580,5

FB

v.7

1930

cop. 2

Inc.

2_, FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 302

BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. VII, No. 4

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

ASSOCIATE CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY

B. E. DAHLGREN

ACTING CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

EDITOR

NOV

a

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

OCTOBER 12, 1931

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 302

BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. VII, No. 4

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

0?

B. E. DAHLGREN .

ACTING CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY ' V U V £ ** 1 Q *3 1

EDITOR

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

OCTOBER 12, 1931

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

v.V

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA

PAUL C. STANDLEY

Venezuela, with almost 600,000 square miles of territory, is

substantially larger than the neighboring republic of Colombia, con-

sequently, upon the basis of area alone, other conditions being equal,

one would expect to find more Rubiaceae in Venezuela than in

Colombia. The present list enumerates 81 genera and 351 species, a

number which, it is scarcely necessary to state, is far short of the

total actually existing in the country under consideration.

Venezuela is more than twice as large as Texas. Because of the

difficulties of travel in the greater part of the country, only a relatively

small portion of it ever has been seen by a botanist and many parts

still are quite unexplored. Indeed, even the boundaries are yet a

matter of uncertainty, and on that account it is possible that there

are listed on the following pages some species that have not been

collected yet within the proper limits of Venezuela.

Except for certain small regions such as those about Caracas and

Tovar, no part of Venezuela is well known botanically, in spite of

the fact that so many specimens of plants have been gathered in

the country. Most of the collections have been obtained in the more

densely settled portions, the chief exceptions being those from Mount

Roraima and Mount Duida, and from the Orinoco and its tributaries.

The Orinoco region must hold scores of Rubiaceae unknown to science

or recorded hitherto only from Brazil. Even in the northern states,

where most of the collecting has been done, new species of Rubiaceae

are discovered by almost every collector.

Venezuela is fortunate in having been visited by many able

botanical collectors who have been charmed but almost discouraged

by the luxuriant variety of its vegetation. The first important plant

collection made in the republic was the classical one of Humboldt and

Bonpland, from the Orinoco and the environs of Caracas. From their

specimens Kunth described many endemic Venezuelan Rubiaceae.

A curious confusion arose regarding the publication of the Hum-

boldt and Bonpland species of Rubiaceae. Specimens of some of

them, especially the Psychotrias, were submitted to Willdenow, and

brief descriptions of them were included by Roemer and Schultes

in the part of their Systema which appeared in 1819. The same

343

344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

species, or most of them, at least, were described by Kunth in a

part of the Nova Genera that appeared the following year. Kunth,

however, makes no mention of the Willdenow names. In some cases

the same name is applied in both works to the same plant, but

frequently the specific names are different in the two works. Even

more confusing is the fact that a certain specific name sometimes is

applied by Roemer and Schultes to one plant, and the same name

by Kunth to a quite different one.

It is unnecessary to enumerate here all the collectors who have

contributed to the present knowledge of Venezuelan Rubiaceae, for

their work has been described by Pittier in his Plantas Usuales de

Venezuela. Many species of Rubiaceae still are known only from the

types obtained along the Orinoco and Rio Negro by Richard Spruce,

foremost and most fortunate of the botanists who have worked in

the Amazon Valley.

Knowledge of the Rubiaceae, as well as of the whole flora of

Venezuela, has been vastly increased during the past twenty years

by the labors of a botanist who already had accomplished enough

to represent an enviable life work for one man. Henry Pittier,

chiefly by his own field work, but also by his stimulation of the

efforts of others, has added to the flora of Venezuela many hundreds

of species, chiefly new ones, but also many that were known previ-

ously only from Colombia or the Guianas. Only his personal friends

will realize under what difficult conditions his enthusiasm has impelled

him to carry on floristic work in a region where it was so much

needed.

The best and only important work relating to the Venezuelan

flora is his Plantas Usuales de Venezuela, published at Caracas in

1926. Like his already classic work of similar form upon the plants

of Costa Rica, it is an encyclopedia of information regarding the

area covered.

With no intention of drawing comparisons, it is necessary to

mention here a publication quite different in scientific value, Knuth's

Initia Florae Venezuelensis (1926-28). Certainly the plan of publish-

ing a plant list of any South American country is a praiseworthy

one, and, when properly executed, deserves the most diligent support;

but it is imperative to give a word of caution to prospective students

of the Venezuelan flora regarding this work, although they soon will

discover its defects themselves.

In Knuth's list the writer has investigated only the Rubiaceae,

but presumably other families are treated in the same manner. The

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 345

fact that some collections are listed under wrong specific determina-

tions is not remarkable, and in the case of the Rubiaceae of Knuth's

work the present writer undoubtedly is responsible for some of the

errors perpetrated. There is less excuse, however, for the omission

of dozens of species reported from Venezuela in the Flora Brasiliensis.

No student of the tropical American flora will go far unless he con-

sults frequently the volumes of that unique work, one of the few

whose cost in dollars is proportionate to its practical scientific value.

Still less excusable is the fact that in Knuth's enumeration of

Venezuelan plants the same species often is entered two to four

times under as many specific or generic names! Under certain

circumstances such carelessness might be understood or excused,

but in most of the instances in mind, the errors might have been

remedied by consultation of the Flora Brasiliensis, or of the no

less accessible publications by Urban upon the flora of the West

Indies.

From a geographic standpoint the Venezuelan Rubiaceae are

associable mostly with several rather well-marked provinces. Those

of the Andes are chiefly species that occur in the higher mountains

of Colombia. Those of the northern plains and lower mountains

either are endemic or extend into the Guianas and the West Indies.

Along the Orinoco and Rio Negro there is a host of species, especially

in Psychotria, which range to Amazonian Brazil, or else find their

closest relatives there.

Two Venezuelan localities possess peculiar and endemic floras —

Mount Roraima and Mount Duida, both in the southern part of

the country. Mount Roraima usually is associated with British

Guiana, perhaps because most explorers have approached it from

that direction, but the Venezuelan boundary crosses its summit.

On that account, naturally, all the species recorded from the moun-

tain deserve a place in any enumeration of Venezuelan plants. As

is well known, Roraima's flora, at least that of the upper slopes,

consists almost wholly of endemic species.

It is only recently that Mount Duida, which lies well to the west

of Roraima, has been ascended and explored, by G. H. H. Tate of

the American Museum of Natural History. The Rubiaceae of Mr.

Tate's collection were submitted to the writer for determination by

the New York Botanical Garden. It is planned to publish a complete

report upon his whole collection, but, through the courtesy of Dr.

H. A. Gleason, it is possible to enumerate here the Rubiaceae col-

lected by Mr. Tate, which form a substantial addition to the list.

346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

One might well expect to find upon Mount Duida some, at least,

of the Roraima Rubiaceae, but that, surprisingly enough, is not

the case. Although the Duida plants are related to Roraima

species, they are clearly distinct. Especially noteworthy are two

new genera, Gleasonia and Duidania, described on later pages of this

report.

As in the case of the preceding parts of the present volume, in

the preparation of this Venezuelan list the writer has been fortunate

in being able to study at Field Museum a large amount of material

lent by American and European herbaria. The institutions whose

collections have been examined wholly or in part are the following:

Field Museum of Natural History (indicated in the lists of speci-

mens cited by the letter F); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K);

Botanic Garden and Museum, Berlin-Dahlem (B); Riksmuseets

Botaniska Afdelning, Stockholm (S); Jardin Botanique Principal,

Leningrad (L); Mus&um d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P); United

States National Museum, Washington (W); Gray Herbarium of

Harvard University (G) ; New York Botanical Garden (Y) ; Missouri

Botanical Garden (M). To those in charge of these collections,

who have lent material for study, the writer here expresses his sincere

and grateful appreciation of the courtesies thus extended.

The writer wishes to express also his personal appreciation of

the courtesy of Dr. K. Krause, who so generously forwarded the

undetermined South American Rubiaceae of the Berlin-Dahlem

herbarium for use in the preparation of this and other papers. Too

much credit can not be given to the value in this work of the splendid

series of photographs of type specimens procured by J. Francis

Macbride at Berlin-Dahlem, through the cooperation with Field

Museum of the Rockefeller Foundation and Dr. Ludwig Diels,

Director of the Museum and Garden of Berlin-Dahlem.

While most of the sendings from the institutions enumerated

above contained interesting Venezuelan material, special mention

must be made of that received from Paris. Students who are in-

terested in Venezuelan plants are recommended to consult the her-

barium of the Museum of Natural History, for in the Rubiaceae, at

least, its Venezuelan collections probably are unequaled elsewhere

in Europe. The largest collection of Venezuelan plants existing in

America, if not in the world, is that of the United States National

Museum, which, among American herbaria, is deficient only in its

lack of the historic collections made by August Fendler.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 347

KEY TO THE TRIBES AND GENERA1

Ovules 3 or more in each cell of the ovary.

Fruit dry.

Flowers arranged in very dense, globose heads. Plants armed

with spines I. Naucleeae.

Flowers not in dense globose heads.

Corolla more or less bilabiate, the lobes imbricate. Stamens

unequal, inserted high in the corolla tube; ovules 2 or 4

in each cell III. Henriquezieae.

Corolla regular or, if somewhat irregular, the ovules more

than 4 in each cell.

Seeds winged, vertically imbricate II. Cinchoneae.

Seeds not winged or, if winged, horizontal.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted, never valvate.

V. Rondeletieae.

Corolla lobes valvate.

Seeds horizontal; stipules entire or bifid; plants trees

or large shrubs IV. Condamineae.

Seeds peltately attached; stipules often fimbriate;

plants commonly herbs or low shrubs.

VI. Hedyotideae.

Fruit fleshy.

Corolla lobes valvate VII. Mussaendeae.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.

Seeds many, minute, pitted or rarely tuberculate.

VIII. Hamelieae.

Seeds usually few and large, the testa smooth or fibrous.

IX. Gardenieae.

Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary.

Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary.

Fruit capsular, 2-celled III. Henriquezieae.

Fruit drupaceous, 5-7-celled X. Retiniphylleae.

Ovule 1 in each cell.

Ovules pendulous.

Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla tube.

XI. Guettardeae.

xThe key is adapted from that published by Wernham for the tropical American

genera: Journ. Bot. 54: 326. 1916.

348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube.

XII. Chiococceae.

Ovules erect or ascending.

Corolla lobes contorted XIII. Ixoreae.

Corolla lobes valvate.

Ovules affixed to the base of the ovary.

Ovary 1-celled, or 2-celled but with a very thin septum.

XV. Coussareae.

Ovary with 2 or more cells, the septum thick.

Flowers perfect; stamens usually inserted in the throat

of the corolla; plants usually trees or shrubs.

XVI. Psychotrieae.

Flowers usually dioecious; stamens usually inserted at

the base of the corolla; plants mostly herbaceous.

XVII. Anthospermeae.

Ovules affixed to the septum.

Stipules entire, not leaflike; plants trees or shrubs, the

flowers in dense heads XIV. Morindeae.

Stipules fimbriate or leaflike; plants chiefly herbaceous.

Stipules fimbriate, not leaflike. .XVIII. Spermacoceae.

Stipules resembling the leaves and forming whorls with

them XIX. Galieae.

I. NAUCLEEAE

A single genus in Venezuela 1. Uncaria.

II. CINCHONEAE

Corolla lobes valvate.

Placenta pendulous from the apex of the cell. Flowers in elongate

spikes 2. Alseis.

Placenta ascending or erect, or adnate co the middle of the septum.

Placenta ascending or erect from the base of the septum; plants

scandent 3. Manettia.

Placenta adnate to the middle of the septum ; plants not scandent.

Capsule splitting from below upward 4. Cinchona.

Capsule splitting from above downward.

Valves of the capsule bifid 5. Remijia.

Valves entire 6. Ladenbergia.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 349

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.

Corolla lobes contorted (one external in Calycophyllum).

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large colored

limb 7. Calycophyllum.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded into a

colored limb.

Stamens unequal 8. Ferdinandusa.

Stamens equal.

Calyx caducous; seeds bearded 9. Hillia.

Calyx persistent; seeds not bearded 10. Cosmibuena.

Corolla lobes imbricate 11. Coutarea.

III. HENRIQUEZIEAE

Calyx 4-parted, the limb circumscissile 12. Henriquezia.

Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes separately deciduous .... 13. Platycarpum.

IV. CONDAMINEAE

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a brightly colored,

large limb 14. Pogonopus.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so.

Anthers dehiscing longitudinally 15. Chimarrhis.

Anthers dehiscing by pores 16. Tresanthera.

V. RONDELETIEAE

Corolla lobes imbricate.

Calyx lobes, or at least one in some of the flowers, expanded into

a large colored limb.

Calyx lobes very unequal, one of them in some flowers expanded

into a large colored limb 17. Warscewiczia.

Calyx lobes subequal, all of them large and brightly colored.

18. Gleasonia.

Calyx lobes subequal, usually small and inconspicuous, not brightly

colored.

Seeds large, winged on one side 19. Sickingia.

Seeds minute, not winged 20. Rondeletia.

Corolla lobes contorted.

Plants low herbs, annual or perennial.

Stamens included; leaves opposite 21. Sipanea.

350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Stamens exserted ; leaves whorled 22. Limnosipanea.

Plants trees or shrubs.

Stamens appendiculate at the base 23. Elaeagia.

Stamens not appendiculate at the base.

Capsule loculicidal 24. Deppea.

Capsule septicidal 25. Chalepophyllum.

VI. HEDYOTIDEAE

A single genus in Venezuela 26. Arcytophyllum.

VII. MUSSAENDEAE

Inflorescence terminal.

Flowers arranged in involucrate heads.

Leaves apparently alternate 27. Didymochlamys.

Leaves opposite 28. Schradera.

Flowers in panicles, these sometimes spikelike, never in heads.

Inflorescence elongate, narrow, spikelike 29. Gonzalagunia.

Inflorescence a thyrsoid panicle 30. Isertia.

Inflorescence axillary.

Plants creeping herbs. Flowers usually in dense heads.

31. Coccocypselum.

Plants trees or shrubs, sometimes herbaceous and scandent.

Leaves with numerous close parallel striolae in the areolae

between the veins. Flowers zygomorphic; fruit 1-celled.

32. Tammsia.

Leaves without close striolation.

Stamens exserted, plants erect 33. Ewsmia.

Stamens included; plants usually scandent 34. Sabicea.

VIII. HAMELIEAE

Ovary 4-5-celled.

Corolla lobes contorted; flowers white or whitish. . .35. Bertiera.

Corolla lobes imbricate; flowers red or yellow 36. Hamelia.

Ovary 2-celled. Inflorescence axillary 37. Hoffmannia.

IX. GARDENIEAE

Flowers perfect.

Inflorescence terminal or terminal and axillary.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 351

Corolla somewhat irregular, the buds curved. Corolla tube

much elongate, several times longer than the lobes.

38. Posoqueria.

Corolla regular, the buds not curved.

Flowers in few- or many-flowered cymes 39. Tocoyena.

Flowers mostly solitary or fasciculate 40. Randia.

Inflorescences lateral.

Corolla tube villous in both throat and base; stigma tapering;

testa of the seeds fibrous 41. Genipa.

Corolla tube villous in throat or base but not in both; stigma

not tapering; testa not fibrous.

Ovary 2-celled 40. Randia.

Ovary 1-celled 46. Gardenia.

Flowers dioecious.

Stipules forming a conical cap, connate into a sheath, deciduous

above a circular slit, leaving a persistent basal caruncle.

Staminate flowers in cymes, the pistillate usually solitary, rarely

2-3 in a head 42. Duroia.

Staminate and pistillate flowers both in cymes ... 43. Amaioua.

Stipules free or united only near the base, not forming a cap that

is dehiscent by a transverse slit.

Staminate flowers in spikes 44. Stachyarrhena.

Staminate flowers in heads or cymes.

Staminate flowers lateral; plants usually armed with spines.

40. Randia.

Staminate flowers terminal; plants unarmed. . .45. Alibertia.

X. RETINIPHYLLEAE

A single genus in Venezuela 47. Retiniphyllum.

XL GUETTARDEAE

Corolla lobes imbricate in bud.

Fruit separating into 2 narrow dry cocci 48. Machaonia.

Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent.

Calyx 5-parted; stipules trifid 49. Neoblakea.

Calyx truncate; stipules not trifid 50. Guettarda.

Corolla lobes valvate.

Tube of the corolla short and thick. . . . 51. Malanea.

352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Tube of the corolla slender and much elongate.

Corolla lobes corniculate outside at the apex .... 52. Chomelia.

Corolla lobes not corniculate 53. Anisomeris.

XII. CHIOCOCCEAE

Inflorescence terminal.

Fruit a capsule 54. Duidania.

Fruit a drupe with 5-many nutlets 55. Erithalis.

Inflorescence axillary 56. Chiococca.

XIII. IXOREAE

Calyx calyculate at the base 57. Coffea.

Calyx naked at the base 58. Ixora.

XIV. MORINDEAE

Flowers confluent by their calyces; style 2-branched. .59. Morinda.

Flowers distinct; stigma capitate 60. Appunia.

XV. COUSSAREAE

Seeds vertical; ovules connate, borne on a common basal column.

61. Coussarea.

Seeds horizontal; ovules separate in a 1-celled ovary, collateral,

basilar 62. Faramea.

XVI. PSYCHOTRIEAE

Ovary partly or almost wholly superior 63. Pagamea.

Ovary inferior.

Inflorescence an involucrate head (heads often compound in

Cephaelis).

Plants creeping herbs ; seeds flat on the ventral side . 64. Geophila.

Plants usually large shrubs; seeds deeply furrowed on the ventral

side 65. Cephaelis.

Inflorescence not involucrate, or very rarely so.

Fruiting carpels much compressed laterally, the fruit didymous;

plants herbaceous or suffrutescent 66. Declieuxia.

Fruiting carpels not compressed laterally; plants mostly trees

or shrubs.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 353

Seed with inrolled ventral surface; stipules pectinately lobed

or with setiform appendages 67. Rudgea.

Seed not with inrolled ventral surface; stipules mostly entire

or bilobate on each side.

Corolla tube straight, not gibbous at the base.

68. Psychotria.

Corolla tube elongate, more or less curved, gibbous at the

base. Branches of the inflorescence usually red or

yellow 69. Palicourea.

XVII. ANTHOSPERMEAE

A single genus in Venezuela 70. Nertera.

XVIII. SPERMACOCEAE

Fruit not separating into cocci, dehiscent as a whole or indehiscent.

Fruit indehiscent. Plants malodorous 71. Tobagoa.

Fruit circumscissile.

Ovary 2-celled 72. Mitracarpus.

Ovary 3-4-celled 73. Perama.

Fruit separating into cocci.

Flowers in panicled umbels. Plants scandent. . .74. Emmeorrhiza.

Flowers not in umbels.

Cocci indehiscent.

Cocci 3-4 75. Richardia.

Cocci 2 76. Diodia.

Cocci, at least one of them, dehiscent.

Cocci opening only at the base. Flowers axillary.

77. Hemidiodia.

Cocci opening at the apex.

Cells of the fruit unlike, one opening, the other remaining

closed 78. Spermacoce.

Cells of the fruit alike, both opening 79. Borreria.

XIX. GALIEAE

Flowers surrounded by a calyx-like involucre 80. Relbunium.

Flowers not involucrate. . . .81. Galium.

354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

1. UNCARIA Schreb.

Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. Syst. 370. 1796. Ourouparia

guianensis Aubl. PL Guian. 177. pi. 168. 1775.

Along Lora River, Zulia, Pittier 10950 (W). Ranging to Brazil

and Bolivia.

A large coarse scandent shrub, armed with stout recurved spines;

leaves elliptic or oval, abruptly short-acuminate, glabrous; flowers

small, white, disposed in dense globose long-stalked heads; fruit dry

and mitlike.

Aublet reports the Carib name of the plant as "you rouoari,"

and the French name as "liane-acrochet."

2. ALSEIS Schott

Alseis labatioides Karst. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 190.

1889. A. leiantha Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 531. 1924.

Campanero, near Puerto Cabello, Karsten (photo, of type ex herb.

Berol. in herb. Field Mus.). Road from Puerto Cabello to San

Felipe, Carabobo, 10-100 m., in forest, Pittier 8850 (W, type of

A. leiantha; G), 9099 (G). Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 1317 (K).

A tree 8-10 m. high, the branchlets 4-angled; stipules lance-

subulate, 2 cm. long, deciduous; leaves short-petiolate, membrana-

ceous,the blades narrowly elliptic-obovate, 14-18 cm. long, 2. 5-4.5 cm.

wide, acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, sparsely hirtellous or

glabrate; flowers in elongate spikes; calyx 5-lobate, 1.5 mm. long,

the lobes lanceolate, acute, glabrous; corolla greenish yellow, tubular-

campanulate, 5.5 mm. long, glabrous outside, pilose within; stamens

long-exserted; capsule clavate, 10-13 mm. long.

3. MANETTIA L.

Manettia calycosa Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 330. 1861.

Between Cagiiita and Los Rastrojos, Pittier 9215 (W, Y).

Chacaito Gorge, near Caracas, in thicket, Pittier 9934 (W, Y).

Guinand Estate, Siquire Valley, Miranda, 500-1,000 m., Pittier 5971

(B, W), 7082 (W). Las Mostazas, Miranda, 950 m., Allart 218

(B, W, Y). San Pablo de Mendoza, Trujillo, 1,400 m., Pittier 10746

(W, Y). Colonia Tovar, Fendler 588 (M). Hacienda Paloma,

Miranda, 900-1,200 m., Pittier 13051 (F, W, Y). Minca, Funck

438 (P). Maracaibo, Plee 104 (P). Prov. Caracas, 900 m., Funck

& Schlim 153 (P). Also in Colombia and Haiti.

An herbaceous vine; leaves thick, lanceolate or lance-ovate, long-

acuminate, scaberulous or puberulent or glabrate, conspicuously

veined; calyx lobes 4, lanceolate or ovate, 3.5-5 mm. long, acute;

corolla red, tomentulose, 17-20 mm. long; capsule obovoid-globose,

5-6 mm. long, tomentulose.

Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PL 1: 624. 1797. Nacibea

coccinea Aubl. PL Guian. 96. pi. 37, f. 1. 1775. M. uniflora HBK.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 355

Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 387. 1820. M. cuspidata Bert, ex Spreng. Syst.

Veg. 1:415. 1825.

Type of M. uniflora from Caripe at 1,000 m., Humboldt &

Bonpland. Guaremales Road, Carabobo, 10-100 m., Pittier 9128

(P, W, Y). Cristobal Colon, Broadway 642 (W). Widely distributed

in tropical America.

Plants glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberulent on the

younger parts; stipules truncate or acute; leaves large, ovate, long-

acuminate, rounded at the base; calyx lobes 8, linear, 5-10 mm.

long, recurved; corolla red or pale red, glabrous outside, 17-20 mm.

long; capsule 6-10 mm. long, subglobose.

The plant is a frequent weed of the lowlands in many parts of

tropical America.

Manettia coccocypseloides Wernham, Kew Bull. 1914: 64.

1914.

Tabay, 2,200 m., moist forest, Gehriger 394 (F) . Also in Colombia.

A slender scandent herb, the stems puberulent; leaves lanceolate

to ovate, acuminate, puberulent; stipules small, broadly ovate;

flowers arranged in few-flowered cymes; calyx lobes 4, linear-oblong,

3-4 mm. long; corolla white, 1 cm. long, puberulent outside; capsule

subglobose, sparsely puberulent or glabrate.

Manettia Lindenii Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 833. 1905.

Agua de Obispo, Prov. Trujillo, Linden 1439 (L, type collection).

Prov. Trujillo, 2,250 m., Funck & Schlim 758 (P). Andes of Trujillo

and Me"rida, Linden 313 (P).

Branchlets puberulent; stipules truncate, glandular-ciliate; leaves

ovate, 2-3 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at the base, coriaceous,

glabrous, shining above, the veins prominent; flowers in terminal

and axillary cymes, short-pedicellate; calyx lobes 4 (rarely 6), deltoid,

subobtuse, less than 1 mm. long; corolla described by the collectors

as either blue or white, sparsely and minutely puberulent, 7 mm.

long; capsule subglobose, 4 mm. long, glabrous.

The type collection was listed by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66 : 181. 1889) as Manettia Lygistum Sw., var. typica Schum. Wernham

(Gen. Manettia 28. 1919) ascribes the species erroneously to

Colombia.

Manettia marginata Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 178. 1889.

Type from the Orinoco River, Bonpland (photo, ex herb. Berol.

inF).

Branchlets minutely pubescent, becoming glabrate; leaves short-

petiolate, the blades oblong, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute

or acuminate, marginate, coriaceous, appressed-puberulent beneath

on the veins, otherwise glabrous, the veins inconspicuous, not reticu-

late; cymes axillary, 2-5-flowered, shorter than the leaves; hypan-

356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

thium minutely puberulent; calyx lobes as long as the hypanthium,

oblong, acute; corolla 5 mm. long, the lobes one-third as long as the

tube; capsule glabrous.

Manettia meridensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 178. 1889.

Prov. MeYida, 1,600 m., Linden 331 (L, P, type collection).

Quirora, MeYida, John 688 (W). Schumann reports also Linden

350 and Moritz 975 from MeYida. The species occurs in Colombia.

Leaves thick, narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, long-acuminate,

acute to obtuse at the base, glabrous above, appressed-pilose beneath

along the veins when young; calyx lobes 4, lanceolate or oblong,

elongate; hypanthium white-tomentose; corolla white, pink, or red,

puberulent within, the lobes half as long as the tube.

Manettia microcarpa Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 179. 1889.

Type from Carabobo, Linden 1542. Schumann reports also

Moritz 481 from Puerto Cabello. Patanemo Valley, Carabobo, in

coffee plantations, Pittier 8660 (W). Colonia Tovar, Fendler 1997

(M) . Ocumare Valley, Aragua, humid forest, Pittier 1 2554 (F, W, Y) .

Glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong,

long-acuminate and cuspidate, acute at the base; stipules truncate;

inflorescence axillary, several-flowered, much shorter than the leaves;

calyx lobes 4, triangular-ovate, acute, equaling the hypanthium;

corolla white, 5 mm. long, glabrous outside, the tube dilated above;

capsule subglobose, glabrous, 2 mm. in diameter, the seeds few.

Manettia mollis Moritz ex Wernham, Gen. Manettia 35. 1919.

Type from MeYida, Moritz without number and 839 in part.

Wernham reports also a collection, without locality, by Birschel.

Colonia Tovar, Fendler 587 (M). Galipan, Distrito Federal, Allart

163 (W).

Stems pulverulent-puberulent, stipules short, apiculate; leaves

short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades lanceolate to elliptic,

acuminate, 2-4 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, pubescent; calyx lobes 4,

broadly ovate, acuminate, accrescent, subfoliaceous; corolla puberu-

lent outside, at least on the lobes, the tube 10 mm. long, the lobes

5 mm. long, oblong; capsule broadly ellipsoid, puberulent, 1 cm.

long, 6 mm. wide.

Some of the specimens listed above were cited incorrectly by

Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 176. 1889) under Manettia racemosa

R. &P.

Manettia Moritziana (Schum.) Wernham, Gen. Manettia 31.

1919. M. Lygistum Sw., var. Moritziana Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 180. 1889.

Type collected near MeYida, Moritz 976 (F; Wernham gives the

locality as Faji). Tabay, 2,200 m., moist forest, Gehriger 399 (F).

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 357

A glabrous scandent herb; stipules truncate; leaves short-petio-

late, firm-chartaceous, the blades elliptic, 4-7 cm. long, 1.5-2.3 cm.

wide, caudate-acuminate, acute at the base; flowers paniculate;

calyx lobes 4, fleshy, broadly ovate to suborbicular, more or less

rounded at the apex, 2.3 mm. long or less; corolla blue, glabrous

outside, 8 mm. long.

Manettia Schumanniana Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5:

834. 1905. M. Lygistum Sw., var. glabrata Schum. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 66: 181. 1889.

Colonia Tovar, Fendler 589 (M, type collection) . Silla de Caracas,

Kuntze 1615 (W, Y); alt. 2,000-2,600 m., Pittier 8337 (W). Moun-

tains near Galipan, E. Pittier 116 (W, Y). Cerro de Galipan, 1,350-

1,800 m., Eggers 1356^ (W). Me>ida, Engel (L). Moritz 1807 is

reported by Schumann and by Wernham (Gen. Manettia 29. 1919).

Stems minutely and sparsely puberulent; stipules subtruncate

or triangular, glandular-ciliate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades

ovate or ovate-oblong, 4-7 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate,

obtuse at the base, glabrous; cymes few- or many-flowered, the pedi-

cels 1.5 cm. long or less; calyx lobes 4, narrowly triangular, subobtuse,

1 mm. long; corolla blue, glabrous outside, the tube 10 mm. long,

the oblong lobes 4.5-5 mm. long; capsule obovoid, 5 mm. long, short-

pubescent.

Pittier 8337 is listed wrongly by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 662. 1928)

under Manettia Lygistum Sw.

Manettia Sonderiana Wernham, Gen. Manettia 30. 1919.

The type is Moritz 839, in part, without definite locality (photo,

in F). Prov. Me*rida, 1,800 m., Linden 350 (L).

Stems sparsely hirtellous; stipules reduced almost to a line; leaves

petiolate, firm-chartaceous, the blades ovate-elliptic, 4.5-7 cm. long,

2-3 cm. wide, glabrate, acuminate, acute at the base; flowers um-

bellate, the umbels 2-3-flowered, axillary, the pedicels 5 mm. long;

calyx lobes 4, broadly lanceolate, subfoliaceous, becoming glabrous,

acuminate, 3-5 mm. long; corolla red, glabrous outside, the tube

18 mm. long, the lobes 3.5 mm. long; capsule oblong-ellipsoid, 5 mm.

long, glabrous.

4. CINCHONA L.

Cinchona Henleana Karst. in Koch & Fint. Wochenschr. 2:

31. 1859; Fl. Columb. 1: 55. pi. 27. 1859.

Type from wet forests of Colonia Tovar at 1,800 m., Karsten.

Colonia Tovar, 1,860 m., Fendler 580 (G, M). Hacienda Puerto

La Cruz, Distrito Federal, Pittier 8053 (W). Also in Colombia.

A tree 15 m. high, the branches minutely tpmentose; stipules

triangular-ovate, acuminate, tomentose, the margins revolute; leaves

petiolate, the blades oblong-obovate, 20-40 cm. long, 7-15 cm. wide,

acute or acuminate, narrowed to the base, glabrous above, hirtellous

beneath on the veins; panicles terminal or pseudo-axillary, few-

358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

flowered, the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx large, 5-7 mm. long,

truncate or obscurely denticulate, minutely tomentose; corolla pink,

coriaceous, densely sericeous, the tube 2.5 cm. long, the 5 lobes

oblong, obtuse, shorter than the tube; capsule oblong, densely and

minutely tomentose, 3.5-4 cm. long.

This is easily recognized by the very large calyx. The pubescence

of the corolla lobes would indicate that the species might well be

placed in the genus Ladenbergia, but the capsule is typical of Cinchona.

Cinchona lancifolia Mutis, which is a synonym of C. officinalis L.,

is listed by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 661. 1928) for Venezuela, but

without cited authority. Apparently there is no reason for assuming

that this species is a member of the Venezuelan flora.

Cinchona pubescens Vahl, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. 1: 19. 1790.

C. cordifolia Mutis ex Humb. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 1:

117. 1807. C. pubescens a cordata DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830.

Weddell (Hist. Quinquin. 56. 1849) states that he had seen a

specimen of this species collected in the "province de Caracas" in

1829 by Vargas, and Pittier (PI. Usual. Venez. 353) intimates that

it grows in the high forests of the Andes. The present writer has

seen no Venezuelan specimens. The species ranges from Colombia

to Bolivia, in the higher mountains.

A medium-sized tree, the trunk 30 cm. or more in diameter, the

branchlets pubescent; stipules free, ovate, large, obtuse or acute,

caducous, sericeous or glabrate; leaves petiolate, the blades commonly

broadly ovate to orbicular, large, rounded to acute at the apex,

cordate to acute at the base, usually glabrate above but often pubes-

cent, beneath densely pilose to almost glabrous, often scrobiculate;

inflorescence terminal, paniculate, leafy, large and many-flowered,

open, the flowers subsessile; hypanthium sericeous; calyx 5-dentate,

minutely sericeous or tomentulose; corolla red or pink, sericeous,

the tube 1 cm. long, the lanceolate lobes 5-7 mm. long, villous

within; capsule lanceolate or oblong, glabrate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long.

"Quina." The various forms of this species are the principal

source of the drug quinine. According to Pittier, cinchona bark

formerly was exported from the mountains of Venezuela, and prob-

ably was obtained from this species. The chief cinchona centers,

however, are much farther south, in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Cinchona tucujensis Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 17. pi. 9. 1858.

Type from Carache, at the foot of Paramo de Las Rosas, moun-

tains of Me"rida, 1,500 m., Karsten.

A tree 6-10 m. high, the bark yellowish-fuscous, the branch-

lets yellowish-tomentose; stipules oval, acute, pilose; leaf blades

membranaceous, elliptic, 16-20 cm. long, 10-13 cm. wide, acute,

attenuate to obtuse at the base, pilosulous above, beneath densely

tomentose-pubescent; panicles terminal, leafy, large and many-

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 359

flowered, the flowers subsessile, 1.5 cm. long; calyx 5-dentate, pilo-

sulous; corolla pink, pilose, the lobes villous on the margin; capsules

oblong or oval, 1-4 cm. long, 5-7 mm. thick, glabrate.

According to Karsten, the bark formerly was exported on a large

scale under the name of "quinquina de Maracaibo." This species is

closely related to C. cordifolia, and perhaps only a form or variety

of it.

5. REMIJIA DC.

Remijia firmula (Mart.) Wedd. Hist. Quinquin. 93. 1849.

Cinchona firmula Mart. Reise Bras. 3: 1286. 1831.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 156. 1889) from

San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 2954- Also in northern Brazil.

Branchlets cinereous- villous; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong,

10-25 cm. long, acute, attenuate to the base, strigillose beneath,

coriaceous; inflorescences large, axillary, longer than the leaves;

calyx ferruginous-tomentose, 2 mm. long, the lobes subulate, very

acute; corolla 2 cm. long, ferruginous-tomentose, the lobes linear-

lanceolate, equaling the tube; capsule pyriform, 1 cm. long.

Remijia hispida Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 150.

1889.

Type from banks of the Orinoco near Esmeralda, Spruce 3428

(photo, in F). Rocky top of Esmeralda Ridge, 100 m., Tate 214

(Y). Among bushes at base of Esmeralda Ridge, Tate 277 (F, Y).

A shrub; stipules linear-oblong, acuminate, 2.5 cm. long; leaves

coriaceous, petiolate, the blades oblong-lanceolate, 9-14 cm. long,

3-4.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base, ferruginous-hispid;

inflorescence hispid, pedunculate, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx

tubular, 1 cm. long, obsoletely repand-dentate; corolla 3.5-4 cm.

long, villous, the lobes linear-lanceolate, half as long as the tube;

capsule oblong, 1.5-1.8 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, ferruginous-hispid.

Remijia laevifolia, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis crassis glabris,

internodiis abbreviatis; stipulae magnae acutae sparse strigosae

caducae; folia coriacea brevissime petiolata, lamina oblonga yel

anguste elliptico-oblonga acuminata basi acuta glabra; inflorescentiae

axillares longe pedunculatae conferto-cymosae dense multiflorae,

floribus sessilibus; calyx profunde lobatus, laciniis anguste lanceolato-

triangularibus attenuatis; capsula elliptico-oblonga parva adpresso-

pilosula.

A large shrub, the young branches stout, subterete or somewhat

compressed, glabrous, the internodes 1-1.5 cm. long; stipules cadu-

cous, elliptic-oblong, about 2.5 cm. long and 9 mm. wide, acute,

sparsely strigose; leaves very shortly petiolate, opposite, coriaceous,

the petioles stout, about 5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong or narrowly

elliptic-oblong, 12-13 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, acuminate, with acute

360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

tip, at the base acute, glabrous, lustrous above, the costa subim-

pressed, the veins evident but scarcely elevated, beneath brownish

and dull, the costa slender, elevated, the veins about 12 pairs, very

inconspicuous and slender, diverging at an angle of nearly 45 degrees,

obscurely anastomosing close to the margin; inflorescences axillary,

cymose-corymbose, very dense and many-flowered, 4 cm. broad, borne

on a stout, ascending, sparsely strigose peduncle 10.5 cm. long, the

flowers sessile, crowded, the primary branches of the inflorescence

7 mm. long or less, divaricate, densely ochraceous-strigose, the

bracts 6 mm. long or less, persistent, linear or linear-subulate, rigid,

spreading, appressed-pilosulous; calyx 4-5 mm. long, persistent at the

apex of the capsule, strigillose, 5-lobate to below the middle, the seg-

ments narrowly lance-triangular, long-acuminate, suberect; capsule

elliptic-oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, obscurely bisulcate,

ferruginous, rather densely appressed-pilosulous, acutish at the base

and obtuse at the apex. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, dry ridge tops,

Savanna Hills, alt. 1,320 m., G. H. H. Tate 802 (herb. N. Y. Bot.

Gard., type; photo, in herb. Field Museum).

Leaves with red midveins. The plant represented by the type

specimen evidently is closely related to R. tenuiflora Benth., but

it seems to be fairly distinct, although ampler material may show

that it can not be maintained as a separate species. R. tenuiflora,

according to type and other material, differs in having much longer

petioles, less strongly coriaceous leaves, a much laxer inflorescence,

and more slender capsules.

Remijia pacimonica, sp. nov.— Folia quaternata sessilia sub-

coriacea, lamina oblongo-obovata c. 84 cm. longa et 29 cm. lata,

apice rotundata et abrupte acuminato-apiculata, acumine triangulari

acuto 12 mm. longo, basin versus longe angustata, supra in sicco

fusca, glabrata, tantum ad yenas breviter pilosula, subtus pallidior,

ubique densiuscule pilis brevibus arete adpressis pallidis rigidiusculis

pilosula, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus numerosis angulo lato

adscendentibus rectis vel subarcuatis gracilibus elevatis, nervulis vix

elevatis arete reticulatis; inflorescentia cymoso-racemosa pedun-

culata 12 cm. longa, cymis ternatis vel quaternatis remotis usque

ad 1.5 cm. longe pedunculatis, rhachi densissime adpresso-pilosula,

cymulis paucifloris, bracteis lanceolatis vel anguste ovatis brevibus

acutis vel acuminatis dense adpresso-pilosulis, floribus sessilibus;

hypanthium oblongum 6-7 mm. longum 4 mm. latum dense sub-

adpresse ferrugineo-pilosum basi obtusum vel acutiusculum; calyx

2.5-3 mm. altus dense adpresso-pilosulus breviter dentatus, dentibus

remotis triangularibus acutis erectis; corolla in alabastro 24 mm.

longa densissime adpresso-pilosa 3 mm. crassa apice obtusa, lobis

tubo longioribus. — Venezuela: In silvis secus originem fluminis

Pacimoni, February, 1854, R. Spruce (herb. Kew., type).

The available material is incomplete, consisting of a single

detached leaf and one apparently incomplete inflorescence with

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 361

flower buds. The species is related to Remijia amazonica Schum.,

which is distinguished by its much smaller leaves and smaller flowers.

Remijia roraimae (Benth.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 154.

1889. Cinchona roraimae Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 214. 1841.

Cascarilla roraimae Wedd. Hist. Quinquin. 89. 1849. Ladenbergia

roraimae Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 14: sub pi. 15 1846.

Type collected among undershrubs in the Roraima Mountains at

1,200 meters, Schomburgk 451. Reported also from the upper

Amazon in Brazil.

Branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; leaves petiolate, the blades

oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 10-13 cm. long, acute, cuneate at the

base, subtomentose or in age glabrous above, beneath ferruginous-

tomentose; inflorescences longer than the leaves, the flowers short-

pedicellate; calyx obsoletely 5-6-dentate, 2-3 mm. long, densely

villous; corolla 3 cm. long, appressed-pilose or villous, the lobes

narrowly triangular; capsule globose, rounded at the base, 12-15

mm. long, ferruginous-tomentose.

Remijia tenuiflora Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 214. 1841.

Agiiita, Mount Duida, 930 meters, Tate 930 (Y). Also in British

Guiana, and along the Rio Negro in Brazil.

A small tree, the branchlets sericeous; leaves short-petiolate,

the blades oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 8.5-14 cm. long or larger,

acute, cuneate at the base, glabrous or minutely pilose only on the

veins; inflorescence usually shorter than the leaves and rather few-

flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx campanulate, sericeous,

3-4 mm. long, the lobes subulate; corolla about 2 cm. long, the lobes

linear-lanceolate, acute, half as long as the tube; capsule clavate,

1.5-2.2 cm. long, 1.5-1.7 cm. wide.

Although the specimen from Mount Duida is noteworthy for its

large and many-flowered inflorescences, and for the large leaves

with almost perpendicular veins, probably it is no more than a form

of R. tenuiflora, and I see no good reason for considering it a distinct

species.

6. LADENBERGIA Klotzsch

Ladenbergia Lambertiana (A. Br.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arz-

neigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona Lambertiana A. Br. ex Mart.

Reise Bras. 3: 1286. 1831. Ladenbergia Schomburgkii Klotzsch, loc.

cit. Cascarilla Lambertiana Wedd. Hist. Quinquin. 85. 1849.

Rio Casiquiare, Spruce (K). Rocky top of Esmeralda Ridge,

Tate 206 (Y). Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 147.

1889) from Roraima, Schomburgk 54-7. Also in Amazonian Brazil

and in British Guiana.

Branchlets puberulent or glabrate; stipules triangular-lanceolate,

3-4 cm. long; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong-lanceo-

362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

late or oblong, 12-18 cm. long, acuminate to subobtuse, truncate or

subcordate at the base, glabrous; inflorescence paniculate, 15-20

cm. long, the branches ferruginous-pilose, the flowers short-pedicel-

late; calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, denticulate; corolla subsericeous, the

lobes lanceolate, subobtuse, half as long as the tube or shorter; cap-

sule lanceolate, 1.5-6 cm. long, 8 mm. thick.

Ladenbergia lucens, sp. nov. — Arbor, ut videtur omnino glabra

(corollis non visis) ; stipulae caducae lanceolato-oblongae acuminatae;

folia crasse coriacea crasse petiolata, lamina oblongo-elliptica vel

elliptico-oyata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi late rotundata,

supra lucidissima, subtus pallidiore; inflorescentia terminalis laxe

pauciflora pedunculata, floribus pedicellatis; calyx profunde 5-fidus,

laciniis triangularibus acuminatis.

A straggling tree, completely glabrous except possibly on the

corolla (corollas not seen), the young branches stout, subterete or

slightly compressed, ochraceous or ferruginous, the internodes mostly

3.5-4.5 cm. long; stipules caducous, 15 mm. long and 7-8 mm. wide,

lance-oblong, acuminate; leaves petiolate, opposite, thick-coriaceous,

oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 10.5-18.5 cm. long, 4-11 cm. wide,

slightly narrowed toward the rounded or very obtuse apex, at the

base rounded or broadly rounded or rarely acutish, bright green and

very lustrous on the upper surface, the costa and veins conspicuous

and somewhat prominent, beneath much paler, dull, the costa stout,

elevated, the veins about 8 pairs, prominent, pale, ascending at an

acute or rather broad angle, arcuate, anastomosing close to the

slightly revolute margin, the ultimate veinlets evident but incon-

spicuous and not elevated; inflorescence terminal, laxly cymose-

paniculate, few-flowered, about 7 cm. long, borne on a stout peduncle

2-4 cm. long, the flowers chiefly on short stout pedicels; hypanthium

clavate, about 6 mm. long, long-attenuate to the base; calyx 3.5-4

mm. long, deeply 5-fid, the segments triangular, acuminate, erect;

corollas and capsules unknown. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, bank

of stream at Central Camp, alt. 1,440 meters, G. H. H. Tate 558

(herb. N. Y. Bot. Card., type; duplicate in herb. Field Mus.).

The material upon which this description is based is incomplete

and far from satisfactory for study, but it seems to represent a

species unlike any illustrated in the large series of the genus found

in the herbarium of Field Museum. Since it is improbable that the

plant will be re-collected soon, it is perhaps best to give it a name,

although the writer realizes that already too many species have

been proposed in Ladenbergia.

Ladenbergia macrocarpa (Vahl) Klotzsch (Cascarilla macrocarpa

Wedd.) is listed for Venezuela by Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 662. 1928,

but the species is known only from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 363

Ladenbergia magnifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arz-

neigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona magnifolia R. & P. Fl. Peruv.

2: 53. pi. 196. 1799.

San Carlos, Amazonas, 100 meters, Holt & Gehriger 296 (F).

Colombia to Bolivia.

A tree with cinnamon-brown bark; stipules 2-3 cm. long, acute,

sericeous; leaves petiolate, the blades broadly elliptic to oblong-

elliptic, 10-30 cm. long, obtuse or acute, acute to rounded at the

base, glabrous above, barbellate beneath in the axils of the veins;

inflorescence paniculate, long-pedunculate; calyx lobes triangular-

ovate, acute, tomentulpse; corolla white, 1.5 cm. long, the lobes

lanceolate, acute, equaling or shorter than the tube; capsule linear-

oblong or lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm. long, 7-10 mm. thick, glabrate.

Ladenbergia Lambertiana probably is not specifically distinct

from this species.

Ladenbergia Moritziana Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 14:

sub pi. 15. 1846. Cascarilla citrifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10:

11. 1848. Buena citrifolia Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869.

Cinchona Moritziana Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 133. pi. 66. 1861.

Type from Galipan. Colonia Tovar, 1,950 meters, Fendler 579

(G, M, Y). Prov. Caracas, 1,350 meters, Funck & Schlim 104 (P).

Type of Cascarilla citrifolia from Venezuela, without indication of the

locality or collector.

A tree 12 meters high, the branchlets glabrous; stipules free or

short-connate, oval, obtuse, glabrous; leaf blades oblong or obovate,

about 15 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, coriaceous, obtuse or rounded at the

apex, obtuse or acute at the base, glabrous, shining above; panicles

few-flowered, glabrous; calyx lobes broadly ovate, obtuse; corolla

whitish, 3.5-5 cm. long, coriaceous, subsericeous, the 5-6 lobes oblong,

obtuse; capsule 4 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate or clavate, glabrous.

Cascarilla nitida Wedd., listed for Venezuela by Knuth (Init. Fl.

Venez. 662. 1928), is a Colombian plant, synonymous with Laden-

bergia magnifolia.

Ladenbergia Pittieri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 51. 1930.

Near La Cuchilla, Trujillo, on the road from Valera to Carora,

Pittier 12943 (F, type; W, Y). Carvajal, near Valera, Trujillo,

Pittier 11002 (W).

A tree 3-4 meters high with glabrous branchlets; stipules oblong-

ovate, obtuse, 2.5-3 cm. long, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, sub-

coriaceous, the blades broadly elliptic to elliptic-oval, 12-26 cm.

long, acute or obtuse, rounded at the base and usually deeply cordate

or subcordate, glabrous above and shining, glabrous beneath or bar-

bate in the axils of the veins; panicle pedunculate, 7-9 cm. long or

more, the branches appressed-pilosulous; calyx 2.5-3 mm. long,

364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

glabrate, the lobes oblong, ciliate; corolla white, minutely appressed-

pilose, the tube 25-28 mm. long, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, 7-9 mm.

long; capsule linear, 3.8-5.5 cm. long, 4-5 mm. thick, glabrate.

Ladenbergia tovarensis (Karst.), comb. nov. Cinchona tova-

rensis Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 134. 1861.

Type from Colonia Tovar, Karsten.

