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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON

FOR THE YEAR

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,

AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE,

LONDON:

MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER,

PATERNOSTER ROW,

Labs ft

OF THE

COUNCIL AND OFFICERS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1881.

COUNCIL.

Proressor W. H. Frowrr, LL.D., F.R.S., President.

Masor-Gen. Tur Lorp ABInGER,

C.B.

Masor-Gen. Henry Crier, R.A.,

F.R.S.

Cuartes Drumuonn, Esq., Trea-

surer.

Sr JosepH Farrer, K.C.S.L.,

F.R.S.

Joun P. Gasstot, Esq.

F. DuCanr Gopman, Esq.

Lr.-Cot. H. H. Gopwry-AtstEn,

F.R.S.

Cot. J. A. Grant, C.B., F.R.S.

Arraur Grote, Esq., Vice-Pre-

sident.

Dr. A. Ginruer, F.R.S.

PRINCIPAL

P. L. Scrater, Esq., M.A.,

Dr. Epwarp Hamitton, Vice-

President.

E. W. H. Hotpsworts, Esq.

Rosert Hunson, Esq., F.BS.,

Vice-President.

Proressor Newron, F.R.S.

Lievt.-Cor. Srr Caries Rots-

sELL, Bart., M.P.

Ossert Satvin, Esq., F.R.S.

Paine Luriey Scrarer, Esq.,

M.A., Pu.D., F.R.S., Secretary.

Rr. Hon: George Scrarer-Boorn,

M.P.

JosppH TRAVERS Satu, Esq.

Tue Lorp WALSINGHAM.

OFFICERS.

Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary.

W. A. Forsus, Esq., B.A., Prosector.

Mz. A. D. Barrierr, Superintendent of the Gardens.

Me. F. H. Warernouse, Librarian.

Mr. W. J. WitraMs, Chief Clerk.

LIST

CONTRIBUTORS,

With References to the several Articles contributed by each.

Page

Batrour, F. M., M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College,

Cambridge.

On the Evolution of the Placenta, and on the possibility

of employing the characters of the Placenta in the Classifi-—

cation of the Mammalia....... emp ne peed AS asain artie dats 210

On the Development of the Skeleton of the Paired Fins of

Elasmobranchii, considered in relation to its Bearings on the

Nature of the Limbs of the Vertebrata. (Plates LVII. &

PUTS evs ep es Sense RoS: +> Sas BP ee citys satiate mots 656

Barttett, A. D., Superintendent of the Society’s Gardens.

Remarks upon the Habits of the Darter (Plotus anhinga). 247

Bett, F. Jerrrey, M.A., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative

Anatomy in King’s College, London.

Account of the Echinodermata collected during the Survey

of H.M.S. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the

Coast of Patagonia. (Plates VIII. & IX.)............. ih Oe

Observations on the Characters of the Echinoidea,—IV.

The Echinometride ; their Affinities and Systematic Position 410

Description of a new Species of the Genus Mespilia .... 433

Le)

we oe

/2- 2G.

;

/, é

iv

Contributions to the Systematic Arrangement of the Aste-

roidea.—I. The Species of the Genus Asferias. (Plates

GV IE, 6 RU VILE). . ocnce oss cnnle e/a nee ena

Bennett, Greorce J., C.M.Z.S.

Observations on the Habits of the Echidna hystrix of

Aorstralias os Ses on es 3s SA ee a ree eee eee

Buanrorp, W. T., F.R.S., F.Z.S., &e.

On a Collection of Reptiles and Frogs chiefly from Sin-

gapore. (Plates XX., XXI.)

Notes on the Lizards collected in Socotra by Prof. I.

Bayley Balfour. (Plate XLII.)

» 8S Sas ss 6 © vim c= C18. = Baie! sl eiie me

Ble ole; wee) oye. .6, ee) she we ie ene ete

On a Collection of Persian Reptiles recently added to the

British Museum. (Plate LIX.) ...

Bock, Cart.

List of Land and Freshwater Shells collected in Sumatra

and Borneo, with Descriptions of new Species. (Plate LV.)

Boutencer, G. A., Aide-Naturaliste at the Royal Museum

of Belgium.

Description of a new Species of Hnyalius in the Brussels

Museum. (Plate XXVI.)

On the Lizards of the Genera Lacerta and Acanthodactylus.

(Plates LXIII., LXIV.)

Description of a new Species of Anolis from Yucatan.

Ce

Butter, ArtHur Garpiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Assistant

Keeper, Zoological Department, British Museum.

Account of the Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Hemiptera

collected during the Survey of H.MLS. ‘ Alert’ in the Straits

of Magellan and on the Coast of Patagonia

On the Lepidoptera collected in Socotra by Prof. I. Bayley

Balfour.® “(Plate XVEIL-):4 6. 20a tie stere Gite ie Ciera rei

Page

492

737

215

464

628

246

739

921

82

175

v

Page

On a Collection of Lepidoptera from Western India,

Beloochistan, and Afghanistan ............eeeeeeeceess 602

Burter, Artuur G., F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c., and Fenton,

MonTAGueE.

On Butterflies from Japan, with which are incorporated

Notes and Descriptions of new Species by MontaGur Fenton 846

CampripcGeE, Rev. O. Pickarp, M.A., C.M.Z.S., Hon. Mem.

New-Zealand Institute.

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a Hymenopterous para-

Bitic. Puseet. «she ks cs cen beret sero tee. Seetemie atk 259

Ona new Spider of the Family Theraphoside. (Plate

PE) akece sie SS) Re meeting Carer esas 682

On some new Genera and Species of Araneidea. (Plate

Cocks, ALFRED Heneace, F.Z.S.

Note‘on the Breeding affilte Otters. ..0....0.0.005 0005 249

Co..LettT, Rosert, C.M.Z.S.

On Halicherus grypus, and its Breeding on the Fro Islands

off Throndhjems-fjord in Norway.............-+. Ey ee 380°

Crane, AGNES.

Notes on the Habits of the Manatees (Manatus australis)

in Captivity in the Brighton Aquarium ..........-++--- 456

Day, Francis, F.Z.8.

On the Range of Apogon ellioti .....-6- eee eens eee ee 650

Disrant, W. L.

Additions to the Rhynchotal Fauna of the Ethiopian

Region. (Plate XXXI.) ..... Sees b Woke tick min iaens ehieleietA ® 8 270

vi

Dorson, G. E., M.A., M.B., F.L.S., &e.

Notes on the Anatomy of the Hrinaceide ............ 389

On the Structure of the Pharynx, Larynx, and Hyoid

Bones in the Epomophori; with Remarks on its Relation to

the Hebits of these Avminials... 2). )s")50s ss cere etter ere 685

Notes on the Muscular Anatomy of Cercopithecus calli-

DPTEMES eet atc sa Ct ve nieve ay ele alec os ee bs Rete Cheer eee 812

Dresser, H. E., F.Z.S.

Exhibition of examples of Sawicola deserti and FPicus

pubescens—the former shot in Clackmannanshire, the latter

Or PIRNER. So oe as's weeks Scie (eho ee ease te Ra eee 453

Ewes, Henry J., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.

On the Butterflies of Amurland, North China, and Japan 856

Fenton, Montague, and Burier, Artuur G., F.L.S.,

F.Z.8., &e.

On Butterflies from Japan, with which are incorporated

Notes and Descriptions of New Species by Monracur

PEN ROW: ¢.Jecisy bodies tees ote det <anl> eee eee 846

Fuiercuer, J. J., M.A. (Syd.), B. Sc. (Lond.), and Lisrer,

J. J., B.A., F.Z.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge,

Demonstrator of Comparative Anatomy in the University

of Cambridge.

On the Condition of the Median Portion of the Vaginal

Apparatus in the Macropodide ..........5..%.....2.. 976

Friower, Wiiuiam Henry, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., President

of the Society, Conservator of the Museum of the Royal

College of Surgeons, and Hunterian Professor.

On the Elephant Seal, Mucrorhinus leoninus (Linn.).... 145

Notes on the Habits of the Manatees... =e. 453

Forses, Witiiam ALexANnper, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S.

Prosector to the Society.

vii

Page

On some Points in the Anatomy of the Koala (Phascol-

GHELOS CLAPEPMS 2G. Sits t thst RET REE of ES Lele Sard aitasg 180

Note on Mr. Bartlett’s Communication on the Habits of the

PI APGCHAMR PE ata ek. Pena. . chinks 28, FU, Soe heb oe Bao

Contributions to the Anatomy of Passerine Birds. —Part 1V.

On some Points in the Anatomy of the Genus Conopophaga,

Bud its-systematic POstON’ . 2350665 ose ce coe wee es op 435

Notice of a Memoir on the external form and on the

anatomy of the Californian Sea-lion (Otaria gillespit)...... 453

Notes on the Anatomy and Systematic Position of the

Jaganas (Parrida) ...... SEN rae ieee ata k ae Oo

On the Petrel called Thalassidroma nereis by Gould, and

HES PAMTITIEGL Sips 2) Seas ah semester 'ay seat ered tote ee teonerras geese sae tees 735

On the Conformation of the Thoracic End of the Trachea

nbHes< a RAtiCE DILUS, that AEE oils ke Ss oe clacbieon ae aS

Note on the Structure of the Palate in the Trogons (T7o-

BOM coe e's airs 5: 6s SEMEN SO se Seg les suis agiyeares. OOO

Note on the Systematic Position of Hupetes macrocercus . 837

Observations on the Incubation of the Indian Python

(Python molurus), with special regard to the alleged Increase

of Temperature during that process.. ...........e00 ees 960

Frenze1, Dr. A. of Freiberg, Saxony.

Letter from, addressed to the Secretary, concerning the

breeding of some Parrots of the Genus Eelectus in captivity. 916

Gopwin-Avusten, Lieut.-Col. H. H., F.R.S., F.Z.S., &c.

On the Land Shells of the Island of Socotra collected by

Prof. I. Bayley Balfour.—Part I. Cyclostomacee. (Plates

RN Ee EPIL) ate. eee we sso spew eae ecaise co aieatareie es ome 251

On the Land Shells of the Island of Socotra collected by

Professor I. Bayley Balfour.—Part II. Helicacew. (Plates

aM M MBSE XE 2 Sie. Sane, < john. stain nai sige pv Mb ns seen 801

vill

Page

Ginruer, Atsert, M.D., Ph.D., F.RS., F.Z.8., Keeper

of the Zoological Department, British Museum.

Account of the Reptiles, Batrachians, and Fishes collected

during the Survey of H.M.S. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of

Magellan and on the Coast of Patagonia. (Plates I., II.).. 18

Notes on the Species of Rhynchocyon and Petrodromus

(Gili 5 Seo 6) AE) aR anes yx fok hoe

Descriptions of the Amphisbzenians and Ophidians col-

lected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour in the Island of Socotra.

(Babes X Tes KLE) i Posse oe cure oar anlaue meee ee ee 461

Exhibition of a specimen of a Mediterranean fish (Schedo-

philus medusophagus) captured at Portrush, in Ireland .... 734

Harruavs, Dr. G., F.M.Z.S8.

On the Birds collected in Socotra and Southern Arabia by

Dr -tmi-Riebeck, “(Plate UXO.) (cn... me eee 953

Hartiavus, Dr. G., F.M.Z.S., and Scuater, P. L., M.A,,

Ph.D., F.R.S., &e.

On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. Bayley

Balfour: (Plates KV.=X VIL) (2 sae ss owe eee DES

Hotpsworrn, E. W. H., F.Z.S., &e.

Exhibition of an example of White’s Thrush, killed near

Ashburton; Devon’. :':.2'.0<. cs s4 oe «vce ee Cane

Jacospy, Martin.

Desciiptions of new Genera and Species of Phytophagous

Coleoptertt:.:......2) geben Sasori ee eines eee 439

JEFFREYS, J. Gwyn, LL.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S. \

On the Mollusca procured during the ‘Lightning’ and

‘Porcupine ’ Expeditions, 1868-70.—Part III. (Plate LXI.) 693

ix

Page

On the Mollusca procured during the ‘ Lightning’ and

‘Porcupine’ Expeditions, 1868-70.—Part IV. (Plates

Lp eel Bp. EN Si Rae OR SSS oe ee Pe a . 922

Kirsy, W. F., Assistant in the Zoological Department,

British Museum.

On the Hymenoptera collected by Prof. J. Bayley Balfour

in Socotra

Ce

. 649

Layarp, E. L., C.M.G., F.Z.8., &c., H.B.M. Consul in New

Caledonia.

Note on Ceeliavis layardi, Angas.......+.... rakes oh 839

Lister, J. J., B.A., F.Z.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge,

Demonstrator of Comparative Anatomy in the University

of Cambridge, and Fietcuer, J. J., M.A. (Syd.),

B.Sc. (Lond.)

On the Condition of the Median Portion of the Vaginal

Apparatus in the Macropodidee

\ RE EEE te iN 976

Markuam, Ciements R., C.B., F.R.S., Sec. R.G.S., F.LS.,

&e.

On the Whale-Fishery of the Basque Provinces of Spain . 969

Meyer, Dr. A. B., Director of the Royal Zoological Museum,

Dresden, C.M.Z.S.

On a new Species of Helectus from the Timorlaut Islands. 917

Miers, Epwarp J., F.LS., F.Z.S., Assistant in the Zoological

Department, British Museum. .

Account of the Crustacea collected during the Survey of

H.M.S. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the

Coast of Patagonia. (Plate VII.)

Mors, A. G.

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the eggs of the Red-

necked Phalarope and other specimens.... ......+2ee++++ 409

Page

Moore, FREDERIC, F.Z.S.

Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Asiatic Nocturnal

Lepidoptera. (Plates XXXVII., XXXVIII.)............ 326

Nation, Prof. W., of Lima, C.M.Z.S., and Scuater, P. L., M.A.,

Ph.D., F.R.S.

On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. By P. L.

Scrater. With Notes on their Habits, by Prof. W.

Narron.—Patt V. (Plate XLVI.) sooo. cet ome sete

Newron, Aurrep, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Professor of

Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the University

of Cambridge.

Exhibition of (on behalf of Prof.. Alphonse Milne-

Edwards), and remarks upon, an egg of Cariama cristata .. ]

Note on the Generic Name Hypherpes................ 438

Exhibition of a specimen of Hmberiza rustica, shot in

Workshire ‘y.)022.0.2965 40 Gta! 5 38 UH Yee, Sec

O’Suaucunessy, A. W. E., Assistant in the Natural-History

Departments of the British Museum.

An Account of the Collection of Lizards made by Mr.

Buckley in Ecuador, and now in the British Museum, with

Descriptions of the new Species. (Plates XXII.-XXYV.) ..

Parker, W.N., Assistant in the Biological Laboratory of the

Royal School of Mines.

Note on some Points in the Anatomy of the Czecum in

the Rabbit ars ee and Hare (Lepus timidus).

(Plate LIII.).. ee a ie

Ramsay, Epwarp P., C.M.ZS.

Note on Pycnoptilus floccosus, Gould ..........-+-+-+ 839

Ripey, Stuart O., B.A., F.L.S.

Account of the Polyzoa collected during the Survey of

H.MSS. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast

of Patagonia,, “(Plate Vib):.../...0¢ ascaeun okapedin die oeaede ee

ai Page

Account of the Ccelenterata collected during the Survey of

H.M.S. ‘ Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast

Biba arOnne., NOP IAGO WL), cacti a wanna mas ain, xjsy0 ae LOL

Account of the Spongida collected during the Survey of

H.MLS. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast

Oicutseniias CEintey Ok, Ne)i fis ajc na ws eee eyes tn gt OF

Saunpers, Howarp, F.Z.S., F.L.S.

Exhibition of some eggs of Dromas ardeola..........-- 259

Scuarer, Puinie Lutuey, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary to

the Society.

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a skin of a Merganser

(Mergus australisy.. osc. c ed Cele eet ladles hasiaieiisiion 1

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in

December FSO crore v's tehete's Hares a ce we oie www Aen eURR TNE 165

On some Birds collected by Mr. E. F. im Thurn in British

Guiana 5 os citer ts SRR SN a aio anes Gass ofa oT Qs, ato mete vein fate 212

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in

January 1881. (Plate MRP). eS Ie so eeWieles! a 5) 258

Exhibition of, and and remarks upon, the eggs of Opis-

thocomus cristatus and Coturnix delegorgit ........00.008 259

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a large Spider of the

Me cara RGM rakes pate wiali. on eeu ape NON Acie ae CaaS a we 5) ee

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in

February 188] ..-..... ccc ere reeset ese e cece nese 409

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in

Matennlor le eek ei 4.8. sips dee <seenes ae Sama uO

Note on the weights and measurements of the Indian

Elephants in the Society’s Menagerie .... «+ -+++e+++ eee 450

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, some bird-skins brought

home by the ‘ Challenger’ Expedition.........+.... 000+ 451

Exhibition and descriptions of two new Birds from New

Britain, (Plate KXXIX.) 1... cece cc cece cece seeere - 451

xii

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in

April 1881. (Plate LIV.) ...... 6. cess ee eee ee eee ee

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a skin of a Chrysotis

from St. Lucia, West Indies.......... Shs eee sa

Remarks upon the Insectarium lately opened in the

Society’s Gardens .... 12.00. eee ce ee ee ee cere eet

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in May

clos eae Caan

On the Generic Divisions of the Bucconide, together with

the Description of a new Species of the Genus Nonnula....

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in

June, July, August, September, and October 1881........

Exhibition of a Specimen of the Glossy Ibis (Plegadis

falcinellus) shot at Dogmersfield Park, Hampshire........

Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in

(November [S80 ov. Cred: ex adep en sens spupe oles een

Exhibition of two Skins of a Rail from Macquarie Island

Scrater, P. L., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., &c., and Harriavs,

Dr. G., F.M.Z.S.

On the Birds collected in Socotra by Prof. I. Bayley

Balfour; . (Plates: XV. WLL)), 5 ends oi Sacctais Gheis ae cee

Scuater, Putiip Lutiry, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., and Nation,

Prof. W., of Lima, C.M.Z.S.

On the Birds of the Vicinity of Lima, Peru. By P. L.

Scitater. With Notes on their Habits, by Prof. W.

Natron=—Part Vi (Plate V1) ee os eee aes

Scuuty, Joun, F.Z.S., F.L.S.

On the Mammals of Gilgit ....

Srrzsoum, Henry, F.ZS., F.L.S.

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, specimens of the Rusty

Grackle and Pallas’s Great Grey Shrike, shot near Cardiff, .

Page

626

967

968

165

484

2 197

968

Xili

Setous, F. C.

On the South-African Rhinoceroses. (Plate LXII.)....

Field-notes on the Antelopes of Central South Africa,

made during eight years spent in many different districts of

PHS COURT... 1 Welate RVs )iece reese stesso se si aie ata

Suarpg, R. Bownter, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Senior Assistant,

Zoological Department, British Museum.

Account of the Birds collected during the Survey of

H.M.S. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the

Coast of Patagonia....

On a new Genus of Timeliide from Madagascar, with

Remarks on some other Genera. (Plate XIX.) ..........

A Note on Rhipidura preisst (Cap. 0... 5. <->,» 00 08

Exhibition of an example of Sabine’s Snipe

Exhibition of a specimen of Podilyméus podiceps, said to

have been killed near Weymouth

On some Flycatchers lately added to the Collection of the ~

British Museum. (Plate LXVII.)

On the Birds of Sandakan, North-east Borneo

A Note on the Genera Schenicola and Catriscus

ee ee were

SHELLEY, Caprain G. E., F.Z.S.

List of Birds recently collected by Dr. Kirk in Eastern

puliiedias (Ch iaveri EES ye remain. Ses sek as oo << .

Situ, Enear A., F.Z.S.

Account of the Mollusca and Molluscoida collected during

the Survey of H.M.S. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan

and on the Coast of Patagonia. (Plates III.-V.)........

On a Collection of Shells from Lakes Tanganyika and

Nyassa and other Localities in East Africa. (Plates XXXII.

23,9 1559) Re er SR ONT chic? fac. Reyne

On the Genus Gouldia of C. B. Adams, and on a new

Species of Orassatella

725

748

561

22

276

xiv

Page

Noteion Cypred decipiens s,s 3: .s Vanya c sale orien va 558

Descriptions of two new Species of Shells from Lake Tan-

ROAAEY RED Sys cree tcSeecs at sa 6 4, OP x a nip oat a oath rel eee ean 558

Notes on the Genus Chilina, with a List of the known

SHEEIEH fot ais. 1. xd nev se > tied pin he ema eet 2 eee en

Sowersy, G. B., Jun.

Description of eight new Species of Shells. (Plate LVI.). 635

SrotzmAN, J., and TaczAnowsk1, L., C.M.Z.S.

Notice sur la Loddigesia mirabilis (Bourc.) ............ 827

TaczanowskI, L., C.M.Z.S.

Description d’une nouvelle Belette du Pérou septentrional. 647

Description d’une nouvelle espéce du genre Mustela du

Péroumordeorientalie sores. Fo SS Fa, SR Se 835

TaezanowskI, L., C.M.Z.S., and StrouzMANN, J.

Notice sur la Loddigesia mirabilis (Bourc.)............ 827

Tuomas, OLpriexD, F.Z.S.

Account of the Mammalia collected during the Survey of

H.M.S. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast

Of Patacaria 5k d's tein ise pusls apeci: shoes eee aaa 3

On the Indian Species of the Genus Mus. (Plates L., LI.) 521

Tristram, Rey. H. B., M.A. F.R.S., C.M.Z.S.

Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the skin and eggs of a

Darter, and ayskin,of-a Cormorant, J..% .f..161. bi. dels, tere eeter ets 120

Description of a new Fruit-pigeon of the Genus Carpo-

phaga from the Louisiade Archipelago... .........+...... 996

Watsincuam, Tuomas, Lord, F.Z.S.

On some North-American Tineide. (Plates XXXV.,

PR SV yi eee sd eyabvetctate. Sas) lea eee Sanaa © ae sees 301

XV

Page

WaTERHOUSE, Cares Owen, Zoological Department, British

Museum.

Account of the Coleoptera collected during the Survey of

H.M.S. ‘ Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast

aE eM eee gee csi saline Jee cies sins heaee eeiea OO

On the Coleopterous Insects belonging to the family His-

pide collected by Mr. Buckley in Ecuador. (Plate XXX.) . 260

On the Coleopterous Insects collected by Prof. I. Bayley

Balfour in the Island of Socotra. (Plate XLIIL)........ 469

Warxins, WiLuiAM.

Report on the Insect-House in the Society’s Gardens.... 819

Watson, Morrison, M.D., F.Z.S., Professor of Anatomy, The

Owens College, Manchester.

Additional Observations on the Anatomy of the Spotted

Hyena. (Plate XLIX.) .......... ela Sipe pl <b}~ <= o Je oly 516

Westrwoop, Professor J. O., M.A., F.L.S., &e.

Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Moths.

LR GT TSE 99.0) WO) ae er eee 141

Observations on two Species of Indian Butterflies (Papilio

castor and P. pollux). (Plates XLIV., XLV.) .......... 479

ERRATA.

Page 274, line 21 from the bottom, for Prrascenisca read Prta-

SCELIS.

,, 276, ,, 19 from the top, for Petascelisca read Petascelis.

» 682, ,, 12 from the top, for Plate LI. read Plate LIT.

» 602, ,, 9 from the top, for THAatacrocorax read PHaracro-

CORAX.

» 746, ,, 7 from the bottom, for iornatus read dorsalis.

» 925,%,, 22 from the bottom, for Scpoprcutarta read Scrost-

CULARIA.

Plate VI. fig. 4. The mouth of Lepralka appressa, var. vinosa is

incorrectly represented; the description, p. 51,

is correct,

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON

FOR THE YEAR

1881.

(PLATES.

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,

AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE.

LONDON:

MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER,

PATERNOSTER ROW.

, i" WA CW dae

MAS otra le

“1 aE ea aes

List OF PLATES:

1881.

Pilate Page

I. Fishes of the‘ Alert’ Survey. Neophrynichthys latus. .

II. Fishes of the ‘ Alert’ Survey. A. Melanostigma gelati- } 18

nosum ; B. Gymnelis pictus ; C, D. Maynea patagonica

III.

IV.} Mollusca of the ‘ Alert’ Survey..........0. eee e00, 22

V.

VI. Polyzoa and Corals of the ‘ Alert’ Survey............ 44

VII. Crustacea of the ‘ Alert’ Survey. [email protected] 61

- Echinodermata of the ‘ Alert’ Survey .............. 87

*- | Sponges of the * Alert” § 107

x1, J Sponges of the ‘ Alert’ Survey ......... «| Serer Or

XII. Fig. 1. Saturnia iole. Fig. 2. S.arnobia. Fig. 3.

S. sciron. Fig. 4. Castnia erycina .........00. 141

XIII. Fig. 1. Saturnia argiphontes. Fig. 2. S. sergestus.

Bigs: Gi 1S: hyperbias Ailes. dca es ete tka ee 2

XIV. Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Petreroreteagee ee tre ley fe tats oot 163

XV. Fig. 1. Cisticola incana. Fig. 2. Ste a halfouri . .

VL. Passer tnsilarig OEP ee eis es veal. : 165

XVII. Rhynchostruthus socotranus ...... 0. cece ee ees

ey Miles Sacotenm Eutterdiogms: cis deca sade oe'S2 Co bant es 175

MIX... Neomixis striatiquld™. 20820 8 6 ec as thes ES

XX. Cylindrophis lineatus ........ 0... cece ee cee eens

XXI. Fig. 1. Simotesdennysi. Fig. 2. Ophites subcinctus,

Fig. 3. Rhacophorus dennysi. Fig. 4. Rana macro-

don . ats Soehococe sc

XXII. Fig. 1. @rreouiedra (Pincadaetyiti) Petionlatee Hig: 2.)

Leposoma buckleyi. Vig. 3. Cercosaura (Priono-

GARbUINS) TARICULG +. 0s a u's hase ae ede

XXIII. Fig. 1. Ecpleopus (Euspondylus) guentheri. Fig. 2.

Goniodactylus concinnatus. es 3. Goniodactylus -22

buckley . .

XXIV. Fig. 1. Anolis Pealengen. Fig 2. 'Bhipatias Garena

XXV. Fig. 1. Enyalius prestabilis. Fig. 2. Hoplocercus

GNNUIATIS 2.0 ecesceee Spron ccicaintinln co enre Onan

215

1V

Plate Page

XXVI. Enyalius oshaughnessyt .....sseeeee cer reeceee cess 246

Peart Socotran Land Shells) (2.60 on «jereinlers) stein) oletele) oietereisls 251

XXIX. Pithecia-albinasa ........... Aenea Toc oa onic 258

XXX. Hispide from Ecuador ..........2.eceeeesscceess 260

KXXI. ‘New Africam:Hhynchota .f.2%. bee oh ss eens 270

XXXII.

XXXII. | Shells’ from! MasteAfricay shin sitacil cire selene oioreneeee 276

XXXIV.

Vv

pave New North-American Tineidw...........0eeeeeeee 301

it New, AsiatieMepidapterainsccic sles s c ott cere atete 326

XXXIX. Ortygocichla rubiginosa.....seseeesescnscavsosace 452

Ka Wty Op eS WLU GD Vee yasote) oe lola) -lafele\ stalstatels: seb isiels (»/ viet \ 461

NGG Lay yAMINCNIS! SOCOLTE. Vs van iaeledeqen\ayareletey® 1 eh- go laieleliehalr) «7 a)els

Bie Me Rristus aiesugnis) Vat1<< syeisie eietale ate) erslelee b: 464

», 2. Hemidactylus hommolepis.........1+seeeeee

MGI. Coleoptera trom Socotra yereje . siceselsisye-t s\n scl eels) eras 469

XLIV. Figs.1,2,3. Papilio castor. Fig. 4. P.pollux ....

Fig. 5. P. pollux (gynandromorphous).......+++ 479

XLV. Papilio pollux, var. dravidarum ...........00000 05

MLV: Buanremon Manonts Sommers « sors ieee sx onteas « ate) eteeee 4384

MEVIL.~ Bios: 15 Va. Astemasphhinptt o. os cosines = ajeinele

» 2, 2a. A.mermis. Figs. 3, 3a. A. verrilli .... 492

XLVIII. Fig. 4, Asterias spirabilis. Figs. 5, 5a, A. rollestoni.

Bigs 103005100, Agaponicd! (a. «\-\ej-teae «leis stele se

XLIX. Anatomy of Spotted Hyzna.........-.... eee ee ee 516

Li. Mus Glangordt ice 6+ sists See oct vv L521

LI. Indian species of Mus (emia a RidetiavshatensireevarerNe tacos

LID. Bigs L.Sigmodus scopifronsis.:.jerewee 2-2 alee era

$5). 2a; LAY DAT GUS NIVELGUTUALUS, Fe lorcybrect< «teaiete) | eae 561

TUL” “Anatomy: of Ei cpisi: stermmetatet ovals e\erets eteiieuel sie tctaevedes oleilets 624

GIN (Orge betsd same MAAC SO

LV. New Shells from Sammie a Busca hie Mate era 628

LVI. New Shells from various localities ..............+5 635

TV ae.

LVI. } Fins of Blasmiobranels) aij. tteoue cc cic’ ezareralete audersiaie sic > 656

LUX. -Aguma mensic dep rrielecuais) sere siete /otpe\ie ieee iain 671

LX... commana: Str aalingtmiiisls ail aeleweiels +2 skies oe 682

LXI. Mollusea of the ‘ Lightning’ and ‘ Porcupine’ Expedi- 693

UO CEES sso ooo duidbid sob CURD qua or 4 uooeaomts

LXII. Horns of Rhinoceros bicornis ..............00000> 725

LXIIT. Fig. 1. Acanthodactylus bedriage. Fig. 2. A. seutel->

WOEUS 5 ox Schott mets totes poay Sepak, congas js EE UETAMA ce tS |

Fig. 3. A. micropholis. Fig. 4. A. syriacus ........ >739

LXIV. Fig. 1. Acanthodactylus tristrami. Fig.2. A. boskianus |

Fig. 3. A, cantori, | Fig. 4. A. vulgaris............ J

Plate

LXV.

LXVI.

LXVII.

LXVIII. l

LXIX. |

LXX.

LXXI.

LXXII.

CUTTER AC OSBORN GaCarO SoM eee

INGVOVATANGINGAI ciccc see ests vis vias 47018 Samed 4 alserony ©

Rhipidura macgillivrayt. ... 0.0. cece eee eee eens

SOCOnTAMUANG SS HELISiacc so ate Gass alow eis ee ee ease

Mollusca of the ‘ Lightning ’ and ‘ Porcupine’ Expedi-

NGI > REA olG. Hone 6 paDeD Oe DT atd DOO OU OnN OC

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Relea

LIST OF WOODCUTS.

1881.

Page

Left ear of Hesperomys coppingert ..cccssvecccccccsvceuscesues 4

Right foot of Hesperomys coppingert ..... ccc cecsevencevacceaes AL

AVN ea OL Caste ery ClNG, . Aacaievalsvexerti sei ys) adler SeleeRee Me eae 142

Side view of upper teeth of adult male Elephant Seal ............ 150

Side view of lower teeth of adult male Elephant Seal ......... ale LOL

AC HAN Of Lee LUIS UN CULALUS cass axeusie. HelayAds aoa ales wore Melee ee 168

Head, wing, and right foot of Rhynchostruthus socotranus ........ 170

iiveror Koala, vtrom a bOVe;-.. caskets Scieteonln tl dalle ances 186

Wtimeron Koala, from: blows. .<.s,sjej- ahesstels)atertfel os eteleve Kis avy Sete eae 187

Head of Harpiocephalus tubimaris si ccccccicsvcceccecedeccdcues 200

Pecth.ok Arincola blanfords) 2 Aawiais vais Dawa des 4d eeue | . 206

Hind foot:af Asvrcola Glan fords... sce sjxc0 on ueisenansd anit eve 206

Bilin ohied Geleusw tient mvc oii, $A Ss Se a ee 214

Neuration of wines Of Aitole Belle. 6 oc. oetsicd sets sue ulc ot pe 'e'e . 824

Nueration of wings of Heliodines reesella .... csc cece cecesececeees 524

Crown of first upper molar of Gymnura rafflesit.........000 cee 391

Stomach of Gymnura rafflesi ...... ppatalieiedelsveyons, aoleiba weet ete sarot 398

Stomach of Hrinaceus CwrOp@us .ivecseccccccccccusccccvvccces 398

Toiyen Of Gani GAPleEsey. i jeteimare a ialcjelelsl ole clelele pets aa eto eele ents 599

iver of Lrenaceus, Cuopaeusi. spleen wanes os bo nldenieea sete rene 399

Nitin eS TOfAG YUU A TAHICRetanee ccc tiotcs sees ce eee seh detec 400

Lungs of Erinaceus ewropeus ...sessseveees ADoDOGHE ele jeisie sleleteys 400

Uterus and vagina of Gymnura rafflestt 6.6.6 eee e cence 401

Uterus and vagina of Erinaceus europ@us ..civcccccecccecncuens 401

SkullNom Princes. eurOpeus scan pcss es tole seats Oecnembeces coed 403

Slaull of Hrinaceus blanfordt 2.26. eecevecesacrcrevees Topo 403

Radius of Spherechinus granularts .....csccresescccvcrescccees 430

Sternum of Conopophaga lineata .........cevevevsccsescvecces 436

Sketch of the Manatee in the Brighton Aquarium..............., 457

Head-shields of Pachycalamus brevis .iccecccececesccevnccceues 461

Foot of Hemidactylus homerolepis ......0.ccccccreccesevcccssens 465

Head of Eremias balfourt .....6eee scene GresePaiGRrTe ar etetaiel aYeies asthe .. 468

Cc

Page

SRT AG HOH NGIOG. Gn Cok tin BECO H DONO OGLE. Bon ont HOLL tution eo 559

Paramelania crassigranwlatd vic. c eect eee e ees eigeee Mouse aetracrard 560

Shallots Parner gaan va ina.c sowie sd a dhwis.2p5s eltienol late see ote pt eee 643

Sternum and shoulder-girdle of Metopidius albinucha ............ 645

Wing-bones of Metopidius albinucha.........cccec cere c ev aeneeee 646

Pectoral fins and girdle of an adult of Scylliwm canicula .......... 663

Right pelvic fin and part of pelvic girdle of an adult female of

SCY UMM CANUCUI Oars resivn tok clete aa eters oye! oVeloha eta) elels)« anes mt eheye eiseal ote 663

lead! of Scimcus COMMOSUTIS. sce css caw ev sas eioere/seiyeere ys) diaxnsetontele 677

Hleadiot Catachlcena Qiacenia a ec uant ethene 0 eis:e:3-sys ria s/olsttla visas eres 679

lead of. 71d Opis Lem OTAleSe «tele a ohs}o-xinious !vile nlo[o1ove oleic feleashsieneheaeeee 681

Scales of Hydrophisitemporaues cis siaisics cies s.0.s 000 ols ssn sais 681

Hyoid bones and muscles of Epomophorus frangueti ........e eens 686

Hyoid bones and larynx of Epomophorus franqueti .... 0... eens 687

Head and neck of Epomophorus franquett 6... ccc cece eee e eee nes 689

Vertical and longitudinal section through the centre of the larynx

Of EDOM OPhOrUs FRANG UEC vaiarsss\orarcyn sie rnfe syajets ciateata eieees Meera 690

Hyoid bones and muscles of Epomophorus macrocephalus .......4.. 691

lions :Of (COD Us VORAOMI tey .1ap leiniels chal <pevouss Wats sexe <tohohel eae eet cleat) Aen 760

Bill, wing, tail, and foot of Micromonacha lanceolata............65 776

Bill, wing, tail, and foot of Hapaloptila castanead .......0. eevee (eds

Bifurcating trachea of Struthio camelus ...csvecececccescsneaees 779

Bifurcating trachea of Apteryx mantelli ........ ES Odor h. luo 781

Bifurcating trachea of Caswarius galeatus .....e cee eee cece eseene 783

Bifureating trachea of Rhea americand....sccricecccees ctowetehaye, ash 785

Flexor muscles of right foot of Cercopithecus callitrichus ........45 815

Adductor muscles and flexores breves of right foot of Cercopithecus

COUBER ACIS TS ste Beavis oleae ia Stato fe 0% 5 ye bolas) eh PO Meorneectehal Salon eae RMN: 816

Loddigesia mirabilis (Jeune male). ........ cc. cede cc scseerenene 833

Palate Of PLA OMACTUS IROCINNON ~ > «ism. «levels nies ore shi tine ete shel eee 837

Diagram showing the temperature-curves of the male and female

Gncubating) Pythons . ave ati neat larels oh Matera Teenie este totem 963

Vaginal apparatus of Macropus rufus ......cce cece cece e eens nnes 985

Generative organs of a young Halmaturus ualabatus ...........+4. 988

Vaginal apparatus of Dendrolagus inustus .......+5 eter in Sabir 989

Urogenital organs of young Macropus rufts ..... 0c eee eee e eens 995

PROCEEDINGS

OF TIE

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

OF THE

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

January 4, 1881.

Professor Flower, LL.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Sclater exhibited a skin of the Southern Merganser (Mergus

australis, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. au Péle Sud, Zool. iii. p. 152, Atlas,

t. 31. fig. 2), from the Auckland Islands, belonging to the collec-

tion of Baron Anatole von Hiigel.

Baron A. von Hiigel had obtained two examples of this very scarce

bird from the Auckland Islands when in New Zealand in 1875, and

had presented one of them to the British Museum. The other was

now exhibited. The acquisition of these birds had been already

recorded by Baron A. von Hiigel inthe Ibis for 1875 (p. 392), but had

been overlooked by Mr. Sclater in his recent paper on the Anatidee

(P. Z. S. 1880, p. 513).

Mr. Sclater observed that, though the colouring of the plate in

the ‘ Voyage au Pole Sud’ seemed rather too bright, there could be

no question, he thought, of Baron A. Von Hiigel’s bird being referable

to the same species. Mergus australis appeared to come nearest to

Mergus brasiliensis, as already indicated by Hombron and Pucheran,

but differed in its brown head, the longitudinal (not transverse) mark-

ings below, and longer bill. As regards the form of the tail, com-

mented on by Hombron and Pucheran, there seemed to be little

difference between the two species.

Prof. Newton, M.A., F.R.S., exhibiting, on behalf of Prof.

Alphonse Milne-Edwards, For. Mem. Z. S., an egg of Cariama

cristata, remarked :—

“This rare egg was lately sent to me by M. Alphonse Milne-

Edwards, that I might exhibit it to the Society. He writes to me :—

‘L’ceuf de Cariama dont je vous ai parlé a été pondu A la Menagerie

au Muséum cet été. La ponte est de 2 ceufs. Le male et la femelle

couvent successivement. Une éclosion aeu lieu au bout de 29 jours.

Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1881, No. I. 1

2 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

Le jeune était couvert de duvet gris, relevé de taches d’un brun foncé.

Malheureusement il a été mangé par le pére, et les observations n’ ont

pu étre continuées.’

“The egg unfortunately arrived broken. It is white, very sparsely

blotched with reddish-brown, a few of the markings taking the

form of irregular hair-like lines, and measures 2°24 by 1°62 in.

Thienemann, in his ‘ Fortpflanzungsgeschichte der gesammten

Vogel,’ has figured what he professes to call a specimen of this egg

(tab. Ixxii. fig. 14); but, as is well known, the letterpress of that

work is incomplete, and no one can say whether the specimen was

genuine. In like manner M. des Murs, in his ‘Oologie Ornitho-

logique,’ has described the egg of this species (p. 368); but, again,

evidence as to the authenticity of the specimen is not forthcoming.

On the receipt of this egg from M. Milne-Edwards, I at once be-

thought me of an egg which had long been known to me as existing

in the collection of Mr. H. F. Walter F.Z.S.; and that gentleman

has been so kind as to send it to me for exhibition to-night. This

specimen is considerably larger than that laid in captivity, and also is

more highly coloured. In appearance it at once calls to mind eggs

of the Rallide, while the egg from Paris can hardly be said to show

such an affinity. It is to be hoped that before long greater success

may attend the attempts at inducing this interesting form to breed,

either in the Jardin des Plantes or the Gardens of our Society, so

that some more distinct conclusion may be drawn, from the evidence

thus to be obtained, as to the affinities of Cariama.”

The following papers were read :—

1. Account of the Zoological Collections made during the

Survey of H.M.S. ‘Alert’ in the Straits of Magellan

and on the Coast of Patagonia. Communicated by

Dr. Aubert Gintuer, F.R.S., F.Z.S., Keeper of the

Zoological Department, British Museum.

[Received November 4, 1880.]

(Plates I.—X1.)

I. Mammalia, by Otprietp Tuo- VII. Coleoptera, by O. O. WATER-

MAS, p. 3. HouSsE, p. 80.

II. Birds, by R. B. Suarrs, p. 6. VIII. Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and

Ill. Reptiles, Batrachians, and Hemiptera, by A. G. Burt-

Fishes, by Dr. A. Giinrusr, LER, p. 82.

p- 18. IX. Echinodermata, by F. J. Brut,

TY. Mcllusca and Moluscoida, by p. 87.

EK. A. Smiru, p. 22. X. Celenterata and Spongiide,

V. Polyzoa, by 8. O. Riprzy, p. 44. by 8. O. Rinuey, p. 101.

VI. Crustacea, by E. J. Mirrs, p.61.

The collections described in the following series of papers were

made by Dr. R. W. Copprncer, Staff-Surgeon of H.M.S. ‘ Alert,’

during the cruise of that ship on the coasts of the southern ex-

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 3

tremity of the American continent, and transmitted to the British

Museum by command of the Lords Commissioners of the Ad-

miralty.

The collections arrived in two consignments—the first in September

1879, and the second in July 1880. With regard to the former,

Dr. Coppinger writes :—‘‘The specimens were obtained, with few

exceptions, in the western portion of the Magellan region, and in

the immediate neighbourhood of the Madre-de-Dios archipelago,

off the west coast of Patagonia. They will be found duly labelled

as to the localities in which they were obtained ; and“I may add that

all of the specimens which are not otherwise noted were found in

the living state.” The second consignment consisted of specimens

partly collected in the same district, partly more northwards, as far

as Coquimbo. It contained also some dredgings and pelagic animals

from the Atlantic, which do not come within the scope of this

Report ; and a series of fossils from Sandy Point and Quiriquina

Island, which were delivered to the Department of Geology.

Dr. Coppinger was fully aware of the special interest attached to

the marine fauna of these coasts. Essentially antarctic im its char-

acter, it comprises a number of forms closely allied to, nay, even

identical with, arctic animals, such as he himself had observed

and assisted to collect during the voyage to the Polar Seas, under

the command of Capt. Sir G. Nares. He directed his attention

especially to the marine Invertebrata ; and consequently the majority

of novelties will be found in those classes; yet also the series of

marine Vertebrates, small as it is, contains forms of no small interest

which had escaped the notice of his immediate predecessors the

naturalists of H.M.SS. ‘ Nassau’ and ‘Challenger.’ The best thanks

of zoologists are due to the Lords of the Admiralty, from whom Dr.

Coppinger has received every encouragement in making this valu-

able contribution to our knowledge of the Antarctic fauna.

The various parts of the collection have been examined and de-

scribed by the staff of the Zoological Department ; and for the con-

venience of the student-of this fauna it seems desirable to give the

results of these examinations in a connected form and systematic

order.

I. MAMMALIA.

By OuprieLp Tuomas.

The Mammalia collected by Dr. Coppinger are few in number;

but they include specimens of a new and handsome species of

Hesperomys, which I propose to name after the collector, and a

series of skulls of some of the Magellan Seals. The species are as

follows :—

1. Lurra retina, Mol.

Two skulls, a skeleton, and two skins from Magellan Straits and

the west coast of Patagonia.

1*

4 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

2. OcMoRHINUS LEPTONYX (Blainv.).

~ Stenorhynchus leptonyx, auct.

One skull from the Falkland Isles.

38. OrariA suBATA, Desm.

Four skulls from the Magellan Straits. One of these skulls,

apparently rather aged, has only five teeth on each side above and

below, as in the genus Zalophus ; it has, however, the concave palate

and other characters of this genus. There is no appearance of there

ever having been a sixth pair of teeth; but its absence is no doubt

only an individual variation.

4. ARCTOCEPHALUS AUSTRALIS, Zimm.'

The skin of a young specimen “ six weeks old,”’ and five skulls

from the Magellan Straits.

5. Hesprromys (CALomys) COPPINGERI, Sp. n.

A skin from Tom Bay, and two specimens in spirit ‘‘ caught with

trap on a wooded islet about one acre in extent ” in Cockle Cove,

(Feb. 9, 1879).

Fur very long and soft, fully half an inch in length on the back.

Ears rather short, nearly hidden in the fur. Whiskers of medium

length, the shorter lower ones forming a thick shining white fringe

along the upper lip. On the head and back the wool-hair is of a

deep slaty blue for nine tenths of its length; then follows a subter-

minal band of yellow; and the extreme tip is black. Mixed with

Pig. 7. Fig. 2.

Left ear of Hesperomys coppingert. Right foot of Hesperomys coppingeri.

this wool-hair there are a considerable number of longer black hairs,

the resulting general colour beig very similar to that of the common

Water-vcle (Arvicola amphibius, L.). The dark colour of the

- upperside extends on the limbs to the wrists and ankles, the feet

being covered with short shining white hairs. The ears are thickly

clothed with short woolly hairs similar in colour to the fur of the

back. On the sides the yellow tips of the hairs gradually become

lighter, and on the belly they are nearly pure white, the basal

portion of the fur, however, from the chin to the anus, still being

slate-coloured.

1 Of. J. A. Allen, N. Amer. Pinnipeds, p. 210, 1880,

aS eee eS ee? eee ee

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 5

The tail is very long and but scantily haired; on the upperside

the scales are grey and the hairs dark reddish brown, on the lower

the scales are pale yellow and the hairs white ; along the centre of

the underside, however, ‘there is a distinct narrow line of dark-

brown hairs, contrasting with the white ones on either side.

The ears possess, at about one third the height of the inner

margin, a small projecting lobule, which seems to be present in many

species of this genus, and to be well worthy of notice, as being

very constant in the species in which it is found. The foot-pads

are small but distinct, and the surface of the palms and the distal

half of the soles are coarsely granulated, as shown in the woodcut.

The skull is that of a typical Hesperomys, but shows only a very

faint trace of the supraorbital ridges supposed to be characteristic

of the subgenus Calomys, to which, however, the species undoubtedly

belongs, as proved by its long tail and murine form.

The following are the dimensions of the two spirit specimens,

both of which are adult males :—

a. b.

inches. inches.

Length of head and body .......... ACS eda?

e CVU PES Ske See ae eee Os 64 61

3 CH BENS eet en tS ages axe 1-4

53 CARER Nt.. sca bas oie Miss’ «, Seaewe O:n5.. 0753

= hind foot without claws.... 1°3 1°22

Distance from muzzle to ear-orifice..... 1:08

Measurements of skull of 6 :—

inch

1 Si) 2 es ah er ARE ae a 12

STORED Pete Papen IO hoes Peis SOS | AT PBA SS 0°65

Breadth between orbits’ 22.0.0). 028. PE 0-16

oe iC MERIES Sie. LOL tere Ls iad. OF AR, 0-4

5 lower jaw, from condyle to.tip of incisors .. 0°76

The species to which H. coppingeri appears most nearly allied are

H. lutescens, Gay’, and H. philippii, Landb.’, both from Chili.

The first, however, is much larger, being 5°7 inches in length, while

its tail is only as long as the trunk. Moreover the skull, as figured

by Gay, possesses strong supraorbital ridges, while our three

specimens of JH. coppingeri, as stated above, show but little trace of

them. 4H. philippii, though somewhat similar in size and colour,

may be readily distinguished by the extreme shortness of its tarsus

(0°8in.); and by the character of its fur, which is described as being

short and fine, while that of H. coppingeri, as mentioned above, is

particularly long and soft.

6. Heserromys (HAaBROTHRIX) XANTHORHINUS, Waterh.

A skin from Monteith Bay, and a specimen in spirit from Sandy

Point.

1 Hist. Chile, i. p. 118; Atlas, pl. vii. fig. 2.

2 Wiegm. Archiv, 1858, i. p. 80. _

6 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

7. CrENOMYS MAGELLANICUS, Benn.

A spirit specimen from Pechett Harbour.

8. Ocropon preGus, Mol.

Two skins from Coquimbo (June 1879).

9. Myororamus coypu, Mol.

Askin from Swallow Bay (March 21, 1880), and askin and skeleton

from Talcahuano, Concepcion (September 1879).

10. Puysatus, sp.

A cervical vertebra and two tympanic bones of a species of this

genus, obtained at Point Rosario, are in the collection, but are not

sufficient to enable me to identify the species.

Besides these specimens, Dr. Coppinger discovered, in caves on

the cliffs, various human and mammalian remains, of which, we

may hope, he himself will give an account, with full details of the

circumstances under which they were found.

II. BIRDS.

By R. Bowp.er SHarprr.

