis ovato-trigonis, lacco aut purpureo-

rubris, usquequaque reticulatd, maculis perpaucis grandissimis bi-

fasciatim cinctd.

Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 32.

This beautiful shell, which always exhibits a warm rosaceous tint,

was collected by Mr. Cuming at Matnog, Island of Lucon, Philip-

pines.

4. Conus Neprunus. Con. testd elongato-conicd, spird acuminatd,

striatd, apice acuto; pallide carneold, lineis maculisque rubidis

ubique nebulosd et venosd ; versus basin leviter sulcatd, sulcis sub-

distantibus ; columella et aperture fauce subrosaced.

Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 30.

Hab. Jacna, Island of Bohol.

The delicate marking of this gem approaches so nearly to that of

the Conus gloria-maris, that we honour it with as noble a title.

wae rat eR,

iA Pie vee A as

Deena: ipa ty iit stow atl’ Fhe

Pa ecmpeoti’ AO

Se 1. “Beaten

SAGE

Pak yi

—

he zh on ried ale aa tes Gh y

a: Sala ale Me Mow

ean).

ie mai ite ae

TT GN dan:

ita ih! re

fies aah NF

February 14, 1848.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A Letter from James Brooke, Esq., Corresponding Member, was

read, in which that gentleman begs to present to the Society the

whole of the zoological specimens he has from time to time forwarded

to England, A portion of this extensive collection, which was formed

by Mr. Brooke chiefly at Borneo and Sincapore, was laid before the

Meeting.

Mr, Gould exhibited and characterized the followmg two new

species of Birds, from the collection formed by Capt, Sir Edward

Belcher, R.N., during the voyage of Her Majesty’s Ship ‘ Sulphur.’

PreRocLossus ERYTHROPYGIUS. Pt. vertice, facie, mento, et dorso

superiore nitid? virescenti-nigris ; alis cauddque sordide fusce-

scenti-viridibus ; dorso inferiore, uropygio, et caude tectricibus

splendid? sanguineis ; corpore inferiore flavo, pectore superiore

sanguineo tincto, inferiore vittd coloribus nigro et sanguineo com-

miatis, fasciato.

Crown of the head, sides of the face, chin, and upper part of the

back shining greenish black; wings and tail dull brownish green ;

lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts shining blood-

red ; under surface yellow, stained on the chest with blood-red, and

crossed on the breast by a band of mingled black and blood-red ; bill

bordered at the base by a narrow line of dull white; the remainder

of the bill yellowish horn colour, with a broad stripe of black along

the upper mandible near the cutting edge, and the tip of the under

mandible black ; feet greenish black.

Total length, 18 inches; bill, 5; wing, 61; tail, 74; tarsi, 1i.

Prerocies personatus. Pt. plumis a basi rostri, usque ad oculos,

intens? nigris ; capitis reliquis partibus, collo, et pectore arenaceo-

cervinis, non sine tincturd vinosd ad basim colli; dorso vinoso-

Fusco; caude tectricibus pallide fuscis, notis irregularibus cervinis

per plumas in lineis obliquis ordinatis, crebre guttatis,

Femina facie nigra caret.

Male.—Feathers surrounding the base of the bill, as far as the

eyes, deep velvety black ; remainder of the head, as well as the neck

and chest, sandy buff, tinged with vinous at the base of the neck,

both above and below; back vinous brown; wings sandy buff, the

coverts tipped with dark brown, which colour forms three semicir-

cular fascize across the wing; primaries and secondaries dark brown,

the latter marked irregularly with sandy buff on the basal half of

their outer margins ; rump and upper tail-coverts light brown, with

No, CXXI.—Procrepines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY,

numerous irregular marks of buff, arranged in oblique lines down

the length of the feathers ; tail-feathers deep brown, crossed on their

outer webs with decided, and on the inner with irregular, bars of buff,

all the feathers largely tipped with buffy white, all the under sur-

face crossed with small bars of dark brown, light brown, and buff;

under tail-coverts sandy buff.

The female differs in not having the black face, in having all the

upper as well as the under surface of the body barred, like the latter

part in the male; the wings numerously barred with brown, and the

under tail-coverts sandy red.

Total length, 13 inches ; bill, 2; wing, 84; tail, 4; tarsi, 1.

Mr. Fraser laid before the Meeting eight new species of Birds

from Western Africa, which he thus characterizes :—

Cotturio Smita. Coll. supern? niger, plumis scapularibus, guttd

apud primarias, secundariarum nonnullarum apicibus sic et cor-

pore subtis, rectricumque caude quatuor externarum apicibus,

albis ; rostro pedibusque nigris.

Long. tot. 8 poll. ; rostri, ¢; ale, 34; caude, 44; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Cape Coast.

This species is named in honour of Dr. Smith, the author of the

‘Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa.’

Drymorca MentaLis. Drym. supra fusca, primariis ad marginem

pallidioribus, subtis rufescens, fronte genisque rufo-castaneis, guld

et lined angustd superciliari albis ; lined angustd nigrd inter gulam

albam, genasque castaneas ; caudé?; rostri mandibuld superiore

nigrd, inferiore corned ; tarsis flavis.

Long. tot.? poll.; rostri, 2; ale, 22; caude, ?; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Accra.

Drymorca Strancer. Drym. supra fusca, strigd superciliari et

corpore subtis albis; rectricibus caude subtis saturate cinereis,

guttd nigrd prope apices, apicibus albis.

Long. tot. 5} poll.; rostri, 2; ala, 44; caude, 2; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Accra.

“TJ have ventured to name this species after Lieut, J. N. (now

Commander) Strange, R.N., to whom I was indebted for kindness

and assistance throughout the whole term of the expedition.”

Drymorca LATERALIS. Drym. supra fusca, lateribus cinerascenti-

bus, subtis alba, femoribus rufis, rectricibus caude subtis satu-

rate cinereis, guttd nigrd prope apices, apicibus albis.

Long. tot. 53 poll.; rostri, 2; ale, 23; caude, 2; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Cape Palmas.

Differt a Drym. Strangei corpore supra saturatiore, lateribus cine-

reis, cauda magis gradata, cum colore albo apicali magis circum-

scripto, et obscuriore.

Drymorca ruricaPitta. Drym. & vertice rufo, corpore supra sa-

turate fusco, corpore toto inferiore et guld albis, dimidio femorum

inferiore rufo; caudd ut in D. laterali, at magis gradatd ; rostro

nigro.

Long. tot. 63 poll. ; rostri, 3; ale, 24; caude, 25; tarsi, .

Hab. River Nin, Western Africa.

This species differs from others of the genus here described in

having the white of the under parts extending to the nostrils, a ru-

fous crown to the head, and a black beak. It was shot near the

mouth of the above-mentioned river in the month of August.

Drymoica rurA. Drym. supra rufa, subtis sordide flava, rostro

tarsisque flavis.

Hab River Quorra, opposite Iddah.

Drymorca RuFocunaris. Drym. 2 supra fuliginosé fusca, leviter

viridi tincta ; guld pectoreque rufescentibus ; abdomine, tectricibus

alarum inferioribus et caudd utringue rectricibus tribus externis

albis; rostro supra nigro, subtis flavo ; tarsis carneis, iridibus

pallide rufescenti-fuscis.

Long. tot. 3? poll. ; rostri, 4; ale, 13; caude, 12; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po. x

Drymoica vropyGiaLis. Drym. supra fusca, singulis plumis pal-

lidiore marginatis, strigd superciliari et corpore subtis albis, late-

ribus et femoribus levitér rufo-lavatis, uropygio subrufo; caudd

saturate fuscd, fascid perpallide rufa, alterd nigra, et apice albo,

rostro fusco, tarsis flavis. .

Long. tot. 4 poll. ; rostri, 3; ale, 2; caudz, 13; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Accra.

A series of Shells were laid before the Meeting, upon which Mr.

Hinds observed that they constituted the first portion of a collection

which it is proposed, from time to time, to bring under the notice of

the Society. The collection was made by Captain Sir Edward Bel-

cher, R.N., C.B., during the late voyage of Her Majesty’s Ship

‘Sulphur,’ aided by the cooperation of Mr, Hinds, the surgeon of

the vessel ; and it is the intention to publish them in a collected form

in the forthcoming ‘ Zoology of the Sulphur,’ with copious illustra-

tions of everything of novelty or interest. The following descrip-

tions are by Mr. Hinds :—

_ Tricuorroris, Brod. et Sow.

_Tricnorroris caNceLLata. Tri. testd oblongd ; anfractibus senis,

rotundatis, costatis, valde cancellatis; costis setosis; anfractu

ultimo infrd subplanulato ; suturd profundd ; aperturd rotundatd,

ad basin truncatd; umbilico parvo lineari, labio inferno feré oc-

culto. Axis 8 lin.

Hab. Sitka, North-west America. Dredged in the harbour from

a sandy bottom, in from five to seven fathoms, together with T.

inermis.

Shell oblong, the spire more produced than in TY. bicarinata; the

whorls separated by a deep suture, profoundly cancellated; many

keeled, and furnished on the lines of the striz of increase with nu-

merous short bristles at regular intervals. The aperture is rounded,

and truncated at the base; the canal so short as scarcely to exist.

Umbilicus small, and somewhat concealed by the inner lip, which is

slightly developed.

Three specimens are in the collection, and one, being a dead shell

and deprived of its epidermis, shows very distinctly the deep cancel-

lation of the whorls. A single specimen, and larger by two lines, is

in the possession of Mr. Cuming, who obtained it with some shells

from the north-west coast of America, the measurement of which I

have adopted.

TricHOTROPIS INERMIS. Tri. testd ovatd, soliduld; anfractibus

quaternis rotundatis, multicostatis, longitudinaliter levissim?_stri-

atis; costulis subequalibus, planulatis, inermibus ; aperturd oblongd,

canali brevi desinente ; umbilico mediocri ; labio interno producto.

Axis 7} lin.

Hab. Sitka, North-west America. Obtained in company with the

preceding.

In shape and outline this shell approaches T. borealis. It will be

readily distinguished from any hitherto known species by the absence

of armature on the epidermis, in which we lose sight in the instance

before us of one of the characters of the genus. The whorls are

rounded and separated, as in the other species, by a deep suture.

The last whorl is remarkable for the strong ridges which it bears at

rather distant intervals, marking the termination or commencement

of the periodical stages of growth.

In the method of formation of the canal there is a close affinity in

this shell to some Cancellaria, particularly in the angular-mouthed

species, and the affinity is extended to the character of the whorls and

their connexion by the suture.

TricuoTropPis FLAvIDA. Tri. testd oblongd, tenui; spird elatd ;

anfractibus septenis tricostatis, ultimo inferné quadricostato ; epi-

dermide pallid corned indutd ; aperturd angulatd, ad basin oblique

truncata; canalt brevissimo ; umbilico parvo, lineari. Axis 8 lin.

Hab. ?

Allied to T. cancellata, but is a more delicate and elongated shell ;

and the epidermis, though having some shreds attached to it, is

destitute of the bristled armature. A single specimen is in the col-

lection of Mr. Cuming, without any history.

Typruis, Montfort.

Typuis quapratus. Typ. testa subquadratd, fuscd vel albidd, lineis

pallidis transversis ; quadrifariam varicosd; varicibus crassis,

acutis, ad spiram commiztis, superné nodulosis, in spinis appressis

desinentibus ; tubulis subrectis vel deorsim inclinatis ; canali me-

diocri laterali. Axis 11 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya and the Bay of Guayaquil. Dredged from a

muddy bottom in from seven to eighteen fathoms.

Allied to Typhis Sowerbii, but distinguished from it by its squarish

shape, thick and nodulous varices, closely appressed spines, and the

decided lateral direction of the canal.

Typuis arcuatus. Typ. testd corned, fusiformi ; quadrifariam va-

ricosd ; varicibus arcuatis, inermibus, ad spiram bene distinctis,

superne in tubulis desinentibus ; tubulis complanatis, ascendentibus ;

canali mediocri recurvo. Axis 5} lin.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Dredged on the L’Agulhas Bank in

from forty to fifty-four fathoms.

Shell fusiform, of a horn-colour; the varices arcuate, terminating

in the tube, and ascending the spire even to the apex, giving ita

pyramidal shape. The character of the bowed spineless varices is

peculiar, and altogether it is a very distinct species.

Typuis nitens. Typ. testd ovali, albidd, levigatd, nitidd ; quadri-

fariam varicosd ; varicibus acutis in spinis excentricis desinentibus ;

tubulis rectis ; canali brevi recurvo. Axis 4 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar, Indian Archipelago. Dredged from

among gravel and coral in eighteen fathoms.

Looking from the apex, the spines and tubes will be seen to be

disposed in an elegant spiral manner about the spire. It is the first

species, as far as I am acquainted, that has hitherto been found in

the Indian seas, and is at the same time the smallest yet recorded.

A communication from Prof. Owen was read, proposing to substi-

tute the name Dinornis* for that of Megalornis, applied to the Great

Bird of New Zealand in his paper read at the previous Meeting. The

change is rendered desirable, to prevent confusion in nomenclature,

Mr. G. Gray having previously used the term Megalornis for a genus

of Birds in his ‘ List of the Genera,’ &c.

* From dees, prodigious, and deus, bird. This change in the name has

been made in the paper referred to whilst passing through the press.

-20

February 28, 1843.

William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair.

A letter from J. E. Gray, Esq., addressed to Mr. Waterhouse, was

read, containing an account of two new species of Bats, a species of

the family Hystricide, and a new Manis.

The two specimens of Bats to which Mr. Gray’s observations

refer, are from Hayti, and were presented to the Society by J. N.

Tweedy, Esq., Corresponding Member.

One, Mr. Gray observes, constitutes a second species of the genus

Chilonycteris, which he had founded upon some specimens brought

from Cuba by W.S. Macleay, Esq.*, and agrees in almost every

particular with Chilonycteris MacLeayi, but differs from the three

specimens of that species contained in the collection of the British

Museum in being of a much darker colour, and in having the ears

larger and rather narrower. The principal characters are as follows :—

CurLonycTeErts FuLieinosus. Chi. supra fuliginosus, fusco-tinctus,

subtis fuscescens, guld femoribusque ad basin rufescentibus ; au-

ribus elongatis, attenuatis, acutis.

unc. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostriad caude basin .. 1 8

(ARIST INR abit lace, Pty okt Setar reine tnd OE RU

Fy Nal git aN ese mes cays te ope 0 52

GAOL ACHE Sects ee oe oe ce ges 1

Alaprm arp pltnda re soi. + «ie so eo ole apne © 8 10

Hab. Hayti.

The second species, Mr. Gray remarks, is more interesting, since

it proves to be a new genus, readily characterized by the size and

structure of the ears, and the length of the tail. It agrees most

nearly with the genus Macrophyllum, but differs from it in having

the last joint of the tail produced beyond the edge of the large trun-

cated interfemoral membrane; the tail in the species of the genus

last mentioned only extending to the edge of the membrane. An-

other important difference consists in the large size of the ears and

their union on the upper surface of the head—a character which is

the more remarkable, since it affords an exception to the rule which

has hitherto been general, viz. that the Bats with a simple nose-leaf

(Phyllostomina), which are inhabitants of the New World, have the

ears separate and confined to the sides of the head, whilst those

found in the Old World have them united as in this genus from

Hayti, which thus unites the Glossophagine genera of this tribe with

the Rhinopome of India and Africa. The large size of the ears sug-

gests for this genus the name ,

* See Annals and Magazine of Natural History, vol. iv. p. 4.

Macrotus.

Ears large, lateral, slightly plaited, united over the head by a rather

high transverse membrane. ‘Tragus elongate, acute ; lobule broad

and divided from the conch by a slight nick. Nose-leaf lanceolate,

erect; the front margin distinct. Lower lip with a narrow, tri-

angular, smooth-edged wart, grooved in front. Wings broad;

thumb rather elongated; the first joint webbed. Interfemoral

membrane large, truncated; the heel-bones long ; feet free to the

ankles; largest toes subequal. Tail elongate, tapering, enclosed

in the membrane with the exception of the last joint, which is

produced beyond the edge.

Macrotus Warernovusi1. Macr. colore murino, abdomine palli-

diore ; prosthemate lanceolato.

unc. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin .. 2 6

CHULA) 5 Sais alae Ale Ste Be I 42

—— QUMS/S%) . HHA svieuite mio ese WAND: Ly, 4B

—. palliaiavis)...wassrenenss amnivinsels, on Onn Gy

oo PrOSthEMAS ews vag = a ive tele 0 5

Gnhibrachitt.. 125 OS oss RRA D2

a FTDI OL oc Baie ss SoeWeiae se es wel ele ws 011

qulontisss. se Phere Nak So POLS 0 6

Hab. Hayti.

The interfemoral membrane, in this Bat, has a muscular band on

each side, situated about one-third of the distance between the base

of the tail and the heel-bone. The ears are rounded at the apex,

and slightly hairy. The tragus is of an ovate-lanceolate form, has

an acute tip, and a very indistinct notch near the base on the outer

side.

Mr. Gray has since received specimens of this species from Jamaica,

where it was discovered by Dr. Parnell ; this and the two following

species are indicated under the name here used in the recently pub-

lished list of the Mammalia in the British Museum.

Mr. Gray next proceeds to make some observations upon a species

of Porcupine in the collection of the British Museum. This animal

is the Hystrix subspinosus of Lichtenstein, and has been described

under that name by Kuhl. It however presents various important

modifications in the structure of the skull and teeth, upon which

Mr. Gray thinks it desirable to establish a new genus under the

name of

CHATOMYS.

The body and limbs are covered with subequal, short, and rather

flexible spines. ‘The tail is of an elongate conical form, and provided

with rings of square scales and scattered bristles.

The skull is short, and has broad, convex, swollen zygomatic

arches, and the palate is contracted. The cutting teeth are rounded

é - 4 7

in front ; the grinders are -—7; each grinder of the upper jaw has

two principal folded plates of enamel and a smaller transverse fold

between them. The lower grinders are oblong, and the foremost of

these teeth presents two roundish rings of enamel, each of which has

an internal fold, and the hinder ring has moreover a small fold on

the fore part of the outer side. Each of the other molars in this jaw

is furnished with two sinuous folds on the inner side and one on the

middle of the outer edge. Of this animal (which is from Brazil) a

figure will be found in the ‘ Abbildungen’ &c. of the Prince de Neu-

wied.

The new species of Manis referred to in the letter is from Western

Africa, and is at once distinguished, Mr. Gray observes, from the

Manis tetradactyla (which it most nearly approaches) by its having

the tail rather shorter—that is, about half as long again as the body

—and double the number of series of scales on the body, and also

by the scales being more acute, and furnished each with three sharp

points. ‘Two specimens of this species, of different sizes, are con-

tained in the British Museum collection. It is named by Mr. Gray

Manis mutriscutata. Manis caudd corpore multum longiore ;

squamarum dorsalium elongatarum, tricuspidum, ad basin striata-

rum, seriebus 23.

Hab. Western Africa.

Mr. Gould exhibited a new species of Australian Heron :—

ARDEA RECTIROSTRIS. Ardea superne fuscescenti-cinerea, capite et

cristd nigris ; rostro magis recto atque robusto quam in Ardea

cinerea.

Crown of the head and crest dull black; back of the neck and all

the upper surface brownish grey, passing into greyish white on the

tips of the wing-coverts; secondaries, scapularies and tail-feathers

dark grey ; spurious wing and primaries greyish black; sides of the

face and chin white; down the front of the neck an interrupted line

of black, formed by each feather having an oblong stripe of black on

the inner side of the stem near the tip, the marks becoming larger

and paler in colour as they approach the chest, the same kind of

marking continuing over the under surface, but the stripes very pale

brown; under tail-coverts white; bill dark horn-colour, becoming

nearly black on the culmen; feet greenish black.

Total length, 37 inches; bill, 7; wing, 164; tail, 7 ; tarsi, 63.

Hab. New South Wales.

The above description is taken from a bird which appears to be

immature ; it has much the appearance of, and is nearly allied to, the

Common Heron of Europe.

A communication from Mr. Hinds, containing descriptions of two

new species of Shells, from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.,

was then read.

Genus Tripnoris, Deshayes, Hinds, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xi. p. 16.

Tripnoris pacopus. Tri. (Ino) testd cylindraced, elongata, acumi-

natd, anfractibus 18-20, tricarinatis ; carinis inequalibus, inferiore

multo maximd, duobus superioribus parvis equalibus ; aperturd

quadratd. Axis 85 lin.

The only specimen of this shell is dead and imperfect. It is, how-

ever, slightly mottled with brown, being most probably the remains

of an uniform colour. It is rendered very distinct from any species

hitherto described by the manner of its keeling. A faint elevated

line would also appear to traverse the course of the suture.

Hab. Baclayon, island of Bokol, Philippines. Found under stones

at low water.

Tripnoris cotzaris. Tri. (Mastonia) testd ovatd, acuminatd ; an-

fractibus duodecim biseriatim granulosis, serie inferiore paululim

maximd, margaritaced, superiore pallide fusca; anfractu ultimo

quadriseriatim subequaliter catenato. Axis 4 lin.

Hab. Island of Corregidor, Philippine Islands.

Found among coarse sand at a depth of six fathoms.

Many of these small shells have received an injury which has de-

stroyed the mouth, and the present specimen has not escaped.

Descriptions of some new species of the Genus Lima, in the col-

lection of H. Cuming, Esq., by G. B. Sowerby, Jun., were read.

Liwa Cumrineu, Nob. Thes. Conch. pl. xxii. f. 25. Lim. testa

tenui, parvd, ventricosd, oblique ovato-subelongatd utrinque feré

clausd, ad marginem posticum subangulatd, ad marginem ventralem

subquadratd ; cardine brevi ; auriculis obtusis ; umbonibus inflatis ;

striis in medio duodecim elevatis, distantibus, ad marginem ven-

tralem dentatis : colore albo.

Long. 0°25; lat. 0°12; alt. 0°35.

Hab. Bolinao, Ins. Luzon Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

I have seen only one specimen of this very distinct small shell,

which differs from L. fragilis (Chemn. t. 68. f. 650.) in being more

ventricose, and having the margin nearly closed all round. In the

latter respect it resembles L. Loscombii, Leach (Bullata; Turton).

Found in sandy mud : ten fathoms.

Lima ancutata, Nob. Thes. Conch. pl. xxii. f. 39,40. Lim.

testd oblique ovatd, ventricosd, radiatim striatd, utrinque paululim

hiante, ad marginem posticum angulatd, ad marginem ventralem

oblique rotundatd, prope umbones angustatd ; cardine brevi; au-

riculis parvis, posticd acutd: colore albo,

Long. 0°90; lat. 0°60; alt. 1°10.

Hab. Panama. H. Cuming legit.

In form resembling L. Loscombii, from which it differs in having

an hiatus on both sides, and a rather strong angle at the base of the

posterior lateral margin. Collected at Panama, in sandy mud, at

twelve to twenty fathoms.

The following descriptions of new species of Cyprea were commu-

nicated by J. S. Gaskoin, Esq.

Cyprma Sauta. Cyp. testa oblongo-ovatd, antice subattenuatd, ful-

vescente fusco punctulatd, maculd magna mediand dorsali, maculis-

que parvis lateribus castaneis; basi subrotundatd, pallescente; aper-

turd angustd, subfleruosd, anticé latiusculd ; columella postice

subgibbosd ; dentibus prominulis albidis interstitiis aurantiacis ;

extremitatibus prominentibus subreflexis ; marginibus prominenti-

bus subangulatis ; spird profundé umbilicatd.

Shell oblong-ovate, gradually attenuating towards the anterior

end, quite smooth; of a very light fawn or light flesh-colour, dotted

distinctly and irregularly with small chestnut-brown spots, with much

larger ones on both margins, and a remarkably large spot of the same

colour about the centre of the dorsum: base rather round, of a very

light reddish yellow colour: aperture rather narrow, slightly flex-

uous, somewhat wider towards the anterior extremity: columella

rather gibbous at the posterior half of the shell ; no columellar groove :

teeth rather bold, whiter than the base, even, excepting those at the

anterior end of the columella, where they are larger : all terminate ex-

ternally on the columella in an even line at the edge of the aperture,

and within, also in an even line, on the columella, except two or

three at the anterior end, which advance a little more inwards; those

on the lip are even, and extend a little over it, outwards ; in number

they are from sixteen to eighteen on the columellar side, fourteen to

sixteen on the lip; interstices between the teeth and between the

extremities more or less of an orange colour: extremities produced,

the posterior curving towards the columella; the posterior outer beak

longer than the inner, the anterior very slightly so: margins, the

outer prominent, angular, more so towards the anterior extremity ;

the inner exists but on the anterior third of the shell, and is also

prominent and angular; a groove across the anterior end, from the

depression formed on either side by the projecting margins, and ter-

mination of the channel reflecting outwards: spire umbilicated, with

a notch or groove on the columellar side, from a partial reflection of

the posterior channel: internal colour light reddish brown. I have

seen but four examples of this shell, two perfect and two decorti-

cated. Axis, {ths; diameter, {ths of an inch.

Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manilla. Found in coarse sand

and gravel at seven fathoms.

In the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.

Decorticata light brown colour ; large darker spot in the centre of

the dorsum well-marked ; a brown spot on the outside of each ante-

rior extremity ; aperture much paler than in the perfect shell.

I know no species with which this elegant shell could be con-

founded; the remarkable, large, well-defined spot on the dorsum,

the orange (more or less) coloration between the teeth and beaks,

and its gradually attenuating graceful form, distinguish it from all

others.

Mr. Cuming, whose valuable labours in the service of natural

history were rewarded, inter alia, by the discovery of this shell,

during their four years’ continuance in the Philippine Islands, has

requested me to name it after an amiuble and liberal collector, Miss

Saul, and it has afforded me much pleasure to comply with his wish.

Cypra#a Levcostoma. Cyp. testd ovatd, ventricosd, fusco-cinered ;

lateribus maculatis, macula magné irregulari dorsali castaned,

lineé dorsali pallida percurrente ; marginibus rotundatis crassis ;

extremitatibus posterioribus crassis prominentibus dextro precipue,

anticis convergentibus ; basi rotundatd, albicante margine interno

labit nonnunquam obtuse dentato, columella edentuld.

Shell ovate, gibbous, smooth; of a brownish ash-colour, spotted

on each side with darker spots, the general ash-brown colour on the

sides declining in intensity ultimately to whiteness ; a large chestnut-

brown, irregular, splashed, or dotted spot on the dorsum; in some

instances more confined and small; where the spot is deepest coloured

and largest, the ground on which it is formed is nearly white ; poste-

rior part of the dorsum irregular, slightly tuberculated, dorsal line

marked, nearly white (and in some instances appears both anteriorly

and posteriorly to bifurcate), diverging anteriorly towards the colu-

mellar side; base white, roundish: aperture rather wide, flexuous,

columellar groove on the anterior half of the shell; the porcelain

covering on the gibbous portion of the columella extremely thin;

columella smooth : teeth generally but slight denticulations; some-

times more perceptible on the lip : extremities, posterior, much pro-

duced, very obtuse, wide apart, columellar beak divergent ; anterior,

rather thick, converge at their points towards each other: margins

round, light-coloured or white, spotted to the base; outer margin

sometimes uneven, or somewhat nodulated: spire, in all the speci-

mens I have seen, quite covered and obliterated: colour, internally,

light grayish blue. Axis 14 inch; diameter 1% inch.

Hab. Mocha. In the collection of Mr. Gaskoin, Cuming, &c.

This shell approximates in general appearance to Cyp. Mus. Some

years ago one of this species (/eucostoma) came accidentally into

my possession, which on comparison I found incompatible with Mus ;

and shortly afterwards another, which warranted the distinctive no-

menclature. Mr. Sowerby has lately obtained five other specimens,

and with them fortunately a knowledge of their locality, which I

have quoted. These are now dispersed in the cabinets of Messrs.

Harford, Cuming, Stainforth, Norris, and Miss Saul ; two others are

known to be in the cabinet of Mr. Owen at Manchester.

This species differs from Mus in being more gibbous; in the pro-

minent and very blunted posterior extremities, the base and aperture

being white; denticulations but very slightly indicated, or absent,

and always white.

I have named this Jeucostoma, in contradistinction to that which

it most nearly resembles, the Cyp. Mus, with its dark-coloured aper-

ture.

Mr. Fraser exhibited and described a new species of Bat, belong-

ing to the genus Rhinolophus, and four new species of Birds from

Western Africa.

Rurnotornus Martini. Rhin. auribus magnis apud frontem inter

se spatio angusto sejunctis ; rostro fossd oblongd superne, antice

quatuor appendiculis carneis, vir elevatis (duobus utringue), tectd :

prosthemate nasali longitudinalitér diviso ; fossé frontali posticé

culmine semicirculari dense vellere induto, collimetatd ; caudd longd

et cartilagine bifurcd terminata ; patagio ad pedes basim solum-

modo ducto: colore cinereo-fusco, subtis canescente.

une. lin.

Lone totam ht cteaee. Fe veto se eo oO

Volatiés amplitudo ...........-04.. 2 = OG

latitudo maxima ............ 2 4

Antebrachwm Poot 8 Soc eke #8 Me 8 tees MO

AUIS ee See ees iy Saree 0 9

Cauda ..... Renee owietam en Bae A als

Hab. Fernando Po.

This species of Rhinolophus is remarkable for having the compli-

cated fleshy appendages of the muzzle divided in the longitudinal

direction. Each half of this apparatus is composed of two leaflets,

the margins of which are free, though but little elevated; the fore-

most of these is shaped somewhat like the human ear, and terminates

in front in a small prominent lobe, which is situated over the open-

ing of the nostril; the second or hindermost leaflet on each side

approaches te a circular form. Upon separating these four leaflets

a large pit is observable on the upper surface of the muzzle, and the

hinder margin of this pit terminates in a nearly semicircular and

slightly elevated fleshy ridge, which is densely clothed with fur.

The ears are large, rounded at the extremity, but inclining to a

pointed form, and separated from each other on the top of the head

by a space of about two and a half lines in width; on the inner side,

and towards the base, is a narrow oblique ridge: the tragus is about

two and a half lines in length, narrow, rounded at the extremity,

and somewhat dilated near the base on the outer margin. The wing

and interfemoral membranes join the foot at the base ; the latter ex-

tends to the extremity of the tail, which terminates in a bifurcated

cartilage ; numerous minute papillz are observable on the margin of

the interfemoral membrane. The general colour of the animal, in

spirit, is gray-brown, but with an ashy tint on the under parts of

the body, and is darker than that of the Rhinolophus Hipposideros of

authors.

GLAREOLA CINEREA. Glar. superneé cinerea, collo rufo, corpore

subtus albo rubro tincto, lined nigrd pone nares oriente sub oculos

et per plumas auriculares albas ductd, caud@ tectricibus albis ;

rectricibus caude singulis noté nigra versus apicem ; remigum pri-

marum pogoniis internis albis ; secundariis albis apicibus nigris ;

rostri ad basim flavo, apice nigro.

Long. tot. 6} poll.; rostri, 3; ale, 54; caude, 23; tarsi, .

Hab. The mouth of the River Nin.

In some specimens (probably the young) the black stripe on the

side of the head, the rufous neck, and the red tinge on the under

surface is wanting.

This species is nearly allied to Glareola lactea (Temm. Pl. Col.

399), but in that bird the black mark on the side of the head only

extends from the nostril to the eye, whilst in the present species the

black line passes under the eye and extends backwards and down-

wards over the ear. The G. cinerea differs moreover from the G.

lactea in having a rufous neck; the rufous tint of the chest is more

distinct, the back is of a deeper gray colour, and the legs, as well as

the base of the bill, are yellow.

Antuus Govuupi. Ant. superne fuscus, subtis pallidior tincturd

Serrugined, guld alba, remigibus et tectricibus alarum ferrugineo-

marginatis, caudd corpore intensiore ; rectrice externd ferrugined ;

rostro pedibusque flavis.

Long. tot. 7 poll. ; rostri, 3; ale, 33 ; caude, 3; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Cape Palmas.

Estritpa RuForicTa. str. superne fusca, fronte, facie, guld, et

pectore cum tectricibus caude vinaceis ; hoc colore corpore reliquo

inferiore, et caude superné tinctis ; alarum tectricibus inferioribus

flavido-albis ; guttis minutissimis perpaucis albis apud pectus ;

rostro rubro, culmine nigro.

Long. tot. 3$ poll. ; rostri, $; ale, 13; caude, 14; tarsi, }.

Hab. Cape Coast.

Ixos ryornatus. Jz. fuscus, capitis et caude colore intensiore ;

corpore subtis sordidé albescenti-fusco.

Long. tot. 8 poll. ; rostri, 3; al, 33; caude, 33 ; tarsi, 3.

Hab. Cape Coast.

Various specimens selected from the collection presented by James

Brooke, Esq., Corresponding Member, were exhibited.

ed PU Ne NBN Orr) os fate

Le a

ink tlle ie ae.

fate chants bane see nit bie :

eta eats srg rib veces dE er ot: 0 pr

\geeie at sends oft Tey TAD Racine oni doom hetero garredd iai i

hie Gow 20 Bee wr gue nest aa 2 Asah adt Z

“cee soy i i Naga

i ’ i

March 14, 1843.

Wilham Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A paper by Mr. G. B. Sowerby was read, containing the following

descriptions of new species of Shells belonging to the genus Cyclo-

stoma. ‘The species described are chiefly from the collection of H.

Cuming, Esq.

Cycnostoma suTurats. Cyel. testd orbiculato-depressd, tenut ;

epidermide olivaced indutd ; anfractibus 3-4 rotundatis, trans-

versim tenuissim? striatis ; aperturd circulart, superné emargina-

tione obsoletd ; peritremate tenui, margine acutiusculo ; umbilico

patulo ; operculo concinne spirali.

Hab. in umbrosis Demerare.

A few specimens of this species were received many years ago by

G. C. Bainbridge, Esq., of Liverpool.

Cycrostoma rucuLosum. Cyel. testa orbiculato-subdepressd, tenut,

translucidd ; anfractibus 4-5 rotundatis,rugulosis ; suturd distinctd ;

aperturd rotundatd, supern® acuminatiusculd ; peritremate tenui,

margine acutiusculo ; umbilico magno.

Hab. in Jamaica.

Found among the shells in the collection of the late G. Humphrey.

Cycrosroma semistriatum. Cycl. testd orbiculato-subdepressd,

tenvi, albidd, fasciis pallid? fuscis interruptis ; spird subprominuld,

apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus 4—5 rotundatis, superne longitudi-

naliter striatis, infra levibus ; suturd distinctd ; aperturd circulari,

superne subacuminata ; peritremate obsoletissime subreflexo, tenui,

margine acutiusculo ; umbilico magno ; operculo sulco externo spi-

rali, anfractibus 4-5.

Hab. in India Orientali, in regione Poonah dicta.

Cychosroma TransLucipum. Cycl. testa subglobosd, subpellucidd,

albd ; epidermide corneo-indutd ; spird breviusculd, obtusa; anfrac-

tibus quatuor rotundatis, prope suturam elevatiusculis, striatis,

superne rugulosis ; aperturd subcirculari, superné subacuminatd ;

peritremate acuto ; umbilico mediocri ; operculo testaceo, tenuius-

culo, anfractibus septem, striatis.

Cycrostoma Brasiuiense. Cycl. testd orbiculato-subdepressa, tenui,

albd, opacd ; anfractibus 4-5 rotundatis, transversim striatis ;

suturd profundiusculd ; apertura circulari; peritremate tenui,

acuto ; umbilico magno ; operculo testaceo, duplicato, exttis tenuis-

sim? spiral.

Hab. in umbrosis propé Rio Janeiro, Brasiliz.

Nos. CXXII. & CXXIII.—Proceepines or tuE Zoot. Soc.

CycLostoma GicanTEuM. Cycl. testa orbiculato-subdepressd, cras-

siusculd, albicante ; epidermide corned, fulvd, indutd, apice rufes-

cente; anfractibus 5-6 rotundatis, transversim striatis, striis su-

perne validioribus ; suturd distinctd ; strid longitudinaliter im-

pressd prope suturam ; apertura subeffusd, superne angulata et in

canalem inconspicuam subdecurrente ; peritremate subincrassato ;

umbilico magno ; operculo lined elevatd spirali, interstitiis oblique

striatis.

Hab. in sylvis prope Panamam.

Cycitostoma corrucatum. Cycl. testa orbiculato-subdepressd,

crassiusculd, albidd, apice rufescente ; epidermide tenui, fusca, in-

dutd ; spird subprominuld, acuminatiusculd ; anfractibus quinque

rotundatis, transversim striatis et corrugatis; suturd distinctd ;

aperturd circulari, subeffusd, superné angulatd et in canalem in-

conspicuam desinente; peritremate tenuiusculo, margine acutiusculo,

latere umbilicali incrassato ; umbilico magno, margine crenulato,

intus transversim striato ; operculo testaceo, extis lamind elevatd,

convolutd, intds corneo, polito.

Hab. Jamaica.

CycLosToMa cLaTHRATULUM. Cycl. testd subglobosd, crassiusculd,

obscurd ; spird subconoidali, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus qua-

tuor ad quinque rotundatis, superné longitudinaliter tenuiter stri-

atis, infra levibus ; aperturd subovali, superné angulatd ; peritre-

mate incrassato, supra umbilicum mediocre paululiim extenso.

Hab. apud Yemen, Arabie.

Cyctostoma TierInuM. Cyel. testa suborbiculari, conicd, crassi-

usculd, leviusculd, pallescente, strigis irregularibus, transversis,

saturate brunneis pictd ; spird subacuminatd, submammillari ; an-

fractibus quinque,raptim crescentibus, rotundatis, plerumque carinis

tribus vel quatuor subobsoletis ; aperturd magnd, orbiculari, postice

subemarginatd; peritremate reflevo, albo, incrassato, prope ultimum

anfractum subinterrupto ; labio columellari subextenso umbilicum

mediocre partim tegente ; suturd distinctd ; operculo tenut, corneo,

multispirali, anfractuum marginibus lamellosis. Long. 1°0; lat.

1°25 poll.

Mr. Cuming has collected the following varieties, viz :—

Var. a. Shell with three rather indistinct spiral ridges ; peritreme

nearly white.

Var. 6. Shell with three rather indistinct spiral ridges ; peritreme

dull brown. Found under decayed leaves in the island of Guimaras.

Var.c. Shell with a more elevated spire and with three promi-

nent spiral ridges, together with some small interstitial ridges.

Found under decayed leaves in the island of Masbate.

Var. d. Shell dark brown, with less conspicuous streaks ; aperture

orange-brown. Found under decayed leaves in the island of Leyte.

Var e. Shell like: var. d, but larger and paler. Found under de-

cayed leaves at Ca >alonga, in the isle of Samar.

Var. f. Shell prettily variegated with dark brown. Found on

leaves of bushes in the island of Siquijod.

Var. g. Shell small and thicker, with rather elevated spire and

prominent ridges. Found under decayed leaves at Baclayan.

Cyctosroma Piteus. Cycl. testd conicd, tenui, albidd, fusco pal-

lidissimé nubeculatd ; spird subacuminatd ; anfractibus quinque,

planulatis, antic? carinatis ; apertura rotundato-subtrigond, extis

angulatd ; peritremate albo, reflexo, labiis postice disjunctis ; um-

bilico parvo. Long. 0°7; lat. 0°6 poll.

Had. infra foliis putridis apud Sinait, provinciz Ilocos meridionali,

insule Lucon. H. Cuming.

Var. a. Shell pale brown, mottled; peritreme white. Found at

Sinait.

Var. 6. Shell white. Found in the same situation and locality.

Var. c. Shell white, larger than var. @ and b, with a sharper keel.

Found on leaves of trees at St. Juan, in the province of Cagayan.

Cyciosroma LincuireruM. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subconicd,

crassd, pallescente, maculis saturate brunneis angulatim variegata ;

spird subacuminatd, submammillari ; anfractibus quatuor, rotunda-

tis, levibus, spiraliter obsolete striatis ; aperturd magna, orbiculari ;

peritremate incrassato, subrejlexo; labio interne linguam latam

efformante ; umbilicum partim tegente. Long. 1°1; lat. 1°25 poll.

Hah, infra foliis putridis, in sylvis, apud Lobock, insule Bohol.

Var. a. Light brown, variously mottled with dark brown.

Var. b. Much paler in colour, and having the spiral strie much

more distinct.

Var. c. Yellowish brown, with an orange mouth.

Cyctostoma ListEer1, Gray. Cycl. testa subglobosd, crassiusculd ;

spird conoided, subacuminatd ; anfractibus 4-5 rotundatis, levibus,

nonnunquam superneé longitudinaliter obsolete striatis ; suturd di-

stinctd; aperturd circular ; peritremate subincrassato, superné

angulato, latere umbilicali calloso, callo umbilico partim obtegente ;

umbilico parvo, spiraliter striato.

Var. a. Testd omnino albicante.

Var. 6. Testd pallidé fulvd, fascia inferiore fusca.

Hab. in insula S* Mauritii.

Mr. Lovell Reeve’s descriptions of various new Shells, about to be

figured in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica,’ were then read.

Genus PLEUROTOMA.

Prevroroma Garnonsu. Pleur. testd elongato-turritd, gracillime

Susiformi, albidd, transversim multicarinatd, carinis maculis parvis

rubido-fuscis vivide pictis ; anfractibus convexis, macularum gran-

dium serie superne ornatis ; anfractu ultimo infra fusco-fasciato ;

canali plus minusve elongato.

Pleurotoma Babylonia var., Kiener.

Long. 24; lat. 4 poll.

Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines.

We have much pleasure in dedicating this species to our excellent

friend the Rev. W. L. T. Garnons, F.L.S. &c. The labour which

this worthy gentleman has bestowed on the arrangement of the

Woodwardian collection of shells at Cambridge bears ample testi-

mony of his zeal for the science. Several specimens have lately

made their appearance in London, but we are not aware from whence

they have arrived. The above locality is obtained from a single

specimen found by Mr. Cuming at that place, lying dead upon the

shore at low water.

Pievrotoma specraBiLis. Pleur. testd subelongato-turritd, multi-

cingulatd ; albd, cingulis nigro-maculatis, maculis grandibus et

parvis, numerosissimis, anfractibus convexis, supra et infra fusco-

fasciatis ; canali brevi, leviter flecuosd. Long. 24; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs).

The spotting is of a more numerous and miscellaneous character

in this species than in any of the genus, though it presents in certain

respects a modification of that in the preceding species. The dusky

band which girds the lower portion of the whorls in that species is

exhibited both round the lower and upper portions in this, and the

number of spots is apparently doubled in like manner; the canal is

short, and presents a great peculiarity of character.

PLEeuROTOMA EXASPERATA. Pleur. testd turritd, anfractibus in

medio tuberculato-muricatis, tuberculis solidis acutis; albd, an-

fractu ultimo zond fuscd cingulato ; canali brevissimo ; columella

pac sunerne callosd ; aperture fauce albo. Long. £; lat. 3 poll.

ab. :

This interesting little shell resembles the Pleurotoma wnizonalis in

being surrounded with a single clear dark band ; but it differs, first,

in being of a more turrited form; secondly, in having the whorls

encircled with a sharp row of tubercles instead of longitudinal ribs ;

and thirdly, in the columella and interior being white, whereas in

that species it is always brown.

Puevroroma arcuata. Pleur. testd arcuato-fusiformi, tenui, in-

fiatd, subpellucidd, anfractibus lineatis, in medio acuté carinatis,

carind maculis fuscis regularibus ornatd ; labro externo rotundato

ab anfractu ultimo sinu lato separato ; canali gracili, arcuato,

spire longitudinem equante. Long. 13; lat. 2 poll.

Hab. Coast of Veragua, Central America.

A few specimens only of this inflated transparent-looking shell

were collected at the above-mentioned place by R. Hinds, Esq., of

Her Majesty’s ship ‘ Sulphur,’ a zealous and intelligent conchologist.

Prevrotoma picta (Beck, MSS.). Pleur. testd acutissime turritd,

solidd transversim carinatd, albd, carinis perspicuis, subdistanti-

bus, maculis fuscis perparce pictis, carind supera valde maxima,

labro fissurd parvd, subcentrali; canali recto, spire longitudinem

equante. Long. 2; lat. $ poll.

Hab. Panama, St. Blas, Gulf of Nicoya, &c.

This shell is of a straight solid growth, and cannot well be con-

founded with any species hitherto described.

Prevrotoma Papauis. Pleur. testé fusiformi, acuté turritd, pal-

lid? luteo-brunnescente, anfractibus superne concavis, longitudina-

liter leviter liratis, liris numerosis, anfractu ultimo pallide albo-

fasciato ; canali brevi. Long. 12; lat. 3 poll.

Pleurotoma mitreformis var., Kiener.

Hab. ?

After carefully examining one or two specimens of this shell, which

Kiener describes as a variety of the Pleurotoma mitreformis, Iam

forced to the conclusion that it is specifically distinct.

Pievrotoma opesa. Pleur. testd obeso-fusiformi; spird turritd,

anfractibus luteolis, superne albis, lineis fulvis, obliquis, longitu-

dinaliter venosis ; labro acuto, sinu subcentrali; canali mediocri,

brevi subitd refleco. Long. 13; Jat. 3 poll.

Hab. ?

The solid obesity of this shell has suggested the above title.

Pievrotroma vircinea (Beck, MSS.). Pleur. testd fusiformi-

turritd, pallidé luteold ; anfractibus in medio angulatis, tuberculis

minutis albis seriatim cinctis ; anfractu ultimo multiseriatim gra-

nuloso ; canali mediocri, leviter recurvo. Long. 13; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. Mouth of the Gambia.

This shell, though comparatively common in our collections, does

not appear to have been hitherto described.

PLevRoToMA annutaTa. Fleur. testd solidd, subulatd, brunned ;

anfractibus leviter convewis, liris levibus, pallidioribus, numerosis,

annulatim cinctis ; canali subelongato. Long. 14; lat. 2 poll.

This shell is not very much unlike the Pleurotoma Deshayesit; it

may however be readily distinguished from that species by the num-

ber of well-marked ring-like ridges by which the entire surface is

encircled.

Pievrotoma caTENA. Pleur. testd elongato-fusiformi, turritd, acu-

minatd, flavido-grised ; anfractibus medio valde convewis, quasi

subitd tumidis, tuberculis eximiis, albis, obliquis, seriatim coro-

natis ; labro tenui, sinu lato; canali elongato, recto. Long. 2};

lat. 5 poll.

Hab. ?

The leading feature of this new and very distinct shell is the bright

perlaceous series of link-shaped tubercles which run round the peri-

phery of the whorls.

Genus Pecruncutvs.

Pecruncutus Gicanteus. Peet. testd valde convead (juniore de-

pressd), solidd, giganted, longitudinaliter striatd, striis contiguis,

regularibus, et sulcata sulcis fere obsoletis ; albd, infern? castaneo-

tinctd, superné maculis rubido-fuscis numerosis, undatis, contin-

gentibus, profuse et vivide pictd ; intis albd, marginibus (in adultd)

castaneo-nitidis, crenatis ; epidermide crassd, pilosd. Alt. 4;

long. 33; lat. 2.

Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California.

This magnificent shell, which was brought from the above port by

Mr. Babb, R.N., accords in some measure with Lamarck’s descrip-

tion of his Pectunculus undulatus. ‘The figure in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil

de Coquilles,’ however, of that shell, fully exhibits its specific differ-

ence.

PecruncuLus raripictus. Pect. testd suboblique cordatd, radiatim

costatd, costis planis in medio sep? sulcatis ; costarum interstitiis

profundis ; albd luteo-castaned, parce variegatd, intis albd, an-

tice purpureo-tinctd.

Hab.

The ribs in this shell are peculiarly firm and squarely grooved out,

as it were, and they are often slightly rutted about half-way up the

middle.

PrecruncuLus aurirLuus. ect. testd orbiculari-cordata, inequi-

laterali,radiatim costatd, costis obsolete sulcatis ; albd, transversim

auriflud, antice maculis aureis nigerrimo-fuscis marginatis.

Hab. ?

This new and beautiful shell may be easily recognised by its very

bright orange painting.

Precruncutus noxosEricus. Pect. testd suborbiculari, levi, albidd,

multiradiatd, epidermide sericd indutd.

Hab. ?

The peculiar, close, velvety epidermis of this shell is alone suffi-

cient to distinguish it.

Mr. Fraser characterized two new species of Birds from Western

Africa :—

Mouscrreta Smitui. Muse. corpore pallide rufo; caudd, alisque

nigrescentibus, cinereo-lavatis ; capite, collo, rostro, pedibusque

nigris.

hibit tot. 73 unc.; ale, 3 unc. 4 lin.; rostri, a rictu ad apicem,

10 lin. ; caude, 3 unc. 10 lin.

Hab. Western Africa.

The dimension above given of the tail of this bird includes the

two central feathers, which are about half an inch longer than either

of the others; these latter, when spread out, form a segment of a

circle, the outermost feathers being the shortest. The head and

neck are glossy black, but in certain lights exhibit a slight bluish

tint: the whole body and wing-coverts are of a rust-colour, for the

most part pale, but assuming a decided and rich hue on the abdomen ;

the tail and feathers of flight in the wings are of a deep brownish

gray, but inclining to black. The bill is stout.

Treron crassirostris. Trer. viridis; capite, collo pectoreque

cinerascenti-viridibus ; ventre citrino ; alarum tectricibus regione

carpali vinaceo-purpureis ; remigibus fusco-nigrescentibus ; caudd

nigrd ad apicem late cinereo-fasciatd ; rostro magno, pedibusque

pullidis. .

Long. tot. 12 unc. ; ale, 62; caude, 44; rostri, 11 lin.

Hab. ?

This species is remarkable for its stout bill, which is of a very

pale grayish colour, tinted with yellow on the upper surface at the

base. The vinaceous patch at the angle of the wing is but of small

extent; the primaries, secondaries, and some of the greater wing-

coverts are narrowly margined externally with bright yellow, and

the vent and some of the under tail-coverts, as well as the greater

portion of the feathers covering the thighs, are of the same colour ;

the larger under tail-coverts are of a reddish brown colour, and the

feet are yellow.

Various specimens presented to the Society since the preceding

Meeting were exhibited, and attention was particularly called to an

extensive collection, consisting of 126 Bird-skins, presented by

Walter Ewer, Esq., and some specimens of Sponges, &c., and twelve

Bird-skins presented by the Society's Corresponding Member, E. L.

Moore, Esq., of Newfoundland.

The exhibition of specimens from Sincapore and Borneo, pre-

sented by James Brooke, Esq., Corresponding Member, was resumed.

March 28, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A very perfect specimen of the Brain Coral was exhibited by Capt.

Fayrer, and various specimens from the collection presented by James

Brooke, Esq., Corresponding Member, were also laid before the

Meeting.

The followimg descriptions of new Shells, from the collection of

Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., C.B., &c., by Richard Brinsley

Hinds, Esq., Surgeon R.N., were read :—

The great accession of species to the genus Pleurotoma, as left by

Lamarck, renders it necessary that our views respecting it should

receive some modification. A very prominent circumstance is, that

the frequent repetition of previously trivial characters has elevated

them to a situation of importance, and they are thus liable to become

the distinctive grounds of new and characteristic groups. I com-

menced my examination with the species collected in the Sulphur,

being about 120 in number; and subsequently I have had the

opportunity of extending my researches among the extensive col-

lection assembled together by Mr. Lovell Reeve, from the cabinets

of various conchologists, but particularly from that of Mr. Hugh

Cuming, the whole amounting in all probability to more than three

hundred species. It is not my intention to attempt anything like a

monograph of the group, but as it was necessary to make an exten-

sive revision of the subject, to place the species in my hands in their

proper position, I trust I shall be doing a service by recording the

views which became developed in the prosecution of the work. I

shall, however, confine my remarks to those genera, the mention of

which is necessary to the elucidation of my species.

Pievrotoma, Lamarck.

A beautiful genus, presenting the typical characters of the group

in their intensity, and capable of being satisfactorily defined. It

consists of shells which are elongated and fusiform, having the spire

and canal most frequently nearly equal in length; the sinus a slit,

usually anterior to the most prominent part of the whorl, with a

sharp margin; aperture oval; canal straight, and almost constantly

lengthened; outer lip thin, smooth within, usually crenulated on

the margin, from the termination of the lesser keels ; inner lip rarely

produced; sculpture generally transverse. ‘The species are rarely

found beyond the tropics, and do not abound in individuals, being

found few in number : they are nearly equally abundant in the Ame-

rican and Asiatic Seas, but are remarkably absent from the Pacific

Ocean. They never occur on the shores, being always obtained

from deep water, and usually on a muddy bottom; to this latter

circumstance is probably attributable their singular absence from the

Pacific, where coral prevails.

Puevroroma nositis. Pleur. testd fusiformi, solidd, rugosa ; an-

fractibus superné concavis, leviter striatis, prope mediam carind

mazximd, inferne, precipue ultimo, carinis parvis alternantibus ; su-

turd simplici ; labio externo subintegro, interno inferne paululim

producto ; epidermide pallid? fuscd indutd. Axis 44 lin.

Hab. San Blas, Mexico. From seven fathoms; mud.

This is a very considerably larger shell than P. ovytropis, but in

the character of the sculpture they closely approach each other. It

is chiefly distinguishable from it in the absence of any keel between

the principal keel and the suture, and in some minor characters.

Pievroroma cemMaTa. Pleur. testd fusiformi, elongatd, gracilli-

md, fuscd ; anfractibus numerosis, medio uniseriatim tuberculato-

carinatis ; tuberculis rectis, subquadratis, albidis ; carinis duabus,

parvis, suturam comitantibus, anfractu ultimo multicarinatis ;

sinu laterali pon® carinam ; apertura ovali ; cunali elongatd. Axis

9 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Magdalena, California. Obtained from seven fathoms,

among sandy mud.

Puevrotoma supata. Pleur. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, levigatd,

fulvd ; anfractibus medio carinatis, superné granulis uniseriatim

cinctis, infern® carind parva unica, sed ultimo pluribus ; suturd

carinatd ; canali breviusculo. Axis 12 lin.

Hab. The China Sea and north coast of Sumatra: dredged from a

muddy bottom in eighteen fathoms.

Prevrotoma strouipa. Pleur. testdé fusiformi, levigatd, corned ;

anfractibus superne planulatis, inferneé costatis ; costulis albidis,

brevibus, obliquis, in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; apice papillari ;

suturd simplici ; canali brevi ; labio externo tenui. Axis 14 lin.

Hab. Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope: dredged from a depth

of forty-three fathoms.

Prevroroma Gravis. Pleur. testa fusiformi, levigatd, corned ; an-

fractibus prope suturam angulatis, uniseriatim tuberculis parvis

albidis cinctis, superné late planulatis ; anfractu ultimo coarctato ;

apice papillari; suturd simplici, fere occultd, canali brevi ; aper-

turd fuscd. Axis 11 lin.

Hab. Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope; in company with the

preceding.

PLevurotTomaA INERMIS. Pleur. testa ovatd, acuminatd, inermi ; an-

fractibus subrotundatis, flammeis undosis fuscis longitudinaliter

ornatis, transversim striatis; suturd simplict; aperturd ovali ;

canali brevi. Axis 15 lin.

ei Bay of Magdalena, California. From seven fathoms ; sandy

mud.

PievRoToMA VIOLACEA. Pleur. testd elongatd, acuminata, violaced ;

anfractibus decenis multicarinatis, longitudinaliter minutissime et

creberrime striatis; carinis duabus eminentioribus ; labro tenui,

acuto, crenulato ; sinu laterali inter carinas ; aperturd ovali ; colu-

mella biplicata ; canali brevi. Axis 8 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea and Straits of Macassar. From

seven to twenty-two fathoms; sandy mud. Also collected by Mr.Cu-

ming at the Philippines.

The folds on the columella, for which this species is remarkable,

are not to be met with in all the specimens.

PLEUROTOMA RADULA. Pleur. testd pyramidali, acuminatd, corned ;

anfractibus nonis, lineis decussatis, uniseriatim tuberculatis ; tuber-

culis sublunatis ; labro tenui, acuto ; sinu laterali pone seriem tuber-

culorum ; suturd lined elevatd instructd ; aperturd ovali; canali

brevi. Axis 7 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. In seventeen fathoms ; mud.

Cravatuxa, Lamarck.

The shells of this genus are subfusiform or clavate; the canal

sometimes so short as to be almost wanting, at others somewhat

produced and recurved; sinus superior to the most prominent part

of the whorl, with a callous everted margin; inner lip often pro-

duced ; suture frequently embellished; sculpture nearly always lon-

gitudinal; outer lip with a slight inferior sinus. This genus is

rather less tropical in its geographical relations than Pleurotoma. In

attempting to trace the limits of variation, it may be observed that

the canal is liable to fluctuate in length, as may be seen in C. dupli-

cata, Sow. (sp.); also in the length of the spire. Varieties in colour

are not infrequent, and have been remarked in the above species, in

C. flavidula, Lamarck (sp.), and in C. crenularis, Lamarck, each of

which has light and dark varieties. Lastly, the series of tubercles

which some display are usually connected by a keel, and the par-

ticular sculpture fluctuates between each, as occurs in a remarkable

manner in C. cincta, Sow. (sp.)

CuavatuLa minitaris. Clav. testd turritd, elongata, acuminata,

albidaé ; anfractibus superné concavis et angulatis, plicis numerosis

longitudinalibus, granosis lineis decussatis ; prope suturam carind

subnodosd instructa ; labro intis levi ; apertura lineari, in canali

brevi recurvo desinente. Axis 20 lin.

Hab. Veragua, Central America; in eighteen fathoms. Panama ;

in from eight to thirty fathoms ; mud.

CuavatTuLa Sinensis. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminata, corned ;

anfractibus undenis, subplanulatis, medio costulatis, lineis fuscis

decussatis ; suturd granoso-carinata ; labro intis levi; apertura

ovali ; canali mediocri. Axis 9 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar; China Sea. In from five

to twenty-one fathoms ; mud.

CuavatuLa spicata. Clav. testa fusiformi, albidd ; anfractibus

octonis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis subacutis ; suturd

granulosd ; labro intiis levi, aperturd linear: ; canali brevi ; anfrac-

tds ultimi dorso fusco picto. Axis 6 lin.

Hab. Bow Island. Among the fine coral sand.

CriavaruLa ropusta. Clav. testa fusiformi, acuminata, albida ;

anfractibus undenis, levigatis, angulate costulatis, lineis elevatis

decussatis ; costulis prope mediam angulatis ; sutura simplict ;

lubro crenato, intis levi; aperturd ovali; canali mediocri. Axis

8 lin.

Hab. Hong-Kong, China. In from four to seven fathoms ; sandy

mud.

Cravatuta spurca. Clav. testé ovatd, acuminatd; anfractibus

octonis, rotundatis, costulatis, lineis duabus vel tribus elevatis fus-

cis decussatis, minutissime transversim striatis; suturd simplici,

labro juxta incrassato, intis crenulato ; aperturd ovali; canali

mediocri. Axis 5 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Malacca. In from five to eighteen

fathoms; mud.

CravatuLa RAvA. Clav. testé ovatd, acuminata ; anfractibus oc-

tonis, rotundatis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis rotun-

datis, suturam incurrentibus ; infra suturam purpureo spiraliter

fasciatd, anfractu ultimo iteratd ; labro intis crenulato ; aperturd

ovali ; canali brevi. Axis 5 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America. In eighteen fathoms;

mud.

CLAVATULA ERICEA. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, pallida, ni-

tidé ; anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis ; costulis granu-

losis lineis elevatis decussatis, suturam incurrentibus ; interstitiis

levigatis ; suturd simplici; labro jueta incrassato, intis levi ;

apertura subovali ; canali brevi. Axis 5 lin.

Hab. Magnetic Island, Coast of Veragua. From twenty-six fa-

thoms ; mud.

CLAVATULA DEBILIS. Clav. testd fusiformi, elongata, acuminatd,

gracili ; anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis, transversim

striatis ; costulis parvis, rotundatis, approximatis, suturam incur-

rentibus ; suturd simplici ; labro intis crenulato ; apertura obliqud ;

sinu laterali prope suturam ; canali mediocri, Axis 43 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar.

CuavaTuLa scaLaris. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminata ; anfractibus

septenis, rotundatis, scalariformibus, transversim striatis ; costulis

rotundatis, distantibus, suturam incurrentibus ; suturd simplici ;

labro arcuato, intis levi; sinu laterali prope suturam ; apertura

ovali; canali brevi. Axis 7 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. In twelve fathoms ; coarse sand.

CravatuLa scutrra. Clav. testa fusiformi, elongatd, acuminata ;

anfractibus decenis, rotundatis, costulatis, transversim striatis,

fusco fasciatis ; costulis rotundatis, prope suturam desinentibus,

suturd striis arcuatis instructd ; sinu laterali prope suturam, mar-

ginibus acutis ; aperturd ovali ; canali mediocri. Axis 7 lin.

Hab. Panama. From seven fathoms; mud.

CLAVATULA AMABILIS. Clav. testd ovatd, turritd, pallidé aurantiacd ;

anfractibus septenis, subrotundatis, costulatis, transversim striatis ;

costulis rotundatis, subdistantibus ; suturad maculis albis ornatd ;

anfractu ultimo fascia albd angustd cincto ; sinu laterali pone su-

turam ; aperturd ovali ; canali mediocri. yee 34 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen ‘than mud.

CLAVATULA CINEREA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, anfractibus

septenis, longitudinaliter tuberculato-costatis, transversim striatis ;

costulis anfractés ultimi furcatis ; suturd lineis arcuatis instructd ;

labro incrassato intiis et cum columella crenulato ; aperturd ovali,

obliqud ; canali breviusculd. Axis 8 lin.

Hab.

CLAVATULA ARGILLACEA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, levigata,

corned ; anfractibus septenis, tuberculato-costatis ; costulis superné

angulatis, anfractiés ultimi evanidis ; sinu laterali magno ; labro

incrassato intis et cum columellé crenulato ; aperturd ovali, elon-

gata ; canali breviusculo. Axis 6 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. From 17 fathoms; mud.

CLAVATULA RUBIDA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, rufa, anfracti-

bus septenis, rotundatis, costatis, transversim striatis ; costis ro-

tundatis, latis, suturam simplicem incurrentibus, labro subincurvo,

intis dentato ; aperturd ovali, oblonga, sinu laterali prope suturam ;

canali brevi. Axis 7 lin.

Var. Nigro et albo fasciatd.

Hab. New Guinea. From seven fathoms; mud. The variety is

from New Ireland : among coarse sand at low water. Also collected

by Mr. Cuming at the Philippines.

CuavaTuLa Luctuosa. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminata, nigricante,

crassd ; anfractibus nonis, levigatis, superne subplanulatis, prope

pieihih uniseriatim tuberculatis ; suturd simplici; sinu laterali

posticali ; labro paululim incrassato, intits levi ; apertura fuscd,

ovali ; canali brevi. Axis 74 lin.

Hab. Bay of Guayaquil; Gulf of Magdalena, California. In from

five to twenty-two fathoms.

CLaVATULA ASPERA. Clav. testd subclavatd, acuminata, fuscd vel

nigricante ; anfractibus septenis, rotundatis, costulatis, lineis ele-

vatis decussatis ; suturad lined elevatd instructd ; labro paululim

incrassato, intis levi; aperturd fuscd, ovali; canali brevi. Axis

4 lin.

Hab. Guayaquil. In five fathoms; mud. North coast of New

Guinea.

CLavaTuLa crEBRICOSTATA. Clav. lestd ovatd, acuminatd ; anfrac-

tibus senis, pliciferis, albidis, superne 2 fusco fasciatis ; plicis parvis,

numerosissimis, obliquis, confertis ; suturd simplici ; sinu laterali

amplo ; labro tenui, acuto, intis levi; apertura late ovali ; canali

subnullo, Axis 3 lin.

Hab. Cape Blanco, Africa. In seventeen fathoms.

CLAVATULA PLUMBEA. Clav. testd ovatd, attenuatd, levigatd, pal-

lidd, fusco fasciatd ; anfractibus septenis, subrotundatis, costulatis ;

costulis rotundatis, numerosis, suturam simplicem incurrentibus ;

anfractu ultimo fasciis duabus cinctis, labro intis levi, aperturd

ovali. Axis 5 lin.

Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California. From five fathoms.

Cuavatuna occata. Clav. testd fusiformi, attenuata, gracili, cor-

ned, angulate costatd ; anfractibus septenis, transversim exaratis ;

suturd simplici ; apertura brevi, lineari; canali mediocri. Axis

43 lin.

Hab. Magnetic Island, west coast of Veragua.

CravaTuLa BELLA. Clav. testé fusiformi, attenuata, gracili, levi-

gata, pallide fused ; anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis, lineis

albidis elevatis decussatis, superne fusco fasciatis, ultimo attenuato ;

costulis gracilibus, granulis parvis sparsis instructis, suturam sim-

plicem incurrentibus ; labro intiis levi; aperturd ovali, in canali

brevi attenuato. Axis 54 lin.

Hab. West coast of Veragua: from thirty fathoms; mud. Gulf

of Papagayo, Central America: from eight to fourteen fathoms ; mud.

Cravatuta pupica. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, nitidissimd ;

anfractibus nonis, albidis, propé suturam paululiim levigatis, in-

Ferne tuberculato-costulatis ; costulis obliquis, acutis ; suturd sim-

plici ; anfractu ultimo anticé costulis acutis obliquis instructo, pos-

tice levigato maculo amplo fusco picto; sinu laterali profundo ;

labro acuto, inttis levi; aperturd ovali; canali mediocri effusd.

Axis 6 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America. From eight to four-

teen fathoms; mud.

Cravatuta tzta. Clav. testd subclavatd, acuminatd, nitidissimd ;

anfractibus nonis, superne planulatis, medio uniseriatim tubercu-

latis, ultimd serie secundd parvd ; tuberculis distinctis, erectis, sub-

acutis ; suturd simplici ; labro acuto, intis levi; aperturd ovali ;

canali brevi, effuso. Axis 6 lin.

pia New Guinea; Straits of Macassar. From seven to ten fa-

thoms.

CravaTuLa niTENs. Clav. testé clavaid, excentricd, fused, nitidis-

simd; anfractibus octonis, subangulate costulatis, prope mediam

prominentibus ; costulis obliquis, acutis, suturam simplicem incur-

rentibus ; labro acuto, intis levi ; aperturd laté ovali ; canali brevi.

Axis 5} lin.

Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar and Malacca. From seven

to twenty-two fathoms.

Cravatura canpipa. Clav. testa fusiformi, acuminata, candida ;

anfractibus septenis, costulatis, supern® subangulatis ; suturd sim-

plicit; aperturd ovali, sinu laterali superne valde calloso, faucibus

crenulatis ; anfractis ultimi basi transversim striato. Axis 54 lin.

Hab. Magnetic Island, coast of Veragua.

CiavatuLta PyRAmis. Clav. testd clavatd, angulate costatd, hexa-

gond, transversim creberrimé striatd ; sinu laterali superficiali ;

aperturd brevi, sublineari ; canali brevi. Axis 4 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar.

CLavATULA MERITA. Clav. testd ovatd, turrita, acuminata, levi-

gata, pallida ; anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis, superné angulatis

et lined fuscd spiraliter cinctis ; suturd simplici ; anfractds ultimi

dorso fusco nebuloso, transversim striato ; labro acuto, intis levi ;

aperturd oblonga ; canali subnullo. Axis 4 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America. Under stones at low

water.

CuavatTuLA FLAMMEA. Clav. testd clavatd, albidd ; anfractibus oc-

tonis, rotundatis, transversim striutis, flammulis fuscis, superne

angulatis, inferne subrectis, ornatis ; spird ecostulatd ; sulurd sim-

plici; sinu laterali modo emarginaturd ; labro obtuso, levissime

crenulato, intis levi ; aperturd ad basin dilatatd ; canali brevi, lato,

recurvo. Axis 7 lin.

Hab. New Ireland. Among coarse sand at low. water.

CLAVATULA FELINA. Clav. testa ovatd, acuminatd ; anfractibus se-

nis, subrotundatis, granulosis lineis transversis et longitudinalibus

decussatis, maculis rufis quadratis et oblongis eleganter ornatis ;

suturad simplici ; labro crenulato, subrecto; aperturd oblongd ;

canali brevi.

Hab. New Ireland. Among coarse sand at low water.

CiLAvATULA PARDALIS. Clav. testd ovatd, levigatd, nigricante ; cos-

tulis fulvis apice ad basin decurrentibus ; interstitiis striata ; aper-

turd oblonga, labro intis crenulato ; canali brevi. Axis 2 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya. Under stones at low water.

CriavatuLa cantata. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, atro-fused ; an-

fractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis ; costulis obliquis, acutis ;

suturd lined elevatd instructd ; aperturd atrd, ovali; labro intis

levi; canali brevi. Axis 3 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Fonseca. From twenty fathoms; mud.

CravatTuta PaPituaRis. Clav. testd oblongd, levigatd, pallida ;

anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, obsolete tuberculato-costulatis ;

apice papillosd ; suturd simplici ; aperturd brevi, ovata ; labro in-

tus levi; canali subnullo. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms; mud.

CravaTuLa ruBIGINosA. Clav. testd oblongd, corned ; anfractibus

senis, subrotundatis, transversim striatis ; suturd simplici ; aperturd

brevi, ovatd, corned ; labro intis levi ; canali subnullo. Axis 3 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms ; mud.

Cuavatuta pourra. Clav. testd valde fusiformi, politd, albida ;

septangulate costulata; costulis confluentibus ; suturd simplici ;

aperturd ovali, oblong ; labro acuto, intiis levi ; canali longo, sub-

recurvo. Axis 5 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. Found among coarse sand in seven

fathoms.

CravatTuta Trextitis. Clav. testd ellipticd, acuminatd, albidd, an-

fractibus senis, costulatis, superne angulatis ; costulis rotundatis

lineis elevatis decussatis, tribus prope mediam anfractis ultimi

Suscis ; sinu lateral postico ; aperturd sublineari ; labro intis cre-

nulato ; canali brevi. Axis 35 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. From seven fathoms; sand.

Cruavatuna Fimpriata. Clav. testd ovatd, pallide rufd, albo fas-

ciatd ; anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, laminis brevibus, numerosis,

dentatis, reflexis indutis ; suturd simplici ; aperturd ovali ; sinu la-

terali minimo ; labro crenulato, reflexo ; canali brevi. Axis 3} lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ;

mud.

CuavatuLa ponata. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, rosed ; anfracti-

bus octonis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis brevibus, ro-

tundatis ; suturd lined nodosd instructd ; aperturd parva, ovali,

rosed ; labro intits levi; canali brevi. Axis 34 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ;

mud.

Cuavatuta micans. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, corned, nitidd ;

anfractibus octonis, costulatis ; costulis subacutis, albidis, obliquis,

superne prope suturam evanidis ; anfractis ultimi dorso ecostulato ;

apertura parvd, ovali ; labro tenui, acuto, intis levi ; canali brevi.

Axis 34 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo. From fourteen fathoms ; mud.

CuavatTuLa auBicans. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, albidd, nitidd ;

anfractibus octonis, costulatis ; costulis superné subnodulosis ; su-

turd nodulosd ; sinu laterali pone suturam ; aperturd parvd, ovali ;

labro acuto, intis levi; canali brevi. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms; mud.

Cuavaruta mutica. Clav. testd subfusiformi, pallide fulvd ; an-

fractibus senis, rotundatis, transversim striatis, maculis fuscis

longitudinalibus ornatis ; suturd simplici ; anfractu ultimo medio

angulato et albo fasciato, ad basin fusco ; sinu laterali juxtd su-

turam ; aperturd ovali; labro acuto, intis levi; canali brevi.

Axis 34 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms; mud.

CLAVATULA METULA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd ; anfractibus

quinis planulatis, obsolete costulatis, transversim striatis, pallide

rufo fasciatis ; suturd lined elevatd instructd ; aperturd lineari F

labro subinflexo ; canali subnullo. Axis 2 lin.

Hab. ?

CLAVATULA TESSELLATA. Clav. testé elongatd, acuminata ; anfrac-

tibus senis, subplanulatis, granulosis lineis longitudinalibus et

transversis decussatis, maculis subquadratis Suscis pictis ; suturé

simplici ; aperturé oblongd ; labro intis crenulato ; canali brevi.

Axis 3 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand.