Closely related to L. Moritziana, according to Karsten; leaves

ovate, acuminate, glabrous; stipules free or nearly so, obovate,

acute, glabrous, papillose within at the base; capsule woody, linear-

lanceolate.

Ladenbergia undata Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 14: sub

pi. 15. 1846. Cascarilla undata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 12.

1848. Cinchona undata Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 131. pi. 65. 1861.

Buena undata Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11 : 187. 1869.

Type collected near Jaji, MeYida. Without locality, Moritz 963

(G, W). Also in Colombia.

A large tree, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; stipules free

or short-connate, hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, thick-coriaceous,

the blades strongly bullate, elliptic or oval, obtuse or rounded at the

apex, subcordate or rounded at the base, shining above, glabrate,

tomentose beneath; panicles corymbiform, few-flowered, brown-

tomentose; calyx lobes large, ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse; corolla

hirsute-sericeous, 3-3.5 cm. long, the lobes shorter than the tube;

capsule oblong, 4-5 cm. long, glabrate.

"Quinaquma."

7. CALYGOPHYLLUM DC.

Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) DC. Prodr. 4: 367.

1830. Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. 2: 38. 1791.

Acarigua, Alvarado 8732 (W). San Martin, Zulia, Pittier 10517

(W). Reported also from the banks of the Orinoco. Widely dis-

tributed in tropical America, ranging northward to Mexico.

A tall forest tree; stipules triangular or lanceolate, 1 cm. long or

shorter; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades rounded-oval to ovate,

4-13 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, at the base acute or obtuse and

abruptly decurrent, glabrous above, beneath usually hirsute along

the costa but elsewhere glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence corym-

bose, few- or many-flowered, the flowers arranged in small dense

cymes; bracts brown, caducous, enclosing the buds; calyx in some of

the flowers expanded into a showy petal-like limb, this subreniform

to rhombic-ovate and 1.2-3 cm. long, white; corolla white, the tube

3 mm. long, densely villous in the throat, the lobes ovate- triangular,

slightly longer than the tube; capsule 6-10 mm. long, oblong-cylindric,

acute at the base; seeds numerous, small, brown, winged at each end.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 365

"Betun," "araguato." The hard and very fine-grained wood is

of good quality, and it is used for construction purposes. Although

the tree is abundant in many parts of tropical America, it is reported

as uncommon in Venezuela.

8. FERDINANDUSA Pohl

Ferdinandusa Goudotiana Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 211.

1889.

Roraima, Schomburgk 621 (P). Type from British Guiana,

Schomburgk 985.

Young branchlets ferruginous-puberulent; leaves short-petiolate,

the blades oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 11-22 cm. long, obtusely

acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous above, pilose or glabrate

beneath; inflorescence decussate-paniculate, leafy at the base, the

branches ferruginous- tomentulose; hypanthium 1.5-2 mm. long;

calyx almost 1 mm. long, 5-dentate, glabrous, ciliolate; corolla

15-17 mm. long, the lobes one-third as long as the tube, obliquely

ovate.

Ferdinandusa guainiae Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 208. 1889.

Type from the Rio Guainia (Rio Negro), above the mouth of

the Rio Casiquiare, Spruce 3510 (photo, in F). Also in Amazonian

Brazil.

Young branchlets glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades

oblong or obovate-oblong, 3-8 cm. long, subobtuse, acute to rounded

at the base, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, few-flowered, leafy,

short-pedunculate, the pedicels 7-20 mm. long; hypanthium 2 mm.

long; calyx scarcely 1 mm. long, obsoletely 5-7-denticulate; corolla

3.8-4.2 cm. long, the lobes very short, obliquely ovate, glabrous;

capsule linear-oblong, glabrous, 3.5-4.5 cm. long, woody; seeds linear,

winged, 12-16 mm. long.

Ferdinandusa Sprucei Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 210. 1889.

Type collected in the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce 3375 (photo, in F).

Branchlets minutely ferruginous-puberulent; leaves petiolate, the

blades narrowly linear-oblong, 8.5-16 cm. long, shortly obtuse-

acuminate, rounded or subcordate at the base or rarely acute, gla-

brous and shining; inflorescence short, leafy at the base, the pedicels

very short, the flowers congested; hypanthium glabrous, 2 mm. long;

calyx scarcely 1 mm. long, 4-dentate; corolla glabrous, 3 cm. long,

the lobes very short, obliquely ovate; disk longer than the calyx;

capsule siliquiform, glabrous, 12 cm. long and 5 mm. thick, attenuate

to each end.

366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

9. HILLIA Jacq.

Hillia parasitica Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 18. 1760.

San Juan Mountain, Margarita Island, 550 meters, Johnston 41

(F, W). Mount Duida, Desfiladero, 2,100 meters, Tate (Y). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

A glabrous epiphytic shrub, sometimes scandent and several

meters long; leaves petiolate, the blades chiefly elliptic, 6-14 cm.

long, coriaceous, cuspidate-acuminate; flowers terminal, solitary,

sessile; calyx 6-parted or absent; corolla white, the slender tube

6-10 cm. long; fruit an elongate narrow capsule.

10. COSMIBUENA R. & P.

Cosmibuena grandiflora (R. & P.) Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot.

Gard. 4: 368. 1907. Cinchona grandiflora R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 54.

pi. 198. 1799. Cosmibuena quinqueflora Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew.

14:subpZ. 15. 1843.

Type of Cosmibuena quinqueflora from Los Andes, MeYida, Moritz;

represented in herb. Field Mus. by a photo, and fragm. ex herb. Berol.

Colombia to Bolivia.

A glabrous tree 5-12 meters high; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the

blades elliptic to oval or oblong-elliptic, rounded or very obtuse at

the apex, shining; flowers in few-flowered terminal cymes; calyx

about 1 cm. long; corolla white or ochroleucous, the tube 5-9 cm. long.

Cosmibuena triflora (Benth.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew.

14: sub pi. 15. 1843. Buena triflora Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3:

216. 1841.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 205. 1889) from

the vicinity of Mount Roraima, Schomburgk 995. Also in other

parts of British Guiana.

A glabrous epiphytic shrub; stipules caducous, 12-14 mm.

long; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong to broadly

elliptic, 8-14 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, subobtuse, acute at the base;

inflorescence terminal, 3-flowered, the pedicels 2 cm. long; calyx

lobed to the middle or less deeply, the lobes subulate, acuminate,

unequal; corolla white, 9-11 cm. long, coriaceous, the lobes linear-

lanceolate or obliquely ovate, obtuse.

11. COUTAREA Aubl.

Coutarea campanula DC. Prodr. 4: 350. 1830.

Type from Caracas, Vargas. Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 1980

(K, M).

Leaves small, elliptic, glabrous above or nearly so, pubescent

beneath, acute or acuminate; peduncles 1-3-flowered; calyx lobes

linear, elongate, hirtellous; corolla half as large as in C. hexandra;

capsule rounded-oval, 1.5-2 cm. long and nearly as broad, dark

brown, with numerous pale lenticels, glabrous, very obscurely costate.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 367

"Campanilla." The Fendler specimens are in fruit, and I have

not seen flowers of this species.

Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 196.

1889. Portlandia hexandra Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 63. pi. 182, f. 20. 1763.

C. speciosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 314. pi. 122. 1775.

Agua de Obispo, Trujillo, Engel (L). Las Cojobas, 300 m.,

Saer 525 (F). Galipan, Funck & Schlim 706 (P). Cote Ferme,

Plee 17 (P). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub or small tree, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves

short-petiolate, the blades oblong to broadly ovate or elliptic, short-

acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; flowers terminal, commonly in

clusters of 2-3; calyx lobes 6, linear; corolla asymmetric, pinkish

white to purplish, 4-5 cm. long, glabrous or puberulent; capsule

strongly compressed, about 3.5 cm. long, often marked with large

pale lenticels.

Reported also from Petare, Miranda (Pittier 9784) ', Hacienda de

Cura, Carabobo (Pittier 7919); Perija, Zulia (Tejera 23); Santa Ana,

Margarita Island (Ernst).

Vernacular names reported as "campanilla" and "cabrito negro."

Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum., var. pubescens (Pohl)

Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 198. 1889. C. pubescens Pohl, PI.

Bras. Icon. 2: 148. pi. 200. 1831.

Roraima, Schomburgk 526 (P). Widely distributed in South

America.

Like the typical form, but leaves and corollas densely pubescent.

Coutarea Lindeniana Baill. Adansonia 12: 300. 1879.

Between Caracas and Me*rida, Linden 376 (K, type collection).

Santa Ana, Trujillo, 1,700 m., Jahn 1160 (W). Near Colonia Tovar,

Fendler 544 (K, M). Also in Colombia.

A shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic or

oblong-elliptic, acuminate, glabrous or sometimes velvety-pubescent

beneath; cymes dense and many-flowered; calyx lobes elongate,

linear-subulate; corolla white, tinged with pink outside, 2.5-3.5 cm.

long.

Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) R. & S. is listed from Venezuela by

Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 663. 1928, on the authority of Ernst. The

species is a West Indian one, of which I have seen no Venezuelan

specimens. Although it is not recorded from the mainland of South

America, it might well be found in some of the drier regions of the

Venezuelan or Colombian coasts.

368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

12. HENRIQUEZIA Spruce

Henriquezia aturensis, sp. nov. — Arbor 8-10-metralis, ramulis

crassis dense brunneo-tomentosis et pilis longis patentibus gracillimis

pilosis; stipulae caducae, non visae; folia breviter petiolata opposita

magna coriacea, petiolo crasso c. 8 mm. longo dense piloso; lamina

oblongo-elliptica c. 18 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata apicem versus paullo

angustata, apice anguste rotundato, basi breviter cpntracto-acuta,

supra in sicco brunnescens dense minute patenti-pilosula, aspera,

costa venisque subimpressis, subtus pallidior, mollis, densissime pilis

longiusculis fulvis et albidis adpresso-pilosa, costa gracili eleyata,

nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 20 obliquis gracilibus prominen-

tibus angulo semirecto adscendentibus parallelis rectis marginem

attingentibus, nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentia terminalis sessilis

foliis reductis onusta, basi trichotoma, ramis oppositis trichotomis

dense tomentosis et pilosis crassis adscendentibus, floribus subum-

bellatis pedicellatis, pedicellis crassis 5-15 mm. longis, bracteis superi-

oribus parvis linearibus patentibus; hypanthium obconicum vix

2 mm. longum dense pilosum; calyx 5-partitus, laciniis lanceolato-

oblongis c. 1 cm. longis obtusis et apiculatis vel interdum acutis extus

dense tomentosis et pilosis, intus sericeis; corolla alba extus dense

albido-tomentosa et adpresso-pilosa, tubo lato 1 cm. longo campanu-

lato intus supra basin dense piloso, lobis 5 adscendentibus rotun-

dato-oyatis tubo subaequilongis intus glabris obtusis; stamina 5

valde inaequalia, filamentis gracilibus glabris, antheris linearibus

4 mm. longis inclusis. — Venezuela: Savanna of Atures, very common,

October, 1887, M. Gaillard 204 (herb. Paris, type).

So far as the specimens show, the leaves are opposite, although in

other species of the genus they are verticillate. Henriquezia aturensis

is nearest H. Jenmani Schum., of British Guiana. In the latter the

leaves are glabrous on the upper surface, and the corolla is 5 cm.

long. The corolla of the Venezuelan plant appears to be symmetrical,

rather than asymmetric.

Henriquezia Jenmani Schum. is listed for Venezuela by Knuth,

Init. Fl. Venez. 661. 1928, but there is no indication that this species

has been collected very near the Venezuelan boundary.

Henriquezia nitida Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 22:

297. pi. 54- 1859; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 134. 1889.

Type from the banks of the Rio Casiquiare, Spruce 3690.

A tree 10 m. high, the branchlets ferruginous- tomentulose; leaves

ternate, short-petiolate, thick-coriaceous, the blades oblong, 11-22

cm. long, obtuse, acute at the base, glabrous; inflorescence terminal,

the flowers pedicellate, the rachis tomentose; calyx 13 mm. long,

the lobes ovate, acuminate; corolla 3.5-4 cm. long, villous, red-

spotted within.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 369

Henriquezia oblonga Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 22:

297. 1859.

Type from the banks of the Rio Atabapo near the mouth of the

Rio Casiquiare, Spruce 3702. Region of Javita, November, 1845,

Vargas (W).

A tree 6 meters high, the branchlets glabrous; leaves short-petio-

late, oblong, 12-14 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish,

glabrous, shining above, paler beneath; capsule suborbicular, 7-8

cm. in diameter.

Henriquezia obovata Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 22:

296. 1859.

Type from the forests of the Rio Negro above the mouth of the

Rio Casiquiare, Spruce.

A tree 13-20 meters high, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentulose,

soon glabrate; stipules 1 cm. long, lanceolate, caducous; leaves

petiolate, quaternate, the blades obovate-oblong or oblong, 13-15

cm. long, obtuse or retuse, acute at the base or truncate, glabrous;

capsules semiorbicular or transverse-oblong, 6-7 cm. long, 10-11

cm. wide, complanate.

13. PLATYCARPUM H. & B. .

Platycarpum prinocense H. & B. PL Aequin. 2: 81. pi. 104-

1809. Sickingia orinocensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 622. 1825.

Type collected along the Orinoco near Atures, Humboldt &

Bonpland.

A tree 7.5-12 meters high with dense crown and white wood;

branchlets ferruginous- tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, thickish,

the blades obovate-oblong, 12.5-15 cm. long, obtuse, cuneate at the

base, reticulate- veined, tomentose, whitish beneath; panicles terminal,

branched; calyx lobes lanceolate, ferruginous- tomentose outside;

corolla pale pink, villous outside, the tube short, the 5 lobes oval,

obtuse; capsule didymous, compressed, 2-celled; seeds 2 in each cell,

lenticular, winged.

This species, the only one of the genus, is distinguished from

Henriquezia only by the fact that the calyx is persistent rather than

circumscissile, as in that group. This difference, if it really does

exist, is a trivial one, and whoever is familiar with the family will be

inclined to doubt that such a difference really does exist between two

groups otherwise so much alike. The writer has seen no specimens

of Platycarpum, and it is only on that account that he hesitates to

unite this genus with Henriquezia, as probably must be done sooner

or later. The generic name Platycarpum is, of course, the older.

370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

14. POGONOPUS Klotzsch

Pogonopus speciosus (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

265. 1889. Macrocnemum speciosum Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 19.

1797. P. Ottonis Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin 501. 1853.

Howardia caracasensis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 71. 1854. P.

caracasensis Nichols. Diet. Gard. 3: 175. 1886.

Type of P. Ottonis from Venezuela, Otto 901 . La Guaira, Robin-

son & Lyon, July 11, 1900 (W). Near Zigzag, Distrito Federal,

E. Pittier 58 (G, Y). Caracas, November, 1916, Rose (W). Without

locality, Fendler 584 (M). Caracas to La Guaira, Pittier 11672 (Y).

Petare, Pittier 9799 (P). Colombia and Central America.

A shrub or tree 2-8 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm. in

diameter; leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate or oval-obovate,

10-20 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, thin, sparsely or densely puberu-

lent beneath; cymes forming a terminal panicle; one calyx lobe in

some of the flowers expanded into a rounded-ovate, red or pink limb

1-5 cm. long; corolla tubular, pink; anthers purple; capsule 5-7

mm. long.

A showy and exceedingly handsome tree when in full flower.

15. CHIMARRHIS Jacq.

Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 61. 1763.

Lower Orinoco, Rusby & Squires 126 (F, W, Y). Also in the

West Indies.

A tree, sometimes 25 meters high, the branchlets glabrous;

stipules triangular-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, acuminate or attenuate;

leaves petiolate, the blades obovate or oval-obovate, 5-30 cm. long,

obtuse or acutish, acute to attenuate at the base and often decurrent,

glabrous or sometimes short-pilose beneath; flowers in axillary long-

pedunculate cymes 6-18 cm. broad, the branches rusty-puberulent,

the bracts minute or rarely foliaceous, the pedicels 1-2 mm. long;

calyx minutely denticulate; corolla white, glabrous outside, 4-6 mm.

long, the tube much shorter than the oblong obtuse lobes; stamens

exserted; capsule 2-5 mm. long; seeds numerous, minute, reticulate,

sometimes produced at the angles.

Chimarrhis Pittieri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 53. 1930.

Type collected by Pittier, No. 11954, without locality (W, type;

photo, in F; Y). Quebrada de los Hermanos, near Macuto, Quebrada

del Rio de la Guaira, Birschel (K).

A large tree, the young branchlets puberulent or glabrate;

stipules deciduous, appressed-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades

oblong-obovate or broadly obovate, 14-32 cm. long, abruptly short-

acuminate, gradually narrowed toward the base, or sometimes

abruptly contracted and decurrent, glabrous above, beneath minutely

strigillose; inflorescences terminal and axillary, densely many-

flowered, leafy-bracted at the base, the branchlets densely strigillose,

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 371

the flowers very densely cymose-glomerate, sessile or very shortly

pedicellate; capsule broadly obovoid, 3.5-4 mm. long, densely strigil-

lose; calyx cupular, 1.5 mm. long, very shallowly lobate.

According to Birschel, the leaves are sometimes 30-45 cm. long.

Pittier reports the vernacular name as "lengua de vaca," probably

an allusion to the form of the leaves.

In C. cymosa there are tufts of hairs on the lower leaf surface in

the axils of the veins; in C. Pittieri these are wanting.

Portlandia acuminata Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 23. 1819.—

Type collected in Venezuela ("Caracas") by Bredemeyer. The only

description consists of the words "leaves ovate acuminate." The

identification of the plant concerned, without reference to the type

in the Willdenow Herbarium, is, therefore, impossible. It is not

unlikely that the plant is Coutarea hexandra.

16. TRESANTHERA Karst.

Tresanthera condamineoides Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 37. pi. 19.

1858.

Type collected near Campanero, vicinity of Puerto Cabello, in

hot wet forests at an elevation of 100-200 meters, Karsten. Near

Colonia Tovar, Fendler 2366 (G). Also in Tobago.

A glabrous tree 15-20 meters high, the trunk 30 cm. in diameter;

stipules longer than the petiole, lanceolate, acuminate; leaves mem-

branaceous, petiolate, the blades obovate-lanceolate, about 60 cm.

long and 23 cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed to the base; inflores-

cence terminal, paniculate, sometimes almost 1 meter long, the

flowers pedicellate, 2.5-3 cm. long; calyx 5-crenate; corolla campanu-

late, coriaceous, orange-red, the lobes triangular, recurved; capsule

woody, ellipsoid, 2 cm. long.

17. WARSCEWICZIA Klotzsch

Warscewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin

1853: 497. 1853. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38.

1791.

Carache Bridge, Trujillo, Pittier 13124 (F). Panama; widely

distributed in South America.

A shrub or small tree; leaves large, petiolate, the blades obovate

or obovate-oblong, acute or short-acuminate, pubescent or glabrate

beneath; flowers in cymes, these forming a long narrow inflorescence;

one of the calyx lobes in some of the flowers expanded into a red,

oblong or elliptic limb 3.5-7 cm. long; corolla yellow, short-funnel-

form, 5-8 mm. long, strigillose; capsule subglobose, 4-5 mm. long,

the numerous seeds minute and angled.

372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

The plant is an exceedingly showy and ornamental one during the

flowering season.

18. GLEASONIA, gen. nov.

Arbores, ramulis crassis hirsutis; stipulae intrapetiolares persis-

tentes magnae profunde bilobae; folia opposita breviter petiolata

crasse coriacea oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga; flores magni speciosi

rosei in cymas terminates pedunculatas multifloras dispositi sessiles

vel pedicellati bracteolati; hypanthium hemisphaericum dense hir-

sutum; calyx 5-partitus, laciniis subaequalibus maximis ligulato-

spathulatis elongatis coloratis apice rotundatis; corolla infundibuli-

formis magna rosea extus dense hirsuta et tomentosa, tubo recto

intus dense piloso, limbi lobis 5 late ovatis obtusis intus dense pilosis

imbricatis, 1 vel 2 exterioribus; stamina 5 basi faucis corollae inserta

subaequalia inclusa, filamentis brevissimis glabris, antheris linearibus

dorsifixis obtusis; discus depresso-annularis; ovarium 2-loculare;

stylus crassus adpresso-pilosus, ramis 2 oblongis obtusis; ovula in

loculis numerosa, placentis septo adnatis dense conferta; fructus ut

videtur capsularis, non visus.

Type species, Gleasonia duidana Standl.

Gleasonia duidana Standl., sp. nov. — Ramuli subteretes; stip-

ulae ferrugineae adpresso-hirsutae; folia magna apice obtusa vel sub-

rotundata et apiculata, basi obtusa vel acutiuscula, supra glabra,

subtus hispidula vel glabrata; cymae repetite ramosae, ramis dense

hirsutis, bracteis lanceolatis vel oblongis in sicco ferrugineis hirsutis

vel hispidulis.

A tree 7.5 meters high, the branchlets stout, subterete, fuscous-

ferruginous, densely fulvous-hirsute; stipules intrapetiolar, persis-

tent, thick, ferruginous, 2-2.5 cm. long, deeply bilobate, densely

appressed-hirsute, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish; leaves

thick-coriaceous, short-petiolate, opposite, the stout petioles 1-2 cm.

long, hirsute; leaf blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 14.5-21 cm. long,

6.5-10 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex and short-apiculate,

obtuse or acutish at the base, deep green and slightly lustrous on the

upper surface, glabrous, the costa subimpressed, the ultimate veins

forming a close pale reticulation, beneath paler and brownish, his-

pidulous and along the costa appressed-hirsute, the costa stout,

elevated, the veins about 10 pairs, slender, prominent, oblique,

ascending at an acute angle, subarcuate, anastomosing close to the

subrevolute margin, the veinlets scarcely prominulous, closely retic-

ulate; inflorescence terminal, cymose, repeatedly branched, rather

laxly many-flowered, pedunculate, 6-15 cm. long, 10-26 cm. wide,

the stout hirsute peduncle 2.5-6 cm. long, the branches ascending,

densely fulvous-hirsute, the bracts 2-3 cm. long, linear to ovate-

lanceolate, persistent, inserted at the base or often above the base of

the branches, hirsute or hispidulous, long-acuminate, sometimes

shortly 3-lobate at the apex; flowers sessile in the forks of the branches

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 373

or short-pedicellate, more or less secund, the bractlets linear or linear-

lanceolate and much elongate; hypanthium hemispheric, 4-5 mm.

long, densely fulvous-hirsute, 5-angled; calyx 5-parted, the segments

liguliform-spatulate, pinkish white, subequal, 5-5.5 cm. long, 5-12

mm. wide, broadly rounded at the apex, tapering gradually to the

base, appressed-hirsute and puberulent, rather conspicuously veined;

corolla funnelform, pink, densely hirsute and tomentose outside,

the tube 3 cm. long, rapidly dilated upward and in the throat 2 cm.

wide, densely pilose within, the 5 lobes imbricate in bud, broadly

ovate, 1.5 cm. long and nearly as wide at the base, obtuse, densely

pilose and puberulent within; stamens inserted in the base of the

corolla throat, the filaments 2 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers linear,

obtuse, 5 mm. long, dorsifixed, included; disk depressed-annular;

style very stout, included, 10 mm. long, densely appressed-pilose,

the 2 branches oblong, obtuse, 4.5 mm. long; ovary 2-celled, the

ovules very numerous; fruit probably capsular, not seen. — Venezuela:

Mount Duida, The Valley, alt. 1,500 meters, G. H. H. Tate 467 (herb.

N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb. Field Mus.). Central

Camp, Mount Duida, 1,440 meters, Tate 1026 (Y).

When growing, this must be an exceedingly showy and handsome

plant. The form of the calyx lobes and the general appearance of the

inflorescence is strongly suggestive of the genus Triplaris, which

contains some of the most gorgeous of tropical American trees.

Because of the absence of fruit, and uncertainty whether the seeds

are winged or not, there is some question as to the tribal position of

the tree, but it is probable that it is referable to the Rondeletieae,

and allied with Pallasia and Pteridocalyx, both of which are natives

of British Guiana. However, it is conspicuously distinct from both

these genera, in which only one or two of the calyx lobes are enlarged

and colored. In Gleasonia all the calyx lobes are about equally de-

veloped, and all are brightly colored. Such a calyx is not found in

any other American representative of the family Rubiaceae.

The new genus is named for Dr. H. A. Gleason, and it is felt that

the specific name, relating to the mountain upon which this remark-

able tree grows, is an appropriate one, since, after the publication of

the surprising number of new species discovered by Mr. Tate upon

this isolated peak, Dr. Gleason's name always will be associated

prominently with it.

19. SIGKINGIA Willd.

For a key to the species occurring in Venezuela see Pittier, Bol.

Mus. Com. Venez. 1: 72. 1926.

Sickingia erythroxylon Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Naturf.

Freund. Berlin 3: 445. 1801.

374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Type collected near Caracas, Bredemeyer (photo, in F). Caruao,

in forest, Pittier 11933 (Y).

A tree 12 meters high or less, the trunk 15-30 cm. in diameter;

branchlets glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades rounded-

rhombic or broadly obovate, as much as 35 cm. long and 25 cm. wide,

coriaceous, obtusely acuminate, rounded at the base, pilose above on

the veins, ferruginous-subtomentose beneath; inflorescence panic-

ulate, shorter than the leaves, the branches ferruginous-tomentose;

calyx 1 mm. long, the lobes acute or obtuse; corolla 6 mm. long, puber-

ulent, the lobes very short, obtuse; capsules ovoid, 2.5 cm. long.

"Paraguatan," "aguatire," "aguacatire," "palo cucharo." For

an account of the tree see Pittier, PI. Usual. Venez. 330. 1926.

Sickingia Klugei Standl. Trop. Woods 22: 10. 1930. Calderonia

Klugei Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 6. 1924. S. parvi-

folia Pittier, Bol. Mus. Com. Venez. 1: 71. 1926.

Barquisimeto, Lara, Saer 24 (W, type collection of S. parmfolia).

Bosques de Chirgua, Lara, Saer 512 (F). Also in Panama.

A small tree, the branchlets glabrate; stipules lanceolate, decidu-

ous; leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades broadly ovate or

rounded, 4-6 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, subobtuse, glabrous above,

pilose beneath on the veins; panicles 3-4 cm. long, many-flowered,

the branches ferruginous-pilose, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 1 mm.

long, obscurely lobulate; corolla 6.5 mm. long, reddish, the 4 lobes

semiorbicular; capsule depressed-globose, glabrous, brown, 2 cm.

long.

Sickingia longifolia Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Naturf. Freund.

Berlin 3: 445. 1801. Chimarrhis longifolia Baill. Adansonia 12: 302.

1879.

Type collected near Caracas, Bredemeyer (photo, in F).

A tree with glabrous branchlets; stipules 5 mm. long, broadly

triangular, acute; leaves petiolate, herbaceous, the blades obovate-

oblong, 25-42 cm. long, 12-15 cm. wide, acute, repand-sinuate,

long-attenuate to the base, glabrous but puberulent in the axils of

the veins; inflorescences supra-axillary, paniculate, much shorter

than the leaves, the branches ferruginous-pubescent; calyx 1 mm.

long, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes triangular, ciliate; corolla

3-4 mm. long, the 4 lobes minute, triangular, acute.

Sickingia tinctoria (HBK.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

228. 1889. Macrocnemum tinctorium HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:

399. 1820. Condaminea tinctoria DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830.

Type collected between Encaramada and Carichana, Misiones

del Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland. Also in Amazonian Brazil.

A shrub or tree as much as 6 meters high, the branchlets fer-

ruginous-tomentose; stipules 10-12 mm. long, oblong-subulate; leaves

short-petiolate, herbaceous or subcoriaceous, the blades oblong, 8-13

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 375

cm. long, short-acuminate, acute to cordate at the base, glabrous

above, pilose beneath on the veins; inflorescence terminal, sessile or

short-pedunculate, the flowers subsessile; calyx 4 mm. long, the 5

lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse; corolla 7-8 mm. long,

the lobes very short, rounded, puberulent outside.

"Paraguatan." Humboldt and Bonpland report that formerly,

at least, a red dye was obtained from the bark.

20. RONDELETIA L.

Rondeletia capitata Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 217. 1841.

Type from Mount Roraima, Schomburgk 457.

Branches hirsute; stipules linear-subulate, longer than the petiole;

leaves very shortly petiolate, the blades ovate, 2-3 cm. long, sub-

obtuse, rounded at the base, hirsute; inflorescences axillary, cymose-

capitate, shorter than the leaves; flowers 4-parted; calyx lobes linear,

unequal; corolla hirtous, 8 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube.

Rondeletia cumanensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 394. 1820.

Type from Cumanacoa, Humboldt & Bonpland (photo, in F).

A shrub or small tree 4 meters high, the branches glabrous;

stipules ovate, acuminate; leaves subsessile, oblong, about 7 cm.

long, acuminate, cuneate at the base, subcoriaceous, glabrous;

panicles terminal, sessile, 5 cm. long, pubescent-sericeous, the

flowers subsessile or short-pedicellate, 16-18 mm. long; calyx seri-

ceous, the 5 lobes ovate-oblong, acute; corolla white, sericeous, the

5 lobes rounded, pubescent within, one-fourth as long as the tube;

capsule subglobose, pubescent-lanate.

Rondeletia eriocarpa Karst. Linnaea 30: 147. 1859-60; Fl.

Columb. 2: 125. pi. 166a. 1862-69.

Type from Cumana, Karsten.

A shrub; leaves membranaceous, short-petiolate, the blades

obovate-lanceolate, 15 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, glabrous above, pilosu-

lous beneath; stipules triangular from a broad base, acuminate;

inflorescences terminal and axillary, cymose, the pedicels 3-4 mm.

long; calyx teeth 5-6, lanceolate; corolla pinkish white, sericeous-

tomentose, the tube 1 cm. long, the lobes oval; capsule tomentose-

sericeous.

Rondeletia erythroneura Karst. Linnaea 30: 148. 1859-60;

Fl. Columb. 2: 126. pi. 166b. 1862-69.

Type from the Province of Cumand, Karsten.

A shrub 1.5-2.5 meters high; stipules 6 mm. long, acute; leaves

opposite or ternate, petiolate, membranaceous, the blades ovate-

elliptic or lanceolate, 15 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, glabrous above,

appressed-pilose beneath on the veins; inflorescence terminal, cymose,

376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

the flowers pale pink, fragrant, short-pedicellate; calyx lobes 5-6,

linear, acute, 2-3 times as long as the hypanthium; corolla sparsely

pilose, the tube 1 cm. long, the throat naked, the lobes oval-rounded;

capsule globose.

Rondeletia inconstans Stand!. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 31. 1930.

R. caracasana Standl. ex Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 659. 1928, nomen.

Upper Cotiza, near Caracas, in light forest, 1,350 meters, Pittier

9837 (G, W), 7403 (W), 7192 (W). Between Maracay and Choroni,

1,200 meters, Fendler 1994 (G, K, M). Los Castillitos, above Cara-

cas, 1,300-1,500 meters, Pittier 9181 (G, W, Y). Caracas, 900-1,200

meters, A. G. Bailey 31 (K). Middle Cotiza, near Caracas, in savan-

nas, 1,000-1,400 meters, Pittier 8045 (W). Ojo de Agua, 1,500

meters, Eggers 13419 (W). Cotiza, 1,200 meters, Jahn (W). With-

out locality, Funck & Schlim 160 (L). Prov. MeYida, Linden 692 (L).

Also in Colombia.

A shrub or small tree 2-4.5 meters high; stipules 6-20 mm. long,

narrowly oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex, sometimes cuspi-

date; leaves petiolate, thick-membranaceous, the blades ovate to

oblong-elliptic, 8-20 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, at the base

abruptly acute or acuminate, rarely rounded, at first cinereous-

tomentose, soon glabrate; panicles terminal, sessile or pedunculate,

the flowers 4-parted, sessile or pedicellate, the branches tomentose

or glabrate; calyx lobes oblong or linear-lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm. long;

corolla pink, white-tomentose, the tube 8-14 mm. long, the lobes

rounded, 2 mm. long; capsule subglobose, 4-5 mm. long.

Rondeletia pubescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 396. pi. 291.

1820. Rondeletia mollis Blake ex Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 660. 1928,

nomen.

Lower Catuche Wood, above Caracas, 1,000-1,200 meters,

Pittier 7588 (W). Las Ajuntas, Eggers 13362 (W). Valencia,

Warming 168 (W). Las Mostazas, Miranda, 960 meters, Allart 212

(W, Y). Cerro Bordo, Lara, Saer 292 (W, Y). Valencia, in savannas,

400-800 meters, Pittier 8746 (W, Y). Hacienda de Cura, Carabobo,

480-1,200 meters, Pittier 8222 (W). Viscaina, Fendler 585 (G, M).

Los Castillitos, above Caracas, 1,300-1,500 meters, Pittier 9172

(G, W, Y). La Trinidad de Maracay, 440 meters, Pittier 5769

( W, Y) . Quebrada de Turumo, Miranda, Pittier 11260(W). Caracas,

Bailey 961 (W). Colonia Tovar, 1,800-2,000 meters, Allart 402

(W, Y). Also in Colombia.

A shrub or small tree, 2.5-5 m. high, the trunk sometimes 15 cm.

in diameter; stipules lance-subulate, usually shorter than the petioles;

leaf blades oblong, obtuse or acutish, glabrate above, densely grayish-

pubescent beneath; flowers usually 5-parted, yellowish white, pink,

or purplish, in large leafy panicles; hypanthium whitish-puberulent ;

calyx lobes lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse; corolla tube 5 mm.

long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 377

Rondeletia Purdiei Hook. f. in Curtis' Bot. Mag. pi. 5669. 1867.

Viscaina, 900 m., Fendler 586 (G). Valencia, 400-800 m., Pittier

8895 (G, W), 871 8 (G, W). In savannas near El Tinaco, Cojedes,

Pittier 11995 (W, Y). Cumana, Funck 720 (L), 238 (L). Sabanas

de Cujicito, 300 m., Saer 541 (F). Also in Colombia.

A shrub or small tree; stipules broadly triangular, subulate-

acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong-obovate to

ovate-oblong, usually obtuse, attenuate to acuminate at the base,

nearly glabrous; flowers white or pink, fragrant, in dense rounded

terminal panicles; hypanthium appressed-pubescent; calyx lobes

ovate or elliptic, obtuse or acute; corolla tube 8-9 mm. long, sparsely

appressed-pubescent.

"Cruceta de sabana," "canillo de venado."

Rondeletia rupicola Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 222. 1889.

Sipanea rupicola Spruce ex Schum. loc. cit., in syn.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce 3392 (G; photo, in F).

Branches ferruginous-strigose; stipules 4 mm. long, subulate or

filiform; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm. long,

1-1.8 cm. wide, acuminate, long-acuminate to the base and decurrent,

sericeous-strigose; inflorescence pedunculate, several times dichot-

omous, the flowers short-pedicellate; hypanthium grayish-sericeous

or strigose; calyx lobes subulate, unequal, 1-1.5 mm. long; corolla

14 mm. long, the 4 lobes oblong, hirsute outside, glabrous within.

21. SIPANEA Aubl.

Sipanea biflora (L. f.) C. & S. Linnaea 4: 168. 1829. Virecta

biflora L. f. Suppl. PI. 134. 1781.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 252. 1889) from

Maipures, Spruce 3620. Also in the Guianas and Brazil.

A perennial herb, the weak stems rooting at the base, sparsely

puberulent; leaves petiolate, the blades ovate to elliptic, 1.2-4.5 cm.

long, acute, acuminate to the petiole, glabrous above, appressed-

pilose beneath; inflorescences chiefly axillary, 1-3-flowered; calyx

lobes subulate, glabrous, 3-4 mm. long; corolla pink, 1.5 cm. long,

glabrous or minutely puberulent, the lobes oblong, obtuse, half as

long as the tube; capsule subglobose, 4 mm. long; minute seeds red.

Sipanea galioides Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 172. 1917. S.

pratensis Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 2: 276. 1886, non Aubl.

Type from Spelemoota, Arapoo River, Roraima, British Guiana,

Im Thurn 29. Mount Roraima, Tate 288 (F).

A slender herb, the stems appressed-pilose; leaves linear or linear-

lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, sessile, obtuse, hirtellous;

stipules triangular, acuminate; flowers 1-3 in terminal capitate

378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

cymules; calyx lobes linear, 6 mm. long; corolla sericeous, the tube

18 mm. long or more, the lobes broadly ovate, acute, 9 mm. long,

glabrous.

Sipanea glomerata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 398. 1820.

Type collected near Atures on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bon-

pland (photo, in F). Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 249. 1889)

reports also Spruce 3665 from Maipures.

A perennial herb, the stems sericeous; leaves short-petiolate, the

blades lanceolate, long-acuminate, 4-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide,

usually complicate, sericeous; inflorescence terminal, subcapitate;

calyx lobes subulate, 8-9 mm. long, sericeous outside; corolla coria-

ceous, yellow, 20-22 mm. long, sericeous, the lobes half as long as the

tube, ovate, acute.

Sipanea pratensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 147. pi. 56. 1775. S.

dichotoma HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 397. 1820.

Type of S. dichotoma collected near Atures, Humboldt &Bonpland.

Los Teques, Miranda, 1,400 m., Pittier 7507 (W). Colonia Tovar,

900 m., Fendler 798 (G). Also in the Guianas and Trinidad.

An erect or ascending perennial, 50 cm. high or less, the branches

sericeous; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, sparsely

or densely sericeous; flowers terminal, sessile or subsessile; calyx

lobes 6-8 mm. long; corolla pink, the tube 9-13 mm. long, densely

yellow-barbate in the throat, sparsely sericeous outside; capsule

ovoid or oblong, 7-8 mm. long, costate, the seeds brown, pitted.

Sipanea Spraguei Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 172. 1917. S.

acinifolia Sprague, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 433. 1904, in part.

Type collected in savanna, Caicara, Rio Orinoco, Sprague 7.

Stems hirtellous above; leaves subsessile, elliptic-lanceolate, 5-8

mm. long, subobtuse, sparsely hirtellous; flowers terminal, sessile,

solitary; calyx lobes linear, 3.5 mm. long; corolla glabrous, the tube

12 mm. long, the lobes broadly obovate, rounded at the apex, 8.5

mm. long.

22. LIMNOSIPANEA Hook. f.

Limnosipanea Schomburgkii Hook. f. Icon. PI. pi. 1040. 1868.

Type collected near Roraima, Schomburgk 464- Also in Brazil.

A slender annual, the simple stems 40 cm. long or less, appressed-

pilose; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 5-25 mm.

long, acute, rounded at the base, sparsely pilose; flowers terminal,

sessile, the lateral ones pedicellate; calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, acumi-

nate, 3 mm. long; corolla 6-7 mm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate,

half as long as the tube; capsule elliptic, hispid, 4 mm. long, the

numerous seeds minute, brown, foveolate.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 379

23. ELAEAGIA Wedd.

Elaeagia Karstenii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 50. 1930.

Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 594- (G, type; M, Y). Perhaps

also in Colombia.

A tree, the quadrangular branchlets densely hirtellous or glabrate;

stipules deciduous, oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex, 1 cm.

wide; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades broadly elliptic

or obovate-elliptic, 13-25 cm. long, 7-15 cm. wide, rounded and

short-acuminate at the apex, puberulent or glabrate above, pale

beneath, pilosulous or glabrate; inflorescence terminal, broadly panic-

ulate, about 20 cm. long, laxly many-flowered, densely puberulent

or pilosulous, the flowers glomerate, sessile or short-pedicellate;

calyx glabrous, 1.2 mm. long, shortly 5-lobed, the lobes rounded,

apiculate; corolla 3-3.5 mm. long, densely barbate in the throat,

5-fid almost to the base, the lobes obtuse; stamens exserted; capsule

globose, 2 mm. long.

24. DEPPEA Schlecht. & Cham.

Deppea venezuelensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 52. 1930.

Without locality, Funck 793 (K, type; photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

Branchlets sericeous; stipules narrowly triangular, 1-1.5 cm. long,

long-attenuate, persistent; leaves petiolate, membranaceous, the

blades elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 16-21 cm. long, 6-9

cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed to the base, pilose above along the

veins with subappressed hairs, sparsely sericeous beneath; inflores-

cences axillary, fasciculate, cymose, short-pedunculate, laxly few-

flowered, the pedicels 3-5 mm. long, sericeous; calyx 5-fid almost

to the base, the lobes spatulate or linear-oblong, 5-6 mm. long, acute,

green; capsule semiglobose, 2-3 mm. long, conspicuously costate.

As stated when this species was published, it scarcely belongs to

the genus Deppea, but it has been impossible to find any more

satisfactory place for it.

25. GHALEPOPHYLLUM Hook. f.

Chalepophyllum latifolium, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis densis-

sime foliatis, internodiis glabris; stipulae in vaginam brevem glabram

connatae, lobis triangulari-subulatis tantum ad basin albido-his-

pidulis; folia sessilia crasse coriacea ovalia apice rotundata vel obtusis-

sima, basi rotundata, glabra; flores axillares solitarii breviter pedi-

cellati; hypanthium dense hispidulum, calycis laciniis plus minusve

inaequalibus lanceolato-linearibus ciliatis; corolla speciosa magna,

tubo lobis 2-6-plo longioribus; capsula subglobosa dense hispidula.

A shrub, the older branches stout, subterete, the young branchlets

more or less tetragonous, ferruginous-brownish, glabrous, the inter-

nodes very short; stipules connate into a glabrous sheath 2-2.5 mm.

long, the free portion triangular-subulate, 3-4 mm. long, erect,

380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

densely whitish-hispidulous near the base, persistent; leaves oppo-

site, sessile, thick-coriaceous, oval, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 8-16 mm. wide,

broadly rounded to obtuse at the apex, rounded at the base, gla-

brous, the margins plane, the venation except the costa obsolete,

deep green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale beneath and

minutely pale-puncticulate; flowers axillary, solitary, on stout pedi-

cels 2-3 mm. long; bracts similar to leaves but only 7 mm. long, or

sometimes oblong-linear; hypanthium densely hispidulous; calyx

5-parted, the segments greenish, linear-lanceolate, 10-12 mm. long,

slightly unequal, long-attenuate, ciliate but otherwise glabrous, erect,

persistent; corolla glabrous outside, the very slender tube 4-9 cm.

long, 2-2.5 mm. thick, only slightly dilated in the throat and there

as much as 4.5 mm. wide, the 5 lobes oblong or elliptic-oblong, 1.5-3

cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, acute or acutish, glabrous within, spreading;

stamens included; style short-exserted, minutely papillose; capsule

globose or oval-globose, 8-12 mm. long, densely hispidulous with

stiff whitish hairs, rounded at the base and apex; seeds numerous,

about 2 mm. long, dark brown, very irregular, acutely angled, deeply

pitted. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, on moist slopes of Savanna Hills,

alt. 1,320 m., G. H. H. Tate 730 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type;

duplicate in herb. Field Mus.).

It may be that this plant is only a variant of C. Tatei, but it

differs so much in the size and shape of the leaves and in the form of

the stipules that it seems fairly safe to describe it as distinct. Both

these species must be handsome plants, because of their profusion

of large flowers, which presumably are white, although the collectors

of the various species of the genus have vouchsafed no information

upon flower color. In all the three species described since the original

one, the size of the corolla seems to be exceptionally variable for

members of the Rubiaceae.

Ghalepophyllum Tatei, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis crassis

densissime foliatis; stipulae in vaginam profunde bilobam dense

strigosam connatae persistentes; folia brevissime petiolata crasse

coriacea; lamina elliptico-oblonga parva acuta glabra; flores speciosi

axillares breviter pedicellati; hypanthium dense hispidulum, calycis

laciniis subaequalibus lanceolato-linearibus erectis hispidulis; corollae

tubus lobis 5-plo longior.

A shrub about 1 m. high, apparently densely branched, the

branches stout, the older ones subterete, blackish, covered by the

persistent stipules, the internodes very short; stipules persistent,

5-7 mm. long, connate halfway to the base, densely whitish-strigose,

the lobes triangular-subulate, rigid, suberect; leaves almost sessile,

opposite, the petiole scarcely more than 1 mm. long, glabrous; leaf

blades thick-coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, 12-27 mm. long, 5-9 mm.

wide, acute, cuneately acute at the base, glabrous, the margins

revolute, deep green and more or less lustrous above, the venation

obsolete, beneath pale, the costa somewhat prominent, the other

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 381

venation obsolete; flowers axillary, solitary, on stout pedicels as

much as 4 mm. long; bracts linear, 8-9 mm. long, inserted at the

base of the hypanthium, sparsely pilosulous; hypanthium obovoid,

5 mm. long, densely white-hispidulous; calyx lobes subequal, erect,

lance-linear, about 1 cm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide, long-attenuate

to the acute apex, sparsely hispidulous; corolla glabrous outside,

the very slender tube 6.5-11 cm. long, 2 mm. thick, very slightly

dilated in the throat and 3 mm. wide, the 5 lobes spreading, oblong,

acutish, ciliolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, glabrous within;

stamens included; style very shortly exserted, scaberulous. — Vene-

zuela: Mount Duida, Summit of Peak No. 7, alt. 2,130 m., G. H. H.

Tate 623 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Card., type; duplicate in herb. Field

Mus.). Slopes of Ridge 25, Mount Duida, 1,650-1,800 m., Tate 427.

Mount Duida, without locality data, Tate 1016.

Of the genus Chalepophyllum two species have been published

heretofore, the type, C. guyanense Hook, f., described from some

uncertain locality of British Guiana, and C. speciosum N. E. Brown,

obtained on Mount Roraima at an elevation of 2,680 meters. The

original illustration of the type shows a plant with comparatively

small flowers, and altogether different in general appearance from

C. Tatei. The latter, however, evidently is closely related to C. speci-

osum, that species differing from C. Tatei in its more or less obovate,

obtuse leaves and glabrous stipules. There is no doubt that C. Tatei

is congeneric with C. speciosum, but there is considerable doubt in

the writer's mind regarding their relationship to C. guyanense. Their

status can not be resolved, however, without access to material of

C. guyanense, and perhaps to better material than is afforded by the

type specimen.

Chalepophyllum speciosum N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc.

II. 6:33. pi. 5, f. 10-17. 1901.

Type from the summit of Mount Roraima, at 2,580 m., McCon-

nell & Quelch 100, 305, 653.

A stout glabrous shrub, the branches 4-angled; leaves mostly at

the tips of the branches, subsessile, obovate, 3-5 cm. long, obtuse

and bluntly apiculate, cuneate at the base, rigidly coriaceous, shining

above; stipules persistent long after the leaves have fallen; flowers

usually 2 on each shoot or sometimes only one, the pedicels 2-8 mm.

long; calyx lobes 10-20 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, linear to oblong,

acute, coriaceous; corolla 5-lobed, the tube 4-8 cm. long, about 3 mm.

wide, the lobes 2.5-5 cm. long, linear-lanceolate or oblong, acute.

26. ARCYTOPHYLLUM Willd.

Arcytophyllum caracasanum (HBK.) Standl. Contr. U. S.

Nat. Herb. 18: 126. 1916. Hedyotis caracasana HBK. Nov. Gen.

382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

& Sp. 3: 393. 1820. A. blaerioides Willd. ex R. & S. Mant. 3: 5.

1827. Rachicallis caracasana DC. Prodr. 4: 434. 1830. Pseudrachi-

callis caracasana Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 10. 1862. Mallostoma cara-

casana B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 60. 1873.

Type from Silla de Caracas at 1,600 m., Humboldt & Bonpland.