Although the region in which Dr. Coppinger has been working

has already received considerable attention from ornithologists, so

that no novelties are to be expected, yet the careful way in which

Dr. Coppinger has prepared and labelled his specimens, and the

localities and dates he gives, render his collections very interesting.

The following extracts are taken from one of his letters, in

which he alludes to the localities where his first collection was

- obtained. Writing from Coquimbo in June 1879, Dr. Coppinger

observes :—“ The collection of birds will appear, at first sight, very

incomplete, at least when compared with those which have been

been made by ships previously employed in surveying in the Ma-

gellan region. I wish, therefore, to call attention to the circum-

stance that the surveying operations of the ‘ Alert’ have hitherto

been confined to the archipelago fringing the west coast of Pata-

gonia, and chiefly to the neighbourhood of the Trinidad Channel in

50° S. latitude, where the rainfall is excessive, and the Bird-fauna

scanty as compared with that part of the Magellan region situated

to the eastward of Port Famine and Sandy Point.”

A few eggs were also sent by Dr. Coppinger; but they call for

very few remarks, having already in most cases been described by

Professor Newton (Ibis, 1870, p. 501).

In the present paper I have referred to the three essays published

in the ‘ Ibis’ by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin, as follows :—

1. “List of Birds collected in the Straits of Magellan by Dr.

Cunningham, with remarks on the Patagonian Avifauna,” Ibis,

1868, pp. 183-189.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ fi

2. “Second list of Birds collected by Dr. Cunningham,’’ Ibis,

1869, pp. 283-286.

3. “Third list of Birds collected by Dr. Cunningham,” Ibis,

1870, pp. 499-504.

I have also referred to the paper by the same gentlemen on the

birds collected in Antarctic America during the voyage of H.M.S.

‘ Challenger,’ P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 431-438.

Where the species do not occur in any of the above lists, I have

referred to the ‘Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium’ of the same

authors; and the classification followed is that of the latter work.

1. Turpus MAGELLANICUS, King; Seebohm, Cat. B. v. p. 224.

Turdus falklandicus, Q. & G. apud Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p. 186; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 431.

No. 31. g ad.: Cockle Cove, Straits of Magellan. Bill yellow:

iris yellow.

No. 21. g juv.: Tom Bay, Straits of Magellan, February 24,

1879. Legs yellow; bill yellow; claws black.

No. 117. 2 ad.: Cockle Cove, October 17, 1879. Bill yellow;

eyes dark ; legs and feet yellow.

2. Mimus toenca (Mol.); Scl. & Saly. Ibis, 1870, p. 499.

No. 95. 9 : Coquimbo, July 1879. Gizzard containing seeds,

leaves, grass, and bones.

3. Puryerius GAyi (Eyd. & Gerv.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p- 186, 1869, p. 285; iid. P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 432.

No. 53. 6: Tom Bay, January 18, 1879.

4. Puryeitus Fruticeti (Kittl.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p. 185.

No. 108. ¢: Coquimbo, August 25, 1879. Eyes dark brown;

bill yellow ; legs yellow.

No. 111. Coquimbo, June 1879. Stomach very muscular,

apparently containing seeds.

_ 5. ZonorricuiaA CANICAPILLA, Gould; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p- 185; iid. Ibis, 1869, p. 284; iid. P. Z.S. 1878, p. 432.

No. 110. Puerto Bueno, November 1879. Iris brown; bill

black ; legs light grey.

6. Drvca ertsea, Less. ; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 499.

No. 109. 2: Coquimbo, June 1879.

7. STURNELLA MILITARIS (L.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1863, p- 186.

No. 29. g: Peckett Harbour, Straits of Magellan, January 4,

1879.

8. Curazus aTeRRIMUs (Kittl.); Sel. & Salv. Ibis, 1869, p. 283 ;

iid. P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 432.

8 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [ Jan. 4,

No. 18. ¢: Tom Bay, March 6, 1879. Eyes dark, eyelids black ;

feet and legs black ; bill black.

No. 85. g: Isthmus Bay, Straits of Magellan, January 11,

1879.

An egg, much broken, is also forwarded. It is pure white, and

measures, axis 1*1 inch, diam. 0°8.

9. CENTRITES NIGER (Bodd.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 187 ;

lid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 432.

No. 33. Cape Gregory, January 1, 1879.

10. AN&ZRETES PARVULUs (Kittl.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1869,

p. 283; iid. P.Z.S. 1878, p. 432.

No. 36. ¢: Malaspina Islands, Trinidad Channel, February 16,

1879. Bill and legs black.

11. Preroprocuus ALBICOLLIs, Kittl.; Scl. & Salv. Nomencl.

Av. Neotr. p. 76.

No. 96. g: Coquimbo, August 5, 1879. Eyes dark brown;

legs and bill black.

12. Geosirra cunicuLaRiA (V.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1870,

p- 499.

No. 106. $: Coquimbo, Juue 1879.

13. TazniopreRA pyropsr, Kittl.; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p- 187.

No. 97. 2: Skyring Water, March 1880. Iris light yellow;

bill black ; legs and feet black.

14. AGRIORNIS MARITIMA, Lafr. et d’Orb.; Scl. & Salv. Ibis,

1868, p. 185.

No. 94. 9: Coquimbo, June 1879. Stomach containing re-

mains of insects (locusts).

15. Muscisax1coLa MENTALIS (Lafr. et d’Orb.); Scl. & Salv.

Ibis, 1868, p. 187.

No. 112. Coquimbo, June 1879.

16. CrncLopgs Fuscus (V.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 186.

No. 47. g: Peckett Harbour, January 4, 1879.

No. 104. g: Coquimbo, June 1879. From sea-shore rocks.

17. CincLopEs paTacHuonicus (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p. 186, 1869, p. 283; iid. P.Z.S. 1878, p. 433.

No. 49. g: Tom Bay, January 23, 1879.

No. 50. Elizabeth Island, January 6, 1879.

No. 20. Twenthu Island, Trinidad Channel, February 25, 1879.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 9

18. UpucertTHiA puMETORIA, Geoffr. et d’Orb.; Scl. & Salv.

Ibis, 1868, p. 187.

No. 105. 2: Coquimbo, June 1879. Legs greyish pink.

19. Oxyurus sprnicaupAa (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p- 185; iid. P.Z.S. 1868, p. 433.

No. 115. ¢: Port Riofrio, west coast of Patagonia.

No. 38. Trinidad Channel, February 1879.

20. PyGaRRHICUS ALBIGULARIS (King); Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S.

1878, p. 433.

No. 114. Skyring Water, Magellan’s Straits, March 1880. Iris

black ; bill and legs horn-colour.

21. EusrerHanus GALERITUS (Mol.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1869,

p- 283; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 433.

No. 35. 2: Cockle Cove, February 9, 1879.

22. Paracona e1eas (Mol.); Sel. & Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 499.

No. 113. Coquimbo, August 25, 1879. Eyes black; bill and

legs black.

23. CeryLe sTELLATA (Meyen) ; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 187,

1869, p. 283; iid. P. Z.S. 1878, p. 434.

No. 25. ¢: Cockle Cove, February 7, 1879.

A, Sternum. (Tom Bay.)

24. Srenopsis BrFasciaTA (Gould); Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 96.

No. 107. 9: Coquimbo, June 1879. Eyes yellow.

25. ZENAIDA MACULATA (V.): Scl..& Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr.

p. 132.

No. 118. ¢: Coquimbo, June 1879. Bill dark ; legs red.

26. RurnoGrypuus aura (L.); Sharpe, Linn. Soc. Journ. xiii.

p- 21.

Cathartes aura (L.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1869, p. 284; iid. P.Z.S.

1878, p. 435.

a. 3: Tom Bay, April 11, 1879. Iris dark; eyelids and cere

flesh-colour ; bill horn-colour ; legs dirty yellow.

6. 2: Tom Bay, April 11, 1879. Eyes dark; skin of head and

neck light red: legs and feet dirty grey.

A, Trachea. -

The two specimens sent by Dr. Coppinger would appear, from a

comparison of the skins, to be of the same species as the ordinary

Rhinogryphus aura of North America. I have already determined

Chilian specimens in the British Museum as belonging to the last-

named species ; and, as far as I can now judge from the increased

series in that collection, the grey-winged Vultures are confined to

10 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4

the Falkland Islands. I presume that Dr. Coppinger’s specimens

are a pair, male and female being shot on the same day—the difference

in the colour of the soft parts being a very noticeable feature ; while

I must at the same time admit that the female with her “ light

red” head has more grey edgings to the wing-feathers than the

male, and thus shows an approach to R. falklandicus.

27. InycTeR CHIMANGO (V.); Sharpe, Cat. B.i. p. 41.

Milvago chimango (V.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 187 ; iid.

P. Z.S. 1878, p. 435.

No. 6. ¢: Cockle Cove, February 9, 1879. Legs olive-green,

claws black ; irides dark grey ; cere grey.

No. 82. ¢: Talcahuano, September 1879. Eyes light brown ; legs

grey ; bill grey and white.

28. Potysorvus THARUS (Mol.); Sharpe, Cat. B. i. p. 31; Sel.

& Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 188, 1870, p. 499; iid. P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 435.

No. 57. ¢ juv.: Port Henry, Straits of Magellan, January 25,

1879. Cere fleshy grey ; eyes black.

No. 14. Q juv.: Port Henry, January 25, 1879. Cere orange ;

tarsi grey and yellow.

No. 12. 2 ad.: Tom Bay, March 1879. Bill grey; cere orange-

yellow ; tarsi grey ; feet yellow; claws black.

29. Circus crinrrEvs, V.; Sharpe, Cat. B.i. p. 56.

No. 83. 9: Coquimbo, June 1879. Legs and feet yellow; claws

black. Stomach containing remains of birds.

30. CERCHNEIS CINNAMOMINA (Sw.); Sharpe, Cat. B. 1. p. 439.

Tinnunculus sparverius (L.); Sel. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 188,

1870, p. 499; iid. P.Z.8. 1878, p. 434.

No. 119. Q: Coquimbo, June 1879. Legs grey; feet yellow;

bill blue. Stomach containing remains of birds.

31. Buso MAaGELLANICus (Gm.); Sharpe, Cat. B. ii. p. 29;

Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 188.

No. 45. ¢: Cape Gregory, Straits of Magellan, January 1879.

Trides golden yellow; horns prominent ; claws black.

No. 44. 2: Port Henry, Straits of Magellan, January 28, 1879.

No. 138. g: Mayne Harbour, Straits of Magellan, January 1879.

The female.is a much darker bird than the male, suggesting

almost the possibility of its being in melanistic plumage ; the general

aspect of the upper surface is almost uniform; and the centre tail-

feathers have nocross bars at all. Inthe male the light cross bands

are seven in number, without counting the whitish apical band.

32. Speoryro cunicuLarRiA (Mol.); Sharpe, Cat. B. ii. p. 142.

Pholeoptyne cunicularia (Mol.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 188.

No. 120. 9: Coquimbo, June 1879. Eyes yellow; feet grey in

front, yellow behind ; bill horn-colour.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S, ‘ ALERT.’ 11

33. GuaucipIuM NANUM (King); Sharpe, Cat. B. ii. p. 190;

Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 188.

No. 30. Sandy Point, January 1879.

34. PHALACROCORAX MAGELLANICUs (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis,

1870, p- 499.

No. 7. 2: Trinidad Channel, February 27, 1879. Iris reddish

brown ; lids and wattled skin of a blood-red colour; legs grey in

front, dusky black behind.

35. PHALACROCORAX IMPERIALIs (King) ; Scl. & Salv. P. Z.S.

1878, p. 652.

P. carunculatus (Gm.), iid. Ibis, 1869, p. 284, 1870, p. 499.

No. 40. 9: Tom Bay, April 4, 1879. Iris brown; cere dark

grey; eyelids dark grey; legs and feet light grey anteriorly, and

dark grey posteriorly.

36. CEsTRELATA DEFILIPPIANA, Salvad. & Gigl.; Salv. in

Rowley’s Orn. Mise. i. p. 255, pl. x xxiii.

No. 64. g¢: St. Ambrose, July 21, 1879. Bill black; tarsi

lavender-coloured.

37. THALASS@CA TENUIROSTRIS, Audub.; Sharpe, Rep. Trans.

Venus Exp., B. Kerguel. p. 23.

Fulmarus glacialoides (Smith) ; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 189.

Thalasseeca glucialoides (Smith) ; Salv. P. Z.S. 1878, p. 736.

No. 63. ¢: Valparaiso, August 4, 1879. Legs grey, with blue

stains; bill grey, with blue patches.

A. Sternum.

38. OCEANITES GRALLARIA (V.).

Fregata grallaria (V.); Salv. P. Z. 8S. 1868, p. 735.

Thalassidroma gracilis, Elliot, Ibis, 1859, p. 391.

7. segethi, Ph. & Landb. Arch. f. Naturg. 1850, p. 282.

No. 65. @Q: off St. Ambrose, July 20,1879. Bill and feet black.

Mr. Salvin has already suggested the identity of the Chilian birds

described by Mr. Elliot and Drs. Philippi and Landbeck with O.

leucogastra of Gould( T. grallaria, V.); and from the specimen now

sent by Dr. Coppinger, I must say that I can see no difference at all.

39. OceanirEs oceanica (Kuhl); Sharpe, Report Trans. of

Venus Exped. Birds, p. 32 ; Salvin, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 735.

No. 37. ¢: lat. 9° 47'S., long. 33° 5' W., November 8, 1878.

Caught at sea.

40. OssIFRAGA GIGANTEA (Gm.); Sharpe, Report Trans. of

Venus Exped., Birds, p. 142; Salvin, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 737.

No. 4. o: Tom Bay, April 13, 1879. Bill light grey ; iris

dark brown; eyelids black ; legs and feet dark grey.

12 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

No. 61. g: Valparaiso, August 4, 1879. Legs black.

No. 126 $?: Valparaiso, August 18, 1879.

A, Sternum.

uf

41. DiomMEDEA MELANOPHRYS, Temm.; Salv. P. Z. 8S. 1878,

p- 740.

No. 86. ¢: Valparaiso, August 13, 1879. Bill grey, with dark

tips ; feet light grey ; iris dark brown.

A. Trachea.

42. PELECANOIDES URINATRIX (Gm.); Sharpe, Report Trans.

of Venus Exped., Birds, p. 14.

P. garnoti (Less.) ; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 739.

No. 34. 9: Antonio Islands, Trinidad Channel, February 17,

1879. Eyes black; bill black; legs slate-colour. Stomach con-

taining small Crustacea.

No. 96. 9: Cockle Cove, October 16, 1879. Bill black; iris

dark brown ; legs and feet slate-coloured.

The following are the dimensions of the adult specimen :—total

length 8°5 inches, culmen 0°75, wing 4°9, tail 1-7, tarsus 1. These

measurements exceed those of the specimens already in the Museum

from the Straits of Magellan, and appear to be intermediate between

the ordinary P. urinatrix and the larger P. garnoti, which, after all,

does not seem to be a very distinct species.

43. Daprion CApPENsIs (L.) ; Sharpe, Report Trans. of Venus

Exped., Birds, p. 19; Salvin, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 737.

No. 2. gd: off Tres Montes, May 10, 1879. Iris dark brown;

bill and legs black ; eyelids black.

3: off St. Ambrose, July 20, 1879. Iris dark grey.

No. 135. ¢: lat. 31° 52’S., long. 18° 37' W. Iris dark grey.

A. Sternum.

44, MasaquEus QUINOCTIALIS (L.); Salvin, P. Z. S. 1878,

p- 737.

No. 132. g: Valparaiso, August 1879. Eyes dark brown; bill

grey and black; legs black.

No. 62. 9: Valparaiso, August 13,1879. Same soft parts as ¢.

No. 139. ¢: Valparaiso, August 18, 1879.

45. ATTAGIS FALKLANDICA (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p- 188.

No. 24. g: Cockle Cove, February 14, 1879. Shot on summit

of mountain.

46. Nycricorax ogscurus (Licht.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis 1868,

p- 189, 1869, p. 285; iid. P. Z.S. 1878, p. 436.

No. 54. 2 ad.: Cockle Cove, February 11, 1879. Iris orange ;

legs dark grey ; bill horn-colour.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT,’ 13

. No. 5. Young: Neesham Cove, Trinidad Channel, February 28,

1879. Iris orange; bill black above, greenish yellow beneath ;

eyelids greenish yellow ; legs dark grey in front, yellow behind.

No. 55. ¢ juv.: Cockle Cove, February 12, 1879. Bill black ;

cere green; iris and legs as in No. 5.

47. BerRNIcLA ANTARCTICA (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. P.Z.S. 1878,

p- 437.

Chloephaga antarctica, iid. Ibis, 1869, p. 284, 1870, p. 499.

No. 59. ¢ : Port Henry.

No. 43. 9: Port Henry, February 1879.

No. 79. Pull.: Straits of Magellan, November 1879. Eyes dark

grey; bill black ; legs and feet dark brown.

48. CHLOEPHAGA POLIOCEPHALA, Sclater; Scl. & Salv. Ibis,

1868, p. 189, 1870, p. 489; iid. P. Z.S. 1878, p. 436.

No. 11. 9: Neesham Cove, Trinidad Channel, February 28,

1879. Iris dark brown; bill horn-colour; legs black in front,

orange at back.

No. 123. ¢: Alert Bay, December 3, 1879. Bill black; eyes

dark brown; legs orange, black down the front.

No. 90. 2 pull.: Port Henry, December 3, 1879. Eyes brown;

legs dark grey ; bill horn-colour.

49. TACHYERES CINEREUS (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. P. Z.S. 1878,

p- 437.

Micropterus cinereus (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 189,

_ 1870, p. 499.

No. 52. 9: Puerto Bueno. Legs and feet yellow; bill greenish

olive; eyes black. Shot on freshwater lake near the sea.

No. 60. Walney Sound, February 4, 1879. Weight 102 lb.

Crop full of entire mussels and prawns. Stink intense.

No. 58. Elizabeth Island, January 3, 1879.

No. 89. ¢ pull.: Tom Bay, November 30, 1879.

A, Skull. Cockle Cove.

_B. Skeleton. Tom Bay, February 24, 1879.

50. ANAS cristata, Gm.; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 499.

No. 15. 9: Port Rosario, March 15, 1879.

No. 3. 9: Cockle Cove, February 7, 1879. Iris blood-red ; legs

dark grey ; upper mandible horn-colour, lower one flesh-colour.

No. 130. ¢: Tom Bay, November 29, 1879. Eyes yellowish

red; bill black.

The egg is creamy buff, and measures—axis 2°4 inches, diam. 1°65.

51. MARECA SIBILATRIX (Poeppig); Scl. & Salv. P. Z.S. 1876,

p- 395.

Mareca chiloensis, Eyton ; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1869, p. 284.

No. 76. 2: Coquimbo, June 1879.

14 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4, ©

52. Cyenus niGRICOLLIs (Gm.) ; Scl. & Saly. Ibis, 1869, p. 284.

No. 129. ¢: Hugh Bay, west coast of Patagonia, December 20,

1879. Bill blue with red crest ; iris brown; legs and feet light

grey.

A, Sternum. Oct. 1879.

53. Darina spintcaupA(V.); Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. p. 130.

a. No. 78. g: Talcahuano, September 1879. Bill yellow, with

black culmen ; eyes brown; legs and feet grey and black.

54, QUERQUEDULA CYANOPTERA (V.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p- 189.

a. No. 138. $: Talcahuano, September 10, 1879. Iris yellow ;

bill black ; legs and feet yellow; nails dark.

b. No. 71. d: Talcahuano, September 1879. Eyes yellow; bill

black ; legs yellow.

ec. No. 72. 9: Talcahuano, September 22, 1879. Eyes brown;

bill dark, with grey patches; legs light brown.

55. QUERQUEDULA OXYPTERA (Meyen) ; Scl. & Salv. Nomencl.

Av. Neotr. p. 129.

a. No. 75. d+: Port Gallant, west coast of Patagonia, February

1880. Iris dark brown; bill yellow on sides, black culmen; legs

and feet light grey.

6. No. 74. 9: Cockle Cove, October 1879. Bill yellow, with

black culmen; eyes yellow; legs and feet grey.

56. RatLus antTarcticus, King; Scl. & Salv. P.Z.S. 1878,

p- 437.

No. 8. 9: Tom Bay, April 13,1879. Eyes dark red; legs red;

bill with greenish lustre.

No. 123. g: Mayne Harbour, March 1880. Iris red; bill dark

green; legs and feet red.

57. Fuxtica LeucopyerA, Hartl.; Scle & Salv. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 140.

No. 80. g: Talcahuano, September 18, 1879. Bill yellow, with

dark red patch on culmen; eyes yellow; legs olive-green; claws

horn-colour.

58. VANELLUS OCCIDENTALIS, Harting; Scl. & Salv. P.Z.S.

1878, p. 437.

Vanellus cayenennsis, Scl. & Saly. Ibis, 1869, p. 284 (nec Gm.).

No. 56. Peckett Harbour, January 4, 1879.

No. 79. gd: Talcahuano, Chili, September 22, 1879. Iris, pupil

dark red; bill lilac, with black tips; eyelids lilac; legs rose-colour,

with grey feet.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 15

59. EvpromrAs mopgEstTA (Licht.); Sel. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p- 188, 1870, p. 500; iid. P. Z.S. 1878, p. 488.

No. 19. Ad.: Tom Bay, February 1879.

No. 28. ¢ juv.: Puerto del Morro, February 5, 1879.

No. 102. ¢ juv.: Port Henry, January 28, 1879. Eyes black;

legs grey; bill horn-colour.

No. 98. 3: Cockle Cove, October 16, 1879. Iris dark brown;

bill dark; legs light grey.

60. Aictauitis nrvosa (Cass.); Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 143.

No. 103. ¢: Coquimbo, June 1879.

61. SrrepsILAs INTERPRES (L.); Scl. & Saly. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 143.

No. 116. ¢: Talcahuano, September 9, 1879. Iris brown; bill

horn-colour ; legs and feet red.

62. Apuriza virGata (Lath.); Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr.

p- 143.

No. 25. o: Van Islands, Trinidad Channel, February 15, 1879.

Iris black ; eyelids black; legs olive-green; claws black. In flocks,

as if about to migrate.

63. Hamatorus LEucopus (Garnot); Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1878,

p- 437.

No. 23. 9: Cape Sambo, Trinidad Channel, March 3, 1879.

Iris bright yellow; eyelids yellow; feet and legs flesh-coloured ;

claws black.

No. 133. g¢: Tom Bay, January 16, 1879. Iris and eyelid

brilliant yellow; tarsi grey; bill orange.

No. . ¢: Tom Bay, January 16, 1879. Bill orange-red.

No. 92. g juv.: Hugh Bay, December 27, 1879. Iris orange;

legs and feet grey; bill orange, the base black.

A. Skeleton. West coast of Patagonia.

64. Hamarorus ater (V.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 499;

iid, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 438.

No. 22. 9: Port Henry, January 29, 1879. Eyes black; eye-

lids orange-red; bill orange-red ; feet grey.

65. GALLINAGO PARAGUALE (V.); Scl. & Salv. P.Z.S. 13868,

p. 189; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 438.

No. 27. 2: Cockle Cove, February 7, 1879.

66. GALLINAGO STRICKLANDI, Gray ; Scl. & Salvy. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 145.

No. 121. 9: Swallow Bay, March 14, 1880. Eyes dark; legs

and feet greyish yellow. Weight 9 oz.

16 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

67. RHYNCHZA SEMICOLLARIS (V.); Scl. & Saly. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 145.

No. 101. 2: Coquimbo, June 1879. Tarsi green; tips of bill

yellow.

68. Trinca Fuscicotuis (V.); Scl. & Salv. P.Z.S. 1878,

p. 438.

No. 46. 2 in winter plumage: Peckett Harbour, January 4,

1879.

69. Cauipris ARENARIA (L.); Scl. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr.

p- 143.

No. 99. 2: Talcahuano, September 1879. Bill, legs, and feet

black ; eyes brown.

70. GAMBETTA MELANOLEUCA (Gm.); Scl. & Salv. Nomencl.

p- 145.

Nos. 125,77. gd: Talcahuano, April 1880. Iris dark; bill horn-

colour ; legs and feet yellow.

71. Numenius Huupsonicus (L.); Sel. & Salv. Nomencl. Av.

Neotr. p. 146.

No. 78. 2: Talcahuano, September 1879. Legs and feet grey ;

bill horn-colour ; eyes dark brown.

72. STERNA HIRUNDINACEA, Less.; Saunders,. P. Z.S. 1876,

p- 647.

Sterna cassini, Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1870, p. 500.

a. No. 81. ¢: Tom Bay, November 30, 1879. Bill, legs, and

feet red.

6. No. 93. Spull.: Tom Bay, November 29, 1879.

ce. $: Cockle Cove, October 16, 1879. Bill and legs red; claws

black ; iris dark.

73. ANOUS CINEREUS, Gould; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 272.

No. 66. 2: off St. Ambrose, July 21, 1879. Bill black; legs

nearly black; eyes dark.

74. Larus Guaucopes, Meyen; Scl. & Salv. P.Z.S. 1871,

p- 578; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 203.

No. 51. ¢: Cape Gregory, January 1, 1879.

7h. LARUS CIRRHOCEPHALUS, Vieill.; Scl. & Saly. P. Z. S. 1871,

p-. 578; Saunders, P. Z. 8S. 1878, p. 204.

No. 69. $ hiem.: Taleahuano, September 10, 1879. Bill dark

red; legs and feet orange-red ; iris brown.

No. 68. ¢ estiv.: Talcahuano, September 1879. Soft parts as

in No. 69; legs and feet red.

No. 87. ¢: Talcahuano, September 8, 1879. Iris hazel; eyelids

orange-red; bill dark red; legs and feet red.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 17

Q. Skeleton. Talcahuano, September 1879.

The last bird still retains traces of white plumage amongst the

feathers of the head, while No. 69 is a winter-plumaged bird with

white head, on which a few dark feathers are just showing them-

selves.

76. Larus pominicaNnus (Licht.), Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p. 189, 1869, p. 284; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 799.

No. 39. ¢ ad.: Tom Bay, April 5, 1879. Iris clear grey; eye-

lids red ; legs olive.

No. 17. & juv.: Cockle Cove, February 14,1879. Eyes black ;

bill black ; legs dark grey.

No. 16. ¢ juv.: Tom Bay, March 8, 1879. Iris dark brown ;

eyelids black ; bill black ; legs grey.

No. 70. 2 in changing plumage: Valparaiso, August 13, 1879.

Bill grey with black tip; eyes dark ; legs light grey ; claws black.

No. . 2 ad.: Peckett Harbour, Straits of Magellan, January 4,

1879. Bill yellow, the end of lower mandible red; eyelids red ;

eyes clear grey; legs greenish.

No. . ¢ juv.: Puerto Bueno, February 21, 1879. Iris dark

brown, the lids black ; feet grey.

No. 131. Puerto Bueno, February 20, 1879. Bill black; legs

dark grey.

No. . 6: Port Henry, January 28, 1879. Eyelids red ; irides

grey; bill yellow, tip of lower mandible red ; legs and feet olive-

green ; claws black.

77. STERCORARIUS CHILENSIS, Bp.; Saunders, P. Z.S. 1877,

p- 800.

Lestris antarctica (Less.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1869, p. 284.

No. 67. ¢: Straits of Magelheen, December 1879. Bill, legs, and

feet black ; eyes brown.

No. 134. 2 : Taleahuano, September 1879. Eyes dark brown ;

legs and feet black.

78. SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUs (Forst.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis,

1869, p. 284; iid. P.Z.S. 1878, p. 653.

No. 42. Tom Bay, April 7, 1879. Iris brown; eyelids’ edges

black, not flesh-colour ; bill horn-colour ; feet in front black mottled

with white, behind black all over.

No. 1. g juv.: Tom Bay, February 17, 1879. Iris brown;

eyelids black ; bill black; legs grey spotted with black ; claws black.

No. 128. 2 : Tom Bay, April 5, 1879. Bill horn-colour ; iris

brown ; legs in front grey spotted with black ; behind black.

A. Trachea. B. Sternum.

79. PopicErs ROLLANDI (Q. et G.); Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1868,

p. 189, 1869, p. 84

No. 13. Summer plumage. Portland Bay, March 20, 1879.

Iris red ; bill black ; feet and legs black.

Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1881, No. II. 2

18 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

No. 48. Young ¢: Peckett Harbour, January 4, 1879.

No. 137. Picton Channel, March 31, 1879. Iris red; eyelids

black ; legs dark grey.

No. 84. Swallow Bay, March 14, 1880. Bill horn-colour ;

legs and feet olive-green.

No. 124. Port Riofrio, west coast of Patagonia, March 1880.

Iris red: bill horn-colour; legs and feet grey.

3d. Taleahuano, September 1879. Bill black; eyes red; legs

and feet grey.

81. Norwoprocta PERDIcARIA (Kittl.); Scl. & Salv. Nomencl.

Av. Neotr. p. 153.

No. 122. ¢ : Coquimbo, June 1879. Crop full of seeds.

III. REPTILES, BATRACHIANS, and FISHES.

By A. Gtnruer.

(Plates I., IT.)

A few Reprites only were collected, viz. Liodira gravenhorstii at

Talcahuano, and Liolemus nigromaculatus at Coquimbo, also a

specimen of Tachymenis chilenis from the latter locality.

The Barracuians proved to include more novelties :—

1. NANNOPHRYNE vaRrieGaTA (Gthr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870,

p- 401, pl. 30) was collected in several examples on the coast of

Trinidad Channel and at Puerto Bueno.

2. CysTIGNATHUS MACRODACTYLUS, Sp. 0.

Allied to C. dibronit from the Chonos archipelago, but with the

vomerine teeth in two short straight transverse lines immediately

behind the choanze. Head broad and depressed, with shelving sides

and obtusely rounded snout. Eyes of moderate size, equal to their

distance from the nostril. Tympanum small, scarcely half the size

of the eye. Skin of the upper parts smooth, or but little tubercular.

The three outer fingers are long, and, like the toes, truncated at the

tip; the third is the longest, the fourth longer than the second,

which, again, is considerably longer than the first. Two small meta-

tarsal tubercles ; the fifth toe scarcely longer than the third. Upper

and lateral parts mottled with brown; lower parts whitish, in the

male with a few brown spots on the sides of the abdomen. Male

with a large vocal sac, which extends to the sternal region.

: lines

Length of the body . 22 oss... es eee 2 os 15

Width of the cleft of the mouth..,.......... 5

Length of the fore limb ............ Poa ath pe

5 os EMD Saker OL Soie less cs cre a thes 33

55 ast) HELONG DREN ype om sun epysieps yee

% 53. clbnintdelimalpicescies iess.c aise aeetolaye ore 25

om » entire foot, including tarsus.... 12

is as) FOUTEIIEOE Seta ere oloter wece Ween iz

5 3 thirditcoe ooo. 4 Fees he te catere wre 5

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 19

Three specimens, found in pools on the hills, 500 feet above the

sea, at Puerto Bueno.

3. CACOTUS COPPINGERI, Sp. n.

Snout broad, short (as long as the eye) and obtuse, with short

canthus rostralis; loreal region sloping. Vomeriue teeth in two trans-

verse series, very slightly oblique, and commencing from the front

margin of the choane, which are small. Tongue without any notch

behind. Skin smooth. ‘The length of the body equals the distance

between the vent and metatarsal tubercles. Subarticular tubercles

on the fingers and toes small; metatarsus with two small tubercles.

The length of the fourth toe is contained twice and one third in

that of the body ; the third and fifth toes equal in iength. Greenish

olive ; back, to the interorbital space, darker; a narrow dark band

along the canthus rostralis and across the tympanic region ; lower

parts whitish.

A single specimen was obtained at Port Riofrio (west coast of

Patagonia). Body 1% inch long.

4. CAcOTUS CALCARATUS, sp. 0.

Snout. rather short, somewhat longer than the eye, rather pointed,

with distinct canthus rostralis and subvertical loreal region. Vome-

rine teeth indistinct, in two very small groups between the choane,

which are very narrow. Tongue without any notch behind. Skin

smooth ; dorsal region with two linear ridges convergent behind ;

a short cutaneous spur at the heel is connected with the outer

metatarsal tubercle by a low uneven fold of the skin. The length

of the body is less than the distance between vent and metatarsal

tubercles. Subarticular tubercles well developed ; metatarsus with

two small tubercles. The length of the fourth toe is two fifths of

that of the body. Light brownish olive; a brown band from the

eye towards the side of the body ; a few small brown spots on the

loin.

A single specimen, 11 lines long, was obtained in Chiloe by Dr.

Cunningham. In the hope of obtaining another specimen before

describing it, I have allowed this specimen to remain undescribed

up to the present ; but as there is but small prospect of the species

being rediscovered for some time to come, I will not allow the present

opportunity to pass of describing it with its congener from the

mainland.

FisHEs.

1. ScyLL1uM CHILENSE, Guich. Puerto del Morio and Port-

land Bay.

2. PsAmMMoBaATIs RUDIS, Gthr. Trinidad Channel, in 30 fa-

thoms.

3. CALLORHYNCHUS aNTaARcTICUS, Lac. Francisco Bay.

4. Sepasres ocuxatus, C. V. Latitude Cove in 13 fathoms,

and Tom Bay in 15 fathoms. v

2

20 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

5. AGRIopUS PERUVIANUS, C. V. West coast of Patagonia.

6. Exeernus Mactovinus, C. V. Tom Bay, from a brackish

lagoon, and Cockle Cove.

7. Apuritis costo, Gthr. Portland Bay, Magellan’s Straits,

and Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands.

8. CH@NICHTHYS EsOX, Gthr. Puerto Bueno.

9. NoroTHENIA MACROCEPHALA, Gthr. Puerto Bueno and

Trinidad Channel.

10. NororHENIA TESSELLATA, Rich. Puerto del Morio, Latitude

Cove, Puerto Bueno.

11. NoroTHENIA LONGIPES, Steind. Isthmus Bay, in 14 fa-

thoms.

12. NoTrorHENIA CORNUCOLA, Rich. Cockle Cove.

13. TrRacHuURUS TRACHURUS, L. Francisco Bay.

14. NeopurynicutHys Latus, Hutton. (Plate I.)

Of this very interesting fish, which was discovered only a few

years ago by Mr. Hutton in New-Zealand, a specimen 16 inches

long is in the collection. Fortunately, by the kindness of Mr.

Hutton, I am in a position to compare the American specimen with

one obtained on the New-Zealand coast. Structurally they are iden-

tical; only some small tentacles are developed in the American

specimen above the eye and on some parts of the body. The colo-

ration is a blackish brown, marbled with lighter brown and grey.

These differences are not sufficient to indicate specific distinctness.

The specimen was obtained in Swallow Bay (Magellan’s Straits).

15. Lycopes tatirans, Jen. Portland Bay.

16. Maynea pataconica, Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soe.

xxvii. 1871, p. 472. (Plate II. figs. C and D.)

Of this fish a second, much younger specimen was discovered by

Dr. Coppinger at Port Rosario. It is 34 inches long, and marked

by fourteen broad blackish-brown cross bands, of which there is no

trace in the adult specimen. The fact that the same style of colo-

ration obtains in the young stage of Gymnelis pictus (which also

otherwise is so closely allied to Maynea) renders it all but certain that

G. pictus is likewise an Antarctic species. We figure it here side by

side with its nearest allies (Plate II. fig. B.).

Me tanostiema, g. n. Lycodid.

This genus agrees with Gymnelis and Maynea in the absence of

ventral fins, and technically may be distinguished from both by the

much more elongate teeth, which in the jaws, as well as on the vomer

and palatines, stand in a single series. However, there are other

“SOLV'I SAHLHOINAMHAOUN

(ABAING ,J4a]y aU} fo SEUSTY)

“UN, pi] PP ‘Ustequtyy, 3 YW

-durt ‘soig ureqUTpy

"VOINODVIVd VANAVN AO 'SMLOId STISNWAD A ‘WASONILWIED VASISONVTAN'V

(Aaaing Way, 24} JO Se4stA)

“UR % PP Use Y

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 21

striking differences, which will be mentioned in the subsequent de-

scription. The fish is evidently habitually living at a greater depth

than that at which Dr. Coppinger happened to obtain the single

specimen in his collection.

17. MrELANosTIGMA GELATINOSUM. (Plate II. fig. A.)

The whole body is enveloped in a loose delicate skin, like Liparis.

Head large, deep, compressed, with obtuse snout. Hye large, two

sevenths of the length of the head, and longer than the snout. Cleft

of the mouth rather oblique, but the lower jaw does not project be-

yond the upper. Lips not fleshy. Inside of the mouth, gill-openings,

and vent black. ‘The gill-opening is reduced to a very narrow fora-

men above the base of the pectoral fin. The origin of the dorsal

fin and the root of the pectoral are enveloped in the loose skin of

the body. The dorsal fin seems to commence above the middle of

the pectoral, is low at first, but becomes considerably higher pos-

teriorly. Pectoral very narrow, consisting of a few rays only.

Upper parts tinged with a purplish grey; sides marbled with the

same colour, which towards the end of the tail becomes more in-

tense, almost black.

Total length of the specimen 53 inches; distance of the snout

from the gill-opening 4, from the vent 14.

The specimen was obtained on January 15, 1880, at Tilly Bay,

in the Straits of Magellan, in 24 fathoms.

18. HrppoGLossinaA MACROPS, Steindachn. ‘Trinidad Channel.

19. H1pPpoGLOSSINA MICROPS, sp. n.

D. 72. A. 56. V. 1/5. The height of the body is contained twice

and one third in the total length (without caudal), the length of

the head thrice and one half. The eyes are, compared with those of

Hippoglossina macrops, small, equal to the length of the snout, and

two ninths of that of the head; the upper is slightly in advance of

the lower; the space between them is flat, half as wide as the

vertical diameter of the eye, and covered with minute scales. Mouth

wide, the maxillary extending beyond the middle of the orbit. An-

terior curve of the lateral line semicircular. Dorsal fin commencing

above the eye, of moderate height; pectoral fin half the length

of the head ; ventrals well developed, symmetrically placed, greyish,

finely mottled with brown.

A single specimen, 4 inches long, was obtained on the west coast

of Patagonia.

20. GALAXIAS ATTENUATUS, Jen. Puerto Bueno.

21. GALAXIAS COPPINGERI, sp. 0.

D.12. A.17. Body elongate, its depth in front of the dorsal

being one tenth of the total length (without caudal), the length of

the head two ninths. Snout rather broad, with the jaws equal in

length ; cleft of the mouth rather narrow, the maxillary extending

to below the front margin of the orbit. Eye rather large, a little

22 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

shorter than the snout, and two sevenths of the length of the head.

The length of the pectoral fin is one half of the distance of its root

from the ventral, and that of the ventral one half of the distance of

its root from the anal. Caudal fin truncate. Yellowish olive, trunk

marbled with blackish.

One specimen, 3 inches long, from Alert Bay.

22. HAPLOCHITON ZEBRA, Jen. East Bay; freshwaters at Tom

Bay.

23. OPpHICHTHYS DICELLURUS, Rich. Coquimbo.

24. MyxiNneE AUSTRALIS, Jen.

IV. MOLLUSCA ann MOLLUSCOIDA.

By Evear A. Suiru.

(Plates ILI.-V.)

The collection of Mollusca contains several very interesting

species, notably a new Cephalopod (Rossia patagonica), an unde-

scribed Lamellaria, a very beautiful Trochus, and a new genus of

Conchifera, besides several other species either new to science or to

the fauna of Patagonia.

To avoid repetition of the localities in extenso a numbered list of

the various Stations is here appended.

List of Stations.

. Trinidad Channel, 30 fathoms ; bottom sandy.

. Port Rosario, 2-30 fathoms ; bottom, sand and rock.

. Tom Bay, 1-30 fathoms ; bottom, rock, kelp, and mud.

. Van Island, Trinidad Channel ; on rocks in shallow water.

. Portland Bay, St. Andrews Sound, 10 fathoms ; bottom, hard

sand.

6. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms ; bottom, sand.

7. Sandy Point, 9-10 fathoms; bottom, sand.

8. Peckett’s Harbour.

Nos. 1 to 5 are situated on the west of Southern Patagonia, in the

neighbourhood of the island Madre de Dios, and nos. 6, 7 and 8 in

the eastern part of the Straits of Magellan. Other localities men-

tioned are situated in South Patagonia. ;

OPN

I. CepPHALOPODA.

4.9. (gf Rossta paraconica, sp. n. (Plate III. figs. 3, 3a.)

?r>/¥ Animal, viewed dorsally, of a purplish slate-colour. This is com-

posed of avast aggregation of minute irregularly shaped dots set

upon a pale buff ground, which is more apparent upon the fins, as

there the dotting is less dense. Lower or ventral surface of a

reddish-purple color and the dotting more defined than above.

The underside of the head light buff, with only a few large subcir-

PY. - 1881 .PL Te

Mintern Bros. imp.

AH Searle del. et ith.

MOLLUSCA OF ALERT” SURVEY.

P'Z.S 188! PLiv,

————

A.H. Searle delethth Mintern Bros.imp.

MOLLUSCA OF “ALERT SURVEY.

PZ.S.1881.A1V.

i

“AH Searle deletlith. Mantern Bros imp

MOLLUSCA OF ALERT” SURVEY

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S, ‘ALERT.’ 23

cular spots, of the same hue as those on the body. The lower

surface of the fins and the funnel are of a plain buff. The abdomen

or body is in form like a short sack, narrowing and rounded at the

the end, about half as long again as broad. Its margin is produced

to an obtuse point over the back of the neck, which marks the

termination of the horny shell; and on the underside there is a wide

sinuation beneath the siphon.

The fins are moderately large, being to the length of the body

as 5 to 7 ; but the line of junction is somewhat less, for they extend

forward about a line and a half beyond the point of contact. In

form they are irregularly semicircular, and are placed rather far

apart, but yet not absolutely along the side. Their surface, both

above and beneath, exhibits fine striea which radiate from the body.

The head is large, as broad as the body. The eyes are situated

at the sides of the head, and are protected by a thin transparent

panbrane, and the lower margin is probably partly contractile over

the eye.

The arms do not vary much in length ; but the dorsal and ventral

pairs are a trifle shorter than the two lateral pairs. They are

rather slender, and taper to a fine point, scarcely have any interbra-

chial connecting membrane at their base; and between the ventral

pair there is a total absence of it.

The suckers are large, subspherical, raised upon prominences,

connected by exéessively short peduncles, and armed with very small

simple-edged horny rings. They are arranged in two alternating

rows, except upon that which is the right arm of the dorsal pair when

the lower or ventral surface is towards the eye, or the left one when

viewed from above; upon this there are four series at the central

part, but fewer at the base and the extremity; the suckers too are

much smaller than those upon the rest of the brachia, with the

exception of the other dorsal one, upon which they are also equally

small.

The tentacular arms are slender,.twice as long as the others, and

emerge between the ventral and next pair of arms, between which

there is a greater development of connecting membrane than is

found between the other brachia. They are provided at the ends

with numerous crowded cup-like acetabula, raised upon longer foot-

stalks than those connecting the suckers of the other arms. They

are flat-topped, with a raised outer rim and a sunken lid, and the

horny margin of the orifice is minutely dentate. Shell or gladius

very minute.

The measurements are :—Length of body 21 millims., diam. 14 ;

length of fins 14 millims., diam. 8; length of longest arm 17

millims. ; length of tentacular arm 36 millims. ; length from the end

of the body to the base of the ventral pair of arms 27 millims. ; the

same to the base of the dorsal pair 29 millims.; diam. of one of the

largest spherical suckers 14 millim.; diam. of one of the small ones

on the right dorsal arm $ millim.

Hab. Stations 1 and 5.

This is a very remarkable little creature, and at once recognized

24 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

by the peculiarity of one of the arms possessing a double set of

suckers.

Lotico PaTaGonica, sp. n. (Plate III. figs. 2-2 d.)

Body cylindrical, tapering gradually behind, about four times as

long as broad. Upper margin produced to an acute point on the

dorsal side, broadly sinuated beneath. Fins occupying a little less

than half the length of the body, rhomboidal, with the lateral angles

only slightly rounded, joining the body without any superior slit.

Head a little narrower than the body. Of the arms the upper or

dorsal pair are the smallest and shortest, with an acute membranous

inner edge. Second pair rather longer and thicker, having the inner

or upper edge more rounded than the outer, which is acutely carinate.

Third or lower lateral pair largest and longest of all, rounded on

the upperside, and bearing a broad membranous expansion on the

lower edge extending from the tip to the base, where it joins a

similar membrane running up the side of the basal arms. These

are nearly as thick as the preceding but rather shorter, and have a

very acute carinated inner edge. Cupules on the upper and lower

pairs rather smaller than those on the lateral pairs. Horny rings

very oblique, furnished on one side with five or six rather squarely

cut teeth. Buccal membrane produced into seven prominent lobes,

whereof the two subbasal pair are the most conspicuous, within

bearing a few minute suckers upon very long pedicles.

Tentacular arms slender, tapering at the ends. Club but little

expanded, furnished with four rows of cups, whereof the two inner

are vastly larger than the outer; they alternate with each other and

also with the small outer cups, so that the latter on one side are

on the same transverse line as the more remote series of large ones.

The length of the club is about five twelfths of the entire length of

the tentacle. The horny ring has about from twenty to twenty-four

blunt teeth.

The colour of the two specimens is purplish buff, varied with

numerous close-set, generally ovate, largish spots of a purple tint, and

of different sizes, upon the back, the sides, and crown of the head.

Ventral surface and beneath the fins destitute of spotting.

Shell pennate ; shaft thin, roundly keeled exteriorly and grooved

on the opposite side; expanded portion or vane rather broad,

equalling in this respect rather less than one sixth of the length.

Dimensions. Length of body 62 millims., width 14; fins 27

long and 30 in diameter across the back from one lateral angle to

the other ; tentacles 38 long; longest arm 27.

Hab. Alert Harbour, Trinidad Channel, west coast of Patagonia.

Only one species of this genus has been hitherto recorded trom

the west coast of the South-American continent, namely Loligo

gahi, found on the Chilian coast. In that species the fins are

considerably shorter in proportion to the length of the body, join

the back nearer the centre, and have rounded upper and lateral

angles. The arms, too, offer certain differences; and the number of

teeth on the horny rings of the larger cups on the tentacular club is

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 25

greater in L. gahi, and their form, judging from the figure of them,

more acute.

The form and attachment of the fins to the back are very similar

in L. brasiliensis and L. patagonica. The former, however, is a

broader species, has a differently shaped shell, and several other

differences.

ONYCHOTEUTHIS INGENS, sp. n. (Plate III. figs. 1-1 d.)

Hab. Port Riofrio, west coast of Patagonia.

The head only of a species of this genus was sent by Dr. Cop-

pinger. It differs in certain particulars from the known species, and

is especially interesting on account of its great size.

Description. Of the arms, the upper or dorsal pair are most

slender and the shortest, the two lateral pairs about equal in thick-

ness, the upper pair having a slight advantage in length, in this

respect agreeing with the lower or ventral pair, which, however, are

a trifle broader at the base than any. The latter arms have a re-

markably broad and almost flat outer surface, and are roundly angled

at the margins; the sides are flattened and converge, so that the

innerside, likewise flat, becomes but little broader than half the out-

side; the outer margin is provided with a broad membranous ex-

pansion, which apparently extends to the extremity of the arm: it

is widest at the base, where it connects the adjoining arm, gradually

narrowing towards the tip. Lower lateral pair also furnished with a

membrane on the upperside, which, however, is very much the broad-

est near the middle of the arm. The upper lateral pair are provided

with a membrane on the lower side ; but it is very narrow; and the

dorsal pair are destitute of any. ‘The suckers are arranged in two

alternating series, commencing a short distance (about an inch) from

the base of the arms. They are subspherical, shortly pedunculated,

provided with simple-edged horny rings, largest towards the middle

of the arms and gradually diminishing towards the tip, those upon

the ventral pair being a trifle smaller than those upon the other arms,

and the largest upon the lower lateral pair.

Tentacular arms are in length with respect to the sessile arms as

5 to 3. They are compressedly rounded, thickish, equalling in the

greatest diameter the basal arms ; they narrow very gradually towards

the extremity, with the terminal club scarcely at all widened and

occupying just one fifth of the entire length of the arm. Along one

side from the base to the end runs a very small membrane. The

extremity of the club is much compressed. The hooks are in two

alternating series of fourteen each, those of one row being decidedly

larger than those of the other, especially the fifth to the tenth hooks,

which are very formidable. The cups of the carpal group are ten in

number, with about eleven interjacent tubercles, the whole occupying

a surface of an elongate-oval form. The cups of the terminal group

are thirteen or fourteen in number, and contiguous to one another,

and all open, with horny rings.

The horny mandibles are black, the upper one considerably the

longer, narrower, and more hooked.