CLAVATULA FULVA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, Sulvé ; anfracti-

bus senis, granulosis, tuberculato-costulatis, superné angulatis ;

suturd lined granulosd instructa ; apertura parvd, oblongd ; labro

intits levi; canali brevi effuso. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand.

CLAVATULA DENTIFERA. Clav. testd elongatd, acuminatd ; anfrac-

tibus quinis, costulatis, lineis transversis decussatis ; costulis nume-

rosis, parvis, angustis, suturam incurrentibus ; aperturd oblonga ;

labro crenulato, inferné dilaiato et dentifero; columella inferne

dente parvo ; canali breviusculo. Axis 3 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea; Straits of Malacca. From five

to seventeen fathoms ; mud.

CravaTuLa GLuMAcEA. Clav. testa elongatd, pallida, nitidd ; an-

Fractibus senis costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis brevibus,

rotundatis, suturam simplicem incurrentibus ; aperturd oblonga,

fusca ; labro intis levi; canali breviusculo. Axis 3 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ;

mud.

CLavaTuLa quisquaLis. Clav. tesid fusiformi, acuminatd, nitidis-

simd ; anfractibus octonis, superné levigatis, inferne costulatis ;

costulis brevibus, obliquis, acutis ; lineis albis sinuosis longitudi-

naliter instructis ; aperturd ovatd ; sinu laterali rotundo ; labro

tenui, acuto, intis levi; columelld marginata ; canali brevi, effuso,

recurvo. Axis 44 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America. From eight to fourteen

fathoms ; mud.

CiavaTuLa RETUSA. Clav. testd parva, obesd, aurantiacd ; anfrac-

tibus septenis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis rotundatis,

confertis ; spird conicd ; suturd simplici ; apice purpured ; aperturd

oblongd ; columella contortd ; canali breviusculo. Axis 24 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand.

CiLavATULA ImpPREsSA. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, rosed ;

anfractibus nonis, tuberculato-costatis, transversim striatis ; cos-

tulis acutis, obliquis, albidis ; anfractés ultimi dorso picto, ecostu-

lato ; aperturd ovali ; labro tenui, acuto, intis levi ; canali mediocri.

Axis 44 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America. From eight to four-

teen fathoms; mud.

CuavaTuLa necurcta. Clav. testd fusiformi, gracili, fuscd ; an-

fractibus nonis, costulatis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; costulis bre-

vibus, rotundatis; suturd lined elevatd instructd, infra prope

levigatd ; aperturd ovatd, obliqud ; sinu laterali pone suturam ;

labro incrassato, inflexo ; canali mediocri. Axis 5 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America. Under stones at low

water.

Cuavatuta rieipa. Clav. testd ovatd, retusd ; anfractibus quinis,

costulatis, superné angulatis, transversim striatis; suturd sim-

plici ; aperturd oblongd, labro crenulato ; columelld rugosd ; canali

brevi. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. Panama.

Manee i, Leach.

The shells of this group are distinguished by their small size, oval

and attenuated shape, long linear mouth, terminated in a short canal,

very slightly recurved ; outer lip nearly straight, the immediate mar-

gin acute, but strengthened by the last-formed rib ; above shouldered,

with a slight emargination, which does not admit of being called a

sinus, and with the margin not callous; apparently not formed be-

fore the full development of the shell; inner lip slightly produced ;

suture always simple; last whorl not at all inflated, and occupying

one-half or more of the entire length; sculpture consisting of longi-

tudinal fold-like ribs, terminating at the suture ; very probably with-

out an operculum, as Philippi observes that the animal of Pleurotoma

Bertrandi, which belongs to this genus, is not provided with one.

Restricted in this manner, a number of shells may be separated with

advantage from the now bulky and somewhat incongruous genus

Pleurotoma; and in this discrimination I have kept in view the

Mangelia Goodalii of Leach, but have been by no means guided by

the genus, as adopted by Risso.

Manecenra cinnaMomeEa. Mang. testd attenuatd, nitidd, cinna-

momed, albo fasciatd ; anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis, trans-

versim levissim? striatis ; faucibus crenulatis. Axis 43 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea; Straits of Macassar ; Straits of

Malacca. From five to twenty-two fathoms; mud.

Mancexia coronata. Mang. testd attenuata, acuminatd ; anfrac-

tibus senis, plico-costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis superne

subacuminatis ; faucibus levibus. Axis 4 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar.

Maneenra virrata. Mang. testd attenuatd, pallidd, fusco fasciatd ;

anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis

numerosis ; faucibus crenulatis. Axis 33 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand.

Maneeria oriza. Mang. testd attenuatd, acuminatd, levigatd,

nitidd, hexagone plico-costulatd; anfractibus septenis ; faucibus

levibus. Axis 44 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ;

mud.

MAnGELIA CELEBENSIS. Mang. testd attenuatd, lavigatd, pallidd,

fSusco late fasciatd ; anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis ; costulis

subdistantibus ; faucibus crenulatis. Axis 34 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; mud.

Mr. Reeve then communicated his description of a new species of

Cyclostoma, from the Cordilleras Mountains.

CycLostoma sTRAMINEUM. Cycl. testd orbiculari, subdepressd,

stramineo-luted, spird versus apicem rosaced ; usquequaque ele-

gantissime striatd, striis, ab umbilico exorientibus, diagonaliter

collocatis ; aperturd fere circulari, superné subsinuatd, peritremate

simplici ; operculo testaceo, albo, multi-spirali.

Icon. Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., pl. xxix. f. 211, 212.

Hab. Ad Meridam, Columbize Occidentalis. From the collection

of H. Cuming, Esq.

This very peculiarly striated shell was lately found by a gentleman

whilst searching for Orchidaceous plants at the base of the Cordil-

leras Mountains.

April 11, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Descriptions of ten new species of Cancellaria, from the collection

of Sir Edward Belcher, by Mr. Hinds, were read.

CANCELLARIA VENTRICOSA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminatd, albes-

cente ; anfractibus septenis, ventricosis, subturbinatis, cancellatis,

interstitiis quadratis ; aperturd oblongd, prope mediam dilatatd ;

labio interno expanso ;* columella triplicatéd ; umbilico mediocri.

Axis 15 lin.

Hab. The west coast of America, between 12° 28! and 24° 38!,

north latitude; viz. Realejo, in from sixty to seventy fathoms ; San

Blas; Gulf of Magdalena, California, in seven fathoms, sandy mud.

Very similar in its characters to C. candida, but distinguished from

it in the absence of the secondary impressed lines which cross and

interfere with the cancellation. C. candida is described with only

two columellar folds, which might be regarded as another source of

difference, our shell having three very distinct. But I think it will

be found on close examination that the former has a third incipient

fold, which, though very small, truly exists.

CANCELLARIA URCEOLATA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminata, levigatd,

epidermide fuscd indutd ; anfractibus septenis, costatis, superneé

subangulatis, ultimo subquadrato ; costis parviusculis, rotundatis,

lineis elevatis decussatis ; aperturd oblonga in canalem recurvum

effusum desinente; labro subrecto, intus sulcato; labio interno

expanso ; columelld biplicatd, sed plicd tertid inferiore obsoletd ;

plicd superiore in dente acuto desinente, sinu inferiore magno ; um-

bilico parvo. Axis 16 lin.

Hab. The west coast of America, between 12° 2’ and 21° 32! north

latitude ; viz. Gulf of Papagayo, in from eight to fourteen fathoms ;

San Blas, in seven fathoms.

The elevations which cross this shell are remarkably disposed. If

the finger-nail is driven over the shell, from the base towards the

apex, it meets with no resistance, but if in the contrary direction it

is obstructed at every elevation. ‘The squareness of the last whorl

and the straight outer lip have a mutual relation, since they are de-

pendent on each other ; and these characters, taken collectively, will

be of value in making a diagnosis between nearly allied species.

CANCELLARIA ALBIDA. Cane. testd oblongd, subattenuatd, cancel-

latd, albescente ; anfractibus sepienis, interstitiis transversis vel

subquadratis ; aperturd oblonga ; labra acuto, intis sulcato ; colu-

melld biplicatd, plicd tertid inferiore obsoletd ; wmbilico minimo,

subocculto ; canali mediocri, contorto. Axis 13 lin.

No. CXXIII.—Proverpines or tnz Zoon. Soc.

Hab, The west coast of America, between 2° 47’ south, and 9° 55!

north latitude ; viz. Bay of Guayaquil, Panama, and Veragua, in from

seven to twenty-three fathoms.

CANCELLARIA CREMATA. Canc. testd oblongd, subuttenuatd, fusca,

lucidd ; anfractibus quinis, cancellatis, interstitiis magnis, trans-

versis vel subquadratis ; aperturd oblongd, superné plicd unicd ;

labro intis sulcis subdistantibus, labio interno expanso ; columelld

triplicatd ; umbilico mediocri ; canali breviusculo. Axis 10 lin.

Hab. Bay of Panama; from a muddy bed in from four to ten fa-

thoms.

The figures in the ‘Conchological Illustrations,’ Cancellaria 9 and

10, appear to me to represent two distinct species, both of which were

collected in the Sulphur. Fig. 10 corresponds more closely with the

description of C. indentata, and to this I would limit the species. The

opinion which I had formed from the specimens in my own posses-

sion, became fully confirmed in the examination of those in Mr. Cu-

ming’s collection, and a fine shell belonging to him enables me to

enrich the description. It may be desirable to remark that M. Kie-

ner has copied both figures, and assigns them to one species.

CaNCELLARIA corRUGATA, Canc. testd bucciniformi, fused ; an-

fractibus quaternis, subventricosis, rugis parvis longitudinalibus

confertis indutis, lineis impressis decussatis ; aperturd oblongd,

fused; labro intis sulcato ; columella plicis duabus albidis instructd ;

umbilico nullo ; canali mediocri. Axis 8 lin.

Hab. Bay of Guayaquil. From seven fathoms; mud.

CaNCELLARIA ELATA. Canc. testd ovatd, elongatd, acuminatd ; an-

fractibus septenis costatis, superneé angulatis, lineis elevatis decus-

satis ; suturd profundd ; aperturd ovali ; peritremate superne dis-

juncto ; labro intis sulcato; columella triplicatd, plicd inferiore

maaximd ; umbilico parvo, subocculto ; canali inflexo. Axis 9 lin.

Hab. A single specimen was obtained at Panama, from thirty fa-

thoms.

This shell will always be readily distinguished by its elongated

form, shouldered ribs, and by the remarkable circumstance of the

plaits on the columella being reversed in size, the inferior being the

largest.

CaNcELLARIA FuNICULATA. Canc. testd ovutd, elongatd; anfrac-

tibus senis, costatis, superné subangulatis ; costis subdistantibus

elevatis, rotundatis, nodulosis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; suturd

profunda ; labro intis sulcato ; columelld plicis tribus parvis ; um-

bilico marginato ; canali subnullo. Axis 8 lin.

Hab. A single specimen only was obtained by the dredge from

seven fathoms, sandy mud, in the Gulf of Magdalena, California.

CANCELLARIA BICOLOR. Canc. testd retusd, contabulatd, fusco-

nigricante ; anfractibus septenis, angulatis, procul costatis ; costis

acutis, lineis elevatis distantibus decussatis; aperturd trigond,

superne callositate albd ; labro reflexo, intiis sulcato; columelld

triplicatd ; umbilico magno. Axis 11 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar; from ten fathoms, coarse sand. Mr.

Cuming obtained specimens at the Island of Corregidor, Bay of Ma-

nila, from seven fathoms, also in coarse sand. A banded variety was

obtained in the same locality.

A nearly allied species is the American shell, C. rigida of Sowerby ;

but the present is a larger shell, with sharper distant ribs, crossed at

regular distances by slightly elevated lines, and the peritreme is not

crenulate. The ribs of C. rigida are nodulous from the crossing

lines, which are also disposed to rugosity throughout. In C. bicolor

the lines are particularly regular and uniform in their characters.

This is one of several species which were obtained both in the Sul-

phur and by Mr. Cuming in the Asiatic seas. It is worthy of re-

mark, that the specimens from the seas about the Philippines are

uncommonly fine, and the use of them permits me to complete my

descriptions more fully, and to note with more accuracy their geo-

graphical diffusion.

CANCELLARIA LAMELLOSA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminatd, pallidd,

contabulatd ; anfractibus senis, ventricosis, lamellis numerosis

confertis, crenatis, in loco costarum instructis ; aperturd trigond ;

labro incrassato, reflexo ; columella plicis tribus parvis ; umbilico

magno ; canali subnullo. Axis 74 lin,

Hab. This species has an extensive habitat, being found in several

places in the Indian Archipelago and at the Cape of Good Hope.

At the latter a single specimen was obtained on the Lagulhas Bank

in seventy fathoms; also at Ceylon and in the Straits of Macassar.

Mr. Cuming also procured specimens in seven fathoms, coarse sand,

at the Island of Corregidor, in the Bay of Manila. ,

Corresponding to the customary situation of the ribs, this species

throws off series of lamelle, two or more in number, which present a

sharp, reflected, crenated margin. These are clustered together in

very irregular numbers, sometimes there being only two, or perhaps

even one ; but as the shell advances in age they are usually crowded

together in some numbers, and this remarkable and elegant character

will readily distinguish it from any other species.

CANCELLARIA ANTIQUATA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminatd, contabu-

latd, albidd ; anfractibus septenis, planulatis, costatis, transverse?

striatis ; costis acutis, supern® spinis cavis desinentibus ; apertu-

rd trigond; labro reflewo ; columella plicis tribus minimis ; um-

bilico maximo. Axis 7 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; in twenty-two fathoms, coarse sand. Also ob-

tained by Mr. Cuming at the island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila,

in seven fathoms, coarse sand.

A species nearly allied to the singular C. trigonostoma, having a

similar relative situation of the whorls to each other, anda very large

umbilicus. This is a smaller shell, with a shorter spire, and sutures

less profound.

A letter from Mr. J. E. Gray, addressed to the Curator, was read.

This letter refers to some species of Bats from Jamaica, which Dr.

Richard Parnell had sent to Mr. Gray. Among these, Mr. Gray ob-

serves, are some specimens of the genus Macrotis, a genus which he

had recently established upon a Bat from Hayti, showing that this

form is likewise extended to Jamaica.

‘* The collection also contains a specimen of Arctibeus Jamaicensis,

Leach, and some specimens of a new genus, which is very interest-

ing, as being a Noctilionine Bat, with an apparent nose-leaf, bearing

a much greater resemblance to the Leaf-nosed Bats (Phyllostomina)

than even Mormoops, which, when he first described it, Dr, Leach re-

ferred to that group. Indeed at first sight I was inclined to regard

the new bat as belonging to the Leaf-nosed Bats; but on examination

I found that the nostrils, instead of being placed on the leaf-like pro-

cess, which is the character of that group, were on the under side of

the nose- keel, and quite separate from it.

“This genus may for this reason be called Phyllodia, and it is

thus characterized :—

‘‘Head moderate; nose rather produced, with a sharp-edged

transverse keel, with the nostrils on the lower side of the keel, and

an ovate, lanceolate, fleshy process on the middle of the upper surface;

chin with a single, transverse, membranaceous fold, surrounding a

triangular group of many small warts ; ears lateral ; tragus distinct ;

wings long, rather narrow; thumb moderate, lower joint rather

shortest ; wing from the upper part of the ankle; interfemoral mem-

brane large, truncated ; heel-bone long, strong ; tail enclosed, half as

long as the membrane, with the tip above it, and with a vessel from

each side of its tip to the hinder margin of the membrane.

«These characters show that this genus has much resemblance

with Mormoops, and especially Chilonycteris, but it differs from the

former in having no transverse membranaceous fold on the face, and

from the latter, with which it agrees in having a membranaceous fold

across the chin, in having a fleshy, erect, leaf-like expansion on the

upper surface of the nose, which is wanting in that genus.”

Mr. Gray proposes to name this species after Dr. R. Parnell, so

well known for his works on the fishes and grasses of Scotland.

Puyxiopia Parnettu. Phyll. auribus magnis, subacutis ; vellere

cinerascenti-fusco, pilis ad apicem obscurioribus.

The following note on the Spermatozoa of the Camel (Camelus

Bactrianus, Linn.), by Mr. Gulliver, was then read :—

“In my observations on the Semen and Seminal Tubes of Mam-

malia and Birds, published in the Proceedings of the Society, July 26,

1842, I have noticed the form of the spermatozoa of the Dromedary.

As I am not aware that the seminal animalcules of the Camel and

Dromedary have yet been described, I now exhibit drawings of them

to the Society.

«* Although the blood-corpuscles of the Camelide have the same

form as the blood-corpuscles of oviparous vertebrate animals, it will be

observed that the Camel, like the Dromedary, has spermatozoa of the

same type as the spermatozoa of other Mammalia, several of which

are figured in Professor Wagner’s excellent ‘ Elements of Physiology,’

translated by Dr. Willis, part i. page 11.”

Various specimens presented to the Society since the previous

Meeting were laid on the table; they consisted of a very valuable

collection of insects from the interior of South Africa, presented by

the President, the Earl of Derby ; a specimen of a Manis from China,

presented by the Honourable Sir Alexander Johnstone; and a series

of Insects, Birds’ Eggs, &c., collected at Samsoon and Erzeroom by

the Society’s Corresponding Members, E. D. Dickson, Esq., and H.

J. Ross, Esq. This last-mentioned collection also contained a spe-

cimen of the European Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis of authors),

and of the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus, Linn.).

Mr. Fraser exhibited a specimen of a Pouched Rat (Cricetomys

Gambianus) and various species of Birds which he had procured on

the western coast of Africa during the Niger expedition, and read

the following notes relating to them :—

Cricetomys Gambianus, Wat. Lives in holes in the ground, more

abundantly under the storehouses, where of a night they may be

heard squeaking and fighting, similar to our common Rat (Mus decu-

manus, Linn.); they climb the paw-paw trees and feed on the fruit

as it hangs: the cheek-pouches contained paw-paw seeds. Caught

in iron gins baited with boiled yam. The natives set great store on

this animal, its flesh being considered the greatest delicacy that can

be offered at a wedding-feast.

Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po. Common. —

Neophron niger, Less., Cathartes monachus, 'Temm. Pl. Col. 222.

Common in the neighbourhood of Cape Coast Castle, living in the

smaller trees near the houses.

Hirundo leucosoma, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B. of

W. Africa, page 74, 1837.

Hab. Accra. ~ Very common.

Ispida bicincta, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii.; B. of W.

Africa. Common: seen in flocks of six or eight, making a continual

chattering noise as they fly ; this species dives into the salt as well as

fresh water, sometimes from the height perhaps of twenty feet; I

have seen them hover over their scaly prey like a kestril.

Hab. Fernando Po and river Niger, as far up as Iddah.

Macronyzx flavigaster, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vii. ; B.

of W. Africa, p. 215, 1837.

Hab. Accra.

Ploceus textor, Cuv.

Hab. Cape Palmas, Cape Coast and Fernando Po.

At each of the above places I found this bird extremely common ;

they commit much mischief in the rice and Indian-corn plantations.

As many as fifty pairs may be seen building their domed nests in one

tree, and in the neighbourhood of houses : they lay from four to five

mottled eggs, varying as much in size, colour and markings as do our

common Sparrow (Pyrgita domestica, Cuv.) ; they are extremely ac-

tive and noisy, continuing fighting and chattering from daybreak to

sundown: the nest is composed of coarse grass interwoven, some-

times fixed in a forked branch of a tree and at other times suspended.

Ploceus brachypterus, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vii.; B.

of W. Africa, p. 168. pl. 10, 1837.

Hab. Fernando Po.

Found in company with P. textor, living in the gardens round

Clarence. Irides white.

Ploceus personatus, Vieill. Gal. des Ois. pl. 84.

Hab. Cape Coast.

Euplectes oryx, Swains., Lovia oryz, Vieill.

Hab. Cape Coast. Common: frequents the Indian-corn planta-

tions.

Vidua chrysonota, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vii. ; B. of

W. Africa, p. 178, 1837.

Hab. Cape Palmas.

Vidua erythrorhynchus, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vil. ;

B. of W. Africa, p. 176. pl. 12, 1837.

Hab. Cape Palmas. Common.

Passer simplex, Pyrgita simplex, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.)

vii.; B. of W. Africa, p. 208, 1837.

Hab. Cape Coast and Accra.

Passer Jagoensis, Gould. Voy. of Beag. (Birds) p. 95. pl. 31.

Pyrgita Jagoensis, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 77.

Hab. St. Vincent’s and St. Antonio, Cape Verde Islands (June).

Lamprotornis chrysonotis, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vil. ;

p. 143. pl. 6, 1837.

Hab. Fernando Po.

Very shy : irides white, bill and legs black, nostrils large and open.

Caws somewhat like a crow; makes a burring noise like a parrot

when beginning to fly; lives in the loftiest trees. The gizzard con-

tained small seeds and red berries. The sexes do not differ.

Cuculus rubiculus, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B. of

W. Africa, p. 181, 1837.

Hab. Fernando Po.

Very shy: irides red hazel, cere and legs bright yellow, base of

both mandibles yellow, mouth red.

Zanclostomus flavirostris, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.)

viii. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 183. pl. 19, 1837.

Hab. Fernando Po (June).

Somewhat like a magpie, jerking and bobbing its tail and making

a carr-r-r-r-ring noise as it hops from branch to branch; also a fast

runner. A mantis found in the gizzard. Irides red, bill yellow, legs

nearly black, cere turquois colour. The sexes do not differ.

Centropus Senegalensis, Ill., Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.)

viii. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 185. pl. 20, 1837.

Hab. Cape Palmas and Accra.

Found on or near the ground.

Peristera tympanistera, Temm.

Hab. Fernando Po (June).

A female was killed on the nest, which was composed of small

roots, and contained two white eggs; the nest was placed on the

broken part of a small tree, about three feet from the ground. Irides

hazel, bill and feet reddish plum-colour.

Chetopus Adansonii, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B

of W. Africa, p. 217, 1837.

Hab. Central Africa.

This specimen was shot nearly opposite Iddah, about two hundred

miles up the river Niger (August).

Glareola torquata, Temm.

Hab. Accra.

Rhynchops Orientalis, Riippell, Atl. Zool. pl. 24.

Hab. Mouth of the river Nin (August).

Mr. Fraser also called attention to two specimens of a species of

Manis, which he laid before the Meeting. These, he observed, agreed

in their characters with the species described by Mr. Gray in a com-

munication read at the Meeting for February 28th of the present

year, under the name Manis multiscutata. They were procured by

Mr. Fraser at Fernando Po, and upon his return to England he had,

upon comparing the specimens on the table with others of the Manis

tetradactyla, perceived those differences upon which Mr. Gray founds

the M. multiscutata. The animals, judging from their bones, were

evidently not adult; the largest measured thirty inches in length, of

which the head and body were twelve inches, and the tail eighteen

inches. He had kept them alive for about a week at Fernando Po,

and allowed them the range of a room, where they fed upon a small

black ant, which is very abundant and troublesome in the houses

and elsewhere. Even when first procured they displayed little or

no fear, but continued to climb about the room without noticing his

occasional entrance. They would climb up the somewhat roughly-

hewn square posts which supported the building with great facility,

and upon reaching the ceiling would return head foremost; some-

times they would roll themselves up into a ball and throw themselves

down, and apparently without experiencing any inconvenience from

the fall, which was in a measure broken upon reaching the ground

by the semi-yielding scales, which were thrown into an erect posi-

tion by the curve of the body of the animal. In climbing, the tail,

with its strongly pointed scales beneath, was used to assist the feet ;

and the grasp of the hind feet, assisted by the tail, was so powerful,

that the animal would throw the body back (when on the post) ina

horizontal position and sway itself to and fro, apparently taking

pleasure in this kind of exercise. It always slept with the body

rolled up; and when in this position in a corner of the building,

owing to the position and strength of the scales and the power of

the limbs combined, Mr. Fraser found it impossible to remove the

animal against its will, the points of the scales being inserted into

every little notch and hollow of the surrounding objects. The eyes

are black and very prominent. The colonial name for this species of

Manis is Attadillo, and it is called by the Booby, ‘ Gahlah.’

April 25, 1843.

No Meeting was held.

cet

May 9, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Hinds proceeded with his descriptions of new species of Shells

collected during the voyage of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., and by H.

Cuming, Esq., in his late visit to the Philippine Islands: those cha-

racterized in the paper read were laid on the table. '

Genus Corsuta, Bruguiére.

Corsuia crassa. Corb. testd solidd, incrassatd, elevatd, albidd,

inequilaterali, latere antico paululiim superante, longitudinaliter

sulcatd, anticé rotundatd, postice ad extremitatem truncata, ab um-

bone ad marginem posticam biangulatd ; valvarum margine ventrali

inclausd, gibbosissimd, sinistre postice denticulatd ; umbonibus

obliquis, posticis ; intis fuscd. Long. 11; lat. 7; alt. 7 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar ; Straits of Malacca; Sabonga, island of

Zebu; Bais, island of Negros, Philippines. Obtained in from seven

to thirty fathoms, on a floor of coarse sand or gravel.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Remarkable for the preponderance of the bulk of the anterior half

over the posterior, a circumstance which also occurs in C. bicarinata.

This, however, depends in some measure on the age, and is thus

most conspicuous in those specimens which may be considered as

beyond adult age.

Corsuta TunicaTa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, obliqud, anticé ro-

tundatd, postice nasutd, excavatd, ab umbonibus angulatd ; valvis

inequalibus, dextréd precipue maxima, valde sulcatd, epidermide

tenui corned indutd, sinistrad prope umbonem sulcatd, aliter epi-

dermide densd induté ; umbonibus obliquis posticis ; intis fusca.

Long. 12; lat. 7; alt. 9 lin.

Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila; in seven fathoms, coarse

sand. Straits of Macassar; Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope:

from seventy fathoms, on a gravelly bottom.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

CorsuLa cunEaTa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, equilaterali, solida,

complanatd, sulcatd, antice rotundatd, postice angulatd ; valvis

subequalibus, marginibus ventralibus gibbosis inclausis ; umbonibus

rectis ; intus purpurascente. Long. 7; lat. 3; alt. 5 lin.

Hab. Catbalonga, Philippine Islands; from ten fathoms, soft mud.

Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope; from seventy fathoms.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Corzsuta PpALLipa. Corb. testd ovatd, tenui, elevatiusculd, sulcatd,

No. CXXIV.—ProckeEpines or THE ZOOL. Soc.

antice rotundata, postice ab umbonibus ad marginem posticam an-

gulata, value dextre margine ventrali acutd, inflerd ; umbonibus

levigatis, rectis ; intts prope cardinem rosed. Long. 74; lat. 3;

alt. 5 lin.

Hab. r

Cab. Cuming.

CorsuLa simitis. Corb. testd ovatd, solidd, sulcatd, antice ele-

vatiusculd, rotundatd, postice ad marginem posticam oblique trun-

catd, ab umbonibus angulatd ; valvis inequalibus, dextrd margine

ventrali subacutd, productd ; umbonibus subobliquis ; intis rosed,

dente valv@ sinistre bifido. Long. 6; lat. 8; alt. 4 lin.

Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila; in seven fathoms,

coarse sand.

Cab. Cuming.

CorsuLa scaPHorpEs. Corb. testd oblongd, ordinate sulcatd, in-

terstitiis levissime striatis, antice rotundatd, postice elongatd, ad

extremitatem oblique truncatd, ab umbonibus subcarinatd ; valve

dextre margine ventrali acuta, productd ; umbonibus rectis. Long.

6; lat. 24; alt. 34 lin.

Hab. Singapore; from seven fathoms, sandy mud. Bais, island

of Negros, Philippines.

Cab. Cuming.

Corsuxa FraciLis. Corb. testd ovatd, tenui, albidd, striatd, striis

transversis minutissimé reticulata, anticé subproductd, rotundatd,

postice elongatd, ab umbonibus subrotundatd ; valve dextre mar-

gine ventrali acutd, productd ; umbonibus rectis, levigatis, equali-

bus. Long. 7; lat. 3; alt. 4 lin.

Hab. West coast of Veragua; from eighteen fathoms, mud.

Cab. Belcher.

CorsBuLa atBucinosa. Corb. testd retuso-ovatd, tenui, antice ro-

tundatd, postice subelongatd, rotundatd ; valvis valdé disparibus,

dextrd longitrorsum striatd, pallida, margine ventrali productd,

acutd, sinistrd levigatd, lineis elevatis radiantibus, epidermide

Suscd indutd ; umbonibus albidis, nitidis, inequalibus. Long. 44;

lat. 2; alt. 33 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar: from seven to twenty-

two fathoms, mud and coarse sand.

Cab. Belcher.

CorpuLa rotaLis. Corb. testd oblongd, corned, antice rotunduatd,

postice subnasutd ; valvis valde disparibus, dextré precipue maxi-

md, rotundatd, sulcatd, margine ventrali productd, acutd, sinistrd

parvd, lineis decenis elevatis radiantibus ; umbonibus valde inequa-

libus, subobliquis, anticis. Long. 23; lat. 14; alt. 14 lin.

Hab. Calapan, Mindora, Philippine Islands ; from fifteen fathoms,

coarse sand.

Cab. Cuming.

Several species of Corbula are provided with elevated lines radia-

ting from the umbo of the left valve towards the ventral margin, but

none have them in such numbers, or so distinctly marked, as in the

present small species. Here they are about ten in number, and with

the great disparity of the valves, will readily distinguish the species.

Corsuta routa. Corb. testa. oblongd, ventricosd, tenui, albidd,

obsoleté sulcatd, antic rotundatd, postice ab umbonibus subangu-

laté ; valvis feré equalibus, dextre margine ventrali acutd, sub-

producta ; umbonibus @qualibus, levigatis, rectis. Long. 34;

lat. 2; alt. 24 lin.

Hab. Sorsogon, province of Albay, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Cab. Cuming.

Corsuta quaprata. Corb. testd quadratd, albidd, tenui, levigatd,

antice rotundato-truncatd, postice rotundato-angulata, abbreviatd ;

valvarum marginibus ventralibus tenuibus ; umbonibus obliquis, an-

ticis ; dentibus parvis, gracilibus. Long. 6; lat. ; alt. 5 lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Metcalfe.

Corsuta opgsa. Corb. testd ovata, tenui, ventricosd, pallida, striatd,

anticé rotundatd, posiice ad extremitatem truncata, ab umbonibus

acute angulatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus inclausis, gib-

bosis ; umbonibus rectis, levigatis. Long. 3; lat. 2; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. The west coast of America, between 8° 57! and 21° 32! north

latitude, in from twenty-two to thirty-three fathoms, mud; namely,

Panama, coast of Veragua, and San Blas.

Cab. Belcher.

Corsuna speciosa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, antice rotundatd,

postice excavate angulatd, albidd, sanguinea, dense multiradiatd ;

valvis valde inequalibus, marginibus ventralibus inclausis, dextrd

rotundatd, sulcatd, sinistrd subplanulatd, striatd; umbonibus rectis,

subplanulatis ; intds albidd. Long. 9; lat. 5; alt. 7 lin.

C. radiata, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Society, p. 36, 1833.

Hab. Panama; from six fathoms, mud. Gulf of Nicoya, Central

America.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

This shell has been described as C. radiata, Sow., a name pre-

viously assigned by M. Deshayes to a fossil species. The description

also was drawn up from such an indifferent shell, that it was almost

by accident I discovered it was to apply to my specimens. I have

therefore been under the necessity of recording a new description.

CorsuLa mopEsTa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, complanatd, pal-

lidd, radiata, profunde sulcatd, antice rotundatd, postice ad extre-

mitatem truncatd, ab umbonibus angulatd ; valvarum marginibus

ventralibus inclausis; umbonibus parvis, subequalibus, roseis ;

*intis rosed. Long. 7; lat. 34; alt. 5 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar ; from seven fathoms, coarse sand. Ticao,

Philippine Islands ; from eight fathoms, sandy mud. The Macassar

specimens are of a dwarf size.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

CorsuLa souipuLa. Corb. testd parvd, ovatd, subtrigond, soliduld,

elevatiusculd, equilaterali, sulcatd ; antice rotundatd, postice an-

gulatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus inclausis, gibbosis ; um-

bonibus rectis, levigatis. Long. 2; lat. 1 ; alt. 14 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar ; from seven fathoms, coarse sand. Bais,

island of Negros, Philippines.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

CorspuLa MARMORATA. Corb. testd parvd, oblonga, soliduld, levi-

gatd, marmoratd, antice rotundatd, postice subangulata ; valvarum

marginibus ventralibus inclausis ; umbonibus obliquis, anticis ; ante

umbones sanguineo maculatd. Long. 2; lat. 1; alt. 14 lin.

Hab. West coast of Veragua; from twenty-six fathoms, mud.

Cab. Belcher.

CorBuLA EBURNEA. Corb. testd parvd, ovatd, subtrigond, eburned,

soliduld, complanatd, levigatd, obsolete sulcatd ; margine ventrali

gibbosd ; umbonibus parvis, subrectis, nitidis ; inttis corned, Long.

2; lat. 1; alt. 14 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea; Camaguing and Bohul, Phi-

lippine Islands : from seven to sixty fathoms, coarse sand and mud.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

This shell closely approaches C. solidula, but is distinguished by

its somewhat more triangular shape, polished, ivory-like, flattened

valves, and the slightly sulcate sculpture.

Corsuta moniLis. Corb. testd minutd, globosd, pallidd, striulatd ;

valvis valde inequalibus, dextrd multd maximd, postice elongatd,

margine ventrali acutd, productd; umbonibus rectis, levigatis.

Long. 1; lat. 2; alt. 2 In.

Hab. Sual, Luzon, Philippine Islands ; from five to seven fathoms,

sandy mud.

Cab. Cuming.

A small globose species remarkable for the inequality of the valves,

the left being sunk into the right. The latter valve is also distin-

guished by the posterior nasute elongation.

Corsuta FasciaTa. Corb. testd ovatd, subtrigond, levigatd, pallidd,

atro-fusco trifasciatd, antice productd, rotundatd, postice elongatd,

ab umbonibus arcuate angulatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus

acutis, convexis, dextre productd ; umbonibus rectis, suberosis.

Long. 64 ; lat. 23; alt. 4 lin.

Var. Testd pallidd, postice subproductiori.

Hab. St. Juan, province of Ilocos, and Agoo, province of Panga-

sinan, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Cab. Cuming.

CorsuLa TRIGoNa. Corb. testd trigond, levigatd, pallidd, fuscd,

vel obsolet? unifasciatd, antice rotundatd, postice abbreviatt, ab

umbonibus angulatd ; valve dextre margine ventrali acutd, pro-

ductd ; umbonibus rectis. Long. 43; lat. 2; alt. 4 lin.

Hab. Senegal.

Cab. Cuming et Metcalfe.

Corsuta Lavis. Corb. testd ovali, equilaterali, pallidd, tenui, le-

vigatd, complanatd ; valve dextre margine ventrali acutd, pro-

ductd ; umbonibus rectis, suberosis. Long. 6; lat. 25; alt. 4 lin:

Hab. Hong-Kong, China.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Both valves are flattened towards their ventral margins in a very

characteristic manner.

CorsuLa rasa. Corb. testd ovali, subequilaterali, elevatiusculd,

tenui, levigatd, pallide fusco trifasciatd, postice ab umbonibus

angulatd ; valve dextre margine ventrali acutd, productd ; um-

bonibus rectis, fragmentis epidermide tenui indutd. Long. 5;

lat. 12; alt. 22 lin.

Hab. St. Miguel, east coast of Luzon, Philippine Islands. Ob-

tained in the mud at low water.

Cab. Cuming.

It is very probable that the four species last described affect situ-

ations where the water is brackish rather than salt ; and though they

retain the hinge of Corbula, in general character they materially

differ from the more typical forms of the genus.

Poramomya, J. Sowerby.

PoramMomya nimBosa. Pot. testd ovato-trigond, levigatd, antice

rotundatd, postice productd, angulatd ; valvis inequalibus, margine

ventrali acutd; umbonibus subequalibus ; epidermide tenui, tene-

brosd, indutd, lineis capillaribus radiantibus ; intis albidd. Long.

17; lat. 8; alt. 11 lin.

Sowerby’s Conch. Manual, f. 498, 499.

Hab. The tributary streams of the Rio de la Plata, in the mud.

Cab. Cuming.

Poramomya ocrEATA. Pot. testd valde inequilaterali, antice abbre-

viatd, rotundatd, postice productd, subnasutd, ab umbone ad mar-

ginem posticam angulatd ; valvd dextrd rotundatd, margine ven-

trali antice productd, acutd ; epidermide fusca indutd ; intts albidd

vel cerulescente. Long. 13; lat. 6; alt. 8 lin.

Hab. Brazil. From freshwater streams.

Cab. Cuming et Metcalfe.

The younger specimens are much less inequilateral than the old.

The following descriptions of new species of Shells belonging to

the genus Cyclostoma, by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, were then read.

CycLostoma PusiLLum, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 23. f. 55*.

Cycl. testd orbiculari, subdiscoided ; apice spire subprominulo ;

anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, lineis incrementi solitm striatis ;

’ suturd profundd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate tenuiusculo, sub-

reflero, postice prope anfractum ultimum subemarginato ; umbilico

patulo ; operculo multispiral, extiis concavo, margine canaliculato,

intis nitido.

Var. a. Found at the roots of shrubs and trees at Calauang, isle

of Luzon, by H. Cuming.

Var. 6. Found under decayed leaves in the isle of Negros, by H.

Cuming.

CycLostoma RUFESCcENS, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 36,

37. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, rufescente, spird brevi, anfractibus

guatuor, rotundatis, spiraliter costellatis et striatis, costellis

crenulatis; suturd profundd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate tenui ;

umbilico magno.

There are two varieties of this species, one of a dark red colour,

the other almost white. They were communicated by Mr. Powis,

from Martinique.

CycLostoMa PLEBEIUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 40.

Cycl. testd subglobosd, tenui, obscurd, subfuscd, spird breviusculd ;

anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, rapide crescentibus, apice obtusi-

usculo ; suturd distinctd ; apertura magnd, circulari, peritremate ,

tenui; umbilico parvulo ; operculo multispirali, extis albicante,

maculd centrali, depressd, margine canaliculato, intis nitido.

Found in the earth under decayed leaves at Calauang, in the pro-

vince of Laguna, isle of Luzon, by H. Cuming.

Cyciostoma spurcum, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 75, 76.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, rufescente-fuscd, spird prominuld ; an-

fractibus quatuor, rotundatis, albicante-subvariegatis, spiraliter

striatis et subcarinatis, suturd distinctd, subcrenulatd ; aperturd

circulari, peritremate albo, tenui, subreflexo ; umbilico parvo ;

operculo crassiusculo, anfractibus quinis.

From the Seychelle Islands. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

Cyctostoma Crncrnnus, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 77,

78. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subturritd, tenui, albidd, interdim

Fusco-unifasciatd ; anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, postice spiralitér

sulcatis, sulcis subdistantibus, antice spiralitér striatis ; suturdé

distinctd ; apertura circulari, peritremate tenui, versus umbilicum

parvum subreflexo, apice obtusiusculo.

Locality not known. In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

CycLostoma NiTIDUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 29. f. 225,

226, 227. Cycl. testd globoso-comicd, tenui, pellucida, levi,

alba, interdiim fusco-variegatd, spird acuminatd, anfractibus quinis,

rotundatis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso, aperturd circulari, peritre-

mate reflexo, latere columellari subsinuato ; suturd distinctd ; um-

bilico parvo ; operculo tenui, corneo, spirali.

Var. a. Shell pale, closely dotted with brown; on leaves of bushes

in the isle of Guimaras.

Var. 6. Shell pale, with brown dots and bands; from the same

locality as a.

Var. c, Shell white ; same locality as a, and on leaves of trees at

Sibonga.

Var. d. Shell pale ; found at Cabanatuan.

Var. e. Shell pale, with brown streaks and dots; from the island

of Guimaras.

CycLostoma concinnuM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 29. f. 223,

224. Cycl. testé globoso-conicd, tenui, pellucidd, levi, albidd,

viridi-fusco spiraliter lineatd, spird acuminatd, anfrdactibus quinis,

rotundatis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso ; apertura circulari, peri-

tremate reflexo, latere columellari subsinuato ; suturd distinctd ;

umbilico parvo ; operculo tenui, corneo, spirali.

Several varieties of this very pretty species have been brought

by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands ; they are as follows :-—

Var. a. Shell with numerous brownish spiral lines. On leaves of

trees at Jacna, isle of Bohol.

Var. 6. Shell white, opake, with hyaline spiral lines and a brown

band in front. Found on leaves of bushes at Misamis, island of

Mindanao.

Var. c. Shell like var. , but without the brown band. On leaves

of trees, island of Camaguing.

Var. d. Shell with broader brownish spiral lines. Found on leaves

of bushes at Loon, island of Bohol.

Var. e. With the spiral brownish bands subinterrupted. Found

at Marabojoc, island of Bohol, on leaves of trees.

Var. f. Shell pale brown, covered with a thin epidermis with his-

pid spiral lines. Found on leaves of bushes at Loboe, island of Bohol.

Cyctostoma aquitum, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 27. f. 131.

Cycl. testa suborbiculari, subdepressd, tenuiusculd, levi, fulves-

cente-fusco, nonnunquam cingulo pallescente mediano ; spird brevi,

acuminatiusculd, anfractibus quinis, subplanulatis, primis paulu-

lim carinatis, ultimo maximo, rotundato ; aperturd circulari, ex-

pansd, albicante vel fulvescente, peritremate subincrassato, reflexo,

supra anfractum ultimum interrupto, latere umbilicali subsinuato ;

umbilico magno.

Found in the woods at Singapore under decayed leaves, by H.

Cuming.

CycLosToMA IRRoRATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 27. f. 134,

135. Cyel. testé subgloboso-conicd, tenui, levi, pallescente, fusco-

irroratd, plerumque cingulo mediano nigricante ; spird elevatius-

culd, apice nigricante, obtuso ; anfractibus quinis, ventricosis,

primim subcarinatis, deinde rotundatis ; suturd tenui; aperturd

fere circulari, postice obsoleté subacuminatd, anfractu ultimo tenui-

ter modificato, peritremate crassiusculo, rotundato-reflexo ; um-

bilico mediocri.

Numerous specimens of this species have been imported from

China within the last few years.

CycLosToMA suBSTRIATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 25. f. 95.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressd, crassiusculd, leviusculd, fus-

cescente, spird brevissimd, submucronatd ; anfractibus quatuor,

rotundatis, postice transversim striatis, striis ex suturd profundd

radiantibus, antice levibus ; aperturd circulari, peritremate subin-

erassato, subreflexo ; umbilico lato ; operculo multispirali, latere

canaliculato, intis nitido.

Found in earth under decayed leaves in the island of Siquijod, by

H. Cuming.

CycLosToMma sEMIsuLcATUM, nob.,'Thes. Conch. part 3. pl.25. f.99.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressiusculd, tenuiusculd, albicante,

fascid angusté mediand, fusco-nigricante, postice plerumque brun-

neo-variegata ; spird brevi, anfractibus quinque, postice spiraliter

sulcatis, sulcis distantibus, anticé leviter striatis vel levibus ; su-

turd distinctd ; aperturd fere circulari, peritremate incrassato,

subreflexo, posticé angulifero ; umbilico lato, intis spiraliter stri-

ato ; operculo corneo, crassiusculo, extis sublamelloso, intis levi.

Cyciostoma Panayensg, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 239.

Cycl. testa globoso-conicd, tenuissimd, pellucida, levi, fuscescente,

spird brevi, obtusiusculd, anfractibus quinque, spiraliter et distan-

ter substriatis, rotundatis, ultimo antice ad peripheriam carina

obsoletd munito ; aperturd magnd, fere circulari, peritremate lato,

reflexo, ad ultimum anfractum tnterrupto, margine interno albo,

externo fusco ; umbilico parvo ; operculo tenui, anfractibus 5—6.

Found on leaves of buslies in the island of Panay and in the moun-

tains of Basey, island of Samar, by H. Cuming.

CycLosToMA LUTEOSTOMA, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 228,

229. Cycl. testé globoso-conicd, tenui, pellucida, albidd, epider-

mide tenui, corned indutd ; spird acuminata ; anfractibus quinque,

rotundatis, ultimo magno, ventricoso ; apertura subcirculari, peri-

tremate refleco, aurantiaco, latere columellari subsinuato, prope

ultimum anfractum interrupto ; suturd distinctd ; umbilico parvo ;

operculo tenui corneo, multispirali.

On leaves of bushes in the island of Guimaras.

Cyciostoma insienz, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 232.

Cycl. testd subglobosd, subconoided, pretenui, corned, pellucida,

viridescente fuscd, spird acuminatiusculd ; anfractibus quinque,

primis rotundatis, levibus, duabus ultimis tenerrim2 transversim

striatis, margine acute carinato, postice subplanulatis, 5- ad 7-

carinatis, ultimo maximo, ante carinam subobsoleté 2- vel 3-cari-

natis ; aperturd magnd, subcirculari, peritremate tenui, reflexo,

intiis albo, ultimo anfractu modificato ; umbilico exiguo; operculo

: tenui, corneo.

Found on leaves of trees at Calapan, island of Mindoro, by H.

Cuming.

Cyctosroma Fisuta, Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 240, 241, 242.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conicd, tenui, cinerascente-fuscd vel al-

bidd, nonnunquam fusco angulatim strigatd, spird acuminatiusculd,

anfractibus 5-6, levibus, lineis spiralibus nonnullis elevatiusculis,

ultimd magnd, antice obtuse carinatd, ante peripheriam subplanu-

latd ; aperturd subobliqud, rotundato-subquadratd, peritremate re-

flewo, supra ultimum anfractum late interrupto, latere umbilicali

rotundato revoluto ; umbilico parvo, angusto ; operculo tenui, cor-

neo, anfractibus 6-7.

Several varieties of this species were brought from the Philippine

Islands by Mr. Cuming ; they are as follows :—

Var. a. Shell greyish red. Found on leaves of trees at St. Juan,

in the province of Cagayan, island of Luzon.

Var. b. Shell white, with angular brown stripes. Same locality as a.

Var. c. Shell white, with very delicate brownish streaks. Same

locality as a.

Var. d. Shell larger; white. Found upon palm-leaves near Cata-

naun, in the province of Tayabas, island of Luzon.

Var. e. Shell small; white. On leaves of trees at Lallo, in the

province of Cagayan.

Cyciostoma L&vE, Gray ; C. immaculatum, Chemnitz.

Of this species Mr. Cuming has collected the following varieties,

viz.

Var. a. Shell white, with an obsolete keel. Found on leaves of

trees at Bulinao, province of Zambales.

Var. 6. Shell whitish, covered with small brown streaks and dots.

Same locality as a.

Var. c. Shell white, with a brown band in front. Same locality as a.

Var. d. Shell of a pale colour, with a brown circumferential band.

Found on leaves of bushes at Sinait, in the province of South Ilocos,

island of Luzon.

Var. e. Shell pale, with strongly marked irregular stripes of brown.

Same locality as a.

CycLosToMA PERPLEXUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 243,

244. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subconicd, tenui, albidd, pallide

fusco varie nubeculatd, spird brevi, anfractibus quinque, subrotun-

datis, levibus, ultimo ad peripheriam subcarinato, postice lineis

levatiusculis distantibus nonnullis munito ; suturd indistinctd ; aper-

turd subcirculari, peritremate crassiusculo, reflexo, ad ultimum an-

Sractum interrupto, latere umbilicali revoluto ; umbilico mediocri.

Found on bushes at Abulug, isle of Luzon, by Mr. Cuming.

CycLosroma MucronattM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3, pl.25. f.91.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressd, pallescente-fuscd, tenui, spird

brevi, mucronatd ; anfractibus quatuor, rapide crescentibus, rotun-

datis, tenerrime transversim striatis ; suturd validd ; aperturd cir-

culari, peritremate duplici, externo lato, subreflexo, interno angusto,

lineari ; umbilico lato ; operculo multispirali, suturd anfractuum

lamellosd, margine canaliculato, intis nitido.

Found by Mr. Cuming under decayed leaves at Calauang in Luzon.

Cyciostoma FULVESCENS, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 25. f. 79,

80. Cycl. testd globoso-conicd, tenuiusculd, pallidé brunned, spird

subacuminatd, anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, confertim spiraliter

striatis, ultimo maximo ; aperturd fere circulari, peritremate tenui ;

suturd distinctd ; umbilico parvo.

From Madagascar. Sent to Mr. Cuming by Mr. Petit.

CycLosTtoma LINGULATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 208,

209, 210. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subdepresso-conoided, tenuius-

culd, levigatd, pallidé fusco varie maculatd, vel radiatim strigatd,

spird brevi, subacuminatd, upice obtusiusculo ; suturd subincon-

spicud ; anfractibus 45, ventricosiusculis, plerumque acutimargi-

natis, nonnunquam margine ultimi rotundato ; aperturd circulari,

peritremate pallido, plerumque duplici, interno lineari, externo

latiori, reflexo, supra umbilicum plus minusve late extenso ; umbilico

mediocri ; operculo corneo, tenui, multispirali.

Var. a. Distinctly keeled, dark brown, white-spotted near the

suture and at the circumference. Found on leaves of bushes in the

island of Siquijod.

Var. 6. Of a pale colour, variously mottled with dark brown.

Found in the same locality as var. a.

Var. c. Of a dark brown colour, with angular radiating white

stripes. Found on leaves of bushes at Daleguete, in the island of

Zebu.

Var. d. Strongly keeled, with dark brown marks radiating from

the suture, and speckled with brown. Also from Daleguete.

Var. e. Last volution rounded. Found on leaves of bushes at

Sibonga, in the island of Zebu.

Var. f. Last volution rounded, colour very pale, variously mottled

and speckled with brown. Found on leaves of bushes at Loboc,

island of Bohol.

Var. g. Of a very dark colour, variously mottled, and with the

ligulate appendage of the lip very small. Found on leaves of bushes

at Argao, in the island of Zebu.

Var. h. Of a paler colour, but in other respects like g. Found on

leaves of bushes at Loboc.

CycLosToMA ATRICAPILLUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30.

f. 230, 231. Cycl. testé globoso-pyramidali, tenui, nitiduld, albi-

cante, varie fusco-strigatd, apice nigro, anfractibus 5, subrotunda-

tis, plus minusve obsolete spiraliter carinatis ; suturd distinctd ;

aperturd rotundatd, superne subacuminatd, peritremate acuto, re-

flexo, latere umbilicali subsinuato, ultimi anfractus interrupto ;

umbilico parvo ; operculo corneo, tenui.

Mr. Cuming has brought the following varieties, viz. :—

Var. a. Nearly white, mottled variously with pale brown. Found

on leaves of trees and bushes at Puerto-galero, isle of Mindoro.

Var. 6. Of a brown colour, with pale mottlings. From the same

locality as a.

Var. c. Of a pale colour mottled with dark brown, and a dark and

light brown articulated band in front of the suture. Same locality as a.

Var. d. Of a pale colour, with dark brown irregular stripes radi-

ating from the suture ; paler in front. Same locality as a.

Var. e. White, with similar radiating dark brown stripes; keel

white ; brown stripes continued over the front. Found on leaves of

trees and bushes at Calapan, island of Mindoro.

CyYcLosTOMA GONIOSTOMA, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 223,

224. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conoided, margine carinato, tenui,

subpellucidd, levi, albidd, fusco varie strigatd, spird acuminatd,

apice nigricante, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus 54, planulatis, ultimo

subventricoso, obsolete bi-vel tricarinatis, margine acuto, antice

subplanulato ; aperturd rotundato-subtrigond, antice subrotundatd,

postice extiisque angulatd, peritremate tenui, angusto, reflewo ; wm-

bilico parvo.

The two following varieties were found by Mr. Cuming at Caga-

yan, in the province of Misamis, island of Mindanao :—

Var. a. Of a pale colour, with dark brown stripes.

Var. 6. Of an uniform dun colour.

Cyciosroma AcuMINATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. £.235.

Cycl. testd subglobosd, pyramidali, tenui, levi, pellucidd, albicante,

spird acuminatd, apice obtusiusculo, fuscescente, anfractibus sex,

rotundatis, substriatis, ultimo magno, carind ad peripheriam ob-

soletiusculd munito, ante carinam planulatiusculo ; aperturd subcir-

culari, postice subacuminatd, peritremate tenui, reflexo, ad ultimum

anfractum interrupto, latere umbilicali subsinuato ; umbilico parvo.

Found by Mr. Cuming on leaves of trees at St. Juan, isle of Luzon.

Cyciosroma minus, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 249.

Cycl. testd ovato-oblongd, cylindraced, tenut, hyalina, levi, nitidd,

spird obtusd, apice quasi truncato ; anfractibus 4 ad 5, ventri-

cosis, primis 2 ad 3 minimis, transversim costellatis ; aperturd

circulari, peritremate reflexo ; umbilico nullo.

Found under decayed leaves in the mountains of Igbaras, province

of Ilo Ilo, island of Panay, by Mr. Cuming.

Cyciosroma cri1aTuM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl.30. £237,238.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conoided, tenuiusculd, levigatd, fulves-

cente, fusco radiatim strigatd, spird brevi, submucronatd ; apice

acuminatiusculo ; anfractibus quinque, subrotundatis, ultimo magno,

margine carinato (carind epidermide ciliatd) ; aperturd circulari,

peritremate reflexo, postice emarginato ; umbilico magno ; operculo

tenui, corneo, multispirali.

Found under stones at Mount Isarog, in the province of South

Camarinas, island of Luzon.

Cyctosroma Hettcorpes, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 245,

246. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conoidali, crassiusculd, spiraliter

striatd, fulvescente, fusco radiatim strigatd ; spird brevi, acumina-

tiusculd, anfractibus 5 ad 6, rotundatis, antice levibus, postice spi-

raliter striatis, obsolete 4- ad 5-carinatis, carinis duabus posticis

epidermide ciliatis ; aperturd circulari, peritremate duplici, albi-

cante, postic? emarginato, interno tenui, levatiusculo, externo an-

gusto, reflexo ; umbilico majusculo ; operculo tenui, corneo, multi-

spirali.

Var. a. Dark-coloured. Found under decayed leaves at Gindul-

man, in the island of Bohol.

Var. 6. Pale. Found under decayed leaves at Jacna, island of

Bohol.

CycLiostoma PARvuM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 31. f. 254,

255. Cycl. testd subcrbiculari, depresso-conoided, tenui, levigatd,

fulvescente, radiatim fusco strigatd, spird brevi, submucronatd,

anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, tenerrime spiraliter striatis, obso-

letissime 4—5-carinatis ; aperturd circulari, peritremate simplici,

postice subemarginato ; umbilico magno ; operculo corneo, crasso.

Var. a. Found under decayed leaves at Daleguete, island of Zebu.

Var. 6. Found under decayed leaves at Dingle, isle of Panay.

Cyctostoma macutosvum, Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 31. f. 256, 257.

Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressd, crassiusculd, levi, castaned,

albido-maculosd, spird paululiim levatd, apice nigricante ; anfrac-

tibus 4, rotundatis, obsoleté spiraliter striatis ; apertura subcircu-

lari, peritremate subincrassato, subreflexo, postice acuminatiusculo ;

umbilico maximo, spiraliter castaneo lineato.

In Mr. Cuming’s collection.

Mr. Gulliver then communicated his notes on the blood-corpus-

cles of the Stanley Musk Deer.

«« Since my observations* have shown that the blood-discs of the

Napu Musk Deer (Moschus Javanicus, Pallas) are minuter than those

hitherto described of any other mammal, the size of the red particles

of other allied species has become an interesting question.

««The following measurements which I have lately made of the

blood-discs of the Stanley Musk Deer (Moschus Stanleyanus, Gray)

are expressed in vulgar fractions of an English inch :—

ago \ Common sizes

1-10664 :

1-16000 Small size.

1- 8000 Large size.

1-10825 Average.

“Hence the corpuscles of this animal are nearly as minute as those

of the Napu Musk Deer and smaller than those of the Ibex and of

the Goat, as may be seen by a reference to the comparative measure-

ments given of the corpuscles of the three last-named animals in my

paper on the blood-corpuscles of the Ibex, published in the Proceed-

ings of this Society, August 9, 1842.”

Various species of Bats from the Philippine Islands, collected by

Hugh Cuming, Esq., Corresponding Member, were placed on the

table, and Mr. Waterhouse read his notes relating to them. He ob-

served that the specimens exhibited formed part only of the extensive

series brought home, and that he should lay the remaining portion

before the Society on a future occasion.

Of the genus Pteropus, as now restricted, Mr. Cuming’s collection

* Trans. Roy. Med. Ch. Soc. v. 23; Dublin Med. Press, Nov. 27, 1839;

Froriep’s Notizen, No. 268; Valentin’s Repertorium, 1840; Appendix to

Gerber’s Anat., pp. 5 and 44.

contained two species: one is undoubtedly the Pteropus jubatus of

Eschscholtz; the other is perhaps new. It is rather less than the

Pteropus Edwardsii, and does not agree precisely with any of the

descriptions given by Temminck in his ‘ Monographies. The head

is rusty yellow, slightly tinted with brownish on the muzzle and

around the eye; the back of the neck, down to the shoulder, is of a

beautiful golden rust-colour; the hair here is loose, but from the

shoulder downwards the hair is of a harsher nature, closely applied to

the body, and is of a very deep brown hue, but somewhat tinted with

rust-colour near the thigh; the throat is of a deep chocolate-brown

colour, and the under parts of the body are of a bright rust tint, ex-

cepting at the sides, where a dusky hue prevails; the hair on the

humerus and on the under side of the membrane is nearly black.

The interfemoral membrane is very narrow and much hidden by the

fur. The principal dimensions are—

in. lin

Total length ........-- eee eee ss eeenes 9 6

Expanse of the wings ....-.eee+-+-2+ee 32 0

From the tip of the muzzle to the ear ...... 2 2

Length of ear... 6... cece eect eee ee eee 0 10

Depth of interfemoral membrane about .... 0 6

The collection contains but one specimen of this species, and that

is preserved in spirit ; I will not venture therefore to apply a specific

name, having such imperfect materials.

Of the genus Pachysoma the collection contains three species—

P. amplexicaudatum (Geoff.), P. titthecheilum (Temm.), and the P.

brevicaudatum (Is. Geoff.).

Macroglossus minimus (Pteropus minimus, Geoff.).—Of this species

I find three specimens in the present collection. In all, the mem-

branes of the wings, &c. are of a rich reddish brown colour.

Genus Rhinolophus.—Four species of this genus were brought

home by Mr. Cuming. The first and largest species, I can feel no

doubt, having examined its skull in combination with the external

characters, is the R. nobilis, Horsf. The second I have pretty clearly

identified with the R. bicolor of Temminck, and the other two are, I

believe, undescribed. Their characters may be thus expressed :—

Rurvnotoruus premaus. Rhin. prosthemate superiore semicircu-

lari ; corpore supra nigricante ( pilis ad basin albescentibus), subtis

cinerescente ; auribus acutis ad latus exterius distinct? emarginatis.

unc. lin,

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 1 5

CURE i ak)... Sane eee sat LOE:

GUIANA CMS os nls ays a pak ea ata at O 44

LAD IICIIN «ig ison, soz) sasiniens etiey a: 1 52

ALT UTE CRB DUU DO i 5) 4.058 so, ophdinep eR aieY i ¢ 8 6

This small species is almost of an uniform sooty colour (as seen in

spirit), but the under parts are inclining to grey; and the fur on the

back, though blackish externally, is nearly white next the skin; the

hair on the lips and chin is white. The membranous appendages

of the nose are of considerable extent, and, taken together, they

form an oval figure; this is transversely divided near the middle

by a slight fleshy ridge; the membrane in front of this ridge, and

which encircles the nostril-openings, has its edges free, and on

each side of the muzzle are two distinct longitudinal narrow folds

of membrane, situated partially under the free edge of the mem-

brane which encircles the nostrils: behind the transverse mesial

ridge is what may be termed the posterior nose-leaf; this is of a

semicircular form, has its margin thickened and raised, and send-

ing forwards to the transverse ridge just mentioned three small

ridges, dividing the interspace into four little hollows or pits. The

ears are of moderate size, acute at the point, and have the outer

margin distinctly emarginated. On the lips are some indistinct

warts, and on the tip of the lower lip are two which are more pro-

minent and distinct.

The R. pygmaus approaches somewhat to the R. bicolor, but differs

not only in colour, but in having the ears smaller and distinctly emar-

ginated externally ; the hinder nose-leaf is larger. It approaches in

size the R. tricuspidatus. ‘The ears are larger than in that species,

and the nose-leaf is also larger, considerably more extended in the

antero-posterior direction, and differs moreover in structure.

RurvoLoruus Purirprinensis. Rhinol. supra obscure fuscus,

subtiis fusco-cinerescens ; auribus magnis, subacutis, ad latus ex-

terius emarginatis, et lobo magno accessorio, ad apicem rotundato,

instructis ; prosthemate maximo lobo posteriore lanceolato, ante-

riore valdé elevato, ad apicem truncato, ad basin dilatato, hoc ferro-

equino membraneo circumdato.

une. lin

Longitudo capitis cum corpore............ wall

CUuM AT tee). ttcko tet 3 oe how Tolle @

niet eae TURD. 3 spe ieee 0 ll

antibrachti.......... al. Seem 1 10

Alarum amplitudo ...... PEs. Ceci. 10 6

This species belongs to the same section as the Rhinolophus ferrum-

eguinum,—the second section of Temminck’s ‘ Monographies,’—and

approaches most nearly to the R. euryotis of that author, from which

however it may be readily distinguished by the much larger size of

the accessory lobe of the ear, and the truncated form of the foremost

of the two membranaceous nasal appendages. It also approaches, in

the large size of the ears and great development of the nasal appen-

dages, the R. luctus of Temminck, but is of smaller size; the ears

are rather less acutely pointed; the accessory lobe at the base is

longer and proportionally narrower, and the proportions of the nasal

membrane differ. In spirit the colour of the fur is very dark brown ;

on the under parts of the body rather paler than on the upper, and

inclining to greyish. The nasal membranous appendages are very

complicated, and being evidently on the same type as the R. luctus,

I will compare them with the corresponding parts as shown in Tem-

minck’s figure of that species. ‘The large decumbent horse-shoe

membrane is the same as in /wctus, and similarly notched in front.

The foremost of the two elevated appendages is nearly the same, but

the lateral lobes at the base are less produced and considerably

smaller; joining these lobes on each side is a small membranous

fold extending outwards and backwards, and is attached to the

horse-shoe membrane. The posterior lobe is lanceolate and more

pointed than in ductus, has a transverse fold near its base as in that

species, and is joined to the anterior truncated elevated lobe by

a longitudinally elevated membrane. The height of the posterior

lanceolate lobe is 3} lines, and of the anterior lobe 23 lines, or rather

more. On the side of the muzzle is a longitudinal fleshy ridge. ‘The

chin presents four warts, two at the tip and one on each side of these.

The extreme point of the tail is free, the free portion being however

not more than half a line in length.

Lastly, Mr. Waterhouse called attention to a new species of Me-

gaderma.

MecapermMa Puiuiprinensis. Meg. supra cinereo-fuscus, subtis

cinereus ; prosthemate verticali, fere ovali, ad apicem subtruncato,

horizontali, pauld minori, cordiformi; auribus permagnis, trago

elongato, attenuato, acuto, ad basin, antice, lobo mediocri acuto in-

structo.

unc. lin

Longitudo capitis cum corpore............ 2 8

an GUI ITIE | fw 0) dni esee bait nie Ka ania Louden

CITELUSOLIEEG oso ins via acs ty nih ae 2 13

AM ena iit sy siy6) iT CPA EEE SIH Gees ae 12 9

This species, of which Mr. Cuming’s collection contains several

specimens, agrees closely with the M. trifolium of Geoffroy in having

the foremost nose-leaf broader and the hinder one shorter and broader

than in M. Lyra; but it differs from the M. trifolium in the form of

the tragus of the ear, this not presenting the character which sug-

gested the specific name; it differs moreover (judging from M. Geof-

froy’s figure) in having the ears considerably larger, and not quite

so deeply cleft. The whole length of the divided nose-leaf is 52

lines, of which the anterior cordiform portion is rather less than half;

the greatest width of the posterior portion is nearly 34 lines, and of

the anterior portion 32 or nearly 33 lines. The length of the tragus

of the ear is 83 lines; it is very narrow and acutely pointed, and at

the base has a small nearly triangular lobe about two lines in

length.

The specimens from which my description is taken are preserved

in spirit, consequently the proportions given of the nose-leaf, &c. are

likely to be more accurate than were they preserved in a dry state.

Mr. Fraser pointed out the distinguishing characters of a new

species of Partridge which had recently died at the Society’s mena-

gerie. Several specimens of this species, for which Mr. Fraser pro-

: * I measure the height of the ears externally from the crown of the

ead.

posed the name Perdix Bonhami, were procured at Tehran, in Persia,

by Edward W. Bonham, Esq., H.M. agent at Tabreez, Persia, and

presented to the Society by that gentleman, together with a living

specimen of the Tetraogallus Nigelli from the same locality, which

having died had been stuffed, and was exhibited at the Meeting.

The new Partridge was thus characterized :—

Prerpix Bonnami. Perd. arenaceo-flava, plumis nigro adspersis

presertim apud latera, collum et pectus, hoc notd circulari ornato ;

strigis superciliaribus subocularibus, et frontalibus nigris ; plumis

auricularibus albis, laterum plumis nigro-marginatis ; rectricibus

caud@ quatuor externis crissoque rufis ; rostro corneo.

Foemina distinctiiis adspersa, quamvis notis nigris auribusque albis,

maris signis, caret.

This species is nearly allied to Perdix Heyi, Temm. Pl. Col., but

is readily distinguished from that bird by the black stripes about the

head of the male. The female differs in having a more mottled ap-

pearance.

Mr. Yarrell exhibited a specimen of the Puffinus obscurus from

the Dardanelles, and called attention to some peculiarities in its

habits, as pointed out in the ‘ Familiar History of Birds,’ &c. by the

Rev. Edward Stanley (now Bishop of Norwich), to whom the speci-

men belonged. Considerable interest is attached to the bird exhibited,

since, though often alluded to by travellers who have visited the

Dardanelles (but under native names only),naturalists were not aware

to what species the accounts referred; and moreover certain preju-

dices of the inhabitants render it extremely difficult to procure this

species of Petrel from the locality mentioned.

May 23, 1843.

R. C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair.

Mr. Cuming communicated the following paper by M. Récluz,

being descriptions of various new species of Shells belonging to the

genus Nerita, from his collection.

Nerira Powrstana. Ner. testd ovato-transversd, ventricosd, su-

perne depresso-planiusculd, varie pictd ; spird brevissimd, derosd,

auriculd elevatd, marginatd ; apertura ovatd, dilatatd, externé sub-

rectd ; labio planissimo, antic? recto, acuto et sub lente ruguloso.

Var. a. Testd lutescente, nebulis pallidis vie purpurascentibus vari-

egatd.

Var. (3. Testd ut in var. a, maculis nigerrimis. characteriformibus,

triseriatim cinctd.

Var. y. Testd luteo-fuscescente, lineolis nigris undulatis, longitudi-

nalibus, dense notatd.

Hab. Var. a and B, New Ireland, in mountain-streams, by R. B.

Hinds, Esq., Surgeon of H.M.S. Sulphur.

Long. 19 mill.; lat. 14 mill.; convex. 12 mill.

Species valdé mirabilis. Var. y. Hab. ? Mr. Powis.

Neritra Turton. Ner. testd ventricoso-ovatd, luteo-rufd seu rubi-

cundd, flammis nigrescentibus undatis, remotisque, sive angulato-

frexuosis pictd ; anfractibus 4-5, convevis, supremis derosis : infimo

supern® horizontaliter depresso ; labio subconvexo, fusco-rubente,

margine in medio tenuiter crenato, basi leviter emarginato ; labro

intis calloso-albo, ad marginem fusco rubente.

Hab. ? Mr. Powis.

Long. 154 mill.; lat. 13 ad 14 mill.

Nerite variegate, Lesson (Ner. pulchra, Sowerby), valdé affinis.

Nerira nepuuata. Ner, testd ovato-globosd, tenuiter striatd, luteo-

fuscescente, lineis nigris squameformibus parvulis nebulatd ; spird

prominuld, rotundatd ; labio angustato, subconvexo, margine retius-

culo, crenulato, flavescente ; labro semi-ovato, intis cerulescente,

margine flavo.

Hab. \mmimaylan, in a mountain-stream.

Long. 10 mill. ; lat. 11 mill. ; convex. 8 mill.

Nerita Mertonrana. Ner. testd ovato-globosd, maculis pallide lu-

tescentibus zonisque articulatis nigro-purpurascentibus fimbriatis

cinctd ; spird vix prominente, rotundatd, apice eroso ; aperturd ob-

liqud, luteold ; labio subconvexo, angusto, margine tenue arcuato et

crenulato.

Var. 3. Testa major, lineolis intricatis picta.

Hab. cum precedente.

Long. 9 ad 10 mill. ; lat. 11 ad 113 mill. ; convex. 7% ad 8 mill.

Affinis Nerite Oualaniensis, Lesson, sed major, solidior, minus ro-

tundata et variegata: non var. robustior.

Nerita Micuavupiana, Récluz in Rév. Cuviérienne, Paris 184].

Var. 6. Testa rotundata, supra medium spinis angustis brevibusque

armata.

Hab. cum typo ad “ Bunang, province of Pangasinan, isle of Luzon,

on small stones on the bank of a river.”” DD. Souleyet et Cuming

invenierunt.

Nerirta Jovis. Ner. testd ventricoso-ovatd, nigrd, lineolis angulato-

fleruosis fulgurantibusve albis pictd, punctatdque ; anfractibus

quinis convexis ; spird conico-depressd, nigro-violascente, albo

punctatd, acutd ; aperturd albo-virescente ; labio plano, margine in

medio vix arcuato ac denticulato.

Hab. ? Mr. Powis.

Neritine lugubris, Lamarck, valdé affinis, sed solidior, minor, co-

lore denique propria.

Nerira cuprina. Ner. testd ventricoso-oblongd, subepidermide cu-

preo-micante nigrd, lineolis angulato-fleruosis densissime pictd ;

anfractibus 4-5 ? convexis, superne rotundatiusculis ; apice deroso ;

labio plano, lutescente, in margine vix arcuato et denticulato, basi

subemarginato ; labro intis albido-cerulescente, ad marginem luteo-

viridescente.

Hab. ’ Mr. Powis.

Long. 12 mill.; lat. 11 mill.

Affinis Nerite Royssiane, Récl., sed colore et epidermide notabili

diversa.

Nerita Prerrreriana. er. testd ventricoso-ovatd, nigrd, albido-

lutescente bizonatd ; zond mediand spiram decurrente ; anfractibus

quaternis, convevis, ad suturam minimé marginatis ; apice decorti-

cato, obtusiusculo ; aperturd rotundatd ; labio compresso, concavi-

usculo, albido, in margine arcuatim ac obtuse denticulato ; denticulis

obsoletis, cardinali productiusculo ; labro dilatato, tenut, nigro-

cerulescente et luteo quadrifasciato.

Hab. From New Ireland, in a mountain-stream, by R. B. Hinds,

Esq.

Long. 8 mill. ; lat. 7 mill. ; convex. 4 mill.

Species elegans, rarissima. Colwmella extis zond angustd, e punctis

moniliformibus seriatis cincta.

Nenita aprata. er. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenuissimd, rugosd,

subepidermide olivaced fusco-violascente, lituris transversis albi-

dis pictd ; anfraetibus quaternis superne depresso-planulatis ; spird

prominuld, apice pulchré croceo, hyalino ; aperturd dilatatd ; labio

semilunari, nigrescente externe zonato, anticé albo, recto, integer-

rimo.

Hab. Island of Negros ; in mountain-streams, on stones.

Long. 11 mill.; lat. 143 mill. ; convex. 103 mill.

Affinis variet. Nerite dubie, sed columella basi non emarginata

diversa est. Columella in centro partm inflexa.

Nerita Donovana. Ner. testd semiglobosd, tenuiter et dens? stri-

atd, viridescente, lineis obliquis purpureo-nigris, undatis, equidi-

stantibus ornatd ; anfractibus tribus convexis, supra medium spinis

curvatis armatis ; apice deroso ; aperturd cerulescente, basi effusd

angulatdque ; labio angusto, superné calloso, basi concavo, margine

subrecto, denticulato ; dente cardinali majori.