Silla de Caracas, Kuntze 1624 (W); at 2,000-2,600 m., Pittier 8341

(W). Paramo de la Sal, MeYida, 3,200 m., Jahn 527 (W). Paramo

de Aricagua, MeYida, 3,200 m., Jahn 1007 (G, W). Caracas, Linden

134 (F, G). Pico de Naiguata, Miranda, 2,400-2,750 m., Pittier

6237 (W). Paramos de Misinta, MeYida, Jahn 88 (W). Paramo de

Timotes, MeYida, 3,500 m., Jahn 629 (W). Without locality, Funck

& Schlim 1120 (L, P), 1277 (L), 887 (L). MeYida, Engel (L). Prov.

Caracas, Funck & Schlim 500 (P). Sierra Nevada de MeYida, 2,400-

3,000 m., Funck & Schlim 1617 (P); 2,700 m., Funck & Schlim 1121

(P). Without locality, Linden 409 (P). Cordillera de MeYida,

Doursey (P). Also in Colombia.

A small erect glabrous shrub, corymbosely branched, densely

leafy; leaves oblong, obtuse, muticous, very thick and hard, with

revolute margins; stipules triangular-ovate, irregularly erose-dentate;

flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate;

corolla purplish or reddish.

Funck & Schlim 1121 was listed by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 659.

1928) as Hedyotis nitida HBK., a plant apparently unknown from

Venezuela.

Hedyotis floribunda Karst. Linnaea 30: 146. 1859-60. Pseudra-

chicallis floribunda Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 10. 1862. — Type from

Paramo de Bocono, Trujillo, 2,700-3,600 m., Karsten. As suggested

by Karsten, this probably is synonymous with Arcytophyllum

caracasanum.

Arcytophyllum microphyllum (Willd.) Standl. Field Mus.

Bot. 7: 207. 1931. Houstonia microphylla Willd. ex R. & S. Syst.

Veg. 3: 527. 1819. H. serpens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 390. pi

289. 1820. Anotis serpens DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830.

Ciudad Real, Linden 539 (K). Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 659.

1928) cites Funck 1065 from Prov. Caracas. The species grows also

in Ecuador.

Plants prostrate, with filiform branches; leaves rounded-ovate or

elliptic-ovate, obtuse, glabrous, the margins scaberulous; flowers

axillary, solitary, short-pedicellate; capsule broadly rounded, com-

pressed; calyx lobes spatulate-lanceolate, acute.

Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) DC. is listed for Venezuela by Knuth,

Init. Fl. Venez. 659. 1928. No specimens are cited, however, and

I have seen none from Venezuela. Both this species and 0. corymbosa

L., common tropical weeds, are to be expected in the country.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 383

27. DIDYMOCHLAMYS Hook. f.

Only one other species of the genus is known, a native of Colombia.

Didymochlamys Connellii N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. II.

6:34. pi. 5,f. 1-9. 1901.

Type from the Roraima Range at 1,050 m., McConnell & Quelch

714- Known also from Kaietur Falls in British Guiana.

A low herb, the simple stem 3.5-15 cm. long; leaves alternate,

distichous, subsessile, the blades obliquely or subfalcately oblanceo-

late, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, acute at the apex or rounded, tapering to the

oblique base, glabrous; peduncle terminal, 6 mm. long, bearing 2

suborbicular apiculate glabrous bracts 12 mm. long, the bracts

enclosing 2 or more short-pedicellate flowers; calyx lobes about 2

mm. long, lanceolate, acute; corolla tube 12 mm. long, dilated above

the middle then narrowed to the mouth, the lobes bilobate.

28. SCHRADERA Vahl

Schradera exotica (J. F. Gmel.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:

286. 1929. Urceolaria exotica J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 390. 1791.

S. capitata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 35. 1796. Uncariopsis suaveolens

Karst. Linnaea 30: 152. 1859-60; Fl. Columb. 181. pi. 90. 1858-61.

Type of Uncariopsis suaveolens from Cumbre de Valencia, near

Puerto Cabello, in forests at 1,600 m., Karsten. West Indies and

Brazil.

A scandent shrub, sometimes, at least, epiphytic, glabrous;

stipules obovate, rounded at the apex, 1.5 cm. long; leaves petiolate,

coriaceous, the blades oval to oblong, 6-10 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm.

wide, rounded or obtuse at each end, lustrous above, paler beneath;

flowers in dense heads, these mostly solitary, on stout peduncles

2.5-4 cm. long, the head surrounded by a truncate cuplike involucre;

corolla white, the tube 7-17 mm. long, the 5-7 lobes equaling or

longer than the tube.

I have seen no material of Karsten's species, but from the illus-

tration and description it does not appear to differ from the West

Indian plant.

29. GONZALAGUNIA R. & P.

Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 292. 1889. Buena panamensis Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 279. 1800.

Perija, Zulia, Pittier 10908 (P, W, Y). Colombia to Mexico and

Cuba.

A slender shrub or small tree, the branches often recurved, some-

times 4.5 m. high; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades lanceolate to

ovate, appressed-pilose; calyx lobes short, deltoid, obtuse or acute;

corolla white, 12-17 mm. long; fruit 4-coccous.

384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Gonzalagunia spicata (Lam.) Gomez, Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid

23: 289. 1894. Lygistum spicatum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 286. 1791.

Coccocypselum spicatum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 406. 1820. Gon-

zalea grisea Wernham, Journ. Bot. 51: 218. 1913. Duggena grisea

Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 125. 1916.

Lower Orinoco, Rusby & Squires 121 (F, W). El Valle, Margarita

Island, Miller & Johnston 217 (F, M, W). San Juan Mountain,

Margarita Island, Johnston 100 (F, W). Without locality, Fendler

583 (M). Quebrada de las Comadres, Miranda, 800 m., Allart 225

(W, Y). El Encanto, Miranda, 1,000 m., Allart 151 (W). Puerto

Cabello to San Felipe, Carabobo, 10-100 m., Pittier 9127 (W).

Puente de Turumo, Miranda, Pittier 11915 (W, Y). Cristobal Colon,

Broadway 314- (W), 556 (W). Without locality, Geay (P). El Vigia,

Mocquerys 1003 (P). Guianas, Brazil, and the West Indies.

A shrub, 4 m. high or less, with long slender branches; stipules

4-11 mm. long, long-subulate from a triangular base; leaves petiolate,

the blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, 7-19 cm. long, long-acumi-

nate, acute to rounded at the base, appressed-pilose or glabrate;

inflorescence spikelike, 8^40 cm. long; calyx lobes linear to oblong,

acute; corolla white, 10-15 mm. long; fruit dicoccous, 3-4 mm.

broad, white to lavender or blue-purple.

In Knuth's enumeration of the flora of Venezuela this plant

appears on page 664 under four generic and as many specific names!

Pittier 9127, which he lists as Duggena panamensis, is Gonzalagunia

spicata.

30. ISERTIA Schreb.

Isertia Haenkeana DC. Prodr. 4: 437. 1830.

Santa Ana River, Zulia, Pittier 10903 (P, W, Y). Colombia and

Central America.

A shrub 1-3.5 m. high; leaves opposite or ternate, short-petiolate,

the blades obovate or oblong-obovate, 20-45 cm. long, green above,

beneath densely short-pilose or glabrate; flowers orange-red and

yellow, in large dense thyrsoid panicles; corolla 1.7-3.5 cm. long,

puberulent or tomentulose; berries purplish, 5 mm. in diameter.

Like other species of the genus, this is an exceptionally showy and

handsome plant when in blossom.

Isertia hypoleuca Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 220. 1841.

1. coccinea Vahl, var. hypoleuca Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 286.

1889.

Reported by Schumann (loc. cit.) from the region of Roraima,

Schomburgk 281, 282, 674- Also in Colombia, the Guianas, Brazil,

and eastern Peru.

A shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong or

obovate-oblong, green above, densely white-tomentose beneath ; calyx

usually glabrous; corolla about 6 cm. long, sparsely tomentose,

tubular, red.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 385

Isertia parviflora Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 28. 1798.

Banks of the Orinoco, Spruce 3633 (K). Also in the Guianas

and the West Indies.

A shrub or tree as much as 5.5 m. high; leaves short-petiolate,

oblong or oblong-lanceolate, short-acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous

above, puberulent beneath, 15-25 cm. long; stipules 1.5-2.5 cm.

long; panicles 13-20 cm. long, dense and many-flowered; ovary

6-celled; corolla white, glabrous outside, 1.5 cm. long.

Isertia rosea Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 284. 1889.

Reported by Schumann from the region of the rivers Casiquiare,

Vasiva, and Pacimoni, Spruce 3174; and near San Carlos on the Rio

Negro, Spruce 2894- San Carlos, Rio Negro, Amazonas, open places,

Holt & Gehriger 335 (F). Also in French Guiana and Amazonian

Brazil.

A shrub with glabrate branches; stipules glabrous; leaves petio-

late, the blades oblong or obovate-oblong, 11-38 cm. long, obtuse-

acuminate, cuneate at the base, glabrous; panicles 14-20 cm. long,

dense and many-flowered; ovary 4-celled; corolla rose-purple, 4 cm.

long, glabrous outside; fruit globose, glabrous, 6 mm. in diameter.

Isertia verrucosa (H. & B.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 346.

1931. Cassupa verrucosa H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 43. pi. 12. 1806.

Type collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Humboldt &

Bonpland. Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 283. 1889) reports

Spruce 3041 from the same locality.

A tree 10-13 m. high; stipules 1.5-2.5 cm. long; leaves petiolate,

the blades obovate-oblong, 18-39 cm. long, short-acuminate, cuneate

at the base, glabrous above, grayish-tomentose beneath; panicles

about 30 cm. long, dense and many-flowered; ovary 2-celled; corolla

5-5.5 cm. long, pale red, tomentulose; fruit globose, red.

31. COCGOCYPSELUM Sw.

Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 315. 1889. Tontanea guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 108. 1775. C.

Tontanea HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 406. 1820.

Reported by HBK., loc. cit., from the region of Caracas. Widely

distributed in tropical America.

Prostrate and creeping, the stems pilose or hirsute with spreading

hairs; leaf blades ovate or rounded-ovate, 2.5-7 cm. long, rounded

to acutish at the apex, truncate to obtuse at the base, appressed-

pilose on the upper surface, soft-pilose beneath; heads long-pedun-

culate, few-flowered; calyx lobes linear, acute, 3-4 mm. long; corolla

blue, 7-10 mm. long; berries bright blue, 6-11 mm. in diameter.

Coccocypselum lanceolatum (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PL 1: 132.

1805. Condalia lanceolata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 54. 1798. Cocco-

386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

cypselum repens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 405. 1820, non Sw.

Coccocypselum canescens C. & S. Linnaea 4: 139. 1829.

Quirora, MeYida, 1,800 m., Jahn 693 (W). Ridge north of Caracas,

1,800 m., Eggers 13185 (W). Catuche Wood, near Caracas, 1,400 m.,

Pittier 7330 (W). Colonia Tovar, Aragua, 1,700-2,300 m., Pittier

9299 (W). Near Tovar, Me"rida, 1,500 m., Pittier 12809 (W).

Galipan, Distrito Federal, Allart 173 (W, Y). Without locality,

Fendler 549 (M). Colonia Tovar, Woronow 7191 (L). Tabay, 2,000

m., dry sunny places, Gehriger 355 (F). Without locality, Mocquerys

1070 (P). Widely distributed in South and Central America, chiefly

at middle or higher elevations.

Branches densely pilose-sericeous; leaf blades oblong to ovate,

acute or obtuse, densely appressed-pilose; flower heads long-pedun-

culate, very densely many-flowered; calyx lobes oblong or ovate,

usually obtuse, 2-3 mm. long; corolla purplish blue, 5 mm. long;

fruit bright blue, 5-7 mm. long.

32. TAMMSIA Karst.

The genus consists of a single species.

Tammsia anomala Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 179. pi. 89. 1861.

Type collected in moist forests near Colonia Tovar at 1,700 m.,

Karsten. Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 582 (G, K, M, Y) ; Monte

905 (K); at 1,800-2,000 m., Allart 394 (Y).

A tree 5-6 m. high with glabrous branchlets; stipules lanceolate

from a broad base, acute, deciduous, equaling the petioles; leaves

opposite or rarely ternate, petiolate, membranaceous, the blades

lance-obovate, about 10-12 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acute or short-

acuminate, appressed-pilose, especially beneath, or glabrate, finely

and closely striolate between the veins; flowers axillary, pedicellate,

solitary or fasciculate; calyx large, usually 3-parted, the lobes tri-

angular, valvate in bud, green; corolla large, the tube equaling the

calyx, the limb 6-lobate, the lobes spreading, suborbicular; fruit a

large berry.

33. EVOSMIA H. & B.

Evosmia caripensis H. & B. PI. Aequin. 2: 165. pi. 134. 1809;

HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 418. 1820.

Type collected near Caripe, Humboldt & Bonpland.

A tree 4.5-6 m. high, glabrous, the trunk 15-20 cm. in diameter,

the bark smooth, the wood fragrant; stipules caducous; leaves

petiolate, membranaceous, the blades oblong, 12.5-15 cm. long,

acuminate, cuneate at the base, shining; racemes axillary, geminate

or ternate, few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 4-dentate;

corolla subrotate, red, the tube very short, the 4 lobes oblong;

stamens exserted; fruit ovoid, 4-celled.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 387

34. SABICEA Aubl.

Sabicea amazonensis Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 47. pi. 5, f.

3, 4. 1914.

Reported by Wernham from the Rio Pacimoni. Also in Brazil.

A scandent shrub, the branches spreading-hirsute or glabrate;

leaves about 12 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, sparsely pilose above,

beneath pale and minutely arachnoid-tomentose; inflorescences sessile,

villous, the bracts ovate, subinvolucrate, the flowers crowded; calyx

lobes linear-lanceolate, 7-9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; corolla white,

spreading-hirsute, the tube sometimes more than 2 cm. long, the

lobes ovate-lanceolate, 4 mm. long.

Sabicea colombiana Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 39. pi. 12.

1914.

Type from Carabobo, Funck & Schlim 624 (specimen seen in herb.

Paris). Zulia, Mocquerys 883 (P). Also in Colombia and Panama.

A large scandent shrub, the branches strigose; stipules large,

ovate, reflexed; leaves elliptic or oval, acute or acuminate, strigose,

especially beneath on the veins, or glabrate; inflorescence lax, pedun-

culate or subsessile, strigose, many-flowered; bracts 2-3, forming

an involucre; calyx lobes linear-oblong, 4-4.5 mm. long; corolla

white, strigose, the tube 9 mm. long.

Sabicea glabrescens Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 219. 1841.

Upper Rio Casiquiare, Spruce 3275, according to Wernham,

Monogr. Sabicea 54. 1914. Also in Amazonian Brazil, the Guianas,

and Trinidad.

Branches appressed-hirsute; stipules broadly ovate or rounded,

usually reflexed; leaves ovate or elliptic, 7-10 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide,

scaberulous-pubescent or glabrate above, sparsely hirsute beneath

and strigose on the veins; flowers crowded in sessile clusters; calyx

lobes ovate, 2 mm. long; corolla white, pilose with long gray spread-

ing hairs, the tube 1 cm. long or more, the lanceolate lobes 4-5 mm.

long.

Sabicea leucotricha Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 202.

1914.

Reported by Krause, loc. cit., from Rio Cuquenan, in forest

near Schaweila Mota, Ule 8779. Also in Brazil.

A small erect shrub; stipules broadly ovate, subacuminate,

sparsely pilose outside, 7-8 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, her-

baceous, the blades ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 10-15 cm.

long, 3.5-4.5 cm. wide, acute, rounded at the base, appressed-pilose

or glabrate above, densely whitish-tomentose beneath; flowers

crowded in axillary sessile heads, the bracts broadly ovate, acumi-

nate; calyx lobes narrowly linear, 6-7 mm. long.

388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Sabicea velutina Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 219. 1841.

Reported by Wernham (Monogr. Sabicea 50. 1914) from Roraima,

Schomburgk 901, 1333. Trinidad, British Guiana, and Amazonian

Brazil.

A scandent shrub; leaves about 12 cm. long and 6 cm. wide,

rough-pubescent above, covered beneath with a soft wool, or some-

times glabrate; flowers sessile, crowded in dense sessile axillary

clusters, pilose; calyx lobes linear; corolla spreading-pilose, the tube

1 cm. long; fruit ellipsoid, sparsely hirsute, 12 mm. long.

Sabicea villosa R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. Schwenkfeldia

villosa Willd. ex R. & S. loc. cit., as syn. Sabicea hirsuta HBK.

Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. 1820. Schwenkfeldia hirsuta Spreng. Syst.

Veg. 1: 765. 1825.

Type of Sabicea hirsuta from the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland.

La Ceiba, Trujillo, Pittier 10894 (W, Y). El Vigia, Mocquerys 1007

(P). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A large scandent shrub, the branches hirsute; stipules broadly

ovate or rounded, reflexed; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic-oblong

or ovate, acuminate, hirsute; flowers sessile in few-flowered axillary

heads; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 4 mm. long or less; corolla white,

sparsely strigose, the tube scarcely 6 mm. long; berries purple or

violet, 1 cm. long.

35. BERTIERA Aubl.

Bertiera guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 180. pi. 69. 1775.

Manoa, Rusby & Squires 214 (W). Between Valencia and Cam-

panero, 1,500 m., Fendler 23 43 (G). Colonia Tovar, Fendler 2340

(K). Widely dispersed in tropical America, usually at low elevations.

A slender shrub; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate-oblong

or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 9-15 cm. long, appressed-pilose;

stipules 5-10 mm. long, triangular, subulate-acuminate; inflorescence

a long narrow stalked panicle, the flowers white, sessile, secund;

calyx and hypanthium together 2-2.5 mm. long, strigose, the lobes

triangular; corolla 5-7 mm. long, appressed-pilose, the lobes deltoid-

ovate, half as long as the tube; berry globose, 3.5^4 mm. in diameter,

10-costate, minutely pilose or glabrate, containing numerous small

seeds.

36. HAMELIA Jacq.

Hamelia axillaris Sw. and H. chrysantha Sw., both of which

are West Indian species, are listed by Knuth for Venezuela (Init.

Fl. Venez. 668. 1928), but no reason is given for their appearance

in his list. It is improbable that either occurs in Venezuela.

I lamella lutea Rohr ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 5: 17. 1811.

Riocito, July 9, 1923, Mell (W). Quebrada Chiquire, Eggers

13526 (W). Widely distributed in tropical America.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 389

A shrub about 1 m. high; leaves ternate, the blades thin, ovate

to oblong, short-acuminate, acute at the base, almost glabrous;

stipules triangular-subulate, 3-4 mm. long; sepals 1 mm. long, tri-

angular, acute; corolla yellow, much dilated above; fruit 6-8 mm.

long, oblong.

Hamelia patens Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. H. erecta

Jacq. loc. cit.

Without locality, Fendler 591 (K, W). Cerros de Avila, Distrito

Federal, 1,600 m., E. Pittier 39 (Y). Las Mostazas, Miranda, Allart

192 (Y). Cotiza, near Caracas, Woronow 7309 (L). Widely dis-

tributed in tropical America, extending northward to Florida.

A shrub; leaves mostly ternate, ovate to elliptic, acuminate,

copiously pubescent or tomentose beneath; sepals triangular, 1 mm.

long or less; corolla orange-red, tubular, 1-1.5 mm. long, minutely

puberulent; fruit globose or oblong, red or purple-black, about 8 mm.

long.

"Coralillo." Pittier reports that the leaves are employed as a

remedy for headache. The shrub is one of the most widely distributed

of all American Rubiaceae, and in many places in the lowlands it is

exceedingly abundant. It is one of the characteristic weedy species

of cut-over lands, or of abandoned fields.

Hamelia pedicellata Wernham, Journ. Bot. 49: 212. 1911. H.

ovata Wernham, op. cit. 211.

Caf etal La Mpca, Eggers 1 3386 ( W) . La Moca, Eggers 1 3486 ( W) .

La Guaira, Robinson & Lyon, July, 1900 (W). Puerto La Cruz,

John 341 (W). Isla de San Carlos, Curran & Raman 771 (W). La

Guaira, Moritz 464 (K); Andrt K.551 (K). San Esteban, Prov.

Carabobo, Funck & Schlim 538 (P, type collection of H. ovata).

Also in Colombia and Ecuador.

A nearly glabrous shrub 1-2.5 m. high; leaves mostly quaternate,

ovate or elliptic, short-acuminate, acute to rounded at the base,

glabrate; flowers mostly pedicellate; sepals triangular or oblong, 1-2.5

mm. long; corolla orange-red, tubular, minutely puberulent, 1.5 cm.

long; berries oblong, 7-9 mm. long.

"Coralillo." H. ovata is a form with narrow and somewhat more

elongate sepals than in the typical form of H. pedicellata, but it

scarcely seems worthy of specific or even of varietal rank.

37. HOFFMANNIA Sw.

Hoffmannia apodantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 53. 1930.

Near Colonia Tovar, 1,200 m., Fendler 546 (G, type; K). Head-

waters of Chichiriviche and Petaquire rivers, Distrito Federal, 1,800-

2,000 m., Pittier 8124 (W). Cerros de Avila, Distrito Federal, 1,600

m., E. Pittier 38 (W). Los Venados, near Caracas, E. Pittier 174 (G).

390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub 1-3 m. high, the branches sparsely short-villous or gla-

brate, obtusely tetragonous; stipules narrowly oblong, 4-6 mm. long,

obtuse; leaves petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic-oblong

or elliptic, 7.5-22 cm. long, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the

base and gradually decurrent, glabrous above, beneath ferruginous-

villosulous, especially on the veins; flowers densely congested in the

leaf axils, sessile or subsessile; calyx 4-dentate, the teeth broadly

triangular, obtuse or acutish; corolla 4.5-7 mm. long, glabrous; fruit

subglobose, red, 4 mm. long.

Hoffmannia pauciflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 280. 1929.

Sierra Nevada, Prov. Me"rida, 1,800 m., Linden 1407 (L). Also

in Colombia.

A slender shrub 1-2.5 m. high, the branches villosulous or puberu-

lent; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oblong-elliptic to oblanceo-

late-oblong, 8-13 cm. long, short-acuminate, acuminate and decurrent

at the base, glabrous above, minutely villosulous beneath on the

veins; cymes 3-7-flowered, umbelliform, short-pedunculate, shorter

than the petioles, the pedicels 2-7 mm. long; calyx lobes broadly

triangular, acutish; corolla whitish, glabrous or sparsely pilose, the

tube 2 mm. long, the lobes oblong, 4-4.5 mm. long; fruit oblong,

4-7 mm. long, glabrous.

38. POSOQUERIA Aubl.

Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819.

Solena latifolia Rudge, PI. Guian. 1: 26. 1806. Stannia formosa

Karst. Ausw. Gew. Venez. 27. pi. 9. 1848. P. formosa Planch. Fl.

Serres 6: 169. 1850-51. Stannia metensis Karst. Linnaea 28: 441.

1856. P. metensis Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 667. 1928.

Type of S. formosa from Colonia Tovar at 1,600-2,000 m.,

Karsten. Colonia Tovar, Fendler 592 (G, K, M, Y), 578 (M), 587

(K). Headwaters of Chichiriviche and Petaquire rivers, Distrito

Federal, 1,800-2,000 m., Pittier 8122 (P, W). Widely distributed

in tropical America.

A glabrous tree 6 m. high or less; leaves short-petiolate, coria-

ceous, the blades commonly oval or oblong and 8-20 cm. long, acute

or short-acuminate; flowers white, in dense terminal cymes; corolla

tube extremely slender, 13-18 cm. long; fruit globose, 4-5 cm. in

diameter, yellow, full of large seeds.

The fruit is edible but of poor quality.

39. TOCOYENA Aubl.

Tocoyena foetida Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 25. pi.

229. 1845.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 346. 1889) from

Maipures, Spruce 3582. Puerto Zamuro on the Orinoco, Gaillard 96

(P). Also in Amazonian Brazil.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 391

Branchlets at first pilose; leaves long-petiolate, the blades oblong-

lanceolate or obovate-oblong, acuminate, acute at the base, short-

pilose above, soft-pubescent beneath ; flowers few, terminal, subcapi-

tate, sessile; calyx 2 mm. long, the lobes subulate; corolla 18-20 cm.

long, pubescent, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5-3 cm.

long.

According to Gaillard, a tree 3-4 meters high with fragrant yellow

flowers. Vernacular name "guarichamaca."

Tocoyena neglecta N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 6: 35.

1901.

Reported (loc. cit.) from Rpraima, Schomburgk 478. Known from

several stations in British Guiana.

Branchlets tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceo-

late to obovate, 7.5-17 cm. long, acute, tapering to the base, rather

harshly pubescent above, densely tomentose beneath; stipules tri-

angular, acute, 4 mm. long; flowers sessile, arranged in terminal

9-20-flowered cymes; calyx 4 mm. long or less, the 5 teeth deltoid,

acuminate; corolla white, the tube 7.5-8.5 cm. long, tomentose, the

lobes obliquely oblong-lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm. long, subacute, glabrous;

fruit globose, 2 cm. in diameter, sparsely pubescent or glabrate.

The collection cited was reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 66: 348. 1889) as Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schlecht.) Schum.

Tocoyena pendulina Spruce in herb., sp. nov. — Arbor praeter

corollas omnino glabra, ramulis crassis subteretibus ferrugineis; stip-

ulae persistentes erectae rigidae triangulares acutae 4-6 mm. longae;

folia breviter petiolata opposita subcoriacea lucida in sicco fere nigra,

petiolo crasso 7-10 mm. longo saepe fere ad basin marginato; lamina

obovata 12-14.5 cm. longa 7-8 cm. lata apice late rotundata basin

versus cuneatim angustata, basi ipsa acuta, venis supra prominulis,

costa subtus elevata gracili, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6

angulo semirecto adscendentibus gracilibus prominentibus fere rectis

vel leviter arcuatis juxta marginem conjunctis; inflorescentia termi-

nalis cymosa c. 6-flora 2.5 cm. longe pedunculata, pedunculo recuryo

gracili, floribus sessilibus vel usque ad 6 mm. longe pedicellatis,

bracteis obsoletis; hypanthium turbinatum 5-6 mm. longum; calycis

tubus c. 2 mm. altus et 4 mm. latus subtruncatus breviter dentatus,

dentibus triangularibus acutis remotis vix 1 mm. longis; corolla

infundibuliformis extus glabra, tubo 4.5 cm. longo medio 3 mm.

lato supra medium in faucem abrupte dilatato ore 1 cm. lato, fauce

dense villosulp, lobis 5 ovalibus vel subrotundatis apice late rotundatis

interdum crispis intus dense villosulis patentibus. — Venezuela:

Prope Tomo in ripis fluminis Guainiae, August, 1854, R. Spruce

3552 (herb. Kew., type).

Spruce's notes read: "These specimens were brought me — from

a tree said to be of moderate size. Flowers reddish ochre."

392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

The plant is related to Tocoyena brasiliensis Mart., but that differs

in having acute leaves, longer flowers, and a less dilated corolla tube.

40. RANDIA L.

Randia aculeata L. Sp. PI. 1192. 1753. R. mitis L. loc. cit.

Llanos de El Sombrero, Woronow 7566 (W). Colombia to Mexico,

southern Florida, and the West Indies.

A very spiny shrub; leaves chiefly obovate or rounded-oboyate

and 2-6 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers perfect, terminal,

solitary or clustered; corolla white, 6-8 mm. long, the throat densely

barbate; fruit globose, 6-12 mm. in diameter, the black pulp full of

large seeds.

"Cruceto." In all the species of Randia the pulp is much sought

by birds, which make holes in the rind so that it may be extracted.

Although the pulp is black and slimy and most repulsive in appear-

ance, it sometimes is eaten by people in the case of the species with

large fruits.

The species is reported by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 666. 1928)

from Margarita Island and from the State of Carabobo, but I have

not seen the collections on which the records are based, and do not

know whether they are correctly determined.

Randia caracasana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 57. 1930. R.

armata var. pubescens Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 666. 1928.

Bosque de Catuche above Caracas, 1,200-1,800 meters, Pittier

6296 (F, type). Rio Catuche, Eggers 13228a (F). Near Colonia

Tovar, Fendler 551 (G, Y). Near Zigzag, E. Pittier 50 (G, Y).

Cerro de Galipan, 1,650 meters, Eggers 13228 (W). Curucuti, near

Maiquetia, dry half -wooded slopes, Pittier 10348 (P).

A shrub or small tree 3-6 meters high, armed with stout spines

6-13 mm. long; stipules glumaceous, ovate, short-acuminate, striate,

3-4 mm. long; leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, short-

petiolate, membranaceous, the blades broadly obovate to rounded-

ovate, 3-5.5 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded

at the base, appressed-pilose above, densely velvety-pilose beneath;

flowers dioecious, 1-3 at the end of the branchlet; calyx lobes obovate,

cuspidate-acuminate, 5-7 mm. long; staminate corolla sparsely

pilose, the tube 13 mm. long, the lobes obovate, obtuse, 8 mm. long;

fruit globose-ovoid, densely pilose.

Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 342.

pi. 141- 1889. Mussaenda formosa, Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

Without locality, Curran & Haman 1312 (W). Tatocales de

San Pedro, Zulia, Pittier 10625 (W, Y). Widely distributed in

tropical America.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 393

An unarmed shrub; leaves short-petiolate, the blades mostly

ovate or elliptic and 3-7 cm. long, thin, puberulent or appressed-

pilose beneath; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile; corolla

white, the slender tube 5-10 cm. long, the lobes rhombic-oblong,

acuminate, puberulent outside; fruit oval, costate, 2-3 cm. long.

Reported by Schumann, loc. cit., from Peri j a, Karsten.

Randia Gaumeri Greenm. & Thomps. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1:

410. 1915.

Lara, Saer 141 (W). Between El Sombrero and Guarico Bridge,

Guarico, Pittier 12235 (W). Llano de El Sombrero, Woronow 7276

(L). Also on the coast of Colombia and in Yucatan.

A very spiny shrub, similar to R. aculeata; leaves small, the blades

cuneate-orbicular, glabrous, ciliolate, black when dried; flowers

perfect, terminal, sessile; corolla white, 5-6 mm. long, the throat

glabrous.

Randia orinocensis Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PL 132.

1920.

Type from Santa Catalina, lower Orinoco, Rusby & Squires 222.

Rusby reports also Rusby & Squires 1 73.

Glabrous except on the younger parts, these "obscurely strigose" ;

stipules ovate, acuminate, 3 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the

blades lance-oblong, 3.5-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acute or acumi-

nate at each end; fruit sessile, broadly oval, 5 cm. long; calyx 4 mm.

long, with short teeth.

I have seen no material of this species.

Randia spinosa (Jacq.) Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 128. 1869.

Mussaenda spinosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 70. 1763. Gardenia armata

Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 51. 1788. R. armata DC. Prodr. 4: 387.

1830. R. dioica Karst. Linnaea 30: 153. 1859-60. Basanacantha

spinosa Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 378. 1889. B. dioica Hook,

f . ex Ind. Kew. 277. 1895.

Caracas, 800-1,000 meters, Pittier 9493 (Y). Mesa de El Som-

brero, Guarico, Pittier 12373 (W). Between Petaquire and the

sea, 1,200 meters, Fendler 2605 (G). Without locality, Passarge

& Selwyn 62 (B). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A spiny shrub or small tree, sometimes almost wholly unarmed;

leaves rather large, thin, usually pubescent, at least beneath, or

glabrate; flowers dioecious; corolla white or cream-colored, glabrous

outside, the tube 2.5 cm. long; fruit oval or subglobose, 2.5-3.5 cm.

long.

"Sajadito," "cruceta," "cruceta negra," "cruceta real," "quipito

hediondo."

Basanacantha tetracantha (Cav.) Hook. f. is reported by Knuth

(Init. Fl. Venez. 667. 1928) from Margarita Island, on the authority

394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

of Ernst. The species to which this name pertains is a Mexican

one. It is rather probable that the plant so reported is really Randia

formosa.

41. GENIPA L.

Genipa americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759.

Quebrada Chiquire, Eggers 13531 (W). Colonia Tovar, Fendler

2344 (G, K), 2019 (G, K, M). Escuque to Valera, Trujillo, on dry

slopes, Pittier 13156 (F, Y). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A large or small tree; leaves petiplate, large, the blades obovate,

glabrous, somewhat leathery but deciduous; flowers arranged in small

terminal cymes, white turning yellow, 2-4.5 cm. long; fruit globose,

brownish, 6-7 cm. in diameter, the pulp filled with numerous large

compressed seeds.

"Caruto," "jagua." The strong and resistant, flexible wood is

whitish tinged with gray. It is much used in Venezuela, as every-

where in its range, for construction purposes as well as for furniture,

cart building, and many other purposes. The juice of the edible but

unattractive fruit turns dark blue upon exposure to the air, and may

be used as a dye. It is employed by the aborigines of Venezuela for

painting their bodies.

Genipa caruto HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 407. 1820. G. ameri-

cana var. caruto Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 352. 1889.

Described originally from the "banks of the Orinoco and Rio

Negro, near Caracas and Cartagena," Humboldt & Bonpland. Perija,

Zulia, Tejera 102 (W), 38 (W). Valencia, Carabobo, 400-800 meters,

Pittier 9044 (W). Guaremales Road, Carabobo, 10-100 meters,

Pittier 9004 (W) . Colonia Tovar, Fendler 593 (G) . Without locality,

in 1868, Stevens (Y). Sabana de Atures, Gaillard 78 (P). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

Differing from G. americana chiefly in the dense pubescence of the

lower leaf surface.

It is questionable whether Genipa caruto is more than a variety

of G. americana, yet the two seem to be constantly distinct in pubes-

cence, if not in other characters, and there do not appear to be

intergrading forms. It is said that the wood of the two forms is

distinct, which would indicate that there might be fundamental

differences between the two trees. Both are employed in the same

manner. Pittier reports that the wood often is employed for making

axe handles. He states, also, that in Cojedes there is prepared from

fruit of this species a laxative medicine called mana or azucar de

caruto. The vernacular names in Venezuela are "caruto" and "jagua."

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 395

42. DUROIAL. f.

Duroia eriopila L. f. Suppl. PI. 30. 1781.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 367. 1889) from

the vicinity of Roraima, Schomburgk 912. Also in the Guianas.

A tall tree, the branchlets villous; stipules caducous; leaves

short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong or obovate-oblong,

14-26 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at the base; staminate

inflorescence terminal, dense, many-flowered, the flowers sessile;

calyx truncate, 8-9 mm. long; corolla sericeous, 2.5-2.7 cm. long,

the lobes linear-oblong, acutish, nearly equaling the tube; pistillate

flowers solitary, short-pedicellate; fruit globose, pilose, 8 cm. in

diameter, yellow.

The vernacular names reported from Surinam are "marmelade

doosjes-boom" and "bosch marmel doos." The fruits are edible.

Duroia fusifera Hook. f. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

363. 1889. Amaioua fusifera Spruce ex B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 82. 1873,

nomen.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce 3405.

Stipules 13 mm. long, appressed-pilose; leaves quaternate, short-

petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong, 4-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide,

obtuse, narrowed to the base, glabrous, the margin recurved; fruit

solitary, pedicellate, fusiform, glabrous, 3-3.5 cm. long, 2 cm. thick;

calyx truncate, sericeous within.

Duroia genipoides Hook. f. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 364. 1889. Amaioua genipoides Spruce ex B. & H. Gen. PI.

2: 82. 1873, nomen. D. Sprucei Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI.

133. 1920.

Type from Maipures, on the Orinoco, Spruce 3624- The same

number is the type of D. Sprucei. Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 172

(F, W).

Branchlets glabrous; stipules 8-10 mm. long, sericeous outside;

leaves ternate, short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades obovate to

oblong, 9-12 cm. long, shortly obtuse-acuminate or obtuse, cuneate

at the base, glabrous; fruits long-pedicellate, narrowly oblong, 2-3 cm.

long, 1.5 cm. in diameter, rounded at the base and apex, glabrous;

calyx 1 cm. long, glabrous outside, sericeous within.

Duroia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum. is listed by Knuth, Init.

Fl. Venez. 667. 1928, but the species is not known from Venezuela,

so far as the available material indicates. Knuth's report evidently

is based upon a Colombian specimen.

Duroia oocarpa (Spruce) Standl., sp. nov. Amaioua oocarpa

Spruce in herb. — Arbor tenuis subramosa 5.5 m. alta, ramulis

crassis dense hispidis, internodiis valde abbreviatis; stipulae lanceo-

396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

lato-oblongae c. 3 cm. longae suberectae ferrugineae extus dense

hirsutae intus glabrae; folia breviter petiolata opposita subcoriacea,

petiole gracili c. 2 cm. longo dense fulvo-hirsuto; lamina anguste

oblanceolato-oblonga c. 30 cm. longa et 5-7 cm. lata abrupte longi-

acuminata, acumine angusto attenuate 2-3 cm. longo, basin versus

longe sensimque attenuata, supra in sicco fere nigra, densiuscule

pallido-puncticulata, ad costam sparse hirsuta, aliter glabra, venis

plus minusye impressis, subtus multo pallidior, ubique subsparse sed

molliter pilis brevibus rigidis patentibus fulvis hispidulo-pilosa, costa

gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 17 angulo c.

semirecto adscendentibus gracilibus eleyatis leviter curvis marginem

attingentibus, margine revoluto, nervulis obsoletis; bacca ut videtur

terminalis et sessilis plumbeo-caerulea punctis albidis maculata

ovalis c. 6 cm. longa sparse hirsuta, calyce persistente coronata;

calycis tubus cylindraceus c. 6 mm. longus dense hirsutus, laciniis

linearibus 1-1.5 cm. longis extus hirsutis recurvis; semina numerosa

magna. — Venezuela: In sylvis umbrosis fluminis Guainiae, June,

1854, R. Spruce 3515 (herb. Kew., type).

The leaves are rather similar to those of D. eriopila L. f., but

longer and narrower; the calyx in that species is truncate or dentic-

ulate. In Schumann's key to the species of the genus in the Flora

Brasiliensis the plant would run to D. hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.)

Schum., but that has conspicuously different leaves and inflated

branchlets.

Duroia saccifera (Mart.) Hook. f. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 66: 362. pi 146, f. 1. 1889. Amaioua saccifera Mart, ex R. & S.

Syst. Veg. 7: 91. 1829.

Reported by Schumann, loc. cit., from the region of the rivers

Casiquiare, Vasiva, and Pacimoni, Spruce 8270. Also along the

Amazon in Brazil.

A shrub 2-3 meters high, the branchlets hispid; stipules 1-3

cm. long; leaves ternate, very shortly petiolate, bearing at the base

2 inflated pouches, the blades oblong-lanceolate or obovate-oblong,

15-35 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate to the base, hirsute; staminate

inflorescence short, composed of 3-flowered cymes, 3-4 cm. long, the

pedicels 3-7 mm. long; calyx tubular, truncate, with 5-6 filiform teeth;

corolla sericeous, 3 cm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, half as

long as the tube or longer; fruit ovoid, 6 cm. long, pluricostate,

acuminate, rounded at the base, rufous-hispid.

Schumann reports from Brazil the names "cad-jusara" and "folha

de comminao." The inflated sacs of the leaves are reported to be

inhabited by ants.

43. AMAIOUA Aubl.

Amaioua corymbosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 419. 1820.

Gardenia hexandra Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 243. 1819.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 397

Manoa, Rusby & Squires 314 (F, W, Y). Central America to the

Guianas and Cuba.

A shrub or small tree; stipules lance-oblong, 1.5-^2.5 cm. long,

ferruginous-sericeous outside, united at first into a conic cap, decidu-

ous; leaves short-petiolate, oval to elliptic, 5-20 cm. long, short-

acuminate, at the base rounded to acute, more or less sericeous

beneath along the veins; flowers white, dioecious, the staminate

flowers corymbose; calyx cupular, 3-4 mm. long, 6-denticulate;

corolla about 18 mm. long, its tube retrorse-sericeous, the lanceolate

lobes about equaling the tube; pistillate flowers capitate or corym-

bose, the corolla 1 cm. long; fruit baccate, oval or obovoid, 1.2-1.5 cm.

long, sparsely sericeous, containing numerous small, irregularly

angulate seeds.

44. STACHYARRHENA Hook. f.

Stachyarrhena longifolia Hook. f. Icon. PI. pi 1068. 1870.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce 3346.

A small tree, glabrous throughout; stipules persistent, broadly

triangular, obtuse; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the blades linear-

oblong, 20-^23 cm. long, 5.5-6.5 cm. wide, obtuse, acute at the base;

staminate inflorescence spicate, twice as long as the petiole, erect,

terminal, pedunculate; calyx cupular, truncate, 1-1.5 mm. long.

Stachyarrhena spicata Hook, f., var. multinervia Schum.

in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 370. 1889.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce 3322. The typical form of the species grows in

Amazonian Brazil.

A small glabrous tree; leaves long-petiolate, rigidly herbaceous,

oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 6-11 cm. long, subacuminate at

the base; inflorescence spicate, erect, sessile; calyx 1.5 mm. long;

corolla ochroleucous, 7-8 mm. long, caducous, the short lobes ovate-

triangular, acute; fruit baccate, globose, 1.5 cm. in diameter.

45. ALIBERTIA A. Rich.

Alibertia edulis (L. Rich.) A. Rich, ex DC. Prodr. 4: 443. 1830.

Genipa edulis L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792.

Cordiera edulis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 279. 1891.

Perijd, Prov. Maracaibo, Plee 139 (P). Widely distributed in

tropical America.

A glabrous shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves

short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades lance-oblong to oval-ovate,

6-20 cm. long, usually short-acuminate, acute to rounded at the base;

flowers terminal, white, dioecious, sessile; calyx denticulate; corolla

2-3 cm. long, sericeous outside, the 4-5 lobes acuminate; fruit bac-

cate, globose, 2.5 cm. in diameter, yellowish, containing numerous

large compressed seeds.

398 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Alibertia granulosa Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 133. 1920.

Santa Catalina, lower Orinoco, Rusby & Squires 174 (F, W, type

collection), 296 (Y). Perija, Zulia, Tejera 20 (W). Cano del Corozal

to Corozal, Bond, Gillin & Brown 206 (W, Y).

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules ovate, acute, 6 mm. long;

leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong, 8-16 cm. long,

3-6 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse at the base; fruit

sessile, globose, 2 cm. in diameter, often granular-roughened; calyx

4 mm. long.

Alibertia latifolia (Benth.) Schum., var. parvifolia Schum.

in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 386. 1889.

Reported by Schumann, loc. cit., from the region of Roraima,

Schomburgk 4^2. Also in British Guiana. The typical form of the

species grows in northern Brazil and British Guiana.

Glabrous or nearly so; stipules 5-8 mm. long, triangular, acumi-

nate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong, short-acuminate or

obtuse, small, usually barbate beneath in the axils of the veins;

staminate flowers about 5, sessile; calyx 5-7-denticulate, 5-6 mm.

long, the teeth subulate; corolla sericeous, 2 cm. long, the 4 lobes

obliquely ovate, acuminate, equaling the tube.

46. GARDENIA L.

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Phil. Trans. 512: 935. 1761.

Gardenia florida L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 305. 1762.

Reported by Pittier (PI. Usual. Venez. 281. 1920) as cultivated

for ornament. Native of tropical Asia.

A shrub or small tree with leathery persistent leaves and large,

showy, fragrant, white or cream-colored flowers, these often "double"

in horticultural forms.

"Malabar," "jazmin de Malabar."

47. RETINIPHYLLUM H. & B.

Retiniphyllum concolor (Spruce) Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 6&: 8. 1881. Commianthus concolor Spruce ex Benth. in Hook.

KewJourn. 5:235. 1853.

Near San Carlos, Spruce 3535 (ex Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 65: 8. 1881). Also along the Rio Negro in Brazil.

A shrub 2-3 meters high, the branchlets glabrous; stipule sheath

broader than long, truncate; leaves petiolate, coriaceous-membrana-

ceous, the blades oblong-elliptic, cuspidate, acute at the base, 9-18

cm. long, minutely scabrous beneath on the veins; racemes terminal,

sessile or nearly so, the flowers distinctly pedicellate; bractlets con-

nate into an orbicular cup ; pedicels almost as long as the hypanthium ;

calyx tube shorter than the hypanthium, obsoletely 5-dentate;

corolla 30-33 mm. long, very minutely puberulent, greenish outside,

flesh-colored within, the lobes scarcely half as long as the tube; fruit

5-angled, 6 mm. long, the nutlets acutely 3-carinate dorsally.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 399

Retiniphyllum erythranthum, sp. nov. — Frutex ramosus,

ramulis scaberulo-puberulis; stipulae breves; folia petiolata; lamina

coriacea ovali, late elliptica vel rarius oblanceolato-oblonga, basi

rotundata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima et apiculata, supra

glabra, lucida, subtus pallida, ad costam strigosa, aliter glabra vel

glabrata; flores terminates subcapitati pauci arete sessiles, involu-

cello disciformi subintegro; calyx breviter inaequaliter dentatus;

corolla rubra extus sparse sericea, lobis pblongis acutiusculis subre-

flexis; stamina exserta; pyrenae dorso leviter obtuse costatae.

A shrub about 2.5 meters high, apparently densely branched,

the young branchlets stout, terete, rather densely rough-puberulent,

the internodes short; stipules 2-3 mm. long, united into a shallowly

bilobate sheath, densely strigose outside, often, like the young leaves

and branches, covered with a resinous exudate; leaves opposite,

petiolate, the stout petiole 3-8 mm. long, strigose or subappressed-

pilose; leaf blades coriaceous, oval to broadly elliptic or oblong-

elliptic, rarely oblanceolate-oblong, 3-7 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide,

usually rounded or obtuse at the base, rarely attenuate to an acute

base, at the apex rounded or very obtuse and shortly apiculate, when

mature glabrous and shining on the upper surface or pilosulous only

along the impressed costa, beneath paler, pale-punctate, strigose

along the costa and sometimes also along the veins, elsewhere

glabrous, the costa slender and prominent, the veins about 6 pairs,

very slender and inconspicuous, irregular, ascending at an acute

angle, anastomosing remote from the margin; flowers terminal, few,

clustered in a headlike inflorescence, closely sessile; involucel saucer-

shaped, inconspicuous, nearly entire; hypanthium broadly obovoid,

almost 3 mm. long, like the calyx densely scaberulous and some-

times sparsely hispidulous; calyx campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. long, often

covered with a whitish resinous exudate, shallowly dentate, the

teeth broadly triangular, acute or subobtuse;- corolla red, thinly

sericeous outside, the rather stout tube 2.5 cm. long, slightly dilated

above and nearly 5 mm. broad, short-pilose in the throat, the lobes

oblong, obtuse or acutish, about 11 mm. long, reflexed, minutely

pilose or sericeous within; stamens inserted at the summit of the

corolla tube, the filaments slender, 6 mm. long, densely appressed-

pilose, the slender anthers 3 mm. long, attenuate, dorsifixed slightly

above the base; style and stigma exserted about 1 cm., the slender

style short-pilose; fruit globose, glabrous or nearly so, 8 mm. in

diameter, the 5 pyrenes shallowly sulcate and obtusely costate

dorsally. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, slopes at Central Camp, alt.

1,440 meters, December 28, 1928, to January 1, 1929, G. H. H. Tate

561 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

Mount Duida, summit of Ridge 25, at 1,800 meters, Tate 465 (Y).

Dry slopes of savanna hills, Mount Duida, at 1,320 meters, Tate

756 (Y).

The collector describes the plant as a "spindly shrub" with hard

leaves and red calyx and corolla.

400 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

The genus Retiniphyllum is a rather isolated one in the Rubiaceae,

being referred usually to a separate tribe, and being confined in its

distribution chiefly to the Amazon Valley. The present species is

referable to the subgenus Commianihus, in which it is noteworthy for

its sessile, headlike inflorescence.

Retiniphyllum laxiflorum (Benth.) N. E. Brown, Trans. Linn.

Soc. II. 6: 36. pi. 6. 1901. Patima laxiflora Benth. in Hook. Journ.