26 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

The odontophore consists of sixty-two rows of teeth, each row

composed of a transverse series of seven. The central tooth is the

largest, having a large acutish central prong and a small subbasal

one on each side. The next tooth on either side is considerably

smaller, with an acute central fang, and a smaller somewhat hooked

one on the outside, and none on the inner. The two outer teeth are

long, simple, curved and acute, the outermost having a slight sinu-

ation in the outer curved edge.

The colour of the specimen as preserved in spirit is brownish

purple, slightly paler on the inner surface of the arms. The minute

dotting so general in this order of Mollusca is scarcely observable in

the head before me.

Dimensions. Length of tentacles 450 millims., of ventral arms 270.

Affinities and Differences. At present only a single species has been

described from the Patagonian region. This is the Onychoteuthis

fusiformis of Gabb', “said to have been caught off Cape Horn.”

This is a very small animal in comparison with that here described,

and, judging from the description, is a distinct species, and not the

young form of that now described. The formula of the relative

length of the arms is different ; and in O. fusiformis the lowermost

or ventral pair of arms are destitute of a marginal membrane,

whilst in O. ingens this feature is strongly developed. The cupules

are described by Gabb as being ‘‘arranged in a double series,

without being either in pairs, nor yet alternating;” on the contrary,

in the present species they are most regularly alternating. The

tentacles have a different proportional length in relation to the

club at the end, in the one form (O. fusiformis) being as 3 to 1,

in the other as 5 to 1. Besides these distinctions, there are pro-

bably others, in the number of hooks on the club, the number of

the cups at the extremity of it, the presence of tubercula between the

cupules of the carpal group, and in the odontophore, all of which are

passed over in the description of the Cape-Horn species.

The well known O. banksii is also a smaller animal, with compressed

lower lateral arms. The formula of relative length is different, the

number of hooks on the club smaller, and the cupules of the carpal

group fewer ; those on the arms, too, differ in form; and the odon-

tophore offers certain distinctions.

II. GASTROPODA.

a. Marine.

PLEUROTOMA, Sp. inc.

Hab. Wolsey anchorage, 17 fathoms, brought up on the anchor.

A single dead specimen of a very interesting form. It apparently

belongs to the typical group of the genus, with the slit in the middle

of the lip. The apex, consisting of one whorl and a half, is large

for the size of the shell, and globose. The rest of the whorls have a

strong beaded keel round the middle, and a smaller and less distinctly

1 Proc. Californian Acad. Nat. Sci. 1862, p. 171.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.-S. ‘ALERT.’ 27

beaded one just beneath the suture. ‘The last whorl has two pro-

minent simple keels round the middle, and indications of one or two

below. The canal is short, and the columella tortuous. The colour

is probably faded. In its present condition the shell is white, with

the exception of the keel at the suture, which has traces of a pale

lurid hue. It is 10 millims.tin length ; but it is questionable if that is

the ultimate dimension to which it would attain.

Pievrotoma (BELA) CUNNINGHAMI, sp.n. (Plate IV. fig. 1.)

Shell ovately fusiform, turreted, purple brown with pale coste.

Whorls 6-7 ; the two apical rather large, smooth, rounded ; the

rest concavely sloping above, curved slightly at the sides, and con-

tracted at the base, strongly plicate and minutely spirally striated.

Plicze or costz about twelve in number, nearly obsolete at the upper

part and not reaching the suture; those on the last whorl attenuate

inferiorly and disappear at a shallow furrow around the base; beneath

the sulcus is an oblique raised ridge. Aperture oblong, dark purplish

brown, occupying about two fifths of the entire length. Columella

suberect, rounded, whitish, callous. Sinus distinct, but not deep,

situate on the concavity at the top of the labrum. The latter is

minutely crenate by the exterior fine striz. The basal canal is short,

wide, and pale at the extreme margin. Length 10 millims., diam. 4,

aperture 4 long, 13 wide.

Operculum elongate pyriform; nucleus terminal.

Hab. Puerto Bueno, 2 to 7 fathoms, rocky bottom, and Station 2.

Some worn specimens of this species were obtained by Dr. Cunning-

ham during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Nassau ;’ and it is with his name

that I feel much pleasure in associating this interesting form. Those

collected by Dr. Coppinger are in good condition, and exhibit a well

defined superior sinus, which is decidedly deeper than in the boreal

types of the Bela group of Pleurotoma.

Pireuvroroma (MANGELIA?) COPPINGERI, sp. n. (Plate IV.

fig. 2.)

Shell small, elongate, subfusiform, dark purplish brown, paler at

the apex. Whorls 63, divided by a deep suture; the first one and

a half forming the nucleus, large, semiglobose, smooth; the rest

slightly convex and longitudinally ribbed. Costze stout, broader

than the interstices, suberect, a little arcuated; those on the body

whorl become obsolete a trifle below the middle, whence downward

the whorl is transversely finely striated, the strie at the extremity

being closer together than those above. Aperture small, ovate,

occupying about one third of the entire length. Columella arcuate,

covered with a thin callosity. Labrum thickened, with a very faint

sinus a little below the suture. Basal channel short, distinct, ob-

lique. Length 63 millims., diam. 23.

Hab, Wolsey anchorage, 17 fathoms, mud and gravel bottom.

Only a single specimen was obtained, which hardly presents the

character of the sinus in the labrum satisfactorily.

28 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

LACHESIS MERIDIONALIS, sp.n. (Plate IV. fig. 3.)

Shell small, whitish, cancellated, turreted. Whorls 6; two apical

very large, smooth, convex; the rest also convex, longitudinally

ribbed and transversely lirate. Costee subequal to the interstices,

about thirteen on a whorl, finer at the upper end than beneath,

where they become almost obsolete. Spiral lire four in number—

one around the lower part of the whorls, bordering the narrow deep

suture, and scarcely at all affected by the longitudinal costz ; the

three others, of which the two lower are much the more conspicuous

and coarsely tuberculous upon the ribs, are situated upon the convex

portion of the volutions. Last whorl considerably contracted below

the middle, encircled by nine transverse ridges, whereof the four

upper correspond to those upon the other whorls, the five lower

being simple, non-tuberculous, and finer. Aperture small. Colu-

mella obliquely arcuate, roundly subtruncate at the base. Canal

short, oblique, feebly recurved. Length 4} millims., diam. 13,

aperture 17 long.

Hab. Boija Bay, Straits of Magellan, 20 fathoms, on a bottom

composed of dead shells and stones.

This species is remarkable for the large smooth nuclear whorls,

the convexity and coarse cancellation of those which follow, its

narrow form, and the small size of the aperture; the increase in

the width of the volutions is very gradual.

TROPHON GEVERSIANUS, Pallas.

Hab. Stations 6 and 7.

One specimen from Elizabeth Island is very interesting, as showing

the great variation to which this species is subject. It is nearly

smooth, displaying no indication of cancellation, and exhibiting only

faint transverse grooving.

TROPHON LACINIATUS, Martyn.

Hab. Stations 1, 2, 7; also Cockle Cove, 2-32 fathoms.

TROPHON Crispus, Couthouy.

Hab, Station 7 and Puerto Bueno, 2—7 fathoms, rocky bottom.

TROPHON MURICIFORMIS, King.

Hab. Stations 2, 3, and 7; also Puerto Bueno, 2-7 fathoms,

bottom rocky.

This species has been described under the names Fusus liratus,

Couthouy, F. corrugatus, Reeve, and F. albidus, Philippi; all of

these, however, are subsequent to King’s description in the ‘ Zoolo-

gical Journal’ for 1830.

TROPHON FIMBRIATUS, Hupé. (Plate IV. fig. 4.)

Fusus fimbriatus, Hupé, Gay’s Hist. de Chile, vol. viii. p. 165,

Atlas, pl. 4. figs. 7-7 6.

Shell fusiform, white. _Whorls probably about 8, obliquely

sloping above, and rounded somewhat at the lower part, longitu-

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 29

dinally plicated, spirally ridged, and everywhere ornamented very

beautifully with very numerous close raised lamellze or lines of growth.

The longitudinal folds or coste are oblique, attenuated above, and

rapidly widening inferiorly ; they number 9-10 on the penultimate,

and about one more on the last whorl, on which, a little below the

middle, they become obsolete. The spiral lire are for the most part of

about equal thickness, and vary in number from about 7 to 9 on the

upper volutions, and from 16 to 20 on the last; the one at the extremity,

which, as it were, forms the cauda, is twice or thrice as thick as the

rest. Aperture ovate, white, together with the canal occupying

rather more than half the entire Jength. Columella arcuate above,

and of a pale greenish tint. Labrum frilled at the margin. Canal

oblique, recurved, rather shorter than the aperture. Length 30

millims., diam. 12 ; aperture and canal 16 long and 6 wide.

Another specimen is 26 millims. long, 11 broad; and its aperture

with the canal has a length of 16 millims., and a width of 6.

Operculum brownish yellow, somewhat ovate, not acute at the

nuclear end.

Hab. Station 6.

This is a very beautiful species on account of the charming nature

of the sculpture, in which respect it resembles 7’. crispus of Couthouy,

which, however, is easily distinguished by the very different form

of the whorls. The figure in Gay’s work represents the cost

narrower and more sharply defined than in the specimens which I

identify with this species.

EvurTseia ATRATA, sp.n. (Plate IV. fig. 5.)

Shell ovately fusiform, purplish black. Whorls 7-8; nuclear

ones rather large, smooth ; the rest convex, with a slight depression

at the upper part, longitudinally strongly ribbed and finely spirally

striated. Costee narrow beneath the suture, and vanishing on the

last whorl a little below the middle. Aperture less than half the

shell in length, ovate, continued beneath into a short, narrowish,

oblique deep canal, of the same colour as the exterior. Labrum

arcuate, thickened by the last rib, with a small tubercle at the com-

mencement of the canal. Columella covered with a thin enamel,

which is whitish inferiorly, arched in the middle. Length 16 mil-

lims., diam. 7 ; aperture 7 long, 3 wide.

Haé. Station 5 and Puerto Bueno, 2-7 fathoms, bottom rocky ;

also Boija Bay, 20 fathoms, on a stony and shelly bottom.

The principal characteristic of this species is the intensity of the

purplish-black colouring. Four of the specimens have furnished

resting places for a small Hermit-crab.

EUTHRIA MERIDIONALIS, sp.n. (Plate IV. fig. 6.)

Shell fusiformly ovate, small, brown, pale at the apex. Whorls

6; apical one smooth, whitish, convex; the rest only slightly

convex, longitudinally costate, and transversely sulcate. Suture

searcely oblique, rather deep. Costz a little slanting, somewhat

arcuate, about 14 on the last whorl, which do not attain quite to the

30 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING {Jan. 4,

lower extremity. Sulci narrow, rather deep, cutting through the

costze, not nearly as broad as the interstices, 4 to 5 in number on

the upper whorls, and about 18 on the last, whereof those around

the extremity are finest and closest together. Aperture elongate-

ovate, produced beneath into a short, oblique, recurved canal, and

equalling about two fifths of the whole length of the shell. Labrum

simple, thickened exteriorly by the last rib. Columella covered with

a thin, smooth, whitish callosity, arcuate at the middle. Length 9

millims., diam. 31, aperture nearly 4 long and 13 broad.

Hab. Stations 5 and 7.

There are but two examples of this little species, one not quite

mature, and the other at some time inhabited by a Paguroid crusta-

cean. ‘The latter circumstance may to some extent have caused the

absorption of any liree or denticules within the labrum, if such ever

existed. The first sulcus beneath the suture cuts off the tops of the

cost, which consequently present the appearance of squarish nodules.

Nassa (TriTIA) COPPINGERI, sp. n. (Plate IV. fig. 7.)

Shell ovate, whitish, with a broad purplish-brown band at the top

of the whorls, and two others on the last, the upper one around the

middle, and the other somewhat below. Whaorls 6, a little convex,

narrowly tabulated above, with a granulous clathrated sculpture ;

this consists of longitudinal and transverse ridges: the former are

not quite so distinct as the latter, are nodulous at the points of

contact, about 18 in number on the penultimate whorl, and

about 24 on the last, those near the labrum being closer to-

gether than the rest. The spiral ridges are flattened at the top,

with the edges sharply defined by the intervening grooves ; they are

four in number on the upper whorls, and seven on the last ; below

the seventh the whorl has a rather broad deep sulcation, beneath

which comes the raised ridge common to the genus. Aperture

nearly half the length of the shell, bluish white, exhibiting the ex-

ternal banding. Columella very arcuate in the middle, covered with

a thin white callosity, which projects rather prominently into the

aperture towards the base. Labrum not thickened exteriorly, armed

within with five lire. Length 133 millims., diam. 7, aperture 64

long and 31 broad.

Operculum triangularly subcircular, with a few minute serrations

on the inner margin towards the nucleus.

Hab. Station 3.

Only one specimen of this species was collected. It is remark-

able for its coarsely granular surface and the stoutness of the spire.

? Nassa ( ?) THNIOLATA, Philippi. (Plate IV. fig. 8.)

Buccinum teniolatum, Phil. Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 1845,

p- 69 ; Gay’s Chile, vol. viii. p. 207, Atlas, pl. 4. figs. 9-9 6.

Hab. Stations 2 and 3; ‘‘Chonos Is.” (Philippi).

There are seven specimens, all immature, which may possibly be

the young of this species. They do not, however, present six trans-

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 3]

verse ridges, but only five, on the upper whorls; they are only

slightly rounded, become nodulous on crossing the longitudinal

coste, and are very finely striated in a spiral or transverse direction.

The largest example is only 11 millims. long, whilst that described

by Philippi had a length of 163.

Monoceros caucar, Martyn.

Hab. Station 1; and Francisco Bay, shallow water.

CoNCHOLEPAS PERUVIANA, Lamarck.

Hab. Station 4.

RANELLA VEXILLUM, Sowerby.

Synon. Triton ranelliformis, King, = Ranella kingii, D’Orbigny,

perhaps = R. tumida, Dunker, and Bursa (Apollon) proditor,

Frauenfeld.

Hab. Tom Bay and Trinidad Channel.

Dunker’s R. tumida was described from specimens from New

Zealand. I have compared series from that country, received from

different sources, with several specimens from Patagonia and Chili.

The result at present is, that I cannot detect any substantial diffe-

rence between the two local forms. This is very remarkable, as I

am not aware of any other mollusk having been shown to be com-

mon to these two localities. The variety (proditor) from St. Paul’s

Island, in the Indian Ocean, is also very closely related to, if not

conspecific with, the South-American shell; but the form is a little

narrower, and the penultimate whorl is conspicuously broad.

PRIENE MAGELLANICA, Chemnitz.

Triton cancellatum, Lamarck.

Hab. Puerto Bueno, Trinidad Channel, Tom Bay, and Portland

Bay.

This species is included in the list of Japanese Fuside given by

A. Adams in the ‘Journal’ of the Linn. Soc. 1864, vol. vii. p. 106.

Reeve also states that it is found at Kamtschatka; and Carpenter

observes (Suppl. Report Moll. West Coast N. A., from the Report

Brit. Assoc. 1863, p. 534) that ‘‘ P. cancellata is the Cape-Horn

species. Some specimens in alcohol in Sir EK. Belcher’s collection,

however, said to be from Icy Cape, greatly resemble the southern

shell.”’ If, indeed, this species inhabits such remote parts of the

globe as Japan and the Straits of Magellan, it is most unaccountable.

The operculum is ovate, with an almost terminal nucleus; and

the internal scar has a subcentral nucleus, with concentric lines of

growth placed obliquely across the surface. The outer marginal

thickening is moderately broad.

I think that the Chemnitzian name magellanica must be retained

for this species. It has priority over the Murex magellanicus of

Gmelin, which is the Trophon geversianus of Pallas ; and it appears

to me that Lamarck very unnecessarily substituted a fresh name

(Triton cancellatum) for this species. Besides, Gmelin had already

32 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4

employed that name for what appears to be a species of Triton,

judging from the figure cited in Knorr’s ‘Vergniigen,’ vol. ii.

a7 IES:

Ceriturum (Birrium) caLatum, Couthouy.

Hab. Boija Bay, 20 fathoms (Coppinger); ‘‘ Orange Harbour,

Terra del Fuego” (Couthouy).

Of the three series of granules encircling the whorls, the upper-

most is the finest, and the lowermost the coarsest.

This species is figured in the Atlas to Wilkes’s Exploring Expedi-

tion (figs. 174-174 d).

Trocuita (CLYPEOLA) CORRUGATA, Reeve.

Hab. Stations 6 and 7.

To this species probably belong Trochus pileus, Lamarck, Tro-

chatella pileolus, d’Orbigny, and Calyptrea costellata, Philippi.

CREPIPATELLA DILATATA, Lamarck.

Hab. Station 5.

These specimens differ from those found more north in being

entirely destitute of colour, like C. pallida, Broderip ; but in other

respects there appears to be no difference. :

LAMELLARIA PATAGONICA, sp. n. (Plate IV. figs. 9, 9a, 9 0.)

Peronia, sp., Cunningham, Nat. Hist. Straits of Magellan, 1871,

plate before p. 75, fig. 1, and p. 449 ; id. Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xxvii.

p- 484, pl. 58, figs. 4 a—d.

‘*Mantle of a dirty yellow colour, marked with lines and blotches

of light vandyke-brown, and its undersurface around the foot was

marked with light-coloured strie’’’. Animal high, convex, ex-

hibiting to some extent the form of the shell, owing to the thinness

of the mantle which envelops it. Foot somewhat truncate in front,

gradually tapering towards the other end, which is rounded. Ten-

tacles shortish. Eyes apparently sessile, situated at the outer bases

. of the tentacles. The teeth on the lingual ribbon in three series :

the central with two equal diverging shanks, joined at the apex,

which is recurved, with a small tooth on the middle of the cutting-

edge and still smaller ones on each side; the lateral teeth are

acute at the tip, recurved, very finely serrate on the outer side,

the serration being restricted to the central portion, also with an

inner lateral prominence separated in part from the tooth by a

sutural line, more strongly serrated than the outer edge, the den-

ticles being apparently seven in number.

From his description it will be seen that the character of the odon-

tophore is very similar to that of L. producta (Troschel, ‘ Gebiss

der Schnecken,’ i. pl. xvi. fig. 4); but the shanks of the median

tooth are not unequal, and the lateral teeth are more hooked at the

tips. The horny oral process is composed of two pieces, very similar

to those of L. perspicua (Troschel, /. c. fig. 1) ; it is nearly black at

1 Dr. Cunningham’s description from the live animal.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 33

the narrow end, and is 23 millims. in length and 2 broad; the

portion inserted in the tissue is larger than the exposed part, the line

of demarcation being well defined ; the exposed tip exhibits parallel

lines of growth.

Shell large, very fragile, globose, transparent hyaline, with a slight

milky cloudiness, exhibiting very fine strize of growth. Whorls 33,

very convex, and rapidly enlarging, separated by a deep suture.

Spire moderately raised. Aperture exceedingly large, wider than

long, oblique. Columella very arcuate, visibly perspectively spiral

to the apex, coated with an excessively thin callosity. Greatest

diam. 25 millims., height (when resting upon the front of the body-

whorl and the basal margin of the aperture) 13 ; aperture 173 wide,

153 long.

Hab. Station 1; Shell Bay (Cunningham).

There are two species of Lamellaria mentioned by H. & A. Adams

(Gen. Rec. Moll. i. p. 201) of which I can find no published de-

scriptions. They are Z. antarctica, Couthouy, and L. pretenuis of

the same author, either of which names would be very applicable to

the species now described.

’ Dr. Cunningham says:—The animal possessed the power of

shortening and elongating the tentacles. At times it crawled along

the sides of the glass, filled with sea-water, in which it was kept, on

its large muscular foot, the shape of which underwent constant

changes ; and at others it floated on the surface of the water, with the

foot uppermost.”

CoLLONIA CUNNINGHAM], sp. n. (Plate IV. figs. 10, 10 a.)

Shell small, subglobose, perforate in the young state, when adult

imperforate, of a rose-madder colour. Whorls 43; apical one

whitish, the rest convex and finely spirally striated, also marked with

faint oblique lines of growth. Suture rather deep. Last whorl ob-

liquely descending near the lip, somewhat flattened beneath near the

centre. Aperture obliquely subcircular, iridescent within. Colu-

mella pearly, spread over the umbilicus. Labrum with a narrow

pinkish margin within. Height 43 millims., greatest diam. 5, smallest

diam. 44.

Opereulum circular, consisting of six whorls, which are most

easily seen on the inner suface. The outside is somewhat thickened

by a shelly deposit.

Hab. Stations 5 and 2, and Wolsey anchorage, 17 fathoms, mud

and gravel bottom.

Named after Dr. R. O. Cunningham, whose labours on the

Patagonian fauna are well known and highly appreciated.

Trocuvus (PHOTINULA) CHRULESCENS, King.

Hab. Stations 6 and 7.

Trocuvus (PHoTINULA) vioLAcEvs, King,

Hab. Stations 2, 5, 6, 7, and Puerto Bueno, 2=7 fms.

Proc. Zoo~. Soc.—1881, No. III. 3

34 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

Trocuus (CHLOROSTOMA) ATER, Lesson.

Hab. Station 4.

Trocuus (CHLOROSTOMA), Sp., jun.

Hab. Station 2. ;

Three specimens, apparently immature, are closely allied to 7.

luctuosus, @’Orb., = T'. bicarinatus, Pot. & Mich.

Trocuvus (Z1zirpHINUS) CONSIMILIS, sp.n. (Plate IV. fig. 11.)

Shell pyramidal, of a very pretty purplish lilac colour, encircled

with pale transverse ridges. Whorls 7; the nuclear one rounded,

white; the rest flat, with three to four strong spiral lire, whereof

the uppermost, or the two uppermost, are more or less granulous.

The interstices are smooth, with the exception of oblique lines of

growth. Suture marked by a thread-like keel. Last whorl acutely

angled below the middle, with a flattish base, which has two or three

sulci near the angle, and two white or pale lilac liree encircling the

umbilical region. Aperture somewhat obliquely quadrangular ;

columella pearly, margined with a white callosity. Height 11 millims.,

greatest diam. of base 9, smallest 8.

Hab. Station 5; and Cockle Cove, between tide-marks.

A very pretty species, easily recognized by its colour and sculp-

ture, and recalling to some extent the northern 7’, alabastrum, Beck.

SIPHONARIA LESKONI, jun.

Hab. Station 3.

FissuRELLA PictTa, Gmelin.

Hab. Stations 3 and 5.

FisSURELLA, ALBA, Philippi.

Hab. Station 7.

DENTALIUM, sp.

Hab. Station 5.

I am not aware of any species of Dentalium having been recorded

from this region. The single shell obtained is a dead specimen, quite

straight, very slowly enlarging, and exhibiting only lines of imere-

ment and no longitudinal stiiz. It has a length of 29 millims., and

is 2 in diameter at the oral orifice.

ParEeLia (NACELLA) MYTILINA, Gmelin.

Hab. Tom Bay, on rocks at low water.

This variable species was also collected at Kerguelen Island ; and

in a paper in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions,’ upon the Mollusca

collected during the Transit-of-Venus Expedition to that region,

I have given comparative remarks upon the different varieties which

have been described as distinct species.

PATELLA (PATINELLA) NEA, Martyn.

Haé. Trinidad Channel, on rocks.

i ate eel

——

antl

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ALERT.’ 35

Tecrura (Pitipium) coppinGERt, sp. n. (Plate IV. figs. 12,

12a.)

Shell cap-shaped, thin, sculptured with numerous fine, thread-like,

granulous lire radiating from the apex to the margin, and with fine

concentric lines of growth. The colour is dirty white, varied with

two or three bands of a pale slate-colour which encircle the shell at

irregular intervals, and are interrupted by the radiating lire, which

are white. This feature is more apparent within the shell, where the

surface is very smooth and shining. Margin nearly simple, very

faintly crenulated by the extremities of the ridges, roundly ovate in

form. Apex rather acute, not greatly curved down, and very near

the anterior end. Length 54 millims., diam. 41, height 23.

Hab. Station 7.

This is the southern representative of the northern Tectura

(Pilidium) fulva of Miiller. It is rather more circular than the latter ;

and the colour of the single specimen at hand is different.

CuiTon Bowenu, King.

Hab. Cockle Cove, 2~32 fathoms., mud bottom:

Cuiton (CALLocHiTon) ILLUMINATUS, Gray.

Hab. Station 6.

Cuiton (PLAxrPHoRA) CARMICHAELIS, Gray.

Hab. Stations 3 and 6.

Cuiron (Tonicra) rasticiatus, Gray.

Hab. Tom Bay, on the shore.

Curron (IscoNocuiron) imiTaToR, sp. n. (Plate IV. figs.

13=13e.)

Shell elongate ovate, moderately elevated, subangularly arched at

the middle, dirty white. Valves narrow, with a single notch on each

side, exhibiting small slightly raised lateral areas, which towards the

margin have a few transverse strong grooves or marks of growth.

Front margin sloping very slightly on each side from the middle in

a posterior direction; hind margin straight. Sculpture consisting

of close flat granulation, exhibiting a somewhat serial arrangement.

Laminz of insertion very thin, with a wide sinus between them.

Anterior valve sculptured like the others, with fourteen fissures

within, the thirteen teeth between them being sharp and straight-

edged. Posterior valve with a central mucro, from which there is a

faint ridge on each side to the lateral extremity, also marked with

concentric lines of growth at intervals, and with the inner marginal

fissures twelve in number. Scales of the mantle minute, imbricating,

ovate, arranged lengthways; under the microscope they appear

avery coarsely transversely grooved. Length 11 millims., diam. of

fourth valve 5.

Hab. Tom Bay, on the shore. =

This species is very like the northern C, aldus; and C. viridulus of

36 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

Couthouy appears to be another closely allied species; but in each

instance there are differences in detail of sculpture which may separate

the three forms.

Doris, sp.

Hab. Port Bermejo, at the southern end of Madré Island, W.

coast of Patagonia.

A single specimen was obtained by Dr. Coppinger. It closely

resembles the British D. tuberculata, a species already recorded

from Kerguelen’s Land.

b. Terrestrial.

Heuix (Parva) coppincent, sp.n. (Plate IV. figs. 14, 14a.)

Shell minute, discoid, umbilicated, pale luteous. Spire scarcely

raised above the last whorl. Suture deep. Whorls 33, slowly

enlarging, ornamented with most delicate slender and close-set cos-

telize or raised lines of growth, and with very numerous fine spiral

elevated lines between the costelle, visible only under the micro-

scope. Umbilicus moderately small, equalling about 4 of the basal

diameter. Aperture lunate; lip simple. Greatest diam. 13 millim.,

height 1.

Hab. Tom Bay, found on a rotten tree.

This minute species is remarkable for the fine riblets and the

beautiful spiral sculpture, the latter being vastly finer than the

former.

Hewrx (PATuLa) MAGELLANICA, sp.n. (Plate IV. figs. 15-156.)

This species resembles the preceding in general aspect. The colour

is the same; but the whorls increase more rapidly, and are only 23

in number. The longitudinal riblets are excessively slender, and

both finer and more numerous than in H. coppingeri. This species

also is without spiral sculpture. Umbilicus rather more open, and

the body-whorl beneath narrower than in that species ; but above it

is broader. Suture the same. Aperture a trifle larger. Diam. 12

millim., height 1.

Hab. With the preceding.

H. lyrata, Couthouy, from Tierra del Fuego, apparently belongs

to the same group, and is closely related.

Hexix (Zonites ?) ORDINARIA, sp.n. (Plate IV. figs. 16, 16a.)

Shell small, umbilicated, thin, glossy, discoid, transparent. Whorls

33, convex, margined at the suture, rather slowly enlarging, faintly

striated by the lines of growth. The margination of the whorls

forms a distinct channel at the suture. Spire depressed, scarcely _

raised above the last whorl, which is rounded at the periphery. Um-

bilicus rather open, exhibiting two of the upper volutions. Aperture

large, lunate. Peristome thin, simple, a little reflexed at the

umbilicus. Greatest diam. 3 millims., height 14.

Hab. Tom Bay, attached to the frond of a fern.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT. 37

Apparently distinct, although a near relation to H. savatilis

of Couthouy, from Tierra del Fuego.

SuccINEA PATAGONICA, sp. n. (Plate IV. figs. 17, 17a.)

Shell ovate, somewhat ventricose, greenish yellow, with the apex

light scarlet. Whorls 3, very convex ; the last somewhat elongated,

striated by the lines of growth, and separated by a deepish suture.

Mouth ovate, equalling rather more than two thirds of the entire

length. Columellar margin obliquely arcuate, with a thinly reflexed

enamel extending to the termination of the outer margin. Length

122 millims., diam. from lip to opposite side of the whorl 8, aper-

ture 9 long and 6 broad. Another specimen is 9 millims. long, 63

broad, and its aperture has a length of 63 and a width of 5.

Hab. Cockle Cove, found on dead leaves; also shores of ‘I'rinidad

Channel and Puerto Bueno.

This species is mainly distinguished from 8, magellanica of Gould

by its scarlet apical whorl, the second or penultimate being rather

less shouldered; and the suture, too, is scarcely as deep.

ce. Fluviatile.

CHILINA AM@NA, sp.n. (Plate IV. figs. 18, 18a.)

Shell very fragile, ovate, acute above, greenish yellow, with trans-

verse bands of dark reddish brown, more or less arrow-head-shaped

spots or marks, which sometimes flow into one another from band to

band, thus forming longitudinal zigzag streaks. Of these series of

spots the body-whorl has five—one immediately beneath the suture,

and the others at subequal distances ; that which is a little above the

middle of the whorl and runs into the suture of the penultimate whorl

is, inthe eight specimens before me, narrower than the bands imme-

diately above and beneath it. The whorls are well rounded, about six

in number, and striated with the lines of growth. Aperture inversely

subauriform, coated with a thin bluish-white enamel, but exhibiting

the exterior banding, and, as a rule, occupying about 3 of the entire

length of the shell. Columella a little oblique and arcuate, with a

single fold at the upper part, white, somewhat reflexed beneath

the fold, and with a thin callosity above it. Length 26 millims.,

diam. 11, aperture 144 long and 6 broad.

Hab. From a lake near Tom Bay.

The spire in this species is quite as long as in C. parchappi,

d’Orbigny, from which species it differs in the brightness and distinct-

ness of coloration, the greater convexity and shouldering of the

whorls, and the different character of the columella. C. pulchra,

@’Orb., is more like in colour; but its form is much more stumpy,

and the columella and the fold upon it are considerably thicker and

heavier than in the present species.

Ill. CoNCHIFERA.

VENUS, sp., jun.

Hab. Station 2. f

Of this species there are two specimens, which apparently are im-

38 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

mature. They are of a rounded, somewhat triangular form, radiately

finely striated, and with a few concentric raised lamelle.

VENUS, Sp., jun.

Hab, Station 2.

Another apparently young form, a little broader than the prece-

ding, without the radiating striee, and more inequilateral. Both are

white.

CHIONE Gayl, Hupé.

Venus gayi, Hupé, Gay’s Historia de Chile, vol. viii. p. 337,

Atlas, pl. 6. f. 5 a-e.

Shell trigonally ovate, thickish, a little inequilateral, light brown,

rather coarsely concentrically sulcate, and under the lens most

minutely radiately striate. Valves moderately convex, white within,

very finely crenulated all round the margin, except on the ligamentai

slope. Teeth in right valve three, central and posterior one bifid and

subequal; in left valve three, central one bifid and the largest.

Anterior muscular scar elongate, truncated at the upper end;

posterior shorter, pyriform. Pallial sinus moderate. Lunule

elongate-cordate, defined by deeply incised lines. Diam. 20 millims.,

length 163, thickness 10.

Hab. Station 5; and Boija Bay, 20 fms., on a shelly and stony

bottom.

There are four specimens of this simple species, which is consider-

ably like C. mesodesma of Quoy and Gaimard.

In d’Orbigny’s collection there are two specimens of this species

marked, in his own handwriting, “‘ V. modesta, Callao, Pérou.”

These, no doubt, are those which he mentions in the ‘ Voyage dans

YAmérique méridionale,’ vol. v. p. 563, under the name of VY.

cumingii. Having compared them with the type of modesta, Sowerby,

for which he substitutes the preceding name, they prove to be totally

distinct in form, colour, and sculpture. They exhibit one slight

difference from those obtained by Dr. Coppinger. The lunule is

brownish red, and on the ligamental slope there are a few irregular

angular lines.

CHIONE, sp., jun.

Hab. Station 2.

Only a single specimen is in the collection. Itis of a transversely

oval form, rather strongly concentrically suleated, whitish, with a

purplish stain posterior to the umbo, which is rather excentric.

DipLoponTA LAMELLATA, sp.n. (Plate V. figs. I-Ie.)

Shell thin, white, transverse, rounded anteriorly, and curvedly

truncate behind, exhibiting an obtuse dorsal angle. Valves

sculptured with concentric fine raised lamella, which are by degrees

further apart as they approach the margin; between these very

feeble lines of growth are to be seen; near the posterior end there

is a slightly depressed portion of the valves. Umbones prominent,

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 39

acute. Lunule narrow. Ligamental area lanceolate, twice as long

as the ligament. Hinge with two teeth in each valve, whereof the

anterior in the right valve and the posterior in the left are bifid,

Anterior scar narrow, elongate, running some way from the upper

front margin downwards; posterior scar broader, roundly ovate.

Pallial line simple, joining the front scar at its upper end. Interior

of valves exhibiting an irregular corrugation or punctation. Width

93 millims., length 8, thickness 33.

Hab. Station 5.

This pretty species is very different from most others of the genus

in being sculptured with raised lamellee,

Macrra (Murrnta) tevicarno, sp. n. (Plate V. figs. 2-2 b.)

Shell ovate, subtrigonal, inequilateral, livid from the centre of the

valves to the umbones, elsewhere white, covered with a greyish-olive

epidermis. Valves moderately convex, with a faint ridge or angula-

tion from the umbo to the hinder extremity, which is very

slightly angulated, and with a shallow depression nearer the dorsal

line, marked by a wrinkling of the epidermis. Interior white.

The sculpture consists of concentric strie, very fine near the apex,

and rather coarse towards the outer margin. Umbones small, acute,

not far apart, situated a little anteriorly. Hinge remarkable on

account of the small size of the cartilage-pit; and the whole con-

struction of the hinge is slight. Pallial sinus rather deep, but not

acute. Diam. 56 millims., length 44, thickness 22.

Hub. Cockle Cove, 7 fathoms., mud.

M. edulis of King appears to be the nearest ally of this species,

which differs especially in having a much smaller cartilage-pit, a less

deep pallial sinus. The form also is more transverse and the dorsal

slopes less arcuate, thus giving a more triangular appearance to the

outline.

NvucvuLa PIsuM, var.

Hab. Station 2.

A single specimen of this species is of a rather narrower and more

triangular form than normal examples.

Lrpa tuGcupris, A. Adams.

Hab. Station 2; and Wolsey anchorage, 17 fathoms, mud and

gravel.

MALLETIA MAGELLANICA, Smith, (Plate V. figs. 3, 3 a.)

Hab. Station 3, Mayne Harbour, 9 fathoms, greenish mud; and

Cockle Cove, 2-32 fathoms, mud.

The typical specimens of this species were collected somewhat

south of the above localities at Otter Island. One of those just

received is a very fine example, being 38 millims. broad, with a

length of 20; and the beaked end is remarkably acute.

40 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

SAXICAVA, sp.

Hab. Station 7.

There are two apparently young specimens of a species of this

genus. They may possibly belong to S. antarctica, Philippi, who

says (‘Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte,’ 1845, p. 52) that it is almost

impossible to separate the young of the common Greenland species

(S. arctica) from the young of the Patagonian form. As far as

the character of the shell can determine the species, I confess that

the two little specimens from the Straits of Magellan appear to be

merely the immature state of the northern shell.

Panpora (KENNERLIA) BRAZILIENSIS, Gould. (Plate V. figs.

4-4 ¢.)

Pandora braziliensis, Gould, Sowerby, Conch. Icon. pl. 2. f. 15.

Shell somewhat ovate, truncate on the hinge side. Lower or left

valve deep, convex, thickish, whitish, with a shallow depression from

the umbo to the anterior part of the ventral margin, parting off about

one sixth of the valve into a sort of wing, which has a less length

than rest of the valve; and consequently the ventral margin is in-

terrupted and does not form a regular curve. Down the posterior

dorsal slope are three slight keels, situated close together and not

far from the edge. Sculpture consisting of coarsish concentric lines

of growth ; and radiating from the umbo towards the ventral margin

a few rather indistinct very slightly elevated ridges may be observed.

Interior whitish, pearly, iridescent. Scars small, subcircular, marked

with a few transverse concentric layers of growth. Anterior

thickening of the hinge-line stout, dentiform, adjoining the front

scar, posterior also rather strong and projecting, forming an oblique

boundary to the cartilage. The latter is supported or strengthened

by a narrow delicate ossicle. Upper, right, or flat valve sculptured

with fine concentric lines of growth and also with arcuate brown radia-

ting strise. The anterior part is also parted off, as in the lower valve,

by an indistinct depression from the apex to the front part of the

ventral margin. Posterior dorsal slope nearly at right angles to the

rest of the surface of the valve, forming an acute angle. Interior

exhibiting about the central portion a few radiating shallow punc-

tured striz. Scars similar to those of the other valve. Teeth two,

one very strong, the other thin, narrow, diverging, forming a base for

the cartilage. Pearl beautifully iridescent. Width 215 millims.,

length 16, thickness 6.

Hab. Station 2.

This species is considerably like P. wardiana, A. Adams, from

Mantchuria; but when closely compared together there appear

several differences by which they can be distinguished. The form

is not precisely similar ; the position of the scars is different ; and the

dentition is much stronger in the present species, although a smaller

shell. As far as I can ascertain, Gould has not published this name ;

but the valve figured in Sowerby’s characteristically slovenly mono-

graph is labelled in the Cumingian collection P, Jdraziliensis,

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S, ‘ALERT.’ 41

Gould, and agrees exactly with the single shell above described. In

assigning P. wardiana to Carpenter, and California as its locality,

Sowerby has exhibited a great want of care.

LoRIPES PERTENUIS, sp. n. (Plate V. fig. 5.)

Shell very thin, compressed, obliquely subcircular, white, inequi-

lateral. Valves conceutrically finely striated, with a shallow groove

running from the umbo down to the posterior end, but at a very

little distance from the dorsal margin, and with a second depression

bordering the dorsal edge. Umbones acute, rather prominent,

situated very much forward. Hinge absolutely toothless. Interior

of valves exhibiting traces of iridescence. Width 10 millims.,

length 9, thickness 43.

Hab. Straits of Magellan.

This species is remarkable for its extreme fragility and the shallow

depressions down the posterior dorsal slope.

KELLIA MAGELLANICA, sp. n. (Plate V. figs. 6-6 0.)

Shell equivalve, subequilateral, white, covered with a yellowish-

olive epidermis, for the most part worn off, of an ovate form, a trifle

natrowing anteriorly, the outline being interrupted by the pro-

minence of the umbones, rather ventricose. Sculpture consisting

of rather coarse concentric lines of growth. Umbones rather acute

and prominent, somewhat curved anteriorly. Interior of valves of

a bluish white, except at the margin, where the epidermis is narrowly

reflexed within. Hinge composed of two stout teeth in the right

valve—one immediately beneath the umbo, and the second rather

widely separated from it by the intervening cartilage. Also two

teeth beneath the apex in the left valve, and a third corresponding

to the second tooth in the other valve, also parted off from the others

by the internal ligament. Scars and pallial line indistinct ; the

latter appears quite simple. Width 84 millims., length 73, thick-

ness 5.

Hab. Station 6.

This species is very much like the British K. suborbicularis, yet

on close investigation appears distinct. It is more solid, has a

stouter epidermis, stronger teeth, and the form is not quite the same,

K. bullata, Philippi, also a Magellan species, must be very nearly

allied to the present ; yet the form, as described in the ‘ Archiv fiir

Naturgeschichte,’ appears to differ. K. magellanica is almost equi-

lateral, whilst A. dud/ata is said to be “ vorn weit linger als hinten.”

ASTARTE MAGELLANICA, sp. n. (Plate V. fig. 7.)

Shell small, subequilateral, elevated, subpyriform, and not very

tumid, concentrically sulcated; beaks prominent, acute, curving

considerably anteriorly. Lunule indistinct. The dorsal slope on

that side rather incurved, posterior one regularly curved, basal

margin broadly arcuate. Concentric waves numerous, close-set,

very fine upon the umbones, gradually increasing in stoutness,

attenuating at the sides, Epidermis thin, greenish yellow. Interior

42 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

dirty whitish, marked with irregular, concentric, subtranslucid

zones ; impressions shallow, the anterior rather narrower than the

posterior ; above the former is a second separate minute subcireular

pit and a similar one joining the upper margin of the latter. Basal

margin of valves minutely dentate within. Teeth of right valve two :

the anterior, or that nearest the side towards which the beak

curves, very small, conical ; the other elongate, bifid. In the other

valve two teeth also, the anterior bifid, stouter and shorter than the

posterior, which is simple. Anterior dorsal margin of right valve and

posterior of the left grooved to receive a thin corresponding

elongate lamella on the opposite margins of the respective valves.

Length 5 millims., width 45, diameter 2.

Hab. Boija Bay, Straits of Magellan, 20 fathoms, on a bottom

composed of stones and dead shells.

The discovery of this species in antarctic latitudes is especially

interesting, being another instance of the occurrence of a genus in

antarctic regions which is peculiarly boreal in its distribution.

A, longirostra, dOrbigny, from the Falkland Islands, is allied to

this species. It is, however, more beaked, much more finely

sculptured, and has a smooth margin to the valves.

Carpira (ACTINOBOLUS) VELUTINUS, sp.n. (Plate V. fig. 8.)

Shell equivalve, rather inequilateral, globose, as long as broad,

whitish, clothed with a thickish velvety pilose dirty brownish

epidermis, sculptured with about twenty elevated rounded and some-

what granulous coste, which are furthest apart anteriorly, and

more approximated on the hinder slope of the valves; the inter-

stices are about as broad as the ribs. Umbones prominent, much

incurved. Lunule very deep, shortly cordiform. Central tooth in

right valve very strong, triangular, striated at the sides. Left valve

with a deep central triangular pit, which receives the tooth of the

other valve, and a tooth on each side, whereof the anterior is small,

rather acute and prominent, and the other elongate, thin, striated on

the outer side. Anterior scar elongate, twice as long as broad,

posterior much shorter. Margin of the valves dentate within.

Interior bluish white near the margin, and feebly tinted with yellow

or rose in the concavity. Width 19 millims., length 19, thick-

ness 143.

Hab. Station 2; and Wolsey anchorage, 17 fathoms.

C. spurca, Sowerby, is the nearest ally of this species. It is,

however, of a longer and squarer form ; and the epidermis is different.

Carpita (AcCTINOBOLUS) ComPREsSUS, Reeve.

Hab. Station 5, and Boija Bay, 20 fms., on a stony and shelly

bottom. Valparaiso (Reeve).

CaRDITELLA, 0. g.

Shell exteriorly like Cardita. Hinge composed of two cardinal

teeth in the left valve and one in the other. Each valve also has two

lateral teeth, one nearly marginal on the one side, the other on the

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.” 43

opposite side being well within the outer edge, with a groove be-

tween it and the margin for the reception of the submarginal tooth

of the other valve. External ligament small, yet distinct. Internal

eartilage minute, placed immediately beneath the apex of the valves.

Pallial line simple.

To this genus belong Cardita tegulata, Reeve, and C. semen,

Reeve, the former from Valparaiso, the latter from Bolivia.

CARDITELLA PALLIDA, sp. n. (Plate V. figs. 9-9 0.)

Shell triangularly ovate, equilateral, small, compressed, white,

clothed with a very thin pale-olive epidermis, with 14 or 15 flattish

radiating ribs about twice as broad as the sulci between them; also

concentrically sulcated aud striated. The fine sulci cut through the

costee, and, being rather close together, produce upon them, toward

the ventral margin, transversely oblong granules. Higher up the

ribs become narrower, and consequently the granules are not so large

or so wide. Interior of valves dentate at the margin. ‘Two lateral

teeth in each valve, one marginal, the other within the margin.

One cardinal tooth in right valve, and two in the lett. Ligament small,

external. Also a very minute internal cartilage, immediately below

the apex of the umbo. Muscular scars subcireular. Pallial line

indistinct, but apparently simple. Length 44 millims., diam. 5,

thickness 2}.

Hab. Station 2.

Cardita flabellum, Reeve, is almost precisely like this species

exteriorly; but the lateral teeth in the former are much more delicate,

the internal ligament considerably larger, and the cardinal teeth are

not quite the same as in the specimens above described, consisting

of a single tooth bordering one side of the cartilage-pit and two

diverging ones united above on the other. In addition to these

differences, C. flabellum has no external ligament. For it I propose

the generic name of Carditopsis. C. tegulata, Reeve, is more in-

equilateral, less triangular, and has only twelve radiating ribs.

Myri.us FiscHERIANUs, Tapparone-Canefri, Viaggio della Ma-

genta, p. 138, pl. iv. f. 1-10.

Hab. Tom Bay, ona stranded mass of kelp.

Care must be taken not to confound this species with the large

Chilian species W/. chorus, Molina. It differs from it in form very

considerably. The greatest width in M. chorus is from the dorsal

angle to the opposite margin, which is remarkably straight. In

the present species, on the other hand, the greatest breadth occurs

considerably lower down, and the ventral border exhibits a_ regular

though slight curve. ‘The muscular scars, too, offer excellent dif-

ferences. The anterior subumbonal is very indistinct and almost

apical in MV. chorus, and that on the opposite or ligamental side is

rather remote from the umbo and of a broad ovate form; whilst in

M. fischerianus the former is very distinct, deep, subtriangular, and

more remote from the apex, and the latter is quite narrow and

nearer the umbo. The large anterior scar of Molina’s species is less

44 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [ Jan. 4,

circular at the lower end than that of this species ; and the extension

of it upward is irregular, there being a part of it which extends at an

angle within the valve. ;

These differences appear constant in the four specimens of M. fis-

cherianus and the eleven of WM. chorus which I have examined.

The latter species is figured in Cunningham’s ‘ Natural History of

the Straits of Magellan,’ on a plate opposite p. 155, under the name

of Mytilus chilensis. This is not, however, the M. chilensis, Hupé.

The largest specimen of MW. fischerianus is 125 millims. long.

Myri.uvs, sp., Jun.

Hab. Station 7.

There are two apparently young shells which I cannot identify

with any described species. They are remarkable on account of the

great breadth, which is about the same as thelength. ‘The sculpture

too is very curious; it consists of 15 to 20 very thread-like lirz

which radiate from the apex to the outer margin. The texture is

thin, semitransparent, bluish white ; and the surface is clothed with a

thin pale-olive epidermis.

Myrinus MAGELLANICUs, Chemnitz.

Hab. Station 3.

Pecren pATAGONTCus, King.

Hab. Stations 1, 2, 3, 6, and Puerto Bueno, 2-7 fathoms, rocky

bottom.

BRACHIOPODA.

WaALpDHEIMIA DILATATA, Lamarck.

Hab. Stations 2, 3, 5, 7, and Cockle Cove, 2-32 fathoms, mud.

One of the specimens from Portland Bay is very fine, having a

diameter of 50 millims.

WALDHEIMIA MAGELLANICA, Chemnitz.

Hab. Stations 2, 5, and 7.

V. POLYZOA.

By Sruart O. Ripiey.

(Plate VI.)

For the systematic arrangement of the species here described,

Mr. Hincks’s most valuable recent work on the British Marine

Polyzoa has been chiefly followed; the key to the generic re-

lations of the species is therefore to be found there. I have

hesitated to name many new species, preferring in some cases to

designate as varieties forms which, were the known variability of

recent forms and the number of readily identifiable and largely

described fossil ones less than they are, would probably have been

set down with little doubt as distinct species.

P Z.S 1881 P1V1.

Edwin Wilson. del et hth. Mintern Bros imp

POLYZOA:.AND CORALS OF SALERT” SURVEY.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 45

With regard to the fauna of the southern coasts of South America,

we have already, in the British Museum Catalogue of 1852-75,

had considerable insight into it, thanks chiefly to the collections

brought home by Mr. Darwin; and a statement of its richness in its

more equatorial parts has been placed on record by the late Dr.

Willimoes-Suhm in a preliminary Report! on the observations made

on the ‘Challenger,’ referring to dredgings made off the Brazils.

This latter statement is fully borne out by the contents of the

present valuable collection. A striking instance in point is that of a

haul taken at Victoria Bank, off Brazil, of which the Polyzoan contents

could be contained in a pill box, but which included seven species,

among them several of the relatively bulky species of the genus Celle-

pora, and a representative of a new genus. A few shreds of a thin

Fucus from Elizabeth Island in the Straits(6 fathoms depth) produced

no Jess than 99 colonies or portions of colonies, representing nine

species. In the new species assigned to Chaunosia, Busk, we have

the interesting case of a fellow being found to a species from across

the Atlantic at the opposite mainland, the Cape of Good Hope.

Species known as fossils have appeared in the shape of Cellepora

tubigera, Busk (already known from European seas), and the beauti-

ful Discoporella grignonensis, Busk, not previously known in the

recent state.