Var. (3. Ovata, nitida, maculis viridibus et purpureis, dens? intricata ;

ultimo anfractu superne adscendente ; spird prominuld, convexd.

ffah. Island of Guimaras, on stones in a small stream.

Long. 124 mill.; lat. 15 mill.; convex. 10 mill.

Var. 3. Long. 14 mill.; lat. 15 mill. ; convex. 11 mill.

Living examples of two species of Hypsiprymaus, belonging to the

Right Hon. the Earl of Derby (President), were exhibited.

CST tal ; ae it

i isis Ais waaay «. ‘alist al

peli adorei int ansibrd yt

ee Den | ver.

ye Dial ao, A MAPOMOET at

Gent respec oir |

. Teme oN IE

ir Paatene 5 Ora re ght nat an

HON ly aww re eh pone

Ma SYM gil Here

A iar’ lines 6 saver,

+ Se, te, — ede,

icin Bay, ie

% ae ENEMA ee oa

23 yy OEE STR xs

ae ee rs “ode ah Preken i eget

ries eo ees

"4 eS

fourier ies suet i a

KS STtat Ae ade \

“JI

June 13, 1843.

Prof. Rymer Jones in the Chair.

A white variety of the Irish Hare (Lepus Hibernicus, Yarrell), pre-

sented by Robert Leslie Ogilby, Esq., was exhibited.

The following Notes by Prof. E. Forbes, on the species of Neera

(Gray) inhabiting the Egean Sea, were read :—

«« Among the Mollusca inhabiting the seas of the Grecian Archi-

pelago are four species of the genus Neera, two of which have been

previously described, and two are apparently new.

«The described species are the Neera cuspidata, a well-known

shell, and the type of the genus, extensively distributed throughout

the European seas. In the Egean it is scarce, but by no means

local ; and of all the Greek species, is that found in the shallowest

water. The second described species is the Ne@ra costellata, a beau-

tiful bivalve hitherto recorded only in the fossil state. It was de-

scribed and figured by M. Deshayes in the great French work on the

Morea, from specimens found in the tertiary strata of that country.

I have taken it not unfrequently in the Egean, sometimes alive and

at considerable depths, even below 100 fathoms.

“* Of the new species, one is nearly allied to Neera cuspidata, and

appears to replace it in the deeper parts of the Egean. I have called it

Neara arrenvata. N. testd oblonga, obsoleté striatd, anticé ro-

tundatd, superiore subangulatd, posticé longi-rostratd ; rostro an-

gusto, ared lineari transverse striatd; umbonibus obtusis ; dente

laterali in valvuld superiori lineari. Long. 075; lat. 03%.

“The second is an anormal and aberrant form, differing in its

hinge characters from the other Egean species. It inhabits very

deep water, even to 200 fathoms, and I have never taken it in less

than 100. I have never met with it alive.”

Ne#ra apsreviata. ON. testd suborbiculari, transverse leviter

sulcatd, antic? rotundatd, postice brevi-rostratd ; rostro lato, ared

obsoleta ; umbonibus acutissimis ; dente laterali obsoleto.

The following paper was then read :—

« Descriptions of new species of Neera, from the collection of Sir

Edward Belcher, C.B., made during a voyage round the world, and

from that of Hugh Cuming, Esq., obtained during his visit to the

_ Philippines ; with notices of the synonomy.” By Mr. Hinds.

The number of species of Neera, Gray, now on record permits us

to generalize on their geographic distribution. They are all found in

Nos. CXXV. CXXVI. & CXXVII.—Proc. or rz Zoot, Soc.

water of greater or less depth, and spread over a wide extent of

latitude ; the larger proportion are found in the seas of warm cli-

mates, particularly of the Indian Ocean. In the,Atlantic the group

is met with in a high northern latitude, but the number of species

gradually diminishes towards the seas of temperate or cold climates.

A few of the recent species are found in a fossil state in the more

recent tertiary deposits, and there are some fossil species which

hitherto have not been noticed in a recent state. The individuality

of the genus has also been maintained by M. Nardo, who has called

it Cuspidaria.

Ne#ra rostrata, Chemnitz (sp.).

Mya rostrata, Chem., vol. xi. p. 195. vig. C, D.; Dillwyn, Cat.

vol. 1. p. 45.

Anatina longirostris, Lamarck, Hist. des An. sans Vert., ed. Des-

hayes, vol. vi. p. 78.

Neera chinensis, Gray. Griffith’s Ed. of Cuvier’s An. Kingd.,

Mollusca, pl. 2. f. 5.

Nerea chinensis, ibid. Index.

Corbula rostrata, Deshayes, ed. Lamarck. Note. Hanley’s species

of Lamarck.

Hab. China.

Cab. Cuming.

NERA CuUSPIDATA, Olivi (sp.).

Tellina cuspidata, Olivi, Zool. Adriatic, p. 101. pl. 4. f. 1.

Erycina cuspidata, Risso, Hist. Nat. des environs de Nice, t. iv.

p- 366. f. 170. -

Hab. As a recent shell it inhabits deep water in the Adriatic Sea ;

Northumberland ; also the north-west coast of Sweden. Nor can I

perceive any specific difference in the valve of a shell obtained from

eighty-four fathoms in the China Sea, the temperature below being

66°, and at the surface 83°, except that it is the portion of a much

larger shell. As a fossil it is described by Risso from ‘ Trinité,’ and

also abounds in Sicily.

Nea#ra uyarina. WN. testd magnd, diaphand, ventricosd, anticé

rotundatd, postic® subrostratd, rotundatd; valvis subequalibus ;

epidermide tenui, scabrd, indutd. Long. 11; lat. 7; alt. 8 lin.

Neera hyalina, Sowerby, ined.

Hab. China; Mr. G. B. Sowerby.

Cab. Cuming et Belcher.

My regard for the conchological attainments of Mr. G. B. Sowerby

has induced me to adopt his cabinet name for this shell.

Ne#ra ELEGANS. UN. testd oblongd, tenui, lineis salientibus trans-

versis ornatd ; rostro angulato, corrugato ; valvarum margine ven-

trali acuto, simplici. Long. 8; lat. 4; alt. 43 lin.

Hab. New Guinea, China Sea, and Singapore. On a muddy floor,

in from seven to eighteen fathoms.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Nera cosTELLATA, Deshayes (sp.).

Corbula costellata, Deshayes, Géologie de la Gréce, Mollusques,

ele. fal, 2,8.

Hab. Originally described as a fossil by Deshayes, but has been

subsequently obtained recent by Professor Forbes in the Adriatic Sea.

A pair of valves is in the collection of Mr. Cuming, purporting as

coming from the north-west coast of Sweden, and has the name of

Neera sulcata attached to them.

NeE#rA cosTaTa, Sow. (sp.)

Anatina costata, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 87.

Hab. The west coast of America, between 2° 47! and 8° 5! north

lat., namely at St. Helena, from six fathoms, sandy mud ; Magnetic

Island, twenty-two fathoms; and coast of Veragua, twenty-six fathoms,

mud.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Nez#ra Goutpiana. N. testd oblongd, fragili, hyalind, ventricosd ;

costis duodecim radiantibus; valvis vald? inequalibus ; rostro

lineis tribus obliquis elevatis. Long. 34; lat. 13; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; Cagayan, island of Mindanao; and Bay of

Manila, Philippines : in from seven to thirty fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Cuming et Belcher,

The specific name is in honour of Dr. Gould, the author of the

able and luminous Report on the Mollusca of Massachusetts.

Ne#ra Sincarorensis. N. testd oblongd, fragili, hyalind, ventri-

cosd, costis 17-20 radiantibus ; valvis inequalibus ; rostro bre-

viusculo, lineis tribus obliquis elevatis. Long. 23; lat. 14; alt.

12 lin.

Hab. Singapore ; in seven fathoms, mud.

Cab. Cuming. A single specimen.

A shell so very similar to N. Gouldiana that it might most easily

be confounded with it. In that species however I find the number

of radiating ribs to be so constant in a number of individuals, that I

must regard it a good diagnostic character. The present species then

will be found to differ from it in its smaller size, diminished number

of radiating ribs, and shorter beak.

Nrara casta. N. testd oblongd, fragili, hyalind, ventricosd ; costis

numerosis radiantibus, minoribus alternantibus, transverse subtilis-

sim? striatd ; rostro breviusculo, parvo, lineis obliquis elevatis in-

structo. Long. 22; lat. 14; alt. 13 lin.

Hab. New Guinea ; dredged from a muddy floor in seven fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

Nezra concinna. N. testd oblongd, fragili, subplanulatd ; costis

numerosis, parvis, confertis, ultimd maximd ; valvis subequalibus ;

rostro parvo, breviusculo, lineis tribus obliquis elevatis instructo.

Long. 22; lat. 1; alt. 14 lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Cuming.

Ne#ra pipyma. UN. testd oblongd, levigatd, albd; costis duabus

radiantibus ; margine dorsali antico prominulo ; rostro lato, sub-

truncato. Long. 3; lat. 2; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. The west coast of Veragua, in twenty-six fathoms, mud; in

society with N. costata.

Cab. Belcher.

On the anterior and ventral margin there is a disposition to the

formation of a number of small ribs; the shell is otherwise smooth

and left to the occupation of the two prominent ribs, which eminently

distinguish it.

Ne#RA RosEA. UN. testd oblongd, albidd, epidermide tenui striatd

indutd ; valvis inequalibus, dextrd majori ; rostro attenuato, roseo.

Long. 35; lat. 12; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. New Guinea, in seven fathoms, mud; Cagayan, island of

Mindanao ; San Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines, in from five to

thirty fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Not unlike diminutive specimens of N. cuspidata; the anterior por-

tion of the shell, however, does not occupy more than a third of its

entire length; the beak is more attenuated and of a rose-colour ; and

I cannot perceive any vestige of the angular line which extends pos-

teriorly from the umbo.

Ne#ra Purtiprinensis. N. testd oblongd, albidd, subplanulatd,

epidermide tenui striatd indutd, in rostro brevi attenuatd ; valvis

inequalibus, dextrd minori. Long. 22; lat. 1; alt. 1S lin.

Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, and Batangas, island of Luzon,

Philippines ; in from twenty to thirty fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Cuming.

Nezra tricona. N. testd trigond, albd, minut? sulcatd; latere

antico retuso; rostro brevissimo, obliquo. Long. 22; lat. 1;

alt. 12 lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Cuming.

NeE@Ra IRIDESCENS. UN, testd albidd, ventricosd, levigatd, politd ;

valvis equalibus, margine ventrali postice emarginato ; retuse ros-

tratd. Long. 8; lat. 4; alt. 54 lin.

Hab. Sual, island of Luzon, Philippines; from five to seven fathoms,

sandy mud.

Ne#ra oparina. N, testd ovali, hyalind, levigatd, politd, subplanu-

latd ; valvis equalibus ; rostro gradatim elongato, obtuso. Long.

6; lat. 2; alt. 42 lin.

Hab. Bassey, island of Samar, Philippines; from four fathoms,

among coarse sand and mud.

Cab. Cuming.

In the foregoing ventricose species the anterior portion of the shell

is considerably dominant. In this flatter species the greater bulk is

devoted to the formation of the rostrum.

Nrawra tata. N. testd ovali, albidd, planulatd, iridescente, levi-

gatd, politd ; valvis equalibus ; rostro lato, gradatim attenuato,

planulato, obtuso ; margine ventrali postice subemarginato. Long.

12; lat. 4; alt. 7 lin.

Hab. Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines ; from ten fathoms,

soft mud.

Cab. Cuming.

These three latter species are aberrant, and hold the same relations

to Neera as Nucula arctica, Brod. et Sow., and its congeners do to

that genus.

Various species of Mammalia from Coban, in Central America, were

exhibited. These specimens were from Mr. J. Gray, who in a letter

addressed to the Curator, which accompanied them, observes that

the collection contains the following species: viz. Mustela frenata,

Licht., Didelphys Quica, Heteromys Desmarestiana, Corsira tropicalis,

Corsira Temlyas, Saccophorus Quachil, Mus Tazamaca, and Mus Te-

guina ; all of which species, with the exception of the first two, are

new to science.

«Descriptions of new species of Shells about to be figured in the

‘ Conchologia Iconica,’” by Mr. Lovell Reeve, were read.

Genus Conus.

Conus vipua. Con. testd turbinatd, albd, fusco subtilissime reti-

culatd, reticulis ruptis, subsparsis ; fasciis binis nigerrimo-fuscis,

maculis albis sparsis, irregulariter punctatis, cinctd ; spird concavo-

depressd, coronatd, apice subobtuso.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 8. f. 45 a and 6.

Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming.

This curiously mottled Cone presents a somewhat different style

of painting from the proximate species C. Nicobaricus and nocturnus.

Conus Furvus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, angustd, levi, spird

elatd ; luteold, fasciis duabus, latis, furvo-fuscis, cingulatd ; aper-

turd lineart.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 13. f. 69.

Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (found in sandy

mud at low water); Cuming.

I have to thank Mr. Adamson of Newcastle for sending me this

new and interesting Cone, a few specimens of which have been col-

lected by Mr. Cuming in the localities above noted.

Genus PecruncuLuvs.

Pecruncutus Bicotor. ect. testd suborbiculari, umbones versus

attenuatd, longitudinaliter sulcatd, sulcis numerosis, angustis ; al-

bidd, violaceo-nebulosd, maculis trigonis ferrugineo-rubidis irregu-

lariter pictd.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 20.

Hab. Gulf of California.

_ Mr. Gray appears to have mistaken this shell (Zoology of Beechey’s

Voyage in the Blossom) for the Pectunculus inequalis. ’

PEcTUNCULUS PALLIUM. Pect. testd oblique ovatd, subquadratd,

radiatim costatd, costis levibus, prope marginem subobsoletis ;

luteold, maculis rubidis, quadratis, sparsis, vivide pictd.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 21.

Hab. Zanzibar.

This shell may be easily recognised by the dark ruddy spots which

are sparingly scattered here and there upon the warm uniform ground

which covers the surface. The cardinal portion of the shell is rather

solid.

Prctuncutus noposus. FPect. tesid suborbiculari, Sulvo, furvo

castaneove variegatd ; radiatim costatd, costis nodosis ; intus albidd,

antice fuscescente.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 21.

Hab. Ceylon.

The knobs on the ribs, by which this shell is chiefly characterized,

are much more strongly developed on the posterior side of the shell ;

on the anterior side they are almost obsolete.

Pectuncutus tineatus. Peet. testd orbiculari, converd, subauricu-

latd ; decussatim striatd, striis longitudinalibus fortioribus ; albidd,

postice et mediané maculis castaneis irregulariter nebulosd, anticé

lineis longitudinalibus castaneis vivide pictd ; umbonibus centralibus.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 25.

Hab. West Indies.

The painting of this species is not much unlike that of the Pectun-

culus pennaceus ; the anterior side of the shell, however, is white and

very peculiarly lineated.

PecruncuLus osiiquus. Pect. testd transversd, oblique ovatd ;

albido-rufescente, maculis cuspidiformibus spadiceis profuse pictd ;

intus nigerrimo-fuscd ; umbonibus centralibus.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 6. f. 33.

Hab. Swan River.

The whole of the inside of this shell, with the exception of the an-

terior margin and muscular impression, is of a very deep blackish

brown.

Prectuncutus TELLin#ForMis. ect. testd ovatd, transversd, sub-

depressd, radiatim costatd, costis subobsoletis ; albidd, anticé et

superne carneo-fusco tinctd; intus subfuscd, postic? albicante ;

umbonibus vie obliquis.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 6. f. 34.

Hab. Rio Janeiro. }

This shell differs from the preceding in being more transverse and

faintly ribbed ; the interior is not so dark, nor does the outer surface

exhibit the least indication of any spots or other dark marks.

PEcTUNCULUS TENUICOsTaTUS. ect. testd orbiculari, subventri-

cosd, subtilissimé costatd, costis quasi filis, numerosis, interstitiis

epidermide lineariter insertd ; fuscescente, costis pallidioribus ; um-

bonibus subcentralibus.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 6. f. 35.

Hab. Australia.

The valves of this shell are entirely covered with beautiful thread-

like ribs, and the interstices are filled with fine roots of epidermis,

arranged in from three to four rows.

Mr. Gould read a paper on the habits of Leipoa, drawn up from

accounts which he had recently received from His Excellency G.

Grey, Governor of South Australia, and Mr. Gilbert. The notes of

these two careful observers, though made in distant parts of Austra-

lia, were confirmatory in all essential particulars of the account of

the habits of this curious bird as published by Mr. Gould in his work

on the Birds of Australia. The notes moreover contained various

interesting additional facts, and were illustrated by sectional draw-

ings of the mound constructed for the deposit of the eggs.

Mr. Gould then called attention to a new species of Kangaroo-rat,

which he exhibited, and thus characterizes :—

Berroncra campxstris. Bett. vellere longo, molli ; corpore supra

Fusco, albo-penicillato, subtis sordidé albo; auribus mediocribus

intits pilis sordid albis, subflavescentibus tinctis ; tarsi longi, gra-

ciles, pilis pallidis, flavescenti-lavatis ; caudd longd (capite corpo-

reque fere equante) plerumque pilis brevibus, adpressis, pallide

rufo-flavescentibus vestitd, subtiis et ad apicem pallidiore.

unc. lin.

Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 15 9

—_______— ad basin auris .... 2' 8

MULL PRO AAT sola e Se wig he LT AP OMAN | bad |

— FT 11/1 ana celal sain Aa ited

tarsi digitorumque.......... --- 4 10

Hab. South Australia.

In the texture and colouring of the fur this little animal greatly

resembles the common European Hare. The under-fur is dense,

long and soft; grey next the skin, and sooty brown externally; but

this last colour is confined to the tip of each hair, there being a con-

siderable space between the grey and brown portions, which is of a

very pale yellowish brown : interspersed with the under-fur (especially

on the back) is an abundance of very long and harsher hairs, the

visible portion of which is of a brownish white colour, except the

extreme point of each hair, which is blackish. The sides of the body

are of a pale dirty yellowish tint, and the under parts are dirty white.

The feet and tail are of an uniform very pale yellowish brown. The

ears are short and rounded, but with the apical portion slightly con-

tracted in width; they are well-clothed with pale dirty yellowish

hairs, except on the fore-part of the outer side, where there is an

admixture of deep brown hairs.

The following ‘“ Notices of Fishes newly observed or discovered in

Madeira during the years 1840, 1841, and 1842,” by the Rev. R. T.

Lowe, M.A., Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, were

communicated to the Meeting.

Family Scomprip#.

Genus Serious, Cuv. and Val.

Srerioxa eraciiis. Ser. elongata, fusiformis ; capite cubico, late-

ribus declivibus planis, oculis magnis: pinna dorsali prima trian-

gulari, secunda altiore ; secunde analisque (antice elevatis) radiis

posterioribus subproductis, in pinnulas subsecedentibus ; pectorali-

bus lanceolatis elongatis, capite longioribus ; ventralibus mediocri-

bus.

1m D. 9; 24D. 3 + 20; A.3 + 20; P.24; V-14+5;C.

M. B. 6. Squame lin. lat. 60.

A single individual of this species has occurred, said to have been

thrown up in a gale. It measured six inches and three quarters in

length. Its nearest ally is S. bipinnulata (Quoy et Gaim.), Jen. in

Darw. Fish. p. 72. Like that species, it has no spine inclining for-

wards before the dorsal, nor any free spines before the anal fin; but

in the more complete connection and regularity of the hinder rays

of the second dorsal and of the anal fins, it possesses a degree more

of the typical Serioline character than that species. Still it is not

unlikely that a comparison of the two fishes may warrant, on some

future occasion, their separation from Serio/a into a genus, which

may be called Cudiceps.

The lower jaw shuts within the upper, like a box-lid; forcibly re-

minding the observer of Tetragonurus, for a battered or bleached

state of which fish this example might have been easily mistaken.

The colour was an uniform pale dull grey, with the fins and to-

wards the back darker and brownish.

ATX. |

44+Vul.’

Fam. CoryPHENID&.

Brama tonerpinnis. 8B. corpore abbreviato alto: squamis postice

caudam versus antrorsum aculeato-umbonatis ; pinna dorsali ana-

lique antice longe falcato-productis.

D.4 +31; A. 2+ 26; P20. eve bien Ge

Sq. lin. lat. 41-45.

Though founded upon a single individual, this appears a truly di-

stinct species in the above characters from B. Rai, Bl., of which it

presents the general appearance, colour and habit. The example

seen measured eighteen inches and a quarter in length, and was eight

inches deep at the origin of the dorsal and anal fins. As settling, by

its partially aculeate scales, the true position of Taractes, this fish

has been a very valuable acquisition.

PES bt

4+ Vill.’ M. B. 7;

Gen. Taractes, nob.

Char. Gen.—Corpus ovatum compressum (ad finem pinne dorsalis

analisque abrupte in caudam contractum), squamis cycloideis

retrorsum aculeato-umbonatis muricato-asperum. Caput squa-

mosum ; oculis magnis ; rostro brevissimo simo ; rictu magno sub-

verticali; dentibus Brame similibus subscobinatis recurvis, exter-

nis majoribus; palatinis vomereque armatis. Operculum simplex

inerme. Preoperculum basi eximie dentato s. subcalcarato ; sub-

operculo interoperculoque denticulatis.

Pinne malacopterygiz, s. omnes radiis mollibus. Ventrales subju-

gulares. Pinna dorsalis analisque unica conformis lata: caudalis

simplex integra rotundata. Membrana branchiostega septem-ra-

diata.

Squame magne trapeziformes postice emarginate cycloidee; um-

bone in aculeum recurvato-erectum producto.

TARACTES ASPER.

D.5 +28; A. 3420; P.17; V.14+5; c. M. B. 7;

Squame corporis in serie longitudinali 43 fere.

The generic name imposed at its first discovery on this particularly

interesting, though plain and sober-coloured little fish, expresses the

difficulty experienced in settling its relations of affinity, which are

indeed so obscure and complicated, that but for the subsequent dis-

covery of Brama longipinnis, with its similarly, though contrariwise,

hooked scales, its true position, next to Brama, with analogies to

many other families (e. g. Zenide, Caproide, Scombride), must have

remained in abeyance.

Preracuis Papiztio. P. longitudine altitudinem plus quater multi-

plicatam equante: pinna dorsali prima analique ceruleo-violaceis,

lituris inter radios aureo-viridibus postice biseriatis ; hac radio

secundo, illa quarto validiore, ceteris capillaceis flecuosis.

ae eas : : : : 3+1.+ VIII.

$e Di 383.2% D.. 63 ¢A« 354 P..485,. Vi. 65 1; 34. VIL

Nothing can exceed the splendour of the deep violet-blue, with

the gold and green iridescent dashes or short stripes between the

rays of the first dorsal and the anal fins. It resembles the breast of

certain Humming-birds, and contrasts singularly with the pure uni-

form silvery whiteness of the whole head and body. The second

dorsal fin, though very small, is sufficiently distinct in this species,

and possibly has been merely overlooked or mistaken in imperfectly

preserved specimens of others for an accidentally detached portion

of the first dorsal fin. The proportions, not only of the depth, but

of the head, eye, muzzle and thickness, differ notably from those

assigned by MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes to their P. oculata, of

which it wants besides the dorsal fin-spot. The ventral and caudal

fins are also longer. It agrees in these and other points far better

with P. trichopterus, P. Carolinus, or P. guttatus (Coryphena velifera,

Pallas) of these authors, but differs from them still more widely than

it does from P. oculata, in the numbers of the fin-rays.

ASTRODERMA PLUMBEUM.

The Madeiran Astroderma recorded under the name of A. cory-

phenoides, Bon. (Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 37; Trans. iii. p. 7),

is probably a distinct and undescribed species. It differs from MM.

Cuvier and Valenciennes’ description of the Mediterranean fish, and

from that by Risso of the same, under the name of Diana semilunata,

in size, being only four instead of twelve or fifteen inches long; in

proportions, the depth being contained three instead of not quite

four times in the length, making it a deeper fish, and the length of

the head equalling the depth; in having the eye exactly in, not partly

before and altogether below the middle of the head, and the hinder

nostril larger than the foremost ; in the less height backwards of the

dorsal and anal fins, and their nearer approach at their hinder ends

to the root of the caudal fin. The pectoral fins are longer, and the

ventral fins, instead of being very short, with the first spine strong

-and serrate, are half the length of the whole fish, with the first ray

or spine feeble, weak, or slender, and perfectly even or entire ; the

other rays, especially the first, being produced into fine hair-like

points. The scales are firmly fixed, not easily removeable. There

is no trace of the two little oblique crests or ridges at the base of the

caudal fin on each side the faint central keel, like those which the

Mackerels have ; and lastly, the pectoral and caudal fins, instead of a

fine coral-red, are pale tawny or dirty yellowish white; the body

being a dull silvery lead-colour, instead of silvery rose.

It were not safe, from inspection of a single individual of such

small size, and in a genus hitherto consisting of a single species, to

pronounce these characters of actual specific value ; some, or perhaps

all, may be due merely to age or sex. The name of A. plumbeum is

therefore here proposed only provisionally for the Madeiran fish.

Ausonia Cuvieri, Risso, Hist. ii. 342. f. 28; Cuv. Rég. Anim. ii. 214,

note.

Luvarus imperialis, (Raf.) Cuv. Rég. Anim. ii.214; Cuv. et Val.ix.412.

I shall take an early opportunity in ‘The Fishes of Madeira’ of

furnishing a full account, with a figure from a fresh and perfect in-

dividual, of this little known, most rare, and interesting fish. The

several discrepancies between my example, which is deposited in the

Society’s collection, and the former individuals on record, seem fairly

attributable to the paucity of those before examined, or to imperfect

means of observation. ‘The Madeiran fish differs not more from each

of those included in the above references than they do respectively

from one another, whilst it presents an assemblage of characters

only to be collected from them all.

This really fine and striking fish offers no ambiguities whatever

of affinity, the very fishermen regarding it as some kind of ‘‘ Dourado”

(Coryphena), which it resembles, both in general aspect and in the

form of the head and profile. Something about the mouth and pro-

file reminds one also of the turbot, whilst in the shape of the body,

and perhaps of the dorsal and the anal fins, it resembles the “ En-

xareo” (Caranx luna, Geoffr.). The colour of the fins recalls to mind

the Lampris.

The length of this example was five-eighths of an inch less than

three feet.

Fam. Zenip#, nob.

Zuus rnosEus. Z. roseus immaculatus inermis: pinna antica anali

nulla, dorsali haud filamentosa ; pinnis ventralibus amplis triangu-

lari-ovatis.

D.8 + 27 v. 28; A.lv.2 + 29; P.14; V.9;C.

M. B. 7 v. 8.

Two examples of this very handsome and most distinct new spe-

cies of Dory have occurred. There is no danger of confounding it

with any other of the genus yet recorded, for the Z. Childrenii of

Bowdich, so obscurely indicated in the ‘ Excursions in Madeira,’ was

most probably the Boar-fish (Capros Aper, Lac.).

Sternoptyx diaphana (Herm.), Cuv. R. An. ii. 316. t. xi. f. 1.

The acquisition lately of an example of this most rare and curious

of fishes has confirmed a suspicion [ have long entertained, that the

true position of its genus is near Zeus. It has also some relation to

Trachichthys, but I think only in the way of analogy.

This little fish was taken in August at sea, between Madeira and

St. Mary’s, the southernmost of the Azores, about eighty miles to

the south-east of the latter island, in a calm smooth sea. It is not

a little remarkable, that after so long an interval, Sternoptyr dia-

phana, originally discovered by Hermann so long ago as 1774, in

the West India islands, should have been rediscovered thus near

the Azores; that is, in the locality in which the cognate St. Olfersii,

Cuv. J. ¢. t. xiii. f. 2, has yet alone been found.

B+VI. 44V._

B+V. %°54VI.’

Fam. Caproip&, nob.

Gen. AnticonzA, nob.

Char. Gen.—Corpus compressum rhombiforme, altitudine longitudi-

nem subequante. Os parvum haud protractile; dentibus conicis

minutis. Caput asperum; genis operculoque squamosis. Pre-

operculum interoperculumque limbo denticulato nudo. Oculi magni,

circulatim cristato-carinati, cristis denticulatis. Squame aspere,

pectinato-ciliate.

Pinna dorsalis unica, continua, ad angulum superiorem corporis

nascens, antice alta; analis parte anteriore spinosa a posteriore

sinu distincta: spinis utriusque striatis, squamosis; pinne ven-

trales majuscule, ad angulum inferiorem corporis site. Pinna

caudalis simplex, truncata. Membrana branchiostega septem-

radiata.

Obs.—Species adhuc unica, Maderensi-Atlantica, rarissima par-

vula rubescens Caproidea. Pinnarum spine valide, striate, squa-

mulis imbricatis vestite, membrana nuda. Capite armato s. pre-

operculo interoperculoque cristisque ossium omnibus denticulatis,

dentibusque brevibus conicis scobinatis, squamisque asperis ciliatis,

ad Percidas per Enoplosum Lac. dum tendit, a Cheetodontibus (e. g.

Platar, Drepane) Corypheenidisque (e. g. Peprilus, Apolectus), qui-

bus forma aspectuque simillima, recedit. Jisdem characteribus,

necnon cauda lineaque laterali simplicibus, spinisque ante pinnas

verticales liberis nullis, Scombridis (e. g. Blepharis, Gallichthys, Ar-

gyreiosis, Vomer, Hynnis), forma similibus, magis ac magis distat.

Pluribus quinetiam notis Hguulam ac Gerrem, e. g. Gerrem Plumiert

Cuv. et Val. t. 167, revocat in mentem. A Capro Lac. forma, ore

vix protractili, pinnaque dorsali unica continua antice alta differt.

Anticonia Carros.

44L4+V.

D. 8 + 34; A.3 + 38; P. 14; V.1 53 10) a Vi 7.

ri os a 34+-L--1v-

A single individual only of this most curious and interesting little

fish has yet appeared. It forms a most distinct genus, throwing

considerable light on the affinities of several other genera, which,

before its discovery, had been placed very much at random.

Fam. Mueinipz.

Mugil Cephalus, L. Cuv. et Val. xi. t. 307.

I procured three or four examples of this species by dragging with

a net at the mouth of the Machico river. They were all caught in

perfectly fresh water, ina place which was quite cut off from all

communication with the sea, except in the time of winter-floods or

particularly high tides. The species was quite unknown to the

fishermen.

Mugil auratus, Risso.

M. chelo, Syn. 184; nec aliorum.

M. Maderensis, Suppl. in Proceed. 1839, p. 82; Trans. iii. p. 8.

The usual exposure of the ends of the maxillary in the Madeiran

fish prevented an earlier recognition of its proper name and synonym.

They are only occasionally, and, except in full-sized fishes, rarely, —

not generally or characteristically, as must be inferred from MM.

Cuvier and Valenciennes’ account of the species,—‘‘ entiérement

cachés,”’ although their figure represents them more correctly par-

tially exposed.

Fam. Gozsip#.

Blennius parvicornis of my Suppl. (Proceed. 1839, p. 83 ; Trans.

iil. p. 9), but not of MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes, proves to be a

mere variety, or perhaps monstrous state, with a notched dorsal fin,

of the common Bl. palmicornis, Cuv. and Val. It is Bl. palmicornis,

var. y strigata, nob. Another var. ((3 sinuata, nob.) of the same

species has the dorsal fin merely faintly sinuate, instead of notched

like var. y, in the middle. As for the true Bl. parvicornis of Cuvier

and Valenciennes, which, having the dorsal fin even*, cannot be re-

ferred correctly to either of these states of the species, I feel autho-

rized, after examination of perhaps some hundred individuals of this

common little fish, with a particular view towards the confirmation

of the form in question as a species, to pronounce it a mere trivial

and accidental aberration (so far at least as concerns the Madeiran

* “ Sa dorsale est continue.”’ Cuy. et Val. xi. 258.

individual alluded to by MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes) of the typical

common state (var. a) of Bl. palmicornis.

PHOLIS TRIGLOIDES.

Pholis levis, Syn. 185 ; Suppl. in Proceed. 1839, p. 83 ; in Trans.

il. 9.

This fish proves to be distinct specifically from the British P.

levis, Fl., of which I had considered it at first a mere variety. This

correction has been recently confirmed, on a comparison of speci-

mens, by my friend Mr. Jenyns, who finds the eyes in the Madeiran

fish ‘“‘ more than twice the size of those of P. Jevis, Fl., not to men-

tion other differences.”’ I am also so far satisfied as anything short

of an inspection of their specimens can warrant, that Bl. trigloides

of MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes, which even by their own show-

ing* is misplaced in their genus Blennius, is founded, at least in

part}, on an example of this species, for which I therefore now pro-

pose the name of Pholis trigloides, it being a genuine member of the

genus Pholis of Fleming.

Puous Buro. P. fusco-nigrescens, versicolor, mox pallide cervina,

nigro maculata et punctata, magna, pigra: pinnis pectoralibus

nigro maculatis, maculis transverse fasciatis : capite magno,

crasso, obtuso; oculis nec magnis, nec extantibus, intervallo occi-

pitali lato subsulcato : dentibus anticis abrupte et longissime pro-

ductis, arcuato-incurvis.

D.12 + 19 v.18; A. 20v.21; P.13; V.3; C.2tEEY ; M.B.6.

241. +1V.

This ugly, heavy-looking fish attains the length of ten or twelve

inches, and is at present certainly the giant of its genus, and even of

the true Blennies. It is very rare, or rather local, and confined ap-

parently to beaches covered with large rounded rocks or stones,

amidst which a little fresh water finds its way into the sea. I have

had from ten to twenty individuals, from two inches and a half in

length upwards, all exhibiting the same characters.

Fam. Lasrip2.

Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 84, Erratum. The two lowest para-

graphs at the bottom of this page belong to the head “‘ Acantholabrus

imbricatus ;’ the specific character and fin-formula of which have

been transposed, by an error in the printing, from their proper place

immediately before the first of these two paragraphs, beginning

“« Crenilabrus luscus,” to p. 86, where they will be found forming in

Italics the second paragraph from the top.

Fam. Esocip2.

Gen. Ecurostoma, nob.

Char. Gen.—Corpus elongatum anguilliforme nudum. Caput ser-

* «Tl n’y a point de tentacule au sourcil.” Cuv. et Val. xi. 228.

+ See Suppl. in Proceed., p. 83; Trans, iii. p. 9.

pentiforme, oculis magnis, rostro brevissimo obtuso, rictu magno

longe diducto, mandibule inferioris symphysi barbulifero. Dentes

conferti numerosi aciculares recurvi inequales, quibusdam pre-

longis; intermaxillaribus vomere palatinis linguaque armatis.

Apertura branchialis ampla. Opercula plana simplicia inermia.

Pinne pectorales jugulares rudimentales pauci-radiate (s. quadri-

radiate), prima superiore distincta (in filamentum longissime pro-

ducta), tribus inferioribus brevibus membrana subcoalitis: ventrales

abdominales (ad medium corporis site octo-radiate) : dosarli anali-

que parvis oppositis posticis, caudali parvo lunato-furcato sub-

rudimentali approximatis.

EcHIOsTOMA BARBATUM.

54-V.

D.15; A.18; P.1+3;V.8; C. vin"

Stomias barbatus, Cuv. R. An. ii. 283, 284?

This is very probably the fish briefly noticed by Cuvier under the

above synonym. But it seems, at all events, sufficiently distinct

generically from the Hsox or Stomias Boa of Risso (Hist. iii. 440.

f. 40), with which Cuvier associates it; but which, besides having

other differences indicative of generic distinction, is figured by Risso

as covered with large scales, like a Microstoma or Chauliodus. Nor

can I find any trace of the Madeiran fish in Risso*, or in any other

work to which I have access. It may therefore be considered one

of no less rarity than singularity of characters and aspect ; linking

the Esocide with the Murenide, and indeed partaking more of the

habit, form and colouring of the latter tribe than of the former.

A single example only has been taken in a net close in shore,

measuring thirteen inches and a quarter long. It was wholly devoid

of silver spots, but had two rather conspicuous rows of pale pore-

like dots low down on the sides, and a most singular rose-coloured,

pear-shaped spot, placed obliquely beneath and a little behind the

eye, at the bottom of the cheek. This soon faded to white in

spirits. ‘The whole body was an uniform dark chocolate-brown,

punctate with black dots disposed in bands or figures. The single

beard is thick or broad and subcartilaginous, equalling in length the

depth of the head. The opercles are of the usual strength and

structure.

Fam. SALMONID2.

Gen. AuLorus, Cuv.

Saurus Lacerta (Risso), Syn. p. 188, is certainly an Aulopus; and

notwithstanding the larger number (15-17) of its branchial rays,

is also probably the A. filamentosus of Cuvier (Rég. An. xi. 315).

The reference to Risso is in such case perfectly correct; but the

name, of course, must sink into a synonym, the fish being generically

quite distinct enough from Saurus, Cuv.

* Cuvier speaks of his Stomias barbatus being equally with Stomias Boa

a discovery of M. Risso’s; but I can find no trace of the former fish in his

‘ Histoire,’ or, as Cuvier cites it, the second edition of his ‘ Ichthyology.’

Gen. Saurus, Cuv.

I possess the head of a third Madeiran Saurine fish, belonging

truly to the genus Saurus, and not to Aulopus ; but the body having

been destroyed, I must decline for the present attempting either to

identify or to define it. It was of a mottled pale and scarlet colour,

varied with brown or dusky, and had a distinct dark spot above at

the tip of the muzzle.

Gen. Merorzas, nob.

I place here, as in some degree related to Scopelus, but merely

provisionally, conceiving that further investigations may authorize

its being formed into a new family, a most curious little fish, which

i saw caught in a boat-scoop whilst swimming on the surface, about

a league and a half from shore, on a hot calm day in September 1841.

Although full-grown or adult, being in roe, it was only an inch and

a half long, and was nearly altogether black.

With reference to its affinities and position in the Cuvieran system,

let it be observed, that—

Ist, it is decidedly Malacopterygious, and this without apparent

affinity in other points to any known Acanthopterygious genus. If

it recalls to mind in some respects Pomatomus, it altogether stands

aloof in scales, dentition, single dorsal fin, small eyes, &c. from that

enus. ‘The fins resemble most those of a Cyprinus.

Qndly, the ventral fins are not abdominal, but thoracic, which at

once opposes its insertion amongst Cyprinide, Esocide, Salmonide,

and Clupeide of Cuvier. In Aulopus, Cuv., indeed, the ventral fins

are subthoracic, and there are other points about Metopias indi-

‘cating rather close alliance of some kind with Scopelus; but it has

certainly no immediate natural affinity with the true Salmonide, or

even with Sauride, either in scales, dentition, fins, or habit. It is

also quite destitute of the artificial symbol of these families, having

no trace of a second rudimentary or adipose dorsal fin.

3rdly, it differs toto celo from Gadide; agreeing only with the

rare Mora Mediterranea, Risso, in the thick cube-shaped head and

short abrupt muzzle. The ventral fins, moreover, are thoracic, not

jugular ; and I could find no trace of a beard or barbule.

These considerations seem to point to the propriety of regarding

Metopias as belonging to a new family or tribe of Thoracic Mala-

copterygians, ranging between Salmonide and Gadide; still it is

very possible that a discovery of some yet unknown link with old-

established groups may solve at once, as in the case of Brama longi-

pinnis and Taractes, the problem of its true position. The following

characters will serve meantime for its discrimination, whether they

prove eventually of mere generic or still higher value.

Gen. Meropias.

Pinne malacopterygie ; ventrales thoracic: pinna dorsalis unica ;

adiposa nulla; caudalis bifida. Squame parvee leves (cycloidex).

Dentes minuti uniseriati; palatinis linguaque vomereque iner-

mibus.

Caput magnum subcubicum nudum, fronte abrupto declivi, rostro

brevi lato emarginato, rictu oblique ascendente, mandibula in-

feriore longiore: oculi minuti. Opercula integra cum toto capite

inermia.

Corpus antice crassum, postice compressum; cum capite clave-

forme.

Pinne omnes ample, nude.

METOoOPIAS TYPHLOPS.

D.44+14; A.44+7; P15; V.1 AD a Wicd crores

os aa ah ese 3v.4+1, + VIII.

Piscis admodum pusillus, nigricans, capite longitudinaliter exilis-

sime striato. adit quatuor primi dorsales et anales cum primo

ventrali simplices, sed minime spinosi; ceteris furcatis vel ra-

mosis.

Fam. CLurEiIp2£.

Ciupea LATIcosta.—‘ Arenque a casta larga.” C. edentula ellip-

tica, lateribus latis planis, dorso abdomineque equaliter convevis ;

operculis suborbitariisque obsolete striatis, illis intus gulaque

nigris : squamis lunatis, linea laterali obsoleta s. nulla; pinna

dorsali centrali, anali subelongata, caudali lobis gracilibus angus-

tis, pectoralibus operculo subremotis.

Dees TA 1 ee PY By a Sy, Co ee ee

5+4+1L+ Vill.’

M. B. 6 utringue.

I had long since seen, and have often heard of this deep-sided,

larger sort of Madeiran Herring, or ‘‘ Arenque,” from the fishermen,

but only recently obtained an opportunity of examining it, and of

discovering it to be a new species, nearest to the Pilchard; but dif-

fering chiefly in its greater size, greater depth, approaching that of

C. Leachii, Yarr., six, not eight-rayed branchial membrane, and in

the production of the last two rays of the anal fin. Like the Pil-

chard, it has the dorsal fin in the centre of gravity, and the sub-

opercle cut square at the bottom.

Fam. Gapipz#.

Merlucius vulgaris, Cuv.

The remarks upon the Madeiran Hake (Merlucius vulgaris, Syn.

p- 189) at pp. 37 and 38 of my Supplement (Proceed. Zool. Soc.

1840; Trans. ili. p. 15), and the idea of its distinctness as a species

from the common British or Northern Hake, arose from tracing in

the form of the dorsal and anal fins in the Madeiran fish, and in

Salviani’s figure of the Mediterranean Hake, a very appreciable dif-

ference from my friend Mr. Yarrell’s representation of the British

Hake at p.177 of the second volume of the first edition of his

‘Fishes.’ Having requested his attention to the subject, I learn,

however, from the corresponding chapter of his second edition, that

this difference is either inconstant or attributable to a fault in the

former figure; and he has furnished a new engraving of the British

Hake, which leaves no doubt of its identity with the Madeiran fish,

according to my first determination in the ‘ Synopsis of the Fishes of

Madeira.’ No variation in the form of the fins, it may be added, has

yet been observed in the Madeiran Hake.

Mora Mediterranea, Risso, Hist. iii. 224.

Fishing at a depth of three or four hundred fathoms off Magda-

lena, five leagues to the west of Funchal, I was fortunate enough

last summer (1841) to obtain many examples of both sexes of this

very rare, and, even in Madeira, almost unknown fish, which Cuvier

has wholly omitted in the ‘ Régne Animal.’ It forms a very distinct

genus of Gadide; in shape and colours resembling Phycis Mediter-

raneus, but in the large thick subcubic head, abrupt short muzzle

and large scales, recalling to mind a pale-coloured Pomatomus tele-

scopus. At Magdalena this last-named fish is called “‘ Pimentelle,”

whilst its common Funchal name, ‘“ Ribaldo,” is assigned to Mora

Mediterranea.

Gen. GapELLA, nob.

Char. Gen.—Corpus subellipticum, postice valde attenuatum com-

pressum: capite nuchaque superne latis planis: rostro obtuso,

rictu amplo largo, ore lato transverso, maxillis equalibus dentibus

subscobinatis, quibusdam magnis uncinatis distantibus intersper-

sis, vomere palatinis linguaque levibus inermibus: barbula nulia.

Pinna dorsalis analisque unica conformis continua zqualis a nucha

vel ano usque ad pinnz caudalis basin protensa, antice angustis-

sima, postice latior: dorsali prima plane nulla. Pinne pectorales

lanceolato-acuminatz, tenues nec carnose: ventrales jugulares

parve pluri-radiate, radiis primis duobus in filamenta productis.

Pinna caudalis elongato-lanceolata.

Obs. Piscis pusillus, cinereo-fuscus, Motelliformis, oculis magnis,

membrana branchiostega septem-radiata.

GADELLA GRACILIS.

D. fere 60; A. fere 60; P. 24; V.7; C. XXV. fere; M.B. 7.

This new type approaches Motella, Raniceps, and Brosmius ; dif-

fering from the two former in the entire absence of a nuchal groove,

or of any rudiment of a first dorsal fin; and from them all in the

absence of barbule, and in the shape and delicate (not fleshy) nature

of the pectoral fins. A single example only has occurred, measuring

four inches and one-eighth in length.

Fam. Macrovurips#, nob.

Macrovurus serratus. WM. pallide cinereo-fuscus, scaber, squamis

pectinato-striatis, inermibus, ecarinatis : capite rostroque brevibus,

simplicibus (nec celatis nec carinatis) ; oculis rotundatis ; dentibus

scobinatis : pinne dorsalis prime alte radio primo valido, antice

spinoso-serrato ; ventralium in filamentum producto.

1™D.1+4+ 9; 24D, 100 fere; A. 80-90; V.1+ 7v.8; P.19

M. B. 7.

Cuvier, in a note at p. 337 of the ‘ Régne Animal,’ vol.ii, affirms,

from ‘‘ an immediate comparison,” the identity of Risso’s Lepidole-

prus celorhynchus of the Mediterranean with the Macrourus rupestris

of Bloch, which is described and figured by that author with the

first ray of the first dorsal fin distinctly serrated in front. Yet Dr.

Richardson, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1839,

p- 100, speaks of “examples of celorhynchus from the Mediter-

ranean and also from Madeira’’—meaning, by these latter, my Ma-

crourus atlanticus, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 88; Trans. iii. p. 15—

** both in the Society’s Museum, none” of which ‘ have the first

dorsal ray serrated.”

Awaiting, therefore, further definitive information regarding the

true L. celorhynchus of Risso, in reference to this character, I am

compelled to give a distinct name to this second Madeiran species of

Macrourus, which has the dorsal spine serrated at its fore-edge, but

which, by its shorter muzzle and somewhat smaller and rounder eyes,

appears, waving the question as to the serrature or non-serrature of

the dorsal spine in Risso’s fish, to approach even nearer than M. at-

lanticus to his L. celorhynchus.

A single example only has occurred, which was not seen till it had

been partly dried...

Macrovrus tavis. WM. pallidus, griseus, lucidus, levigatus s. exi-

lissime areolato-scaber, inermis; squamis inconspicuis minutis :

capite rostroque acuto abbreviatis, simplicibus (nec celatis nec ca-

rinatis) ; oculis rotundatis ; dentibus in mavilla inferiore validis,

uniseriatis : pinne dorsalis prime radio primo inermi ; ventralium

simplici.

1™ D. 149; 24D, et A. o; P15; V.1+7;M.B.7.

This third Madeiran species of Macrourus is immediately distin-

guishable from the other two by its glossy, sleek or apparently naked

appearance, caused by the fineness and minuteness of its areolz or

scales. It is also a more elongated fish. In the formation and pro-

portions of the head, eyes and muzzle it nearly agrees with M. ser-

ratus, and it has also the cheeks plain and flat, without the strong

sculptured subocular keel which gives so singular and trigloid an

aspect to the head of M., atlanticus.

The only individual which has occurred was sixteen inches long.

Fam. OpHip1Ip&.

Gen. Diapuasia, nob. (Les Fierasfers, Cuvier.)

Diaphasia acus.

Ophidium fierasfer, Risso, iti. 212. No. 99. ;

Les Fierasfers (Ophidium imberbe, L.), Cuv. Reg. Anim. ii. 359.

The occurrence in Madeira of a single individual, imposes the ne-

cessity of proposing, in lieu of the barbarous vernacular appellation

Fierasfer, a name founded on an obvious character, and accordant

with the rules of scientific nomenclature.

Fam. DioponTip&.

Diodon reticulatus, L. Syn: p. 193.—Erratum. Expunge in the syno-

nyms, “Le Diodon orbe Lacepede” ; and for ‘‘ Diodon rivulatus,”

read Diodon tigrinus.

Fam. SquaLiID&.

Carcharias falcipinnis, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 90; Trans. iii. p. 18.

This proves, as it was suspected, to be the Squalus ustus, Dum. ;

that is, Carcharias (Prionodon) melanopterus (Q. et G.) of MM. Mil-

ler and Henle.

Carcharias microps, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 38; Trans. iii. p. 18.

This again may perhaps be found to be identical with the imper-

fectly known Squalus obscurus, Lesueur (Carcharias (Prionodon) ob-

scurus, Miill. et Henle), concerning which, however, the information

hitherto afforded is too scanty to allow the immediate adoption of

the name. Carcharias microps differs from C. P. Sorrah, Val., as

described and figured by MM. Miiller and Henle, in the equiserrate

teeth, the longer and narrower pectcral fins, the smaller eyes and

shorter muzzle. It differs again from C. P. Henlei (Val.), Mill. et

Henle, in the long and black-tipped pectoral fins.

Fam. CrenTRINID&.

CENTROPHORUS CALCEUS.—“‘ Sapata.”

Acanthidium calceus, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 92; Trans. iii. p. 19.

Although I have not yet succeeded in obtaining the male of this

Shark, I perfectly concur in MM. Miller and Henle’s suggestion

(Plag. 2" Nachtr. p. 199), that it will probably prove to belong to

their genus Centrophorus, with which I was unacquainted at the time

of its former publication. It is however quite distinct from either of

the species they describe.

The other little shark, Acanthidium pusillum, nob., with which at

that time, in expectation of MM. Miller and Henle’s work, I pre-

ferred associating it, though not without considerable scruple, to

forming a new genus for a single species, is I think distinct specifi-

cally from Spinax niger (Buon.) of these authors (Sq. Spinaz, L.,

Acanthidium Spinaz, nob.), with which they* have supposed it iden-

tical. It must retain also the name which I have given it; that of

Spinaxr, which MM. Miller and Henle, after the Prince of Canino,

have assigned to the same combination of characters, belonging, by

the right of priority}, to the distinct generic group to which these

authors have assigned the name already otherwise or in a wider

sense employed by Risso, of Acanthias, and the type of which is the

Squalus Acanthias, L.

Fam. Rap.

Torpepo picta. T. supra purpureo-fusca (sepiolina) maculis albi-

dis reticulato-marmorata : corpore latiore quam longo, cauda abbre-

viata multo longiore ; pinna caudali altiore quam longa ; ventralibus

amplis, dimidio caud@ longioribus : spiraculis septem-dentatis.

* 2°" Nachtr. p. 199. + Cuv. Rég. Anim. ii. 391, 392

Torpedo marmorata, Syn. Mad. Fish. p. 195 ; nec Risso, nec aliorum.

The closer analysis which, since the publication of the Madeiran

fish under the name of T. marmorata, Risso, this genus has received

from MM. Miiller and Henle, authorizes the proposal of it as a di-

stinct and seemingly new species. It agrees with T. marmorata in

the shape and relative proportions of the body-disc, the tail and cau-

dal fin; but the distance from the root of the ventral fins to their free

hinder edge considerably exceeds the distance from their hinder edge

to that of the caudal fin; the teeth of the spiracles are not less de-

veloped in full-grown fishes of a foot and a half in length than in

younger examples ; and lastly, the colours are liable to no variation,

and are very different from those of any of the varieties of T. mar-

morata enumerated by MM. Miller and Henle. I regret I am un-

able at the present moment to compare the dentition with that of

T. panthera (Ehr.), Mill. und Henle, Nachtr. p. 193.

Torpedo hebetans, Syn. p. 195 (Raia hebetans, Mill. und Henle,

Nachtr. p. 194), in the remarkable notch on each side at the outer

extremity of the front margins, most resembles T. nobiliana (Buon.),

Mill. und Henle, p. 128. The disc of the body however was an

inch broader than long, and the colours were too different in the only

example (a male) which has yet occurred of the Madeiran fish to

allow, without more evidence, its junction with this or any other

Mediterranean species.

Raia Maderensis, Syn. p. 195. Iam not quite prepared to acqui-

esce in MM. Miller and Henle’s reference of this to R. undulata or

mosaica, Auct. (See Miill. und Henle, p. 134, and Nachtr. p. 194.)

The Madeiran fish is generally more or less completely rough be-

neath, and always coarsely shagreened all over on the upper surface.

However, this discrepancy with their account of R. undulata might

be due to the small size of their specimens; but there is also still

some further disagreement with regard to the large prickles in the

middle of the back ; and the colours, which are constant in the Ma-

deiran fish, agree only with their var. 3.

Raia oxyrhynchus (Will.), Suppl. Mad. Fish. p. 92 (see Mill. und

Henle, 2** Nachtr. p. 200) is truly the R. ovyrhynchus, Linn., of

Miiller and Henle, p. 148, as distinguished from the nearly allied

R. lintea of Fries.

PreropLaTea HIRUNDO. P. glabra, supra unicolor hepatina, ros-

tro vie prominulo, pinnis pectoralibus margine anteriore utrinque

convexo, dein apices versus concaviusculo, corpore (postice convexo)

plus duplo latiore quam longo, cauda brevissima dimidio corporis

breviore, subtus linea elevata carinata, supra simplici, apicem ver-

sus quadrangulari : tentaculis pone spiracula nullis.

Trygon altavela, Suppl. in Proceed., p. 92; in Trans. iii. p. 20;

omisso synon. Cf. Miill. und Henle, 2'** Nachtr. p. 200.

Judging from MM. Miller and Henle’s account of the species of

this genus, the Madeiran fish is not only distinct from the Mediter-

ranean m7epumAareia of F. Columna, to which I formerly referred it,

but from every other. It differs from Pt. altavela, Miill. und Henle,

in the uniformity of colour of the body and tail above ; in having the

fore margin of the wings convex; in their greater width from point

to point ; in the tail being simple, or without any trace of fin, raised

line, or keel, above; and lastly, in the absence of any kind of tentacle

behind the spiracles. In the second and last of these characters it

approaches much more nearly the American Pt. maclura, Mill. und

Henle, but differs in smoothness when adult, in colour, greater width

of body, and in the tail being sharp-edged or fin-carinate beneath.

From the Indian Pt. micrura, Mill. und Henle, it is abundantly di-

stinct.

June 27, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

The reading of the Rev. R. T. Lowe’s paper on the Fishes of Ma-

deira was resumed.

Mr. Gould called attention to a rare species of Kangaroo living in

the Society’s menagerie.

An extensive collection, consisting of ninety-six specimens of

Fishes, one Snake, a species of Pteropus, a Crab, and four nests of

the Weaver-bird, was laid before the Meeting. These specimens,

which are from Ceylon, were presented to the Society by D. Kelaart,

Esq., Corresponding Member.

Seven bottles of Reptiles from India, presented by Mr. Shaw, the

son of A. N. Shaw, Esq., Corresponding Member, and a collection

of Bird-skins (also from India), presented by the Rev. F. W. Hope,

were likewise laid before the Meeting.

July 11, 1843.

Lovell Reeve, Esq., in the Chair.

The reading of the Rev. R. T. Lowe’s paper on the Fishes of Ma-

deira was concluded.

« Descriptions of new species of Nucula, from the collections of

Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., and Hugh Cuming, Esq.,” by Mr. Hinds,

were read.

Nucuzta Cumineu. Nuc. testd ellipticd, tenui, epidermide virente

indutd, antic abbreviatd, subrostratd, postice elongatd, rotundatd ;

margine ventrali acuto, antice subemarginato, dorsali postico, pro-

minulo ; cardine antic? dentibus 6, postice 19-20. Long. 11;

lat. 4; alt. 74 lin.

Hab. The Asiatic analogue of N. obliqua, and is widely diffused

over the seas of the Indian Archipelago. It has been obtained at

New Guinea; Straits of Macassar; Bolinao, San Nicholas, Sual and

Bassey in the Philippines; Singapore; and Straits of Malacca; in a

depth of water varying from seven to twenty-three fathoms, on a

floor of mud and sandy mud.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

It is distinguished from N. obliqua by the disposition to rostration

of the anterior limb, prominent dorsal margin, slight indentation at

the anterior part of the ventral margin, and larger size.

Nucuta mitrauis. Nuc. testd conoidali, soliduld, epidermide fuscd

indutd, antic? brevissime abbreviatd, rectd ; margine dorsali posticd

inclinatd, marginibus ventralibus crenulatis ; cardine antice dentibus

10, postice 28-30. Long. 54; lat. 3; alt. 4 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, mud.

Cab. Belcher.

The very contracted and straight anterior margin of this shell gives

it the shape of a mitre, or other similar elevated head-dress.

Nucuta rutcura. Nuc. testd ellipticd, solidd, sulcatd, interstitiis

transversim striatis ; marginibus ventralibus crenulatis ; cardine

antice dentibus 9, postice 27-29. Long. 7; lat. 4; alt. 54 lin.

Hab. L’Agulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope ; from seventy fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

Nucuxa pivaricata. Nuc. testd ellipticd, antic? excavatd, subacu-

minatd, postice rotundatd ; lineis divaricatis, striatd ; marginibus

ventralibus crenulatis ; cardine antice dentibus 7, postic? 22-24.

Long. 5; lat. 25; alt. 4 lin.

Hab. China Sea ; from eighty-four fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

No. CXXVI.—Procrrpines oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

A single valve only was brought up from this great depth, and

presents a character im its sculpture which has not hitherto been

met with in any recent species, but which is also found in the fol-

lowing. This peculiarity consists of the presence of lines diverging

from an angle near the middle of each valve. It however occurs in

an English fossil, N. Cobboldie.

Nucuta castrensis. Nuc. testd ellipticd, antic? rotundatd, epider-

mide olivaced indutd ; lineis divaricatis ; marginibus ventralibus

crenulatis ; cardine antic? dentibus 5, postice 11. Long. 3; lat.

13; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. Sitka, North-west America. A single specimen was dredged

in the harbour, from seven fathoms, sand.

Cab. Belcher.

Noucuxa rumipa. Nuc. testd ellipticd, tumidd, striatd ; marginibus

ventralibus integerrimis ; cardine antice dentibus 6, postice 15 ;

intis leviter striatd. Long. 44; lat. 24; alt. 34 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, among mud.

Cab. Belcher.

Nucura marmoreEa. Nuc. testd ellipticd, soliduld, albidd, sulcatd ;

liris ad angulum planulatis ; latere antico brevi, subacuminato ;

marginibus ventralibus minute crenulatis. Long, 22; lat. 1; alt.

12'lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, in society with

N. tumida.

Cab. Belcher.

Nucuta precuivis. Nuc. testd parvd, oblique ellipticd, soliduld, epi-

dermide tenui, fuscd indutd ; latere antico brevi; margine dorsali

longé inclinato, ventralibus crenulatis. Long. 2 ; lat. 14; alt 1d lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Belcher.

A still more oblique shell than N. pisum, to which it is closely

allied.

Nucuta nana. Nuc. testd minima, trigono-ellipticd, levigatd, ni-

tidd ; marginibus ventralibus minutissimeé crenulatis ; cardine antice

dentibus 5, posticé 11 ; umbonibus fuscis. Long. 1; lat. 4; alt. 2

lin.

Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines ; from twenty-five

fathoms, among coarse sand.

Cab. Cuming.

Nucuta Brxtener:. Nuc. testd politd, oblongd, sulcatd, antice

elongatd, truncatd, angulatd ; ab umbone biangulatd, tertio inter-

medio minori ; dentibus numerosis, serierum ambarum numero sub-

equali ; margine ventrali subrecto. Long. 12; lat. 34; alt. 53 lin.

Hab. L’Agulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope; dredged from a depth

of forty to fifty-four fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

Nucuxna sErotina. Nuc. testd politd, oblongd, sulcatd, antice elon-

gatd, rotundatd, ab umbone angulatd ; margine dorsali antico sub-

prominulo ; umbonibus elevatis. Long. 6; lat. 2; alt. 3 lin.

Hab. Singapore ; from seven fathoms, mud.

Cab. Cuming.

This closely resembles a fossil from the Sutton crag. The latter

is a larger shell, of somewhat different proportions, and wants the

rounded anterior slope of the recent species.

Nucuta TENELLA. Nuc. testd oblonga, levigatd, tenui, planulata,

antic? elongatd, rotundatd ; umbonibus parvis. Long. 43; lat. 13 ;

alt. 24 lin.

Hab. Singapore ; from seven fathoms, mud. In society with the

preceding.

Cab. Cuming.

Nucuta retusa. Nuc. testd parva, nitidd, levigatd, subequilate-

rali, antice retusd, subacuminatd ; umbonibus elevatis. Long. 23 ;

lat. 1; alt. 13 lin.

Hab. St. Nicholas, Philippine Islands ; Straits of Macassar.

Cab. Cuming et Belcher.

If the Lamarckian species, N. nicobarica,—a transversely elon-

gated, finely striated shell, with both extremities rounded and length-

ened anteriorly—is taken as a type of departure for the four prece-

ding species, then N. Belcheri will be distinguished by its great

transverse length, polished sulcated surface, angulated lines, trun-

- eated extremity, and three slight projections at the termination of

the angles,—WN.. serotina by its polished sulcated surface, lengthened

and rounded anterior extremity, and slightly prominent dorsal mar-

gin,—N. tenella by its flattened shape, smooth polished surface, and

by being lengthened and rounded anteriorly,—and N. retusa by being

nearly equilateral, smooth, polished, and with the anterior portion

slightly disposed to terminate in a point.

Nucura crassa. Nuc. testd oblongd, ventricosd, crassd, sulcatd,

antice arcuate rostratd, excavate angulatd ; liris rotundatis ; posticé

valde rotundatd ; intus pallidé luted. Long. 14; lat. 6; alt. 10 lin.

Hab. Australia.

Cab. Cuming.

Nucura tata. Nuc. testa oblongd, politd, planulatd, lineis impressis

excavatd ; antic? elongatd, late rostratd, postice rotundatd ; mar-

gine dorsali anticd prominuld ; umbonibus parvis. Long. 8; lat. 2;

alt. 4 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; in from five to twenty-three fathoms, among

mud.

Cab. Belcher.

Nucuza caiata. Nuc. testd luteo-virente, oblongd, arguté sulcatd ;

antice arcuate rostratd, sulcis paululim obliteratis ; umbonibus

prominulis. Long. 7; lat. 3; alt. 4 lin.

Hab, California, between 38° 18’ and 34° 24! north latitude ;

100

namely, at Russian Bodegas, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara, in

from six to ten fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

More ventricose and acutely beaked than N. pella, and presenting

a partial obliteration of the sulci near the anterior dorsal margin.

Nucuxa ventricosa. Nuc. testd oblonga, pallidé luted, ventricosé,

sulcatd ; antice subrecté rostratd, umbonibus magnis, prominenti-

bus ; margine ventrali antice coarctatd. Long. 7; lat. 34; alt.

5 lin. y

Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, mud.

Cab. Belcher.

The character of the sulcation here is very different to that of the

preceding species and of N. pella. Here it presents the most usual

features of regular furrows with intervening ridges ; but in the other

two species the ridges are inclined planes, having an inclination

towards the ventral margin. In this direction they consequently

present a number of step-like elevations, but not in the contrary.

Nucuxa recta. Nuc. testd oblongd, tumidd, inclinate sulcatd, rect

et attenuate rostratd, postice rotundatd. Long. 6; lat. 24; alt.

4 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; in seven fathoms.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Nucuta excavata. Nuc. testd globosd, sulcatd, gibbosé rostratd,

antice carinatd ; lunuld excavatd, ovali, striatd. Long. 4; lat. 24;

alt. 33 lin.

Hab. Panama; dredged among mud in thirty fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

Nucoura reticuntata. Nuc. testd parvd, oblongd, sulcatd, striis

longitudinalibus interstitialibus reticulatd ; antice arcuate rostratd.

Long. 3; lat. 14; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. Philippine Islands, in several localities: namely, Cagayan,

island of Misamis, from twenty-five fathoms ; Mindanao, from twenty-

five fathoms, sandy mud; and Loay, island of Bobol, from sixty

fathoms, clayey sand.

Cab. Cuming.

Nucura tyrata. Nuc. testd oblongd, nitidd, angulaté sulcatd,

acute subrect? rostratd, postice elongatd, rotundatd ; margine ven-

trali acuto integro. Long. 94; lat. 4; alt. 5 lin.

Hab. Panama; from thirty fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

Nucuza purtiata. Nuc. testd oblongd, nitidd, leviter striatd, an-

tice breviter arcuate rostratd, postice rotundatd ; prope umbones

turgidd. Long. 3; lat. 13; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. Malacca; from ten to seventeen fathoms, coarse sand.

Cab. Cuming et Belcher.

Nucuna crispa. Nuc. testd oblongd, turgidd, sulcatd, arcuate ros-

101

tratd, antic? ab umbonibus exaratd, postic? obtuse carinatd ; lunuld

ovali. Long. 3; lat. 14; alt. 2 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya; from thirty-six fathoms.

Cab. Belcher et Cuming.

Mr. Lovell Reeve communicated a paper from Mr. Sylvanus Han-

ley, containing the following ‘‘ Descriptions of five new species of

bivalve Shells, from the collection of W. Metcalfe, Esq.”

Genus SoLen.

Soren Puruiprrnarum. Sol. testd lineari, converd, crassa, subar-

cuatd, albido-lutescente ; latitudine longitudinem quintuplo supe-

rante ; margine postic? rotundato, antic? convexo ; natibus ad quin-

tam partem totius latitudinis collocatis ; epidermide ampld, rugosd,

impolitd, olivaceo-flavescente ; dente valido, acuto, in utrdque valvd

prominente. Lat. 1; long. 5 poll.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinarum.

A species nearly allied to the S. ambiguus of Lamarck, from which

however it differs, both in its greater curvature and in the absence

of the discal rays which adorn that species. Its breadth is through-

out equal, and the umbones are considerably flattened.

Soten acinaces. Sol. testd lineari, nived, subdepressd, arcuatd,

postice abruptd, antice attenuata, rotundatd ; latitudine longitudinem

prope quadrupld superante ; margine postico vie convexo ; epider-

mide nitidd flavescente ; cardine terminali, dente in utrdque valvd,

unico, rotundato. Long. 2; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. f

A shell scarcely to be confounded with any of this genus, but with

somewhat the aspect of S. scalprum.

Soren cyztinpraceus. Sol. testd lineari, rectd, cylindraced, sub

epidermide fugaci, albd, rubido-purpurascente variegatd ; latitu-

dine longitudinem sextuplo superante ; margine antice rotundato-

obtuso, postice abrupto, concavo; cardine terminali, dente sub-

lunari in utrdque valvd prominente. Long. 4 ; lat. 3 poll.

Hab. ?

A tolerably strong shell, intermediate between the S. linearis of

Wood and the S. brevis of my descriptive Catalogue. The former

species is considerably narrower from the umbones to the ventral

margin, these proportions being precisely reversed in the latter.

The colouring likewise, which in the adult is almost entirely confined

to the posterior half, differs from its arrangement in the S. brevis.

MesopEsMA TRIQUETRUM. Mes. testd oblique triangulari, valdé

inequilaterali, crassissimd, tumidd, leviusculd, sordidé albidd ; pos-

tice brevi, rotundatd, antice productd, subacuminatd, subrostratd ;

margine antico declivi, ventrali arcuato ; pube depressd ; foved liga-

mentali inter nates distantes plane hiante; dentibus lateralibus

magnis, validis. Long. 7; lat. 1 poll.

Hab. ?

102

I know of no species which could possibly be confused with this

extraordinary shell, which, from the peculiar triangular cavity be-

tween the beaks (as in the genus Schizodesma of Gray), may even-

tually prove the type of at least a subgenus. In the unique speci-

men before me there is the appearance of ochraceous rays, but I do

not venture to consider them as characteristic until the comparison

with further specimens. The shape reminds one of Mulinia Donaci-

formis. The cardinal tooth is bifid in the left valve.

MesopgesMA PLANUM. Mes. testd ovato-sublenticulari, transversd,

valde compressd, inequilaterali, utrdque extremitate rotundatd ;

sub epidermide corned, albidd, levigatd ; natibus elevatis, acutis ;

margine ventrali arcuato ; foved ligamentali angustd. Long. $;

lat. 1 poll.

Hab. ?

A peculiarly flat shell, which is not unlike M. complunatum, but

differs as well in the colouring of its epidermis as in many other.

particulars. From the little convexity of the dorsal margins, the

beaks appear extremely angulated. The teeth are obtuse, and the

lateral short and approximate.

Note.—The shells described by me in this and the preceding

papers will be figured in Mr. Wood’s second Supplement to the ‘ Index

Testaceologicus.’

A new species of Chiton, from the Philippine Islands, was exhi-

bited by Mr. Cuming, which was thus characterized by Mr. G. B.

Sowerby :—

CuITon BrrapiatTus. Chi. testd ovali, subelongatd, subdepressd,

obtuse angulatd ; areis centralibus longitudinaliter minute scabroso-

sulcatis ; areis lateralibus subelevatis, utringue costis duabus bifidis

validé irregulariter moniliformibus ; areis terminalibus radiatim

rugoso-costatis, margine minutissime granuloso; colore pallid?

fulvo, griseo maculato; margine griseo fasciato. Long. ‘60;

lat. °35.

Hab. Dumaguete, Ins. Negros, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit.

This species differs from Ch. Janierensis in having the lateral ribs

bifid and the sculpture generally much more minute.

103

July 25, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from E. L. Moore, Esq., Corresponding Member, dated

Newfoundland, June 16, 1843, was read. It announced that that

gentleman had forwarded, as a present to the Scciety, a young Harp-

Seal and two heads of the Hooded Seal, preserved in brine.

Mr. Prince exhibited to the Meeting, on the part of Mr. Gould,

nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur,

which, together with Coryphilus Dryas, exhibited by Mr. Gould at

the meeting held on the 22nd of November 1842, and Péeroglossus

erythropygius and Pterocles personatus, exhibited by him on the 14th

of February 1843, comprise the whole of the ornithological novelties

brought home by the expedition.

The species now exhibited were

Haucyon savropnaca. Hale. capite, collo, dorso superiore et

corpore subtis albis, ceteris partibus saturate ceruleis, dorso vi-

rescente.

Head, neck, upper part of the back and all the under surface white,

with the exception of the lores, which are black, and a narrow lon-

gitudinal mark immediately behind the eye, which is deep blue; re-

‘mainder of the upper surface, wings and tail deep blue, tinged with

green on the back and scapularies; bill black; basal half of the

under mandible horn-colour ; tarsi and feet blackish brown, tinged

with purple.

Total length, 103 inches; bill, 22; wing, 42; tail, 33; tarsi, 2.

Remark.—A typical Halcyon and one of the largest of the genus,

differing from every other species known, particularly the Alcedo

leucocephala of Latham, which specific term would be much more

appropriate for the present bird.

Hab. New Guinea.

Pirra viretuina. Pip. vertice, vittd dorsali, alis, cauddque nigris ;

mento, guld, pectore et torque nuchali vitellinis, partibus reliquis

olivaceo-viridibus.

Crown of the head, band across the back, wings and tail black ;

chin, throat, ear-coverts, chest and collar round the back of the neck,

beautiful yolk-of-egg yellow; rump and upper tail-coverts olive-

green ; abdomen and under tail-coverts paler olive-green, into which

the yellow of the chest gradually passes; bill black; legs yellowish

brown.

Total length, 32 inches; bill, 3; wing, 2; tail, 13; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Panama.

The only specimen procured is now in the British Museum.

104

Leucosticre Griseocenys. Leuc. fronte nigrd, genis et occipite

cinereis, reliquis partibus fuscis ; tectricibus alarum, tectricibus

caude superioribus et inferioribus, abdominisque plumis ad apicem

roseo-marginatis.

Forehead and throat shining black; cheeks and back of the head

grey ; general plumage umber-brown ; wing-coverts, upper and under

tail-coverts, flanks and abdomen, tipped with beautiful rosy red;

primaries and tail-feathers brown, faintly margined with rosy red;

bill yellow ; feet black.

Total length, 73 inches; bill, 3; wing, 41; tail, 31; tarsi, 1.

This is the largest of the Fringilline Mr. Gould has yet seen ; it is

nearly allied to, but differs from, the Leucosticte tephrocotis, Swains.,

in the greater depth of its colouring, in the cheeks as well as the

hinder part of the head being grey, and in the greater abundance of

the rosy hue upon the abdomen and under tail-coverts.