Bot. 3: 220. 1841. Synisoon Schomburgkianum Baill. Bull. Soc.

Linn. Paris 208. 1879.

Described from British Guiana. Reported from the upper slopes

of Mount Roraima, the collections cited being McConnell & Quelch

18, Appun 1175, Schomburgk 724 (81 56), 158.

A shrub or tree, glabrous except on the flowers; leaves petiolate,

thinly coriaceous, the blades elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3.5-12 cm.

long, obtuse, subcuneate at the base; racemes terminal, 3-9-flowered,

erect, the flowers opposite in pairs; pedicels 12-16 mm. long; calyx

4-4.5 mm. long, with 5 minute distant teeth; corolla minutely

appressed-pubescent outside, the tube 16-18 mm. long, the lobes

reflexed, 14 mm. long, linear-oblong, obtuse; stamens exserted and

reflexed; berry globose, costate, 6 mm. in diameter, the 5 nutlets

3-keeled on the back.

Brown (loc. cit.) states that in Bentham and Hooker's Genera

Plantarum (2: 98) this plant was confused with Kotchubaea

insignis, the description of the fruit published there being drawn

from fruit of Retiniphyllum, which is altogether different from that

of Kotchubaea. In its long-pediceled flowers the present species is

conspicuously unlike others of its genus.

Retiniphyllum pauciflorum Kunth ex Krause, Bot. Jahrb.

Engler 40: 326. 1908.

Type collected near San Baltazar on the Rio Atabapo, Humboldt

934- Represented in the herbarium of Field Museum by a photo-

graph and fragment from the Berlin herbarium.

A glabrous tree; leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic, obtuse

or obsoletely retuse, subcuneate at the base, coriaceous, 4-6 cm.

long, 2-2.5 cm. wide; flowers 2-3 at the tip of the branchlet, the

pedicels 2 mm. long; calyx tubular-campanulate, truncate and

obsoletely 5-denticulate; corolla purplish, sericeous, the 5 lobes

oblong-linear, obtuse, shorter than the tube.

Retiniphyllum pilosum (Spruce) Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 65: 7. 1881. Commianihus pilosus Spruce ex Benth. in Hook.

Journ. Bot. 5: 233. 1853.

Near San Carlos, Rio Negro, Spruce 3137 (K). Also in adjacent

Brazil.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 401

A small shrub, everywhere hispid-pubescent; stipules 2-2.5 cm.

long; leaves petiolate, rigidly submembranaceous, the blades lance-

obovate, 7-12 cm. long, acute, cuneately narrowed at the base; spikes

terminal, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves; flowers closely sessile;

calyx 5-lobate, the lobes triangular-lanceolate; corolla subsericeous,

15-17 mm. long, the lobes nearly as long as the tube; fruit globose-

pyramidal, 5.5 mm. long, 5-carinate, hirsute.

Retiniphyllum scabrum Benth. (in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 222. 1841)

may occur in Venezuela, but the type was collected probably in

British Guiana.

Retiniphyllum Schomburgkii (Benth.) Muell. Arg. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 68: 12. 1881. Commianthus Schomburgkii Benth. in Hook.

Journ. Bot. 3: 223. 1841.

Esmeralda, tree savannas, 100 meters, Tate 321 (Y). Reported

also from Mount Roraima, and in Surinam and Brazil. Mueller

reports Spruce 3247 from Esmeralda.

A shrub 3-4.5 meters high, the branchlets hirtellous; leaves

short-petiolate, the blades lance-elliptic, acute at each end, 6-8 cm.

long, hirtellous; spikes 5-6 cm. long, pedunculate, terminal, the

flowers closely sessile; calyx 2.5 mm. broad, minutely 5-denticulate;

corolla white, 15 mm. long, sericeous, the lobes longer than the tube;

fruit subglobose, 5-sulcate, translucent, red, 5 mm. long.

Retiniphyllum secundiflorum H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 86.

pi. 25. 1806. Nonatelia secundiflora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 751. 1825.

Type collected at San Baltazar, in the region of the Orinoco and

Atabapo rivers, Humboldt & Bonpland (photo, in F). Mueller (in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 8. 1881) reports Spruce 3413 from the region of

the Casiquiare, Vasiva, and Pacimoni rivers.

A shrub 4.5 meters high, the trunk 10 cm. in diameter, the

branchlets glabrous, covered with resin; stipule sheath 4-5 mm.

long; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong-obovate,

rounded-obtuse, 7-9 cm. long, glabrous above, beneath densely white-

tomentulose; racemes axillary, about as long as the leaves, naked

below; calyx lobes triangular-subulate; corolla 18-24 mm. long,

sericeous, the lobes shorter than the tube, linear, obtuse; ovary

5-6-celled.

Retiniphyllum truncatum Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

68: 11. 1881.

Type collected along the Rio Negro above the mouth of the Rio

Casiquiare, Spruce 3131 (photo, ex herb. Berol. in herb. Field Mus.).

Glabrous throughout; leaf blades elliptic, acute at each end,

6-8 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. wide; spikes terminal, longer than the leaves,

pedunculate, the flowers closely sessile; calyx truncate; corolla 15-17

mm. long, sericeous, the lobes distinctly longer than the tube.

402 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

48. MACHAONIA H. & B.

Machaonia Ottonis (Schum.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 511. 1908.

M. spinosa var. Ottonis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 100. 1888.

Type from the region of Caracas and La Guaira, Otto 375. Cabo

Blanco, Curran & Raman 915 (F, W), 91>8 (F, W). Puerto Cabello,

Curran & Raman 1159 (W). La Guaira, Moritz 1510 (W). Between

Caracas and La Guaira, 540 meters, Fendler 541 (G). Near El

Zigzag, Distrito Federal, E. Pittier 69 (G, W, Y). Hacienda Puerto

La Cruz, Distrito Federal, Pittier 8098 (W). Near El Palito, Cara-

bobo, Pittier 8199 (W), 9073 (W). Cabo Blanco, Pittier 10273 (W).

Puerto de Cruz, Woronow 7536 (L). Caracas, Linden 295 (F).

Also in Colombia.

A shrub or small tree, the branchlets often with spinose tips;

leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic, 3-6 cm. long, acute or

acuminate, glabrous; flowers small, white or yellowish, arranged in

large corymbiform panicles; calyx lobes suborbicular; fruit densely

pubescent.

Machaonia sulphurea Wernham, Journ. Bot. 51: 220. 1913.

Type from Venezuela, without definite locality, Ernst.

A shrub with glabrous branchlets; leaves sessile or nearly so,

oval, about 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, subacuminate, acute at the

base, glabrous; branches of the panicle pubescent; calyx lobes oblong,

6 mm. long, glabrate but pubescent near the margin; corolla glabrate,

2.5 mm. long, the oblong lobes more than half as long as the tube;

hypanthium oblong, 1.8 mm. long, densely hispidulous with sulphur-

colored hairs.

Probably this name should be referred to synonymy under

M. Ottonis.

49. NEOBLAKEA Standl.

The genus consists of a single species.

Neoblakea venezuelensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 54. 1930.

Guaremales, road from Puerto Cabello to San Felipe, Carabobo,

in forest, 10-100 meters, Pittier 8878 (W, type; G, Y). Around

Palmasola, in forests along the Aroa River, Lara, near sea level,

Pittier 6376 (B, W). Rio Chiquire, Eggers 13388 (W). Los Mengos,

Eggers 13388 (W). Without locality, July 29, 1891, Eggers (W).

A branched shrub, the branchlets glabrous or bifariously puberu-

lent; stipules 2-3 mm. long, trifid almost to the base, the lobes

linear-filiform; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate or ovate-

oblong, 2.5-8 cm. long, 1.3-3.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, obtuse or

subrounded at the base, sparsely scaberulous or glabrate above,

beneath minutely appressed-pilose along the veins; panicles sessile,

terminal, sometimes pedunculate, 1.5-4 cm. long, many-flowered,

the flowers sessile and more or less secund; bractlets with 1-2 red

tubercle-like glands at the base; calyx lobes linear-oblong, 1 mm.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 403

long; corolla white, glabrous outside or minutely puberulent at the

apex, 4 mm. long, sparsely villous in the throat; drupe subglobose,

3.5-4 mm. in diameter, glabrate, 3-4-celled.

50. GUETTARDAL.

Guettarda ambigua DC. is reported from Venezuela by Knuth

(Init. Fl. Venez. 668. 1928), on the authority of Ernst. The species

to which this name belongs is a West Indian one which probably does

not occur in Venezuela.

Guettarda caracasana Standl. ex Pittier, PL Usual. Venez. 197.

1926, hyponym; Field Mus. Bot. 8: 59. 1930.

Middle Cotiza, near Caracas, in light forest, Pittier 7222 (W,

type). Between Caracas and La Guaira, 600 meters, Fendler 576

(G). Vicinity of Caracas, Bailey 397 (W). Lower Cotiza, near Cara-

cas, 800-1,200 meters, Pittier 7896 (W). Lower Catuche Wood,

above Caracas, 1,000-1,200 meters, Pittier 7282 (W). Middle Cotiza,

near Caracas, 1,000-1,400 meters, Pittier 7050 (W). Las Ajuntas,

Eggers 13347 (W).

A shrub or tree 3-6 meters high, the branchlets densely pilose;

stipules caducous, 7-9 mm. long, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate or

attenuate; leaves petiolate, membranaceous-coriaceous, the blades

broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 7-13 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, acute

or short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base, densely hirtellous

or hispidulous above, tomentose beneath; cymes dense, headlike,

many-flowered, long-pedunculate; calyx 4 mm. long, fulvous-tomen-

tose; corolla white or pale pink, fulvous-sericeous, the tube 1.5 cm.

long, the 6 lobes oblong, obtuse, 6-9 mm. long; fruit oval, about 16

mm. long and 12 mm. broad.

Vernacular name, "cruceto."

Guettarda discolor Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 134.

1920. G. tovarensis Standl. ex Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 668. 1928,

nomen.

Cplonia Tovar, in forest, 1,700-2,300 meters, Pittier 9967 (W).

Also in Colombia.

A tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves petiolate, thin, the

blades elliptic to lance-oblong, 7-15 cm. long, acuminate at each end,

green above and hispidulous, beneath minutely grayish-tomentose,

appressed-pilose on the veins; inflorescence furcate, the branches

simple, the flowers secund; corolla pale pink, 12 mm. long; fruit

acutely 4-angled.

Guettarda divaricata (H. & B.), comb. nov. Dicrobotryum

divaricatum H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 221. 1819. Guettarda

xylosteoides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 420. pi. 292. 1820.

Type collected along the Orinoco between Angostura and Fer-

reras, Humboldt & Bonpland.

404 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A tree 6 meters high, the branchlets hirtous; stipules lanceolate,

acuminate, as long as the petioles; leaves petiolate, membranaceous,

the blades elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the

base, 3.5^-5 cm. long, glabrous above, hirtous beneath on the veins;

cymes bifid, 3-7-flowered, pedunculate; corolla white, pubescent,

the lobes 6, oblong, obtuse; fruit globose, pubescent, 5-6-celled.

This species is the type of the genus Dicrobotryum Willd. ex R.

& S. (op. cit. xiii). The species may not be distinct from Guettarda

parviflora Vahl.

Guettarda elliptica Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 59. 1788.

San Joaquin, Carabobo, 480-1,200 meters, Pittier 7904 (W).

Llanos de Acarigua, Portuguesa, in savannas, Pittier 11731 (W).

Locality uncertain, Geay (P). Between Cujicito and Sarare, in thin

forest, Saer 466 (F). Prov. Carabobo, Funck & Schlim 643 (F).

Extending to Mexico, the West Indies, and southern Florida.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 meters high, the branchlets

appressed-pilose; stipules deltoid-acuminate, 2.5-3 mm. long; leaves

short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades chiefly oval or rounded-

oval, 3-7 cm. long, rounded or obtuse and apiculate, truncate to

acute at the base, minutely appressed-pilose above or glabrate,

minutely appressed-pilose beneath or finally glabrate; cymes mostly

3-flowered, pedunculate; calyx 2-2.5 mm. long, tomentulose; corolla

white, tinged outside with pink, the tube 6-9 mm. long, the 4 lobes

2-2.5 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 4-8 mm. long, 2-4-celled, purplish.

Guettarda frondosa Moritz ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:

60. 1930. Matthiola frondosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 228. 1891,

nomen.

La Guaira, Moritz 1735 (K, type).

Branchlets densely strigose; stipules caducous; leaves slender-

petiolate, thick-membranaceous, the blades broadly elliptic or almost

rounded, 12-15 cm. long, 8-10 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, acute

at the base or abruptly contracted and decurrent, strigose above along

the veins, minutely appressed-pilose beneath on the veins; cymes

axillary, bifurcate, pedunculate, the branches 1 cm. long, the flowers

dense, secund; calyx 1.2 mm. long, tomentulose; corolla in bud 6

mm. long, the tube retrorse-sericeous.

Guettarda parviflora Vahl, Eclog. 2: 26. 1798. G. parvifolia

Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1958. 1806. Myginda Bredemeyeri Schult.

Mant. 3:349. 1827.

Colonia Tovar, Fendler 574 (G, K, Y) . Cristobal Colon, Broadway

379 (W, Y). Valencia, Warming 166 (W); at 400-800 meters,

Pittier 9014 (W). Cumana, 750 meters, Funck 623 (L), 35 (L). Along

the Orinoco, Gaillard 121 (P). West Indies and the Guianas.

A shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high ; branchlets appressed-

pilose; stipules deltoid-acuminate, 2-3 mm. long; leaves petiolate,

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 405

membranaceous, the blades mostly elliptic or oval-elliptic, 2-5 cm.

long, 1-3 cm. wide, rounded to acute at each end, usually glabrous

above, beneath minutely appressed-pilose along the veins or glabrate;

cymes 3-flowered, the central flower sessile, the others on branches

1-3 mm. long, the peduncles 1-2.5 cm. long; calyx 1.5 mm. long;

corolla white or pinkish white, antrorse-sericeous, the tube 7-9 mm.

long, the 5^6 lobes 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit globose, 4-5 mm. in diameter,

5-celled, minutely tomentulose, black at maturity.

Pittier 9014 was listed incorrectly by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 669.

1928) as Chomelia brachyloba Standl.

Guettarda Pittieri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 60. 1930.

Rio Chico, Miranda, Jahn 1283 (W, type). Near Caracas,

1,000 meters, Pittier 9622 (W, Y). Between Caracas and La Guaira,

600 meters, Fendler 575 (G). La Guaira, Moritz 959 (K).

A tree 6 meters high, the branchlets densely ochraceous-strigose;

stipules caducous, 5-6 mm. long, ovate-acuminate; leaves slender-

petiolate, thick-membranaceous, the blades broadly elliptic to oblong-

elliptic, 8-15 cm. long, 4-8.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, obtuse or

rounded at the base, sparsely and minutely strigillose above or

glabrate, beneath sericeous-strigose; cymes few-flowered, dense,

headlike, pedunculate; calyx 3 mm. long, densely sericeous; corolla

white, fulvous-sericeous, the tube 16-18 mm. long, the 5-6 lobes

oblong, rounded at the apex; fruit globose or depressed-globose,

13-18 mm. broad, densely and minutely tomentose, 5-6-celled.

Guettarda Rusbyi Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 288. 1929.

Cumana, Funck 644 (K, Y). La Guaira, Karsten (L). Also in

Colombia.

A small tree, the young branchlets strigillose; leaves short-

petiolate, the blades ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 5-12.5 cm. long,

acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, scaberulous or glabrate

above, strigillose or rarely puberulent beneath along the veins;

cymes dense, long-pedunculate, few-flowered; corolla tube 10-13

mm. long, densely sericeous, the oval lobes 3 mm. long; fruit oval,

7-12 mm. long, 4-celled.

Guettarda scabra (L.) Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2: 218. 1793.

Mathiola scabra L. Sp. PL 1192. 1753.

Margarita Island, Johnston 114 (F, W). Ranging to the West

Indies and southern Florida.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 meters high; leaves petiolate,

the blades elliptic to obovate, 10-15 cm. long and 6-12 cm. wide,

usually short-acuminate, rough on the upper surface, densely pilose

or sericeous beneath; stipules subulate, deciduous, 1 cm. long; cymes

long-pedunculate, with short branches; corolla white, densely pilose,

the tube elongate, the lobes 5-7; fruit globose, tomentose, 3-6-celled.

406 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

51. MALANEA Aubl.

Malanea Fendleri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 61. 1930.

Near Colonia Tovar, 1,800 meters, Fendler 2555 (G, type).

Branchlets ferruginous-hirsute; stipules deciduous, elliptic-ovate,

acute, 6 mm. long; leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades elliptic-

oblong or oblong, 6.5-14 cm. long, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide, acute or abruptly

acute, obtuse or narrowly rounded at the base, glabrous or sparsely

hispid above, beneath appressed-hispidulous and along the veins

hispid; panicles lax and many-flowered, pedunculate, 4.5-5.5 cm.

long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, the short branches densely ferruginous-his-

pidulous, the flowers sessile; hypanthium glabrous; calyx 1-1.3 mm.

long, scaberulous, lobed to the middle, the lobes rounded; fruit oblong,

1 cm. long, glabrous.

Malanea gabrielensis Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 45.

1888.

Rio Pacimoni, Spruce (K). Mueller reports Spruce 3446 from

the same river. Also in adjacent Brazil.

A scandent shrub; stipules triangular, acuminate; leaves petiolate,

rigid, the blades lance-elliptic to elliptic or ovate or even rounded-

elliptic, 6-12 cm. long, 2.5-8.5 cm. wide, sparsely appressed-pubes-

cent beneath; inflorescence pedunculate, interrupted below, dense

above; calyx repand-5-lobulate; corolla sericeous, lobed to about the

middle, barbate within; fruit ellipsoid, 7-8 mm. long, glabrous.

Malanea hirsuta Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 61. 1930.

A few miles south of Colonia Tovar, 1,050 meters, Fendler 569

(G,type;K,M,Y).

A large scandent shrub, the branchlets densely fulvous-hispid;

stipules 5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate; leaves short-petiolate,

thick-membranaceous, the blades lance-oblong, 5.5-8 cm. long, 2-3

cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base, densely hirsute on both sur-

faces; panicles spikelike, pedunculate, 2-3 cm. long, sometimes

branched at the base, the rachis densely short-hirsute, the flowers

sessile; calyx 1 mm. long, the short lobes rounded, hispidulous; fruit

oblong, 10-12 mm. long, 5 mm. thick, glabrous, 2-celled.

Malanea roraimensis Wernham, Journ. Bot. 50: 243. 1912.

Type from Roraima, Schomburgk 1002. Wernham reports also

Schomburgk 159 (299).

Branchlets strigose; stipules 7-10 mm. long, ovate or lanceolate,

glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblanceolate, 8-9 cm.

long, 3 cm. wide, very shortly acuminate, narrowed to the base,

glabrous; inflorescence spicate, pedunculate, more or less interrupted,

the rachis densely strigose-pubescent, the flowers 4-parted, 3 mm.

long; calyx teeth short and obtuse; corolla sparsely pubescent out-

side, barbate in the throat, the lobes obtuse, slightly longer than the

tube.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 407

Malanea ursina Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 62. 1930.

Rio Vasiva, Spruce (K, type).

Branchlets densely brownish-hispid; stipules ovate-oblong, 7 mm.

long, acute, hispid; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades

elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5-8.5 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, abruptly

acuminate, obtuse or acutish at the base, sparsely hispid or glabrate

above, brown-hispid beneath with short hairs; panicles spikelike,

4 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, short-pedunculate, the rachis hispidulous,

the flowers sessile, densely glomerate; calyx lobes short, rounded-

ovate, appressed-hispidulous; corolla in bud 1.5 mm. long, densely

ochraceous-strigillose.

52. CHOMELIA Jacq.

Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 18. pi. 13. 1763.

Anisomeris spinosa Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 44: 98. 1891.

Valera, Trujillo, Pittier 10772 (W, Y). Rio de Sarare, 400 m.,

Saer 521 (F). Also in Colombia and Panama.

A shrub or small tree, 3-6 m. high, armed with long stout spread-

ing brownish spines; leaves petiolate, thin, the blades ovate or

elliptic, acute or acuminate, acute at the base, pilosulous when young,

especially beneath; flowers white or yellowish white, in small dense

axillary slender-stalked cymes; corolla 2 cm. long; calyx tubular,

the narrow lobes shorter than the tube; fruit drupaceous, oblong,

black at maturity.

Ghomelia tenuiflora Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 231. 1841.

Hills above Los Teques, Miranda, 1,500 m., Pittier 11592 (P,

W, Y). Middle Cotiza, near Caracas, 1,000-1,400 m., Pittier 8046

(W). Without locality, Moritz 21 Ib (L). Upper Cotiza, near

Caracas, 1,400 m., Pittier 7189 (W). Los Teques, 1,400-1,500 m.,

Pittier 7529 (W). Colonia Tovar, 1,050 m., Fendler 1754 (G), 1978

(G, K). Also in Colombia and the Guianas.

A shrub or small tree, similar to the preceding species; leaf blades

ovate, acuminate, pilosulous, especially beneath; cymes short, axil-

lary, few-flowered; calyx lobes linear or subulate, much longer than

the tube; corolla densely sericeous outside.

53. ANISOMERIS Presl

'Anispmeris malaneoides (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia

malaneoides Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 452, 457. 1875.

Type collected in the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva,

and Pacimoni, Spruce 3317.

A shrub, the branchlets at first appressed-pilose; stipules tri-

angular-lanceolate, acuminate, 8 mm. long; leaves slender-petiolate,

the blades 11-13 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-

nate, subacute at the base, appressed-pilose on the veins; cymes

408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

pedunculate, dense; calyx twice as long as the hypanthium, 4-parted,

the lobes unequal; corolla sericeous-tomentulose, 6 mm. long, the

lobes equaling or longer than the tube.

Anisomeris polyantha (Blake) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 52:

142. 1925. Chomelia polyantha Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:

532. 1924.

Type collected in forest at Guaremales, between Puerto Cabello

and San Felipe, State of Carabobo, alt. 10-100 m., Pittier 8856.

Mamo Electric Plant, Distrito Federal, Pittier 11085 (B, W, Y).

San Andre's de Caruao, Distrito Federal, Pittier 11938 (W, Y).

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 m. high, often branched from

the base; stipules 2.5 mm. long; leaves very shortly petiolate, the

blades oval to oblong-obovate, 3-7 cm. long, abruptly acute, cuneate

to rounded at the base, coriaceous, glabrous above, barbate beneath

in the axils of the veins; peduncles axillary, glabrous, 1.5-2 cm.

long, densely about 10-flowered; calyx 2-2.5 mm. long, sparsely

strigillose, with 4 oblong or suborbicular teeth; corolla white, 2 cm.

long, at first densely strigillose, the 4 lobes obtuse, 4.5 mm. long.

"Guacharaco." Flowers sweet-scented.

Anisomeris volubilis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 58. 1930.

Type from the Rio Guainia (Rio Negro), on inundated banks,

Spruce 3547 (K).

A scandent shrub 6 m. long, the young branchlets ferruginous-

hirtellous; stipules lance-subulate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades

firm-membranaceous, narrowly oblong or lance-oblong, 6-11 cm.

long, long-acuminate, at the base acute or obtuse, hirtellous above

along the costa, beneath ferruginous-hirtellous along the costa and

appressed-pilose on the veins; peduncles axillary, 1.2-2.3 mm. long,

ferruginous-hirtellous, 3-flowered; calyx 5 mm. long, strigose, cleft

almost to the base into 4 linear divisions; corolla whitish, densely

strigose, the filiform tube 2 cm. long, the 4 linear lobes 5-6 mm. long.

54. DUIDANIA, gen. nov.

Frutices vel arbores, ramulis crassis subteretibus vel angulatis

glabris, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persistentes erectae breves

connatae intrapetiolares abrupte acuminato-apiculatae; folia crasse

coriacea breviter petiolata opposita, lamina late ovali vel rotundata

apice late rotundata et apiculata; flpres mediocres cymoso-corymbosi,

inflorescentiis densissime multifloris terminalibus sessilibus, floribus

dense congestis sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis, bracteis plerum-

que foliaceis; hypanthium paryum obovoideum; calyx 5-partitus,

laciniis elongatis lineari-filiformibus; corolla hypocrateriformis pube-

rula vel hispidula in alabastro apice obtusa, tubo gracili intus glabro,

limbi lobis 5 anguste oblongis attenuatis valvatis obtusis; stamina 5

fauce corollae inserta, filamentis brevissimis, antheris linearibus

dorsifixis acutis subexsertis; discus depressus; stylus filiformis glaber,

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 409

ramis 2 brevissimis; ovarium 2-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis, ovulo

medio septi affixo; capsula parva globosa coriacea dense puberula

teres septicide bivalvis 2-sperma; semina hemisphaerica laevia.

Type species, Duidania montana Standl.

Duidania montana, sp. nov. — Folia plus minusve rugosa, basi

obtusa vel late rotundata, supra glabra, subtus dense minute pallido-

tomentella, margmibus subrevolutis; hypanthium dense ochraceo-

puberulum, laciniis calycis erectis puberulis vel hispidulis.

A shrub or small tree, apparently densely branched, the branch-

lets thick, subterete or somewhat angulate, fuscous, glabrous, the

latest internodes sometimes sparsely and minutely puberulent, the

internodes mostly 1.5-2.5 cm. long; stipules erect, persistent, 4 mm.

long, glabrous, connate for almost their whole length, the lobes acu-

minate-apiculate; leaves thick-coriaceous, short-petiolate, opposite,

the stout petioles 2-3 mm. long, minutely puberulent or glabrate;

leaf blades broadly oval or orbicular, 3.5-6.5 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm.

wide, broadly rounded at the apex and shortly obtuse-apiculate,

rounded or obtuse at the base, glabrous above, fuscous, somewhat

lustrous, rugose, the veins more or less impressed, paler beneath,

densely and minutely ochraceous-tomentulose, the costa slender,

elevated, the veins about 12 pairs, very slender, prominulous, arcuate,

ascending at a wide angle, the veinlets obscure, few, and laxly reticu-

late between the approximate veins, the margin often subrevolute;

inflorescence terminal, cymose-corymbose, very dense and many-

flowered, about 3 cm. long and 4-7 cm. broad, densely branched,

the branches stout, sordid-puberulent, the bractlets mostly green

and foliaceous, similar in texture to the leaves, varying from oval

to narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, the flowers sessile and congested

or very shortly pedicellate; hypanthium obovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long,

densely ochraceous-puberulent; calyx 5-parted, the segments erect,

linear-subulate, subequal, 5-7 mm. long, hispidulous or puberulent,

persistent; corolla yellowish white, puberulent or hispidulous, the

tube slender, scarcely dilated above, 8 mm. long, glabrous within,

the 5 lobes narrowly oblong, spreading or ascending, valvate, attenu-

ate, obtuse, 5-6 mm. long; stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the

corolla, the filaments very short; anthers linear, semiexserted, 4 mm.

long, dorsifixed at the middle, obtuse; disk depressed; style glabrous,

10 mm. long, the 2 branches oblong, very short; capsule septicidal,

globose, 4-5 mm. long, rounded at the base, smooth, densely puberu-

lent, 2-celled; seeds 1 in each cell, attached laterally to the middle

of the thin septum, hemispheric, grayish, smooth. — Venezuela:

Mount Duida, slopes of Ridge 25, alt. 1,650-1,800 m., G. H. H.

Tate 420 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; photo, and fragm. in herb.

Field Mus.).

Although it is represented by complete and fairly ample material,

the tribal position of this plant is not altogether clear, especially

because of the unusual structure of the fruit. There are very few

410 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Rubiaceae that have capsular fruit with a single seed in each cell.

The only American genus that seems to be related is Ceratopyxis,

a shrub native in Cuba. That is referred to the Chiococceae, where,

however, it is anomalous because of its dry fruit, that of most mem-

bers of the tribe being fleshy. Ceratopyxis differs conspicuously from

the Mount Duida plant in its compressed capsules and in having the

stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube, nor is it very similar

in general appearance.

The peculiar, appressed, minute, pale tomentum found on the

under surface of the leaves of Duidania is not a common type of

pubescence in the family, being found chiefly in the genus Guettarda,

to which I do not believe that Duidania is closely related.

55. ERITHALIS L.

Erithalis fruticosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 930. 1759.

Reported from Juan Griego, Margarita Island, Ernst (Johnston,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 34: 262. 1909). West Indies.

A resinous glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules persistent, 2

mm. long; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the blades mostly obovate;

flowers in axillary trichotomous corymbose panicles; calyx subtrun-

cate; corolla white, 5 mm. long, the 5 lobes lance-oblong, the throat

naked; fruit a globose drupe.

56. CHIOCOGCA L.

Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893.

Lonicera alba L. Sp. PI. 175. 1753. C. racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed.

10. 917. 1759. C. brachiata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 67. pi. 219. 1799.

Colonia Tovar, 600-900 m., Fendler 542 (G, M). Manoa, Rusby

& Squires 215 (W). Aricagua, Merida, 1,000 m., Jahn 983 (W).

Perija, Tejera 21 (Y). La Guaira (?), Andre K.I 107 (Y). Barquisi-

meto, Lara, Saer 262 (Y). Macarao, Distritq Federal, Pittier 11560

(P, Y). Cumana, 900 m.,Funck 79 (L). El Tigre, Maracay, Karsten

(L). San Esteban, Mocquerys (P). Duaca, Mocquerys (P). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

A shrub, the branches often long and pendent or trailing, glabrous

or nearly so; stipules 3 mm. long, persistent, appressed, acuminate;

leaves short-petiolate, thick, the blades elliptic to ovate, obtusely

acuminate, mostly 7-10 cm. long; flowers fragrant, white or yellowish,

in axillary cymose panicles or sometimes racemose; corolla 6-8 mm.

long, with short lobes; fruit white, fleshy, compressed, 4-8 mm. long.

Regarding the use of this plant in Brazil, the following informa-

tion is given by G. Gardner (Travels in the Interior of Brazil, 39.

1849):

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 411

One of the remedies which they believe to be most efficacious

(for snake bites) is that which is well known in Minas and other

inland provinces by the name of Black Root (Raiz Preto), and Snake

Root (Raiz de Cobra). It is the root of a common shrub, now well

known to botanists by the name of Chiococca anguifuga (a synonym

of C. alba). It has a pungent disagreeable smell, not unlike that of

the common Valerian. Decoctions of this are given to drink, and

poultices of it are applied to the wound. The Raiz Preto acts as

a violent emetic and purgative, and also induces copious perspiration.

If it operates freely in this manner, they augur favorably of the

patient's recovery. Besides this plant they use many others. Snakes

have generally a disagreeable musky smell, and it is a common opin-

ion among the people that any plant possessing one similar is sure

to be valuable in the cure of their bites.

Chiococca erubescens Wernham, Journ. Bot. 51: 322. 1913.

Without locality, Funck & Schlim 149 (K, L). Colonia Tovar,

1,200 m., Fendler 2604 (G), 1991 (G, K, M); at 1,800 m., Fendler

1035 (G). Also in French Guiana.

A glabrous shrub; leaves chartaceous, short-petiolate, the blades

ovate to elliptic or oblong, 14-20 cm. long, 7-12 cm. wide, shortly

obtuse-acuminate; stipules short, apiculate; inflorescences simple,

few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, the pedicels 2 mm. long

or less; calyx teeth short, broad, acutish, 2-2.5 mm. long; corolla

yellow, the tube 9 mm. long, the lobes 2 mm. long.

Chiococca micrantha J. R. Johnston, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40:

696. 1905.

San Juan Mountain, Margarita Island, 400 m., Johnston 115 (F,

type collection). Puerto Cabello, Curran & Haman 1154 (F, W).

Colonia Tovar, Fendler 543b (G). Hacienda Panarigua, Distrito

Federal, Pittier 9202 (W, Y). Also in Colombia.

A shrub or small tree, branching from the base; leaves lanceolate,

3-5 cm. long, glabrous, acuminate, attenuate to the base; inflores-

cences about 3-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; corolla small, green-

ish or white, twice as long as the calyx; fruit white, 3 mm. broad.

Distinct in the small flowers and few-flowered inflorescences.

Chiococca nitida Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 236. 1841.

Arabupu, slopes of Mount Roraima, 1,360 m., Tate 261 (Y).

Type probably from Roraima.

Leaves oblong-elliptic, 7.5-12.5 cm. long, shortly obtuse-acumi-

nate, coriaceous, shining, glabrous; stipules very short, scarcely

apiculate; racemes axillary, binate, lax; calyx teeth very short;

corolla subcampanulate, 8 mm. long; anthers included, the filaments

villous.

412 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

57. COFFEA L.

Coffea arabica L. Sp. PI. 172. 1753.

Coffee (cafe) is one of the most important agricultural products of

Venezuela. For an account of its cultivation there see Pittier, PL

Usual. Venez. 152. 1926.

Coffea liberica Bull ex Hiern, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 1: 171. pi.

24- 1876.

Although Arabian coffee is the species grown generally in Vene-

zuela as well as throughout tropical America, this species, Liberian

coffee, is grown there upon a small scale.

58. IXORA L.

Ixora coccinea L. Sp. PI. 110. 1753.

Caracas, Tatavinow (L). A native of tropical Asia, but cultivated

commonly for ornament in tropical America.

A shrub with leathery, sessile or subsessile leaves; flowers orange-

red, in dense corymbs; corolla tube long and slender, the short

spreading lobes acute.

The shrub is a favorite ornamental plant in many parts of tropical

America. It is exceptionally showy on account of its brilliantly

colored blossoms.

Ixora duidae, sp. nov. — Arbor omnino glabra, ramulis gracilibus

olivaceis subcompressis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae erectae persis-

tentes lineari-lanceolatae striatae; folia breviter petiolata crasse

membranacea qpposita, lamina mediocri oblonga vel elliptico-pblonga

acuminata basi acuta; inflorescentiae axillares cymoso-paniculatae

laxe multiflorae longissime et graciliter pedunculatae, floribus bre-

viter pedicellatis; calyx minutus breviter obtuse dentatus; corolla

parva hypocrateriformis, lobis late oblongis obtusis tubo plus quam

duplo brevioribus.

A tree, glabrous throughout, the branchlets slender, olivaceous,

somewhat compressed, the internodes mostly 1.5-2.5 cm. long;

stipules erect, greenish, subpersistent, lance-linear, long-attenuate,

8-11 mm. long, striate, more or less laciniate at the apex; leaves

thick-membranaceous, short-petiolate, opposite, the slender petioles

5-8 mm. long; leaf blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 9-13.5 cm. long,

2.5-5 cm. wide, acuminate, with subobtuse tip, acute at the base,

green on the upper surface and slightly lustrous, the venation some-

what elevated, slightly paler beneath, the costa slender, prominent,

the veins about 10 pairs, slender, prominent, divergent at a wide

angle, slightly arcuate, anastomosing close to the margin, the vein-

lets prominulous, closely reticulate; inflorescences axillary, cymose-

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 413

paniculate, very lax, many-flowered, 3-5 cm. long and up to 8 cm.

broad, trichotomous at the base and dichotomous above, the lowest

branches very slender, divaricate, straight, stiff, the very slender

peduncles 5-11 cm. long, probably pendent; bracts minute or obso-

lete, triangular, less than 1 mm. long; flowers sessile or on pedicels

2 mm. long or less; hypanthium obovoid, 0.6 mm. long, the calyx

half as long, obtusely dentate; corolla white, the very slender tube

6-11 mm. long, scarcely dilated in the throat, the lobes broadly

oblong, obtuse, 2.5-3 mm. long, spreading. — Venezuela: Hillside at

Foothills Camp, Mount Duida, alt. 225 m., G. H. H. Tate 392

(herb. N. Y. Bot. Card., type).

The leaves suggest those of the Brazilian Ixora membranacea

Muell. Arg., but that has a quite different, terminal inflorescence.

Very few species of Ixora with axillary inflorescence are known,

and this plant does not seem to be closely related to any of the

American ones.

Ixora ferrea (Jacq.) Benth. Linnaea 23: 447. 1850. Sider-

oxyloides ferreum Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 19. pi. 175, f. 9. 1763. Sidero-

dendron ferreum J. F. Gmel. Syst. Veg. 242. 1791.

Without locality, Fendler 2557 (M). Also in the West Indies

and the Guianas.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules subulate; leaves short-

petiolate, the blades oblong, acute or short-acuminate; corymbs

axillary or lateral, sessile, dense and few-flowered; corolla pink, the

slender tube 8 mm. long, the lobes oval, scarcely one-third as long.

Ixora Funckii Wernham, Journ. Bot. 50: 243. 1912.

Prov. Carabobo, May, 1846, Funck & Schlim 640 (P, type collec-

tion). Between Puerto Cabello and San Felipe, Carabobo, 100-500

m., Pittier 8962.

Glabrous; stipules subpersistent, setaceous-linear, 6 mm. long;

leaves short-petiolate or sessile, elliptic, 13 cm. long and 5 cm.

wide, acute; cymes few-flowered, very lax, terminating short branches,

pedunculate, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long; calyx teeth 4, subulate;

corolla white, glabrous, the tube 2.2-2.8 cm. long, the lobes oblong,

acute, 1 cm. long.

Ixora leptosolen Blake ex Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 670. 1928.—

This is a name only, based on Pittier 8929 from Valencia. The

specimens represent a cultivated plant, presumably of Old World

origin, whose identity is uncertain.

Ixora parviflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 11. pi. 52. 1794.

Valencia, cultivated, Pittier 8155 (W). A native of the Indian

region, often grown for ornament in tropical America.

414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub or small tree; leaves subsessile, oblong or elliptic, obtuse,

7.5^-15 cm. long; cymes sessile, dense and many-flowered; corolla

white, the tube about 8 mm. long.

Ixora Thwaitesii Hook. f. is reported by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez.

670. 1928) as collected at Caja de Agua, Valencia, Pittier 8160. I

have not seen, recently at least, the collection upon which the report

is based. Probably the plant is the one which should be known as

Ixora Finlaysoniana Wall. This is an exotic species with clusters of

handsome white flowers, grown commonly for ornament in tropical

America.

59. MORINDA L.

Morinda peduncularis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 380. 1819.

Type collected in the forests of the Orinoco near San Borja,

Humboldt & Bonpland.

Branchlets glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, the

blades elliptic-oblong, 12.5 cm. long, 5.5 cm. wide, acuminate, nar-

rowed at the base, glabrous, shining above and bright green, paler

beneath; stipules acuminate, persistent; heads axillary, subglobose,

the peduncles 3.5 cm. long, finely pubescent; calyx obsoletely 5-

dentate, subpuberulent; corolla white, glabrous, the lobes linear.

Morinda roioc L. Sp. PL 176. 1753.

Reported (Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 676. 1928) from Paparo,

Pittier 6323. Extending to Central America and the West Indies.

A shrub or small tree, usually in coastal thickets, often subscan-

dent; leaf blades mostly linear-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, acute

or acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white, 1 cm. long, the

small dense heads on peduncles 3-10 mm. long.

"Pepa de raton."

60. APPUNIA Hook. f.

Appunia angulata (Benth.) Baill. Hist. PI. 7: 415. 1880.

Ixora angulata Benth. ex B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 114. 1873. Bellynkxia

angulata Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 465, 475. 1875.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and Paci-

moni, along the Rio Negro, Spruce 3337.

A glabrous shrub, the branches tetragonous; upper leaves by the

abortion of one of the pair falsely alternate; stipules 2-2.5 mm. long,

triangular, distinct, entire; leaves short-petiolate, the blades rhom-

bic-ovate or lance-ovate, 11-15 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, short-

cuspidate, acute at the base, membranaceous-coriaceous, with 5-6

pairs of veins; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, the flowers col-

lected in a 7-20-flowered head 6-12 mm. in diameter; calyx tubular-

cupular, truncate, entire or obsoletely 4-denticulate; ovary 4-celled,

the cells 1-ovulate.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 415

Appunia tenuiflora (Benth.) Hook. f. in B. & H. Gen. PI. 2:

120. 1873. Coffea tenuiflora Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 232.

1841.

Mene Grande, Zulia, Pittier 10585 (W, Y). Without locality,

Otto 1007 (F). Also in British Guiana.

A shrub 1.5 m. high, the branchlets puberulent; stipules broad,

shortly subulate-acuminate; leaf blades ovate, 5-7.5 cm. long, acu-

minate, cuneate at the base, puberulent beneath; peduncles solitary,

axillary, elongate, the flowers aggregate-corymbose; corolla white,

10 mm. long, the 5 lobes equaling the tube, linear; calyx shallowly

5-dentate; ovary 2-celled; fruit dicoccous, black, the cells 1-seeded.

61. GOUSSAREA Aubl.

Coussarea grandis Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 100.

1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3458 (K),

3485 (K).

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules short, broadly obtuse,

connate into a tube; leaves short-petiolate, the blades coriaceous-

membranaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, 15-23 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide,

long-acuminate, acute at the base; flowers ternate at the ends of

the branches; calyx truncate, with the hypanthium 5-6 mm. long;

corolla 4.5-5 cm. long, puberulent, the lobes almost as long as the

tube; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm. long, acute at each end.

Coussarea leptoloba (B. & H.) Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 468. 1875.

Faramea leptoloba B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 121. 1873.

Described from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce 3141 (photo, in F); and San Carlos on the Rio

Negro, Spruce 3141 •

Branchlets glabrous; stipules short-connate, at the apex multi-

dentate, cuspidate, 2.5-3 mm. long; leaves petiolate, rigid-mem-

branaceous, the blades elliptic-lanceolate, 15-23 cm. long, 5-8 cm.

wide, cuspidate-acuminate, at first pubescent on the veins, with

13-15 pairs of veins; cymes terminal, sessile, scarcely longer than

the petioles, the flowers sessile; calyx lobate, the lobes narrowly

triangular; corolla puberulent, 3 cm. long, the lobes slightly shorter

than the tube.

Coussarea Moritziana (Benth.), comb. nov. Faramea Morit-

ziana Benth. Linnaea 23 : 451. 1850. C. pentamera Karst. Fl. Columb.

2: 13. pi. 107. 1862.

Colonia Tovar, Moritz 1651 (F, G, Y, type collection). Type of

C. pentamera from Puerto Cabello, Karsten. Near Colonia Tovar,

1,200 m., Fendler 1987 (G, K); at 1,800 m., Fendler 577 (G, M, Y),

5776 (G, M, Y). Rio Tuy, below Colonia Tovar, 1,680 m., Aragua,

in humid forest, Pittier 11386 (W, Y). Galipan, 1,600 m., Pittier

9910 (Y).

416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A tree 6-9 m. high, nearly glabrous; stipules short and broad,

more or less cartilaginous; leaves petiolate, the blades ovate to oblong,

mostly 10-15 cm. long, obtuse, acute or subobtuse at the base;

panicles thyrsoid or subcorymbose, dense, the branches opposite,

cymose-umbellate above; calyx truncate; corolla tube 8 mm. long,

the lobes half as long; fruit white, ovoid, 1 cm. long or larger.

Coussarea Sprucei, sp. nov. — Arbor tenuis ramosa 6-9-metralis

praeter inflorescentiam omnino glabra, ramulis gracilibus teretibus

vel in sicco subangulatis pallide olivaceis, internodiis elongatis;

stipulae subpersistentes crassae rotundato-oyatae 2-2.5 mm. longae

granulosae; folia breviter petiolata opposita subcoriacea, petiolo

crassiusculo 5-12 mm. longo; lamina oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga

9-20 cm. longa 3.5-8.5 cm. lata abrupte longe caudato-acuminata,

acumine late lineari 1-1.5 cm. longo obtuso, basi acuta vel interdum

prope basin abrupte contracta et breviter decurrens, supra in sicco

viridis vel fusco-viridis, saepe lucida, costa venisque prominentibus,

subtus paullo pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utro-

que latere 5-9 gracilibus angulo semirecto vel latiore divergentibus

gracilibus leviter curvis vel fere rectis remote a margine conjunctis,

nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis sessilis

vel usque ad 3.5 cm. longe pedunculata erecta thyrsoideo-paniculata

2-5 cm. longa et 1-5 cm. lata densiuscule multiflora, ramis pallidis

verticillatis vel alternis crassiusculis glabris vel obscure pruinoso-

puberulis, floribus odoriferis plerumque subumbellatis, pedicellis

crassiusculis 1-3 mm. longis minutissime puberulis vel glabratis,

bracteis minutis vel obsoletis; hypanthium obovoideum 1.5 mm.

longum puberulum vel glabratum, calyce campanulato 1.5 mm.

longo et aequilato truncato remote obscure denticulato minutissime

puberulo vel glabrato; corolla extus minutissime puberula vel gla-

brata in alabastro 4-angulata attenuata, lobis apice breviter liberis,

tubo 4.5 mm. longo supra paullo dilatato, lobis 4 lineari-oblongis

acute attenuatis 4.5-5 mm. longis patentibus intus glabris; antherae

lineares semiexsertae; stylus breviter exsertus. — Venezuela: In ripis

Casiquiare supra Vasivae ostiam, January, 1854, R. Spruce 3282

(herb. Kew., type). — Brazil: Prope Panure ad Rio Uaupes, October,

1852, Spruce 2486 (herb. Kew.).

There are slight differences between the two collections cited,

but there is little doubt that they represent the same species. In

general appearance Coussarea Sprucei is not unlike C. paniculata

(Vahl) Standl., but in the latter the corolla is obtuse in bud, to

mention only one of several distinguishing characters.

62. FARAMEA Aubl.

Sulzeria odorata R. & S. Syst. Veg. 4: Ix, 707. 1819. Anabata

odorata Humb. ex R. & S. op. cit. 707. 1819.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 417

This plant is the type of the genus Sulzeria R. & S. The type

specimen was collected on the Orinoco near Esmeralda by Humboldt

and Bonpland. The genus is mentioned by Bentham and Hooker

under the Loganiaceae, but Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 676. 1928) lists

it among the Rubiaceae, for what reason he does not explain, with

the suggestion that it may be a Faramea. So far as the brief descrip-

tion indicates, the plant may well belong to that genus. It is de-

scribed as scandent. The plant does not seem to be mentioned in

the detailed account of the HBK. collections.

Faramea angustifolia Spruce ex B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 121.

1873, nomen; Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 471. 1875.

Type collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3075.

Along Lora River, river bank, Pittier 10948 (P), 10958 (B). Prov.

Carabobo, 1,200 m., Funck & Schlim 541 (P). Also in Brazil and

the Guianas.

Stipules connate into a long narrow biaristate sheath; leaf blades

membranaceous, elongate-lanceolate or lance-oblong, 8-17 cm. long,

1-3 cm. wide, long-acuminate, glabrous, with 10-13 pairs of almost

perpendicular veins; cymes terminal, pedunculate, umbellately 5-

rayed, the flowers umbellate; calyx campanulate, minutely 4-dentate;

corolla white, 8-9 mm. long, glabrous, the 4 lobes half as long as

the tube; fruit globose, 8 mm. broad.

Faramea Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 73. 1930.

Prov. MeYida, 2,250 m., Funck & Schlim 1212 (L, P). Tabay,

2,600 m., in forest, Gehriger 429 (F). Also in the mountains of

Colombia.

A large shrub or small tree 3.5-8 m. high, glabrous; stipules as

much as 2 cm. long, long-connate, attenuate, deciduous; leaves short-

petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8-14

cm. long, 3-5.5 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse or acute

at the base, with about 12 pairs of veins; inflorescence cymose-

corymbose, densely many-flowered, sessile and branched from the

base or pedunculate, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long; corolla lobes white,

the tube violet; fruit purple-blue, transversely oval, 10-12 mm.

broad.

Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat.

Paris 5: 176. 1834. Ixora occidentalis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 893.

1759. Faramea odoratissima DC. Prodr. 4: 496. 1830.

Canuabi, near Urama, Carabobo, Pittier 12192 (F, M, W).