One species (a new one) belongs to the Endoprocta (Pedicellina) ,

none to the Ctenostomata ; six to the Cyclostomata (of which three

are T'ubulipore, one a Discoporella, one a Diastopora, one an Id-

monea). Of the Chilostomata but one species of the Articulata

(Busk, Cat. Mus. Brit.) occurs; the rest, numbering 25 species,

belong exclusively to the generally more highly calcified group

Inarticulata (Busk, J. c.). This is rather striking, considering the

abundance in which the Catenicellide and kindred forms occur off

Australia ; but it serves to draw attention to the fact that the facies

of the fauna is Atlantic rather than Australian or Novo-Zelandian.

CHILOSTOMATA.

Canpa? sp.

A few badly preserved fragments from Victoria Bank®, off S.E.

Brazil, 39 fms.

CHAUNOSIA FRAGILIS, sp. n. (Plate VI. fig. 1.)

Chaunosia, Busk, Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. (n. s.) vil. p. 241.

Zoarium horny, with the exception of the calcareous distal portion

of the spines. Zooecia erect, distinct, crowded, each standing at the

junction of four uniting branches of the tubular stolon, which is their

only point of attachment ; somewhat convex behind and at the sides,

straight in front, where they appear to lie open by a space of about

three fourths of the breadth of the front of the cell; tapering

1 Proc. Roy. Soe. xxiv. p. 572.

2? Not marked in the usual maps; its position is lat. 20° 42' §., long,

37° 27' W.

46 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

slightly to upper end from short distance above base ; a prominent

horny ridge at upper end ; beset at the sides with tubular, partly cal-

careous, brittle unbranched spines, which show a strong constriction

of their internal cavity at the point of junction of the horny and cal-

careous substances, viz. at about one fifth of their length from the base:

about fifteen spines are arranged down each side of the cell. Stolon

creeping on foreign bodies. Tentacles between twenty and thirty

in number. A gizzard present. No special ocecium observed.

Maximum length of zocecium, exclusive of spines, 1°25 millim.,

maximum exclusive breadth *5 millim.; maximum length of spines

‘7 millim.

Examined. From spirit, in glycerine and after treatment with

acid.

Hab. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms.; on large flexible worm-tube

with Halecium, Sertularella, &c.

Oés. This species appears to be distinguished from C. hirtissima,

Busk, by the unbranched character of the spines, by the sessile

form of the colony, replacing the Flustra-like branching of that

species ; the cell is also about one third larger than appears to be the

size of C. hirtissima (although one of the figures given of that

species differs in proportion, probably by an error, from the other

two), which seems to be about °83 millim. long. The method of

basal attachment is not given with sufficient plainness by Busk ; but

it appears probable that it resembles that of our species, and that

the tubular processes proceed from the base alone, and not from the

sides of the cell as in Diachoris. The back of the cell is bare of

spines, thus differing again from C. hirtissima.

It is noticeable that both species are from the South Atlantic,

C. hirtissima being from the Cape of Good Hope.

MErMBRANIPORA LACROIXI, Audouin.

Flustra lacroii, Audouin, in Savigny’s ‘ Egypte.’

Membranipora lacroivi, Busk, Cat. Mus. Brit. ii. p. 60, pls. Ixix.,

cix. fig. 1.

The outline of the cells and the calcareous part of the surface

corresponds well with pl. Ixix. fig. 4 of Busk, Cat. Mar. Polyz.

Brit. Mus. ; but it has, besides, pear-shaped apertures surrounded

by distinct rims, in the spaces between the cells; they vary in

position ; and there are from one to two at each side of the cell ; other

spaces, whose walls are simply formed by the edges of the cells, also

occur irregularly. The spine on each side above the mouth is often

present.

Examined. Dry.

Hab. Victoria Bank, 8.E. Brazil, 33 fathoms, on Cellepora.

MEMBRANIPORA CURVIROSTRIS, Hincks.

Membranipora curvirostris, Hincks, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 3, ix. p. 29, pl. vii. fig. 4; Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 153,

pl. xx. figs. 5 and 6.

A small colony on Fucus corresponds very well with the latter

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 47

description and figures, except that the two oral spines are not

observed, that the lamina appears (perhaps delusively) to be often

calcified at its margin, and that the ocecium has a rather thick front

edge, which is mesially pointed.

Hab. Hotspur Bank (off Brazilian coast, long. 35° 46! W., lat.

17° 32' S.), 35 fathoms.

CRIBRILLINA RADIATA, Moll.

“ Eschara radiata, Moll, Seerinde.’’

Cribrillina radiata, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 181,

pl. xxv. figs. 1-9.

Of the “form radiata” of Hincks, op. cit. p. 188, with glisten-

ing surface, and well represented by pl. xxv. fig. 3, op. cit., except

that a single pore below the mouth is the rule, instead of the

two small ones there represented.

Hab. Victoria Bank, off S.E, Brazil, 33 fathoms, on Cellepora.

GIGANTOPORA, g. n.

Growth encrusting. Zoceciasalient, ventricose, minutely roughened

and punctured. Above true mouth, which is terminal, not hori-

zontal, is an enlarged tubular prolongation of the peristome directed

upwards and outwards, terminated by a secondary aperture; an

avicularium or vibraculum at one or both sides of this. On front

face of zocecium proper a large roundish special pore at least half as

broad transversely as the cell itself.

GIGANTOPORA LYNCOIDES, sp. n. (Plate VI. fig. 3.)

Zocecia grouped round a centre, incontact with those in front of and

behind them ; ventricose, surface glistening, minutely roughened and

punctate. Special pore at about middle of front of cell, transversely

elongated, with projecting smooth lips, rounded at ends, equal in

transverse diameter to at least half that of the cell itself. Peri-

stomial neck ventricose, diminishing in diameter from middle towards

the secondary orifice; roughened similarly to the cell; bent forward

at an angle of about 30°, flattened from front to back; rim thick,

prolonged before and behind into angular point; on edge of each

lateral depression a pear-shaped opening, in which is inserted a

horny vibraculoid seta, ending in a fine point, equal in length to about

that of the peristomial neck, projecting straight upwards in same

direction as the neck. Ocecium small, globose, recumbent at back

of cell proper, punctate.

Full length of cell about 1-065 millim., extreme breadth (at lower

end) about ‘532 millim.

Examined. In the dry state.

Hab. Victoria Bank (off S.E. Brazil), 33 fathoms. On a Nullipore

incrusting a small univalve shell, and bearing many strong processes,

between which the small zoarium of about 20 cells lies.

Obs. Under this genus must also be ranked Hippothoa fenestrata,

Smitt (“ Flor. Bryoz.,” Sv. Akad. Handl. xi. No. 4, p. 47, pl. vi.

48 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

fig. 142), from Florida and perhaps also the Pacific. Prof. Smitt evi-

dently merely placed the species under Hippothoa provisionally. It

comes near to the present species, differing from it in the apparently

orbicular outline of the secondary orifice, and in the position of the

lateral avicularia (of which only one may be present) at the lower

end of the peristomial prolongation, and in the smoothness of the

peristome. Itshould therefore stand as Gigantopora fenestrata, Smitt.

The present new species is a beautiful and striking form; the hya-

line character of the shell, the curiously dumbbell-like outline of the

large front pore (which is apparently its normal form, though it

shows great variations from this, being almost orbicular in some

cases) with its distinct rim, the bilabiate aperture of the secondary

orifice, and the slender upwardly-projecting vibracula, all give it a

remarkable appearance.

The question of affinity is a difficult one. The pore differs from

that of Anarthropora; and Smittia, which has a similar peristomial

lip, wants the special pore ; while Microporella, on the other hand, has

the pore, but wants thelip. Probably the pore is a character of much

deeper importance than the lip, derived, as Smitt has shown it, by

the example of Porellina (Lepralia) ciliata, to be, from the infra-

oral sinus. Therefore perhaps it is best to refer it to the Micropo-

rellide rather than to the Escharide, with which, however, it would

seem to have some points of affinity.

Porina GALEATA, Busk.

Lepralia galeata, Busk, Cat. Polyz. Mus. Brit. ii. p. 66, pl. xciv.

figs. 1, 2.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan, 6 fathoms, on thin

sea-weed; Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms, on Pecten-valve.

ScHIZOPORELLA MARSUPIUM, Macgillivray. (Plate VI. fig. 6.)

Lepralia marsupium, Macgillivray, Tr. Phil. Inst. Victoria, pt. i.

vol. ix. p. 136.

Zoarium incrusting; cells adnate, radiating in more or less

straight lines from a centre. Zocecia distinct, convex, separated

by thin raised lines; broad, with sharp inferior lateral angles,

rounded above, hyaline ; surface glistening, very minutely punctate,

and also bearing about 12 very shallow and indistinct pits of small

size, scattered. Orifice semilunar, rounded above, with sharp inferior

angles, lower lip straight, sinus shallow, rectangular ; from 2 to 3

blunt spines round orifice. Below orifice a very distinctly cireum-

scribed semilunar area, entirely occupied by a large and very pro-

minent avicalarian rostrum, convex immediately below mouth ;

opening large, circular, partially visible from above. Ovicell small,

subglobular, minutely punctate, hyaline and glistening, marked by

concentric lines.

One specimen.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, on thin seaweed.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 49

Obs. This species agrees with Z. marsupium, Macgillivray, as

described from Victoria in Joc. cit., in every particular of the short

description ; but that description is so short as to need the present

fuller account. It resembles Schizoporella (Lepralia) venusta,

Norman, in many points, but wants the rectangular area above the

mouth, with its avicularium.

SCHIZOPORELLA HYALINA, Linné.

Cellepora hyalina, Linné, Syst. Nat. (12) p. 1286.

Schizoporella hyalina, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 271,

pl. xviii. fig. 8-10.

(i.) Ordinary form. Nine small colonies, from Elizabeth Island

(Straits of Magellan), 6 fathoms, on Fucus. One ditto from Port-

land Bay (S.W. Chili), 10 fathoms, on Fucus.

(ii.) Var. tuberculata, Hincks (Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 272)

Four small colonies on Fucus, and one of doubtful origin ; all from

Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms.

(ili.) Var. inerassata, Hincks (J. c. supra). Three colonies from

Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, on Fucus.

SCHIZOPORELLA SPINIFERA, Johnston ?

Lepralia spinifera, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. (2) p. 324, pl. lvii.

fig. 6.

Schizoporella spinifera, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 241,

pl. xxxv. figs. 6-8.

To this species is referred with much doubt a patch of a smali-

celled incrusting form, with very convex cells; the articulations of

4 or 5 spines, now gone, are seen on the sometimes somewhat raised

peristome. Surface covered with indistinct puncta ; sinus large and

vounded, the margin at its upper angles drawn up into two vertical

points. A large median avicularium on a slight elevation just below

the mouth, the mandible pointing downwards. No ovicells.

Hab. 'Tom Bay, S.W. Chili, 0-30 fathoms, on dead Retepora.

ScHIZOPORELLA? sp.

A glossy, obscurely punctured species without avicularia, with a

shallow small sinus, and a short pointed rostrum on the lower edge

of the mouth, and 7 to 8 slender spines on the raised peristome ;

zocecia convex ; no ocecia. Incrusting.

Hab. Same as preceding.

ScCHIZOPORELLA LABIOSA, Busk.

Lepralia labiosa, Busk, Cat, Polyz. Brit. Mus. p. 82, pl. Ixxxiv.

figs. 4, 5.

This species should be described as having the surface of the cell

either tuberculated regularly around a median ridge, or indented by

large, mostly elongated grooves which radiate from a median ridge

or bare surface which extends about halfway down the cell from below

Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1881, No. IV. 4

50 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

the lip. The lip undergoes great variations even in the same colony.

In young colonies, and in some parts of old ones, the thickened ridge

investing its edge is almost wanting. Again, it may appear from

the front either asa straight line, asa two-horned ridge, or asa

ridge produced mesially into a single point.

The depth of the grooves of the surface also varies greatly, so

that the surface appears either (i.) as beset with round, more or less

elongated tubercles arranged round the median ridge, or (ii.) as

grooved, the substance between the depressions not being thus divided

into tubercles; in some specimens, too, the tuberculation itself is almost

obliterated, apparently by thickening layers added from the exterior.

As the grooved and tuberculated cells sometimes occur in the same

colonies, it is probable that the latter (the only ones originally figured

and described), being, as they are, particularly thick-walled specimens,

are produced from the former by the thickening of the cell-wall!

and consequent greater or less obliteration of the spaces (the last

stage in this process being the obliteration of the tubercles them-

selves), owing perhaps to age. (Cf. Hincks on the development of

the zocecium, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyzoa, p. 184, where he explains

the origin and changes of the primary ridges and furrows.)

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, incrusting a mass of Balani

and enveloping stem of Sertularia. Sandy Poimt, 7-10 fathoms,

grom large flexible worm-tube and Balanus on the same.

RHYNCHOPORA BISPINOSA, Johnston.

Lepralia bispinosa, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. (2) p. 326, pl. lvii.

fig. 10.

Rhynchopora bispinosa, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 385,

p. xl. fig. 1.

Eschara unicornis, Hutton ?, Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zealand, p. 99.

To this species are referred with some doubt two colonies of Escha-

roid form, consisting of narrow, strap-shaped branching growths, the

branches not anastomosing. The denticle within the mouth is very

small and sometimes absent; the suboral umbo is often somewhat

eccentric, but usually high and truncate; there is sometimes a

mound-like swelling bearing an avicularium on the opposite side of

the mouth to the umbo; the two supraoral spines are short and

often stout; the surface is rough and regularly covered with large

punctures and small avicularia (?) ; the cells are strongly convex and

cover both sides of the fronds.

Hab. Victoria Bank, off S.E. Brazil, 33 fathoms.

LEPRALTA.

Lepralia s. str. (as limited by Smitt and Hincks).

LEPRALIA MONOCEROs, Busk, Cat. Polyz. Brit. Mus. p. 72,

pl. xcili. figs. 5, 6.

The punctures of the surface generally present a small tubercle

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 51

projecting into them from the side, giving them more or less of a

crescentic appearance. One specimen, which was taken from the

base of a Sponge and grew partially over an Jdmonca, was bent over

on itself, so that the two halves appeared inclined to unite back to

back and form an Escharoid frond; but there was a space between

them, which was perhaps originally partially filled with the substance

of the Sponge.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms; Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms;

on flexible worm-tube and Balanus sessile on the same. Also Tom

Bay, near Madre de Dios archipelago, 0-30 fathoms, on base of

Sponge.

Obs. The different specimens vary much in the distinctness of the

cells and the number and regularity of the punctures.

LEpPRALIA APPRESSA, Busk, var. noy. vinosA. (Plate VI. fig. 4.)

Lepralia pertusa, Manzoni? Sitzungsb. Ak. Wien, lix. (2) p. 520,

pl. ii. fig. 11 (Pliocene).

Lepralia adpressa, Busk, Cat. Polyz. Brit. Mus. p. 82, pl. cii.

figs. 3, 4, pl. ii. fig. 11.

Zocecia distinct, moderately to broadly ovate, or obscurely penta-

gonal, slightly convex, closely adnate to surface as a compact zoarium.

Mouth defined by a slightly salient narrow rim, well arched above,

constricted towards lower angles by two rounded processes projecting

into the aperture; lower lip entire, somewhat irregular in outline,

slightly projecting outwards. Surface of zocecium covered with

obscure tubercles, arranged in a series round edge of cell and over

the surface, sometimes in transverse series across the cell; surface

granular. Colour of zocecia, with the exception of the rim of the

mouth (which is white or brownish) and the apices of the tubercles

(which appear white), puce (or crimson-purple) ; colour faint on

oldest parts of zoarium. Ocecium small, slightly convex, minutely

roughened, not tuberculated, subcircular, brownish.

Hab. Portland Bay, 8.W. Chili, 10 fathoms, on shell of Crepipa-

tella.

Obs. This species resembles L. data, Busk., and Z. adpressa,

Busk (lately united by Hincks, in Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyzoa, under

the latter name), so closely in all essential characters except the

colour, that I have hesitated to give it a new appellation. However,

as compared with the type specimen of L. adpressa and the figures

of L. lata, the aperture of the mouth is seen to be much less clearly

defined, the lower lip being very indistinct, and the mouth is consi-

derably smaller. These characters may be due to thickening of the

wall to some extent; but still the colour remains. But as Lepralia

(Microporella, Hincks) violacea, Johnst., may vary from dark purple

to cream-colour, and Lepralia (Mucronella, Hincks) coccinea, Abild.,

with age from grey to red, it appears not safe to depend on this alone

as a specific character. It is noteworthy that it adheres to the

practice of its allies, of growing on a shell.

4*

52 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

SMITTIA LANDSBOROVI, Johnston.

Lepralia landsborovii, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. (2) i. p. 310,

pl. liv. fig. 9.

Smittia landsborovi, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 341,

pl. xlviil. figs. 6-9.

A small colony, or part of one, discovered among an immense

number of Zubulipore. Sessile. Cells thin, hyaline, punctured all

over, oval or narrow-pentagonal; bounding lines faint or absent.

Six strong spimes on margin. Avicularium small, on lip of mouth,

sometimes absent.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, on Fucus.

Lepralia reticulata, Macgillivray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) ix.

p- 467.

SMITTIA RETICULATA, Macgillivray ?, var.

Smittia reticulata, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 346,

pl. xlviii. figs. 1-5.

Part aof colony. Margin of mouth generally complete below,

subjacent denticle seldom seen. Cells outlined by distinct raised

line. Oval median avicularium included in an area bounded by a

line descending from the sides of the month, longitudinal in direction,

sometimes absent. Cell equally punctured all over. Spines on

border of mouth 4 or 5, the median ones less robust than the lateral

ones. Lower lip prominent. Ocecium absent.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, on Fucus.

Obs. In the punctuation of the entire surface and in the larger

number of spines this appears to differ materially from S. reticulata,

but it is at any rate closely allied to it.

SMITTIA AFFINIS, Hincks, var. nov. ACUMINATA.

Lepralia affinis, Hincks, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) ix. p. 206,

pl. xu. fig. 2.

Smittia affinis, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyzoa, p. 348, pl. xlix.

figs. 10, 11.

Zocecia ovate or distinctly pentagonal (the upper angles rounded),

separated by slender raised lines ; surface covered with moderately

large punctures radiating obscurely from centre; peristome thin and

depressed below, thick above, where 4 to 5 strong spines spring

from it; below and within inferior edge of peristome 3 denticles, the

median one generally hammer-shaped, the others simply acute.

A circular avicularium may be present immediately below the lower

lip, on aslightly raised boss. Ocecia globose, somewhat more broad

than long, with a semicircular crown of large punctures on the upper

surface; the peristome is prolonged into a pointed lip on each side of

the front of the cell (similar ones sometimes occur in the same

position in the zocecium), and is often indented by a sinus which

occurs in its lip. One of the zoaria formsa circular patch ; the other

is imperfect. The specimens agree in all other points with Hincks’s

description (@. ¢.).

ees

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 53

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, on Fucus, in company with

Schizoporella hyalina. Two colonies. ;

Obs. Were it not for the fact that only one specimen of the ori-

ginal species has occurred on which to base its characters, it would

have seemed advisable to make a new species of this, in consideration

of its being spined.

SMiITTIA TRIsPINOsA, Johnston, var. nov. LIGULATA. (Plate VI.

fig. 9.) ;

Discopora trispinosa, Johnston, Edin. Phil. Journ, xiii. p. 222.

Lepralia trispinosa, Busk, Cat. Brit. Mus. Polyzoa, ii. p. 70,

Smittia trispinosa, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyzoa, p. 353,

pl. xlix. figs. 1-8.

A yellowish patch embracing the base of a colony of a branching

Cellepora. The cells are markedly diamond-shaped ; the surface is

much perforated, a marginal series of larger perforations being

distinguishable from the rest ; a raised line is irregularly present

around the cells. The lower side of the mouth is much raised, each

of the inferior angles being occupied by a smooth swelling, often of

different sizes on the two sides ; sinus small. A very peculiar, long,

narrow, strap-shaped avicularium extends from close to one or both

sides of the mouth downwards to a distance of about half the total

length of the cell ; the mandible points downwards ; a few elongated

or oval small avicularia sometimes present on the sides or behind

the mouth. Surface hyaline. Ovicell globular, but flattened, upper

edge bearing a semicircle of large punctures. Spines absent or

broken off.

Hab. Victoria Bank, off 8.E. Brazil, 33 fathoms, on Cellepora,

Obs. The long avicularium described evidently represents the large

triangular form described by Hincks (J. c.) as sometimes present ; for

it is sometimes replaced by such a one of almost the normal

characters. A similarly placed but generally broader form occurs

in a specimen described as Lepralia reticulata, var. inequalis, by

Mr. A. W. Waters, from Naples.

RETEPORA CELLULOSA, Oken ?

Frondipora cellulosa, Oken? “ Lehrbuch Nat. 63.” bs

Retepora cellulosa, Lamarck, Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2, il. p. 276.

A small and worn fragment without ocecia perhaps represents this

species ; but spines and long rostrum are alike absent. Most cells,

however, could not have had a long rostrum, but are in the con-

dition represented by plate exxiii. fig. 7 of the Brit.-Mus. Catalogue

of Polyzoa, vol. ii., with the addition of avicularia.

Hab. Borja Bay (north-western part of Straits of Magellan),

20 fathoms.

RETEPORA ALTISULCATA, sp. n. (Plate VI. fig. 5.)

Frond flattish, slightly undulated;. fenestrae elongate-oval,

generally about equal in diameter to the reticulations, which are

almost cylindrical. Zocecia crowded, oblong. Surface marked with

54 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

shallow pits. Mouth entire, transversely elongated, subhorizontal,

the lower lip being salient but not toothed. A round avicularium

below or on the edge of mouth, on a small rostrum.

Ocecium elongate, with a deep broad sinus penetrating into it

from the mouth. Dorsal surface minutely roughened, but shining ;

the outlines of the cells marked by shallow grooves ; asmall rounded

avicularium on most cells.

Hab. Tom Bay, S.W. Chili, 0-30 fathoms.

Six broken fragments, probably all belonging to one colony, re-

present the species. It is distinguished from R. beaniana, King

(Hincks), by the sinus (not a slit) of the ovicell, and by the incon-

stancy of the position of the suboral rostrum, which is most usually

separated by a considerable gap from the mouth.

CELLEPORA TUBIGERA, Busk.

Cellepora tubigera, Busk, Crag Polyzoa (Mon. Palseont. Soc.),

p. 60, pl. ix. figs. 8, 10.

The sinus of the mouth is sometimes small and on a level with

the mouth (as in Lepralia trispinosa, Johnston, &c.); otherwise it

forms a great vertical gap in the peristome. The rostrum is some-

times pointed and bearing an avicularium on its inner aspect (as in

C. pumicosa), sometimes broad at the apex ; it is sometimes placed

laterally with regard to the cell, and sometimes at some distance

from it. The cells are rough or smooth, much or little punctured.

The ovicells are globose, smooth, with a few slight ridges running

usually across their breadth,. or-with a crown of punctures on the

upper surface from which ‘radiate slight ridges. There are large long

avicularia between the cells, generally on special raised but flattened

bosses. Two young and nine adult colonies occur in this collec-

tion, embracing Sertularian and Tubularian stems, exactly after the

manner of C. pumicosa.

Hab. Trinidad Channel (off Madre-de-Dios Islands), S.W. Chili.

One group, consisting of one young and two adult colonies, from

30 fathoms ; for the rest the depth is not known. All on Sertularian

stems, with one doubtful exception.

CELLEPORA BILABIATA, Busk.

Cellepora bilabiata, Busk, Voy. of Rattlesnake, p. 382.

Two colonies, one forming almost a perfect hemisphere, the other

flattened, uneven. Both lips of the elevated peristome sometimes

bear avicularia. From the “ scutiform area ’’ (which is really formed,

as shown by varieties, from a sinus which once extended into it from

the mouth) of the small ovicell no grooves appear to extend in this

case. The species is nearly related to C. ¢twbigera, Busk.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms.

CELLEPORA MAMMILLATA, Busk.

Cellepora mammillata, Busk, Cat. Mar. Polyz. Brit. Mus. p. 87,

pl. xx. figs. 3-5.

The specimen, which, owing to its growth over a pedicelled knoh

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 55

of calcareous substance, is button-like in shape, agrees in its ma-

millation with the type specimen, but, instead of being white or

grey, is dark brown, almost of the colour of C. fusca, Busk. It dif-

fers from the type in not showing the hood-like enlargements of the

rostrum (possibly ocecia) which occur “at intervals in that spe-

cimen ; the rostra taper elegantly to a point, instead of being blunt ;

the spines, described as at the opposite side of the mouth, and which

appear to be ‘‘spathulate”’ avicularian rostra, are present in much

greater numbers here, and generally at the sides of the mouth—not

at the opposite end to the rostrum. The surface of the cell is per-

forated by immense numbers of small punctures with regularity ;

this is also the case in the type specimen, though not described or

figured in loc. cit. As the original specimen has somewhat the ap-

pearance of having been partially bleached, its original colour very

likely approximated to that of the specimen now described.

Hab. Victoria Bank, off S.E. Brazil, 33 fathoms.

CELLEPORA TURRITA, Smitt.

Lepralia turrita, Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, in K. Svensk. Akad.

Handl. (n. s.) xi. p. 65, pl. xi. figs. 226-228.

A single specimen, consisting of a stout cylindrical branch with

incipient smaller branches, 17 millims. long by 5 in greatest breadth,

stout, tapering to a blunt point. The number of distinct marginal

tuberosities varies from two to four; and they are unequal in size, one

being generally of especial stoutness; and one, a mere inequality,

bears a horizontal avicularium of some size; the large strong spa-

thulate avicularia are numerous in the somewhat large spines between

the zocecia, and occasional small sessile ones occur in the walls of the

cells; the ovicells, which are numerous, bear small scattered punc-

tures.

This form differs somewhat from Smitt’s specimens, chiefly in the

ramose instead of sessile habit ; the cells appear to be less crowded,

and the number of spines less constant, while the marginal avicula-

rium forms a constant character.

Hab. Victoria Bank, off S.E. Brazil, 33 fathoms ; broken from

larger colony.

CELLEPORA DICHOTOMA, Hincks.

Cellepora dichotoma, Hincks,Aun. N. H., ser. 3, ix. p. 305, pl. xii.

figs. 7, 8.

Two specimens, respectively about 3 and 3 inch high. The smaller

is the more slender, and shows approximately dichotomous branching ;

the other is less regular. In the smaller one the margin of the

mouth is well defined, though sometimes produced into a few points

besides the low rostrum ; the avicularia are circular and slightly ele-

vated. In the larger specimen the projections round the mouth are

‘onger, and the avicularia are sometimes spatulate.

Hab. Victoria Bank, S.E. Brazil, 33 fathoms,

56 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

CycLOSTOMATA.

IpMONEA MILNEANA, d’Orbigny.

Idmonea milneana, @’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. mérid. p. 20, pl. ix.

figs. 17-21; Busk, Cat. Mar. Polyz. Brit, Mus. pt. iii. p. 12,

1. Xi.

‘ Tubulipora transversa, Lamarck ?, Anim, s. Vert. (1) il. p. 162.

Idmonea transversa, M.-Edwards?, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) ix. p. 218,

pl. ix. fig. 3.

This is certainly the species described and figured by Busk. His

description requires emendation by the substitution of “thin” for

‘“‘thick’? as a character of the margin of the cells, and by the

insertion of ‘a long backwardly directed spine on the hack of the

main aud sometimes of the smaller branches.’ One such spine, and

perhaps the trace of another, broken off, occurs on the specimens

already in the Museum. In the two reiatively smaller specimens in

this collection they are more abundant ; in one case the two primary

divisions of the stem each bears one; and of their branches, one of

the one and doth of the other bear them. They are strong; and the

maximum length appears to be about 3 millims. As pointed out by

Haswell (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, iv. p. 351) in a specimen

assigned by him with doubt to this species, the “dots” of Busk’s

description are certainly raised. But the truth lies between the two ;

for they are also perforated in their centre in the original British-

Museum specimen and the Magellan one. The alternating character

of the lateral series of cells, which is very slightly marked in the

Patagonian specimens alluded to (from which the account in the

British-Museum Catalogue was in part written), and which is almost

lost sight of in d’Orbigny’s account, is here strongly marked. The

longitudinal striation and the concentric lines on the back are also

well marked here.

Hab. Tom Bay, near Madre-de-Dios Islands, S.W. Chili, 0-30

fathoms, embedded in base of a horny Sponge, partially overgrown

by Lepralia monoceros and a creeping calcareous Sponge.

Obs. This may possibly prove, as Busk says, to be I. transversa,

Milne-Edwards ; but the habit of growth as figured by M.-Edwards,

and the locality (Mediterranean) as given by Lamarck, are against

the idea.

Smitt, in his ‘Floridan Bryozoa,’ remarks on this species that

the typical number of cells in the transverse rows is ¢hree, varying

to two or even one in the lower parts. In the present specimens:

the number never falls below three, and is as often four as three,

if not oftener. He has also observed “ radiciform pillars” at the

back of the branches of one of his specimens; but there their ends

were expanded into clasping processes and attached it to a foreign

body, whereas in the Chilian specimen they end simply.

Driasrorora PATINA, Lamarck.

Tubulipora patina, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert. (2) ii. p. 244.

Diastopora patina, Smitt. Gify. K. Vetens. Ak. Férh. 1866,

p- 397, pl. viii. figs. 13-15.

1 881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 57

The erect portion of the cell appears to be obscurely annulated,

a very slight annular depression connecting the serially arranged

puncta. A somewhat injured dry specimen on indurated clay.

Hab. Lat. 50° 35! S., long. 66° 31' W. (open sea off S.E. Pata-

gonia), 58 fathoms.

LICHENOPORA GRIGNONENSIS, Busk. (Plate VI. fig. 2.)

Tubulipora grignonensis, Milne-Edwards?, Mém. Tubulipores,

Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) viii. p. 333, pl. xiii. fig. 2.

Discoporella grignonensis, Busk, Crag Polyzoa, p. 116, pl. xx.

fig. 4.

ee noe, Defrance ; Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 471.

Zoarium simple, closely adnate. Lamina very narrow, thin, almost

entirely occupied by ridges indicating rudimentary zocecia. Zoa-

rium strongly convex from the centre to the lamina, circular in

outline. Zocecia partially arranged in radiating series (the series

generally interrupted by the occurrence of intermediate cells) around

a small central space ; orifices raised, considerably so near the centre ;

the entire front of the peristome wanting, posterior part horseshoe-

shaped, margin obscurely roughened ; sides faintly ridged longitu-

dinally, and bearing from three to about ten seattered delicate pointed

spines not exceeding half the diameter of the cell in length. Inter-

spaces between zocecia and the central area crossed by a network of

trabeculze, enclosing polygonal spaces with rounded angles; those

between the zocecia vary in diameter from one half the breadth to the

same breadth, that of the orifices of the zocecia, those in the centre

varying from that diameter to twice its size, and partially tympanized

by a calcareous septum with a central perforation; also from the

points of junction of the trabeculee which form them projects oc-

casionally a slender spine like those on the walls of the zocecia.

Oeecial orifice slightly raised, being surrounded by a thin, narrow,

forwardly sloping rim perforated by a single circle of about six

small punctures ; diameter of opening about twice that of a zocecium ;

margin finely dentate.

Hab. Sandy Point, 9-10 fathoms, on piece of a Selachian’s egg.

_ Four colonies occur, representing three different stages, the latest

with fifty-three or more well-developed zocecial openings, the

earliest with only about a dozen openings, scarcely raised above the

general surface, the lamina being about twice as broad as in the

oldest specimen. In this young specimen, too, the cancelli have

hardly appeared, the surface between the cells bearing only an occa-

sional puncture. The development of the spines can be traced from

a stage in which they are mere short blunt tubercles to that in which

they have the adult proportions. It is also interesting to note that

in the same stage (the middle one of the three here represented), in

which the zocecia are 2 millims. in greatest diameter, the longitudinal

ridges, so indistinct in the oldest specimen, project boldly trom the

zocecial wall and sometimes form prominent crenations on the margin.

The three young colonies have a somewhat oval outline; the older

58 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

one is almost perfectly circular ; it is 2} millims. in diameter, the

youngest is 1 millim. in greatest diameter.

Obs. The nearest recent ally of this species appears to be Disco-

porella complicata, Haswell (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. iv. p. 354),

from Port Jackson, New South Wales. It has the spines on the

wall of the cell and the trabecule with ¢heir spines; but the spines

are apparently found also between the cells. Its main points of

difference from this species are the roundness of the cell-orifice,

which has the peristome entire, and the presence of secondary can-

celli between the cancelli of the sides, of which no trace occurs here,

though, as has been described for this species, the central cancelli

are partially tympanized and have a secondary opening below.

In spite of the absence in the somewhat too small drawing given

by Milne-Edwards (J. c.) of the immense sinus which extends down

the front of the cell in the recent specimens, it is possible that his

species is identical with the present one, as with the power employed

by him it would not necessarily catch the eye. The median cycles of

tubes are depicted there as longer than in the recent specimens ; but

that is probably due to its being an older specimen. The peculiar

trabeculated structure of the surface is slightly indicated in his figure,

and the continuation of the rudimentary tubes onto the lamina is

distinctly insisted upon. Busk’s figures give a much better idea of

this species; but here again the trabecule between the cells are

much broader than in the recent specimen. The marginal spines

of the young cell probably represent the longer peristomial spines

of adult specimens of L. hispida, Fleming.

TUBULIPORA SERPENS, Linné.

Tubipora serpens, Linné, Syst. Nat. (12) p. 1271.

Alecto disposita, Hutton’, Cat. Mar. Mollusca N. Z. p. 103.

Tubulipora serpens, Busk, Cat. Polyz. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 25, pl. xxii.

Tdmonea serpens, Hincks, Hist. Brit. Mar. Polyz. p. 453, pl, Ixi.

figs. 2, 3, pl. lx. fig. 2.

Sometimes with a small bare lamina outside the zocecia. No

purple colour observed. Colour dead white, owing to the very

numerous minute punctures.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan, 6 fathoms; twenty-

five colonies or parts of colonies on a thin Fucus.

TUBULIPORA ORGANIZANS, d’Orbigny ?

Tubulipora organizans d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. mérid. Zooph.

p- 19, pl. ix. figs. 1-3.

Tubulipora organizans, Busk?, Phil. Trans. elxviii. p. 193, pl. x.

figs. 20-25.

This species appears to be represented by eighteen colonies or parts

of colonies ; they consist of broad elongated masses, either simple or

with branches of the same character given off laterally or grouped

round a common centre. The largest colony measures 8 millims. at

its greatest length. he lobes consist each of a broad flattened mar-

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT,’ 59

ginal portion and asuddenly rising median convex ridge, which only

occupies about one third of the total breadth of the lobe. A clear

space of about the breadth of a single cell is left down the middle

of the lobes ; and on each side of it are ranged the regular, outwardly

and forwardly diverging transverse lines of cells. These lines are

slightly but constantly subalternate, the line on the one side being

slightly in advance of or behind the corresponding one on the

other. The transverse lines on each side have from three to five

cells on the ridge and one or two on the horizontal lamina. The

cells project by a long perpendicular portion; they are subopaque

and white, the surface faintly marked with rings of growth; the

punctures are small and numerous and not prominent. The cells on

the ridge are variously united together, either three or two together,

but occasionally quite distinct; those on the lamina are distinct

from those of the ridge, and from each other. In the case of the

united cells the uniting substance connects them generally from their

mouths downwards. The transverse series of cells are wniserial, and

present no such trifoliate outline as is given by d’Orbigny’s figures

2 and 3, from which the present species also diverges by having a

distinct median line devoid of cells, as described above. A short

trumpet-shaped opening, observed near the end of a lobe, and

somewhat flattened, its long diameter being about twice that of

an ordinary cell, appears to represent the ocecial opening. The ends

of the lobes are not expanded as in 7. flabellaris (Busk).

This species does not correspond closely with d’Orbigny’s figures ;

but the chief difference is the linear, not trifoliate arrangement of the

triple groups of cells.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, on Fucus, with Tudbulipora

serpens, Schizoporella hyalina, and one or two other species of

Tubulipora, &e.

TUBULIPORA DICHOTOMA, d’Orbigny. var. nov. SERIALIS. (Plate

VI. fig. 10.)

Criserpia dichotoma, d’Orbigny, pars, Voy. Amér. mérid., Zooph.

p- 19, pl. ix. figs. 7-10.

Tubulipora dichotoma, Busk, Cat. Polyz. Brit. Mus, iii. p. 27.

Tubulipora organizans, Busk, Phil. Trans. clxvii. p. 193, pl. x.

figs. 20-25 (pars ?).

Colony convex, elongated, dichotomously branched or incipiently

symmetrically bifid; lobes rising from base with hardly any lateral

lamina ; cells extending across top of ridge, arranged in more or less

distinct transverse rows, cells distinct (rarely two may be seen joined)

from one another. Surface of colony subopaque, white, thickly

covered with minute punctures surrounded by salient rims, the cells

less thickly covered by similar punctures. Cells moderately thin,

curving suddenly upward so as to stand almost perpendicular, free

for a distance of from 3 to 5 diameters; opaque white, of moderate

diameter, faintly marked by concentric rings. Ends of lobes more

or less expanded and often swollen; at this part the tubes lose

most of their regular radiate arrangement,

60 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

Hab. Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan, 6 fathoms, on Fucus.

Three colonies or parts of colonies.

Obs. In some specimens the regularity of the arrangement of the

cells in transverse rows and the length of the free portion of the

cells is greater than in others. The most characteristic points appear

to be the moderate expansion of the head of the lobes, the continua-

tion of the transverse series of cells over the top of the ridge and

consequent absence of a median bare line, and the distinctness of the

cells in the rows. D’Orbigny’s figures represent the form with the

shorter cells and less regular transverse series of cells; the alterna-

tive form here described may be called var. sertalis in contrast. A

specimen assigned with doubt to this species consists of a broad

expanded lobe, and bears a flattened trumpet-shaped ocecial orifice

having exactly the characters of ‘that described above in 7. organizans,

d’Orbigny.

ENDOPROCTA.

PEDICELLINA AUSTRALIS, sp. n. (Plate VI. fig. 8.)

Individuals arranged with great regularity along the creeping

stolon, 1°8 millim. apart from each other. Length of pedicel and

body together about 2°5 millims., body 1 millim. Tentacles about 12

in number, subequal, length about half that of body, slender.

Pedicel, diameter (in glycerine, under cover-glass) just above

base *35 millim., tapering to about *25 when within 3 diameters

of the body, ultimately constricted to °1 millim. at junction with

body. Body subtransparent. Colour whitish, with the exception

of the stomach, which is yellowish. Shape of body subglobular

when closed, superior margin straight and crenated by about 60

small inequalities.

Stolon regular in its diameter, viz. ‘17 millim. A transverse

septum, of which, as in the case of that of the pedicel just below

the body, the cuticle forms a part, occurs at each side of the point

of origin of an individual, generally at about ‘5 millim. from this.

Examined. In spirit and in glycerine.

Hab. Sandy Point, in company with a Halecium, creeping over

large flexible worm-tube, 7-10 fathoms.

Obs. About a square inch or 13 inch of the tube is covered by

the creeping stolon ; the specimens are very well preserved in spirit ;

but, unfortunately, the individuals are all more or less closed. In

the cases in which the tentacles were extended, the disk was not

expanded ; so that the origin of the tentacles from it was uot clearly

seen. It is perhaps most closely allied to P. americana, Leidy, but

approaches most nearly to P. belgica, Van Beneden, of any of the

European species, as far as the account of that species goes.

It differs from the latter species in the proportiona! length of the

tentacles to the body, whichis only about 1: 2, as against the almost

1:1 of that species; in the proportional shortness of the pedicel

to the body, which is 1°5 millim. to 1 millim. against 2°85 millims. to

‘55 millim., which is the case in P. belgica. The individuals are 1°8

millim. from each other, arranged along the tubular stolon, and not

1881. THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 61

crowded into a “moss’’-like tuft as in P. belgica. ‘The absolute total

length is nearly one third less than that of P. belgica ; the stolon is of

regular diameter. There is no median dilatation of the pedicel. The

description of P. americana, Leidy (J. Ac. Philad. ili. p. 142) recalls

in some particulars the present form, viz. its smooth undilated

pedicels, the body with crenated border concentrically striated,

and the 12 tentacles; but it is only 4 of a line high, z. e. about *7

millim., whereas this is 1°5 millim. without the head; the relative

positions of the intestine and stomach in the figure differ from

those of our species.

_ The species described by Studer from Kerguelen Island (Archiv

f, Naturg. 1878, p. 124) as “‘ Pedicellina an nov. sp? Die Winder

der 2 mm. hohen gestielten Becher sind volkommen glatt ”’ is very

likely identical with P. australis. A species is also mentioned with-

out name by Joliet (Compt. Rend. 1879, Febr., p. 392), from the

island of St. Paul, north-east of Kerguelen Island.

CRUSTACEA.

By Epwarp J. Mirrs, F.L.S., F.Z.S.

(Plate VI1.)

The Crustacean fauna of the Straits of Magellan and of the adjacent

coasts aud islands has been more thoroughly investigated than that of

many other parts of the South-American continent, as, not to mention

various species described by Guérin-Méneville, Milne-Edwards,

White, and other authors, considerable collections were made in

these regions by the naturalists of the United-States Exploring Ex-

pedition under Commodore Wilkes, U.S.N., and described by Dana

in his great work’. More recently Dr. Cunningham has published

an account of the collections made by him during the voyage

of H.M.S. ‘ Nassau,’ wherein will be found a list, accompanied by

notes, of the Crustacea and Cirripedia, most of which were collected

on the southern, south-eastern, and south-western American coasts”.

The collection received from Dr. Coppinger contains, as was to

be anticipated, many species well known to science, but also several

which are apparently undescribed, and others of which the range has

not hitherto been ascertained to extend in a southerly direction as

far as the Magellan Straits ; moreover the localities, depth of water,

and the nature of the sea-bottom have in nearly all cases been

carefully noted.

The Crustacea of the Magellan Straits are essentially Antarctic in

character : many of the species are known to occur at New Zealand,

the Auckland and Kerguelen Islands, and, no doubt, range through-

out the whole extent of the Southern Ocean ; others, however, occur

on the Chilian coast or even further north. Although the Crustacea

1 U.S. Exploring Expedition, xiii., xiv., Crustacea, parts 1, 2 (1852, 1853).

2 Trans, Linn. Soe. xxvii. p. 465 (1871).

62 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

of Antarctic South America bear a great resemblance to those of the

Arctic Seas, and are in many cases congeneric with them, with a

few somewhat doubtful exceptions the same species do not occur in

the Northern and Southern seas’.

1 See, however, Lilljeborg, Nova Acta Soc. Upsaliensis, ser. 3, vi. (1866),

“ On the Lysianassa magellanica, M.-Edwards, &e.” I may add that Mr.T. W.

Kirk, Transactions New-Zealand Institute, xi. pp. 302-401 (1878), has recently

identified several Decapoda and Edriophthalmia occurring in the New-Zealand

seas with well-known North-European species; but his identifications seem to

me to require confirmation, as it is not stated whether they have been made

after comparison with European examples or from the descriptions of authors

only. Yet more recently, Mr. G. M. Thomson (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 4,

1880) has described a variety of the Arctic Husirus cuspidatus (which does not

differ sufficiently to be distinguished specifically) from Dunedin Harbour, New

Zealand,

Besides the Crustacea obtained on the South-American coasts, the following

species were dredged by Dr. Coppinger in the North Atlantic. Amongst them is

one apparently new to science, belonging to the very interesting genus Glau-

cothoé of Milne-Edwards, a genus previously unrepresented in the British-

Museum collection, and which, although Macruran in its organization, and

placed by Milne-Edwards and Dana in the Thalassinidea, presents many affinities

with the Paguridea, and is allied to the genus Pomatocheles described by me

(P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 49, pl. iii. fig. 2).

HERBSTIA OVATA.

Micropisa ovata, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 217 (1857); A. M.-

Edwards, N. A. Mus. H. N. iy, p. 51, pl. xvi. figs. 1, 2 (1868).

Two males and a female of this pretty little species were collected at St.

Vincent (Cape-Verds) on a sandy bottom. When received, although they had

been for some time in spirit, they were of a bright rose-colour.

GLAUCOTHO ROsTRATA, sp. u. (Plate VII. figs. 1-5).

Carapace as in the Pagurid, with the cervical and other sutures distinctly

marked, inflated over the branchial regions, and with a median, triangular, sub-

acute rostriform process; posteriorly the carapace is much broader than the

first postabdominal segment. The postabdominal segments are smooth; the

second to fifth narrowed on the sides, and these segments are each furnished

with a pair of simple articulated appendages; the ventral surface of the post-

abdomen is closed by a soft and membranaceous skin, as in the Paguridz. The

terminal segment is twice as long as broad, suboblong, rounded and fringed

with long plumose hairs at its distal end. The eyes are subcylindrical ; the an-

tennules are short, geniculated; and the flagellum is fringed with long hairs on

its under surface. The basal scale of the antennx is obsolete. The outer

maxillipedes are short and subpediform. ‘The anterior legs are equal, and ter-

minate in perfectly formed but rather slender chelz, the palms of which are

compressed, the fingers acute at their apices, and slightly denticulated on their

inner margins ; the second and third legs are slender, and reach considerably

beyond the first legs, their terminal joints being styliform and nearly straight;

the fourth and fifth legs are shaped as in the Paguride ; the penultimate joint

of the fourth legs is somewhat dilated and compressed, and armed with a series

of acute serrately disposed teeth on its inferior margin ; the dactylus is strong,

arcuate, and acute. The fifth legs are very slender, and the perfectly-formed

didactyle chelz with which they are terminated very small; the fingers are un- .

armed, and fringed on their outer surface with fine hairs. The terminal joint

of the second to fifth postabdominal appendages is fringed with long, flexible

plumose hairs. The rami of the uropoda are similarly ciliated, and unequal in

size, the inner and smaller being regularly oval, the outer suboblong and

obliquely truncated at its distal end. Length 4 inch.

re

P.Z.S.1881. Pl. VI.

J

¥

r,

+

:

Mintern Bros amp

‘ CRUSTACEA OF ‘ALERT’ SURVEY.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 63

Systematic List of the Species’.

DECAPODA,

1. Eurypodius latreillei, Guérin. Sandy Point, Puerto Bueno, Trinidad

Channel.

*2, Inachoides microrhynchus, M.-Hdw. and Lucas. Coquimbo.

3. Hpialtus dentatus, M.-Edwards. Trinidad Channel.

*4, marginatus, Bell. Taleahuano.

*5, Pugettia, sp. South Atlantic.

6. Pisoides edwardsii (Bell). Puerto Rosario, Trinidad Channel.

7. Cancer plebejus, Peeppig. Picton Channel, Talcahuano,

*8, edwardsii, Bell. Talcahuano.

——, var. annulipes, n. Trinidad Channel,

*10. Paraxanthus hirtipes, M.-Edw. and Lucas. Talecahuano.

*11, Actea rufo-punctata (M.-Edw.). Hotspur Bank, 8. Atlantic.

12. Platyonychus bipustulatus, M.-Edw. Trinidad Channel.

13. Peltarion spinulosum, White. Sandy Point, Cockle Cove, Puerto Bueno.

14. Gomeza serrata, Dana. Elizabeth Island, Trinidad Channel, Puerto

Rosario.

15. Acanthocyclus gayi, M.-Edw. and Lucas. Isthmus Bay.

*16. Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabr.). St.-Ambrose Island, 8. Pacific.

*17. Chasmognathus granulatus, Dana. Monte Video, Rat Island.

*18. Sesarma angustipes, Dana, ? Monte Video, Rat Island.

19. Halicarcinus planatus (Fabr.). Elizabeth Island, Cockle Cove, Sandy

Point, Trinidad Channel.

*20. Pinnixa transversalis, M.-Edw. and Lucas. Coquimbo.

*21. Hepatus chiliensis, M.-Edw. Coquimbo.

*22. Platymera gaudichaudii, M.-Edw. Coquimbo.

23. Lithodes antarcticus, Jacq.and Lucas. Puerto Bueno, Alert Bay, Trinidad

Channel, Neesham Cove.

24. Paralomis verrucosus (Dana). Puerto Bueno, Trinidad Channel.

25. Eupagurus comptus, White. Sandy Point, Cockle Coye, Puerto Bueno,

Puerto Rosario, Portland Bay.

26. Munida gregaria (Fabr.). Sandy Point, Cockle Cove, Trinidad Channel.

*27. Callianassa uncinata, Talcahuano.

28. Alpheus scabrodigitus (Dana). Portland Bay, Borja Bay, Trinidad

Channel,

29. ,sp. Portland Bay.

30. Pandalus paucidens. Tom Bay, Trinidad Channel.

The unique example, which is, I believe, a male and adult, was dredged at

Madeira, in 15-50 fathoms.

This species is distinguished from Glaucothoé peronii, M.-Edwards, by the

existence of a distinct rostriform process, the less-pyriform eyes, the equal cheli-

pedes, &e. G. peronii probably inhabited the Asiatic seas.

ScyLLARUS ARCTUS.

Cancer arctus, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1053 (1766).

Scyllarus arctus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 398 (1798) ; M.-Edwards, Hist.

Nat. Cr. ii. p. 282 (1837); White, List Brit. Cr. Brit. Mus. p. 30 (1850); wdé

synon,

: Cancer ursus minor, Herbst, Nat. Krabben, ii. p. 83, pl. xxx. fig, 2 (1796).

Arctus wrsus, Dana, Cr. U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. p. 516 (1852),

A specimen which I believe to be a very young example of this species was

dredged in the same locality as the Glaucothoé rostrata (@. e. at Madeira, in 15-

50 fathoms). The teeth of the median dorsal series are nearly obsolete, and

those of the anterior margin of the terminal antennal jointare blunt ; otherwise

this example resembles the adult S, arctws. Length barely ~ inch,

1 The species collected by Dr. Coppinger only at localities north of Patagonia

are distinguished by an asterisk.

64 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

STOMATOPODA.

31. Sguilla gracilipes, n. W. coast of Patagonia.

32. Pseudosquilla lessonii, M.-Edw. Coquimbo.

ANISOPODA.

33. Arcturus coppingeri, n. Trinidad Channel.

34. Serolis scythei, Liitken. Trinidad Channel.

IsopopA.

39. Idotea annulata, Dana. Port Henry.

36. Styloniscus magellanicus, Dana. Trinidad Channel, Tom Bay, Port

Henry, Cockle Cove.

37. Lironeca nove-zealandie, White (ined.), Miers. Portland Bay.

38. Alga punctulata, un. Wolsey Sound.

*39. Corallana acuticauda, n. Hotspur Bank.

40. Spheroma gigas. Sandy Point, Elizabeth Island, Silly Bay.

41. Dynamene darwinii, Cunningham. Elizabeth Island, Borja Bay.

CIRRIPEDIA.

42. Balanus levis, Bruguiére. Sandy Point.

Descriptions and Notes on Species.

DECAPODA.

EuRYPODIUS LATREILLEI.

Eurypodius latreillei, Guérin, Mém. du Muséum, xvi. p. 354,

pl. xiv. (1828) ; Icon. Crust. R. A. ii. pl. xi. fig. 1 (1829-44) ;

M.-Edw. H. N.C. i. p. 284 (1834); Cr. in Cuv. R. A. (ed. 3)

pl. xxxiv bis, fig. 1; Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. de Chile, iti, p. 123

(1849) ; Dana, Cr. in U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. p. 104, pl. iii. fig. 1

(1852) ; Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 491 (1871).)

Eurypodius tuberculatus, Eyd. & Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. Cr.

p- 221, pl. i. figs. 7-9 (1841).

Lurypodius audouinii, M.-Ed. & Lucas in @’Orbigny, Voy. Amér.

mérid. vi. Cr. p. 3, pl. i. figs. 1-6 (1843) ; Dana, Cr. 2. ¢. p. 104

(1852) ; Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. Chile, Zool. iii. p. 123 (1849) ;

Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soe. xxvii. p. 491 (1871).

Eurypodius septentrionalis, Dana, Amer. J. Sci. & Arts (ser. 2)

xl. p. 270 (1851); U.S. Expl. Exp. Cr. i. p. 101, pl. ii. fig. 6

(1852); Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. xxvii. p. 491

(1871).

Eurypodius brevipes, Dana, Amer. J. Sci. & Arts, xi. p. 270

(1851); Cr. Expl. Exp. xiii. 1, p. 193, pl. ii. fig. 7 (1852); Cun-

ningham, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. xxvii. p. 491 (1871).

I have been obliged to include all the specimens in the Museum

collection under the single heading of H. latreillei, because I find

myself unable to distinguish them by the characters usually employed

in descriptions, z. e. the comparative length of the penultimate and

antepenultimate joints of the ambulatory legs, the density of the pu-

bescence, the denticulations of the inner margins of the fingers, and

the tuberculation of the carapace. All of these characters appear to

be subject to considerable variation. There may possibly be two or

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 65

even more distinct species of this genus; but the series in the British-

Museum collection does not suffice to decide this question, by far the

greater number of specimens having been obtained at or near the

southern extremity of the American continent. Bell (Trans. Zool.

Soc. ii. p. 40, 1849) refers examples of Zurypodius from Brazil to

E. latreillei ; but I have seen no specimens from this locality.

In the great majority of specimens in the British-Museum col-

lection, the spines of the rostrum are robust, of moderate length, and

curve slightly downward; the spines on the branchial regions are

small or reduced to tubercles; and the penultimate joints of the

ambulatory legs are considerably dilated and longer than the ante-

penultimate joints. In younger individuals the joints of the legs and

rostral spines are slenderer. One adult male from Sandy Point, in

the series presented to the British Museum by Dr. Cunningham,

differs from all others in the collection in the greater development of

the anterior legs, in which the palm is turgid and the dactylus armed

with a very strong tubercle on its inner margin. In two examples

from Chili (one an adult male), which I at first thought might be

regarded as a distinct species, the branchial spines are somewhat more

developed, and the antepenultimate joints about equal the penulti-

mate joints in length, these latter being also less dilated than in

adult examples from the Straits of Magellan and Falkland Islands.

A better series of examples from Chili, however, is needed to prove

whether or not these characters are permanent. I have seen no ex-

amples in which the antepenultimate joints of the legs greatly

exceed the penultimate joints in length.

Dr. Cunningham in his Report (é. ¢. p. 491) retains no fewer

than four distinct species—Z. /atreillei, E. audouinii, L. septentrio-

nalis, and EF. brevipes.

The series collected by Dr. Coppinger includes :—several adult

males and females from Puerto Bueno, obtained at a depth of 4

fathoms, ona muddy bottom; a female and several young from Sandy

Point, at 7-10 fathoms; and one young individual obtained in

Trinidad Channel, at a depth of 30 fathoms.

INACHOIDES MICRORHYNCHUS.

Inachoides microrhynchus, Eydoux & Souleyet, Voy. Bonite,

Zool. Cr. p. 219 (1841); M.-Edw. & Lucas in d’Orbigny’s Voy.

Amér. mérid. vi. Cr. p. 4, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1843); Gay, Hist. de Chile,

Zool. iii. Cr. p. 126 (1849).

Xiphus margaritifére, Eyd. & Soul. Voy. Bonite, Zool. Cr. Atlas,

' pl. i. fig. 1 (1841).

Two males and a female were brought by Dr. Coppinger from

Coquimbo.

Both genus and species have been hitherto unrepresented in the

collection of the British Museum. ‘The adult male agrees very well

with Milne-Edwards and Lucas’s figure ; but the depressions separating

the regions of the carapace are not very strongly marked, as stated

in the description of these authors.

Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1881, No. V. ; 5

66 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

EPpImaALTUS DENTATUS.

Epialtus dentatus, M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 345 (1834);

Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. de Chile, iii. p. 131 (1849) ; Cunningham,

lc. p. 491 (1871).

Inachus mitis, Péppig, Arch. f. Naturg. ii. p. 141 (1836); Gay,

Hist. de Chile, iii. p. 125 (1849).

A single small female is in the collection, obtained on the beach

in Trinidad Channel. Its occurrence at various widely separated

localities on the coast of Chili is noted by Dr. Cunningham.

EPpiALTUS MARGINATUS.

Epialtus marginatus, Bell, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 173 (1835), Trans.

Zool. Soc. ii. p. 62, pl. xi. fig. 4, 2, pl. xii. ¢ (1841); Smith,

Trans. Conn. Ac. ii. p. 33 (1869).

A female and young male are in the collection, from Tal-

cahuano.

PUGETTIA, sp.

A single female example is in the collection, which is distinguished

from P. richii and P. gracilis, Dana, its congeners of the American

coast, as follows :—The body is somewhat more elongated and convex

on the gastric region ; the lateral expansions or lobes of the carapace

are but little prominent, forming small, subconical, acute teeth ;

the spines of the rostrum are slender and but little divergent. The

example is a small one ; and being of the female sex it would not

be desirable to constitute it the type of a new species. If distinct,

as is probably the case, it may be named P. australis.

It was obtained at a depth of 28 fathoms, on a bottom of black

sand, in lat. 36° 47'S., long. 55° 17' W., at the mouth of the Rio

de la Plata.

PIsoIDES EDWARDSI.

Hyas edwardsit, Bell, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 171 (1835), Trans.

Zool. Soe. ii. p. 49, pl. ix. fig. 5 (1841).

Pisoides tuberculosus, M.-Edw. & Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy.

Amér. mérid. vi. Crust. p. 11, pl. v. fig. 1 (1843); Nicolet, in

Gay’s Hist. de Chile, iii. p. 134 (1849); A. M.-Edwards, Crust. in

Miss. Scientif. Mexique, p. 75, pl. xvi. fig. 5 (1875).

Pisoides edwardsii, Dana, Cr. in U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. i. p. 87,

pl. i. fig. 2 (1852).

Two males were collected :—one at Trinidad Channel, at a depth

of 30 fathoms, on a sandy bottom; the other at Port Rosario, a

2-30 fathoms, on a bottom of sand and rock.

This is a very interesting addition to the Museum collection, as

both genus and species were hitherto unrepresented in it. It is one

of the few Magellan species having a considerable range to the

northward, having been obtained from Chili (Valparaiso), the Gala-

pagos, and Panama. Its occurrence in the Straits of Magellan is

now, I believe, for the first time recorded.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 67

The examples before me differ from the description of Edwards

and Lucas, in the third joint of the legs not being armed with

any prominent spines, and in this joint in the ambulatory legs

being less dilated and compressed; but this may probably be due to

the greater age of Dr. Coppinger’s specimens. The carapace is

densely pubescent; the chelee naked, and of a bright rose-colour.

Length of largest individual about 14 inch.

Two Californian species described with doubt as belonging to this

genus by Mr. Lockington, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. vii. pp. 66, 67 (1876),

under the names of Pisoides? celatus and P.? tumidus, belong, as I

learn from a MS. note of the author, to Microphrys—the former

being identical with Mierophrys platysoma, as noted by Streets and

Kingsley.

* CANCER PLEBEJUS.

Cancer plebejus, Péppig, Arch. f. Naturg. p. 134 (1836); A. M.-

Edwards, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. i. p. 188 (1865).

A young male individual was taken in Picton Channel, at a depth

of 6 fathoms, on a bottom of sand. Two females were dredged at

Talcahuano.

CANCER EDWARDSI.

Cancer edwardsii, Bell, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. p. 338, pl. xliv. (1835);

A. M.-Edw. N. Arch. Mus. H. N. i. p. 123 (1865) ; Cunningham,

i.e. p. 491 (1871).

Platycarcinus edwardsii, Gay, Hist. de Chile, iii. p. 144 (1849).

A young male was taken at Talcahuano, in which the coloration

is of the normal type.

CANCER EDWARDSI, var. ANNULIPES, n.

A young male was found on the beach in Trinidad Channel. In

its convex carapace, and in the form of the teeth of the antero-lateral

margins and of the anterior legs, this species agrees well with normal

specimens of the Chilian C. edwardsii. It differs, however, remarkably

in the coloration, which is very well preserved in the specimen (a

dried one). The prevailing colour is light yellow, varied with

blotches of dark purplish brown ; and the joints of the legs are regu-

larly annulated with broad bands of the same colour. Length

about 2 inches, breadth 3.

PaRAXANTHUS HIRTIPES.

Paraxanthus hirtipes, M.-Edw. & Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy.

Amér. mérid. vi. Crust. p. 18 (1843); Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. de

Chile, iii. p. 141 (1849).

A female is in the collection from Talcahuano.

I may take this opportunity of noting that two young specimens

received from Mr. Lockington, and labelled by him “ Xanthodes

hemphilliana,” appear to belong to this species. Mr. Lockington

has since identified the types of X. hemphilliana with Lophoxanthus

5*

68 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

bellus (Xantho bellus, Stimpson), to which species also his X. leuco-

manus is to be referred.

ACTHA RUFOPUNCTATA.

Xantho rufopunctatus, M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. 1. p. 389

1834).

Actea rufopunctata, A. M.-Edwards, N. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.

i. p. 268, pl. xviii. fig. 1 (1865); Heller, Cr. stidl. Europa, p. 70

(1865).

A female of very small size (breadth only 3 lines), but laden with

ova, is in the collection, which apparently belongs to this species.

A. rufopunctata, which was originally described from the Red Sea,

has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. Dr. Coppinger’s specimen

was dredged at a depth of 35 fathoms, amid coral on the Hotspur

Bank, lat. 17° 32! S., long. 35° 45! W. Hence (if the example be

correctly determined) it would appear that its range extends into the

South Atlantic.

PLATYONYCHUS BIPUSTULATUS.

Platyonychus bipustulatus, M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. i.

p. 437, pl. xvii. figs. 7-10 (1834) ; Gay, Hist. de Chile, ili. p. 148

(1849) ; A. M.-Edw. Arch. Mus. H. N. x. p. 413 (1861); Miers,

Zool. Kreb. & Terror, Crust. p. 2, pl. i. fig. 1 (1874); Cat. New-

Zeal. Crust. p. 32 (1876), wbt synon.

Platyonychus purpureus, Dana, Cr. U.S. Explor. Exped. xiii.

p. 291, pl. xviii. fig. 3 (1852); Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soc.

Zool. xxvii. p. 492 (1871).

A female individual was obtained in shallow water in Trinidad

Channel. Dr. Cunningham records it from Coquimbo and Luco

Bay; andit is widely distributed through the Chilian, Australian,

Indian, and Japanese seas.

PELTARION SPINULOSUM.

Atelecyclus spinulosus, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 1) xii.

p- 345 (1843). ;

Peltarion spinulosum, White, List Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 52 (1847) ;

Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. xiii. Crust. i. p. 304, pl. xviii. fig. 6

(1852); Cunningham, 7. c. p. 494 (1871).

Peltarion magellanicus, Jacq. & Lucas, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iit.

Crust. p. 83, pl. vill. fig. 1 (1853).

Several specimens of this common inhabitant of the Falkland

Islands and Patagonian seas were collected. The localities are: —Sandy

Point, 9-10 fathoms, bottom sand, one female; Cockle Cove, on a

muddy bottom, one male; Puerto Bueno, 2-7 fathoms, bottom

rocky, three females.

GoOMEZA SERRATA.

Gomeza serrata, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. Crust. i. p. 305,

pl. xviii. fig. 7 (1852).

A male of this species (which is probably rare, as it was not met

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 69

with by Dr. Cunningham) was obtained at Elizabeth Island in

6 fathoms, another in Trinidad Channel in 4 fathoms, and two others

in Puerto Rosario in 2-30 fathoms. Dana’s specimen was obtained

by Lieut. Case on the coast of Patagonia at a depth of 50 fathoms,

and was only 14 line in length; the length of the largest individual

collected by Dr. Coppinger is 5 lines. It was previously unrepresented

in the British-Museum collection.

ACANTHOCYCLUS GAYI.

Acanthocyclus gayi, M.-Edw. & Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér.

mérid. vi. Cr. p. 20, pl. xv. fig. 1 (1843); Nicolet in Gay’s Hist. Chile,

Zool. iii. Cr. p. 176 (1849); Dana, Cr. U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. p. 295,

pl. xviii. fig. 4 (1852); Heller, Reise der Novara, Crust. p. 70 (1865);

Cunningham, /. c. p. 494 (1871).

? Plagusetes elatus, Heller, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, xii.

p. 522 (1862).

A single male individual is in the collection, obtained on the beach

at Isthmus Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. It has long been known

as inhabiting the Chilian seas, and was taken by Dr. Cunningham

plentifully at Lota.

LEPTOGRAPSUS VARIEGATUS.

Cancer variegatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. i. p 450 (1793).

Grapsus variegatus, Latr. Hist. Crust. et Ins. vi. p. 71 (1803) ;

M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 87 (1837); Nicolet in Gay’s

Hist. de Chile, iii. p. 167 (1849); Miers, Cat. New-Zeal. Crust.

p- 36 (1876).

Grapsus personatus, Lam. Hist. Anim. sans Vert. v. p. 249 (1818).

Grapsus strigilatus, White, in Gray’s Zool. Miscell. p. 78 (1842).

Grapsus planifrons, Dana, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 249 (1851);

U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. Cr. i. p. 338, pl. xxi. fig. 3(1852) ; Cunning-

ham, /. c. p. 493 (1871).

Leptograpsus gayi, M.-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, Zool. xx.

p- 172 (1853).

Two females were obtained on the shore at the island of St.

Ambrose, in the South Pacific. This locality is of interest, as never

having been previously visited by the carcinological collector. This

species, however, is known to range from the Australian to the

Chilian seas.

CHASMOGNATHUS GRANULATUS.

Chasmagnathus granulatus, Dana, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 251

(1851); U.S. Exp]. Exp. xiii. Cr. i. p. 364, pl. xxiii. fig. 6 (1852);

M.-Edw. Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, Zool. xx. p. 200 (1853).

flelice granulata, Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad. ii. p. 37 (1869).

Three examples (males), in somewhat mutilated condition, were

collected at Rat Island, Monte Video. Dana’s specimens were from

Rio de Janeiro; from which locality are specimens in the British-

Museum collection, from the Smithsonian Institution. Professor

Smith (/. c.) gives Rio Grande as a locality for the species.

70 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

SESARMA ANGUSTIPES ’

Sesarma angustipes, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. xiii. Cr. i. p. 358,

pl. xxii. fig. 7 (1852) ?; Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. xxvii.

p- 493 (1871); Smith, Trans. Conn. Ac. ii. p. 37 (1869); nec

Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vii. p. 66 (1858).

To this species I refer, with considerable hesitation, a male

example collected at Rat Island, Monte Video, with Chasmognathus

granulatus. It is certainly not identical with specimens received

from the Smithsonian Institution, from Florida and the Tortugas,

under the name of S. angustipes (probably so named by Dr. Stimp-

son); but it appears to agree more nearly in the distinctly granulated

earapace and hand and mobile finger of the anterior legs with Dana’s

description than do these specimens. In these latter the hand and

fingers are nearly smooth, and the carapace is more convex toward

the antero-lateral angles. If the Floridan species be not the true

S. angustipes, Dana, it may be designated S. stimpsonii.

Dana gives merely South America as the habitat of S. angustipes.

Prof. S. I. Smith has pointed out that there can be little doubt

that Dana’s specimens were collected at Rio de Janeiro; a specimen

from this locality is also referred to this species by Dr. Cunningham,

which I have examined and find to be identical with the Monte-

Videan example. They come nearer to S. cinerea, Bose (of which

the Museum also possesses specimens from the Smithsonian Insti-

tution, from Carolina), being only distinguished by the more convex

and distinctly granulated carapace and strongly granulated hands.

HALIcaRCINUS PLANATUS-

Cancer planatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 446 (1793).

Halicarcinus planatus, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist xviii. p. 178,

pl. ii. fig. 1 (1846); Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. xxvii.

p- 492 (1871); Miers, Phil. Trans. elxviii. p. 201 (1879), ubi synon.

This widely spread inhabitant of the Antarctic region is very

common in the Straits of Magellan, where its occurrence at many

localities was noted by Dr. Cunningham. Dr. Coppinger’s specimens

were from Elizabeth Island, 6 fathoms, on a sandy bottom (two females);

Sandy Point, 9-10 fathoms (one female); Cockle Cove, 2-32 fathoms,

on a muddy bottom (one female) ; Trinidad Channel, 4 fathoms, on

a bottom of fine sand (one male and one young).

PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS.

Pinnotheres transversalis, M.-Edw. & Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy.

Amér. mérid. Cr. p. 23, pl. x. fig. 3 (1843); Gay, Hist. de Chile,

Zool. iii. Cr. p. 156 (1849) ; Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soe. Zool.

xxvii. p. 492 (1871)?

Pinniza transversalis, M.-Edw. Aun. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, Zool. p. 220

(1853).

A male of rather small size is in the collection from Coquimbo,

This example agrees exactly with the description of M.-Edw. and

Lucas in possessing small and tomentose chelipedes, a transverse

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 71

raised line on the posterior part of the carapace, and in the greatly

dilated semicircular terminal joint of the postabdomen. Larger

specimens from Sandy Point, named P. transversalis by Dr. Cun-

ningham, differ in the obsolescence of the transverse raised line on

the carapace, the considerably dilated chelipedes with denticulate

dactyli, and the smaller, more transverse terminal joints of the post-

abdomen, and seem to be more nearly allied to P. faba.

The differences may be due to age, or may be of specific value.

HEPATUS CHILENSIS.

Hepatus chiliensis, M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 117 (1837).

Hepatus chilensis, M.-Edw. & Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér.

mérid. vi. part i. Cr. p. 28, pl. xiv. fig. 1 (1843); Nicolet, in Gay’s

Hist. de Chile, Zool. iii. Cr. p. 174 (1849) ; Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp.

xiii. Cr. i. p. 395, pl. xxv. fig. 3 (1852); Kinahan, Journ. Roy.

Dublin Soe. i. p. 345 (1858); Heller, Reise der Novara, Cr. p- 70

(1865) ; Cunningham, /. c. p. 493 (1871); Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc.

p- 656 (1877).

Four males were collected at Coquimbo, at a depth of 4 fathoms,

on a sandy bottom. The coloration in all is of the normal type.

PLATYMERA GAUDICHAUDI.

Platymera gaudichaudii, M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Cr. ii. p. 108 (1837) ;

M.-Edw. & Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. mérid. Cr. p. 28, pl. xiii.

fig. 1 (1843); Gay, Hist. de Chile, Zool. iii. Cr. p. 172 (1849).

A young male was obtained at Coquimbo, length about 5 lines,

breadth (exclusive of lateral spines) about 7 lines. This example

differs from an adult male from Chili in the British-Museum col-

lection, in the form of the carapace, which in the young male is

much narrower in proportion to its length.

LiTHODES ANTARCTICUS.

Lithodes antarcticus, Jacq. & Lucas, Voy. Péle Sud, Zool. iii.

Cr. p. 90, pl. vii. fig. 1 and pl. viii. fig. 9 (1855) ; Nicolet, in Gay’s

Hist. Chile, Zool. iii. Cr. p. 182 (1849)'; Dana, Cr, U.S. Expl. Exp.

xill. p. 427, pl. xxvi. fig. 15 (1852); Cunningham, /. c. p. 494 (1871).

Two male examples of rather small size were collected—one from

Puerto Bueno in 4 fathoms, and the other from Neesham Cove,

Trinidad Channel, in shallow water; another and larger individual

is from Alert Bay, on the west coast of Patagonia. Dana records

this species from Fuegia, and Gay from Chiloe.

PARALOMIS VERRUCOSUS.

Lithodes verrucosus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. Cr. i. p. 428,

pl. xvi. fig. 16 (1852); Cunningham, /. c. p. 494 (1871).

Paralomis verrucosus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 231

(1858).

Four male individuals were collected at Puerto Bueno, at a depth

1 The figure in the Atlas of the ‘ Voyage au Pole Sud’ was published before

the description in Gay’s work,

ha ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

of 4 fathoms, amid rock and kelp, and anotber at Trinidad Channel.

Dana records it from Fuegia; and Dr. Cunningham met with it in

great numbers at the Tyssen Islands, Falkland Sound, and mm the

eastern portion of the Straits of Magellan.

The rostrum terminates in a spine, behind and above which are

two smaller spines.

In the Paralomis granulosus (Lithodes granulosus, Jacq. & Lucas)

the rostrum is described as very short, obliquely truncated, distinctly

curved downwards towards the base, and surmounted by three spini-

form tuberculated teeth; in other respects it closely resembles this

species, and, like it, inhabits the Straits of Magellan. Has the

rostrum been broken off in the specimen described ?

In a very young example from the Antarctic seas, in the British-

Museum collection, the granulated and wart-like turbercles of the

carapace are closely crowded together, so that none of the smooth

under surface is visible, and the spines of the legs are much smaller.

EvpaGuRUS COMPTUS.

Pagurus comptus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 122 (1847); id.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 2) i. p. 224 (1848).

Eupagurus comptus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 237

(1858); Miers, Zool. Erebus & Terr., Cr. p. 3, pl. ii. figs. 5, 5a

(1874).

Pagurus forceps, Cunningham, J. e. p. 495 (1871), nee Edwards.

To this species I refer nine specimens collected by Dr. Coppinger

at Sandy Poiut in 7-10 fathoms, inhabiting shells of the genera

Euthria, Natica, and Trophon ; also a specimen collected at Cockle

Cove, on a muddy bottom, depth 2-32 fathoms; one from Puerto

Bueno, at 4 fathoms; four obtained at Portland Bay on a hard

sandy bottom, depth 10 fathoms; and a young specimen obtained

at Port Rosario in 2-30 fathoms. These are the same species as

the individuals collected by Dr. Cunningham at Possession Bay and

Port Otway, in the Museum collection, and referred by him to P.

forceps. . forceps, however, appears to be distinguished by the

much shorter, broader, larger hand, and the much shorter and less

slender fingers of the left anterior leg. White’s typical specimen of

E. comptus was collected at the Falkland Islands.

Two varieties occur of this species. The typical form is readily dis-

tinguished by the form of the hand of the right anterior leg, which

(with the fingers closed) is of an ovate shape, narrower distally, finely

granulated externally, with a prominent granulated ridge on the

upper surface of the palm, and the ridges on its outer surface very

indistinct ; the arm has a granulo-spinulous line on its upper margin ;

the smaller hand is somewhat trigonous, with the fingers scarcely

longer than the palm; and the second and third legs are annulated with

red. Toit belong, besides White’s typical specimen, the one collected

by Dr. Coppinger at Puerto Bueno and one of those obtained by

Dr. Cunningham at Possession Bay. In the other, and apparently

commoner variety, the larger hand is shorter, of a much more oblong-

ovate form, the granulous ridges on the outer surface of the palm

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.” 73

are more distinct, and its lower margin is distinctly granulated. This

variety may be designated Eupayurus comptus, var. latimanus.

MunIDA GREGARIA.

Galathea yregaria, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 473 (1793).

Grimothea gregaria, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. xviii. p. 50 (1820);

M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 277 (1837); id. in Cuv. R. A.

(ed. 3), Atlas, pl. xlvii. fig. 2; Dana, Cr. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 483,

pl. xxxi. fig. 1 (1852); Cunningham, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. xxvii.

p- 496 (1871).

Munida subrugosa, Dana, 1. ¢. p. 479, pl. xxx. fig. 7 (1852);

Miers, Zool. Erebus and Terror, Cr. p. 3, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1874); id.

Cat. New-Zeal. Crust. p. 68 (1876).

Galathea subrugosa, Cunningham, /. c. p. 495 (1871).

In the ‘ Catalogue of New-Zealand Crustacea,’ I adduced certain

reasons for believing that the Munida subrugosa of White and or

Dr. Cunningham is nothing but the mature state of the long-known

and exceedingly common Patagonian species Grimothea gregaria,

Fabricius. There is considerable variation between younger and

older individuals in the length of the external maxillipedes, spines of

the antero-lateral angles of the carapace, and of the anterior legs. In

the typical specimens of M. subrugosa from the Auckland Islands the

rostrum is relatively longer and the antero-lateral marginal spines

somewhat less numerous (7-8) than in the Patagonian form ; but

the Museum has received adult specimens from New Zealand which

agree in all respects with examples from the Magellan Straits. I

was formerly inclined to think that the specimens referred by Dana

to M. subrugosa belonged to a distinct species ; but the larger series

of specimens now before me would seem to show that I was wrong

in that conclusion,

The examples collected by Dr. Coppinger are from Sandy Point

(seven females and one male), depth 7-10 fathoms, bottom sand and

dead acorn-shells ; Cockle Cove, 2-32 fathoms, bottom mud (male,

female, and young); Trinidad Channel, 4 fathoms (four males), bottom

sandy (in this locality it was seen in great shoals).

The males are generally of smaller size than the females.

CALLIANASSA UNCINATA.

Callianassa uncinata, M.-Kidwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 310,

pl. xxv. dis, fig. 1 (1837) ; Gay, Hist. de Chile, iii. p. 208 (1849) ;

A. M.-Edw. Ann. Sci. Nat. (ser. 4) xiv. p. 301, pl. xvi. fig. 1 (1860);

id. N. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. vi. p. 23 (1870) ; Cunningham, J. ¢.

p- 494 (1871).

A single specimen, obtained at Talcahuano.

AuruHeEus (BeTaus) SCABRODIGITUS.

Beteus scabrodigitus, Dana, Cr. U.S. Explor. Exped. xiii. p. 560,

pl. xxv. fig. 12 (1852); Cunningham, J. c. p. 496 (1871).

A male which I refer to this species was collected at Portland

Bay at a depth of 10 fathoms ; another male and a female, plentifully

74 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [ Jan. 4,

laden with ova in an advanced stage, in Trinidad Channel; and an

adult male and female at Borja Bay, in 14 fathoms.

In these specimens the larger hand is somewhat slenderer and the

fingers less incurved than in Dana’s figure; and it is worthy of note

that the hand is nearly as much developed and the tubercles of the

fingers are as large in the female as in the examples I believe to be

males.

The specimens referred to A. scabrodigitus by Dr. Cunningham

differ even more markedly from Dana’s figure in the much longer,

slenderer hand and the entire absence of tubercles on the inner

margins of the fingers, and, it is very possible, may belong to a

distinct species; they are, moreover, of much larger size.

ALPHEUS, sp.

A specimen of an Alpheus was obtained at Portland Bay, at a

depth of 10 fathoms, on a bottom of hard sand, which I will not

regard as the type of a distinct species, on account of its small size.

It appears to belong to the same section of the genus and to be

nearly allied to 4. euchirus, Dana. Like it, the orbits are spinuliferous,

and the upper and lower margins of the larger hand are notched;

the smaller hand is also notched on its upper and lower margins,

and the dactylus is flattened, ovate, and clothed with long hairs;

there is a spine at the distal end of the third (but not the second)

joint of the third and fourth pairs of legs.

PANDALUS PAUCIDENS, sp. n. (Plate VII. figs. 6, 7.)

Carapace with a prominent antennal and a very small pterygo-

stomian spine. Rostrum slender, slightly longer than the antennal

scale, about $-toothed ; four of the dorsal teeth are on the carapace

in a median series ; the distal end of the rostrum is directed upward,

and is without teeth on its upper margin. Antennules considerably

longer than the rostrum. The postabdomen is strongly geniculated

beyond the third segment, which is unarmed on its dorsal surface.

The terminal segment in one specimen is broader, and its apex is

imperfect ; in the other it is very narrow and elongated, reaching

nearly to the end of the slender and narrow uropoda, and is tipped

with four cilia at its extremity. The outer maxillipedes (in the larger

individual) are robust, and reach (when thrown forward) slightly

beyond the antennal scale ; their terminal joints are slightly hairy.

The styliform terminal joints of the first legs are very slender and

acute. The rami of the uropoda are margined with long ciliz, and are

rounded at their distal ends ; the outer ramus is rather the broader,

with the sides parallel, the inner has the sides slightly convergent

to the apex. Length of larger specimen to end of rostrum rather

more than 14 inch.

Two individuals, apparently males, were collected :—one at Tom

Bay, on a bottom of rock, kelp, and mud; the other in Trinidad

Channel, in 30 fathoms, on a sandy bottom.

This species is principally distinguished by the small number of

teeth arming the margins of the rostrum. In the P. pubescentulus,

1881].] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT. 79

Dana, from the Straits of Da Fuca, Oregon, the rostrum is ~-toothed,

and in the P. dane of Stimpson from Puget Sound, California,

3 3-toothed; in Pandalus franciscorum, Kingsley, also a Californian

species, 7 2-3-toothed, and in P. gurneyi, Stimpson, ** toothed.

In most of the species of the genus the teeth are much more nume-

rous. In one species, however, the P. leptorhynchus of Stimpson

(the only one, so far as I am aware, besides P. paucidens, described

from the Southern hemisphere) the rostrum is only 3-toothed; its

habitat is Port Jackson, in Australia.

STOMATOPODA.

SQUILLA GRACILIPES, sp. n. (Plate VII. fig. 8.)

I designate by the above name a specimen (young male) from

the west coast of Patagonia, which is allied in nearly all its characters

to Squilla armata, but is distinguished by the more numerous spines

of the dactyli of the raptorial limbs (which are ten in number), the

obsolescence of the median and submedian and faint definition of the

lateral carinze of the first to sixth postabdominal segments, and the

form of the terminal segment, which is as long as broad, smooth on

its upper surface, with the median carina less distinctly marked, and

with about 26 denticles between the submedian marginal spines

and about 18 on each side between these and the first lateral spines.

The outer spine of the distal prolongation of the base of the uropoda

is relatively much shorter than in 8. armata. Length 3+ inches.

PsEUDOSQUILLA LESSONII. -

Squilla cerisii, Guérin, Voy. Coquille, Crust. p. 40, pl. iv. fig. 1

(1830), S. lessonzi on plate.

Squilla spinifrons, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 6 (1832).

Squilla lessonii, M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Cr. ii. p- 527 (1837) ;

White, List Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 84 (1847).

Squilla monoceros, M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 526

(1837); Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool. iii. Cr. p. 224 (1849).

Pseudosquilla lessonii, Dana, Cr. U.S. Exp]. Exp. xiii. i. p. 622

(1852) ; Miers, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 5) v. p. 113 (1880).

Pseudosquilla marmorata, Lockington, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. p. 33

(1877).

A male and female were collected at Coquimbo.

ANISOPODA.

ARCTURUS COPPINGERI, sp. n. (Plate VII. fig. 9.)

The body is robust, and broadest at the fourth thoracie segment,

and is everywhere covered with close-set granules. Head with the

anterior margin deeply excavated. The median portion of each of

the thoracic segments is elevated, and forms a transverse ridge ex-

tending to the lateral margins of the segment; the ridge so formed

is narrowest in the middle, but at the lateral margins covers nearly the

76 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

whole surface of the segments. The first and thesecond postabdominal

segments are similarly ridged, but firmly united together; the ter-

minal portion (formed of the coalescent remaining segments) is ovoid,

more closely and distinctly granulated than the rest of the body,

and terminates in two acute spines. ‘The eyes are placed in the

lateral margins of the head. Antennules very small. Antenne a

little longer than the body, with the last two joints of the peduncle

about equal; flagellum short, 9-jointed, the first joint as long as the

three following. The inferior margins of the last three joints of the

first to fourth pairs of legs (which increase successively in length)

are clothed with long close hairs. The dactyli of the fifth to seventh

legs are strong and slightly arcuated. The operculiform posterior

pair of postabdominal appendages are granulated on their outer

surface. Length 1 inch (exclusive of antenne).

A single female was obtained, at a depth of 30 fathoms, in Trinidad

Channel, on a sandy bottom.

This beautiful species is at once distinguished by the strongly

granulated body and the spines of the last postabdominal segment.

On account of the extreme brevity of the fourth segment of the

body, it would be placed in the subgenus Leachia were the character

valid even as a specific distinction; but the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, xv. p. 187, 1875) has pointed

out that in the case of Arcturus lineatus this segment, which is

elongated in the adult, is shorter in the young individual; there

can be no doubt therefore that Arcturus and Leachia must be

united.

SEROLIS SCYTHEI.

Serolis scythei, Liitken, Naturhist. Vidensk. Medelelser, p. 98,

pl. i. a. figs. 12, 13 (1858); Grube, Arch. f Naturg. xli. pp. 209,

220, pl. v. fig. 1. pl. vi. fig. 1 (1875).

Two males were obtained in Trinidad Channel, Straits of Magellan,

at 30 fathoms; and an adult female with ova, together with eight

smaller individuals, in 4 fathoms, at the same locality.

It is very nearly allied to 8S. paradoxa, Fabr. (S. fabricii, Leach),

which I have regarded as identical with 8. orbignyana, M.-Edwards,

and which is very common at the Magellan Straits and Falklands—

but appears to be constantly distinguished by the much greater

length of the cox, which in the second postabdominal segment

reach nearly to the end of the terminal segment.

IsOPODA.

IpoTEA ANNULATA?

’ Idotea annulata, Dana, Crust. U.S. Explor. Exped. xiv. p. 701,

pl. xlvi. fig. 3 (1853); Cunningham, J. ¢. p. 499 (1871).

To this species I refer, with some hesitation, four specimens col-

lected at Port Henry. They are of a uniform chestnut-brown

colour ; the anterior margin of the head is straight or very slightly

excavated ; the eyes are rather prominent, and situated on the sides

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S, ‘ALERT.’ 77

of the head ; the flagellum of the antennze is 7-jointed, the last two

joints being little smaller than the preceding, and the terminal seg-

ment regularly rounded at its distal end. Dana’s specimens were

obtained in the Antarctic seas south of Australia.

Idotea argentea, Dana, which is apparently distinguished by its

colour and the form of the last two joints of the antennze, is never-

theless very nearly allied to this species.

SryLONISCUS MAGELLANICUS.

Styloniscus magellanicus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. xiv. Cr. ii.

p- 736, pl. xlviii. fig. 7 (1852).

One example of this curious little land Isopod was obtained on

shore at Trinidad Channel, one at Port Henry, one from Cockle

Cove, and one from the midden-heap of a Fuegian hut in Tom Bay.

LIRONECA NOVZ-ZEALANDIA.

Lironeca nove-zealandie, White, List Cr. Brit. Mus. p- 106

(1847) descript. nulla; Miers, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4) xvii.

p. 227 1876); id. Cat. New.-Zeal. Crust. p. 106, pl. iii. fig. 2

(1876).

A female specimen was found attached to the mouth ofa fish in

Portland Bay, Straits of Magellan. Hence it is probable that this

species, like so many of the New-Zealand fauna, ranges throughout

the Antarctic region.

L. nove-zealandi@ is nearly allied to LZ. lata, Dana, from the

Sandwich Islands, but is distinguished by its less prominent head,

which is more deeply encased in the first segment of the body, and

by the shorter rami of the uropoda, which are nearly equal in size to

one another, and more acute than in L. data.

AGA PUNCTULATA, sp. n. (Plate VII. figs. 10-12.)

Body convex, closely punctulated ; posterior margins of the seg-

ments of the thorax and of the postabdomen clothed with scattered

hairs. Head transverse; the coxal joints or so-called epimera of

the second to sixth thoracic legs with the postero-lateral angles

acute, but not prolonged backward, and with the margins slightly

hairy. Postabdominal segments (the terminal excepted) very short ;

terminal segment somewhat hairy, smooth and unarmed, narrowing

posteriorly, and rounded at its distal extremity. Eyes (when viewed

from above) oblong, and extending along the lateral margins of the

head, but not along the anterior margin. Antennules short, reaching

to the postero-lateral angles of the head, with the first and second

joints considerably dilated. Antenne short, scarcely reaching to

the postero-lateral angles of the first thoracic segment ; flagellum 18 -

20-jointed. Penultimate joint of the first three pairs of thoracic limbs

without any process; dactyli strongly curved and acute. Rami of

the uropoda unequal ; the inner largest at its distal end and trun-

cated, the outer narrow-ovate and rounded. Length about 1 inch

2 lines.

78 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

A single specimen was found attached to the fins of a mullet-like

fish in Wolsey Sound, in the Straits of Magellan.

This species externally somewhat resembles Pterelas magnificus,

Dana, but is destitute of the hatchet-like process on the penultimate

joint of the first three pairs of legs.

Alga belliceps, Stimpson, a Californian species, is distinguished

by its more pointed head, and by having only five distinguishable

postabdominal segments ; it is somewhat insufficiently characterized.

Alga nove-zealandie, Dana, is very briefly characterized, but is

distinguished by the much longer antennze, which in 4ga punctulata

are not longer than the breadth of the head. The two American

species described by Lockington as Aga harfordi and Aga alas-

kensis do not, I believe, belong to this genus ; the former is probably

a species of Cirolana.

CoRALLANA ACUTICAUDA, sp. n. (Plate VII. fig. 13.)

Body convex, segments punctulated; the last two thoracic seg-

ments and the postabdomen hairy. Head transverse; produced

anteriorly into a small median rostriform lobe that projects between

the bases of the antennules. Segments of the body subequal and

rounded, and not produced at the postero-lateral angles; first seg-

ment with its antero-lateral angles rounded and somewhat produced

anteriorly beneath the lateral margins of the head. Five segments

of the postabdomen are exposed (but scarcely distinguishable, on

account of the pubescence with which they are covered) ; the third

segment is produced on each side into a truncated and emarginate

postero-lateral lobe ; the terminal segment is rather small, triangu-

late, covered above with short, dense, close pubescence, but with a

smooth, naked, longitudinal median line. Eyes large, black, distinctly

faceted, and situate on the sides of the head. Antennules contiguous

at base, their basal joints considerably enlarged posteriorly (but not

anteriorly produced beyond the plane of the head), inserted into

semicircular cavities in the anterior margin of the head ; the follow-

ing joint slender; flagellum short, not reaching to the posterior

margin of the head. Antenne not in contact at their bases (which

are concealed beneath the enlarged basal joints of the antennules),

with the first three joints short, the fourth and fifth subequal, longer

and slender ; flagellum reaching to the posterior margin of the third

segment of the body. The coxe of the second and third legs are small

and rounded posteriorly, those of the following legs larger, with the

postero-lateral angles acute. The rami of the uropoda spring from

a broad base (which is produced at its distal and internal angle into

a strong acute lobe) ; the outer ramus is slender and acute, the inner

broad but narrowing to an acute apex ; both are ciliated on the mar-

gins. Length 7 lines.

The single example (a female) was dredged amid coral in 35 fathoms,

on the Hotspur Bank (S. Atlantic) in lat. 17° 32! S., long. 35°

45! W.

This species is distinguished from the various oriental forms enu-

merated by Schiddte and Meinert, Nat. Tidskr. 3 R. pp. 286, 299

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 79

(1879), by the form of the terminal segment, which is acute at its

distal end, and the greatly dilated basal joints of the antennules;

the outer ramus of the uropoda is not larger than the inner; the

frontal interantennulary process is obsolete.

SPH ROMA GIGAS.

Spheroma gigas, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. xii. p. 346 (1818); M.-

Edwards, Hist. Nat. Cr. iii. p. 205 (1840); Miers, Cat. New-Zeal.

Crust. p. 110 (1876).

Several specimens, all of small size, of this species, which is very

common in the Straits of Magellan and at the Falkland Islands, and

also occurs at the Auckland Islands and New Zealand, were collected

by Dr. Coppinger at Elizabeth Island (6 fms.) Sandy Point (9-10 fms.)

on a sandy bottom, and an adult male at Silly Bay.

DYNAMENE DARWINII.

Cymodocea darwinii, Cunningham, J. c. p. 499, pl. lix. fig. 1

(1871).

Two examples were obtained by Dr. Coppinger at Elizabeth

Island (6 fathoms), ona sandy bottom. It appears to be rare, as Dr.

Cunningham met with it only on the north coast of Eastern Fuegia and

in very small numbers. An adult example collected by Dr. Cun-

ningham, and preserved in the Museum collection, is a male. The

larger of the two obtained by Dr. Coppinger at Elizabeth Island is

apparently a female, and is of a bright rose-colour. In a small

example from Borja Bay (14 fathoms) the tubercle on the dorsal sur-

face of the terminal segment is less developed and the lateral lobes

of the fifth thoracic segment scarcely thickened.

CiIRRIPEDIA.

BALANUS L&VIS.

Balanus levis, Bruguiére, Encycl. Méth. pl. elxiv. fig. 1 (1789);

Darwin, Monog. Cirripedia, Balanide, p. 227, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1854),

ubi synon.

Several clusters of this species, which is very common and abundant

in the Magellan Straits, were collected at Sandy Point, at a depth of

7 fathoms, adhering to shells &c. All are of the typical variety.

Its range, according to Darwin, extends northward to Chili, Peru,

and California’.

1 Besides the species enumerated above, there are in the collection four small

specimens of a species of Amphipoda, allied in many of its characters to Oreho-

mene, obtained at Hlizabeth Island in 6 fathoms, and four specimens of a

Caligus (not the C. chemichthys, Cunningham) taken from a sea-water fish at

Puerto Bueno, in rather bad condition, which I do not venture to describe ; also,

among the surface-dredgings made at various localities in the North and South

Atlantic, larval stages of several species of Decapoda and Stomatopoda and a

few species of oceanic Copepoda,

80 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

VII. COLEOPTERA.

By Cuas. O. WaTeRHOUSE.

CaRABID&.

1. Carasus suTuRALIs, Fabr. Syst. El. i. p. 238.

Four specimens from Neesham Cove, Cockle Cove, Elizabeth

Island, and Swallow Bay.

2. BRACHYCG@LIA CONCOLOR, Sp. 0.

Cyaneo-nigra, subtus nigra, levis, nitida ; antennis pedibusque

piceo-nigris ; elytris striatis, striis fere levibus. Long. 8% mill.,

lat. 4 mill.

Very close to B. virescens, G. R. Waterh., but smaller, darker in

colour, and with the antennee and legs nearly black. Thorax

nearly of the same form, transverse, gently arcuate at the sides, but

with the posterior angles very slightly turned outwards and slightly

acute. The elytra are a little more ovate; 7. e. the broadest part is

rather further from the apex than in B. virescens ; each elytron has

nine striae, the five dorsal ones moderately strongly impressed and ex-

tending nearly to the apex, with no proper punctuation, the interstices

slightly convex, especially the fifth ; the sixth and seventh striz are

less distinct, and the eighth is only visible posteriorly ; the ninth is

very distinct and hasa series of distinct punctures. The prosternum

has a well-marked lanceolate impression between the coxze, very similar

to that in B. virescens. The median impressed line on the thorax

is shorter than in the specimens of B. virescens, rather broader in

front, and terminating rather abruptly some way from the anterior

margin. The anterior and intermediate tarsi are dilated in the same

way as in B. virescens.

A single male example taken at Puerto Bueno.

3. CasceLLius GRAVES, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 183,

pl. 15. f. B.

Cascellius nitidus, G. R. Waterh. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. vi.

1841, p. 255.

A careful examination of the type specimens of Cascellius gravesii,

Curtis, and C. nitidus, Waterh., has convinced me that they are

varieties of the same species. The striz of the elytra vary very

much, being sometimes almost effaced, and sometimes broken up

into well-marked elongate impressions. It was this last form which

my father considered the true C. gravesii, and from which he sepa-

rated C. nitidus as distinct. The type specimen of C. gravesit, how-

ever, has the strie lightly impressed. The series of specimens in

the British Museum show the intermediate forms.

Dr. Coppinger took a single specimen at Puerto Bueno’.

1 Tt may be well to note here that Cascellius kingti, Curtis, .c. p. 183,

pl. xv. f. A (omitted from Gemminger and y. Harold’s Catalogue of Coleoptera),

is the same as Feronia (Creobius) eydouxti, Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1838, p. 4,

t. 225. f.2. Hope’s paper was read on May Ist, 1888.

1681.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.” 81

4. AnTARCTIA GLAUCA, Blanch. Voy. Pole Sud, iv. p. 39, t. 3.

f. 4.

Three specimens which, from description, appear to be referable to

this species. They were taken at Sandy Point on January 8th, 1879.

Dytiscip&.

5. Ruaytus parwinu, Babington, Trans. Ent. Soc. ili. 1841,

p. 8.

A single female example which I refer with some doubt to this

species. It is a trifle more parallel than the type specimen; and the

thorax is rather more dull. It was taken at Isthmus Bay.

6. RHANTUS MIXTUS, sp. n.

Ater ; clypeo capiteque antice piceo-fluvis ; thorace piceo-flavo,

margine antico punctato, basi medio nigra ; elytris politis, piceo-

nigris, crebre seriatim piceo-fiavo guttatis ; antennis, palpis, pedi-

bus prosternoque piceis. Long. 54 lin.

3. Very close to R. varius, Fabr. (Ent. Syst. i. p. 195), but

larger, darker in colour than that species usually is, and a little less

regularly elliptical. Head finely coriaceous, with an impressed line

within each eye. Thorax shining, a little wrinkled at the sides,

with an imperfect impressed median line; the middle portion of the

anterior margin is distinctly punctured, and this part is also

blackish ; the base is narrowly margined with black, the black is

more suffused in the middle ; the posterior angles are a trifle greater

than a right angle. Elytra very shining, nearly black, with closely

placed lines of small yellowish spots as in R. varius, but not so con-

Spicuous ; the margins are yellow; the extreme apex (which is

obliquely truncate) is margined with black ; there is a line of rather

close distinct punctures not far from the suture; and there is a second

very irregular line of similar punctures extending from within the

shoulder to near the apex. The whole of the underside is black,

except the front part of the prosternum and the sternal process.

The apical segment of the abdomen is densely longitudinally strigose,

the strize reach the base of the segment in the middle but not at the

sides. The legs are pitchy, the posterior tarsi being darker; the

intermediate femora and tibize are closely and rather roughly punc-

tured, more closely and more distinctly than in R. varius.