NEcTARINIA FLAVIGAsTRA. Nect. corpore superne flavescente-

olivaceo ; lined superciliari et corpore sublis nitide flavis.

Crown of the head, ear-coverts and all the upper surface yellowish

olive ; stripe over the eye and all the under surface bright yellow;

bill and feet black.

Total length, 4} inches; bill, ?; wing, 2; tail, 13; tarsi, 6.

Hab. New Ireland.

The single specimen procured is in the collection of J. O. Good-

ridge, Esq., Assistant-Surgeon of H.M.S. Starling.

CacTornis tnornatus. Cact. corpore superiore nigrescente-fusco,

singulis plumis olivaceo-fusco non sine tincturd rufescente margi-

natis ; guld et corpore inferiore fulvis, plumis notd centrali obscu-

riore.

Crown of the head and all the upper surface blackish brown, each

feather margined with reddish olive-brown, the secondaries, wing-

coverts and tail being more broadly margined and inclined to buff;

throat and under surface buff, each feather having a darker centre ;

bill horn-colour ; feet blackish brown.

Total length, 4 inches; bill, $; wing, 23 ; tail, 12; tarsi, 2.

Hab. Bow Island.

The only specimen procured is said to be a female. This species

is I believe the only insessorial form inhabiting the island. Its prin-

cipal interest consists in its forming an additional species of a small

group of birds hitherto believed to be peculiar to the Galapagos

Islands.

In the possession of the Zoological Society, to whom it was pre-

sented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

PsITTAcus FLAVINUcHUS. Pitt. viridis, vittd nuchali nitide flavd ;

remigum primorum pogoniis internis nigris, remigis primi pogonio

externo saturate ceruleo; reliquorum pogoniis externis ad basim

saturate viridibus, exindé ceruleis, remigum minorum pogoniis ex-

ternis coccineo, viridi et ceruleo pictis, rectricibus utrinque tribus

externis cum pogoniis internis ad basim coccineis.

105

Head, throat and under surface light green; the feathers on the

sides of the neck slightly margined at the tip with black ; at the nape

a broad band of beautiful yellow; back, scapularies and wing-coverts

dark green, the latter with paler edges; first primary black on the

inner web and deep blue on the outer, the inner webs of the remain-

ing primaries black; the basal third of their outer webs green, and

for the remainder of their length deep blue, the whole very slightly

tipped with buff; first four primaries black on their inner webs ; their

outer webs crimson for more than the basal half of their length, then

green, and lastly deep blue, the two latter colours gradually blend-

ing into each other ; the rest of the secondaries black on their inner

and green on their outer webs, with a spot of deep blue near the ex-

tremity ; tail yellowish green, crossed on the middle by a broad band

of dark green, the three lateral feathers with a patch of crimson on

their inner webs; basal portion of the inner webs of all the wing-

feathers on their under surface deep grass-green; bill horn-colour ;

feet mealy white.

Total length, 14 inches ; bill, 12; wing, 9; tail, 53; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Shores of South America and the Pacific.

In the collection of the Zoological Society.

Coccyzus FERRUGINEUS. Cocc. capite cinereo, dorso alisque satu-

rate ferrugineo-fuscis, colore ad apices remigum primorum palles-

cente ; caudd in medio fuscd, gradatim ad rectrices externas albes-

cente ; corpore subtis fulvo.

Head grey, tinged on the crown with ferruginous ; back and wings

dark rusty-brown, becoming paler towards the extremities of the

primaries, which are brown on their inner webs at the tip; two cen-

tre tail-feathers sandy buff, passing into brown at the tip; the two

next on each side sandy at the base, deepening into brown, which is

darkest on the outer web; that nearest the central feathers slightly,

and the next largely tipped with white; the two lateral feathers on

each side buff at the base, passing into white, the inner one of the

two with a line of brown down the basal two-thirds of its length ;

all the under surface buff, palest on the throat ; bill olive-black, under

mandible yellow at the base; feet black.

Total length, 114 inches; bill, 13; wing, 54; tail, 64; tarsi, 1.

Hab. Cocos island, North Pacific.

In the collection of the Zoological Society.

PENELOPE LEUCOGASTRA. Pene. capite et collo superiore olivaceo-

fuscis, singulis plumis cinereo marginatis ; corpore superiore et alis

splendide fuscis nitore metallico; caudd @neo-viridi, rectricibus

externis late albo marginatis ; ubdomine et femoribus albis.

Head and upper part of the neck olive-brown, each feather mar-

gined with grey; back, wings and upper tail-coverts rich brown

with a bronzy lustre ; tail bronzy-green margined with bronzy-brown,

all but the two centre feathers broadly tipped with pure white ; chest

dull brown, gradually passing into the white of the abdomen, thighs

and vent; under tail-coverts light buff; bill and feet black.

106

Total length, 18 inches; bill, 14; wing, 8; tail, 9; tarsi, 2.

ab. ?

In the collection of the Zoological Society.

Larus pracuyruynenus. Lar. capite, collo, corpore superiore,

uropygio crissoque albis ; dorso alisque cinereis ; remige primo, ad

pogonium externum et ad apicem, remigibusque sequentibus tribus,

ad apicem, nigris ; remigibus secundo, tertio et quarto, notd cinered

terminali ; quinto vittd nigrd et apice cinereo.

Head, neck, all the under surface, rump, upper and under tail-

coverts and tail pure white; back and wings, including the prima-

ries, grey, passing into white on the tips of the scapularies, secon-

daries, and all but the first five primaries,which are thus marked :—

the outer primary has its external web and three inches of the tip of

the inner web deep black ; the next primary is tipped with black for

three inches and a half on its outer, and two inches and a half on

its inner web, and has a very minute speck of grey at the extreme

tip; the third primary is tipped with black for two inches, and has a

small spot of grey at the extremity; the fourth is tipped with black

for an inch and a quarter, and has a larger spot of grey at the extre-

mity than the third; and the fifth is crossed by an irregular band of

black near the tip three-quarters of an inch wide, the extremity

being grey, fading into white on the margin of the inner web; bill

primrose-yellow ; feet orange-yellow.

Total length, 14 inches; bill, 14; wing, 121; tail, 52; tarsi, li.

Hab, Russian America.

The species of Ortyr exhibited were

Ortyx parvicrisratus. Ort. cristd brevi, rectd, pallide fuscd, ad

apicem fulvd ; fronte fulvd ; guld et vittd per latera capitis ferru-

gineo-rubris ; torque collari antice angustd, postice latd, nigrd,

albo guttatd et castaneo tinctd; corpore superiore cinereo-nigro

et fusco adsperso ; pectore rufo, singulis plumis guttis sex pallide

Julvis, et saturate fusco circumdatis, ornatis ; his apud latera et

abdomen grandioribus et fusco-nigrescente.

Crest short, straight, light brown tipped with buff; forehead buff;

throat and a broad stripe down each side of the head, above and be-

hind the eye, rusty-red ; ear-coverts brown; collar surrounding the

neck narrow in front and broad, behind black, spotted with white

and stained with chestnut ; centre of the back, between the shoulders,

minutely freckled grey, brown and black; remainder of the back

blackish brown, each feather freckled on the margin with grey ; sca-

pularies freckled grey and brown, and ornamented on their inner

webs with large patches of dark brown; wing-coverts freckled, and

with a large spot of dark brown and another of white near the ex-

tremity of each feather ; primaries jight brown fringed with greyish

white, and a few indistinctly barred with freckles of the same on

their outer webs; tail brown, crossed by narrow freckled bands of

whitish and darker brown ; across the breast a band of greyish red

blotched with a darker tint; breast rufous, each feather with six

spots of light buff encircled with dark brown, the spots gradually

107

increasing in size on the flanks and lower part of the abdomen, and

the rufous tint changing into blackish brown; vent buff ; under tail-

coverts like the abdomen, but the markings less distinct ; bill black ;

feet black.

Total length, 8 inches ; bill, 2; wing, 32; tail, 23; tarsi, 1}.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

Nearly allied to O. Sonninz.

For an additional example of that division of the Ortygide to

which the subgeneric term of Odontophorus has been given, Mr.

Gould proposed, from the marbled appearance of its markings, the

specific term of marmoratus, with the following characters :—

Ortyx (OponroPrHoRvs) MARMoRATUS. Ort. spatio circumoculari

nudo, coccineo ; plumis auricularibus rufo-castaneis ; cristd elon-

gatd, lard, fuscd, plumis singulis flavescenti-fusco per medium

irroratis; nuchd nigrescenti-fuscd, lineis irroratis cinereis angustis,

transversim fasciatd; primorum pogoniis externis arenaceo-fulvo

guttatis ; corpore inferiore fusco, lineis irregularibus et crebris

nigrescentibus cinereis, et arenaceo-fulvis transversim fasciato.

Naked orbits, scarlet ; ear-coverts reddish chestnut ; crest length-

ened, curved and flowing, dark brown, freckled down the middle of

each feather with yellowish brown; back of the neck biackish brown,

crossed by numerous narrow freckled bands of grey; lower part of

the back yellowish brown, freckled with a darker and a lighter tint ;

wings dark brown, the coverts and inner webs of the secondaries

crossed by numerous broad irregular freckled bands of sandy buff;

primaries spotted along their outer webs with light sandy buff; a few

of the scapularies with a stripe of white freckled with black down

the centre; under surface brown, crossed by numerous irregular

narrow bands of blackish brown, grey, and sandy buff; bill and feet

black.

Total length, 9 inches; bill, $; wing, 53; tail, 2; tarsi, 14.

Hab. Santa Fé@le Bogota.

Nearly allied to Odon. Guianensis.

And for an Albatross nearly allied to, but larger than, Diomedea

chlororhyncha, and which also differs from that species in the colour-

ing of the culmen, he proposed to designate

DiomepEA cuLtminaTA. Diom. spatio circumoculari nigrescenti-

cinereo, gradatim pallescente ; facie albd ; vertice corpore subtis et

uropygio albis; dorso, alis et caudd cinerescenti-fuscis ; culmine

olivaceo-flavo.

Space surrounding the eye blackish grey, gradually passing into

the white of the face ; crown of the head, all the under surface and

rump white; back of the neck sooty-grey; back, wings and tail

dark greyish brown, the latter with white shafts; culmen for its

whole length olive-yellow; base of the under surface of the lower

mandible fleshy horn-colour, remainder of the bill black; point of

the upper mandible horn-colour ; feet bluish white.

108

Total length, 30 inches; bill, 44; wing, 20; tail, 9; tarsi, 34.

Hab. Southern, Indian, and South Pacific Oceans.

Mr. Fraser having carefully determined the species of birds form-

ing part of an extensive collection of subjects of natural history,

brought to England by Mr. Bridges, laid them before the Meeting,

and communicated the following notes from that gentleman relating

to their habits, ranges, &c.

Sarcoramphus gryphus, Auct. Condora and Buitre.

‘Found in all the provinces of Chile, and very abundant in the

elevated valleys of the Andes. Builds its nest on the shelves of in-

accessible precipices, and lays from one to two large white eggs.

Iris of the female dark red.”

Cathartes Iota, Mol. Toté.

‘This species is found in abundance along the coast of Chile ;

also in the interior; devouring dead fish and carrion of all kinds.

The head of the adult bird is red when alive. Iris light brown.”

Cathartes atratus, Sw. Iotecito and Ioté de Mendoza.

‘This bird is found on the eastern side of the Andes near Men-

doza, and is occasionally seen in Chile in the province of Colchagua.

The caruncles of the head are very large when alive, and black. Iris

dark brown.”

Haliaétus Aguia, Temm. Aguila of the Spanish, Calquin of the In-

dians.

‘« This bird inhabits the retired woody and mountainous parts of

the country. It sometimes soars to a great height. Its principal

food is partridges and domestic fowls. The young appear to accom-

pany the old for at least six months, and depend on them till that

age for food. I have frequently seen an eagle catch a patridge and

carry it to its young that would be waiting on a or rock ready

to receive it. Iris light brown; legs pale yellow; cere yellow.

Builds its nest on the tops of trees, and lays from three to four dirty-

white eggs.”

Polyborus Brasiliensis, Sw. Traro and Taro.

“ Feeds on carrion, worms, frogs and the larva of insects. It is

common to see these birds following the ploughman, picking up

worms, &c. in the newly broken soil. They build their nests in

trees: the nest is composed of sticks and stems of a species of Ru-

mex, and on the outside is a kind of platform where the male sits

during the setting of the hen. The eggs are dirty white spotted

with brown. Iris brown; legs and cere yellow. When pressed by

hunger it attacks chickens.”

Phalocobenus montanus, D’Orb. Tuique de la Cordelliera.

«This is a very rare bird, occurring only in the valleys of the

Andes at an elevation of from 5000 to 8000 feet. Found in pairs.

Iris dark brown.”

109

Milvago pezoporos, Meyen. Tuique.

*‘Common in all parts of Chile. Habits the same as the Traro

(Pol. Brasiliensis). Iris brown; legs light brown or grey.”

Buteo erythronotus, King. Aguilucha.

«This is the small eagle of Chile, as its name in Spanish implies.

It inhabits the open parts of the country, and is mostly seen perched

on the top of a solitary tree enjoying the sun in the afternoon. Base

of the bill, cere and legs greenish yellow; iris brown. Food, rats

and small birds.”

Astur unicinctus, Temm., Pl. Col. 313. Peuco.

«This species of hawk is found in the retired and woody parts of

the country: it appears to seek the shade during the day and hunts

its food in the evening. Iris light brown.”

Falco anutum, Bonap. Gavilan.

‘«‘ The Gavilan is a rare bird in Chile, and the most rapid on the

wing of all the Chilian hawks. It is occasionally seen in open parts

of the country perched on a rock-stone. Iris brown; legs and nos-

trils yellow.”

Falco femoralis, Temm. Alcon.

‘« This is the species of hawk in Chile used for hunting partridges.

It is easily domesticated. I have seen them caught in a net for the

purpose of hawking, and in fifteen days afterwards follow their master

and hunt partridges when sprung by the dogs. Base of the bill and

margins of the eyes bright yellow ; iris dark brown.”

Tinnunculus Sparverius. Sarnicula.

«This is the smallest of the hawk tribe in Chile. It is said to

build its nest in holes of trees. The female is easily distinguished

from the male by the bands across the tail-feathers. Iris dark brown.”

Circus cinereus, Vieill. Nublina is the name for the adult male, and

Barril for the female and young.

** This species is less rapid in its motions than the other hawks,

and generally flies nearer the ground. It feeds chiefly on rats and

mice. The ruff of feathers round the head gives it the appearance

of an owl. Iris bright yellow.”

Elanus dispar. Baylarin.

“This is the rarest of the Chilian hawks. It hovers over its prey,

and from that it takes its name, which signifies dancer. Eyes large ;

iris yellow. Found in pairs. It appears to be migratory, making

its appearance during the winter.”

Athene cunicularia, Mol., Hist. de Chile, pp. 293 and 390. Piqueu.

«* This species lives in holes in the ground, which it makes to a con-

siderable depth. In the afternoon it comes out of its cave and basks

in the sun. It appears to live in communities, as several inhabit the

same cave. Iris bright yellow.”

Athene ferox, Vieill. Chucho.

“This is the smallest species of owl found in Chile; it is very

destructive to pigeons, killing the young and eating only the brains of

110

its victims. It is much dreaded by small birds, and the hiding-place

of the Chucho is frequently discovered by their cries. It makes its

nest in holes of trees. Iris yellow.”

Otus palustris, Gould. Nuco.

«A rare species of owl, found in the province of Colchagua. Iris

yellow.”

Strix perlata, Licht. Lechusa. .

*‘ Inhabits old houses, and in holes in precipices made by the par-

rots. Rare in Chile.”

Bubo Virginianus, Wils. Tiicvirdre.

«The largest species of owl found in Chile. It inhabits woods

and may occasionally be found sleeping during the day. It has de-

rived its name from its note. Iris pale yellow.”

Caprimulgus bifasciatus, Gould. Plasta and Gallina ciega.

«This bird is found in bushy places on the east and west side of

the Andes. Iris brown. The female is rarer than the male. It is

called Plasta from its laying flat on the ground: Gallina ciega in

Spanish signifies Blind-hen.”

Hirundo leucopygia, Licht. Golondrina.

“Called in the Indian language Pi/mayqueu. It builds its nest,

which is composed of grass and feathers, in holes under the tiles of

houses. Remains in Chile throughout the year.”

Ceryle torquata, Gmel. Martin Pescador.

«‘The Indian name of this bird is Quete Quete. It inhabits all the

southern provinces of Chile, and may be generally seen sitting on a

bough over the water waiting for fish: it darts down upon them

with astonishing rapidity. Iris dark brown.”

Myiobius parvirostris, Gould. Pio.

«This little flycatcher makes its appearance near Valparaiso in

gardens and on the mountains in September. It is called Pio from

its note. Iris brown.”

Myiobius albiceps, G. R. Gray. Binda.

“This little bird inhabits lonely and shady ravines. It has asin-

gular and mournful note, from whence it has derived its name of

Binda or Widow-bird. Iris brown.”

Serpophaga parulus, Gould. Torito and Cachudita.

«This singular little bird inhabits gardens, and bushy situations

on the mountains, in Chile. It takes its name, Cachudita, from the

feather on the top of the head resembling a horn, cacho bemg a

term for horn in Spanish. Feeds on small insects. Iris pale yellow.”

Lichenops perspicillata, G. R. Gray. Colegial.

«This interesting little bird is always found near margins of rivers

and marshes: when flying it has a singular appearance, as it then

displays the white tips of its wings. Iris and margin of the eye

bright yellow.”

The Lichenops erythropterus, Gould, is either the female or young

of the above species.

111

Xolmis pyrope, G. R. Gray. Thincon and Dincon.

‘This bird is migratory: it visits the coast in the winter and

spring months, and during the summer retires to the elevated parts

of the country. Its food is flies and other insects. Iris bright red.”

Agriornis gutturalis, Gould. Mero and Zorzal Mero.

“This bird is found in the central provinces of Chile. Its food is

insects. Iris brown.”

Agriornis maritimus, G. R. Gray. Mero de la Cordelliera.

‘This bird inhabits the elevated valleys of the Andes on the east

and west sides. Iris brown.”

Turdus Falklandicus, Quoy et Gaim. Zorzal.

“ Found in all parts of Chile. Iris brown.”

Mimus Thenca, Mol. Tenca and Trenca.

«« This bird is certainly the most celebrated for its song of all the

birds in Chile: it sings during the months of September, October

and November. It frequently builds its nest. on the tall Catus*.

The eggs so much resemble the eggs of the blackbird of Europe that

it would be difficult to distinguish them; nor is the nest unlike. It

feeds on flies like the Muscicapa. Iris yellowish green.”

Opetiorhynchus nigrofumosus, G. R. Gray. Molinero.

“Inhabits the sea-shore in rocky places, margins of rivers, brooks

and ditches. It has a most agreeable note or warble, and flaps its

wings whilst singing. Iris brown.”

Opetiorhynchus vulgaris, G. R. Gray. _ Churete.

«Habits and manners the same as O. nigrofumosus.”

Geositta (Furnarius) canicularia, G. R. Gray. Caminante.

‘Found on the plains in the intermediate provinces of Chile.”

‘Uppucerthia dumetoria, Is. Geoff.

*« Inhabits the elevated valleys of the Andes. Iris brown.”

Pteroptochos megapodius, Vig. Turco.

«« The Turco is found in the ravines or quebradas near Valparaiso.”

Pteroptochos albicollis, Kittl. Tapaculo.

«This bird is found in all the central provinces of Chile, espe-

cially where the Octodon Cumingii abounds: when pursued it takes

shelter in holes made by the Octodon, and appears to live in har-

mony with that little animal. Its food is no doubt insects, worms,

&c., which it obtains with its strong claws by scratching under trees

and bushes. Iris brown.”

Scytalopus Magellanicus, G.R. Gray. Chircan negro.

‘«Inhabits hedges in various parts of Chile.”

Troglodytes Magellanicus, Gould. Chircan.

“This little wren builds its nest with twigs of Trevoa trinervis,

and lines the inside with feathers: the nest is found in holes of trees

and walls. It sings beautifully during the summer. Eggs white

* So in manuscript.

112

with reddish-brown spots. Inhabits gardens and hedges near Val-

paraiso.”

Synallaxis rufogularis, Gould.

‘* Found near marshes amongst large aquatic plants.”

Synallazis pumicola, Kittl. Bolaria.

“This bird is somewhat rare, is fond of bushy situations on the

mountains, and builds a cylindrical nest with a hole on the top,

composed of twigs of Trevoa trinervis; the inside is lined with the

down of a species of Gnaphalium : it lays from four to six eggs. Iris

brown.”

Synallaxis egithaloides, Kittl. Colilarga.

“‘Inhabits woody and bushy places, seeking insects in the trunks

of trees and amongst bushes.”

Synallazis spinicauda, King.

‘Inhabits woody situations in the interior of the country.”

Oxyurus dorso-maculatus, D’Orb.

‘Found near marshes amongst large aquatic plants. A very

rare bird.”

Dendrodramus leucosternon, Gould. Carpentero Pardo.

*‘Inhabits woods in the province of Colchagua near the Andes.

Rare.”

Muscisaxicola mentalis, D’Orb.

“This little bird migrates to the coast in flocks in the months of

June, July and August. Iris brown.”

Muscisazicola rufivertexr, D’Orb.

“‘Inhabits elevated mountains of the Andes, near the snow.”

Muscisazicola nigra, Less. Animita.

*‘Inhabits margins of rivers in sandy places. Found in pairs the

whole year.”’

Anthus correndera, Vieill.

“This interesting little bird inhabits moist plains and margins of

marshes : when it flies it expands its tail and shows the two exterior

white feathers : it is remarkably tame, and hides itself amongst high

grass. Iris brown.”

Cyanotis omnicolor, Swains. Pajaro de Siete colores.

Crithagra? brevirostris, Gould. Chirique.

«The Chirique is seen in the interior and on the coast of Chile in

flocks of several thousands together. It builds its nest among high

grass on the ground. Eggs dirty white with brown spots.”

Chrysometris campestris, Gould. Zilguero.

“This little bird is common about Valparaiso in the months of

September and October, on the mountains. It is caught with bird-

lime and in trap-cages, and sold in the market. It is kept in cages

for its song, which is almost as agreeable as that of the canary. Iris

brown.”

113

Chrysometris Magellanicus, Bonap. Zuilguero de la Cordelliera.

«« This little bird confines itself to the valleys of the Andes on the

east and west side. Iris brown.”

Zonotrichia mutatina, G.R. Gray. Chincol.

«‘ Found in all parts of Chile, also in valleys of the east side of the

Andes: builds its nest on bushes. Eggs white with brown spots.”

Fringilla alaudina, Kittl. Pichiquina.

“'Fhis little bird makes its appearance in the summer months :

inhabits corn-fields: builds its nest on the ground, and lays from

four to five whitish eggs with brown spots. Iris dark brown.”

Fringilla fruticeti, Kittl. Jalé.

«« Inhabits hedges and bushy situations. Iris brown.”

Fringilla Gayi, Edoy. et Gerv. Cometocina.

«The Cometocina visits the coast of Chile during the winter, and

in summer it migrates to the valleys of the Andes. It is found

both on the east and west sides. ‘The name in Spanish signifies

Bacon-eater; but why so called I know not. Iris light brown.”

Fringilla Diuca, Mol. Thiuca and Diuca.

«The Diuca is common in all parts of Chile: during the summer

months it sings before the dawn of day and in the afternoon. It is

a splendid sight to see the sun rise over the Andes in the months of

October and November, and the pleasure is moreover enhanced by

the warbling of a thousand Diucas. It builds its nest in bushes, and

lays from four to six dirty-brown-coloured eggs. Iris light brown.”

Emberiza luteocephala, D’Orb. Canaria.

“‘Inhabits the elevated valleys of the Andes, east and west sides.

Iris reddish brown.”

Phytotoma rara, Mol.

‘Called Rara by the natives, and is generally found near houses

on bushes and hedges. It is a most mischievous bird in gardens,

doing considerable damage to young plants by cutting them in two

with its serrated beak : it appears to live on the juice of the plants.

The note of this bird is singularly harsh, resembling more the croak-

ing of a frog than the note of a bird. Iris bright red.”

Sturnella Loica, Mol. Loica.

“The Loica is found in all parts of Chile. It congregates in

winter on the plains, builds its nest on the ground amongst grass,

and lays from four to six whitish eggs with brown spots. ‘These

birds often prove an annoyance to the sportsman in Chile, from the

dogs pointing at them as at partridges. Iris brown.”

Icterus Thilius, Mol. Thili or Trili.

*« Occurs in marshy situations, and builds its nest amongst reeds,

rushes and light grass: eggs white with brown spots. Iris dark

brown.”

Agelaius curaceus, Mol. Tordo.

*« This bird is found in all the intermediate provinces of Chile. It

congregates in the winter like the Loicaand Thili. The Tordo builds

114

its nest on trees: in size and material the nest resembles that of the

thrush of Europe, and is lined with mud inside in the same manner.

It lays from four to six eggs of a pale blue colour inclining to white.

This bird is easily domesticated, and may be taught to whistle and

talk. Iris dark brown.”

Conurus cyanolysios, Mol. Psit. Patachinus, Vig. Loro and Tricague.

“It makes holes in the precipices near rivers several yards in

length, where it deposits its nest and eggs. The eggs are white and

almost round, and vary from three to six in number. The young

are highly esteemed for the table, and are obtained by attaching a

fish-hook to the end of a long pliable stick, which is thrust into the

hole and turned round, or drawn backwards and forwards, until such

time as the person using it considers his object secured. Thenatives

when employed in capturing these birds incur considerable danger,

since they suspend themselves from the tops of high precipices by

means of a laso or hide-rope, which is either secured to a tree or

stake or held by two or three persons, who move as occasion re-

quires. Iris white.” F

Psittacara cheroyeus, Mol. (P. leptorhynchus, Vig.) Cheroy.

“‘Inhabits the province of Colchagua.”

Colaptes Pitiguus, Mol. Colaptes Chilensis, Vig. Pitigue.

«The Pitigue is found in all the southern provinces of Chile in

woody situations ; sometimes it may be seen on the ground seeking

worms and grubs. It takes its name from its cry or scream, which

may be heard at a great distance. Molina has committed an error

by stating that this, unlike the rest of the family to which it belongs,

builds its nest in holes in the ground. I have frequently found its

nest in holes of trees, but never do I remember having seen or heard

of an instance of its building as Molina asserts. The flesh is eaten.

Iris greenish yellow. Eggs white.”

Picus lignarius, Mol. Picus Kingii, G.R. Gray. Carpentero.

‘“‘Inhabits woods and hedges.”

Trochilus gigas, Vieill. Picaflor grande.

“The Troch. gigas is found in all the intermediate provinces of

Chile: it is seen about Valparaiso during the spring and summer

months, feeding on the flowers of Powrretia coarctata and Lobelia

polyphylla in preference to others. It generally builds its nest near

a little rivulet, frequently on a solitary twig or branch over the water ;

the nest is beautifully constructed, and is composed of moss and the

down of a species of Gnaphalium. Eggs white; iris dark brown.

Catches flies.”

Trochilus Millerii, Loddiges. Picaflor de la Cordelliera.

“This beautiful and rare species of humming-bird is only found

in the elevated valleys of the Andes, residing amongst storms of hail,

rain and thunder, and in places where the naturalist would least

expect to find a species of Trochilus. It subsists more upon simall

flies than upon the nectar of flowers. On examination of the crops

I found them filled with flies, which they take before sun-down along

115

the margins of the mountain rivulets. The specimens in the present

collection were taken at Los ojos de Agua, province of Aconcagua,

at an elevation of from 6000 to 8000 feet, and I saw them at least

1000 feet above that place. Iris brown.”

Trochilus galeritus, Mol. (T. Kingii, Vig., T. sephanoides, Less.) Pi-

caflor.

Bound about Valparaiso in abundance in the months of August,

September and October. Feeds on the Loranthus tetrandrus, a parasitic

plant growing on the olive. It is taken by the boys with bird-lime,

made from the berries of the above-mentioned plant. This species

of humming-bird is seen as far south as the island of Chiloe, in lat.

42° south. The females are destitute of the flame-colour on the head,

and appear to be less numerous than the males.”

Columba Fitzroyi, King. Torcasa and Torquasa.

«‘The Torcasa is found in all the southern provinces of Chile.

Near Santiago it assembles in the winter in immense flocks, feeding

on young grass and Alfalfa. In summer it migrates to the forests

of the southern provinces to rear its young, and then feeds on the

berries of the laurel. Iris reddish brown.”

Columba Boliviana, D’Orb. Tortola Cordellierana, i.e. Dove of the

Andes.

for a short time. When put to flight it makes a whistling noise with

its wings. Generally seen in small flocks.”

Zenaida aurita, Temm. Tortola.

“This is the most common of the Columbide found in Chile. It

assembles in winter in large flocks, and is killed and brought to the

markets of Santiago and Valparaiso in large quantities. Iris dark

brown.”

Columbina strepitans, Spix. Tortolita cyana.

“This pretty little species of dove is found in the valley of Acon-

cagua in Chile, and more abundantly on the eastern side of the

Andes near Mendoza. Iris greenish white.”

Nocthura perdicaria, G.R. Gray. Perdiz.

“This bird is dispersed over all the Republic of Chile ; it is found

on the bushy sides of the mountains and in corn-fields. They are

either solitary or in pairs, but never congregate: their eggs are of a

beautiful dark purple colour, and from ten to fifteen in number.

When sprung they utter a shrill whistle, and their flight is very rapid

for a short distance. The male scarcely differs in plumage from the

female. Iris brown.”

Tinochorus D’Orbignianus. Perdiz de la Cordelliera.

“‘Inhabits elevated valleys and mountains of the Andes, both on

the east and west sides. The male shows a strong attachment for

its mate, and calls her immediately when separated. Found in pairs.

Iris brown.”

116

Tinochorus Eschscholtzii. Perdizita and Perdigon.

“This interesting little bird is found on plains in Chile. When

it rises from the ground it takes a rapid and circular flight, often re-

turning to the same spot from whence it rose. In winter they as-

semble in flocks. Iris brown.”

Eudromia elegans, D’Orb. Martinella.

‘Found in pairs on the Pampas near Mendoza.”

Hematopus niger, Temm. Tira Tira.

** Found along rocky shores in small flocks: it utters a loud shrill

whistle when put to flight. Feeds on Buccinum concholepas and

the various species of Patella. Legs white; iris yellow.”

Hematopus palliatus, Temm. Pilpileu.

*‘ Inhabits sandy shores of Chile north of Valparaiso. It feeds on

marine insects and assembles in small flocks. Iris yellow; legs white.”

Ardea major ? Mol. (Ardea Cocot? Linn.) Cuca.

«This fine species of Ardea is probably the A. major, Mol.; it is

very rare, and is only seen occasionally along the banks of rivers in

the southern provinces of Chile.”

Ardea Thula, Mol. Garsa cirigonia and Garsa Chica.

“Tris pale yellow ; fore part of the legs black ; hinder part yellow-

ish green. Food small fish, frogs, and the larvee of Libellule congre-

gates in the spring. Builds its nest on trees near lakes, ponds and

marshes.”

Herodias galatea, Mol. (Herodias leuce.) Garsa grande.

‘‘ Inhabits lakes, marshes and rivers. Iris pale yellow; bill yellow ;

legs black.”

Ciconia Pillus, Mol. (Ciconia Maguari.) Pillo and Pillu ; pronounced

Peel-yu and Pe-yu.

«« This noble bird is often seen in the marshes of the province of

Colchagua, and feeds on a species of lobster, called by the natives

Cangrejo, which is abundant in the marshes and moist meadows.

The habitat of the Cangrejo may be known by the extraordinary cy-

linders which it makes with the mud taken from its caves ; sometimes

they are elevated a foot above the surface of the soil, looking like so

many little columns. The Pillu whilst stalking amongst them catches

the Cangrejo on the top depositing its load brought from the bottom

of the cave. I once took from the crop of those birds three entire

mice, no doubt caught by them amongst the grass in the marshes.

Iris pale yellow.”

Nycticorax cyanocephalus, Mol. (Nyc. Americanus, Bonap.) Guedavo,

Huedavo.

“This appears to be the Ardea cyanocephala, Mol., p. 260. It

may almost be considered a nocturnal bird; it flies and seeks its food

in the evening; during the day it is generally seen sleeping on trees

or bushes whose branches extend over the water. Iris large, pale

orange-colour ; legs yellowish green; eggs pale blue. Flesh said to

117

be excellent eating. This bird varies much in its plumage accord-

ing to age.”

Phenicopterus Chilensis, Mol. (Phen. ignicapillus, Is. Geoff.) Flé-

menco and Cheuque.

«Inhabits shallows in the lakes and rivers, especially in the south-

ern provinces of Chile. Eye small; iris pale yellow; base of the bill

rose-colour ; point of the bill to the curvature black ; legs sea-green,

inclining to grey ; feet and heel-joint deep rose or pink colour. It

is a magnificent sight to see five hundred of these beautiful birds in

a flock, wading in the shallows of the lakes, and no less so when

they rise on the wing ; the contrast of the black feathers beneath the

wings and the lovely scarlet and rose colours producing a very plea-

sing effect. I have never been able to ascertain where these birds

build their nest, but it is probably in the remote and elevated valleys

of the Andes in marshy places, together with the numerous species

of the Anatide.”

Platalea ajaja, Linn. Cuchareta, 7. e. Spoonbill.

«* A rare bird in Chile; it is found in small flocks of five or six

along the margins of rivers south of Valparaiso, and is a shy bird.”

Harpiprion Cayanensis (Ibis (Falcinellus) Ordi, Bonap.). Cuervo and

Gallereta.

“The Cuervo inhabits marshy places and occurs in immense

flocks. When on the wing it always flies in some geometrical figure.

Food aquatic insects. Iris crimson.”

Theristicus melanops, Wagl. Banduria.

««The Banduria is rot uncommon in the interior of Chile. Fre-

quently seen in marshy places in small flocks ; builds its nest on trees

near water. It is easily domesticated. ‘The flesh is eaten by the

natives. Iris pale red.”

Numenius Hudsonicus, Lath. Perdiz de la Mar.

‘‘ Inhabits sandy bays along the shores of Chile. Feeds on marine

insects.”

Himantopus nigricollis, Vieill. Perrito.

“‘Inhabits the margins of lakes and rivers. Legs red; iris dark

brown.”

Philomachus Chilensis, Mol. (Vanellus Cayanus, Auct.) Queltregue

and Queltegue.

«A very common bird on the plains near the Andes; it feeds on

locusts during the summer. The eggs of this bird, in size and co-

lour, resemble those of the lapwing of England, so much so that it

would be difficult to distinguish them, and are also excellent eating.

Iris pale purple.”

Oreophilus totanirostris, Jard. & Selb.

“This is a very rare bird, probably a native of the Andes. It

makes its appearance on the plains in small flocks in the winter,

Iris brown. Rare.”

118

Strepsilas Interpres, Il.

‘«‘Inhabits sandy shores and mouths of rivers. Iris brown.”

Charadrius Virginianus, Wils.

‘‘Inhabits sandy shores and mouths of rivers. Iris brown.”

Squatarola Urvillit (Squatarola cincta, Jard.; Charadrius rubecala,

King).

“‘Inhabits sandy shores and mouths of rivers. Iris brown.”

Hiaticula bifasciata.

‘‘Inhabits the shores and margins of lakes in Chile.”

Phalaropus Wilsonii, Sab.

“‘ Inhabits the lake of Quintero. Rare.”

Limosa Hudsonicus, Sw. Avecasina de la Mar, i. e. Sea-Snipe.

“‘Inhabits the mouths of rivers near the sea. Rare.”

Scolopax Paraguaie, Vieill. Avecasina and Porrotero.

“ Found in large flocks in the marshes during winter. Iris brown.”

Rhynchea semicollaris, G.R. Gray. Avecasino pintada, 7. e. Painted

Snipe.

“Inhabits marshes. Bill and legs pale green; iris brown.”

Rallus sanguinolentus, Sw. Piden.

‘Tris bright red; bill blue at the base and light green at the tip.

Inhabits marshes and margins of rivers. The flesh is highly esteemed ;

by the Chilenos considered equal to that of the partridge.”

Gallinula crassirostris, J. E. Gray. Taguita.

«The Taguita is found in marshes, rivers and lakes. Iris red;

legs brown; bill pale green. Eggs brown or dirty white with red-

dish spots.”

Fulica galeata, G. R. Gray.

«Found abundantly in the lakes of Quintero and Santa Domingo.

Legs reddish brown.”

Anser melanopterus, Eyton. Pinguen.

« Found during the winter, in pairs, on plains near the Andes, in

the province of Colchagua.”’

Chlephaga Magellanica, Ryton. Canquena.

«Found in the winter months on the plains.”

Cygnus nigricollis. Cisne.

‘This noble bird is found in all the lakes near the coast of Chile.

Iris brown. In pairs.”

Rhynchaspis maculatus. Pato Abaston.

*« Found in lakes and rivers near the sea.”

Querquedula creccoides, Eyton. Pata Jergon Chico.

«Tnhabits rivers and lakes. Common. Iris brown.

Querquedula cerulata, Eyton (Anas Raffesii, Vig.). Pato colorado,

or Red Duck.

« This beautiful species of duck is found in the lakes and rivers in

small flocks. Iris pale red.”

”

119

Mareca Chiloensis, Eyton. Pato real, or Royal Duck.

«Inhabits rivers and lakes. Found in pairs.”’

Anas chalcoptera, Kitt). (Anas specularis, King.) Pato del Estero.

«“ This is a rare species of duck: it inhabits the rivers and lakes

in the province of Colchagua where wood abounds. It does not

congregate like the other species, but is mostly seen in pairs. Ivis

brown; web between the toes black.”

Anas Bahamensis ? Linn. Pato Jergon grande.

“ Tnhabits rivers andlakes. Common. Iris brown.”

Erismatura ferruginea, Eyton. Pato Pimpillo.

« This is a very difficult bird to obtain, being very shy and diving

when you approach within gun-shot of it. Found in the lake of

Quintero.”

Podiceps Kalipareus, Quoy et Gaim. Gualita de la Mar.

“This species confines itself to the sea, and assembles in large

flocks in the months of September and October. Found in the bay

of Valparaiso and along the coast. Iris red.”

Podiceps Rollandii, Quoy et Gaim. Pollolo.

« Inhabits rivers and freshwater lakes near the coast. Iris red.”

Podiceps Chilensis, Garnot. Guala and Gualon.

«This fine species of grebe inhabits the sea and freshwater lakes

near the coast of Chile. Iris light brown.”

Puffinus cinereus, Steph.

“Rocky islets near the bay of Quintero.”

Pelecanoides Garnotii, G.R. Gray. Palo yunco.

‘‘Inhabits the bay of Quintero. Rare.”

Procellaria glacialoides, Smith.

«‘ Found in the bay of Valparaiso.”

Daption Capensis, Steph. Tablero.

«« Found off the coast of Chile, from thirty to forty miles distant

from land. Iris dark brown.”

Merganetta armata, Gould. Pato de la Cordelliera.

Larus dominicans ? Licht. Quilla.

«‘ Inhabits the shores of Chile; in sandy shallows near the mouths

of rivers. Iris brown.”

Xema (Chroicocephalus) cirrocephalum, G.R. Gray. Caguil.

“ Found with L. dominicans ?”

Rhynchops nigra, Linn. Tijereta, or Scissor-bird.

“« This species of Rhynchops inhabits the coast of Chile ; its favourite

abode is the warm sandy shallows in the lakes and mouths of rivers.

It assembles in large flocks in the spring. Iris brown; legs red.”

Phalacrocorax Gaimardii (Phalacrocorae cirriger, King). Pato Lila.

“Inhabits the bay of Valparaiso. Iris dark green; legs red.”

Phalacrocorar Brasiliensis ? Spix. Yeco and Pato dei Diablo, or

Devil Duck.

120

«‘ This bird builds its nest on the summits of the loftiest trees, in

flocks of many thousands in the bay of Valdivia, near a place called

Los Guauros, south of the island of Mansera. it is impossible to

remain long in the place where they build, owing to the offensive

smell occasioned by their dung, together with the putrid fish which

falls from the trees brought for their young. They obtain their food

by diving near the rocks along the shore, and are capable of remain-

ing long under water. Iris sea-green.”

Sula ? Piguero.

«The Piguero inhabits the coast of Chile from the island of Chi-

loe to Copiapo. It is amusing to watch the motions of this bird

when flying over the surface of the sea. The moment it perceives

a fish, it folds its wings and falls with the rapidity of lightning into

the water, diving no doubt to a considerable depth, and often rises

with the fish in its mouth. ‘The base of the bill, gullet and legs are

a beautiful light purple. Iris light brown.”

The following species are found ia the vicinity of the city of Men-

doza, and are not found on the western side of the Andes :—

Progne purpurea, Boie. Golondrina.

«This beautiful bird makes its nest in holes along the steep banks

of the rivers of Mendoza; also in precipices near the thermal springs

at Villa Vicencia. Iris dark brown.”

Muscivora Tyrannus, Gray. Tijerata.

«‘This singular bird is very pugnacious when setting; when on

the wing it extends its tail, which gives it a very singular appear-

ance. It takes its name from its tail resembling a pair of scissors.

Inhabits fields and vineyards near Mendoza. Iris dark brown.”

Lichenops (Fluvicola cyanirostris, D’Orb.). Virey.

«This curious little bird receives its name from its note, which it

makes on the wing. It perches on the top of a bush, and on a sud-

den ascends for two yards in the air, and whilst so doing calls out

‘ Vi-rey, returning to the same twig from whence it rose. It feeds

on flies and insects, and inhabits the valleys of the Andes near Villa

Vicencia. Bill blue; legs black; iris dark brown.”

Turdus fuscater, D’Orb. Zorzal.

“ Inhabits the vicinity of Mendoza. Iris brown. Sings equal to

the blackbird of England.”

Mimus tricaudatus, D’Orb. Calandria.

“ This bird has a soft and melodious note; it sings when the sun

is nearly lost in the horizon, which perhaps may give it a greater

charm. Iris brown.”

There is in the collection another species from this locality (Men-

doza) calied Trenca, the technical name of which has not yet been

made out.

Rhynomya lanceolata, D’Orb. Turco.

“ Found in bushy places on the Pampas near the river Tunilyan.

Iris brown.”

121

Molothrus niger, Gould. Tordo.

«Found in small flocks in fields near Mendoza. Iris dark brown.”

Diplopterus guira, Gray. Urraca, or Magpie.

«“ This bird is noisy and restless in its habits; it is found in gar-

dens, vineyards, &c. near Mendoza. Iris pale yellow.”

Mr. Fraser observed that an entire series of the above Chilian

Birds is contained in the museum of the Earl of Derby.

122

August 8, 1843.

Prof. Owen in the Chair.

A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, H. J. Ross,

Esq., was read. ‘This letter is dated Malta, July 3, 18438, and an-

nounces the receipt of various packages forwarded to Mr. Ross by

the Society. This gentleman offers his services in collecting for the

Society at Malta, and gives an account of a species of Petrel found

in that island, which he thinks is possibly new to science. He ob-

serves, moreover, that in his former letters he had omitted to state

that the Common Nuthatch (Sitta Europea) is common at Kaipariah.

Mr. Fraser stated that he had received the following observations

from Mr. George Loddiges, relating to some species of Humming

Birds described in the Society’s Proceedings :—

Ornismya vestita, Revue Zoologique, 1838, p. 314; 1839, p. 18;

1840, p. 8, is your Trochilus uropygialis, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p.15.

O. heteropogon, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354; Mag. de Zool., 1840,

pl. 12, Oiseaux, is your 7. coruscus.

O. microrhyncha, Boissenneau, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354, Dec. ;

Mag. de Zool. 1840, pl. 16, Oiseaux, is your T. brachyrhynchus.

O. ensifera, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354, Dec. ; Mag. de Zool. 1840,

pl. 15, Oiseaux, is your T. Derbianus.

O. Bonapartie, Revue Zool. 1840, p. 6, is my 7. pecan The

female only is described.

O. Temminckii, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354, Dec.; Mag. de Zool.

1840, pl. 14, Oiseaux, is my 7. cyanopterus.

O. Guerinii, Boissenneau, Revue Zool. 1840, p. 7, Jan., is your

T. parvirostris. The female only is in both described.

O. La Fresnayi, Revue Zool. 1840, p. 8, Jan., is your T. flavi-

caudatus.

O. Allardi, Bourcier, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 294, Oct.; O. Allardi,

Bourc., Anal. des Sci. Physiques de Lyon, iii. p. 226; O. Pauline,

Boissenneau, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 355, Dec. ; Mag. de Zool., pl. 13,

1840, D’Orbigny’s smaragdinocollis, is my T. Tyrianthinus,

Mr. Fraser read a portion of a letter from the Earl of Derby, Pre-

sident, relating to the hatching and rearing of Fire-back Pheasants

in his Lordship’ s menagerie.

A species of Cercopithecus recently added to the Society’s mena-

gerie was exhibited. Of this species, the Secretary observed, he had

seen several specimens, and that in the Leyden Museum it is labelled

as the Cercopithecus lunulatus of Kuhl.

August 22nd, September 12th and 26th, and October 10th,

no meetings were held.

No. CXXVII,—Procrepines or THE Zoo. Soc.

October 24, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, J. B. Harvey,

Esq., was read. In this letter, which is dated Port Lincoln, February

14, 1843, Mr. Harvey announces that he had forwarded for the So-

ciety’s Museum several jars, containing numerous zoological sub-

jects preserved in spirit. ‘The specimens referred to were laid before

the Meeting, and were contained in seventeen bottles; among them

were many invertebrate animals of considerable interest and some

specimens of marsupial mammals in a foetal condition.

The Chairman observed, that it was with the greatest regret he

had to announce the recent death of Mr. Harvey, a gentleman who

had for many years past been one of the Society’s most active and

zealous Corresponding Members,—one to whom the Society was

greatly indebted for very numerous valuable presents, and for several

interesting communications,

A stuffed specimen of the Cassowary, presented by Her Majesty

the Queen, and a specimen of the Great Northern Diver, presented

by J. B. Robinson, Esq., were exhibited. On the table was alsoa

specimen of the Common Chameleon, presented by Dr. J. B. Thomp-

son, and in a note which accompanied it that gentleman states that

the specimen had lived for two months in this country, but at the

end of that time died in a spasmodic fit, apparently occasioned by

the sting of a wasp, which had been observed flying about it. On

the afternoon of the day that the chameleon was supposed to have

been stung, it became very restless, and changed its hue oftener than

usual ; it continued in this state for two days and died on the third.

The following papers were read :—

“Notes of the Dissection of a Female Orang-utan (Simia Satyrus,

Linn.),” by Prof. Owen.

“The female Orang-utan which died October 11th, 1843, was

examined by me on the following day. Its weight was 41 lbs.; its

age probably between five and six years. ‘I'he living animal, when

first received at the Gardens, January 4th, 1839, weighed 33 lbs.

8o0z. The acquisition of the permanent series of teeth had been in

progress nearly a year. Of this series the first true molar tooth on

each side of both upper and lower jaws was first acquired; then the

two middle lower incisors ; next the two large middle upper incisors

cut the gum. The two lateral upper incisors and the left lateral

lower incisor were soon after displaced, but their successors had not

made their appearance through the gum at the time of the death of

the animal. At this period, therefore, the following deciduous teeth

Nos. CXXVUI. & CXXIX.—Proceepines or Tnx Zoot. Soe.

124

were retained in the jaw: the right lateral lower incisor, the four

canines, and the eight molars.

“The permanent teeth (bicuspides) destined to succeed these

had their crowns about half formed. Those of the large permanent

canines were in the state of hollow cones, supported, like the fore-

going, by large and highly vascular matrices, in the course of con-

version into the dental substance. The crowns and fangs of the

lateral permanent incisors were almost completed. ‘There was no

trace of the matrix of the last true molar tooth in the lower jaw.

«« The membranes of the brain were unusually injected, and there

was much serum between the arachnoid and pia mater. An unusual

quantity of serum had likewise been effused into the cavities of the

thorax, pericardium and abdomen.

«The principal and lethal morbid changes were found in the chest :

the right lung adhered by nearly the whole of its superficies to the

surrounding parietes. Its substance was disorganized throughout

by numerous tubercles, some of which had begun to soften in the

centre. The left lung had been the seat of more recent and active

inflammation ; its cellular tissue was gorged with bloody serum, and

its lower part hepatized. A small cyst, with firm parietes and clear

fluid contents, adhered to its surface. The heart had an oval patch,

two-thirds of an inch broad, of opake lymph upon its surface, as in

a former Orang: a cyst like that on the left lung adhered to its

surface. The mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi was of

a rose-tint, and the tubes loaded with frothy opake mucus.

«The right lobe of the liver was enlarged and congested; there

was a slight adhesion of the epiploon to the spleen, which organ pre-

sented a slight anomaly sometimes observed in Man, viz. a small

separate supplemental spleen, about half an inch in diameter, attached

to the epiploon, just below the spleen proper. With the exception

of a slight increase of vascularity at one or two parts, the whoie ali-

mentary tract was in a sound state.

«“The laryngeal sacs were expanded as far as the clavicles and

shoulder-joint, but did not extend below the clavicles.

«The ovaria were of a narrow elongated form, with a slightly

tuberculated surface. I obtained ova from several of the graafian

vesicles, and one of these contained two ova: they closely resemble

those of the human subject, have a thick transparent vitelline tunic,

containing the minutely granular contents and germinal vesicle : dia-

meter 345th of an inch.”

Prof. Owen exhibited one of these ova, and concluded by obser-

vations on the brain of the Oran-utan. Its weight was 11 oz. 2 drs.

12 grs. avoird., including the injected pia mater.

‘Descriptions of new species of Scalaria and Murez, from the

collection of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B.,” by Mr. Hinds.

Scauarra GuaBrata. Scal. testd elongatd, politd ; anfractibus de-

cenis, rotundatis, feré disjunctis ; costis membranaceis, vicinis supra

et infra connatis, prope suturam dilatatis ; anfractu ultimo decem-

costato ; aperturd ovali ; umbilico peritremate tecto. Axis 8 lin.

125

Hab. Amboina; Straits of Macassar; Straits of Malacca. Ona

muddy floor, in from ten to seventeen fathoms.

The specimens were all obtained without the animal, but the mot-

tled appearance which they present seems to indicate, that when re-

cent they were most probably of a light brown colour.

Scataria Diana. Scal. testd ovatd, acuminatd, politd ; anfracti-

bus septenis connatis, costis valde aleformibus ornatis ; anfractu

ultimo hexacostato, ad basin obtuse carinato ; aperturd rotundatd,

inferne subtruncatd ; peritremate extis alato; umbilico nullo.

Axis 5 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya; from thirty-six fathoms, among mud.

Scauania vestatis. Scal. testd ovato-elongatd, pallidd ; anfractibus

nonis rotundatis, connatis; costis numerosis, tenuibus, sparsim

varicosis, lineis transversis eleganter cancellatis ; aperturd ovali ;

umbilicatd. Axis 44 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; from seven fathoms, among mud.

An elegant cancellated species, with numerous fine ribs, which,

when becoming varicose, are slightly spined above. The number of

ribs on the last whorl appears little liable to fluctuation, and they

become a very useful and valuable character in the discrimination of

the species. In S. vestalis their number is twenty-two.

ScaLaria suTuRALIS. Scal. testd elongatd, pallide fuscd ; anfrac-

tibus decenis, connatis; costis numerosis, parvis, approximatis,

lineis transversis decussatis, subdistanter varicosis ; suturd et an-

Sfractu ultimo ad basin carinato ; aperturd subrotundd ; umbilico

nullo. Axis 8 lin.

Hab, Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, among mud.

An elongated shell; also somewhat cancellated by lines traversing

the numerous small ribs. At intervals of something less than the

volution of each whorl a thick rounded varix is formed : a keeled line

also occupies the most inferior portion of the whorl, close to the su-

ture. The specimens had been left by the animal some time previous

to being captured, and though they are not in very good condition,

there still remains a disposition to a dark brown banding.

Scanarra acicutina. Scal. testd elongatd, politd; anfractibus

decenis subdisjunctis ; costis rotundatis, superne angulatis ;

anfractu ultimo decemcostato; aperturd ovali; umbilico parvo.

Axis 34 lin.

Hab. West coast of intertropical America.

ScaLaRIA CREBERRIMA. Scal. testd ovato-elongatd, albidd ; an.

Sractibus septenis, connatis, costis tenuibus creberrime instructis ;

aperturd ovali; umbilico nullo. Axis 8 lin.

Hab. North coast of New Guinea; from seven fathoms, among

mud.

The whorls are closely set with ribs, in numbers almost too great

to be enumerated.

126

SCALARIA PoRRECTA. Scal. testd ovato-elongatd, fused, politd ; an-

Sractibus octonis, connatis, superne rotundatis; costis acutis,

superneé aculeatis ; anfractu ultimo septemdecemcostato, pallide

fasciato ; aperturd ovali, ad basin truncato ; umbilico nullo. Axis

43 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, among mud.

ScaLarts vutpina. Seal. testd elongatd, fuscd ; anfractibus nonis

rotundatis, connatis; costis obtusis, rotundatis, lineis elevatis de-

cussatis ; suturd profundd ; anfractu ultimo novemcostato, ad basin

obtuse carinato ; aperturd rotundd ; umbilico nullo. Axis 3 lin.

Hab. Island of Quibo, Veragua, Central America; from thirty

fathoms, among mud; the temperature below being 58°, and at the

surface 82°.

A pretty little shell, which, under first impressions, the propriety

of placing in Scalaria might be called in question, though it pos-

sesses the characters assigned to the genus. Still there is a differ-

ence of character and appearance, which creates a momentary hesi-

tation. But, together with its deep suture, the basal whorl is pro-

vided at its inferior surface with a blunt keel, which is also to be

met with in a few other species of Scalaria, but I am not aware in

any other genus, and which induces me to place it here without the

least doubt as to the propriety of its location.

The following new species of Murex were collected, with three

exceptions, during the voyage of the Sulphur, under the command

of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., and figures of them will shortly be

published in the ‘ Zoology’ of the Voyage. These descriptions are by

Mr. Hinds.

Murex AntILLarum. Mur. testd subfusiformi, pallidd, trivaricosé ;

anfractibus septenis rotundatis ; varicibus tribus rotundatis, spi-

niferis, postice fornicatis ; ad angulum anfractuum spind unicd

elongatd, deinde quinque breviusculis ; interstitiis tri-, vel rariis,

quadri-fariam noduloso-costatis, lineis transversis fuscis penicil-

latis ; canali elongato, aperto, prope anfractum basalem subflexo,

spinis duabus cavis gerente. Axis 18 lin.

Hab. Tortola, West Indies. Mus. Cuming.

This shell is another of those typical forms of Murex which have

recently become somewhat numerous, and which appear to be con-

fined to the tropical seas. I am strongly disposed to think that it is

meant to be represented in fig. 69 of the ‘ Conchological Illustrations,’

which is mentioned as a variety of M. Motacilla, though there are

still some little points of difference. A fine specimen often permits

a conchologist to clear up his doubts as to specific importance, and

I have had the assistance of such in drawing up the above descrip-

tion. Indifferent specimens are not uncommon, and Mr. Sowerby,

jun. had most probably only such, and was compelled to leave it as

a variety of M. Motacilla.

Murex centriruca. Mur. testd gracillime fusiformi, pallide cor-

127

ned, passim creberrim? striatd ; varicibus tribus, subalatis, in spi-

nis compressis laciniatis ; spind ad angulum anfractuum elongata,

subrectd ; interstitiis nodo unico ; aperturd elongata, ovali; labro

intis levi; canali mediocri, rectiusculo, clauso, ad basin subre-

curvo. Axis 16 lin.

Hab. West coast of Veragua ; on a sandy floor in fifty-two fathoms.

This species has the general character of M. pinniger and M. ca-

pensis, and is very closely allied to the latter.

Morex Festivus. Mur. testd fusiformi, crassa, fulvd, trivaricosd ;

varicibus simplicibus, recurvis, supern? cristatis, subtilissimé cre-

niferis ; interstitiis nodulosis, lineis subgeminis transversis fuscis

eleganter ornatis ; aperturd ovali ; labro inits sparsim denticulato ;

canali valdé clauso, ad basin subrecurvo. Axis 13 lin.

Hab. Bay of Madalena, California; dredged from seven fathoms,

on a sandy floor.

Morex roveonatus. Mur. testd fusiformi, crassd, multivaricosd,

transversim creberrime sulcaid, laminis minimis longitudinalibus

Ffoveolatd atro-purpureo pallide bifasciaid ; varicibus septenis sim-

plicibus, postice rotundatis, antice margine acutd ; aperturd ovali,

coarctatd ; labro intits obtuse denticulato ; labio interno producto ;

canali aperto, subrecurvo. Axis 125 lin.

Hab, Bay of Madalena, California; with the preceding.

Morex ananas. Mur. testd Susiformi, ventricosd, crassd, multi-

varicosd ; anfractibus septenis superné subplanulatis, transversim

costatis, costis alternate minoribus; varicibus senis rotundatis

spiniferis, spird supremd precipue mazimd, brevi, rectd, solidd,

biplicatd, transversim compressd, ceteris brevissimis subequali-

bus; aperturd rosed, rotundatd, seu paulisper elongate ovali, postic®

canaliculatd ; canali mediocri, subobliquo, aperto, margine columel-

lari rugulosd, dorso bifariam spinoso, serie supremd superante.

Hab. West coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming.

A shell closely resembling M. rosarium in its size and proportions,

but finds its specific distinction in its greater massiveness, the superior

size of its upper series of spines, and the absence of nodules on the

interstitial ribs. Both shells have a distinct fasciation of three dark

bands, but our species is entirely wanting in that beautiful and ele-

gant covering of striz which is so conspicuous in the fine specimen

of M. rosarium in Mr. Cuming’s collection.

Murex Betcueri. Mur. testd magnd, fusiformi, crassd, ponderosd,

pallidé fused, multivaricosd ; anfractibus quadratis, albo fascia-

tis ; varicibus numerosis, foliaciis simplicibus, superneé elongatis,

Sornicatis, etate valde erosis ; aperturd quadratd, pallidé carned ;

labro intis levi, inferne dente magno, crasso, obtuso; canali tor-

tuoso, aperto, ad sinistram inclinato ; umbilico precipue magno.

Axis 66 lin.

Hab? San Diego, California. From a bank of mud near the head

of the harbour.

128

Murex caurrornicus. Mur. testd fusiformi, fulvd, trivaricosd ;

anfractibus senis, superné planulatis, transversim costatis, costis

rotundatis, subdistantibus, ad lacinias varicum incurrentibus, in-

tervallis costellatis, creniferis ; varicibus sex-laciniatis, supremd

maximd alatd, deinde gradatim minoribus creniferis ; aperturd

ovali, levi; canali.clauso, recurvo, ad basin purpurascente. Axis

18 lin.

Hab. California. Mus. Cuming.

Movrex namatus. Mur. testd rhomboided, pallide luted, multiva-

ricosd ; anfractibus septenis, inter varices areis quadratis ; spird

subelongatd, acutd ; varicibus senis alatis, laciniis uncinatis ; aper-

turd ovali, inferne dente parvo acuto; canali clauso, rectiusculo.

Axis 134 lin.

Hab. Bay of Guayaquil; from a muddy floor, in twenty-one fa-

thoms.

This shell, together with M. emarginatus, M.monoceros and M. Nut-

tali, belong to a section of the genus which has been called by Con-

rad Cerastoma. But if the marginal tooth of the aperture is to be

regarded as sufficient grounds for separation, then I fear we must

draw freely on some of the typical species, where its existence seems

to have been little heeded. Mr. Swainson assigns it as a charac-

ter of his subgenus Muricanthus or Centronotus ; but for the above

reasons it ceases to possess any importance. In M.hamatus the situa-

tion of the tooth on the dorsal varices is marked by a small sharp

notch.

Morex crrrosus. Mur. testd fusiformi, ventricosd, pallidé carned,

formosissime multivaricosd ; suturd profundd, prope nigricante ;

varicibus nonis sexfuriam laciniatis ; laciniis fistulosis, albis, re-

spectantibus, gradatim minoribus ; interstitiis costis rotundatis

lacinias incurrentibus ; aperturd ovali; labro intis levi; canal

gracili, recurvo, fere clauso, dorso bifariam laciniato, serie supe-

riore gemind. Axis 9 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar. In fifteen fathoms, among sand and

fine gravel.

An uncommonly beautiful species, both from the delicacy of its

colour, and the rich, varied, and elaborate character of its sculpture.

Murex cravipvus. Mur. testd globose fusiformi, multivaricosd ;

anfractibus senis rotundatis, transversim costatis, superné fusco

fasciatis ; costulis approximatis, lamellosis ; varicibus quinis cos-

tulis subdivergentibus transitis, postice foveolatis ; aperturd ovali,

productd ; labro intis levi; canali longiusculo, aperto, ad sinis-

tram inclinato. Axis 10 lin.

Hab. Cape Blanco, west coast of Africa. From sixty fathoms.

Murex rapicatus. Mur. testd fusiformi, pallide lutescente, multi-

varicosd; varicibus quinis, laciniatis, antice abruptis ; laciniis

compressis, subquadratis, medio lined duplicatis, postice medio in-

aie ez e z 4 = .

terstitiorum ewsilientibus ; aperturd ovali, productd ; labro intis

levi; canali fere clauso, ad basin subrecurvo, Axis 10 lin.

129

Hab. San Blas, west coast of Mexico. From eleven fathoms,

among mud.

In this species the lacinie of the varix take root near the centre

of the interspace, whence they proceed directly forwards. They are

of a squarish compressed shape, and are partially divided in their

middle by an impressed line.

Murex preritus. Mur. testd subrhomboided, albidd, multivaricosé ;

anfractibus septenis, supern? angulatis et fuscis, ultimo elongato

in canalem attenuato, transversim striatis ; varicibus senis tenuibus,

laciniatis, antic? inter lacinias seriebus duabus eleganter crenatis ;

laciniis acuminatis, uncinatis, gradatim minoribus ; aperturd ob-

ovatd ; canali aperto, ad basin subrecurvo. Axis 9J lin.

Hab. Bay of Madalena, California. From seven fathoms, on a

sandy floor.

Mr. Bridges on the habits, &c. of some of the smaller species of

Chilian Rodents.

“« Mus longicaudatus, Bennett.—I found this mouse in the valley

of Quillota, fourteen leagues distant from Valparaiso, in the vicinity

of brooks and rivulets, amongst weeds and long grass, although from

its appearance I should imagine it seldom takes the water. In that

part of Chile it is not rare, but it cannot be considered a common

species. In the province of Colchagua I have found another species

approaching M. longicaudatus and more abundant, differing slightly

in the length of its tail, and in being somewhat less in size. At first

sight the two species are liable to be confounded. Probably this is

the same species mentioned in p. 40 of the ‘ Zool. of the Voyage of

the Beagle’ by Mr. Darwin as being so numerous in the province of

Concepcion.

‘« Mus longipilis—W aterh.., ‘ Voy. of the Beagle,’ —inhabits the pro-

vinces of Aconcagua, Valparaiso and Colchagua. Its favourite haunts

are the hedges made of bushes of Mimosa Cavenia and Trevoa tri-

nervis, also other shrubs used indiscriminately for that purpose. It is

necessary to explain that the hedges of the fields of Chile are renewed

every year by throwing on each side of them new layers of bushes,

and that they are frequently two or three yards across, forming thus

a mass of decomposing wood, which gives excellent shelter for the

numerous small Rodents inhabiting that country, which is so rich in

this interesting group. The Mus Jongipilis is without a native name

to distinguish it from the other species found in Chile. All the small

species belonging to different families are known and called by the

natives by the name of Llaucha, pronounced Yaw-cha, a term in

the language of the Auracarian Indians signifying a mouse, and this

name is current in the present day in the parts of the country occu-

pied by the descendants of the Spaniards. The general term applied

to the large species is ‘ Ratones.’ There is a species found near

the town of Quillota, fourteen leagues distant from Valparaiso, and

probably not yet known to naturalists, called ‘ Pericote.’ This

animal lives in common in the caves with Octodon Cumingii.

«* Myopotamus Coypus, Auct.,—Mus Coypus, Molina,—inhabits the

130

margins of rivers and lakes in the southern provinces of Chile, abound-

ing more in the lakes than in the rivers, where the Typha latifolia

and Scirpus species are plentiful to give them shelter. During the

time of copulation, which takes place in September and October, the

Coypo makes a mournful kind of cry, which somewhat resembles

that of a young child. I was once riding along the margins of one

of the streams which enters the river Teno in the province of Col-

chagna, and my attention was roused by a most melancholy sound,

which I fancied was from a child in the water, and to my surprise I

found it arose from a Coypo seated on a dead stump almost on a

level with the water. I could not help listening for a few minutes

at the smgular noise, till on a sudden, when the Coypo saw me, it

disappeared under water. The Coypo possesses a strong attach-

ment for its young, and swims with them on its back till they are

sufficiently large to follow the old ones in pursuit of their food. The

places where the Coypo most abounds in Chile are the borders of

the river Maypo near Santiago, the capital of the country, also in

the lakes of ‘Aculeo’ and Quintero. The natives, especially the

husbandmen, use the skin of this animal to make tobacco-pouches.

“ Octodon Cumingii, Bennett,—Sciurus Degus, Molina,—Dondro-

bius Degus, Meyen,—is the most common of all the Chile Rodents.

It is found in the hedges of the central provinces of Chile, and may

be seen during the day, but more generally in the afternoon. In

habits it is tame, and at first sight distinguished from all other spe-

cies from its activity and by its carrying the tail curved upwards like

the mountain Lagotis or Viscacha. This little animal hasa very ex-

tended range: I have seen it as far north as lat. 28°, and in south

35°, and it may probably extend further, but I do not remember seeing

it in the provinces of Chiloe or Valdivia. In the province Coquimbo,

where hedges do not abound, owing to the sterility of the country,

it inhabits rocky situations, living amongst the loose stones on the

slopes of mountains; and it is frequently found in the caves or bur-

rows of the Chinchilla. The natives employed in killing the ‘Chin-

chillas,’ which are not uncommon about Coquimbo and Huasco,

before they commence following the burrows, which they do with

crow-bars, examine the dung of the animals about the caves, and

from their practical knowledge they distinguish at once if the caves

are inhabited by the Chinchilla or the Octodon. Nevertheless, as

both animals often inhabit the same cave, they frequently after great

labour find it only occupied by the Octodon. From observations

which my long residence in Chile has given me, I am inclined to

believe that the Octodon Cumingii does not breed more than twice

during the year, viz. in spring and autumn, producing from four to six

young at a birth. ‘The favourite food of the Octodon is herbage near

the hedges: but in the winter months, when pressed by hunger, it feeds

on the tender bark of Mimosa Cavenia, also that of Cestrum Palqui.

“ Schizodon fuscus— Waterh. ‘Proc. Zool. Soc. for November 1841

—is found in the Valle de las Cuevas, on the eastern side of the

Andes, about six leagues from the slopes of the volcano of Peteroa, at

an elevation of from 5—7000 feet, in S. lat. 35°. Its favourite abode

131

is near the mountain streams in grassy situations. ‘There are cer-

tain places in the valley completely undermined by the workings of

this animal; and whilst we were riding over these districts, our

horses frequently plunged almost up to their knees in the burrows.

Whilst rambling in search of the beautiful alpine plants I could not

help feeling surprise at finding animals of this order in such a locality

as those elevated valleys, which are covered with snow at least four

months during the year. The question is, do they on the approach

of snow-storms migrate towards the verge of the Pampas, or make a

provision of dried grass and roots for the winter months? I should

give my opinion in favour of the latter, judging from their enormous

burrows. The Schizodon fuscus is nocturnal like Poephagomys ater :

those I procured were shot in the evening near the entrances of their

caves. I have seen them burrowing and throwing the sand out of

their caves during the day; but the moment they hear a noise their

labours cease and they retire deeper into their caves.

** Notice of the new animal allied to Octodon.—This animal is found

in the vicinity of the town of Curico, in the province of Colchagua ;

it inhabits the hedges made of dead bushes, and does not appear to

burrow, like many other species. The present species may be known

by the singular chirping or whistling noise which it makes. It forms

its nest in the decomposing bushes and sometimes on the surface of

the ground, of dried grass, and appears to live in small communities

of one or two families. ‘This animal appears to be more rare than

many other Rodents, as I have never been able to find it in any other

locality, except the one above mentioned.

** Poephagomys ater, F. Cuvier; Mus cyanus, Molina.—The Poe-

phagomys ater is undoubtedly the animal alluded to by Molina under

the name Mus cyanus; his long description of its habits agrees in

most respects with the habits of this little animal; but I have never

yet heard it called by the natives ‘ Guanque’: it is generally known

in Chile by the name of Cururo and Cuyeita; Guanque is the ver-

nacular name of a species of Dioscorea on which the ‘Cururo’ subsists.

Molina is perfectly correct in saying that it stores up a considerable

quantity of provisions, which consist of the Dioscorea, Conanthera,

Ornithogalum, Brodiea, and other bulbs and tubers which abound in

the country. ‘The poorer class of inhabitants being aware of its

habits, sound the caves or burrows, and rob them of their store,

which they eat. ‘The jaws of the Cururo are capable of extraordi-

nary expansion, and by this provision of nature it is enabled to carry

bulbs and tubers of a large size to its granary.

“The work of this little animal would surprise a person unac-

quainted with its habits; I have frequently seen a considerable sur-

face of ground completely undermined by its burrows. It generally

selects the slopes of hills and mountains, where bulbs are found,

especially in the interior parts of the country : its caves are carried

in a horizontal course, at the depth of eight or ten inches, or rather

about the depth in which they meet their food.

‘* This little animal may be considered nocturnal, seldom or ever

making its appearance during the day ; those which I procured were

132

obtained by waiting for them in the evening, and shooting them when

their head scarcely emerged from their caves.

“Whilst residing in the elevated valleys of the Andes, on the

eastern side, I observed on the dry slopes of the mountains the la-

bours of a Rodent (probably a species of Ctenomys or Poephagomys)

different from any I had previously met with; the chief difference

consisted in the mouth of the cave never being left open. Its mode of

burrowing is similar to Poephagomys ater, in being near the surface ;

but as I was unfortunately unprovided with traps, I could not obtain

one.

“ Lagotis pallipes, Bennett.—This is the mountain ‘ Viscacha’ ;

the specimen brought home by me, and now in the British Museum,

was taken on the east side of the Andes, at an elevation of 4000

to 5000 feet, between Villavicencia and Uspallata. The specimen

alluded to I found soon after sunrise near Uspallata, in a rocky val-

Jey; I saw four of these animals feeding on the scanty herbage, and

at first took them to be young foxes, but my men assured me to the

contrary. I gave my dog in charge of one of the men, so that I might

approach them; but, unfortunately, before I got within gunshot the

dog got loose. It was amusing to see these animals bound over the

rugged and rocky side of the mountain, swinging their beautiful

brushy tail and endeavouring to regain the caves in the rock.

«« There is a mountain ‘ Viscacha’ on the west side of the Andes,.

but not having seen it, I am unable to say if it be the Lagotis pallipes

or another species of the same genus. This animal avails itself of

caves in the rock or situations extremely rugged, where large stones

lie tumbled one on another, leaving spaces between them sufficiently

large to admit the body of the Lagotis.

«« Notice of a new species of Didelphys.—In looking over the beau-

tiful plates of the ‘ Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle,’ I find

three species of Didelphys figured, and I feel pleasure in stating that

I am acquainted with another species in Chile, inhabiting the pro-

vince of Colchagua. It is known to the natives by the name of

‘Llaca,’ pronounced ‘Yacu.’ In its appearance it resembles D.

elegans, but is larger in size and possesses an extraordinary fleshy

tail. In 1835, whilst some men were taking down a cottage on an

estate near Curico, two of those beautiful little animals were found

in the thatch; one was taken alive, and after having it several days

in my possession it by some means made its escape. It appears to

be rare, although, from its having a native name, it might be imagined

to the contrary; I frequently offered a reward to the natives to in-

duce them to obtain another specimen, but never was able to pro-

cure one.”

«Descriptions of four new species of Ortyz,” by Mr. Gould.