Perija, Zulia, Tejera 58 (W). Puerto Cruz, Distrito Federal, 900 m.,

Whitford 55 (G). Limon, 600 m., Jahn 481 (W). Cumana, Funck

632 (K, L). Guaremales, Carabobo, Pittier 8910 (W). Cristobal

Colon, Broadway 446 (W). Without locality, Monte 468 (L). Prov.

Carabobo, Funck & Schlim 568 (P). Extending to Colombia, Mexico,

and the West Indies.

418 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A slender glabrous shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 m. high;

stipules aristate; leaves short-petiolate, thin, the blades oblong or

lance-oblong, short-acuminate, acute at the base; inflorescences

terminal and axillary, few-flowered, corymbose or umbellate, the

flowers long-pedicellate, white, fragrant; corolla glabrous, 2 cm.

long, the linear-lanceolate lobes equaling or longer than the tube;

fruit 1.5 cm. broad, broader than long.

"Jazmin de estrella," "cafecillo de danta."

Faramea orinocensis, sp. nov.— Frutex 3-metralis subdense ut

videtur ramosus omnino glaber, ramulis gracilibus rigidis olivaceis

subteretibus, vetustioribus pallide brunnescentibus, internodiis foliis

brevioribus; stipulae deciduae minutae distinctae vel vix connatae

e basi semiorbiculari abrupte in aristam rigidam erectam 2 mm.

longam desinentes; folia breviter petiolata opposita coriacea flaves-

centi-viridia, petiolo crassiusculo 3-4 mm. longo; lamina ovali-

oblonga vel oblonga saepissime paullo supra medium latissima 4.5-

7.5 cm. longa 2-3.8 cm. lata acuta vel saepius abrupte breviter

producta, acumine late triangulari obtuso, basi acuta, costa venisque

supra prominulis, costa subtus prominente gracili, nervis lateralibus

utrpque latere c. 9 gracillimis prominulis angulo lato abeuntibus

leviter arcuatis vel fere rectis paullo antem marginem conjunctis,

nervulis prominulis arete reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis erecta

c. 3 cm. longe pedunculata 3-4 cm. lata basi umbellatim ramosa,

radiis 4-5 late adscendentibus c. 1 cm. longis gracilibus rectis, apice

umbellatim 2-3-floris, bracteis obsoletis, pedicellis gracilibus rectis

6-9 mm. longis, inflorescentiis rare simpliciter umbellatis et pauci-

floris; hypanthium late obovoideum 1.2 mm. longum basi obtusius-

culum; calyx tubuloso-campanulatus c. 2.7 mm. longus et 2 mm.

latus truncatus; corolla tetramera alba, tubo gracili 13 mm. longo

supra paullo dilatato prope medium 1.2 mm. lato, lobis 15 mm.

longis e basi anguste triangulari longe lineari-attenuatis patentibus

intus glabris; antherae inclusae; corolla in alabastro linearis versus

apicem angustam longissime attenuata. — Venezuela: Banks of the

Orinoco, Raudal de Atures, June 24, 1887, M. Gaillard 18 (herb.

Paris, type).

"Petals slightly violaceous outside; flowers with the odor of

vanilla, this conspicuous about sunset."

In many respects the Venezuelan plant agrees with Faramea

hyacinthina Mart., of Bahia, Brazil, but in that the leaves are cuspi-

date, and the corolla lobes slightly shorter than the tube. From the

somewhat similar F. occidentalis (L.) A. Rich, the present species is

distinguished readily by its chiefly obtuse or acutish leaves.

Faramea sessilifolia (HBK.) DC. Prodr. 4: 497. 1830. Tetra-

merium sessilifolium HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 374. 1819. Ixora

sessilifolia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 409. 1825.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 419

Type collected in forests of the Orinoco between Maipures and

San Fernando de Atabapo, Humboldt & Bonpland.

A glabrous tree; leaves sessile, oblong, coriaceous, 7.5-10 cm.

long, strongly acuminate, cordate, reticulate- veined, shining, paler

beneath; stipules ovate, acuminate-subulate; corymbs terminal,

sessile, trichotomous, divaricately branched, 7.5-10 cm. long, the

flowers ternate, the central one sessile, the lateral ones very shortly

pedicellate; corolla blue, glabrous, the 4 lobes ovate, acute.

Faramea torquata Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 471, 478. 1875; in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 131. 1881.

Region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and Pacimoni, Spruce

3387 (S, type collection).

A glabrous shrub; stipules orbicular-ovate, rounded-obtuse, short-

mucronate, 2-4 mm. long; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the blades

ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 10-22 cm. long, 3.5-8 cm.

wide, caudate-cuspidate, subacute at the base; cymes pedunculate,

umbellately divided, the rays usually 5, each with 3-5 flowers at

the apex, the flowers pedicellate; corolla glabrous, 13 mm. long,

the lobes scarcely one-third as long as the tube.

63. PAGAMEA Aubl.

Pagamea conferta, sp. nov. — Frutex depressus, ramulis crassis,

internodiis brevissimis; stipulae in vaginam truncatam connatae,

vagina setis paucis elongatis onusta; folia coriacea brevissime petio-

lata, lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste lanceolata longissime

acuminata subtus breviter pilosa; flores capitati, capitulis axillaribus

parvis brevissime pedunculatis; calyx minute pilosus, laciniis anguste

oblongo-triangularibus attenuatis hypanthio longioribus.

A low shrub, sprawling over rocks, the older branches stout,

terete, densely covered with leaf scars, fuscous or brownish, the

young branchlets very densely leafy and wholly concealed by the

more or less persistent stipule sheaths; stipules connate into a sheath

about 4 mm. long, this truncate, densely puberulent, bearing at

the margin 4 or more subulate setae 2.5-4 mm. long; leaves very

shortly petiolate, opposite, the petiole 2-3 mm. long, stout, minutely

pilose; leaf blades narrowly lance-oblong or narrowly lanceolate,

4.5-6.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, very long and narrowly acuminate,

obtuse or narrowly rounded at the base, the margins reyolute, lustrous

on the upper surface, pale-puncticulate, sparsely pilosulous along

the prominulous costa, elsewhere glabrous, the veins obsolete, beneath

pale, pilose along the costa and sometimes on the veins with short

soft whitish hairs, the costa slender, elevated, the veins about 8

pairs, ascending at an acute angle, evident but scarcely elevated;

flowers subcapitate, the heads axillary, solitary, few-flowered, about

6 mm. in diameter, the peduncles stout, compressed, sparsely short-

pilose, only 2-3 mm. long, the flowers closely sessile; hypanthium

obpyramidal, 1.2 mm. long, minutely puberulent; calyx 1.5-2 mm.

420 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

long, minutely pilose, the segments narrowly oblong-triangular,

attenuate, suberect, greenish, persistent; corolla white, 4-parted,

sparsely puberulent, very obtuse in bud, 3.5 mm. long, the lobes

oblong, obtuse, twice as long as the tube, densely puberulent within;

anthers short-exserted, oval, 0.8-0.9 mm. long. — Venezuela: Mount

Duida, dry rocky slopes of the Savanna Hills, alt. 1,340 m., G. H.

H. Tate 794 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb. Field

Mus.).

This plant is closely related, uncomfortably so in fact, to P.

capitata Benth., a common species of the lowlands of British Guiana.

It seems reasonably distinct, however, in its smaller and more densely

pubescent leaves, borne on very short petioles, and also in its nearly

sessile inflorescences, the peduncles in P. capitata being usually

1-3 cm. long.

Pagamea coriacea Spruce ex Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1: 110.

1857; Prog, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 61: 287. 1868.

Collected by Spruce near Esmeralda on the Orinoco. Also in

adjacent Brazil.

A tree 6-7.5 m. high, glabrous; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the

blades oval-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, large, subobtuse, about 15 cm.

long, the veins 4-7 pairs; stipule sheath 2.5 cm. long, with short

teeth; panicles about equaling the leaves, the flower clusters inter-

ruptedly spicate, the flowers small and white; calyx 4-dentate, the

teeth ovate, acute; corolla lobes paleaceous-hirtous within; fruit

2-seeded.

Pagamea garryoides, sp. nov. — Frutex humilis, ramulis sub-

teretibus vel tetragonis stipulis persistentibus fere occultis; stipulae

dense albo-pilosae; folia coriacea breviter petiolata, lamina elliptica

vel oblongo-elliptica basi et apice acuta, supra lucida primp subad-

presso-pilosa, subtus pallida dense pilis brevibus patentibus vel

subadpressis pilpsa; flores dense capitato-congesti, capitulis termi-

nalibus et ex axillis superioribus nascentibus, pedunculis simplicibus

vel trichptomis elongatis; calycis laciniae anguste oblongo-trian-

gulares pilosulae attenuatae; corolla 5-fida, laciniis tubo duplo longi-

oribus extus pilosulis intus albo-villosis.

A low shrub, apparently densely branched, the older branches

subterete, ochraceous or brownish, commonly almost hidden by the

persistent stipules, the internodes usually very short but occasion-

ally elongate and then densely pilose with long whitish hairs; stipules

connate into a subtruncate, densely sericeous sheath sometimes 7

mm. long but usually much shorter; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous,

opposite, the petioles stout, sometimes 5-7 but often only 2-3 mm.

long, densely white-pilose; leaf blades elliptic or less frequently

oblong-elliptic, 2-4 cm. long, 1-1.8 cm. wide, acute or subobtuse,

at the base obtuse or acute, lustrous and deep green above, at least

when young covered with subappressed white hairs, beneath paler,

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 421

densely pilose with rather long, spreading or less frequently subap-

pressed, whitish hairs, the stout costa rather prominent, the veins

obsolete; flowers sessile, crowded in dense subglobose many-flowered

heads 7-10 mm. in diameter, usually 3 heads on an elongate terminal

peduncle, or the peduncles sometimes axillary and simple, the primary

peduncles 1.5-3.5 cm. long, the secondary ones mostly less than 1 cm.

long, densely pilose, the primary peduncle usually leafy-bracted at

the insertion of the secondary peduncles; hypanthium obpyramidal,

1.2 mm. long, minutely appressed-pilose; calyx 2.2 mm. long, mi-

nutely hirtellous, the segments narrowly oblong-triangular, attenuate,

acute, 3-nerved ; corolla blue or dull purple, the tube almost glabrous,

2 mm. long, the 5 lobes spreading or somewhat recurved, triangular-

lanceolate, 2 mm. long, acute, minutely pilose outside, densely

white- villous within; stamens exserted, the filaments inserted in the

corolla throat, 1.5 mm. long, the anthers linear-oblong, 1 mm. long. —

Venezuela: Mount Duida, rocks above Cano Negro, Savanna Hills,

alt. 1,260 m., G. H. H. Tate 819 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type;

duplicate in herb. Field Mus.). Brocchinia Hills, 1,350 m., Tate 585

(Y). Slopes of Ridge 24, 1,770 m., Tate 464 (Y).

In its copiously pubescent leaves this differs conspicuously from

most species of the genus. According to the collector, the leaves

when fresh are stiff and shining.

Pagamea hirsuta Spruce ex Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1: 111.

1857; Prog, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 61: 287. 1868.

Collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3137; also

on the Rio Negro above the mouth of the Casiquiare.

Rufous-hirsute throughout; leaves short-petiolate, firm-mem-

branaceous, the blades obovate-elliptic, short-acuminate, 15-20 cm.

long, 5-6.5 cm. wide, with 8-10 pairs of veins, shining above, paler

beneath; stipules connate, 3.5 cm. long, caducous; flower clusters

few, sessile or short-pedunculate at the summit of the peduncle;

calyx subentire; corolla 3 mm. long, the narrow lobes acute, palea-

ceous-villous within; fruit subdidymous.

Pagamea montana Gleason & Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex vel

arbuscula glabra, internodiis abbreviatis; stipulae longe connatae,

vagina truncata apice dentibus 8 brevibus onusta; folia coriacea

petiolata, lamina oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga basi et apice

acuta; pedunculi terminates et ex axillis superioribus nascentes

elongati, floribus in capitulum simplicem parvum dense congestis

sessilibus 4-5-meris; calyx breviter dentatus, dentibus late trian-

gularibus acutiusculis; corollae lobi lanceolati tubo duplo longiores

intus dense albo-villosi.

A shrub or a small tree, sometimes 7.5 m. high, glabrous except

for the corollas, the branches subterete, fuscous or brownish, the

young branchlets often 4-angled, the internodes very short; stipules

connate into a sheath 7-9 mm. long, this narrow, brown, bearing at

the apex 4 slender teeth 0.6 mm. long and 4 others 1-1.4 mm. long,

422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

the stipules soon deciduous; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, the

petioles slender or stout, 3-7 mm. long; leaf blades thick-coriaceous,

oblong or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 3-5.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide,

acute, gradually attenuate to the base, somewhat lustrous above, the

veins obscure, beneath slightly paler, the slender costa elevated,

the veins obsolete; peduncles terminal and produced from the upper

leaf axils, 1-2.5 cm. long, compressed, the numerous sessile flowers

crowded in a dense headlike cluster about 8 mm. in diameter, 4-5-

parted; hypanthium subglobose, the calyx 1 mm. long, shallowly

dentate, the teeth broadly triangular, acutish, separated by broad

rounded sinuses; corolla glabrous outside, the tube 1.3 mm. long,

the lobes lanceolate, fleshy, 3.2 mm. long, spreading, densely white-

villous within; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, the erect

filaments 1.4 mm. long, the anthers oblong-elliptic, 1.4 mm. long;

style 2.7 mm. long, minutely pubescent, the 2 stigmas narrowly

elliptic, almost 1 mm. long. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, dry ridge

tops, Savanna Hills, alt. 1,340 m., G. H. H. Tate 803 (herb. N. Y.

Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb. Field Mus.). Agiiita, 1,140 m.,

Tate 926 (F, Y).

This species is related to P. coriacea Benth., which grows in the

lowlands of the same general region. The latter has obtuse leaves,

ovate calyx lobes, longer stipules, and branched peduncles.

Pagamea sessiliflora Spruce ex Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1:

110. 1857; Prog, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 61: 285. 1868.

Type collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3045

(photo, in F).

A shrub or small tree 2-4.5 m. high, glabrous; stipules broad,

membranaceous, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous,

the blades oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 5-6.5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm.

wide, acuminate; flower clusters sessile among the upper leaves;

calyx 4-5-dentate, the teeth linear; corolla pale green, the lobes

villous within; fruit ovoid-globose, 2-seeded, 6-8 mm. in diameter.

Pagamea thyrsiflora Spruce ex Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1: 110.

1857; Prog, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 61: 286. pi. 81,f.l. 1868.

Type collected in humid forest near San Carlos on the Rio Negro,

Spruce 2957.

A shrub 2-4.5 m. high, glabrous, densely branched; leaves petio-

late, the blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at each

end; flower clusters pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate; calyx lobes

ovate, acute; corolla white, the lobes covered within with very short

paleae; fruit 5-celled, 5-seeded, obovoid-globose.

64. GEOPHILA Don

Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 44:

119. 1891. Psychotria herbacea Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 423

Cephaelis reniformis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 377. 1819. Mapouria

herbacea Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 427. 1881.

Mount Duida, foothills camp, 225 m., Tate 395 (Y). Near San

Fernando de Atabapo, Gaillard 270 (P). Reported by Mueller (loc.

cit.) from the mouth of the Rio Casiquiare, Spruce 3524- Cephaelis

reniformis was based in part upon a specimen from Javita, Humboldt

& Bonpland. The species is widely distributed in the lowlands of

tropical America.

A creeping perennial herb; leaves slender-petioled, the blades

rounded or ovate, cordate, obtuse, sparsely pilose beneath on the

veins or almost glabrous; flowers capitate, the heads small, few-

flowered, pedunculate, surrounded by an involucre of triangular

green bracts 5-7 mm. long; calyx 2.5-3 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate,

acuminate; corolla white, 11 mm. long, hispidulous; fruits red or

at maturity black, 5 mm. long, the nutlets usually spirally contorted.

The plant is one of the common weeds in the lowlands of tropical

America, often growing in great abundance in banana plantations.

It appears to be rare in northern Venezuela, however, or else it has

been disregarded by collectors, which is not probable.

Geophila tenuis (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 77.

1930. Mapouria tenuis Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 425. 1881.

Type collected along the Rio Negro above the mouth of the Rio

Casiquiare, Spruce 3524-

Plants usually smaller and more slender than in G. herbacea;

leaf blades ovate, acute, 12-20 mm. long, cordate at the base, densely

villous above; heads pedunculate, 2-3-flowered, the outer bracts

lanceolate, 3-fid; pedicels equaling the hypanthium; calyx lobes

lance-linear, about three times as long as the ovary.

Geophila trichogyne (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Mapouria

trichogyne Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 426. 1881.

Esmeralda, 100 m., Tate 1006 (Y). Also in the Amazon Valley

of Brazil and Peru.

Stipules orbicular-ovate, obtuse; leaf blades triangular-ovate,

3.5-5.5 cm. long or larger, acuminate, cordate at the base, villous;

cymes short-pedunculate, 5-8-flpwered, the outer bracts ovate-lanceo-

late, acuminate, trifid, the pedicels equaling the hypanthium; calyx

lobes twice as long as the villous hypanthium, lance-linear, villous-

ciliate.

65. CEPHAELIS Sw.

Cephaelis aneurophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 63. 1930.

Between Maracay and Choroni, 750 m., Fendlerl979 (G, type; K).

Branches glabrous; leaves very shortly petiolate, subcoriaceous,

the blades glabrous, narrowly oblanceolate-oblong or narrowly

elliptic-oblong, 8-14 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, acuminate, long-

424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

attenuate to the truncate or subcordate base, with rounded auricles,

conspicuously marginate, whitish beneath, the veins obsolete; inflores-

cences axillary, long-pedunculate, composed of 3 pedunculate heads;

heads dense, many-flowered, 1 cm. broad, the outer bracts rounded,

7-8 mm. long; calyx 5-parted, the lobes narrowly oblong, obtuse;

fruit red, oval or subglobose, 7-9 mm. long, glabrous, the nutlets

obtusely 3-costate.

Cephaelis anisopoda, sp. nov. — Frutex 2-4-metralis ut videtur

copiose ramosus, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus ochraceis, novellis

dense sordide puberulis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae

persistentes in vaginam 2 mm. longam dense puberulam connatae,

vagina in lobos 4 lineares erectos 3 mm. longos puberulos desinente;

folia parva crasse membranacea breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo

gracili 3-8 mm. longo puberulo; lamina anguste lanceolato-oblonga

prope medium latissima 4.5-8 cm. longa, 0.8-1.8 cm. lata longissime

attenuato-acuminata, acumine angustissimo, basin versus longe

attenuata, supra in sicco fusco-viridis, glabra, costa venisque non

elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior, ad costam gracilem prominentem

hispidulo-puberula, aliter glabra, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

c. 9 obliquis tenerrimis prominulis angulo lato adscendentibus arcua-

tis in marginem desinentibus, neryulis paucis inconspicuis laxe vel

non reticulatis; flores capitati sessiles, capitulis numerosis peduncu-

latis vel sessilibus solitariis vel rarius geminatis c. 1 cm. latis, pedun-

culis valde inaequalibus usque ad 8 mm. longis interdum recurvis

crassiusculis puberulis, bracteis subaequalibus vel interioribus paullo

breyioribus 5-6 mm. longis lanceolato-oblongis acutis vel acutiusculis

in sicco pallidis, exterioribus dorso puberulis, interioribus fere aequi-

latis glabris vel glabratis, capitulis dense paucifloris; hypanthium

turbinatum glabrum 1 mm. longum, calyce aequilongo profunde

dentato, dentibus triangularibus acutis glabris; corolla alba extus

glabra in alabastro apice obtusa 5-7 mm. longa, tubo crassiusculo

recto, lobis 4 patentibus pblongis obtusis intus glabris ,tubo duplo

brevioribus; antherae semiexsertae; stylus breviter exsertus. — Vene-

zuela: Tabay, alt. 2,300 m., in forest in a humid quebrada, August

30, 1930, W. Gehriger 380 (herb. Field Mus. No. 625,576, type).

According to the collector, the fruit is colored violet. Among

the Venezuelan species of the genus, Cephaelis anisopoda is isolated

in most of its characters, and it is not closely related, so far as I know,

to any of the species of adjacent regions. It is remarkable for the

very small flower heads, which are produced at most of the nodes;

also for its small and exceptionally narrow leaves.

Cephaelis axillaris Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. Tapo-

gomea axillaris Poir. Encycl. 7: 585. 1806. Evea axillaris Standl.

Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916.

Colonia Tovar, 2,100 m., Pittier 9314 (G, W), 10008 (G, W);

1,800-2,000 m., Allart 323 (W, Y); 1,800-2,100 m., Fendler 571

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 425

(G, M); in forest, Woronow 7481 (L). Tabay, 2,300 m., moist

ravine, Gehriger 386 (F). Ranging to Colombia, Central America,

and the West Indies.

A glabrous shrub commonly about 1 m. high; stipules persistent,

green, bilobate, the short lobes obtuse or acute; leaves short-petiolate,

the blades obovate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, attenuate to the

base; flower heads small, axillary, sessile, subglobose, 1.5-2 cm. in

diameter; bracts 4-6, ovate, obtuse, shorter than the flowers; calyx

5-dentate; corolla white; fruit blue or violet-blue.

Gephaelis barcellana (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:

184. 1930. Psychotria barcellana Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65:

369. 1881.

Reported by Mueller (loc. cit.) from Esmeralda, Spruce 3421.

Tamatama, Amazonas, 100 m., Holt & Gehriger 268 (F). Agiiita,

Mount Duida, 1,200 m., Tate 921 (Y). Esmeralda, 100 m., Tate

371 (Y). Also in Amazonian Brazil.

Closely similar to Cephaelis tomentosa, but distinguished especially

by the pubescence of the leaves, that along the veins on the lower

surface consisting of long, closely appressed hairs; in C. tomentosa

the hairs are lax and widely spreading.

The species may represent only a variety of C. tomentosa, although

it is easy to distinguish the two forms. In the collection from Mount

Duida the bracts have elongate, green tips. I have seen similar speci-

mens of this and C. tomentosa from other regions, and am inclined to

believe that they represent only a minor variation of the species,

although they may be of greater significance.

Cephaelis blepharophora, sp. nov. — Frutex ramosus, ramulis

crassiusculis obtuse tetragonis vel in sicco compressis et fuscis glabris

vel ad sulcos infra nodos hispidis vel hispidulis, internodiis 7-13 cm.

longis; stipulae persistentes erectae alte connatae glabrae vel prope

basin hispidulae, parte vaginali 7-8 mm. longa et 1 cm. lata subtrun-

cata in lobos 4 anguste triangulari-oblongos 1 cm. longos attenuates

apice obtusos desinente, lobis erectis densissime pilis ochraceis

ciliatis; folia crasse membranacea breviter petiolata opposita, petiplo

gracili 12-20 mm. longo sparse adpresso-pilosulo; lamina elliptica

vel oblongo-elliptica 16-19 cm. longa 6-8 cm. lata abrupte breviterque

acuminata, acumine triangulari attenuate, basi acuta, supra laete

viridis, tantum ad costam leyiter sulcatam sparse villoso-pilosa,

aliter glabra, subtus paullo pallidior, ad costam et sparsius ad nervos

hispido-pilosa, inter nervos glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis late-

ralibus utroque latere c. 17 gracilibus prominentibus angulo fere recto

adscendentibus valde arcuatis in marginem desinentibus, nervulis

prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae capitatae axillares arete

sessiles densae multiflorae c. 2 cm. longae et fere aequilatae; bracteae

numerosae fere liberae coriaceae glabrae sed dense ciliatae, exteri-

oribus saepe lucidis costatis oblongo-lanceolatis usque ad 2.5 cm.

426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

longis longe attenuates, interioribus conformibus fere aequilongis

flores arete involventibus rigidis; flores sessiles, hypanthio cylindraceo

1 mm. longo glabro; calyx 1.5 mm. longus breviter 5-dentatus, tubo

late campanulato glabro, dentibus tubo duplo brevioribus triangu-

laribus remotis inaequalibus acutis erectis; corolla violacea extus

glabra tubulosa, tubo gracili 15 mm. longo supra vix vel non dilatato,

lobis 5 minutis 1.5 mm. longis obtusis adscendentibus intus glabris;

antherae breviter exsertae lineari-oblongae 2-2.5 mm. longae.—

Venezuela: Tabay, alt. 2,300-2,400 m., August 30, 1930, Gehriger

387 (herb. Field Mus. No. 625,573, type).

The relationship of the plant is with Cephaelis axillaris Sw., a

common species of tropical America. That is distinguished con-

spicuously by the size of the flower heads, and it differs also in floral

details.

Cephaelis botryocephala Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 63. 1930.

El Portachuelo, between Maracay and Ocumare de la Costa,

Miranda, Pittier 10133 (W, type; Y), 11364 (P, W, Y). Between

Agua Blanca and Cumbote, 1,500 m., Fendler 2554 (G). Prov.

Barquisimeto, Funck & Schlim 688 (P).

A shrub 1.5-2.5 m. high, the branches glabrous; stipules persistent,

6-7 mm. long, short-bifid at the apex, the lobes broad, obtuse; leaves

petiolate, the blades oblong-elliptic or oval, 7-17.5 cm. long, 2.5-9.5

cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, cuneately acute at the base or rarely

obtuse or subrounded, glabrous; flower heads axillary, fasciculate

or short-pedunculate and arranged in short racemes, the heads

recurved, 1-1.4 cm. long; bracts distinct, purple, broadly oval or

rounded, glabrous, ciliolate; calyx 1.5 mm. long, the 5 lobes rounded,

ciliolate; corolla yellow, glabrous outside, the tube 8 mm. long, the

lobes acute, 2 mm. long.

Cephaelis Ernesti Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 210.

1914.

Type from Mount Roraima, in forest at 1,900 m., Vie 8771

(photo, and fragm. ex herb. Berol. in F).

A shrub 1-4 m. high, glabrous except in the inflorescence; stipule

tube persistent, 4-6 mm. long, bearing at the apex several subulate

acute teeth 2-2.5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades nar-

rowly oblong or qblanceolate-oblong, thinly coriaceous, 6-10 cm.

long, 2-2.7 cm. wide, acuminate, at the base acute or subobtuse;

flowers arranged in terminal ternate heads, the peduncles 1.5-2 cm.

long; bracts rounded-ovate, short-acuminate, 4-6 mm. long; calyx

several-dentate; corolla white, the tube 8-10 mm. long, the lobes

several times shorter than the tube; fruit ovoid-globose, 6-8 mm.

long.

Cephaelis Humboldtiana Cham. Linnaea 4: 136. 1829. Psy-

chotria Humboldtiana Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 333. 1881.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 427

Type from Javita, Humboldt & Bonpland; represented in herb.

Field Mus. by a photograph of the type, ex herb. Berol.

Glabrous or nearly so; stipules short-connate, the lobes lance-

subulate; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades lance-elliptic

or narrower, 7-8 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, cuspidate, with 12-14

pairs of veins; inflorescence terminal, headlike, composed of 3 heads;

bracts ovate or rounded, entire or lobed, obtuse, glabrous, reddish;

calyx 5-lobate, the lobes lanceolate; corolla puberulent, the lobes

scarcely one-third as long as the tube.

Cephaelis Humboldtiana Cham., var. ornata (Muell. Arg.),

comb. nov. Psychotria Humboldtiana var. ornata Muell. Arg. in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 334. 1881.

Type from the Rio Pacimoni, Spruce 3411- Mueller reports also

Spruce 3074 from San Carlos. The variety grows also in Amazonian

Brazil.

Leaves larger, the blades 8-14 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, with

15-20 pairs of veins; stipules 5 mm. long; corolla 15 mm. long.

Cephaelis iodotricha (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria

iodotricha Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 375. 1881.

Type from the Rio Casiquiare, Spruce 3274- Mueller reports

also Spruce 3397 from the Rio Pacimoni.

Suffrutescent, the branches retrorse-hispid with bluish hairs;

stipules 4 mm. long, short-connate, the lobes lance-triangular, seta-

ceous-acuminate; leaves subsessile, membranaceous, lance-acuminate,

5-8 cm. long, 1.2-2.2 cm. wide, obliquely obtuse at the base; heads

terminal and axillary, sessile, about 5-flowered, the involucre cuplike,

deeply 5-8-lobed, the lobes setaceous-acuminate, 5-8 mm. long;

bracts spatulate; calyx lobes linear-setaceous, plumose; corolla as

long as the calyx, hispid above, the lobes one-third as long as the tube.

Cephaelis macrocarpa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 64. 1930.

Near Colonia Tovar, 1,500 m., Fendler 1990 (G, type; K). Puerto

La Cruz, Distrito Federal, Pittier 8079 (F). Prov. Carabobo, Funck

& Schlim 625 (P).

Glabrous or nearly so; stipules persistent, 5-6 mm. long, connate,

bidentate at the apex, the teeth subulate, 1 mm. long; leaves petiolate,

subcoriaceous, the blades narrowly oblong or lance-oblong, 9.5-17 cm.

long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, acuminate or long-acuminate, narrowed to

the acute base; heads terminal or pseudo-axillary, long-pedunculate,

simple, densely few-flowered; outer bracts 2, broadly ovate, obtuse,

8 mm. long1, glabrous, ciliate, the inner slightly shorter, oval to lanceo-

late; calyx 4-5 mm. long, 5-dentate; fruit subglobose, 12 mm. long.

Cephaelis microcephala H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 214.

1819. C. prunifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 377. 1819. Psy-

chotria microcephala Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 351. 1881.

428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Type collected along the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland (photo,

ex herb. Berol. in herb. Field Mus.).

Glabrous or nearly so; stipules setaceous, connate at the base;

leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic, 3.5-4.5 cm. long, 2.5-2.7

cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, with 6-8 pairs of veins; heads

chiefly terminal, short-pedunculate, 3-4-flowered, the bracts of the

involucre 4, subequal, short-connate, linear-lanceolate, yellowish;

calyx minutely and irregularly dentate; corolla 15 mm. long, glabrous,

the lobes scarcely one-third as long as the tube.

Cephaelis microcephala H. & B., var. tripotamica (Muell.

Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria microcephala var. tripotamica Muell.

Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 352. 1881.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and Paci-

moni, Spruce 3169.

Leaf blades larger, oblong-elliptic, glaucescent beneath, 6-9 cm.

long, 2.2-3.5 cm. wide, the veins sparsely and minutely puberulent

beneath; involucre almost 2 cm. long; calyx 2 mm. long; fruit 6 mm.

long and 3 mm. broad.

Cephaelis muscosa (Jacq.) Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.

Morinda muscosa Jacq. Hist. Stirp. Amer. 65. pi. 45. 1763.

San Juan Mountain, Margarita Island, 500 m., Johnston 113

(F, W). Also in the West Indies and Central America.

A glabrous shrub 2-3 m. high; leaves shprt-petiolate, lanceolate

to elliptic-oblong, 8-11 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, acuminate; stipules

persistent, bidentate; heads axillary, sessile or nearly so, 10-13 mm.

in diameter; bracts about 4, purplish, dentate; calyx 5-dentate;

corolla white; fruit subglobose, 1-1.5 cm. long.

Cephaelis pubescens Hoffmannsegg ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5:

213. 1819. C. bracteocardia DC. Prodr. 4: 534. 1830. Psychotria

bracteocardia Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 362. 1881.

Santa Catalina, Rusby & Squires 221 (F, M, W), 224 (F, M, W).

Perija, Zulia, Tejera 129 (G). Without locality, Passarge & Selwyn

718 (B). Banks of the Orinoco, Chaffanjon (P). Also in Brazil.

A shrub, the branchlets pubescent or tomentose; stipules 8-10

mm. long, setaceous-acuminate from a triangular base; leaves short-

petiolate, thin, the blades lance-elliptic, 12-17 cm. long, 3-6.5 cm.

wide, acuminate, acute at the base, densely puberulent or pubescent,

with 13-16 pairs of oblique veins; heads terminal, pedunculate, the

2 showy bracts free, red, cordate at the base, pubescent, obtusely

acuminate, about 2 cm. long and almost as wide; calyx cupular,

5-dentate; corolla 5 mm. long, pubescent, the lobes one-fourth as

long as the tube; fruit subglobose, 2.5-3 mm. long.

Cephaelis rosea Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 224. 1841.

Psychotria rosea Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 360. 1881.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 429

Reported by Mueller (loc. cit.) from San Gabriel, Spruce 2057;

and from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiya, and Pacimoni,

Spruce 3355. Also in adjacent Brazil and the Guianas.

Almost glabrous; stipules 6 mm. long, short-connate, lance-linear;

leaves short-petiolate, rigidly membranaceous, the blades ovate-

lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 12-18 cm. long, 4-6.5 cm. wide,

cuspidate, narrowed to the base, minutely puberulent beneath along

the veins; heads terminal, short-pedunculate, glabrate, the 2 outer

bracts broader than long, 3-3.5 cm. wide and about 2 cm. long,

subcordate at the base, glabrous outside; calyx 5-fid, the lobes lanceo-

late or ovate, unequal; corolla glabrate, 7 mm. long.

Cephaelis ruellioides Oliver ex Ule, Bot. Jahrb. 52: Beibl. 115:

49. 1914; Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 675. 1928.— This is a name only,

reported for a plant of Mount Roraima. I have seen no material

so labeled.

Cephaelis salicifolia H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 214.

1819; HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 376. 1819. Evea lucentifolia Blake,

Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 532. pi. 42. 1924.

Type from Mount Cocollar at 800 m., Humboldt & Bonpland

(photo, ex herb. Berol. in herb. Field Mus.). Guaremales, road from

Puerto Cabello to San Felipe, Carabobo, in forest, 10-100 m., Pittier

8911 (W, type of Evea lucentifolia). Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m.,

Fendler 570 (G, K, M). Chacaito Gorge near Caracas, E. Pittier

189 (G) ; Pittier 10331 (G, W, Y). Upper Carrasqual Valley, Distrito

Federal, Pittier 11945 (W, Y). Alto de Macanilla, Miranda, 700 m.,

John 1285 (W, Y). Valley of Patanemo, Carabobo, Pittier 8653

(G, W). Caracas, Linden 278 (K). Cumana, Funck 642 (K, P).

Without locality, Moritz 463 (L). Puerto Cabello, Karsten (L).

Montalban, Prov. Carabobo, Funck & Schlim 642 (P). Guanaguana,

Funck 642 (P). High Andes of Trujillo and Me"rida, Linden 278

(P). Prov. Carabobo, Funck & Schlim 539 (P).

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree, usually 1-2 m. high, accord-

ing to Humboldt and Bonpland a tree 6 m. high; stipules short-

connate, the lobes setaceous, 5-8 mm. long; leaves lustrous, thin

but firm, subsessile, ovate to lance-ovate, mostly 6-10 cm. long,

acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base; heads terminal, pedun-

culate, the outer bracts about 2 cm. long and 6-10 mm. wide, white

turning purple or violet, acute or acuminate; calyx small, unequally

5-dentate; corolla white, about 18 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so,

the lobes 5 mm. long; fruit blue.

Cephaelis sororiella (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:

80. 1930. Psychotria sororiella Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 68:

375. 1881.

Type collected on the Rio Negro near San Carlos, Spruce 3682,

3076.

Branchlets and peduncles sparsely pubescent; leaf blades firmly

membranaceous, broadly lanceolate, 7-14 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide,

430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

sparsely pubescent beneath on the veins, the veins about 12 pairs;

stipules linear-lanceolate; heads terminal, short-pedunculate, the

4 outer bracts lance-ovate, united at the base, 13-15 mm. long;

calyx 5-dentate; corolla hirtous above, the lobes one-third as long

as the tube.

Cephaelis stipulosa (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria

stipulosa Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 334. 1881.

Type from the region of the rivers Vasiva and Pacimoni on the

Rio Negro, Spruce 3382.

Glabrous throughout; stipules 3 cm. long, broadly ovate, bilobate,

the lobes obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, the blades membranaceous-

coriaceous, lance-elliptic, 16-21 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, with 22-28

pairs of veins, short-acuminate, narrowed at the base; flower head

depressed-globose-ovoid, terminal, about 22 mm. wide and 18 mm.

long, composed of 9-10 secondary heads; outer bracts orbicular-

ovate, obtuse; calyx truncate; corolla 5 mm. long, glabrous outside.

Cephaelis Swartzii DC. Prodr. 4: 534. 1830.

Caracas, Birschel (G). Between Petaquire and the sea, 1,500 m.,

Fendler 1977 (G). Also in the West Indies.

A glabrous shrub; stipule sheath truncate or bifid; leaf blades

elliptic-oblong, 7-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate; heads terminal,

pedunculate, 1-2 cm. broad; outer bracts ovate-rounded, blue, the

inner ones rounded or obsoletely lobed at the apex; corolla and fruits

blue.

Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796.

Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 160. pi. 61. 1775.

Caripe, Funck 87 (P). Perija, Zulia, Tejera 256 (W). Colon,

Tachira, 1,200 m., deBellard 34 (W). Between Valencia and Cam-

panero, 1,800 m., Fendler 2339 (G). San Cristobal, Prov. M&ida,

Linden 713 (L). Cumana, Funck 77 (L). Ejido, Mocquerys 1034

(P). Lora River, in forest, Pittier 10915 (P). Ranging from Mexico

to Bolivia.

A slender shrub sometimes 5 m. high but usually much smaller,

copiously hirsute throughout with coarse spreading hairs; leaf blades

thin, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, large, long-acuminate; flower heads

terminal, pedunculate, dense and many-flowered, the 2 outer bracts

large, deep red, saccate at the base, much exceeding the flowers;

corollas yellow; fruit bright blue.

Cephaelis violacea (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PL 1: 977. 1797. Tapo-

gomea violacea Aubl. PL Guian. 1: 157. pi. 60. 1775.

Santa Catalina, Rusby & Squires 220 (F, M, W). Also in Colom-

bia and the Guianas.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules broad, obtuse; leaves

short-petiolate, the blades oval to elliptic-oblong, acuminate; heads

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 431

large, terminal, sessile; bracts about 5, green or violet; corolla yel-

lowish white; fruit blue.

66. DECLIEUXIA HBK.

Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 279. 1891.

Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 527. 1818. D.

chiococcoides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 354. pi. 281. 1820. D. mexi-

cana DC. Prodr. 4: 479. 1830.

Type from Caripe, Humboldt; the same collection probably is

the type of D. chiococcoides. Without locality, Warming 161 (W);

Eggers 1 321 2a ( W) . Nagua-Nagua, Warming 157 (W). High moun-

tains north of Caracas, 1,800 m., Eggers 13212 (W). Upper Cotiza,

near Caracas, Pittier 7402 (W). Avila savannas, near Caracas,

800-1,500 m., Pittier 9525 (G, Y). Quirora, Me"rida, 1,800 m.,

Jahn 694 (G, Y). Colonia Tovar, 1,350-2,100 m., Fendler 611

(G, M). Galipan, 1,500 m., Kuntze 1545 (W). El Avila, above

Caracas, Woronow 7402 (L), 7397 (L). Between Turmero and Chuao,

1,200 m., Preussl656 (B). Without locality, Funck 433 (F). Sabanas

de Cujicito, 300 m., sunny sandy places, Saer 542 (F). Sabana de

Atures, Gaillard 48 (P). Atures, Chaff anjon 203 (P). Mariquita,

Chaff anj on (P). Growing usually in savannas or on exposed grassy

slopes. Ranging from Central America to Brazil.

A low perennial, erect, herbaceous or suffrutescent, glabrous or

nearly so, commonly about 30 cm. high; leaves opposite or ternate,

oblong-elliptic, sessile, acute, narrowed to the base; flowers small,

white or purplish, arranged in umbellate cymes; fruit didymous,

2-celled, the cells 1-seeded.

The plant is a somewhat variable one, but the forms do not appear

to be sufficiently distinct to deserve recognition by name.

I have not seen the description of Declieuxia Alfredi Ernst, Rev.

Cient. Mens. Univ. Venez. 1: 222. 1867. If it is referred to the

proper genus, probably the plant should be considered a synonym of

D. fruticosa, the only species represented by recent collections from

Venezuela.

67. RUDGEA Salisb.

Rudgea apodantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 72. 1930.

Near Colonia Tovar, 1,200 m., Fendler 1993 (G, type; K).

Branchlets glabrous; stipules persistent, rounded-ovate, 3-4 mm.

long, rounded at the apex and furnished with a few thickened

setae 5-6 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate-

oblong, 11-20 cm. long, 4.5-8 cm. wide, acute or obtuse and abruptly

acuminate, narrowed to the obtuse base, glabrous above, pale beneath

and minutely scaberulous or glabrous; inflorescence terminal, sessile,

capitate, few-flowered; fruit black, obovoid-globose, 12 mm. long.

432 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Rudgea cornifolia (H. & B.), comb. nov. Psychotria cornifolia

H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 191. 1819; HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp.

3: 362. 1819. P. orinocensis DC. Prodr. 4: 512. 1830. P. fimbriata

Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 226. 1841. R. micrantha Muell.

Arg. Flora 59: 454. 1876. R. fimbriata Standl. in Standl. & Cald.

Lista PI. Salv. 274. 1920.

Type collected near Maipures, on the Orinoco, Humboldt &

Bonpland. Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 97 (F, M, W). San Antonio

de Orinoco, Amazonas, 100 m., humid forest, Holt & Gehriger 249

(F). Ranging to Brazil, Bolivia, and Central America.

A glabrous shrub; stipules triangular-ovate, incised-laciniate;

leaves subsessile, broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 8-15 cm. long,

acuminate, obtuse at the base or even rounded; inflorescence cymose-

paniculate, small, broad, many-flowered, the flowers sessile or nearly

so; calyx minutely 5-dentate; corolla white, 5-7 mm. long, the lobes

longer than the tube; fruit ellipsoid, 5-8 mm. long.

In the herbarium of Field Museum there is a photograph of the type

specimen of Psychotria cornifolia (in herb. Berol.), and examination

of this leaves scant doubt that the plant is the widely distributed

species to which the name Rudgea fimbriata has been applied recently.

Rudgea crassiloba (Benth.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45:

408. 1910. Coffea crassiloba Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 233.

1841.

Four km. northeast of Santa Bdrbara, Christ 20 (W). Also in

the Guianas.

A glabrous shrub; stipules broad, cartilaginous, fimbriate at the

apex; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oval-oblong, acuminate,

cuneate at the base, coriaceous, shining; inflorescence terminal,

short-pedunculate, the flowers sessile, capitate-corymbose; calyx

deeply 4-parted, the lobes obtuse; corolla 8 mm. long, white, 4-cornic-

ulate at the apex in bud, the lobes equaling the tube.

Rudgea fissistipula Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 449, 460. 1876; in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 6s: 169. pi. 22, f. 1. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3683.

Branchlets minutely puberulent; stipules 19-22 mm. long, obo-

vate, cleft to below the middle into numerous subulate lobes; leaves

short-petiolate, ovate, 25-32 cm. long, 15-18 cm. wide, cuspidate,

abruptly contracted at the base, glabrous; panicles short-pedunculate,

small and dense, the flowers crowded; calyx lobes ovate-triangular,

acuminate, ciliolate; corolla 6-7 cm. long, papillose, the lobes 8-9

mm. long.

Rudgea Hostmanniana Benth. Linnaea 23: 459. 1850.

Catalina, Rusby & Squires 209 (F, B, M, W). Limon, 800 m.,

John 480 (W), 479 (W). Caruao Valley, Distrito Federal, Pittier

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 433

11840 (P, W, Y). Palmasola, Lara, at sea level, Pittier 6869 (W,

Y). Puerto Cabello to San Felipe, Carabobo, Pittier 8881 (G,

W, Y). Near Colonia Tovar, 900 m., Fendler 1992 (G). Without

locality, John 551 (Y). Prov. Carabobo, F unck & Schlim 570 (L, P).

Also in the Guianas and Trinidad.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 4 m. high, with a trunk 7 cm.

in diameter; stipules indurate, dentate; leaves coriaceous, petiolate,

the blades obovate to oblong-elliptic, mostly 10-20 cm. long and 4-10

cm. wide, acute or obtuse, narrowed to the base, glabrous; panicles

small and white, the flowers sessile, clustered; calyx lobes 5, trian-

gular; corolla 8 mm. long, corniculate at the apex in bud, the lobes

longer than the tube, the throat barbate; fruit red or black, oval,

1 cm. in diameter.

"Fruta de paloma."

Rudgea Karstenii, sp. nov. — Ut videtur dense ramosa, omnino

glabra, ramulis crassiusculis ad nodos saepe incrassatis subteretibus,

vetustioribus ochraceis, novellis lutescentibus et striatis, internodiis

brevibus; stipulae 1.5-2 mm. longae primo dorso aculeolis numerosis

brevibus subulatis onustae, aculeolis serius deciduis, parte persisterite

indurata et lucida subtruncata vel late rotundata; folia breviter

petiolata opposita, petiolo crassiusculo 1.5-3 mm. longo; lamina

coriacea anguste elliptico-oblonga vel oblanceolato-oblonga 3-7 cm.

longa 1-3 cm. lata, versus apicem obtusum paullo angustata, basin

versus longius angustata, basi ipsa acuta, in sicco luteo-viridis, supra

lucida, costa elevata, venis inconspicuis et vix elevatis, subtus fere

concolpr, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 9

obliquis vel angulo lato adscendentibus gracilibus prominentibus

fere rectis vel leviter curvis remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis

prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia parva terminalis foliis multo

brevior 7-10 mm. longe pedunculata trichotoma, c. 1 cm. longa et

aequilata, ramis 3 vulgo trifloris, floribus sessilibus vel 1-2 mm. longe

pedicellatis, bracteis minutis triangularibus; hypanthium anguste

obconicum 1 mm. longum glabrum, calyce campanulato 1.5 mm.

longo truncato vel obscure repando-denticulato; fructus ellipsoideus

glaber 5.5 mm. longus basi et apice rotundatus, pyrenis 2 dorso obtuse

5-costatis facie interiore planis. — Venezuela: Colonia Tovar, H.

Karsten (herb. Leningrad, type).

The plant is noteworthy for its small and narrow, coriaceous,

yellowish green leaves.

Coffea laurifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 372. 1819, non

Salisb.

Type collected between Javita and San Baltazar, in moist forest

(Misiones del Orinoco), Humboldt & Bonpland.

The stipules are described as "ciliolate-multifid," and the plant

is, therefore, probably a species of Rudgea.

434 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Rudgea maypurensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 72. 1930.

Type from Maipures, frequent in granitic mountains, Spruce

3615 (K, type).

A shrub 1.5-2.5 m. high, the branches glabrous; stipules sub-

persistent, 3-^4 mm. long, subtruncate and provided at the apex

with a few rigid setae 3-4 mm. long; leaves subsessile, rigid-coria-

ceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 4.5-6.5 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide,

obtuse or acutish, usually emarginate at the base, glabrous, pale

beneath; inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, subcapitate-race-

mose, 3-4 cm. long; calyx lobes oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse or

acute, ciliate; fruit red, subglobose, 6 mm. long, glabrous.

Rudgea spicata Schum. ex Ule, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: Beibl.

115: 51. 1914; Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 674. 1928.

This is merely a name applied to a plant reported from Mount

Roraima by Ule. The species has not been described, and I have

seen no material of it.

Rudgea Woronovii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 155. 1930.

Sutinga, edge of forest, Koch-Grunberg 77 (B). Also in Colombia

and Peru.

Stipules persistent, 3-4 cm. long, deeply multilaciniate; leaves

short-petiolate, the blades membranaceous, oblong-obovate, about

30 cm. long and 12.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, cuneate-attenuate

to the base, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, thyrsoid-paniculate,

long-pedunculate, 8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, laxly many-flowered,

the branches minutely puberulent or almost glabrous, the pedicels

1-2 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 3-3.5 mm. long, conspicuously

costate.