Four male examples, marked “Tom Bay, April 22, 1879.”

LuUCANID.

7. SCLEROSTOMUS FEMORALIS, Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 303.

A single male example taken at Sandy Point.

MELOLONTHID2.

8. Sericorpes GLacrALis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 35.

Sericoides reichei, Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 301.

An imperfect specimen found at Skyring Water. It agrees well

Proc. Zooxu. Soc.—1881, No. VI. 6

82 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

with the Fabrician type of Melolontha glacialis now in the British

Museum from the Banksian Collection.

9, Lisrronyx TesTaceus, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 35.

Melolontha testacea, Fabr. l.c., 2.

Listronyx nigriceps, Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 302, ¢.

A male example from Sandy Point. It agrees perfectly with

Guérin’s type specimen of Listronyx nigriceps now in the British-

Museum collection, which is undoubtedly the male of Melolontha

testacea, Fabr., the type of which is also in the Museum.

10. Cypuon pataGonica, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 199.

The single specimen found at Sandy Point by Dr. Coppinger dif-

fers from Curtis’s type in being uniform in colour, without the

fuscous mark on the thorax; it is, however, undoutebdly the same

species.

11. PHortinvus, sp.

A single example taken at Tom Bay. I am unable to determine

the species; it is broader than P. obscurus, Fabr., from Terra del

Fuego, which it resembles in colour, and is more like P. coruscus,

Linn.

TENEBRIONIDS.

12. Ematopera opesa, Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 215.

A single specimen, marked “ Elizabeth Island, Jan. 1879.”

CuRCULIONIDS.

13. CyLINDRORRHINUS ANGULATUS, Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1841,

p- 217.

Two specimens from Elizabeth Island, Jan. 6, 1879.

14. Lopnotus Novipennis, Hope, Trans. Ent, Soc. i. p. 15,

pil. ‘i. f205

One specimen only, found at Port Gallant, “on board.”

CERAMBYCIDZ.

15. CALLISPHYRIS SCHYTHET, Philippi, Stet. Zeit. 1864, p. 380.

The specimen brought by Dr. Coppinger agrees very well with the

description of this species. Another specimen was received almost

simultaneously at the Museum from Peru.

VIII. LEPIDOPTERA, ORTHOPTERA ann HEMIPTERA.

By A. G. Butter.

A. LEPIDOPTERA.

Of the nine species of Lepidoptera obtained by Dr. Coppinger,

two appear to be new to science; and four others may be new, but

are too much worn for identification ; of the remaining three, one has

previously been recorded from the Straits, and two from Chili.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 83

NYMPHALID&.

1, ARGYNNIS CYTHERIS, Drury.

Two pairs taken in Elizabeth Island in January 1879. The males

agree well with Drury’s figure and with Reed’s figure of 4. anna

(Blanchard); one of the females also agrees very fairly with

Blanchard’s figure of 4. /athonioides. The allied form, regarded by

Reed as the 4. cytheris of Drury, seems quite distinct, and must re-

tain the name of 4. montana given to it by Reed upon his plate.

PAPILIONIDE.

2. TarocHILa pEMopicE, Blanchard.

One female captured on the 6th of January in Elizabeth Island.

LASIOCAMPID.

3. PHRICODIA HUMERALIs, var., Walker.

A male caught on board in theStraits of Magellan, and two females

in Elizabeth Island on the 6th of January. These specimens are

altogether redder and darker than the typical form.

EPISEMID2.

4. Hexioryosvs’?, sp.

Puerto Bueno, Straits of Magellan, 20th of January, 1879. The

two examples of this species are so much rubbed that, although the

Moth appears to agree in structure with Heliophobus, it is quite im-

possible to decide whether or not it is referable to any known species.

APAMIIDE.

5. Mamestra?, sp.

The single example obtained, although evidently referable to a

well-marked species, is unfortunately too much worn for recognition ;

the antenne are wanting.

Straits of Magellan, exact locality not noted,

It is not impossible that this may prove to be an Agrotis when we

see a perfect specimen.

Nocruipz,

6. OcHROPLEURA MAGELLANICA, Sp. N.

Primaries chocolate-brown, with very slight purplish reflections,

the basal two thirds of costal border broadly pale sandy brown; the

orbicular and reniform spots of the same colour, with slightly darker

centres, the orbicular with oblique outer margin and confluent with

the costal border along its anterior margin: secondaries pale sericeous

greyish brown, with slightly darker diffused outer border and pale

sandy-yellow fringe: thorax chocolate-brown ; head, antennz, and

shoulders ochraceous ; abdomen fuliginous brown, whitish at the

base, and with ochraceous lateral fringes and anal tuft. Primaries

below pale fuliginous brown ; secondaries whitish, with pale fuliginous

6

84 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

costal border and discocellulars and yellowish fringe; body below

fuliginous brown. Expanse of wings | inch 9 lines.

The above description is made from a specimen obtained by Dr.

Cunningham at Sandy Point, Terra del Fuego, the five examples

sent home by Dr. Coppinger being all too much worn for description.

He notes the following habitats and dates of capture :— ;

amCoekle Cover) aes eke WAH. AS Fe Feb. 13, 1878.

b. Latitude Cove, flew on board........ Jan. 13, 1879.

ec. Puerto Bueno, flew on board ........ Jane VOys os

d. Tom Bay, flew on board............ Jan. 1879.

e. Wolsey Sound, W. coast of Patagonia,

flew on board.

ORTHOSIIDZ.

7. PACHNOBIA COPPINGERI, Sp. 0.

Allied to P. alpina. Primaries above ashy grey, slightly tinted

with pink at the base ; two subbasal spots, a broad internally bisi-

nuated, externally ill-defined belt (enclosing the orbicular spot) just

before the middle, and two subparallel angulated and zigzag discal

lines, dark slaty grey; discoidal spots brown, with whitish borders

and blackish margins; a marginal series of <-shaped black mark-

ings: secondaries pale sericeous smoky brown, becoming slightly

darker towards the outer margin; discocellulars dusky, costal border

ash-grey at apex; a marginal dark slaty-grey line formed of con-

fluent depressed-triangular spots; fringe traversed by a whitish

basal line: body grey; thorax slightly tinted with pink ; abdomen

with whitish basal tufts, anal tuft testaceous. Primaries below ash-

grey ; discal lines indicated, but less distinct than above, and not

zigzag : secondaries sericeous greyish white ; a discocellular spot and

arched discal stripe blackish; a slender blackish marginal line:

pectus white; legs ash-grey, tarsi of middle pair brown, tibiz and

tarsi of posterior pair almost wholly laky brown. Expanse of wings

1 inch 6 lines.

Puerto Bueno; flew on board, Jan. 19, 1879.

LARENTIIDZ.

8. Scorosta, sp.

One specimen, very much worn and rubbed, the pattern being

entirely lost.

Puerto Bueno, November 5, 1879.

9. CrpaRIA, sp.

A single shattered example, which appears to be allied to the

European C. fulvata.

Puerto Bueno.

The OrrHoprera are represented by five examples, three of which

are immature and referable apparently to a species of Xiphocera ;

the two others belong to the genera Cidipoda and Ctypohippus.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 85

Six Hemirrera were obtained, of which one appears to belong to

a new species of Sciocoris; three are referable to a known species

of Halobates, one is anew genus of Membracide, and one a small

Tassus.

A single ANopLURON was taken, referable to the genus Trinoton.

B. OrTHOPTERA.

XIPHOCERIDE.

1. X1PHOCERA, sp. inc. (immature).

«St. Vincent, near the beach, 24th October, 1878 ; Puerto Bueno,

Straits of Magellan, on shore near freshwater pools,”

CEDIPODID.

2. CEpIPODA AURIFERA.

Gdipoda aurifera, Walker, Derm. Salt. iv. p. 735 (1870).

Epacromia collecta, Walker, op. cit. v. p. 85 (1871).

St. Vincent, Cape-Verd Islands, from sandy patches, 24th October,

1878.

Walker at first rightly identified this species with the genus

CGidipoda, but remarked, ‘this species has some affinity to the

genus Hpacromia ;”” subsequently he described a smaller example as

an Epacromia, and observed that “this and the preceding species

differ much in structure from each other, and from the typical form

of Epacromia, and may be considered as the representatives of two

new genera.”

3. CTYPOHIPPUS ARENIVOLANS, Sp. 0.

Apparently nearest to “ Cdipoda ochraceipennis’’ of Blanchard,

from Chili; also somewhat similar to ‘‘ @. chloris.’ Head and pro-

notum greenish yellow, with a lateral longitudinal stripe of black,

varied with reddish brown; on the head this stripe encloses an

ochraceous line ; pronotum flat, slightly elevated at the sides, crossed

in the middle by a linear transverse impression, and with a central

longitudinal carina ; abdomen shining, olivaceous, banded indistinctly

with testaceous, and mottled at the sides with castaneous ; anterior

and middle pairs of legs castaneous, posterior legs with the femora

greenish testaceous, a series of black spots just above the infero-

exterior longitudinal carina towards the base ; tibia: and tarsi rust-red,

the spines tipped with black : tegmina with the basal six thirteenths

flesh-coloured, with a longitudinal internal green streak and two

transverse dark-brown bands, the inner one interrupted by the green

streak, the outer one abbreviated ; base slightly brown-speckled ;

remainder of tegmina hyaline white, with ochraceous veins, the cross

veinlets black here and there, so as to produce the effect of indistinct

greyish spots: wings hyaline white, slightly tinted with yellow to-

wards the base, and crossed from the posterior angle to the centre

of the anterior margin by a very slightly interrupted arched blackish

86 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4

band. Length of body 1 inch 1 line; expanse of tegmina 2 inches

4 lines.

St. Vincent, Cape-Verds, 24th October, 1878 ; from sandy

patches.

I found a second example of this species amongst the hetero-

geneous crowd of specimens placed by Walker under @dipoda flava

of Linnzus.

C. HEMIPTERA.

ScIocoRID&.

1. ScrocoRIs ODIOSUS, sp. N.

Testaceous, regularly spotted and streaked all over with dull greyish

brown; abdomen with regular black marginal spots; pectus longi-

tudinally banded with black; legs ochraceous; antennz orange ;

venter with a longitudinal streak of black on each side.

Dull, densely punctured ; head obtusely subconical, convex behind,

with marginal and dorsal longitudinal carinee, twice as long before

as behind the eyes, which are prominent; thorax octagonal, fully

twice as broad as long, deeply excavated in front to receive the head ;

the humeral angles armed with a short obtuse denticle ; scutellum

large, half as long again as broad, obtusely triangular ; legs smooth

and rather slender, tibize and tarsi covered rather densely with short

bristles ; ventral segments with their posterior angles slightly pro-

minent. Length of head 2 millims., of thorax in the middle 2, at

humeral angles 24, width 5 ; length of scutellum 3; of each tegmen

6; entire length of insect 8.

Monte Video (one specimen).

GERRIDE.

2. HALOBATES MICANS.

Halobates micans, Eschscholtz, Entomogr. p. 163, pl. 2. fig. 3.

Taken in the towing-net on the surface, 29th Oct. 1878. Lat.

8° 6! N., long. 25°33! W.

MEMBRACID.

METHILLE, g. n.

Nearer to Hille, Stal, than to any genus with which I am ac-

quainted, but altogether narrower, more depressed, the upper or

dorsal margin of the pronotum nearly parallel to the anterior margin

of the closed tegmina ; the head vertical, almost in a line with the

anterior margin of the pronotum, which projects slightly in front

of it; the pronotum not covering the mesonotum, its upper surtace

pentagonal; scutellum uncovered, triangular, very acute behind.

Type M. ecuneata.

This genus in many of its characters seems to agree with Meli-

zoderes of Spinola, with which, but for the figure, it might perhaps

have been identified ; but, in spite of the manifest incorrectness of

the illustration (which shows no trace of a scutellum, although the

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 87

description says ‘‘escudo visible’’), I cannot believe it to be iden-

tical. The neuration is the same; but the head is not visible from

above, being entirely concealed by the conical and prominent anterior

margin of the pronotum.

3. METHILLE CUNEATA, Sp. n.

Fulvous, upper surface of the body with a central longitudinal

carina ; the head orange ; head, pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum

finely granulose ; tegmina semitransparent, horn-yellow, darkest to-

wards the base and on the veins, the corium and clavus coarsely

punctured ; wings hyaline white, legs horn-yellow. Length of body

53 millims., expanse of tegmina 113.

‘Found on leaf of Campidium chilense, a leguminous creeping

plant, 14th April, 1879. Straits of Magellan.”

The genus Melizoderes is not quoted by Walker in the Supplement

to his ‘ Catalogue of Homoptera.’

IASsIDz&.

4. Iassus Lucipus?

Tassus lucidus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 91. no. 8.

Caught on board at sea, 27th October, 1878.

I can discover no difference between this example and that from

the Galapagos archipelago.

IX. ECHINODERMATA.

By F. Jerrrey Be tt.

(Plates VIII. & IX.)

The collection of Echinodermata which Dr. Coppinger has for-

warded presents some points of considerable interest. Of the Echi-

noidea there is one species which is apparently new to science;

the species Echinus magellanicus was found on the eastern side of

the coast of South America; the Ophiurida are represented by four

species, of which two, one of them an Astrophytid, appear to be

new to science; while the new species of Asterida seem to make it

necessary to direct attention to the fact that, if the number of new

species of Echinodermata appears to be disproportionately large as

compared with the Mollusca or Crustacea, it must be borne in mind

that Dr. Cunningham’s account of his collection, made in 1869, ter-

minates with the latter of these groups, and that therefore our

knowledge of the Echinoderm fauna of this region is in a less

advanced condition. The Holothuroida are feebly represented in

the present collection; and no specimen of the Crinoida has been

as yet forwarded to the Museum.

ECHINOIDEA.

ECHINOCIDARIS DUFRESNII, BJ.

A number of these interesting forms were forwarded by Dr. Cop-

pinger. As was natural, I examined them with eagerness in order

88 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

to find, if possible, some more exceptions to the rule of the presence

of four anal plates’; not one, however, was to be found among the

fourteen specimens I examined. The localities were :—

(1) Portland Bay, 10 fathoms; bottom, hard sand.

(2) Tom Bay, 0-30 fms.; bottom, rock, kelp, and mud.

(3) Cockle Cove, 2-32 fms. ; bottom, mud. :

(4) Port Rosario, 2-30 fms. ; bottom, sand and rock.

(5) Trinidad Channel, 30 fms. ; bottom, sand.

The smaller specimens varied considerably in colour; the light

green of the test and the purplish flesh-colour of the spines of the

ordinary specimens being in one case replaced by a light brown for

both test and spines; one or two examples had reddish patches on

the bare spaces of the interambulacral arez ; and in two cases the »

white pedicellariz, placed on a deep-green test, gave a rarely seen

appearance to the specimens; another example had the spines

white, with a deep rusty-brown patch in each bare interambulacral

space. None of the specimens was of a large size.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS BULLATUS, n.sp. (Plate VIII. figs. 1, 2.)

Test rather thick and slightly pentagonal; superiorly to the

ambitus the primary tubercles of the interambulacral arez, which

are set in two rows, are of considerable size; generally eight pairs of

pores in each are, which is set more or less horizontally, and is

separated from the one above and below by a not very regular series

of small tubercles; the ambulacral area comparatively narrow; the

actinostome moderately small and very faintly notched; abactinal

system thickly covered with small tubercles; ocular plates all ex-

cluded from the anal system; madreporic body large; anal plates

large in size and small in number. Test brownish red; the spines

not long, and of a dirty or brownish yellow colour.

Straits cf Magellan.

The difficult genus Strongylocentrotus stands in need of a careful

revision; and it is necessary that I should point out some of the

reasons which induce me to look upon this species as new, though

this is by no means the place to undertake any thing like a general

review of the group. It seems, theu, to be the only species in which

all the ocular plates are excluded from the anal system—presenting

a considerable resemblance to S. franciscanus, in so far that the

primary tubercles of the interambulacral arez form, in both species,

two rows, and are considerably larger than any others on the test ; it

is distinguished not only by having the tubercles absolutely smaller,

but also by the fact that it is above rather than at the ambitus that

the largest tubercles are to be found. So, again, a resemblance is

to be seen to S. albus in the presence of tubercles separating the

1 P. Z.S. 1879, pt. iii. p. 486. I may here state that during the autumn of

1879 I took the opportunity to examine the few specimens of this genus that are

deposited in the Natural-History Museum at Brussels; but I was not able to

detect in any of them any indications as to the presence of more than four

plates.

Hanhart irap.

C.Berjeau del.etlith.

“ALERT SURVEY.

7

4a

CHINODERMATA 0

m

H

_

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 89

arcs of pores; but these tubercles are much smaller and much more

irregular in S. dullatus, and this new species has also a somewhat

larger mouth (actinostome), though it by no means has one so large

as has S. franciscanus. Turning from S.. albus, the presence of

which on the Chilian coast was signalized by Molina’, to S. gibbosus,

the other member of the genus which has been hitherto recorded

from this district, we find in it only four pairs of pores in each are,

while the much smaller test has a proportionally larger actinostome.

The following are the more important measurements of the largest

of the three specimens :—

Diameter of

a SN

actino- abactinal anal Poriferous Ambul. Interamb.

Length. Height. stome. system. system. zone. area. area.

108 49 25 20 11°5 75 24 40

It will be seen that the test is not high, that, although the ares of

pores are so nearly horizontal in direction, the ambulacral arez are

not very wide; they are, indeed, only provided with two rows of

primary tubercles, which are never very large, and, like those of the

interambulacral series, decrease to quite a small size on the greater

part of the actinal surface. The number of secondary tubercles (or,

rather, of large miliaries) is very much greater than in S. francis-

eanus ; and the scrobicular circle around which they form a ring in

the interambulacral, though not in the ambulacral arez, is not so

wide as in that species. There is no petaloid enlargement of the

poriferous zone around the actinostome ; the number of pores in an

are may be here and there reduced to seven. The large number of

small tubercles on the plates of the abactinal system is very striking,

as is, too, the large size of the anal and madreporic plates. The

auricles are well developed, and the space between the two halves

elongated and triangular. As in S. lividus, the dentary apparatus is

not as much as one half the height of the test; but the fenestrze

(or spaces between the alveoli) are proportionally much shorter,

and the radii are long enough to reach to the margin.

Three specimens were sent :—

(1) Trinidad Channel, shallow water.

(2) Tom Bay.

(3) Cockle Cove.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS, sp. inc.? (Plate VIII. figs. 3, 4.)

This specimen is at once distinguished by the very remarkable

arrangement of the ares of pores, which are so little bent as to be

better indeed called rows, and are, above the ambitus, set very

* Molina, ‘ Saggio sulla Storia nat. del Chile,’ Bologna, 1782, p. 200.

* I was for a long time inclined to regard this specimen as a representative

of a new species; but a long and close study of other members of the genus has

convinced me that the form of the are of pores may vary very considerably

during growth, I give a full description and figure of it, to exhibit the marked

differences which obtain between it and the adult.

90 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

nearly vertically ; below the ambitus and approaching the actino-

stome the rows become considerably flattened out and take on a

more horizontal direction. Test not thick, very nearly circular, a

good deal flattened; spines rather long, greenish, with (when dry) a

reddish purplish tip; in each area there are two rows of primary

tubercles, of which the interambulacral are considerably the larger ;

in both sets the diminution in size on the actinal surface is very

rapid and very marked; a row of small tubercles, separating the two

rows of primary tubercles, extends from the actinostome to some

way above the ambitus, in the ambulacral area; there are but few

secondary tubercles, on each coronal plate ; and as the plates are high,

there is no appearance of crowding. ‘The poriferous zones are of a

greenish-grey colour, and the two inner or upper pairs of pores ©

are placed at a little distance from the outer or lower six pairs of

pores; the spaces between the primary tubercles of the ambulacral

area are of a reddish colour.

The actinostome is moderately large ; but there are no deep cuts,

and no large plates developed on the buccal membrane. As in S.

bullatus, the ridge connecting the auricles is exceedingly low; the

abactinal system is comparatively small, the number of anal plates

not small; the madreporic is not much larger than the genital

plates. As in S. budlatus, none of the ocular plates reaches the anal

area. I cannot say whether the presence of short white spinous

tubercles rising up so as to form a kind of anal tube is an individual

peculiarity of the specimen under description.

The following are the more important measurements :—

Diameter of

a ———EE

tA. ees

Diameter Height actino- abactinal anal Ambul. Interamb. Length

of test. of test. stome. system. system. area. area. of spine.

39 21 13 8°5 5 9 115 22

One specimen. Tom Bay, 0-30 fms. ; bottom, sand, kelp, and

mud.

EcHINUs MAGELLANICUs (Philippi).

E. magellanicus, Philippi, Archiv fiir Naturg. xxiii. p. 130

(1857).

Two species of the genus Hchinus have been recorded from the

Straits of Magellan, HZ. magellanicus and EF. margaritaceus. With-

out entering into any general discussion of their peculiarities, it will

be sufficient to point out (in consequence of the somewhat contra-

dictory statements that have been put out regarding them) that

E. magellanicus can be readily distinguished by its larger number

of primary tubercles. No specimens of LZ. margaritaceus were ob-

tained in this collection. Those of 2. magellanicus are all small

in size. They were taken at :—

(1) Tom Bay.

(2) Cockle Cove.

(3) Trinidad Channel.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 91

(4) 36° 47'S., 55° 17' W. This is, I believe, the first recorded

notice of the presence of F. magellanicus in any other region than

the Straits of Magellan'; but the officers of the ‘ Challenger’ Expe-

dition dredged specimens from the Marion Islands and Prince

Edward’s Island, as well as at Station 147 (between Marion Islands

and the Crozets) and Station 315 (north of the Falkland Islands) *;

and the views of Studer as to the connexion in earlier periods of the

world’s history between such points as the southern portion of South

America, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and the Crozets are

thereby strengthened *—so far, that is, as forms with free-swim-

ming embryos can offer any evidence at all on the point.

(5) Some very small specimens, which are, I believe, the young

of this species, were obtained at Elizabeth Island.

ASTEROIDEA.

ASTERIAS.

The species of this genus which have come in this collection

afford no exception to the rule that in it the process of determining

the species is accompanied with very considerable difficulty.

Au opportunity may, perhaps, be now taken to point out that the

specific name mollis, applied by Studer to the new sexradiate form

which he found on the west of Kerguelen‘, cannot stand for it, as it

was used by Captain F. W. Hutton five years earlier for a quinque-

radiate form from New Zealand? (bien entendu that the difference in

the number of the rays is not the only one). I would suggest that

the name stwdert should replace mollis for the more lately described

species.

ASTERIAS BRANDTI, n. sp. (Plate IX. fig. 1.)

A single specimen of this species is, unfortunately, considerably

injured; of the two arms which have been broken off from the

disk, part of one has alone been preserved. Enough remains, how-

ever, to enable us to demonstrate a very remarkable similarity and a

very remarkable difference between this new species and the 4. meri-

dionalis of Perrier. In this latter, which was collected by the Ant-

arctic Expedition and has since been obtained from Kerguelen, the

greater part of the creature is covered by short delicate spines, each

of which is placed on a separate disk of its own. These disks are

completely free from granules; but each disk is frequently separated

1 During the Hassler Expedition specimens were taken at lat. 37° 42' S.

long. 56° 20' W.

* The specimens from these localities were determined by Prof. Alex. Agassiz.

3 Archiv fiir Naturg. xly. p. 140. Some time after writing the above I

found that Capt. F. W. Hutton had (Trans. N.Z. Inst. ix. p. 362) stated his

belief that his £. albocinetus is the same as EL. magellanicus. With this opinion

of Capt. Hutton’s I am not, as at present advised, disposed to disagree; but it

may be pointed out that we not only find in this species an interesting example

of geographical range, but are also able from it to point the moral of the

value of geographical terms as specific titles.

* Monatsber. Akad. Berl. 1877, p. 457.

* P.Z.S8. 1872, p. 812.

,

92 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

from those near it by small aggregations of large granules. Now in

A. brandti the spines are present and the disks are present, as are,

too, the granules, but the granules, instead of separating the disks,

are placed upon them. 4

The species may be thus defined:—Arms five, very long and

narrow, decreasing very gradually in width; they are largely covered

with disk-like plates which are covered by large granules, with a

short white spine in the centre. The adambulacral spines are in

two longitudinal rows and subequal ; the disk-like plates on either

side are closely packed ; and their spines are much longer and stouter

than those on the dorsal surface. Between these lateral rows, and

extending across the arm, there are about eleven disks, which form

fairly regular longitudinal rows along the arm. The exceedingly

small central disk is not distinguished by any special spines; the

madreporic plate is orbicular and near the margin of the disk.

Spines all white. R=86, r=7; or the greater is about twelve

times the length of the lesser radius.

One specimen. Trinidad Channel, 30 fms.; bottom, mud.

ASTERIAS ALBA, 0. sp. (Plate IX. fig. 2.)

Arms five, rather stout, narrowing rather rapidly toward the end.

Spines mere projections on the dorsal and lateral surfaces; adam-

bulacral spines in two rows, delicate and closely set; these are

flanked by two rows of stouter conical spines, which gradually

diminish in size as they approach the distal end of the arm. External

to these rows there is a bare band, which occupies the greater part

of the side of the arm, and is separated from the barely convex

dorsal portion by a somewhat indistinct line of short inconsiderable

spines. The spines on the dorsal surface are no better developed ;

and the most important series is the median row of small projections.

The species presents some resemblance to 4. antarctica; and this is

specially well seen in the reticulated appearance produced by the mode

of arrangement of the calcareous bars which make up the dermal

skeleton. The disk is very small, and not provided with any longer

spines than the rest of the animal. The madreporic body is of a

dead white and difficult to detect. R=73, r=10; therefore R=

tare

One specimen. Sandy Point, 7-10 fms.; bottom, dead acorn-

shells.

ASTERIAS OBTUSISPINOSA, Sp. 0. (Plate IX. fig. 3.)

This species is at once remarkable for its short blunt spines, and

for the fringe of short spines which surround the madreporic body ;

these are about twelve in number, while in the long-armed 4. spec-

tabilis of Philippi there are said to be eighteen. ‘The adambulacral

spines are arranged in two longitudinal rows, and are much less

strong than the other spines; those of the inner row are the

shorter. Beyond these there are three fairly regular rows of blunt

spines, the innermost of which only extends about halfway along

the arm. ‘The side of the arm, bare of spines, is limited below by

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i ated

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 93

the outermost of these rows, in which the spines are ordinarily

arranged in pairs, and above by a row of, if any thing, shorter

spines ; these are sometimes, towards the apex of the arm, arranged

in pairs. On the dorsal face of the arm there are three sets of short

spines, arranged irregularly in pairs, and extending along the arm ;

the median row is by far the most regular. The arms are five in

number ; but one was broken off from the specimen under description;

of the four remaining two are white and two are black on their

dorsal surface; the rest of the creature is white, as are all the

spines. The disk is exceedingly small and is but sparsely provided with

spines; the radius of the disk is 14 millims., the length of the

longest arm 70 millims. ; so that R=5r.

One specimen. Sandy Point, 9-10 fathoms; bottom, sand.

ASTERIAS CUNNINGHAMI, Perrier.

A. cunninghami, Perrier, Rév. Stell. 1875, p. 75; Ann. Nat.

Hist. (4) xvii. p. 36.

General appearance not unlike that of A. rubens. Arms five,

elongated, gradually and regularly decreasing in width; disk small ;

madreporic plate obscure. A single row of adambulacral spines,

flanked by a double longitudinal row of spines, every two being

closely appressed ; the sides of the arms are occupied by a number

of small tubercles. On the dorsal surface of the arms the tubercles

are closely packed both towards the tip and the base, while they

are much more sparse in the middle third of arm and on the

central portion of the disk itself. Colour orange. 2=30, 7=8,

therefore R=3:75r. Breadth of arms at base 9 millims.

Three perfect specimens, of which one is much smaller than the

other two ; they are all smaller than the type specimen. Tom Bay,

0-30 fathoms; bottom, rock, kelp, and sand.

ASTERIAS RUPICOLA (?).

Asterias rupicola, Verrill, Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum, i. iii. p. 71.

There are in the British Museum tbree specimens, which were

collected by Dr. Cunningham, but to which no definite locality

is attached ; these specimens I now, though with very considerable

hesitation, assign to the Kerguelen form lately described by

Prof. Verrill, The hesitation is not due to any insufficiency on

the part of the description, which is by the hand of a master,

but from the fact that in some points, such as the propor-

tion of the greater and lesser radii and the breadth of the

arms at their base, the specimens now in hand have the arms

longer and more slender than those of Mr. Verrill’s specimens.

When, however, we take into account the appalling number of

specific terms which have been applied to forms belonging to

the genus As¢erias, we shall, I think, act more wisely if we re-

frain from adding to these synonyms on the score of differences in

character which may at some future time be shown to be due either

94 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

to differences in modes of preservation, or to be such as come within

the range of individual variations.

ASTERIAS NEGLECTA, sp. n. (Plate IX. fig. 4.)

The species now to be described is represented by a specimen

which was brought home by Dr. Cunningham, and which has as

yet remained undescribed. It resembles 4. meridionalis in having

a groove between the spines of the actinal and abactinal surfaces, in

which the papular spaces are largely developed; but it is more

closely similar to A. brandti in the characters of its abactinal

surface, for granules are developed on the spine-bearing plates.

Arms five, elongated, and tapering gradually ; the adambulacral

spines are arranged in two rows, are cylindrical in form, and are

about 2 millims. long at the middle of the arm; on either side of

these there are three or four irregular longitudinal rows of short

spines. The plates on the abactinal surface are richly covered with

granules ; these are closely set, are irregular in shape, and are each

provided with a single short spine, which is hardly lighter in colour

than the brown plate itself; the disks are somewhat irregularly

arranged in six rows; and occasionally there are two spines on one

disk. At the side of the arm and above the already mentioned

groove there is a row of spines: these are set singly at the base

of the arm; but they rapidly become double, and occasionally a

third spine appears. The deeply set madreporic plate is placed

quite at the edge of the central disk, on which the spine-bearing

plates frequently have two or even three spines developed. R=83;

r=12; or the greater radius is about seven times the less.

Greatest breadth of arm 19°5 millims.

One specimen, Gregory Bay. Coll. Cunningham *.

LaBipiAsTer, Liitken, 1871 (Vidensk. Medd. 1871, p. 289).

I have no hesitation in placing the specimen now to be described

in this genus; the only point in which it does not satisfy the

definition of Dr. Liitken is in the number of its arms. The learned

naturalist who defined this genus says ‘‘ brachia numerosa, triginta

vel pluria.”’ ‘The species now to be described has in all only twenty-

six arms’; but I cannot think that this difference is, at the utmost,

any more than a very poor specific character. The size of the

specimen collected by Dr. Cunningham is rather less than half that

of the one described by Liitken. If it is a different species from that

form, the specific characters are not as yet sufficiently well marked

to enable us to define it as such. I look upon it as a young

specimen of L. radiosus, Liitken ; if it shall turn out to be distinct,

1 I subjoin a list of the other species from this region which are represented

by specimens in the national collection :—

A. sulcifera, Perrier. Cape St. Vincent, Fuegia.

A, rugispina, Stimpson. Gregory Bay.

A. perrieri, Smith. Kerguelen.

A, meridionalis, Perrier. Kerguelen.

A. antarctica, Liitken.

2 So Studer found a specimen with 29 arms (MB. Akad. Berl. 1876, p. 457).

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 95

it will be easy enough to call it LZ. dwetkeni. I add the following

short description :—

Perfectly flat, with twenty-three completely developed and three

less-well-developed arms; brown above, with a dark line running

round the disk, cream-white below ; the arms are very slender, and

widest at some little distance from their point of insertion into the

disk. The small and white madreporic plate lies near the dark

circular line, and is fringed with a few spines. The spines on the

arms form a median and a lateral series; but the former does not

extend along the whole length of the ray ; the arms themselves have

the appearance of being ringed externally, owing to the transverse

disposition of these spines; single or bifurcate spines, not very

regularly arranged, are to be found on the disk, but are not

numerous. R=51°5, r=14.

Trinidad Channel, 30 fathoms.

It is of interest to point out that in the three partly developed

arms the ambulacral suckers are closely packed, and do not exhibit a

definitely paired so much asa pyenopod arrangement; and this,

which is characteristic of the adult Asterias, is pro tanto of value

in supporting Dr. Liitken’s view as to the affinities of the genus

now under examination. The fact of the presence of three arms

smaller than the rest should, further, be compared with the remarks

on this subject made by Dr. Liitken (and translated in Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. ser. 4, xii. p. 336).

PENTAGONASTER SINGULARIS, M. & Tr.

Goniodiscus singularis, Miiller & Troschel, Archiv fiir Naturg.

(1843) ix. p. 116.

Pentagonaster singularis, Perrier, Rév. des Stell. p. 222.

One specimen, obtained in Tom Bay, 0-30 fathoms ; bottom,

rock, kelp, and mud.

This specimen is interesting as being intermediate in size between

the two specimens already possessed by the Museum, and collected

by Dr. Cunningham.

PENTAGONASTER PAXILLOSUS.

Astrogonium paxillosum, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1847, p. 79.

Pentagonaster paxillosus, Perrier, Rév. Stell. p. 221.

A small specimen (R=19, r=12; 20 infero-marginal plates),

collected by Dr. Cunningham at Sandy Point, must be referred to

this species. If it be distinct from it, the distinctive specific characters

are not differentiated ; the condition of the type specimen, which is

dry, prevents a determination of the question whether the Australian

form has a glassy spine at each angle of the mouth. If it shall

prove to be absent, that character might perhaps be shown to be

one of specific value, and would, at any rate, afford a point of

distinction between the South-American and the Australian form.

CALLIDERMA GRAYI, sp. n. (Plate VIII. fig. 5.)

Arms not long, interbrachial angle rounded; R=15, r=&. Ten

96 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

marginal ossicles, in both upper and lower series, on the sides of each

arm; at the apex of the angle an azygos triangular “‘anticlinal ”

plate, as in Pentagonaster singularis. The plates vary considerably

in the extent to which they are covered with granules, the more

distal marginal ossicles having the granules confined to their borders,

while in the more internal they are better-developed. The infero-

marginal plates are richly covered with spiny tubercles, which are

developed into distinct spines, set in tufts, on the ventral ossicles of

the disk. On the borders of the ambulacral groove there is a

transverse row of three or four well-marked spines; at the oral angle

one spine is elongated and has a glassy appearance, so that it is

much more conspicuous than the corresponding spine in C. emma.

Abactinal surface blackish brown, with here and there lighter spots ;

marginal ossicles all white at the apex of the arm; but some of the

more internal are of a lightish brown; ventral surface light brown.

This species is an ally of the Calliderma emma of Dr. Gray, which

has been so beautifully figured by him in his ‘ Synopsis’ (pl. xv.).

One specimen from Sandy Point, 9-10 fathoms; bottom, sand.

A somewhat younger specimen of this species was collected by

Dr, Cunningham in the Straits of Magellan.

- CYCETHRA, nov. gen.

It seems to be necessary to establish a new genus for a specimen

which was taken in Trinidad Channel, and which, though generally

Goniasterid in character, seems, and that more especially at first

sight, to present a combination of characters.

The ambulacral grooves are exceedingly narrow, the actinostome

small, not widely open, the modified spines of the mouth-organs

generally Goniasterine in arrangement ; the ventral intermediate

plates continuous, but not imbricated, bearing short spines, which

in character and arrangement recall the same parts in Asterina.

Marginal plates almost completely confined to the sides of the arm

and disk ; th: ventro-marginal plates only just appearing on the

actinal surface, and the dorso-marginal on the abactinal only near

the tip of the arm; the plates are separated one from the other by

a horizontal as well as by vertical grooves. The whole of the

abactinal surface is covered with closely packed small ossicles,

among which there are no pore-areas. The central disk is large ;

the arms rather short and slender. No pedicellarize.

CYCETHRA SIMPLEX, sp. n. (Plate IX. figs. 5, 6.)

The following appear to be the specific characters of the specimen

obtained :—Adambulacral spinesina single row, not especially subequal,

diminishing in size as they pass to the apex of the arm. The spines

of both surfaces are short, blunt, almost granular; the marginal

plates, with the exception of those near the apex of the arm, are

distant almost their own breadth from one another. The ossicles of

the abactinal surface are small ; and their granules can hardly be said

to be produced into spines. The ocular plate is large and white ;

the madreporic plate is small and white, rather deeply sunken,

1381.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 97

simply grooved, and not fringed with spines; it is situated not far

from the centre of the disk. R=36, r=13; the arms are 7°5

millims. wide at the point where they become free from the disk,

and 4 millims. at their tip ; the adambulacral spines do not exceed 2

millims. in length ; the interbrachial angles vary very greatly.

One specimen taken, at 30 fathoms, inTrinidad Channel.

ASTERINA FIMBRIATA, Perrier, Rév. des Stell. 1875, p. 307.

One small specimen, from Cockle Cove, and two still smaller, from

Sandy Point, are, with- some hesitation, referred to this species.

I have not seen M. Perrier’s type ; and the variation exhibited by the

species of this genus at various periods of their lives makes it

impossible to speak definitely unless one has in hand a considerable

series |.

ASTROPECTEN.

Two dried specimens of a species of this genus were obtained at

a depth of 48 fathoms, in lat. 32° 39’ S., and long. 50° 11' W.

They present a very remarkable resemblance to A. articulatus, Say,

as figured by Agassiz (‘ North-American Starfishes,’ pl. xix.) ; and

the two specimens also differ in just the same way from one

another as do two specimens mentioned by M. Perrier—in the fact,

namely, that in one some of the dorsal plates are provided with spines,

while from the other such spines are completely absent.

The specimens also differ somewhat trom one another in the

number of dorsal marginal plates. The length of the greater radius

of one specimen is 82 millims., and the number of plates 33 ; while

in the other there are 38 plates, with a greater radius of 81 millims.

In the case of both specimens the relation of the greater to the lesser

radius is much the same, & being equal to about 5°75 7, the lesser

radius in both specimens measuring 14 millims.

Two large sword-shaped spines, with which a smaller third one

is frequently associated, project upwards and forwards from the upper

margin of the ventro-marginal plate ; they are sufficiently long for

the first of each set to extend some way along the side of the dorso-

marginal plate next but one in front of it ; extending inwards towards

the ambulaeral groove, the plates bear, in a somewhat irregularly

double series, as many as seven well-developed spines in each set,

and in addition to these there are a number of smaller spines and

pedicellariz. From the middle of the arm the spines increase in

size towards the angle, and diminish towards the apex. ‘The spines

on the adambulacral plates are with difficulty distinguishable: they

are arranged in two rows; and those of the inner series are the

longer and stronger; there are generally three, more rarely only

two, on each plate.

1 Since writing the above, another example of the same species has been

received from Borja Bay, and I have also been able to see Prof. Perrier’s

valuable essay on the geographical distribution of the Asterida (Nouv. Arch,

du Mus. 1878); from this I gather that he seems to be satisfied as to the

presence of this species in the Chilian seas (cf. the remarks in the ‘ Révision,’

p. 308).

Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1881, No. VII. 7

98 ZOOLUGICAL COLLECTIONS MAE DURING [Jan. 4,

The madreporic plate is obscured by the paxille, which are

nowhere arranged in regular rows. The interpaxillar area is 8

millims. wide at the base of the arm, and 1 millim. at the apex ; the

total width of the arm at the base is 15°5 millims., and at the tip

2°2 millims.

OpHIUROIDEA.

OpuHIuRIDA.

OPHIACTIS ASPERULA.

Ophiolepis asperula, Philippi, Archiv fiir Naturg. (1858), p. 267.

Ophiactis asperula, Liitken, Addit. ad Hist. Oph. ii. (1859),

p- 130, footnote.

Ophiactis magellanica, Ljungman, Vetensk. Akad. Forh. 1866,

. 164.

s Ophiactis asperula, Lyman, Bull. C. M. Z. vi. 2, p. 41.

(1) Port Rosario, 2-30 fms. ; bottom, sand and rock.

(2) Tom Bay, 0-30 fms.; bottom, rock, kelp, and mud.

(3) Elizabeth Island, 6 fms.; sandy bottom.

(4) Sandy Point, 9-10 fms. ; bottom, mud.

(5) Borja Bay, 14 fms. ; bottom, shell and stones.

OPpHIOSCOLEX COPPINGERI, sp. n. (Plate VIII. fig. 6.)

This species is to be at once distinguished by the irregular dis-

tribution of the uppermost row of arm-spines, which are, though

not regularly, set almost alternately in an upper and a lower plane.

The disk is rounded in the larger, subpentagonal in the smaller

specimen. Arms long, slender, delicately tapering, widest at the base,

with three lateral arm-spines, of which the uppermost, which is a

little the longest and of about the same length as an arm-joint, is

not always placed at the same level, but is not unfrequently higher

up or lower down on the side of the arm than is the corresponding

spine of the next joint. The three or four outer mouth-papillz are

short and spinous ; the most central is broadened out and pectinate

at its margin, closely resembling the teeth, of which there are at

least three in each jaw. The buccal shield is only visible when

the skin is removed, is somewhat ovoid, with the narrower end in-

ternal. There is a deep notch on the upperside of each arm-joint,

so that the dorsal plates are only near one another in the middle

line, but the calcareous plates do not here even touch one

another ; along the upper median line there runs a well-marked

groove, an indication of which, as passing all along the arm, can be

made out even before the skin is removed; the lower arm-plates

are regular and oblong. Genital slits rather long.

The following are the more important measurements of the

largest specimen :—Diameter of disk 20°5 millims. ; length (longest)

arm 80 millims.; breadth of arm (at base) 3 millims.; length of

genital slit 4 millims.

Three specimens, one with the disk injured, were collected at Tom

Bay, 0-30 fms. ; bottom, rock, kelp, and mud.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 99

ASTROPHYTIDA.

The two specimens of this group which were received from tne

Straits of Magellan belong to the genus Astrophyton ; and both

appear to be representatives of a species hitherto undescribed. So far

as I know, the only species which has yet been recorded as coming

from the same region is the A. pourtalesi of Lyman, which was

obtained off the eastern coast of Patagonia’ during the Hassler Expe-

dition. The species now to be described falls into the same group

as it, belonging, as it does, to the series which, as Prof. Lyman has

shown, is characteristic of the temperate seas, and in which the

forkings are, as compared with such forms as A. muricatum, few

and distant.

ASTROPHYTON LYMANIT, Sp. Nl.

Radial ribs prominent, compressed laterally, their narrow ridge

with short conical or rounded spiniform processes ; somewhat similar

spines are found in medium quantity projecting from the thick brown

skin of the interradial spaces. Madreporic body single, large ; the

tentacle-scales extend nearly as far as the mouth, and soon become

arranged by fours in each transverse row.

The following are the more important measurements :—Diameter

of disk 45 millims. ; breadth of arm withindisk 7°5 millims.; breadth

of arm just without disk 6 millims. ; greatest width of madreporic

body 4°5 millims. ; genital slits 4 millims. long.

millim.

Distance from mouth to Ist fork .............. 15:5?

3 $5 Us tetO) 2d ees oss. <ye «es a aiid. SUR

“A v8 2nd to 3rd ,, ...... Store nian ee pee |

33 3rd to 4th ,, ..... Sia aveteaereirie sien 2a

a5 5 Athi tapotlim 55 csc caress ate eis s incuneayee

Rs Pe HEM SGGIOGNT Pysh-varctiactiass, m0 ¥ quereine 28

- i Gtbiitige Able sare sUhiencds pererchoreescs oe 36

163°5

There are ordinarily two terminal branches of no great length.

The mouth-parts are all simple, spiniform, and rather numerous.

The madreporie body, which in the specimen under description is

broken up into several parts, is placed quite in the apex of the in-

terbrachial angle, so that it is almost semilunar in form ; in the dry

example, at any rate, it is quite easy to distinguish. The inner lip

of the genital slits is fringed with a few spines or spinous granules.

The dark-brown interradial spaces on the actinal surface contain,

except at their peripheral margin, a cousiderable number of small

white granules, and they are separated from the corresponding space

on the upper surface by a white calcareous band, altogether similar

to the band which forms the base of the radial triangular space, and,

like them, provided with some short blunt or conical projections ;

1 111, Cat. M. C. Z. viii. 2, p. 28. 2 Greatest length always given,

Pp g 7 y

100 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

there are, however, about twice as many of these projections in the

interradial as in the radial bands. There are no spines or other

processes on the dorsal aspect of the arm, which is only closely

granulated; no indication of any banded arrangement of the granules

in correspondence with the joints of the arms can be made out till

the third bifurcation is passed. The tentacle-scales are ordinarily

arranged in fours, and are short, spiniform, and subequal; the pore

nearest to the mouth seems to be always without the scale; the next

may or may not have one; the third has one; the fourth or fifth

pore has two, the seventh or eighth three, and the tenth or eleventh

four. The arms completely white, as are the radial ribs and the

edges of the genital slits; the rest of the disk is of a brown colour,

which is relieved by the white spinous granules.

The smaller of the two specimens of A. pourtalesi (Lyman) had

the diameter of its disk (63 millims.) nearly 20 millims. longer than

the specimen now under examination; and it is possible that the

affinity between the two species may hereafter be shown to be closer

than we are yet justified in supposing it to be. Whatever the result,

the suspicion induces me to place with A. /ymani a second and

smaller example of the same genus. It is to be distinguished from

it by several points, but every one of them may, I think, be more

rightly ascribed to differences in age and in sexual condition than to

inherited distinguishing characteristics :—

(1) The mouth-slits are very distinctly rounded ; and the whole

actinostome forms a rosette.

(2) The interbrachial spaces are sharply incised at the edge of

the disk. Wi ugh

(3) The radial ribs, though distinct, are not prominent; and the

granulation on them and on the interradial spaces of either surface

is less differentiated than in the larger form.

(4) Transverse bands of granules can be detected on the dorsal

surface of the arms quite close to the disk.

(5) The fifth difference lies in the smaller number of the tentacle-

scales ; and that is one of far greater importance than any of the pre-

ceding differences : most of the tentacle-scales are arranged three in

a row.

Perhaps a larger series may, contrary to what ordinarily happens,

enable us to definitely distinguish the two forms.

The larger specimen was taken in Trinidad Channel, at a depth

of 30 fathoms; bottom, sand. The smaller at Port Rosario, 2-30

fms. ; bottom, sand and rock.

HoLorTuHuRoOIDa.

As I have already remarked, this class is very feebly represented.

I have here only to direct attention to two species.

CUVIERIA ANTARCTICA.

This species, first described by Philippi (Arch. f. Nat. 1857,

p- 133), has since been recorded by Studer (Monatsb. Ak. Berl.

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 101

1876, p. 453), from ‘Tuesday Bay, Straits of Magellan. The difference

between the size of the largest specimen now under examination

and the object of Philippi’s description is considerable; the latter

measured 43 lines long and 3 lines broad, whereas that from Dr.

Coppinger is 43 millims. long and 25:25 millims. broad. Studer’s

specimens afford an intermediate size, for they were 40 millims. long

and 20 millims. broad. The other specimens give the following

measurements—5°5 millims. and 4°25 millims., and 4°5 and 3°25,

respectively, for their length and breadth,

(1) 2 small specimens, Portland Bay, 10 fms.

(2) 1 specimen, Latitude Cove.

CutropoTa PpurPuREA, Lesson, Cent. Zool. p. 155; Studer,

Sitzungsb. Akad. Berl. 1876, p. 454.

I refer to this species four small specimens which were collected

off Elizabeth Island in six fathoms of water. For tbe present I

must abstain from offering any opinion on the validity of the new

genus Sigmodota, which Herr Studer proposes for the reception of

this species.

X. CHLENTERATA.

By Stuart O. Riptey.

(Plate VI.)

ACTINOZOA.

ZOANTHARIA.

PARACTIS ALBA, Studer ?.

Paractis alba, Studer, M.B. Ak. Berlin, 1878, p. 545, pl. v. fig. 19.

Two specimens in spirit, without any distinct coloration, except

a faint cream-colour on the disk and tentacles. The tentacles are

present, in the least contracted of the two specimens, in numerous

cycles, short, thick, the central ones tipped by a slight distinct

point ; they decrease in size towards the margin of the disk. The

base appears to have been broader than the disk in life; and the

height of the body is about equal to the breadth of the base. The

sides of the body are smooth, with the exception of some more or

less distinct ridges which mark the position of the mesenteries.

Height of largest specimen 22 millims., extreme breadth of disk 19,

base 22.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, 8.W. Chili, 60 fathoms.

The identity of this species is doubtful. The tentacles occur in

only two cycles in Studer’s specimen ; in the longitudinal striation

of the body, however, it resembles this form.

PaRACTIS sp. inc.

One spirit specimen, coloured as the preceding species. The disk

is much everted, and touches the base; nearly half of its surface is

bare, the margin being occupied by two cycles of thick tentacles

102 ZGOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

and two of small ones, which are exterior; all are entirely retracted.

The sides of the body are almost hid by the disk in its present state :

they are about 5 millims. high; the base is 11, and the disk 13

broad. The only unevenness of the body-surface is an occasional

indication of the mesenteries.

Hab. Same as preceding.

It is obviously impossible to identify these specimens satisfactorily

by the few characters left to them.

Two other Actinians are represented, each by a minute specimen

from Coquimbo Bay, Chili. One is almost entirely black in spirit,

the other nearly white, apparently with black-tipped tentacles. They

answer to none of the species enumerated in Gay’s ‘ Chili’ with any

certainty ; possibly the light-coloured species may be Actinia nivea

of Lesson (Voy. de Coquille, Zooph. p. 80, pl. iii. fig. 8). The

depth is 4—8 fathoms.

AXOHELIA BRUEGGEMANNI, sp. n. (Plate VI. fig. 7.)

Corallum subcylindrical, branching. Coenenchyma compact ; sur-

face covered with minute pointed tubercles at some distance apart,

and marked by very slight and irregularly developed longitudinal

ridges. Calicles round or slightly oval, the long axis following that

of the corallum itself; maximum diameter 1 millim., generally more

or less raised above surface. Septa 8 in number, in one cycle, equal

in size, commencing outside the calicle as ridges, and projecting

above its edge as prominent square-topped teeth; at a distance

inwards varying from one fourth to half the radius they fall away

perpendicularly and join the columella; a second cycle is indicated

by a slight swelling in the calicular rim between each of the two

primaries. Columella mound-like, culminating in a short, sharp

median point. Interseptal spaces deep. Colour of corallum white.

Hab. Victoria Bank’, off S.E. Brazil, 33 fathoms; also (spe-

cimen already in British Museum) West Indies.

Obs. The specimen from the West Indies already in the Museum,

but not described, has the form of (apparently) two stems which

have fused laterally at one point. It bears several short tubercular

processes, and is forked at the upper end; it measures €0 millims.

in length by 10 in maximum thickness. The calicles differ from

those of the Brazilian specimen in being always round, in being

little, if at all, salient, and in the superior radial length of the

septa ; it also differs immensely from it in relative stoutness, as the

other measures only 15 millims. in length by 2 in thickness. In

both cases the stem has a somewhat oval section; the calicles are

between 1 and 2 millims. apart. The West-Indian specimen was

probably a dead one and somewhat overgrown; so it is fortunate

that one evidently taken alive has been secured. The differences

between the two are important, especially the shape of the calicles,

but apparently not sufficient to justify their separation. This species

is named after the lamented author who was the first to recognize

1 Not marked in the ordinary maps; its position is lat, 20° 42’S., long.

37° 27' W.

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 103

its specific distinctness. It differs from the rest of the genus in the

number of its septa.

ALCYONARIA.

PRIMNOELLA AUSTRALASIE, Gray.

Primnoa australasiea, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1849, p. 146, Radiata, pl. ii.

figs. 8, 9.

SBrtmnnelia australasie, Gray, P. Z.8, 1857, p. 286.

A single specimen, about 54 centims. long; in spirit. It agrees well

with the numerous specimens already in the Museum. Close to the

present base (which, however, is not the original base, as it has been

snapped off from a longer specimen) an empty shark’s egg is attached ;

its two fastenings having, apparently, modified the growth of thie

cortex at their point of attachment.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, S.W. Chili, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom.

HypDROZOA.

HyprorpEa.

Larora pumosa, Fleming.

Sertularia dumosa ?, Montagu ap. Fleming, Edin. Phil. Journ. ti.

. 83.

; Lafoéa dumosa, Hincks, Brit. Hydr. Zooph. i. p. 200, ii. pl. xli.

fig. 1.

Abundant in the creeping form. The calicle is simple, or else

possesses from 1 to 4 rings (old mouths) at different heights.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, S.W. Chili, 30 fathoms, on Sertularel(a.

EvupENDRIUM ARBUSCULUM, d’Orbigny ? (non T. 8. Wright).

Tubularia arbuscula, d’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. mérid. p. 28, pl. xiii.

figs. 11, 12.

The lower part of the stem is made up of contorted tubes, and the

colony resembles EZ. rameum closely in external appearance ; and is

apparently nearly related to it. D’Orbigny makes the stem of about

one diameter throughout, but as in the magnified drawing he depicts

part of it as thicker than the part below it, which is contrary

to analogy, it does not follow that his other figure is correct ;

according to that, the origin of the branchlets is dorsal or ventral,

not lateral, and they take a twist to the side on leaving it. The

stem in the present example is always ringed between the branches,

though to a varying extent, and the branchlets are annulated for

most of their length. Characters of polypites and gonophores

unknown. Maximum height about 80 millims. Several colonies

occur together.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, S.W. Chili, 30 fathoms, from stem of

seaweed?

Haecrum pELICcATULUM, Coughtrey.

Halecium delicatulum, Coughtrey, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4,

xvii. p. 26, pl. iii. figs. 4 & 5.

Several colonies, of 27 millims. height, appear to represent the above

104 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

species ; the stem is about 2 millims. thick at the base, and is strong

and of a dark-brown colour there, but pale yellow at the apex; the

pedicle of the hydrophores (4l/man) varies somewhat in length ; the

first cup, followed by a joint, is generally succeeded by a rather long

space devoid of cups, which then appear close together up to the

number of four in some cases, in others at intervals as great os that

between the first and second. Stem generally simple, but in the

largest ‘example (twisted round by several tubes, possibly foreign to it)

at the base.

Gonosome (not previously described). Gonophores inserted on

pedicle of hydrophores, just below the first joint, by a stalk; they

are transversely oval in outline, and have a thin, very pale capsule.

Hab. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms; on large worm-tube.

SERTULARELLA JOHNSTONI, Gray.

Sertularia johnstoni, Gray, Dieffenbach’s New Zealand, ii. p. 294.

Several specimens, generally pale brown in colour ; the hydrothece

moderately distant, and elongate and free to a great extent, tapering

almost from base, or slightly swollen just above it; lateral teeth

very small, lip sometimes ringed. Gonothecal tube varying from a

short and straight to a prominent trumpet-shaped opening. _Inter-

nodes generally include a large number of calicles, joints very

faintly marked ; oblique rings of stem scanty, often wanting.

A doubtful specimen from Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms, has the

calicle considerably swollen at base, and bent outwards at a spot

about two thirds of its length from that point.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, S W. Chili, 30 fathoms; also Sandy

point, 7-10 fathoms, on large worm-tube.

SERTULARELLA POLYZONIAS.

Sertularella kerguelenensis, Allman, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser.

4, xvii. p. 113.

S. polyzonias, Allman, Phil. Trans. clxviii. p. 282, footnote.

Growing to upwards of an inch in height. The orifice of the

gonangium forms a very short tube; the annulation is continued to

within one quarter of the length from the pedicel. Several colonies.

Represents the southern variety now united to S. polyzonias.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, S.W. Chili, 30 fathoms., on a stiff stem

(Fucus?) ; and ? Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms, on worm-tube (young,

without gonangia).

SERTULARIA TRISPINOSA.

Sertularia trispinosa, Coughtrey, Trans. N.Z. Inst. vil. p. 284,

pl. xx. figs. 14 & 15.

Rises from a creeping fibre. Growth upright; branches very

distinct, and given off equally on both sides. Maximum height

uite 100 millims. No gonangia observed.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan, 6 fathoms, on stem

of seaweed, in company with Polyzoa.

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 105

SERTULARIA FuSIFORMIS, Hutton? (non Hincks).

Sertularia fusiformis, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst. v. p- 257;

Coughtrey, Trans. N.Z. Inst. vii. p. 285, pl. xx. figs. 21-23.

This species appears to be represented by four specimens. The

growth is very strong, and the calicles large (*425 millim. in diameter

at their middle); but they should be described as quadridentate,

though the interior and exterior teeth are very short. The crest,

described by Coughtrey on the upperside of the gonangium, is here, at

any rate, a tube which opens in the side of the gonangium. This is

certainly not the species assigned to Hutton’s species by Allman

(Journ. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 263) under the name of S. episcopus.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, 8.W. Chili, 0-30 fathoms, on coral &c.

HyDROCORALLIN.

LaBIopora ANTARCTICA, Gray.

Porella antarctica, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, ix.

p- 482; P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 746, pl. Ixiv. fig. 4.

Labiopora' antarctica, Moseley, Phil. Trans. 1878, pt. ii. p. 476,

pl. xxxv. fig. 5.

A spirit specimen, the first obtained. It differs from the type

specimen somewhat in habit. Instead of originating by a very broad

stout stem, giving off stout branches which branch into rapidly

tapering pointed twigs, the frond commences to branch almost at its

base, the branches being cylindrical and only about half the diameter

of those of the type specimen, which is of about the same size; hence

their terminal divisions taper much less. The lips of the “ nariform

projections” are, as a rule, thicker than in the other case; and

hence their contained pores are scarcely visible tu the naked eye.

The specimen, which was obtained on the 29th of March, is well

provided with ampulle (absent in the type specimen), about one

millim. in diameter, projecting as low domes between the nariform

projections over the greater part of the branches, some having

already burst. The stock would therefore appear to be female ; but

examination of decalcified fragments failed to detect generative

organs with certainty. The ccenosarcal canals are from *035 to ‘07

millim. in diameter ; the meshes between them vary from the former

diameter to about °14 millim.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, S.W. Chili, 30 fathoms (coated with

Cellepora, Sertularians, &c.). (The type specimen was from a bank

to the east of Tierra del Fuego.)

1 Characters of the Genus Labiopora.—With Mr. Moseley’s concurrence,

I propose that the distinctive characters of the dactylopores of his genus should

be restated as follows :—‘‘ Dactylopores devoid of styles ; two kinds present, the

one opening on the general surface of the ccenosteum, the other within special

areas bounded hy nariform lips.” This change is necessitated by the discovery

of the following new species. The term “few” should be omitted from the

description of the branches, and also the statement that the nariform projections

are applied towards the tips of the branches and have their rounded margins

on this side.

106 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

LABIOPORA MOSELEYI, sp. n. (Plate VI. fig. 11.)

An upright well-branched frond, rising from a somewhat spreading

base and thick stem ; branches lying almost entirely in one plane,

all somewhat flattened from front to back except the terminal ones,

which are cylindrical and taper slightly to their generally somewhat

blunt points; anastomosis between branches frequent. Colour of

stem, base, and anterior and posterior aspects of main branches pale

vermilion in the dry state, the same parts of the terminal branches and

the lateral portions of the main ones deep vermilion. An anterior

clearly distinguishable from a posterior surface, by the development

on it of numerous tubercles, chiefly in the terminal branches, which

are very slightly indicated on the latter. Surface minutely reticulate,

covered (slightly on the anterior face of chief branches and stem,

thickly on lateral faces of main branches and on anterior and lateral

faces of terminal branches) with small rounded tubercles, varying in

height up to about °4 millim., the largest generally pierced by

dactylopores. Dactylopores differing little in size, 7. e. long diameter

from *] to‘l4 millim. ; either round or oval; of two kinds, either

(i) placed in the general surface of the corallum, or (ii) in the

side or near the apex of a tubercle, forming a slit in its side; the

tubercle in this case has a horseshoe-shaped outline, but with a

very thick convex side, as the dactylopore never occupies more than

half the apex of the tubercle, and is generally dominated by the

superior height of the apex of the tubercle; no styles visible. Gas-

tropores found accompanying dactylopores, also to some extent alone

on interior surface of the larger branches; round, provided with

deeply-set styles resembling camel’s-hair brushes, diameter from

32 to 35 millim., each generally accompanied by one tubercular

dactylopore and one to three surface ones. Male gonangium

spherical, closely packed with oval or globular refringent pale

reddish-yellow cells with transparent contents. Ccenosarcal canal-

system closely reticulate ; meshes generally about same diameter as

the canals which form them, viz. ‘035 to ‘07 millim.

Examined. Dry, and by decalcification and subsequent mounting

of pieces in glycerine.

Hab. Port Rosario, S.W. Chili (on the north side of chief island

of Madre-de-Dios archipelago), 2-10 fathoms, on a piece of cal-

careous rock.

Obs. This Coral is of great interest as being closely allied to the

preceding species, the only one known hitherto of the genus Ladiopora,

previously known only by a single dry specimen. It also is represented

by a single dry specimen, but of greater size, measuring 9°5 centims.

in extreme (present) height and 13-4 centims. in extreme present

breadth ; the contrast between the pale-red colour of the stem and

the deep colour of the branches gives it a fine appearance. The

gonangia were not found abundantly, perhaps owing to the early time

(March), at which it was taken. It differs from Z. antarctica in

having an anterior distinguished from a posterior surface, in the

small and uniform size of all the dactylopores, and in their being,

when present on the tubercles, mere excavations in their sides ; for the

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SPONGES OF “ALERT” SURVEY.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 107

latter reason they are with difficulty distinguishable with a lens in

this position, though the naked eye is sufficient to make them out

in L. antarctica; the bareness of the stem and of the greater portion

of the chief branches is perhaps the most striking superficial point of

difference.

The species is dedicated to Mr. H. N. Moseley, to whom we owe

so much for conclusively determining the affinities of the group to

which it belongs. It seems in some respects to connect Errina with

Labiopora, representing a transition from the strongly to the feebly

labiate character of the chief dactylopores. The comparative absence

of prominent dactylopores from the anterior and posterior surfaces

of the frond would be an important character, were it not that both

this and the condition in which they are universally distributed are

found in Erring in the Museum collection. The colour, too, cannot

be appealed to, considering the variations which are shown in this

respect by the kindred genus Stylaster and (if H. fisswrata, Gray is

an Frrina, and if the figure by which we know it was taken from

a macerated specimen) by Hrrina itself.

XI. SPONGIDA.

By Stuart O. Ripiey.

(Plates X., XI.)

Horny and Siliceous Sponges of Magellan Straits, S.W. Chili, and

Atlantic off S.W. Brazil.

With regard to the technical nomenclature of the different parts of

the Sponges here described, the terms employed are used with the

meanings which they bear in Mr. Carter’s writings’. In measuring

the spicules with the view of stating the typical form and size, the

object has been to determine the average largest size of each de-

scribed form ; in each case at least five of the largest of each form

were picked out and measured in order to decide this point. The

diameter given for a spicule is the greatest diameter in each case,

except that of spinulates or similar furms, where the diameter given

is that of the body, not of the head; in the case of spined spicules

the base alone of the spines is included in the measurements.

Considerable details have been given under many of the species

with regard to the structure of allied forms elsewhere described

(chiefly by Bowerbank, Schmidt, and Lamarck). It should be ob-

served that these details are obtained from a fresh and independent

study (1) of actual type specimens or slides as far as these could be

fixed, in the case of the Bowerbankian species; (2) of the slides

and specimens furnished to the Museam by Prot. Schmidt himself,

in the case of the species described by him; (3) of a collection

which undoubtedly represents the type specimens, in the case of

Lamarckian species. The type specimen of Ciocalypta tuberculata,

Carter (see infrd), has also been carefully examined. In all these

1 Of. especially his “Notes Introductory to the Study” &e., Ann. N. H.

(4) xvi. pp. 1-40, 126-145, 177-200.

108 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [ Jan. 4,

cases, therefore, the descriptions here given may be considered, so

far as they go, as revisions of the species in question; I believe

that such revisions of many of the current species are urgently

needed.

Order CERATINA, Carter.

ApLysIna(?) REGULARIS, sp.n. (Plate X. fig. 1.)

Surface even, set with the slightly projecting ends of the primary

skeleton-fibres at intervals of about *5 millim. Vents inconspicuous.

Skeleton regular, of primary fibres at right angles to surface, average

greatest diameter 057 millim.; and of secondary fibres, parallel

to the surface at regular intervals between the primaries, average

greatest diameter about half that of the primaries. Primary fibre

pale amber-colour, composed of a multilaminar horny wall with a

thick innermost lamina, enclosing a faintly granular axis closely

resembling the wall in nature of substance ; axis about one third the

diameter of the fibre. Secondary fibre paler, geuerally fibrillated to

its centre.

Examined. In spirit and by mounting in balsam.

External Characters. Form incrusting. Consists of a sheet of sub-

stance about 2 millims. thick, with a level surface, spreading irregu-

larly over about one square English inch of an immense flexible

worm-tube. Texture soft, very elastic. Colour (in spirit) pale grey.

The surface appears glossy, and is set with a number of minute

projecting points, which occur with some regularity at about

4-millim. intervals over it.

Vents. None apparent. Pores scattered between surface-points,

04 to 1 millim. in diameter.

Main Skeleton. Composed of a set of primary fibres running out-

wards at right angles to surface, and projecting by attenuated points

to a distance of from ‘14 to *32 millim. from the surface (they are

distant from each other at the surface -35 to *7 millim.), of a

secondary set, connecting these, approximately at right angles to

them, distant from each other by ‘18 to‘36 millim., and of a tertiary

set, running parallel to the primary fibres and connecting the median

portions of the secondary fibres. This tertiary set is not always so

fully developed as to extend from the base to the surface of the

Sponge; but it is generally represented by a fibre or two in the in-

terval between each two primary fibres ; it may possibly prove to be

merely the young stage of the primary fibres, from which it differs

in its diameter and structure, being about half as broad as an average

primary fibre, and having but a thin uni- or bilaminar outer wall,

and pale yellow colour, also apparently in not terminating on the

surface by a point : it may give rise to a primary fibre.

Hab. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms, on worm-tube.

Obs. This is probably quite a young specimen; its habits and

size, as compared with those of the other members of the genus

Aplysina, seem to show this. The extremely slight difference in

appearance between the horny wall of the primary fibre and its

granular axis distinguishes it from most, if not all, other Aplysine.

P.Z.S.1881. Pl. X1

SPONGES OF ALERT” SURVEY. *

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 109

The great regularity of its skeleton, and its distinction into two kinds

of fibres differentiates it from Dendrospongia, Hyatt, as well as from

the other known species of its genus. ‘The characters of the axial

fibre-substance distinguish it from Verongia, Bowerbank.

Order PSAMMONEMATA, Carter.

Hircrnta wisprpa, Lamarck (sp.).

Spongia hispida, Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. xx. p. 452.

External Characters’. The single (spirit) specimen agrees fairly

well with the characters assigned to this species by Lamarck (J. c.),

and with the specimen of the species already in the British Museum.

It being, however, evidently young, the branching character is no

more than indicated by the extension outwards of a rounded lobe

from each side; and as it is a well-preserved spirit specimen, the

small foramina of Lamarck’s description and of the dried specimen are

wanting. It is sessile by a broad base, and suboval in outline, the

Jong axis extending from side to side. Surface uneven, rendered

coarsely hispid by the projecting ends of the primary skeleton-fibres,

arranged at intervals of from °5 to 1:75 millim. (to 2 in the

dried state). Colour in spirit dark brown, slightly rufous; of dry

skeleton, pale yellow-brown.

Vents few, round ; diameter in spirit 1°5 millim., in dried specimen

2 to 3:5 millims. Pores?

Skeleton. Consists of a set of stout primary, generally sand-cored,

fibres running outwards from the interior, each terminating at right

angles to the surface in one of the surface-papille. These are con-

nected by a secondary set, consisting of an irregular network of

much finer, uncored fibres, meeting the primary fibres at acute

angles, and forming by their branching and anastomosis irregularly

diamond-shaped meshes. Surface network formed by secondary

fibres connected with the interior secondary-fibre network, and

laterally with the apices of the primary fibres. Primary fibres

cored by coarse foreign bodies, which are enveloped by pale-yellow

horny matter, but which generally occupy all the fibre except a slight

external film, and cause it to bulge largely at the sides; diameter

from *0507 to *235 millim. in the spirit, from *038 to 0834 in the dry

specimen. It should be noted with regard to this discrepancy that

the foreign bodies in the latter are much smaller than in the former,

and being many of them sponge-spicules, which protruded from the

fibre, were not included entirely in the estimate of the diameter as

given here. There is considerable irregularity as to whether the

fibre is cored throughout or not in this specimen, which may be due

to the reason suggested by Hyatt* for a similar fact observed in

Carteriospongia otahitica, viz. the relatively smaller amount of

accessible material for the core in the one case. Secondary fibres

obscurely striated, the external lamine denser than the internal ones,

' All the characters are taken from the spirit specimen, deviations in the dry

one being noticed.

? Mem. Bost. Soe. ii. pt. iv. p. 541.

110 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

sometimes giving somewhat the appearance of an Aplysina-fibre to

it; generally with a fine dark axial line (rarely seen in the dry

specimen); transparent, pale yellow; diameter ‘006334 to *038

millim. in the spirit, ‘006334 to ‘057 in the dry specimen.

Parenchyma brownish yellow, granular, subopaque in the spirit

Specimen; apparently represented by shreds of almost colourless

transparent material, carrying small and large foreigu bodies, in the

dry one.

a In spirit in the dried state, and by mounting in

balsam.

Hab. Tom Bay (Trinidad Channel, off chief island of Madre-de-

Dios archipelago), in S.W. Chili, 0-30 fathoms, on Idmonea

(Dr. Coppinger). ‘Southern Seas” (Péron et Lesueur, apud La-

marck').

Obs. Advantage has been taken of the discovery of a good spirit

specimen to give the characters of the sponge in full, as Lamarck’s

description is insufficient.

Order RHAPHIDONEMATA, Carter.

CHALINA COPPINGERI, sp. n. (Plate X. fig. 2.)

Sponge suboval, slightly compressed ; sessile by elongate base.

Colour bright amber-brown. Texture very elastic and soft. Sur-

face almost smooth. A single round vent on one side, 3 millims. in

diameter, penetrating deeply. Pores? Skeleton Chalinoid, very

regular. Main primary fibres running at right angles to surface,

from which they project by sharp points by’088 to °32 millim., spicu-

lated throughout with two or three series of axially placed spicules ;

diameter of fibre *07 to ‘089 millim. Secondary fibres at right

augles to the preceding, and of about the same diameter; spicula

1-serial ; both kinds of a pale amber-colour, very distinctly laminated.

A young, intermediate series of fibres, parallel to each of the pre-

ceding, occupies the wide spaces which exist between them, containing

one series of spicula; diameter of fibre ‘006334 to ‘03167 millim.

Dermal skeleton of same general structure as main skeleton, the

intermediate fibres form smaller and less regular meshes. Spicules

slender, smooth, acerate, straight or slightly curved, tapering to

sharp points from near to the ends, average maximum size ‘1013 by

0025 millim. ; sarcode transparent, almost colourless, with scattered

spicula.

Examined. In spirit and by mounting in balsam.

Hab. Victoria Bank’, off 8.E. Brazil, 39 fathoms; growing on

an erect calcareous Polyzoon. One specimen.

Obs. This Sponge is of the shape, and about two thirds the size, of

a hazel-nut; it has lost most of its sarcode, but is otherwise well

preserved. The MS. species C. argus, Schmidt, from Florida,

resembles it very closely in microscopic characters ; but the fibre is

1 Loe. cit. supra.

? This bank isnot marked in the ordinary maps ; its position is lat. 20° 42'S.,

long. 37° 27' W.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 111

generally less thick than in our species. When the external characters

of this Sponge are known, it may perhaps prove to be identical with

our species.

Of several Sponges which have almost identically the same spicule

may be mentioned :—Spongia arborescens, Lamarck, said to inhabit

the ‘seas of America;’’ Chalina limbata, Bowerbank (Montagu?), and

C. gracilenta, Bowerbank, Britain. The latter is probably the nearest-

allied species which has been described, but differs in having the

spicules much more numerous in the fibres, in having a less elaborate

intermediate set of fibres, in the slightly inferior length (about ‘08

millim.) of the spicules, and the coating habit of growth.

The specific name has been given to it in honour of the discoverer,

Dr. R. W. Coppinger, who has, by the richness in species of this

valuable collection, and by the good condition in which he has sent

the specimens, made so important an addition to our knowledge of

the Sponge-fauna of a region in which. it has been hitherto almost

entirely uninvestigated.

SIPHONOCHALINA FORTIS, sp. n. (Plate X. fig. 3.)

Erect, tubular. Tube dilated in some parts. Mouth single,

unfringed. Main skeleton composed of a set of primary horny

fibres radiating from inner to outer surface, projecting from the

latter by short points, diameter from *14 to ‘25 millim.; and of a

secondary set at right angles to the former, diameter from ‘07 to

‘14 millim.; both sets amber-brown in colour, Primary fibres

cored by an axial series of proper spicules, 3 to 5 spicules broad,

often somewhat scattered ; secondary fibres cored by an axial series

of proper spicules, 1 to 2 spicules in breadth. Dermal skeleton

composed of a rectangular network of pale-brown fibre from °0095.

to ‘025 millim. in diameter, extending between points of primary

fibres, generally cored by 1 to 2 series of spicules. Parenchyma

transparent, almost colourless. Spicules of one kind in skeleton and

flesh, viz. smooth acerate, tapering to sharp points from about 23

diameters from the ends; size °07284 by ‘00739 millim.

Examined. Dry and by mounting in balsam.

External Characters. The single specimen consists of a tube which

has been torn from a larger mass, and might well, when perfect,

have had the general form of the specimen figured! as Callyspongia

bullata by Duchassaing de Fontbressin andG. Michelotti, and referred

by Schmidt’, with great probability, to a species of Siphonochalina.

The tube is 40 millims. in height, 17 millims. at its greatest, 11

millims. at its smallest diameter ; it has somewhat the outline of

an hour-glass, being constricted to 11 millims. at about 10 millims.

from the mouth ; it is circular, with walls varying from | to 4 millims.

thick. It has lost most of its sarcode and much of its dermal skeleton.

The edge of the mouth is level all round, and shows no trace of a

fringe of projecting fibres.

Vents. These are probably represented by the single mouth.

! Spong. Mer. Caraib., pl. x. fig. 5. 2 Spong. atl. Geb. p. 33.

112 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

Pores. The dermis is not sufficiently well preserved to show

them.

Hab, Portland Bay, Chili(in the channel between the chief island

of the Madre-de-Dios archipelago and the mainland), 10 fathoms.

Obs. The nearest identifiable ally of this Sponge appears to be

that described by Schmidt! as Siphonochalina bullata, which, as

already observed, it probably resembled closely in external characters.

It is not certain that that Sponge is identical with the Callyspongia

bullata of Duchassaing de Fontbressin and Michelotti; and it cer-

tainly is not the Spongia bullata of Lamarck, which those authors

consider their Sponge to be. The chief distinguishing characters of

the two Sponges are as follows :—

External Characters, Main Skeleton. Spicules.

Form tubular, perhaps Network open. Two Acerate, tapering ab-

rising from an en- sets of fibres regu- ruptly. Size ‘07284

Sip ret fortis larged base. larly arranged at by ‘0079 millim.

(Chili). right angles; fibres ;

from ‘07 to °25 mm. he

in diameter. f

(Several tubes rising Network close. Two Acerate, tapering ab-

S. bullata, Schmidt | from one base. sets of fibres regu- ruptly, size ‘076 by

(?Duch. et Mich.,non { larly arranged at 025337.

Lamk.), (West In- right angles; fibres

dies). 1 from :0355 to -1065

\ mm. in diameter.

CLADOCHALINA ARMIGERA, Schmidt (nou Duch. de Fontbressin

et Michelotti), var. PERGAMENTACEA, nov. (Plate X. fig. 4.)

Cladochalina armigera, O. Schmidt, Spong. atl. Geb. p. 35.

A fine dried speciinen appears to represent this species, although

it shows some important differences from it.

External Characters. Suberect, elongated, flattened from side to

side, the long diameter being about three times as great as the short

diameter ; the upper of the two edges bears most of the vents. It

is curiously bent to form an angle of 60° at about its middle, so that

the apex nearly touches the rock on which it stands. Surface even

except near the vents, and smooth, though finely striated by a sub-

dermal and a dermal network of coarser and finer fibres respectively.

Colour pale brown. Vents subcircular, long diameter from 1°5

to 3 millims., occurring at intervals of 8 to 15 millims. along the edges

of the Sponge; they stand out on small rounded eminences to a

height of about 1 millim. from the surface, and end in a reticulated

bottom at from 2 to 4 millims. below the edge. Pores?

Main Skeleton. Composed of a vertical (‘‘ deep”) set of strong

horny fibres, of *04434 millim. average diameter, coming from the

centre, giving off numerous smaller branches laterally, and meeting at

right angles a stout (‘‘ subdermal ”’) set of fibres, diameter ‘056 to

‘14 millim., which run along parallel with the surface, branching

and anastomosing so as to form the coarser meshes of the surface,

and havea tetra- to polygonal outline. Thesubdermal network forms

1 Spong. atl. Geb. p. 33.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT. 113

an external framework, which is the main agent in giving the Sponge

its firmness. Arising from this subdermal network, and generally

closely enveloping it, is a much finer (“‘dermal”’) network or veil

(corresponding in relations to the veil on which Schmidt based his

genus Ditela, afterwards reunited to Spongia) ; its fibres are derived

from the upper surface of the subdermal fibres by smaller branches,

which branching out horizontally become much finer; the finest

form the finer part of the network, of which the coarser form the

supporting ribs; the diameter varies from ‘02534 millim. for the

coarsest to ‘00475 millim. for the finest fibres. ‘The “ veil,” how-

ever, at the free end and at the lower edge of the Sponge projects

beyond it as a loose envelope. The fibres are very transparent, of a

pale amber-colour of various shades, and are delicately laminated.

The vertical and smaller subdermal fibres are cored by a uni-

serial row of fine acerate spicules, placed end to end. In the freely

projecting parts of the veil the stouter dermal fibres may be cored by

spicules quinqueserially arranged ; the finer dermal fibres are cored by

uniserial acerates, although these are often wanting for considerable

tracts, or only present at intervals. Parenchyma transparent. The

‘spicules apparently sometimes occur singly or in groups in the

stout subdermal fibres; possibly others have been present and

been absorbed. Skeleton-spicules smooth, fine, acerate, tapering

somewhat gradually to sharp points, nearly straight; size ‘076 by

001267 millim. ; many of them have undergone more or less absorp-

tion. Flesh-spicules same as of skeleton.

Examined. In the dried state and by mounting in balsam.

Hab. Hotspur Bank, off east coast of Brazil (lat. 17° 32' S.,

long. 35° 46’ W.), 35 fathoms, on piece of calcareous rock.

Obs. As Schmidt’s account is very short, and as the specimen is well

preserved, the characters of the Sponge are given fully. The chief

differences between this specimen and Schmidt’s appear to be :—(1)

the superficial (not axial) position in the stout subdermal fibre of the

spicules in the former; (2) the inferior diameter of that fibre as

compared with the present specimen (being as 3 to 5); (3) the

branching of Schmidt’s specimen, and (4) its bearing (as appears

from his referring to Duch. de Fontbressin and Michelotti’s species)

small spinous processes on its surface; and (5), lastly, the superior

proportions of the spicules of Schmidt’s specimen, which measure

0887 by 00211 millim. These differences justify the separation of

this form at least as a well-marked variety, although our acquaintance

with the Chalinide appears to be too limited and their characters too

few to admit of distinguishing it as a species at present. Attention

is particularly called to the beauty and complexity of the arrange-

ment of the skeleton.

The above differences may be thus tabulated :—

Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1881, No. VIII. 8

114 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING (Jan. 4,

External Characters. Skeleton. Spicules.

(Erect, branched; sur- Stoutest fibre super- Size ‘0887 by ‘00211

Cladochalinaarmigera,| face covered with ficially cored by millim.

Schmidt (Florida{ spines; vents scat- spicules; its maxi-

and Antilles). | tered, 3 millims. in mum diameter about

| diameter. 884 millim.

(Suberect, unbranched; Stoutest fibre some- Size ‘076 by -001267

as | surface smooth, only times cored, axially, millim.

C. armigera, var. Pe'- | vendered uneven by by spicules; max-

Tae (Atlan; 4 the two series of imuin diameter 14

tic, off Hast Brazil). | vents, 2to 3 millims. millim.

{in diameter.

Order EcuiNONEMATA, Carter.

PHAKELLIA EGREGIA, sp. n. (Plate X. fig. 6.)

Form erect, stipitate, ramose ; bases of branches flattened, ends

rounded. Surface hirsute, owing to freedom of echinating columns

from the axial skeleton for from *7 to 1°25 millim. of their length.

Colour (in spirit) yellowish white. Skeleton-axis typically Axinellid,

diameter about the same as the length of an echinating column;

longitudinal lines from *18 to ‘25 millim. apart, multispicular, com-

pact. Echinating columns very distinct, connected with each other

for about one third of their length by horizontal bars of single spicules,

and strongly echinated from their bases upwards. Parenchyma very

pale yellow, slightly granular.

Skeleton-spicules of four kinds, viz.:—(1)Setaceous acuate, smooth,

slightly curved, tapering to sharp point, very frequently swollen

near its base, size 1:207 by ‘01268 millim., springing from axis and

lying between echinating columns. (2) Stouter, smooth, slightly curved

acuate, tapering to less sharp point, size either ‘8875 by ‘019 millim.

from within echinating columns, or *38 by ‘07416 when echinating

the columns. (3) Smooth acuate, sharply bent at about one fourth of

its length from the base, tapering to sharp point, size 2534 by :0095

millim., forming the bulk of the echinating and axial meshwork spi-

cules. (4) Smooth acerate, sharply bent, tapering to sharp points,

size °304 by °01267 millim., forming part of the horizontal or cross

series of spicules, which lie between the echinating columns and

between the axial columns, not abundant. No flesh-spicules.

Examined. In spirit and by mounting in balsam.

External Characters. It is about 65 millims. high, and has a short

pedicel rising from a slight basal expansion. The branches lie ap-

proximately in one plane. It is firm in texture, owing to its well-

developed axis. The sarcode invests all but from *5 to ‘8 millim. of

the ends of the echinating columns. No oscula or pores were made

out. Skeleton very regular. The echinating spicules project in great

numbers from the columns at the usual acute angle. Spicules. The

thick long acuates apparently form the backbone of the echinating

columns, though they are not always to be made out : the shorter ones,

of nearly the same breadth, occur in small numbers among the

smaller echinating spicules. The small number of acerates present

may be due tothe youth of the specimen; they are to be made

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 115

out, however, in almost every piece examined, and aie well pre-

served and constant in their positions.

Hab. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms (on a piece of shell).

This specimen is finely preserved and is probably young.

Obs. The formation of the axial network mainly by short acuate

spicules, and echination of the axial column by isolated long acuates

in addition to the diverging columns, distinguish, at any rate by

the perfection to which they are here carried out, this species from

all the species which have been assigned to either of the closely

allied genera Phakellia and Dictyocylindrus. The absence of cylin-

drical spicules differentiatesit from P. ventilabrum and P. folium, Sdt.,

but can hardly be said to ally it very closely to the other two species,

P. robusta and P. tenax, which are similarly circumstanced ; for in

the one the long isolated acuates are wanting, and in the other a

small spined cylindrical echinates the fibres. The long acuate occurs,

however, in many other Axinellida. Probably Awinella cinnamomea,

Sdt., from the Adriatic and Algiers, is the species most closely allied

to ours, of known forms—though the short acuate is scarcely bent at

all as it is here, and it wants the very stout long and short acuates

which seem to connect this species with the Atlantic species 4. mas-

tophora, where these assume such a striking size.

Some of the chief differences between P. cinnamomea, Sdt., and

this Sponge may be thus stated :—

Shorter Slender

Acerate Spicules. Acuate. Stout Acuate.

(Sharply bent, tapering Very scarce; possibly Wanting.

radually. Size444 notproperto sponge;

Asinella cinnamomea,| © ae : :

rn 3 by ‘01267 millim. slightly bent. Size

Sdt. (Adriatic and 4 y ae "2837 i. “3863 i

aren) 01086 to ‘01267

; millim.

Phakellia — egregia { As in preceding. Size Veryabundant;sharp- ‘Iwo sizes occur.

(Straits of Magel- ‘304 by 01267 mm. —ly bent. Size +2534

lan). \ by °0095 millim.

Order HoLORRHAPHIDOTA, Carter.

CIOCALYPTA CALVA, sp. n. (Plate X. fig. 7.)

Massive. Surface smooth. Structure of Sponge cavernous.

Colour whitish. Skeleton of widely separate spiculo-fibres rising

from base, where they are contorted and form a layer. Fibres stout,

flattened, multispicular, spicules parallel in them ; at base containing

a margin of sarcode of one fourth of diameter of fibre, superiorly

becoming approximately Holorrhaphidote ; beginning to branch and

anastomose about halfway between base and dermis, ending in

dermal membrane in tufts of slightly diverging spicules, which

spread on the membrane without meeting neighbouring tufts.

Dermis otherwise naked, subopaque, thin, fragile. Skeleton-spi-

cule acuate, slightly bent, tapering from head to a sharp point, size

‘577 by *01267 millim. No flesh-spicule. fe

116 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING Jan. 4,

Examined. Tn spirit and by mounting in balsam.

External Characters. Sessile, forming a beehive-shaped mass

about 18 millims. deep by about 50 millims. long and 36 broad,

growing on the surface of a large flexible worm-tube. Surface

curved both actually and relatively to its base, so that the thickness

of the Sponge at the edges is almost nil. Surface slightly irregular,

owing to depressions between the ends of the skeleton-fibres, covered

externally by a dirty-white dermis of the same colour as the fibres.

Surface of dermis smooth.

Vents? Pores apparently represented by oval openings, from

‘633 to ‘16 millim. in diameter, occurring in groups.

Fibre resembling that of Desmacidon fruticosum, Johnston, in

amount of soft material, except at base, where the spicules lying in

the centre occupy only about half the diameter of the fibre, and give

it a strongly Chalinoid appearance. Spicules lying parallel in the

fibre, projecting from it only at the dermis. Soft material of

fibre granular, yellowish, subopaque, not resembling ordinary horny

fibre. Number of spicules in diameter of fibre varies from about

15 millims. in larger to 3 or 4 in small lateral fibres.

Parenchyma. Yellowish white, granular, adhering to fibres.

Dermai Membrane. Yellowish white, granular, in some parts pos-

sessing muscular or other fibres, apparently arising from beneath it.

Skeleton-spicule. Of one kind, acuate, slightly bent, tapering

gradually from a well-rounded head to a sharp point. Size 577

by :01267 millim.

Flesh-spicule. None.

Hob. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms ; on large worm-tube.

Obs. The strongly ceratinous character of the base of the fibres,

the absence of fistulee, and the absence of dense spicular axes from

which the fibres should radiate, all tend at first sight to separate

this species from the genus Ciocalypta, and, in fact, exclude it from

that genus, if we limit it to forms included by Dr. Bowerbank’s

diagnosis ; but the general structure of the fibre and the mode of

termination of its outer extremity, together with the general agree-

ment in the form of the spicules, ally it too closely to C. penicillus

and C. leet to allow of a distinct generic appellation at this time,

especially as the method of growth suggests that it may be merely

a young or sessile form of a species closely allied to C. Jeez. The

proportions of the skeleton-acuates are :—

C. penicillus, Bowerbank. Britain. 6035 by *02058 millim.

C. lee, Bowerbank. Britain. “0 (s<trgs OLY

C. calva, Magellan. °577 ,, ‘01267

2?

3

C. tuberculata’, Carter, is closely allied to these, but has a

skeleton-spicule ‘023223 millim. in diameter.

The specimen is remarkable for containing in its dermis a number

of spicules belonging to Hsperia magellanica’.

' Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, xviil. p. 255.

* Cf. Journ, Linn. Soc. (Zool.), xv. p. 149.

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 117

EsPERIA MAGELLANICA, sp.n. (Plate X. fig. 5.)

Massive, subcylindrical. Surface and interior coloured by cells

containing a dark pigment. Dermis fragile, with a coarse skeletal

network. Main skeleton composed of a central irregular compact

meshwork, which sends ramifying and anastomosing fibres to the

dermis. Fibres of main and dermal skeleton stout, composed of

parallel spicula with a minimum of sarcode. Skeleton-spicules of

one form only, viz. spinulate, with a very slightly marked oval

head ; length -4615 to °544 millim., breadth ‘01267 millim. Paren-

chyma pale yellow to ochreous brown when dry, dirty white in spirit.

Flesh-spicules of two forms, viz.:—(i.) inequianchorate with the

large palm about 5® of the total length of the spicule, and its lower

angles turned upwards and inwards, length ‘0444 to °05384 millim.,

seattered ; and (ii.) minute acerate, generally in bundles of two to

four, sharply pointed, length :0444 to 0634, breadth about ‘001055

millim., scarce.

Examined. In spirit, in dried state, and mounted in balsam.

Lxternal Characters’. Form irregularly cylindrical, rounded off

rapidly below to a narrow base of attachment, and provided above

with a slight neck at about 30 millims. from the superior extre-

mity, where it is also rounded off. Below the neck the greatest

diameter is about 60 millims., above it about 45 millims.; total length

120 millims. Colour in life very variable, yellow or green; in spirit

grey, or dirty-white (in the dried specimens ranging from yellowish

white toanochreous brown). Surface entirely covered with mammi-

form papille, from 3 to 6 millims. in greatest diameter, often

coalescing into ridges; provided at the superior extremity with two

circular vent-openings, respectively 7 and 8 millinis. in diameter,

probably much larger in life. ‘Texture delicate, very readily com-

pressible. Pores?

Minute Structure of Surface. Surface covered by a fragile dermis, of

the thickness and texture (when wet) of blotting-paper, composed of a

single layer of more or less loose spiculo-fibre, with polygonal meshes

from *25 to *5 millim. in diameter, tympanized by avery pale brown

sarcode more or less interspersed with loose spicules and greenish-

brown granular cells, sometimes having the centre occupied by a

dark patch of pigment.

The minute acerates occur in bundles of two to four, occa-

sionally scattered ; they are straight and sharply pointed at both

ends. They are found at the sides of the dermal and main skeleton-

fibres. They are of scarce occurrence ; and for that reason and from

the need of an exceptionally good light for finding them, they

constitute an inconvenient character for reference. Probably they

invariably occur in the place of tricurvates in Lsperia, where these

are absent.

Hab. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms; bottom, dead Balani, some of

which are still, together with a good-sized Terebratula, embedded

in its base.

Seven dry specimens from Otter Island, Patagonia, representing

' These refer to the spirit specimen, except where otherwise stated.

118 [Jan. 4,

three specimens, were already in the Museum collection, and are evi-

dently pieces of those mentioned by Dr. Cunningham at p. 481 of his

‘Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan.’ The

following are their chief characters, arranged for comparison with

ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING

those of the type specimen.

It cannot, unfortunately, be deter-

mined which pieces formed part of the same original specimens :—

Subspinulate /Inequianchorate Bundles of

aaichie: a Aoule, Acerates. Other characters.

INO! Clie saaite. eVenes Shape as in type;) Shape as in | Scarce; ‘057 mm.| Surface ridged rather

‘497 mm. long by| type; ‘04434 | long. than papillose.

‘01267. mm, long.

INO2 shetensetarsscs IDO Near dienes ease Shapeasintype;| (Curved, very | Surface do.

‘05384 mm.| scarce; 07842

long. mm. long ?)

INOW Oye ernesteets en DD TRU OW. case eemsercit Shapeasintype;| ? Surface do.; vents?

04434 mm.

long.

INGHA Fasscectaasees Shape as in type ;| Shapeasintype;) Very scarce, gene-| Surface papillose in

‘4615 mm. by| ‘05067 mmz.| rally scattered;} one part, ridged in

‘01267 long. ‘06334 mm. long.) another.

No.) (5) (GQnost lof sAsneNoy Les. Asin No.1 ...| Very scarce; Surface the same; a

surface gone). 0423389 mm. large internal cavity.

long. Apparently 2 vents.

INO; 6 Saneenescsase ss Shape as in type;| Shapeasintype;) Very scarce ; Surface ridged. Vents

488 mm. by 047506 mm.| :044339 mm. 3?

01267, long. long.

INOS37 oanes Sey AsuneNo. Wl, tree Shape asintype;) Ditto. Surface ridged and

705067 = mm. papillose.

long.

Type specimen] *544 by ‘01267 | :0475mm.long.) Scarce; ‘(057 mm.) Surface mostly papil-

from Sandy Pt. | mm. | long. lose. Vents 2.

All possess an abundance of the characteristic dark pigment, but

concentrated at the centres of well-defined cells, whereas in the

spirit specimen from Magellan’s Straits it is generally, though not

always, scattered over the cells.

It is very probable that the wrinkled or ridged character pre-

sented by the dermis of most of the dried specimens is due to the

fact of their having been dried. In all cases except that of the

extraordinarily broad specimen No. 6, the external characters of

shape, surface-reticulation, and colour agree very closely in all the

dried specimens, and must be almost, if not quite, identical with

those which would be presented by the spirit specimen if it were

dried.

Obs. This Sponge belongs to the section of Esperia which is

devoid of bihamate flesh-spicules. It is to be wished that a distinct

genus were formed for the reception of the numerous forms which

belong to it. Possibly Rhaphidotheca, Kent, may ultimately be

found to satisfy the requirements of the case (cf. Mr. Carter’s re-

marks in the Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. ii. p. 498); but until the

questions which are suggested by the description of the type species

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 119

of that genus are settled, it will be well to adhere to the more com-

prehensive term Esperia for these forms.

The nearest allies of this Sponge, of which intelligible descriptions

or specimens are available, appear to be :—

Spinulate spicule Sens

pene E * — anchorate.

Esperia nodosa, Schmidt, | 4117 by :011085 0577 mm. ‘057 mm.

Adr. Meer, Suppl.i.p.33 f mm.

Acerates,

(Adriatic).

E. bowerbanhi, id. Adr.] About same as ‘06334mm. Ditto.

Meer. p. 55 (Adriatic)... f preceding.

a a ae 399 by 0095mm. °05384mm. -0475 mm.

EL. rhopalophora and E. intermedia, Schmidt, from the North

Atlantic, may perhaps prove, when more fully described, to come

near this species. Rhaphidotheca affnis, Carter, from off the north

of Scotland, differs but slightly from it in the forms of its spicules ;

but their sizes are greater.

For details of appearance in life see Dr. Cunningham’s work on

the Straits of Magellan above mentioned.

ALEBION PROXIMUM, sp. n. (Plate X. fig. 8.)

Incrusting. Surface covered with numerous narrow conyolutions,

and minutely roughened ; vents scattered, ‘2 to ‘3 millim. in dia-

meter. Colour dark brown. Main skeleton composed of primary

columns of spiculo-fibre running from base towards surface ; fibres 5

to 6 spicules thick, crossed by secondary bars approximately at right

angles, bars 2 to 5 spicules thick. Dermal skeleton a regular poly-

gonal network of spiculo-fibre, 1 to 5 spicules thick, beneath which

he irregular tracts of cylindrical spicules. Spicules united in fibres

by a minimum of sarcode. Parenchyma very granular, reddish

brown. Skeleton-spicules of two kinds :—(i) acuate, covered from base

to apex with short spines, tapering from within about 5 diameters of

apex to a sharp point, size *15835 by ‘0095 millim., in main and der-

mal skeleton ; (ii) cylindrical, tapering from middle to a neck, termi-

nated by a distinctly spined head, at each end, size :15835 by +0079

millim., in subdermal tracts. Flesh-spicules of two kinds :—(i) inequi-

anchorate, upper palm conical in outline, inferior edges angulated,

shaft slender, lower palm small, triangular, terminated by a sharp

point, length °02534 millim., scattered; (ii.) bipociilate, exactly

similar to that of the British species Halichondria hyndmani,

Bowerbank, size ‘01056 millim. broad (from back of shaft to front

_ of the curves), scattered.

Examined. In spirit and by mounting in balsam.

External Characters. This species is represented by a specimen

coating one valve of a Pecten. It resembles Halichondria hyndmani

and other nearly allied British forms in its corrugated surface. At

the centre of the shell it is merely a brown film. The convolutions

are sometimes substellately arranged, and may be as much ag

120 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

2 millims. in height. Pores? Vents distant from each other by 2

to 7 diameters. Texture fragile.

Skeleton appears somewhat confused in transverse sections ; but

this is partly due to the opacity of the sarcode, which conceals in

part the relations of the fibres. Spicules aggregated loosely in

fibres. The colour of the parenchyma resembles that of most

Microcione and most of the British Halichondrie (Bowerbank)

which are related to this species.

Skeleton-spicules. The heads of the cylindricals are well marked,

being nearly as broad as the maximum diameter of the shaft ; their

external halves are covered with small but distinct spines. The

whole spicule presents an exaggerated form of the corresponding

type in 4. pattersoni, H. hyndinani, and H. ingalli (in which species

its head is faintly microspined). Flesh-spicules. 'Vhe inequiancho-

rate is of the same form, down to the inferior spine of the small

palm, as in the above-named species, as is the bipocillate (‘‘ bipo-

cillated anchorate’’ of Bowerbank, “ grotesque spicule” of Carter).

The latter, which was very seldom found in the microscopic mount-

ings, is decidedly larger than in any of the British allied species.

For further relations to these forms, see table of comparison (infrd)

with the ¢ype specimens of Bowerbank’s species.

Hab. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms (on a Pecten).

Spicules—Characters and Proportions.

: yet | Inequi- eae

Spined Acuate. Cylindrical, | Paver ee Bipocillate.

Alebion proximwn Slightly spined all} With distinct heads; As in British] As in British

(Straits of Magel-| over;taperingfrom| ‘15835 by :0079| species. species.

lan). near apex; *15835| mm. °025337mm.| *01056 mm.

by ‘0095 mm, long. broad.

A, (Halichondria) | Slightly spined all} Heads scarcely di-| ‘025337 long.| About -008

pattersoni, Bowk.| over; tapering from} stinguishable from mm. broad.

(Britain). near middle; 23436) shaft; °247 by

by 010537. 006334.

A. (H.) hyndmani,| Spines mostly near} Very slight, faintly] ‘02275 long. | 008445 mm.

Bowk, (Britain). base; tapering from! spined heads;"19636 broad.

middle; +228 by| by ‘038.

0095.

A.(H.) ingalli,Bowk.| Spines mostly near} Heads less visible} ‘01583 long. | -008445mm.

(Britain). base; tapering from] and less spinedthan broad.

middle; °152 by} in preceding ; 1457

006334. by 02534.

Alebion, Gray (P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 534) seems to be the only genus

at all correctly defined, of the four in which he has placed these and

the allied species ; the character of “ branching”’ should, however, be

omitted from it.

Probably Myzilla rubiginosa, Sdt., from the Adriatic, is allied to

these forms; but Schmidt does not mention any minute flesh-

spicules from it,

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S, ‘ALERT.’ 121

HyMeEDEsMIA POLITA, sp. n. (Plate X. fig. 9.)

Incrusting, thin. Surface glabrous, with minute scattered points,

dark umber-browu. Vents chiefly grouped two or three together,

minute. Pores scattered. Main skeleton of short primary spicular

columns extending directly from base to surface, which break into a

slight brush just below surface, and slightly project from it ; bases

surrounded by groups of small spined acuate spicules. Dermal

skeleton of a thin loose spiculo-fibre connecting the primary columns.

Sarcode reddish brown. Main skeleton-spicules of two kinds :—

(i) Spined acuate, spines reaching to within one fourth of length of

the sharp apex, most strongly developed at base, size ‘25337 by

‘00887 millim.; (ii) smooth acuates tapering from head almost to

the apex, which is abruptly pointed, size +2407 by :0038 millim.

Dermal skeleton-spicules same as latter. The small spined acuates

are entirely spined, size *10135 by ‘006334 millim. Flesh-spicules

confined to dermis, of one kind, viz. equianchorates in rosette-like

groups, shaft slender, front palms entire, with a straight lower

edge, tubercle prominent, length ‘01267 millim.

Examined. In spirit and by mounting in balsam.

In ewternal characters the single specimen is incrusting, very

thin (about *6 millim. greatest thickness); surface slightly un-

even, glabrous, minutely punctate. Colour very dark umber-brown

in spirit. Vents chiefly in groups of 2 or 3, oval or circular, open-

ing obliquely to surface; diameter about °25 millim. Pores oval,

scattered, numerous, about ‘07 millim. in greatest diameter.

Skeleton. No distinct basal membrane. Some lines of fine

long acuates lie at the base. A set of distinct primary spicular

bundles spring from the base at from*18 to °36 millim. apart ; their

bases are surrounded by groups of spined acuate spicules; they

proceed to surface approximately at right angles to it; and their spi-

cules diverge laterally, echinating the fibre until just below the

surface, where they diverge slightly; the apices of the terminal

spicules project beyond the surface slightly.

Dermis. Lines of fine long subparallel acuate spicules extend

between the apices of the primary skeleton-columns, diverging from

one another where the lines are bent.

Hab. On a Balanus sessile on large worm-tube. Sandy Point,

7-10 fathoms.

Obs. It approaches Microciona tuberosa, Bowerbank, from the

Straits of Malacca, very closely in spiculation and some other

characters.

Microciona tuberosa, Bowk. Hymedesmia polita. (Ma-

(Straits of Malacca.) gellan.)

Sometimes basally micro- Always smooth. Length

1. Slender Acuate } spined very _ slightly. ‘2407 mm.; breadth -0088,

Spicule. Length :285 mm. ; breadth

00475.

Length '2487mm.; breadth length. Length +25337

095, mm,; breadth ‘00887,

2, Stout Long Only slightly uneven at base. Spined for at least half of

Acuate.

122

Microciona tubcrosa, Bowk.

(Straits of Malacca.)

Spined all over. Length

3. Small Spined ‘1077 mm. ; breadth ‘0079.

Acuate.

4, Equianchorate.

Very thinly incrusting?,

sending out at intervals

ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING

[ Jan. 4,

Hymedesmia polita.

gellan.)

Spined all over,

101385 =mm.;

‘006334.

(Ma-

Length

breadth

Same characters in both.

Incrusting. Echinating

columns buried in sarcode,

Habit cass ovssonnes. echinated columns about with the exception of ter-

34 mm. long. minal spicule-points.

Externally echinated by Smooth, except at points of

pernis small spined acuates; sar- projection of skeleton-

gates wip: code dark, not constantly bundles; slightly but con-

spicular. stantly spicular.

SArcode vescacsceses Granular, reddish brown. Granular, reddish brown.

This appears to be its nearest described ally; but it is placed

with Hymedesmia provisionally (in spite of its wanting the bihamate

spicule found in the type, H. zetlandica) in preference to Mywilla

and Microciona, owing to its fundamental divergence in spiculation

from the type species of those genera.

(Note. Any discrepancies between this account of M. tuéderosa and

that given by Dr. Bowerbank in his description in Proc. Zool. Soc.

1875, p. 281, are justified by an examination of the type specimen.

The “ somewhat complicated rete,” said to be formed by the “ ske-

leton-columns”’ (/. c.) appears to be not due to the sponge-skeleton,

but to an anastomosing mass of tubes formed probably by an arena-

ceous foraminifer ; for the axis of the ‘‘columns”’ is, as a rule, not

spicular, but formed of minute grains of sand.)

TRACHYTEDANIA ', n. gen.

Sponge. Main skeleton composed of vertical inferiorly distinct

spiculo-fibres, terminating on surface in radiating brushes ; spicula

siliceous, united by a minimum of sarcode, lying parallel in fibre, of

three forms, viz. spined acuate, smooth acuate, terminally or sub-

terminally inflated cylindricals. Flesh-spicules siliceous, slender,

acerate. Sarcode pale-coloured. A basal lamina of spicules may

be present.

This genus is based on the new species 7. spinata. It differs from

all the known species of Z'edania, Gray, in having three kinds of

skeleton-spicules, one of them being spined ; that genus, however,

seems to be the nearest genus at present defined.

TRACHYTEDANIA SPINATA, sp. n. (Plate X. fig. 10.)

Incrusting, laminar. Surface level, glabrous ; under lens seen to

be minutely but thickly pitted. Colour yellowish white. Vents?

Pores? Main skeleton a series of independent, approximately ver-

tical spiculo-fibres, about 3 to 6 spicules thick, rising from a basal

lamina of fine cylindrical spicules, and deflected laterally at surface,

there breaking up into a horizontal brush of somewhat radiating cylin-

1 Brom rpayds, rough, in allusion to the spined basal spicules, and Tedania,

the name of the allied genus.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 123

drical spicules, which, with loose ones of the same kind, form the

dermal skeleton by the crossing of their ends. Main fibre, spicules

united somewhat loosely. Parenchyma compact, almost perfectly

colourless and transparent. Skeleton-spicules of three kinds, viz. :—

(i) acuate, covered with sparse, short spines for about 4 diameters,

from base, tapering to point gradually, size *1647 by 006334 millim.,

forming basal portion of vertical fibres; (ii) acuate, smooth, head

almost pointed, apex generally somewhat abruptly pointed, size +196

by 006334 millim., forming median portion of vertical fibre ;

(ii) cylindrical, smooth, of mainly uniform diameter throughout

up to the heads, which are slightly swollen, and then end in more

or less sharp hastate points, size ‘1774 to ‘18736 by :0038 mnillim.,

forming basal and dermal skeleton and summit of vertical fibres.

Flesh-spicules, besides the last-named, fine acuates, very slightly

blunted at base, tapering to very fine apex; size *152 by °0009

millim. ; scattered universally through sarcode.

Examined. In spirit and by mounting in balsam.

External Characters. The single specimen, which is extremely

well preserved, coats the valves of a Pecten, which was alive when

taken. It forms a thin film, varying in thickness from about +70

millim. to tissue-paper thickness. It fills up the depressions be-

tween the ribs, and thus presents a very smooth rounded contour ;

but the lens shows that it is covered with minute points and shallow

pits, the former probably representing the terminations of the pri-

mary skeleton-columns. Vents are possibly represented by two or

three irregular depressions or openings, ‘25 to*5 millim. in diameter,

near the thickest part of the sponge. Pores not found.

The skeleton is simple in structure, and represents the type as-

signed to Hymedesmia by Dr. Bowerbank. The basal lamina ig

composed of loosely aggregated spicules, about 3 or 4 spicules

thick. The composite structure of the vertical fibre is remarkable,

and well adapted to secure, by the spination of the basal spicules,

solidity of rooting, and, by its shading off into less stout spicules

above, pliability. No special cementing sarcode is apparent. The

structure of the dermal skeleton is essentially that of the Tedania,

though its connexion with the main skeleton is more marked than is

usual in that genus. The parenchyma is slightly yellow, but in

the almost entire absence of colour and of opacity resembles that of

the Renieridze in general. The two larger skeleton-spicules (acuates)

are probably varieties of one original type ; from its position, at the

base of the columns with the roughened end downwards, the spined

acuate is perhaps developed to suit the incrusting form of the

Sponge; otherwise it differs from the smooth form mainly in being

slightly shorter. The cylindricals are really sharply pointed ; but

the penultimate swelling is generally discernible, and sometimes gives

a fine spear-head outline to the head; they seem to be a further de-

velopment of the typical cylindrical form in the same direction as

that shown by Tedania tenuicapitata (sp. n.).

Hab. Portland Bay, Chili (opposite the. chief island of Madre-de-

Dios Archipelago), 10 fathoms, On both valves of small Pecten,

124 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

TEDANIA TENUICAPITATA, sp. n. (Plate XI. fig. 1.)

Massive, almost white. Surface bearing scattered shallow pits

from about ‘17 to 1 millim. in diameter. Texture very soft and

fragile. Vents small, scattered. Pores scattered. Main skeleton a

very loose network of spicules, with triangular to polygonal meshes,

extending from base to surface, crossed at nodes by spiculo-fibres lying

parallel to surface ; sides of meshes formed by groups of 2 to 5 acuate

spicules (sometimes of cylindrical spicules in whole or in part), scarcely

touching. Dermal skeleton composed of sheaves of 20 or more cylin-

drical spicules, closely aggregated at one end, and radiating outwards

with the other over the surface. Parenchyma very pale yellow to

colourless, finely granular. Skeleton-spicules of two kinds, viz. :—

(i) smooth curved acuate, tapering to a sharp point from a distance

of about 6 diameters from the point, size *38 by -01267 millim. ; and

(ii) cylindrical, double-headed, smooth, heads about one third as

broad again as shaft, and oval, drawn out to a point, occurring in

main skeleton, and alone forming dermal skeleton, size *2787 by

006334 millim. Flesh-spicules acerate, tapering from centre to

very fine points, roughened almost imperceptibly on surface, one

end slightly the stouter, scattered, size °316 by ‘0021114 millim.

Examined. In spirit, and by mounting in balsam.

External Characters. The single specimen forms a small subpyra-

midal mass, whose four uninjured faces form rounded angles of about

120° with one another. It appears to have been broken from a

mass sessile by a broad triangular base. Among the numerous

small pits of the surface, in which many of the pores are collected,

and between which the Sponge forms insignificant ridges, are dis-

tributed the five vents which are still left. Three of these are close

to the apex ; they open on the surface level, and penetrate straight

into the Sponge to a depth of 3 to 8 millims., where they suddenly

terminate ; they are oval, and 1°5 to 2 millims. in diameter. The

pores lie on the ridges and in the small surface-pits.

The main skeleton is very vague, the spicules of the fibre being

hardly in contact; it consists generally of the stout acuates; but

sometimes groups of 6 to 10 cylindricals take their places, or they

are mixed with a few of these ; a horizontal network of stout acuates

occurs throughout, but is especially developed just below the dermis.

The dermal-skeleton bundles appear to radiate from certain centres

with more or less regularity.

The parenchyma is very transparent, and is sufficiently well pre-

served to show, in Canada balsam, numerous round nuclei, of about

‘0095 millim. diameter, transparent, and nucleolated.

The cylindrical spicule differs from that of all hitherto recognized

species of the genus in being terminally pointed ; the heads are very

slightly marked and suboval in outline, and are not microspined

as in the Mediterranean and Malacca species already known. The

fine acerate has, as in other species, one end stouter than the other,

though very slightly so: the roughening of the surface is often im-

perceptible ; it takes the form, as far as can be made out, of sub-

spiral scratches.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 125

Hab. Trinidad Channel, near Madre-de-Dios Islands, off S.W.

Patagonia, 30 fathoms.

Obs. The two already described species, Halichondria aspera

and Isodictya rudis, Bowerbank, both from the Straits of Malacca,

possibly merely varieties of one species, together with Tedania suc-

toria, Schmidt, from Iceland, resemble our species in important

points. It is also noteworthy that Schmidt refers (Spong. atl. Geb.

p. 43) to a shapeless white specimen of a Tedania from Rio de

Janeiro, to which he gives no name. Looking at the locality and

at this description, one would not be surprised to find that it proved

to be our species.

The two Malacca species have a most interesting relation to the

rest ; for with the terminally microspined heads of the cylindrical

spicule, characteristic of the Mediterranean Tedanie, they combine

a very marked roughening of the fine acerate—an irregularity of

the surface which is only possible to make out, in the case of 7’. tenui-

capitata, with very good light, and then not always, and which is,

so far as I am aware, peculiar to the acerates of this genus, being

wholly distinct from spination or ‘ microspination.”

Tedania suctoria, Schmidt, has cylindricals with two smooth heads,

as in our species; but they are not terminally pointed as here. It

is probably the most nearly allied of described species. Its spicule-

characters, for comparison with those of 7’. tenuicapitata, are :—

T. suetoria. (Iceland.)

tapering very gradually

from head. Size *5325

by °01583 mm.

{ Heads oval, rounded off

Cylindrical Bicapitate.. terminally. Size °38357

|. to 38 by 008445 mm.

Surface-roughness gene-

rally perceptible. Size

"2924 by 00285 mm.

Smooth Acuate Spicule. |

Fine Acerate ....... btiidc

( Main-skeleton fibres more

| compact. Dermal cylin-

4 dricals radiate more re-

ee ka a a | gularly; bundles larger

| and less distinct than in

\ the other species.

Skeleton

AMORPHINA §p. inc.

T. tenwicapitata.

(8.W. Chili.)

Beginning to taper about

G6 diam. fromend. Size

38 by ‘01267 mm.

Heads slightly oval,

pointed. Size ‘2787

by °006334 mm.

Surface-roughness rarely

perceptible with cer-

tainty. Size -316 by

002114 mm.

Skeleton-fibres as loose as

possible. Dermal cy-

lindricals in distinct

bundles, radiating each

from a separate point.

A minute, thin, incrusting patch on the worm-tube which bore

Alebion proximum. It is white; and thesarcode is granular, but almost

colourless ; the spicules are smooth, sharply bent acerates, ending

rather abruptly in points, and resembling those of A. genetrix,

Schmidt, but far smaller, and massed in flattened tracts.

Hab. Sandy Point, 7-10 fathoms.

126 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

RenierA ForTIOR, Schmidt? (Plate XI. fig. 3.)

Reniera fortior? O. Schmidt, Spong. atl. Geb. p. 40.

A poorly preserved spirit-specimen, which has lost most of the

dermal membrane and much of the internal sarcode.

Examined. In spirit and by mounting in balsam.

External Churacters. Form massive, irregular, subglobose, at-

tached by a short pedicel about one fourth as broad as the greatest

diameter of the Sponge. Texture very elastic. Colour semitrans-

parent dirty white; surface in present state chiefly regularly and

minutely hirsute.

Minute Surface-characters. Where the dermal membrane is pre-

sent, this consists of a very thin brownish-yellow lamina, resting on

the ends of the primary skeleton-columns, and formed by a skele-

ton network of 1- to 2-serial lines of fine acerate spicules, lying in a

fine fibre, with meshes of 14 to 2 spicules’ lengths in width, crossing

each other at acute angles, the intervals being more or less occupied

by fine and stouter acerates lying in the almost transparent, slightly

granular sarcode which fills them. Where this membrane is absent,

the ends of the skeleton-columns project as fine pencils.

Vents” apparently represented by 4 or 5 roundish apertures,

of about 1 millim. diameter each, situated on a somewhat concave

lateral surface ; they appear to lead directly inwards.

Pores? apparently scattered or aggregated in twos, oval ; largest

diameter °045 millim.

Main Skeleton. Composed, in the older parts, of Chalinoid fibre,

containing only about half its bulk of horny matter ; in the younger

parts a margin of this material is but rarely seen to surround the

spicular axis; possibly this is partly due to imperfect preservation.

Colour absent, or of the faintish possible tinge of yellow. Primary

fibres contain a 2- to 4-, generally 3-serial axis of moderately

stout, short acerate spicula; they run from the centre to the sur-

face, meeting the latter approximately at right angles, and are distant

from each other by 2 to 4 spicule-lengths. Secondary fibres at right

angles to the primaries, usually composed of a double series of iden-

tical spicules ; occur at intervals of 2 to 3 spicule-lengths.

Skeleton-spicules. Of one form—short stout acerate, slightly and

gradually bent, or with a slight angle, tapering gradually to the

points; size ‘13935 millim. long by 0094 broad.

Flesh- and Dermal Spicules. Of one form—short slender acerate,

slightly and gradually bent, tapering gradually to poits; size of

average largest ‘10135 millim. long by (0038 broad, in the case of

the dermal, :1077 long by '006334 broad, in the case of the flesh-

spicules, which latter are probably merely young skeleton-forms.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan (eastern portion),

sandy bottom, 6 fathoms.

Chalina granti, Bowerbank, strongly resembles this Sponge in its

chief essential characters; the main differences between the two are

those of degree rather than of kind. Thus the skeleton-spicule mea-

sures 133 by *01056 millim., and is of the same type of acerate,

though, as the measurements show, it is, although shorter, actually

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ ALERT.’ 127

as well as relatively stouter than in our Sponge. Outward form

branching and fan-shaped. Its primary-skeleton fibres are far nearer

together than here ; in composition they are 1- to 2-spicular in some

parts, 2- to 3-spicular in others, while 2 to 3, occasionally 4, is the

proportion in the present species. The proportion of horny matter

in the fibre is generally, as here, only just sufficient to bind the spi-

cules into a pliable fibre.

The chief differences are shown in tabular form :—

Chalinula granti, | Reniera fortior,| Reniera fortior,

Bowerbank. Schinidt. Schmidt.

(S. of England.) (Antilles.) (Magellan.)

Skeleton-spicule .........sss00000 133 mm. by 13788 mm. 13935 mm. by

01056 mm. long. 0094 mm.

Composition of primary fibre...| 1 to 3 spicules 2 to 3 (occasion-

broad. ally 4) spicules

broad.

s » secondary fibre..| 1 spicule broad. 1 to 2 spicules

broad.

Average maximum distance be-

tween primary fibres......... ...| ‘142 mm. 284 mm.

External habit .........,...00000+ Of irregularly Amorphous. | Erect, subglobose.

shaped ana-

stomosing bran-

ches, subsessile.

R. fortior is only known to me by its description, as the Museum

possesses no specimen of it.

ScHMIDTIA AULOPORA, Schmidt, var.

Schmidtia aulopora, Schmidt, Spong. atl. Geb. p. 44, pl. v. fig. 8.

Thalysias subtriangularis, Duchassaing de Fontbressin et Miche-

lotti?, Spong. mer Caraib. p. 85, pl. i. fig. C., pl. xviii. fig. 1.

Isodictya mirabilis, Bowerbank?, P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 319, pl. xxviii.

External Characters. A single fistula, about 40 millims. long and

19 broad at the broken base, and 12 broad at the vent-opening.

It has evidently been torn off from a larger specimen, as the oblique

fracture of the base of the tube shows. The walls are thickest at

the base, viz. about 7 millims., and taper gradually up to the edge

of the mouth, where they are of the thickness of cardboard. The

whole tube tapers in breadth from base to mouth ; but the internal

diameter remains the same throughout. It presents a slight con-

striction or neck about 7 millims. below the mouth, below which

point it has obscure longitudinal ridges, which become more marked

as they approach the base, and are there accompanied by slight pa-

pillary eminences. Besides the large mouth or venté, there is a lateral

opening, about 3 millims. in diameter, leading upwards into the cavity

of the tube. The colour is a dark brown throughout. The sur-

face is regularly covered with minute points, between which lie the

pores. Texture subelastic; the interior of tube has a honeyecombed

128 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

surface, the openings being those of the excretory canals. Main ske-

leton of spiculo-fibre, the spicules united by a minimum of sarcode,

consisting of a primary set of fibres, from 6 to 10 spicules thick, at

right angles to the surface, from which they project (multiplying as

they approach the surface by Jranching), connected by a secondary set

at right angles to them, containing usually from three to four spicules

in their diameter, and by an irregular network of single spicules or

bispicular fibre, crossing the interspaces at various angles.

Dermal Skeleton. An irregular reticulation, 1 to 6 spicules thick,

lying between the points of the primary-skeleton fibres in superficial

pigmented layer. Parenchyma semiopaque, muddy-brown in colour.

Spicules—but one form for all parts, viz. a smooth acerate, slightly

bent at the middle, ending rather gradually ; size *17736 by ‘00887

millim. Embryos, apparently in the planula stage, lie embedded

near the interior surface of the Sponge ; they are oval; the greatest

diameter varies from *24 to °43 millim. In one place a dense mass

of about 15 occurred. As the specimen was taken on March 3rd,

1879, the sexual period is hereby fixed.

Examined. In spirit, and by mounting in balsam.

Hab. Trinidad Channel, Chili (just north of chief island of Madre-

de-Dios archipelago), 30 fathoms.

Obs. The specimen differs somewhat from the original specimens

of the species, though hardly enough for it to form a new species.

The chief differences are here tabulated :—

External Charac-

ters. Skeleton. Spicules.

(Massive, sub- Primary'linespro- Acerate, slightly

erect ; vents jectslightly from bent at middle,

S. aulopora, West- | along edge of surface; spicules taperingslowly off

Indian specimens{ column, in dis- 6- to 12-serial in to points. Size

(Schmidt). | tinct tubes. them; secondary ‘165 by ‘00792

Yellowish in lines5-to7-serial. mm.

\ dry state.

(Massive; vents Primary lines pro- As in preceding.

ondistinct tube ject considerably Size ‘17736 by

or tubes. Dull fromsurface;spi- ‘00887 mm.

|

S. aulopora, yar.,4 browninspirit. cules 6- to 10-

8.W. Chili, | serial; secondary

lines 3- to 9-

( serial.

The probable type specimen of Isodictya mirabilis, Bowerbank,

from the “‘ Kast Indies,’ has spicules measuring *1771 by ‘0079

millim., and agrees well (apart from the presence of the polyp-cells)

with Schmidt’s species in external characters, although the tendency

of the vents to become elevated on separate tubes towards the base

is but slightly marked. If the locality for that species is correct,

the distribution is a very wide one—assuming the identity of the

' Tt should be noted that the specimen from which the character was taken

was probably dried before being monnted; therefore the ends of the fibres

had probably been rubbed.

1881.} THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. © ALERT.’ 129

species. The skeleton, however, is less regularly rectangular ; and

the primary fibres appear to project but little.

VIOA CARTERI, sp.n, (Plate XI. fig. 2.)

Sponge composed of irregularly ramifying vesicular masses, lining

similarly shaped perforations in solid bodies. Body-wall and mem-

branes thin, carrying felted or fasciculated aggregations of the

skeleton-spicule. Vents scattered, papillary. Colour (in spirit)

vivid crimson. Skeleton-spicule smooth, stout, spinulate, slightly

curved, tapering to poiut; head spherical, exceeding the body in

diameter ; length ‘394 millim., breadth of body ‘0152 millim. Flesh-

spicules scattered, numerous, spiro-spinular (7. e. elongated, spiral,

spined), the curves deep, alternately angular and convex; spines long

and slender ; length -0412 millim., breadth (without spines) -00127

millim.

Examined. In spirit, and by mounting in balsam.

Hab. Victoria Bank, off 8. Brazil, lat. 20° 42! 8., long. 37° 27! W.,

caleareous rock, nuliipore (?) &c. ; bottom, dead coral; 39 fathoms.

One specimen (or possibly more in the single mass of rock) repre-

sents this species in the collection, spreading in the interior of a

flattish, irregularly excavated, calcareous mass, and appearing in

section at the broken edge of the mass, as well as indicating its pre-

sence by its various vents scattered over the surface; at these points

a dark-crimson central spot is seen, surrounded by a fainter colour,

apparently the result of the staining of the surrounding rock by the

Sponge.

External Form and Characters. 'To the above may be added that

it forms botryoidal irregular deep-lying masses, which ramify irre-

gularly to the exterior, by sending out long narrowing tubes which

end on the surface in the vents.

Obs. The coloration of this sponge is exactly the same as that of dry

specimens of Vioa johnstoni, Schmidt, or, rather, of the form wrongly

described under that name in 1870 by Schmidt (Atl. Geb. p. 5, pl.

vi. fig. 18), in which sponge, as in this, the tint is not permanently

altered by the action of potash; it is almost identical with that of

a reputed specimen of dicyonium purpureum, Lamk., in the national

collection referred to by Mr. Carter (Ann. & Mag. N. H. [4] xvi.

» 197).

; The generic name Vioa, put forth in 1833 by Nardo (Isis, 1833,

p- 523), for a genus said to be founded on “‘ Aleyonium asbestinum,

Linn.,” and adopted by Schmidt (Spong. adr. Meer.), is here used in

preference to Cliona, published in 1826 by Grant (Edin. New Philos,

Journ. i. p. 79); for this name, under the form Clione, was already

occupied, having been applied in 1774 by Pallas (Spicilegia Zool.

fase. x. p. 28) to a genus of Pteropodous Mollusca.

By the specific name the Sponge is dedicated to Mr. H. J. Carter,

whose work in this difficult genus has done so much to elucidate its

anatomy and determine its systematic position, and to whose assist-

ance in my work among the British-Museum sponges I am so much

indebted,

Proc. Zoot. Soc.—1881, No. IX, 9

130 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

The species appears to stand near to the sponge figured by Schmidt

as V. johnstonii in 1870 (J. e. supra), and there set down as a variety

of the form which he described in 1862 (Spong. adr. Meer. p. 78,

pl. vii. fig. 14), but which is obviously specifically distinct from

that of 1862, on the ground of its almost totally different spicu-

lation ; for to the latter are attributed acerate and stellate forms as its

complement, while the 1870 species’ possesses a spinulate and two

forms of spiro-spinular spicules (¢f. Carter, Ann. and Mag. N. H.

[5] iii. p. 149, who suggests this solution of the discrepancy between

the two descriptions). It differs from this species chiefly in the ab-

sence of ashort stout spirospinular flesh-spicule, and in the much

greater fineness of the thin spiro-spinular form (the diameter being as

1 to 3 and the length as 1 to 2 of those of that species).

It seems to be also not far removed from Clione lobata, Hancock

(Ann. and Mag. N. H. [2] iii. p. 343, pl. xii. figs. 4, 8, and

[3] xix. p. 239, pl. vii. fig. 6), but differs from it in the stoutness of

the spinulate spicule and the globose character of its head, and in

the greatly inferior diameter and the less frequent angulation of the

spiro-spinular spicule. That species is described as being dark in

colour when dry ; but as the colour when in spirit is not mentioned, it

is not safe to compare it with V. carterias to this point. Sollas’s C.

subulata’ differs from this, apart from the colour (which is unfortu-

nately not mentioned by him), in the greater stoutness of the body and

greater distinctness of the head of the spinulate ; its length and the

length and characters of the spiro-spinular agree almost exactly with

those of our species.

Relations of the Horny and Siliceous Sponges of Magellan’s Straits

and the neighbouring Coasts to those of other Seas.—I have gone some-

what more into details, in comparing the sponges described in this

paper with allied forms, than is usual in papers of this kind. But I felt

this to be desirable for two reasons :—Ist, because the characters of the

Sponge-fauna of these localities have hitherto been hardly investigated

at all, and it is therefore important to ascertain its relations to those

of other localities; 2nd, because in certain groups, chiefly in the

Renierida, the possible range of variation of individual species seems

to have been not clearly ascertained, owing mainly to the imper-

fection of our present knowledge of the relative classificatory values

of the different characters; and as the nearest allies of the species here

described were mostly from the Northern and Equatorial Atlantic, it

was to be expected that in the passage to the southera part of the

Atlantic Ocean we should find indications of the nature and extent

of the changes which species have undergone (if that is the right way

of expressing the relation) in making the same or the converse passage.

In the present state of our knowledge, the genera of the above

groups of sponges as a rule embrace many species and are widely dis-

tributed. ‘This is due probably to the want of a more minute sub-

division of the genera, but also certainly to some extent to the great

age of the group in time, and to its members being but little limited

1 This should be renamed, and would be well called Vioa schmidtit.

2 Ann. N. H. [5] i. p. 65, pl. ii. figs. 26-28.

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 131

in space by the natural barriers (wide and deep seas) which serve to

break up such groups as the marine Mollusca and Crustacea into a very

great number of comparatively distinct faunee. In this collection,

all the species but one have been assigned to genera already known

from the North Atlantic, and three of the four already described

species which occur in it were previously known as West-Indian forms,

while the species most nearly related to the new species are chiefly

Atlantic. When the Pacific sponges are as well known as those of

the Atlantic, we may expect, looking at the geographical relations be-

tween this district and the Pacific, to find a considerable though pro-

bably much slighter resemblance between them and the Magellan

forms. No detailed descriptions have been hitherto published of

any New-Zealand sponges; so that such descriptions will be received

with much attention when they appear, considering the intimate re-

lations which the Vertebrate and Invertebrate faunze of that district

bear to that of the one at present under consideration, as far as they

have been investigated. But indications are not wanting of a close

connexion between the sponges of the two localities.

The results arrived at by comparison of the species found here

with allied forms from other parts of the world may be conveniently

arranged thus :—

Species already known. Present locality. Originally described as} Original locality.

Pp y y.| Urigmally g

Hireinia hispida, | 8.W. Chili. | Spongia hispida, Lamk.| “Southern Seas.”

amk,

'Cladochalina armigera, Of E. Brazil. |C. armigera, Sdt. Florida and Antilles.

Sdt., var. pergamen-

taced.

Reniera fortior, Sdt.? | St. of Magellan.| 2. fortior, Sdt. Antilles.

Pan aulopora, | 8.W. Chili. S. aulopora, Sdt. W. Indies and Florida.

Sdt., var.

New species. Locality. |Nearest described allies. Locality.

—

Aplysina? regularis. | St. of Magellan. Not determined.

1Chalina coppingeri. | Off EB. Brazil. |C. gracilenta, Bowk. | Britain.

Siphonochalina fortis. | 8.W. Chili. S. bullata, Sdt. West Indies.

Phakellia egregia. | St. of Magellan. |Awinel/a cinnamomea, | Mediterranean.

Sdt.

Ciocalypta calva. | St. of Magellan.|C. deez, Bowk. Britain.

Esperia magellanica. | St. of Magellan.|Z. nodosa, Sdt. Adriatic.

Alebion proximum. St. of Magellan.| Halichondria patier+ | Britain.

soni, Bowk.

Hymedesmia polita, _\ St. of Magellan.) Microciona tuberosa, Straits of Malacca

| Bowk,

Trachytedania spinata.| 8.W. Chili. Atlantic Tedanie. Atlantic.

Tedania tenuicapitata.| S.W. Chili. |T. suctoria, Sdt. Teeland.

1Vioa carteri. Off 8.E. Brazil.|Cliona subulata, Sollas.| Hab. ?

Species undetermined.

Amorphine sp. St. of Magellan. ?

|

‘

1 These species cannot be reckoned as belonging to the Magellanic fauna.

*

132 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [Jan. 4,

With regard to the amount of distinctness between the new species

and their nearest allies, the remarks or tables given under each sponge

should be consulted. It should be remembered, in estimating the

relations of this fauna, that comparatively few species have been in-

telligibly described from any seas but the Atlanticand Mediterranean ;

but even allowing for that, the fact that in but one case the nearest

ally is to be found outside those two areas speaks strongly for the

Atlantic facies of the Magellan and S.W. Chilian fauna.

Subclass CALCAREA.

The technical terms here used are those employed by Hiickel in his

‘Kalkschwamme,’ and with the meanings there applied to them,

The collection, it will be seen, contains the British form Clathrina

coriacea (hitherto known only from arctic and north temperate seas)

and the Australian species C. poterium as its sole representatives of

a Magellan fauna, Considering the number of dredgings in shallow

waters which have been taken here, this result may be considered as

probably showing the extreme poverty of this region in Calcisponges.

A striking contrast to this is furnished by the dredgings at the

Victoria Bank, a shoal to the north-east of Rio de Janeiro, which

was not visited by the ‘Challenger,’ and from which no Sponges

have hitherto been described. Of the four (or possibly five) species

which come from this locality, three are new, and a fourth has been

assigned with considerable doubt to one of the species obtained.

The well-known littoral habits of the Calcarea are thus brought

forcibly to mind; for had they been fitted to live in deeper waters, it is

almost inconceivable that more of them would not have spread fror

the mainland, whose fauna is already somewhat known. :

CLATHRINA CORIACEA, Johnston.

(Clathrina, Gray, P. Z.S. 1867, p. 557; Ascetta, Hackel, Kalk-

schwamme, ii. p. 14.)

Spongia coriacea, Montagu?, Wern. Mem. ii. p. 116.

Grantia coriacea, Johnston, Brit. Spong. p. 183, pl. xxi. fig. 9.

This species occurs ona few species of dead Letepora, forming

either (2) a minute tube (duloplegma form of Hackel) running over

the surface, expanding at intervals into a bulbiform dilatation, and

varying in diameter from ‘18 to 426 millim., or (4) apparently a

thin-walled sac of not less than 2°5 millims. extreme diameter. The

sarcode is coloured reddish brown by an unevenly distributed pig-

ment. The spicules agree with the common type figured by Hackel

in the ‘Kalkschwiimme,’ pl. v. fig. 2, differing slightly from it

in being sharply though abruptly pointed, and in being slightly

inequiradiate ; they measure :—in (a), basal ray 1267 to -14

millim., laterals ‘095 to *114 millim. long, diameter ‘00844 to 0095;

in (0), basal ray +114 to *2027, laterals -114 long, diameter :00844

to °0095 millim.

These measuremerts agree closely with those of the spicules of

Johnston’s specimens of Grantia coriacea. The distribution, already

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 133

increased by Carter (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, xx. pp. 38, 40)

to include the Arctic region, is now extended southwards and into

the Pacific.

Hab. Tom Bay (8. W. Chili), 0-30 fathoms; on dead Retepora,

CLATHRINA POTERIUM, Hiickel.

Ascetta primordialis, var. poterium, Hiickel, Kalkschwiimme, ii.

p- 17, pl. v. fig. 1, f-7.

Found in the form of a running tube (Auloplegma form), as in

(a) of the preceding species; diameter of tube 25 to °53 millim. ;

slightly pigmented with diffused red-brown pigment, concentrated

into a granular mass in some places (possibly due toa silicecus or a

horny sponge which grew in the neighbourhood). The triradiate

spicules are of two sizes, as shown by Hiickel for his Australian

variety poterium ; but they are connected by intermediate stages.

The large dermal form (which is occasionally bluntly pointed) varies

in the diameter of its rays from ‘019 to ‘02217 millim.; one ray is

usually about 7: 6 of the length of the other two, being from ‘13937

to 1774 millim. long, while the smaller rays are ‘1267 to ‘1584 in

length. The smaller, subdermal spicules have rays measuring about

118 and *1267 (respectively, in the one spicule) by :095 to :01056

millim. The largest of the larger triradiates only form a single

surface layer; the smaller subjacent forms are much more numerous.

The extreine diameter of the rays of the larger spicules is thus consi-

derably less than the average diameter given by Hiickel for the Aus-

tralian form, viz. ‘025 millim.; and the smaller spicule-rays are

considerably shorter in proportion to their length than in that form.

Hab. 'Tom Bay (S.W. Chili), 0-30 fathoms; on an [dmonea on

which a horny sponge was growing.

Obs. I have followed Hackel’s suggestion (p. 23, tom. cit.), and

advanced this form to the rank of a species, being justified, as I

consider, in this course by the fact that it is constant to its main

characters as described from the Australian specimens, even at the

great distance from which it is now recorded. It is distinguished

from 4. primordialis, Hiickel, by the minimum diameter of its largest

spicule-rays exceeding ‘02 millim., and by the possession of a special

dermal set of triradiate spicules considerably larger than those

subjacent to them.

NARDOA PELAGICA, sp.n, (Plate XI. fig. 4.)

(Nardoa, Schmidt, Adr. Spong. p. 18; Ascandra, Hiickel, Kalk-

schwiimme, ii. p. 80.)

Sponge forming a flattened cylinder, of about equal diameter

from the mouth to the base, which is almost flat. Length 19 mil-

lims. ; long and short diameters respectively 7 and 3 millims, Wall

1 millim. thick. Lip? Skeleton consisting of scattered stout acerates

piercing the wall from the dermal to the cloacal surface, of an

external layer of triradiates whose longest ray either points inwards

or towards the base, of a Jess number of similar spicules imme-

134 ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING [ Jan. 4,

diately interior to these and similarly arranged, and a gastral layer

of sagittal triradiates, the basal ray pointing away from the gastral

surface, which is covered with quadriradiates. Body-acerates straight,

tapering from centre to sharp points, external end flattened, knife-

like, with a central thicker longitudinal ridge, minutely roughened ;

size 1:25 by :06334 millim. Fine linear spicules of lip smooth,

straight, size about °3 by 00475. ‘Triradiates smooth, external ones

irregular, angles about equal, all rays somewhat curved; rays re-

spectively ‘1013 to °20 millim., *23 to 4, *32 to-45 in length by ‘019

to *022 in breadth; intermediate triradiates sagittal, angles equal or

oral angle about 130°; basal ray *4624 by ‘03167 millim. ; lateral rays

curved, ‘2724 by ‘03167 millim. ; gastral triradiates sagittal, oral angle

160°, proportions and shape of rays the same as of intermediate

spicules. Quadriradiates, two sizes: (1) with characters of gastral

triradiate but with small straight apical ray ; (2) smaller, lateral rays

curved towards cloaca: sizes respectively, basal rays *38 by °03167

and ‘1267 by °0095 millim.; laterals 29 by -03167 and :1267 by

0095 millim.; apical ‘0565 by ‘01267 and °1267 by -0095 millim.

Ratio of thickness of stoutest acerate to stoutest triradiate 2:1.

Examined. In spirit and by sections in balsam.

Hab. Victoria Bank (off S.E. Brazil), 39 fathoms; bottom, coral.

Obs. One specimen represents this species ; the mouth is not well

preserved. It is covered in places with a brown coating of degene-

rate tissue. It belongs to the same group of the genus as NV. (ds-

candra) echinoides, Hiickel, from Java, which it resembles in its

flattened shape, and the form of the large acerate. But the largest

triradiates are more than twice the size of those of that species, and

two kinds of quadriradiate occur instead of one.

APHROCERAS SERICATUM, sp. n. (Plate XI. fig. 5.)

(Aphroceras, Gray, P. Z.8. 1858, p. 113; Leucandra, Hiickel,

Kalkschwiimme, ii. p. 110.)

Sponge tubular, elongate ; tube of almost equal diameter from

the slightly fringed mouth to near the rounded basal end; length

from 2 to 3 times as great as the maximum diameter. Canal-system

and spiculation that of Zeucandra, Hiickel. Wall about 1 millim.

thick, penetrated by long stout acerates measuring 2 to 3 millims.

by ‘06 to ‘073 millim., smooth, sharply pointed, slightly thicker

proximally, projecting from surface. Mouth fringed by a number of

slender acerates about ‘014 millim. in diameter, smooth and straight.

Internal triradiates sagittal, rays smooth, tapering to sharp points,

slightly undulating, oral angle varying from 110° to 160°, lateral

angles equal, basal ray measuring from *355 to 52 by ‘019 to 032,

the laterals slightly smaller ; external triradiates with aboral lateral

generally only about half the length of the sagittal. Quadriradiates,

rays smooth, gently curved and sharply pointed, facial rays each

measuring from ‘18 to ‘25 by 0095 millim., apical ray from °16

to *2 by :0095 millim. Ratio of diameter of stout acerate to

maximum diameter of rays of triradiate between 2 and 3:1. Colour

(in spirit) white.

1881. ] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 135

Examined. In spirit, and by sections in balsam and in spirit.

Hab. Victoria Bank (off 8.E. Brazil), 39 fathoms; bottom,

coral. Six specimens, one young.

Obs. This Sponge shows a considerable amount of variation in

the size of the spicules in different specimens. One variety is espe-

cially well marked: its length is only twice as great as the breadth ;

its acerates reach the diameter of ‘09 millim. and length of 3-6

millims., its triradiates increasing proportionally in size, the diameter

reaching ‘05 millim. It appears to be most closely allied to A.

(Leucandra) asperum, Hiickel, from the Mediterranean, of described

species; but differs from it in the inferior ratio of the thickness of the

acerates to that of the triradiates, in the much thinner body-wall,

in the larger and more slender apical ray of the quadriradiate, and

in the formation of the oral fringe out of a special fine acerate form of

spicule.

APHROCERAS CAMINUS, Hickel (Plate XI. fig. 6), and var,

CRASSIOR, sp. nov. (Plate XI. fig. 7).

Leucandra caminus, Hiickel, Kalkschwiimme, ii. p. 175, pl. xxxi.

figs. la—1d, xxxvii. figs. 5 A, 5 B, 6.

Three specimens occur in this collection from the same locality,

two of which are apparently identical, and one differs considerably

fromthem. The arrangement of the canal-system has not been made

out very clearly ; but it appears to be of the “ traubenférmig ”’

type described by Hiickel (op. cit. vol. i. p. 233) in A. (L.) ananas,

Montagu, &c. with small circular cavities scattered through the

walls of the body.

The two specimens, which agree with each other and with Hickel’s

description, are ovate, 6 to 7 millims. long by about 4 millims.

broad ; the body-wall is 1:5 millim. thick at the sides; the mouth

is funnel-shaped owing to the downward convergence of the walls of

a slightly projecting ‘collar,’ which is 2°5 millims. across; the

body-cavity is about i millim. broad. The other specimen, which

may be termed var. crassior, is 7 millims. long by 4 broad; body-

wall 1°5 millim, thick at sides; mouth probably about the same

as in the normal forms (most of it has been broken away). The

microscopic characters are tabulated below. Var. erassior, how-

ever, has the triradiates much larger (maximum size of ray of those

of caminus='65 by ‘075 millim.), the angles are all equal, not

paired. The acerate is apparently longer; and the rays of the qua-

driradiates are straight, instead of the laterals and the apical being

bent (asin caminus). Perhaps therefore crassior constitutes another

species ; but in the face of the single imperfect specimen it will be

well to await better information.

136

Spicules......

Stout Acerate

ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE DURING

A. caminus from off Brazil.

1-4 to 1:6 mm. by 04434, smooth,

straight, tapering to sharp

points,scattered,not projecting.

Fine Acerate of { About 14? mm. by :0095 to

“Collar”... |

Trivadiates .

i, Rays.sscesss {

ii. & iii. Rays l

Quadriradiates ...

01108, straight, smooth.

From outer surface to near inner

surface.

Basal aborally(?) placed, 497 mm.

to 53 by ‘057 to -075.

Laterals ‘59 mm. to 43 by 0475

to ‘057.

Rays tapering to sharp points

from near base, slightly undu-

lating. Gastrally-placed spi-

cules directed towards cloaca,

oral angle about 150° ; the rest

irregularly placed.

On gastral surface and aggregated

in groups in interior of wall,

Lateral rays ‘14 mm. by ‘01267,

or *228 by 019.

Basal, aborally placed, ‘14 mm,

to 19 by 01267.

Apical 076 mm. by -0095,

Rays smooth, tapering to sharp

points from base; basal and

oral lateral slightiy undulating,

[ Jan. 4,

Var. crassior.

About 2°5(?) mm. by ‘04434 to

06334, smooth, straight, taper-

ing from near middle,scattered,

not projecting.

About 1:25(?) mm. by ‘095,

straight, smooth.

From outer surface to nearinner

surface.

‘64mm. by 06334.

816 mm. by ‘06334.

Rays smooth, slightly undulating,

tapering to sharp points from

base; angles equal; spicules

variously placed.

On gastral surface and aggre-

gated in groups in interior of

wall.

Facials about ‘32 mm. by ‘019.

Apical *16(?) or 32 mm. by ‘019,

and some smaller ones like

those of the typical form.

Rays smooth, tapering to sharp

points from base, generally all

somewhat curved. Oral angle

the rest straight. Oral angle

. a either about 160° or 200°.

150° to 160°.

Examined, In spirit, and by sections in balsam.

Hab. Victoria Bank (off S.E. Brazil), 39 fathoms ; bottom, coral.

GRANTIA ATLANTICA, sp. n. (Plate XI. fig. 8.)

(Grantia, Fleming, Hist. Brit. Anim. p. 524. Sycandra, Hickel,

Kalkschwamme, ii. p. 291.)

Sponge forming a single oval tube. Walls very thick (about two

thirds the diameter of the cloaca) at centre, tapering to vent and closed

end. Colour yellowish white in spirit. Vent surrounded by slight

fringe of acerate spicules. Outer surface slightly roughened by points

of acerate spicules, &c.; inner surface similarly roughened by apical

rays of quadriradiates. Arrangement of canal-system agreeing with

that of Sycandra, Hackel ; the straight radial tubes extend to within

a short distance of the dermal surface ; they are hexagonal, and are

completely fused with each other by broad connexions ; this inter-

mediate substance is penetrated by narrow roundish “ intercanals ”

running parallel with the radial tubes. The dermal layer, interposed

between the ends of the radial tubes and the surface, consists of

stout triradiate spicules and the exterior ends of the acerates. The

substance of the wall between this and the cloacal surface is filled

with the bases of the acerates, and with some more slender triradiate

1881.] THE SURVEY OF H.M.S. ‘ALERT.’ 137

spicules, whose sagittal rays lie between the radial canals, and whose

lateral rays serve to enclose them. The cloacal surface is formed of

a layer of mingled small and larger quadriradiate spicules.

Acerate Spicules. Straight, surface minutely rough, tapering to

sharp points from the centre. Average maximum size 2°1 by 095

millim., extending from just beneath the cloacal to about one fourth

of their length beyond dermal surface.

Stout Triradiates. Sagittal rays straight, surface slightly

roughened, tapering to approximately sharp points from the base,

forming three angles of about 120° each. Size of rays varying (ave-

rage maximum size): basal from +304 by :04434 millim. to 424

by *05067, laterals from *2217 by -038 to 3167 by :04434—the

proportion between the lengths of the two being thus 5: 3 or

4:3. The basal ray is generally parallel to the long axis of the

sponge, while one of the laterals projects from the dermal surface.

Slender Triradiates. Rays smooth, tapering from base to sharp

points ; the basal ray straight, the laterals either straight, or curving

slightly forwards, or slightly undulating ; the inwardly facing laterals

form an oral angle of from 160° to 180° with each other; the basal

points outwards ; lateral angles equal. Size of rays varying (average

maximum size): basal from °38 by 019 millim: to ‘3167 by -019,

laterals from +152 by -0158 to ‘139 by °158; the proportion between

the lengths of the rays is therefore 5: 2 or 7: 3.

Quadriradiates. Rays smooth, tapering from base to sharp

points; basal straight, laterals slightly curved, either to or from

cloacal surface, forming an oral angle of from 130° to 170°. Apical

ray straight, projecting into cloaca. Size of laterals almost con-

stant ; apicals and basals vary inversely in length with each other.

Basal ray either about *285 by -019 millim., or -04434 by :0095;

laterals (average maximum) “08235 by -0095 to ‘101 by -01267;

apical either ‘019 or -0507 by 006334.

Examined. In spirit and by sections mounted in balsam.

Hab. Victoria Bank (off S.E. Brazil), 39 fathoms ; bottom, dead

coral.

Obs. The species is represented by a single specimen 10 millims.

long by 5°5 in extreme breadth. The projection of the points of the

acerate and stout triradiate spicules from the surface is disguised to

some extent by an aggregation between them of a yellowish material,

which appears to be the result of desquamation of the surface tissues.

This species resembles Leucandra cyathus, Verrill', from Casco Bay,

U.S., in its spicule-characters, and differs from all the species