Ortyx teucopurys. Ort. facie et strigd latd superoculari ful-

vescenti-albis ; nuche laterumque colli plumis splendide castaneis

albo utrinque fimbriatis ; illis dorsi superioris castaneis, plumbeo

marginatis ; pectore cinereo, strigd rubide castaned per plumas

singulas excurrente, primariis saturate ferrugineis.

133

Face and a broad stripe over the eye buffy white ; ear-coverts and

crown of the head brown; feathers of the sides and back of the neck

rich chestnut, margined on each side with white; feathers of the

upper part of the back rich chestnut, margined with slate-grey ;

breast grey, with a stripe of reddish chestnut in the centre of each

feather ; back dark greyish brown, very minutely freckled with black ;

wings brown, freckled with buff and black ; primaries deep rust-red ;

tail dark brown, freckled with buff and black; irides clear brown ;

feet red; bill black.

Total length, 134 inches; bill, 8; wing, 73; tail, 6; tarsi, 23.

Hab. Coban, Central America.

In the collection of the Earl of Derby. Another specimen, in the

museum of the Jardin des Plantes, is somewhat larger and brighter

in colour than the one here described.

Ortyx rascratus, Natt. MS. O. cinereus, alis corporeque subtas,

fulvo, nigrescenti-fusco, et albo fasciatis.

Forehead reddish brown; crest deep brownish black, tipped with

reddish brown; chin greyish white; ear-coverts brown; sides and

back of the head light brown, minutely freckled with darker brown

and white; all the upper surface greyish brown, minutely freckled

with darker brown and white, the coverts and scapularies passing

into black towards the extremity of each feather, and crossed at the

tip with a narrow band of buff; tail similarly marked, but browner

than the upper surface and crossed by numerous freckled irregular

double bars of dark brown and greyish white ; primaries brown, with

lighter edges; all the under surface brownish black, each feather

crossed at the tip with a broad band of pure white, which, becoming

gradually wider on the centre of the abdomen, leaves that part white ;

on the breast the white marks are very faint, and the feathers are

tinged with rufous; thighs buff; under tail-coverts light buff, with

two blackish brown spots down the centre of each feather ; bill black ;

feet flesh-colour.

Total length, 84 inches; bill, 3; wing, 44; tail, 3; tarsi, 1}.

Hab. California.

In the collections of the Royal Museum at Brussels and of His

Highness the Prince Massena, to whose kindness I am indebted for

the loan of the specimen here described.

For this species, perhaps the most interesting of its family, I can-

not do better than retain the specific appellation proposed for it ina

letter lately received from him by my late much-valued and lamented

friend Mr. John Natterer of Vienna, whose talents as a naturalist

are too well known to require any eulogy from me.

Ortyx teucotis. O. facie, cristd, et plumis auricularibus albis,

fusco leviter tinctis, guld saturate castaned, colli utroque latere

strigd splendide castaned nigro punctatd, ornato ; corpore subtis

castaneo, albo distincté guttato, presertim apud pectus atque

latera.

Adult Male.—F ace, crest and ear-coverts white, slightly tinged

with buff; throat dark chestnut; stripe from over the eye down each

134

side of the neck chestnut, speckled with black ; stripe down the back

of the neck buff, speckled with black; sides and back of the neck

spotted black and white ; all the upper surface, wings and tail grey-

ish brown, very minutely freckled with dark brown and greyish

white; centre of the back blotched with black; inner webs of the

scapularies and secondaries dark brown, margined internally with

buff, forming a line in the direction of the body when the wing is

closed ; all the under surface chestnut, distinctly spotted with white,

the spots separated by black; under tail-coverts buff, with a black

mark down the centre of each; middle of the abdomen reddish chest-

nut; bill black; feet flesh-colour.

Young Male.—Crest and ear-coverts brown, head and throat stri-

ated with rufous and black; spots on the back stronger than in the

adult ; the colouring of the under surface similar, but much less rich,

and the centre of the abdomen deep buff.

Female.—Crest and ear-coverts brown; sides of the head and the

under surface pale buff, spotted and blotched with brown and black ;

centre of the abdomen wholly buff; all the upper surface pale brown,

crossed by numerous narrow freckled bars of white; tail crossed by

six or eight similar bars.

Total length, 83 inches; bill, 7°;; wing, 44; tail, 25; tarsi, 14.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

Orryx (OponTorHorvs) stropHium. O. vertice et plumis auricu-

laribus nigrescenti-fuscus ; facie sordide albd nigro punctatd ;

mento albo, guld saturate nigra, lunuld albd, ornatd.

Crown of the head and ear-coverts blackish brown; sides of the

face dull white, speckled with black ; chin white ; throat deep black,

crossed by a broad crescent-shaped mark of pure white ; all the upper

surface dark brown, freckled and marked with sandy buff; each of

the scapularies with a large patch of black near the tip of the inner

web, and a stripe of buff down the centre; all wing-coverts with a

spot of buff at the tip; primaries and spurious wing dark brown;

breast and under surface rich reddish chestnut, with a large spot of

white in the centre of each feather; vent and under tail-coverts deep

brown tinged with buff; bill black ; feet blackish brown.

Total length, 9 inches; bill, 1; wing, 543; tail, 2; tarsi, 2.

Hab. The southern countries of Mexico.

This is a most robust species, and distinguished from its congeners

by its larger bill, shorter tail, and large and powerful tarsi.

The Meeting was then adjourned to November 28, the Chairman

observing that as the Society was about to remove from Pall Mall to

Hanover Square, it would be necessary to pass over the Meeting

announced on the Society’s cards for November the 11th.

135

November 28, 1843.

William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

A letter from Charles M. Willich, Esq., was read, in which that

gentleman calls the attention of the Society to M. Gannal’s method

of preserving animal substances.

«From the observations made by M. Gannal, and reported to the

Académie des Sciences at a recent sitting, it appears that arsenic

does not permanently preserve animal substances, although it pre-

vents, for the moment, a putrid fermentation:

“He alludes to his former communication, explaining how the

salts of them act on the gelatin and preserve the animal matter from

putrid fermentation by the combination of the two substances. The

gelatin is thus rendered incapable of putrefaction ; but the other evil,

viz. the destruction by insects, is not avoided. For the latter object

he proposes the following preparation :—

“] kilogramme of sulphate of alum—l] kilog. = 2} Ibs. avoird. ;

“100 grammes of nux vomica in powder—100 grammes = 34

OZ. av. ;

« And 3 litres of water—3 litres = 54 imperial pints.

«« The above to be boiled down to 2 litres, and then allowed to

cool: the clear liquid is to be drawn off and serves for injection. The

residue is employed in the following manner. With four tablespoons-

ful of this residue mix the yolk of one egg; let this paste be prepared

as wanted. It is to be used for covering the interior of the skin, and

particularly the fleshy parts which may have been left in skinning

the animal. The yolk of egg serves to preserve the suppleness of

the skin, tanned by the salts of alum.

‘‘In order to preserve the feathers of birds he proposes three

modes :-—

“1, The employment of nux vomica in powder.

rated in 1 litre of alcohol.

«<3. An alcoholic solution of 2 grammes of strychnine in 1 litre

of alcohol.

_‘ Whatever mode may have been used for preserving the animal,

the ravages of insects may be instantly arrested by covering with a

soft brush the whole of the skin, either with the tincture or solution

above described, as may be found best adapted.

“‘If the feathers of birds are of Gelicate colour, the solution of

strychnine should be employed; and for those very delicate birds,

where soaking in either of the preparations is not possible, the nux

vomica must be used in powder, taking care to insert it well in the

napes of feathers. In all cases the inside of the skin may be rubbed

with the paste.

No. CXXIX.—-Procerpines or THE Zoot. Soc.

136

“In conclusion he states that from his experience he feels assured—

“That no arsenical preparation can insure the preservation of ani-

mal substances ;

“That they are destroyed by exposure to the air for a period ex-

ceeding three years ;

“That those substances enclosed in hermetically sealed cases are

destroyed even in one year;

“That the soluble salts of alum are quite effective in arresting

putrid fermentation ; and

““That the employment of the preparation of nux vomica, as de-

scribed, perfectly preserves animal substances from the attacks of

insects.”

The following papers were read :—

“Descriptions of new species of the genus Narica, discovered by

Hugh Cuming, Esq.,” by M. Récluz.

Genre Narica, Récluz.

Nerita species, Chemnitz ; Sigaretus species, Lamarck ; genre Va-

nicoro, Quoy et Gaimard olim; genre Narica, Récluz, in litteras ;

D’Orbigny (Alcide), Moll. Cuba; genre Merria, Gray in Beechey’s

Voyage.

Caractéres génériques.—Animal gastéropode, dioique, marin, glo-

buleux, @ peine spiral. Téte portant un mufle assez saillant, munie

de deux tentacules longs, renflés au milieu et subulés a l’extrémité,

ayant a leur base externe des yeur sessiles et fort petits. Pied petit,

parfaitement arrondé, séparé par un sillon profond d’un appendice

antérieur ou chaperon sous-buccal, alongé, concave et en maniére

de trompe; deux folioles membraneuses, assez larges, partent de

chaque cété du pied et remontent en pointe vers la téte. Cavité

respiratrice grande ainsi que la branchie dont les folioles sont en

partie libres.

Coquille semiglobuleuse, externe, souvent transparente et mince,

plus ou moins vitrée ou d’un blanc azuré, souvent aussi solide, opaque,

blanchatre et rarement rosée. Tours de spire striés, cételés ou treil-

lisés. Spire courte et couchée du cdété de l’ouverture. Ouverture

subarrondie, presque sémilunaire, un peu creusée en arc a la colu-

melle, 4 bords désunis. Ombilic ouvert, souvent évasé et spiral, sans

trace de funicule (funiculus cordon ombilical) et prolongé derriére

le bord interne (/abium) en une sorte de canal.

Opercule petit, mince, papyracé, cartilagineux, sans trace de spire

a son sommet et ne laissant méme pas appercevoir ses élémens,

fixé a la partie postérieure du pied et lui devenant perpendiculaire

quand cette portion de l’animal est rentrée. Sa surface est finement

rayonnée de stries.

Observations.—Ce genre comptait il y a peu de temps quelques

espéces anciennement décrites par les auteurs, pa Ares Nerita

cancellata, Chemnitz (Sigaretus cancellatus, Lamarck); 2°. Nerita

tuberosissima, Montagu (Narica tuberosissima, nobis) ; = Narita

glabrissima, Brown (Narica glaberrima, nob.). Depuis quelques

137

auteurs en ont fait connaitre d’autres, telles sont 4°. Velutina can-

cellata, Q. et G. (Narica Quoyi, nobis); 5°. Natica margaritacea,

Potier (Narica margaritacea, nobis); 6°. Velutina sigaretiformis,

Potier (Narica sigaretiformis, nobis). A ces espéces nous ajoute-

rons deux autres découvertes par M. Alc. D’Orbigny, décrites et

figurées par lui dans ses ‘ Mollusques de Cuba,’ savoir—7°. Narica

lamellosa; 8°. Narica sulcata (la Narica striata, D’Orb., est la méme

espéce que la Natica margaritacea, Potier, 1. c.); une, 9°, par M. Le

Guillou Sigaretus helicoides ; huit autres dues aux recherches habiles

de Mr. H. Cuming qui a enrichi la conchyliologie de coquilles nom-

breuses et précieuses dans tous les genres. Enfin quatre autres

sont le produit de nos découvertes, ce qui fait un total de vingt-

et-une espéces actuellement connues. C’est aux savans travaux

de MM. Quoy et Gaimard sur les Mollusques recueillis dans leur

voyage de circonnavigation sur la corvéte l’Astrolabe que nous de-

vons la connaissance de l’animal de ces coquilles, connaissance qui

a fait cesser toute discussion sur leur classement. En effet, les uns

voulaient avec Lamarck les admettre parmi les Sigarets, les autres

avec Mr. Sowerby les placer au nombre des Natices, tandis qu’elles

doivent étre séparées de ces deux genres et étre intercalées entre les

Coriocelles de M. De Blainville (Sigaretus, Cuvier et Gray, non

Lamarck ni Sowerby) et les Nérites, dans une famille particuliére, &

laquelle nous donnons le nom de Velutinides, Velutinide. Cette

famille comprendra les genres Narica, Velutina, Fossarus, et peut-étre

le genre Neritopsis, dont les rapports généraux sont si grands. Nous

donnerons dans un autre travail des considérations étendues sur

Yaffinité de ces genres entr’eux. Nous eussions accepté avec plaisir

le nom de Vanicoro imposé a ces coquilles par MM. Quoy et Gai-

mard, s’il n’était du nombre de ceux que la philosophie zoologique

rejette comme impropres ; de méme que celui de Merria, proposé par

Mr. Gray, s’il n’était postérieur a celui de Narica que nous avons fait

connaitre dans notre correspondance scientifique et publié dans une

livraison des ‘ Mollusques de Cuba’ de M. Alc. D’Orbigny, laquelle

a paru par livraison avant la vente du ‘ Beechey’s Voyage’ de Mr.

Gray. Ce nom de Narica a été employé autrefois par Théodore

Gaza et Scaliger comme synonyme de Nérita (voyez Aldrovanda,

De Testaceis, lib. ii.), et tire son €tymologie de Nar, mot primitif qui

désigne l’eau courante.

1: Narica crparis. Nar. testd orbiculato-ovatd, ventricosd, antic

dilatatd, superné depresso-pland, solidiusculd, lacted, plicis longi-

tudinalibus antice laxioribus, subregularibus, lineis elevatis trans-

versis equidistantibus reticulatd, scabriusculd ; spird prominuld,

semisphericd, apice retusd; aperturd subrotundd, patuld; labio

arcuato ; umbilico parvo, profundo ; canali oblongo, angusto et vir

arcuato. ‘

Hab. ‘From the island of Masbate, Philippines; found under

stones at low water.’ H. Cuming. ;

Dimensions.—Long. 16 mill.; larg. 19 mill.; convexité 13 mill.

Ouverture: long. 155 mill.; larg. 12 mill. Spire, hauteur 54. mill.

C’est une espéce fort élégante.

138

2. Narica tieata. Nar. testd ventricoso-ovatd, tenuiusculd, albd,

longitudinaliter superneque tenuiter plicatd, lineis transversis ele-

vatis intermediis minoribus ligatd ; spird prominenti, rotundatd,

radiatim plicatd, apice obtusiusculd ; aperturd subrotundd, pared ;

umbilico pervio, spirali, profundo, latiusculo ; canali brevi, largo ;

columelld subrectd, medio ad basim arcuatim rotundato.

Hab. *‘ From Catanuam, province of Tayabas, isle of Luzon ; found

under stones at low water.” H. Cuming.

Dimensions.—Long. 12 4 163 mill. ; larg. 19 & 20 mill.; convex.

10 a 133 mill. Ouverture: long. 11 4 13 mill.; larg. 82 & 102 mill.

Spire, hauteur 7 a 83 mill.

3. Narica Desnayesrana. Nar, testd ventricoso-globosd, tenui,

Sragili, subepidermide lutescente tenuissimd exalbidd sive albd, le-

viter ac creberrimeé transversim striatd ; anfractibus subsenis, su-

perne rotundatis, longitudinaliter arguté plicatis : plicis in ultimo

posticé validis, remotiusculis, anticam partem versiis evanescentibus ;

spird semirotundd, angusté plicatd, subacutd ; aperturd subsemi-

lunari ; umbilico magno, patulo ; canali semilunari ad sinistram et

interne carinato, extern? radiatim profundé ac eleganter plicato ;

columelld intus et ad basim sinuatd.

Var. B. Testd ventricoso-ovatd, subglobosd, plicis obsoletis ; infimo

anfractu angustiore.

Hab. “From St. Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines; found

under stones at low water: and var. (3 from Catanauan, province of

Tayabas, isle of Luzon ; found under stones at low water.” H. Cuming.

Dimensions.—Long. 15 417 mill. ; larg. 16419 mill.; convex. 124

13 mill. Ouverture: long. 12415 mill. ; larg. 8} 8104 mill. Spire,

hauteur 6 a 7 mill. i

La var. } a la forme de la Nar. ligata, mais en différe par ses

stries toujours trés fines, par ses plis nuls ou trés peu apparent

méme au coté postérieur, par sa columelle sinueuse 4 sa base, et par

les stries profondes qui entourent le pourtour de l’ombilic, comme

sur le type auquel nous la réunissons. C’est au digne successeur des

Bruguiére et des Lamarck, c’est 4 l’émule de Sowerby que nous dé-

dions cette belle espéce de Narice.

Opercule ovalaire, trés mince, presque papyracé, cartilagineux,

transparent, paillé, sans élémens spiraux au sommet, mais formant

un angle par la réunion en faisceau des stries longitudinales rap-

prochées, rayonnant du sommet 4 la circonférence ot elles se’ di-

rigent dans un seul légérement arqué. Des stries circulaires et obso-

létes, beaucoup plus pressés, croissent les longitudinales sans former

de treillis sensible a !a vue.

4. Narica Pretitrana. Nar. testd orbiculato-ovatd seu semiglobosa,

crassd, albidd, oblique et crebré plicatd, lineis elevatis transversis,

irregularibus, angustioribus et remotioribus reticulata ; anfractibus

depresso-rotundatis ; spird semisphericd, obtusaid, postic? incum-

bente ; radiatim plicatd ; aperturd subrotundd, dilatatd ; labio vie

arcuato, margine in senioribus extern? complanato, submedio vir

anguloso ; umbilico parvo ; canali angusto, elongato, parum arcuato

et angulo angusto cincto.

139

Hab. “ From the island of Masbate, Philippines; found under stones

at low water with Narica cidaris.”’ H.Cuming.

Var. 3. Testd tenuiore, plicis angustis regulariter dispositis, lineis

transversis equidistantibus clathratd, scabriusculd ; umbilico magno,

profundo, spiraliter contorto ; canali latiusculo, profundo, falciformi.

Dimensions.—Long. 20 & 243 mill. ; larg. 24 @ 273 mill. ; convex.

162 & 20 mill. Ouverture: long. 18 4 23 mill.; larg. 14 4 13 mill.

Spire, hauteur 95 @ 10} mill.

5. Narica Cuminerana. Nar. testd semiglobosd, ventricosd, te-

nuiusculd, exalbidd, transversim regulariter sulcatd, longitudina-

liter ac oblique lineatd, cancellatd, scabriusculd, ad sectiones gra-

nulatd ; spird prominuld, supra pland, latere carinatd, sulcis re-

ticulatd et punctis valde impressd ; apice posteriori, acuto ; aper-

turd dilatatd, semilunari ; umbilico profundo, coarctato, canali

semilunari-oblongo, extis annulo acuto cincto ; labio superné tenut,

inferne incrassato ; labro intis submarginato. -

Hab, “From Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines ; found in

coarse sand at ten fathoms.” H. Cuming.

Dimensions.—Long. 13 mill.; larg. 135 mill.; convex. 10 mill.

Ouverture: long. 11 mill.; larg. 8 mill. Spire, hauteur 5 mill.

C’est & V'infatigable voyageur, a l’auteur d’un grand nombre de

découvertes de coquilles intéressantes, que nous dédions cette belle

espéce de Narice, remarquable par sa spire sculptée de trous imitant

ceux d’un dé 4 coudre.

6. Narica puicata. Nar. testd ventricoso-ovatd, subglobosd, so-

lidd, albd, longitudinaliter grossé plicatd, lineis elevatis crebriori-

bus costas decussantibus circumeinctd ; anfractibus superné de-

presso-planiusculis ; spird prominuld, laterali, subacutd ; aperturd

subrotundd ; umbilico latiusculo, profundo, spirali ; canali semilu-

nari, crenulis profundis extis cincto; columelld arcuatd, basi et

anticé gibbosiusculd.

Hab. ‘‘ From the island of Ticao ; found under stones at low water.”

H. Cuming.

Dimensions. —Long. 17 mill. ; larg. 19 mill. ; convex. 14 mill. Ou-

verture : long. 13 mill.; larg. 10 mill. Spire, hauteur 7 mill.

Belle espéce voisine par sa forme de la Narica ligata, dont elledif-

fére par ses plis et son ouverture.

7. Narica Gueriniana. Nar. testd orbiculato-ovatd, depressd,

subconoided, subtis pland, crassd, albido-lutescente, oblique cos-

tatd ; costis rotundatis sulcis majoribus, interdum equalibus, lineis

transversis creberrimis eleganter cinctd ; spird semiglobosd, obtu-

siusculd ; aperturd semilunari, patuld ; umbilico profundo, extis

dilatato, in canalem latum, semisphericum, extis angulatum ex-

planato ; columelld rectd, supra lined tenuiter impressd instructd.

Hab. ‘ From the island of Capul, Philippines ; found under stones

at low water.” H. Cuming.

Dimensions. —Long. 9 4 123 mill. ; larg. 11415 mill.; convex. 7 4

9 mill. Ouverture: long. 9 & 11 mill.; larg. 6 4 8 mill. Spire, hau-

teur 53a 6 mill.

140

Nous fesons hommage du nom de cette belle Narice 4 M. Guérin-

Méneville, savant entomologiste Francais, auquel la conchyliologie

doit la connaissance de beaucoup de Mollusques nouveaux dont il

gratifie généreusment les disciples de cette science.

8. Narica pistans. Nar. testd parvd, orbiculato-conicd, tenuius-

culd, pellucida, albidd, costis longitudinalibus obliquis, angustis

acutis valde remotis, regulariter radiatd, interstitiis sub lente te-

nuissime et creberrime striatis; spird exsertiusculd, gradatd,

conico-acutd ; aperturd semirotundd ; umbilico dilatato, profundo ;

canali largo, semicirculari, intis striato, extis angulo acuto cir-

cumdato.

Hab. “ From Jacna, isle of Bohol, Philippines; found under stones

at low water.” H. Cuming.

Dimensions.—Long. 7 mill.; larg. 8 mill.; convex. 54 mill. Ou-

verture: long. 5 mill.; larg. 4 mill, Spire, hauteur 3 mill.

Les cétes de cette Narice ont un demi millimétre de hauteur.

9. Narica rosea. Nar. testd minimd, semiglobosd, rosed, tenui,

striato-cancellatd, regulariter granosd ; anfractibus tribus, superne

depresso-planiusculis ; spird prominuld, apice levi, mammillatd,

rubicunda ; aperturd semirotundd ; columella rectiusculd, albidd,

umbilico largo, extis in canalem latiusculum, semiorbicularem pro-

ducto ; labro intis striato.

Hab. Les Moluques (M. Hardouin-Michelin).

Dimensions.—Long. 3 mill.; larg. 3 mill.; convex. 2 mill. Ouver-

ture : long. 24, larg. 25. Spire, hauteur 13 mill. Cabinet de M. Ré-

cluz. Sa petitesse la rend trés rare.

10. Narica GranuLosa. Nar. testd parvd, semiglobosd, tenui,

subpellucidd, albd sive albido-lutescente ; anfractibus superné pla-

nulatis, fere gradatis, transversim regulariter striato-costatis ;

costis angustioribus oblique striatis ac cancellato-granosis ; spird

prominuld, semiglobosd, acuta; aperturd semirotundd, vitred ; co-

lumelld tenui vie arcuatd; umbilico profundo ; canali latiusculo,

semicirculari.

Var. (3. Testd albo-vitred, hyalind.

Hab. Les Moluques et la Nouvelle Hollande.

Dimensions.—Long. 7 mill. ; larg. 9 mill. ; convex. 6 mill. Ouver-

ture: long. 6 mill.; larg. 5 mill. Spire, hauteur 4 mill. Cabinet de

M. Récluz. Peu commune.

11. Narica Orpienyana. Nar, testd ovato-globosd, crassiusculd,

lacted, transversim cingulatd: cingulis 5-6 obtusis, majoribus,

lineis longitudinalibus decussantibus, cancellato-granosd; spird

planissimd, ad peripheriam tricarinatd : carinis obtusis, infimis ma-

Joribus ; apice valde laterali, acuto, hyalino, levissimo ; aperturd

ovato-rotundatd ; columelld basi crassiusculd et antice calloso-gibbd,

superne tenuissimad; umbilico minimo, subclauso ; canali lineari

subrecto.

Hab, La Nouvelle Hollande, sur les cétés de l’ile Maria; trés rare.

141

Cabinet de M. Récluz. Les caractéres la rendent trés distincte dés

Narica Cumingiana et N. sulcata (D’Orbigny).

Dimensions.—Long. 12 mill. ; larg. 124 mill. ; convex. 8 mill. Ou-

verture: long. 10 mill.; larg. 7 mill. Spire, hauteur 5} mill.

12. Narrca Buarnvintzana. Nar. testd ovato-globosd, antice

dilatatd, striis transversis inequalibus aratd, postice tenuiter pli-

catd: plicis antice obsoletis ; spird parvuld, semisphericd, regu-

lariter plicatd, laterali, apice fuscd ; aperturd subrotundd, lacted ;

columelld arcuatd, basi et intis subcompressd ; umbilico profundo,

angusto, in canalem semilunarem producto ; labro rotundato, intis

levissimé striato,

Hab. Les Moluques.

Dimensions.—Long. 10 mill. ; larg. 11 mill. ; convex. 84 mill. Ou-

verture : long. 9 mill.; larg. 7 mill. Spire, hauteur 4 mill. Cabinet

de M. Récluz.

Cette espéce a beaucoup de ressemblance avec le Narica cancellata,

nob. (Sigaretus cancellatus, Lamarck; Merria cancellata, Gray.)

Elle est toujours plus petite, moins mince et transparente, a spire

plus saillante, et & dernier tour nullement treillisé ni rude au toucher.

Elle est assez rare.

13. Narica Sigaretirormis. Nar. testd globoso-acutd, tenui, ex-

albidd, pellucidd, fragili ; anfractibus 5-6 transversim subtilissime

striatis ; spird prominenti, conico-acutd ; apice elongato, corneo-

fusco; aperturd semirotundd ; columelld tenuissimd, vir rectd ;

umbilico rotundato, dilatato, profundo, spirali, in canalem subsenis

oblongum producto.

Velutina Sigaretiformis, Potier, Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai, pl. 39.

f. 21, 22, male.

Hab. La Nouvelle Hollande, trés rare.

Dimensions.—Long. 7 mill. ; larg. 7 mill. ; convex. 54 mill. Owver-

ture: long. 5 mill.; larg. 3 mill. Spire, hauteur 23 mill.

M. Potier a donné de cette espéce une déscription trés vague et

incomplete qui ne permet pas de la reconnaitre; elle n’est pas

d’ailleurs dans les formes suivies dans les sciences. Les figures que

cet auteur a publiées ne montrent pas le nucleus alongé, cylindrique,

aigii, trés fin et d’un corné-brun qui caractérise cette Narice. Ces

diverses considérations m’ont porté 4 en donner une déscription plus

correcte. Cabinet de M. Récluz.

“Descriptions of new species of Delphinula, a genus of pectini-

branchiate Mollusks, collected for the most part by H. Cuming, Esq.

in the Philippine Islands,” by Mr. Lovell Reeve.

1. Detpuinuta Scararrorwes. Delph. testd globulosd, albd ; an-

fractibus rotundis, varicosis, varicibus elevatis, solidis, annulifor-

mibus ; interstitiis transverse striatis, striis elevatis ; intus marga-

ritaced.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl.3. fig. 11, a and b.

Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (under stones at low water) ;

Cuming.

142

The whorls of this species, which is not punctured like the Delphi-

nula Peronii, are encircled with solid rings about seven to the whorl,

after the manner of a Scalaria; the shell might indeed be mistaken

for one, were it not for its solidity and pearly interior.

2. Dexpninuta varicosa. Delph. testd angulato-globosd, albd,

foraminibus sparsim puncturatd ; anfractibus supern? angulatis,

Sortiter varicosis, varicibus multicarinatis et elevato-striatis ; intus

margaritaced.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 3. fig. 12, a and 6.

Hab. Island of Corregidor, Philippines (found in sandy mud) ; Cu-

ming.

This species differs from the Delphinula Peronii in having the spire

more prominent, and varices entirely across the whorls; they are also

more strongly and closely set ; the shell is moreover much more spa-

ringly punctured.

3. Detpuinuts pepressa. Delph. testd plano-rotundatd ; spird

valde depressd, foraminibus puncturatd ; albd ; anfractibus superne

angulatis, fortiter varicosis, varicibus ad angulum acuminato-

elevatis ; intus margaritaced.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 3. fig. 14, a and b.

Hab. Island of Camiguing, Philippines (under stones at low

water) ; Cuming.

No one can fail to recognize this species, by its depressed spire

and by the pointed elevation of the varices on the angle of the whorls.

4. Detrninuta piscomEA. Delph, testd discoided; spird plano-

depressd, liris longitudinalibus et transversis, interstitiis subtiliter

striatis, eximié clathratd; peripherid carinis duabus clathratis

prominentibus ornatd.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 4. fig. 15, a and 6.

Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in coarse

sand at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming.

The latticed sculpture of this shell very much resembles the cha-

racter of a figure in plate 31 of the ‘ Magasin de Zoologie’ for 1834,

under the appellation of Delphinula adamantina, Ducios. It differs,

however, essentially from that species in form, and I regret to say

the D. adamantina, according to the figure alluded to, is quite un-

known to me, though elaborately described by Deshayes in the ninth

volume of his edition of Lamarck’s ‘ Animaux sans vertébres.’

5. De.pninuna Evotuta. Delph. testd spiraliter discoided, partim

evolutd ; anfractibus subquadratis, marginibus corrugato-crenatis.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 4. fig. 16, a and b.

Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila (found in coarse sand at

the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

The loose manner in which this shell is rolled, giving it the ap-

pearance of a miniature hunter’s-horn, is not a casual deformity.

Several specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-

mentioned island.

6. DetpuinuLa MurRicata. Delph. testd turbinatd, pallidé aurantio-

143

fulvd, maculis coccineis vivide aspersd ; anfractibus carinis tribus

prominentibus muricato-squamulosis cinctd, supra et infra subtiliter

corrugato-striatis ; suturis peculiariter profundis.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 4. fig. 18, a, b and c.

Hab, East Indies; Humphreys MSS.

This is by no means a newly- discovered species, the specimens

here figured having been found in the old collection of the late Mr.

George Humphreys, with the name and locality above used attached

to them in his handwriting.

7. DeLpuinuta cLaTHRATA. Delph. testd subdiscoided, anfractibus

rotundatis, carinulis transversis et longitudinalibus equidistantibus

regulariter clathratis ; labro incrassato, marginato ; umbilico per-

amplo.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 21, a and 6.

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Bay of “Manila (found in coarse sand at

the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.

A small species, with a regular latticed surface.

8. Deteuinuta Cosrensis. Delph. testd turbinatd, minutd ; an-

fractibus convexis, carinulis transversis et longitudinalibus, equi-

distantibus regulariter clathratis ; umbilico mediocri; labro sim-

plict.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 22, a and b.

Hab. Port of Cobija, Peru (found under stones in rocky places at

low water) ; Cuming.

The sculpture of this shell, familiarly known to Mr. Cuming as his

** little Cobija species,” is exactly similar to that of the D. clathrata ;

it is however much less discoid in form, the whorls are not so round,

the umbilicus is smaller, and the lip is not marginated.

9. De.pHInuLa syDEREA. Delph. testd turbinatd, spird plano-

concavd, apice interdum rosaceo, anfractibus angulato-convezis,

tuberculis muricatis, in seriebus duabus aut pluribus radiatim stel-

latis ; labro incrassato, marginato.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 23, a and 6.

Hab. Island of Camiguing, Philippines (found under stones at low

water) ; Cuming.

The leading feature of this species, and which is especially promi-

nent in young specimens, is its peculiar star-like display of tubercles ;

the concave flatness of the spire is also remarkable.

10. Dexrarnuta crparis. Delph. testd subgloboso-turbinatd, soli-

da ; anfractibus transversim et longitudinaliter tuberculato-costatis,

costis longitudinalibus majoribus, prominentioribus ; anfractuum

parte inferiori foraminosd.

Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 27.

Hab. Calapan, island of Mindoro, Philippines (found in coarse

sand at the depth of ten fathoms). ‘This is the roundest and most

solid species of the genus.

Mr. Reeve also described a fine new species of Voluta, collected

144

off the coast of New Holland, north of Swan River Settlement, in

H.M.S. Beagle.

Voxrvra reticuLata. Vol. testd elongato-ovatd, levigatd, pallide

Sulvd, fusco vel spadiceo-fusco per totam superficiem subtilissime

trigono-reticulatd, reticuld bifasciatim confusd ; anfractibus flam-

mis brevibus spadiceis longitudinalibus, prominentibus, prope sutu-

ras ptf pictis ; aperture fauce spadiceo-fuscd. Long. 33 in.;

lat. IS.

Hab, Coast of New Holland, north of Swan River Settlement.

This beautiful new Volute somewhat resembles the Voluta pallida

in form, and is of nearly the same ground tint of colour ; here, how-

ever, the resemblance ceases, it being entirely covered with a fine

brown net-work, with two broad bands formed by a rich amalga-

mation of the net-work. The most striking feature of the shell is

in the upper part of the whorls being vividly ornamented with a

close-set row of undulating flames of rich brown running down from

the sutures, and the enamelled lining of the aperture is of the same

uniform rich brown. Of the two specimens just imported in H.M.S.

Beagle, one is in the collection of Thos. Norris, Esq., of Redvalves ;

the other in that of J. Dennison, Esq., of Woolton Hill. There is a

bad specimen of this Volute in the British Museum, and another in

the collection of William Metcalfe, Esq.

Prof. Owen then read the second and concluding part of his me-

moir on the Dinornis*.

The arrival of the second box of specimens of the bones collected

by the Rev. W. Williams in Poverty Bay, New Zealand, which had

been placed by Dr. Buckland in Mr. Owen’s hands, had enabled him

to confirm his former account of the generic characters and ordinal

affinities of the apparently extinct Dinornis, and also to distinguish

renains of five species of that genus.

The bones of the foot, and especially the tarso-metatarsal bone,

established three distinct species, the largest of which the author

proposed to call Dinornis giganteus; the next in point of size he

termed Din. struthoides, and the third Din. didiformis. The com-

mon generic characters of the tarso-metatarsi of these species were

first pointed out, and then their specific differences of proportion and

figure. The maturity of the different-sized bones indicating the

above species was demonstrated by reference to the long retention

of immature characters in the same bone of existing Struthionide,

and by the fact of a tarso-metatarsal bone of a half-grown Dinornis

giganteus manifesting the same incomplete coalescence of its primi-

tively distinct elements ; showing that the Dinornis, like the Ostrich,

had a tardy ossification of the skeleton, as compared with birds of

flight. The tibize were next described; one of these, belonging to a

mature bird, established a species smaller than the Din. didiformis,

and which, from its similarity of stature to the great Bustard (Otis

tarda), Prof. Owen proposed to call Dinornis otidiformis. The

* See Proceedings, January 1843,

145

largest tibia, belonging to the Din. giganteus, presented the extra-

ordinary dimensions of two feet eleven inches. The shaft of a

smaller tibia, about two feet long when entire, was referred to the

Din. struthoides, and there were four entire tibie of the Din. didi-

formis. In the series of femora, after the description of the generic

characters of the bone, the specimens were pointed out which be-

longed to the Dinornithes giganteus, struthoides, didiformis, and oti-

diformis, and two other entire femora were described and their di-

stinctive characters shown, which indicated, unequivocally in the

author’s opinion, a fifth species of Dinornis, of the size of the Emeu,

and which was, therefore, named Din. dromeoides.

Three pelves, more or less perfect, and portions of two others,

were described, and were referred to the Din. giganteus, dromeoides,

and didiformis. Three cervical and two dorsal vertebree also indi-

cated three distinct species of Dinornis, and all of them presented

the common character of unusual strength of the spinous and trans-

verse processes. Comparative dimensions of most of the bones ex-

hibited were given. No part of the skull, sternum, ribs or wing-

bones had been transmitted, but Prof. Owen proceeded to point out

the physiological grounds for concluding that the development of

the anterior extremities must have presented in the Dinornis an in-

termediate condition between that in the Emeu and that in the

Apteryx.

The author then gave his calculations, from the analogies of

existing Struthious birds, of the height of the different species of

Dinornis. The largest, Din. giganteus, according to the proportions

of the Ostrich, must have stood ten feet five inches, but according

to those of the Cassowary, nine feet five inches; its average stature

might be taken at ten feet. A diagram of the great extinct bird,

restored according to these proportions, was exhibited.

The Dinornis struthoides was seven feet high, which is the average

stature of the Struthio Camelus.

The length of the tibia and metatarsus of the Din. dromeoides not

yet being known, the height of five feet was assigned to it as a pro-

bable one; its femur corresponds in size with that of the Emeu,

whose average measurement in captivity is between five and six feet.

The height of the Din. didiformis was four feet; exceeding, there-

fore, the extinct Dodo (Didus ineptus), but evidently resembling it

in its stouter proportions and shorter metatarsus, as compared with

the other species of Dinornis.

Prof. Owen next proceeded to consider the evidences of tridactyle

birds afforded by the impressions in the New Red Sandstone of Con-

necticut, called ‘ Ornithichnites,’ and having pointed out the propor-

tions of the tarso-metatarsal bone in existing Struthious birds to

their foot-prints, indicated thereby the size of the same bone in dif-

ferent Ornithichnites, and reciprocally the sizes of the foot-prints of

the different Dinornithes, from those of their tarso-metatarsal bones.

The two phalanges of the Dinornis, which were described and

compared in this section of the memoir, afforded pretty clear indi-

cations of the form and proportions of the toes in the two species

146

(giganteus and didiformis) to which they were referred. ‘These data

showed that the trifid foot-print of the Dinornis giganteus must have

exceeded in size the Ornithichnites giganteus and O. ingens of Prof.

Hitchcock, and that the Din. didiformis must have left impressions

as large as those called Ornithichnites tuberosus. 'The author warned

his hearers against inferring identity of species or even genus between

the extinct Struthionide of the alluvium of New Zealand and those

of the trias of North America, on account of correspondence of size

and number of toes, which the modern genera Casuarius, Rhea, &c.

proved to be insufficient grounds. He concluded by a comparative

review of recent and extinct Struthionide, remarking on their peculiar

geographical distribution, on the conditions which favoured the for-

mer existence of so rich a development of the family in New Zealand,

and on the probable causes of their extermination. Evidence of the

recent character of the bones described was afforded by the great

proportion of animal matter which they retained, and the details of

the analysis of the earthy salts were promised for a future Meeting.

147

December 12, 18438.

William Yarrell, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.

A paper from Dr. J. B. Thompson was read, ‘‘On some forms of

malignant disease in the Inferior Animals, with remarks on the ad-

vantage of Comparative Pathology generally.”

Mr. Gould laid before the Meeting an extensive series of Tou-

cans, and called attention to two species which had not hitherto

been characterized, viz. :—

RaMPHASTOS CITREOLEMUS. Ramp. rostro nigro, vittd latd basali,

et culmine olivaceo-viridibus, héc colore gradatim cum flavido apud

apicem mandibule utriusque se commiscente ; ptilose nigra ; guld

alba; pectore sulphureo, vittd splendid coccined cincto ; tectrici-

bus caude superioribus sulphureis.

Bill black, with a very broad basal band, and the culmen of an

olive-green, passing into pale yellow on the points of both mandibles,

and deepening into orange at the gape; the ridge round the base of

the bill black; crown of the head, back of the neck, all the upper

surface, wings, tail, breast, abdomen and thighs deep black; throat

white; chest sulphur-yellow, bounded below by a band of rich deep

scarlet; upper tail-coverts sulphur-yellow; under tail-coverts rich

deep scarlet.

Total length, 21 inches; bill, 55; wing, 8}; tail, 7}; tarsi, 13.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

In the collection of Prince Massena at Paris, and in my own.

PreRoGLossus PacILosTERNUS. Pt. culmine rostri, strigd angustd

ad basim mandibule superioris ; sic et mandibuld inferiore totd

nigerrimis ; mandibulis utrisque ad basim lined prominente angusta

aurantiacd circumdatis ; mandibule superioris lateribus belle au-

rantiacis ; capite et guld splendidé nigerrimis; dorso, alis cau-

ddque saturate viridi-olivaceis ; corpore inferiore sulphureo, vittd

pectorali nigrd, alterd sanguined.

Culmen, a narrow band down the base of the upper mandible and

the whole of the under mandible deep black; narrow elevated ridge

surrounding the base of both mandibles orange; sides of the upper

mandible beautiful orange, fading into white towards the tip, which

is stained with red; head and throat deep glossy black; back, wings

and tail dark olive-green; rump and upper tail-coverts rich deep

blood-red ; all the under surface sulphur-yellow, crossed on the chest

~by an irregular band of black, and on the breast by another of deep

blood-red ; the interspaces stained with scarlet ; thighs chestnut, each

feather slightly fringed with sulphur-yellow.

No. CXXX.—Procrepines or tHE Zoou. Soc.

148

Total length, 18 inches; bill, 44; wing, 6; tail, 74; tarsi, 13.

Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota.

In the collection of Prince Massena at Paris.

Professor Owen read a communication on the Rudimental Mar-

supial Bones in the Thylacinus :—

The marsupial bones, as bones, do not exist in the Dog-headed

Opossum or Hyzena of the Tasmanian colonists (Thylacinus Harrisii,

Temm.); they are represented by two small, oblong, flattened fibro-

cartilages, imbedded in the internal pillars of the abdominal rings,

and appear each as a thickened part of the tendon of the external

oblique abdominal muscle, which forms the above pillar. The length

of the marsupial fibro-cartilage is six lines, its breadth from three

to four lines, its thickness one line and a half.

This was the condition of the rudimental marsupial bones in two

full-grown females and one male specimen of the Thylacinus: ina

fourth large and old male a few particles of the bone-salts were de-

posited in the centre of the fibro-cartilage, occasioning a gritty feel-

ing when cut across by the knife.

This unexpected and very remarkable modification of the most

characteristic part of the skeleton of the Marsupialia, in one of the

largest of that order, has many important bearings upon the physio-

logy of the problematical ‘ ossa marsupialia.” They have been most

commonly supposed to serve for the support of the marsupial pouch

and young ; but this pouch is well developed in the female Thylacine,

and in one of the specimens which I dissected four well-developed

teats, each two inches long, indicated that it had contained four

young ones when, or shortly before, it was killed. The existence

of the marsupial bones in the male as well as the female sex in other

marsupial animals had already invalidated the above physiological

explanation, and it equally opposes the idea of the use of the mar-

supial bones, propounded by M. de Blainville,—that they aid in the

compression required to expel the embryo. Besides, it is not in the

females of those animals which give birth to the smallest young that

we should expect to find auxiliary bones for increasing the power of

the muscles concerned in parturition. My view of the uses of the

marsupial bones, as explained in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions’ for

1834, is, that they relate more immediately to an increase of power

in the muscles (cremasteres) which wind round them, than of those

implanted in them: and to the extent to which the cartilaginous

representatives of the ossa marsupialia in the Thylacine strengthen

the pillars of the abdominal ring, they must increase the contractile

force of the compressors of the mammary glands and teats, which

are situated and surrounded by the cremasteres in the Thylacine, as

in other Marsupialia. Nevertheless, the almost obsolete condition of

the ossa marsupialia in the Thylacine, and their very various relative

sizes in other Marsupialia, are circumstances which seem incompa-

tible with the same kind and degree of use in all the species: they

are very slender, and not above half an inch in length m the Myr-

mecobius, whilst in the Koala they nearly equal the iliac bones in size.

149

The so-called ‘ pyramidales’ muscles, which derive a great proportion

of their origin from the ossa marsupialia, bear a direct ratio to

those bones in size; and an attentive observation of the habits and

modes of locomotion of the different marsupial species is still want-

ing for a complete elucidation of the function of the marsupial bones.

It is important to the paleontologist that the cartilaginous condition

of the marsupial bones in the Thylacine should be borne in mind in

regard to the evidences of the marsupial order that may be yielded

by fossil remains: the fossil pelvis of the Thylacine, for example,

had that species been long ago, as it soon is likely to be, extinct,

would never have afforded the triumphant evidence to which Cuvier

appealed in demonstration of the Didelphys of the gypsum quarries

at Montmartre; yet the Thylacine would not therefore have been

less essentially a marsupial animal. This may teach us to pause

before drawing a conclusion against the marsupial character of the

small Stonesfield mammalia, if their pelves should ever be found

without trace of the ossa marsupialia.

“Descriptions of new Shells, collected during the voyage of the

Sulphur, and in Mr. Cuming’s late visit to the Philippines,” by Mr.

Hinds.

Abstract of the accompanying descriptions of shells :—

The number of well-authenticated species of Terebra hitherto on

record is about sixty. In the present paper exactly fifty more are

added, all of which are presumed to have been hitherto unrecorded.

Of this number sixteen are from the Indian seas, six are from the

African seas, twelve are from the American seas, and five are from

the Pacific ; and the whole, without exception, from within the Tro-

pics. The localities of eleven are unknown.

They most usually occur under a small incumbent pressure, gene-

rally at a depth of from five to eighteen fathoms. Some are found

about low water, and with much constancy they affect situations

where the floor of the ocean is composed of sandy mud.

Teresra, Bruguiere.

Terepra rosusta. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, solidd, ponderosd,

albidd, flammeis longitudinalibus interrupt? pictd ; anfractibus infe-

rioribus rotundatis, indivisis, levigatis, superioribus versis extre-

mitatem spire subplanulatis, unocinguliferis, longitrorsum plicatis ;

anfractu ultimo rotundato triseriatim picto, ad basin coarctato ;

aperturd elongatd ; columelld arcuatd, subcallosd ; epidermide luteo-

Juscd ; operculo parvo, crasso. Axis 57 lin.

Hab. West coast of America, between 8° 57! and 21° 32! north

latitude ; namely at Panama, Gulf of Nicoya, Gulf of Papagayo, and

San Blas: in from four to eighteen fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Belcher and Cuming.

TEREBRA succINEA. Ter. testd subulatd, acuminatd, succined, le-

vigatd ; anfractibus planulatis, lined impressd divisis, longitrorsum

150

plicis obsoletis vel lineis arcuatis incrementi minutis, transversim

infra lineam impressam, leviter striatis ; ared subconcavi, punctis

parvis fuscis distantibus biseriatim cinctd, versus margines tuber-

culato-incrassatd. Axis 54 lin.

Hab.

Cab. Cuming.

Two specimens of this elegant species are in the above collection,

without any history attached to them; they have evidently been

highly cleaned, but retain the appearance of having been once covered

by an epidermis.

TrrEpra consors. Ter. testd gradatim subulatd, levigatd, politd,

albiddé, flammeis pallidis fuscis ornatd ; anfractibus subplanulatis,

superné lined impressd divisis, ared superiore spire leviter tuber-

culatd ; anfractu ultimo prope basin fasciato; apertura inferne

subeffusd ; columelld breviusculd. Axis 31 lin.

Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Cab. Cuming.

Its nearest ally is T. dimidiata, than which it is far more gradually

subulate ; the upper area of the divided whorl is raised and somewhat

rounded ; the white is the base colour of the shell, and the last whorl

is distinctly banded.

TEREBRA spEcTABILIS. Ter. testd subulatd, levigatd, politd ; an-

Fractibus superné sulco impresso divisis, infra longitrorsum pli-

catis, interstitiis levigatis, medio saturate castaneis, inferne albis ;

cingulo tuberculato, albido ; anfractu ultimo fasciato ; columellé

elongatd. Axis 134 lin.

Hab. Guinea, on the cies Humphrey. Sumatra, on the sands :

Ellis.

Cab. Cuming.

TeEREBRA BicincTA. Ter. testd subulatd, levigatd, nitidd ; anfracti-

bus rotundatis, indivisis, longitrorsum plicatis, superné ared coarc-

tatd, transversim biseriatim super plicas minute tuberculatis ; plicis

tenuibus, acutis, interstitiis levigatis ; anfractu ultimo concolore.

Axis tae lin.

Hab.

Cab. ee Unique.

Remarkably and very distinctly iaemnaesrieea by the two rows of

small tubercles which encircle the whorls. The shell is otherwise

of an uniform white glassy colour, which might be attributable to its

condition.

TerEsrRA FATUA. Ter. testdé turrito-subulatd, albidd, levigatd, po-

lita ; anfractibus subplanulatis, superioribus lined impressd cinctis,

maculis fuscis pallidis distantibus biseriatim ornatis ; spird obso-

leté plicatd ; anfractu ultimo elongato, maculis exceptis, unicolore.

Axis 34 lin.

Hab. St. Christopher, West Indies ; on the sand: Mr. Miller, 1799.

Cab. Cuming.

151

TEREBRA NIMBOSA. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, acuminata,

lacted, strigis longitudinalibus nubeculatd ; anfractibus planulatis,

levigatis, politis, integris, inferne prope suturam alba, anguste

fasciatd, ultimo fasciato ; columella levi, truncatd. Axis 25 lin.

Hab. i

Cab, Cuming.

Teresra coputa. Ter. testd elongate turrito-subulatd, acuminata,

levigatd, nitidd, saturate castaned ; anfractibus subrotundatis,

superne cingulo tuberculato. cinctis, infra plico-costatis ; cingulo

atro-castaneo fasciato, rard intervallis tantim maculato, inter-

stitiis levigatis ; anfractu ultimo parvo, rotundato, prope basin

duabus fasciis albis angustis ornato. Axis 17 lin.

Hab. Guinea, on the sands: Humphrey.

Cab. Cuming.

TEREBRA ALVEOLATA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, attenuate acumi-

natd, nitidd, fuscd; anfractibus subplanulatis, superne cingulo

tuberculato cinctis, infra plico-costatis, interstitiis striatis ; cin-

gulo et anfractu ultimo albo fasciato, maculis quadratis rufis ar-

ticulato. Axis 16 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca; in seventeen fathoms, among mud.

Cab. Belcher.

The description is drawn up from a somewhat young specimen,

and the mouth and last whorl have not yet attained their full deve-

lopment. ‘The character of the shell is however very conspicuous.

In this genus the last whorl will be found very frequently to offer

decided features, and becomes a valuable aid in the diagnosis.

TEREBRA PULCHRA. Ter. testd turritd, conico-subulatd, acuminatd,

nitidd, pallidd ; anfractibus subplanulatis, longitrorsum recte plico-

costatis, superné lined impressd cinctis, interstitiis levigatis ; an-

fractu ultimo pallide lineato. Axis 11 lin.

Hab. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

Perhaps more nearly resembling 7’. plicata than any other species,

from which, with a little care, the description will suffice to distin-

guish it. The specimens were collected at the Marquesas group of

islands, which scarcely offer any particular novelty in any depart-

ment of natural history; and the greatest exception will be found

among Terebra, of which it has a few peculiar species, and also some

interesting varieties of other well-known kinds. Indeed, though the

group is by no means the metropolis of the genus, the species would

seem to exist here under some peculiar circumstances.

TrrEBRA coLumELLaRis. Ter. testd elongatd, subcylindraced, tur-

- rito-subulatd, aurantiacd albo nebulosd ; anfractibus subrotundatis,

longitrorsum undate plico-costatis, superné lined impressd cinctis ;

interstitiis rufis, striatis ; anfractu ultimo breviusculo, rotundato,

albo fasciato. Axis 19 lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Cuming.

152

Remarkable from its great similarity to T. undulata, which is itself

a peculiar species. The grounds of distinction are its decidedly

cylindrical shape, different distribution of the colour, and its short,

abrupt, rounded and banded last whorl.

Teresra nitipa. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, acuminatd, pallide

plumbed, polita ; anfractibus subplanulatis, recté plico-costatis, su-

perne interstitiis lined punctatd cinctis, ultimo parvo subattenuato,

unicolore, plicis evanidis ; labio interno producto ; labro anticé sub-

sinuoso. Axis 10 lin.

Hab. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Belcher.

An excellent diagnostic character exists in this species, im the cir-

cumstance that the girdling line which traverses the upper part of

each whorl does not cross the ribs, but is confined to the interstices.

TrerEeBRA varicosa. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, acumi-

natd, nitidd ; anfractibus subplanulatis, plico-costatis, superneé cin-

gulo tuberculato contractato cinctis ; costis subdistantibus albidis,

interstitiis striatis fuscis ; anfractu ultimo breviusculo, rotundato,

albo fasciato ; columelld contortd. Axis 11 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, west coast of ace America ; in twenty-

three fathoms, mud.

Cab. Belcher.

TEREBRA LAURINA. Ter. testd elongate subulatd, acuminata, levi-

gatd, polita, olivaced ; anfractibus planulatis, plicis tenuibus sinu-

osis, capillaribus, infra evanidis, superne lined impressa obsoletd

cinctis, ultimo unicolore, levigato; aperturd fuscd ; columella

levi, subtruncatd. Axis 32 lin.

Hab. Western Africa; in sandy mud: Rey. W. V. Hennah.

Cab. Cuming.

The impressed line is always faint, and sometimes not at all visible.

The specimens are nearly of an uniform colour, but a band of some-

what deeper colour traverses the upper portion of each whorl.

TEREBRA STYLATA. Ter. testd subulatd, acuminatd, politd, olivaceda ;

anfractibus subplanulatis, integris, numerose plicatis, infra evani-

dis, prope suturam albidis maculis fuscis interrupte fasciatis, ulti-

mo levigato, inferne albo anguste fasciato ; aperturd fuscd ; colu-

melld levi, subtruncatd. “Axis 21 lin.

Hab. Japan ; Philippine Islands.

Cab, Cuming.

TEREBRA TUBEROSA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, saturate fulvd,

nitida ; anfractibus rotundatis, longitrorsum costatis, superneé cin-

gulo numerose tuberculato ; costis brevibus ; nodulosis striis decus-

santibus ; columelld contortd. Axis 11 lin.

Hab. Ticao, Philippines.

Cab. Cuming. Unique.

In this characteristic species the girdle consists of a number of

small tubercles, superior in number to the vertical ribs.

1538

TreREBRA CONSPERSA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, nitidd, albd;

anfractibus subrotundatis, plico-costatis, superne lined impressd,

precipue interstitiali, cinctis, prope suturam punctis rufis rard

conspersis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo ad basin fulvo.

Axis 10 lin.

Hab. Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines; eight fathoms,

sandy mud.

Cab. Cuming.

A pretty little species, only known to me through the two speci-

mens in the above collection ; and it will readily be distinguished by

its sparsely scattered rufous spots and orange base.

Teresra tineguauis. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, albidd, flammeis

atro-fuscis longitudinalibus ornatd ; anfractibus planulatis, duabus

lineis impressis divisis, infra suturam tuberculatis ; ared inferiore

levigatd; anfractu ultimo subrotundato, levigato, fasciato ; apertura

quadratd ; columella contortd. Axis 30 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Bay of Montejo, west coast of America ;

ten to seventeen fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Belcher and Cuming.

The whorls, particularly those of the spire, are divided into three

spaces by two girdling lines; the lower area is smooth, but the two

others, particularly the most superior, is tubercled. It is a handsome

species, from the deep reddish-brown flames with which it is covered.

Trerepra ticata, Ter. testd elongate subulatd, acuminata ; anfrac-

tibus planulatis, transversim striatis, cingulis duobus tuberculatis,

‘cingulo superiore et ared inferiore maculis quadratis fuscis trans~

versis ornatd, cingulo inferiore minore albidd concolore ; anfractu

ultimo parvo, biseriatim maculato. Axis 154 lin.

Hab. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Belcher.

TrresRA FuNIcuLATA. Ter. testd elongate subulatd, nitidd, fulvd ;

anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, superne cingulo levi lined im-

pressd diviso, infra cingulo minore, ared inferiore transversim

striata ; anfractu ultimo brevi, medio sulco unico ; aperturd parva,

concolore ; labio interno subcalloso, producto. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. Fr;

Cab. Belcher and Cuming.

TreREBRA FENESTRATA. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, pallide

fulva ; anfractibus planulatis, superne cingulo nodulifero, infra se-

cundo minore, inferne cancellatis ; apice subpapillari ; anfractu

ultimo quadrato ad basin abrupt? contractato ; aperturd parvd ;

labio interno subcalloso, producto. Axis 15 lin.

Hab. San Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines; sandy mud at

low water.

Cab. Cuming.

TEREBRA EBURNEA. Ter. testdobeso-subulatd, albd; anfractibus

levigatis, nitidis, superne lined impressd, inferne uni- vel biseriatim

154

lineis punctatis cinctis ; anfractu ultimo quinis seriebus linearum

punctarum ; apertura elongata ; columella levi, breviusculd, Axis

ey L6 ‘lin.

Hab. Seychelles.

Cab. Belcher. Unique.

TEREBRA AMANDA. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, nitidd ;

anfractibus planulatis, superne cingulo tuberculato margaritaceo

cinctis, infra secundo minore concolore, inferne aurantiacis bise-

riatim punctato-lineatis, ultimo brevi; columelld contortd. Axis

11 lin.

Hab. Straits of Macassar ; in eleven fathoms, coarse sand.

Cab. Belcher.

An uncommonly pretty shell, offering an elegant contrast between

the row of pearly tubercles and the general orange colour.

TEREBRA vioLascens. Ter, testa turritd, cylindraceo-subulatd,

violaced ; anfractibus rotundatis, longitrorsum oblique plico-costa-

tis, superne lined impressd obsolete cinctis ; costis subconfertis,

interstittis crebre striatis ; aperturd parva, elongata ; labio interno

producto. Axis 15 lin.

Hab. New Guinea; in seven fathoms, mud. San Nicholas, Zebu,

and Mindanao, Philippines; in twenty to thirty fathoms.

Cab. Belcher and Cuming.

The Philippine specimens are of a different colour, and disposed

to be banded, but they have the appearance of dead shells. The

species is very like an American fossil from Alabama, T. venusta, Lea.

TEREBRA ARMILLATA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, acuminatd, fuscd ;

_ anfractibus planulatis, longitrorsum subdistanter plico-costatis,

transversim lineis definitis impressis, superné cingulo noduloso,

atate valde notabili; anfractu ultimo subquadrato, ad basin albo

JSasciato ; aperturd atro-fuscd ; columelld contortd. Axis 22 lin.

Hab. Abundant in various localities on the west coast of America

between Panama and the Bay of Magdalena in Lower California,

in from five to thirteen fathoms; also at the Galapagos, in ten fa-

thoms: chiefly in sandy situations. It was also found imbedded in

the fossiliferous cliffs which surround a portion of the Bay of Mag-

dalena.

Cab. Belcher and Cuming.

TEREBRA ASPERA. Ter. testd turrito-subula d, acuminatd, pallidd,

aurantiacd vel fuscd ; anfractibus subrotundatis, longitrorsum sub-

conferté plico-costatis, nodulosis liris transversis decussantibus,

superné cingulo plico-nodulifero sparsim fusco maculato ; anfractu

ultimo rotundato, ad basin albo fasciato ; apertura colorem teste

simulante ; columellé plicatd. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. Panama, Monte Christi, St. Elena, west coast of America;

in from six to ten fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Cuming.

TEREBRA TUBERCULOSA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, acuminatd,

155

olivaced ; anfractibus planulatis, levigatis, politis, superne cingulo

tuberculato, area inferiore triseriatim tuberculato, seriebus duabus

superioribus frequenter subevanidis ; anfractu ultimo subquadrato,

unicolore, multiseriatim tuberculato ; columelld contortad. Axis

24 lin.

Hab. Panama, Gulf of Papagayo, and San Blas; in from four to

eleven fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

TEREBRA SPECILLATA. Ter. testd gracilé turrito-subulatd, valde

acuminata, alba, rufo sparsim maculatd et nebulosd ; anfractibus

subplanulatis longitrorsum subdistanter tenué plico-costatis, trans-

versim leviter striatis, superne cingulo tuberculato, interstitiis

tuberculorum precipue pictis ; anfractu ultimo fasciato ; aperturd

parvd ; columella subrectd. Axis 20 lin.

Hab. San Blas; from seven fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Belcher.

TEREBRA INTERTINCTA. Ter. testa turrito-subulatd, pallidd vel

cerulescente ; anfractibus planulatis, politis, duabus vel tribus

lineis transversis, superne cingulo tuberculato, inferne obsolete

tuberculo-plicatis, interstitiis tuberculorum fusco maculatis ; an-

Fractu ultimo subrotundato, uniseriatim tuberculato, interstitiis

nebulosis ; aperturd ovali. Axis 20 lin.

Hab. Gambia; among sandy mud.

Cab. Cuming and Saul.

TEREBRA RADULA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, fulvd, nitidd; an-

Sractibus rotundatis, plicis tuberculatis longitudinalibus et trans-

versis cancellatis, prope suturam serie tuberculorum majusculorum ;

anfractu ultimo ad basin albo angusté fasciato ; aperturd oblonga,

concolore. Axis 19 lin.

Hab. Puerto Portrero, west coast of America; in thirteen fathoms,

coral sand.

Cab. Cuming. A single specimen.

TEREBRA BIFRONS. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, levigatd, fuscéd ;

anfractibus rotundatis, inferioribus multiseriatim tuberculatis, su-

perioribus longitrorsum biseriatim tuberculo-plicatis ; tuberculis

parvis approximatis, interstitiis levibus ; aperturd oblonga ; colu-

mella rectiusculd, subtruncatd. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. Japan; sandy mud: Dr. Siebold.

Cab. Cuming. Unique.

TeReBRA GLAuca. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, acuminatd, glauces-

cente ; anfractibus rotundatis, eleganter cancellatis, prope sutu-

ram cingulo albido tuberculato ; anfractu ultimo elongato, pallidz

fasciato ; aperturd ovali ; columella contortéd. Axis 14 lin.

Hab.

Cab. Cuming. Unique.

TEREBRA LARVEFORMIS. Ter. testd subcylindraced, turrito-subulatd,

156

Suscd, nitidd ; anfractibus brevibus rotundatis, longitrorsum plico-

costatis, superné lined impressd contractatis ; costis rotundatis vel

varicosis, interstitiis leviter striatis ; anfractu ultimo breviusculo,

pallide fasciato ; apertura pallidd. Axis 23 lin.

Hab. St. Elena, Monte Christi, west coast of America; in from

six to fifteen fathoms, sandy mud.

Cab. Cuming.

I have examined a number af specimens of this shell, all of which

I refer to this species, and find them vary much in the general and

relative proportion of their outline and width of whorls.

TEREBRA ELATA, Ter. testd subcylindraced, elongate turrito-subulatd,

pallide fulvad; anfractibus feré planulatis, longitrorsum plicatis,

superné lined impressa cinctis ; plicis approximatis, interstitiis

striatis, anfractu ultimo ad basin et prope suturam fusco ; aper-

turd elongatd. Axis 12 lin.

Had. Bay of Montijo, west coast of America; in fifteen fathoms,

coarse sand.

Cab. Cuming.

TEREBRA TEXTILIS. Ter. testa turrito-subulaid, pallide luted ; an-

Sractibus fere planulatis, longitrorsum plicatis, superne linea punc-

tato-impressd cinctis, serie tuberculorum deinde excisd albida ; pli-

cis approximatis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo parvo, uni-

colore ; columella plicatd, labio interno producto. Axis 114 lin.

Hab. Sorsogon, Bay of Manila, Philippines; Straits of Macassar ;

in from six to thirteen fathoms, sand and coarse gravel.

Cab. Cuming and Belcher.

This Asiatic species very closely resembles the American just de-

scribed, and furnishes another of those instances of affinity, whilst

still retaining unquestionable distinctness, which occur so frequently

in the shells of the tropics of the two hemispheres ; and thus whilst

both are enriched by similar forms, these present themselves under

slight but constant differences.

Teresra picta. Ter. testd subcylindraced, turrito-subulatd, nitidd,

pallidé aurantiacd, atro-fusco longitrorsum maculata vel nebulosé ;

anfractibus rotundatis, superne cingulo tuberculato, infra plico-

costatis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo fasciato ; aperturd

parvd, atro-fuscd ; columelld subrectéd. Axis 15 lin.

Hab. San Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines.

Cab. Cuming.

Trresra casta. Ter. testé turrito-subulatd, albescente, levigatd,

politd ; anfractibus integris, planulatis, superne plicatis et lacteo

fasciatis, infra levigatis, strigis longitudinalibus pallide fuscis

nebulosis ; anfractu ultimo subelongato, lacteo fasciato ; columella

brevi, subrectd. Axis 13 lin.

Hab. Tlo-ilo, island of Panay, Philippines, at low water.

Cab. Cuming.

TrREBRA INconsTANS. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, acuminatd, lividd

157

vel pallidd, polité ; anfractibus integris, subrotundatis, longitror-

sum plicatis, interstitiis levigatis ; infra suturam et ad basin an-

fractis ultimi pallide fasciata ; apertura effusd; columelld trun-

catd, subcallosd. Axis 16 lin.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Cab. Cuming.

This species has much of the general character of 7. anomala, but

the whorls are constantly entire, and the shells are more acuminate

and obese.

TEREBRA PENICILLATA. Ter. testd turritd, obeso-subulatd, levigatd,

politd, albd lineis undatis rufis longitrorsum dispositis ; anfracti-

bus integris, ultimo elongato, efasciato; spird obsolete plicatd;

aperturd elongatd ; columelld levi. Axis 17 lin.

Hab. Seychelles.

Cab. Belcher and Cuming.

TrreBra venosa. Ter. testd subcylindraceo-subulatd, levigatd,

politd; anfractibus integris, subplanulatis, superne albo, infra

purpureo cinctis, strigis rufis longitudinalibus flexuosis ; spird pli-

catd, anfractu ultimo subrotundato, rariis transversim Sasciato vel

lineato ; aperturd elongata, albd. Axis 16 lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Cuming.

The only species in this now extensive genus where the fasciation

of the last whorl is not to be relied on as a character.

These two species have been united by M. Kiener with T. lan-

ceata, but I cannot help regarding them as most unquestionably di-

stinct.

Terepra Luctuosa. Ter. testd gracile acuminatd, levigatd, politd,

atro-fuscd, rariis castaned vel olivaced ; anfractibus subplanulatis,

integris, superne plicis parvis undatis, infra evanidis, ultimo elon-

gato, concolore ; columella levi, breviusculd. Axis 17 lin.

Hab. Gulf of Nicoya; Puerto Portrero, west coast of America; in

twelve fathoms, coral sand.

Cab. Cuming and Belcher.

Terepra cusprpata. Ter. testd gracile et elongate subulatd, valde

acuminata, levigatd, politd, nitidd ; anfractibus planulatis, integris,

superne plicatis, infra evanidis, pallidis ceruleo anguste fasciatis ;

anfractu ultimo levigato, subdiaphano, ad basin fascia rufa ornato.

Axis 13 lin.

Hab, Cape Coast, Africa: Humphrey.

Cab. Cuming.

Trresra micans. Ter. testd conico-subulatd, acuminata, semiopacd,

pallide fulvd, nitidd ; anfractibus planulatis, integris, longitrorsum

plicis capillaribus, superne ceruleo et ad basin anfractis ultimi

Susco fasciatis ; apertura inferne effusd; columella truncatd.

Axis 13 lin.

Hab, ——?

158

Cab. Cuming.

The specific name I find in use as a cabinet name, but I am igno-

rant who is the originator.

TEREBRA LEPIDA. Ter. testd obeso- vel rariis subcylindraceo-subu-

latd, acuminatd, levigatd, politd, albidd vel pallide fulva ; anfrac-

tibus planulatis, integris, plicis longitudinalibus acutis, interstitiis

levigatis, superne maculis rufis cinctis ; anfractu ultimo subcylin-

draceo, pallide fasciato. Axis 10 lin.

Hab. Guinea; on the sands : Humphrey.

Cab. Cuming.

TEREBRA OBESA. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, levigatd, albidd, ma-

culis fuscis longitudinalibus pallide ornatd ; anfractibus paucis,

subrotundatis, integris, ultimo biseriatim maculato ; spird obsolete

plicatd ; aperturd oblonga ; columella truncatd. Axis 6 lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Cuming. Unique.

In this singular little shell the last whorl occupies nearly one half

of the entire length.

TEREBRA NASSOIDES. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, levigatd, nitidd,

anfractibus planulatis, integris, superne albo, medid fusco cinctis,

ultimo unicolore ; aperturd inferne effusd. Axis 6 lin.

Hab. ?

Cab. Cuming.

TEREBRA RUSTICA. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, acuminata, fuscd,

nitidd, striis transversis scabra ; anfractibus subrotundatis, longi-

trorsum plico-costatis, superne infra suturam luteis ; plicis sub-

distantibus, feré continuis ; anfractu ultimo elongato, concolore ;

aperturd elongatd ; columella levi, subrectd. Axis 8 lin.

Hab.

Cab. Metcalfe.

TEREBRA TENERA. Ter. testd parvd, obeso-subulatd, levigatd, ni-

tidd, anfractibus plico-costatis, pallide fulvis, superne prope sutu-

ram rufo fasciatis, ultimo ad basin rufo; plicis continuis ; colu-

mellaé contortd. Axis 4 lin.

Hab. Straits of Malacca, in seventeen fathoms ; Ceylon.

Cab. Belcher.

TEREBRA MERA. Ter. testd subcylindraceo-subulatd, levigatd, ni-

tidd, albidd, vel pallide rufo late fasciatd ; anfractibus subplanu-

latis, superne plicis parvis numerosis obliquis, infra evanidis ;

aperturd parvd, elongatd ; columella subtruncatd. Axis 7% lin,

Hab. Straits of Malacca, in seventeen fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

TEREBRA PyGMamA. Ter. testd purpured, obeso-subulata ; anfrac-

tibus paucis, subrotundatis, longitrorsum minute plico-costatis, su-

perne insigniter fascid angustd atro-purpured cinctis, ultimo prope

159

basin fasciato ; apertura parvd, fused ; labio interno subproducto.

Axis 3 lin,

Hab. Straits of Malacca, in seventeen fathoms.

Cab. Belcher.

Synopsis of the known species of Terebra, by Mr. Hinds.

The genus Terebra, as at present received, contained in the time

of Linnzus several species, which were then referred to Buccinum.

Lamarck enumerates twenty-four species ; seven were described in the

Tankerville Catalogue by Mr. Sowerby in 1825 ; twenty-one by Mr.

Gray in the Zoological Proceedings for 1834; and a few additional

are scattered through other publications. The list of M. Deshayes

assigns the amount of recent species as forty-four, and of fossil as

sixteen, at the period of its formation. M. Kiener’s Monograph

contains thirty-five recent species. In the following synopsis con-

siderable care has been taken to compare the previously described

species with each other, so as to correct their synonymy, and also in

collecting their different habitats; for on this point our information

was most deficient, since the native country of several of the La-

marckian species was unknown or only vaguely mentioned, and in

those described in the Zoological Proceedings for 1834, the locality

of a single species is alone given. As the authority for a habitat

always increases its value, it is here inserted ; and to those for which

I am myself responsible, my initial is attached.

The statistical details stand thus :—Species previously described,

recent 58, fossil 24; now first described 50—total 132; both recent

and fossil 8.

TEREBRA, Bruguiére.

Terebra, Bruguitre (nec Adanson) ; Acus, Humphrey ; Subula, Schu-

macher, Blainville ; Loxonema, Phillips.

REcENT.

1, {Teresra macurara!, Linneus (sp.).

Buccinum maculatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 130.

Terebra maculata, Lamarck, Hist. des Animaux sans Vert. vol. vii.

p. 283.

Subula maculata, Schumacher, Nouv. Syst., p. 233; Blainvyille,

Malacologie, p. 405. t. 16. f. 2.

Hab. All the groups of islands in the North and South Pacific ;

Indian Seas, as far as the Seychelles: H. Fossil—shores of the Red

Sea: Burton. (vide specimen in museo Belcher.)

’ The sign attached to this and other species is meant to represent that

they are found both in a recent and fossil state. In practice I have found

it highly convenient to employ certain signs, and having shown them to

some who have regarded them as useful, they are here introduced. I have

expressed a recent shell by the sign +; a fossil shell, |; and one found in

both conditions, {. And I have found a great advantage in these signs,

that they are easily converted.

160

2. TEREBRA STRIGATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 25.

T. elongata, Wood, Index Suppl.

T. flammea, Lesson, Ill. de Zool. t. 48.

T. zebra, Kiener, Iconographie, p. 5. t. 3. f. 5.

Hab. Panama, very abundant: H.

The Indian locality assigned in Wood’s ‘ Index’ to this species is

undoubtedly incorrect. (v. s. in m. Belcher.)