68. PSYCHOTRIA L.

Psychotria alba R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 58. pi 205, /. a. 1799.

P. densiflora H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. P. patula

Willd. ex R. & S. loc. cit. P. ardisiaefolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp.

3: 359. 1819. Mapouria alba Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 458. 1876.

Colonia Tovar, Karsten (L). Llanos de Apure, 1893-94, Geay

(P). Ranging from Central America to Brazil and Bolivia.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules large, commonly

obtuse, brown, caducous; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, usually

broadest at or slightly above the middle, acute or acuminate, acute

at the base, glabrous or puberulent beneath along the veins; inflores-

cence terminal, pedunculate, glabrous or minutely puberulent, panic-

ulate, open, many-flowered, radiately branched at the base, the bracts

inconspicuous and deciduous; flowers short-pedicellate, the pedicels

frequently elongate in fruit; corolla white, 4 mm. long, minutely

puberulent or glabrous; fruit subglobose, 4.5 mm. long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 435

Psychotria araguana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 68. 1930.

El Portachuelo, on the road from Maracay to Ocumare, Aragua,

in humid forest, 1,100 m., Pittier 11828 (W, type). San Juan de

los Morros, Aragua, Pittier 10126 (W).

A shrub 1 m. high, the branchlets glabrous; stipules persistent,

short-connate, the 4 lobes of the sheath triangular, acute, 1 mm. long;

leaves petiolate, the blades ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, 10-15 cm.

long, long-acuminate, acute at the base or obtuse and abruptly

contracted, glabrous, with about 9 pairs of veins; inflorescence ter-

minal, long-pedunculate, cymose-paniculate, lax, about 7 cm. long

and 8 cm. broad, the branches alternate, glabrous, divaricate or

subreCurved, dichotomous, the flowers sessile, solitary or fasciculate;

calyx 0.5 mm. long, obscurely dentate; corolla pinkish white, 5-6

mm. long, glabrous, not barbate in the throat, the 5 lobes oblong,

obtuse.

Related to P. patens Sw. but with different stipules. Pittier 10126

was listed by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 672. 1928) incorrectly as

Psychotria pubescens Sw., a species unknown in Venezuela.

Psychotria atabapoensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 190. 1930.

San Fernando de Atabapo, on stream bank, Koch-Grunberg 67

(B, type).

A glabrous shrub; stipules persistent, green, connate into a sheath

1-2 mm. long, bearing 4 remote subulate teeth scarcely 1 mm. long;

leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong, 10-14 cm. long, acuminate

or long-acuminate, acute or rarely subrounded at the base, the veins

about 13 pairs, oblique, extending to the margin; inflorescence ter-

minal, long-pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, 3.5-7 cm. long, 3.5-

5.5 cm. wide, the branches alternate, spreading, naked at the base,

the flowers sessile; calyx short, remotely and minutely denticulate;

corolla dirty white, 4 mm. long, in bud rounded at the apex, not

barbate in the throat, the lobes obtuse, 1 mm. long.

Differing from P. patens Sw. in the short stipules, more numerous

veins, and broader inflorescence.

Psychotria Bolivariana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 66. 1930.

Galipan, near the crest of Cerro de Avila, Miranda, 1,800-2,400

m., Pittier 6211 (F, type; B, W, Y). Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m.,

Fendler 550 (G, K, M). Cerro de Galipan, 1,350-1,800 m., Eggers

13562 (F, W). Mountains near Galipan, E. Pittier 130 (G, W, Y).

Upper Catuche Wood near Caracas, 1,400 m., Pittier 9582 (W).

Caracas, Birschel (K). Colonia Tovar, Moritz 841 (B, K, L). El

Avila, above Caracas, in forest, Woronow 7453 (F, L). Colonia

Tovar, Woronow 7654 (L); Karsten (L). Galipan, in 1854, Gollmer

(B). Me"rida, Moritz 971 (B). Andes of Trujillo and M£rida, Linden

314 (P), 336 (P). Tabay, 2,300 m., moist quebrada, Gehriger 392

(F). Also in Colombia.

436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A slender shrub 2-4 m. high, the branchlets densely pilose;

stipules persistent, short-connate, bifid, the lobes lanceolate or

linear-lanceolate; leaves petiolate, the blades lance-oblong, 7-13 cm.

long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, narrowly long-acuminate, acute or obtuse at

the base, hispidulous above, more densely so beneath; inflorescences

chiefly terminal, pedunculate, 1.5-4 cm. long and broad, cymose-

paniculate, many-flowered, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate,

the bracts conspicuous, linear-attenuate; calyx 4 mm. long, deeply

5-fid, the lobes lance-linear; corolla white, 1 cm. long, pilose, the

lobes 2.5 mm. long; fruit black or violet, 5 mm. long, densely pilose.

Some of the numbers cited have been determined wrongly as

P. Aschersoniana Schum. & Krause, a Colombian species, similar in

appearance to P. Bolivariana but with a glabrous corolla. Specimens

of P. Bolivariana were listed by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 673. 1928)

as P. trichocephala Poepp. & Endl'., a quite distinct species of eastern

Peru.

Psychotria bracteata DC. Prodr. 4: 510. 1830.

Rio Casiquiare, Caxoeira San Sebastian, Tate 151 (F, Y). Guianas

and northern Brazil.

A shrub; stipules subpersistent, 6-8 mm. long, linear-lanceolate

from an ovate base, short-connate; leaves petiolate, the blades

sublanceolate, 9-12 cm. long or more, acuminate, acute at the base,

with 10-12 pairs of veins, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, pedun-

culate, thyrsoid-corymbose, dense, the bracts subopposite or vertic-

illate; lower bracts 7-9 mm. long, lance-linear, the inner ones

lance-rhombic, red, about equaling the corollas, the flowers sessile;

calyx lobes triangular-ovate, acutish; corolla 9-10 mm. long, glabrous,

barbate in the throat, rounded at the apex in bud; fruit subdidymous,

the nutlets 4-costate.

Psychotria bracteata DC., var. latifolia Muell. Arg. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 66: 313. pi. 49, f. 2. 1881.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce 3440.

Petiole 3-4 mm. long, the blades lance-ovate, long-acuminate,

coriaceous, lustrous, 7-12 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide.

Psychotria cacuminis, sp. nov. — Ramuli subgraciles ferruginei

subteretes glabri, novellis sparse minute puberulis, internodiis elonga-

tis; stipulae persistentes erectae connatae breves breviter bilobae,

lobis late rotundatis; folia coriacea breviter petiolata opposita, lamina

ovata vel oblongo-oyata longe acuminata basi rotundata vel obtusa

utrinque praesertim in statu juvenili ad venas sparse minute puberula

vel glabrata; inflorescentia terminalis longe pedunculata cymoso-

corymbosa dense pauciflora, bracteis obsoletis, floribus sessilibus vel

brevissime pedicellatis; calyx minutus breviter obtuseque 5-dentatus;

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 437

corolla extus dense furfuraceo-puberula tubuloso-infundibuliformis

in alabastro apice subtruncata, lobis tubo duplo brevioribus.

Branchlets rather slender, subterete, ferruginous, glabrous, the

youngest ones sparsely and minutely puberulent, the internodes

elongate; stipules erect, persistent, connate, indurate, 2-4 mm. long,

shallowly bilobate, the lobes broadly rounded, glabrous; leaves

coriaceous, short-petiolate, opposite, the stout petioles 5-7 mm. long,

glabrous; leaf blades broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, 6-10 cm. long,

3-5 cm. wide, gradually or abruptly long-acuminate, with narrow

acute tip, at the base rounded or obtuse, yellowish green and lustrous

on the upper surface, minutely puberulent along the veins and some-

times very minutely puberulent between them, or almost glabrous,

the costa and veins prominent, beneath paler and when dried often

reddish, minutely puberulent along the veins, finely pale-puncticu-

late, the costa stout, elevated, the veins about 8 pairs, prominent,

slender, diverging at almost a right angle, arcuate, anastomosing

close to the thin, pale, often revolute margin, the veinlets prominu-

lous and laxly reticulate; inflorescence terminal, cymose-corymbose,

rather densely few-flowered, erect, long-pedunculate, the slender

peduncle 5-6 cm. long, puberulent, the inflorescence about 3.5 cm.

long and 2.5 cm. broad, the basal branches subopposite, strongly

ascending, straight, minutely puberulent, the bracts obsolete, the

flowers congested, sessile or nearly so; hypanthium minutely puberu-

lent, 0.7 mm. long, the calyx of equal length, minutely puberulent,

the short teeth obtuse; corolla greenish white, densely furfuraceous-

puberulent, in bud broad and almost truncate at the apex, the stout

tube 7 mm. long, scarcely dilated upward, not barbate in the throat,

the 5 lobes oblong, obtuse, 3 mm. long, ascending or spreading, gla-

brous within; anthers linear, short-exserted, 2 mm. long, the very

slender filaments glabrous; style short-exserted. — Venezuela: Mount

Duida, crest of Ridge 25, alt. 1,890 m., G. H. H. Tate 410 (herb.

N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb. Field Mus.).

Psychotria campylopoda, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis gracilibus

subteretibus fuscis vel olivaceis dense scaberulo-puberulis, novellis

plus minusye angulatis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae

breves persistentes in yaginam truncatam connatae, vagina in lobos

4 breves subulatos desinente; folia parva coriacea breviter petiolata

opposita, lamina elliptico-oblonga vel oyato-oblonga acuta vel acu-

tiuscula basi acuta utrinque minutissime scaberulo-puberula vel

fere glabra; inflorescentiae terminates vel axillares pedunculatae

capitatae pauciflorae recurvae bracteis paucis ellipticis vel oblongis

viridibus fulcratae; fructus bilocularis subglobosus minute scaberulus.

A shrub 0.6-1.2 m. high, apparently densely branched, the branch-

lets slender, subterete, fuscous or olivaceous, densely scaberulous-

puberulent, the youngest branchlets somewhat angulate, the inter-

nodes short or elongate; stipules erect, persistent, puberulent, connate

into a truncate or subtruncate, greenish sheath 1.5-2 mm. long,

the sheath bearing at the apex 4 subulate or narrowly triangular

438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

lobes of equal length; leaves small, coriaceous, short-petiolate, oppo-

site, the stout pedicels 2-7 mm. long, scaberulous; leaf blades elliptic-

oblong or ovate-oblong, 2.5-6.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, acute or

acutish at the apex, acute at the base, minutely scaberulous on both

surfaces or in age nearly glabrous, yellowish green on the upper

surface, the venation obsolete, much paler beneath, the costa slender,

elevated, the veins about 8 pairs, oblique, ascending at a broad or

rather narrow angle, arcuate, anastomosing near the revolute margin,

the veinlets few, laxly reticulate, prominulous or obscure; inflores-

cences terminal and produced from the upper axils, capitate, few-

flowered, 5-6 mm. broad, the peduncles 1-1.5 cm. long, slender,

recurved, densely puberulent, angulate, thickened toward the apex;

outer bracts about 4, elliptic to oblong or ovate, 4-5 mm. long,

exceeding the flowers, obtuse or acute, apparently greenish, minutely

puberulent, erect, narrowed at the base, 1-costate, the inner bracts

shorter and often narrower; flowers closely sessile; fruit purplish

blue, subglobose, 4.5 mm. long, rounded at base and apex, minutely

scaberulous, shallowly bisulcate, the 2 pyrenes smooth dorsally,

concave and not sulcate on the inner face. — Venezuela: Mount

Duida, hillsides and flat ground at Central Camp, alt. 1,440 m.,

G. H. H. Tate 534 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb.

Field Mus.). Mount Duida, slopes of Ridge 25, 1,650-1,800 m.,

Tate 412 (Y).

The leaves are much like those of Psychotria oblita Wernham,

described from Roraima, but the Mount Duida plant belongs in

Mueller's subgenus Cephaelis, group Pseudocephaelideae. It is de-

scribed as a slender, straggling bush. The collector's notes state that

the corolla tube is yellowish white and the lobes purple, but I find

no corollas on any of the specimens available for study.

Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

P. foveolata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 59. pi. 207, f. b. 1799.

Without locality, Moritz 847 (L). Sarare, in 1894, Geay (P).

Zulia, Mocquerys 843 (P). Rio Duaca, 1893-94, Mocquerys (P).

Margarita Island, 450 m., Johnston 337 (F, W), El Valle, Margarita

Island, Miller & Johnston 215 (M, W). Bosque de Macuto, Lara,

Saer 138 (W, Y). El Amparo, Cojedes, March 14, 1924, Mell (Y).

Between Petaquire and the sea, 1,800 m., Fendler 2601 (G, K). Near

Colonia Tovar, 900 m., Fendler 565 (G, K, Y); at 1,500 m., Fendler

2603 (G, K). Widely distributed in South and Central America.

A nearly glabrous shrub 1-3 m. high; stipules obovate, obtuse,

brownish, deciduous; leaves petiolate, lance-elliptic to oblong-obo-

vate, acute or acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base, minutely

puberulent beneath or glabrate; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate,

paniculate, commonly radiately branched at the base, open, many-

flowered, the bracts minute and deciduous; flowers sessile; calyx

denticulate; corolla white, 4 mm. long, minutely puberulent or gla-

brous; fruit red, 4 mm. long, glabrous, conspicuously costate.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 439

This is closely related to P. alba R. & P., the flowers being

pedicellate in that species and sessile in this. Both plants belong to

the subgenus Mapouria, which is maintained by some authors as a

distinct genus, but undeservedly so, as it seems to the present writer.

Two of the collections cited above are listed by Knuth (Init. Fl.

Venez. 671. 1928) as P. glabrata Sw., a West Indian species.

Psychotria casiquiaria Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 324.

1881.

Type from the Rio Casiquiare, near the Rio Negro, Spruce 3436.

Branchlets glabrous; stipules 2-2.5 mm. long, connate at the

base, the lobes linear-lanceolate; petioles about as long as the stipules,

the blades lance-ovate or elliptic, 6-7 cm. long, 2.7 cm. wide, acute

at each end, glabrous, with 9-10 pairs of veins; inflorescence terminal,

capitate-cymose, 2 cm. broad or more, umbelliform, short-pedun-

culate, the lower bracts broadly ovate, acute, reddish, 5 mm. long,

costate-striate, the inner ones equaling the dense flower heads, 4-6-

fid, their lobes triangular; calyx obtusely 5-lobate, ciliate; corolla

pubescent, 3.5 mm. long, the lobes equaling the tube.

Psychotria ceratantha, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis gracilibus

fuscis, novellis interdum obscure puberulis cito glabratis, internodiis

elongatis; stipulae parvae persistentes in vaginam truncatam con-

natae, vagina in lobos 4 triangulares obtusos desinente; folia sub-

coriacea mediocria breviter petiolata opposita, lamina oblongo-ellip-

tica vel lanceolatp-oblonga longe acuminata basi acuta glabra;

inflorescentia terminalis pedunculata cymoso-corymbosa laxe pauci-

flora, ramis valde adscendentibus glabris vel sparse minute puberulis,

floribus in cymulas dispositis sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis;

calyx brevis ad medium 5-fidus, lobis triangularibus acutis vel acu-

minatis; corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis extus minute pulveru-

lacea in alabastro apice 5-cornuta, lobis tubo plus quam duplo

brevioribus.

A shrub 2.5 m. high, apparently densely branched, the branches

slender, fuscous, subterete, glabrous or the young ones sparsely and

obscurely puberulent, the internodes mostly elongate; stipules erect,

persistent, connate into a truncate glabrous sheath 1-1.5 mm. long,

the sheath bearing at the apex 4 triangular obtuse lobes of equal

length; leaves short-petiolate, thinly coriaceous or thick-membrana-

ceous, opposite, the slender petioles 6-10 mm. long, glabrous; leaf

blades oblong-elliptic or lance-oblong, sometimes narrowly elliptic,

4-14 cm. long, 1.7-5 cm. wide, gradually or rather abruptly long-

acuminate, with a narrow attenuate acumen, acute at the base, gla-

brous, yellowish green on the upper surface and somewhat lustrous,

the costa and veins prominent, beneath slightly paler, the costa

slender, elevated, the veins about 9 pairs, slender, prominent, ascend-

ing at a rather wide angle, oblique, arcuate, extending to the some-

what revolute margin, the veinlets few and obscure; inflorescence

440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

terminal, pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, laxly few-flowered, erect,

2-3 cm. long and broad, the peduncle 1-1.5 cm. long, sparsely and

minutely puberulent, the branches few, strongly ascending, the basal

ones subopposite, sparsely and minutely puberulent or glabrate, the

bracts minute, subulate, inserted above the base of the branches,

the flowers disposed in few-flowered cymules, sessile or on stout

pedicels scarcely 1 mm. long; hypanthium thick, 1 mm. long, the

calyx of equal length and much broader, 5-fid to the middle, the teeth

triangular, acute or acuminate; disk thick-annular, shorter than the

calyx; corolla white, in bud with 5 short hornlike appendages at the

apex, minutely pulverulent outside, the rather stout tube 7-8 mm.

long, slightly dilated upward, not barbate in the throat, the 5 lobes

triangular-oblong, 4 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous within, spreading

or recurved; anthers short-exserted, linear, 4 mm. long, the slender

filaments glabrous; fruit white, didymous-globose, 5-7 mm. broad,

crowned by the persistent calyx, 2-celled, the pyrenes almost smooth

and broadly rounded dorsally, deeply sulcate on the inner face. —

Venezuela: Mount Duida, about 15 m. below the summit of Peak

No. 7, alt. 2,115 m., G. H. H. Tate 669 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.,

type). Desfiladero, 1,800 m., Tate 712 (Y).

Like so many Psychotrias, the plant has no outstanding char-

acters, but I have not been able to find a match for it among the

South American species.

Psychotria chpndroloma, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis gracilibus

subteretibus glabris, internodiis elongatis; stipulae erectae persis-

tentes connatae bilobae, lobis breyibus triangularibus acutis; folia

luteo-viridia coriacea breviter petiolata opposita, lamina oblongo-

lanceolata longissime acuminata basi acuta glabra, margine incras-

sato pallido; inflorescentia terminalis dense hirtella pedunculata

subumbellata, radiis patentibus vel adscendentibus rigidis cymis 1-3

capituliformibus terminatis, floribus numerosis dense congestis,

bracteis foliaceis oblongis vel lanceolatis flores fere aequantibus;

corolla infundibuliformis extus dense hirtella.

A shrub 1.5 m. high, glabrous except in the inflorescence, the

branches rather slender, subterete, olivaceous or fuscous, the inter-

nodes elongate; stipules persistent, erect, indurate, 2.5-5 mm. long,

bilobate, rounded or truncate between the lobes, these shorter than

the sheath, acute; leaves thick-coriaceous, yellowish green, short-

petiolate, opposite, the petioles stout, 5-8 mm. long; leaf blades

oblong-lanceolate or sometimes broadly lance-oblong, 9-18 cm. long,

2-6.5 cm. wide, very long-acuminate, acute and often somewhat

unequal at the base, with a conspicuous indurate pale margin, rather

dull on the upper surface, the costa pale and prominent, the veins

obscure, beneath paler, the stout costa elevated, pale, the veins about

12 pairs, unequal, evident but only slightly elevated, divergent

at a wide angle, extending to the margin; inflorescence terminal,

umbelliform, radiately branched from the base, long-pedunculate,

the stout peduncle 3-6 cm. long, hirtellous, erect, the rays 4-5, not

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 441

bracteate at the base, spreading or ascending, hirtellous, 1.5 cm.

long or shorter, bearing 1-3 dense headlike bracted cymes 1-1.5 cm.

broad, the flowers numerous, sessile; bracts numerous, imbricate,

oblong or lanceolate, greenish, 3-5 mm. long, almost concealing the

flowers, puberulent, obtuse; calyx 5-parted, about 1 mm. long, the

segments triangular, acute, hirtellous; disk annular, nearly equaling

the calyx; corolla funnelform, 4-5 mm. long, sparsely hirtellous out-

side, the tube stout, gradually dilated above, not barbate in the

throat, the 5 lobes triangular-oblong, about half as long as the tube,

obtuse; anthers short-exserted, oblong-linear, 1.2 mm. long. — Vene-

zuela: Mount Duida, Laterite Valley, Savanna Hills, alt. 1,320 m.,

G. H. H. Tate 726 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb.

Field Mus.). Agiiita Slope, 1,050 m., Tate 700 (Y).

Evidently a relative of Psychotria transiens Wernham, described

from Mount Roraima, which has an inflorescence similar in structure

but glabrous. The leaves of P. transiens are conspicuously different

in form and venation from those of P. chondroloma.

Psychotria concinna Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 2: 276.

pi. 42, f. 8-15. 1887.

Type from Mount Roraima at 2,100 m., Im Thurn 163, 320.

From the same locality are reported also McConnell & Quelch 80,

89, 667.

Glabrous; stipules free, the lobes erect, subulate; leaves short-

petiolate, the blades coriaceous, oval, acute or acutish, 14-24 mm.

long, 6-8 mm. wide, the veins 7-10 pairs; cymes 5-8-flowered, short-

pedunculate, terminal, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx lobes

minute, ovate; corolla 12-14 mm. long, glabrous outside, the lobes

short, ovate.

Psychotria cordifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 365. 1819.

Siderodendron paniculatum Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 4: 26. 1829.

Type from San Baltazar on the Rio Atabapo, Humboldt &

Bonpland (photo, in F). Mueller (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 304. 1881)

reports Spruce 3448 from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva,

and Pacimoni. The species occurs in British Guiana.

A glabrous shrub; leaves sessile, rigid, yellowish green, triangular-

ovate, acuminate, cordate at the base, conspicuously marginate;

panicles narrow, terminal, pedunculate, the branches spreading or

reflexed; calyx obtusely 4-lobate; corolla 3 mm. long.

The species may be recognized at first glance by the conspicuously

margined, sessile, triangular-cordate leaves.

Psychotria coussarepides, sp. nov. — Praeter inflorescentiam

glabra, ramulis crassiusculis griseo-ochraceis subteretibus, internodiis

brevibus; stipulae in vaginam truncatam persistentem connatae; folia

442 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

subcoriacea ternata vel opposita petiolata, lamina oblanceolato-

oblpnga obtusa vel acuta basin versus longe angustata, supra viridis

lucida, subtus pallida; inflorescentia terminalis longe pedunculata

cymoso-paniculata sublaxe multiflora, ramis sparse minute puberulis,

floribus in cymulas congestis sessilibus, bracteis minutis triangulari-

bus acutis; calyx minutus breviter acute dentatus; corolla glabra

parva, lobis 5 ovatis obtusis tubo crasso brevioribus.

Glabrous except in the inflorescence; branchlets rather stout,

grayish-ochraceous, subterete, smooth and lustrous, the young

branchlets fuscous when dried, the internodes short; stipules united

into a thickened truncate sheath 4-5 mm. long, more or less indurate,

persistent; leaves subcoriaceous, medium-sized, slender-petiolate,

opposite or ternate, the petioles 1.5-2 cm. long; leaf blades oblanceo-

late-oblong or obovate-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, 3-4.7 cm. wide, acute

to obtuse or even rounded at the base, rather long-attenuate to the

petiole, deep green and lustrous on the upper surface, the costa and

veins somewhat prominent, much paler beneath, the costa slender,

elevated, the veins about 10 pairs, slender, prominent, ascending at

a wide angle, arcuate, anastomosing along the slightly revolute

margin, the ultimate veins rather prominent and closely reticulate;

inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, cymose-paniculate, rather

narrowly pyramidal, 4-4.5 cm. long, rather laxly many-flowered,

the lowest branches in whorls of 4-5, bracted at the base, the upper

branches short, opposite, puberulent, the peduncle 3-4 cm. long,

sparsely puberulent, the bracts mostly small and inconspicuous,

triangular, acute, the lowest ones leaflike and as much as 8 mm. long,

the flowers sessile in small dense cymules; hypanthium obconic, 1

mm. long, obscurely puberulent, the calyx 0.5 mm. long, shallowly

and acutely dentate; corolla white, 4-5 mm. long, obtuse in bud,

obscurely pulverulent or almost glabrous, the 5 lobes ovate, obtuse,

slightly shorter than the thick tube, the throat not villous; disk

thick, annular, much longer than the calyx. — Venezuela: Mount

Duida, Agiiita, alt. 1,200 m., G. H. H. Tate 919 (herb. N. Y. Bot.

Gard., type; photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

A rather well-marked species, noteworthy for its ohiefly ternate

leaves, but of uncertain relationship, as is so often the case with

species of Psychotria.

Psychotria crassa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 227. 1841.

Caronia, near La Guaira, Karsten (L). Roraima, on rocks,

220 m., Vie 8766 (K). Mount Duida, on slopes at 1,650-1,800 m.,

Tate 433 (Y) ; summit of Peak No. 7, 2,130 m., Tate 624 (Y). Known

only from Venezuela and British Guiana.

A glabrous shrub, apparently either epiphytic or terrestrial,

usually 2 m. high or less; stipule sheath persistent, truncate, lax;

leaves thick and succulent, subsessile, obovate-oblong to elliptic,

acuminate, narrowed to the base, mostly 5-7.5 cm. long; cymes

terminal, corymbiform, longer or shorter than the leaves, pedunculate,

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 443

trichotomous, the bracts small, lance-subulate; flowers 4-parted,

pinkish white or white; calyx teeth acute; corolla 6 mm. long, barbate

in the throat, the lobes with short hornlike appendages at the apex;

fruit red, translucent.

Tate describes the plant as a tree 6 meters high, and this may be

correct, although usually the plants of this group of Psychotria are

small epiphytic shrubs. In the case of shrubs and trees growing in

wet mountain forests, and burdened with epiphytic plants, often it

is difficult to determine whether a certain plant is host or epiphyte.

Psychotria cuspidata Bredem. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 192.

1819. P. cornigera Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 227. 1841.

Type from Caracas, Bredemeyer. Colonia Tovar, Fendler 557

(G, K, M, Y). Between Maracay and Choroni, 1,200 m., Fendler

1985 (G). Cerro Santa Ana, Paraguana, 300-600 m., Curran &

Raman 677 (Y). Sacupana, Rushy & Squires 210 (F, B, W, Y).

Colonia Tovar, Karsten (L). Without locality, Moritz 846 (B, L).

Widely distributed in tropical America.

A slender glabrous shrub or small tree 1.5-3.5 m. high; stipules

short, persistent, green, bicuspidate; leaves short-petiolate, usually

yellowish green when dried, lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, very long-

acuminate, obtuse to rounded at the base or rarely acute; inflores-

cence terminal, pedunculate, small, corymbose-paniculate, the slender

branches ascending or rarely reflexed; calyx truncate; corolla 5 mm.

long, glabrous outside, described as either white or reddish; fruit

didymous, white or pearly gray.

Psychotria cumanensis H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 191. 1819.

—This plant, collected at Cumana by Humboldt and Bonpland is

not a Psychotria but a species of Torrubia (Nyctaginaceae).

Psychotria diervilloides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 358. 1819.

Type from Angostura on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland.

Branches glabrous, the younger ones hirtous-pubescent; stipules

oblong, rounded at the apex, ferruginous-hirtous, as long as the

petioles; leaves "like those of Diervilla canadensis," short-petiolate,

the blades ovate, acuminate, rounded and subcordate at the base,

glabrous and shining above, beneath paler and sparsely hirtous-

pubescent, 7.5-8.5 cm. long; cymes terminal and pseudo-axillary,

pedunculate, 4-rayed, 2.5 cm. long, the branches villous-hirsute;

flowers subternate, the central one sessile; calyx 5-parted; corolla

glabrous outside, the lobes scarcely shorter than the tube, the throat

villous.

Known to the present writer only from the description.

Psychotria duidana, sp. nov. — Frutex praeter stipulas omnino

glaber, ramulis gracilibus fuscis; stipulae persistentes breviter con-

444 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

natae, vagina sparse hirtella in lacinias 4 elongatas lineares desinente;

folia breviter petiolata opposita, lamina subcoriacea ovato-oblonga

vel anguste ovata longe acuminata basi obtusa vel rotundata; inflores-

centiae terminales longe pedunculatae cymosae compactae basi nudae

et trichotomae, ramis primariis abbreviatis, bracteis magnis ovatis

vel lanceolatis flores fere aequantibus, floribus sessilibus; calyx

breviter dentatus, dentibus late triangularibus acutis; corolla extus

glabra, tubo lobis plus quam duplo longiore.

A shrub 1-1.5 m. high, glabrous throughout except on the stipules,

the branches slender, fuscous, terete, the internodes elongate; stipules

erect, persistent, united into a sheath 1-2 mm. long, the sheath

more or less hirtellous, produced into 4 linear lobes 3-7 mm. long,

the lobes often deciduous; leaves short-petiolate, opposite, subcoria-

ceous, glabrous, the rather slender petiole 5-10 mm. long; leaf blades

ovate-oblong or narrowly ovate, 6.5-10 cm. long, 2-3.7 cm. wide,

gradually long-acuminate, at the base obtuse or rounded, yellowish

green and dull on the upper surface, the costa subimpressed, the

veins obsolete, slightly paler beneath, the costa slender, elevated,

the veins about 9 pairs, slender, prominent, divergent at a wide

angle, arcuate, anastomosing close to the margin, the ultimate veins

prominulous and laxly reticulate; inflorescence terminal, cymose,

not bracted at the base, 2-2.5 cm. long and of about the same breadth,

long-pedunculate, trichotomous at the base, the primary branches

7 mm. long or less, each bearing a few congested sessile flowers sub-

tended by large bracts, the peduncle very slender, 5-7 cm. long;

outer bracts ovate or lance-ovate, 9-12 mm. long, acute or acuminate,

acutish at the base, ciliate, the inner bracts somewhat narrower,

sometimes narrowly lanceolate, slightly shorter than the flowers;

hypanthium cylindric, 0.8 mm. long, the calyx 0.8 mm. long and

somewhat broader, shallowly dentate, the teeth erect, broadly tri-

angular, acute; corolla white, glabrous outside, the rather stout tube

8-10 mm. long, scarcely dilated above, not barbate in the throat,

the lobes triangular-oblong, obtuse, 3 mm. long, spreading or ascend-

ing, glabrous within; anthers exserted, linear, 2 mm. long; style

filiform, exserted. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, Desfiladero, alt. 1,800

m., G. H. H. Tate 713 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Card., type; duplicate in

herb. Field Mus.).

Related to P. bracteata DC., which differs conspicuously in its

narrow bracts.

Psychotria durifolia, sp. nov. — Frutex omnino glaber, ramulis

ferrugineis dense foliatis; stipulae breviter connatae late triangulares

erectae persistentes; folia crasse coriacea sessilia late elliptica usque

ad rotundato-ovata apice obtusa vel rotundata et saepius apiculata

basi late rotundata vel truncata conspicue obliquinervia; inflores-

centiae axillares foliis longiores longe pedunculatae cymosae dense

pauciflorae, floribus sessilibus; calyx profunde 5-fidus, lobis late

triangularibus vel ovali-ovatis obtusis vel acutis; corolla extus glabra

fere ad medium 5-fida, lobis carnosis obtusis intus non barbatis.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 445

A straggling shrub 3 m. high, glabrous throughout, the branches

stout, subterete, ferruginous, the youngest ones somewhat 4-angulate,

the internodes mostly 1-3 cm. long; stipules erect, persistent, 3

mm. long, short-connate, triangular or broadly triangular, thick,

rigid, abruptly short-acuminate; leaves opposite, sessile, thick-

coriaceous and stiff, varying from broadly elliptic to rounded-ovate,

1.5-4 cm. long, 1.2-2.8 cm. wide, sometimes as broad as long, broadly

rounded to obtuse at the apex and with a short abrupt acute tri-

angular apiculation, at the base broadly rounded or truncate, yel-

lowish green, the cpsta and veins evident on the upper surface but

not elevated, prominent beneath, the costa slender, the veins about

6 pairs, very oblique, arcuate, extending to the margin, the ultimate

veins obscure, the under surface pale-punctate, the margins broad

and thin; inflorescences axillary, longer than the leaves, cymose,

densely rather few-flowered, usually 1-2 cm. wide, commonly 3-rayed,

but sometimes condensed and almost headlike, the slender angled

peduncles 1.5-3.5 cm. long, ascending, the rays 1 cm. long or less,

ascending, the bracts rigid, persistent, triangular or broadly ovate,

connate at the base, 1-3 mm. long, acute or acuminate, the flowers

sessile, 5-parted; hypanthium obovoid, 0.8 mm. long, the calyx

0.8-1 mm. long, deeply lobed, the lobes broadly triangular or oval-

ovate, very variable, acute to rounded at the apex, thick and fleshy;

corolla white, 3.5 mm. long, thick and fleshy, not barbate in the

throat, the lobes oblong or ovate-oblong, very obtuse, slightly shorter

than the broad tube, the corolla in bud rounded at the apex. — Vene-

zuela: Mount Duida, stream side at Central Camp, alt. 1,440 m.,

G. H. H. Tate 556 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb.

Field Mus.). Moist slopes of Savanna Hills, at 1,340 m., Tate 757

(F, Y).

The plant is one of striking appearance and of puzzling affinities.

Without fruit it is not at all certain that it is properly referable to

the genus Psychotria, but it can not be referred to any other American

group of the family. In its foliage it is somewhat suggestive of

Psychotria cordifolia HBK., of Venezuela and British Guiana, but in

that the inflorescence is terminal and thyrsoid. Axillary inflorescence

is infrequent in the genus Psychotria, and I know of no species with

such inflorescence that remotely resembles the present plant.

Psychotria Eggersii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 69. 1930.

High ridge north of Caracas, 1,800 m., Eggers 13187 (F, type; W).

El Valle, Eggers 13187 (W). Caracas, Warming 164 (W). Cerros

de Avila, Distrito Federal, 1,600 m., E. Pittier 27 (W, Y). Upper

Catuche Wood, near Caracas, 1,400 m., Pittier 9586 (P, W, Y),

7158a (W). Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m., Fendler 561 (G, K, M, Y),

561b (G), 1984 (G, K). Tabay, 2,300 m., moist quebrada, Gehriger

381 (F).

A shrub 1-1.5 m. high; the branchlets densely scaberulous-

puberulent; stipules sheathing, persistent, 1-2 mm. long, mucronate;

446 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

leaves petiolate, firm-membranaceous, lance-oblong to elliptic-oblong

or elliptic, 4-11 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, attenuate

to the base, glabrous above, beneath densely puberulent along the

veins; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, dense

or lax, many-flowered, 2-5 cm. long, the lower branches opposite,

densely puberulent, the bracts inconspicuous, the flowers sessile or

short-pedicellate, congested; calyx minutely 4-dentate; corolla white

or yellowish, 5 mm. long, sparsely puberulent, with 4 minute append-

ages at the apex in bud, the lobes about half as long as the tube;

fruit subglobose, 3.5-4.5 mm. wide, orange, glabrous.

Psychotria erythrophylla Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 542, 546. 1876;

in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 329. 1881.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and Paci-

moni, Spruce 3^39.

Branchlets glabrous; stipules persistent, connate at the base,

narrowly triangular, subobtuse, 2 mm. long; leaves almost sessile,

the blades elliptic-lanceolate, 6-7 cm. long, 18-24 mm. wide, cus-

pidate, acute at the base, glabrous, with 9-10 pairs of veins; cymes

terminal, pedunculate, composed of few umbellate heads, 5-rayed,

the branches not bracteate at base, the bracts inserted on the

branches, 5 mm. long, obovate-lanceolate, the flowers sessile; calyx

5-dentate; one cell of fruit abortive, the other subglobose, 3 mm. long.

Psychotria Everardii Wernham, Journ. Bot. 52: 316. 1914.

Type from Roraima, path to upper savanna, Im Thurn 291.

Mount Roraima, Jenman 291 (F).

Branchlets glabrous; leaves subsessile, thick, elliptic, 4-7.5 cm.

long, 1.7-3.5 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish, glabrous, with about 8

pairs of veins; stipules small, rounded, caducous; inflorescence sub-

corymbose, pedunculate, many-flowered, 2.5 cm. long and broad,

the branches minutely puberulent, the bracts obsolete; calyx minutely

denticulate; corolla minutely pubescent, the tube 6 mm. long, the

lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2.5 mm. long.

Psychotria fluctuans, nom. nov. Coffea subsessilis Benth. in

Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 232. 1841, not Psychotria subsessilis Benth.

1852. Mapouria subsessilis Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 460. 1876.

Type collected on the Rio Negro, Brazil, Schomburgk 994.

Psychotria fluctuans Standl., var. latifolia (Muell. Arg.),

comb. nov. Mapouria subsessilis var. latifolia Muell. Arg. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 66: 410. 1881.

Type from the region of the Rio Pacimoni, Spruce 3377.

Branches ferruginous-pubescent or glabrate; stipules caducous,

lance-subulate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance-rhombic, 10-

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 447

13 cm. long, 3.5-5.5 cm. wide, acuminate at each end, minutely

subappressed-hirtellous beneath on the veins; flowers capitate, the

heads terminal and axillary, subsessile; calyx truncate; corolla hir-

tellous at the apex, 6 mm. long, the lobes one- third as long as the

tube.

Psychotria fluctuans Stand!., var. angustifolia (Muell. Arg.),

comb. nov. Mapouria subsessilis var. angustifolia Muell. Arg. in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 411. 1881.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare and Vasiva near

the Rio Negro, Spruce 3359.

Leaves lanceolate, 10-17 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, glabrous

beneath; fruit 6 mm. long.

Psychotria fortuita Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 94. 1930.

Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 562 (K, M), 563 (G, K, M); at

1,500 m., Fendler 564 (G); at 1,800-2,000 m., Allart 483 (Y); at

2,000-2,100 m., Pittier 10014 (Y, W), 9309 (W, Y). Between El

Aguacatal and Alto del Cogollal, Distrito Federal, in forest, 1,400-

1,600 m., Pittier 9243 (G, P, W, Y). Also in the mountains of

Colombia.

A shrub 1-3.5 m. high, the branchlets glabrous; stipules caducous,

ovate, obtuse to acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance-

oblong, 6-15 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, at the base

acute or abruptly narrowed and decurrent, glabrous above, sparsely

barbate beneath in the axils of the veins, the lateral veins about

12 pairs; inflorescence terminal or pseudo-axillary, pedunculate,

cymose-paniculate, 4-10 cm. broad, laxly many-flowered, the lowest

branches verticillate, the flowers pedicellate or rarely sessile, the

bracts minute, deciduous; calyx remotely 5-dentate, 0.5 mm. long;

corolla white or greenish white, 3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous outside,

the lobes obtuse, half as long as the tube.

Psychotria Franquevilleana Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

65:325. 1881.

Type from the Rio Pacimoni, Spruce 3378.

Branchlets glabrous; stipules 8 mm. long, connate, the lobes

broadly ovate, bifid at the apex; leaves petiolate, the blades broadly

lanceolate, 20-25 cm. long, 6-8 cm. wide, acuminate at each end,

glabrous, with 12-14 pairs of veins; inflorescence terminal, long-

pedunculate, broadly ovoid, the branches each bearing 3 pedun-

culate heads, the outer bracts of the heads rhombic-obovate, the

heads subglobose, glabrous; calyx truncate and subentire.

Psychotria grandis Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788.

Near Colonia Tovar, 750 m., Fendler 547 (G); 1982 (G; deter-

mination doubtful). Colombia to Central America and the West

Indies.

448 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A nearly glabrous, large shrub or small tree; stipules large, broadly

ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, subpersistent; leaves almost sessile,

large, cuneate-obovate or oblong-obovate, abruptly short-acuminate,

attenuate to the base, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, long-pedun-

culate, cymose-paniculate, radiately branched at the base, the

branches minutely puberulent, the bracts deciduous; flowers sessile;

calyx obscurely denticulate; corolla whitish, 3 mm. long, glabrous

outside, barbate in the throat.

Psychotria guaremalensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 70. 1930.

Outskirts of forests along brook, Upper Guaremales, road from

Puerto Cabello to San Felipe, Carabobo, Pittier 8989 (W, type; G).

A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules persistent, connate into

a sheath 2.5-4 mm. long, the segments linear-subulate, 4-7 mm.

long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong or oblong-elliptic,

15-19 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at

the base, glabrous, pale-margined, with about 10 pairs of veins;

inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, broadly and laxly cymose-

paniculate, 7-9 cm. long and 8-11 cm. broad, many-flowered, the

branches opposite or alternate, glabrous or sparsely and minutely

puberulent, dichotomous, the branches spreading or recurved, the

flowers sessile, secund; calyx remotely 4-denticulate; corolla purplish,

sparsely pilosulous, 5 mm. long, with 4 hornlike appendages at the

apex in bud.

Differing from P. patens in the broader inflorescence with much

longer and more divided branches, and in the pubescent, appendaged

corolla.

Psychotria hebeclada DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830.

Between Maracay and Choroni, margin of river, 600 m., Fendler

'2342 (G, K, M). Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 560 (G, K). Puerto

Cabello, Karsten (L). Ranging from Mexico to Ecuador.

A shrub sometimes 3 m. high, the young branches densely

puberulent; stipules short, green, persistent, bidentate; leaves thin,

petiolate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, long-acuminate, acute or attenuate

at the base, finely pubescent, at least beneath; inflorescence terminal,

pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, dense, many-flowered, densely

pubescent; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes short, ovate, acute or obtuse;

rachis purple; corolla white, 5 mm. long, pubescent; fruit glabrate,

subglobose, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria Hoffmannseggiana (R. & S.) Muell. Arg. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 65: 336. 1881. Cephaelis Hoffmannseggiana R. & S. Syst.

Veg. 5: 214. 1819.

Agliita, Mount Duida, 930 m., Tate 898 (Y). Also in the Guianas

and Amazonian Brazil.

A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules 1 mm. long, the lobes

triangular-lanceolate, green, persistent; leaves short-petiolate, the

THE RUBIACEA.E OF VENEZUELA 449

blades oblong-ovate, 3-7 cm. long, 1-2.3 cm. wide, cuspidate-acu-

minate, acute at the base, glabrous, with 8-10 pairs of veins; inflores-

cence terminal, cymose, short-pedunculate, small, contracted into

a bracteate head, the peduncle minutely puberulent, the bracts

lance-rhombic, 4-5 mm. long, longer than the fruits; calyx minutely

and obtusely 5-dentate; corolla white; fruit purple, compressed-

globose, 3 mm. long.

Psychotria horizontalis Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788.

P. divaricata H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 191. 1819. P. glauces-

cens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 358. 1819.

Type of P. glaucescens from Angostura, Humboldt & Bonpland

(photo, in F). The type of P. divaricata is probably the same.

Peri j a, Zulia, Tejera 13 (W). Colonia Tovar, Fendler 567b (G, K,

M, Y), 567 (G, K, M), 566 (G), 562 (G). Upper Guaremales Road,

Carabobo, 100-500 m., Pittier 8913 (G, W). Rio Catuche, near

Caracas, Eggers 13318 (W). Mamo Electric Plant, Distrito Federal,

Pittier 11081 (W). Quebrada de las Comadres, Miranda, 1,200 m.,

Allart 261 (W). Caracas, Bailey 501 (W). Cerro Santa Ana, Para-

guana, 300-600 m., Curran & Raman 673 (G). Chacaito Gorge

near Caracas, Pittier 9495 (G, W). Los Chorros, Eggers 13082a (W).

Rio Santa Barbara, Christ 18 (Y). Prov. Carabobo, Funck & Schlim

529 (P). Extending to Ecuador, the West Indies, and Mexico.

A slender shrub 1-3 m. high, glabrous or nearly so; stipules

caducous, ovate-triangular, acute or obtuse, 3-8 mm. long; leaves

short-petiolate, the blades elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,

acute or obtuse at the base, bright grayish green when dried, glabrous

or nearly so; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, small and rather

few-flowered, usually 5-rayed at the base, the branches puberulent,

the flowers chiefly sessile, the bracts minute, caducous; calyx deeply

5-lobed; corolla white, 3-4 mm. long, glabrous; fruit red, glabrous,

4 mm. long.

This is one of the most common and widely distributed of tropical

American Psychotria species, growing usually in the lowlands. It

also is one of the species most easily recognized, although having

rather mediocre foliage, on account of the deeply lobed calyx.

Psychotria hyptoides Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 231. 1841.

Reported by Schomburgk (Fl. Brit. Guian. 1080. 1848) from

Mount Roraima. The type was collected in the Parime Mountains

of British Guiana.

Glabrous except for the rufous-pubescent inflorescence; leaf blades

oblong-elliptic, short-acuminate, narrowed at the base, coriaceous,

marginate; stipules persistent, minutely bidentate; peduncles rufous-

pubescent, racemose or subradiately branched, the cymes capitate;

bracts broadly ovate, imbricate, 6-8 mm. long, concave, rufous-

villous, about equaling the corolla, this glabrous, not bearded in

the throat.

450 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria Imthurniana Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II.

2: 276. pi. 42, f. 1-7. 1887.

Type from upper slope and ledge of Mount Roraima, at 2,100

m., Im Thurn 163, 320.

Glabrous; leaves subsessile, narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceo-

late, yellowish, 3.5-5.5 cm. long, 12-18 mm. wide, acuminate, obtuse

or subcordate at the base, with 10-15 pairs of veins; stipules short,

connate at the base, deltoid-subulate; cymes terminal, pedunculate,

9-15-flowered, rather lax, the bracts obsolete; flowers 4-5 mm. long;

calyx 4-dentate, the teeth deltoid; corolla barbate in the throat,

the lobes ovate, half as long as the tube.

Psychotria inundata Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 229. 1841.

San Antonio de Orinoco, Amazonas, humid forest, 100 m., Holt

& Gehriger 251 (F). Reported by Mueller (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65:

310. 1881) from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and Paci-

moni, Spruce 3193, 478. Reported also (Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc.

Bot. II. 2: 276. 1887) from upper slopes of Roraima, at 1,050 m.,

Im Thurn 83. The species ranges from Panama to the Guianas

and Amazonian Brazil.

A shrub, the branchlets glabrous; stipules persistent, 8-11 mm.

long, the lobes lanceolate, connate below; leaves short-petiolate, the

blades oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 8-13 cm. long, cuspidate-acu-

minate, subcuneate at the base, glabrous, with 13-17 pairs of con-

spicuous pale veins; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, pedunculate,

about 3 cm. long or sometimes larger, pubescent, the bracts narrowly

lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long or more, pale; calyx 5-denticulate; corolla

white, glabrous outside, 8-9 mm. long, the lobes about equaling the

tube.

Psychotria involucrata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.

Esmeralda, 100 m., Tate 374 (Y). Sacupana, Rusby & Squires

206 (W, M), 65 (M, W). Perija, Zulia, Tejera 257 (W). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

A slender shrub, nearly glabrous; stipules short, green, persistent,

truncate and biaristate; leaves petiolate, the blades ovate to elliptic,

acuminate, contracted and decurrent at the base, glabrous; inflores-

cence terminal, pedunculate, dense and headlike, few-flowered,

rounded, the flowers sessile or nearly so, the outer bracts narrow,

longer than the flowers; fruit globose, 4 mm. long, purplish black.

One of the common and widely distributed species of tropical

America. Closely related forms in Brazil are doubtfully distinct

specifically.

Psychotria ligustrina Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 188. 1819.

P. borjensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 357. 1819. Mapouria borjensis

Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 459, 466. 1876.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 451

Type from San Borja, on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland.

The type of P. borjensis (photo, in F) is apparently the same collec-

tion. Mueller (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 405. 1881) reports also Spruce

3214 from Esmeralda. The species occurs in adjacent Brazil.