3. TEREBRA FLAMMEA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 284.

Hab. Indian Seas: Kiener. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

4, TEREBRA SUCCINEA, sp. 0.., vide ante.

5. TEREBRA ROBUSTA, sp. 0, vide ante.

6. TEREBRA ORNATA, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 62.

Hab. Gallapagos Islands; five to seven fathoms, coral sand: Cu-

ming. Panama; seven fathoms, mud: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.)

7. { TEREBRA CRENULATA, Linnzus (sp.).

Buccinum crenulatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 132.

B. candidum, Born, Mus. p. 263. t. 10. f. 8.

Terebra maculata, Perry, t. 16. f. 2.

Hab. Marquesas Islands: H. Tahiti; Amboina. Fossil—shores

of the Red Sea: Burton. (v.s. in m. Belcher.)

8. TEREBRA DIMIDIATA, Linnzus (sp.).

Buccinum dimidiatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 138.

B. ferrugineum, Born, Mus. p. 263. t. 10. f. 7.

Terebra carnea, Perry, t. 16. f. 1. A

Hab. Tahiti; Amboina: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.)

I am scarcely satisfied that Born’s shell is T. dimidiata, though so

considered by Dillwyn. The latter was known to Born, who con-

sidered it as distinct, and they are so mentioned.

9. TEREBRA CONSORS, sp. n., vide anté.

10. TEREBRA ARGUS.

T. nebulosa, Kiener, Iconographie, p. 23. t. 10. f. 22. :

Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands: Cuming. Nukuhiva, Marquesas :

H. (v.s. in m. Belcher.) :

The name is preoccupied in a species described by Mr. Sowerby.

11. TeREBRA MuUsCARIA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 285.

Hab. Tahiti; Feejee Islands: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.)

The figure in the ‘Encyclop. Méthod.’ referred to T. subulata,

represents this shell, an error which was subsequently corrected by

Lamarck. An analogous mistake has been committed in Sowerby’s

‘ Genera of Shells,’ where T. swbulata is represented with a reference

at the foot to T. muscaria.

12. TEREBRA TIGRINA, Gmelin (sp.).

Buccinum tigrinum (bis), Gmelin, No. 135.

B. felinum, Dillwyn, vol. ii.

Terebra felina, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 76.

Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Cuming.)

161

13. { TEREBRA DUPLICATA, Linnzus (sp.).

Buccinum duplicatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 136.

Terebra Lamarckii, Kiener, p. 30. t. 9. f. 19.

Hab. Zanzibar ; Singapore. Majambo Bay, Madagascar: H. Fos-

sil—shores of the Red Sea: Burton. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

T. Lamarckii seems to me only a pretty and characteristic variety.

14. Teresra Dussumiertit, Kiener, l.c. p. 31. t. 8. f.17.

Hab. Haynan, China: Humphrey. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

15. {TeresrA suBULATA, Linneus (sp.).

Buccinum subulatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 131.

Terebra fusca, Perry, t. 16. f. 3.

Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands ; Bow Island, pale var.; Moluccas: H.

Fossil—shores of the Red Sea; Burton. (vy. s. in m. Belcher.)

16. TereBRA ocuLATA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 286.

Hab. Bow Island; Society Islands; Amboina: H.

17. TEREBRA SPECTABILIS, sp. n., vide ante.

18. TeEREBRA GEMMULATA, Kiener, l. c. p. 15. t. 5. f. 11.

Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Cuming: a single specimen.)

19. TEREBRA COPULA, sp. n., vide ante.

20. TEREBRA FATUA, sp. n., vide ante.

21. TEREBRA ALBIDA, Gray, l.c. p. 63.

Hab. New South Wales, on the sands: Humphrey. (v. s. in m.

Gray.)

22. TEREBRA CLORATA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288.

T. Knorrii, Gray, 1. c. p. 59.

Hab. Seychelles: Dufo. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

23. TEREBRA RAPHANULA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288.

Hab. Amboina: H. (v.s. in m. Belcher.)

24, TEREBRA CERITHINA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288.

Hab. Philippine Islands: Cuming. Bow Island; Society Islands ;

Feejee Islands: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.)

25. TEREBRA CHRULESCENS, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288.

Hab. New Holland: Lamarck. Society Islands; Feejee Islands :

H. (v.s. in m. Cuming.)

26. TEREBRA NIMBOSA, sp. n., vide ante.

27. TEREBRA SENEGALENSIS, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 287.

T. striatula, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288.

Hab. Gambia and other localities on the west coast of Africa.

(v. s. in m. Belcher.)

Kiener’s figure at t. 9. f. 18. represents T, strigilata. It is the

faval of Adanson.

28. TEREBRA FUSCO-MACULATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 23.

Hab. Senegal: Sowerby.

I cannot identify this shell, but there is much probability that

162

it may be one of the varieties of T. senegalensis, Lamarck ; a shell

not so well known twenty years since as at present.

29. TEREBRA CINGULA, Kiener, l. c. p. 28. t. 8. f. 16.

Hab. ? (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

30. TEREBRA LAURINA, Sp. 0., vide ante.

31. TEREBRA STYLATA, sp. n., vide ante,

32. TEREBRA CASTANEA, Kiener, l.c. p. 19. t. 7. f. 14.

Hab. Mauritius: Kiener. Guinea: Humphrey. (vy. s.in m. Cu-

ming.)

I feel tolerably certain that I have referred the right shell to Kie-

ner’s description and figure. With the latter it agrees sufficiently

well, but the whorls are decidedly divided. His description and

figures widely differ. ,

33. {TEREBRA PERTUSA, Born (sp.).

Buccinum pertusum, Born, Mus. p. 267. t. 10. f. 18.

Terebra undata, Defrance, Dict. des Scien. Nat.

Hab. ? Fossil—Bordeaux: Basterot. South of Europe:

Bronn. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

The shells represented in Kiener’s ‘ Iconographie’ by t. 11. f. 24 b.

and 24 c. as varieties, are respectively 7. affinis, Gray, and T. undu-

lata, Gray.

34, TEREBRA NUBECULATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 25.

Hab. ?

This shell I am unable to identify.

35. TEREBRA NEBULOSA, Sowerby, l.c. p. 25.

Hab. ? (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

36. TEREBRA ALVEOLATA, sp. n., vide ante.

37. TEREBRA SPECILLATA, Sp. 0, vide anté.

38. TEREBRA CONSPERSA, sp. n., vide ante.

39. TEREBRA VARICOSA, sp. n., vide anté.

40. TEREBRA FRIGATA.

T. gracilis, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

Hab. Africa: Gray. Gallapagos Islands; in six fathoms, coral

sand: Cuming. (v.s. in m. Gray.)

A fossil species has priority of name.

41. TEREBRA PLUMBEA, Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, p. 470. t. 36.

£29; 30:

Hab. Moluccas : Quoy and Gaimard. Cagayan, island of Misamis,

Philippines: Cuming. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

42. TEREBRA NITIDA, Sp. n., vide ante.

43. TEREBRA HASTATA, Gmelin (sp.).

Buccinum hastatum, Gmelin.

Terebra costata, Menke, Syn. Mus., p. 84.

Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Cuming.)

44. TEREBRA CASTA, Sp. n., vide ante.

163

45. TEREBRA RUDIS, Gray, l.c. p. 60.

Terebra Petitii, Kiener, 1. c. p. 37. t. 13. f. 32.

Hab, Shores of New York and Philadelphia: Kiener. (v.s. in m.

Gray.)

_46. Trerepra PLicaTA, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

Hab. Guayaquil ; in twelve fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming.

47. TEREBRA EBURNEA, §p. n., vide ante.

48. TEREBRA AMANDA, §). 0., vide anté.

49, TEREBRA TESSELLATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

Hab. ? (v. s. in m. Britannico.)

50. TEREBRA LIGATA, sp. n., vide ante.

51. TEREBRA LINGUALIS, sp. n., vide ante.

52. TEREBRA CORRUGATA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 287.

T. punctata, Gray, 1. c. p. 61.

Hab. ? (vy. s.in m. Gray.)

53. TEREBRA FUNICULATA, Sp. n., vide ante.

54. TrEREBRA TRICOLOR, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 24.

T. teniolata, Quoy, Voy. de 1’ Astrolabe, p. 466. t. 36. f. 25, 26.

Hab. Tongatabu: Quoy and Gaimard. Island of St. Thomas:

Sowerby. (vy. s. in m. Cuming.)

There is most probably some error in one of these localities.

55. TEREBRA MONILIS, Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, p. 467. t. 36.

ele 2D!

Hab.

56. TEREBRA CINGULIFERA, Lamarck, l.c. vol. vil. p. 289.

T. punctulata, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 24.

T. punctatostriata, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

Hab. New Holland: Kiener. Annaa, South Pacific ; Ilo-ilo, island

of Panay, and island of Burias, Philippines: Cuming. Tahiti: H.

(v. s. in m. Gray.)

? (vy. s. in m. Cuming.)

57. TEREBRA BABYLONIA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vil. p. 287.

T. striata, Gray, 1. c. p. 60.

Hab. Haynan, China: Schroter. Bow Island; Tahiti; Feejee

Islands: H. (v. s. in m. Gray.)

58. TEREBRA STRAMINEA, Gray, l. c. p. 62.

Hab. Haynan, China ;.Tranquebar : Schréter.

59. TEREBRA PRETIOSA, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 200.

Hab. China, (vy. s. in m. Cuming.)

Two specimens only of this fine shell appear to be known.

60. {TEREBRA CoMMACULATA, Gmelin (sp.).

Buccinum strigilatum, Gmelin (nec Linn.).

B. commaculatum, Gmelin, No. 1438.

Terebra myuros, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 289.

T. scabrella, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 289.

164

Hab. New Guinea: H. Fossil—shores of the Red Sea: Burton.

(v. s. in m. Belcher.)

An impression seems to exist that this may be Buccinum murinum,

Linneus, but tae brief description does not appear to me to favour

this view.

61. TEREBRA TRISERIATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; six fathoms, sand: Cuming.

China Sea; twenty-two fathoms: H. (v. s. in m. Gray.)

62. TEREBRA LEVIGATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

Hab. Ceylon: H.

63. TEREBRA L2VIs, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

Hab. > (y. s. in m. Gray.)

At first | was somewhat struck with the peculiar appearance of

the specimen, but after repeated examination and comparison I feel

satisfied that it is the worn apex of either 7. muscaria or T. oculata,

which are in this state much alike.

64. TEREBRA COLUMELLARIS, Sp. 0., vide ante.

65. TEREBRA UNDULATA, Gray, l.c. p. 60.

T. pertusa, Kiener, Iconographie, var. t. 11. f.24 ec.

Hab. Bow Island; New Guinea; Straits of Malacca: H. (v.s.

in m. Gray.)

66. TEREBRA AFFINIS, Gray, l.c. p. 60.

T. striata, Quoy, Voy. de l Astrolabe, p. 468. t. 36. f. 23, 24.

Hab. Feejee Islands; Seychelles: H. (v. s. in m. Gray.)

This species varies much in the size of its shells. The robust

specimens are M. Quoy’s species; his name, though having a short

priority, is previously occupied.

67. TEREBRA VARIEGATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61.

T. africana, Gray, Griffith’s Cuvier, t. 23. f. 5.

Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California; ten to twelve fathoms, sandy

mud: Cuming. (v. s. in m. Gray.)

I can scarcely discover the priority of these names, but the second

is obviously objectionable.

68. TEREBRA INTERTINCTA, Sp. n., vide anté.

69. TEREBRA ARMILLATA, sp. 0., vide ante.

70. TEREBRA ASPERA, Sp. 0., vide ante.

71. TEREBRA RADULA, sp. n., vide ante. .

72. TEREBRA BIFRONS, sp. n., vide ante.

73. TEREBRA GLAUCA, sp. n., vide ante.

74, TEREBRA BICINCTA, sp. n., vide ante.

75. TEREBRA TUBERCULOSA, sp. n., vide ante.

76. TEREBRA LARVEFORMIS, Sp. n., vide ante.

77. TEREBRA FENESTRATA, Sp. n., vide ante.

78. TEREBRA PICTA, sp. n., vide ante.

165

79. TEREBRA VIOLASCENS, sp. n., vide ante.

80. TEREBRA ALBA, Gray, l. c. p. 60.

Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Gray.)

81. TereBRA FLAVA, Gray, l.c. p. 60.

Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Gray.)

82. TEREBRA ELATA, Sp. N., vide anté.

83. TEREBRA TEXTILIS, sp. n., vide anté.

84. TEREBRA CANCELLATA, Quoy, Voy. del’ Astrolabe, p. 471.t. 36.

f. 27, 28.

Hab. Moluccas: Quoy and Gaimard. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

85. TEREBRA CANCELLATA, Gray, l. c. p. 62.

Hab.

This species I have not seen. The name, being preoccupied, re-

quires to be changed.

86. TEREBRA PULCHRA, sp. n., vide ante.

87. TEREBRA EBURNEA, Sp. n., vide ante.

88. TEREBRA LANCEATA, Gmelin (sp.).

Buccinum lanceatum, Gmelin, No. 137.

Hab. Tahiti; Mauritius; Cuming. Amboina: H. (vy. s.inm.

Belcher.)

89. TEREBRA PENICILLATA, sp. n., vide ante.

90. TEREBRA VENOSA, sp. n., vide anté.

91. TEREBRA INCONSTANS, sp. n., vide ante.

92. TEREBRA ANOMALA, Gray, l.c. p. 62.

Hab. Singapore ; in seven fathoms: Cuming. (v. s. in m. Gray.)

93. {TEREBRA CINEREA, Born (sp.).

Buccinum cinereum, Born, Mus. p. 267. t. 10. f. 11, 12.

Terebra aciculina, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 290.

Hae. Manila, on the sand: Cuming. Fossil—Bordeaux : Basterot.

(v. s. in m. Cuming.)

94. TEREBRA STRIGILATA, Linnzus (sp.).

Buccinum strigilatum, Linn., Syst. Nat. no. 484.

Hab. New Guinea; Straits ‘of Macassar : H. Philippine Islands :

Cuming. (v.s. in m. Belcher.)

At p. 29 of the ‘ Iconographie’ M. Kiener describes this shell, and

t. 9. f. 19. represents it; but the reference at the foot is to 7. stria-

tula, Lamarck.

95. TEREBRA LUCTUOSA, sp. n., vide anté.

96. TEREBRA CUSPIDATA, sp. 0., vide ante.

97. TEREBRA MICANS, sp. n., vide ante.

98. TEREBRA LEPIDA, Sp. n., vide ante.

99. TrREBRA ALBULA, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holland. p. 30.

Hab. West coast of New Holland: Menke.

166

100. TEREBRA OBESA, Sp. 0, vide anté.

101. TEREBRA NASSOIDES, sp. n., vide anté.

102. TEREBRA TUBEROSA, sp. n., vide ante.

103. TEREBRA RUSTICA, sp. n., vide ante.

104. TrREBRA AcICULATA, Lamarck (sp.).

Buccinum aciculatum, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vil. p. 274.

Hab. Acapulco; Sonsonati; Xipixapi: Cuming. (v.s.inm. Cu-

ming.)

105. Teresra CosEnTINI1, Philippi, p. 227. t.11. f. 29.

Hab. Naples : Philippi. (v. s. in m. Cuming.)

106. TEREBRA TENERA, Sp. n., vide ante.

107. TrREBRA MERA, sp. 0., vide ante.

108. TEREBRA PYGMZA, sp. n., vide ante.

FossI.

109. ‘TEREBRA PLICATULA, Brocchi (sp.).

Buccinum plicatulum, Brocchi, Conchiologia.

Hab. Paris: Deshayes. Bordeaux ; Siebenburgen : Bronn.

110. TeREBRA GRANULATA, Phillips, Geol. York. vol. i. t.7. f. 16.

Hab. Scarborough : Phillips.

11]. TEREBRA MELANOIDES, Phillips, 1. c. vol. i. t. 4. f. 13.

Hab. Yorkshire : Phillips.

112. TerEesra vetusTA, Phillips, 1. c. vol.i. t. 9. f. 25.

Hab. Yorkshire : Phillips.

113. TereBra viTTATA, Phillips, lc. vol. i. t. vii. f. 15.

Hab. Scarborough : Phillips.

114. Trresra FuscaTA, Brocchi (sp.).

Buccinum fuscatum, Brocchi, Conchiol. vol. ii. p. 344.

Terebra plicaria, Basterot, Mém. d’Hist. Naturelle, 1825.

T. striolata, Risso, Histoire de Nice, f. 74.

Hab. Bordeaux: Basterot. Nice: Risso.

115. TEREBRA STRIATA, Basterot, Mémoire, 1825.

Hab. Bordeaux : Basterot.

Four different shells have received this specific name, of which the

above claims the priority. It is not always easy so to adjust and

apply the nomenclature, that a designation once used should not be

adopted again; but in cases like the present it is difficult to believe

that a little reference would not have avoided the frequent repe-

tition of the same name, whereby not only some confusion would

have been avoided, but those who come after would have been saved

the unpleasant and ungracious duty of substituting new names.

116. TEREBRA consTRICTA, Sowerby, Min. Conch. vol. iii. p. 218.

Hab. Yorkshire : Phillips.

117. TEREBRA LINEATA, Sowerby, Min. Conch. vol. iii. p. 218.

Hab. England : Sowerby.

167

118. TeREBRA PORTLANDICA, Sowerby, Geol. Trans. 2nd Ser.

vol. iv. t. 23. £..6.

Hab. Portland.

119. TerEBRA HeruNAHIANA, Sowerby, Geol. Trans. 2nd Ser.

Ole Verbs Dis. fo 20.

Loxonema » Phillips.

fab. Plymouth.

120. TEREBRA NEXILIS, Sowerby, l. c.

Melania arcuata.

Hab.

121. TerEBRA sinuosa, Sowerby, Sil. Syst.

Hab. 3

122. TrrEBRA STRIATA, Lonsdale, Geol. Tr. 2nd Ser. vol. iii. p.275.

Melania , Sowerby, Min. Conch.

Hab. England.

The specific name is preoccupied.

123. TerEBRA HeppINGTONENSIS, Lonsdale, ]. c. 2nd Ser.

Melania , Sowerby, Min. Conch.

Hab. Weymouth.

124. TrreBRA GRACILIS, Lea, Contr. to Geology, p. 166. t. 5.f.171.

Hab. Alabama: Lea.

See No. 40.

125. Teresra costaTA, Lea, l. c. p. 166. t. 5. f.172.

Hab. Alabama : Lea.

126. TEREBRA VENUSTA, Lea, l.c. p. 167. t. 5. £173.

Hab. Alabama : Lea.

127. TrreBra PoLyGyRA, Conrad, 1834.

Hab. United States.

128. TEREBRA SIMPLEX, Conrad.

Hab. United States.

129. TrREBRA INVERSA, Nyst, Coq. Foss. d’Anvers, p. 34. t.5.f.49.

Hab. Antwerp: Nyst.

Three specimens only, in an indifferent state, of this singular little

shell were known to M. Nyst.

130. Teresra Vutcant, Brongniart, Mém. du Vicentin, p. 67.

Muricites costatus, Schlotheim, Petrefactenkunde, p. 146.

Hab. South of France.

Schlotheim’s shell has I believe the priority, and by several years,

over No. 126.

131. TEREBRA CANALIS, S. Wood, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 540.

Hab. Gedgrave, England ; coral crag : 5. Wood.

132. TEREBRA HETEROSTROPHA, S. Wood, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ix.

- 540.

Hab. Gedgrave and Sutton, England ; red and coral crag : S. Wood.

This is not unlikely to be T. inversa, Nyst. Both species are un-

accompanied by descriptions.

168

Mihi ignota.

133. TEREBRA SANDWIZENSIS, ?

Excludende.

134. TEREBRA VITTATA.

Buccinum vittatum, Linnzus.

Eburna monilis, Schumacher.

Terebra buccinoidea, Blainville.

Bullia vittata, Gray.

Leiodomus vittata, Swainson.

135. TEREBRA GRANULOSA, Lamarck.

136. | TEREBRA SCALARINA, Lamarck.

Buccinum scalarinum, Sowerby.

Fusus scalarinus, Deshayes.

137. TEREBRA LINEOLATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat.

Buccinum lineolatum, Wood, Index, Suppl.

B. Bellangeri, Kiener.

138. TEREBRA TAHITENSIS, Gray, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 63.

Buccinum tahitense, Gmelin.

B. australe, Sowerby.

139. TereBRA poLita, Gray, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 63.

Buccinum politum, Lamarck.

There still remain to notice the following species, which were re-

ferred by the old authors to that section of Buccinum which is now

regarded as synonymous with Terebra, but which there is much diffi-

culty and doubt in referring to any shells at the present time in our

collections :—Buccinum murinum, Linn. ; B. acus, Chemnitz; B. hec-

ticum, Gmelin; B. bifasciatum, Petiver; B. concinnum, Gualtier: fee

succinctum, Chemnitz; B. geminum, Linn.; B. proximatum, Linn. ;

B. monile, Linn.; B. sinuatum, Linn.; and B. phallus, Chemnitz, is

since known as Pleurotoma buccinoides.

« Descriptions of new species of Shells figured in the ‘ Conchologia

Iconica,’”’ by Mr. Lovell Reeve.

Genus Conus. 6

Conus Desnayesi. Con. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, tenuiculd, inflata,

pallide olivaceo-fulvd, profuse rubido-puncticulatd, maculis albis

grandibus, perpaucis, sparsim et irregulariter nebulosd; spird

depresso-pland, apice mucronato ; aperturd dehiscente, fauce, quasi

-polita, nitente.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 5. f. 28; Conus cervus, Sowerby, Conch.

Illus., f. 94.

Hab. Swan River.

Only a few specimens of this very characteristic species, which

may be readily recognised by its peculiar buff-tinted colour and light

inflated growth, are at present known. It has been supposed hitherto

to be the Conus cervus, but having lately examined, in the collection

of M. Delessert, the identical shell described under that title by La-

marck, with the description of that illustrious author attached to it

169

in his own handwriting, I am enabled to rectify an error which has

unfortunately gained considerable circulation.

By the title now substituted for cervus in reference to the species

under consideration, I wish to honour my kind and amiable friend

M. Deshayes, now zealously occupied in completing the conchologi-

cal portion of the new edition of Lamarck’s ‘ Histoire des animaux

sans vertébres,’ the publication of which has been long anxiously

looked for.

Conus vipva. Con. testd turbinatd, albd, fusco subtilissime reticu-

latd, reticulis ruptis, subsparsis ; fasciis binis nigerrimo-fuscis,

maculis albis sparsis, irregulariter punctatis, cinctd ; spird concavo-

depressd, coronatd, apice subobtuso.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 8. f. 45.

Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming.

This curiously mottled Cone presents a very different style of

painting from any hitherto described species. Several specimens

were collected by Mr. Cuming.

Conus pictus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, tenuiculd, subventri-

cosd, puniceo brunneove et albo alternatim fasciatd, fasciis inter-

stitiisque fusco alboque identidem teniatis et variegatis ; spird

convexo-elatd, ad marginem peculiariter strigatd, apertura subin-

flatd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 18. f. 98.

Hab. ?

The painting of this pretty shell is of very peculiar character, and

I know of no other species with which any comparison can well be

instituted. The most characteristic of two specimens now before

me exhibits three broad pale scarlet bands, the lower being orna-

mented with two articulated fillets of brown and white, the middle

with one only, whilst in the upper band the fillet is altogether want-

ing. ‘The spaces between the bands are curiously variegated with

brown (scarlet-brown), and the base and upper edge of the shell are

obliquely streaked with the same colour; the latter part in such a

manner as to leave a neat spiral necklace of short streaks upon the

surface of the spire. In some specimens the articulated fillets are

more confused, though the necklace of short streaks is still clearly

defined around the edge of the spire.

Conus manocant. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcylindraced,

basim versus sulcatd ; albidd, spadiceo profuse tinctd, teniis fre-

quentibus spadiceo alboque articulatis cinctd ; spird valde elaid ;

aperture fauce albd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 22. f. 126.

Hab. Salango, West Columbia (found in sandy mud) ; Cuming.

This species differs from the Conus interruptus in having the spire

narrower and much more elevated’; it is always more strongly and

fully stained with the dark reddish-brown, and the interior of the

shell exhibits no indication of any purple.

Conus InTERMEDIUS. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcylindraced,

170

levi, columelid basim versus subtiliter sulcatd ; puniceo-rosed,

maculis grandibus fuscescentibus reticulatis, interrupte bibalteata,

interstitiis plus minusve pallide reticulatis ; spird convexo-elatd,

spiraliter striatd ; apertura patente, fauce pallide violaced.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 23. f. 129; Conus geographus, var., Bro-

derip ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 33.

Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ; Cuming.

I have long suspected this shell to be distinct from the Conus geo-

graphus ; it differs constantly in form, in colour, and in the general

distribution of the brown reticulated painting. These differences

are unimportant however compared with a character which it has in

common with the Conus tulipa, namely that of having the lower por-

tion delicately grooved. The base of the Conus geographus does not

present the slightest indication of this grooving, nor indeed any in-

equality of surface beyond the ordinary striz of growth, which pass

in the contrary direction. I notice this character in the Conus inter-

medius merely to show that it cannot be a variety of the Conus geo-

graphus ; the grooving must not be regarded as a specific peculiarity,

because, as already observed, it is common to the Conus tulipa, as

well as to another closely allied species, the Conus obscurus.

Conus orpitatus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, tenuiculd, trans-

versim liratd, liris planis, interstitiis striato-pertusis ; albidd,

ustulato-fusco variegatd ; spird acuminatd, apice elato, acuto.

Conch. Fe0m: Conus, pl. 27. fig. 156.

Hab.

I kindly hank M. Deshayes for the use of this interesting little

shell, which at first sight I thought to be a young specimen of the

Conus sulcatus.

Conus ELoneatus. Con. testé elongato-turbinatd, levi, luteo-

olivaced, superne ceruleo-albd, fascid interruptd subindistinctd

deorsum cingulatd ; spiré convexd, ceruleo-albd, subtilissime co-

ronatd, apice rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide violaceis.

Conch. Tent, Conus, pl. 27. f. 157.

Hab.

I adopt the ‘Rey, Mr. Stainforth’s manuscript name for this elegant

little shell, believing that it may with great propriety be regarded as

a new species.

Conus 1opostoma. Con. testé subelongato-turbinatd, tenui, leviter

inflata ; albidé, purpureo pallidissimé tinctd, luteo-fuscescente

sparsim et irregulariter punctatd et maculatd ; spird subtilissime

sulcatd, apice elato, acuto; aperturd latiusculd, fauce violaceo-

purpured.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 28. f. 159.

Hab. ?

This shell has been supposed to have some considerable affinity

with the Conus Janus; it does not however, in my opinion, exhibit

any characters in common with that species, and may at once be

distinguished by its tenuity, by its spotted peculiarity of painting,

and by its violet-stained mouth.

171

Conus rnscriptus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, levi, basim

versus sulcatd, sulcis latis, striatis ; ceruleo-albidd, maculis gran-

dibus fuscescentibus, literis Sinensibus simillimis, trifasciatim in-

scriptd, interstitiis macularum minorum serie unicd cingulatis ;

spird mediocri, spiraliter striata, fuscescente variegatd, apice

acuto ; aperture fauce violaceo-carneolata.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 29. f. 164 ; Conus leo scandens ? Chemnitz,

Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 140. f. 1300.

Hab. ?

This appears to me to be a well-characterized species, and clearly

distinct from that variety of the Conus Proteus to which it so closely

approximates in the style of painting. I much question whether

the figure described by Chemnitz under the title of * Leo scandens,”

from an imagined resemblance of the hieroglyphical spots to the

common heraldic device of the climbing lion, is not a representation

of this shell, and that Lamarck, Pfeiffer, and others have somewhat

erred in quoting it as the well-known similarly marked variety of C.

Proteus.

Conus sutsus. Con. testdé subobeso-turbinatd, solidd, superne ro-

tundatd ; albd, fusco longitudinaliter strigatd, strigis irregularibus,

oblique undulatis, superne et inferne diffusis ; spird brevi, apice

mucronato.

Var. 3. Testa omnind fusca.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 30. f. 169.

Hab. Cabenda, west coast of Africa (found at the depth of five

fathoms in soft mud, washed down by the waters of the Congo) ;

Hankey.

Four specimens of this very interesting species were collected at

the above-named locality by Lieut. Hankey. It is a very solid shell,

having the appearance of a smail bulb-root.

Conus apLustRE. Con. testd subobeso-turbinatd, tenui, subinflatd,

levi, basim versus liraté ; rubido-fusco et ceruleo pallide et sub-

irregulariter zonatd, teniis fusco-articulatis angustis numerosis

subtilibus ornatd ; spird depresso-convexd, apice mucronato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 30. f. 170.

Hab. ?

This is another new species, and will be recognised as being very

distinct from any hitherto described.

Conus Mercatrir. Con. testd elongato-ovatd, per totam super-

ficiem granulosd, granulis subtilibus, seriatim digestis ; albidd, au-

rantio-fusco irregulariter inquinatd, balted albidd angustd in medio

cingulatd ; spird subewsertd, aurantio-fusco maculatd, apice acu-

minato. «

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 36. f. 192.

Hab. ?

I have much pleasure in naming this interesting species, at the

desire of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, in honour of William Metcalfe,

Esq., a gentleman whose zeal for collecting and identifying the more

172

minute and less attractive species of shells is highly serviceable to

science.

Conus Vicroriz. Con. testd ovato-turbinatd, tenui, subinflatd,

transversim striatd ; albidd, cesio longitudinaliter inquinatd, ma-

culis grandibus, subsolitariis, aurantiis, fusco undulato-virgatis,

trifasciatim ornatd, interstitiis aurantio-fusco subtilissime reticu-

latis ; spird elevato-exsertd, apice acutissimo ; aperturd latiusculd,

Sauce pallidé cesid.

Var. (. Testa maculis aurantiis majoribus, trifasciatim coalescenti-

bus ; strigis fuscis longitudinalibus prominentioribus.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 202.

Hab. Mouth of the Victoria River, New Holland; H.M.S. Beagle.

This highly interesting species must be seen to be appreciated, it

being quite impossible to do justice either by drawing or description

to its elaborate configuration. It is perhaps next allied to the

Conus canonicus, but is of much lighter and more inflated growth ;

the three rows of brown-striped orange blotches are peculiar to it;

the net-work is finer, and of a much more delicate and tremulous

character, aud the interior of the aperture, instead of being pink, is

of the same greyish blue colour which characterizes the outer sur-

face.

I take the liberty of attaching Her Majesty’s name to this beauti-

ful shell, from the circumstance of its having been lately discovered

in a locality dedicated in like manner to the same fair patroness of

the sciences.

The two specimens here figured, recently in my possession, were

collected during the late surveying expedition of H.M.S. Beagle.

Mr. Cuming and the Rev. Mr. Stainforth each possess several ex-

amples.

Conus scatprus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, politd, basim

versus sulcatd ; albidd, filis rubidis numerosis, rariter interruptis,

cinctd ; spird elevatd, spiraliter striatd, rubro variegatd, apice

acuto.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 2038.

Hab. ?

This is a new and very distinct species; the transverse lines ex-

hibit the appearance of scratches and are very characteristic. M.

Chenu of Paris proposed describing this shell under the title of C.

radiatus, but that name has been applied to another species by Gme-

lin, though not acknowledged.

Conus mucronatus. Con. testd acuminato-turbinatd, basim versus

attenuatd, transversim sulcatd, sulcis striis longitudinalibus can-

cellatis ; albidd, fusco pallidé tinctd et variegatd; spird elato-

exsertd. fusco pallidé maculatd, apice mucronato, acuto.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 204.

Hab. Islands of Burias, Siquijor, Penay, &c., Philippines ; Cuming.

Several examples of this species have been collected by Mr. Cu-

ming, varying remarkably in their general appearance ; most of them

173

are obsoletely coronated, and all have the grooves more or less

strongly developed, with the apex remarkably sharp-pointed. Coni

sulcatus and orbitatus are the nearest allied species.

Conus cunzotus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, superne obesd,

subinflatd ; fused, maculis albidis paucis parvis, irregularibus,

subtrigonis, fasciatim aspersd, fascid albidd, fusco pallide stri-

gatd, interdum subobsoleta, infra medium ornatd ; spird convexro-

obtusd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 205.

Hab. ?

This apparently variable species approximates in some degree to

the Conus mercator.

Conus verricutum. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, ventricosd,

subrotundatd, levi, basim versus striata ; albidd, maculis aurantiis

irregularibus bifasciatim cinctd, aurantio-fusco aliter latissime

reticulata ; maculis lineis undulatis nunc transversim, nunc longi-

tudinaliter strigatis ; spird concavo-acuminatd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 38. f. 208.

Conus textile, var. 1, Lamarck.

Hab. Ceylon, &c.

Many persons will no doubt cavil at my attaching a new specific

name to this long-established variety of the Conus te«tile, but how

can Lamarck’s Conus vicarius stand, unless this shell be elevated to

the same rank? Its inflated growth and the wide open character

of the net-work are somewhat constant, and it may as well be noticed

that the Conus verriculum has long been erroneously set apart by

collectors for the Conus archiepiscopus, a very different shell, and one

of much greater rarity. Either the Conus verriculum must be adopted,

or the Conus vicarius must be rejected, and both considered as varie-

ties of the Conus textile.

There can be no law for the adjudication of species, whilst a

species remains to be defined. If the Cont vicarius and verriculum

be discarded, hundreds of species may be banished in like manner

from the nomenclature, as the links in the grand chain of affinity

between the Aspergillum and the Argonaut become gradually re-

vealed to observation.

Conus Manrrinianus. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, fused, vel

luteolo-fuscd, ad basim, et per spire marginem, albidd ; levi, infra

medium sulcatd, sulcis latiusculis, subdistantibus, striis prominen-

tibus, cancellatis ; spird convead, spiraliter sulcatd, sulcis nume-

rosis, angustis, apice elato, acuto.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 40. f. 217.

Conus teres levis, Martini, Conch. Cab., vol. ii. p. 2338. pl. 53. f.

584; Conus lacteus, var.? Lamarck.

Hab. Putao, province of Albay, island of Luzon, Philippines (found

under stones at low water) ; Cuming.

This species has been either injudiciously confounded by Lamarck

with the Conus lacteus, or it has been altogether neglected. Mar-

tini has given a very accurate figure of it, but his irregular style of

174

nomenclature precludes the possibility of our following the title by

which he distinguished it. The Conus spectrum is described by that

author under the name of Conus eres, and this immediately follows

under that of Conus teres levis; the former is however a shell of a

more inflated growth, and distinguished moreover by markings of

which the Conus Martinianus is entirely destitute. Most specimens

exhibit a longitudinal white streak here and there, running parallel

with the lines of growth.

Conus incarnatus. Con. testd turbinatd, vie pyriformi, basim

versus subtilissime liratd, liris numerosis, confertis ; alba, fasciis

duabus latissimis, pallidé incarnatis, cinctd ; spird convexiusculd,

spiraliter incisd, maculis incarnatis arcuatis pallide variegatd,

apice mucronato, elato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 41. f. 221.

Hab. Malacca (found on mud-banks) ; Cuming.

Although the specimen above described is in the best state of pre-

servation, I should have judged it, from its simple style of colouring,

to be a shell of immature growth, were it not that Mr. Cuming col-

lected several specimens of them at Malacca on the mud-banks, all

exhibiting the same uniformity of external character.

Conus Bericus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, levi, basim

versus granulosa ; alba, punctis maculisque grandibus, beticis, vi-

vide pictd ; spird subobtuso-convexd, obsolete coronatd, spiraliter

sulcatd, sulcis striato-cancellatis.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 42. f. 226.

Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming.

The Conicus beticus exhibits no other colour but that of the dots

and blotches, which are of very dark chocolate-brown upon a white

ground,

Conus Eristomium. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, rectd, tenuiculd,

albd, maculis aurantio-fuscis, peculiariter fluentibus, bifasciatim

cinctd, maculis albo subobsoleté transversim punctato-lineatis ;

spird depressiusculd, fuscescente maculatd,

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 42. f. 227.

Hab. Mauritius.

This shell is of a peculiarly straight form, and reminds one very

forcibly of the spigot or faucet-stop of a barrel ; the very faint white

dotted transverse lines are exceedingly regular, and of quite a differ-

ent character to those of the brocade species.

Conus cocceus. Con. testd turbinaid, superné obesiusculd, subro-

tundatd, transversim subtilissime liratd, interstitiis leviter pertusis ;

albd, liris maculis parvis irregularibus, pallidé cocceis, eximieé te-

niatis ; spirad obtuso-convexd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 42. f. 228.

Hab. New Holland.

Mr. Cuming possesses three specimens of this delicately marked

Cone, the entire surface of which is covered with faintly articulated

fillets of white and scarlet.

175

Conus Crier. Con. testa turbinatd, supern? acutanguld, tenuiculd,

per totam superficiem subtilissime liratd ; albd, strigis fuscescen-

tibus, longitudinaliter undatis, subirregulariter variegatd ; spird

depressiusculd, leviter canaliculatd, apice elato, mucronato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 229.

Hab. Cape St. Thomas, Brazils (found in sandy mud at the depth

of thirty-five fathoms) ; Clery.

I have much pleasure in adopting the name of an intelligent French

naval commander, to whom we are indebted for this, and many new

and interesting species of shells.

Conus prreratus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, basim versis

sulcatd ; albd, maculis fuscis parvis sparsis irregulariter ornatd ;

spird convexd, spiraliter striatd, apice mucronato, elato ; aperture

Fauce fuscescente tinctd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 230.

Hab. ?

The Conus erythreensis is perhaps the nearest allied species to this,

well characterized by the stained interior, and the more dotted style

of the external painting.

Conus Griinert. Con. testd turbinatd, superne levi, infra trans-

versim sulcatd, sulcis prominentibus ; albd, maculis subquadratis

rubris trifasciatim teniatd, intervallis punctis rubris minutissimis

aspersis ; spird depresso-pland, spiraliter canaliculatd, basi intus

ectusque nigricante-violaceo tinctd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 231.

Hab. Island of Java.

This is a beautiful little species, very distinct from any hitherto

described. At the request of Mr. Cuming I have named it after M.

Griiner of Bremen, a very zealous ccllector, whom I thank most cor-

dially, not only for the loan of the shell, but for setting an example

which I trust continental amateurs will not fail to profit by.

There is another specimen, of rather larger size, in the cabinet of

Mr. J. E. Gray of the British Museum.

Conus sinpon. Con. testd subventricoso-turbinatd, leviusculd ;

albidd, lineis rubido-fuscis subtilissimis densissime bifasciatim de=

cussatd ; spird subobtuso-convexd, apice rosaceo.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 48. f. 233.

Hab. ?

This interesting shell, for the loan of which I am indebted to the

zeal of Mr. Adamson of Newcastle, is very distinct from any hitherto

described species. The painting viewed through an ordinary lens

suggests the appearance of very fine lawn or cambric linen, and is

of quite a novel character.

Conus Parrus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidd, superne obesd, basim

versus sulcatd, sulcis distantibus latiusculis, densissimé striato-

cancellatis ; marmoreo-albd ; spird plano-converd, levi, apice mu-

cronato, fuscescente.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 235.

176

Conus spectrum album, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 140.

f. 1804 ; Conus columba, var. c, Lamarck, Enc. Méth., pl. 331. f. 3.

Hab. ?

This shell, which is of a solid, shining white (like the celebrated

marble of Paros), has been evidently confounded with the Conus co-

lumba; it requires however no very great exercise of critical discri-

mination to perceive that it differs materially both from that and the

preceding species.

Conus exaratus. Con. testdé turbinatd, subangustd, per totam su-

perficiem sulcatd, sulcis regularibus, latiusculis, interstitiis subti-

lissimé striato-cancellatis ; pallidé ceruleo-purpured, maculis fer-

ruginosis albinubeculatis, perpaucis, parcis, sparsim ornatd ; spird

acuminata.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 238.

Hab. ?

This is a very distinct species, remarkable for the regularity with

which it is grooved.

Conus ustuzatus. Con. testd subelongato-turbinatd, superne tu-

midiusculd, margine rotundatd, transversim subiilissimé liratd ;

pallide ustulato-rubidd, balted albidé angustd in medio cincta ;

spird convead, spiraliter striatd, maculis perpaucis sparsis pur-

pureo-rubris ad marginem superiorem ornatd ; apice mucronato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 239.

Hab. New Holland.

There is no trace of any purple-red spots or other dark character

on the body of the shell.

Conus acutEirormis. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subfusiformi,

undique sulcatd, sulcis subtilissimé striato-cancellatis, nunc an-

gustis, liris intermediis planis latiusculis, nunc latioribus, liris

intermediis rotundatis angustis ; albida, fuscescente punctatd, ma-

culis fuscescentibus biseriatim cinctd ; spird acuminatd, apice elato,

acuto.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 240.

Hab, Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines (dredged from

sandy mud at the depth of from twenty-five to thirty fathoms) ; Cu-

ming.

The specimens collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned

island are mostly smaller than those here figured.

Conus viotaceus. Con. testa elongato-turbinatd, cylindraced, tenui,

nitidd ; violaced, transversim obsolete fuscescente punctato-lineatd,

Fuscescente longitudinaliter strigatd, aut sparsim maculatd ; strigis

subdistantibus, lineis brevibus fuscescentibus, exiliter albiarticu-

latis, ornatis ; spird rotundato-obtusd, spiraliter striata.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 241.

Hab. Matnog, island of Luzon, Philippines (found on the reefs) ;

Cuming.

This is a very interesting species ; the faint dotted lines with which

the entire shell is encircled are scarcely visible on the violet ground

177

without the assistance of an ordinary lens, but in passing over the

longitudinal streaks of light brown they present a more decided ap-

pearance.

Conus tanipus. Con. testd turbinatd, leviter pyriformi, tenui, un-

dique sulcatd, sulcis basalibus latioribus, profundis, alteris irregu-

laribus, subtilissimis, undulatis ; albd, totd superficie striis longitu-

dinalibus elevatis peculiariter sculptd; spird subobtuso-convexd,

obsolete coronatd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 248.

Hab. ?

I am not aware that the raised longitudinal striz with which this

shell is so delicately sculptured are to be found in any other species

of the genus.

Conus ampicuus. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, basim versus liratd,

lineis subtilissimis, undatis, longitudinalibus, subobsolete incisis ;

alba, pallide fuscescente tinctd ; spird obtuso-convewd, leviter cana-

liculatd, maculis arcuatis fuscescentibus ornatd, apice mucronato,

elato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 244.

Hab. ?

There is always a doubtful character about shells exhibiting faint

indications of colour; I have not, however, succeeded in referring

this to any species hitherto described.

Conus LenTiIcINosus. Con. testd fusiformi-turbinatd, tenuiculd,

levi, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis latiusculis, profundis ; albidd,

fuscescente lentiginosd et punctatd ; spird elatd, anfractibus acut-

angulis, marginibus fuscescente maculatis, maculis subdistantibus ;

labro subexpanso, juxta spiram emarginato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 245.

Hab. ?

This is an interesting and important species, of which there is a

fainter specimen, of more elongated growth, in the collection of

Mr. Adamson of Newcastle.

Conus trocuutus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, obesd, solidd,

levigatd, basim versus sulcata ; albd, aperture fauce rubido-vio-

laceo tinctd ; spird obtuso-convead, levigatd.

_ Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 246.

Hab. ?

This species, of which there are several examples in the British

Museum, all with the violet-tinged aperture, exhibits the same con-

trast of colour as a very peculiar white variety of the Conus nivosus.

Conus suaiLLatus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, levigatd,

basim versus subobsolete noduloso-liratd ; albidd, fasciis duabus

latissimis livido-olivaceis, lineisque ewilibus fuscescente-punctatis,

cinctd ; spird plano-convexd, canaliculatd, apice mucronato, elato,

anfractuum marginibus subtilissime oblique nodulosis ; basi et

aperture fauce violaceo tinctd.

178

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 247.

Hab. ?

This shell may probably have been confounded with the Conus

lividus ; it is, however, quite distinct from that species both in the

detail of the painting and in the structure of the spire. The spire

is canaliculated, and very peculiarly beaded with fine oblique nodules,

the canaliculated surface being of an olive-brown colour, whilst the

nodules are white.

Conus suturatus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, solidiusculd,

levigatd, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis latiusculis, distantibus; alba,

basi pallidé rosaced; spird plano-convexd, profunde suturatd, spi-

raliter liratd et striata, apice minuto, acuto.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 250.

Hab. ?

There is a very peculiar character on the spire of this shell; the

sutures have an unusually decided appearance, in consequence of a

small ridge which each whorl throws up at its junction with the

preceding.

Conus creruscutum. Con. testd turbinatd, tenuiculd, supern? levi,

infra exiliter granulatd, granulis seriatim digestis, basim versus

gradatim majoribus ; luteold, basi violaced ; spird conveaxd, apice

mucronato, elato, anfractuum marginibus subtilissime obsolete no-

dulosis.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 251.

Hab. ——?

This shell is allied in some measure to the Conus lividus ; it is,

however, of much lighter growth, there is no indication of any colour

in the aperture, and the spire is obsoletely very finely beaded.

Conus tristis. Con. testd turbinatd, subfusiformi, levigatd, basim

versus sulcatd ; albd; spird convexo-elatd, spiraliter striatd, an-

fractuum marginibus subtilissime nodulosis, anfractés ultimi no-

dulis obsoletis, apice mucronato. .

Conch. Icon. Conus, pl. 45. f. 252.

Hab. ?

There is no indication of any colour in this shell; it is of rather

light structure.

Conus prumBEvs. Con. testd turbinatd, subpyriformi, irregulariter

rugulosd et granosd, ceruleo-albd, olivaceo- aut violaceo-plumbeo

fasciatd et strigata; spird convexd, nodulis subtilibus coronatd,

albd, apice obtuso, rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide violaced.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 253.

Hab. ? ;

The wrinkles and irregular granules which cover the greater por-

tion of this specimen may not belong to the species, which is intro-

duced upon independent grounds ; namely, on account of the cross-

blotched style of painting characteristically exhibited on the under

side of the shell, the deep violet lining of the aperture, and the rose-

tinted apex upon a neatly coronated white spire.

179

Conus Broperirir. Con. testd tenuiculd, subinflatd, transversim

sulcatd, sulcis basim versus distinctioribus, subtilissime pertusis ;

pallidissime incarnato-albd, maculis aurantio-fuscescentibus inter

sulcos ornatd; spird planiusculd, spiraliter sulcatd, apice elato,

mucronato ; basi et aperture fauce pallide incarnato-rosed.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 254.

Hab. ?

I have much pleasure in dedicating this very chaste and beautiful

species to W. J. Broderip, Esq., F.R.S., a gentleman well known in

the conchological world, to whose zeal the country is much indebted

for this and many other valuable shells which adorn our national

collection.

Conus taurus. Con. testd turbinatd, tenuiculd, levigatd ; luted,

punctis grandibus fuscis, trifasciatim confusis, seriatim cinctd ;

spird obtuso-convead, strigis fuscis arcuatis ornatd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 255.

Hab. ?

‘Iam unable to connect this with any hitherto described species ;

it exhibits a bright display of colour, and must be a striking shell

in finer condition.

Conus amutus. Con. testd turbinatd, superne tumidiusculd, levi-

gatd, olivaceo-ceruled, olivaceo-fusco variegatd, teniatd, et macu-

lata ; spird subobtuso-elatd, suturis rudibus ; aperture fauce oli-

vaceo-fusco tinctd.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 256.

Hab. ?

This is another very richly coloured shell allied in some measure

to the Conus Guinaicus, but presenting a very different style of

painting.

Conus Grayr. Con. testd turbinatd, superné obesd, subpyriformi,

solidd, levigatd, basim versus liraté ; cesid, aut cinereo-ceruled,

maculis grandibus nigricantibus, undatis, sepissime bifasciatim

digestis, ornatd ; spird convexd, apice mucronato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 258.

Hab. ?

As our national Museum is indebted to Mr. Gray for this very in-

teresting new species, I have much pleasure in naming it after him.

Conus minutus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, pyramidali, levi-

gatd; incarnatd, fasciis duabus rubidis latissimis cinctd ; spird

elatd, anfractuum marginibus rubido-fusco maculatis.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 259.

Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies ; Guilding.

This is the smallest species of the genus, and quite peculiar in its

characters.

Conus pyemzus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, levi, inferne

sulcatd, sulcis prominentibus, subdistantibus ; pallide violaceo-albd,

strigis fuscis longitudinalibus, latis, undatis, punctorumque seriebus

180

transversis ornatd; spird quasi gradatim elatd, levi; aperture

Sauce rubido-violaced.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 260.

Hab. ?

The dark zigzag streaks in this little shell pass over the edges of

the whorls, leaving their ends visible on the spire.

Conus conspersus. Con. testd turbinatd, leviter inflatd, levi, basim

versus sulcatd ; pallidé luteold, maculis aurantio-fuscis variisque

irregulariter conspersis, lineis capillaribus confertis, undique

cinctd; spird convead, aurantio-fusco maculata.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 262.

Hab. ?

This species may be recognized by the fine hair lines with which

its entire surface is ornamented.

Conus arrenvatus. Con. testd gracile turbinatd, basim versus

attenuata, levi ; luted vel aurantio-fuscescente, strigis albidis per-

paucis latis undatis longitudinaliter ornatd ; spird depressd, acut-

anguld, aurantio-fuscescente alboque tessellatd, apice acutissimo,

elato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 263.

Hab. ?

The long, slender, sugar-loaf form of this shell is rather peculiar,

and it exhibits a style of painting which I do not remember to have

observed in varieties of any other species. :

Conus suxeus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcylindraced, levi,

basim versus subtiliter liratd ; luteo-fuscescente, filis fusco-punc-

tatis numerosis, confertis, cinctd ; spird elatd, anfractuum margi-

nibus subtilissime nodulosis, apice mucronato.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. £. 265.

Hab. ?

The Conus bueus is very closely allied to the Conus lignarius ; it

differs chiefly in being of a more elongated or fusiform shape, whilst

the spire is distinctly beaded and not canaliculated.

Conus nitipus. Con. testd éurbinatd, levi, nitidd, prope basim

subtilissime liratd ; aurantio-fuscescente, superne et median? exiliter

albimaculatd, lineis fuscis interruptis subdistantibus undique cinctd ;

spird subelatd, spiraliter striatd, apice pallidé rosaceo.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 266.

Hab. ?

The lines which encircle the entire surface of this delicate little

Cone are more particularly interrupted in passing over the faint spots

round the middle and upper part of the shell. The pink apex is very

characteristic.

Conus castus. Con. testd turbinatd, subinflatd, levi ; luted, lineis

perpaucis exilibus, subtilissime nigricante-punctatis, irregulariter

distantibus, cinctd ; spird levi, apice rosaceo.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 267.

Hab. ?

181

This is another very chaste and characteristic species, allied to the

Conus daucus.

Conus urratus. Con, testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, liris subpro-

minulis undique circumdatd ; albidd, maculis paucis aurantio-fuscis

longitudinaliter confluentibus biseriatim cinctd ; spird exsertd, no-

duliferd, apice pallidé rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide vio-

laceo-rosed.

Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 268.

Hab. ?

_ A very curious well-marked species, in excellent condition, which,

I believe, is at present unique in the unrivalled Cone-collection of

the Rey. F. J. Stainforth.

Genus PLevRoToma.

Prevrotoma pica. Pleur. testd crassd, obtuso-pyramidali, albd,

maculis fuscis, paucis, grandibus, subquadratis, irregulariter va-

riegatd ; anfractibus eleganter semicostatis, costis angustis, nume-

rosis ; superne levibus, concavis ; sinu lato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 8. f. 61.

Hab, Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming.

A very solid white shell, pied here and there with dark brown

blotches. :

PLEUROTOMA ALABASTER. Pleur. testd turritd, intis extisque ni-

ved, roseo interdum leviter tinctd, transversim subtilissimé sulcatd

et striatd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, superne subde-

pressis ; sinu lato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 8. f. 65.

Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (found in loose coral sand on

the reefs at low water) ; Cuming.

The sculpture of this shell is exceedingly delicate, the cross grooves

looking as if they had been graved with an etching-point.

Pievrotoma venusta. Pleur. tesid obeso-fusiformi, flavicante,

Susco-maculatd ; anfractibus rotundatis, transversim multicostatis,

oblique maculatis, superne depressis, maculis majoribus vivide pic-

tis ; canali elongato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 9. f. 79.

Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (found in coral sand on the

reefs at low water) ; Cuming.

This highly interesting shell, which is at present unique in Mr.

Cuming’s collection, differs materially, both in form and in the colour

and character of the marking, from any of its congeners.

Puevroroma EximiA. Pleur, testd gracile fusiformi, albd, anfrac-

tibus convewis, costis angustis longitudinalibus, striisque transversis

elevatis, eximié cancellatd ; sinu subindistincto; canali mediocri,

leviter tortuoso.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 82.

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found under stones at low

water); Cuming.

182

The canal of this Muriciform species, though somewhat indistinct,

fully entitles it to a place amongst the Pleurotome.

PLEUROTOMA ALBIBALTEATA. leur. testdé ovato-oblongd, luted,

albibalteatd, anfractibus convewis, transverse lineatis, longitudi-

naliter noduloso-costatis ; labro incrassato, sinu parvo ; canali brevi,

recurvo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 84.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found in sand at the depth of

six fathoms) ; Cuming.

The white belt which passes round each of the whorls of this shell

is of a peculiarly opaque nature. The ribs are more distant from each

other in some specimens than in others, and the lower part of the

last whorl is occasionally stained with dark brown.

Prrvrotoma T'r1ronorpEs. Pleur. testd subovali, apice acuto,

fulvd, pallide albifasciatd ; anfractibus convexis, costis longitudi-

nalibus, subtilissimé nodulosis, linets transversis elevatis eximie

cancellatis ; labro incrassato, sinu parvo ; canali brevi, subrecurvo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 85.

Hab. Bais, island of Negros, Philippines (found in coral sand at

the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

This shell is of a duller and more uniform colour than the prece-

ding ; the last whorl is more ventricose, and the longitudinal ribs are

finer and more numerous.

PLEUROTOMA ABBREVIATA. Pleur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, c@e-

ruleo-albd, nigro maculatd et punctatd ; anfractibus medio angulato-

carinatis, carind medio partitd, superne depressis, funiculo maximo

nigro-maculato cingulatis, inferne multifuniculatis, funiculis mi-

noribus nigro lineatis et punctatis ; canali vix elongato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 86.

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the reefs at low

water) ; Cuming.

A very interesting species, which looks at first sight like a broken

portion of the P/. tigrina. A number of specimens were collected

by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned island.

PLEUROTOMA BIJUBATA. Pleur. testd cylindraceo-pyramidali, fuscd,

Suscescente carinatd ; anfractibus convexis, equidistanter carinatis,

carinis duabus centralibus jubatis ; aperturd brevi; canali brevis-

simo.

Conch. Icon, Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 87.

Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found under stones at low

water); Cuming.

Of the two crested keels which encircle this very characteristic

species, the upper one is the more faintly developed.

PLEUROTOMA PLANILABRUM. Pleur. testd ovato-oblongd, apice

acuto’; rubido-fuscd ; anfractibus convezis, transverse lineatis, lon-

gitudinaliter costatis, costis fere obsoletis ; aperturd oblongd, labro

plano, rubido, intis denticulato ; canalt brevissimo.

183

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 88.

Hab. Sibonga, island of Zebu, Philippines (found under stones at

low water) ; Cuming.

The posterior extremity of the lip in this shell is acuminated to a

sharp point.

Pievrotoma corusca. Pleur. testdé subpyramidali, valde politd ;

anfractibus superne planis, fusco alboque nebulosis, inferne leviter

prominentioribus, punctis fuscis irregularibus cingulatis, anfractu

ultimo punctorum seriebus duabus cingulato ; aperturd brevi ; canali

brevissimo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 89.

Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming.

Two specimens only of this shell were found by Mr. Cuming on

the reefs at the above-mentioned island.

Prrvrotoma Harrorpiana. Pleur. testd obeso-pyramidali; an-

fractibus nigerrimis, in medio luteo-balteatis, convexis, transversim

subtilissimé striatis, superne depressiusculis, serie unicd nodulorum

ornatis, infra noduloso-costatis ; aperturd breviusculd ; sinu parvo,

rotundato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 11. f.93.

Hab. ?

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to its possessor,

an intelligent conchologist, and one highly worthy of remembrance.

The yellow belt which passes round the middle of each whorl has a

strikingly neat appearance.

Pirvrotoma Perroni. Pleur. testd fusiformi, turritd, leviusculd,

pallide luted ; anfractibus planis, superné leviter angulatis, ultimo

inferné coarctato, transversim lirato, liris regularibus, subdistan-

tibus ; sinu subcentrali ; canali subelongato, recto.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 11. f. 94.

Murex Perron, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 164. f. 1578.

Hab. ?

This interesting shell has been confounded by Lamarck with the

P. spirata, It differs from that species in being more erect and fu-

siform, in the sutures of the whorls being less deeply channeled, and

in the lower portion of the last whorl being crossed with about four

or five narrow, well-developed ridges.

Pievrotoma pLureata. Pleur. testd fusiformi, gracili, fulvd ;

anfractibus convexis, pluteo superné ornatis, medio nodulis albidis

catenulatis, infra subtilissime sulcatis ; sinu lato ; canali elongato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 12. f. 101.

Hab. ?

The shelf which passes round the upper portion of the whorls is

not less characteristic of this species than the delicate chain of white

nodules which encompass the centre.

Prevrotoma mystica. Pleur. testé abbreviato-fusiformi, rubido-

fused ; anfractibus superne concavis, striatis, infra angulatis, tu-

184

berculis albis, connatis, ad angulum acute carinatis ; anfractu

ultimo inferne nodulorum seriebus plurimis cingulato.

Conch. Icon., Plewrotoma, pl. 12. f. 107.

Hab. ?

Chiefly distinguished by the white turreted keel.

Prevrotoma Puruipprinensis. Pleur. testdé ovato-turritd, ventri-

cosd, subpellucidd, albidd ; anfractibus sex septemve, longitudina-

liter costatis, costis eximiis, subcompressis, subdistantibus, nigro

aut fusco alboque varie pictd; transversim liratis, liris minutis,

subcontiguis, numerosis ; columelld subtortuosd ; aperturd ovatd,

ampld ; canali brevissimo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 13. f. 109.

Hab. Islands of Masbate and Luzon, Philippines (found under

stones at low water) ; Cuming.

It is impossible to do justice, either by figure or description, to

this very delicate and beautiful species, the chief peculiarity of which

is the black and opaque white irregularly-variegated blotching of the

ribs. Several specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-

mentioned islands, varying more or less in the number and proximity

of their ribs: one or two specimens have as many as sixteen ribs on

the last whorl,—twelve to fourteen is the average number.

Purvroroma Rissorpes. Pleur. testd elongato-ovali, levi, nitente,

semipellucidd, albicante, fulvo pallidissime nebulosé strigatd ; an-

Fractibus septem, tribus longitudinaliter plicatis ; apice rubello ;

columelld spiraliter tortuosd; canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo ;

labro subincrassato, intiis eximie denticulato, sinu parvo, distincto.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 18. f. 111.

Hab. fs

This species reminds me somewhat of the Rissva deformis ; the first

whorl or two are plaited as in that shell, the surface is moreover

smooth and shining, and they bear a general resemblance to each

other in size. The apex of this shell is peculiar in being pink, whilst

there is not the least indication of that colour in any other part.

Prevrotoma Bonouensis. Pleur. testd subelongatd, tenui, sub-

pellucidd, albidd, fulvo subindistincté virgatd ; anfractibus octo,

transversim lineatis et liratis, striis quoque subtilissime reticulatis ;

columella spiraliter tortuosd ; canali brevissimo, paululiim recurvo ;

labro simplici, acuto, sinu parvo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 13. f. 112.

Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones on the reefs

at low water) ; Cuming.

This shell, which is of a much thinner and slighter composition

than either of the two preceding ones, is very finely reticulated over

with strie; and it has a number of lines and ridges running trans-

versely across the whorls, but none longitudinally.

PLevROTOMA GRACILENTA. Pleur. testd gracillime fusiformi, fulvd,

anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis leviter

nodulosis, striis elevatiusculis transversis decussatis ; labro sub-

flewuoso, sinu lato ; canali breviusculo.

185

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 114.

Hab. Loay, island of Bohol, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud

at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming.

A shell of simple character, unlike any hitherto-described species,

though not presenting any very striking peculiarity.

Pievrotoma prssuLatTa. Pleur. testd subacuto-fusiformi, fulvd

vel cinered, anfractibus leviter convexis, longitudinaliter costatis,

costis subdistantibus, striis transversis subobsoletis decussatis ;

labro tenui, sinu parvo ; canali breviusculo, subrecurvo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 115.

Hab. Bolinao, island of Luzon, Philippines (dredged from sandy

mud at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming.

Although the ribs in this species are comparatively distant from

each other, they vary considerably in this respect in different indi-

viduals ; the more elongated the shell, the closer the ribs, as shown

by the specimens figured.

Pievrotoma conrracta. Pleur. testd elongato-ovatd, albidd ; an-

Fractibus plano-convexis, superne contractis, costellis longitudina-

libus numerosis, striisque transversis elevatis eximié reticulatis ;

sinu lato, canali brevi.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 116.

Hab. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao, Philip-

pines (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ;

Cuming.

This species may be recognized by the peculiar contraction of the

whorls near the suture ; the sculpture is not much unlike that of the

C. gracilenta.

PLEUROTOMA CEDO-NULLI. Pleur. testd lanceolato-fusiformi, eximie

turritd, apice acuto; griseo-albicante ; anfractibus in medio valde

carinatis, carind compressd, pereleganter diadematd ; sinu amplo,

canali longissimo.

Conch. Icon., Plewrotoma, pl. 14. f. 117.

Hab. Bay of Panama (found in sandy mud at the depth of ten

fathoms) ; Cuming.

Although this beautiful little shell has not reached its mature

growth, I do not hesitate to publish it as a new species; the curious

diadem of sharp flattened processes, which forms so striking a pecu-

liarity, is somewhat like that of the Fusus pagodus, Lesson, figured

by Kiener, pl. 5. f.2. The sinus is rather large, and the sinuated

strie on the upper part of the whorls distinctly exhibit the traces of

its earlier formation throughout their several volutions.

PLEUROTOMA CRASSILABRUM. Pleur. testd ovato-turritd, flavicante,

Susco ceruleoque varie zonatd; anfractibus convexis, superne le-

vibus, infra tuberculato-costatis, costis striis transversis elevatius-

culis decussatis ; aperturd brevi, subrotundatd ; canali brevi, sub-

tortuoso ; labro valde incrassato, varicoso, intis acuto, sinu rotun-

dato.

186

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 118 b & c.

Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming.

Var. 3. Testa incolorata, striis transversis fere obsoletis.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 118 a.

Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud at

the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

The blue and brown colouring of the first variety is very conspi-

cuous between the ribs. The var. (3, which is colourless, seems to

have a thin epidermis upon it.

Prrurotoma Hinpsu. Pleur. testd ovatd, subinflatd, albidd, fus-

cescente pallide variegatd ; anfractibus costis duabus, ultimo costis

quatuor, distantibus, cingulatis, costellis numerosis, compressis,

eximié cancellatis ; aperturd ovatd ; canali brevi.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 119.

Hab. Baclayon, island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones

on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming.

This beautifully cancellated shell is closely allied to the P. tricos-

tata; the ribs, however, are more in number and less prominent.

Each whorl exhibits four transverse ribs on its formation, the two

lower being concealed in all but the last whorl by the lodgement of

one whorl upon the other. The cancellated spaces formed over the

surface of the shell by the longitudinal ribs crossing the transverse

ones seem slightly concave, and have a very characteristic appear-

ance.

By the above title I wish to honour and keep in remembrance the

name of my liberal friend Richard Brinsley Hinds, Esq., R.N., on

account of the services he is at this moment rendering to concholo-

gical science by his cautious examination and description of the new

shells collected by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher and himself during the

late prolific expedition of H.M.S. Sulphur.

PLEUROTOMA LACTEA. Fleur. testd ovato-oblongd, tenui, subinflatd,

lacted, costis carinisve rotundatis striisque exilibus cinctd ; labro

simplici, acuto ; sinu parvo ; aperturd ovatd, canali brevissimo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 15. f. 128.

Hab. Bolinao, island of Luzon, and Gindulman, island of Bohol,

Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming.

PLEUROTOMA BREVICAUDATA. Pleur. testé abbreviato-fusiformi,

solidd, luteold, apice basique fuscescentibus ; anfractibus convevis,

superne unicarinatis, infra bicarinatis, anfractu ultimo multicari-

nato ; labro simplici, acuto; sinu amplo ; aperturd parvd, brevi,

canal breviusculo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 15. f. 126.

Hab. Island of Ticao (found on the reefs) ; Cuming.

This shell reminds one somewhat of the P. jubata, but has no in-

dication of the pretty beaded crest which distinguishes that species.

PiEvROTOMA bDieiTaLE. Pleur. testd obeso-oblongd, nigerrimo-

Suscescente, apicem versus incoloratd ; anfractibus convevis, tuber-

187

culis albidis minutis seriatim clathratis ; aperturd breviusculd, sinu

lato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 138.

Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found under stones at low

water); Cuming.

The sculpture of this shell reminds one of the pimpled surface of

a thimble.

Prrvrotoma HastuLa. Pleur. testd elongato-fusiformi, solidius-

culd, albidd, fuscescente sparsim maculatd ; anfractibus liris sub-

tilissimis numerosis cinctis, lird centrali lirisque superis majoribus,

prominentibus ; canali gracili, fissurd profundd.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 1389.

Hab. ? ;

This species is chiefly characterized by the stout double ridge that

encircles each whorl near the suture, and by the central ridge that

is formed in place of the slit as the shell advances in growth.

Puevroroma cuprea. Pleur. testdé acuminato-turritd, anfractibus

superne depressis, fuscescentibus, liris nodulosis, subfleauosis, di-

stantibus, longitudinalibus, ornatis ; aperturd brevi, sinu lato.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 140.

Hab. ?

The little dark brown flexuous ridges, passing down the whorls of

a much lighter brown, have a neat and conspicuous appearance.

Pievrotoma varicosa. Fleur. testd acuminato-turritd, anfracti-

bus superne levibus, infra longitudinaliter costatis, costis subirre-

gularibus, griseis, interstitiis griseo-ceruleis, transversim striatis,

varicibus rudibus lutescentibus grandibus sparsis peculiariter no-

tatis ; canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo ; sinu lato, subprofundo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 141.

Hab. Calapan, island of Mindoro, Philippines (found in coarse

sand at the depth of fifteen fathoms) ; Cuming.

Var. 3. Testa omnind fusca.

Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the

depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming.

This species may be easily recognized by its prominent display of

varices.

PrEevRoTOMA caRBoNARIA. Pleur. testd turritd, carbonarid; an-

fractibus prope suturas depressis, levibus, infra costatis, costis

angustis, distantibus, nodulosis ; columella callositate superné mu-

nitd ; canali brevi ; sinu latissimo, profundo.

Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 145.

Hab. G

All the specimens I have seen of this dark Melania-like species

have the apex cither decorticated or broken away, an indication of

their living in brackish water.

188

Genus Pectuncu.uvs.

Precruncvtus spurcus. Pect. testd subquadrato-ovali, gibbd, glauco-

Suscd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis numerosis, angustis, subtilis-

sime striatis ; umbonibus albicantibus, obliquis.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. £. 36.

Hab. Bay of San Carlos (found in coarse sand at the depth of six-

teen fathoms) ; Cuming.

The width of this little species from the umbones to the margin is

comparatively shorter than that of any other species.

PectuncuLus Prertusus. ect. testd orbiculari, alba, fusco unda-

tim pictd ; radiatim costatd, costis subtilissime pertusis ; umbonibus

centralibus.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. f. 37.

Hab. Islands of Mindanao and Luzon, Philippines (found in coarse

sand at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming,

This interesting little species presents a marked peculiarity in the

ribs being finely pricked on each side. Two or three specimens only

were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned islands.

Prctruncutus ocuatus. Pect. testd sub-Pectiniformi, radiatim

costatd, fusca, maculis albis, superné nigro-marginatis, sparsim

et irregulariter ornatd ; umbonibus centralibus, subobliquis.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. £. 38.

Hab. West Indies.

The ground-colour of this shell being a very dark chestnut-brown,

the scattered white spots or spaces have a very prominent appear-

ance. Since the specimen above described was figured, M. Deshayes

has kindly lent me a specimen in which the white spaces are con-

siderably larger and more characteristic; and I have also had the

pleasure of examining a specimen of exceeding beauty, in the col-

lection of M. Delessert, whose kindness in allowing me to have a

drawing made of it was unfortunately too late to be of service.

Pectruncutus canceLuatus. Pect. testd oblique Pectiniformi, striis

subtilissime cancellatd ; albd, epidermide luted holosericd partim

indutd ; umbonibus prominentibus, centralibus.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. f. 39.

Hab. Singapore (found in sandy mud at the depth of seven to ten

fathoms) ; Cuming.

This little shell is very thin and fragile, and perfectly white; the

entire surface being delicately cancellated and covered towards the

margin with a thick pale yellow epidermis. There is no possibility

of confounding it with any other species.

PrcruncuLus morum. Pect. testd sub-Pectiniformi, pallidé pur-

pureo-rubrd, maculis rubidis elongatis sparsim et irregulariter

pictd ; radiatim costatd, costis levibus ; umbonibus subcentralibus.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. £. 40.

Hab. Madagascar ?

A very pretty species, in which the ribs radiate somewhat more

189

obliquely than usual; the general appearance of the shell is not

much unlike that of the P. tessellatus ; it is however lighter and more

depressed, with colour and spotting of somewhat different character.

Precruncutus Sicutus. Pect. testd orbiculari, depressiusculd, sub-

equilaterali, longitudinaliter sulcatd et striatd ; rubido-castaned,

fusco transversim zonatd, zonis sepe obscuris ; umbonibus teste

junioris interdum albimaculatis.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. f. 41.

Pectunculus glycimeris, Lamarck, Philippi.

Testa junior.

Arca bimaculata, Poli.

Hab. Mediterranean, coast of Sicily.

Having adopted the old P. glycimeris of British authors, I distin-

guish the P. glycimeris of Lamarck by the above new title. Through

some unaccountable neglect, these two very different shells have been

hitherto published under the same title, and it is hoped that this

present amendment will be appreciated.

Precruncuius perpix. FPect. testd orbiculato-cordatd, subauritda,

radiatim costatd ; costis planulatis, subindistinctis, longitudinaliter

striatis, strigis rubido-fuscis, transversis, angulato-undatis, pro-

Suse pictis.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 8. f. 46.

Hab. Straits of Malacca (found in mud at the depth of seventeen

fathoms) ; Hinds.

The form of this shell approximates very closely to that of the

Pectunculus zonalis, but the painting of it is of a very different cha-

racter. The beautiful specimen here figured, collected by Sir E. Bel-

cher, is the only example of the species I have seen, with the excep-

tion of a small, worn, odd valve in the collection of M. Deshayes.

Prectuncuuus spapiceus. fect. testd orbiculari, radiatim striata,

pallide spadiced, umbones versus albd, strigis latis, updatis, ornatd ;

epidermide holosericd ; intus albd, margine ewiliter crenulato.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 8. f. 47.

Hab. ?

There is no very striking peculiarity in this species, although it is

too distinct from any other to require comparison. I have seen se-

veral specimens of it, both in London and Paris, but have not suc-

ceeded in obtaining its true locality.

PectuncuLus rorMosus. ect. testd lenticulari, subdepressd, vel

levi vel subobscure radiata, subtilissimé concentricé striatd ; luteo-

lacted, maculis sparsis violaceo-purpureis, longitudineliter inqui-

natis, formose pictd.

Conch. Jcon., Pectunculus, pl. 8. f. 48.

Hab. ?

There are two or three specimens of this handsome shell at Paris,

both in the collection at the Jardin des Plantes and in that of

M. Delessert.

190

Pectuncuuus sericatus. Pect. testd orbiculari, Pectiniformi, de-

pressiusculd, albidd, rosaceo-fusco sparsim tinctd et maculata,

epidermide sericé crassd indutd ; radiatim sulcatd, sulcis subdi-

stantibus ; intus albd.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 9. f. 49.