A tree with glabrous branches; stipules caducous, triangular,

acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, glabrous, the blades ovate-lanceo-

late, acuminate, acute at the base, with 9-12 pairs of veins, 7.5-8.5

cm. long, about 2 cm. wide; inflorescence paniculate, terminal, pedun-

culate, broadly thyrsoid, the bracts linear-lanceolate, the flowers

sessile; calyx cupular, 5-fid, the lobes triangular; corolla glabrous or

minutely puberulent outside, small, barbate in the throat, the lobes

slightly shorter than the tube.

Psychotria Lindenii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 71. 1930.

"New Granada" (but probably from Venezuela), Linden 1419

(K, type; F). Rio Canagua, Christ 22 (W). Perhaps also in Colombia.

A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules persistent, connate into

a sheath 1-2 mm. long, the 4 lobes subulate, 4-6 mm. long; leaves

subsessile, the blades oblong to ovate-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong,

7-12 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, obtuse or subrounded

at the base, glabrous or beneath sparsely and minutely puberulent

on the veins, the veins 8 pairs; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate,

cymose-capitate, densely many-flowered, 1.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm.

broad, the peduncle erect or subrecurved, minutely puberulent; bracts

linear or lance-linear, 10-15 mm. long, long-attenuate, glabrous;

flowers sessile; calyx 4-dentate; corolla glabrous outside, the tube

5 mm. long, not barbate within, the 4 lobes 2 mm. long.

Psychotria longirostris (Rusby) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:

101. 1930. Rudgea longirostris Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI.

143. 1920.

Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m., Fendler 568 (G, K, M, Y); Karsten 2

(B). Also in Colombia.

A shrub 2-4.5 m. high; stipules persistent, 2.5-3.5 mm. long,

short-connate, bidentate at the apex; leaves slender-petiolate, the

blades narrowly elliptic-oblong or rarely elliptic-oblong, 7-12.5 cm.

long, narrowly long-acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous or some-

times minutely pilosulous beneath along the costa; inflorescence

terminal, sessile or pedunculate, broadly paniculate, the flowers

sessile; calyx truncate and obsoletely denticulate; corolla white or

greenish yellow, 6 mm. long, glabrous or minutely puberulent; fruit

blue, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria lupulina Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 230. 1841.

Along the Orinoco, Chaff anjon (P). Left bank of the Rio Casi-

quiare at Quemapure, Tate 167 (Y). Mueller (in Mart. Fl. Bras.

65: 317. 1881) reports Spruce 3109 (in part) from San Carlos. The

species ranges from Colombia to the Guianas, Brazil, and Bolivia.

452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub with glabrous green branches; stipule sheath 3 mm. long,

the lobes dentiform, persistent; leaves subsessile, broadly ovate to

elliptic or obovate, acuminate, rounded to acute at the base, gla-

brous; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, cymose-capitate, the

bracts large and foliaceous, rhombic-lanceolate, ciliate, 6-14 mm.

long, green or pale, acute or acuminate; peduncles pubescent;

calyx minutely 5-dentate; corolla white, glabrous outside, 1 cm.

long, the lobes two-thirds as long as the tube.

Psychotria lupulina Benth., var. stipulacea Muell. Arg. in

Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 317. 1881.

Type collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3109,

in part.

Lobes of the stipule sheath subulate, 2-4 mm. long; panicles

somewhat broader than in the typical form, the bracts somewhat

larger and more rigid.

Psychotria macrophylla R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 56. pi. 202, f. a.

1799. P. anomothyrsa Schum. & Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 35: 3. 1903.

El Portachuelo, Aragua, 1,100 m., Pittier 11811 (W), 11814 (W),

10134 (W). Upper Catuche Wood near Caracas, 1,400 m., Pittier

9583 (W, G, Y). Colonia Tovar, 1,050 m., Fendler 2599 (G); 1,200-

1,800 m., Fendler 545 (G, K, M, Y). Tabay, 2,600 m., in forest,

Gehriger 428 (F). Extending to Bolivia and southern Mexico.

Plants suffrutescent, 1-2 m. high, erect or ascending, usually

simple, glabrous or nearly so; stipules short, broad, apiculate, cadu-

cous; leaves large, petiolate, somewhat succulent, elliptic to lance-

oblong, acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base, glabrous or prui-

nose-puberulent beneath on the veins; inflorescences axillary, pedun-

culate, paniculate, open or dense, the branches often reflexed, glabrous

or minutely puberulent, the flowers sessile, the bracts minute; calyx

denticulate; corolla whitish or yellowish, glabrous, 4-5 mm. long;

fruit 4-5 mm. long, glabrous, orange, yellow, black, or white (accord-

ing to the collectors' notes).

Psychotria microbotrys Ruiz ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8:

204. 1930.

In forest, Motoekorunya, Rio Canaracuni, Koch-Grunberg 21 (B).

Also in Peru and Bolivia.

A shrub or tree 1-6 m. high, glabrous except in the inflorescence;

stipules persistent, 14-17 mm. long, bifid almost to the base, the

lobes lance-triangular, long-acuminate; leaves petiolate, the blades

elliptic-oblong to elliptic, 14-24 cm. long, 7-11 cm. wide, acute, at

the base acute to almost rounded and abruptly contracted; inflores-

cence terminal, broadly thyrsoid-paniculate, pedunculate, laxly

many-flowered, the slender branches glabrous or sparsely and

minutely puberulent, the flowers often somewhat secund, sessile or

nearly so; calyx lobes broadly rounded; corolla white, glabrous out-

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 453

side, 2.5 mm. long, the lobes equaling the tube; fruit glabrous,

globose, 3 mm. long.

Psychotria maypurensis H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 190.

1819. Patabea alba HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 375. 1819. Cephaelis

cymosa Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 749. 1825.

Type from Maipures on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland.

Also at San Fernando (ex HBK.) (photo, of type ex herb. Berol.

in herb. Field Mus.).

A tree with glabrous branches; stipules connate, bifid; leaves

subsessile, oblong-ovate, about 12.5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded

at the base, glabrous, lustrous; cymes terminal, pedunculate, 5-rayed,

the branches pubescent, the flowers sessile and glomerate; bracts

large, conspicuous, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, yellowish, about

12 mm. long; calyx 5-dentate; corolla white, almost 12 mm. long,

pilose, villous in the throat.

Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 9: 539. 1928.

Rondeletia microdon DC. Prodr. 4: 408. 1830. P. pinularis Sesse" &

Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 57. 1894.

Near San Joaquin, Carabobo, 480-1,200 m., Pittier 7911 (W).

El Valle, Margarita Island, Miller & Johnston 49 (M, W). Colonia

Tovar, Fendler 573 (G, K, M, Y). Quebrada Chiquire, Eggers 13516

(W). Between El Sombrero and Ortiz, Guarico, Pittier 12382 (W,

Y). Barbula, Carabobo, 380 m., Pittier 8935 (G, W). Perija, Zulia,

Tejera 138 (G, W), 18 (W). Prov. Carabobo, 1,200 m., Funck &

Schlim 685 (P). Ranging from the Guianas to Ecuador, Mexico,

and the West Indies.

An almost glabrous shrub, commonly 1-2 m. high, with brittle

branches; stipules short, connate, acute, green, persistent; leaves

slender-petiolate, thin, the blades acute or acuminate, acute to

attenuate at the base; inflorescences terminal, pedunculate, cymose-

corymbose, the branches often puberulent; calyx truncate; corolla

white, 1 cm. long or less, glabrous outside.

Miller & Johnston 4-9 has been listed from Venezuela (see Knuth,

Init. Fl. Venez. 672. 1928) as P. horizontalis. That species and P.

microdon have been much confused because of a misunderstanding

regarding the names, although, as a matter of fact, the two have

little or nothing in common. Psychotria microdon is one of the most

frequent plants of its genus over a large part of northern tropical

America. It grows usually at low elevations.

Psychotria oblita Wernham, Journ. Bot. 52: 314. 1914.

Type from Mount Roraima, Appun 1103. Wernham reports also

Schomburgk 1018 B and Im Thurn 185. Mount Roraima, Jenman

185 (F).

454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Glabrous; stipules short-sheathing, bidenticulate; leaves thickish,

short-petiolate, the blades elliptic, 4.5-8.5 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide,

obtuse, the veins 5-9 pairs; cymes subcapitate, few-flowered, about

2.5 by 1.5 cm., the bracts lanceolate, 14 mm. long and 3 mm. wide;

calyx minute, with lanceolate teeth; corolla tube 18 mm. long, the

lobes lanceolate, 4 mm. long, very obtuse.

According to Wernham, a relative of P. lupulina, "but the leaves

of our species are much smaller and tougher, the bracts much

narrower, &c." The last differential character, a favorite with many

botanists, is important and significant!

Psychotria pacimonica Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 337.

1881.

Type from Rio Pacimoni, Spruce 344-5.

Glabrous throughout; stipules short, broad, apiculate, presumably

persistent; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceolate, 14-18 cm.

long, 4-5.3 cm. wide, cuspidate, coriaceous, with 15-17 pairs of veins;

inflorescence terminal, erect, pedunculate, capitate, surrounded by

an involucre of 4 bracts, these 2-2.5 cm. long, spreading, lance-linear,

reddish; calyx truncate and 5-denticulate; corolla 12-15 mm. long,

reddish, glabrous, the lobes less than a third as long as the tube.

Psychotria patens Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. P.

flexuosa Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 966. 1798.

"Eleanor Creek," Rusby & Squires 124 (M, W). Colonia Tovar,

1,200 m., Fendler 1986 (G). Cerro Santa Ana, Paraguana, 300-600

m., Curran & Haman 677 (G). Lower Orinoco, Rusby & Squires

218 (K, W, Y). Caxoeira San Sebastian, Rio Casiquiare, Tate 150

(Y). Capibara, Canal del Casiquiare, Amazonas, 100 m., open forest,

Holt & Gehriger 284 (F). Galipan, Prov. Caracas, Funck & Schlim

163 (P). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A slender glabrous shrub, ordinarily about 1 m. high; stipules

persistent, short, green, the sheath 4-aristate; leaves short-petiolate,

yellowish green when dried, the blades lanceolate or lance-oblong,

long-acuminate, obtuse to acute at the base, stiff; inflorescence

terminal, pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, the very slender branches

reflexed; calyx lobes short, triangular; corolla 7 mm. long, white,

glabrous outside; fruit white or pale blue.

This is another of the most common and widely distributed of

tropical American Psychotrias. It is found chiefly in the more humid

lowlands.

Psychotria parasitica Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788.

Viscum pendulum Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 73. pi. 51, f. 1. 1763. P.

pendula Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 445. 1899, non Hook. 1882.

Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 2012 (K). Epiphytic in humid

forest, El Portachuelo, Aragua, 1,100 m., Pittier 11823 (W, Y),

10132 (W). Also in the West Indies.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 455

A glabrous shrub, usually or always epiphytic, sometimes trailing

or subscandent; stipules united into a truncate papery sheath,

persistent; leaves fleshy or leathery, short-petiolate, elliptic or ellip-

tic-oblong, 7-9 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded to acute

at the base; inflorescences terminal or axillary, small, cymose, tri-

chotomous, many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate, the bracts

minute, triangular; corolla white, 6 mm. long; calyx lobes small,

triangular; fruit obovoid-globose, 3-4 mm. long.

Most recent authors have used for this species the name Psycho-

tria pendula, but this is not permissible because there is a much older

P. pendula described by Hooker from the Andaman Islands. Pre-

sumably the latter is a valid species, but, even if it is not, under

the present rules the name can not be assigned to the West Indian

plant.

Psychotria Patrisii DC. Prodr. 4: 510. 1830.

Bocaina de la Palma, Passarge & Selwyn 689 (B). Also in the

Guianas.

A shrub or small tree 1-4.8 m. high, the branches glabrous;

stipules large, ferruginous, acutish, caducous; leaves short-petiolate,

the blades rather large, oblong or oblanceolate, acute or short-acu-

minate, attenuate to the base, somewhat lustrous, glabrous; inflores-

cence terminal, cymose-corymbose, long-pedunculate or rarely sessile,

the stout branches ascending, puberulent or glabrate; calyx shallowly

and obtusely 5-lobate; corolla white, 4 mm. long, glabrous outside,

broadly rounded at the apex in bud, densely barbate in the throat,

the lobes almost equaling the tube; fruit conspicuously costate,

5-6 mm. long.

Psychotria persimilis Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 541, 545. 1876.

Raudal de Garecita, between Atures and Maipures, Gaillard 257

(P). Also in adjacent Brazil.

A shrub 1-2 m. high, glabrous or nearly so; stipules persistent,

connate into a short sheath, this provided with 4 setae; leaves short-

petiolate, the blades elliptic-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, with 8-10

pairs of oblique veins; panicles terminal, pedunculate, compact,

conspicuously bracted, the bracts whitish or pink, linear or oblong-

linear, acuminate, obsoletely ciliate, longer than the flowers; calyx

truncate and obsoletely denticulate; corolla red, hispidulous above,

the lobes lanceolate, half as long as the tube.

Psychotria phaneroneura, sp. nov. — Praeter inflorescentiam

omnino glabra, ramulis crassiusculis; stipulae persistentes erectae

breves connatae bilobae, lobis late rotundatis; folia luteo-viridia

crasse coriacea breyiter petiolata opposita, lamina late ovata vel

ovato-ovali mediocri apice acuta usque ad rotundata, basi rotundata;

inflorescentia terminalis fastigiato-cymosa dense multiflora longe

456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

pedunculata, ramis minute puberulis, floribus arete sessilibus, bracteis

minutis subulatis; fructus 2-locularis microscopice puberulus, pyrenis

dorso obtuse costatis.

Probably a shrub, glabrous except in the inflorescence, appar-

ently densely branched, the branches rather stout, olivaceous, sub-

terete or the younger one somewhat angulate, the internodes mostly

1.5-2 cm. long; stipules erect, persistent, connate, 2 mm. long,

bilobate, the lobes broadly rounded; leaves thick-coriaceous, short-

petiolate, opposite, yellowish green, the petioles 3-5 mm. long; leaf

blades broadly ovate or ovate-oval, 5-6 cm. long, 2.7-4 cm. wide,

acute to broadly rounded at the apex, usually broadly rounded at

the base, very lustrous on the upper surface, the costa somewhat

prominent, the veins mostly subimpressed, somewhat paler beneath,

the costa stout, prominent, the veins about 8 pairs, prominent, pale,

divergent at a wide angle, arcuate, anastomosing close to the revolute

margin, the ultimate veins inconspicuous, laxly reticulate; inflores-

cence terminal, fastigiate-cymose, erect, long-pedunculate, about 2.5

cm. long and broad, densely many-flowered, the peduncle stout, erect,

2.5 cm. long, minutely puberulent, the branches stout, strongly

ascending, densely puberulent, the flowers closely sessile, somewhat

secund, the bracts inconspicuous, subulate, 1-2 mm. long; fruit

didymous-globose, 3-4 mm. long and somewhat broader, very

minutely puberulent, the 2 pyrenes (1 often abortive) obtusely

costate dorsally; calyx persistent at the apex of the fruit, minute,

obtusely 5-lobate. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, dry laterite soil,

Savanna Hills, alt. 1,320 m., G. H. H. Tate 789 (herb. N. Y. Bot.

Gard., type; photo, in herb. Field Mus.).

In foliage the present plant is almost exactly like Psychotria

Tatei, but the inflorescences of the two species are altogether different.

It is rather probable that P. phaneroneura should be referred to

Palicourea rather than to Psychotria, but this can not be decided

definitely until flowers are available for study.

Psychotria podocephala (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.

7: 109. 1930. Mapouria podocephala Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 460, 466.

1876.

Type from the region of San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3076,

3682.

Glabrous; stipules 5-6 mm. long, connate, oblong-ovate, acute;

leaves petiolate, spatulate-obovate, 18-23 cm. long, 6-8 cm. wide,

cuspidate, coriaceous-membranaceous, with 8 pairs of veins; flowers

capitate, the head short-pedunculate, 14-16 mm. in diameter, the

outer bracts triangular-ovate; calyx lobes 4-5, broadly ovate, obtuse;

corolla 7 mm. long, glabrous outside, barbate in the throat, the lobes

one-third as long as the tube; fruit fusiform-ellipsoid, 13 mm. long.

Psychotria racemifera Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 71. 1930.

Along Rio Lora, above Camp 2 of Perija Exploration Company,

Zulia, Pittier 10958 (W, type; Y). Also in Brazil and eastern Peru.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 457

A decumbent shrub 30-40 cm. high, glabrous almost through-

out; stipules persistent, the sheath 2 mm. long, the lobes subulate,

2-3 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, yellowish green, the blades

elliptic-oblong or narrowly elliptic, 5.5-10.5 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide,

long-acuminate, acute at the base, with a conspicuous cartilaginous

margin, the veins about 9 pairs; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate,

the flowers in small heads, these forming a raceme 6.5-7.5 cm. long,

the rachis minutely puberulent, the outer bracts oblong or linear,

2-5 mm. long; calyx denticulate; corolla white, glabrous outside,

2.5-3 mm. long, not barbate in the throat, the 4 lobes slightly shorter

than the tube, obtuse.

The species belongs in the group of P. patens Sw.

Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PL 1: 966. 1797.

Nonatelia racemosa Aubl. PL Guian. 1: 187. pi. 72. 1775.

Manoa, Rusby & Squires 219 (F, M, W). Mount Duida, in forest

at foothills camp, 225 m., Tate 396 (Y). Widely distributed in

tropical America, extending northward to Panama.

A shrub 1-2 m. high, the branches puberulent; stipules persistent,

bifid, the lobes linear-subulate, green; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-

elliptic, acuminate, usually abruptly contracted at the base, nearly

glabrous; inflorescence terminal, thyrsiform, short-pedunculate, the

short branches minutely hirtellous, the flowers sessile; calyx lobes

linear-lanceolate; corolla white, hirtellous; fruit 4-5-celled, 4 mm.

long, purplish black.

Among the Venezuelan species this may be recognized at once

by its 4-5-celled fruit, that of all or most others being 2-celled.

Psychotria racemosa is one of the most widely distributed of the

American species, and often it grows abundantly in the wet lowlands.

Psychotria rhodothamna Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 201. 1930.

Esmeralda, 150 m., Tate 948 (Y), 955 (Y). Also in Amazonian

Peru and Bolivia.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 m. high, glabrous except for

the inflorescence; stipules persistent, 2-3 mm. long, short-connate,

the lobes broadly ovate-triangular, obtuse; leaves petiolate, the blades

lance-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 9-19 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, cuspid-

ate-acuminate, acute or short-acuminate at the base, often reddish-

tinged beneath along the veins, the lateral veins about 8 pairs;

inflorescence terminal, depressed-cymose, pedunculate, 1.5-3 cm.

wide, densely many-flowered, the peduncle glabrous or minutely

puberulent, the branches fastigiate, not bracted at the base, the

flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx truncate or obsoletely

5-denticulate; corolla white or ochroleucous, 5-tuberculate at the

apex in bud, pulverulaceous or glabrous, the tube 8-14 mm. long,

the lobes 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit blue, didymous, glabrous, 5-6 mm.

broad.

A member of the subgenus Psychotriopsis, section Divaricatae,

one of the most distinctive groups of the genus.

458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria rhodoleuca Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 541, 545. 1876;

in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 314. pi. 49, f. 1. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3674. San

Antonio de Orinoco, Amazonas, 100 m., humid forest, Holt &

Gehriger 250 (F). Also in adjacent Brazil.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules persistent, the sheath

1-1.5 mm. long, the 4 lobes 3^4 mm. long, subulate; leaves almost

sessile, the blades broadly elliptic-lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, 3-5

cm. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, with 8-9 pairs of veins; panicles

terminal, short-pedunculate, compact, conspicuously bracted, the

bracts linear-spatulate, acuminate, 12-17 mm. long, reddish at the

base, pale above, ciliolate; calyx 5-denticulate; corolla red or yellow,

13-16 mm. long, hispidulous above, the lobes less than half as long

as the tube; fruits by abortion mostly 1-seeded, about 3 mm. long.

Psychotria rufescens H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 192.

1819. P. micrantha HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 363. pi. 284. 1819.

In forests, Maracaibo, Moritz 970 (B). Ranging to Ecuador

and Central America.

A shrub or small tree, the branches rufous-hirsute; stipules large,

caducous, brown, bidentate at the apex; leaves petiolate, the blades

oblong, oblong-elliptic, or lance-oblong, acuminate, acute or attenu-

ate at the base, softly pubescent, especially beneath; inflorescence

terminal, pedunculate, densely pubescent, open-paniculate, radiately

branched; calyx lobes short, broad, obtuse; corolla white or greenish

yellow, pubescent, 3 mm. long; fruit pubescent, 4 mm. long, conspicu-

ously costate.

Psychotria Sancti-Caroli, sp. nov. — Frutex metralis, paniculis

floribusque rubro-purpureis, ramulis crassiusculis obtuse tetragonis

dense fulvo-hispidulis; stipulae fere liberae bipartitae erectae per-

sistentes, laciniis lineari-subulatis rigidis 12-15 mm. longis ferrugineis

hispidulis; folia majuscula breviter petiolata opposita subcoriacea,

petiolo crasso 5-7 mm. longo dense fulvo-hispidulo; lamina oblonga

14-18 cm. longa 4.5-6 cm. lata acuminata basi obtusa et interdum

abrupte contracta atque breviter decurrens, supra in sicco fusco-

flavescens, ad costam venasque impresses luteo-hispidula, subtus

densiuscule praesertim ad venas pilis brevibus lutescentibus nitidulis

hispidula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c.

13 prominentibus gracilibus angulo latiusculo interdum fere recto

abeuntibus obliquis arcuatis marginem attingentibus, nervulis pro-

minulis laxe reticulatis, margine plus minusve revoluto; inflorescentia

terminalis subcapitato-umbellata crasse 4.5-6 cm. longe pedunculata

erecta, radiis 4-5 suberectis validis densissime fulvp-hispidulis 2-2.5

cm. longis 1-2-dichotomis, ramis ultimis brevissimis, floribus ad

apices ramulorum capituliformi-congestis numerosis sessilibus,

bracteis inf erioribus ad basin ramulorum sitis lineari-lanceolatis usque

ad 7 mm. longis, illis capitulorum ovatis vel oblongis plerumque

2-3 mm. longis dense hispidulis; hypanthium cum calyce 1.5 mm.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 459

longum dense fulvo-hispidulum, calyce breviter obtuse dentato;

corolla in alabastro apice obtusa extus densissime pilis longiusculis

lutescentibus patentibus hispidula 6-7 mm. longa, tubo gracili supra

vix dilatato, lobis brevibus. — Venezuela: San Carlos, in silvis humilio-

ribus, September, 1853, R. Spruce 3120 (herb. Kew., type).

A well-marked species, related to Psychotria fulgens Muell. Arg.

and P. exannulata Muell. Arg.

Psychotria santaremica Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65:

328. 1881.

Esmeralda, 100 m., Tati 373 (Y). Also in Amazonian Brazil.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules persistent, short-connate, the

lobes triangular-subulate; leaves rhombic-elliptic, cuspidate, cuneate

at the base, glabrous or sparsely and minutely pubescent beneath,

the veins 8-11 pairs; panicle terminal, short-pedunculate, 7-8 cm.

long, umbellately 5-radiate, the branches naked at the base, the

heads 3-bracted, dense, many-flowered, the bracts of the flowers

broadly ovate, pilose; calyx cupular, 5-dentate.

Psychotria sessiliflora H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 191. 1819.

The type was collected on the Orinoco by Humboldt & Bonpland.

A photograph of the type specimen (ex herb. Berol.) is in the herba-

rium of Field Museum, but from the photograph alone it is impossible

to determine where the species should be placed. It is scarcely a Psy-

chotria, but appears to be rather one of the Spermacoceae, perhaps a

Mitracarpus. Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth do not mention the

name, and it is quite possible that they describe the plant under

some other binomial.

Psychotria spiciflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 115. 1930.

P. spicata Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 550. 1876, non Benth. 1841.

San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3089. Also in adjacent

Brazil.

Glabrous; stipules persistent, bifid, 2 mm. long, the lobes ovate,

acutish; leaves petiolate, the blades lance-ovate, 10-20 cm. long,

4-5 cm. wide, cuspidate, cuneate at the base; inflorescence terminal,

almost sessile, spicate, dense, 2 cm. long, the bracts obsolete; calyx

obscurely 5-denticulate; corolla red, 15-17 mm. long, 5-gibbous at

the apex in bud, the lobes equaling the tube.

Psychotria Spruceana (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.

7: 115. 1930. Mapouria Spruceana Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 496. 1876.

Type collected on the Rio Negro above the mouth of the Rio

Casiquiare, Spruce 33^3.

Branchlets glabrous; stipules connate into a short truncate

sheath; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance-elliptic, 8-12 cm.

460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

long, cuspidate, acute at the base, coriaceous; inflorescence terminal,

pedunculate, corymbiform, 2 cm. long and 3-3.5 cm. wide, the flowers

sessile or the ultimate ones pedicellate; calyx truncate and obtusely

5-dentate; corolla 5-7 mm. long, pulyerulent-tomentulose, the lobes

half as long as the tube; fruit ellipsoid, 6 mm. long.

Psychotria Tatei, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis crassiusculis sub-

teretibus olivaceis minute puberulis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis;

stipulae persistentes connatae brevissimae breviter bilobae vel sub-

truncatae, lobis obtusis; folia crasse cpriacea breviter petiolata

opposita, lamina ovali vel ovato-oyali mediocri vel parva apice obtusa

vel rotundata et apiculata, luteo-viridi, supra glabra, subtus ad venas

minute pilosula; inflorescentia terminalis sessilis cymoso-paniculata

laxe pauciflpra pauciramosa, ramis basilaribus reflexis, floribus sessili-

bus, bracteis minutis vel obsoletis; calyx minutus acute 5-dentatus;

corolla anguste infundibuliformis extus dense puberula, lobis tubo

duplo brevioribus.

"A low spindling shrub," apparently densely branched, the

branches rather stout, subterete or somewhat compressed, olivaceous

or fuscous, the internodes sometimes very short and sometimes

longer than the leaves, the young branches puberulent or minutely

pilosulous; stipules persistent, 2 mm. long, connate, shallowly

bilobate, the short erect lobes obtuse; leaves thick-coriaceous, yellow-

ish green, short-petiolate, opposite, the stout petioles 3-7 mm. long,

puberulent; leaf blades oval or ovate-oval, 3.5-6.5 cm. long, 2-4.5

cm. wide, or sometimes smaller, some of the leaves nearly as broad

as long, obtuse to broadly rounded at the apex and abruptly short-

apiculate, rarely acutish, at the base broadly roundep! or subtruncate,

glabrous on the upper surface and lustrous, the veins subimpressed

or at least not elevated, beneath slightly paler, minutely pilose along

the costa and veins or later glabrate, the costa stout, sharply elevated,

the veins about 7 pairs, prominent, oblique but divergent at a rather

wide angle, continued to the margin, the ultimate veins prominulous

and laxly reticulate, the margins usually revolute; inflorescence

terminal, sessile, cymose-paniculate, laxly few-flowered, 3-3.5 cm.

long and somewhat broader, trichotomous from the base, the branches

slender, puberulent, the basal ones strongly reflexed, the cymules

2-3-flowered, the flowers sessile or on puberulent pedicels 2-3 mm.

long, the bracts minute and inconspicuous; hypanthium broadly

cylindric, 1 mm. long, densely puberulent, the calyx 0.7 mm. long,

the 5 teeth broadly ovate, acute; corolla white, turning creamy

yellow, the lobes pinkish inside, very obtuse in bud, densely puberu-

lent outside, the rather stout tube 8-10 mm. long, very slightly

dilated upward, not barbate in the throat, the 5 lobes ascending,

oblong, obtuse, 4 mm. long, glabrous within; stamens included;

style filiform, glabrous. — Venezuela: Mount Duida, slopes at Central

Camp, alt. 1,440 m., G. H. H. Tate 568 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.,

type; duplicate in herb. Field Mus.). Slopes at Central Camp, 1,440

m., Tate 1039 (Y).

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 461

The second collection cited has smaller leaves than the type, but

otherwise appears to be conspecific. The affinities of Psychotria Tatei

are altogether uncertain, but it seems to be a well-marked species,

notable for the reflexed lower branches of the inflorescence, and for

the very thick and handsome leaves.

Psychotria tenuifolia Sw. is listed by Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez.

673. 1928, but for what reason is not apparent, since no Venezuelan

records are mentioned. The species is known only from the West

Indies.

Psychotria uliginosa Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788.

Between El Aguacatal and Alto de Cogollal, Distrito Federal,

1,000-2,150 m., Pittier 9237 (G, W, Y). Puerto La Cruz, Distrito

Federal, Pittier 8078 (W). Colonia Tovar, 1,700-2,300 m., Pittier

9351 (G, W, Y). Near San Joaquin, 480-1,200 m., Pittier 8026 (W);

at 1,200 m., Fendler 2553 (G). El Portachuelo, Aragua, Pittier 11365

(W, Y). "Eleanor Creek," Rusby & Squires 140 (W; distributed

as Rudgea longistipula Muell. Arg.). Colonia Tovar, 1,800-2,100 m.,

Fendler 54-8 (G, K, M); Karsten (L). Galipan, Prov. Caracas,

Funck & Schlim 117 (P). Also in the Guianas, Central America,

and the West Indies.

Plants chiefly herbaceous and usually simple, 1.5 m. high or

less, glabrous or nearly so: leaves fleshy or leathery, petiolate, the

blades obovate or elliptic, 25-30 cm. long, 10-12 cm. wide, acuminate,

usually tapering to the base, pale beneath; stipules persistent, some-

what fleshy, short; panicles axillary, long-pedunculate, trichotomous,

the flowers densely clustered; calyx 5-dentate; corolla white, 6 mm.

long, the lobes half as long as the tube, barbate in the throat; fruit

red, 6 mm. long, the nutlets strongly compressed.

The plant is a rather handsome and showy one, growing normally

in deep wet forest and usually at low elevations.

Psychotria undata Jacq. PI. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 5. pi. 260.

1798. P. rufescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 364. 1819.

Type of P. rufescens from Caripe at 1,000 m., Humboldt &

Bonpland. Prov. Cumana, Moritz 389 (B). Colombia to Mexico

and the West Indies.

A shrub with rufous-hirsute branches; stipules large, thin, brown,

caducous, obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong-elliptic

to oblong-obpvate, acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base, rufous-

pilose, especially beneath, thin; inflorescences terminal and axillary,

sessile, short, rufous-pilose, the flowers in small dense glomerules;

calyx truncate; corolla white, pubescent, 3-4 mm. long; fruit pubes-

cent, 5 mm. long, the nutlets coarsely costate.

Psychotria vasivensis (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Mapouria

vasivensis Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 460, 466. 1876.

462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Type from the region of the rivers Vasiva, Casiquiare, and Paci-

moni, Spruce 3334.

Glabrous or nearly so; stipules 5 mm. long, broadly ovate, acutish,

deciduous; leaves long-petiolate, the blades ovate-lanceolate, 10-13

cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at the base, thinly coria-

ceous, the veins 7-10 pairs; panicle terminal, pedunculate, narrow,

interrupted-spiciform, the flowers glomerate, the bracts narrowly

lanceolate, longer than the calyx; calyx 5-dentate; fruit oblong-

ellipsoid, 7 mm. long.

Psychotria vernicifolia, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi fusci minutis-

sime puberuli, internodiis abbreviatis; stipulae persistentes connatae,

vagina ad medium biloba, Ipbis late rotundatis; folia coriacea oppo-

sita breviter petiolata, lamina ovata vel ovato-oblonga parva acu-

minata basi obtusa vel rotundata glabra; inflorescentiae terminales

sessiles e basi trichotomae e cymis 3 dense paucifloris compositae,

ramis dense hirtellis, floribus sessilibus, bracteis minutis vel obsoletis;

calyx minutus breviter dentatus; corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis

extus dense puberula.

Apparently densely branched, the branches stout, fuscous or

somewhat ferruginous, subterete or the younger ones 4-angulate,

densely and minutely puberulent, the internodes very short; stipules

persistent, erect, 2.5-3 mm. long, connate, bilobate to the middle,

the lobes rounded, separated by a broad sinus, glabrous, greenish;

leaves thick-coriaceous, yellowish green when dried, short-petiolate,

opposite, the stout petiole 3-4 mm. long, puberulent or glabrate;

leaf blades ovate or ovate-oblong, 3-5 cm. long, 1.3-2.5 cm. wide,

gradually acuminate or long-acuminate, the tip acute, rounded or

obtuse at the base, glabrous or when young very minutely puberulent

along the costa, lustrous on both surfaces and appearing as if var-

nished, the costa prominulous on the upper surface, the veins subim-

pressed, beneath almost concolorous, the costa stout, elevated, the

veins about 6 pairs, oblique, ascending at an acute angle, slightly

arcuate, anastomosing along the margin, the ultimate veins pro-

minulous and laxly reticulate but inconspicuous, the margins slightly

thickened and often revolute; inflorescences terminal, sessile, 3-rayed,

the slender rays 1 cm. long or less, hirtellous, each bearing a dense

cyme 1 cm. broad or less of rather few sessile flowers, the bracts

minute or obsolete; hypanthium obovoid, 0.6 mm. long, minutely

hirtellous, the calyx of the same length, shallowly dentate, the teeth

broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish, puberulent; corolla densely and

minutely puberulent outside, the slender tube 4-5 mm. long, scarcely

dilated above, not barbate in the throat, the lobes oblong, obtuse,

1.5 mm. long, spreading, the corolla in bud broadly rounded at the

apex; stamens included, the filiform style exserted, puberulent. —

Venezuela: Mount Duida, summit of Peak No. 7, alt. 2,130 m.,

G. H. H. Tate 628 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; photo, in herb.

Field Mus.).

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 463

Related to P. Everardii Wernham, which was described from

Roraima, the leaves of the two species being similar in size and

shape. In P. Everardii the inflorescence is pedunculate, and the

leaves have more numerous veins.

Psychotria viburnoides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 361. 1819.

Type from Atures on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland (photo,

and fragm. of type ex herb. Eerol. in herb. Field Mus.).

Branches glabrous; stipules caducous, ovate, acute; leaves petio-

late, the blades oblong or lance-oblong, about 15 cm. long and 5

cm. wide, obtusely short-acuminate, narrowed to the base, coria-

ceous, green above, brownish beneath, glabrous; inflorescence terminal,

cymose-corymbose, pedunculate, trichotomous, the branches gla-

brous, the flowers subternate, the central one sessile, the lateral

ones short-pedicellate; calyx 5-dentate; corolla glabrous outside,

barbate in the throat, the lobes equaling the tube.

69. PALICOUREA Aubl.

Palicourea andaluciana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 220. 1930.

Tabay, 2,300 m., moist quebrada, Gehriger 388 (F). Also in

Colombia.

A shrub or small tree, said to be sometimes 10 m. high, the

branchlets glabrous; stipule sheath 3-4 mm. long, the lobes very

short or obsolete; leaves petiolate, the blades subcoriaceous, oblanceo-

late-oblong, 6-13 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, nar-

rowed to the base; inflorescence sessile or pedunculate, broadly

cymose-paniculate, more or less corymbiform, 6-11 cm. long and

broad, the branches sparsely puberulent or glabrate, the flowers

sessile or pedicellate; calyx short, remotely and unequally dentate;

corolla 11-12 mm. long, densely and minutely puberulent, the lobes

obtuse, 2 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 5 mm. long, glabrous.

Palicourea angustifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 367. 1819.

Psychotria, stenophylla Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 744. 1825. Palicourea

querceticola Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 332. 1908.

Palicourea Moritzii Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 283. 1917.

Type locality given doubtfully as banks of the Orinoco and Rio

Negro, Humboldt & Bonpland; if the species is interpreted correctly,

that locality probably is wrong, for the plant grows in the mountains.

Cerro de Galipan, Eggers 13559 (F, W). Caracas, Birschel (G).

Sanchorquiz to Galipan, 1,700 m., Pittier 9576 (G, W, Y). Los

Venados, near Caracas, Allart 91 (W, Y). Colonia Tovar, 1,950

m., Fendler 554 (G, K, M, Y); Moritz 844 (B, K, L, W; type collec-

tion of Palicourea Moritzii). In monte El Avila supra Caracas,

Woronow 7451 (L), 7409 (L). Galipan, April, 1854, Gollmer (B);

Preuss 1906 (B); Funck & Schlim 166 (P). Also in the mountains

of Colombia.

464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub or small tree 1-5 m. high, the branchlets densely puberu-

lent or rarely glabrous; stipule sheath 4-6 mm. long, the lobes subu-

late, erect, equaling or longer than the sheath; leaves short-petiolate,

the blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6-23 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide,

long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, usually puberulent or

pilose beneath, at least on the veins; panicle pedunculate, thyrsoid,

many-flowered, open or dense, often as long as the leaves, the branches

commonly ascending and densely puberulent or pilose, the bracts

minute; flowers pedicellate; calyx minute, acutely dentate; corolla

tubular, 10-15 mm. long or even longer, usually puberulent or short-

pilose but sometimes glabrate; fruit 4-5 mm. long, purple-black.

The color of the corolla is described by the collectors as "purple,"

"violet-blue," or even "white." The specimens cited are somewhat

variable, and they may represent more than a single species.

Wernham recorded the native country of Palicourea Moritzii

incorrectly as Colombia.

Palicourea apicata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 367. pi. 285.

1819. Uragoga apicata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 300. 1891.

Type from the southern slope of the Silla de Caracas, Humboldt

& Bonpland. Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 556 (G, K, M) ; Moritz

1884 (K). Caracas, Linden 340 (K, P). Prov. Me'rida, 1,950 m.,

Funck & Schlim 916 (P). Perhaps also in Colombia.

A glabrous shrub; stipule sheath elongate, sometimes longer than

the petioles, obscurely bidentate; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong

or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 6.5-13 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, acuminate,

narrowed to the base, subcoriaceous, paler beneath; inflorescence

cymose-paniculate, sessile, lax, rather few-flowered, shorter than the

leaves, the branches ascending or spreading, the flowers pedicellate;

calyx lobes minute, acute or obtuse; corolla 8-9 mm. long, purple,

glabrous; fruit subglobose, blue.

Palicourea circinata (H. & B.), comb. nov. Psychotria cir-

cinata H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 190. 1819. Palicourea elliptica

HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 369. 1819.

Type of P. elliptica from Angostura, Humboldt & Bonpland. That

of P. circinata is probably the same.

Branches glabrate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire (?); leaves

opposite, short-petiolate, rounded-elliptic, acute, rounded at the base,

coriaceous, pubescent beneath, about 9 cm. long; panicles subsessile,

12.5 cm. long, the branches short, sparse, dichotomous, spreading,

glabrate, the bracts linear-subulate; flowers pedicellate; corolla

glabrous, 8 mm. long, the lobes ovate, obtuse.

Known to the writer only from description.

Palicourea corymbifera (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.

7: 127. 1930. Psychotria corymbifera Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

65: 247. 1881.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 465

Reported by Mueller from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce

3486. San Carlos, Amazonas, 100 m., in open places, Holt &Gehriger

291 (F). Also in Brazil and Peru.

Branchlets glabrous; leaves quaternate; stipule sheath 3 mm.

long, bidentate, the teeth scarcely 1 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic-

lanceolate, 13-20 cm. long, cuspidate, acute at the base, minutely

puberulent on the veins; panicle umbelliform, 6-9 cm. broad, the

lowest branches ver titillate; calyx 10-denticulate; corolla 8 mm.

long, ferruginous- tomentulose; fruits 5 mm. broad.

According to notes accompanying specimens collected recently

in Peru and at Manaos, Brazil, this is a shrub or tree 2-7.5 m. high;

branches of the inflorescence and the calyx bright yellow; corolla

red or violet.

Palicourea costata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 366. 1819.

Type from the banks of the Orinoco and Rio Negro, Humboldt

& Bonpland.

Young branches villous; stipules connate, bifid, the lobes linear;

leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades oblong, acuminate, acute at

the base, 7.5-8.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, membranaceous, reticulate-

veined, hirtous beneath on the nerves; inflorescence paniculate, the

peduncle 7.5 cm. long, the branches spreading, villous-hirtous, the

bracts linear-lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long; flowers pedicellate, 12 mm.

long; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla hirtellous, the lobes oblong,

acutish.

Known to the writer only from the original description.

Palicourea crocea (Sw.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 193. 1819.

Psychotria crocea Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788. Uragoga crocea

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 299. 1891.

Colonia Tovar, Fendler 558 (G, M), 588 (G), 558b (G), 554b (G);

alt. 1,700-2,300 m., Pittier 10062 (G, P, W). Carapas, Tate 9 (W).

Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 207 (F, M, W). Cano del Guinipa,

Bond, Gillin & Brown 107 (W, Y). Cumand, Funck 84 (P) ; at 1,200

m., Funck 80 (K, L). Andes of Trujillo and Me"rida, Linden 494

(P). Prov. Me"rida, 2,100 m., Funck & Schlim 1521 (P). M^rida,

Engel (L). Without locality, Funck & Schlim 896 (L, P). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

A nearly glabrous shrub 1-3 m. high; stipules 3-5 mm. long,

the lobes short, linear or subulate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades

ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, thin, 6-15 cm. long, long-acuminate,

acute or obtuse at the base, glabrous or nearly so; panicles sessile

or pedunculate, pyramidal, many-flowered, the branches ascending

or spreading, glabrous or puberulent, the bracts minute; flowers

usually long-pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, ovate or rounded; corolla

yellow to orange or red, tubular, 8-12 mm. long, stout, glabrous;

fruit 4-5 mm. long.

466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Palicourea fastigiata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 368. 1819.

Psychotria fastigiata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 742. 1825. Palicourea

riparia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 224. 1841.

Type from banks of the Orinoco near Atures, Humboldt &

Bonpland (photo, in F). Los Teques, Miranda, 1,400 m., Pittier

7503 (W). Rio Manimo to Vuelta Triste, Bond, Gillin & Brown 146

(W, Y). Maipures, Spruce (K). San Fernando, on the Orinoco,

Chaff anjon (P). Without locality, Funck 168 (K, P). Widely dis-

tributed in tropical America.

A shrub or small tree, glabrous or nearly so; stipules usually less

than 5 mm. long, bifid, the lobes broad, acute or obtuse; leaves

short-petiplate, thin, the blades elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong,

medium-sized, acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base, glabrous;

inflorescence pedunculate, cymose-cprymbose, small, dense, few- or

many-flowered, the branches asceriding or erect, usually puberulent;

flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, ovate or rounded; corolla

glabrous, 8-10 mm. long, tubular, yellow or orange; fruit subglobose,

4-5 mm. long, purple-black.

Pittier reports the vernacular name as "cafe1 de monte."

Palicourea Fendleri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 65. 1930.

Between Maracay and Choroni, 1,650 m., Fendler 1983 (G, type;

K). Puerto Cruz, Distrito Federal, 900 m., Whitford 59 (G). Caracas,

Birschel (G, K).

A shrub, the branches glabrous; stipules 3-4 mm. long, short-

connate, deeply bifid, the lobes ovate, obtuse or rounded; leaves

petiolate, the blades narrowly lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 10-19 cm.

long, 3-7.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base,

thick-papyraceous, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-paniculate or sub-

corymbose, long-pedunculate, laxly few-flowered, 3-5.5 cm. long,

3.5-7 cm. wide, the branches minutely puberulent; flowers pedicel-

late; calyx lobes minute, broadly rounded; corolla minutely yellow-

tomentose outside; fruit subglobose, 6-7 mm. long, glabrous.

A relative of P. guianensis, but differing in its narrow leaves

and small stipules.

Palicourea grandiflora (HBK.), comb. nov. Nonatelia grandi-

flora HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 422. 1819.

Type collected in forests of the Orinoco and Rio Tuamini, near

Javita, Humboldt & Bonpland.

A shrub or small tree, the branches glabrous; stipules connate,

bifid, 4 mm. long; leaves petiolate, membranaceous, the blades

elliptic-oblong, about 20 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the base,

glabrous; inflorescence corymbose, terminal, long-pedunculate, the

branches pubescent, the bracts minute, subulate, the flowers pedicel-

late; calyx minute, glabrous; corolla tubular, 2.5 cm. long, pink,

pubescent, the lobes acute; fruit oval, 5-celled.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 467

I have seen no material of this species, which belongs to a group

well represented in the Amazon Valley.

Palicpurea guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 173. pi. 66. 1775.

Psychotria guianensis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 33: 48. 1893.

San Felix, Tachira, Curran & Haman 1006 (F, G). Casiquiare,

Spruce (K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A nearly glabrous shrub or tree, sometimes 9 m. high, with a

trunk 10 cm. in diameter; stipules 8-10 mm. long, biparted, the lobes

lanceolate or ovate, obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, large, thin, the

blades elliptic-oblong to ovate or elliptic, acuminate, acute to almost

rounded at the base, glabrous or nearly so; panicles large, thyrsoid,

pedunculate, dense, many-flowered, the branches ascending or spread-

ing, glabrous or puberulent, the bracts subulate, inconspicuous;

flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, deltoid, obtuse or acute;

corolla yellow or orange, tubular, 10-18 mm. long, densely furfura-

ceous-tomentose or glabrate; fruit ovoid, 4-5 mm. long.

Curran reports the vernacular name as "cafecito," and states

that the wood is used for the framework of thatched roofs.

Palicourea Jahnii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 65. 1930.

Paramo Quirora, M&ida, 3,200 m., Jahn 704 (W, type; G, Y).

Paramo de Morro, MeYida, 2,700 m., Jahn 1064 (W). Paramo del

Molino, 2,600 m., Jahn 939 (W), 952 (W). Laguna Grande, Paramo

Mucuchies, MeYida, 3,300 m., Bellard 38 (W).

Branches glabrous; stipule sheath 1-2 mm. long, the lobes tri-

angular, 1-1.5 mm. long, appressed; leaves petiolate, glabrous,

coriaceous, the blades elliptic, 4-12 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, acutish

to almost rounded at the apex, acute or obtuse at the base; inflores-

cence pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, densely many-flowered, 3-6

cm. long and 3.5-8 cm. wide, the branches minutely puberulent;

flowers pedicellate; calyx 5-dentate, the teeth broadly triangular,

acute; corolla 6-7 mm. long, minutely papillose, the lobes obtuse, 1

mm. long; fruit didymous-globose, 4 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, glabrous,

fleshy and juicy.

Palicourea longistipulata (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus.

Bot. 7: 140. 1930. Psychotria longistipulata Muell. Arg. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 65: 248. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3697.

Branches sparsely puberulent; stipules 12 mm. long, the lobes

linear-subulate; leaves short-petiolate, rigidly membranaceous, the

blades broadly lanceolate, 6-18 cm. long, cuspidate, acute at the

base, villosulous above along the veins, pubescent beneath; inflores-

cence corymbose, umbelliform, pedunculate, fulvous-pubescent; calyx

shallowly 5-lobate, the lobes rounded-obtuse; corolla 8 mm. long,

fulvous- villosulous; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, hispidulous, 5 mm. long.

468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Palicourea lyristipula Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 339. 1917.

Me"rida, Moritz (F). San Jacinto, Prov. M4rida, 1,650 m., Funck

& Schlim 1500 (P). Also in Colombia.

Branches quadrangular, densely pubescent; stipules 13 mm. long,

the lobes lanceolate, acute, scarcely equaling the sheath; leaves

petiolate, firm-chartaceous, the blades obovate or elliptic, subacu-

minate, narrowed to the base, 9-17 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, pubescent

beneath on the veins; inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, about 20

cm. long and 7 cm. broad, lax, many-flowered, the branches glabrate,

the bracts subsetaceous, small and inconspicuous; flowers mostly

pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; corolla glabrous,

orange, the tube 12 mm. long, the obtuse lobes 2 mm. long.

Palicourea macrophylla (HBK.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:

1931. Nonatelia macrophylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 423. 1819.

Type from forests of the Orinoco near Javita, Humboldt &

Bonpland. Agiiita, Mount Duida, 930 m., Tate 886 (F, Y). Ranging

from British Guiana to Peru and Bolivia.