Hab. Island of Tortola, West Indies.

This exceedingly delicate shell is remarkable for its glossy silken

epidermis; the hinge-shelf in the interior of each valve is nearly as

broad and solid as that of the Pectunculus strigilatus, and the teeth

are as closely set; the shell altogether exhibits many characters in

common with that species, but no indication of the peculiar manner

in which it is attenuated towards the umbones.

This is the only specimen I have seen at present.

Precruncutus tivipus. Pect. testd orbiculari, tumidd, inequilate-

rali, antice angulatd ; longitudinaliter radiatd, radiis latis, eleva-

tiusculis, subtilissime striatis, rubido-fuscis, marginem versus livido-

cesiis, epidermide pilosd plus minusve indutis; radiis anticis

creberrimis ; umbonibus recte incurvis, maculis albidis perpaucis

circumsparsis ; intus albd, medio purpureo-nigricante tinctd et

maculata.

Conch, Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 9. f. 51.

Hab. Red Sea.

The general outline of this fine species is exactly the same as

that of a worn discoloured shell figured in Chenu’s ‘ Recueil de

Coquilles’ in illustration of the Pectunculus undulatus of Lamarck, a

species which I cannot identify ; its detail of character is however

quite at variance with the description. ‘‘ The longitudinal grooves

of the P. undulatus,’ says Lamarck, ‘‘ are very apparent,” whilst this

shell, which is in the finest possible condition, cannot be said to be

grooved at all, the elevated rays are so superficial. ‘There is also

no indication of any waved spots on the body of the shell, nor of any

streaks on either side of the ligamentary area ; the rays are moreover

characterizedgby a particular style of grey livid painting, which is

unquestionably of great specific importance.

Precruncutus Dezssertit. ect. testd orbiculari, tumidiusculd,

subsolidd, inequilaterali, altitudine longitudinem equante ; radiatim

sulcatd, sulcis numerosis, profundis, subtilissime striatis, liris in-

termediis sublilissime granuloso-corrugatis, longitudinaliter in-

cisis ; albd, fasciis pluribus aurantio-brunneis transversim undatd,

intervallis fusco lineato-punctatis ; intus albd, antice rubido-purpu-

reo tinctd.

Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 9. f. 52.

Hab. ?

I have named this beautiful shell, at the desire of Mr. Cuming,

after the very highly-respected individual to whom he is indebted

for it; though it is not without feeling some degree of compunction

that the peculiarities above noted may be merely certain modified

conditions of the Pectunculus assimilis. It is true that the shell is

rounder and more swollen, and consequently without that angular

191

attenuation which throws the umbones into an oblique direction and

contracts the ligamentary area in the P. assimilis; there are more-

over nine or ten well-developed ridges in the shell under considera-

tion, whilst in that under comparison there are not more than five

or six, and the internal marginal denticulations are consequently

narrower and more numerous. Future discoveries can alone decide

whether these are constant differences or casual modifications.

Genus Carpita.

Carpita RADULA. Card. testé subquadrato-oblongd, allidd, de-

pressd, costis tribus et viginti, rubido-fuscis, imbricato-squamosis,

squamis fornicatis, semi-erectis, subacutis ; costarum interstitiis

crenulatis ; margine crenato.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 1. f. 2.

Hab. 2

There are two or three more ribs in this shell than in the follow-

ing; the dark spots are more numerous, of a reddish instead of a

bluish brown, and not of that peculiar half-moon shape, and the

scales are more vaulted and erect.

Carpira pica. Card. testd elongato-ovatd, gibbd, alba, nigro aut

fusco varie inquinatd ; costis septemdecim sedecimve, in medio

angulatis, subtiliter squamosis ; intus alba, postice nigerrimo-

Sused.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 2. f. 8.

Hab, Island of Guimaras, Philippines (found under stones at low

water) ; Cuming.

There is a peculiarity in the shape and blotching of this shell

which entitles it to be distinguished as a new species. Several

specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned

island, singularly agreeing in respect to these characters.

CarpiTa GuBERNACcULUM. Card. testa ovato-oblongd, depressd,

anticé brevissimd, angustd, posticé latissimé rotundatd, subalatd ;

brunned, luteo purpureogue umbones versus tinctd ; costis plus

minusve squamosis, superioribus perpaucis, majoribus, inferiori-

bus angustis numerosis ; intus brunned, anticé albicante.

Var. B. Testa alba, fusco via tincta,

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 3. f. 9.

Hab. Zanzibar.

This is the nearest allied species to the C. semi-orbiculata; the

dark variety might indeed be easily mistaken for it, were it not for

the scales and peculiar elongation of the ventral portion of the shell.

Carpita MARMOREA. Card. testd elliptico-ovatd, postice rotun-

datd, anticé peculiariter brevi ; lacted, nigro wmbones versus ma-

culatd ; costis quindecim sedecimve, recto-elongatiusculé radian-

tibus, latescentibus ; anticis crenatis, intus eburned.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 5. f. 12.

Hab. New Holland.

192

This shell may be recognised by its peculiarly narrow elongated

form, the ligamental area describing a complete angle with the an-

terior ; the ribs do not radiate from the umbones in a curved direc-

tion, as in the preceding species, but are nearly straight.

CarpiTa pistorta. Card. testd elongato-ovatd, valdé gibbosd,

peculiariter distortd, luteolé ; costis duodecim aut plurimis, sub-

squamosis, inferioribus planiusculis.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f.13.

Hab. Red Sea; Riippell.

There are several specimens of this curious species in Mr. Cu-

ming’s collection, all singularly distorted in the same manner.

Carpita Senecatensis. Card, testd oblonga, elongato-ovatd,

Sulvd, epidermide fusca indutd ; costis quindecim sedecimve, squa-

mosis, squamis incumbentibus.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f. 16.

Le jéson? Adanson.

Hab. Senegal.

This shell, which I know to have been brought from Senegal by

M. Rang, approaches nearer to the figure and description of Le

jéson of Adanson than any that has been hitherto assigned to it.

Carpira votucris. Card. testd elongatd, posticé valde gibbosd,

angulatd, anticé brevi et coarctato-acuminatd ; viridescente albidd,

postice mgrd nigroque maculatd; costis septemdecim, anticis

planulatis, marginem versus evanidis; posticis angulatis, hinc

alline obsoleté squamosis.

Conch, Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f. 20.

Hab. ?

Care should be taken not to confound this species with the young

of the C. pectunculus. It is a solid well-developed shell, and never

exceeds an inch to an inch and a half in length.

Carpira cipposa. Card. testd ovato-oblongd, solidd, gibbosd ;

albd, costis septemdecim, fusco-variegatis, transversim radiantibus,

rotundatis, exiliter nodulosis.

Conch, Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f. 21.

Hab. ?

This is a solid gibbous shell, the anterior side of which is not so

short as in most of the oblong species of the genus.

Carpita niT1DA. Card, testd subquadrato-ovali, eburned, maculis

cesis variegatd ; costis duabus vel tribus et viginti, posticis pre-

cipué crenatis, interstitiis lineis cesiis angularibus ornatis.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 6. f. 27.

Var. B. Testa maculis rubidis.

Hab. Misamis, isle of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud

at the depth of twenty-five fathoms); Cuming.

This pretty shell is remarkable on account of the posterior ribs

being more strongly crenated than the anterior.

193

Carpira ovatus. Card. testd ovatd, rubido-brunned, maculis albis

sparsim variegatd ; costis octodecim aut novemdecim, crenatis ;

posticis levigatis, interstitiis lineis angularibus ornatis ; lunuld

distinctd.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 6. f. 28.

Var. B. Testa alba, maculis ce@siis variegata.

Hab. Isle of Corrigidor, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the

depth of seven fathoms); Cuming.

I was at one time disposed to consider this species as merely a

variety of the preceding. Upon comparison and close examination,

they were, however, found to differ in several not unimportant par-

ticulars; the posterior ribs of the C. ovalis are smooth, they are

altogether fewer in number, the umbones are less incurved, and there

is a flat indented lunule beneath them, of which I find no indication

in the C. nitida.

Carpita tacunosa. Card. testd subovatd, radiatim costatd, costis

und vel duabus et viginti, elevatis, vald@ compressis, subtiliter

muricato-squamosis ; interstitiis latiusculis, lacunato-excavatis ;

albd, aredé posticali nigerrimo-fuscd.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 7. f. 31.

Hab. g

The prickly scales which surmount the singularly compressed

ribs of this shell are placed at equal distances from each other,

whilst each rib is in a manner festooned from one scale to the other,

like a miniature series of inverted arches.

Carpira canaticutata. Card. testd suborbiculatd, luteold, fusco

varié zonatd ; radiatim costatd, costis und vel duabus et viginti,

lateraliter compressis, annulato-serratis, interstitiis eaxcavato-

canaliculatis ; intus albidd, fusco pallide tinctd.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 8. f. 40.

Hab, Philippine Islands ; Cuming.

The leading features of this species are its rounded form, and the

peculiar manner in which the interstices between the ribs are chan-

neled out.

Carpira ancisutcata. Card. tesld ovatd, rubido-fusco tinctd et

variegatd ; radiatim costatd, costis und vel duabus et viginti, pla-

nis, latiusculis, approximatis, interstitiis angustis, profundeé in-

cisis ; costis umbones versus annulato-serratis, hine illine squa-

miferis, squamis erectis.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 8. f. 41.

Hab. 2

This species may be easily recognized by the narrow and deeply-

cut interstices between the ribs, which are unusually flat towards

the margin.

Carpira sEMEN. Card. testd ovatd, subcompressd, tenui, radiatim

costatd, costis plano-convexis ; olivaceo-fuscd.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 48.

194

Hab. Mexillones, Desert of Atacarna, Bolivia (found at the depth

of three fathoms); Cuming.

This minute species is the smallest of the genus; it looks like a

little radiated seed.

Carpira noputosa. Card. testd ovatd, solidd, radiatim costatd,

costis duabus vel tribus et viginti, compressis, regulariter nodu-

losis; lutescente-albd, prope marginem aurantio tinctd.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 44.

Hab. Sicily ?

This shell may be recognized by the compressed character of the

ribs, and the very regular manner in which they are noduled.

Carpita navirormis. Card. testd trapexio-ovatd, subcompressd,

latere postico elongato-recto ; radiatim costatd, costis paululdm

curvatis, squamosis ; fuscescente.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 45.

Hab. Valparaiso, South America (dredged from sandy mud at the

depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.

The shape of this little species is peculiar, though it approaches

in great measure to that of the C. trapezia.

Carpira compressa. Card. testd suborbiculari, solidd, valde com-

pressd, epidermide olivaced indutd ; radiatim costatd, costis levi-

bus, planiusculis, interstitiis angustis.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 46.

Hab, Valparaiso, South America (dredged from coarse sand at

the depth of from twenty to sixty fathoms); Cuming.

Several specimens of this little species were found by Mr. Cuming

at the great depth above-mentioned; it has the appearance of the

C. borealis in miniature.

CarpITA FLABELLUM. Card, testd flabelliformi, radiatim costatd,

costis leviter serratis ; olivaceo-fuscd.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 47.

Hab. Valparaiso, South America; Cuming.

The peculiar fan-shape of this minute species distinguishes it in

an eminent degree from any hitherto described.

Carpita TecuLata. Card. tesid subflabelliformi, radiatim costatd,

costis decem vel undecim, prominentibus, subtiliter squamulosis.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 48.

Hab. Valparaiso, South America (dredged from the depth of

twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming.

The sculpture of this shell reminds one of a tiled roof.

Carvita Carpioiwrs. Card. testd globosd, Carduformi, radiatim

costatd, costis rotundatis, regulariter nodulosis, interstitiis sub-

profunde incisis; albidd vel aurantid, strigis auwrantis latis,

transversis, vividé ornatd.

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 49.

195

Hab. Islands of Corrigidor and Luzon, Philippines (dredged from

coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming.

A very pretty, round, solid species, looking more like a Cardiwm

externally than a Cardita.

Carvira FasuLa. Card. testd oblongo-ovatd, latere postico la-

tiore, radiatim costatd, costis subangulatis ; albd, fusco sparsim

maculatd ; intus albd, posticé fusco-tinctd,

Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 50.

Hab. Island of Alboran.

The locality above-mentioned is attached in manuscript to a num-

ber of specimens of this little shell in the British Museum from

Mr. Broderip’s celebrated collection.

Genus CypricarpDIA.

Cypricarpia serrata. Cypr. testd subquadrato-ovatd, subflexuoso-

distortd, incrementi gradibus laminis fragilibus numerosis, ex-

iliter serratis, peculiariter notatis, interstitus subtilissime radiatum .

sulcatis ; pallidé rosaced, intus vivide purpured.

Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 1. f. 5.

Hab. 4

No figure nor description can do justice to this beautiful shell, so

remarkable on account of the delicacy of the pink serrated lamine.

Cypricarpia pecussata. Cypr. testd elongato-ovatd, regulariter

convead, tenui, albd, semipellucidd, striis exilibus, undulatis, ele-

vatis, obliqué decussatis, ornatd.

Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 1. f. 6.

Hab. 2

This is evidently one of the terebrating species, belonging to that

section of the genus which De Blainville distinguishes by the new

generic title of Coralliophaga.

The term decussated is here used in its strictest and proper sense,

signifying oblique crossing, as in the letter X.

CypricarpIA VELLICATA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, compressd,

prope marginem ventralem anticam peculiariter vellicatd; albd,

latere postico purpureo-fusco plus minusve vividé radiato ; umbo-

nibus purpureo-fuscis.

Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 7.

Hab. Calbyog, island of Samar, Philippines (found on soft slaty

stones at low water); Cuming.

This interesting species, which has been found in great abundance

by Mr. Cuming at the above locality, is distinguished not only by

the purple-brown streaks which are more or less strongly depicted

on the posterior side of the shell, but by the peculiar manner in

which it is pinched, as it were, near the anterior ventral margin.

CypricarpIA INCARNATA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui, plano-

convexd, liris planis subtilissimis numerosis ab umbonibus undu-

latim divergentibus, eximié notald ; albidd, postice incarnald,

196

Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 8.

fab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found under a stone at low

water); Cuming.

The surpassing delicacy of the ridges is exceedingly characteristic

in this species ; instead of looking raised upon the surface, they have

all the appearance of undulating rays of light.

CypricarDIA Laminata. Cypr. testd trapezio-oblongd, tenui, albd,

latere pustico valde latiore, rotundato, compresso, laminis duabus

vel tribus elenatis subdistantibus fimbriato.

Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 9.

Hab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacific Ovean (found at the depth of

five fathoms piercing, and partially imbedded in, the Avicula mar-

garitifera) ; Cuming.

This peculiarly shaped shell exhibits the same kind of delicate

marginal frill of Jamina as the well-known Cypricardia corallio-

phaga, and belongs to a mollusk of the same terebrating habits. The

shells of terebrating mollusks vary so exceedingly in form, accord-

ing to circumstances of situation, &c., that were the C. laminala not

entirely destitute of the fine radiating striaz which characterise the

C. coralliophaga, it might be regarded as a modification of that

species.

Cypricarpia opesa. Cypr, lestd subquadrato-ovatd, valdé gibbosd,

tunudd, latere postico suboblique angulato ; longitudinaliter stri-

ald, striis profunde incisis ; lutescente-albd.

Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 10.

Hab.

This remarkable shell may be easily recognized by its stout

swollen formation ; it differs materially in this respect from its near-

est allied species the C. Guinaica, as well as in the absence of any

nodulous divergent striz. ‘The ridges between the longitudinal

striz in these species are singularly opposite: in the Cypricardia

obesa they are sharp and parallel to each other; in the Cypricardia

Guinaica they are rounded and irregularly waved. Ditferences in

regard to colour are also conspicuous, for the shell under consider-

ation exhibits no indication of pink in the interior, but 2 kind of

a burnt reddish-yellow tinge around the posterior muscular cicatrix.

Cypricarpia Sorenowes. Cypr. testd angustatd, Soleniformi,

latere postico plano-angulato ; albd, posticé purpurco-fusco obso-

leté radiatd ; umbonibus purpureo-fuscis ; intus albd, ad extremi-

tatem posticam purpureo-violaceo tinctd,

Conch, Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 11.

Hab. Calbayog, island of Samar, Philippines (found piercing soft

slaty rocks ; low water); Cuming.

The Cypricardia Solenoides, though approximating greatly in form

to the Cypricardia coralliophaga, differs materially in structure and

composition ; the two species indeed exhibit all the differences upon

which De Blainville founded his genus Coralliophaga. Instead of

197

presenting that pellucid tenuity which seems peculiar to the tere-

brating species, it is of the same solid opake structure as the Cypri-

cardia vellicata, the umbones have the same purplish-brown patch

upon them, and there is an evident indication of the same posterior

streaks of that colour.

“ Descriptions of new species of Navicella, Neritina, Nerita, and

Natica, in the cabinet of H. Cuming, Esq.,” by C. A. Récluz.

1°. Genre NavicEecta, Lamarck,

1. Navicerta Cooxu. Nav. testd ellipticd, antice angustald,

convead, tenuiusculd, transversim crebré striatd, subepidermide

olivaceo-lutescente, superne carned, lineolis transversis creberrimis

lineas latiusculas efformantibus reticulatd ; interstitiis maculis

oblongo-acutis lutescentibus, superioribus interdum latioribus

pictd ; apice submarginali, integerrimo ; aperturd c@erulescente,

ints croced ; labio luteo-fuscescente.

Var. 3. Testd carneo-violacescente, fasciis nigris radiantibus, basi

ac lateraliter ramosis, lineis transversis nullis ; aperturd intuis

croceo maculgtd ; maculd nigro late marginatd.

Hab. “ \sland of Johanna, one of the estas islands ; found in

a small stream by the Rev. W. V. Hennah.” H. Cuming.

Dimensions.—Long. 214 a 25 mill.; larg. 10 a 19 mill. ; convex.

82 a 105 mill.

"Cette Navicelle est trés rapprochée de la Nav. La Perousei (Ré-

cluz) et nous l’aurions confondue volontiers avec elle si son opercule,

tout a fait différent, ne nous avait fait rechercher avec plus d’assiduité

des caractéres exclusifs entre les coquilles. La Nav. de Cook a le

test plus mince, nullement corrodé en dessus, bien que privée d’épi-

derme dans cette partie de la coquille qui a voisine le soumet ;

les stries sont mieux marquées ; son cété antérieur rétrécé et comme

comprimé de part et d’autre; son intérieur est privé du reflet cuivré

dont l'autre est pourvu. Enfin son opercule, presque de méme

forme que celui de la Nav. de La Pérouse, est noiratre et non blanch-

atre, plus profondément échancré au cété antérieur. La cété ou

apophyse dentaire droite et plate en dessus est coupée droitement a

sa terminaison ; tandis qu’elle est amincée, presque aigué a sa marge

supérieure, comme le tranchant d un couteau, dans son étendue et

un peu tuberculeuse a sa base. La marge externe du cédté de

lapophyse est rayonnie de stries fines et a bord entier, et non pro-

fondément striée ni crénelée a |’extérieur. Son impression muscu-

laire représente une figure carré-long, une fois plus large que longue,

de couleur noire, et est marquée de stries longitudinales légéres

ondées et rapprochées. Sur l’opercule de la Nav. de La Pérouse

cette impression est exactement carrée, a angles arrondis, et est trés

finement sculptée de stries presque droites. La face supérieure de

Ja premiére a des stries fines et rayonnantes, du soumet a la nais-

sance de l’apophyse, avec un angle rentrant et un autre angle sor-

tant a cote de celui-ci, qui divisent 'opercule en deux parties.

198

C’est au célébre et intrépide marin d’Angleterre Cook, que nous

fesons hommage du nom de cette intéressante Navicelle.

2, NAVICELLA LINEATA, Lamarck.

Var. y. Testa lincolis transversis tenuissimis, undulatis, creberrimis,

olivaceis, et maculis oblongis ac linearibus, lutescentibus pictd ;

apice fere marginali, subviolacco, supra albido, levissime bi-

radiato,

Hab. “ Ganges, Bengal.” H. Cuming.

Long. 194 mill. ; larg. 12 mill. ; convex. 6 mill.

If°. Genre Nerita, Linné.

Sect. A. Labru intis integerrimo ; labio superné nec emarginato.

Gen. Neritina, Lamarck, Férussac, &c.

1. Nerira Siquiyorensis. Ner. testd ovato-transversd, postice

angustatd, dorso-convecd, superné planulatd, solidd, longitudi-

naliter tenuiter et crebré striatd, spadiceo-reticulatd, interstitiis

maculis oblongis, anticé acutis, albidis seu lutescentibus pictd ;

anfractibus 15; apice retuso ; aperturd extis ovatd, intis lutes-

cente; labio plano, margine et in medio vix Urcuato et tenuiter

crenato ; labro subcontinuo, lateralibus rectiusculo.

Var. 6. Testd spadiceo-reticulald, fasciis albidis 2-3 cinctd ; labio

externe fuscescente tincto.

Hab. “ Isle of Siquijor, in a small stream.” H. Cuming.

Long. 7 474 mill. ; larg. 10 4 11 mill.; convex. 6 mill.

Nérite voisine de la Nerita violacea, Gmelin (Ner. crepidularia,

Lamarck), mais distincte par sa forme, sa coloration et sa spire ré-

tuse. Opercule plane, blanc-jaunatre, bicaréné en dessous ; 2 carénes

aigués postérieurement. Il est muni de deux dents: la supérieure

courte, un peu relevée; l’inférieure transversale, lamelleuse, saillante,

et aigué postérieurement.

2. Nerira arricana. er. testa ovato-conoided, subepidermide

nigrescente strigis nigris longitudinalibus creberrimis et maculis

oblongis vel ovatis transversis, luteis, antic? aculis et nigro mar-

ginatis, subregularibus, undique pictd; anfractibus tribus sub-

conicis ; infimo superné rugis rarts notato ; spird vix prominuld,

apice crosd ; aperturd obliqud, extis semi-oblongd, intits albido-

cmerascente ; labio convexiusculo superne calloso, antice plano,

rectiusculo et levissime crenato.

Var. a. Anfractu infimo depresso ; labro superne vix fornicato et

antrorsim productiusculo ; labio posticé lutescente.

Var. 6. Anfractu infimo dorso convexo ; labio posticé aurantio.

Hab. “ Island of Fernando Po, west coast of Africa; found in a

small stream by Capt. Downs, R.N.” H. Cuming.

Long. 17 a 19 mill.; larg. 19 4 20 mill. ; convex. 131 415 mill.

Elle a beaucoup de rapports avec le Neritina afra, Sowerby,

Conch. Illustr. fig. 13, mais en différe par sa columelle non échan-

erée a Ja marge. Elle a aussi des rapports avec certaines variétés de

199

la Nerit. Brasiliana, Récluz (Nerita virginea, Lamarck, non Linné).

Sa forme ovale-conique, ses rugosités obliques et les crénelures

marginales de Ja Jévre interne plus petites et égales la séparent nette-

ment de celle du Brésil.

3. Nertra (Critnon) Da Costa. Ner. testd subglobosd, supra

medium vix angulosd, muticd, olivaced, maculis triangularibus

albidis, antice acuté nigris pictd et fasciis pallidissime interdum

obsoletis cinctd ; anfractibus quaternis plano-declivis ; spird sub-

conicd, apice erosd ; aperturd subrotundd, intis albd et pallide

c@rulescente 3-4 fasciatd ; labio compresso, angusto, valde de-

clivi, superné transversim calloso, margine crenato et in medio

tenuiter arcuato ; labro inferné dilatato, superne subfornicato.

Hab. “Isle of Negr os, in a mountain-stream.” H. Cuming.

Long. 14 mill. ; larg. 172 mill. ; convex. 123 mill.

4. Nerita Leacuu, Récluz in Guérin, Rev. Cuvier. 1841, p. 312.

no. 33.

Var. 3. Testd subglobosd, pallidé fusca, luteo-bifasciatd.

Var. y.? Testd subglobosd, nigerrimd, maculis punctiformibus vir

triangularibus obsitd, nec fasciatd.

An var. Nerite guttata, Récluz in Rev. Cuv. 1841, p.316. no. 40?

Var. 6.? Testd semiglobosd, tenuiore, striis longitudinalibus regu-

laribus creberrimis, transversis, tenuissimis, nigerrimd, maculis

sparsis, raris, et fasciis angustis binis, lutescentibus, maculis par-

vulis triangularibus pallidioribus confertis picta.

Hab. “Isle of Bohol; found in a small stream.” H. Cuming.

Notre Nerita guttata est ovale, d’un beau noir et finement ponctué

de blanc-lacté ; son second tour est légérement anguleux pris de la

suture ; son ouverture est plus étroite, et les dents de la marge de la

columelle sont plus fines; enfin elle vit & Triton bay. N’ayant pu

nous procurer qu’un seul individu de notre espéce, il nous est difficile

de la confondre avec la var. (3. de la Nerita Leachii bien qu'elle ait

des grands rapports avec elle ; nous n’eu connaissons pas, d’ailleurs,

les opercules.

5. Nerita Sayana. er. testa ventricoso-ovatd, longitudinaliter

substriatd, tenuiusculd, nitiduld, nigratd, maculis fuscis seu lutes-

centibus, diversiformibus, variegatd aut fuscd et nigrescenie nebu-

lata ; anfractibus duobus ; primo partim deroso, infimo superne

depresso ; aperturd subrotundd, intis albd ; labio calloso, plano,

declivi, margine recto, in medio tenuissimé crenato.

Hab. ‘Island of Guimaras, Philippines; in small streams.” H.

Cuming.

Long. 14 4 18 mill. ; larg. 16 4 21 mill.; convex. 12 4 15 mill.

Nous dédions cette Nérite a feu Mr. Say, auteur de VAmerican

Conchology.

6. Nerita (CiitHon) suspunctata. er. testd semiglobosd, oli-

vaceo-fuscd, tenuiter rugatd ; rugis punctis nigrescentibus seriatis

notatis, subepidermide albd, nigro reticulatd ; anfractu unico, supra

200

medium anguloso ; apice perforato ; aperturd extis subrotundd, in-

tus albo-cinerascente; labio semilunari, plano, superneé calloso,

margine in medio tenuiter arcuato et crenulato; dente cardinali

majore, truncato.

Hab. ‘‘ Sinait, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; in a small

mountain-stream.” H. Cuming.

Long. 11 mill.; larg. 13 mill. ; convex. 8 mill.

Cette Nérite n’est peut-étre qu’une variété locale de notre Nerita

bicolor, cependaut elle est toujours cinq a six fois plus petite, moins

solide, 4 stries constamment poncturés de noir par séries longitudi-

nales plus ou moins distinctes, formée d'un seul tour de spire dont

langle est plus étroit. ‘Son soumet n’est point corrodé, mais muni

d’un trou étroit et profond.

Sect. B. Labro intis sepiis sulcato ; labio superné emarginato.

7. Nenrra Grayana. WNer. testd ovato-globosd, dorso-oblique

conoided, transversim sulcatd ; sulcis costis latioribus, striis longi-

tudinalibus creberrimis sculptd; anfractibus sordide nigro-vio-

laceis, obsolete albo maculatis ; spird prominuld, conico-depressd,

acutd ; apertura pallide fuscescente ; labio planulato, margine

tridentato, supra rugis confertis valde impresso ; labro intis regu-

lariter sulcato, superne unidentato.

Hab. ‘‘ Port Curimao, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; on

the rocks at low water.” H. Cuming.

Long. 21-25 mill.; larg. 30 mill.; convex. 21 mill. Ouverture

extér.: long. 22 mill.; larg. 20 4 21 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill.

Nous dédions cette belle Nérite au savant zoologiste Gray.

8. Nerira Panayensis. Ner. testd parvd, ovato-conicd, aurantid,

transversim sulcatd, longitudinaliter crebré striatd ; costis subter

lente subgranosis ; spird conico-acutd ; labio plano, lacteo, dentibus

tribus remotis instructo; labro margine crenato, intis calloso,

lacteo, plané levissimo.

Var. 3. Testd ventricoso-globosd, spird vie exsertd, minimd, labio

basi ruguloso et margine crenulis plurimis notato.

Hab. “ llo-Ilo, province of Panay; under stones at low water.”

H. Cuming.

Long. 134 mill., var. 12; larg. 15 mill., var. 143; convex. 10, var.

10 mill. Ouverture: long. 11 mill., var. 12; larg. 104, var. 10 mill.

Spire: haut. 4 mill., var. 23 mill.

Le type a des rapports de forme avec la Nev. aurantia (Récluz) et

la variété avec quelques variétés de la Nerita Rumphii (Récluz) ;

Vopercule, qui nous est inconnu, pourrait probablement trancher la

question.

9. Nerita Breanrana. Ner. testd ovatd, postice angustatd, trans-

versim crebre et tenuiter sulcatd, nigrd sive olivaceo-nigricante,

Sfasciis croceis cinctd; spird obtusd, decorticatd ; aperturd albd,

fauce luted; labio compresso-plano, luteo-fuscescente, granulis

nigris signato, margine levissimé arcuatim excavato, subedentulo ;

labro intis striis tenuissimis elongatis, nigris instructo.

201

Var. (3. Testd olivaceo-nigricante, lineis nigris et lutescentibus, equi-

distantibus fasciatd ; labio supra rugoso, medio nigro granuloso,

labro intis leviter incrasso et levissimo.

Var. y. Testa costis subnullis, striis longitudinalibus creberrimis, ob-

soletisque.

Operculum nigrescens, minime granulatum, subtis carneo-lutescente,

fasciis tribus griseis pictum, costuld pland, obsoletd, antice margi-

natum. Dente apicali brevi, truncato, infimo transverso, arcuato,

plano, postic? dilatato, truncato, superficie substriatd.

Hab. “Isle of Corregidor, bay of Manila; under stones at low

water.” H. Cuming.

Long. 148 16 mill., var. 125 & 13 mill.; larg. 17 @ 21 mill., var.

16 & 164 mill.; convex. 10 4 125 mill., var. 9-10 mill. Ouverture

extér.: long. 123.4 14 mill., var. 122 413 mill. ; larg. 125 2 133 mill.,

var. 12 mill.

Nous donnons a cette belle Nérite le nom de Mr. Bean, savant.

conchyliologue de Scarborough.

10. Neriva Hinpsir. Wer. testd semiglobosd, solidd, cinered sive

albidd, nigro obscure articulatd, transversim laviter sulcatd, striis

longitudinalibus undulatis sulcis interdum decussantibus insculpta ;

spird parvd, convero-depressd, vie exsertd ; aperturd diluté stra-

_ mined ; labio angusto, compresso-subconcavo, rugoso et granuloso,

margine in medio 2—4-denticulato ; labro intis valde calloso et

longé sulcato. Operculum pallidé cinereo-fuscescens, granulosum,

obsolet® biangulosum, albido-viridescens, antice angulum planissi-

mum circumdatum. Dente apicali plano, superne leviter incras-

sato, brevi, truncato, basi maculd fuscd notatd ; infimo arcuato,

substriato, postice pariim dilatato, truncato.

Hab. <‘Tlo-Ilo, isle of Panay; under stones at low water.” H.

Cuming.

Long. 15-17 mill.; larg. 195-20 mill.; convex. 123-134 mill. ;

Ouverture: long. 15-153 mill.; larg. 13-14 mill. Spire, haut. 6-7 mill.

11. Nerrra SpencierrAna. er. testd orbiculato-conicd, trans-

versim levissime sulcatd; sulcis basi obsoletis, albidd, nigro-

zonatd ; spird conico-acutd, lutescente, nigro-punctatd, sulcis pro-

fundioribus ; labio albo, levigato, margine subbidentato ; labro

ints incrassato, levissimo. Operculum pallidé fuscum, tenuissime

granulosum, subtis pallidé rufum. Dente apicali obsoleto, infimo ar-

cuato, transversim substriato, postice superficie dilatatd et truncatd.

Hab. “Tlo-Ilo, isle of Panay; under stones at low water.” H.

Cuming.

Long. 16 mill. ; larg. 18 mill.; convex. 12 mill. Ouverture eat. :

long. 14 mill. ; larg. 12 mill. Spire, haut. 5 mill.

12. Nerrra Rumrut, Récluz, Rev. Cuvier. 1841, p. 147. no. 10.

Var. 1. Récluz, loco citato, Nerita polita oceani australis, Chem-

nitz, Conch. v. p. 321. tab. 193. f. 2013 et 2014. ;

Hab: “Trenate, Molucca Islands; under stones at low water.” H.

Cuming.

Fauce nitidissimé rubro-sanguinea.

202

Var. 2. Testd striis transversis nullis, fasciis viridescentibus imma-

culatis, alternis albis sive pallidé rufescentibus, nigro articulatis ;

aperturd sanguined ; labio bidentato ; labro intis crebré sulcato.

Chemnitz, Conch. v. p. 319. pl. 193. f. 2010.

“Tsland of Trenate, Molucca Islands; on the reefs.”

Operculum Nerite Rumphii. Forma Ner. Orbignyane accedens,

sed diversa.

Var. 3. Testd albd maculis nigris latis seriatis unifasciatd.

“Isle of Ticao; under stones at low water.”

Var. 4. Testd albido-lutescente, nigro late unifasciatd.

“Isle of Ticao, &c.”

Var. 5. Testd nigrescente, ravido-fasciatd.

“Isle of Masbate; under stones at low water.”

Var. 6. Testd nigrd, albo anguste trifasciatd.

“Isle of Corregidor, off Manila; under stones.”

Var. 7. Testd olivaced, nigro-varid, in medio albo-unifasciatd fascid

lineis angustis olivaceis articulatd.

‘« Tsle of Masbate; under stones.”

Var. 8. Testa lutescente, caruleo-undatd, fasciis tribus & maculis

rubris articulatis.

«« St. Nicolas, island of Zebu; under stones.”’

Var. 9. Testa nigrd, venis albis et maculis concoloribus pictd.

“Trenate, Molucca Islands; under stones.”

Var. 10. Testd rufescente aut cinered, maculis nigris hastatis trans-

versis pictd.

An Chemnitz, v. p. 320. pl. 193. f. 2011? Nerita pennata, Des-

hayes in Lamarck, ed. alt. t. viii. p. 613. no. 23+. (vidi in collectione

ejus) non Born, Nerita pennata. (Hexc est Ner. piperina, Chemnitz,

Conch. xi. p. 73. tab. 197. f.1905, 1906; Lister, Conch. Synops.

pl. 604. f. 29; Neritina piperata, Sow. Conch. Illust. f. 18.)

Port of Curimao, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; under

stones.”

Var.11. Testd rufescente aut albidi, roseo-trifasciatd et maculis

viridibus parvis seu nebulis varid.

‘*Tsle of Masbate; under stones.”’

Var. 12. Testd violaced, albo angusté trifasciatd.

“Isle of Corregidor, &c.”

Var. 13. Testd luteo-rufescente, albo-trifusciatd ; fasciis nigro sive

viridescente articulatis.

«Isle of Burias ; under stones.”

Var. 14. Testd fusco-nigrescente pallidd, fasciis tribus nigris, et

maculis albis sparsis pictd.

‘Isle of Siquijor, under stones; and port of Curimao, province of

North Ilocos, isle of Luzon.”

Var. 15. Testd luteo-rufescente, maculis albis transversis parvulis

pictd, nigrescente obsolete trifasciatd.

««Trenate, Molucca Islands.”

203

Var. 16. Testd nigro, ravido et albido-fuscescente fasciatd.

«Isle of Siquijor, &c.”

Var. 17. Testd tenui, striis cancellatd, fusco-rufescente, interdum

maculis nigris parvulis hastatis pictd ; labio planissimo antic? valde

denticulato.

«Isle of Siquijor, &c.”

Var. 18. Testd albd, rufescente fulguratd sive roseo-trifasciatd.

«St. Nicolas, isle of Zebu, &c.”

Var. 19. Testd lutescente, fasciis viridescentibus zonisque albis nigro-

maculatis marginatis.

<‘Isle of Ticao; under stones.”

Var. 20. Testa albo-vinosd, nigro late bifasciatd et in interstitiis

interdum viridescente zonatd.

“Isle of Corregidor, bay of Manila.”

Var. 21. Testd albd aut fuscescente, venis nigris longitudinalibus

pictd et albo unifasciatd.

«Isle of Corregidor, &c.”

Var. 22. Testd sordid? vinosd seu fusco-violaced, fasciis tribus albis

cinereo articulatis seu nebulosis.

“Isle of Burias.”

Var. 23. Testa purpureo-nigrescente, fuscescente nigro-punctatd sive

albo-bifasciatd ; fusciis cinereo nebulosis.

‘* Port of Curimao, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon.”

Var. 24. Testd albido-lutescente, nigro anguste bifasciatd.

“Isle of Corregidor.”

Var. 25. Testd virescente, albo anguste trifasciatd.

“Isle of Corregidor.”

Var. 26. Testd cancellatd, totd nigrd.

“Isle of Corregidor.”

Var. 27. Testd fusco-nigricante, maculis nigris transversis inten-

sioribus pictd.

«From Pasacos, isle of Luzon.”

Var. 28. Testd grised, maculis albis obsoleté tessellatd.

“Isle of Ticao.”

Var. 29. Testé pallid? fusco-rubelld trifasciatd, venis albis lineatd,

interstitiis albo angust? marginatis ; fascid albd spiram decurrente.

«St. Estevan, province of South Ilocos, isle of Luzon.”

Var. 30. Testd dilute chocolatd, albido-fasciatd.

«Isle of Burias.”

Var. 31. Testd luteo-castaned, albo angusté trifasciatd, transversim

regulariter sulcatd, seu levissime ad spiram tantum spiraliter cin-

gulatd.

«Isle of Corregidor.”

Var. 32. Testd omnind aurantid.

« Jimmamaylan, isle of Negros.”

Obs.—Il est impossible de distinguer des espéces parmis ces nom-

204

breuses variétés dont nous n’avons pas mémé €puisé Ja quantité.

Les plus riches en couleur vivent dans les mers des Philippines ; celles

de l’océanie sont moins variées et agréables 4 la vue, on doit donc

savoir gré a Mr. H. Cuming de nous les avoir fait connaitre avec les

localités particuliéres dans lesquelles on les trouve. Quoique l’oper-

cule de cette espéce ressemble assez a celui de la Nérite polie (qui a

pour type la var. gris-verdatre trifasciée de rose, figurée par Chemnitz,

le type de Linné étant une variété trés rare), sa coloration différe et

sa bandelette marginale est toujours plus étroite. Du reste la Nerita

Rumphii est toujours plus petite, sillonnée de stries, et souvent treil-

lisée en tout ou en partie.

III°. Gen. Narica, Adanson.

A. Umbilicum funiculatum.

Obs.—Funiculus. Columna callosa auctorum, columella adherens

et in umbilico spiraliter contorta, apice plus mintsve dilatato, trun-

cato, rarils convexo aut rotundato.

* Testa subglobosa ; operculum testaceum. Gen. Nacca, Risso.

1. Natica prcra. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenuiusculd, levi-

gatd luteo-rufescente, albo anguste 3-4 fasciatd: fasciis remotis

maculis spadiceis sagittatis articulatis, superd ad suturam spadiceo-

marginatd ; spird convexo-conicd, apice spadiced; aperturd intis

Sulvd ; columelld rectd, basim versus concaviusculd, superne breviter

reflezd ; umbilico coarctato, quadrato ; canali arcuato, extiis zond

albd maculis spadiceis undulatis radiato ; funiculo crasso canalem

angustante.

Hab. ‘‘ Basey, island of Samar, Philippines ; found on the reefs.”’

H. Cuming.

Long. 26 mill.; Jarg. 274 mill.; convex, 21 mill. Ouverture:

long. 205 mill.; larg. 134 mill.

Testa fundo pallide chocolato, fascid supremd rard maculis supremis

majoribus et intensioribus ; anfractibus quinis, convexis, superne

depressiusculis.

2. Narica ruzona. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenui, albd,

lineolis creberrimis longitudinalibus luteo-spadiceis et fasciis tribus

é maculis sagittiformibus concoloribus, in supremd angulatis pictd ;

spird convexo-acutd ; aperturd albidd, basi et exrtern® subacutd ;

labio rectiusculo, superneé breviter reflexo et tenuissimo ; umbilico

rotundato extis zond albd maculis spadiceis circumdato ; funiculo

angusto, superne interdum rotundato et dilatato cavitates angus-

tante ; labro fragili.

Operculum testaceum, tenue, lineolis elevatis 2-8 antice cinctum.

An Nat. zebra, var.?

Hab. ‘With Natica zebra from Cagayan, province of Misamis,

island of Mindanao; found in sandy mud at twenty-five fathoms:

and with Natica areolata from the isle of Capul, Philippines ; on the

reefs.” H. Cuming.

Long. 144 mill.; larg. 16 mill.; convex, 114 mill.

205

3. Nartica oRIENTALIS, Gmelin.

Var. y. Testd rufd, suturd anguste canaliculatd, albd.

Var. 6. Testd subepidermide fuscescente albidd, suturd canaliculatd,

epidermide fusco creberrimé striatd.

Var. e.? Testd minor, subepidermide pallid’ Fusco-albd, zonis binis @

maculis elongato-quadratis spadiceis seriatim pictd ; suturd pro-

Sunda, epidermide fusco creberrime striatd ; aperturd basi minus

auctd et acutd ; funiculo coarctato.

Hab. “ Singapore ; found in sandy mud.” H. Cuming.

Var. e. Long. 24 mill.; larg. 234 mill.; convex. 19 mill. Ouver-

ture: long. 19 mill. ; larg. 12 mill.

Opercule inconnu, mais comme la columelle est marquée de la

rainure operculaire, il doit étre par conséquent de nature testacé et

solide, selon nos propres observations. Cette variété, dont je n’ai

vii qu’un individu me paraitrait devoir constituer une espéce distincte,

lorsqu’on pourra en étudier quelques autres échantillons.

4. Natica Broperipiana. Nat. testd globoso-ovatd, solidiusculd,

luted seu pallide fuscd, zonis albis spadiceo maculatis cinetd, lon-

gitudinaliter tenuiter sulcatd: sulcis superné et inferne profun-

dioribus ; spird conico-acutd, apice fusco-spadiced ; suturd fasciold

albo marginatd ; aperturd basi et externe angulosd ; columelld in

medio arcuatim concavd, superne et inferné incrassatd ; umbilico

dilatato, profundo, zond albd, levigatd circumdato ; canali umbilico

lineari ; funiculo crasso, largo, depresso.

Testa anfractibus 5-6 convexis, subcostatis. Macule fasciarum nunc

quadrate, nunc transversim oblonge seu arcuate ; fascia mediane

macule biseriate, infime parvule. Labrum solidum. Operculum

testaceum, antice striis tribus aratum, in medio costd arcuata valdé

exsertd sculptatum ; apice puncto calloso notato ; postice inferne

ad marginem crebré rugoso seu crenulato et in medio ventri-

coso.

Hab. “ Xipixapi, West Colombia; sandy mud, sixteen fathoms.”

H. Cuming.

Long. 254 mill.; larg. 234 mill.; convex. 18 mill, Ouverture :

long. 22 mill. ; larg. 105 mill.

5. Natica Exenax. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, postice angustatd,

tenui, longitudinaliter strits cequidistantibus superne et inferne

profundioribus, striolis transversis creberrimis subcancellatis

sculpid ; albido-stramined, lineolis crebris undulatis longitudina-

libus ; pictd ; anfractu infimo superne planulato ; spird convexo-

conicd, subacutd ; aperturd basi subangulosd, superne rotundatd ;

labio subrecto, in medio subarcuato, superné calloso ; umbilico

dilatato, profundo, spirali; canali lineari ; funiculo lato, superne

crasso et oblique truncato ; labro fragili.

Var. 3.? Testd minori, ventricoso-ovatd, anfractibus senis, supern®

planatis, gradatis, superioribus longitudinaliter striatis, infimo

levigato, lineis spadiceis remotiusculis subundulatis picto ; spird

conico-acutd ; columella rectd, superne et inferné incrassatd ;

canali umbilico profunde arcuato, valde latiore ; funiculo angusto;

aperturd semi-oblongd.

206

Hab. ‘St. Elena, West Colombia; found in sandy mud at six

fathoms.”’ H. Cuming.

Testd tenuiori, sulcis longitudinalibus strieformibus ; anfractu in-

jimo transverso, antice dilatato posticeque angustato, fasciis nul-

lis, lineis spadiceis crebris undulatis angulatisque ; spird minori ;

columelld minus concavd ; funiculo crassiore & Naticd Broderi-

piana differt.

Var. 6. Forma Natica Fanel Adansonii accedens sed diversa; an

species nova ?

Umbilicus testaceus, anticé triangulatus, in medio costd latd, crassd,

exsertd, sulco anticé cinctd et postice revolutd insculptus, ared posticd

arcuatim sulcatd. Margo postica transversim crenulata: crenis infe-

rioribus valde impressis.

Long. 23 mill.; larg. 24 mill.; convex.16 mill. Ouverture: long.

20 mill.; larg. 113 mill.

6. Narica argotata. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenui, parvd,

subpellucidd, glaucind seu luted, lineis angulato-flecuosis, sepe basi

latioribus arcuatisque pictd, ornatis ; spird convexo-conicd, apice

Suscd ; aperturd subviolaced ; labio oblique rectiusculo, ad umbi-

licum subconvero, basim versus arcuatim rotundatd ; funiculo

crasso, superne rotundato, plano umbilicum canalemque valde an-

gustante.

Var. 6. Testa minor, maculis luteis antice albo marginatis ac arcu-

atis subseriebus 3—4-cincta, interdum confluentibus ; anfractibus

superne zond dilute aurantid lined albé marginatd ornatis.

Rumph. Mus. tab. 22. fig. G. bona, non Natica zebra, Lamk.

Hab. “Island of Capul : found on the reefs, Philippines.” H. Cu-

ming. Amboina (Mus. Paris et Rumphius).

Long. 12 4 17 mill.; larg. 13 8 19 mill.; convex. 103 a 15 mill.

Ouverture: long. 104 & 144 mill.; larg. 6 29 mill. Spire, haut. 44

a7 mill.

7. Natica ruLGuRANS. Nat. testd ovatd, ventricosd, tenuiter striatd,

albd, flammeis fulgurantibus spadiceo-nigris interdum confluentibus

pictd ; spird conicd, acutd; aperturd albd; columelld obliqud,

rectiusculd, umbilico profundo; canali latiusculo ; funiculo de-

presso, supernt basique compresso ; labro basi oblique rectiusculo,

crasso, compresso.

Hab. “ Le Senegal (Mme Dupont).”

Long. 22 mill.; larg. 20 mill.; convex. 15-16 mill. Ouverture:

long. 16 mill.; larg. 9 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill.

Testa alba seu dilute ravida; flammis interruptis in zonas trans-

versas efformantibus sepe dispositis.

8. Natica Couxie1. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, albd, maculis spa-

diceo-fuscis quinque seriatis : seriebus duabus maculis rufis qua-

dratis interdum. angulatis alteris punctiformibus cinctd ; spird

converd, apice acuta; anfractibus superné planiusculis, radiatim

breviter striatis ; aperturd albidd, intis subflammulatd ; umbilico

arcuato, profuado; funiculo parvo; columelld oblique rectius-

culd.

207

Var. B. Testa maculis quadratis quinque seriatis cincta; seriebus

tribus medianis maculis majoribus interdum confluentibus ; aper-

turd intis rosed ; funiculo crasso extiis ad sinistram oblique pla-

nulato, basi canali propinquiori.

Hab. “Swan River, Australia; found on stones, low water, by

Lieut. Collie, R.N. Var. from the island of Ticao found on the

reefs.” H. Cuming.

Long. 14 var. 17 mill.; larg. 15 var. 16 mill.; convex. 114 var.

13 mill. Ouverture: long. 114 var. 13 mill.; larg. 7 var. 73 mill.

9. Natica Fane, Adanson.

Var. 3. Testa alba, seu albo-subvinosa, maculis rotundatis atropur-

pureis, paucis interdum confluentibus picta.

Natica variolaria, nobis olim.

Hab. ‘ Zanzebar, east coast of Africa, collected by Mr. Thomas

Thorre.” H. Cuming.

Testa subglobosa, ovata, ventricosa, nitidissima, levigata. Anfracti-

bus senis, convexis, superne depresso-planis, radiatim tenuiter stri-

atis, fere gradatis. Spira conica; apice acutiusculo. Apertura

semirotunda, alba, obliquata. Columella oblique recta, angusta, su-

perne breviter reflexa, adnata, basi in labro continuato et incrassato.

Umbilicum semirotundum, fuscum, profundum. Funiculum depres-

sum, latiusculum, rufum, superné, via callosum, semiovatum, colu-

melle adnatum. Operculum?

10. Narica Gamsra. Nat. testd ventricoso-ovatd, interdum sub-

globosd, crassd, albida seu dilute carneolatd ; anfractibus convezis,

levigatis, supern? longe radiatim striatis, superioribus supra de-

presso-planiusculis ; spird conico-depressd, acuta ; apertura ob-

liqud, albd ; columelld rectd, superne incrassata, callosd ; umbilico

parvo ; canali arcuato, profundo ; funiculo magno, superne dila-

tato, plano, semiovato ; labro crasso.

Var. B. Testa ovatd, substriatd, superne cinereo-fuscescente, fusco

obscure zonatd, inferne albidd, submedio zond pallidd cincld ;

spird glaucescente ; aperturd intis fusco-purpurascente.

Operculum testaceum, solidum, ad apicem tenuiusculum, lacteum,

postice marginem versus fuscum, levigatum, antice lined angustd

circumdatum. Varietates innumere Naticee maroccanze Chem-

nitzii (Nat. marochiensis Lamk. non Menke nec Philippi, que

est Nerita (Natica) glaucina Linné certé) differt, formd, facie,

consistentia, umbilico, funiculo et operculo.. Rara.

Hab. “River Gambia; found on the sands by Mr. Beale of Jer-

sey.” H. Cuming.

Long. 27 mill.; larg. 25 mill.; convex. 18 mill. Ouverture :

long. 21 mill.; larg. 103 mill. Spire, haut. 11 mill.

11. Narica canrena, Lamk.

Nerita canrena, Linné, Mus. L. U. p. 674. no. 383. Synonymis

et variet. exclusis.

Var. 3. Minor, tenuior, magnitudinis avellane, zonis tribus albis et

totidem fuscis pallidis cincta; zonis albis medio ventris lineis

208

arcuatis spadiceis ornatis, superd maculis spadiceis arcuatis pictd ;

suturd fascid angustd luted marginatd, striis radiatis crebris

sculptd ; umbilico parvo ; canal profundo, arcuato, zond latissimd

alba circumdato et maculis spadiceis remotis notatd.

Hab. “ Jacna, isle of Bohol, Philippines; twelve fathoms, sandy

mud.” _H. Cuming.

An eadem ut typus Linnei?

Var. y. Testd, omnind albd, ad suturam lacteo fasciatd; labro fra-

gilt.

Hab. “Island of St. Vincent, North America.” H. Cuming.

Long. 23 mill. ; larg. 26 mill.; conv. 20 mill. Ouverture: long.

20; larg. 13 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill.

12. Natica pavimentuM. Nat. testd ovato-obtusd, subglobosd, par-

vuld, exalbidd, lacteo-quadrifasciatd, supremd latd lineis rufis radia-

tis, tribus inferioribus angustioribus maculis quadratis rufis seriatis

articulatis pictd ; spird convexo-rotundatd, parvd, viz prominenti ;

aperturd albd, obliqud ; columelld rectd, solidd; funiculo semi-

rotundo, umbilico parvulo omnind occultante.

Var. (3. Tesid fascia medii ventris maculis longitudinaliter oblongo-

quadratis remotioribus pictd.

Testa anfractibus quinis, convexo-depressis, infimo convewiore ; su-

turd viv impressd. Operculum ?

Hab. “The island of Ticao, Philippines; found on the reefs.”

H. Cuming.

Long. 10 mill.; larg. 9 mill.; conv.7 474 mill. Ouverture: long.

8 mill.; larg. 32 mill.

18. Natica Guarreriana. Nat. testd subovatd, semigloboso-acutd,

tenui, subepidermide fuscescente albidd, punctis quadratis spadi-

ceis seriatis in medio ventris trifasciatd, superné lineis concolori-

bus obsoletisque decurrentibus ornatd ; anfractibus ventricosis, ad

suturam longé et crebre striatis, fascid albd circumdatis ; spird

conico-acutd ; aperturd dilatatd, basi subproductd et angulosé ;

umbilico parvo; funiculo semiovato, supra oblique plano, umbi-

licum et canalem valde occultante.

Var. 3. Testa minor, fasciis punctorum in medio ventris ultimi duabus.

Hab. “ Sual, province of Pangasinan, island of Luzon; found at

five to seven fathoms, on sand.” H. Cuming.

Long. 125 mill. ; larg. 12 mill. ; convex. 9 mill. Ouverture: long.

10 mill.; larg. 6 mill. Spire, haut. 5 mill. Natice maroccane Chem-

nitzii proxima.

** Testa subovata seu ovata; operculum cartilaginosum, Gen. Natica,

Risso.

Mamiiiate, Récluz.

14. Natica Panamaknsis. Nat. testd ovato-globosd, ventricosd, pon-

derosd, albidd ; anfractibus septenis, supremis depresso-converis,

infimo ad peripheriam depresso-planulato, supra subanguloso, de-

clivi seu conveviusculo, striis tenuissimis impresso ; spird conicd,

209

ucutd; aperturd odliqud, oblongo-semilunari ; columelld superne

et antic? ventricosd, vald? incrassatd,.calloso-lacted, convead, sub

umbilico productiusculd ; umbilico profundo ; funiculo intis sub-

obsoleto, extern® oblongo, calloso et cum callo columelle consoli-

dato ; labro tenuiusculo.

Operculum cartilaginosum, radiatim tenuiter striatum, dilute fuscum.

Sinu Panama propria.

Hab. “ Panama; found at ten fathoms in fine sand.” H. Cuming,

Long. 44 & 54 mill.; larg. 40 4 47 mill.; convex. 23 a 40 mill.

‘Ouverture : long. exter. 40 4474 mill., inter. 33 840 mill. ; larg. 18

& 22 mill. Spire, haut. 16 mill.

15. Natica Fremrnerana. Nat. testa ovato-oblongd, crassiusculd,

lacted, nitidd, politd, levissime striatd, anfractibus senis, depresso-

convexiusculis, infimo ovato-convexo, superne subconico ; spird de-

presso-conicd, apice exalbido ; aperturd angustd, semirotundd ;

columella oblique rectiusculd, in medio subconvead, extern? callosd,

crassd; umbilico profundo, superne partim tecto, extern angulo

vix notato circumdato, basi in canalem profundum arcuatum pro-

longato, a furiculo modificato.

Junior. Canali umbilico subconsolidato, lineari.

Operculum cartilagineum, luteum, tenuissimum, margine antico hyalino

zonatum, fascid latd, purpureo-rufid, apice revolutd, superficie eleganter

radiatim striatd valde differt. Testa interdum albo dilute straminea

seu ferrugineo partim tincta.

Hab. “ Sorsogon, isle of Luzon ; found in sand and small stones.’’

H. Cuming.

Long. 30 mill.; larg. 26 mill.; convex. 22 mill. Ouverture: ex-

ter. 27 mill., inter. 19 mill.; larg. 112 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill.

Nerita mamilla, var. lactee, Linnei valde affinis, sed spira acuta

et umbilico aperto differt. Natice vavaoi Le Guillou proxima, sed

columella convexiore, basi et interné non angulata, rotundato-con-

cava, angulo umbilici remotiore et linezformi, canali umbilici an-

gustiore et columella supra medium convexiuscula transversim nec

sulco obsoleto instructa dissimilis est. Natica uber, Valenciennes,

feré simillima, sed in hac operculum cartilagineum omnind luteum

et striis tenuioribus, in Nat. Flemingiand.

16. Natica pupia. Nat. testd ventricoso-ovatd seu globoso-acutd,

levigatd, crassd, ponderosd, albido-stramined, ad suturam obscure

fasciatd et transversim obsolete striatd; spird conico-depressd,

plus minusve prominuld, acutd ; aperturd semirotundd, intiis sub-

margaritaced ; labio antic recto, basi incrassato, superne valde

calloso: callo supra medium convexo ; umbilico spirali, in cana-

lem profundum arcuatumque prolongatum et funiculo modificatum

sive fere sive omnind obtecto ; labro solido.

Hab. *‘ Chili?” H. Cuming.

Long. 37 4 39 mill.; larg. 36 & 37 mill.; convex. 27 a 28 mill.

Ouverture: exter. 324 a 33, inter. 22 4 23 mill.; larg. 144154 mill.

Spire, haut. 9 @ 114 mill.

Natice Flemingiane proxima, sed solidiore, ventricosiore, ponde-

210

rosa columella nec anticé convexa, superné valdé convex4, umbilico

interdum occultato, differt.

17. Natica uBERINA, Valenciennes in Mém. Géol. de Humboldt.

Var. 8. Testd ovato-conicd, obsoletissime cancellatd ; anfractibus

superne conicis ; spird elongatd, conicd ; canali umbilici et capite

Suniculi magis elongati.

Hab. ‘‘Casma, Peru; found in muddy sand, five fathoms.” H.

Cuming.

Long. 413 mill.; larg. 37 mill.; convex. 30 mill. Ouverture:

long. exter. 31 mill.; inter. 26 mill.; larg. 16 mill.

18. Narica Cuminerana. Nat. testd ovato-ventricosd, luteo-auran-

tid, ponderosd, superne tenuiter et crebre striatd, nitidissimd ; an-

Sractibus senis conico-depressis, infimo ventricoso, supra levissime

conico; spird conico-depressd, acutd, partim albd; suturd sub-

obliterata ; aperturd oblongo-semilunari, albd; columelld lacted,

rectiusculd, in medio subconverd, superne et externé incrassatd,

callosd ; umbilico patulo, spirali ; canali largo, semirotundo, lac-

teo, bianguloso ; angulo interno spirali, externo postice carinato ;

Suniculo lacteo, crasso, externé semirotundato, interne depresso,

spirali, umbilicum modificante.

Junior. Testd tenuiore, carncolatd, spird lacted, angulis umbilici ob-

soletis ; callo columelle supra umbilicum sulco transverso notato,

in adulto vix conspicuo.

Operculum rubicundum striis radiatum et tenuissime longitudinaliter

arcuatimque impressum, antic? zond hyalind circumdatum. Natica au-

rantia, var. lutea, nobis (Nerita mamilla, var. lutea, Linné), proxima

sed ventricosiori, majori et umbilico patulo, funiculato, diversa est. Na-

tice porcelanze, D’Orbigny multd major, ventricosior, aurantid ac non

stramined dissimilis.

Hab. ‘Island of Cayo, Philippines; found in sandy mud, deep

water.” H. Cuming.

Long. 46 mill.; larg. 43 mill.; convex. 27428 mill. Ouverture:

long. exter. 42, iter. 32 mill.; larg. 18 mill. Spire, haut. 153 mill.

Junior. Natice fuscate, nobis (Nerita mamma veneris fuscata seu

lutea, Chemnitz, Conch., p. 282. pl. 189. f. 1932, 1933) accedens sed

diversa.

19. Natica Powrstana. Nat. testd ventricoso-ovatd, crassd, nitidd,

rufo-purpurascente, interdum rufo obscure fasciatis anfractibus

senis convexo-depressis ; infimo fascid suturali luted, latd, ornato ;

spird conico-depressd, alba seu luteo tinctd, acutd ; aperturd semi-

rotundd, intits albido-cinerascente ; columelld albd, rectiusculd,

in medio subconvead, basi crassd et oblique rectd, superne callosa ;

umbilico patulo, albo, spirali, in canalem latum extiis desinente ;

canali intis subangulato, externé costuld convexiusculd, basin ver-

sus sensim crescente, superne in’ umbilicum decurrente ; funiculo

semiovato, plano, intis convexiusculo.

Var. /5. Testd aurantio-rufescente.

Hab. ‘‘ Moluccas.” H. Cuming.

211

Long. 35 & 40 mill.; larg. 35 4 44 mill.; convex. 28 4 34 mill.

Ouverture: long. exter. 32 4 39 mill., inter. 24 a 31 mill.; larg.

15419 mill. Spire, haut. 12 a 14 mill.

Natica Cumingiana valdé affinis, basi columellz crassiori extis ob-

liqué truncata, angulo externo umbilici costeformi, rotundato, ob-

tuso et in perforatione decurrente, angulo interno canalis majore et

depressiore, apertura semirotunda, anticé dilatata sed non oblonga, et

superné aucta differt.

20. Natica Satanconensis. Nat. testd ovatd seu oblongd, ceruleo-

Suscd seu fulvd, substriatd ; anfractibus quaternis depresso-con-

vewis, superne conicis et zond aurantid marginatis ; spird conicd,

obtusiusculd, pallidé cerulescente et albo fasciatd ; aperturd semi-

rotundd, fulvo-castaned ; columelld rectd, in medio vix convexd,

supra crassd, superne angulo transverso calloso instructd, ad um-

bilicum sulco notatd ; umbilico profundo, coarctato, fulvo-aurantio ;

canali arcuato, largo, funiculo superne oblongo, basi sensim atte-

nuato modificato.

Operculum pallide fulvum, radiatim striatum, tenue, et cartilagi-

neum. Natice mamillaris, Lamk. (Natica fuscata, nobis) proxima

sed diversa.

Hab. “‘ Salango, West Colombia; found in sandy mud.” H. Cu-

ming.

Long. 26 mill. ; larg. 23 mill.; convex. 15 mill. Ouverture: long.

exter. 242 mill., inter. 20 mill.; larg. 4 4 5 mill.

21, Narica pyrirormis. Nat. testd oblongo-pyriformi, lacted, sub-

striatd, nitidd ; anfractibus 5-6 convexiusculis, elongatis, superneé

declivis : infimo ventricoso-conico, superné depresso; spird elon-

gatd, conicd, apice puncto fusco-notatd ; aperturd obliqud, sub-

semilunari, angustatd ; columelld rectiusculd, extis superné callosd,

basi cum funiculo supra compresso consolidatd, umbilico parvo,

eaterne occultante et canali arcuato profundo angustante ; labro

tenuiusculo, subpellucido.

Spird interdum superne lutescente. Anfractus ultimus sepe tenuiter

striatum : striis inter oculum et lumen hyalinis.

Hab. ‘ Tlo-Tlo, island of Panay ; found on the sand at low water,”

H. Cuming : “and from Huan river, Australia; found in sandy mud

by Lieut. Collie, R.N., ten fathoms.”

22. Nartica aurantia, Lamk.

Var. 8. Lutea seu straminea, Nerita mamilla, var. lutea, Linné,

Mus. Lud. Olr. p. 675. no. 386. Natica straminea, nobis olim.

Natica sulphurea, guorundam.

Hab. “ Philippines; found on the reefs.” H. Cuming. Var. £.

Amboina, Timor (Mus. Paris).

B. Umbilicum nudum, pervium, nec funiculatum.

* Testa subglobosa, operculum cartilagineum.

23. Natica viotacea, Sowerby, Tankerville Catal.

Natica amethystina, Lamarck’s collection.

212

Var. 3. Testd globoso-ovatd, ventricosd, albd seu lacted, maculis

luteis seu dilute chocolatis superioribus characteriformibus, medi-

anis quadratis, inferioribus oblongis quinque seriatis pictd ; colu-

melld ints et extis pulchré roseo-violaced.

Hab. “Island of Ticao, Philippines; found in coral sand at four

fathoms. Var. a. from the island of Masbate, Philippines; sandy

mud.” H. Cuming.

24. Narica Burrasiensis. Nat. testd parvuld, ventricoso-globosd,

subepidermide luteo-olivaceo albd, nitidd, levigatd, lineis luteis

longitudinalibus undulatis crebris, interdum macuiis albis majoribus

superne et in medio ventris subtriseriatis pictd ; spird parva, sub-

conicd, acutd ; apertura semirotundd, in fundo violaced ; columelld

rectd, basi crassiusculd, superne callosd, callo fusco-rubente, supra

umbilicum parvum, extern? reflerum, curvum, et angulatum, partim

occultante.

Var. 3. Testd ad suturam fascid albd, latd, spiram decurrente pictd ;

spird apice fusco-violascente.

Operculum testaceum, album, striis obsoletis ornatum, postice margine

tenuiter crenatum, anticé lined elevatd cinctum, apicem versus le-

wissime callosum.

Natica intricata (Nerita intricata, Donovan) minor, minus globosa,

umbilicus nec funiculatus differt.

Hab. * Island of Burias, Philippines ; found in sandy mud at seven

fathoms.”’ H. Cuming.

Long. 11 mill. ; larg. 114 mill. ; convex. 82. Ouverture: long. ex-

ter. 84, inter. 6 mill.; larg. 4 mill. Spire, haut. 4 mill.

25. Natica Raynoxtpiana. Nat. testd subglobosd, crassiusculd,

tenuissim? et dens? striatd, albd seu dilute aurantio-fulvd, spadiceo

trifasciatd et sepé reticulatd ; anfractibus spire depresso-convecis,

infimo rotundato ; spird depresso-conicd, subacutd, fuscd ; aperturd

semirotundd, albd ; columelld subrectd, utrinque arcuatd, superne

callosd, incrassatd ; callo albo, umbilicum extis albo-zonatum, par-

tim occultante.

Var. (3. Testd dilute aurantio-fulvd, spadiceo-trifasciatd nec reticu-

latd.

Var. y. Testd albd seu albidd maculis spadiceis triseriatis cinetd

interdum lineis reticulatd, seu lineis confluentibus subflammulatd.

Var. 6.? Testd globoso-ovatd, albd seu pallidé aurantid, lineis reti-

culatis pictd, nec fasciatd.

An Nerita arachnoidea, Gmelin, p. 3674. no. 17 ? Chemnitz, Conch.

v. pl. 188. fig. 1915, 1916, optima (Mus. Paris), non Natica arach-

noidea, Lamarck (Natica cruentata, var. trifasciata, nobis). E

Hab. ‘‘ Zanzebar, East Africa; found on the sands by Mr. T.

Thorre. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao ; found

on sandy mud.” H. Cuming. ‘Trincomalee, bay of Ceylon, by M.

Raynaud (Mus. Paris). Var. ¢. patriam ignoro.

Long. 24 mill.; larg. 27 mill.; conv. 21 mill. Ouverture: long.

exter. 20 mill., inter. 15 mill.; larg. 10 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill.

213

26. Navica Gatuapacosa. Nat. testd globoso-acutd, subepider-

mide dilute olivaceo-albd, fascia largd carneo-rufescente aut viri-

descente, supern? fascid pallide rufa cinctd ; anfractibus quinis

subplanis : infimo ventricoso, superne declivi, planiusculo ; spird

parvuld, conico-depressd, rufo-fulvd, acutd ; aperturd semirotundd,

albd, obliqud ; columelld oblique rectd, superne calloso-angulatd,

ad umbilicum parvum, partim occultante reflerd.

Operculum cartilagineum, olivaceo-fuscum lenuissime radiatim stria-

tum, aperturd teste minus. :

Hab. “‘ Gallapagos Islands; found in coral sand at Albemarle

island.”” H. Cuming.

27. Natica pisirormis. Nat. testd minimd, subglobosd, albido-

viridescente, subpellucidd ; anfractibus depressis, infimo ventricoso,

supern® sepiiis subanguloso, levigatis ; spird depresso-conicd seu

planulatd, vie exsertd ; aperturd semirotundd ; columelld rectd,

superne breve reflexd, adnatd ; umbilico punctiformi, subfuniculato.

Operculum cartilagineum, tenuiter radiatim striatum, lutescens, in

medio rubicundum ? Tale ego vidi in aperturd eddem tesia.

Hab. ‘‘ Valparaiso, Chili; found in coarse sand at forty-five fa-

thoms.” H. Cuming.

Long. 5-6 mill.; larg. 5-53; convex. 4-5 mill. Ouverture : long.

exter. 44-5 mill., inter. 34-4 mill. ; larg. 2-3 mill.

** Testd ovato-aculd, tenuiusculd, sepissimé zonatd ; columella nigro

aut fusco-purpurascente pictd ; operculo cartilagineo, oblongo ;

aperturd angustiore.

28. Natica ZanzeBarica. Nat. testd ovato-oblongd, tenui, subepi-

dermide olivaceo-albd, maculis fusco-purpureis elongatis interdum

confluentibus trifasciatd ; anfractibus senis, convexis, tenuiter et

crebre striatis : penultimo maculis bifasciato, infimo ovato ; spird

conico-acutd, albd; apice fusco, minimo ; aperturd ovato-acutd,

columella supra umbilicum adnatd, reflexd, fusco-purpurascente,

anticé vir arcuatd ; umbilico profundo, extis partim occultato.

Hab. ‘‘ Zanzebar.”” Mr. Thorre.

Long. 50 mill.; larg. 41 mill. ; convex. 32 mill. Ouvert.: exter.

42, inter. 40 mill.; larg. 24 mill. Spire, haut. 165 mill.

99. Natica Priamus. Nat. testd ovato-acutd, ventricosd, nitidis-

simd, tenu® striatd, zond pallidiore in medio cinctd : zond lateraliter

maculis spadiceis seriatis, sepiis remotis et quadratis marginatd ;

spird parvd, conico-acutd, maculis fasciatd, apice albo et puncto

Fusco notato ; aperturd ovaid, basi et antic? dilatatd, albido-fuscd ;

columelld supra umbilicum adnata, chocolatd, subarcuatd, externé

in medio albo unimaculatd et reflexd, umbilicum profundum zond

extits decurrente rufd partim occultante ; funiculo valde depresso,

vie conspicuo, in umbilicum continuato.

Var. 5. pallidiore.

Hab. ‘‘ Moluccas,’ H. Cuming: Isle of France, M. Le Colonel

Mathieu (Mus. Paris).

214

Long, 42 mill. ; larg. 40 mill.; convex. 26 mill. Ouverture: long.

39 mill. ; larg. 22 mill.

Natica maura, Lamarck’s Encyclop., Sowerby, Tankerville Cat.,

proxima sed major, ventricosior, tenuior, fasciata, columella tenuior

valde differt.

30. Natica Samarensis. Nat. testd ovato-acutd, albido et ceru-

lescente longitudinaliter pallid zonatd, fusco-spadiceo transversim

quadrifasciatd : fasciarum maculis interdum flammeformibus aut

confluentibus ; spird conico-acutd, albo cinctd; aperturd ovatd,

spadiceo-flammulatd ; columella omnind rufo-fuscd, subrectd, bast

obtuse emarginatd, supern? reflexd, supra umbilicum externe auctd ;

umbilico fere tecto, intis spadiceo.

Operculum cartilagineum, tenuiter radiato-striatum, angulo circulart

in medio notatum, luteo-fuscescens, aperturd teste multd minus.

Hab. ‘‘ Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines; under stones at

low water.” H. Cuming.

Long. 33 mill. ; larg. 25 mill. ; convex. 19 mill. Ouverture : long.

exter. 293, inter. 26 mill.; larg. 15 mill.

Natica Simie, Deshayes in Lamarck, An. s. vert. viii. p. 652. no. 45.

(Lister, Conch. pl. 142. f. 36. Ner. fasciatus @ museo Ozoniensi),

proxima, sed major, solidior, fasciis dissimilibus, columelld omnind rufo-

Suscd differt.

31. Narica srB#, Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, pl. 35. fig. 6, 7. optime ;

Seba Mus., iii. pl. 41. f. 21. optima.

Var. 3. Testd tenui, subepidermide stramineo, exalbidd, anfractibus

superne lacteo marginatis, columella et umbilico rufo-fuscis.

Operculum tenue, rubrum, longitudinaliter creberrimé transversim

radiatim valdé striatum.

Hab. ‘St. Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philippines; found under

stones. ‘This species is remarkable for the smallness of the oper-

culum; the animal covers a part of the shell when at rest.” H.

Cuming.

Var. 3. ‘Loon, isle of Bohol, Philippines; found under stones.”

H. Cuming.

December 26th, 1843.

No Meeting was held.

INDEX.

The names of New Species and of Species newly characterized are printed in Roman

Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel information

is given, in Italics:

made, in CAPITALS.

Page

Acanthidium calceus ......++ sohepssee 93

WIASTINUNTE Ses cecoest (ewcdesse sv eet ee 93

Acantholabrus imbricatus .....-.++.-. 87

Agelaius curaceus, Mol. .........0++... 113

Asriornis gutturalis, Gould ......... lll

maritimus, G.R. Gray ......... lll

Alcedo leucocephala, Lath. ...........+ 103

Anas Bahumensis? Linn. .......2-405 119

chalcoptera, Kittl. ........2020.0- 119

Rafflesii, Vig. ...coceeeseseons eee LS

specularis, King ....+..++...++ a 119

Anatina costata, SOW......+..0.sseaeeee vA

longirostris, Lam. ....0+0.+.0+0.- 76

Anser melanopterus, Eyton ......... 118

Anthus correndera, Vieill. ............ 112

Gouldii, Fraser .....sce...eee0eee 27

Antigonia, Lowe ...:.....scssesssseeeeee 85

Antigonia capros, Lowe .....2.....+++ 86

ALENT =t\vovestosssss Saison jecccnnctiinc 8

Arctibeus Jamaicensis, Leach ...... 50

Ardea Cocoi? Linn. .....0000...00e «. 116

cyanocephala, Mol. ..... eee 116

magor 2°MOl.~ cscasesecscnecesrons 116

rectirostris, Gould ....e.e0.000... 22

Pliniis MOlesaccsscsettsetsccrssace 116

PAPITUMELOSES otic cscrsecascareus states sess . 86

Astroderma plumbeum, Lowe ...... 83

coryphenoides, Bon. ....-..+-... 83

Astur unicinctus, Temm. ......+0+26. 109

Athene cunicularia ....s.cccevecreseess 109

SETORSVICI MN cacacnsadeensee-euceeres 109

Aulopus, Cuv. .ecsecceececeees pete 88, 89

Aulopus Cuvierii, Risso ...... pestyeers 84

Avicula margaritiferd ....-..++ceecese 196

Bellongia campestris, Gould ......... 81

Blennius palmicornis, Cuv. & Val. ... 86

parvicornis, LOWe .e....ceecceeee 86

strigata ....4. ee pacaneneponandonae 86

those of Species respecting which Anatomical Observations are

Page

Blennius trigloides, Cuv. & Val. ...... 87

PBC DNGTIS hes e-em eee Seek eae seat eee 86

Brama longipinnis; Lowe ......... 82, 83

longipinnis, LOWe ....0.-+---0+ 89

Rae Bi Stee ee pee 82

BY OSTRUS scree eectcecsectecetere tes 91

Bubo Virginianus, Wilson ...........- 110

Buccinum aciculatum, Lam. ......... 165

Gees, ‘Chremine yes csssctarecs a eine 168

Australey SOW. cote revdes teoeee 168

Bellangeri, Kiener ............0+8 168

bifasciatum, Petiver ...... “eOaAE 168

candidum, Born ........s0..e0000e 165

cinereum, Born ......seecseeesees 165

commaculatum, Gmel. ...........- 163

concinnum, Gualt. ...... pdesheeee 168

crenulatum, Linn. ....... HAS aA 160

dimidiatum, Linn. ...........005. 160

duplicatum, Gmel. .............08 161

felinum, Dillw. ...........0.4 ... 160

ferrugineum, Born ,..........0..+ 160

fuscatum, Brocchi .........000..- 166

geminum, Linn. ......seeeeeeeeee 168

hastatum, Gmel. .......05 webcieerd 161

hecticum, Gmel. *..322..2<.-0ce-. 168

lanceatum, Gmel. ............... 165

URCOTATUDITN. Acc ttenter cece ece 168

maculatum, Linn. .......... eseee 159

moniles Bini secsteetee erate nc cre 168

MUTINUMS PDs Kcrescecatceceece 168

pertusum, BOrn ......ee0...e-0.0s 161

phallus, Chemn. .............esee 1638

politum, Lam. ....0c.0....2..0e-000 168

proximatum, Linn. .........00.++- 163

SCQIATIUNE, SOW: ..vc.ccoesacesese 168

SIUAUUNES LAT.” os 02sp roca soe .n- 168

strigilatum, Gmel. ......... 163, 165

Stroilatij Linn. sesckscaaeteves 161

216 INDEX.

Page Page

Buccinum succinctum, Chemn. ...... 168 | Centronotus .ccccccccececcseeesceveceeees 128

Tahitensis, Gmel. .......0-40.-. 168 | Centrophorus calceus, Lowe ......... 93

Tigrinum, Gel. ....+1+0ee00002.. 160 | Centropus Senegalensis, Swains. ...... 53

vittatum, Linn. .....+..65 adeeeees 168 | Cercopithecus lunulatus, Kuhl. ...... 122

Bucco subsulphureus, Fraser ......... 3 | Ceryle torquata, Gmel. ........:.0000e 110

Bullia vittata, Gray ...ccccec.sseeeoee 168 | CHETOMYS, Gray ......ccccecsecseeees 2]

Buteo erythronotus, King .......0++.. 109 | Charadrius rubecola, King .......0.0++ 118

Cactornis inornatus, Gould....... soeee 104 Virginianus, Wilson ............ 118

CAMELUS BACTRIANUS ...eeeees. eee 50 | Chauliodes ....s.seacesecsecerses seha\.(oss 88

Cancellaria antiquata, Hinds ......... AQ..|.Chilonycterts \..ccecencstssclessepencensse 20

bicolor, Hinds .....0+0+++...-..06- 48 | Chilonycteris fuliginosus, Gray ...... 20

CONIAG vaceecessceseceessecc.asene 47 | Macheayi .iicocsccseasens Bescere. 20

corrugata, Hinds .......ssseseesee 48 | Chiton biradiatus, G. B. Sow.......... 102

Cremata, E1tid5 scccscsevscccess os 48 Janierensis ......00. sanaepata tis sive? 102

lata, Hinds ..secsecssesseseee-e 48 | Chloeephaga Magellanica, Eyton ...... 118

funiculata, Hinds .......006 eeees 48 | Chrysometris campestris, Gould...... 112

lamellosa, Hinds .........2+00-+008 49 Magellanicus, Bonap............. 113

TERILR) SOWs0 React seveiss224eeeern oe 49 | Ciconia Maguari............. weescsess - 116

LEELONOSIOTIONS » decteacie:seiacin's amen 49 Palitis® Mol. ..sccesectssecsaeeaeee -« 116

urceolata, Hinds ......cescerssse0s 47 | Circus cinereus, Vieill. .....0...c000ee 109

ventricosa, Hinds ..............- 47 Glavatula; Tar. Vesccsssceeccawecardare 38

Caprimulgus bifasciatus, Gould...... 110 | Clavatula albicans, Hinds ............ 43

Gar cide sas. odes atadepyeastnsee ses 83, 85 amabilis, Hinds ........-secsseeee 40

Capros Aper, Lacep. ...0.-.+.....+005 85 argillacea, Hinds ....... eatbees 40

Caranax luna, Geoff, .....ceeecereceeee 84 aspera, Hinds ......s0sccseeceess - 40

Carcharias falcipinnis ......0++. 5200 93 bella; Finds: i. asics aasion-ptewpiaeee 4l

TRACTIONS eran’ sing aienioalseeces BRE saa cete 93 candida, Hinds .......-seeeeeeene 42

(Prionodon) Henlei, Mill. & H. 93 CiNCLA, SOW els aap deeosmreaeeeenee 38

(Prionodon) obscurus, Mill.& H. 93 cineraria, Hinds ......0.0....0e00s 40

(Prionodon) melanopterus, Quoy ceelata, Hinds ......... Aes - 42

Ge Galmard) \cccavepacceaveccsces 93 crebricostata, Hinds...s.....0.00- 4]

Sorrah, Val., Mill., Henl. ...... 93 crenularis, Latte =. csadess sacked 38

Cardita angisulcata, Reeve ............ 193 Gebilisatitnds \. sens dalap sais 39

GOREQUS s\n: cnxadeadneepupeanticanbes 194 dentifera, Hinds .,.....ccssseseeee 44.

canaliculata, Reeve ..scseeeseeee 193 donata, Hinds .recodercscsecseceare 43

Cardioides, Reeve .......-.000... 194 duplicata, SOW. ....cceceseseons » 38

compressa, Reeve ..ssesseseeves . 194 exiced; Aids} asics savce-panseineeine 39

distorta, Reeve ....eccecsersseeee 192 felina, Lids) {nen eke Eanes ave 42

fabUla;, eCve s,05Wocasasacenncos 195 | fimbriata, Hinds ..........0-.2.00+ 43

flabellum, Reeve .........seceeeees 194 flammea, Hinds ....0..--02+.0000e 42

gibbosa, Reeve .........sesseeeee -. 192 flavidula; a. s.i essere eee 38

gubernaculum, Reeve ......++.00e 191 fulvas (Hinds 1 <cecsseusesteeeeee 44

lacunosa, Reeve ...cc.ceceeseesee - 193 glumacea, Hinds 's..00.9. 4 -tetesees 44

Marmorea, Reeve... .aeeeessneees 191 impressa, Hinds) i scseusse¥gucean 44

naviformis, Reeve ...se.eereeeees 194 | leta, Aids .\. 054.02 deste eee 41

Nitida, Reeve ...ccecccecescercrees 192 | Inctuosa, Hinds ........cceeeseeeee 40

nodulosa, Reeve ....esceeceesseees 194 | merita, Hinds ........ses0ccseesees 42

Ovalis, Reeve sasuccrsscnevevadaciae 193 | mietula, Hinds). «547. 2...e eee 44

pectunculus, REEVE .ssecceseesseee 192 | MICANS, LMGS sn nastceastan eee 43

pica, Reeve ......-..000. cnr 191 moilitaris, Hinds. ..gteceseudeemees 38

radula, Reeve ....cecceccsssresccae 191 MUutica, Ft ASivarestocaseeeaien 43

Semen, Reeve |... ...cesecccesecsees 193 neglecta, Hinds .csscnssdeseunupes 45

Senegalensis, Reeve ...sesee0eee 192 MULES, e078) ences seve Feceyaca 41

tegulata, Reeve ...c..cessoerseees 194 occata, Hinds .........00. pene cana 4]

EFAPERIA sereceeeae padthaeesanarne 194 papillaris, Hinds ......0..00...008 42

volucris, Reeve sesseceveeeeeeeeee 192 Pardalis, Hinds) (chest sducwsassns 42

Cathartes atratus, Swains. ...........- 108 plumbea, Hinds ..............s000 41

Tota, Mol. ....... ae eee 108 politay, Tip asieys < ccc penmestan ke ve Ad

monachus, Temi. ...+eese0e00++- 51 Pudica Hands techn: * scuba wees 4)

Cops ined cdineddssdragah ton dae Te 93 Pyramis, Hinds ...cccecsees soma 42

Page | Page

Clavatula quisqualis, Hinds ......... 44 | Conus lentiginosus, Reeve .......00+0+ 177

RAN VET ENITS tasoncneeet ssn seuvences 39 LiBNATIUN;, LEEDEl i stpices sss 0-- 13

HELGE, WELT tice eds scaseceqscseae 44 Uignarius, REeVe .2.....00..+005105 180

PUPIGA, ENUS faces ocvovsarsosessss 45 litdtoys, Rebbe ae ntceachonecs t= 181

FODUStA, INS <.snwacwasceccses « 89 UR AUS er nt eas cel ccasatenenaes 178

rubida, Hinds ....... eteere secede 40 magnificus, Reeve ....0.000--.... 13

rubiginosa, Hinds ....... ial 43 mahogani, Reeve ..sssseesseveee 169

ROGIATIN, HELENS) ccs cicsucetasases 39 Martinianus, Reeve ......cecee-eee 173

sculpta, Hinds ......see+0e+ eeeonag 39 MEFCALOT AUC. Cass cudasavsuce ones 173

Sinensis, Hinds ......cececseerees 39 Metealfit; Weave! 5. ci. cesccseescss 171

YRC eet ELIS N vadanncacocossnes 39 Minutus, Reeve ......eecceaeee ... 179

spurca, Hinds ......s.s..seeeees ae. POO. Neptunus, Reeve ....cscsseeeeeeees 13

tessellata, Hinds .......sceecreeees 44 nitidus, Reeve .........+ nnsteiace 180

textilis, Hinds .......00+ Se sreest *, 43 MVOSUSI vo dh koawises cues oneducns ee 177

Clupea laticostata, Lowe ....++6. ses 90 orbitatus, Reeve .......0.... 170, 173

Leachits Yarrell <..:..csscssecs.+s 90 IPURIN SS PeUP eter ca shncnecapsceceoe 175

MOI PICUIE eases ccckaretnce..<sdsenecess 89, 90 PICU. NCHUG ta eagdees cceneencttns 168

Coceyzus ferrugineus, Gould ......... 105 piperatus, Reeve ......cececesssees 175

Collurio Smithii, Fraser .........sese0e 16 | plumbeus, Reeve ........eseeeeneee 178

Columba Boliviana, D’Orb. ....++.+. 115 pygmeeus, Reeve ....... ae dearede aa LED

PMCRTOYU PIII". cscccostaenvev ans 115 radiatus, Chemn. ...cosceseceees 172

Columbina strepitans, Spix ......-++++ 115 scalptus, Reeve .essecececerees eae URE,

Conurus cyanolysios, Mol. ....+++++++ 114 SINGON; RECVE ccacccsconesesase-a> 175

Conus, genus, Auct. ......... saeesins 168 MCCUTUT) Was Canstans une cns der setees 174

Conus aculeiformis, Reeve ..... waeeaasy LAO 4 Stainforthii, Reeve .....sse...-s00 12

gwemulus, Reeve ..ccscseccccesrees 179 sugillatus, Reeve ....sccsseseeeeess 177

ambiguus, Reeve ............ee0ees 177 SUNOS Eee nassamnanessvereetcattes 173

aplustre, Reeve ...cececessseeeee 171 Suturatus, Reeve ......seseeecsseee 178

Archiepiscopus ...ceccccceereeres 173 TApICUS RE CE LT on ccccceccce sven 177

attenuatus, Reeve ......see0000+- 180 fares llcrs Marte Diigsc.ccesetence 173

beeticus, Reeve’ .......ccceccesees 174 temigleniuamie. wes cnss esenacey teats 173

Broderipii, Reeve ........see00+ 179 GHISETS, PICZO. Na vacscanceacnebccapee 178

bulbus, Reeve ............ Svenaee 171 trochulus, Reeve ....sscsccssseseee 177

Duxeus, Leeve ...rccecccececseceees 180 ustulatus, Reeve ...coscccccccseces 176

UUDTHAEUS ee atecas cece css sscase se ee ye} verriculum, Reeve ccccccecceesee 173

castus, Reeve ...ecc..eee Saree . 180 MICAPIUS, LAM. ca. savecsecne a-Mewas 173

Clerii, Reeve .........06 Bee ca vanee 175 Victoriz, Reeve ......ssseeccevees 172

cocceus, Reeve ....... See casas 174 VIA, PRCCUE we sensncigsecoonsnc 79, 169

COMME AE Iecsee Ne PAY are MAE, 176 violaceus, Reeve ..... oucaceabhnens 176

conspersus, Reeve .....sseeeeeees 180 | Corbula, Bruguiére.........seses...00 55

crepusculum, Reeve ......+00+++ 178 | Corbula albuginosa, Hinds............ 56

‘cuneolus, Reeve ......cesceseeeeee 173 costellata, Deshayes ............ 77

RAUCH Sir cos Smear oe oes Se cewann 181 CLASSE, | ETUMGS har cane ceendceserecace 55

Deshayesii, Reeve .....ceceseeeee 168 GUneata, HAUAIS Jv encssucveescarcs 55

elongatus, Reeve ....... aesetassdeas 170 ADAG EIRIGS) cena sscaventuderescaaied 59

epistomium, Feeve ......ce.000+5- 174 faRlata FLimUS. xs caedeicesac tees 58

SEIU TACT EL. cP OO EDA CEECCEDPEE 175 AAG MELINA 5 caeesaseascane vaxtas 56

exaratus, Reeve .....ccccccsceesse 176 eburnea, Hinds .......... oe 0 58

FONVUS;PRECUC Sac ticececciacecsece ce 79 levis, Hinds ......+ pap ee is ies ea 59

geographus, var., Brod. ........- 170 marmorata, Hinds .....-.0....00+ 58

Gray; Reeve se. s.0.0ccscwosesss .. 179 MOdesta; BINS (2. cscasernsciesenee 57

Griineri, Reeve ........eeeceeeeee 175 monilis, Hinds .........008. Sette te

Guinaicus ...cc..006 Fo PE RC 179 obesa, Hinds ..... wR Me pepenes 57

incarnatus, Reeve ......0eeeeee0e 174 pallida, Hinds ....... tented es ist 55

inscriptus, Reeve .....seceseereeeee 171 ROMESSUEIENISD war euee Gos ccusscveves 57

intermedius, Reeve .........+++ ... 168 quadrata, Hinds .........seeeeeees 57

iodostoma, Reeve —....0....seeeee 170 MAGLRLE SOW axe candiescs.ecs son cemneld!

WOM cperees ie. eek seus a rsaean -- 170 rostrata, Deshayes ..........6.... 76

lacteus; var? Lam. .....0...0000s 173 WOUALIS, FRINGES 2. xaans svaces ds dyace 56

JAMEUS}EREEBDES?S, .Rev vou cescstecvese 179 scaphoides, Hinds ...scssescceees 56

218 INDEX.

Pace Page

Corbula similis, Hinds .......++.-.005 56 | Cyclostoma translucidum, G. &. Sow. 29

solidula, Hinds ....-ssc.tccveeess 58 | Cygnus nigricollis ........0sseeseeeeee 118

speciosa, Hinds ......+- abt OY | (Cymacephalus: <iscn<ccccnans=sbenesaceees 10

trigona, Hinds «s+... Syeonreases 58 | Cynocephalus Anubis ......000s0....008 10

tunicata, Hinds ....... Se 55 choras, Ovilby — ..s..s0ss-.s-sn0e 12

Coriocellus, Blainv. .....+.-+sseceeeerees 137 RGMGATYOS” oe. ccescvge- cobs <esaaeee 10

Corsira Temlyas .......... Aaadsbse= yO TS SDRIND v0 +090-cnssseehansacsmanenalsy 10

ErOpicalis _..0...ceeseseesrerrosace 79 Thoth, Ogilby ........-2-s+000-e00e ll

Coryphena velifera, Pall. ....+..--4++ 83 | Cyprea leucostoma, Gask. ...........- 23

Coryphenid@ ...... shapes ops reiettern ss 82 Mas, Uinn. casncsnshaseesacee pawn (AD

Coryphilus Dryds secceesereeeeeseeees 103 Saulee,, Gask.. - cs.ncauete ss eeeaan 23

Crenilabrus luscus .......+++ eearewanens 87 | Cypricardia, Genus ................ - 195

Cricetomys Gambianus, Waterh. 51 | Cypricardia coralliophaga ............ 196

Crithagra? brevirostris, Gould ...... 112 | decussata, Reeve .......0.---seeee , 195

Cubiceps .....-..cseccorcceseses eceRES 82 CUINGICD, scores annseatee one aenouse a 9G

Cuculus rubiculus, Swains,. ......++++++ 52 incarnata, Reeve .......00--+ BGs RROD

Cuspidaria, Navd0 ...s.s.e1.eeeceeee ee 76 laminata, Reeve .........+eceeeees 196

Cyanotis omnicolor, Swains. ......... 112 Obesa, Reeve ....ccseccsseceesses» 196

Cyclostoma ssereeseaseenereceees 29, 59, 46 Serrata, Reeve .....<2.cosensnatone 195

Cyclostoma acuminatum, G. B. Sow. 65 Solenoides, Reeve .........20000 196

aquilum, G. B. Sow. .....2...++ 61 vellicata, Reeve .....ceecssesere «- 195

atricapillum, G. B. Sow. ....+. 64 vellicata, Reeve ...cee.sscescovees 197

Brasiliensis, G. B. Sow. ......... 29 | Cyprinide ................ Sates eees 89

ciliatum, G. B. Sow. ......-++... 65 | Daption Capensis, Steph. ............ 119

Cincinnus, G. B. Sow. ... «..-- 60 | Delphinula adamantina, Duclos ...... 142

clathratulum, G. B. Sow. .....- 30 Cidaris, Reeve ...secceeeseeeee Jets

concinnum, G. B. Sow. .......-- 61 | Clathrata, Reeve .....cceccceeeeees 143

corrugatum, G. B. Sow. ......++. 30 Cobijensis, Reeve .....+see2--00. 143

fibula, G. B. Sow. ......0c2seeeee 62 depressa, Reeve ........seeseeeees 142

fulvescens, G. B. Sow. ...s0+0 63 | discoidea, Reeve .s.sescecececeeees 142

giganteum, G. B. Sow. .....-.+- 30 evoluta, Reeve ....... aa athee asackue 142

goniostoma, G. B. Sow. ......... 64 Muricata, Peeve .ecsceececcesceees 142

Helicoides, G. B. Sow. ....-.005 65 WOK OMG rensaeceseceat panailecneee + 142

immaculatum, Chemn. ......++- 63 Scalaroides, Reeve ...ce.ecceeeves 141

insigne, G. B. Sow. .....2-..+2000+ 62 Sydered, Jicene: | sco: 2.cewsosgsatee 143

irroratum, G. B. Sow. .........06. 61 | WATICOSA, RGCUC. cnacucancduneatche 142

Ja@ie, GAY Nosesscevesse>-eeaasvens 63 Dendrodramus leucosternon, Gould... 112

linguiferum, G. B. Sow. ......... ol Diana semilunata, Risso sascececaees 84

lingulatum, G. B. Sow. ...+.+-+- 64 | Diaphasia ...... Wiet dvasssasct eee §2

Disteri, G.B. Sow. ...---.esasres 31 | Diaphasiaacus ....... rr ree 92

luteostoma, G. B. Sow. .....++++ G2 || Didelphys. cccccacnssesnde aeceeeeene 132

maculosum, G. B. Sow. ......+6+ 66 | Didelphys elegans ...ccceceeeeeeevereee 132

ANIMIOS, Cr De SOW. we eas cbcoce 65 SNEPULUS | \suindandeniecdces ops sce eTaene 145

mucronatum, G B. Sow. ...... 63 QURCE. 25. aan scang eee oe ee 79

nitidum, G. B. Sow. ....0.+++.-- 60 | Dinornis didiformis, Owen .........06. 144

Panayense, G. B. Sow. ......--- 62 | dromaoides, Owen .....-seseerees 145

parvum, G. B. Sow. ......-+++0. 66 | giganteus, Owen .....cseccovcecens 145

perplexum, G. B. Sow. 63 Nove-Zealandia, Owen ......... 8

pileus, G. B. Sow. ......esseeees+ 31 | Otidiformis, Owen .....0+¢-..00s 145

plebeium, G. B. Sow. ........-.:. 60 Struthoides, Owen ......... 144, 145

pusillum, G. B. Sow. .........+s- 59 | Diodon reticulatus ..........--cessssses 93

rugulosum, G. B. Sow. ......+ 29 TEVULOLUS. ..0.s0ce0s scope unentnavee 93

rufescens, G. B. Sow. .....s..0+-- 60 | PELTINILS clu auss teeso. pe vader ssmes Go

semistriatum, G. B. Sow. ...... 29 |, Dinduntid@’ «oss .ccessaneooe eee tossed 93

semisulcatum, G. B. Sow. .....- 62 | Diomedea culminata, Gould ......... 107

spurcum, G. B. Sow. ..ssesseoeee 60 | Diplopterus Guira, Gray ....0..--00s 121

stramineum, Reeve ......-....-..- 46 | Donax carinata, Hanley .......0.10..-+ 5

substriatum, G. B. Sow. ........- 61 | dentifera, Hanley .seccsesseee owe. 6

suturale, G. B. Sow. ..0......05+ 29 | pulchella, Hanley ......seecsee0e 6

tigrinum, G. B. Sow. ........+++- 30 punctato-striata, Hanley ......24. 5

INDEX. 219

Donax semisulcata, Hanley .......+. 5

Drymoica lateralis, Fraser ......++ ax “16

mentalis, Fraser sssccscsseceeees «. 16

BUGAS EP POSETS evade ccccupetive ds Poe |

ruficapilla, Fraser ...sec0c000.-. 16

rufogularis, Fraser ...ssc.eceeeee ef

Strangei, Fraser .....00..seses ses 16

uropygialis, Fraser ......000-- 17

Eburna monilis, Schumacher ......... 168

Echiostoma, Lowe .........++ Sevclaveees 87

Echiostoma barbatum, Lowe ......+++ 88

Elanus dispar ....cc..seescssssseeeessees 109

Elasmatina Cumingiana, Pet. de la

bitte Pansy esse sactenecannacasenezs® saan 2

globosa, Pet. de la Sauss. 0. 3

Reclusiana, Pet. dela Sauss.... 2

subulata, Pet. dela Sauss. ...... 2

Emberiza luteocephala, D’Orb. .. 113

Enoplosum, Laceyp. ....... seremiecena yee 85

Equula ...... spansvadecenuscasteresat +. 86

Erismatura ferruginea, Eyton wees 119

Erycina cuspidata, Risso ........4. 76

Esocideé ...... nap stnatacdpedticcesees 87, 89

ORD tates cs csns <eceeasi= Sone aubealeatitins 88

Estrilda rufopicta, Fraser ......0.-06 27

Eudromia elegans, D’ Orb. ....2.000005 116

Falco anatum, Bonap. ...seeeeeeeeees 109

Femoralis, Temm. s..ss00.0..0000 109

Fierasfers, Cuv. ...00..00000 pastnvaae soe

Fluvicola cyanirostris, D’Orb. «..... 120

Fringilla alaudina, Kittl. ............ 113

Diuca, Mol. ....... pth. scaeeked 113

Wruticeti, Kittl, Sasceset.scveoones 113

Gayi, Edoy. & Gerv. .........005 113

Pulica galeata, G.R. Gray ......... 118

Pusus pagodus, Less. ....s.0es.0eeeeess 185

Scalarinus, Deshayes —......... 168

Gadella gvacilis, Lowe .......... wm Ol

Gadide .... Ga davesteeabes stesereeiaeree 90

MERI CILh I S\nocdtass»saneieas «scares sdeede 86

Gallinula crassirostris, J, E. Gray... 118

Geositta (Furnarius) canicularia, G.

RUG AM Gans tcc sass acacestatee nce sel 11 |

Gerre Plumieri, Cuv. et Val. ......... 86 |

Glareola cinerea, Fraser .......-++ «26 |

lactea, Temm, .........eeseeeees 26 |

forquata,, Tem: ....0..cveee 53

Gobide ....... soeateadl Feu HC eevee 86

Hematopus niger, Temm. ......2.+.4- 116

palliatus, Temm. «........ wee 116

Haleyon cyanotis, Swains. .......+.++ 5

leucogaster, Fraser .......s+see0e+ 4 |

saurophaga, Gould ......s..s0000 103

Haliaéius Aguia, Temm. .......0.06 108 |

Harpiprion Cayanensis (Ibis Faicinel-

lus, Ordi),, Bonaps) ..0..cs..csseesees 117 |

Herodias Galatea, Mol. .......6.20+00+ 116 |

GOCE i ccceeseosnecdseeevss powesaen L1G: |

Heteromys Desmarestiana ......00000 79 |

Hiaticula bifasciata veeccicceseseeees 118 |

Page

Himantopus nigricollis, Vieill. ...... 117

Hirundo leucopygia, Licht. ......... 110

leucosoma, Swains. ....ccceccceees 51

THypsiprymnus — sevesseeee Suede esesccael’ (3

Fp [email protected]<edevasvetsccstetaruestvin ee 20

Flystrix subspinosus sesrsscerccceneeee 21

Teterus Thilius, Mol. \scicsdeccadecves 113

Ispida bicincta, Swains. ......0006... 51

Labrida@ ....c.006 eescutdubcedenccenee cae 87)

Lagotis pallipes, Bennett .........06. 132

Lampris .1..++ Seeemwteniu ae soe . 84

Lamprotornis chrysonotus, Swains.... 52

Larus brachyrhynchus, Gould ...... 106

dominicans, Licht. ....0.......00+ 119

Leiodomus vittata, Swains. ...... +. 168

Leipoa.. edevacdevsdeueeadtsecasedess! LOU

Lépidoleprus ceblorliyaclas, Risso ... 92

Lepus Hibernicus, Yarr. ....c..0.e0e0.. 75

Leucosticte griseogenys, Gould ...... 104

tephrocotis, Swains. ........+++ 104

ERCHENGDEN conedse dca aveevues vesrerda sect 120

Lichenops erythropterus, Gould ...... 110

perspicillata, G.R. Gray ..... 110

LGHAG S ichacs ennveveshs sds voc nee cats ewes 2D

Lima angulata, Sow. jun, soaesttes . 23

Bullata, Turton .....ccscseeeseeee 23

Cumingii, G. B. Sow. ......+ ecase ae

fragilis, Chem. ......se0es0+0+ . 23

Loscombii, Leach ...see.sseseeee 23

Limosa Hudsonica, Swains. ......... 118

Loranthus tetrandrus ....00..++ moeceewe 115

Loxonema, Phill. .........0008 Neate ees 167

Luvarus imperialis, Raffl. ............ 84

Macroglossus minimus ......00006 ee §=67

Macronyx flavigaster, Swains. ...... 51

Macrophyllum ws.seeseeee dees savesveesse 20

MGEratis.o)s-. des ss cau. ceetdeveners Neen 50

Macrotus, n. g. ...eeseeeeee See 21

Macrotus Waterhousii, Gray ......... 21

Macrouride wees Sepia. OT

Macrourus Bilan tiasaes Lowe BP $2

Jeevis, LOWe ..cctssccucdecdves staves 92

rupestris, Bloch ............s00+ «. 92

serratus, Lowes. seecadecutlecvesy 91

Mamillate, Récluz ....... Savncseteeeds 208

Mangelia, Leach ....... Gokotestedecss 45

Mangelia celebensis, Hinds ......... 46

cinnamomea, JTinds .......ee005 45

coronata, Hinds ...... AAT Dee 45

Goodalit, Leach’ (sis cse eerie 45

Oryza, Hinds! e..<..eedvsedb cove 46

vittata, Hinds ....... Gwepsvescus 45

NSNIS) os Soccoceaxau av evecaessctuceeiuiies 20

Manis multiscutata, Gray .......s006 22

multiscutata, Gray ses...seceeeees 53

tetradactyla.~ves,.c-Sctcccesess 22, 53

Mareca Chiloensis, Eyton .......... bY

Mesodesma complanatum ....0:0++.-+005 102

planum, Hanley .........-s0eeeee 1G2

triquetrum, Hanley ....600.0.cceee 101

220 INDEX.

Page

Megaderma....... rarer \staceaeme nebo 69 | Mustela frenata, Licht. ....

Megaderma Lyra ...+.+. sesseseseeeeee 69 | Mya rostrata, Chemn. meer

Philippinensis, Waterh. ......... 69 semistriata, Hanley ....... feet 6

trifolium, Geofh. ...sseecsersereeee 69 | Myiobius albiceps, G.R. Gray ...+.. 110

Megalornis, Owen ....... sbescwa eens 19 parvirostris, Gould ......2.-.+... 110

Melania arcudta .sssee.sscvcseseersees .. 167 | Myopotamus Coypus, Auct. ......... 129

Merganetta armata, Gould ........-... 119 | Myrmecobius .rsccccesevoee Petcare 148

Merlucius vulgaris, Cuy. ......++0+ - 90 | Narica, Récluz .......... ie vsveceeces .. 136

Merria, Gray, <sncrecppsanene=saonsen aes 136 | Narica Blainvilleana, Récl. ......... 141

Merria cancellata, Gray .......+.+++ -. 136 cidaris,, REcl. ...0s-.keken odeceres 137

Metopias .....+. pec taes Bae moseenadecscth MOO Cumingiana, Récl. ............055 139

Metopias Typhlops, Lowe .........+++ 90 | Deshayesiana, Récl. ............ 138

Microstoma ....00.... bthwsahredstvaces 88 distans, Récl. 5. ii.cieec..eeseee 140

Milvago pexoporos, Meyen es...0.++02+ 109 SIADERTUNG., - wwe cieuceneaeeree eet 136

Mimus Thenca, Mol. ......e+ee0e.0000+ lll granulosa, Récl. ..........cs.c000s 140

tricaudatus, D’Orb. ..... aeuaee 120 Gueriniana, Récl. ..........00005 139

Molothrus niger, Gould .....+.+.. aie MQ) ldingllosalic. ddI eee 137

Mora Mediterranea, Risso ......... 89, 91 ligata, Récl::). owe 138

Moscuus JAVANICUS, Pall. ......... 66 margaritacea, Récl. .............05 137

STANLEYANUS, Gray .........05 66 Orbigniana, Récl. ..........200.. 140

Matas oS scsear vee arevan wens aces 91 Petitiana, Récl. ........e.csceeees 1388

Mugil auratus, Risso ......ssseeseeseee 86 Quoyi,,Réel. “anova 137

Cephalus, Cuv. & Val.....-....... 86 FASCAy LLECI Ain an de Ulaaceeervennecte 140

chelo, Syn. sesvene pid siesoswasece sO sigaretiformis, Récl. ..........4- 141

Maderensis .srevcccecessescers sae 86 sigaretiformis, Récl. ........604+ 137

Mugilide saieneepnitvecss ae saeveeauek. OO striata,.D’Orlione. :eoa sede Peenees 137

Mulinia Donaciformis — ....00...e0e000 102 | SUICAEG crcvieira ss Gre eeetcdeoerente 137

Murex ananas, Hinds ...seceesseeees 127 tuberosissima, Récl. .........005 136

Antillarum, Hinds ........se00e0s 126 | Natica, genus .............csceceeseeeees 204

Belcheri, Hinds ....0...cseceseees 127 | Natica amethystina, Lam. ............ 211

Californicus, Hinds ......-+-ss000. 128 Ar Achnoidea. . ciccde aces tetveue wen 211

Capensis. iacersvsaccevod ainectave 127 areolata, Récl..........-.s000+ 204, 206

cirrosus, Hinds ...cs.eesee sre es. aurantia, Lam. .....s.ceeeseeeeee 211

EMATEUNGLUS -, aatdlanandess.veiccuaes 128 Broderipiana, Récl. ...........+.+ 205

festivus, Hinds | ..sseccesscseese-- 127 Buriasiensis, Récl. .............05 212

foveolatus, Hinds. ss..ce..ceeeeee 127 canrena, RéCle.< «saves suchoventen 207

gravidus, Hinds ,scrcccecsecoceses 128 Colliel, Réclay Sees. om ecewete 206

hamatus,, Winds... sosreseads scvscsels 128 CT. UCNEGEG: conic «a toldaee se eee 212

MONOCEYOS «aseeee Pacbaaeks vasteple 128 Cumingiana, Récl. .......... vee 210

Motacilla, Sow. ...000...00+ pe nety 126 dubia, Réck. ...0.civewechstun ieee 209

Nuttall. | o'Sepstposeresn shed saae 128 Blenz;:Récl. \.,.isseelewestioes 205

peritus, Hinds secsovecssesseeaee 129 euzona; Récl:: 2. is0sk Avives eee 204

PIMMIPEK Ac anceenes vaebeene -ameesrses 127 Fanel, Adans. .......++.0005+ 206, 207

radicatus, Hinds ..+....0+0s ghee 128 Flemingiana, Récl. ...........0645 209

TOSATIUM seaseeeee Hoe -. 127 Flemingiana, Récl. ........2.06645 209

Muricanthus, Swains. .,..... gsthan ener 128 fulgurans, Récl. .....0.ssc.seeveus 206

Muricites costatus ...ccccccsecececscees 167 FUSCOEG jivecinns «vt fee e ge 210

Mus Coypus, Mol. ..... eon. atten acer AZO Gallapagosa, Iécl. .........0..0+ 213

cyanus, Mol. (2: .sssdseeeeasseae=e . 131 Gambie, .Réels ys 5... oeanced Seas 207

decumanus, Linn. seerereeseseeee OL Gualteriana, Réch. ............065 208

longicaudatus, Benn. .++...+++ «. 129 margaritacca, Potier ..........+. 137

longipilis, Waterh. ..... dae sse> . 129 Marochiensis, Lam. ......+.-+.- 207

TASGNGCG:. veryebinoccaseasescinceee 79 MUTA, AM». jasesecevetausedenees 214

TeBuing | «yacussvedssuanavivaatna'ss rae () orientalis, Récl. ........ceceeeeees 205

Muscipeta Smithii, Fraser ........... 34 Panameensis, Récl. .........0.000+ 208

tricolor, Fraser sesccccescessceess 4 pavimentum, Récl. ..........-060 208

Muscisaxicola mentalis, D’Orb. ...... 112 picta, Bel... secaneaetvesteccvdve 204

migra, Less. . sssceseeessseeeeeeees LIZ Powisiana, Récl. .......2:seese0eee 210

rufivertec, D’Orb. -cseees-ceerees 112 Priamus, Récl. ........0ceeeeeees 213

Muscivora Tyrannus, Gray sieseeee. 120 pyriformis, Récl. 2... ceeceeeeee 211

INDEX. 221

Page Page

Natica Raynoldiana, Récl. ............ 212 | Nerita Mertoniana, Récl. ....,......- 71

Salangoensis, Récl. .............+5 211 Michaudiana, Récl...........0+0+ 72

Samarensis, Récl. ..........00055 214 nebulata, Reel. s.ocdcbigsedeencabodte 74

BER WHLCH M ecals canon <deobslueipity 214 Or binyand ..asa<ssddenadeebs <sasi= 202

Demi, Desh. .ccccocevacscasevacies 214 Oualianensis, Less. .......++++++++ 72

SEOUL ED, ch esas ishoas paces op 211 pennata, Desm. ........seseeneeee 202

Wer ines CCL. & . ocarte gous Pep heeee 210 Pfeifferiana, Récl. ......seeseeees 72

WIGIGCEA, A SOU ors 2 Ssacnedeast sean’ 211 Powisiana, Récl. ......c-cccvyeess 71

Zanzebarica, Récl ............065 213 Royssiana, 2téel.. ...,5cnuesss-satem 72

ANAT ee OE re ee 204 Rumphii, Réel. ...... 200, 201, 202

Maviceiia, Lam, .J0s.5...0<sedaaneen od: 197 SayanayIeGheys, ws..u-ntacwedegate 199

Navicella Cookii, Récl. ..........0.00+ 197 Siquijorensis, Récl. ...........0+++ 198

Tie, Perousdi, RCM iscaseccooand-ice 197 Spengleriana, Récl. ...........605- 201

lineata REGlic 3:...cantaed eae sive 198 (Clithon) subpunctata, Réel. ... 199

Neera abbreviata, Forbes .........0+5 75 Turton, CCl, oxe sistas aluc.csuadaves 71

attenuata, Forbes........cc.eseeees 75 violucea, Gel. ........0e.eeeeeee 198

Casta, Hinds ....c..scciscecsesces 77 virgined, Lam. -....2..eeeeeeeees 199

Chinensis, Gray ......0.c0.s00e00s 9G: | Denatena, Taas wisn - teva cos -anncadesees= 198

concinna, Hinds ..........0..0000s 97 | Neritina lugubris, Lam. .............-- 72

COSC AG ETC ES aesissrssnhe caput esoraels as 77 piperata, SOW. ...s.seececeecenvenee 202

costellata, Deshayes ......... 75,77 | Nocthura perdicaria, G. R.Gray ... 115

cuspidata (Olivi), Hinds......... AG | Minetla. apiece seoasacGee ir dsstccke cos ocak 97

PUSOIAREG screeds cio saseet queens ,78 | Nucula arctica, Brod., Sow. .......-- 79

didyma, Hinds (chi. sascac-ewscse 738 Belcheri, Hinds .........s-++0+e: 98

elegans, Hinds .......0..c0ce00e 76 cwelata, Hinds ............-seseeee 99

Gouldiana, Hinds .............++ 77 castrensis, Hinds — .....0.+<ss0ee. 98

Myalina, Handset). secashs.steseus 76 OOBBOIAIE: 65 vide tenadas ashame tance 98

YANG, SOW. oie coverncoacasacewe 76 CYASSHSEEANOS ernment ass pns pede eas 99

iridescens, Hinds .........2..04. 78 Crispa, Hinds .....00r0s-0sacneres 100

CTE Ce ee Se 79 Cumingii, Hinds ..........-..0++5 97

Opalina; Hinds. .<:..nevensinnecavn 78 declivis, Hinds .....s.0..cnse0-s 98

Philippinensis, Hinds ............ 78 divaricata, Hinds .........+s064- 97

MORALE INOS) ox sncn sr eweaesed fasbnks 78 excavata, Hinds ........sc.esesee+ 100

Singaporensis, Hinds ............ he Neifay FAAS ccm escnaNaup et siemens 99

RrIBONA Hands). > J das adhe a seensined 78 lyrata, Hinds .....0..+2eeeeeeeeee 100

Nectarinia flavigastra, Gould ......... 104 marmorea, Hinds .....-.1+-0++++ 98

Neophron niger, Less. ........2.-+0s00++ 51 Mitralis, Hinds .........+-e+-+++- 97

Nerita, genus, Lam. ...........0s00065 198 Wana, Minasivyie pak cseemsieasese 98

Nerita Afra, Sow. ....0......00-ereeees 198 Nicobarica, Lam. .......-020005+ 99

Africana; REC) .dsscascssgdances 198 | er Cee SMES 97

aplata, Reel.) (\..<c-esannasemabanen 72 EUG s) hesteeesenacasetpe taaahades 100

Urania, REC 6. ocs.e- eens fepesioay 200 puellata, Hinds. ..........sse+00ee 100

Besniana, Rech, <c.ccsecdescesinsoe 200 | pulchra, Hinds .....0..:00+.+00e+ 97

Bicolor, REC saiensdhonsebuvoondes 200 | TECta) HANGSIN sese sas conpsehanenas 100

Brasiliana, Récl. ..........2000+ 199 reticulata, Hinds ........+--eseeees 100

cancellata, Chemn. .......-..++0++ 136 | retusa, Hinds) \..:<.ansuacpasern tans 99

crepidularia, Lam. .......--+.-+++ 198 SCNOUING Ras cds soe sth as dees seen 99

Cuprina, Réel. 025 csinesaseseesay>ei 72 | tenella, 2inds ..<s.encath<vasanisbne 99

(Clithon) Da Coste, Réci. ...... 199 | tumida, ids. .ancotdionnsapaatns 98

Donovana, Réel. .....sceeseeene 0 73 | ventricosa, Hinds .....--...+++0 100

GUD we O55 rcs Snag ok aide aos 73 , Numenius Hudsonicus, Lath. ...... 117

glabrissima, Brown .......0++++ 136 | Nyeticorax Americanus, Bonap....... 116

Grayana heel, poe « aavenansns 200 cyanocephalus, Mol. ......++++4+ 116

Puttata, Rech. <. son cepee yoshi o> 199 | Octodon Cumingii ......... 111, 129, 180

FUiGsily RECH.G «ae enbasthhs sacsen¢ 201 | Odontophorus Guianensis ........+..+ 107

OVE TECh.,.. scabeeeete + saunadayes 72 | Opetiorhynchus nigrofumosus, G. R.

Deachti; Rech sect. vescuexeaeveens 199 GRA pe een eet Sox cnpin a Mo sainie sadyen 111

mamma Veneris juscata seu | vulgaris, G. R. Gray .....--+++-- lll

lestea; CHEMIN cs avcecF+sdsxdencs 210 | Ophidtidae viccsesercocccesseeves Seth OSS»;

222

Page

Ophidium Fierasfers, Risso ......... 92

Ophidium imberbe, Linn. ............ 92

Oreophilus totanirostris, Jard. & Selb. 117

Ornismya Allardi 2.0.06... c0scee eee 122

UB OMAPAT ACE ites. dace ssasecte actus 122

ENS CNA at Sccsrese sc 122

GbrINIO Ts sccae ca oes cnee es 122

ReleropowOnyr:. enc csatoreccees- ote 122

as Presrianyer i eee den ccesie 122

MICTOThYNChA .......seceeeeeeeenee 122

PAU i Eat ietess cesses acne 122

smaragdinocollis, D’Orb. ....... 122

DENNINCNTE seveccdsvetcecesdvest ss 122

VOSA nek ee seete sats casecns te sone 122

GT IUERICHTATES: J veces s-cscccecuncdeces secs 145

Ornithichnites giganteus, Hitchcock 146

UNBONSUTICCHS Wess cee ewes ceccse esse 146

ORF TRON Soe Sas aa le tet eeece ache se 107

Ortyx fasciatus, Gould .............05 133

leucophrys, Gould .............4. 132

lewcotis,\Gouldierescce.cts.ccccck 133

(Odontophorus) marmoratus,

COLE eS PE UN ee 107

(Odontophorus)strophium,Gould 134

parvicristatus, Gould ............ 106

DUNMING Mandeewes Mikcee ce cen ree tks 107

Oras? Cardia een Neon seek scene 144

Otus palustris, Gould .............2..05 110

Oxyurus dorso-maculatus, D’Orb. ... 112

Parhysoma ieee, ope, 67

Pachysoma amplexicaudatum, Geoff. 67

brevicaudatum, Geoff. ............

titthecheilum, Temm. ............ 67

Passer Jagoensis, Gould............... 52

Simplex, SWainses232..2....0cn0e+- 52

Pectunculus assimilis -..........00.0000- 190 |

aurifinus; Reeve’ oo. S 34

bicolor; Meeve Sek sseesteeee ses. 79

cancellatus; Reeve .............+- 88

Delessertii,; Reeve * .............0% 190

formosus, Reeve’ .:.22200.2......5- 189

giganteus, Reeve v........ 0.2.2.0 33 |

Glycimeris, Lam. ............+-- 189

holosericus, Reeve ............++. 34

BCE eS e es saree Ieee aoe es: 79

linteatiis;teeves Terence cee eee 80

lividus; eeve™ ss) senscascestee sss 190

morum, ROVE ......cc.eeeeeeeecees 188

nodosus, Reeve .......eeeeeeee ees 80

obliquus, Reeve ............0e006 80

oculatus, Reeve ......2....eeee eee 188

pallium, Reeve .........0...-200e 80

CLUS PRCUVE! wesecsectseoce ccc: 189

pertusus, Reeve .............2.65 188

raripictus, Reeve’.:............0eee 34

sericatus, Reeve .............0665: 190

Stetlug, eevee ces. 189

spadiceus, Jteeve ....0...6. 0. 189

SPUTCUSPMCEVE aera eece-W cewek een 188

SEFEDUIRI SEP ee tt ett ee ome ts 190

INDEX.

Page

Pectunculas Tellinzformis, Reeve ... 80

tenuicostatus, Reeve ............ 80

tessellatus, Reeve...........0..s00 189

undulatus, Lam............++++ 34, 190

RONGUES Mise ee a coed ame tens 189

Pelecanoitdes Garnotii, G. R. Gray ... 119

Perdix Bonhami, Fraser ............ 70

Heyt, Temi \toincsesceecees eso < 70

Peristera tympanistera, Temm. ...... 53

Phalacrocorax, King ............0.000- 119

Phalacrocorax Brasiliensis, Spix ... 119

Gaiman dit yy Wet. aes eentiee ee 119

Phalaropus Wilsonti, Sab. .........+.+ 118

Phalocobcenus montanus, D’Orb....... 108

Phasianus Colchicus, Linn. ........- 51

Philomachus Chilensis, Mol. ... 116, 117

ignicapillus, Is. Geoff. ......... 117

Pholis Bufo, Lowe ............eceeeeeee 87

MEveSS 22ers 87

trigloides, Lowe ...........2.2+0+ 87

Phycis Mediterraneus ...........0+000+ 91

PHYVELODEA wos ccctseteesh crc eteeseeee 50

Phyllodia Parnellii, Gray ............ 50

Phyllostomina .....0.002.0.sceceesesecee 20

Phytotoma rara, MOl. ............0000 113

Picus Kingii, G.R.Gray ............ 114

lagnaritsy-Mol, 2c. 114

viridis; Aucts: 42. 22s. Seasons 51

Pipra vitellina, Gould ..............200+ 103

Platalea ajaja, Linn. ............00000 117

Pleurotoma, Lam. ...........- 31, 37, 181

Pleurotoma abbreviata, Reeve ...... 182

alabaster, Peeve ’........ccsceccees 18]

albibalteata, Reeve ..............- 182

’ annuiata, Reeve .........s.eeeeeee 33

arcuata, Reeve sissc20c..seccsees 32

Babylonia, var., Kien. ....1.... 3l

Bertrandt-:)..s5.20 vk eee 45

bijubata, Reeve ............0200 0 182

Boholensis, Reeve .............+- 184

brevicaudata, Reeve ...........- 186

buceinoides .....éccecsceceneeeeeeee 168

carbonaria, Reeve ............++ 187

catena,: Reaves... ea 33

cedo-nulli, Reeve :.........0.0ceeee 185

contracta, Reeve ........0..0eeeee 185

corusca, Reeve ........2..eceececees 183

crassilabrum, Reeve ..........0- 185

cupreay Reeve iseec..csscseceeecees 187

Deshayestt™ stst-tesceensteemeeeaet 33

digitale, Reeve <........2cssseeceess 186

exasperata, Reeve ......6.0e0e00e 32

eximia, Reeve ........ceeceeseeveee 181

Garnonsii, Reeve ............+0+-+- 31

gracilenta, Reeve ........++-++2-0+ 184

gravis; Fiend: uc. eovecese seers 37

gemmata, Hinds ...........0.0000- 37

Harfordiana, Reeve ............... 183

hastata, Reeve ..5........0ceceeeeee 187

Hindsii,- Reeve... chess. ae 186

Page

Pleurotoma inermis, Hinds ......... 37

Jantee bebe: Som k wascsasesecdaes 186

Mitreformis, Kiener ..........+. 33

mystica, Reeve ....cssecsseeseee 183

NODilis, Hinds .....0.0secveveeseees 37

obesa (Bech. MS.), Reeve ...... 33

Papalis, Reeve .......csesseeeeeeees 33

Perronii, Reeve .....0-.ceeeseeees 183

pessulata, Reeve .........00+0+000- 185

Philippinensis, Reeve ............ 184

Pier, WRCCUE. 5s heedles. de seins dances 181

picta (Bech. MS.), Reeve ...... 32

planilabrum, Reeve .........0000+ 182

pluteata, Reeve .........0002e00+ 183

radula, Hinds ,.......scesssesseves 38

Rissoides, Reeve ......s.ceeveeeeee 184

spectabilis, Reeve ........e0-200+ 32

PETAL A Ran y esanx ae Daesecpstsaseeet 183

stolida, Hinds .........essssesesees 37

ESTED sncacnnsaccescisats <selsnetisinge® 182

BRSCOBPOLG) Jo.talsa y icstenee selsdalen nwt 186

Tritonoides, Reeve ..........--.++ 182

TIVZUNCUES) , , aces -Padsorsansasenns 32

varicosa, Reeve ......e0eeeeeeeeee 187

venusta, Reeve .......0sees0eeees 181

Wiglacess: Hinds. .nsscsceeaceovares 38

Ploceus brachypterus, Swains. ...... 52

personatus, Swans. ....s0.+e+0+++ 52

Podiceps Chilensis, Garn. ..... Serre 119

Kalipareus, Quoy & Gaim. 119

Rollandii, Quoy & Gaim. ...... 119

Poephagomys ater, F.Cuve ss.se00s 131

Polyborus Brasiliensis, Swains. ...... 108

WROMALOMUS <2.<0.c2--000ccoseeses cen 89

Pomatomus telescopus .....s.es.erereees 91

Potamomya, J. Sow. ...esseeeeeeeeeee 59

Potamomya nimbosa, Hinds ........- 59

Ocreata, Hinds .......s.eseeeeees 59

Procellaria glaciuloides, Smith ...... 119

purpured, BOie .....eeseeeeeerees 120

Psittacara cheroyeus, Mol. .........+++ 114

leptorhynchus, Vig. ........000++- 114

Psittacus flavinuchus, Gould ......... 104

Patachinus, Vig. ...,.++-+++++0+0+ 114

Pteraclis Carolinus ........+.++0see0e00+ 83

BULLALUS), oo ocs. ncaa beroronessonss 83

oculata, Cuv. & Val. «22.20.0005: 83

Papilio, Lowe ........:0+++sseeeee 83

PYICHOMECTUS <5<.5-.cdlenereneass<= 500 $3

Pterocles personatus, Gould ......... 15

personatus, Gould ....00...00000- 183

Pteroglossus erythropygius, Gould... 15

erythropygius, Gould .......+..-- 103

peecilosternus, Gould ..........+ 147

Pteroplatea altavela, Mill. & Henl.. 94

Hirundo, Lowe ........seeeseeees 94

maclura, Miill. & Henl. ......... 95

micrura, Mill. & Henl. ......... 95

Pteroptochos albicollis, Kittl. ......... 111

megapodius, Vig. .....ss0eeeeeee 111

Page

Pipropus: so cvwisecasspepsstaesstveemeta 66, 96

Pteropus Edwardsit .......csceseeseee 67

Jubatus, Esch, . 55.000 ccssaventvers 67

minimus, Geofk. ..rcccccccecsecess 67

Puffinus cinereus, Steph. .....0..00.+ 119

ODSCUTUS™ <c.vvessopdaases dead 70

Pyrgita domestica, Cuv. ........06.0066 51

Tagoensis, Gould ..........ecseeee 52

simplex, Swain: do... -ndduyaidee 52

Querquedula cerulata, Eyton ...... 118

creccotdes, Eyton .......ssssse0 118

Raia hebetans, Mill. & Henl. ...... 94

linted;, Exes): \ciccesneisasanse dea 94

oxyrhynchus, Will. ........ccc000 94

Undiilatay AUCtiewasrde stp aeendes 94

FUT | SERRE SE CROCEEER PAR CER Oey 3

Rallus sanguinolentus, Swains. ...... 118

Ramphastos citreolemus, Gould ... 147

ROUNICEPS is cerecstevasencssassocskestetes 91

Eihinolophisiey sa cides <sonietessass sae 25, 67

Rhinolophus bicolor, Temm. ...... 67, 68

luctus, Temi: siccds caashcdsaecheke 68

ferrum-equinum, Temm.......... 68

MARTINI, Fraser ,........0.00+ 25

MODIS STL OLSES «stop delnctice <aaplnad on 67

Philippinensis, Waterh. ......... 68

pygmeus, Walerh. .........0.0000 20

RFANOPOME 20. ane 0 sede spmatnsadaeeees 20

Rhynchaspis maculatus ......s0ecse00e 118

Rhynchea semicollaris, G. R. Gray ... 118

Rhynchops nigra, Linn. ............4.. 119

orientalis, Riippell .............4. 53

Rhynomya lanceolata, D’Orb. ...... 120

Bassam AefOrsnis Wctavadecasustgredevenses 184

Saccophorus Quachil .....s0cceeseeees 79

SaUMONGAGE Boid vatnk spade yoxabattsee 43, 88

Sarcoramphus gryphus, Auct. ......... 108

Saurus}iCuvy,. cscssvvcspvewneusdaete ages 89

Saurus Lacerta, Risso ........cese0e0. .. 88

Scalaria aciculina, Hinds ............ 125

creberrima, Hinds ............. . 125

Diane; Hindsies, s<sccdceeme suse 125

glabrata, Hinds \,.....vsrs<sevsve 124

porrecta, Hinds .........esceseses 126

suturalis, Hinds ........cscseees »» 125

vestalis, Hinds ....cc.ccees wwe 125

vulpina, Hinds ....... seseesaseae 126

Scarabus Cumingianus, Pet. de la

SAUGS Seeks cwnvelsts an« cueeareeee es 3

Schizodesma, Gray ..... sitdimmaise ia: ... 102

Schizodon fuscus, Waterh. ......,..... 130

Sciurus Degus, Molina ............... 130

Scolopar Paraguaia, Vieill. ......... 118

Scombrid@ ..........0+ jewipaeites axes 82, 83

Seriola, Cuv. & Val.

Seriola bipinnatula, Quoy & Gaim.... 82

gracilis, Lowe .........+4 qereaiind 82

Serpophaga parulus, Gould ........ 110

Sigaretus cancellatus, Lam. ......... 136

224 INDEX.

Page Page

Sigaretus Helicoides, Guillow ...... 137 | Terebra buccinoidea, Blainv. ......... 168

Simia Satyrus, Linn. ............... 123 |’ ce@rulescens, Lam. ......0sc0ee0ee 161

Sttta Europ@a, Auct. ........0.0.0.0008 122 canalisy, W oodlei ss :ctetieaeseee 167

MIEN Di omcaucardsddstaic Ce eee 101 cancellata, Gray, Quoy ......... 165

Solen.acinaces, Hanley ............... 101 carned, Perry ....secsecccseeeeees 160

ambiguus, Lam. .....0.....0.0000- 101 casta, Haims se isies Saeveneo nee 156

revEs, aeaeaies EE I 101 casta,.Hindsis. ss. ibe eeaeier 162

cylindraceus, Hanley ............ 101 castanea, Kiener ..............000+ 162

linearis, Wood ................-- 101 . cerithina, Lam. \.....ccccseceeseee 161

Philippinarum, Hanley ......... 101 Cinenea,, BOLI .+. eeeeee te 165

SCOUDTUM: won sstteeeean Nee eons 101 cingula,, Kicnes),..;.32eteaned ones 162

Spinax niger, Bonap. ........-.....06+- 93 cingulifera, Lam. .........0.0605 163

SGM Ad Bcc tigen s Mtl ae 93 cloraia;.LiamWetite.veseeeneen ee 161

Squalus. Acanthias, Linn. ............ 93 columellaris, Hinds...........0.+6 151

obscurus, Lesueur ............... 93 columellaris, Hinds ............0++ 164

Sinaxts LInAs-\earwercevoiescces 93 commaculata, Gmel..........00s006 163

sists; WMT key I ees 8 93 consors, Hinds......2..ceeceeceeees 150

Squatarola cincta, Jard. ............... 118 Consors, EAINGS:ss20sdacdcect eet 160

Ovi. n steswpsentineie ence 118 conspersa, Hinds........s.seeeeees 153

Sternoptyx diaphana, Herm. ...... wn. 85 conspersa, Hinds .......+ssseeeeeee 162

Olfersii, Caos 2.028 AIA: 85 Constricta, SOW. ..csccsercsscsvess 166

Stomias barbatus, Cuv. .........2..-.- 88 copula, Hinds .......cccccsceeecees 151

Boa, Risso) 3 se ee ee 88 copula, Hinds) -sscess.s2beeteadate 161

Strepsilas Interpres ........02.0.0-0.000- 118 corrugata, Lam. ...........0eeeeee 163

Strix perlata, Licht. .................. 110 Cosentini, Philippi ..............- 166

Struthio Camelus .,....00.0..scecceees-e- 145 costata, Menke.............ssees00- 161

Sturnella Loica, Mol. ............2...+. 113 Costata, LOA........0eseeeseeeeeeees 167

Subula, maculata, Sch. .........2..... 159 crenulata, Linn. ......6..eeeeeeeee 160

JOG ve sin'eostwaeshtie thocrbecseeterses tees 120 | cuspidata, Hinds ......1...00.0000s 157

Synallawis egithaloides, Kittl. ...... 112 cuspidata, Hinds........+-.+2++++- 165

pumicola, Kittl. ................0- 112 dimidiata, Linn, ........+0eceeeeee 160

rufogularis, Gould ............... 112 | duplicata, Linn. .....0.+.0ee0e000- 161

spinicauda, King .................. 112 Dussumierii, Kiener...........+..+ 16}

superciliaris, Fraser ............ 3 CDUTHEAy LINAS <0 tewvooes » sober 153

Taractes, Lowe. .............2.0.000+ §2, 89 | eburnea, Hinds .............+5 163, 165

Taractes asper, Lowe....:.....:..-..... 83 Clatay. Minds... «cise veeenees 156

cuspidata, Olivi .................. 76 | elata,. Hinds... .cJ2.f200 seacesds 165

Terebra, Bruguiére.................2... 149 fatuay-Hindsicc....s2essendseaenoes 150

Terebra acicularia, Lam. ............ 165 fatua; Hinds: 220220). See 161

affinis, Gray ............0.0005 161, 164 felingds SOW «s.i0u. J:heses coat hoes 160

Africana, Gray. so) 164 fenestrata, Hinds........0.0-0.060- 153

ADA, GYAY -isissiscccccstesceessees 165 fenestrata, Hinds...........-..064- 164

albida, Gray. ........ceccceceee ees 16] Slammed, Lam.........sceeceeeceens 160

albula, Menke .................. 165 fravay Grayiniss bf. .ieeeeedes 165

alveolata, Hinds .............2.2+5 151 funiculata, Hinds..........c-c.c00s 153

alveolata, Hinds ................+- 162 funiculata, Hinds..........0..0606- 163

amanda, Hinds ...............4.. 154 fuseay: Perry 29.2.9. 13h st aeeeoees 161

amanda, Hinds .................- 163 Ffuscata, Brocchi ........seeseeeee 166

anomala, Gray ........2..0.0.00 165 fusco-maculata, Sow. .....0..00+ 161

Argusisssiverssivsesz. RON 160 gemmulata, Kiener ...........+..- 161

armillata, Hinds .................. 154 glauca, Hinds «J+... .20Veeaaee 155

armillata, Hinds .................. 164 glauca, Hinds .........-0..00.0000 164

articulata, Lam. ...............-+- 166 gracilis, Gray .....seceeeeeeseeeees 161

aspera, Hinds ...........20..0.00e 154 gracilis, Lear... cscseeaseoesnaes 167

aspera, Hinds ................00005 164 granulata, Phill. ...........e0eeee 166

Babylonia, Lam. ................4. 163 granulosa, Lam. ......+..eeeeeeee 168

bicincta, Hinds .................. 150 hastata, Gmel........-0-se0eeeeeees 162

bicineta, Hinds .................. 164 Heddingtonensis, Lonsd.......... 167

bifrons, Hinds ..............0.0000. 155 heterostropha, Wood ............ 167

bifrons, Hinds ............0602..05- 164 Heunahiana, Sow. ..-.06.2..250-- 167

INDEX. 225

Page Page

Terebra inconstans, Hinds ......... 156 | Terebra polygyra, Conrad .......,.... 167

inconstans, Hinds ............008 165 Portlandica, Sow. ............05 LGr

intertincta, Hinds ...........0005 155 pretiosa, Reeve ...........0ee000 163

intertincta, Hinds ............... 164 pulchra, Hindssicsetvesnceecccsscee 151

aunersd, NySt, <cssesssdoasvacses ee. 167 pulchra, Winds... ceedscsccecvees 163

Mnorrii, Gray, .<.....cuchieceatence de 161 punctato-striata, Gray............ 163

Fotipatn, Gtayinte+s acsseoeeevaces 164 punctulata,. See .0.0..2ccsseeneene 163

BUS, GYVAY, ja. caae cleat era eets 164 pygmea, Hinds s5y..uehcet ae 158

Lamarckii, Wiener ............... 161 pygmed, Hinds ...........cccceee 166

lanceata, Gmel. .......0..ee0ee0es 165 radula,, Lends <sciszctavs-ssedeetes 155

larveeformis, Hinds ............... 155 Padula, Winds -<35....002 see -ccdeee 164

larveformis, Hinds ..............+ 164 raphanula, Lam .,.......6.ce.cee 161

laurina, Hinds .....0.ss00000. ates. 152 rObUstay indi eicicsseccenessccsce 149

latiring, TINdS:....cescevsesncusaves 162 HOBUSEG AEAIDAS. 73005 s scans eee cawcee 160

Repida, L1WMaSines We. cock dees ao 158 BUDE) OTAY tee tse cc ecetbe 163

demida, TAINS: ;<<. > <sewetscassvoaees 165 WUSEIGA ELUM ac cccsces coc. -ctee 158

igata, Penis weassy. <evdieaacees 153 FUSHCA, LUINOG a2. codes ces cs soles 166

Ua iGs, TAINS: aconsanassteeeonedses 163 SANAWIZENSIS. --si0ccs.seccececneeece 168

UNGGLGn SOW si exch sews Bees aes 166 scabrella, Lam. -...........0.0.008 163

lineolata, SOW:s..c.sleccecsccrerseece 168 scalaring, Lams!’ .......0.c.cc0c0s 168

lingualis, Hinds ........0.seses00 153 Senegalensis, Lam. ...,........... 16]

lingualis, Hinds .........0...0.005 163 simplex, Conrad .:....... 2.000000 167

luctuosa, Hinds ...............06+ 165 specillata, Hinds .................. 155

maculata, LANs, \..ccssccvcecevacce 159 specillata, Hinds ...............08. 162

maculata, Lam. ........-.-.se0e0s 159 spectabilis, Hinds ............... 150

melanoides, Phillips............. 166 spectabilis, Hinds ............... 161

MGA se ERAS dics cea ccvesaseenck on 0% 166 stramined, Gay: ..........cece000e 163

(ERG INS: songs aiadensaseea gis 158 Blriatd, QuOY wee. .csaseesseosse 164

MIFAUS,, Lends ..21 ck nates dee eo ade 166 striata, Baster0t . 2.02. secc...0 166

MUCOUS, FAINDS 2 scavarocaboide wakes 157 striata, LOnkAesteiwccecesoccc chess 167

MONTUIS, QUOY; oyevcrsessscageee sete 163 Shriatala, Vaamis ihe eeee ke ee 161

MUSCATIG, LAMS (..0..ecseceareeres 160 Striatula; Linn,” 2. s0ceetes kee esc 165

WIUUTOS, LAs cores ddgan ss acetetent 163 StrIg ALE; SOWs vrccccerseceecssecess 160

Nassoides, Hinds...........0.00.44 158 strigilata, Linn. ..............060. 165

Nassoides, Hinds................0- 166 Sériolata, RissO.. 5.0. .0.0.5ces0ceee 166

nebulosa, Kiener ...........2...005 160 REV atasphiids 255 2 is.secstcsoesc 152

mebulosa, SOW. .......0+s-2seeeeeee 162 stylaia, Hinds ......0.ccescotee.ses 162

MIB USES SOW den Susti sekbe Neh oa teas 167 WLUNELALOED @ sON as acini Sahota dacs caves’ 160

nimbosa, Hinds. ...csexscacconsecs 151 SUCCINGS, VINE. . sacsicassuccces 149

nimbosa, Hinds........-....eseeeeee 161 SUCCINEG, EAUNUS) &..dccescncaceceae 160

MAGIA; FAIMAS) secnsasssedccaeeesnas 152 te@niolata, QUOY ........e cece eee 163

MERIT ALIN GS! csacevach <occacacete 162 ManiLensts IGYAY. 6... os sceda dae 168

nubeculata, SOW. ......c.eeceseeeee 162 PENCT A CENAS sccecdecdaiowas cece: 158

WDERAseHATIGS, “acewaw vias aine dase 158 CONERGVEAINIAS oc doncndeeocakeen: 165

Obesa WNDOS, 52.525 qerbuson sedans 166 feascllata,.|Gray....scdeevedatsxe 163

oculatay Lame Usecec. ccd epee ee 161 CEXUIG, ANAT. ccsacrcatsGeeuessce 156

Ormild, Gray ncscn<6sns--deeenns 160 femtilis, Hinds)... .c.ccuethecsse. eee 165

penicillata, Hinds ............... 157 tapring,; Groels | ia.ceses<secesste<s 160

penicillata, Hinds ............... 165 FACOLORA GORY e tbss sees ic eaeeehis cate 163

MET EUSA, OTH cavn- cease sssueeese 162 Grisertatay GEAV A. stckes sss chacaess 164

mertusa, Kiener) \iscesiotarca veces 163 tuberculosa, Hinds ...........+0.. 154

Petitis, Kiener s-c-scacsee<ss tannents 163 tuberculosa, Hinds ...........4... 164

Picts: Aan ds:.e cesta a teens cat ccus 156 tUHEKOsaHINAS se decwasasescecce 152

micta;s Hinde! ....o.cte<sdeeteaesess 164 tuberosa, Hinds <....0....00csen- 166

plicaria, Basterot...............-- 166 RTA Oa UC cata dansspsexeeeey> 162

piscata; Gray, “). stems see ean k-esnes 163 undulata, Gray ..........+. 161, 164

plicatula, Brocchi ............... 166 VAFICOSA; FINA, ...c.aevesessesasi 152

poltta, Gray Rvira.ccecs Sal Sees 168 variegata, Gray <.........csesceee 164

226 INDEX.

Page

Terebra venosa, Hinds ............00+ 157

venosa, Hinds ..........ccee0eeeeee 165

venusta, L@a_ .....0..e.eeeee 154, 167

Vetusia, Phill. .28.ceus, see eee 166

violascens, Hinds...............++ 154

violascens, Hinds ..............-.+- 168

wittata, Phill. . Aichacs Gleick 166

Vulcani, Brongniart ............ 167

Zebra, WINE . aeesesrccaavecsesss 160

Tet AZ ONUTUS «oc. 5s qqonintenste shoe anes 82

Tetraogallus Nigelli .............00005 70

Theristicus melanops, Wagl. ........- 117

SEW YIACINUS, saucqercagesqse cae encsekoe 148

Thylacinus Harrisii, Temm. ......... 148

Tinnunculus Sparverius ............... 109

Tinochorus D’ Orbignyanus............ 115

Eschscholtxii ....csccececceseccees 116

Torpedo hebetans..........0eceeeeeveenee 94

MGTINOP GG oh Scan ep hee eee ane 94

nobiliana, Buon. .............0.0+ 94

panthera, Ebfse..:.0c.00s06eeee. 94

picta, Lowe: ec kaae waves <aseeuocues 93

PEMCRICHUYS, scaqnedoucsqiten ts -vem-N eves 85

Treron crassirostris, Fraser ......... 35

Trichotropis, Brod., Sow. ..........+. 17

DiCarinGla | ..¢seeteesccsrenesionbea® 17

cancellata, Hinds...........0...2+ 17

flavida, Hinds ..........-...0000005 18

inermis, Hinds.............0..0+00+ 18

Triphoris collaris, Hinds..............- 23

Deshayesii, Hinds ..............- 22

pagodus, Hinds ..............065 22

Trochilus awrogaster ......-...s0.+0+ 122

CONUSCHS x 5 cc pon cWoutens taseeee® 122

CYANOPLETUS ..ceseeeereeececeeeenees 122

Der biGnus ) cacsnsssacse- 32 cepaneeee 122

Page

Trochilus flavicaudatus .......cces0.0. 122

galeritus,. Mohs: 2... 5..20tscaceerees 115

igas;, Vieillv nics. .ceere enon: 114

Kin git, Nigi sas) scoescaee eee 115

Millerii, Lodd.........i....4.0e0008 114

PATVILOSITIS. occececvancouscteccocts 122

sephanoides, Less. ..........0000+ 115

Lyrianthinus’ coos seeieeeesntes 122

UTOPY TINS, lei vemensaseaeeceteete 122

Troglodytes Magellanicus, Gould ... 111

Trygon aliavela. .........0.coss00seeees 94

Turdus Falklandicus, Quoy & Gaim. 111

fuscater, DiOxb., Sizctee-seeeeteees 120

Lyphis, Montfort................00.0000- 18

Typhis arcuatus, Hinds ............... 19

nitens, Hinds. c..cscetscenareeesee 19

quadratus, Hinds..........0...6... 18

SOME DID evn cnne Gouna Meee 18

Uppucerthia dumetoria, Is. Geoff. ... 111

Vanellus Cayanus, Aucte..........0.00+ 117

Velutina cancellata, Quoy & Gaim.... 137

sigaretiformis, Potier ............ 137

V elitinid@ ..coum, Jdetecensteeeaeee 137

Vidua chrysonota, Swains. ............ 52

erythrorhynchus, Swains. ...... 52

Volutg reticulata, Reeve .............4. 144

VOMEP. iaccnouchuatvoecn deh -oemece eee 86

Xema (Chroicocephalus) cirrocepha-

lum, Ge.R. Gray, .i....seeccersoctouens 119

Xolmis pyrope, G. R. Gray ..........4- lil

Zenaida aurita, Temm. ............06+ 115

PETIA. ou icion ase aaceaneceeteeenese eee 83, 85

Zeus Childreni, Bowditch ............ 85

YOSCUS, LOWE. ..s.sccccererscecenes 85

Zonotrichia mutatina, G. R. Gray ... 118

END OF PART XI.

Printed by Ricuarp and Joun E, Tayor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.