A tree 3.5-7.5 m. high, the branches glabrous; leaves petiolate,

the blades large, broadly elliptic to ovate or oblong-elliptic, abruptly

short-acuminate, acute to rounded at the base, glabrous above,

sparsely pubescent or glabrate beneath; panicles pedunculate, large,

thyrsiform, rather densely many-flowered, the branches rather

densely pubescent; flowers pedicellate; calyx 5-dentate, the teeth

acute; branches of the inflorescence yellow; corolla yellow or with

yellow lobes and white tube, densely short-pilose, 1 cm. long, the

lobes short; fruit purple or bluish purple, subglobose, 4-5-celled.

Palicourea macro thyrsa (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria

macrothyrsa Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 225. 1881.

Type from the region of the rivers Casiquiare, Vasiva, and

Pacimoni, Spruce.

Stipules triangular-ovate, obtuse, connate below; leaf blades

rhombic-ovate, thinly coriaceous, 18-22 cm. long, 10-12 cm. wide,

acuminate, acute at the base, with 16-20 pairs of veins, softly pubes-

cent beneath on the veins; panicle 10 cm. long and 7-8 cm. wide,

thyrsoid, pedunculate, ferruginous-tomentulose, densely many-

flowered; calyx 5-dentate, the teeth very shortly triangular; corolla

2 cm. long, ferruginous-furfuraceous, the lobes one-third as long as

the tube.

Palicourea nitidella (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7:

142. 1930. Psychotria nitidella Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65:

250. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3121.

Stipules lanceolate, long-acuminate; leaves petiolate, coriaceous,

the blades ovate or elliptic, 7-13 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, acutely

acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous, with 5-11 pairs of veins;

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 469

panicle long-pedunculate, compact, corymbiform, the bracts tri-

angular; calyx obsoletely 5-dentate; corolla 14 mm. long, furfura-

ceous-tomentulose, the lobes about one-fifth as long as the tube.

Palicourea obscurata (Muell. Arg.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.

7: 143. 1930. Psychotria obscurata Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

65: 253. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3046. Atabapo,

in forest, Koch-Grunberg 52 (B). Orinoco, Ayres (B). San Carlos,

Amazonas, 100 m., Holt & Gehriger 297 (F).

A shrub or small tree with glabrous branchlets; stipules triangular-

ovate, 4 mm. long, obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous-

membranaceous, the blades ovate, 9-16 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide,

cuspidate-acuminate, glabrous, with 9-11 pairs of veins; panicle

short-pedunculate, subglobose, 2 cm. long, the flowers minutely

pulverulent- tomentulose; calyx obsoletely 5-denticulate; corolla 7

mm. long.

Palicourea obtusata Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 210.

1914.

Type from forests of Mount Roraima, at 1,900 m., Ule 8777

(photo, and fragm. of type, ex herb. Berol., in herb. Field Mus.).

A shrub 1-2 m. high, the branchlets sparsely pubescent; stipules

broadly ovate, 5-6 mm. long, divided almost to the middle into 2

linear acute teeth; leaves petiolate, thin-coriaceous, the blades ovate-

oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 12-15 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, short-

acuminate, truncate or subemarginate at the base, pilose beneath,

especially along the veins; panicles 6-8 cm. long, the flowers short-

pedicellate, the rachis puberulent, purplish; calyx divided almost

to the base into 5 teeth 1 mm. long; corolla pale yellow, 7-8 mm.

long, sparsely pilose; fruit ovoid, 4-5 mm. long.

Palicourea perquadrangularis Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 341.

1917. P. Lindenii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 138. 1930.

Prov. Carabobo, 1,200 m., Funck & Schlim 542 (P, L, type

collection). Without locality, Funck & Schlim 1297 (L). Colonia

Tovar, Karsten (L). Galipan, May, 1874, Kuntze (W). Between

Maracay and Ocumare, Aragua, Pittier 11809 (B, K, P, W, Y).

Near Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m., Fendler 553 (G, K, M, Y). Carapas,

1,680 m., Tate 10 (W). Hacienda Puerto la Cruz, Distrito Federal,

Pittier 8077 (W). Me"rida, Moritz848 (K, L), 972 (B, K). Colonia

Tovar, Moritz 1886 (K). Andes of Trujillo and M6rida, Linden 281

(K, P). Colonia Tovar, Karsten 1 (B); Karsten (L). Without

locality, Linden 1079 (F). Also in Colombia.

A shrub or small tree, usually about 3 m. high, the branches

sharply quadrangular, glabrous; stipule sheath 5-10 mm. long,

truncate, biaristate, the aristae as long as the sheath; leaves short-

petiolate, thick and firm, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 12-25

cm. long, 5-11 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, acute at the

470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

base, with many pairs of veins, hirsute-pilosulous beneath along the

costa; panicle pedunculate or sessile, thyrsiform, usually elongate

(up to 30 cm.) and narrow, the short branches spreading or even

reflexed, glabrous, the bracts small and inconspicuous; flowers mostly

long-pedicellate; calyx 2.5-3 mm. long, the lobes ovate, obtuse;

corolla purple or purplish white, reported also as azure-blue, gla-

brous, the tube 6 mm. long, the short lobes obtuse; fruit purplish,

5 mm. long.

Wernham (loc. cit.) reports Pearce 12 from "Muna," which is

presumably a Peruvian collection. Its determination is open to

question.

Palicourea petiolaris HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 370. 1819.

Psychotria petiolaris Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1 : 745. 1825.

Type from Cerro Tumiriquiri, at 1,000 m., Humboldt &Bonpland.

High ridge north of Caracas, 1,800 m., Eggers 13186 (F, W). Los

Teques, Miranda, 1,400 m., Pittier 7512 (W), 10431 (G, W, Y).

South of Colonia Tovar, 1,500-1,950 m., Fendler 555 (G). El Valle,

Eggers 13187 (W). Middle Cotiza, near Caracas, 1,000-1,400 m.,

Pittier 7849 (W). Cerro del Galipan, 1,350-1,800 m., Eggers 13576

(W). Sanchorquiz, 1,500 m., Eggers 13423 (W). Mountains near

Galipan, E. Pittier 89 (W, Y). Upper Cotiza, near Caracas, Pittier

7190 (W). Caracas, Birschel (G). Galipan, Allart 162 (W, Y).

Cerros del Avila, Distrito Federal, 1,600 m., E. Pittier 47 (W, G, Y).

Hills above Los Teques, Miranda, Pittier 11615 (P, W, Y). Caracas,

Warming 163 (W). Cumana, Funck 88 (K, L, P). Above Guayabo,

Prov. Caracas, 1,050 m., Birschel (K). El Avila, above Caracas,

Woronow 7212 (F, L), 7464 (L). Galipan, 1,700-1,800 m., Preuss

1907 (B). San Cristobal, Prov. MeYida, Linden 360 (P). San

Felipe, Prov. Barquisimeto, Funck & Schlim 679 (P). Prov. Me"rida,

2,100 m., Funck & Schlim 1520 (P).

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree, usually 1-3 m. high;

stipules 4-6 mm. long, bifid, the lobes short, obtuse or acute; leaves

long-petiolate, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, usually acute

but sometimes obtuse or even rounded at each end, with numerous

pairs of veins, glabrous; panicle long-pedunculate, thyrsoid, minutely

puberulent, usually 7-14 cm. long and 5-8 cm. wide, the branches

ascending or spreading, the bracts minute; flowers short-pedicellate;

calyx lobes minute, rounded; corolla minutely puberulent, 8 mm.

long, whitish or greenish yellow; fruit glabrous, 4 mm. long.

In the original description the plant is described as a tree of 18 m.,

but such a size is altogether improbable in this genus. The vernacular

name is reported by Pittier as "caf£ de monte."

Palicourea Pittieri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 66. 1930.

Silla de Caracas, Distrito Federal, 2,000-2,640 m., Pittier 8346a

(W, type). Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m., Fendler 559 (G, M, K, Y);

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 471

alt. 2,000 m., Jahn 450 (W), 1203 (W). Upper belt of Pico de Nai-

guata, Miranda, 2,400-2,765 m., Pittier 6242 (B, W, Y). On high

river margin, Lora River, Zulia, Pittier 10948 (W, Y). Colonia

Tovar, in forest, Woronow 7189 (L). Without locality, Moritz 376

(L). M<§rida, Engel (L); Moritz 974a (B). Tabay, 2,200 m., moist

forest> Gehriger 406 (F). Andes of Trujillo and MeYida, Linden

298 (P). Prov. Mdrida, 1,800 m., Funck & Schlim 1520 (P). Prov.

Caracas, Linden 214 (P).

A glabrous shrub 1.5-3 m. high; stipule sheath 1-2 mm. long,

the 4 lobes triangular-oblong, 1-2 mm. long, acute; leaves short-

petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades narrowly oblong-lanceolate or

lance-oblong, 4.5-13 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, long-acuminate or rarely

acute, acute or obtuse at the base, glabrous, the veins about 13

pairs; inflorescence pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, dense, few- or

many-flowered, 1.5-4 cm. long, the branches minutely puberulent,

the bracts subulate, 1-2 mm. long; flowers subsessile or on pedicels

as much as 6 mm. long; calyx teeth minute, acute or obtuse; corolla

blue or white, 11-17 mm. long, glabrous outside; fruit ovoid-globose,

5-6 mm. long, glabrous, black.

Palicourea rigida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 370. 1819.

Psychotria rigida Bredem. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 192. 1819. Psy-

chotria byrsophylla Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 747. 1825.

Type material collected near Quetepe and on Cerro Cocollar,

Humboldt & Bonpland (photo, in F). Type of P. byrsophylla from

Cumand, Bredemeyer. Mene Grande, Zulia, Pittier 10562 (G, W).

Valencia, Carabobo, 400-800 m., Pittier 8738 (G, W). Hacienda

de Cura, near San Joaquin, Carabobo, 480-1,200 m., Pittier 7921

(W). Near Colonia Tovar, 1,650 m., Fendler 552 (F, G, M). Widely

distributed in South America.

A shrub or small tree 2-3 m. high, or often lower, glabrous or

nearly so, the branches conspicuously corky-thickened; stipule lobes

short, acuminate; leaves opposite, sessile or nearly so, coriaceous,

stiff, yellowish when dried, large, elliptic or broadly ovate, acute

or short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base; inflorescence

long-pedunculate, rounded-ovoid, dense, many-flowered, minutely

puberulent or glabrate, the bracts lance-subulate; calyx lobes almost

obsolete; corolla yellow, furfuraceous-puberulent, 12-14 mm. long,

the lobes very short; fruit 5-6 mm. long, black.

The vernacular name is reported (HBK.) as "chaparro bobo."

This species may be recognized readily by the very thick, corky-

thickened branches. The binomial Psychotria rigida Bredem. pre-

sumably is older than Palicourea rigida HBK., but since the latter

was published without reference to Bredemeyer's name, Bredemeyer

should not be inserted in parenthesis as an author of the binomial

Palicourea rigida.

472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria subcrocea Muell. Arg. — This species, which is really

a member of the genus Palicourea, is listed by Knuth, Init. Fl.

Venez. 673. 1928, from Roraima, collected by Ule. I have not seen

the collection on which the report is based. The species, however,

is doubtfully distinct from Palicourea crocea, and the specimen so

reported is perhaps referable to that species.

Palicourea triphylla DC. Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. Psychotria

triphylla Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 233. pi. 32. 1881.

Esmeralda, 150 m., Tate 956 (Y). Ranging from Central America

to the Guianas, Trinidad, northern Brazil, and Bolivia.

A shrub 1-2.5 m. high, the terete branches glabrous or nearly

so; stipule lobes linear, 6-10 mm. long; leaves ternate, short-petiolate,

the blades oblong or obovate-oblong, long-acuminate, usually acute

at the base, puberulent, especially beneath, or finally glabrate;

inflorescence long-pedunculate, narrowly pyramidal-paniculate,

dense, many-flowered, short-pilose, the bracts linear-subulate, the

branches orange; flowers pedicellate; calyx red, the teeth obtuse;

corolla yellow, furfuraceous-puberulent, 12-15 mm. long; fruit black.

The species may be recognized immediately, among those known

from Venezuela, by its ternate leaves.

Palicourea vagans Wernham (Journ. Bot. 55: 281. 1917) was

reported by Wernham from Venezuela, upon the basis of Funck &

Schlim 1296. That collection, however, according to one fully

labeled specimen which I have seen, was obtained in Pamplona,

Colombia.

70. NERTERA Banks & Soland.

Nertera depressa Banks & Soland. ex Gaertn. Fruct. 1 : 124. pi.

26. 1788.

Reported by HBK. (Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 379. 1819) from the Silla

de Caracas, at 1,600 m. It is remarkable that the plant has not been

collected in Venezuela by more recent visitors, but I have seen no

specimens. The species is widely distributed in the mountains of

Central and South America.

A slender creeping herb, forming dense mats on banks and logs,

nearly glabrous; leaves opposite, petiolate, rounded-ovate; flowers

minute, axillary; fruit a bright red, juicy, globose drupe, containing

2 nutlets.

71. TOBAGOA Urban

Tobagoa maleolens Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 14: 343. 1916.

Diodia Ottonis Schum. ex Pittier, PI. Usual. Venez. 338. 1926,

hyponym.

Mamo Electric Plant, Distrito Federal, in shady woods, Pittier

11086 (W, Y). Caruao, Distrito Federal, in plantations, Pittier

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 473

11935 (W, Y). Caracas, Otto 673 (B, type of D. Ottonis). Also in

Tobago.

Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, often 1 m. long, slender,

much branched, the stems glabrous; foliage blackening when dried;

leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate, very long-acuminate, commonly

1-2.5 cm. wide, nearly glabrous; flowers white, clustered in the leaf

axils; corolla 3 mm. long; sepals 4; capsule 1.5 mm. long, globose,

glabrous or nearly so.

"Namu," "peo." The plant is reported to have an offensive

odor, suggestive of that of carbon bisulphide.

72. MITRACARPUS Zucc.

Mitracarpus frigidus (Willd.) Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. 66:

81. 1888. Spermacoce frigida Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 531.

1818; HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 349. 1819.

Type from the Silla de Caracas, at 1,560 m., Humboldt & Bon-

pland (photo, in F). Near Colonia Tovar, 1,200 m., Fendler 606

(G, Y); at 1,940 m., Fendler 607 (G, Y). Between Cotiza and Los

Venados, near Caracas, Allart 45 (W, Y). Mendoza. Trujillo, dry

slopes, Pittier 12629 (W, Y). Silla de Caracas, Kuntze 1643 (Y).

Hacienda de Cura, Carabobo, 480-1,200 m., Pittier 8011 (W),

7972 (W). Cerro de Galipan, Eggers 13210 (W). Paramo Agua de

Obispo, 2,500 m., John 1172 (W, Y). Upper Cotiza, near Caracas,

1,400 m., Pittier 7401 (W). Silla de Caracas, Lassen 121 (F, W).

Pico de Naiguata, Miranda, 1,200-1,900 m., Pittier 6281 (W).

Between Valera and Monte Carmela, Trujillo, August, 1923, de

Bellard (W). Silla de Caracas, 2,000-2,600 m., Pittier 8321 (W).

Ranging to Colombia, the Guianas, and Brazil.

A perennial herb, the stems erect or trailing, sometimes 90 cm.

long, puberulent or hispidulous; leaves lanceolate, green, pubescent;

inflorescence consisting of 5-9 distant globose dense many-flowered

subverticillate heads; ovary glabrous; sepals 4, unequal, ciliate,

pungent, 2 mm. long; corolla white, 3-4 mm. long, papillose outside;

capsule 1 mm. long, glabrous.

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 572. 1830. Spermacoce

hirta L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 148. 1762. S. diffusa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst.

Veg. 3: 531. 1818; HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 343. 1819. S. villosa

Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 29. 1788. M. villosus C. & S. Linnaea 3:

363. 1828.

Type of S. diffusa from "locis arenosis Provinciae Varinensis,"

along the Rio Apure, Humboldt & Bonpland. Divedive, Trujillo,

in savannas, Pittier 10805 (W, Y). Puerto Escondido, Distrito

Federal, arid savannas, Pittier 13402 (F). Sarare, in 1894, Geay

(P). Widely distributed as a weed in tropical America.

A slender, erect, usually much-branched annual, hispidulous or

glabrate; leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute, scabrous or villous;

474 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

flowers in dense axillary clusters; ovary pilose; sepals unequal, ovate,

acute, ciliate, 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla white, 1-2 mm. long; capsule

subglobose, bisulcate, pilose, 0.6-0.8 mm. long.

Mitracarpus microspermus Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 83.

1888.

Raudal de Atures, sandy soil, Gaillard 208 (P). Also in the

Guianas, and reported from Guatemala.

A slender annual, usually 10 cm. high or less, simple or branched,

the stems pilose; leaves linear, acuminate, 5-10 mm. long, sessile

and sometimes subauriculate, aculeolate-serrulate; flowers in globose

terminal heads 2-4 mm. in diameter; ovary glabrous; sepals cuspidate,

glabrous, 1 mm. long; corolla white, 1-2 mm. long; capsule subglo-

bose, glabrous, 0.5 mm. long.

73. PERAMA Aubl.

Perama dichotoma Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 29.

pi 235. 1845.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 91. 1889) from

Roraima, Schomburgk 968. Also in Amazonian Brazil.

A slender annual, the stems solitary or geminate, erect, trichot-

omous, glabrous, filiform; leaves rosulate, oval or ovate, 1.5-3 cm.

long, acute, sessile or petiolate, pilose above, pubescent beneath on

the veins, the cauline leaves 1-3.5 cm. long; flowers capitate, the

heads subglobose, few-flowered; ovary glabrous; sepals ovate, ciliate,

0.5 mm. long, sometimes serrulate; corolla villous in the throat, 2.5

mm. long; capsule trigonous, 1 mm. long; seeds transversely lineolate.

Perama galioides (HBK.) Poir. Diet. Sci. Nat. 38: 414. 1825.

Mattuschkea galioides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 272. 1819.

Type from Esmeralda on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland.

Grand Savanna, Esmeralda, Tate 290 (Y). East swamp, Esmeralda,

Tate 266 (Y). Esmeralda, in open savanna, Tate 180 (Y). Also

in Brazil.

Perennial, 35 cm. high or less, perhaps sometimes annual, the

stems simple or branched above, hispidulous; leaves ternate, coria-

ceous, linear-lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long or smaller, sessile, scattered

along the stems, glabrous or sometimes ciliate toward the base,

3-nerved; flowers in dense spikes 3-6 mm. long; sepals setaceous,

ciliate; corolla 4-5 mm. long, yellow; capsule 1 mm. in diameter,

glabrous.

Perama hirsuta Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 54. pi. 18. 1775. Mattuschkea

hispida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 271. 1819.

Atures, Chaff anj on 177 (P). Sabana de Atures, in moist places,

Gaillard 267 (P). Also in Brazil, British Guiana, and Trinidad.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 475

An annual, 25 cm. high or less, the stems simple or branched,

hirsute; leaves cauline, opposite, ovate-lanceolate to oblong or ovate,

acuminate, 5-12 mm. long, rounded at the base, sessile, hirsute or

rarely glabrate; flowers in terminal heads or dense cylindric spikes

3-7 mm. long; sepals subulate, acuminate, ciliate; corolla yellow,

3-4 mm. long, the lobes ovate- triangular, acute, pilosulous at the

apex; capsule trigonous, 1 mm. long, the seeds castaneous, shining.

Perama humilis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 239. 1841.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 89. 1888) as

collected about Roraima by Schomburgk. Recorded from various

localities in British Guiana.

A small perennial, the numerous short stems much branched,

prostrate, glabrous; the filiform branchlets villous, densely leafy;

leaves ovate-oblong, 2-7 mm. long, attenuate-acuminate, sessile

and rounded at the base, pilose, 3-5-nerved; flower heads globose,

3-4 mm. in diameter, short-pedunculate; sepals subulate, ciliate;

corolla glabrous outside, villous in the throat, yellow; capsule trig-

onous, glabrous, the seeds trigonous, shining.

Perama plantaginea (HBK.) Hook. f. in B. & H. Gen. PI. 2:

148. 1873. Buchia plantaginea HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 270. pi.

132. 1819.

Type collected at Javita, Humboldt & Bonpland (photo, in F).

A branched herb, the branches glabrate; leaves rosulate, opposite,

short-petiolate, oblong, subacuminate, about 7.5 cm. long, 5-nerved,

pilose above, lanate beneath; inflorescence branched, the flowers

arranged in glomerate elongate spikes; sepals ovate, acuminate;

corolla white, pilose; fruit depressed-globose, trigonous, glabrous.

Perama scaposa Gleason & Standl., sp. nov. — Herba subscaposa,

foliis inferioribus oppositis oblongo-ellipticis, superioribus quaternis

elliptico-ovatis majoribus, supra undique dense villosis, subtus

tan turn ad nervos villosis; caules gracillimi repetite dichotomi vel

interdum trichotomi glabri fere nudi, bracteis paucis minutis onusti;

flores in capitula pauca longipedunculata congesti minuti, bracteolis

linearibus paleaceis; hypanthium dense paleaceum, calycis laciniis

carnosis late triangularibus acutis glabris; semina minuta globosa

laevia.

A slender annual, simple or with 1-2 branches from the base,

10-30 cm. high, the lowest internodes sparsely villous-pilosulous,

the upper glabrous; stipule sheath reduced to a slender line; leaves

produced near the base of the plant, the lower ones opposite, oblong-

elliptic, 5-10 mm. long, the upper leaves in a single whorl of 4,

elliptic-ovate, 15-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, the blades all herba-

ceous, obtuse or acutish, narrowed at the base into a short broad

petiole, densely short-villous on the upper surface with several-celled

whitish hairs, beneath obscurely 3-nerved, villosulous along the

nerves but elsewhere glabrous; inflorescence several times dichot-

476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

omous or sometimes trichotomous, the branches very slender, gla-

brous, almost naked and bearing only a few ovate acute bracts

scarcely 1 mm. long; flower heads few, the peduncles almost filiform,

1-3 cm. long, glabrous; heads short-oblong, 2-4 mm. long, about

10-flowered, the flowers almost hidden by a mass of linear paleaceous

bracts; hypanthium paleaceous-pubescent; calyx segments 2, erect,

fleshy, purple-brown, broadly triangular, acute, 0.5 mm. long, gla-

brous on the back, minutely ciliate, on the anterior side approximate

with a narrow sinus, on the posterior side remote with a broad pubes-

cent sinus; seeds 3, globose, 0.7 mm. in diameter, smooth. — Vene-

zuela: Mount Duida, summit of Peak No. 7, alt. 2,130 m., G. H. H.

Tate 664 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in herb. Field

Mus.). Sandy stream bank at Central Camp, Mount Duida,

1,440 m., Tate 548 (Y). Ridge 23 C, Mount Duida, Tate 704 (Y).

Cano Sapo, 1,860 m., Tate 597 (Y).

The corolla is described as white in some of the collections, and

in one as blue. Perama scaposa belongs to the subgenus Rosella,

which is distinguished by subscapose habit and more or less rosulate

leaves. The only other known species of the group is P. dichotoma

Poepp. & Endl., recorded from the Amazon River and from Mount

Roraima. In that the hypanthium is smooth and the seeds are

3-angled and punctate.

74. EMMEORRHIZA Pohl

Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 408. 1889. Borreria umbellata Spreng. Neue Entd. 2: 144. 1821.

Endlichera umbellata Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 38. pi 74. 1888.

Chacaito Gorge near Caracas, Pittier 9938 (W). Without

locality, Pittier 11506 (W, Y). Petare, 800 m., Pittier 7721 (W).

Colonia Tovar, 1,800-2,000 m., Allart 316 (W, Y); Pittier 9341 (W).

Caracas, Bailey 456 (W). Without locality, Fendler 595 (M), 596

(M). Between Colonia Tovar and Lagonazo, Pittier 9254 (W).

Caracas, Moritz 1652 (W). Colonia Tovar, in forest, Woronow 7674

(L). Duaca, Mocquerys (P). Extending to Brazil and Bolivia,

mostly in the mountains.

A rather large, suffrutescent or herbaceous vine, pubescent to

almost glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, 5-10 cm. long,

conspicuously veined; flowers small, white, arranged in small dense

umbels, the umbels disposed in large or small panicles.

In the tribe to which it belongs, this plant may be recognized

at once by its umbellate flowers.

75. RICHARDIA L.

Richardia scabra L. Sp. PL 330. 1753. Richardsonia scabra

St. Hil. PI. Us. Bras. vii. pi. 8. 1824.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 477

Dividive, Trujillo, in savannas, Pittier 10808 (W). Puerto

Escondido, Distrito Federal, arid fields, Pittier 13400 (F). Mariara,

550 m., Preuss 1502 (B). Widely distributed as a weed in tropical

America.

An annual, densely pilose or hispid, usually prostrate and form-

ing small mats; leaves oblong or lanceolate, petiolate; flowers small,

white, forming dense clusters at the ends of the branches, the clusters

subtended by an involucre of large leaves; fruit of 3 carpels.

I have not seen Pittier 9038 from Valencia, Carabobo. This is

listed by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 676. 1928) as Richardsonia grandi-

flora C. & S. Probably the specimen is really Richardia scabra.

76. DIODIA L.

Diodia gymnocephala (DC.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 16.

1888. Borreria gymnocephala DC. Prodr. 4: 549. 1830.

Escuque, Trujillo, Pittier 13136 (F, G, W). Also in Brazil.

An herbaceous vine, trailing on high bushes, the stems acutely

4-angled, glabrous or puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or

lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, glabrous or more or less scabrous and pubes-

cent, plicate-nerved, often bullate; flowers in axillary 5-8-flowered

clusters; ovary glabrous; sepals 4, subequal, longer than the hypan-

thium, subulate, 3 mm. long; corolla white, 5 mm. long; capsule

turbinate, 4-5 mm. long.

Diodia hyssopifqlia (Willd.) C. & S. Linnaea 3: 350. 1828.

Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 532. 1819.

Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 31 (F, M, W), 208 (M, W). Ranging

to Colombia, the Guianas, and Brazil.

An erect perennial herb; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long,

acuminate, plane, glabrous; flowers clustered and sessile in the leaf

axils; sepals 4, subulate, acute, pilose and ciliate, 1 mm. long, connate

to the middle; corolla white, 3-4 mm. long; capsule 3-4 mm. long,

puberulent at the apex.

Diodia maritima Thonn. is listed by Knuth, Init. Fl. Venez. 677.

1928, but there is no explanation for its appearance in a list of Vene-

zuelan plants. The species may well occur in Venezuela, but I have

seen no specimens from that country, nor any record of its existence

there.

Diodia"rigida (Willd.) C. & S. Linnaea 3: 341. 1828. Spermacoce

rigida Willd.yex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 531. 1818.

Type collected in dry places near Caracas, at 900 m., Humboldt

& Bonpland. Culebra Lagoon near San Carlos, Cojedes, in savannas,

Pittier 1 1 696 ( W, Y) . Near Caracas, Pittier 1 1 360 (W, Y) . Gamboa,

near Caracas, in savannas, Pittier 9606 (W, Y). Lower Cotiza,

near Caracas, 800-1,200 m., Pittier 7278 (W). Upper Cotiza, 1,400 m.,

478 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Pittier 7185 (W). San Lazaro, near Caracas, 800-1,000 m.,

Pittier 9752 (W). Valencia, Warming 169 (W). Without locality,

Fendler 610 (M, Y). Caracas, Bailey 84 (M). Between Cotiza and

Los Venados, Allart 27 (W, Y, P). Valley of Vijirinia, near Guacara,

Carabobo, 500 m., Pittier 8175 (W). Cotiza, above Caracas, Woro-

now 7391 (F, L). Without locality, Geay 53 (P). Widely distributed

in tropical America.

An erect or ascending, stiff, annual or perennial herb, the stems

simple or branched; leaves stiff, linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long,

scabrous or hispidulous; flowers axillary, sessile, usually solitary;

sepals 4, subulate, acuminate, ciliate; corolla lavender, 5-10 mm. long,

glabrate outside; capsule 2-3 mm. long, hispidulous or glabrate, the

cocci conspicuously 3-costate dorsally and rugose.

Diodia rosmarinifolia Pohl ex DC. Prodr. 4: 564. 1830.

Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 18. 1888) reports Otto 1084

from Venezuela as belonging to this species. The species is widely

distributed in Brazil.

A perennial, erect or prostrate, herbaceous, the branches hispidu-

lous; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-4.5 cm. long, subauriculate

at the base, glabrous above, aculeolate beneath on the costa and

also on the margins; flowers axillary, solitary or geminate; ovary

glabrous or pilose above; sepals unequal, the larger 1 mm. long;

corolla 5-6 mm. long, pilosulous outside; cocci 3 mm. in diameter,

3-nerved, not rugose, glabrous or glabrate.

Diodia sarmentosa Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 30. 1788.

Sanchorquiz, 1,500 m., Eggers 13424 (F, W). Torococo, Trujillo,

1,100 m., John 754 (W). Near Colonia Tovar, Pittier 9388 (W, Y).

Also in the Guianas, Central America, and the West Indies.

Plants large and more or less scandent, trailing over bushes,

the stems 4-angled, puberulent; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-

late, 3.5-5 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse at the base, aculeolate-

serrate, scabrous above, pilose beneath on the nerves; flowers in

6-8-flpwered axillary clusters; ovary glabrous; sepals 2-4, ovate,

acuminate, ciliate; corolla white, 2 mm. long; capsule glabrous, the

cocci 5 mm. long, dorsally 1-sulcate.

Diodia teres Walt. Fl. Carol. 87. 1788.

Dividive, Trujillo, in savannas, Pittier 10809 (P, W, Y). Caracas,

800-1,000 m., Pittier 9683 (P, W); Bailey 223 (W). Pueblo Nuevo,

MeYida, 1,700 m., John 687 (W, Y). La Rubiera, near Calabozo,

Guarico, Grisol 23 (W), 9 (W). Valencia, Carabobo, 400-800 m.,

in savannas, Pittier 9012 (W), 9061 (W, Y), 9017 (W). Near Caracas,

Woronow 7262 (L). Meseta, near Tovar, 1,100 m., in savannas,

Pittier 12776 (B). Sabana de Atures, in sand, Gaillard 130 (P).

Raudal de Atures, in sand, Gaillard 93 (P). Along the Orinoco,

Chaffanjon 166 (P). Extending to Colombia, and ^northward to the

United States, where the species is common.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 479

Annual, stiff, erect or ascending, simple or branched; leaves

linear or linear-lanceolate, scaberulous; flowers axillary, solitary or

clustered, sessile; corolla white or purplish; capsule minutely and

densely appressed-pubescent or sometimes hispidulous, the cocci

nearly smooth dorsally, never 3-costate.

Probably Diodia prostrata Sw. is a synonym of D. teres. The

two names have been maintained generally, Diodia teres for the plant

of the United States and Mexico, and D. prostrata for that growing

in the West Indies and South America, but there seems to be little

if any difference between the forms so named. There is some question

as to which of these two names -has priority of publication, both

having appeared in 1788, but Dr. J. H. Barnhart informs me that

Walter's name probably has precedence.

77. HEMIDIODIA Schum.

Hemidiodia ocimifolia (Willd.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 29. 1888. Spermacoce ocimifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg.

3: 530. 1818.

Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 67 (W). Hills of Guaremales, Cara-

bobo, 100-500 m., Pittier 8797 (W). Widely distributed in the low-

lands of tropical America.

A large perennial herb, erect or procumbent or often subscandent;

leaves lanceolate, attenuate to the base, sessile, 3-5 cm. long, rather

thick and conspicuously veined, puberulent or glabrate; flowers

small, white, sessile and densely clustered in the leaf axils.

This species, the only member of its genus, is one of the generally

distributed weeds of tropical America.

78. SPERMACOCE L.

Spermacoce glabra Michx. FL Bor. Amer. 1: 82. 1803.

Sanchorquiz, 1,500 m., Eggers 13446 (W). Cristobal Colon,

Broadway 455 (W). Upper Catuche Wood, near Caracas, 1,400 m.,

Pittier 7156 (W). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A glabrous annual; leaves lanceolate to elliptic, 2-7 cm. long,

acute or acuminate, nearly sessile; flowers minute, densely clustered

in the leaf axils, white; sepals lanceolate; fruit glabrous, 3 mm. long.

In tropical America this species seems to be less frequent than

the next, and both of them, although widely distributed, usually

are of sparse occurrence.

Spermacoce tenuior L. Sp. PL 102. 1753.

Maracay, Aragua, Padre Cornelio 138 (W, Y). Middle Cotiza,

near Caracas, in savannas, 1,000-1,400 m., Pittier 7414 (W). With-

out locality, Fendler 601 (M). Near Escuque, Trujillo, Pittier 13142

480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

(W). Puerto Escondidp, Distrito Federal, in meadows, Pittier 13410

(F). A generally distributed weed of tropical America.

An annual, less than 1 m. high, usually erect, nearly glabrous;

leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or linear, rough; stipular sheath

with long bristles; calyx lobes 4, triangular or subulate, much shorter

than the fruit; corolla white or often purplish; fruit 3 mm. long,

pubescent; seeds black, oblong, minutely roughened.

79. BORRERIA Mey.

Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Spermacoce

alata Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 60. pi. 22, f. 7. 1775.

Guaremales, a weed in clearings, Pittier 9141 (W). Also in the

Guianas.

A low perennial herb, the stems 4-angled, often prostrate, nar-

rowly winged on the angles and ciliate; setae of the stipules subulate,

pilose; leaves yellowish green, short-petiolate, the blades oval or

elliptic, 2-4 cm. long, acute, more or less scabrous above, puberulent

beneath on the elevated veins; inflorescences axillary, capitate,

many-flowered, short-pedunculate or subsessile, the flowers short-

pedicellate; sepals 4, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, hirsute

and ciliate, about equaling the hypanthium; corolla 2 mm. long,

white; fruit 2 mm. long; seeds coarsely punctulate, fulvous.

Borreria capitata (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 545. 1830. Sper-

macoce capitata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 61. pi 91, f. b. 1798. S. fer-

ruginea St. Hil. PI. Usu. Bras. pi. 13. 1824. B. ferruginea DC.

Prodr. 4: 547. 1830.

Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 604 (G). La Victoria, 550 m.,

Preuss 1610 (B). Between Turmero and Chuao, 1,500 m., Preuss

1635 (B). Mariara, 600 m., Preuss 1497 (B). Mendoza, Trujillo,

dry slopes, Pittier 12629 (B). Near M6rida, 2,000 m., Mocquerys

1175 (P). Swampy savannas, Guatitico, in 1894, Geay (P). Widely

distributed in South America.

An erect perennial herb, densely pubescent almost throughout;

leaves linear to lanceolate or oblong, sessile or nearly so; flowers

in very dense and many-flowered, chiefly terminal, globose heads;

calyx lobes 4, subulate; corolla white, 2-5 mm. long; fruit puberulent

at the apex.

The vernacular name is reported by Pittier as "botoncillo."

Borreria densiflora DC. Prodr. 4: 542. 1830. Spermacoce

spinosa Sw. Obs. Bot. 45. 1791, non Jacq. 1760. B. spinosa C. & S.

Linnaea 3: 340. 1828, excl. syn.

Santa Rosa de la Tierra, near Maracaibo, Pittier 11003 (W).

Caracas, 900-1,050 m., Bailey 110 (W). Bobures, John 383 (W).

El A vila, above Caracas, roadside, Woronow 7449 (L). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 481

A stout stiff erect annual, nearly glabrous, pale green; leaves

sessile or almost so, linear-lanceolate; flowers arranged in very large

and dense, globose, terminal and axillary heads; calyx lobes 2, linear;

corolla white, 2 mm. long.

Borreria hispida Spruce, var. glabrescens Schum. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 66: 62. 1888.

Sabana de Atures, sandy soil, Gaillard 229 (P). Also in Brazil.

The typical form of the species is recorded from Para, Brazil, and

French Guiana.

A yellowish green annual, the stems glabrous; leaves linear or

linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, scabrous above, glabrous beneath;

flower heads axillary and terminal; sepals 4, equal, elliptic, acute,

ciliate; corolla white, 2.5 mm. long; capsule 1 mm. long, puberulent.

Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Goett. Abh. 7: 231. 1857. Sper-

macoce laevis Lam. 111. 1: 273. 1791. S. capitellata Willd. ex R. &

S. Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1818. B. capitellata C. & S. Linnaea 3: 319.

1828. S. hebecarpa DC. Prodr. 4: 553. 1830.

El Valle, Margarita Island, Miller & Johnston 198 (W, M).

Cristobal Colon, Broadway 403 (W). El Carenero, Miranda, Pittier

11032 (W). Las Trincheras, Warming 165 (W). Caracas, Bailey

182 (W). Rio Chico, Miranda, John 1253 (W). Los Venados,

Distrito Federal, Pittier 10460 (W). Las Mostazas, Miranda, 1,100

m., Allart 181 (W). La Guaira, Curran & Haman 895 (W). La

Rubiera, Guarico, Grisol 34 (W, Y). Near Petane, Box 20 (Y).

Near Colonia Tovar, 1,200 m., Fendler 605 (G, Y). Mountains near

Caracas, also Colonia Tovar, 1,200-1,950 m., Fendler 609 (G, M, Y).

Upper Cotiza, near Caracas, 1,400 m., Pittier 9829 (W). Mucuruba,

Me>ida, 2,500 m., Gehriger 205 (F). Widely distributed in tropical

America.

An erect or spreading annual; leaves sessile or nearly so, oblong-

lanceolate to ovate, bright or pale green, acuminate, more or less

pilose beneath, thin; flowers small, white, crowded in dense, terminal

and axillary clusters, the terminal ones subtended by 4 large leaves;

calyx lobes 4, triangular, minute; corolla 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit

pubescent at the apex.

This is one of the most common and abundant weeds of the

tropical American lowlands, often growing as a weed in cultivated

ground. The type of Spermacoce hebecarpa, which probably should

be referred to synonymy here, was collected near Caracas by Vargas.

Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 61.

1888. Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. PI. Guian. 55. pi. 19, f. 1. 1775.

Mesa de El Sombrero, Guarico, Pittier 12496 (W); Woronow

7618 (L). Between El Sombrero and Pitara Bridge, Guarico, in

ditch, Pittier 12502 (W). Mene Grande, Zulia, Pittier 10564 (W,

482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Y). Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 52 (M), 74 (M). Widely distributed

in tropical America.

An annual or perennial herb, often procumbent or prostrate,

yellowish green when dried, the stems narrowly winged above,

glabrous or pubescent on the angles; leaves thick, sessile or nearly

so, broadly elliptic, acute, conspicuously nerved, scabrous above,

puberulent beneath, at least on the nerves; flowers crowded in dense

axillary verticels, the leaves subtending the upper flower heads often

much reduced; sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliate, 2 mm. long;

corolla white, 4-6 mm. long, villous above the base; capsule glabrous

or pilosulous, 3 mm. long; seeds punctulate, purple-black.

Borreria ocimoides (Burm.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Sper-

macoce ocimoides Burm. Fl. Ind. 34. pi. 13, f. 1. 1768. B. parviflora

Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83. pi. 1. 1818.

Rio Manimo to Tucipeta, Bond, Gillin & Brown 1 76 (W) . Dividive,

Trujillo, Pittier 11008 (W). Without locality, Fendler 2004 (K, M).

Sacupana, Rusby & Squires 73 (M, W), 315 (M, W). Colonia Tovar,

Fendler 598 (K), 599 (M). La Rubiera, near Calabozo, Guarico,

Grisol 21 (W, Y). Maracay, Aragua, Cornelio 143 (W). Widely

distributed in tropical America, Asia, and Africa.

A slender, often much-branched annual, erect or procumbent,

the stems glabrous or puberulent on the angles; leaves green, oval

to oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, glabrous; flowers minute, white,

in dense axillary verticels; sepals 4; stamens included; fruit glabrous

or puberulent.

This is one of the most common and widely distributed of the

weedy species of American Rubiaceae. It occurs chiefly in the moister

lowlands.

Borreria pygmaea Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:

58. 1888.

Type collected on the Orinoco near Maipures, Spruce 3598 (photo,

in F). Sabana de Atures, among granitic rocks, Gaillard 104 (P).

Cerro Mogote, on the Orinoco, Chaff anj on 106 (P).

A slender dwarf annual, simple or sparsely branched, commonly

less than 10 cm. high, the stems acutely angled, aculeolate on the

angles, glabrous; leaves narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-6 mm.

long, acutish, glabrous; inflorescences capitate, 1-5-flowered, sub-

tended by 2-4 leaves; sepals 4, equal, oblong, aculeolate-ciliolate,

0.6-0.8 mm. long; corolla 2 mm. long; capsule 1.5 mm. long, villo-

sulous at the apex.

Gaillard records the vernacular name as "limon de piedra."

Borreria suaveolens Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81. pi. 1. 1818.

Spermacoce tenella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 345. 1819. B. tenella

C. & S. Linnaea 3: 317. 1828. S. orinocensis Willd. ex R. & S. Syst.

Veg. 3: 531. 1818.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 483

Mene Grande, Zulia, Pittier 10556 (W, Y). Lower Catuche

Wood, above Caracas, 1,000-1,200 m., Pittier 701 7 (W). La Cortada,

Miranda, Pittier 11230 (P, W, Y). Silla de Caracas, Kuntze 1627

(W). Middle Cotiza, near Caracas, in savannas, 1,000-1,400 m.,

Pittier 7197 (W). Without locality, in 1859, Cruger (S). Paramo

La Trampa, Me"rida, 2,100 m., John 991 (W). Paramo Mucuchies,

Me*rida, 3,150 m., deBellard 48 (W). Without locality, May, 1874,

Kuntze (Y). Near Colonia Tovar, 2,040 m., Fendler 608 (G). Llano

de la Puerta, Aragua, Woronow 7352 (L). Near Caracas, Woronow

7241 (L). Sabanas de Cujicito, 400 m., Saer 560 (F). Tabay, 1,900

m., Gehriger 535 (F). Cerro Mogote, on the Orinoco, Chaff anjon

110 (P). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A perennial herb, erect, sometimes suffrutescent, glabrous or

nearly so, bright green; leaves linear or lanceolate, rarely broader;

flowers in very dense and many-flowered, globose, chiefly terminal

heads; calyx lobes 4, triangular-oblong; corolla white or pink, 2.5-5

mm. long; anthers exserted.

A probable synonym of this species is Spermacoce aturensis HBK.

Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 345. 1819. The type was collected on the Orinoco

near Atures by Humboldt and Bonpland.

Borreria verticillata (L.) Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83. 1818.

Spermacoce verticillata L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753. B. podocephala DC.

Prodr. 4: 542. 1830.

Petare, near Caracas, 800 m., Pittier 9271 (Y). Without locality,

Fendler 602 (M). Cristobal Colon, Broadway 71 (W). Los Chorros

de Tomal<§, 800-1,000 m., Pittier 7041 (W). Sierra Nevada de

MeYida, de Bellard 224 (W). Ciudad Bolivar, 35 m., sandy soil,

Holt & Gehriger 126 (F). Without locality, Geay 34 (P). Widely

distributed in tropical America.

Perennial, erect, rather stiff, herbaceous or suffrutescent, green,

glabrous or nearly so; leaves subsessile, linear or linear-lanceolate;

flowers in dense and many-flowered, terminal and axillary, globose

heads; calyx lobes 2, linear; corolla white, about 2 mm. long.

80. RELBUNIUM Hook. f.

Relbunium glaberrimum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 297. 1929.

Exposed dry ridges, Cerro de Turumiquire, 1,800 m., Tate 310

(W, type); 2,925 m., Tate 238 (W).

Glabrous throughout; leaves quaternate, sessile, oval or ovate-

elliptic, 5-8 mm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse

at the base, 1-nerved; pedicels axillary, solitary, equaling or shorter

than the leaves; flowers involucrate, the 4 bracts 1.5-3 mm. long;

ovary glabrous.

Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.

2: 63. 1881. Vaillantia hypocarpia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1307. 1759.

484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Rubia incana HBK. Nov. Geri. & Sp. 3: 338. 1819. Relbunium

hypocarpium var. incanum Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 113. 1888.

Cerro de Galipan, 1,500 m., Eggers 13215 (W). Near Caracas,

Fendler 538 (M, Y). Upper Cotiza, near Caracas, 1,400 m., Pittier

7565 (W). Paramo de los Leones, M<§rida, 3,500 m., Gehriger 137

(F). Without locality, Mocquerys 1071 (P). Widely distributed in

the mountains of tropical America.

A slender much-branched perennial herb with brittle stems, often

subscandent; stems pilose or retrorse-pilose, sometimes glabrate;

leaves elliptic to ovate or oval, rounded to acute at the apex, sessile,

thick, commonly pilose or hispidulous on both surfaces; flowers

whitish or greenish yellow; fruit orange-red, juicy, pilose.

Called "raicita" in Venezuela. The names reported from Brazil

are "cipo do sapo," "ruivinia," and "ruivinha."

Relbunium orinocense (HBK.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

66: 112. 1888. Rubia orinocensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 339.

1819. Rubia triflora Willd. et Galium pauciflorum Willd. ex Schum.

loc. cit.

Type collected on the banks of the Orinoco, Humboldt &Bonpland

(photo, in F). A collection cited by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 680.

1928) under this species is R. hypocarpium.

Stems pilose with appressed retrorse hairs, becoming scabrous;

leaves oblong, acute, short-petiolate, ciliate, pilose, rigid; flowers

axillary, solitary; ovary pilose; corolla lobes pilose outside, the

stigmas pilose.

According to Schumann, in this species the stigma is pilose,

while in R. hypocarpium it is glabrous or papillose. I suspect that

JR. orinocense is a synonym of R. hypocarpium.

81. GALIUM L.

Galium canescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 336. 1819.

Near Colonia Tovar, 1,950 m., Fendler 537 (G, M, Y). Paramo

del Morro, Me>ida, 2,700 m., John 1060 (W). Paramo de Mucuchies,

2,800 m., Jahn 802 (G, W). Mucuruba, 2,500 m., Gehriger 200

(F). Colombia to Peru, in the higher mountains.

Stems pilose above; leaves quaternate, ovate, short-acuminate,

3-nerved, pilose; flowers axillary and solitary or in 3's at the ends

of the branches; corolla yellow; fruit dry, uncinate-hispid.

Galium caripense HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 337. 1819.

Type collected in shady places near Caripe, 900 m., Humboldt

&Bonpland (photo, in F). Near Colonia Tovar, 1,800 m., Fendler

539 (G, M, Y). Avila savannas near Caracas, Pittier 9522 (W).

Stems retrorse-aculeolate; leaves in 8's or 6's, oblong-lanceolate,

mucronate, retrorse-aculeolate on the margin; flowers terminal,

subternate; corolla white; fruit uncinate-hispid.

THE RUBIACEAE OF VENEZUELA 485

Pittier 9522 is listed by Knuth (Init. Fl. Venez. 680. 1928) as

Galium pseudoaparine Griseb.

Galium obovatum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 336. pi. 277. 1819.

Mountains above Caracas, 1,600 m., John (W). Los Venados,

Distrito Federal, 1,600 m., Pittier 10451 (W, Y). Upper belt of

Pico de Naiguata, Miranda, 2,400-2,700 m., Pittier 6267 (W). Silla

de Caracas, 2,000-2,600 m., Pittier 8354 (W). Galipan, 1,700 m.,

in forest, Preuss 1916 (B). Also in Colombia and Ecuador.

Stems reflexed-pilose or glabrate; leaves quaternate, obovate,

rounded and apiculate at the apex, sparsely pilose or glabrate, 3-

nerved; flowers usually in 3's, pedicellate, white; fruit dry, uncinate-

hispid.

TBE imm OF THE

NOV 2- 193K

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS