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THE ANNALS :

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.

(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND

CHARLESWORTII’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ )

CONDUCTED BY

WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,

SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S.,

1686

pf uf

AND

RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S.

—oorrm

VOL. VI.—NINTH SERIES.

PAP DAP IIS ODS

LONDON:

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS! AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN,

1920,

www *

if

>

“Omnes res creat sunt divine sapientix et potentix testes, divitix felicitatis

humange ex harum usu 4onitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex economia in conservatione, proportione, renoyatione, potentia majestatis .

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper sestimata ;

& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”—DLinn aus.

* Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu'elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

siyepre (Alisa u<y © yeurs fo Ne \ByAVAN sDOWeLrS

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.

BZ

CONTENTS OF VOL. VI.

[NINTH SERIES. ]

NUMBER 31.

Page

I, Undeseribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collection

of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide, Diptera.—

Part I. Subfamily ZLimnobiine. By CuHaries P, ALEXANDER,

ReMi ROMA IMTOIS USA. a cin ns cance ev ccedeuecstnetnrsss

II. Some new Species of Cyprinoid Fish from Mysore. By C. R.

Narayan Rao, M.A., University of Mysore, Bangalore. (Plates

0S A eee ee aiienes <eeb Mee pele inde ais elweinbe na ens

ILI. Fossil Arthropods in the Buitish Museum.—HUI. By

T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado .........+eeseeees

IV. New Species of African Simuliide. By A. W. J. Pomeroy,

BEBE. (Plates ILE. &. TV.) foc tice ccc ener cucnssnceressces

V. British Oligocene Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K. Donis-

ag Ene, | (EIGEO Vu) e oc cise ccc ccc ctcecdecenanes

VI. On a Collection of Mammals from the Dinka Country, Babr-

el-Djebel. By Martin A. C, Hinton and P. S. KersHaw ......

VII. The Species of Pedetes inhabiting Angola. By Martin

A. C. HINTON. .ccececccceccsvves Pee Waue att ticles eee eee t

VIII. Three new Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory. By

RPC MGA, FIO secccns ene bere os 508 4 AP eae Treivet ice

IX. Descriptions of Three new Frogs in the Collection of the

British Museum. By G. A. BouLenGer, F.RS......6.0 cere eee

81

D4

104

L0G

iv CONTENTS.

Page

X. Descriptions of Four new Snakes in the Collection of the

British Museum. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S. ........00.00e 108

XI. Notoryctes in North-west Australia. By OLpFretp Tuomas, 111 —

XII. A new Genus of Echimyine. By Oupriritp THomas .... 113

XIII. On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarca, collected by

Sr. Budin. By Otprretp THOMAS.............. is Abt aioe eee 116

XIV. Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds, with Descriptions of Two

new Species. By STANLEY HIRST ......... 200s se seeeeecececes 12h

XV. Oxyuris paronat, v. Linst., and its Association with another

Oxyurid in the same Host. By H. A. Baynis, M.A. .........-65 123

XVI. On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon, Meigen

(Diptera, Chironomide). By F. W. EDWARDS .......+.+.0e2000s 127

XVII. Some new or little-known Gomphine Dragonflies from

South America. By Hzerpertr Campion. (Plates VI. & VIL.) .. 180

XVIII. An interesting new Genus of Aviculariide. By MELLO-

Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of Sciences........ 141

XIX. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. By W. L. Disrant.... 148

XX. A Whale-barnacle of the Genus Xenobalanus from Ant-

arctic Seas. By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc. ........ SAD OS Oa oon OAS 165

XXI. Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan in the Channel

Islands. By C: W. AnpuEws, D-Sc:, Fas... eee acne sens LOO

XXII. On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. By

Ernar LONNBERG and HiALMAR RENDAHL .......... EAR: Oy

NUMBER 82.

XXIII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapalo-

chrus, Ey., with an Account of their accessory ¢ -characters [Coleo-

ptera]. By G, C. Cuamprion, F.Z.S. (Plate VIIL) ............ 177

XXIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees. —LXXXIX. By

T. D, A. CockerELL, University of Colorado ......eeeeese sees 201

XXY. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—lV. By

TD, A. CockERern, University of Colorado. sinccdi. +s sees ce vey pele

Yv

CONTENTS. v

Page

XXVI. The British Species of the Copepod Genus Nitocra, Boeck.

LOS ET DM Gi 7k 9) Es a a i aa 214

XXVII. The ‘Challenger’ Eryonidea (Crustacea). By Oscar

Sunp, Cand. Real., Scientific Adviser to the Norwegian Bureau of

USE sp Dc. a eee ee 220

XXVIII. On the Genus Trichodrilus, and on a British Species of

the Genus. By Frank E. Bepparp, D.Sc., F.R.S.......... 0000 227

XXIX. Three new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. By

bE es OE I SS ee I a ee 239

XXX. A new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman. By O_pFreLtp THomas, 243

XXXI. On a Collection of Pyenogonida from the South Orkney

emer ED VOR E EC AUMAS PECs. 8. os vies gcssies 0-003 054 wanes 244

Proceedings of the Geological Socisty: . .. cscs deseeccaeses 247

NUMBER 33.

XXXII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapalo-

chrus, Er., with an Account of their accessory ¢-characters [Coleo-

ptera|. By G. C. Coampron, F.Z.S. (Plate VIII.) ............ 249

XXXII. On Mammals from the Lower Amazons in the Goeldi

Museum, Para. By OLDFIELD THOMAS §........seeeeeese sees 266

XXXIV. Notes on some Parasitic Worms from East Africa. By

Ok LED EE SSS Ol RS a © ee eee ae 283

XXXYV. Note on Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. By G. A.

Er Es ee cd S's soeme te Ue deicet diet dade 0 viele esses 295

XXXVI. A new Species of the Isopod Genus Serol’s. By W. T.

ELLE LS SSeS me ce ee 299

NUMBER 34,

XXXVII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species -of

Hapalochrus, Er., with an Account of their aecessory ¢ -characters

[Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. (Plate VIIL)........ 305

XXXVUI. New Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. By

Ratpw VY. CHAMBERLIN, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. (Plates

NE aenas cries MaNsip ernie cave tac sc ece ses cues 328

XXXIX. Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the

Collection of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide,

Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Limnoliine. By Cuantes P. ALEX-

ANDER, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. ........ Rowe emar ees ie sd 336

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XL. Notes on Myriapoda.—XXIV. Preliminary Note on a Milli-

pede new to Science. By the Rey. 8. Granam BrapE-Birks,

M.Se. (Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, 8.E. Agri-

cultural College, Wye, Kenta cay . < s-isiieie eeee ecle = ernie eee 364

XLI. Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges of the Palpomyza Group.

By F. W. EDWARDS ....... diss cots \o, 5 (0 oe Eee neko lel casiene Che elie enetee 365

XLII. On new Species of Curculionide from Africa. By Guy

A. K. Marswatt, D.Se., C.M.G.. (Plate XTIL) ~ >. 3. ae Mis ee OOD

XLII. New Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. By GrEoRGE

TALBOT, F.E.S. (Plates XIV SX.) oon eos eee o ach eae 398

XLIV. A new Siamese Nematode of the Genus Faleaustra. By

i. A, BAvits, MoA. ..-..0icdies Reemtete so -ciee ererete sai ats Checeie is + ete een 408

XLV. Preliminary Description of a new Warthog. By Lord

RorustHitp; F.RS.,; Ph.De jagec seems eee eee 416

XLVI. On small Mammals from the Famatina Chain, North-

western Rioja. By Otprienp Tuomas): << oc cece a. 62 ee oe 417

XLVII. On Mammals from Ceram. By OLpFreELD THomas .. 422

XLVIII. A remarkable new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. By

GILBERT J. Annow, £.Z:8., FHS. epee eee eee eee eee 431

XLIX. A peculiar new Genus of Australian Beetles. By

Gitpert J. Anrow, 1.2.8. E.EIS:. cee seein eee 434

L. A new Genus of Clavicorn Beetles. By ao J. ARROW,

i iy Alois Ord DS ann MORE nO hy aj AA GSAS Hos or Sco 437

New Book :—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene. Supplement,

Vol. II. By Sir Gzoree Hampson, Bart. .............. .. 440

NUMBER 35,

LI. On the Oriental Members of the Coleopterous Group Macro-

dactylides (Melolonthide). By Gitpert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S. 441

LIL. Description of a new Genus and Species of Cicadide from

Cuba... By W. i. Disrann |... 522. cet eee Eee 455

LUI. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. By W.L. Distant .. 456

LIV. Noteson Myriapoda.—XXV. Preliminary Lists for Lincoln-

shire and Norfolk. By Hitpa K. Brape-Bmxs, M.Se., M.B.,

Oh, B, ee eS ut ae os D.P.H., and the Rev. S. Granam

bed ee ek eh aC ey ORO ORL a Sri sc Gece op 6

CONTENTS. Vii

Page

LV. A new Termite from Mesopotamia. By Prof. F. Sirvestrt.

Eerie MEME ta eats o iiec ins obec asec da minieg. e608 buses evens 477

LVI. A new Termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa. By

Taos MRK GROWN, B.oe., BLLS., FLES. 0. cee ce ces peewee « 480

LVII. On some new Forms of Lichens. By Prof. Dr. C.

PRICE ERIC RENIN Veet ofa) cya (2 sieVele\e's, 4+ «sre es dele s # 2/2 save en aine wee 482

New Books:—A Handbook of British Mosquitoes. By Witi1am

u DSS UDAISIE? Sag OE tare cient Peo RO aie Orc Cee Heo ceca 490

Barbados—Antigua Expedition.—Narrative and Preliminary Report

of a Zoological Expedition from the University of Iowa to the

Lesser Antilles under the auspices of the Graduate College. By

Prof. C. C. Nurrine. University of Iowa Studies in Natural

BI stonyee ei GleeV LEE, INOIB! pasion are os oye ce cto os Epa owen oe wb.

Furniture-beetles, their Life-history, and how to check or prevent

the damage caused by the Worm. By CuHaries J. Ganan,

NUMBER 36.

LVIIT. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—V. By H. E. ANpREwEs. 493

LIX. On the Cynodontia. By D. M.S. Warson ....... witiior 506

LX. Observations on the Succession of the Gastropods Paludestrina

ulve and ventrosa in Brackish Water. By G.C. Rosson, B.A. .. 525

LXI. Note on the Duikers hitherto referred to Cephalophus max-

ee ee LEN A OL ENON, 25 cyejo' sien no Helaje ine eeeie sade, OO

LXII. New small Mammals from New Guinea, By OLDFIELD

UB TUDAS) 0) Gav cae Ce eA IONC EDU Gae ORO REIeT tei iain 533

LXIII. Supplementary Note on the Genus Hapalochrus, Ev.

W@cleanteral, By GC, Crampron, BZ.5. cei eect eceees 537

New Book:—Monograph of the Lacertide. By G. A. BouLENGER.

rte eee et eter asia tap re) ainiss hacalarst al ve elie lsie. « » ft Peale ote 539

Proceedings of the Geological Society. .....csseeeeereeneeereees 540

Miia tlcexome ctcueterestuvast «tet el avai a letavelerelore arena sicleieie’s POM Om ont 541

<

. PLATES IN VOL. YI.

2

I ages Cyprinoid fishes.

oe Pupe and genitalia of Simulium.

V. British Oligocene ants,

at South American dragonflies.

VIII. African and Asiatic Hapalochrus.

IX.

as Chilopods of the genus Mecistocephalus.

XII

XIU. New Curculionids tromatnicn

XIV. Troides procus, Roths., 3.

+ XV. x) be) ” © Oo

XVI. Central Ceram butterflies.

XVII

; ; Delias joiceyi, Talb.

XIX. Delias manuselensis, Talb.

XX. Microcerotermes diversus, sp. n.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[NINTH SERIES.}

A ceeseneccsenserees per litora spargite muscum,

Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”

NV. Parthenii Giannettasi, Eel. 1.

Non ot JULY 71920.

I.—Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collec-

tion of the British Museum (Natural History) : Tipulide,

Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Limnobiine. By Cuar.es

P. Atexanper, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

For several years past the writer has been engaged in the

preparation of a monographic revision of the Tipuloidean

flies of the Ethiopian Region. During the progress of this

study the collections of many of the Museums in America,

South Africa, and Europe were kindly sent me for study by

the authorities in charge. The largest and most important

collections of tropical African crane-flies are those contained

in the British Museum of Natural History, and it is with

the deepest appreciation and thanks that the writer acknow-

ledges the kind assistance of Mr. F. W. Edwards in securing

the loan of these unrivalled collections. The species herein

diagnosed as new will be keyed, and many of them figured,

in the forthcoming revision mentioned above.

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. I

2 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Family Tipulide.

Subfamily Lruwozrrz.

Tribe LIMNOBIINI.

Genus Dicranomyia, Stephens.

Dicranomyia scutellum-nigrum, sp. 0.

Head dark ; mesonotal prescutum and postnotum yellow-

ish, the scutal lobes and scutellum black; pleura yellow with

a transverse dark brown stripe on the mesepisternum ; wings

long and narrow, yellow, with about four dark brown cross-

bands, the second at the level of the sector, the third at the

cord, the last at the wing-tip ; Sc long, cell lst M, closed.

Femuale-—WUength about 8°5 mm.; wing about 9 mm.;

middle leg, femur, 8°5 mm. ; tibia, 8-9 mm.

Rostrum and paipi brownish yellow, the latter a little the

darker, short. Antennze with the scapal segments obscure

yellowish, the second segment dark brown at the tip;

flagellum rather elongate, dark brown, each segment with a

very long, secund verticil. Head dark brown.

Mesonotal preescutum shiny yellowish red without darker

markings ; scutal lobes brownish black, the median area and

base of the scutellum obscure yellow; remainder of the

scutellum blackish; postnotum yellowish. Pleura shiny

yellowish with a single, rather narrow, transverse, dark

brown stripe on the mesepisternum, continued ventrad on to

the dorsal margin of the mesosternum, this line extending

from the concolorous scutal lobes, passing immediately before

the wing-root. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown.

Legs with the coxe and trochanters yellow ; femora brown,

pale at the base, passing into dark brown at the apex; tibiz

brown, the tips dark brown; tarsi dark brown; legs rela-

tively long and slender; claws broken. Wings long and

relatively narrow, light yellowish, with about four brown

cross-bands ; these markings are dark brown in the costal

region but fade into grey in the anal cells; these bands are

distributed as follows: the first band lies just beyond the

yellowish wing-base and completely traverses the wing,

occupying the middle third of cell 2nd A; the second band

occupies the level of the origin of Rs, appearing as a large,

dark browu area at this origin, continued caudad across the

wing as a much paler, grey cloud; the third band occupies

the cord and completely traverses the wing, paler. in the

caudal cells; a large rounded brown spot at the tip of R, ;

in the British Museum. 3

wing-tip extensively darkened, this including the outer halves

of cells 2nd R,, R3, R;, all of 2nd M, and My, and the apices

of Cu, and Cu; the outer end of cell lst M, is seamed with

brown, confluent with the dark wing-apex. Venation: Sc

long, Se, ending opposite the. fork of Rs, Sc. at the tip of

Sc,; Rs long, strongly arcuated at origin; 7 at the tip

of /,; basal deflection of R,,; less than twice the length of

r; cell lst M, closed, large, longer than the veins beyond it;

the remainder of the wing-tip is injured and cannot be

described.

Abdominal tergites reddish yellow, the bases of the seg-

ments more or less blackish, this most distinct on tergites

six and seven where it occupies about the basal half of the

segment; on the basal and intermediate segments these

marks are much paler; sternites similar, the black markings

ou segments six and seven distinct. Ovipositor with the

valves chitinized, but relatively short and stout; sternal

valves black at the base on either side of the median line,

the tips acute ; the weak and rather slender tergal valves

are bent upward at about mid-length.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2 , llesha, September 18, 1910, caught in 1 house,

l p.m. (Capt. L. E. H. Humfrey).

Presented by the Entomological Research Comnnittee,

1911-422.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History). .

Dicranomyia woosnami, sp. 0.

General coloration light yellow ; antennz yellow; tips of

the femora and tibiz narrowly darkened, claws simple ;

wings hyaline, with sparse, small, brown spots ; abdominal

tergites marked with brown triangular cross-bands; ovi-

positor with the tergal valves very sinall, strongly curved.

Female.—Length about 6 mm. ; wing 6°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first

scapal segment dark brown, remainder of the antenne light

yellow, the terminal three segments very slightly darkened ;

flagellar segments long-oval with rather long, black verticils.

Head dark brown, the vertex narrow.

Mesothorax clear shiny yellow without dark markings ;

metanotum dark brown. Halteres pale, the knobs a litle

darker than the stem. Legs with the cox and trochanters

pale yellow ; femora yellow, the tips narrowly dark brownish

black ; tibiz brownish yellow, the tips very nae dark

3 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

brown; tarsi brown; claws slender, untoothed. Wings

hyaline, iridescent, with small brown spots arranged as

follows : at the origin of Rs; fork of Sc; tip of R, and on

r 3 very narrow and indistinct seams along the cord and

outer end of cell lst M, and a conspicuous spot at the end

of vein 2nd A; veins slender, dark brown. Venation: Sc

rather short, Sc; ending a short distance beyond the origin

of Rs; Sc. at the tip of Sc,; Rs strongly angulated and

spurred at origin; 7 at the tip of ,; basal deflection of

R,,; about equal to the basal deflection of M,,.; cell lst M,

large, rectangular, about as long as vein M,,,. beyond it;

m a little shorter than the outer deflection of M;; basal

deflection of Cu, at or just beyond the fork of 1.

Abdomen pale brownish yellow, the tergites with a broad-

triangular brown band at the caudal margin of segments

one to six, smallest on the sixth segment. Ovipositor with |

the tergal valves very tiny, slender, strongly upcurved, the

tips acute ; sternal valves brown, the bases blackened, very

long and powerful, gently upcurved, the tips broad, obliquely

truncated, and minutely angulated.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 2, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1,

1912 (R. B. Woosnam). B.M. No. 1914. 2.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The species is dedicated to the collector, Mr. R. B.

Woosnam.

Genus Limnosia, Meigen.

Limnobia trichoptera, sp. n.

Head black ; antennze black, the verticils unusually long;

pronotum and mesonotum with a broad, median, black

stripe ; prescutum with brown lateral stripes ; femora with

one or two yellow rings before the tip; wings pale brown

with darker costal markings and numerous small, pale

yellowish, subhyaline areas in all the cells; distal cells of the

wings with numerous macrotrichia; 7 at the tip of R,, basal

deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.

~ Male.—Length 7-5 mm.; wing 9°5 mm.

Female.—Length about 7°5 mm. ; wing 98-10 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne black,

the flagellar segments elongate, attenuate, with very long

delicate verticils. Head deep velvety black.

Pronotum velvety black. Mesonotal prascutum light

in the British Museum. 5

yellow with a broad, black, median stripe which splits

behind into two divergent arms enclosing a yellowish tri-

angular area between them, this lying immediately before

the suture ; lateral stripes broad, dark brown; scutum with

the lobes brown: scutellum obscure yellowish ; postnotum

pale yellowish brown, the sides darker. Pleura pale brownish

yellow with indications of darker brown clouds on the

mesepisterna. Halteres moderately long and slender, dark

brown, the extreme base paler. Legs with the coxa pale

brownish yellow; trochanters dull yellow; in the male

allotype the femora are brown with a single yellow ring

before the broad brown apex, a narrow yellow median area

being barely indicated ; in the females, however, the femora

are pale brown, more yellow on the outer half, with a narrow

blackish postmedial ring and a slightly narrower and paler

subapical ring, the tip broadly yellow; tibie black, the

extreme bases a little paler; tarsi black. Wings pale

brown with darker brown marks along the costal region, the

first at the arculus, the third at the origin of Rs, the fourth

at the tip of Se; stigma rectangular, dark brown; cord

and outer end of cell lst M, narrowly seamed with brown ;

remainder of the wing-surface variegated with yellowish

spots and blotches, these occurring in all the cells, the more

conspicuous being as follows: before and beyond the stigma;

before the wing-tip in cells 2nd R, and R; before the cord,

in cell lst M,, in the bases and before the tips of cells

2nd M, and M;, in cell Cu before the basal deflection of Cu,

near the end of Cu, lst A, and 2nd A; veins dark brown ;

apical cells of the wing with macrotrichia, these including

the stigma, cell 2nd R,, the outer half of R, and R;, all

but the base of 2nd M,, M3, and the extreme tip of Cu.

Venation : Sc long, ending about opposite mid-length of Rs,

Sc, at the extreme tip of Sc; and more than twice its length;

Rs strongly angulated at origin; 7 at the tip of R,; veins

,,3; and R,,; running parallel to one another, so cell 2nd R,

is very wide at the wing-margin ; cell Ist J/, closed, about

as long as vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, before

the fork of M, this distance longer than r—m.

Abdomen short in both sexes ; tergites pale brown, the

sternites yellowish ; a blackish spot at the posterior lateral

angles of the sternites. Male hypopygium with the pleurites

vather small, on the proximal face with a large fleshy

appendage, which is provided with long coarse hairs ; pleural

appendages small. Gonapophyses appearing as flattened

plates, each terminating in an acute blackened point that is

directed caudad and slightly laterad. Ovipositor with the

6 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

valves slender but weak, the tergal valves gently upcurved,

the sternal valves blackened beneath at the base.

Hab. Rhodesia, Uganda.

Holotype, 9, Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter District, Southern

Rhodesia, altitude 8500 feet, June 11, 1911 (C. F. M&M.

Swynnerton), collector’s no. 3625.

Allotype, 8, Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon, Uganda,

altitude 6400 feet, August 9, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M.

no. 1913. 140.

Paratopotype, 2 .

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1912. 145.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia rhanteria, sp. n.

Head dark grey with a median brown line ; antennee dark

brownish black, the tips of the individual segments paler ;

mesonotal preescutum pale brown with four indistinct, darker

brown stripes; thoracic pleura with a broad dark stripe, with

a silvery stripe ventrad of it; femora with the tips yellow,

with a subapical brown ring in this yellow portion ; wings

pale yellow, dotted and sprinkled witb pale brown in all the

cells; stigma with yellow centre ; Logan tergites brown,

the sternites brownish yellow.

Male.—Uength about 55-6 mm.; wing 95-10-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brownish

black, the flagellar segments indistinctly tipped with paler ;

the elongate first scapal segment is dusted with grey;

flagellar segments oval, narrowed at the ends. Head dark

grey with a median black stripe.

Pronotum pale brown, rather prominent. Mesonotal

prescutum pale brown with four indistinct darker brown

stripes, the median pair divided by a very indistinct, capillary

median line ; scutal lobes dark brown, the remainder of the

scutum pale brownish yellow ; scutellum pale brown, a little

darker laterally, continued caudad from the dark scutal

lobes ; postnotum dark brown. Pleura pale brown with a

darker chestnut-brown stripe extending from the fore cox

to the base of the halteres, the mesosternum likewise dark

brown, the space between these dark marks silvery pruinose.

Halteres long and slender, dark brown, the base of the stem

abruptly light yellow. Legs long and slender with the coxze

and trochanters reddish yellow; femora with the basal

quarter pale, thence passing into dark brown, the tip broadly

in the British Museum. 7

yellow, enclosing a brown subapical annulus, this being a

little broader than the actual yellow tip; tibia and tarsi

dark brown. Wings pale yellow, cells C, Sc, and 1st R,

brighter yellow; wing-surface marbled and sprinkled with

pale brown spots and clouds ; stigmal area enclosing a pale

yellow spot immediately before r ; the marks at the origin

of Rs and along the cord are somewhat darker brown, the

middle half of Rs being yellow, the ends surrounded by

these brown seams; 2nd Anal cell largely occupied by a

brown cloud ; compared with the somewhat similar L. soko-

trana, the markings are fewer in number and more confluent.

Venation : Sc moderately long, Sc; ending a short distance

before the fork of As, Sc, at the tip of Sc, ; r at the tip of

R,; basal deflection of Cu, at or a short distance before the

fork of MW.

Abdominal tergites brownish, the sternites brownish

yellow; hypopygium pale brown.

Hab. Uganda, British East Africa.

Holotype, 3, Hill Bembadalada, May 26, 1911 (Dr. C. H.

Marshall).

Paratype, 3, Fort Hall, British East Africa, May 1, 1912

(W. C. Prichard).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1912. 109, 1913. 394.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The paratype male is much less distinctly marked than

the type above described, but almost surely refers to the

same species.

Limnobia pecila, sp. n.

Head brown ; antennz dark brown, the flagellar segments

oval; pronotum and mesonotal prescutum reddish brown

with a broad median stripe; pleura reddish brown; legs

dark brownish black, the femora with an indistinct, narrow,

reddish ring before the tip; wings yellowish subhyaline with

brown spots and dots that are found in all the cells, but are

more distinct and clear-cut in the cells of the costal half,

paler and ill-defined in the cells of the caudal half of the

wing ; abdomen dark brown.

Male.—Length 8 mm.; wing 10:1 mm.; fore leg, femur

8°4 mm., tibia 10°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown, Antenne dark brown,

the flagellar segments oval. Head dark brown. _

Pronotum dark brownish black, the sides reddish yellow.

8 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Mesonotal prescutum reddish brown with a broad, brown,

median stripe ; scutal lobes dark brown; median area of the

scutum and the base of the scutellum obscure yellow ;

remainder of the mesonotum dark brown. Pleura reddish

brown without stripes. Halteres moderately elongated, the

stem obscure yellow, passing into the dark brown knobs.

Legs with the coxze and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora *

dark brownish black, the bases a little paler ; a very obscure,

narrow, reddish ring before the broad black tip; remainder

of the legs black. Wings with a fait yellow tinge, with

brown spots and dots scattered in all the cells, these heavier

and more distinct in the cells of the costal half of the wing,

very pale, ill-defined, and confluent in the caudal cells ; these

marks consist of a series of brown spots in cells C and Sc;

a large brown spot at the origin of fs, including cell Sc; a

larger spot at the tip of Se,; stigma oval, dark brown,

entire; wing-tip at the end of vein R,,3; darkened; the

spots in the radial cells are more scattered, but in the caudal

cells they are so numerous and approximate that their limits

become ill-defined and the general coloration of these cells

of the wing becomes pale brown; veins dark brown. Vena-

tion: Sc, ending almost opposite or but slightly before the

fork of Rs; Sc, at the tip of Sc, ; r at the tip of R, and

subequal to this tip; basal deflection of Cu at the fork

of M.

Abdominal segments dark brown, the centres of the disk

more reddish ; hypopygium brown,

Hab. Gold Coast.

Holotype, $, Bibiani, October, 1910 (Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia pecila is generally similar to L. rhanteria, but

is readily told by the diagnostic characters listed above.

Limnobia sokotrana, sp. un.

Antenne black, the segments not conspicuously elongated,

verticils short; vertex very narrow between the eyes;

mesonotum obscure greenish yellow with a broad blackish

median stripe; pleura yellow, with a conspicuous, longi-

tudinal, brown stripe; halteres with the knobs yellow; legs

with the femora long and slender, light brown, the tips dark

brown and with a yellowish subapical ring; wings pale

greyish yellow, with a few brown spots and seams at the

ends of the veins in the costal region and along the cord;

all the cells of the wing dotted with pale brownish grey ;

in the British Museum. 9

cell lst M, closed, basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the

fork of M; abdominal segments yellowish, the basal tergites

dark brown.

Male.—Length about 9°5 mm. ; wing 11°5 mm.; hind leg,

femur 10 mm., tibia 9°2 mm..-

Rostrum slightly elongate, dark brownish black ; palpi

black. Antenne dark brown throughout; first scapal

segment elongated ; basal flagellar segments enlarged, sub-

globular, the distal segments cylindrical, the verticils shorter

than the segments that bear them; terminal flagellar

segment nearly twice as long as the penultimate, deeply

constricted at mid-length to appear as two. Head dark

brown; vertex between the eyes very narrow, so that the

eyes are almost contiguous.

Pronotum obscure yellowish. Mesonotal prescutum

obscure greenish yellow with a broad, brownish-black,

median stripe that broadens out behind; scutal lobes

largely blackish brown ; scutellum and postnotum similar,

sparsely grey-pruinose, the sides at the base paler. Pleura

obscure yellow with a narrow, dark brown, longitudinal

stripe extending from the propleura, passing above the fore

cox and base of the halteres to the postnotum; meso-

sternum similarly dark brown. Halteres with the knobs

and bases of the stem yellowish, the remainder of the stem

pale brown. Legs with the coxe yellow, the posterior coxe

darker; trochanters dull yellow; femora rather long and

slender, light brown, the tips narrowly (1-1'1 mm.) dark

brownish black; a dull yellowish subapical ring ; tibize and

tarsi dark brown; claws with four basal teeth. Wings with

a pale greyish-yellow tinge, costal aud subcostal cells more

yellowish ; membrane with a few brown spots and seams,

and numerous pale brownish-grey dots in the cells; the

larger brown markings are as follows: Ath; at the origin

of Rs, continued along the vein to beyond a third its length;

tip of Sc,; at the tip of R, and along 7; as seams along the

cord and outer end of lst M,; the small pale dots are well

scattered over all the cells; there is a small yellowish area

near the end of cell ls¢ R,, immediately before r, giving a

somewhat ocellate appearance to the stigma. Venation:

Sc long, ending but a short distance before the fork of Rs,

Sc, at the tip of Sc, and subequal to it; Rs long, gently

arcuated; r at the tip of R,; Ry,3 rather arcuated at

origin, thence running parallel to &,,;; basal deflection

of R,,, about one-half longer than r—m ; cell 1st M, closed,

long-pentagonal, m being about two-fifths the length of the

10 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

long outer deflection of M,; basal deflection of Cu,

immediately before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites one and two, and the sides of three

dark brown; caudal margin of segments two to seven

obscure yellow, the remaining tergites reddish yellow;

sternite yellow.

Hab. Island of Sokotra.

Holotype, &, Adho, Diemellus, altitude 8500 feet,

February 15, 1899 (W. R. O.-Grant), B.M. no. 1903..75.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia nyasaensis, sp. n.

Antenne black, the flagellar segments pale at their tips ;

head dark-coloured, grey-pruinose; mesonotum reddish

yellow with an anterior dark brown median stripe on the

prescutum; femora with the tips broadly dark brown;

wings pale yellow, the costal and subcostal cetls brighter,

the membrane dotted with brown, the origin of Rs and r

seamed with darker brown.

Male.—Leugth about 6 mm.; wing 9°3 mm.

Female.—Length about 8 mm. ; wing 9'-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne black,

the distal’ends of the intermediate segments pale to produce

a bicolorous appearance; basal flagellar segments sub-

globular, the intermediate oval, the distal segments elongate-

oval. Head dark-coloured, grey-pruinose.

Pronotum reddish yellow with a dark brown median

stripe. Mesonotal preescutum sinilar, with an anterior dark

brown median line that becomes bifid and obliterated at

about mid-length of the sclerite ; remainder of the meso-

notum and the pleura reddish yellow. Halteres rather long

and slender, pale brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with

the coxze and trochanters reddish yellow ; femora brownish

yellow, the tips broadly dark brown; tibiz light brown, the

tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings pale

yellow, the costal and subcostal cells brighter ; a dark brown

seam at the origin of fs and along r and the tip of £,;

narrow, paler brown seams along the cord and outer end of

cell lst M,; scattered pale brown dots in all the cells as in

L. irrorata, their number and position somewhat variable.

Venation : Se rather long, ending opposite about two-thirds

the length of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc,; r at the tip of R,,

the latter being equa! to or about twice the length of the

former; cell 1s¢ A/, closed, irregularly pentagonal, m being

in the British Museum. 11

less than one-half the outer deflection of M3; basal deflection

of Cu, shortly before the fork of M.

Abdomen reddish brown.

Hub. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mianje, January 20, 1913 (S. A. Neave).

Allotopotype, 2, January 24, 1913.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 236.

Ty pe in the collection of the British Museum.

Limnobia nyasaensis is close to L. irrorata (Enderlein),

but differs in the broad dark brown femoral tips and the

eonspicuous dark brown seams at the origin of Rs and along

r and the tip of R,.

Limnobia humfreyi, sp. 0.

Antenne brown ; head dark grey; pronotum dull yellow

with a broad black median stripe; mesonotum black, the

humeral angles of the prescutum yellow; pleura obscure

yellowish ; halteres black, the basal third of the stem yellow;

femora dark brown, the tips black; wings subhyaline, costal

and subcostal cells dark brown; cord, outer end of cell

1st M,, and the wing-tip brown; abdominal tergite orange-

yellow with segments two, six, and seven black.

Male.—Length about 11 mm.; wing 11 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz with the scapal

segments brown, the flagellar segments a little darker brown ;

flagellar segments oval, the distal segments a little more

elongate, the longest verticils about one-half longer than the

segments that bear them. Head dark grey, the eyes very

large, the vertex between them narrowed to a linear strip.

Pronotum dull yellow with a broad black median stripe.

Mesonotal preescutum dull yellow witb a broad black median

stripe that is broadened out behind near the suture to

include the whole posterior half of the sclerite ; scutal lobes

black, the median area a little paler; scutellum and post-

notum dark brownish black. Pleura obscure yellowish

without darker markings. Halteres black, the basal third

of the stem abruptly light yellow. Legs with the coxz and

trochanters dull yellow; femora dark brown, the tips black ;

tibiz black, the extreme bases paler; tarsi black. Wings

subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells dark brown; stigma

dark brown, hairy; brown spots and seams at the origin

of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell Ist M/,; a less

distinct mark at arculus ; the wing-tip is broadly infuscated,

this including all but the base of cell 2nd R,, the outer half

12 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

of cells R; and R;, all but a spot at the base of cell 2nd M,

all of M;, all of Cu, except a large subbasal spot, and the

margins of the remaining cells of the wing; veins dark

brownish black. Venation: Sec long, Sc; ending a short

distance before the fork of Rs, Sc. at the tip of Sc,; Rs

angulated and slightly spurred at origin; 7 on the tip of R,

and long, nearly equal to the basal deflection of Cu,; basal

deflection of R,,; nearly three times the length of r-m; cell

lst M, long, narrow, a little widened distally, much longer

than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, just before

the fork of M.

Abdominal tergite one light orange-yellow ; two black,

except at the extreme base ; three orange, the caudal margin

indistinctly darkened; four orange ; five with the basal half

orange, the caudal half and all of segments six and seven

black ; eight and nine and the hypopygium orange; sternites

orange, segments three and the subterminal ring of the

tergites occurring on the sternites also, black.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, &, llesha (Capt. L. EH. H. Humfrey).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422. .

This handsome species is closely allied to L. congoensis,

Alexander (Belgian Congo), and several other species

described ‘at this time. It is with pleasure that the fly is

dedicated to Captain Humfrey as an appreciation of the

Jabour involved in collecting numerous Tipulide in Southern

Nigeria.

Limnobia grahami, sp. n.

Head dusky black, a narrow median line and the margins

of the eyes light grey ; mesonotum brownish black, only the

narrow humeral regions of the preescutum yellowish; meso-

pleura and mesosternum with a conspicuous transverse dark

brown area; legs black; abdomen with segments one, four,

eight, and nine yellow, two, three, five, six, and seven black.

Male.—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 10°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne with

the first scapal segment dark brown, the second segment

dark brown basally, the tip paler; flagellar segments

elongate-cylindrical, the verticils longer than the segments.

Head with the vertex blackish ; the median area and the

narrow margins adjoining the eyes light grey; the dusky

black areas of the vertex and occiput bear numerous black

in the British Museum. 13

bristles; vertex between the eyes narrowed at the hinder

part of the eyes, at the narrowest part rather light brown.

Pronotum yellowish, narrowly dark brown medially.

Mesonotal prescutum brownish black, sparsely dusted with

grey, especially behind ; humeral region very narrowly dull

yellow; remainder of the mesonotum black, the median

area of the scutum greyish. Pleura obscure yellow, the

mesepisternum, mesepimeron, and lateral sclerites of the

postnotum dark brown, sparsely dusted with greyish, directly

continuous with the median sclerite of the postnotum ;

sternites similarly dark brownish black. MHalteres dark

brown, the base of the stem narrowly yellowish. Legs with

the coxze obscure yellow, the outer faces infumed; tro-

chanters brown; legs dark brownish black. Wings nearly

liyaline, the costal and subcostal cells dark brown; stigma

dark brown, hairy ; wing-tip dark brown in cells 27d R, (except

the base), the outer half of R,; and R;,, all but the base of

2nd M,, M,, and Cu, and the apices of the other caudal cells ;

cord and outer end of cell lst M, rather broadly seamed

with dark brown ; a spot at the origin of Rs; veins brownish

black. Venation as in L. humfreyi.

Abdominal tergite one light yellow; two and three black

except a narrow basal ring; four orange; five to seven black;

eight, nine, and the hypopygium orange ; sternites gener ally

similar to the tergites.

Hab. Ashanti.

Holotype, 3 , Obuasi, July 5, 1907 (Dr. W. ML. Graham) ;

caught on window. B.M. no. 1908. 245.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia grahami is very close to L. humfreyi, but may be

told by the increase of black markings on the mesonotal

prescutum, the conspicuous dark area on the mesopleura,

the black abdomen with the fourth segment clear orange,

aud other characters.

Limnobia edwardsi, sp. n.

Mesonotal preescutum yellow with a broad black median

stripe ; scutal lobes, the distal halves of the scutellum, and the

postnotum deep velvety black, basal halves of the scutellum

and the postnotum yellow; pleura yellow with a narrow

transverse band across the mesopleura and mesosternum,

completely girdling the thorax at this point ; a dark mark in

front of the halteres, the area between these two dark bands

couspicuously yellow-pollinose ; legs black; wings with the

14 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

brown seams on the cord broad, cell ls¢ 17, long ; abdominal

tergites reddish with a black ring cn segments six and seven.

Male.—Length (exclusive of head) about 12 mm.; wing

13 mm. :

Head lost in the unique type.

Pronotum pale yellow with a broad median black stripe.

Mesonotal prescutum golden-yellow, with a broad black

median stripe, at the suture meeting the black scutal lobes,

from which extends laterad a narrow black girdle across

the pleura and sternum, completely encircling the body ;

median area of the scutum and the base of the scutellum

golden-yellow pollinose; remainder of the scutellum black ;

postnotum with the basal half golden-yellow pollinose, the

caudal half deep velvety black. Pleura hght yellow, with a

narrow transverse black band on the mesopleura and meso-

sternum as described above; sides of the postnotum cephalad

of the base of the halteres black ; the region immediately

beneath the wing-root dark brown; the large oval space

between these transverse black areas, occupying the mesepi-

meron and part of the mesosternum, light golden-yellow

pollinose. Halteres with the extreme base of the stem dark

brown; stem yellow, the knobs broken. Legs with the

coxee and trochanters light reddish yellow; remainder of

the legs black, the bases of the fore femora narrowly obscure

yellow. Wings pale yellowish subhydline; cell Sc brown,

cell C brown distally, the basal half pale; stigma oval, hairy,

dark brown; a large brown spot at the origin of Rs and

brown seams along the cord and outer end of cell lst M,;

wing-tip narrowly darkened, this including the outer half of

cell 2nd R, and the extreme outer ends of cells R3, R;, 2nd

M,, M3, Cu, and Cu; distal two-thirds of cell 2nd A greyish ;

vein Cu distinctly and rather broadly seamed with brown ;

the other ‘longitudinal veins more narrowly and _ less

distinctly seamed with brown, more distinct on the outer

half of the wing; veins dark brownish black. Venation :

Sc long, ending a short distance before the fork of Rs, Sc,

at the tip of Sc,; As slightly angulated at origin ; r at the

extreme tip of R, and more than twice the length of this tip ;

basal deflection of R,,; about two-fifths the length of Rs ;

ecll 1st M, long and comparatively narrow, longer than any

of the veins issuing from it, its imner end arcuated, lying

proximad of r-m; basal deflection of Cu and short distance

beyond the fork of MZ.

‘Abdominal tergite one yellow; two reddish with a black

ring around the middle; three and four reddish ; five reddish

with a black ring around the middle ; segments six and seven

in the British Museum. 15

black ; eight, nine, and hypopygium reddish ; eighth tergite

telescoped beneath the seventh.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 8, Nairobi, June-July, 1912 (Dr. A. D. Milne).

B.M. no. 1913. 192.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

It is with great pleasure that this very beautiful Limnobia

is dedicated to Mr. F. W. Edwards, in appreciation of his

critical studies on tropical 'Tipulidee.

Limnobia compta, sp. n.

Mesonotal prescutum yellow with a narrow, dark brown,

median stripe, before the suture traversed by a_ broad

transverse band that passes across the mesopleura and meso-

sternum, completely girdling the body; scutum with the

lobes black; scutellum light yellow; postnotum black ;

pleura with a silvery-white area behind the black girdle;

halteres black, pale basally; femora obscure brownish yellow,

the tips dark brown; wings faintly yellow, with incon-

spicuous dark markings ; basal abdominal segments black,

ringed caudally with reddish; segments five to seven black,

eight and nine orange.

Female.—Length about 10°5-11°5 mm.; wing 11-116 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scapal

segments yellowish brown; flagellar segments pale brown,

moderately elongated, and with long secund verticils. Head

light brown, sparsely grey-pruinose medially, the lateral

portions dark brown.

Pronotum yellow with a moderately broad, dark brown,

median stripe. Mesonotal prescutum subshiny, dull

yellowish with a narrow, dark brown, median stripe that

broadens out on the posterior half of the sclerite, before the

suture with a broad transverse band that forms a cross with

the median stripe; immediately in front of this cross the

median stripe is considerably narrowed; the transverse band

is continued laterad across the pleura and sternum, com-

pletely girdling the body; scutum obscure yellow, the lobes

largely shiny black, indistinctly connected with the black

pleural band ; scutellum conspicuously light yellow-pollinose;

postnotum shiny black. Pleura light yellow with a broad,

transverse, black band as described above, this including the

mesepisternum and mesosternum; lateral pieces of the

postnotum immediately before the bases of the halteres

black, these two black areas enclosing between them a

16 Dr. ©. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

narrow silvery-white spot. Halteres rather short, black, the

basal two-fifths of the stem pale yellow. Legs with the fore

coxe yellow; middle and hind cox with the outer faces

largely black ; trochanters obscure brownish yellow; femora

yellowish basally, the tips dark brown, these broadest on the

fore legs where less than the basal third is pale, narrowest on

the hind legs where it includes only the distal fifth ; tibize

pale brown, the tips narrowly dark brown ; tarsi dark brown.

Wings with a faint yellowish tinge; the base of the wing

before the arculus darkened: basal half of cell Sc darkened;

stigma oval, hairy, dark brown; narrow and indistinct brown

clouds at the origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of

cell ls¢ M,, and as indistinct clouds along the longitudinal

veins and in the ends of cells 2nd M,, M3, Cu,, and at the

end of vein lst A; veins dark brownish black. Venation :

Sc moderately short, Sc, ending but little beyond mid-length

of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc,; r at the tip of R,; cell lst M,

rather small, not longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal

deflection of Cu, a short distance before the fork of M.

Abdominal segments one to four black, the caudal margins

broadly reddish yellow; segments five to seven black, eight

and nine orange; valves of the ovipositor short and blunt

as in this group of species.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2, Oshogbo (Dr. T. F. G. Mayer).

Paratopotype, ? .

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Tribe ANTOCHINI.

Genus CreraTocHetLus, Wesché.

Ceratocheilus edwardst, sp. 0.

Rostrum about as long as the body ; head light grey ;

mesonotal prescutum light reddish orange; remainder of

the mesonotum brown ; pleura with a broad dark brown

dorsal stripe; wings pale creamy with a heavy dark brown

pattern; vein R,,; very long, bisinuous ; cell ls¢ M/, closed,

basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.

Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 6°3 mm. ; wing

4-4 mm.; rostrum about 6 mm.

Rostrum very long and slender, approximately as long

as the body, dark brown, the extreme base almost black.

in the British Museum, 17

Antennz dark brownish black. Head clear light grey, the

vertex surrounding the antennal bases infuscated ; corni-

culus flattened, sub-oval, narrowed at the base, pale oranges,

the surtace whitish-pubescent. Space between the eyes

broad.

Pronotum dark brown, Mesonotal prescutum greatly

narrowed and projecting anteriorly over the pronotum, lizht

reddish orange in colour without apparent darker markings ;

remainder of the mesonotum brown. Pleura pale, with a

very broad, dark brown, dorsal stripe extending from the

pronotum to the base of the abdomen. Sternum dark

brown, this colour continued across the outer faces of the

middle aud hind coxe. Halteres pile yellow, the base of

the stem a little darker, the kuobs large, dark brownish

black. Legs with the fore cox light-colour d, the middle

aid hind coxe more or less infumed on their outec faces ;

trochanters dull yellow ; remainder of the legs dark brown,

the femoral bases and the last tarsal segment paler. Wings

with a pale creamy tinge, the wing-base and costal region

more yellowish ; a heavy dark brown pattern as follows :—

a small seam at 4; a large dark brown mark just beyond the

arculus, extending from cell C to the lst Ana/ vein’; a large

seam at Sc,; a large U-shaped mark at the origin of Rs, one

branch embracing the tip of Sc,, the other the tip of R,, the

end of cell Sc between being pale, this brown mark continued

caudad almost to vein J/; a large rounded area at the end

of vein R,,3; cord and onter end of cell Ist M, seamed

with dark brown; brown spots at the ends of veins of Cu,

Cu,, lst A, and 2nd A; a large cloud beyond mid-length of

vein Ist A ; a paler brown subapical band extending from

cell R; to M;, the extreme wing-tip in cells R3, R;, and A,

creamy white; veins yellow, dark brown in the darkened

areas. Venation: R,,3; very long for a member of this

genus, gently bisinuous, approximately as long as the sector

itself, cell R, being unusually long; cell Ist M, closed ;

basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the distance a

little longer than m.

Abdomen dark brown.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 3, Ikotobo, November 1913 (Dr. J. W. Scott-

Macfie).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

48.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 2

18 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

This interesting fly is readily told from the other known

species of the genus, nine in number, by the long vein Ry,3

and the very heavy wing-pattern. Ceratocheilus edwardsi is

dedicated to Mr. F. W. Edwards in appreciation of his

critical work in determining the true status of the subfamily

Ceratocheilinze of Wesché and the synonymy of the genera

therein included (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. viii.

pp. 279-283, 1911).

Genus Etrruantomyta, Osten-Sacken.

Elephantomyia nitidithorax, sp. n.

Rostrum longer than the body, dark brown ; head grey ;

mesonotal prescutum shiny brownish yellow with three

confluent shiny black stripes; pleura reddish yellow with a

sooty-black dorsal area; legs dark brown; wings faintly

brownish, stigma dark brown ; abdomen dull brownish

yellow, the tergites indistinctly ringed with darker brown.

Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 7 mm. ; wing

8 mm.; rostrum about 6°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown, about as long as the body.

Antenne dark brownish black, with fifteen segments, as in

the genus, the flageilar segments with very long verticils.

Head grey, the vertex between the eyes very narrow.

Cervical sclerites dull yellow. Pronotum dark brown.

Mesonotal prescutum shiny brownish yellow with three

confluent shiny black stripes, the humeral angles of the

ground-colour ; scutum shiny yellowish brown; scute]lum

and postnotum deep brownish black. Pleura shiny reddish

yellow; asooty-black triangular area on the mesepisternum

just beneath the margin of the mesonotal prescntum ;

immediately behind this blackened area and beneath the

wing-root a strong erect seta. Halteres brown, the knobs

dark brown. Legs with the cox and trochanters brownish

yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown, the bases of the

fore femora narrowly dull yellow. Wings with a faint

brownish tinge, a little darker at the apex; stigma oval,

dark brown; veinsdark brown. Venation as in E. westwoodi,

Osten-Sacken (genotype), except that Fs is a little longer,

and angulated or slightly spurred at origin : Se ending just

before the fork of Rs; basal deflection of Cu, but a short

distance beyond the fork of M, at less than one-fourth the

length of cell lst Mg.

Abdominal tergites dull brownish yellow, the basal and

posterior margins of the segments narrowly and indistinctly

in the British Museum. 19

dark brown to produce an annulated appearance ; sternites

more yellowish; eighth segment uniformly darkened.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 3, Yaba, Lagos (Dr. L. H. Booth).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

55.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Elephantomyia nitidithorar is closest to E. wahilbergi,

Bergroth (Caffraria), from which it is distinguished by the

different coloration of the prescutum and pleura, the dark

brown legs, the differently coloured abdominal tergites, and

the venation, the latter assuming that Bergroth’s comparison

of his species with the genotype, E. westwoodi, is correct.

Elephantomyia neavei, sp. un.

Rostrum less than half as long as the body, dark brown ;

head light brown, pale buffy grey adjoining the eyes ; meso-

notum buffy brown, the prescutum with a broad brown

median stripe ; scutal lobes with dark brown ceutres ; wings

subhyaline, the stigma pale; cell R; at the wing-margin

broad ; cell lst M, very small; basal deflection of Cu, before

the fork of M.

Male.——Length (excluding rostrum) about 7°5 mm. ;

wing 7°5 mm.; rostrum 3°3 mm.

Rostrum only moderately elongated, slender, dark brown ;

palpi rather long, dark brown. Antenne dark brownish

black, normal for this genus, Head light brown, pale bufty

grey adjoining the inner margins of the eyes; vertex

harrow.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal przscutum light buffy

brown with a broad, dark brown, median stripe, which is

somewhat more reddish anteriorly; scutum light butty

brown, the centres of the lobes dark brown ; remainder of

the mesonotum pale buffy brown. Pleura pale plumbeous

brown. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

pale brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs pale yellowish

brown, the terminal tarsal segments darker brown. Wings

subhyaline, the bases pale yellow ; stigma pale brown; veins

pale brown, Sc more yellowish. Venation : Sc rather short,

euding about opposite two-thirds the length of the long

straight Rs, Sc. at the tip of Sc, ; R;,3 rather short, parallel

with R,,; to near its tip, when it bends slightly cephalad

so that cells R, and /?; are approximately equal at the

ye

20 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

wing-margin ; cell lst Jf, very small for a member of this

genus, pentagonal, the section of M,,, between r—m and m

shorter than the basal section and about equal to m; the

fusion of Af, and Cu, longer than any of the other veins

that surround cell Ist M/,; basal deflection of Cu, before

the fork of M, this distance about equal to one-half the

length of the basal deflection of Cu,.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the hypopygium brown,

the sternites reddish brown.

Hub. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3 , Mt. Mlanje, December 5, 1912 (S. A. Veave).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 236.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This curious fly requires comparison with no other of the

known species of the genus. It is dedicated to the collector

in appreciation of his efforts in collecting members of this

neglected family of flies in Eastern Africa.

Genus DicranoprycHa, Osten-Sacken.

Dicranoptycha atricolor, sp. 1.

General coloration deep. shiny black, the antennal scape

and bases of the fore femora brighter.

Male.—Length about 10 mm. ; wing 12 mm. ; hind lg,

femur 9 mm., tibia 10°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Anteunz with the scape

dark brown, the flagellar segments black. Head dark

brown.

Pronotum and mesonotum deep shiny black. Pleura

shiny black. Prosternum broad. Haltercs dark brownish

black. Legs with the coxz and trochanters black ; femora

black, the bases of the fore femora dull yellow; tibize dark

brown, tipped with black ; metatarsi dark brown, tipped

with black; remainder of the tarsal segments broken. Wings

with a deep, dark brown tinge, more suffused in the cos.al

region ; velus dark brown. Venation: Se longer than in

D. natalia, Sc, ending about opposite r—m, Sc, beyond mid-

length of the deflection of /,,; ; R, beyond 7 shorter than

the deflection of R,,;; Rs short, about equal to or shorter

than cell lst Mg.

Abdomen black throughout. |

Hoh, Uganda.

in the British Museum. 21

Holotype, 8, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, altitude 38500-

3800 ft., July 16-25, 1911 (S. 4. Neave). B.M. no. 1913.

140,

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Dicranoptycha atricolor may be confused only with the

much smaller D. natalia, Alexander (Natal), which is readily

told by the paler body-coloration, the yellow trochanters,

and the different venational details as outlined above.

Genus RuAmpuipia, Meigen.

Rhamphidia iris, sp. n.

Rostrum very long and slender, nearly as long as the

head and thorax taken together; head grey ; mesonotal

prescutum and scutum shiny black, remainder of the

thorax orange-yellow ; coxe and trochanters black ; wings

iridescent, the apex and stigma brown; abdomen black,

the last segment (in the female) orange.

Female.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 8 mm.; wing

7 mm.; rostrum 2 mm.

Rostrum very long and moderately slender, nearly as long

as the combined head and thorax, dark brown, the short

brown palpi at the tip. Antenne dark brown throughout,

the flagellar segments oval. Head dark, heavily hight grey-

pruinose ; eyes large, the vertex between them very narrow.

Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum orange-yellow,

the anterior margin a little darkened. Mcsonotal preescutum

and most of the scutum shiny black, the posterior margins

of the scutal lobes, scutellum, and postnotum orange-yellow.

Pleura and sternum orange-yellow. Prosternum rather

broad and extensive, narrowed anteriorly. Halteres black,

only the extreme base of the stem yellowish. Legs with the

coxee and trochanters black, contrasting conspicuously with

the light-coloured pleura; remainder of the legs broken.

Wings subhyaline, highly iridescent, the costal and subcostal

cells a little darker ; wing-tip in cells A, to J/, darkened ;

stigma oval, dark brown; veins dark brownish black.

Venation (a single wing preserved in the unique type) :

Sc ending opposite the end of Rs, Sc, at the end of Se, ;

Rs long, almost straight; basal deflection of Ay,; about

equal to m; cell Ist M, closed ; basal deflection of Cu, a

little beyond mid-length of the cell Ist J/).

Abdomen black, the genital segment orange. Ovipositor

22 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

brown, the tips paler, the tergal valves very long, almost

straight, slightly upcurved at the tips.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 2 , “Col. Cole’s house, NTB, early morning,”

November 1904 (Capt. Eh. D. W. Greig). B.M. 1905. 310.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia cacoxena, sp. 0.

Rostrum very long and slender, nearly as long as the head

and thorax taken together ; head grey ; mesonotum black ;

pleura dark brown, the metapleura more brownish yellow ;

coxze and trochanters black ; wings iridescent, the apex and

stigma brown; abdomen black, the last segment orange.

Female.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 5°5 mm. ;

wing 5 mm.; rostrum 1°4 mm.

Rostrum very long and moderately slender, nearly as

long as the combined head and thorax; palpi dark brown.

Antenne dark brown, Tlead grey.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotum black. Pleura dark

brown, the dorsal pleurites and metapleura obscure brownish

yellow. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem dull

yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters dark brown ;

femora dark brown ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings

subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells and the wing-tips

darkened ; stigma dark brown, large, extending across cell

R, to vein R,,;; membrane iridescent. Venation as in

R. iris, but the basal deflection of Cu, before the middle of

cell lst M, ; cell R; at the wing-margin but little wider than

ceil A.

Abdomen black, the genital segment and valves of the

ovipositor orange; valves of the ovipositor straight, the tips

a little upeurved.

flab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2, llesha, August 17, 1910 (Capt. L. E. A.

Humfrey). “ Cauglit in house.”

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422. °

_ Type in. the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia cacozxena very closely resembles R. iris, of which

it appears almost as a miniature; the different coloration of

the posterior sclerites of the mesonotum will separate the

two species.

in the British Museum. 23

Rhamphidia obsoleta, sp. un.

Rostrum very long and slender, nearly as long as the

head and thorax taken together; general coloration brown ;

wings nearly hyaline; stigma pale brown, the wing-tip not

darkened.

Female.—ULength (excluding rostrum) about 6:3 mm. ;

wing 5°7 mm.; rostrum 1°8 mm.

Rostrum long and comparatively slender, nearly as long

as the combined head and thorax, dark brown; palpi dark

brown. Antennz dark brown. Head dark brown.

Mesonotum brown, the pleura scarcely paler. Halteres

brown. Legs slender; coxe and trochanters dark brown ;

remainder of the legs dark brown, the terminal tarsal

segments a little paler. Wings'nearly hyaline ; stigma pale

brown, not reaching vein R,,3; veins dark brown. Venation:

Sc ending just beyond the end of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se, ;

vein R,,, running parallel with ,,;, diverging only at the

end of the cell, cell R; trumpet-shaped only at its outer end ;

cell R; but little wider at the wing-margin than cell R, ;

cell lst M, small, hexagonal, the section of M,,:. between

r—m and m subequal to the basal section of J/,,,. and nearly

twice as long as m; m subequal to the outer deflection of

M,; basal deflection of Cu, slightly beyond mid-length of

cell lst AL.

Abdomen dark brown; valves of the ovipositor long and

straight. ;

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, 2, October 1904 (Major F. Smith). B.M.

no. 1904. 347.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

In general appearance, Rhamphidia obsoleta agrees most

closely with R. cacovena (Southern Nigeria), from which it

may be told by the darker thoracic pleura, the lack of

darkened wing-tips, the smaller and paler stigma, and the

different venation, the longer /s, the longer Sc which ends

beyond the fork of Rs, the narrower and straighter cell R;

which is suddenly dilated at its outer end, the lower cell

lst M, and the consequent elongation of r—m, and other

characters.

Rhamphidia morosa, sp. 0.

General coloration dark brown; rostrum about twice the

length of the head ; wings uniformly pale brown, the stigma

24 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

darker brown ; cell R; about three times as wide as cell R,

at the wing-margin; cell 1st J/, closed, irregularly pentagonal.

Female.-—Leugth (excluding rostrum) 6°6 wm. ; wing

7 mm.; rostrum 1°3 mm.; abdomen alone 4°4 mm.

Rostrum about twice the length of the head, dark brown ;

palpi dark brown. Antenne and head dark brown.

The thorax is badly injured in pinning and the coloration

can be discussed in general terms only. Mesonotum dark

brown, pleura a little paler. Halteres dark brown, the base

of the stem a little paler. Legs long and slender ; cox and

trochanters dark brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown,

the femora a little paler basally, the tarsi somewhat paler at

the tips. Wings with a uniform pale brown suffusion, the

subcostal cell a little darker ; stigma elongate-oval, darker

brown ; veins dark brown. ' Venation: Se ending just before

the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se, ; R,,3 running rather

close to R, before the end of the latter; cell R3 very wide at

the wing-margin, about three times as wide as cell R, ; cell

lst M, closed, irregularly pentagonal ; M,,,. between 7-m

and m being a little shorter than the basal deflection of M,,.

and but little longer than the gently arcuated m; outer

deflection of J/; perpendicular, about two-thirds as long as

m ; basal deflection ot Cu, immediately before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites brownish

yellow. Ovipositor with the valves long and straight, the

extreme tips broken in the unique type.

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, 2, October 1904 (Major F. Smith). B.M.

1904. 347.

T'ype in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia imperfecta, sp. n.

Rostrum long and slender, about twice the length of the

head ; general coloration dark brown ; legs dark brown,

the tarsi paler ; wings hyaline, the stigma narrow, pale

brown ; cell Ist J/, open, basal deflection of Cu, beyond the

fork of MM.

Sex ?—Wing 5 mm. ; rostrum 1 mm.

The type-specimen has the tip of the abdomen injured, so

the sex cannot be determined.

Rostrum moderately elongate, about twice the length of

the head, dark brown ; palpi dark brown, Antenne with

\

in the British Museum. as

the scapal segments dark brown, the flagellum broken.

Ilead dark brown, the cheeks with long curved sete.

Mesonotum dark brown without apparent darker markings,

the pleura a Jittle paler. Halteres broken. Legs with the

coxe and trochanters testaceous brown ; remainder of the

legs dark brown, the tarsi somewhat paler brown. Wings

hyaline; s!igma narrow, indistinct, pale brown; veins dark

brown. Venation: Se ending just before the fork of Rs,

Se, at the tip of Sc;; Rs long and almost straight; cell

lst M, open by the atrophy of m; basal deflection of Cu,

inserted a short distance beyond the fork of M, the distance

between it and the fork of J/ about one-third the fusion of

Cu, and M3.

Abdomen dark brownish black, the tip injured.

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, sex?, Daru (Dr. Murphy).

Presented by the Eutomological Research Committee,

1913. 594.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia imperfecta may be told by the open cell Ist 473,

a character possessed only by R. eamarounensis, Alexander,

among the known Ethiopian species of the genus. This

latter fly is the type of tie subgenus Rhamphidina, distin-

guished by the shorter Sc, the very divergent veins Ry,3 and

R,,; with the consequent widening of cell R;, and the loca-

tion of the basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.

Genus Tevcuo.iaBis, Osten-Sacken.

Teucholabis rubrithorax, sp. n.

Hesd black; thorax shiny reddish yellow throughout ;

wings subhyaline with three narrow brown cross-bands, the

last occupying the wing-tip far beyond tle outer end of ceil

lst M,; abdomen black, the ovipositor reddish horn-colour.

Female.— Length about 775 mm.; wing 62 mm.

Rostrum slender, nearly as long as the Lead, dark brown ;

palpi dark brown. Autennee dark brownish black, the

scapal segments a little paler brown. Head black, tlie

anterior part of the vertex sparsely grey-pubesceut.

Neck brown. Pronotum reddish. Mesouotum shiny

redddish yellow without distinct darker stripes. Pieura

reddish yellow. Halteres dark brown, the knobs light

yellow. Legs with the cox and trochauters reddish yellow ;

26 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

fore femora with the basal three-fifths yellow, the slightly

incrassated apex black; hind femora with the basal half dull

yellow, passing into dark brown; tibiz dark brown, tipped

with black; tarsi black. Wings subhyaline with three narrow

brown cross-bands, the first at the level of the origin of the

sector, most evident at the origin of the sector and the end

of vein 2nd A, very pale and indistinct in the intervening

cells ; the second band is located along the cord, broadest

at costa, extending to the fork of Cw and thence as a much

paler cloud to the wing-margin ; the third band occupies

the wing-apex, the inner margin almost straight, including

the extreme tips of cells 2nd FR, and Ms, about the outer

third of cells R;, R;, and 2nd M,; veins dark brown, veins C,

Sc, and the wing-base more yellowish. Venation: Sc ending

beyond mid-length of the long sector, Sc, far back from its

tip, nearer to the origin of Rs than to the tip of Se, ; cell

lst M, long and narrow, widened distally, a little longer

than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, near the

inner end of cell lst Mg.

Abdomen shiny black. Ovipositor reddish horn-colour,

the bases of the sternal valves black ; tergal valves of the

ovipositor long and slender, strongly upcurved, the tips

acute,

Hab. Gold Coast.

Holotype, 2, Aburi, 1912-1913 (W. H. Patterson). B.M.

no. 398.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Teucholabis nodipes, Speiser (Cameroun), has the meso-

thorax largely shiny black and the brown wing-pattern more

extensive.

Teucholabis latifascia, sp. n.

Male.—ULength about 7 mm.; wing 6°7 mm.

Female.— Length about 7 mm.; wing 6°2 mm.

Very similar to 7. rubrithorax, differing as follows:

The wing-apex and the brown band at the cord are much

broader, the apex including about the outer third:of cell

2nd R,, nearly the outer half of cell A;, and the outer three-

fourths of cell 2nd M, ; the band at the cord is approximately

one-half as wide as the hyaline band between it and the dark

apex ; the latter is approximately as wide as, or wider than,

this hvaline band; the basal band is but little narrower

than the band at the cord. Cell 1s¢# M, is longer, slightly

exceeding in length that portion of vein Cu, beyond it and

subequal to vein M7, beyond it.

in the British Museum. 27

Hab. Ashanti.

Holotype, 3, Obuasi, June 8, 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham).

B.M. 1908. 245.

Allotopotype, 3? , July 5, 1907.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

A note by the collector indicates that these specimens

were “caught on window.”

Tribe ER1oPTERINI.

Genus Ertoprera, Meigen.

Erioptera (Erioptera) carissima, sp. n.

Autenne pale brownish yellow ; head shiny black ; meso-

notal prescutum obscure yellow with three stripes, the

median stripe reddish brown, the lateral stripes blackish;

halteres pale yellow at the base, the remainder brownish

black ; legs light yellow; wings light yellow, with three pale

greyish cross-bands, the tip broadly pale ; male hypopygium

with two pleural appendages, the inner one branched;

gonapophyses powerful, directed laterad.

Male.—Length about 55 mm.; wing 5°3 mm.

Female.—Leugth about 5°8 mm.; wing 54 mm.

Rostrum and palpi pale brownish yellow. Antenne in

the male sex pale brownish yellow, in the female with the

flagellum a shade darker brown than the scape. Head

shiny brownish black, eyes of the male very large, broadly

contiguous beneath.

Mesonotum highly polished, obscure yellowish, with three

broad stripes, the median stripe reddish brown, the lateral

stripes almost black ; scutum with the lobes shiny brownish

black, indistinctly margined with pale; seutellum dull

b-ownish yellow ; postnotum with the basal half brown, the

posterior half almost black. Pleura with the dorsal sclerites

deep chestnut-brown, the ventral sclerites yellowish ; a con-

spicuous china-white area on the mesepisternum, cephalad

aud ventrad of the wing-root ; in the paratype, this area is

scarcely evident. Halteres with the basal half of the stem

pale yellow, the remainder of the stem and the knobs dark

brownish black. Legs with the cox and trochanters

light yeliow; femora clear golden yellow; tibie brownish

yellow; tarsi pale, the apical segments dark brown. Wings

light yellow, including a broad incomplete sub-basal band,

a broad band immediately before the cord, and the broad

28 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Cran--flies

wing-apex, this latter narrowest in the type male; remainder

of the wing-surface provided vith three broad, pale grey

cross-bands, as follows: the first just beyond the arculus,

occupying most of the basal half of cell 2nd A, in cells

and M narrowly connected with the broad second band

which occupies the level of the sector aud the end of vein

2nd A, beginning in cell Se, continued to the posterior

margin, the third band lies just beyond the cord, narrowest

near the dark brown stigma, continued candad across the

wing, occupying about the basal halves of cells /,, Ry, R;,

M,, and M3, all but the base of cell Cu, and the tip of cell Cu;

veins brown, a little darker in the grey areas. Venation :

almost as in the related /. péringueyi, but vein Cuy is less

strongly bent near the tip and vein 2nd A runs closer to

the wing-margin atits bend so that cell 2nd A is very narrow

at this point,

Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, shiny, indistinctly

darker medially; sternites rather more uniformly yellowish,

Male hypopygium with the pleurites stout, the inner apical

angle a little produced and covered with numerous setigerous

tubercles ; two pleural appendages, the outer one straight,

the stem slender, the apex enlarged into a globular head

that is covered with parallel rows of overlapping, scale-like

structures; the inner appendage is profoundly two-brauched,

the arms divergent at a straight angle; the short arm is

straight, the long arm recurved just beyond the base so the

loug apex lies subparallel with the short arm; this arm is a

httle dilated befure the acute tip and here provided with

numerous short appressed hairs. Gonapophyses flattened,

the inner angles produced into poweriul blackened horns

that are directed strongly laterad and thus divergent. Ninth

pleurites dark brown basally, the tips brightened.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mt. Mianje, January 18, 1914 (S.A. Neave).

Allotopotype, ¢, August 29, 1913.

Paratopotype, scx ?, abdomen broken, September 3, 1913.

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

431, 1915. 58.

'ype in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

Ilistory).

‘This beautiful crane-fly is readily told from #. péringueyi,

Bergroth, the ouly described species tiat 1s close to it, by

the well-marked diagnostic characters given above.

tn the British Museum. 29

Erioptera (Erioptera) carissima nitidiuscula, subsp. n.

Female.—Length 61 mm.; wing 5°5 mm.

Very similar to typical carissima, differing as follows:

The entire thoracic dorsum and pleura is a deep brownish

black, with a light yellow area on the mesepisternum as

described under the typical form. The dark wing-pattern

is more extensive, all three bands being connected with one

another in the cubital ceils of the wing, the band beyond

the cord suffusing the entire wing-apex, excepting a narrow

delicate margin at the extreme tip. Abdomen dark brown,

only the bases of the segments indistinctly paler; genital

segments and valves of the ovipositor reddish horn-colour,

as in the typical form.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 2, Mumias District, north and south banks of

the Nzoia River, North Kavioronda, September 2, 1911

(C. W. Woodhouse); on self.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1912. 196.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Erioptera subirrorata, sp. n."

General coloration pale greyish brown, the dorsal pleural

sclerites of the thorax rather darker; halteres with the

knobs pale ; legs with the femora yellowish, the tibiz more

brownish ; wings faintly brownish yellow, the outer costal

margin more suffused, the veins beyond the cord faintly

irrorate with pale brown dots; cell ls¢ M, closed, 2nd Anal

vein sinuate.

Sex? —Wing 6°3 mm.

Rostrum and the rather large palpi brown. Antenne

with the scapal segments brown, the flagellum broken.

Head dull yellow, the vertex whitish-pruinose.

Mesonotum pale greyish brown, the lateral margins of

the prescutum paler; tuberculate pits separated by a

distance that is about equal to three t:mes the diameter of

one, located immediately cephalad of the level of the nearly

transverse pseudosutural fovee. Pleura dull yellow, the

dorsal sclerites broadiy but somewhat indistinctly infuscated

to produce a dorsal st:ipe. Halteres brown, the knobs large,

light brownish yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters

light yellow ; femora yellow; tibiz and tarsi brown, the

distal segments of the latter darker brown, Wings with

a faint brownish-yellow suffusion, the costal margin between

30 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

the origin of Rs and the wing-apex more suffused with brown,

the basal half of the costal cell pale ; veins beyond the cord

in the radial and medial fields with series of small pale

brown dots, somewhat after the fashion of Conosia irrorata ;

larger, dark brown spots along the costal margin at Scz, Se),

R,, R,, and R;. Venation: Sc, retreated some distance

from the tip of Sc,, Scg being at about one-third the distance

between the origin ef Rs and the tip of Sc,; r on /, at

about its own length beyond the fork of Ry,3; Ro,3 about

equal to the peal deflection of Cu,; cell lst My, closed;

m transverse; inner end of cell Ist My, narrowed; Racal

deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the Gietanee about

equal to r-m; 2nd Anal vein sinuous, as in the subgenus

Erioptera.

Abdomen broken.

Hab. British Fast Africa.

Holotype, sex ?, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1,

1912 (R. B. Woosnam). B.M. no. 1914. 2.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The unique type above described is in poor condition, one

wing and the abdomen being lost. ‘The well-marked

characters diagnosed above will render the species easily

recognizable. The type is pinned on the same pin witha

paratype of Limnophila diffusa.

Erioptera ignava, sp. 1.

Head dark grey ; mesonotal prescutum yellow with three

reddish-brown stripes; scutellum dark brown; postnotum

with a median brown line ; pleura with a broad dark brown

dorsal stripe and a slightly narrower yellow ventral stripe ;

wings long and narrow, greyish yellow ; cell lst WM, closed,

vein 2nd A straight.

Male.—Length 5°38 mm.; wing 5‘7 mm.

Female.—Length 6 mm. ; wing 6°2 mm.

Rostrum varying from light to dark brown. Antenne

dark brown, the scapal segments slightly paler brown.

Head dark grey, the vertex surrounding the eyes pale

brownish yellow, in some cases forming a U-shaped mark

behind the antennze with the arms of the U directed back-

ward ; posterior region of the vertex with numerous, stiff,

subproclinate bristles; eyes small, broadly separated both

above and below.

Pronotum moderately prominent, light yellow, the scu-

tellum with a shiny median area ; procoxe large, practically

contiguous. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with three reddish-

brown stripes, the lateral margins of the sclerite brighter ;

in the British Museum. 3

scutal lobes reddish brown, scutellum dark brown; postnotum

dull yellow, dark brown medially. Pleura with the dorso-

pleural membranes dull yellow; a broad conspicuous, brown

to dark brown dorsal stripe, coutinued from the prosternum

to the base of the abdomen ; immediately beneath this stripe

is a slightly narrower, light yellow stripe passing immediately

above the coxal bases; sides of the mesosternum deep

reddish, the median area light yellow, with a deep median

impressed line. Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxze

reddish; trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow, the

tips indistinctly brownish ; tibiz yellowish brown; tarsi

brown. Wings long and narrow, with a strong greyish-

yellow tinge, the stigma indistict ; veins brown. Venation:

Se long, ending opposite to the fork of Rs, Scg some distance

from the tip of Sc;, so that it les just beyond mid-distance

between the origin of Rs and the tip of Sc,; Rs long, slightly

angulated at origin ; A,,, about two-fifths the length of Rs,

r at its fork ; cell R, very long and narrow ; the very short

basal deflection of R,,5 1s almost in direct alignment with

both Rs and Ry,5; r—m about twice r; cell lst MM, very long

and narrow, widened distally, a little longer than vein Cu,

beyond it; basal detlection of Cu, at the fork of M; 2nd

Anal vein almost straight, cell 1s¢ A consequently widest at

the wing-margin.

Abdomen brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with the

pleurites moderately elongated, the inner face concave ; two

short, shiny black appendages, the dorsal one about twice as

Jarge as the ventral. ‘I'he female has the valves fleshy or at

least not strongly chitinized as in most species of the genus ;

the tip of the abdomen is abruptly narrowed, viewed from

beneath with the tip feebly bilobed.

Hab. Cape Colony.

Holotype, 3, Cape Town, September 7.

Allotopotype, 2, October 9.

Type in the collection of the British Muscum (Natural

History).

This fly would seem to be one of the aberrant members of

the genus Hrioptera, though it is possible that more material

would necessitate its removal from this group.

Erioptera nigrolatera, sp. 0.

Head black, heavily light grey-pruinose ; mesonotal pre-

scutum with a broad grey median stripe, the broad lateral

stripes sooty black; legs brown clothed with conspicuous

erect hairs; wings dusky grey; cell lst M, open by the

atrophy of m, Anal veins divergent; abdomen brownish

32 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

black ; gonapophyses of the male hypopygium shaped like a

furcula, the arms expanded into blades at their tips.

Male.— Length 4-46 mm.; wing 5-5°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne black, the

distal flagellar segments more brownish; second scapal

segment oval, tumid; two basal flagellar segments similar,

but much smaller; remaining flagellar segments somewhat

elongated, enlarged at mid-length and here with moderately

long verticils. Head black, heavily light grey-pruinose.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal przescutum with the

lateral margin narrowly but conspicuously light yellow;

disk pale grey with a broad, darker grey, median stripe and

broad, sooty-black, lateral stripes; remainder of the meso-

notum dark, sparsely pruinose. Pleura brown, sparsely

pruinose, the dorso-pleural membrane dull yeilow. Halteres

brown. Legs with the cox dark brown, pruinose; tro-

chanters yellowish brown ; femora pale brown with rather

sparse, but conspicuous, long erect hairs ; remainder of the

legs darker brown, the erect hairs a little less conspicuous.

Wings with a dusky grey tinge ; veins dark brownish black.

Venation: Sc long, Se; ending beyond the fork of R43,

Sc, retreated some distance from the tip of Sc, lying

immediately before the end of As; As long and straight;

R,,, straight, a litle shorter than the basal deflection of Cu; ;

r very faint, located on R, at a distance from the fork of

R,,; that is about equal to this latter vein; R, slightly

arcuated at its origin, so cell R, is wide at its base ; veins /?3

and &,,; almost parallel, Mj, slightly upeurved at its tip ;

cell 1st M, opened by the atrophy of m; basal deflection of

Cu, at about mid-length of vein J/;; Anal veins divergent.

Abdomen dark brownish black, the appendages of the hy-

popygium horn-coloured. Male hypopygium with the tergal

plate rather large, the caudal margin nearly circularly

concave, the lateral angles produced into slender cylindrical

horns that are directed caudad and slightly proximad ;

pleurites long, somewhat compressed, relatively slender, with

but a single apparent appendage; this is relatively small,

gradually narrowed to the acute bristle-like tip, the face

provided with numerous setigerous punctures; just beyond

mid-length of the appendage a slender, cylindrical, thumb-

like appendage. Gonapophyses very conspicuous, appearing

as a furcula on the ventral face of the genital chamber ;

each arm is a prominent flattened blade, shaped somewhat

like a leg and foot, the toe produced into a long curved

point that is decussate with its mate of the opposite side ;

at the base of the fork on the veutral face a slender, straight,

in the British Museum. 33

chitinized rod that bears a short lateral spine on its dorsal

face.

Hab, Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mianje, January, February, 1914 (Dr. J. B.

Davey).

Paratopotype, 3.

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

303, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This species needs no comparison with any of the known

species of the genus. Together with the last-described

species, 17. iynava, the present form must be considered an

aberrant member of the genus Hrioptera, and yet there are

no sufficient tangible characters on which to remove either

from this large and somewhat heterogeneous group.

Genus GnorHomyta, Osten-Sacken.

Gnophomyia peramena, sp. n.

Head, thoracic pleura, and segments seven to-nine of

the abdomen black; mesonotum, halteres, and base of the

abdomen orange ; legs black, the bases of the femora yellow;

wings dark brown with a broad white band before the cord

that does not attain the costal, subcostal, or anal cells;

distal cells of the wing pubescent.

Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 7:2 mm.

Female.—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 8°2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Auteunz dark brownish

black, the basal flagellar segments rather elongate, a little

produced distally on the inner face, outer flagellar segments

more oval. Head shiny black.

Pronotal scutum deep black. Mesonotum and dorso-

pleural membranes orange. Tuberculate pits a little

auterior to the level of the pseudosutural fovese. Pleura

deep black. Halteres orange. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters black; femora black with the bases yellow,

narrowest on the fore femora where it occupies a little more

than one-third of the segment, broadest on the hind legs

where it includes about three-fifths of the segment ; tibiz

and tarsi black. Wings dark brown, variegated with white ;

a broad white band before the cord, extending from vein R

into cell Cu, very distinct in cells 2nd R,, R, and M; an oval

white spot in cell R before the origin of Rs; a less distinct

pale area in the base of cell Is¢ A, lacking in the type-

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. S

34 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

female; base of the wing before the arculus orange-yellow ;

veins dark brown. Cells of the wing beyond the cord with

strong macrotrichia; in the centre of cell Cu these macro-

trichia continue basad almost to the level of the origin of

Rs. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite 7, Sc, far from

the tip of Sc,, located near the inner margin of the white

band; 7 on R, just beyond its origin ; cell 1st M, moderately

broad, the basal deflection of Cu, inserted at from one-third

to one-fourth its length.

Abdomen with the six basal segments orange, the remainder

of the abdomen deep black.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mt. Mlanje, January 4, 1913 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Eutomological Research Committee, 1913.

236. f

All topotype, 9, January 23, 1913. Presented by the

Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This exquisite fly is readily told from G. elegans (Wiede-

mann) by the apically pubescent wings and the very different

coloration of the body and wings,

Gnophomyia perelegans, sp. n.

Head black, light grey-pruinose; thorax and abdomen

metallic greenish blue; halteres brownish black, the knobs

conspicuously pale yellow ; legs black; wings dark brownish

black with two broad whitish transverse bands; distal cells

of the wing pubescent.

Female.—Length about 9-5 mm.; wing 8°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne black,

somewhat longer than in the corresponding sex of G. per-

amena. Head broad, black, light grey-pruinose.

Entire thorax metallic greenish blue, the postnotum and

pleura sparsely grey-pruinose, Halteres dark brownish black,

the knobs conspicuously pale yellow. Legs with the cox

blue-black, sparsely pruinose ; remainder of the legs black.

Wings dark brownish black, with two large whitish cross-

bands, the first lying just before the level of the origin of Rs,

extending from vein R through cells R, M, Cu, across the

base of lst A into cell 2nd A, but not reaching the wing-

margin ; the second band is larger, lying just before the cord,

extending across cells lst Ri, R, M, and Cu, narrowly inter-

rupted along vein Cu in the latter cell; ves brownish black.

Macrotrichia almost as in G. peramena, but traversing the

outer white band in cell Cu. Venation: Se slightly shorter

than in G. peramena, Sc, ending just before the tork of R2,3 ;

in the British Museum. 35

ron J, a little less than its own length beyond the fork of

f,,3; basal deflection of Cu, inserted a short distance before

mid-length of the small, nearly pentagonal, cell lst Mb».

Abdomen metallic greenish blue. Valves of the ovipositor

black, a little paler at the extreme tips.

Hab, Nyasaland.

Holotype, ? , Mt. Mlanje, December 28, 1912 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915.58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Gnophomyia perelegans is very closely allied to G. peramena,

despite the striking differences in the coloration of the b dy

and legs. In both species the hind legs are conspicuously

longer than the others and the femora are slightly incrassated.

Genus Gonomyia, Meigen.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) nyase, sp. u.

Antenne black, the scapal segments paler; mesonotum

pale brown, the scutellum broadly margined with white;

pleura striped longitudinally brown and white; halteres

yellow, the base of the knobs brown; legs pale brown;

wings faintly greyish, stigma indistinct ; cell /2, very small,

basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M; abdominal

tergites uniformly dark brown; male hypopygium with both

pleural appendages simple.

Male.—Length 3-4 mm.; wing 3°6 mm.

Rostrum dark brown; palpi black. Antenne with the

enlarged scapal segments pale yellowish brown; flagellum

black with exceedingly elongate verticils. Head badly

wrinkled in the unique type, pale brownish yellow, the

vertex indistinctly darker medially.

Mesonotal pzscutum pale brown, the extreme lateral

margins yellowish white; scutum similar; scutellum pale

brown, the caudal margins broadly white ; postnotum dark

brown, the sides more yellowish. Pleura dark brown, longi-

tudinally striped with whitish, the dorsal stripe formed by

the lateral margins of the mesonotal preescutum as described

above, the ventral stripe lying across the base of the meso-

sternum. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs brown with ouly

the tips yellow. Legs with the cox and trochanters pale

brown; remainder of the legs pale brown, the distal tarsal

segments dark brown; a few stiff sete at the tips of the

femora. Wings with a faint grey tinge ; stigma indistinct ;

veins pale brown. Venation: Sc short, Sc, ending a shoit

distance before the origin of 2s; vein &,,; in aligument with

As aud wuch longer than it; cell 2, very tiny, vein /, being

o*

v

36 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

less than one-half of r-m; inner ends of cells 3, R;, and

1st M, in alignment ; basal deflection of Cu, just before the

fork of J/, the fusion about equal to FR).

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternite more yellowish

brown. Male hypopygium with two pleural appendages, the

outer appendage slender, much longer than the inner appen-

dage, the tip broken in the unique type. Inner pleural

appendage rather small, broad at the base, rapidly narrowed

to the subacute, heavily blackened tip, the face with numerous

setigerous punctures that bear stout sete. Gonapophyses

and penis-guard forming a large, pale, central organ of

which the only heavily chitinized elements appear as two

divergent, laterally directed horns.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3 , Mt. Mlanje, November 8, 1918 (S. A. Neave).

B.M. no. 1914. 498.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Gonomyia nyase is very similar to G. sulphurelloides,

Alexander (Natal to Nyasaland), from which it is readily

told by the very different male hypopygium, in G. sulphu-

relluides the inner pleural appendage terminating in three

points instead of being simple as in the present species.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) noctabunda, sp. n.

Antenne dark brown, the scape paler ; pleura dark brown

with a narrow, white, longitudinal stripe ; femora yellowish

brown with a narrow brown ring before the tips ; wings

nearly hyaline; veins dark brown, C, Sc, and #& more

yellowish; abdomen blackish, the segments narrowly

margined caudally and laterally with pale yellowish white.

Male.—Length 28-3 mm.; wing 3°3 mm.

Female.—Length 3°8-4 mm. ; wing 3°5-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the scapal segments a little paler, slightly enlarged. Head

light orange-brown.

Mesonotal prescutum light hrown, the lateral margins

narrowly pale yellowish; remainder of mesonotum pale

brown, light grey-pruinose, the scutellum margined caudally

with pale whitish. Pleura dark brown with a conspicuous,

narrow, white, longitudinal stripe; mesosternum dark brown.

Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the cox

yellow, the basal half of the outer face brown ; trochanters

dull yellow ; femora pale yellowish brown with a narrow

dark brown ring just before the tip; tibiz pale brown, the

tips dark brown ; tarsi dark brown. Wings nearly hyaline,

the veins dark brown, conspicuous; C, “Se, and #& more

in the British Museum. 37

yellowish; stigma indistinct. Venation: Sc ending before

the origin of Fs, Sc. narrowly seamed with brown, removed

a short distance from the tip of Sc,, the distance between

the tip of Sc, and the origin of /s about equal to one-half

the latter; As stongly angulated at origin, shorter than

Ft,,3; cell Ry moderately large for a member of this group,

vein , slightly oblique; cell ls¢ M, usually closed, rarely

open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M,;; basal

deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the fusion of these

two veins about to 7-m or a little shorter. In the paratype,

fs is square at its origin and strongly spurred and Sc, ends

almost opposite this origin ; in all other characters the two

specimens agree sufficiently well and until male specimens

are found the insects cannot be further separated.

Abdomen blackish, the segments narrowly margined

caudally and laterally with pale yellowish white, more

distinetiy on the tergites; genital segment of the female

orange-yellow; ovipositor with the valves horn-coloured,

acute. Male hypopygium with the pleurites moderately

slender, bearing two pleural appendages of very unequal

length; outer appendage unarmed, long and slender, of

nearly uniform width beyond the base, the apex obtuse, the

basal third pale, the apex blackened ; inner pleural appen-

dage small, suboval, the apex with numerous setigerous

tubercles. Gonapophyses long and slender, tapering gradu-

ally to the acute blackened tips; just before the apex with

a broad setigerous area. Penis-guard pale, broad basally,

narrowed to the decurved tip.

Hab. Transvaal to British East Africa.

Holotype, 8, “Lot 30, De Kaap Block B,’ near Kaap-

muiden, Hastern Transvaal, October 11, 1919 (H. K. Munro).

Allotype, 9, Parklands. at Nairobi, British East Africa,

April 26, 1911 (J. G. Anderson). Presented by the Entomo-

logical Research Committee, 1913. 394.

Paratopotype, a broken g, October 10, 1919; paratype,

?, Camp, Upper Shire, Nyasaland, September 28, 1911

(Dr. J. B. Davey); in dining hut, at night. Paratype

presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the writer; allotype in the

collection of the British Museum (Natural History).

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) sobrina, sp. 0.

General coloration dark brown; thoracic pleura dark

brown with a narrow, whitish, longitudinal stripe ; coxee and

trochanters light yellow; wings pale greyish; sparsely

spotted with brown, the costa variegated with brown and

38 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

yellow; abdominal tergites black, narrowly ringed caudally

with white.

Female.—Length 4:4 mm.; wing 4°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the scapal segments and first flagellar segment a little paler ;

flagellar verticils not greatly elongated (in the female).

Head pale yellowish, the centre of the vertex brown.

Mesonotum dark brown, the anterior margin of the pree-

scutum a little paler; scutal lobes adjoining the wing-roots

pale; posterior half of the scutellum pale. Pleura dark

brown with a narrow, white, longitudinal stripe extending

backward from the fore coxe. Mesosternum dark brown.

Halteres yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters light yellow, contrasting with the dark colour of

the body; remainder of the legs broken. Wings with a

smoky tinge, sparsely marked with darker as follows : a spot

at arculus; a spot at the origin of As; stigma rectangular,

continued backward as a narrow seam along the cord ; outer

end of cell lst M, seamed with pale brown ; a brown seam

on /?,; a spot at the tip of #3; the basal cells of the wing

immediately beyond the arculus, cell /?; before and beyond

the stigma, cell /?, and the tips of cells R,, R;, My, and 2ud

M, paler than the rest of the wing ; veins dark brown ; costa

dull whitish, variegated with brown at /s, stigma, and tips

of veins R, and /t,. Venation: Se moderately elongated,

Se, ending about opposite the origin of Rs; Rs and /,,3

nearly equal ; /, short, straight, almost perpendicular to the

end of vein /,,3; cells 3; and #; with their inner ends in

oblique alignment ; cell Ist M, closed ; basal deflection of

Cu, a short distance before the fork of M—this distance less

than one-half of Rg,

Abdomen black, the tergites narrowly ringed caudally

with whitish ; sternites similar, but the pale caudal margiis

less distinct. Valves of the ovipositor acute, the tergal

valves much longer than the sternal valves, their tips gently

upeurved.

Hah. Northern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2, llorm, July 16, 1912 (Dr. J. W. Sctit-

Macfie).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) venustipes, sp. 0.

Antenne yellow; mesonotal przscutum whitish, rich

cinnamon-brown sublaterally, the white lateral triangles

delimited by dark brown; scutellum white, the caudal

in the British Museum. 39

margin narrowly dark brown ; legs spotted with black and

yellow; wings pale yellowish subhyaline, with small dark

brown dots and spots; Se long, cell lst Mz, very long and

narrow.

Female——Length 4-1 mm.; wing 4°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne with the first

segment pale brown, the remaider of the antennz very pale

yellow. Head pale brown, sparsely grey-pruinose.

Pronotum large and conspicuous, pale whitish. Mesonotal

prescutum with the broad central area whitish, this median

stripe narrowed before the suture to assume the form of an

hour-glass, at its narrowest point connected across by a

delicate brown line; sublateral regions cinnamon-brown ;

the triangular lateral regions are conspicuously white,

narrowly margined with dark brown, the anterior margin,

at the pseudosutural foveze, very distinct ; scutum whitish,

only the margins of the lobes more infuscated ; scutellum

white with two basal spots and the caudal margin narrowly

dark brown ; postnotum pale brownish yellow, brown late-

rally and less distinctly in the middle. The pattern of the

pleura is not clearly evident in the two specimens at hand, as

the pins penetrate this region and are badly verdigrised ;

the region is pale with a large pale brown area beneath the

wing-root and possibly a dark ventral stripe; at least the

mesopleura is heavily white-pruinose. Halteres pale, the

knobs but little darker. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

pale; remainder of the legs broken (see footnote). Wings

pale yellowish subhyline with numerous small brown spots

and dots, arranged as follows: the largest at the arculus,

smaller ones at the origin of Rs and Sc,; at the tip of Se, ;

at the tip of Aj ; seams along the cord, outer end of cell ls¢

M,, and vein R, ; distinct spots at the tips of all the longi-

tudinal veins, largest at 2md A; veius pale, brown in the

darkened areas. Venation: Sc long, Sc, extending to about

one-half the length of Rs, Sc, a little beyond the origin of

Rs; , ending opposite the fork of Rs, R,,; about two-

thirds as long as Rs; R, perpendicular to the end of Ry,3 ;

vein R, about equal to R,,3; inner end of cell Ist A/, tar

proximad of the inner ends of cells R; and R;; cell lst M,

long and narrow, longer than any of the veins issuing from

it; basal deflection of Cu, at from one-fourth to one-filth

the length of this long cell Ist M,. In one specimen Rs is

slightly spurred at its origin.

Abdomen varying from pale yellowish to dark brown, the

genital segment orauge-brown, Ovipositor with the valves

powerful, long, aud slender, the tergal valves strongly

upeurved.

40 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, 2, Kamba, November 16, 1913, 8 p.m. (Dr. J. Y.

Wood).

Paratopotype, ° .

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915.58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The following note by Mr. Edwards accompanies the

specimens: “When these specimens were first shown me

they had legs beautifully spotted with black and yellow ;

these were broken off and lost by the attendant who mounted

them.”

It is very possible that this curious fly is not a true

member of the genus, but as it is here that it will run by the

keys it is retained in this genus until further material is

available. Certain features of the bead and thorax suggest

the isolated genus Styringomyia.

Genus Trentepoutia, Bigot.

Subgenus Monegoma, Westwood.

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) madagascariensis, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown; mesonotal przscutum

dull yellow with three dark brown stripes ; legs brown, the

tips of the femora and tibiz narrowly creamy white ; wings

pale brownish, heavily marked with dark brown; basal

abdominal segments annulated brown and yellow.

Maie.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 10°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish yellow. Antenne rather

elongate, dark brown throughout, the last segment about

twice the length of the penultimate. Head dark brown.

Mesonotal preescutum dull yellow, clearest laterally, with

three dark brown stripes, the median stripe ending before

the suture; scutum yellow, the lobes dark brown ; scutellum

and postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown. Halteres

pale yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe

shiny dark brown; trochanters dull yellow; femora light

brown, palest basally, passing into dark brown before the

narrow (1°38 mm.) creamy-white tips; tibize dark brown with

only the extreme bases and the moderately broad tips (2 mm.)

pale; tarsi pale brown; fore femora with a row of small

erect hairs on the inner face, two of these being more

powerful than the others ; on the posterior femora there are

six or seven such spinous bristles ; metatarsi with a few long

hairs near the base. Wings with a pale brown suffusion,

an the British Museum. 41

heavily marked with dark blotches; costal and subcostal

cells more yellowish ; the brown markings are arranged as

follows: at the origin and fork of Rs; at the tip of A, and

along 7; at the origin and tip of R,; along the cord and

outer end of cell lst M,; the cells in the radial field are

paler, the wing-apex a little darker; veins dark brown, C,

Sc, and R paler. Venation: r obligne, inserted on ae

about two-thirds of its length before the fork of the latter ;

R, about one-half longer ‘than r ; cell lst M, is apparently

open by the atrophy of m; cell R; about as long as its

petiole ; Jz; strongly arcuated or angulated at the point of

its departure from Cu, cell M; being much longer than its

petiole ; Cu, fused with M slightly before the fork of the

latter ; apical fusion of Cu, and Ist A very slight.

First abdominal tergite dull yellow; remaining segments

dark brown, the posterior margins of the basal three or four

segments conspicuously dull yellow.

Hab. Madagascar.

Holotype, 3. Tamatave, 1906 (A. Sauzier). B.M. 1906.

291.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Trentepohlia madagascariensis is readily told from all

other regional species of the subgenus by the heavily spotted

wings.

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) metatarsatra, sp. n.

General coloration pale yellow; mesonotal prascutum

without stripes ; femora pale brown, the tips narrowly white ;

tibize white with a moderately broad brown ring beyond the

base; metatarsi black, the remainder of the tarsi pale brown ;

wings pale greyish yellow; veins pale brown.

Sex ?—Wing 7°8 mm.

The unique type is unfortunately in very poor condition,

yet the well-marked diagnostic characters are entirely suffi-

cient to enable the species to be recognized. The head and

most of the abdomen are lacking.

Mesothorax shiny light reddish yellow without darker

markings; scutellum and postnotum but slightly darker.

Pleura light yellow. Halteres palethroughout. Of the legs,

only a single one of the anterior pair remains, the coxe and

trochanters are light yellow, the distal margin of the latter

blackened and produced into an acute tooth ; femora very

pale brown, passing into white (about 1°5 mm.) at the tips ;

tibize with the extreme base (about 1 mm.) pale, followed by

an indistinct brown ring (about 4°5 mm.), the tips broadly

white (about 7°3 mm.) ; metatarsi black, paling into brown

42 Dr. C. P. Alexander on A/rican Crane-jlies

at the tips ; remainder of the tarsi pale brown; fore femora

with two or three scattered erect bristles; on the distal half

of the femora pairs of small erect bristles, including two at

the tip on the outer face. Wings with a pale greyish-yellow

tinge; stigma pale yellow; veins pale brownish yellow.

Venation: r inserted on R,,; about one-third its own

length before the fork of the latter; cell lst My, closed,

m inserted between M,,, and M3.

Abdomen pale brownish yellow (terminal segments

broken).

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, sex ?, Oshogbo (Dr. T. F. G. Mayer).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) albilatissima, sp. n.

Sex ?—Wing 10 mm.

Closest to T. albilata, Alexander (Cameroun), differing as

follows: mouth-parts, excepting the distal palpal segments,

light yellow. Antenne with the two basal segments light

yellow, the first flagellar segment dark brown; remainder of

the antennz broken. Head light fawn-brown.

Mesonotal prescutum shiny reddish, without stripes.

Pleura shiny reddish yellow. Legs with the tibiz largely

white, the brown postbasal band (2°5 mm.) a little shorter

than the pale base (3°1 mm.), the latter somewhat more

extensive than the pale femoral tip (2 mm.); the tibial tips

very broadly (10°8 mm.) white, this occupying nearly the

distal two-thirds of the tibia; tarsi white ; the hind legs are

quite similar, but the white apices are even broader (13 mm.),

the entire tibia measuring 18°6 mm. Wings greyish sub-

hyaline, the tips indistinctly darkened. Venation: r inserted

on R,,3 nearly its own length before the fork of the latter ;

m at the fork of Ry,; and J/;,,; basal deflection of Cu, just

befork the fork of M.

Abdomen broken.

Hab. Gold Coast.

Holotype, sex ?, Aburi, 1912-1913 (W. H. Patterson).

Type im the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The very narrow brown tibial ring will readily distinguish

this fly from its near relative, 7. (M.) albilata.

an the British Museum. 43

Subgenus ParamMonaoma, Brunetti.

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) nigeriensis, sp. 0.

General coloration uniform pale brown, the pleura more

yellowish; legs pale brown, the distal tarsal segments whitish ;

wings pale greyish subhyaline ; 7 far before the fork of R,,3.

Female.—Length about 4°5 mm. ; wing 4°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown.

Head brown.

Mesonotum uniformly pale brown, the pleura more

yellowish. Halteres brown. Legs with the cox and tro-

chanters brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs pale brown,

on the distal tarsal segments passing into dull whitish.

Wings pale greyish subhyaline; veins brown. Venation:

Sc moderately long, the space on costa between Sc, and R,

a little more than half the length of r; 7 on R,,3 about two-

thirds its length before the fork of the latter; R, a little

longer thanr; cell lst M, closed ; basal deflection of Cy,

before the fork of M, the fusion of Cw, and M about equal

to m; cell Cu widely open, the space along the Wing-margin

about equal to vein Cu, alone.

Abdomen dark brown, the genital segment and valves of

the ovipositor more yellowish, the tergal valves very strongly

upceurved.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2, Akassa, May 5, 1910 (Dr. J. J. Simpson).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1910. 222.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This new species may be told from the related T. ramisiana,

Riedel (British East Africa), by the position of the radial

cross-vein and other venational details.

Subgenus TRENTEPOHLIA, Bigot.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) inflata, sp. n.

Antennal scape dark brown, the flagellum paie brownish

yellow ; mesonotal prescutum reddish brown with three

darker brown stripes; wings comparatively narrow, with the

costal margin near the origin of As conspicuously dilated ;

cell R, small, nearly triangular; brown wing-pattern

extensive.

Female.—Length about 4°8 mm. ; wing 4°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown, Antennal scape dark

44 On African Crane-flies in the British Museum.

brown, the flagellum pale brownish yellow, the distal

segments a little darker. Head dark brown.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prascutum reddish

brown, darker medially and with three darker brown stripes ;

scutum with the lobes dark brown, the median area paler;

scutellum projecting, dark brown ; postnotum dark. Pleura

indistinctly striped longitudinally with whitish on a dark

brown background, the pale stripe lying just above the bases

of the cox. Halteres brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs

with the coxe larger than is usual in this genus, dark brown,

the tips paler; trochanters dark brown; remainder of the

legs broken, Wings rather long and narrow, the costal

region just beyond the origin of Rs curiously dilated, this

enlargement ending opposite Sc,;; wings pale, subhyaline,

the wing-base infuscated, continued as a cloud along vein Cu

to its fork ; a very large brown area occupies the region of

the costal dilation, including almost all of cell lst R,,

excepting only a small rounded hyaline spot beneath Sc, and

the extreme tip of the cell; this band also traverses cell

to vein M and continues along the cord to the wing-margin,

connected broadly across vein A,,; plus M,,, with the outer

blotch which appears as a broad seam along vein A, that is

continued across cell R; and the fork of R,,; plus M,,,;

the outer end of cell R, and vein &, are narrowly seamed

with brown ; veins yellow, dark brown in the darkened areas.

Venation : 7 is almost in alignment with /, and the outer

section of R.,3, this latter being very long, about twice as

long as R, or the basal section of /,,3;; A, is almost straight

and subperpendicular to the end of /t,,3, giving to cell A,

a triangular appearance.

Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments, especially the ©

sternites, indistinctly ringed with obscure yellow, this colour

embracing both the basal and caudal margins of the

segments. Ovipositor normal for this subgenus, the valves

reddish horn-coloured.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, ? , Yaba, Lagos, April 8, 1910 (Dr. J. J. Simpson).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1910. 222.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This very small Trentepohlia is remarkable in the costal

dilation of the wings. It will be interesting to learn to what

extent this character is developed in the male.

[Te be continued. ]

On new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 45

II.—Some new Species of Cyprinoid Fish from Mysore.

By C. R. Narayan Rao, M.A., University of Mysore,

Bangalore.

(Plates I. & II]

Tue material described in this paper was collected from the

Cauvery in Seringapatam, the Thunga in Shimoga, and

from the local tanks, chiefly durmg the summer recess of

1917-18. In the course of a visit paid to the northern

and south-western parts of Coorg in the colder months of

the latter year, a very large number of examples was

procured from several interesting sources. Through the

courtesy of Dr. N. Annandale, to whom my thanks are due,

I was enabled to examine the collections, at present avail-

able, of Garra, Botia, and Nemachilichthys belonging to the

Zoological Survey of India in the Indian Museum. ‘To

that distinguished ichthyologist, Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri, I am

deeply indebted for the numerous acts of help, which I have

received from him.

Before proceeding to describe my examples, which belong

to the three genera Garra, Botia, and Nemachilichthys, I

propose to add a brief discussion regarding the use of the

term Garra in preference to Discognathus. In his pre-

liminary publication on ‘The Genera of Fishes’ *, Jordan

proposes the revival of the old (generic) name of Garrat,

originally applied by Hamilton Buchanan to that group of

Cyprinine Fishes still included by some authors under

Hiickle’s denomination of Discognathus. On resumption

of its labours, the International Congress of Zoology is

bound to discuss the whole question of ichthyological

taxonomy, and it is more than probable that Jordan’s

recommendations, which are based on recent use by nume-

rous writers, will be upheld. In view of the vicissitudes to

which the generic and specific terms are frequently subjected

by systematic writers, it is very desirable that some sort

of stability be secured for the zoological nomenclature, as

otherwise there is bound to Le a great deal of confusion to

the future investigators. There can be little doubt that

Hamilton Buchanan employed the term Cyprinus { in a

broad sense comprising a very large number of fish, though

* 1917. Jordan, ‘The Genera of Fishes’ (Stanford University, Cali-

fornia), p. 116.

+ 1822. Hamilton Buchanan, Fish. Ganges, pp. 343, 393,

} 1822. Jd. op. cit. p. 256.

46 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

with very little generic affinity ; and obviously, in any

modern systematic work on Fishes, his term Cyprinus

would correspond in regard to inter-relationships to the

subfamily Cyprinine* (family Cyprinide). It is also evi-

dent that this must have been his meaning, for he employs

“ Divisions”? within his “ genus” Cyprinus, and these

“ Divisions,” though not strictly defined, yet bring together

forms of fish which are nearly allied to each other and

whose common characteristics undoubtedly constitute the

basis of the ‘ Divisions.” The common name given by

Buchanan to each of these “ Divisions” is founded on some

vernacular appellatious; and the conclusion cannot be

resisted that Buchanan’s “ Divisions ” therefore correspond

to the “ genera” of modern systematic ichthyologists.

Accordingly, “ Cyprinus garra”’ t is only used by its

author as a generic designation for Garra itself, which in-

cludes a number of stone carps. This position is perfectly

tenable, and the species Cyprinus lamta ( Discognathus lamta),

which Buchanan describes as a Cyprinus of the Garra kind

with four tendrils, should be obviously written Garra

lamta, H. B.{. Giinther§ regards this term as “an odd

compound” without any claim to anything like an artificial

or natural genus, and he is opposed to Bleeker’s || adoption

of what he calls a barbarous denomination (Garra) in

preference to the more classical term Discognathus. Now,

it was inevitable that, with the literature available to

Buchanan 4, and having to deal with a quantity of material

under the circumstances in which he worked, he should

have proposed a scheme of classification which rather

appears, to later investigators more fortunately placed, to

suffer from certain defects of terminology. Neither this

fact nor the other one—viz., that Garra is not a latinised

term—will deprive Buchanan of the authorship of a valid

genus capable of being used for all scientific taxonomic

purposes. Besides Bleeker, who, in following Buchanan,

employed Garra as a generic term for the description of a

stone carp from Ceylon** (Garra ceylonensis, Blkr.), Day

* 1889, Day, Fauna Brit. Ind., Fishes, i. p. 238,

+ 1822. H. Buchanan, op. cit. p. 348.

${ 1919. Records Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. pt. i. p. 150 (Dr. Annandale

regards Day, and not Buchanan, as the author of damta).

§ 1868. Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fishes, vii. p. 68.

|| 1864. Bleeker. Mehn, Soc. Holland, Harlam, Cobit. & Cyprin. Ceylon,

p- 8.

€ 1918. Chaudhuri, Journ. & Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xiv. no. 6,

. exly.

4* 1864. Bleeker, op. cit. p. 8, and 1864. Zool. Rec. Pisces, p. 171.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 47

also adopted it far more widely for a similar purpose in

dealing with fish of the Garra kind mainly from the

Malabar area of the Peninsular India. Garra malabarica%,

Day, Garra alta t, Day, and Garra jerdoni {, Day, are some

of his examples. Bleeker and Day are not, however, the

only authors who recognised the genus Garra, for Stein-

dachner § among the Germans had also employed it,

regarding /amta as its type-species. Another species of

Garra, also referred to by this author, is Garra gotyla, Gray ||.

Aniong the more recent writers on the subject, we find

Fowler (G. borneensis) §] and Berg (G. persica) ** recognising

the valid term Garra of Buchanan, though there are a few

who still try to revive the obsolete name of Discognathus +t.

Platycara t{, Gonorhynchus §§. and Mayoa |\\| have been also

employed as generic terms by certain systematists, and some,

at any rate, are now treated practically as synonymous

with Discognathus. McClelland simply regarded that his

Platycara is syuonymous with Gray’s Balitora§. The

eligibility of the generic term Gonorhynchus, which was

introduced by Scopoli into the Linnean nomenclature, is,

however, disputed as not conforming to the Linnean Code,

since no type was indicated by Scopoli while introducing

the generic title into the binomial terminology. Still

Jerdon freely used this generic term in his description of

certain Cyprinine fish from S. India, such as Gonorhynchus

mcClellandi, Jer., Gon. gotyla, Jer., and Gon. stenorhynchus,

Jer.***, Of the three generic terms Gonorhynchus (1763),

Garra (1822), and Platycara (1838), Giinther (1868) rejects

the first and treats the latter two denominations as synony-

mous with Discognathus (1843). Mayoa (1869), being of

later date, is not referred to by him. As Dr. Annandale

informs me, it is possible that on the basis of anatomical

characters two distinct genera may have ultimately to be

recognised, and in that case the more appropriate generic

* 1865. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 297, and 1865. Fishes, Malabar, p. 205.

+ 1867. Id. tom. cit. p. 349.

{¢ 1867. Id. loc. cit.

§ 1867. F. Steindachner, SB. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lvi. i. p. 36.

|| 1867. Id. loc. cit.

4} 1905. Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol. lviii. p. 482.

** 1913. Berg, Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersburg, vol. xviii. p. 1xi.

tt 1914. Regan (Discognathus wane), Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xii,

p- 263, fig. A.

J} 1838. McClelland, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii. no, 6, p. 944.

§§ 1768. Gronow Zoophylaceum.

||| 1869. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 553.

§|4| 1838. McClelland, tom. cit. p. 947.

*** 1849, T. C, Jerdon, Madras Journ, Lit. Sci. no. 55, pp. 809-10,

48 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

name will be Garra for the species occurring in Baluchistan,

India, Burma, Malayan Peninsula, and perhaps Borneo,

while Discognathus, if it is established to be generically

distinct from Garra, may be confined to species met with

in N.E. Africa, Arabia, Asia Minor, and Persia. In settling

all questions relating to terminology, the law of priority

has been relied upon usually as a safe guiding principle, and,

if any valid generic term conforms to the Linnean Code,

there is no sufficient reason why it should be suppressed or

the law of priority itself ignored. If the matter of accep-

tance or rejection of any term should, however, become

purely arbitrary, then, as Jordan states, there can be no

finality in such a case. There is therefore every justifi-

cation for the general adoption of Buchanan’s generic

designation of Garra, which, as has been pointed out already,

has been used as such by Bleeker, Steindachner, Day,

Fowler, and Berg more prominently. I also agree with

Jordan that lamta* is the type of the genus Garra, since

it has been regarded by Buchanan as the representative

species for his “ Division Cyprinus garra,” and also being

the first species described by him under this genus. I

accordingly use the term Garra in the place of Discognathus,

which I think is the correct procedure, at least so far as one

has to deal with forms occurring within the Indian Empire,

Ceylon, and Malayan Peninsula.

Buchanan’s description of his Division Cyprinus garra is

too brief and bald to be of any definitive value, and, having

examined the somewhat rich material t in the Indian

Museum, collected from various localities, and my own

examples taken in equaily interesting sources, I consider

that the generic definition of Garra (Discognathus, part.),

given by Giinther and Day, requires revision—at least, in

certain particulars. I proceed to append the following

diagnosis, which I must state is applicable strictly to forms

occurring within the limits prescribed above :—

Subfamily Crerrvrvz.

Genus Garra, Hamilton Buchanan (1822).

1763. Gonorhynchus, Gronow (rejected).

18388. Platycara, McClelland.

1843. Discoynathus (part.), Hackel.

1864. Discognathus et Lissorhynchus, Bleeker.

1869. Mayoa, Day.

* 1917. Jordan, op. cit. p. 115, & 1868. Gunther, tom. ert. p. 68.

+1918. Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xiv. p. 45. Ifthe specimens of

Discognathus, belonging to the collection of the Indian Museum now

held up in Budapest, were also available, our position in regard to

several species would have been certainly very much clearer.

/

new Oyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 49

Stone carps with a cylindrical or subcylindrical body,

covered by scales either moderate or large *. Head never

large, snout rounded, bearing mucous pores or spiny

tubercles, chiefly in adult males, with or without a pro-

tuberance between or outside each nostriit+. Mouth ventral

crescentic with both lips well developed, the upper usually

fringed and the lower invariably developed into a powerful

adhesive disk {; barbels short, usually four, sometimes

only two or absent §. Pharyngeal teeth uncinate, in three

closely approximate rows—2, 4, 5/5, 4, 2 or 5, 3, 1/1, 3, 5.

Dorsal fin without osseous ray, upper margin slightly

emarginate or deeply notched, commencing in front of the

ventrals. Pectorals always horizontal, rarely exceeding the

length of the head. Anal scales not generally differentiated.

Distribution.—Fresh-water forms inhabiting tanks, rivers,

and hill-streams throughout the Indian Empire, Ceylon,

Malayan Peninsula, and Borneo.

Synopsis of species of Garra collected up till now in the

Mysore State and Coorg (S. India) :—

Garra lamta, H. B.

Garra jerdonia, Day.

Garra stenorhynchia, Jerdon.

Garra jerdona brevimentalia, var. u., Rao.

Garra platycephala, sp. n., Rao,

Garra bicornuta, sp. n., Rao,

Boe ON

Systematic ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES.

1. Garra lamta, H. B.

1822. Cyprinus lamta, H. Buchanan, op. cit. pp. 343, 393.

1841. Chondrostoma mullya, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soe. il. p. 859.

1868. Discognathus lamta, Giinther, op. cit. p. 69.

1869. Mayoa modestus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 553,

1871. Discognathus modestus, Day, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, (2) xi.

p- 108.

1878. Discognathus lamta, Day, Fish. Ind. Text. vol. ii. p. 527.

* Garra borneana, Vaill., and_G. bicornuta, sp. n., Rao, have larger

scales than most Indian species.

t Two protuberances so far known only in G. bicornuta, Rao.

{ Feebly marked in G. adiscu, Annan, Rec. Ind. Mus. 1919, vol. xvi.

. 68. This is a very variable structure, whose degree of development

depends on the conditions amidst which the species lives.

§ G. imberbia, Vincig., from Burma, has no barbels (Ann. Mus.

Genova, 1889, (2) ix. (xxix.) p. 281); and G@. variabilia, Hiick., has

only two, perhaps occurring within the limits of the Indian [’mpire

(Journ. As, Soc. Bengal, (n. s.) ii. p. 8 (1906)).

Ann. & Mag. N. Fist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 4

50 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

1890. Snares lamta, Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) ix.

275-279.

1909. Discognathus lamta, Jenkins, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii. p. 290.

1913. Discognathus lamta, Annandale, Journ. & Proc. As. Soc. Bengal,

(n, 8.) ix. p. 36.

1919. Discognathus lamta, id. Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 181.

1919, Discognathus kangre, Prashad, Rec. Ind. Mus, vol. xvi. p. 163.

This is perhaps the commonest species of Garra in the

tanks and rivers of Mysore and Coorg, and also the one

which exhibits extremes of individual variability. The

mental disk, the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins, and eyes

are chiefly affected by the modifying influences like still

water or rapid torrents, shallow rock pools, or deep cavernous

pits in the beds of rivers. This circumstance, together

with the variability of scales and perhaps want of fresh or

well-preserved specimens from widely different localities,

must largely account for the differences of opinion regarding

lamta. Dr. Annandale* writes: “I give Day and not

Buchanan as the author of the former (D. lamta), because

it is impossible to be sure as to the species to which

Buchanan first applied the name Cyprinus lamta.” And

again he writes: ‘* But there is some doubt as to whether

Buchanan’s Cyprinus lamta was not rather the form called

D. modestus by Day and Platycara nasuta by McClelland” *.

There can be no doubt as to the indications which

Buchanan has left behind him in regard to what he meant

by damta. In his manuscript drawings there is figure of

lamta, though the name written by Buchanan, in his own

handwriting, is Cyprinus godiyari. In his notes on Bhagalpur

District, published in vol. xx. of the Statistical Account of

Bengal, he refers to this C. godiyari, and further in his

notes on Gorakpur District (p. 105) he mentions that

the C. godiyari of Bhagalpur is the same as C. lamta of

Gorakpur.

Accordingly, there can be no doubt whatsoever as to what

Buchanan’s C. lamta is, as described in his ‘ Fishes of the

Ganges’ (1822). It may be further stated that the MSS.

drawing referred to is the protograph +, and having com-

pared the descriptions of Buchanan and of Day, with the

help of the material in the Indian Museum and in my own

collection, I arrive at the conclusion that the lamta of Day

“js identical with the damta of Buchanan.

* 1919. Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. pp. 180, 131.

+ I am indebted to Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri for this information. In an

addendum to his paper “ On the Fish of the Genus Discognathus” (Ree.

Ind. Mus. vol. xviii. p. 77, 1919) Dr. Annandale briefly discusses the

same point, and acknowledges information to the same authority.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. d1

Further, Day’s lamta is considered to be the same as his

modestus by Jenkins *, with whom I entirely agree. Dr.

Annandale t+, however, regards the latter, possibly on the

basis of six anal fin-rays, as synonymous with McClelland’s

nasutus, thus agreeing with Giiuther in assigning it the

rank of a separate species in opposition to Day. In dis-

cussing the specific distinctions of nasutus, Dr. Annandale ¢

notices that a greatly enlarged adhesive organ (c), and the

simple and flattened outer pectoral rays (e), form exclusive

characters, and I may point out that several examples of

lamta obtained from the rapid streams, like the Harangi in

Coorg, show these very characters, which accordingly may be

disregarded. Then the other character—viz., six anal fii-

rays on which Day separates his lamta and jerdoni from

modestus—is uniformly common in several examples of

lamta, both in my collection and in that of the Indian

Museum, and I may state that this is also the experience of

Jenkins. The other specific characters mentioned by Day

for his modestus, as Jenkins has pointed out, also break

down when a very large number of examples of lamta from

widely different localities are examined, and, as 1am unable

at present to discover any sufficient ground for separating

Day’s modestus from his lamta, I have in this paper treated

the former as synonymous with Buchanan’s /amta. In the

absence of more material than is ayailable at present in the

Indian Museum, it is difficult to say whether nasutus is only

a local race of /amta or a new species.

1 rewrite the formula for Garra lamta of its fin-rays and

lateral transverse rows of scales thus :—

= 12-3 '.2/8-9).° P. 15. °V. 9: “A, 6-7 (1-2/5).

ot7-19, L. 1, 30-87. L. tr. 4-44/34—-44.

(1) Specimens with spine-covered mucous glands on the

snout are not peculiar to the Salt Range in the Punjab or

the Chumba District §; they commonly occur in Mysore

and Coorg.

(2) The oceurrence of a spiny protuberance is a purely

secondary sexual character.

(3) A greatly enlarged mental disk and an expansive

pectoral fin, with a larger number of simple rays, are

associated with forms occurring in the rapid streams.

* 1909. Jenkins, op. cit. p. 292.

+ 1919, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 152.

$1919, Id. op. cit. p. 135. ;

§ Day, Fishes—Fauna, Brit. Ind. vol. i, p. 246,

52 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

(4) Younger specimens possess an interesting scheme of

coloration, in which the orange is confined to the fins more

often than not*.

The description of D. kangret suffers from certain

defects—for example, the number of caudal fin-rays is not

indicated, and it is not clear whether or not the length of

the caudal fin is included in the total length of the body.

The dorsal profile behind the dorsal fin is described as

being slightly concave aud the upper lip as being fairly

broad. ‘These descriptions do not conform to the proto-

graph. I have examined the type and syntypes of this

species in the Indian Museum, and find that the lateral and

transverse series of scales—viz., 35 and 4/34 respectively—

are correctly represented in the text-figure, and not 54 and

4/5 as stated in the description. The caudal fin-rays are

19. The reasons for considering kangre as a separate

species by its author are—(1) the proportions of the different

parts of the body, (2) the shape and size of mental disk,

(3) the situation of the eye, and (4) the shape of the tail

and dorsal fin. As I have already stated that characters

2 and 4 are very variable among /amta, it would be

risky to consider them to be of specific importance. ‘The

measurements of kangre I have taken are as follows

(measurements in hundredths of total length without caudal

fin) :—

kangre. lamta,

mm. mim.

Total length without caudal fin .... 95 95

Depth of ody. cs cee eee 22°1 22°6

Depth of caudal peduncle.......... 12°6 12°7

Depth of head at occiput .......... 18-9 19-1

Length ‘of hhead., 0.22 ....0). 2s vee ieee 24:1 23°6

Width of interorbital Bpace 25: «eee 16-7 16:9

enethwor snout. Fieete Seen 13°6 13°0

Diameter of orbit ...........00... 4:2 4:2

Length of caudal peduncle ........ 17°8 17°9

It will be seen from the above measurements of the two

species (1 have taken a well-preserved /amta of the same

size for comparison) that the only real pomt of difference

between damta and kangre@ is the relative length of head,

which, I consider, is too insufficient a basis for founding a

new species upon. ‘Till more material is forthcoming, when

* Vide description of Garra malabarica, Day, ‘Fishes of Malabar,’

p. 206, pl. xv. fig. 1. This is the usual coloration of younger forms of

G. lamta, which fades in the preserving fluids.

i 1919. Prashad, op. cit. text-figs. p. 164.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 53

kangre may perhaps be considered as a variety of lamta, I

propose to treat kangre as synonymous with lamta. It is

needless to observe that the other differences in the measure-

ments must be due to conditions of preservation, food, and

maturity of the specimens. The formula of aoe and scales

for kangre is almost the same as for lamta *

2. Garra jerdonia, Day.

1878. Discognathus jerdon’, Day, Fish Ind. Text. ii. p. 528.

1909. Discognathus jerdoni, Jenkins, Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. iii. p. 291,

1919. Discognathus jerdoni, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi.

p. 132.

1919, Discognathus jerdoni, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvii. p.73,

pl. ix. figs. 1, 2, and pl. xi. fig. 3.

My specimens of jerdonia have been taken chiefly in the

rapidly running waters of the Cauvery, both in the Mysore

State and Coorg. Having examined a fairly large collec-

tion of this species, I think it is impossible to maintain with

Giinther that it is identical with Jamta. As Dr. Annandale

proposes to discuss this and the following species in his

forthcoming paper, I content myself here with recording

their occurrence in Mysore, hoping for a future opportunity

for offering such remarks on them as may be called for,

3. Garra stenorhynchia, Jerdon.

1849. Gonorhynchus stenorhynchus, Jerdon, Mad. Journ. Lit. Sci.

p. 310.

1919. Discognathus stenorhynchus, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvii.

pl. ix. fig. 3, pl. xi. fig. 4.

Jerdon’s account of this species, obtained in the Bhavani

River (foot of the Nilgiri Hills) and the streams of Malabar,

is absolutely brief. My specimens, which were obtained

from the rocky pools in the Cauvery (Seringapatam), show

a relatively larger internasal protuberance studded with

spiny mucous pores, the upper Jip thick and suctorial, the

upper surface of the head proportionately much broader, and

a greatly enlarged mental disk.

* T have, since writing the above, noticed that kangre, Prashad, is

regarded by Dr. Annandale (1919, op. cit. p. 74) as a subspecies of jerdont.

“This form seems to be no more than a local race of D. Jerdont, Day,

distinguished by its longer head and smaller eye.” I consider, for the

reasons given above, that it is more correct to treat it as a subspecies of

lamta.

54 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

4. Garra jerdoma brevimentalia, var. 1.

(Piva desl, 1 a,.1 0.)

I propose to describe this variety in detail, and later

briefly indicate the points of difference between it and the

foregoing species, G. jerdonia, Day.

D. 11 (2/9).) Bilea03. Wea'0, “A. 8(1)7), veo ig sien

L. 1.82. “LL. tr. 6-52/23-4*,

The body is cylindrical, the ventral surface rather broad,

compressed behind the vent. The dorsal profile in front of

the dorsal fin is distinctly convex and, behind it, gently

slopes towards the caudal fin. The ventral profile in front

of the ventral fin is equally convex. The height of the body

in front of the dorsal fin is contained slightly more than

32 times in the total length without the caudal fin, and the

depth of the caudal peduncle at its narrowest part is less

than 72? in the total length. The head is small compara-

tively, and its length is contained nearly 44 times in the

total length, and the depth at the occiput is exactly 54 times

in the total length. ‘The upper profile of the head gently

slopes down to tip of snout. The eyes, placed in the middle

of the head, are small, whose diameter is three in the inter-

orbital distance, which is broader than the length of snout.

The interorbital space is convex or slightly flat. The snout

is obtuse, very faintly grooved between the nostrils, covered

with open mucous pores, which are rather small. The

upper lip is large and fringed, the mental disk is sub-

triangular, the labial fold being nearly as wide as the

cartilaginous pad. Both folds are granular. The anterior

barbels equal the posterior ones, or are only slightly longer.

The chest nearly free from scales+. A very large obtuse

angle is formed by the opercular folds with the mental disk.

The length of the pectoral fin equals the distance between

its anterior root and tip of snout, which also equals the

longest dorsal fin-ray. The longest anal and ventral fin-rays

nearly equal. The caudal peduncle merges insensibly into

the root of the caudal fin, which is lobed. The upper lobe

nearly always longer than the ventral lobe. The colora-

tion is variable. Uniform reddish all over, with the lower

surface of snout and mental disk redder, or uniform olive-

green, somewhat clouded darker on the back. A dark

* 41 shown in the protograph is incorrect.

+ 1915. Annandale, Journ. Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. ix. no. 1, p. 37.

This condition is certainly different from the undescribed Manipur

form referred to by Dr. Annandale.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 55

pectoral spot. Sides in the green forms are bright yellow,

fading into paler yellow on ‘the ventral surface. A dark

streak along the middle of the caudal fin and the outer

margin of the pectoral and anterior margin of the dorsal

fins, somewhat bronzed.

Measurements * in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

mm.

Total length without caudal fin............ 85

Depth of EM Meee che ore a are ol ae a 8s 9 vis wie 25

Depth of caudal peduncle ................ 12:9

Pep GR HOR. USN. ie ec cee a alae s 22°3

AIRE ivi thd sss Seite, Rezo ws ¥ 176

RNAP TARE ME 6 Po x 3 6 nl p0 wiv cle 9s 10°5

PMR MRE AAO TS erp eo ois cris ce 6 ur 00+ 9-4

OST 0 i A a 46

Distance from tip of snout to anterior end of

PRMSM TREO el oad rata oo Vas: Zo 0 2 475

Height of longest dersal ray .............. 20

" Distance between tip of snout to root of pec-

(SOS on Sie a ee eS ae ee ee ate 20

peti ot pectoral fit 25. S.<soce seca nes 20

Distance from tip of snout to vent ........ 70°5

Distance from tip of snout to anterior end of

REMIEE Scheie 2 3, n a0 cjeys's 3 ho ss.n! « we are 2s « 59

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

CEL Re ee ee 75°2

Height of longest ventral fin-ray .......... 17-6

Height of longest anal fin-ray ............ 17-2

Length of caudal peauticles)) F025 .[F. 2. f 15:2

Lencth of longest caudal fin-ray .......... 22°3

Height of root of caudalfin ........::....- 13°5

Type-specimen.—Only six specimens were obtained in the

‘Harangi River (Madapur, Coorg), which is a very rapid

stream flowing over rocky beds. The type-specimen and

two syntypes have been forwarded to the British Museum

aud two more to the Indian Museum. The remaining one

is kept in the Central College Museum, Bangalore.

The several points of difference between jerdonia and

jerdonia brevimentalia may be summarised thus :—

(1) Eyes.—As measured in examples in my own collection

and those from the river Bhavani (S. India) and from

Kangra Valley (Punjab) belonging to the Indian Museum,

they are in jerdonia 3% to 4 in the length of the head and

one diameter from end of snout, and two diameters apart.

This is in accordance with Day also f.

* References to terminology employed in the tig tede eked

1895. Boulenger, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. (2nd ed.) vol. i. pp. xi-xil:

1901. Jordan, Proc. M. 8S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxiii. pp. 737-7| 89.

+ Day, Fauna of Brit. India, Fish. vol. i. p. 248.

56 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

In jerdonia brevimentalia, the eyes are more than four

times in the length of the head, 2 diameters from end of

snout, and 24 diameters apart.

(2) Mental disk.—In jerdonia, broadly subcireular, the

lower labial fold is just half the width of the central pad ;

chest covered with largish scales *.

In jerdonia brevimentalis, the metal disk is subtriangular,

the lower labial fold nearly equals the width of the pad.

Chest nearly free from scales (vide Pl. I. fig. 1 a).

(3) Fins.—In jerdonia, the pectoral fin is shorter than the

dorsal, and the ventral shorter than the anal. In jerdonia

brevimentalia these sets are nearly equal, and the caudal fin

is proportionately longer.

(4) The other points refer to the number of fin-rays and

scales, which are summarised in the description of jerdonia

brevimentalis.

5. Garra platycephala, sp. n.

(Pl. I. figs. 2,2 a, 20.)

D. 10-11 (1/9-10. P.14-15. V.10. A. 7-8 (1/6-7).

C. 19-20. L.1.37-89. LL. tr. 43/42.

The head, which is greatly flattened, slopes somewhat

abruptly towards the snout, and its length is about five

times in the total length without the caudal fin. The depth

of the head nearly equals its width behind the eyes. The

snout is produced and may be rounded or acute. ‘The

diameter of the eye is contained four times in the length of

the head, and is only half the interorbital space. It is also

less than half the length of snout. End of snout more or

less pinched off by a deep groove, which may extend on both

sides of the cheek, and both surfaces covered by fairly open

mucous pores. Anterior barbels nearly twice as long as the

posterior ones, which are hardly visible beyond the hinder labial

fold. The outer rays of the pectoral and pelvic fins, which

are nearly equal in length, are simple and greatly flattened.

The pectoral fin nearly as long as the head or the caudal

peduncle. The depth of the caudal peduncle is considerably

less than half the height of the longest dorsal fin-ray. The

chest is somewhat free from scales or only covered by feebly

‘developed ones. The caudal fin is deeply lobed, the upper

lobe being longer.

The colour above is light olivaceous, slightly brownish on

the head. Upper part of snout pale blue or grey. Sides

of body yellow with a dark green lateral band. Ventral

* 1919, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus, pl. xxvii. fig. 3.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. - 57

surface yellowish. Lower lobe of caudal fin clouded dark,

so also the outer margins of the paired fins. A blue pectoral

spot may or may not be present. This coloration of fresh

specimens fades in preserved forms.

Measurements in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

mm.

Total length without caudal fin ............ 118

LU TID I Oe iat a 17‘7

Depth of caudal peduncle.................. 101

LSE STE 3, 2 ee 20°2

UEC ULITI EL Ten Sd Se 135

Width of head behind the eyes ............ 13:5

MEP OEOR SHOW GS CoN cs ce eic ccs eh «tes oes 18°8

PERIEISOGSOEDIO ait Ah So ettia since clei ties fae 5:08

Width of interorbital space ................ 11°01

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

TST Lod OTe Pa Sete ae ae a 42°3

Height of the longest dorsal fin-ray ........ 22:03

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Pe epeMAUIE eat 5 5, foe 3 ot lo, Ange oR, aisle 3, 19°4

Longest pectoral fin-ray ................ 18°6—20°1

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 56:7

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of .

TIGL AEC Ree WA i ae a 46°6

Longest ventral fin-ray ..............000- 18°6-19°4

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

DELS TET: Uta es ee a

PRS P ERT ARAL LEERY oo. . 5's ae dats cee ie se ee ts

Length of caudal peduncle

Monresy caudal fin-ray ... 2.6.02. e ee ce y

Height of root of caudal fin-ray ............ 11°8

sve ais) 6a ease) e mates! ©

tlohen

aS Sos

w= bo bO OF

Type-specimen.—Only three specimens of this fish are

included in my collection. The proterotype is sent to the

British Museum, and one of the syntypes is presented to the

‘Indian Museum, while the other is kept in the Central

College Museum, Bangalore.

Locality.—These specimens were collected in the Cauvery,

Seringapatam (Mysore), along with G. damta and G. steno-

rhynchia towards the summer of 1917.

6. Garra bicornuta, sp. n.

(Pl. I. figs. 3, 3a, 36.)

Deine) ba lie Vale. A. 8, (1/7). C. 20.

L. 1. 30-31. L. tr. 34-4/34-4. ;

The dorsal profile in front of the dorsal fin is broadly

convex, and behind the dorsal fin it is nearly horizontal or

only very gently slopes down to the caudal fin. The length

of the head, which is moderate, is contained slightly less than

58 ‘Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

44 times in the total length without the caudal fin. The

greatest depth of body is considerably less than the height

of the longest dorsal fin-ray. The depth of the caudal

peduncle is contained five times in the distance between the

tip of snout and the anterior root of the anal fin. The eyes

are large, the diameter of which is contained 3°1 times in

the length of the head is more than half the length of

snout and is contained 1°5 times in the width of the inter-

orbital space. The upper profile of the eye is almost

conterminous with that of the protuberance in front of it, and

in old examples the tip of the protuberance is studded with

spiny mucous pores. The length of the protuberance is nearly

half the length of the snout or is 8/9 of the diameter of the

eye. From the anterior margin of the interorbital space,

there is a sudden, almost vertical drop. The internasal

portion forms almost a third protuberance, which is, how-

ever, sunk and which like the orbital processes is covered

anteriorly by tubercles. The snout below the nostrils is

again sunk and is marked off by deep grooves into four

tubercular areas, which are prominent. The anterior barbels

are nearly twice as long as the posterior ones. The mental

disk is moderate, and the central pad is about 1} times

broader than the lower labial fold, whose posterior margin is

nearly straight and at right angle to the long axis of the

body. The dorsal and caudal fins are deeply indented. The

pectoral and ventral fins are equal in length to the distance

between the snout and the anterior root of the former. The

anal fin is 14 times the depth of the caudal peduncle and is

longer than the paired fins. The length of the peduncle

is 2/3 of the longest caudal fin-ray. ‘The upper lobe of the

caudal fin is much longer than the lower, and the longest ray

of the upper lobe may be quite as long as the longest dorsal

fin-ray. The outer pectoral and pelvic fin-rays are very

stout. The scales are large.

The colour of the older forms is somewhat uniform,

slightly reddish brown above, pale yellowish below. The

central pad of the disk is rufous, the lower labial fold dark,

relieved in front by a white semicircular collar. The greater

portion of the paired fins is clouded dark, with brown hori-

zontal streaks in the middle of the caudal fin. In the

younger forms the prevailing colour is a warm olive-green

above, sides and ventral part yellow. The paired fins are

bright orange and the mental disk reddish, the other fins

light with brownish streaks. A lateral orange band is

occasionally present. Head frequently red or reddish brown

or grey.

new Cyprinotd Fishes from Mysore. 59

Measurements in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin: —

mm.

Total length without caudal fin ............ 132

PORTS CU AR oe 26°5

Wepihven caudal peduncle... .......20555-008 151

[ELD GG Se ee ee ae 21:7

PI RMEMAMCAD Cina oe oe ew nee nee oes 19°6

Width of head behind the eyes ............ 15°9

GHEE On SHOW 2h j2h del. a: clases sire ole dels s sre Pe ge

[BPE Woke Ol A ee pee nea 68

Width of interorbital space ........+..5..... 10°6

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

EO TEE LTD depths flees Oa eee Ae aaa 45:4

Height of the longest dorsal fin-ray ........ 31:06

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Sle FARA PURE create © cis gyda, ei) aim ate,a nj ahev cies 19°6

Longest pectoral fin-ray ..........ceeccees 19°6

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 69'6

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

SME AREY: fbi. shy Baw o sist ica ls ¥ vce Se Weel 49:2

Longest ventral fin-ray..... Rah NC UAE 19°6

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

RMMBECL MOTI B se lets oyctste ok ed Herat aye ree’ so <for nin, 6 a6 757

Wanpesh analy oath se sects cee ae 22:7

Length of caudal peduncle ................ ‘18:4

Mongestcmadal Wn-vay o'r ole Fc) sje o's ayse vos 27°2-31:06

Height of root of caudal fin ...........2... . 144

Type-specimen.—Several examples of this species are in

the collection. The type and three co-types are sent to the

British Museum and a similar number of syntypes are

presented to the Indian Museum.

Locality.—They were obtained for the first time by my

collleague, Mr. A. Subba Rao, from the River Tunga in

Shimoga (Mysore State), towards the end of the summer

recess in 1917, aud have since been obtained by myself from

the same source.

Subfamily Cozrrrprvx.

Genus Borta.

The occurrence of loaches belonging to this genus in the

south of the Deccan has not been reported till now.

Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri has described not long ago two new

species of Botia—viz., B. birdi* and B. lohachata + obtained

from Rupar (the Punjab) and from the Gandak River, Bihar,

respectively, and the species described below is therefore

the first new one to be mentioned from S. India.

* 1909, Chaudhuri, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. iii. p. 339,

f 1912. Id. op. cit. vol. vii. p. 441, pl. xl. fig. 2.

60 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

7. Botia striata, sp. n.

(Pl. IL. figs. 4, 4a, 40.)

D. 11-12 (2/9-10). P. 18-14. V. 8. A. 7-8 (1/6-7). C.19.

The body is greatly compressed laterally and the dorsal

profile in the front of the dorsal fin is a broad incline, which

becomes an abrupt descent from the eyes to the snout. ‘The

depth of body is contained about 34 times in the total length

without the the caudal fin, and is only very slightly greater

than the length of head. The caudal peduncle is almost

squarish, being slightly deeper than long. The head is

greatly compressed, and its length is nearly equal to the

distance between the tip of snout and the anterior root of

pectoral fin. The width of head is just half its own depth.

The eyes are moderate, their diameter is contained five times

in the length of the head and is slightly more than half

the length of the suborbital spine. The spine is bifid at

the base. Barbels 8, subequal, the shortest pair being the

mandibular ones. The mouth is crescentic when shut and

is an oval aperture when open. The distance between the

angles of the mouth, if widely opened, is equal to the

diameter of the orbit. The upper lip overhangs the lower,

both somewhat thick and suctorial. The dorsal fin arises in

front of the root of the ventrals and both are behind the

middle point in the total length of body without the caudal

fin. The height of the dorsal fin is equal to the length of

the anal fin, and the ventral * is shorter than these two. The

length of the pectorals is less than twice the length of the

suborbital spine and is longer than the snout. The margin

of tie dorsal fin is entire, that of the dorsal fin is deeply

lobed, the lobes being equal. The anterior nostril is sur-

rounded by a very broad glandular fold, which covers the

posterior nares ; the opening of the latter is a wide funnel,

that of the former is a slit masked by the glandular lips of

the fold. Muciferous glands are few, present on the head

and on the sides of the operculum. The lateral line is entire

and straight, terminating anteriorly in the upper corner of

the gill-opening; is rarely continued forward by a row

of muciferous glands. Scales are absent on the head, oper-

culum, and chest. They are small and non-deciduous.

The colour of this loach is most beautiful. The body is

diversified by broad dark and narrow yellow bands, which

from behind the nape form oblique hoops directed back-

wards; these bands completely surround the body. The

* In fig. 4 the ventral fin is slightly exaggerated, so also is the

lower lobe of the caudal fin.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 61

broad dark bands may bear light streaks of variable number,

forming complete or incomplete hoops. ‘These narrow white

bands may be broken into small elegant dots. This beautiful

pattern may be on a backgrouid of a pale pink or a deep

yellow. These two primary types of dark and yellow bands

are broader on the sides of the head and are directed

obliquely forwards. On the upper surface of tle head, the

dark and yellow streaks form a trident mark. The posterior

part of the caudal peduncle may be clouded by a deep

bronze, which obscures occasionally the scheme of bands and

dots. The chest is somewhat greenish in freshly captured

specimens, fading almost into a white in tle preserving

fluids. The fins are white and are barred, the caudal fin

bearing two entire and two to three interrupted stripes.

The whole scheme of striation on the body is suggestive

more of the zebra,

Measurements in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

5

5

Total length without caudal fin ............ 70

EOE OEY, (Ponts Detach cles cin aleve’ § afacte 29°5

Depth of caudal peduncle.................. 17-1

2ne Do Rs ne dee 38-5

PREG RCH es latest oo hiais, He shale gd vie,s0's 22°8

Width of head behind eyes ................ 11-4

2 TL eS A ee 157

LS eee ee 57

Width of interorbital space (measured over

RIRTEOHE OE MEAN cc. Ss eee ees ke te os 14:2

Width of interorbital space (measured across

REE 232 SS oot et neste oS 95

CCLLIG TSG 9 Re ea eee 71

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Speixiieeltl 20%, 2-7 oo sets scale ee te eet ves =< 571

Height of longest dorsal fin-ray ............ 14:2

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

IE ATES reat ties acl cie aly dria, «,<'0. 31 «\s 28°5

Longest pectoral fin-ray ..............+... 185

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 74:2

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

eI RE TAGES taken hatha d 38a od a!s) 6 « \n(5, 0 62:9

SOTO VONtEAL TNZTAY omnia eo es ois eie ws ese 13°5

Distance froni snout to anterior roctofanaltin 85°7

Dompes ONS Mi-Tay) ws) lewidslee aude se es 14:2

Length of caudal peduncle ................ 16°6

enpesh COUNaL AN-PAY seh cae es eats sa we 25°7

Height of root of caudal fin................ 1771

Type-specimen.—T here are eleven specimens in the collec-

tion. The type and four more examples are sent to the

British Museum and four presented to the Indian Museum.

The rest is kept in the Central College Museum, Bangalore.

62 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

Locality.— These loaches have been obtained in the River

Thunga, Shimoga Town, Mysore State, South India.

Genus NEMACHILICHTHYS.

It is rather doubtful whether the species called by Sykes

Cobitis ruppel* is identical with Day’s Nemachilichthys

rueppelit. “The type of this species, described by Day, is in

the Indian Museum, and is not in a condition for a detailed

examination. One has to supplement therefore very largely

from his figure, which, however, is a protograph. Sykes

gives the following formula for his C. ruppelli : —

GQ)? D243) (E12). BAL ON Ra ARS SoCal ore ant

(2) Deis Q/Il P RTS. VOB ALT (Qi) ee ee

Day’s diagnosis.

The coloration of Sykes’s figure has nothing whatever to

do with Day’s rueppelli, though his description is quite

different. It is further mentioned by Sykes that his species

is nearly cylindrical, scaleless, not much thicker than a

large goose-quill, and from two or three inches long. Day’s

specimen is slightly under three inches, and does not fit in

with the above description. Sykes mentions that the dorsal

fin in his specimen of ruppelli is longer than any except the

caudal, and in Day’s specimen it is certainly shorter than

the anal also. Then, the tail-fin in C. ruppelli { 1s described

as “rather notched than forked,” while in Day’s type it is

deeply forked. I have for these reasons some hesitation in

regarding that Day was correct in thinking that Codztis

ruppelii is ideutical with N. rueppelli.

8. Nemachilichthys shimogensis, sp. un.

(Pl Ti figs.'5; 5 .a7op:)

D.14 (2/12). PP. 12418. Ve8.. AL 72/ bye eo:

The dorsal profile in front of the dorsal fin is horizontal

up to the upper margin of the eyes, and the profile of the

head in front of the eyes is a steep incline. The upper

surface of the body is, in fresh and well-preserved specimens,

excavated by two trough-like depressions, the anterior

between the dorsal fin and the occiput, and the posterior one

from the dorsal fin to the end of caudal peduncle. Ou th

* 1841. Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. p. 366, pl. Ixiv. fig. 1.

+ 1878. Day, Fish. Ind. p. 612, pl. clvi. fig. 7.

t Sykes’s ruppelli may be some local variety of Cobitis cilturis (should

be biltur’) H. B. or Cobrtis botius H. B. (Fish Ganges, pp. 350, 394), for

Sykes himself acknowledges close affinity between his Mureh (ruppelli)

and Hfamilton and Buchanan’s bilturz.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 63

ventral surface there are similarly two deep grooves, one

between the base of the ventral and anal fins, and the second

between the latter and the root of the caudal fin. The depth

of body is contained 5% times in the total length without the

caudal fin. The dorsal surface of head is convex and its

length is contained about four times in the total length.

The depth of head is less than half its length, and its width

behind the eyes is contained slightly more than 24 times in

the cephalic length. nd of snout blunt and elevated, and

its length is more than half the length of head. The upper

surface of head is also convex. ‘he lumen of the mouth

when shut is horseshoe-shaped ; its upper lip produced into

a forward fleshy fold and the lower lip divided into two

fleshly protuberances. The barbels (six) are subequal, thick

at the base, and flagellate towards the tips. The eyes are

directed upwards and their diameter is 3 in the length of

snout and they are less than one diameter apart. The

nostrils are separated by a glandular fold, which, reflected

back, covers the posterior nares. On both sides of the

snout there is a fairly deep muciferous canal or groove,

which arises near the tip of snout and may stop in front of

the eyes or may be continued below and behind them.

Mucilerous glands are few, scattered on the snout and head.

The perpendicular from the first dorsal fin-ray passes through

the middle point in the total length without the caudal fin,

aud the height of the dorsal ray equals the pectoral. ‘The

ventral fin is equal to either of these or is shorter. The

longest anal ray exceeds the length of the caudal peduncle.

The depth of the caudal pedunele is less than its own length,

and corresponds to the width of head behind the eyes. The

tail-fin is deeply forked, the two lobes being equal. The

longest tail fin-ray is shorter than the distance between the

tip of snout to anterior root of pectoral fin. The scales are

small and non-deciduous, absent® on the head, chest, and

nearly the whole abdomen. ‘The lateral line is entire and is

somewhat concave in the anterior half of the body.

The colour is a beautiful orange with brown bars, con-

tinous dorsally and descending to the ventral margin of the

body. <A few shorter intermediate bars also present. The

unbroken bands being from 15 to 20. The dorsal fin is

barred and the black dots thrown into relief by a white

edge below each. The caudal fin is chevrotained with brown.

An almost ocellus-like blue spot in the middle of the root of

the tail-fin. Head in freshly captured specimens is brownish

or reddish. Throat is white, and the whole of the abdominal

surface is orange.

64 On new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore.

Measurements in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

mm.

Total length without caudal fin ............ 85

Depth: of ‘body, j.- eres oc cscs 5 ss ces 17°6

Depth of candalpedmnelesen ee). .ca. sss 10:0

Leng th’ ofthead Wo teerne te eee eee ce eae 25-2

Depth; ofiead eter cere tcle rs stein cts «os e's aU 7

Width of head behind eyes ............. vay OD

Lengthyot snouts con, cg). 00: Font b USO SOOT 14:1

Diameter Ororbltger te secre ss: cet as< ee 3) 4:7

Width of interorbital space ................ 35

Width of mouthing. os ste site. ciu Reh oh 58

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

dorsal fin) cee ech es as ae ieee ie ares 50°5

Height of longest dorsal fin-ray ............ 16-4

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

poctoraltiing, stecc-s cet ea cons ok nee U eteeneteeee 24-7

Longest pectoral fin-tay) 1,-2.4... +». sso 16°4

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 68:2

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

VOMtral TN yrs oe Gin s eaeete sacle ce BEDS

Longest ventral fin-ray ..... deeeee ees. seed aya

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

anal sO) pepe ty. ARAN ERA Mo ac ap cs 82:7

Longest anal fin-ray’ 5.2 6) eyt le scious ere 14:1

Length of caudal peduncle ...........-05.. 12-9

Mongest caudal fin=ray: cil ze otc ostscinents = ot 20:2

Height of root of caudal fins...........-58. 118

Type-specimen.—Several specimens are contained in the

collection. The type and about six syntypes are forwarded

to the British Museum and a number of examples are pre-

sented to the Indian Museum.

Locality Obtained from the Thunga River, Shimoga

Town (Mysore), S. India. A few examples of this species

and the foregoing were taken by my colleague, Mr. A.

Subba Rao, from the same source.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLate I,

Fig. 1. Garra jerdonia brevimentalia, var.n. 4 nat. size.

Figs. La, 10. Ditto. xX 4.

Fig. 2. Garra platycephala, sp.n, 3 nat. size.

Figs. 2a,2b. Ditto. x 3.

Fig. 3. Garra bicornuta, sp.n. 4% nat. size.

Figs. 3a, 36, Ditto. 3 nat. size.

Puate II.

3

Fig. 4. Botia striata, sp.n. XX j.

Figs. 4a,46. Ditto. x §.

Fig. 5. Nemachilichthys shimogensis, sp.n. slightly more than 3.

tgs. 5a, 56, Ditto. x slightly more than 3.

On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. 65

II1.— Fossil Arthropods in the British Mluseum.—tL1.

By T. D. A. Cockrrett, University of Colorado.

‘THE present part deals wholly with Coleopterous elytra from

the Hocene.

Mr. R. J. Tillyard*, describing some fossil beetle elytra

from Australia, remarks :—‘'The placing of single elytra,

however perfect, can seldom be more thau a matter of con-

jecture, since there are scarcely any types of sculpture that

are confined to one family only. But, where the fossil

specimen is well enough preserved, it is nevertheless usual to

name it. Thus, a number of what may be termed ‘ genera of

convenience’? have arisen, of which it may be said that each

one serves to gather together, as a single group, all those

fossil elytra which show correspondence in shape and sculp-

ture, within certain limits. An example of such a genus is

Ademosyne, Handlirsch, from the Ipswich beds. Under this

maine are now comprised no less than ten species, which

might belong to the Hydrophilide, Parnide, or Tenebrionide,

the type of elytron which they represent being commonly

found in all three families.”

In the case of the elytra described below, the uncertainty

referred to by Mr. Tillyard exists; though it might, perhaps,

be removed, at least in part, by one more familiar with the

Coleoptera of the world. An intensive morphological study

of Coleopterous elytra, with large quantities of material, wouid

probably reveal many significant diagnostic features, which

could be seen in the fossils. In the meanwhile, however, all

these elytra present excellent specific characters, and are, I

t ink, perfectly recognizable. ‘They can accordingly be used

in stratigraphy and in estimating the resemblances and

differences between Cenozoic faunse. For these reasons alone

it appears justifiable to make them known.

Carabites cuneatus, sp.n. (Tig. 1.)

Elytra 8°5 mm. long and slightly over 4 wide, the base

broadly truncate, the apex narrowed but obtuse, the outer

margin gently curved; ten delicately punctured and feebly

impressed striz, the outer one failing below the humeral

angle, and supplemented by a short stria a short distance

mesad of it; a fine curved sulcus or impressed line, inde-

pendent of the striz, extending inward and downward from

* Proc, Linn. Soc. New South Wales, xlii, (1918) p. 749.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi, 5

66 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

the humeral region, and finally passing apicad, nearly parallel

with the inner margin. In the punctured strie there are

about two punctures in 160 mw. ‘*

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner). British

Museum, 19014, with reverse.

een oe ew

eee

Carabites cuneatus, sp. 0.

T sent a sketch of this elytron to Mr. 8. A. Rohwer at the

U.S. National Museum, asking him to seek the advice of the

well-ki own Coleopterists Messrs. Barber and Schwarz. He

writes :—“ I have shown your drawing of the beetle elytron

to both Barber and Schwarz, and they agree that it might be

that of a good many different groups of beetles, but suggest

it may possibly be that of a Carabid, and possibly a Har-

alid. ‘he ‘sulcus’ is produced by the fold of the elytron,

and the small part is ‘epipleurite’ of the elytron turned

under. It is probable that the view you have is from the

under side. By the study of a detached elytron of any large

Carabid you can easily see what the ‘sulcus’ of the fossil

really is.”

Carabites parallelus, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Elytra about 10 mm.-long and slightly over 4 wide, the

actual apex not preserved, but evidently very obtuse ; margins

subparallel ; sculpture as in 19014, with the same curved

sulcus.

‘Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner).

British Museum, 18999.

I had referred this and the previous species to Hydro-

philites, but follow the opinion as to possible affinities

expressed by Messrs. Barber and Schwarz.

in the British Museum. 67

Fig. 2,

Carabites parallelus, sp. n.

Tenebrionites (gen. nov.) anglicus, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Elytra 9°5 mm. long, 3°8 wide, base obliquely truncate,

apex sharply pointed; inner margin from 1°5 mm. from base

to 3 mm. from apex, straight, with two rows of rather coarsely

punctured striz parallel with it, the first marginal, the second

less than half a millimetre from it ; rather widely spaced and

indistinct striee converge toward the apex, but the dise shows

no distinct strise, and its surface is broken up into irregular

subreticulate areas, defined by impressed lines; humeral

region with a very oblique short stria.

Lenebrionites anglicus, sp. n.

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner). British

Museum, 19015.

h*

68 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

The sculpture is suggestive of certain Tenebrionids, as

Asida opaca, Say. The shape, especially the inner margin,

recalls the Siberian Jurassic fossil Doggeria sibirica, Hand-

lirsch. (The species which Handlirsch refers to Doggeria

are probably not eongeneric, so J). sibirica is herewith

designated the type of the genus.)

Chrysomelites quadrilineatus, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Elytra 5-5 mm. long, a little over 3 broad; subquadrate,

with obliquely truncate base and apex; outer margin feebly

convex ; surface minutely pustulose ; disc with two pairs of

Chrysomelites quadrilineatus, sp. u.

parallel longitudinal striz, not deeply impressed, the outer-

most of one pair 1 mm. distant from the outermost of the

other. There are no dark bands or markings ; as preserved

the elytron is pale ferruginous.

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner). British

Museum, 19006, with reverse.

The parallel striz suggest the fossil Pachycoleon woodlet

(Westwood), from the Lower Purbeck. The insect appears

to belong to the Chrysomelids, but cannot be referred with

any assurance to a living genus.

Carabites peracutus, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Elytra 11:4 mm. long, 4°3 mm. broad; cuneate, with

straight inner margin, strongly convex outer margin, and

very acute apex; a stria close to inner margin, and eight

other ones, sharp and distinct, but failing about 3°5 mm. from

apex ; on close examination the striz are seen to be obscurely

and rather coarsely punctate.

in the British Museum. 69

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner, 21).

British Museum, 19018.

Carabites peracutus, sp. n,

Resembles Carabites gardneri, Ckll., but that is considerably

larger, with the strize strong to the apex and the inner margin

gently curved before the apex. ;

Buprestites purbecensis, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Elytra probably about 11 mm. long (9 mm. preserved),

3°6 mm. wide, acute at apex; eleven sharp striz, four in

Fig. 6.

Buprestites purhecensis, sp. un.

1 mm. transversely (in 19018 the strize are half a millimetre

apart) ; striz extending to the apical region and not distinctly

punctured.

70 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Upper Eocene, Bagshot Beds, Studland Bay, Isle of

Purbeck, Dorset (Brodie). British Museum, 10423.

Very much like modern Buprestis, but the apex appears to

be sharper than usual.

Curculionites brenthiformis, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Elytra probably at least 13 mm. long (11:3 mm. preserved),

4mm. wide, nearly parallel-sided, the humerus gently rounded,

apex lost. Nine coarse strong strize (in middle half a milli-

metre apart), more or less distinctly interrupted by large

shallow depressions, about three in 2 mm. longitudinally.

Curculionites brenthiformis, sp. 1.

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner, 8 and

15). British Museum, 19007, with reverse.

The punctiform depressions are too large and shallow for

an Elaterid, and appear to indicate an unusually elongate

member of the Rhynchophora, similar to the Brenthidee.

Fig. 8.

Chrysomelites bartonicus, sp. n.

in the British Museum. 71

Chrysomelites hartonicus, sp. n. (ig. 8.)

Elytra probably about 7 mm. long (6 mm. preserved),

3 mm. wide; apex very obtuse, subtruncate ; ten very finely

punctured striz, sharp and distinct, with the arrangement

shown in the figure. No markings are preserved.

Bartonian. The label is lost, but the soft white iron-stained

rock agrees with that of 19022, from the Bagshot Beds,

Bournemouth (Gardner). I have marked the specimen x.

The form agrees with the Chrysomelide.

Curcultonites optimus, sp.n. (Fig. 9.)

Elytra probably about 14 mm. long (11 mm. preserved),

6°5 mm. wide ; nearly parallel-sided ; humeral angle very

distinct ; ten rows of very distinct but irregularly placed

punctures, the innermost row double and the outermost more

or less so. The figure shows the arrangement of the rows.

Fig. 9

. Sal ran

Sg ed ?

" ay eee eh

poe 6 Genta

Ly ae a a

Ee ae

e , ‘ .

ee am er ar

(aca Ss aie

fy Sie ene ony

eran Gort es

Se Cesk ar yah JO matte a

Corea 8. = eo 4%

ed ce elias

elie Neat ie wire

BS Baty Mint Vag hee

Eek betel

eVSdh lwtet? i ping ane

fan’

Curculionites optimus, sp n.

Bartonian, Lower Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth, | British

Museum, 12869, with reverse.

It was purchased from F. H. Butler in 1909, but came

from the Nevil Jones collection.

Erotylites (gen. nov.) wallacei, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Elytra about 12°3 mm. long, 4°8 mm. broad, very convex,

the apex broad, but with a sharp point; surface (abraded in

middle) beset with fine distinct punctures, which ran more or

less in rows, as shown in the figure.

72 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

Bartonian, Lower Bagshot, Corfe Clay, Creech, between

Corfe and Wareham, Dorset (W. R. Brodie, 14). British

Museum, 19047. Purchased from the executors of H. 8S.

Beckles in 1891.

Fig. 10.

we

oa) ae

wf

oes

Erotyhites wallacet, sp. n.

The shape of the elytron is like that of Cypherotylus

! z

aspersus, Gorham (Hrotylide). The general form is rather

suggestive of Tenebrionide, but the apex is different.

Named after Dr. A. R. Wallace, in memory of a visit to

Corfe in his company many years ago.

1V.—New Species of African Simuliide.

By A. W. J. Pomeroy, M.B.E.

[Plates III, & IV.]

In a previous paper * the writer pointed out the importance

of the respiratory filaments of the pupa of Simulium as

specific characters in distinguishing closely allied species, and

an extended series of observations on African species con-

firms this opinion. In addition to the differences of the

formation of the branching of the filaments, what may prove

to be a very important clue to generic eharacter has been

observed, namely, the composition of the chitinous mem-

brane of the filaments themselves. In some species the

chitin is in the form of “scalloped ” plates welded together,

* Pomeroy, Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. no, 329, Professional Paper,

March 6, 1916, p. 24.

Species of African Simuliide. 73

in others on hexagonal plates. In one species—S. gilvipes,

Pomeroy—the membrane is covered with crescent-shaped

nodules arranged in rows. In three species which have

pup with four-branched filaments the resemblance in ‘the

arrangement of the chitin is remarkable, since one specics

(S. bracteatum, Coq.) is found in N. America, another

(S. aureum, Fries) is a British species, and a third (S. aureo-

simile, Pomeroy) is found in the Kamerun, W.. Africa. The

writer has not made any histological investigation into the

subject, and some considerable work needs to be done before

any definite conclusion can be reached ; but from superficial

observation under a low power the characters seem to be

too important to be overlooked.

In the following descriptions of new species the pupze

have been correlated with the adults, by dissecting adult

imales which were almost ready to emerge from the pupal

skin and comparing their genitalia with those of specimens

bred in the streams at the same time and place.

Simulium cervicornutum, sp. 0.

(PI Pil sfic. 3 5; Pl. 1V4fig.. 3.)

Male.—Length 1°5 mm,

Antenne black, covered with a short greyish pubescence”.

Thorazx velvet-black, covered with thick golden pubescence,

in freshly emerged specimens entirely so. Pleure brown,

lacking the patch of soft hairs. Wangs hyaline, veins brown,

radius untorked. Abdomen velvet-black, first segment with

a fringe of dark purple-brown hairs; a diagonal perlaceous

stripe on each side of the abdomen across the fifth, sixth, and

seventh segments, rather more iridescent blue in some lights.

Legs: front legs, coxz dark brown ; femora, apical ends

dark purple-brown, remainder covered with shining light

yellow hairs; tibize, apical third dark purple-brown, re-

mainder covered with light yellow hairs; tarsi almost black.

Hind legs: coxe dark purple-brown; femora dark purple-

brown ; tibiz, basal third covered with light shining yellow

hair ; tarsi purple-black, second tarsal joint with excision

near base. Genitalia: basal pieces large ; claspers about

one-third the length of basal piece, having one finger-like

process at the apex ; anal plates, the lateral plates very long,

exceeding the length of the claspers, with a few short bristles

at the apex, the centre plate large; adminiculum rather

broad, with a fringe of short hairs and some very irregular

short spines at the apex of the trough; arms, the arms end

mesally with a pair of spines, the outer one very long, the

inner very short.

74 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

Hab. Quick-flowing mountain-streams, obtained by

rearing from pupa.

Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14.2.1916. Altitude

2200 metres.

Type in the British Museum.

Female.—ULength 1:7 mm.

Frons silver-grey. Antenne brown with grey dusting, the

two basal joints yellow. Thorax lustrous black, covered

with strong golden pubescence. Pleure fuscous and lacking

the patch of soft hairs. Wings hyaline, radius unforked.

Abdomen: basal segment with fringe of long yellow hairs;

second, third, and fourth segments with long golden hairs

dorsally and laterally, the last four segments shining purple-

black, with sparse black hairs and bristles. Legs: front

legs, coxee dark brown, with shiny masses of yellow hair ;

femora dark, with thick shining pale yellow hair on the

C} Ee &&

Hind claws of Stmudium, 2.

Fig. 1.—Simuliwn meduseformis, sp.n. Hind claw of female.

Fig. 2.—Stmulium cervicornutum, sp. u.

Fig. 3.—Simulium aureosimile, sp. n.

Fig. 4.—Stmulium gilvipes, sp. n.

apical half, silvery in some lights ; tibiz yellow, dark brown

on apical fourth; tarsi very dark brown, almost black.

Hind legs: cox dark brown; femora dark brown; tibiz

hairy, basal half shining yellow, apical half dark purple-

brown; first tarsal joint yellow, but black at apex ; second

tarsal joint with marked excision near base; second, third,

fourth, and fifth tarsal joints all purple-black. Claws with

a large blunt tooth projecting from the base similar to

S. latipes, Meig.

Hab. Not found biting. Bred from pupa in swift

mountain-stream,

Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14. 2.1916. Altitude

2200 metres.

Paratype in British Museum.

Pupa.—Pupal filaments shaped like the antlers of an elk.

The filaments arise from the base in three main branches ;

Species of African Simuliide. 75

the first branch divides dorsad into three short branches

progressively longer ; the second main branch divides dorsad

into four, the first very short, the remainder progressively

longer; the third main branch divides into two.

The pupa was determined from the genitalia and legs of

the adult male, dissected from the pupa and compared with

the type.

Simulium gilvipes, sp. n.

(felines a. Pl. TV. fig. 1.)

Male.—Length 24 mm.

Antenne entirely dark brown, with greyish pubescence,

the two basal joints somewhat paler. Thorax velvet-black,

covered with thick light golden pubescence. Pleure light

grey-brown, with patch of soft hairs near spiracle. Wings :

hyaline yeins brownish yellow, radius unforked. Abdomen

velvet-black, covered with golden pubescence; first segment

with fringe of long yellow hair, golden at base, pale at apex.

Legs: front legs, cox very dark brown ; femora dark brown

at base, middle light yellow, brown at apex; tibiz brown at

apex, middle yellow covered with light golden pubescence,

apex dark brown ; tarsi, all tarsal joints very dark brown,

last three almost black. Hind legs: coxe brown; femora

very yellow, with golden pubescence, apex dark brown ;

tibiz, basal third yellow, apical two-thirds dark brown;

tarsi almost black, the second tarsal joint with excision near

base. Genitalia: hasal pieces large; claspers less than the

length of the basal pieces, blunt at apex, with single finger-

hike process; the ends usually turned over mesally ; anal

plates, side-pieces very small and very constricted inwardly

at apices, bearing five to six stout bristles arising from very

distinct nodules, ceutre plate small and denude of bristles ;

adminiculum very broad, with a fringe of weak hairs along

the lower portion of pouch; arms very chitinous, ending

mesially in two groups of strong black spines, the main spinal

process very serrated outwardly.

Hab. Quick-flowing mountain-streams: obtained from

pupa attached to rocks.

Loc. Baugan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14. 2.1916. Altitude

2200 metres.

Type in British Museum.

Female.—Length 2°6-7 mm.

Head: frons covered with silver pubescence ; face silver-

grey ; antenne dark brown with grey pubescence, first two

joints pale yellow, third joint pale yellow at base. Thorax

dull purple-black, covered with golden pubescence. Pleure

76 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

brown-grey with patch of soft silky hair near spiracle.

Wings hyaline, veins yellowish, radius unforked. Abdomen

dull purple-black, covered with rather brassy pubescence, the

seventh and eighth tergites rather bare and shiny, the fringe

of hair on the first segment distinctly short, almost absent

dorsally. Legs: front legs, coxee brown; femora yellow,

apex brown ; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, remainder

dark brown ; tarsi very dark, almost black. Hund legs:

coxe light brown; femora golden yellow, covered with

brassy pubescence, apex black ; tibiz, basal two-thirds

yellow, remainder dark brown ; tarsi, first tarsal joint—

basal third yellow, two-thirds covered with yellow pubes-

cence, remainder of tarsal jomts black. The second tarsal

joint with excision near base ; hind claws with tooth at base

as in S. ornatum.

Hab. Not found biting ; bred from pupz in quick-flowing

mountain stream.

Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14.2.1916. Alt.

2200 metres.

Paratype in British Museum.

Pupa.—The pupal filaments consist of fourteen branches

arising from seven main stems and branching dichotomously

a short ‘distance from the base. The filaments are very

strong in appearance, very dark and quite black at the apices,

which are sharp-pointed and very chitinous. Under a high

power the outer wall is seen to be covered with crescent-

shaped nodules, which are arranged in rows over the entire

surface. The pupa is described from specimens containing

adult males dissected out and compared with type. They

were also collected from the same locality on the same date.

Simulium meduseformis, sp. Ni.

(PLATT. fig. 6); el Vee es)

Male.— Length 2 mm.

Antenne black, covered with fine short grey pubescence,

the two basal segments dirty yellow. Thorax velvet-black

covered with thick light golden pubescence (in the type-

specimen some of the pubescence has been rubbed off),

especially thick at the sides. Plewre brown with silver

sheen, lacking the patch of soft hairs near the spiracle.

Wings hyaline, radius unforked. Addomen velvet-black,

first segment with long fringe of golden-brown hairs, a

diagonal broad patch of iridescent silver-grey on the sides

about the fifth and sixth segments; a fringe of long shining

pale yellow hairs arises from the margins of the ventral

sclerites, covering the sides of the abdomen on the first five

Species of African Simuliide. 17

segments ; the ventral surface of the abdomen brown, with

blue-grey iridescence. Legs: front legs, coxe dark

purple-brown ; femora dark purple-brown just at apex

covered with light yellow pubescence; tibie, dark brown

front, basal two-thirds covered with shining silver pubes-

cence ; tarsi all black. Hind legs: coxe black; femora

purple-black ; tibiz, basal third covered with shining golden-

yellow hair, remainder purple-black ; tarsi, black first

tarsal joint paler in middle, second joint with excision near

base. Genitalia : basal pieces large; claspers large, rather

tapering, with two finger-like processes at apex ; anal plates,

side-pieces small, with very few strong bristles ; centre plate

small with no bristles ; adminiculum rather oblong with

peculiar rows of stout spines running diagonally mesad

across the lower end of pouch; arms strongly chitinous,

ending mesally in two groups of very strong black spines,

surrounded by a spiny membrane.

Female.—Length 2°3 mm,

Head : frons and face silver-grey ; antennze black with fine

short silver pubescence, the two basal segments pale yellow.

Thorax dark greenish black covered with golden pubescence,

silver pubescence laterad on the shoulders. Pleure brown-

grey pollinose, lacking the patch of solf hair on the mem-

branous patch near spiracle. Abdomen black, heavily covered

with long thick matted golden pubescence, which turns silver

at the sides, first segment with a fringe of long pale hairs.

Legs : front legs, cox black, femora black, front covered

slightly with silver pubescence ; tibize, basal two-thirds silver,

apical third black ; tarsi entirely black ; hind legs, cox

black, femora and tibize purple-black with silver pubescence ;

tarsi, first tarsal joint black at point of base, following two-

thirds yellow, devoid of pubescence, black at point of apex,

remainder of tarsi black ; second tarsal joint with excision at

base ; claws simple.

Type-locality. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 2. 14. 1916.

Alt. 2200 metres.

Hab. Bred from pupe in swift-flowing mountain streams,

Not found biting.

Paratypes in British Museum.

Loc. Top of Table Bay, Capetown, S. Africa. Specimens

_of pupe obtained Dec. 7, 1912, by K. H. Barnard in Brit.

Museum.

One male dissected from pupa shows the same male

genitalia as type.

Pupa.—Pupal filaments with unique secondary filaments

arising from main trunks. ‘The main branches are as

78 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

follows :—first main branch rather weak, consisting of four

long filaments arising dorsally from the stem at intervals ;

the remaining branches consist of four very stout finger-like

processes, very dark in colour, with secondary filaments of a

pale colour arising from them as follows :—from first finger

two long filaments arise together from the base, about half-

way up towards the apex a single long filament arises, and

near the apex another long filament, making four secondary

filaments in all; from the second finger two filaments arise

from the base, a third about halfway up, a fourth two-thirds

and a fifth a short distance from the apex; from the third

finger only two filaments arise, one about two-thirds up and

the other a short distance from the apex; the last finger is

not so thick as the preceding and is devoid of secondary fila-

ments. Pupa described from specimens containing male

adults dissected out and compared with type. The pup

were also collected from the same locality and on the same

date as adult type.

Simulium aureosimile, sp. 0.

(PIARLL fie ¥ 3 Pl V Stig? 42)

Male.—Antenne brown. Thorax thickly covered with

rich red-golden pubescence. Pleure brown, lacking patch

of soft hair. Wings: radius unforked. Legs: front legs,

cox pale yellow ; femora pale yellow covered with light

golden hair ; tibie, basal two-thirds yellow, apical third

brown ; tarsi all black. Hind legs: cox black ; femora,

basal two-thirds yellow, apex black ; tibiz, basal two-thirds

yellow, apex black ; tarsi black, second tarsal joint with ex-

cision at base. Genitalia: basal pieces large ; claspers less

than length of basal pieces with single finger-like process at

apex of clasper ; aual plates not as large as claspers, with 18—

20 strong bristles at apex ; centre plate rather small, devoid

of bristles ; adminiculum very broad; the pouch very

narrow, constricted, with many small bristles; arms end

mesially in a single very prominent spine divided and

thickened at base.

Hab. Bred from pupe found in slow-moving stream. ‘The

pup were attached to grass-blades and vegetation.

Loc. Baliben, Kamerun, W. Africa, 10. 1. 1916.

Type in British Museum. Described from a single adult

and some specimens dissected from pupa.

Female.— Thorax dull black, sparsely covered with light

golden pubescence. Pleure@ brown, lacking the patch of

soft hairs. Wings: radius unforked. Addomen dull brown.

Species of African Simuliidee. 79

Legs: front legs black with traces of pubescence, coxe and

femora yellow; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, apical third

black; tarsi all black. Hind legs: coxe black; femora pale

yellow, black at apex; tibicz, basal third yellow, remainder

black ; tarsi all black ; second tarsal joint with excision at

at base ; ; claws with very large projecting tooth at base.

Described from a single specimen reared from pupa and

others dissected from pupa. The very conspicuous feature

of the species is the yellowness of the upper part of the legs

and the tooth-like process at the base of the claw.

Hab. Bred from pupa in slow-moving stream. Alt. 1000

metres. Not found biting.

Loc. Baliben, Kamerun, W. Africa, 10. 1. 1916.

Pupa.—The pupal filaments are four in number. The

first two branches arise from the main stem near the base.

The third branch divides dichotomously a short distance from

the base. The filaments are very similar to those of S. aureum,

Fries, and to S. dracteatum, Coq., but differ in the way they

arise from the main stem. The pupa were determined from

specimens containing male adults dissected out and compar ed

with type.

Simulium unicornutum, sp.u. (Pl. III. fig. 2.)

Pupa.—Length 2-2°3 mm.

The pupal filaments are of a very unique character, con-

sisting of a single horseshoe-shaped tube, rather more

prominent cephalically, situated either side of the thorax.

‘The filament, the cephalic portion of which is about 1 mm,

in length, is attached at the usual position on the thorax

aud the tubular extension leading from the base is present.

One of the specimens contained a male imago, but not

‘sufficiently well developed to permit of an accurate descrip-

tion. The writer is of the opinion, however, that the very

remarkable formation of the pupal filaments is sufficient to

warrant its description as a new species.

Described from six specimens. Type in the British

Museum.

Hab. Slow-moving mountain stream, attached to grass-

blades.

Loc. Balibo, Kamerun, W. Africa, 12.12.1916. Altitude

about 2000 metres.

Simulium damnosum, & , Theobald.

(Er EIT. fie. 43 PREV. fig. 5.)

Male.—Length 2 mm.

Antenne dark brown with grey pubescence. Thorau :

80 On new Species of African Simuliide.

general colour lustrous slate-blue, with a broad black median

stripe and a broad black stripe on either side concave out-

wardly, abbreviated toward basal margin. Pleure slate-grey,

lacking patch of soft hair near prothoracic spiracle. Addo-

men velvet-black, first segment with fringe of dark golden-

brown hair, sides of abdomen with diagonal stripe of per-

laceous blue. Legs: front legs, coxe black; femora and

tibie dark brown, with front of shining silver ; tarsi very

broad and black. Hind legs: coxe and femora black ;

tibia black, basal third shining silver; tarsi, first tarsal

joiut shining silver, black at apex, remainder of tarsal joints

black ; second tarsal joint with excision near base. Genitalia:

basal pieces about the same length as the claspers, having

the apex of the outer lateral margin projecting very strongly,

covered with very stout black bristles ; claspers the same

length as the basal pieces, with a single finger-like process

at apex and rather pointed; anal plates—lateral pieces

prominent, with several strong bristles, centre piece broad ;

adminiculum V-shaped, covered with very stout small tri-

angular spines and a fringe of short hair at the apex of the

pouch ; arms—the arms end mesially in two masses of very

black chitinous spines, the general appearance rather like a

brush.

Pupa.—The filaments are rather pale and translucent in

structure. ‘They are composed of eight main lobes, bulbous

and finger-like. The cephalic and caudal lobes very broad

in the middle, pointed toward the apex. These two lobes

are very often found split up the ceatre. The remaining

six arise from the base of the main stem in pairs, and in

some specimens a short broad secondary finger-like filament

is present attached to one of the middle filaments, usually

the first cephalic pair, about halfway up. é

Described from specimens containing male imagos dis-

sected out aud compared with emerged adults, bred from

the same locality and at the same time.

Had. Swift-flowing mountain stream, attached to rocks in

large masses.

Loc. Morogoro, Conquered Territory, E. Africa, 24.11.

ONT:

No previous description of the male or pupa has been

published. The females bred from the same pupz were

compared with the type in the British Museum. The larva

will be described in a later paper.

Specimens placed in the British Museum Collection.

On British Oligocene Ants. 81

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate ILI.

Pupe of Simulium.

. Respiratory filaments of the pupa of Simulium aureosimile, sp. n.

. Respiratory filaments and upper portion of the pupa of Simulium

unicornutum, sp. 0.

. Stmulium cervicornutum, sp. n.

. Stmulium damnosum, Theobald.

. Simulium gilvipes, sp. u.

. Simulium meduseformis, sp. 1.

ke

S

Doro noe

Prats IV.

Genitalia of Stmlium,

. Simulium gilvipes, sp. 0.

. Simulium meduseformis, sp. 0.

. Simulium cervicornutum, sp. n.

. Simulium aureosimile, sp. nu.

. Simulium damnosum, Theobald.

hy

Of CO BO

V.—British Oligocene Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K,

DoNISTHORPE, F.Z.8., F.E.S.

[Plate V.] -

In my book on British ants (1915) I pointed out that two

wing-impressions from the Lower Purbecks of Durdlestone

Bay, considered by Westwood to belong to ants, and described

by him in 1854 as Formicium brodiet and Myrmicium heert,

had been shown by Handlirsch to belong to saw-flies. I also

stated that the remains of three genera—Myrmica, Pormica,

and Camponotus—were found in the Bembridge Limestone.

The latter statement was made on the strength of a short

note by P. B. Brodie on Tertiary fossil ants (1875) and a

list of genera given in a paper by Dr. Henry Woodward

(1879) on the authority of Mr. Frederick Smith of the ~

British Museum.

At the time I was not aware that there were in the British

Museum large collections of insects made by Brodie and

E. J. A’Court Smith from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight.

At the request of the officers of the Geological Department I

have since overhauled this collection, as well as a number of

British fossil insects belonging to Mr. R. W. Hooley from

the same source, and have arranged the specimens, as far

as I am able, into their different families. Of the numbers

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 6

82 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

attached to individual specimens, those following an “I” or

“Jn” are register-numbers of the Geological Department of

the British Museum. ‘These numbers are all in one series,

but the letter “I,” being subject to misapprehension, was

recently changed to ‘‘In.” It so happens that all the speci-

mens of the Brodie Collection (purchased in 1898) are denoted

by numbers following “1,”? and that those of A’Court Smith

Collection (though purchased in 1883) were registered later

under numbers following “In.” Specimens from Mr. Hooley’s

collection bear numbers following “ H.” The numbers in

brackets, with or without a letter, are those of my working

list.

A large proportion of these insects belong to the Formicidae,

and I find that the so-called Formica and Camponotus are

really species of Oecophylla. There are no specimens of

Myrmica, but one ant, which has “ Myrmica” written in

pencil on the matrix, belongs to a new genus. Several

specimens of a large wing marked “ Wing of Syrex” are

really the wings of a large species of Oecophylla described by

Cockerell as O. megarche. For, on December 11th, 1915

(after the publication of my ‘ Biitish Ants’), Professor

Cockerell published a paper on “ British Fossil Insects,” and

in it he described eight species of ants from the Oligocene of

the Isle of Wight, based on duplicate material rejected from

Brodie’s Collection, and now preserved in the United States

National Museum as part of the Lacoe Collection.

The locality in the Isle of Wight is Gurnet or Gurnard

Bay (both spellings appear in the maps), which lies a little to

the west of Cowes in the north of the island.

This deposit has been placed both in the Bembridge series

=Middle Oligocene, and in the Osborne series, which is

Lower Oligocene, as also are the deposits of Aix and the

Baltic amber. Cockerell thinks, however, that the Gurnet

Bay fossils indicate a more decidedly temperate climate, and

consequently an age a little later than that of the Baltic

amber. He suggests that there was, perhaps, a mud-spring,

with heated waters, into which the insects fell, possibly over-

come by gaseous emanations. Tle waters were not themselves

poisonous, as fragments of rock carry also multitudes of a

“species of Phyllopod Crustacean, the Branchipodites described

by Woodward (1879). Very many of the blocks I have

examined exhibit these crustaceans, and some are marked in

pencil “ Branchiopode.” Cockerell’s contention with regard

to the mud-spring is supported by the fact that nearly all

the ants I have examined are winged, and were probably

overcome by the vapours during their marriage flights.

British Oligocene Ants. 83

The ants described by Cockerell are as follows :—

Ponera hypolitha, represented by the middle of a fore wing

and one hind wing.

Dolichoderus britannicus, from a thorax with fore and hind

wing; petiole and part of gaster; also a lateral section

of a body.

anglicus, from the middle of a fore wing.

ovigerus, from the middle of a fore wing and part of

body.

Leptothoraw gurnetensis, from a nearly complete fore wing ;

also part of a larger one, described as a variety.

Oecophylla atavina, from part of body, fore and hind wing.

~—— perdita, from a complete fore wing ; another varying

somewhat ; also a small head and bit of thorax, and part

of a fore wing, described as a male.

megarche, from a large fore wing, not quite complete ;

a hind wing ; and head with large mandibles.

It is certainly unfortunate that Cockerell should have

restricted his studies to a few relatively inferior specimens of

these ants when such magnificent collections were available ;

but, of course, he could only make the best of such material

as he had before him. His descriptions are based chiefly on

measurements of the wings, their cells, and their veins, as

these are almost all he had to go by. Now, asis well known,

the wings of ants vary considerably, not only in the same

species [ Adolph (1880) examined a large number of male and

female -lcanthomyops ( Chthonolasius) umbratus, Ny|., taken by

him during a marriage flight, and found that over 80 per cent.

of the specimens varied in the neuration of their wings], but

even in the same individual—the cells and veins of the wings

on one side of the insect not agreeing with those on the other.

In Oecophylla, of which Cockerell had only five specimens, [

have examined and measured over two hundred and forty-five

specimens, and found them to differ in small measurements

spreading over a large range. It would, of course, be absurd

to give a separate name to each specimen that varied a little

from the others ; and itis almost impossible to decide where

to draw the line or even which insects belong to Cockerell’s

species.

The specimens examined by me appear to belong to thie

following subfamilies :—

PONERINAE: 4 genera and 4 species.

DOLICHODERINAE: 1 genus and 4 species.

CAMPONOTINAE: 3 genera and 6 species.

6*

84 Mr. Ht. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

Tt will thus be seen that I have been unable to detect any

species belonging to the other two subfamilies—Dorylinae and

Myrmicinae. As no species of the former subfamily occur in

the Baltic amber, their absence is not surprising here ; but

that no species of the latter are present is very curious.

There are also some thirteen specimens of whose genera I am

doubtful (some being only fragments), but in any case they do

not belong with certainty to the two subfamilies just mentioned.

These are numbered :—I. 8676, I. 8683, I. 8723, I. 8759,

I. 9520, I. 9624, 1. 9695, 1. 10129, 1. 10209, 1.102115

In. 17074 ; H. 127, and H. 334. Of these doubtful species

I sent drawings of the six most distincb specimens to my

friend Prof. Wheeler, and he has very kindly returned them

to me with suggestions as follows :—(a. 18) I. 9695 Cat-

aulacus?, 93; I. 10211 Dolichoderus? (Hypoclinea?), 2 ;

I. 10209 Liometopum?, 29; In. 17074 Liometopum?, g ;

H. 127 Liometopum?, 9 ; H. 334 Camponotus?, 8.

I do not propose to describe or figure these specimens, for

the excellent reasons given by Wheeler. He writes (in Uitt.,

10th Dec., 1919) :—“ In the case of the Florissant fossils L

shall not bother to describe or figure any specimens which are

not quite clear. I pursued this course with the Baltic amber

ants, of which I saw many that were indecipherable. If one

actually refers obscure fossils to a particular genus without

a query, they are dragged through the literature, and often

produce great confusion later by giving the impression that

certain genera were present in certain formations.”

Subfamily Powrrrwaz, Le Peletier.

Tribe EcTATOMMINI, Emery.

Genus SYNTAPHUS, nov.

(svvragos, buried in the same grave.)

‘Diagnosis. An Ectatommine with a spine on the epinotum.

Genotype. S. wheelert.

Syntaphus wheeleri, sp. n.

There are three pieces of rock which carry this species ;

two of them [I. 8744, I. 9936] exhibit the same specimen

bisected by the splitting of the block, and show the head,

thorax, and gaster, two legs, part of both antennze, and a

trace of the wings. On the third block [I. 9325] only the

head, thorax, and half of the fore wing are present (PI. V.

fig. 2). The head is pointed at the posterior corners and the

British Oligocene Ants. 85

epinotum is spined. Part of the integument remains on the

head and thorax in all three bits of rock, and the punctu-

ration is coarse and rugose as in Lthytidoponera, Stictoponera,

et al. The neuration of the wing is not very distinct, but a

discoidal and second cubital cell are present. The junction

between the thorax and gaster is not clear.

Long 5 mm.; head and thorax together 2°5 mm. ; discoidal

cell, which touches the second cubital cell, °5 mm.; first

cubital on discoidal *3 mm. ; second cubital at apex *2 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodre).

Holotype, (a. 12), I. 8744 (Pl. V. fig. 1), and its counter-

part (a. 13), I. 9936; paratype, (a. 11), I. 9325 (PI. V.

fig. 2). Allin Brit. Mus.

Named after my friend Professor W. M. Wheeler, in

recognition of his splendid work on the ants of the Baltic

amber (1914).

Tribe PONERINI, Forel.

Genus Euponera, Forel.

Subgenus Mesoponera, Emery.

Euponera (Mesoponera) crawleyi, sp. n.

Head, thorax, scale, gaster, one antenna, and traces of

several legs present.

The head is triangular but indistinct in detail, the jaws

and eyes not being indicated. The antenna is thickened

towards the apex. The scale is high and narrower at tlie

apex. The segments of the gaster fairly distinct, the first

seoment not strongly constricted.

Long 4 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, I. 8675, in Brit. Mus. (PI. V. fig. 3).

J have placed this specimen in Mesoponera with considerable

hesitation. It shows the lateral view and resembles specimens

of this genus when seen in profile. I have named the species

after my friend Mr. W. C. Crawley, in recognition of kind

suggestions made by him concerning these difficult fossil ants.

Mesoponera is widely distributed, occurring in Africa,

India, Australia, New Zealand, and America,

Genus Ponera, Latreille. @

Ponera minuta, sp. n.

This small ant appears to me to be a Ponera. The head

is raised in front, one fore and one hind wing are present ;

86 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

but the neuration is quite indistinguishable. The pedicel is

also indistinct. Traces of two legs are present.

Long 2 mm.; fore wing, long 2 mm.; hind wing, long

1:2 mm.; head, long +5 mm.; thorax ‘8imm.; gaster *7 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (D. 1), I. 9734 in Brit. Mus. (PI. V. fig. 4).

The Ponera atavia of the Baltic amber is said to be so

similar to the recent Ponera coarctata, which occurs in Britain,

that it is almost impossible to distinguish the two by any

satisfactory characters. It is a larger insect than P. minuta,

and measures about 3°6 mm. in length.

Genus EMPLASTUS, nov.

({u7\aords, imprinted.)

Diagnosis. A Ponerine with eyes small and. close .to the

base of the mandibles, mandibles without teeth.

Genotype. LE. emeryt.

Limplastus emery?, sp. n.

This specimen shows the head, which is distinctly outlined,

Pye of the thorax, part of one front wing, and traces of two

egs.

The species comes near to Myopias, Roger, but the man-

dibles, which in that genus possess two small teeth, appear

to be quite without teeth. The eyes are small and are placed

close to the base of the mandibles. Head 2 mm. long and

2°3 mm. broad ; transverso-medialis to basal corner of dis-

coidal cell *7 mm., discoidal cell, which touches the second

cubital, 1 mm. long ; second cubital cell, long 1:2 mm. ; first

cubital cell on discoidal *8 mm.; basalis on first cubital

‘3 mm.; second cubital cell at apex °6 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Tooley).

Holotype, (a. 30), H. 129, in coll. Hooley (PI. V. fig. 5).

Named in honour of Professor C. Emery, in recognition of

his valuable work on the ants of the Sicilian amber (1891),

and also for kindly pointing out to me the position of this

and some other species of these fossil ants, from sketches I

sent to him.

Only two species of Myopias are known; they occur in

Ceylon and New Guinea respectively, and both are very rare.

British Oligocene Ants. 87

Subfamily Dozronoperrvaz, Forel.

Tribe DOLICHODERINI, Emery.

Genus DoLIcHODERUS, Lund.

The genus Dolichoderus is very widely distributed now,

and oecurs in Europe but not in Britain. Only one genus

and species of the subfamily Dolichoderinae—Tupinoma

erraticum, Latr.—is found in Britain to-day.

From the Baltic amber Wheeler mentions nine species of

Dolichoderus, described from over five hundred and eighty

specimens. Cockerell based three species on four specimens

that he had before him from the Gurnet Bay deposit. The

wings of the latter species differ as follows:—In D. brit-

annicus the base of the radial cell is vertical and level with

the end of the second cubital cell, the latter touching both

the radial and the discoidal cells. In D. anglicus the second

cubital cell is petiolate above, not reaching the radial, and

also failing to reach the discoidal cell; I have not found any

specimens of this species among my material. In D. ovigerus

the base of the radial cell is vertical and practically level with

the end of the second cubital ceH; the latter touches tlie

radial cell, but fails to reach the discoidal cell.

Dolichoderus britannicus, Cockerell (1915, p. 483).

There are fifteen specimens which I refer to this species,

some being perfect wings, others complete bodies with parts

of wings, and some only fragments of wings. One deiilated

female [(a. 22), I. 8695], which is very like Cockerell’s

figure of a lateral section, may be a small specimen of this

species. In one large specimen [(a. 4), I. 10142] showing

the lateral aspect, the outline and segments of the body are

very clear, but only half the fore wing is present. One wing

[(a. 23), H. 279] appears to be a variety, for, though it agrces

in all other respects, the base of the radial cell is not level

with the end of the second cubital cell, but comes before it.

The measurements of tlle specimens are as follows :—Length

4°5-7 mm. ; fore wing, long 6-6°5 mm. ; transverso-medialis

to basal corner of discoidal cell *5-"7 mm.; basalis on first

cubital -3--5 mm.; discoidal cell, long “6-8 mm.; second

cubital cell, long *7-1°5 mm. ; radial cell, long 1°7-2 mm, ;

first cubital cell on discoidal *5—-7 mm.; second cubital,

width at apex *3—"6 mm,

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’Court Smith, and

LTooley).

88 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

Other specimens than those already mentioned are :—

1. $751, I. 9185, 1.10257, 140282, 1.'10345, Tn. ist

In. 17315, H. 114, H. 117, H. 262, H. 440, H. 497.

Dolichoderus ovigerus, Cockerell (1915, p. 484).

I consider the under-mentioned seven specimens to belong

to this species. The range of measurements is as follows :—

Length 4°5-6 mm.; fore wing, long 4°7-7 mm. ; transverso-

medialis to basal corner of discoidal cell, long *5—7 mm. ;

hasalis on first cubital cell *3 mm.; discoidal cell, long *6-

‘7 mm.; second cubital cell, long *7-L mm. ; radial cell, long

1:2-1'8 mm.; first cubital cell on discoidal 5-6 mm. ;

second cubital cell at apex ‘5-6 mm.; base of second cubital

to apical corner of discoidal *3-"5 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’ Court Smith, and

Tlooley).

I. 8861, I. 9198, I. 9347, I. 9354, I. 10348, In. 17274,

H. 374.

Dolichoderus vectensis, sp. Ne

The holotype shows outline of head, thorax, pedicel, and

gaster, and one leg complete ; trace of one fore wing showing

discoidal cell; and a bit of one antenna.

Head pointed behind; epinotum with a spine; petiole

large and pointed above ; gaster with segments very distinct.

Long 5-6 mm.; discoidal cell 5 mm. long; first cubital on

discoidal *3 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (a. 14), I. 9198, in Brit. Mus. (PI. V. fig. 6).

Dolichoderus gurnetensis, sp. Nn.

In the unique specimen the head is separated from the body,

but lies near it, and parts of a fore and hind wing are present.

The thorax, scale, and gaster, two perfect legs, and parts of

others can be seen.

The scale is large and high, the second cubital cell long,

and the discoidal cell, which touches it, oblong. The base of

the radial cell is slanting, not forming a straight line with

the apex of the second cubital cell. The insect measures

(with head) 5°5 mm. long; discoidal cell, long ‘7 mm. ;

second cubital cell, long 1 mm.; first cubital on discoidal

‘5 mm.; basalis on first cubital *3 mm.; second cubital cell

at apex ‘5 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (a. 17), I. 9755, in Brit. Mus. (Pl. V. fig. 7).

British Oligocene Ants. 89

Subfamily Campovorryae, Forel.

Tribe FORMICINI, Forel.

Genus LEUCOTAPHUS, nov.

{Acukés, white, ragos, tomb.)

Diagnosis. A Formicine with small head, very small dis-

coidal cell, and long cubital cell. The wings are similar to

those of Formica and Acanthomyops, but the discoidal cell is

much smaller in proportion and the cubitus and radius veins

join each other at the apex of the cubital cell—not a little

before it, as is usually the case with Formica and the subgenera

Donisthorpea, Chthonolasius, ete., of Acanthomyops.

Genotype. Leptothorax gurnetensis, Cockerell (1915).

Leucotaphus gurnetensis (Cockerell).

Syn. Leptothorax gurnetensis, Cockerell, 1915, p. 485, pl. lxv. figs. 4, 5.

Cockerell had before him only a not quite complete fore

wing and part of another (which he considered a variety) ;

and, as he himself writes, “‘ This seems to be a Leptothorav,

but I have only the wings to judge from.” Unfortunately

the fragments described by Cockerell will have to be the

holotypes of this species and variety. Many of the specimens

in the large series I have studied are nearly complete. Most

of the winged specimens present the lateral aspect, others the

dorsal, with the wings expanded. The wings are generally

complete and the neuration very distinct. The species is, of

course, a Camponotine, and not a Myrmicine, there being

only a single joint to the pedicel, which bears a scale, as in

Formica, Acanthomyops, ete.

L. gurnetensis closely resembles Formica primitiva, Heer

(1850), from the Oeningen beds; but, apart from the generic

distinction, it is much smaller.

I have seen some eight workers, nearly all of them

being on the same piece of rock as winged specimens. The

head is small, the scale distinct, and some parts of the legs

are present, but the general outline is not very clear. The

length is 2-2°7 mm. (Pl. V. fig. 80).

There is also what I consider to be the cocoon on the same

block as a winged ant of this species [(b. 71), I. 9343

(Pl. V. fig.8a)]. It measures 3 mm. in length and is shaped

as in Aeanthomyops. Whieler found cocoons with Formica

and Acanthomyops in the Baltic amber.

The variation in measurements of these ants is as follows :—

Length 2°5-3°5 mm. ; fore wing, long 2°8-3°7 mm,; hind

90 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on ©

wing, long 1°5-2°5 mm.; upper end of transverso-medialis to

lower end of basalis 1°5-2°5 mm.; lower side of discoidal

cell *2--3 mm. ; cubital cell, long -7-1 mm.

There are several larger specimens which may be the

females of this species, this sex being, on that view, larger

than the male, as in some of the subgenera of Acanthomyops;

some are deiilated, others winged. One specimen [(b. 106),

I. 10097)] is very perfect, showing well the segments of thie

thorax and gaster. It possesses the small head and discoidal

cell of the smaller specimens, as well as a similar wing-

neuration. Its measurements are:—Long 4:5 mm.; fore

wing 4 mm.; hind wing 3 mm.; transverso-medialis to

basalis *6 mm.; discoidal cell, lower side *3 mm.; cubital

cell, long 1:1 mm.

A few specimens possess a larger discoidal cell, and agree

with Cockerell’s var. a; in specimen (b. 64), a 9082, a

female 4°5 mm. in length, the lower side of the discoidal cell

is ‘7 mm. long.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’Court Smith, and

Hooley).

Plesiotype, (b. 72), I. 9756 (PI. V. fig. 8).

Ergatotype, (b. 56), I. 9744. Other workers, (b. 101),

£10248 3 (b.°109)5 1. 3688 ' s(b. 10797 fn 17250 ie ts)

£°8722'57 (b.109), 1. 9463'5°(b. P16), E. tes 52 (ba

H. 450.

Cockerell’s var. a is represented by: (b. 7), I. 81026 ;

(65:15), Tn. 17202); (b2 14), Snot 72938.

Other specimens :-—

I.: 7286, 8539, 8677, 8678, 8681, 8684, 8698, 8719, 8724,

8728, 8735, 8736, 8737, 8740, 8759, 8764, 8765, 8889, 8927,

8972 (b. 105, b. 113), 8994, 8999, 9013, 9037, 9039, 9142,

9163, 9168, 9184, 9218, 9231, 9242, 9246, 9250, 9266, 9275,

9281, 9285, 9295, 9299, 9332, 9351, 9353, 9356, 9369, 9386,

9406, 9511, 9526, 9578, 9584, 9593, 9632, 9653, 9667, 9677,

9718, 9723, 9746, 9751, 9762, 9763, 9774, 9778, 9796

(Pl. V. fig. 9), 9823, 9847, 9869, 9889, 9900, 9908, 9918,

9930, 9958, 9996, 10005, 10006, 10018, 10040, 10.03,

10120, 10123, 10127, 10185, 10215, 10256, 10258, 10265,

10341.

In. : 17066, 17084, 17106, 17175, 17181, 17203, 17213,

17227, 17250, 17281, 17318, 19602.

|e iad es as L226

Leucotaphus cockerelli, sp. n.

Two large specimens agree in structure and neuration with

British Oligocene Ants. 91

the genotype. They possess the small head, small discoidal

cell, long cubital cell, etc., but are considerably larger, and it

is, perhaps, best to treat them as a distinct species. One

[I. 9028] is a deiilated female, 5°5 mm, long; the other

[ I. 8517] is winged, and is 6 mm. long; fore wing 6 mm. ;

hind wing 3°55 mm. Although the neuration of the wing is

clear enough to show its correspondence with that of L. gurne:-

ensis, it is too indistinct for exact measurement.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (b. 115), I. 8517 (Pl. V. fig. 10).

Paratype, (b. 64), I. 9028.

Tribe OECOPHYLLINYT, Forel.

Genus OrcopuyLia, F. Smith.

This genus occurs at the present day in Africa, India (with

Ceylon ete.), Australia, and New Guinea. These ants are

famous on account of their interesting habit of employing

their larvee to sew together the leaves and other materials of

which their nests are constructed.

Wheeler (1914), in his most important work on- the ants

of the Baltic amber, mentions two species— O. brisckei, Mayr,

of which he had examined thirty-six workers and two males

(which he describes), and O. brevinodis, newly described from

a single worker. Kmery (1891) described the worker of

another species—O. sicu/a—from the Sicilian amber, and

Cockerell based three ntore species on five specimens from

the Isle of Wight deposit.

Oecophylla megarche, Cockerell (1915, p. 486).

Of the large series of Oecophylla I have seen from the

Gurnet Bay locality, forty-two specimens appear to belong to

this species.

Cockerell gives the length of the fore wing as 20°5 mm. ;

but his specimen, which unfortunately has to be the holotype,

is not complete. In the complete wings before me (some

uine specimens) the length varies from 22 to 24°5 mm., tlie

other measurements of the cells and veins varying in propor-

tion. ‘The upper section of the basalis is longer than that of

the lower, and the two sections are in a straight line. The

Jength of the hind wing described by Cockerell is 16 mm. ;

that of three hind wings which I have examinedis 18mm. It

may be worth while to mention that the length of the fore

wing in the modern Oecophylla smaragdina is about 16 mn.

and that of the hind wing 10 mm.

92 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

Cockerell describes the head of a female with long massive

jaws and part of the body. I have seen three deilated

females: one specimen [I. 8702] exhibits the head with

massive jaws, outline of thorax, petiole and gaster, and part

of the femora of all six legs. A number of eggs are visible

within the gaster. Its measurements are as follows :—Length

12°5 mm.; petiole 1:2 mm.; gaster, long 3°5 mm., broad

3 mm.; head, long 3 mm., broad 2°55 mm. The second

specimen [I. 8711] possesses the left intermediate leg com-

plete. It measures :—Length 12-7 mm.; head, long 3 mm.,

broad 2°6 mm. ; petiole 1°55 mm.; gaster, long 3°5 mm., broad

4mm. The third specimen [I. 9335] consists only of a

thorax, petiole, and part of the gaster with some of the

segments visible, and a bit of one femur. A specimen of

part of a winged female [In. 17313] shows the head with

large jaws and eyes, thorax with scutellum fairly distinct, and

traces of three wings, the petiole, and the two anterior legs.

The head is 3 mm. long and 2‘7 mm. broad.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’ Court Smith, Hooley).

Plesiotype (wing) (no. 63), I. 8882 (Pl. V. fig. 11) ;

plesiotype (deiilated 2) (no. 6), I. 8702 (Pl. V. fig. 12).

Other specimens :—

I.: 8335, 8705, 8708, 8711, 8797, 8806, 9151, 9548, 9655,

10368, 10386.

In.: 17085, 17115, 17233, 17241, 17243, 17273, 17313,

17342, 17416, 17418, 17419, 17420.

H;: 27 45-85, 97,98, 99,5000, 102,103,411) Tiss Aoi

327, 370, 392, 420, 483.

On one fragment of rock [ (68), I. 9613], bearing remains

of Oecophylla wings, are several specimens of what appear to

be workers. These are indistinct, but show the outline of a

head, thorax, petiole and gaster, and some legs, which may

well belong to Oecophylla. These ants are small, being only

3°5 mm. in length (the smallest worker of O. smaragdina in

my collection measures 4 mm.), and I am quite unable to

decide to which of Cockerell’s other species they should be

referred. I should say they were too small for O. megarche.

I have been quite unable to satisfy myself to which of

Cockerell’s other species the rest of the two hundred and

forty-five specimens of Oe¢ecophylla belong. They are all

smaller than specimens of O. megarche. A chart of the

measurements shows that they vary in every possible way—

in size, size of wings, and all other measurements. Nor does

it appear to me that any good purpose would be served by ©

creating a number of new species, which would probably

embrace or overlap Cockerell’s O. atavina and O. perdita.

British Oligocene Ants. 93

Tribe CAMPONOTINI, Forel.

Genus CAmMponotus, Mayr.

Subgenus CoLosopsis, Mayr.

Camponotus (Colobopsis) brodiei, sp. n.

One specimen appears to me to be a soldier of Colobopsis,

on account of the square anterior truncation of its head. The

head, thorax, scale, and gaster, three legs, and a part of one

antenna are present.

Length 4°5 mm.; head, long 1°7 mm.; breadth in middle

of head 1:3 mm., at apex *7 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (D. 2), I. 9551, on same block as an Occophylla ;

mi orit. Mas (Pl. V. fig. 13).

Wheeler (1914) described a new genus Dryomyrmex, with

two species, from the Baltic amber. At first he regarded

them as belonging to the subgenus Colobopsts of Camponotus,

but he found that the different structure of the antenne and

frontal carinz placed them near Aphomyrmex. Such cha-

racters as these are unfortunately not visible in specimens

imbedded in rock. He points out that the structure of the

head etc. shows that the ants lived in cavities of twigs, in

oak-galls, or in abandoned insect-galleries in solid wood, like

the species of Colobopsis.

WORKS REFERRED TO.

ApvotpH, HE. 1880. “ Ueber das Flugelgeider des Lasius umbratus,

Nyl.” Verh. Ver. Rheinl., xxxvii. pp. 35-53.

Broprg, P. B. 1895, “Tertiary Fossil Ants in the Isle of Wight.”

‘Nature,’ lii. p. 570.

CockERELL, T.D. A. 1915. “British Fossil Insects.” Proc. U.S.

Nat. Mus., xlix. pp. 469-499,

DonistHorPE, H. Sr. J. K. 1915. ‘ British Ants, their Life-history

and Classification.’ Plymouth: Brenden & Son, Ltd.

Emery, C. 1891. “Le Formiche dell’ ambra siciliana nel museo

mineralogico dell’ Universita di Bologna.” Mem. Ace. Se. Bologna,

v. pp. 141-165.

Teer, 0. 1850. “ Die Insektenfauna der Tertiirgebilde von Oeningen

und von Radoboj in Croatien.” Denkschr. Schweiz. Ges. Naturw.,

xi. pp. 1-264.

WeEstwoop, J. O. 1854. “Contributions to Fossil Entomology.”

Quart. Journ, Geol, Soc. Lond., x. pp. 378-896,

Wueetre, W.M. 1914. “The Ants of the Baltic Amber.” Schrift.

Physik-dkonom. Gesell. Konigsberg, Ixy. pp. 1-142.

Woopwarp, H. 1879. .‘On the Occurrence of Branchipus (or Chiro-

cephalus) in a Fossil State, associated with Lospheroma and with

numerous Insect Remains, in the Eocene Freshwater (Bembridge)

Limestone of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight.” Quart. Journ, Geol.

Soc, Lond., xxxv. pp. 542-350,

94 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. S. Kershaw on

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

The figures are drawn by Miss O. F. Tassart, with guidance from the

author’s sketches and under his direction.

The magnification given is linear and is only approximate.

F'g. 1. Syntaphus wheeler, sp. n., holotype. I. 8744. Wii

Fig. 2. Ditto, paratype. I. 9326. he

fig. 3. Euponera (Mesoponera) crawley?, sp. n., holotype.

I. 8675. ‘3.

Fig. 4. Ponera minuta, sp. n., holotype. 1. 9734. fs

Fig. 5. Emplastus emeryi, sp. n., holotype. H. 129, 2.

Lig. 6, Dolichoderus vectensis, sp. n., holotype. I. 9198. i

Lig. 7. Dolichoderus gurnetensis, sp. n., holotype. 9755

Fig. 8. Leucotaphus gurnetensis (Cockerell),

EE

; I

Ig 8a. Ditto, cocoon. E

fig. 86. Ditto, worker. il

Fig. 9. Ditto. I. 9796.

Fig. 10, Leucotaphus cockerelli, sp. n. I

Fig. 11. Ocvecophylla megarche, Cockerell, wing. I

Fig. 12. Ditto, deilated female. Ie

fig. 18. Camponotus (Colobupsis) brodiet, sp. n., holotype.

I. 9561.

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De PEEK OR PO IS OC KO XS

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> PHAIHWINORON a4

VI.—On a Collection of Mammals from the Dinka Country,

Bahr-el-Djebel. By Martin A. C. Hinton and P. 8.

KERSHAW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1918 and 1919 Major J. Stevenson Hamilton made a

collection of mammals from the banks of the Balr-el-Djebel,

northwards from Lado. He presented his specimens to the

Wellcome Research Laboratory at Khartoum, and they have

now been sent to the British Museum for determination.

‘The collection is one of considerable interest, and it materially

increases our knowledge of the fauna of this region.

1. Hidolon helvum, Kerr.

g. 181 (immature). Duk.

Dinka name “ Alik.”’

2. Nycteris hispida, Schreb.

gd. 79, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89; 9. 80, 81, 82. Kon-

cor, 60 miles north of Bor.

3. 95, 96,97. Duk Fagwil, Dinka Country.

g. 157, 158. Duk Fadiat.

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 95

3.91; 29. 90,92. Dinka Country, 40 miles north of

Bor.

Dinka name “ Alik.”’

3. Rhinolophus fumigatus eloquens, K. Andersen.

9.119. Yei, Lado Enclave, 70 miles west of Nile and

150 miles from Lake Albert.

4, Lavia frons afinis, And. & Wrought.

go. 56, 57,60; 9. 58,61. Mongalla.

ret 45. Ehk:

9. 190. Conglei.

Dinka name “ Alik.”’

Generally found in trees, but occasionally in huts. The

contents of the stomachs of two specimens were examined,

aud found to consist’ of mosquitos and small flies.

5. Cherephon pumilus, Cretasch.

3. 23, 35, 50, 51, 55,65; 2. 9a, 52,53,63. Mongalla.

tO er IT TAS) 9 112, Lids) Bor:

¢. 96 (mummy).

All caught in houses or huts.

6. Taphozous hamiltoni, Thos.

?. 118 (the type). Mongalla.

This species was described from this collection by Mr.

‘Thomas last January (supra, p. 142).

7. Crocidura nyansw, Neumann.

3. 72, 125, 127, 138, 143; 2. 136, 146, 185. Bor.

9.44. Mongalla.

The material is not sufficient to allow of more precise

determination.

8. Crocidura sericea, Sund.

9.18. Badigeru Swamp, east of Mongalla.

9. 25, 37. Mongalla.

orto s E> bIOLETT.: Duk.

vy

Dinka name “ Y Zin.”

9. Crocidura turba nilotica, Heller.

7. Badigeru Swamp, east of Mongalla.

. 29. Mongalla.

96 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. 8. Kershaw on

10. Croctdura lutrella, Heller.

3. 2,66. Mongalla.

11. Genetta stuhlmanni, Matsch.

2156 30:92) 150k:

. 99. Duk Fagwil.

ids DOK

inka name “ Angong ;”’ Nuer name “ Ngong.”

40 40 Oy

12. Genetta equatorialis, Heugl.

3. 39, 73. Mongalla.

9.41. Luri River, 10 miles west of Lado.

13. Civettictis civetta, Schreb.

133. Bor.

14. Herpestes ichneumon, Linn.

3. 54,64. Mongalla.

9. 149, 151, 152. Duk.

Nuer name ‘ Lunchi.”

It is possible that these should be referred to Osgood’s

H. i. funestus ; the following are the dental measurements of

no. 64:—canine to ™3 34:2 mm; 2? 5:3x2°8; 2* 10:3;

pu OT 6 ag OKs

15. Herpestes sanguineus, Riipp.

3. 26. Mongalla.

16. Ichneumia albicauda leucura, Hemp. & Ehr.

Ge veces 4295, DOr.

A skin collected at Khartoum by Mr. H. H. King.

The Khartoum specimen is small, light-coloured, with a

white tail, Those from Bor are large, dark-coloured, with

black tails; their cranial and dental measurements are as

follows :—

Condylo-basal Canine

length, [10 SS ea EE m. 2»

128 see 105 4] 98 8-4 66x41 mm.

14S ates 101°8 39°2 9-2 8:1 63x39

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 97

17. Mungos gotneh, Fitz.

6. 93. Bor.

9.182. North of Bor.

Dinka name “ Ador.”

Pocock (P. Z. 8. 1916, p.349) has shown that the African

banded mongooses are not congeneric with Crossarchus, and

he therefore revived Gray’s Ariela for their reception. But

quite recently Allen (Journ. of Mamm. i. p. 27) has recalled

the fact that the genus Alungos was primarily established

upon an African banded monyouse. Therefore Jungos

becomes the generic name of the animal called in recent years

“ Crossarchus fasciatus’? and its allies; while the time-

honoured Herpestes is restored to the true mougooses,

18. Canis thooides, Hiltz.

Se 194, Bor:

For the determination of this specimen we are indebted to

Mr. Thomas. It has been transferred to the National Collec-

tion by the Wellcome Research Laboratory, and it is a note-

worthy accession, because thisinteresting Jackal was previously

unrepresented in the British Museum.

19. Heliosciurus multicolor madoge, Heller.

2a. A skin collected by Mr. J. H. Miller at Kajo Kaji, on

the west bank of the Balr-el-Djebel, 15 or 20 miles from the

river and 60 miles south of Kejaf.

Practically topotypical.

20. Taterona benvenuta, sp. n.

. 47; 2. 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 33, 34, 48, 49. Mongalla.

. 94. 40 miles north of Bor. :

. 98; 2.100. Duk Fagwil.

. 164, 168, 178, 180. Duk.

7 202. lane.

Dinka name “ Ayom.” Caught in grass and undergrowth.

The following specimens, presented by Mr. A. L. Butler to

the British Museum, are also referable to this species :—

g. 8. 7.13.3. Bor; collected by Dr. Wenyon.

? ad. andjuv. 8. 4. 2. 20-21. Chak-chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Hab.—Bahr-el-Djebel ; ranging south to Lake Albert and

west to the neighbourhood of Dem Zubeir, Balir-el-Ghazal.

Type.—An adult female (B.M. 20.4.26.27; original no. 40)

collected at Mongalla, Jan. 18, 1918, by Major J. Stevenson

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. t

+0 OF OF O, OY

98 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. S. Kershaw on

Hamilton; presented to the British Museum by the Wellcome

Research Laboratory.

Deseription.—This is a medium-sized sober-hued species,

differing externally from 7. robusta and its allies by having

no tuft to the tail and in its skull by the more nearly ortho-

dont incisors and truncated rostrum, the nasals ending almost

flush with the anterior surfaces of the incisors instead of

projecting noticeably beyond them.

Size medium (average of ten adults: head and body

138 mm. ; tail 155; hind foot 32).

Tail clothed throughout with short stiff hairs (black or

dark brown above, pure white below), which do not com-

pletely conceal the annulations on the upper surface. At

the tip these hairs become a little longer and finer, projecting

for 2 to 3 mm. beyond the last vertebra; but there is no

pencil or dorsal fringe as in robusta or macropus.

Colour of upper surface much duller than in the species

with fringed tails. Ground-colour near “clay-colour,” much

darkened by black hair-tips on top of head and along mid-

dorsum ; gradually brightening on flanks to dull buff.

Underparts sharply contrasted, pure white. Feet and hands

white above. ‘T'ail dusky above, dirty white below.

kull.—With nearly orthodont, rather broad, shallowly

grooved upper incisors. Anterior blades of premaxille,

between incisors and nasals, little developed. Nasals rela-

tively short, not projecting far in advance of anterior ‘faces of

liicisors 3 occipito-nasal and nasal lengths respectively equal

to 108-110 °/, and 43-45 °/, of condylo-incisive length ; in

robusta the corresponding dimensions are equal to 114-115 °/,

and 49-52 °/,. Brain-case relatively narrow and deep.

Dimensions of type and of no, 94 (an old ¢, in parentheses) :—Head

and body 169 (158) mm. ; tail 175 (—-); hind foot (on skins) 34 (35) ;

ear 19 (21).

Skull: condylo-incisive length 37°2 (89:7); occipito-nasal length 41:1

(42°8); nasals 16°63:9 (17'°3X3'8); zygomatic breadth 20-8 (—);

interorbital breadth 6:1 (6:5); cranial width 16:8 (16°8) ; median occi-

pital depth: 10-9 (11:1) ; bullae 11-6 x 6:8 (127); dental length 20°6 (22) ;

molars (crowns) 6'3 (6°4).

Remarks.—One of us lately has been paying much atten-

tion to this difficult genus. In the countries bordering the

Nile and in East Africa Taterona shows a tendeucy to split

into two well-marked groups. In one of these groups the

tail is fringed and the coloration usually bright or intense ;

and these external characters are correlated with protruding

nasals, large premaxillary outgrowths, opisthodont incisors,

and small cheek-teeth. lo the other the tail has no fringe

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 99

and the colour is dull, while the skull has a truncated rostrum,

with short nasals and small premaxillary outgrowths, ortho-

dont incisors, and large molars. TJ. robusta (including

murinus, Sund.), macropus, nigricauda, and mombase are

typical members of the first group ; while benvenuta, flavipes,

soror, and liodon (with its nearest allies) are representative of

the second. In South Africa the distinction between the two

groups seems to break down or is less marked. This may,

however, be merely an appearance, for it is possible that one

o! the two groups may be missing from the country south of

the Zambezi. If such be the case, the group actually present

there must fill all the accommodation available for the genus ;

aud therefore it would not tend to be specialized in either of

tle two directions as is necessitated elsewhere by competition.

Tie absence of rivals weakens allegiance.

T. flavipes and soror, described from the banks of the Blue

Nile by Mr. G. M. Allen, are clearly nearly related to ben-

venuta. In the absence of material from the Blue Nile we

are unable to make a proper comparison ; flavipes is, how-

ever, a considerably larger form than ours, while sorer would

seem to be smaller, brighter in colour, and to have relatively

smaller bullee.

We would take this opportunity to describe

21. Taterona benvenuta lucia, subsp. n.

flab —Musisi River, Lake Albert. Altitude 2400 feet.

Type.—An old female (B.M. 11. 12. 9. 34), collected with

a male in February 1911, and presented to the British

Museum by Mr. Gilbert Blaine.

This differs from the typical form of the Bahr-el-Djebel by

its smaller size, shorter tail, and darker colour.

With regard to the difference in size, the hind foot

measures 30-31 mm., instead of about 34 as in adults of thie

typical form ; and the condylo-incisive length of the very old

female skull is 37°8 instead of about 40 mm.

‘he tail is about equal to the length of the head and body,

instead of being appreciably greater. The back is much more

completely and extensively darkened by the black hair-tips

than in true benvenuta.

Skull.—General form asin true benvenuta, but smaller and

with relatively broader brain-case; incisors with sull weaker

grooves.

Dimensions of the type and ¢ (in parentheses) :—Head and body 150

(151) mm.; tail 151 (152) ; hind foot 30 (81); ear 19 ae

i

100 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. 8S. Kershaw on

Skull: condylo-incisive length 37:8 (386°9) ; occipito-nasal length 40-7

(40:2) ; nasals 17-2 x 4:5 (16 x 4:1) ; zygomatic breadth 20:8 (20°3) ; inter-

orbital breadth 6°8 (6°4); cranial width 17:1 (17:1); median occipital

depth 10:7 (104) ; bull 11:3 x 6-7 (11:3 x 6-9) ; dental length 21:1 (20°6) ;

molars (crowns) 6°3 (6:7),

22. Taterillus emint, Thos.

¢. 132. Aliab Country, west of Nile. Caught in forest

near river,

23. Cricetomys gambianus, subsp. ?

195. Loka, west of Rejaf.

No skull. One of the harsh-furred group.

-

24. Rattus alghazal, Wrought.

@. 42. Luri River, 10 miles west of Lado.

2. 43. lLuaba, 2 miles west of Lado. ‘

25. Rattus (Mastomys) sp.

Gd. 159; 160,161, 162, 165, 166, 167; lio; iro) oe

Q.. 154, 155, 163, 169, 172, 1v¥4: Dunk.

6.47, 101,402,107, 110,440,184, 186349 (Aries

105, 181, 144. Bor.

» 4,13, 16a; 31,117; 2. 15,32: \Mongalla.

. 183. Aliab Country, west of Nile, opposite Bor.

. 184. Kenisa.

. 141. Rengko.

. 148. Kongor.

. 40. Luri Kiver, 10 miles west of Nile, near Lado. .

Dinka name “Lok” (that given for 148 is “Kun”’). Cap-

tured in or near villages.

+0 +0 40 +0 +00,

26. Grammomys macmillant gazelle, Thos.

3. 36. Mongalla ; captured in long grass.

2.139. Bor; captured in forest about 1 mile from river.

27. Leggada bella (subsp. ?).

dg. 122. Kenisa, Bahr-el-Djebel.

9. 20: ake

Caught in grass near forest.

These differ a good deal from each other and may represent

distinct subspecies.

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 101

28. Acomys wilsoni argillaceus, subsp. n.

38. Mongalla.

9.108. Bor.

Type.—B.M. 20. 4. 26.15, original no. 38. Collected

2nd June, 1918, by Major Stevenson Hamilton ; presented

to the National Collection by the Wellcome Research

Laboratory.

Captured in scrub and undergrowth.

Size a little less than in Acomys wilsoni, Thos., from which

it also differs in its less rufous colouring. Spines thick,

annulated, their extreme tips being “ seal-brown,” succeeded

by a broad band of “clay-colour,” which is followed by

“f orey ” (no. 6, Ridgway) to the base. General colour very

similar to that of A. w. ablutus, Dollm., but lighter owing to

the clay-coloured annulations being broader in our animal.

Skull very much as in A. wilsont, conspicuously larger

than in A. w. ablutus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—Head and body

76 mm.; tail 51; hind foot 12; ear 10. :

_ Skull, type and no. 108 (in parentheses) : condylo-incisive length 22-4

(232) ; occipito-nasal Tength 24°6 (—) ; zygomatic breadth 12:1 (12'1) ;

interorbital constriction 4°5 (4°5); breadth of brain-case 11:1 (11:1);

length of anterior palatal foramina 6 (5:7); dental length 11°8 (12);

molars (crowns) 3°5 (38).

Remarks.—This member of the wi/soni group is geographi-

cally isolated, its nearest neighbours on the north and south

being A. witherbyi and A. hystrella, from both of which it

differs widely in size and colour.

29. Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens, Wr.

Gin6, ty 5 909 39> 3,5, 10, 10,12, 13,14, 30,-45,, 46,

124. Mongalla.

fe 10s, 10as 12an1265 9:5, 104, 135, 137.) Bor.

30. Lemniscomys zebra, Heugl.

. 16,19. Badigeru Swamp, 20 miles east of Mongalla.

. 62. Mongalla.

bets Rejaf.

+0 OY OY

102 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the

VIL.—The Specws of Pedetes inhabiting Angola.

By Martin A. C. Hinton.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE existence of a jumping hare in Southern Angola has

long been known. Peters (P. Z. 8S. 1865, p. 400) referred an

imperfect skin, collected by Dr. Welwitsch in the district of

Golungo Alto, to Pedetes caffer; and later Bocage (Journ.

Sci. math.-phys. nat. Lisboa, (2) no. v. (1890) p. 19) stated

that “* M. de Anchieta l’a rencontrée 4 Humbe, sur le bord du

Cunene, ot elle ne doit pas étre rare, car notre voyageur nous

a envoyé de cette localité trois individus adultes.” No other

information has been published about the Angolan springhaas,

and no material has reached the British Museum hitherto.

Thanks to the kindness of Mr. E. Sanders, of the British

Mission at Bilié, the National Collection has been enriched

recently by the skins of two females, one of the skins being

accompanied by a fine skull. These specimens were obtained

at Cholinde, a place 20 miles N.E. of Bihé; they come,

therefore, from a district far to the north of that which

yielded the material mentioned by Peters and Bocage.

Mr. Sanders’s specimens prove that the Angolan animal is

a close relation of P. caffer, being, with the latter, sharply

differentiated from the Hast-A frican surdaster by the characters

of the skull. But in colour it is far darker than any of the

subspecies of P. caffer, and the skull is of peculiarly long and

narrow form. It must therefore be referred to a distinct

species, which may be called

Pedetes angola, sp. n.

Type.—An adult female (B.M. 19. 12. 19. 1) collected at

Cholinde, 20 miles N.E. of Bilé, Angola, and presented to

the British Museum by Mr. E. Sanders.

In size, external characters, and skull (as regards the form

of the anterior palatal region and the development of the

internal ear) closely agreeing with P. caffer, differing from

the latter chiefly in its darker colour, harsher fur, and longer

“and narrower skull.

Fur noticeably harsher than in coffer. General colour of

upper parts darker, between duil “tawny ochraceous” and

“ Sudan brown,” darkened on top of muzzle and head by

numerous black hair-tips, and dulled on the back by the

Species of Pedetes inhabiting Angola. 103

partly visible slaty bases of the hairs. A light area invades

the flank-colour from below just in front of the thighs, as in

caffer. Under parts less pure white than in cafer, the fur

noticeably thinner and harsher. Hands and feet as in caffer.

Colour of upper surface of proximal three-fourths of tail pure,

not darkened by dark hair-tips, the tint being between dull

“tawny ochraceous” and “Sudan brown” ; lower surface

of same region of tail dirty white, tinged with brown, many

of the hairs towards the root of the tail having slaty bases.

Terminal fourth of tail black above and below.

Skull longer and relatively narrower than in P. caffer, the

zygomatic arches being considerably less expanded ; zygo-

matic and greatest squamosal breadths respectively equal to

69°6 °/, and 56 °/, of the condylo-basal length ; in caffer

(fourteen skulls belonging to three subspecies examined) the

zygomatic breadth varies between 72°3 and 78:3 °/., the

greatest squamosal breadth between 56°7 and 63°2 °/, of the

condylo-basal length. The petro-mastoid is rather more

inflated than in cajfer, for the least distance between the

bullae upon the upper surface of the skull amounts to no more

than 26°6 °/, of the greatest squamosal breadth; the average

value of this dimension in all forms of cajer is 31°7 °/,, the

range being 28°5 to 84:7 °/,. The anterior border of the

interparietal is but slightly convex, almost straight, not

thrown forwards as a strong process intercalated between tlie

parietals, as is the case in caffer and surdaster, On the

ventral surface the lateral flanges of the basioccipital, abutting

against the median surfaces of the auditory bullee, are much

less developed than in caffer; there are two small foramina—

one behind the other—in the middle line of the basisphenoid,

and a larger irregular vacuity in the basioccipital. The

fossa containing the anterior palatal foramina is as deep and

extensive as in cafer. In profile the maxillary portion of the

outer wall of the infraorbital canal is considerably broader

antero-posteriorly than in any other Pedefes before me. In

caffer and in surdaster the hinder part of the jugal bears a

well-marked impression for the origin of the “ postero-

superior almost horizontal” portion of the masseter lateralis

muscle (figured by Tullberg, 'l'af. x. fig. 8), and the ventral

border of the bone is produced downwards and backwards to

form a well-marked angular process ; in ango/@ the muscular

impression in question is very feebly developed, while the

angular process is lacking. The cheek-teeth offer no tangible

differences. The upper incisors are a little less opisthodont

than in caffer, but, owing to the irregular form of the incisive

104 Mr. C. T. Regan on new

alveolus in this genus, the incisive angle is difficult to

measure satisfactorily.

Dimensions of the skull * —Condylo-basal length 80°8 mm.; oecipito-

nasal length 92'4; zygomatic breadth 56-1; greatest squamosal breadth

452; least distance between periotics on dorsal surface 12; nasals

35°3 X 21'5; dental length 50°6; cheek-teeth at grinding-surface 17-4.

VIL .—Tnree new Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory.

By C. Tate Reaan, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THe fishes described below form part of a collection made.at

Morogoro, Tanganyika Territory, by Mr. A. Loveridge, and

have been presented by kim to the Natural History Museum.

Labeo loveridget, sp. n.

Body compressed; depth 4 in the length; length of head

1, Snout obtusely pointed, strongly projecting beyond

mouth, somewhat swollen, with scars of tubercles and with a

curved transverse groove above, its length not quite 4 leneth

of head. Eyes supero-lateral ; diameter 5 in lcngth of head ;

interorbital width 24, width of mouth 22 in length of head,

Inner surface of lips with transverse plice ; lower bordered

“in front with a fringe of papillee ; rostral flap free at the sides,

its edge crenulate ; barbel minute, hidden. Dorsal 12, with

9 branched rays, equidistant from end of snout and base of

caudal; upper edge concave ; third simpleand first branched

yay a little longer than head. Anal 8, with 5 branched rays.

Pectoral nearly as long as head, not reaching pelvic, the first

ray of which is below the fourth branched ray of dorsal.

Caudal deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle 14 as long as

deep. 38 scales in lateral line, 5} from origin of dorsal to

lateral line, 4 between lateral line and pelvic fin, 16 round

caudal peduncle.

A single specimen, 195 mm. long.

This species is near L. forskali and L, cylindricus, which

have a wider mouth and the snout broadly rounded.

* Tam unable to give external measurements.

Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory. 105

Barbus aphantogramma, sp. n.

Depth of body 34 to 32 in the length, length of head 34

to 4. Snont as nie as a shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 34 to 4 in ‘Jength of head; interorbital width 23.

Mouth small terminal; one barbel on each side, its eneth

about 4 diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-11, equidistant from

eye and base of caudal ; third ray a serrated spine, about 2

length of head ; free edge of fin straight. Anal 8. Pectoral

2 to ? length of head, not reaching pelvics, which are in

advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1% to 2 as long as deep.

Scales radiately striated, 21 to 23 ina (eee series, 6

or 7 between dorsal and pelvic, 10 round “caudal peduncle ;

lateral line absent, or reduced to 2 or 3 anterior scales with

tubules. A dark lateral stripe ; a dark spot at origin of

dorsal, another at origin of anal, a third at base of caudal ;

fins pale.

Ten specimens, 30 to 38 mm. in total length.

Near B. apleurogramma, Bouleng., from Lake Victoria,

which has 25 scales in a longitudinal series and 8 round the

caudal peduncle, a longer dorsal spine, and a different

coloration.

PAREUTROPIUS, gen. nov.

_ Differs from Hutropius only in the smaller dorsal fin, of a

slender spine and three branched rays.

Pareutroptus micristius, sp. n.

Depth of body 4 to 43 inthe length, length of head 5} to 6.

Mouth terminal or on slightly projecting, as fone as

diameter of eye, which is 34 to 3} in length of head. Band

of teeth on palate continuous or narrowly interrupted in the

middle. Nasal barbel 2 to ? length of head, maxillary and

outer mandibulary longer than head, inner mandibulary about

4 length of head. 12 “gill. rakers on lower part of anterior

anal, Dorsal I 3, small, well in advance of pelvics; spine

slender, feebly serrated, 2 4 to 2 length of head. Anal 53-55.

Pectoral nearly or quite reaching pelvics. Caudal deeply

forked. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. Brownish

(in spirit) ; a dark spot above pectoral fin; a dark stripe

along lateral line and another above anal fin.

Seven specimens ; total length 75-100 mm.

106 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

IX.—Descriptions of Three new Frogs in the Collection of

the British Museum. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Rana hymenopus.

Vomerine teeth in long, transverse, slightly arched, oblique

series between the choane, originating at the anterior corners

of the latter and terminating on a line with their posterior

borders. Head a little broader than long, much depressed ;

snout rounded, scarcely projecting, a little longer than the

eye; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region very oblique ;

nostril a little nearer the eye than the tip of the snout; inter-

orbital width three-fourths that of the upper eyelid; tympanum

very distinct, two-thirds the diameter of the eye. Fingers

rather slender, obtusely pointed, first and second equal ;

subarticular tubercles rather large and very prominent.

Hind limb rather slender ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching

the tip of the snout, heels overlapping when the limbs are

folded at right angles to the body; tibia 44 times as long as

broad, 18 times in length of head and body ; toes slender,

obtusely pointed, half-webbed, three phalanges of fourth and

two of third and fifth free; outer metatarsals united in the

basal half ; subarticular tubercles moderately large and very

prominent ; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, very prominent,

one-third the length of the inner toe; no outer tubercle.

Skin smooth ; a glandular fold from below the eye to the

shoulder. Greyish olive above, with dark dots and irregular

spots; limbs with regular dark cross-bars ; hinder side of

thighs dark brown, with small yellow spots; lower parts

white, throat spotted with brown.

From snout to vent 57 mm.

A single female specimen, labelled ‘“‘ South Africa,” pre-

sented by Sir Andrew Smith.

In its half-webbed toes this frog constitutes an interesting

link between the typical Rane and the group Strongylopus

of ‘l’schudi.

Rana pumilio.

Vomerine teeth in very short oblique series close to the

anterior corners of the choanee. Head slightly longer than

broad, much depressed ; snout obtusely pointed, projecting,

slightly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis rounded ;

Frogs in the British Museum, — 107

loreal region very oblique, feebly concave; nostril equi-

distant from the eye and the tip of the snout; interorbital

space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympanum very distinct,

two-thirds to three-fourths the diameter of the eye. Fingers

obtusely pointed, first, second, and fourth equal ; subarticular

tubercles moderately large, moderately prominent. Hind

limb rather short, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the

eye, the heels meeting or very feebly overlapping when the

limbs are folded at right angles to the body; tibia a little

more than twice in length of head and body; toes obtusely

pointed, two-thirds webbed, three phalanges of fourth and

one of fifth free ; subarticular tubercles rather small, mode-

rately prominent ; two small metatarsal tubercles, inner oval

and about one-third the length of the first toe, outer round ;

a small round tubercle on the tarsus just below the heel.

Skin smooth or granulate above, with four interrupted

narrow glandular folds along the back and a stronger dorso-

Jateral; a glandular fold from the eye to the shoulder; sides

granulate. Greyish olive above, with a whitish vertebral

band or narrow streak, the dorso-lateral folds also whitish ;

back with dark spots or a dark band on each side of the light

vertebral ; a dark brown band from the end of the snout to

the eye, continued behind the latter as a large temporal spot ;

tympanum reddish brown ; a white streak along the upper

lip; limbs with dark cross-bands; a white line along the

inner side of the tibia; hinder side of thighs brown, with or

without two interrupted white streaks; throat and_ belly

white, lower surface of limbs flesh-colour. Male with a

blackish external vocal sac on each side of the throat, close to

the mandible, as in 2. mascarentensis.

The male measures 27 mm. from snout to vent, the

female 31.

Two specimens, the female with the body distended with

eggs, were obtained by M. F. Lataste at Medine, Senegal, in

September 1885. They were identified by me at the time as

Li. mascareniensis.

The smallest African frog of the genus Rana, Inter-

mediate between J?. mascareniensis, D. & B., and Lt. trinodis,

Boettg.

Microhyla latastii.

Habit rather slender. Head as long as broad; snout

obtusely pointed, as long as the orbit, projecting ; interorbital

space much broader than the upper eyelid, a little broader

than the space between the nostrils. Fingers and toes mode-

108 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

rately elongate, the tips dilated into very small dises ; sub-

articular tubercles very prominent ; first finger much shorter

than second; three very prominent carpal tubercles; toes

one-third webbed ; two small but very prominent metatarsal

tubercles, not larger than the subarticular tubercles, inner

oval, outer round. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching -the

eye; tibia four times as long as broad, a little more than

half the length of head and body. Back with scattered small

warts. Pale brown above, with a large dark brown marking,

finely edged with white, from between the eyes to the vent,

with three curved sinuses on each side, narrowest on the

occiput, broadest on the sacral region ; no dark lateral band ;

lower parts whitish, throat of male brown, darker on the

chin.

From snout to vent 23 mm.

Two specimens, male and female, from Saigon, Cochin

China, taken by M. Holbé in 1887, formed part of the

Lataste Collection. Examples of M. tnornata, Blgr., and

M. achatina, Boie, were collected by M. Holbé in the same

locality.

The more extensive web between the toes, the more slender

hind limb, and the absence of a dark lateral band readily

distinguish this frog from MM. achatina.

X.—Deseriptions of Four new Snakes in the Collection of

the British Museum. By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Cylindrophis aruensis.

Diameter of eye not quite one-third its distance from the

nostril. Snout as long as the distance between the eyes.

Rostral as deep as broad; nasals in contact behind the rostral ;

frontal as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals, little

larger than the supraocular, larger than the parietal; six

upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in

24 rows; no enlarged ventrals; subcaudals 6. Reddish

brown, with white transverse spots forming two alternating

series on the back and cross-bars on the belly, some of which

are complete, others interrupted and the two halves alter-

nating ; a pair of large white blotches on the nape; lower

surface of tail white.

Total length 170 mm.

Snakes in the British Museum. 109

Two specimens from Aru Island, from Mr. H. Rolle’s

collection.

Allied to C. boulenger?, Roux, but frontal shield apparently

smaller and 24 scales round the body instead of 20.

Zamenis hotsoni.

Snout moderately prominent, obtuse. Eye moderately

large. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from

above measuring one-fourth or one-third its distance from the

frontal; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the

prefrontals ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a

half to once and two-thirds as long as broad, longer than its

distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;

loreal as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the

frontal, with a subocular below it; two postoculars ; tem-

porals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering

the eye, fourth in contact with the anterior temporal ; four

lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; poste-

rior chin-shields as long as or a little longer than the anterior,

separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, with a

single apical pit, in 17 rows. Ventrals not angulate laterally,

196; anal divided; subcaudals 90. Pale fawn-colour or

greyish above, each scale, except the outermost, with a black

central shaft; head without markings ; upper lip, pre- and

postoculars, outer row of scales, and lower parts yellowish

white.

Two specimens, the larger measuring about 500 mm., from

Shiraz, presented by Major J. E. B. Hotson to the Bombay

Natural History Society. The smaller specimen is now in

the British Museum.

Distinguished from Z. gemonensis and Z, dahlit by the

smaller eye, from the former by the single scale-pits, from

the latter by the number of rows of scales on the body and

the less slender form,

°

Elaps omissus.

Kye a little shorter than its distance from the mouth.

Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral large, nearly as deep as

broad, its upper portion one-third its distance from the frontal ;

internasals three-fifths the length of the prefrontals ; frontal

twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end

of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are as long as

their distance from the end of the snout; one pre- and

two postoculars ; posterior nasal narrowly separated from the

110; On new Snakes in the British Museum.

preocular, the prefrontal in contact with the third upper

labial ; temporals 1+1; seven upper labials, third and fourth

entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the

anterior chin-shields, which are slightly shorter than the

posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 214; anal divided ;

subcaudals 27, the six anterior entire. ‘l'ail ending in an

obtuse point. Ten triads of black annuli on the body, the

central annulus broadest, its width equal to the space sepa-

rating the triads, white spaces (in spirit) with black dots; on

the belly, the black bars nearly as broad as the white ; one

triad on the tail; head black above, with a white cross-band

behind the eyes, the posterior three-fifths of the frontal and

the anterior two-thirds of the parietals involved in it.

Total length 365 mm. ; tail 28.

A single female specimen from Venezuela, received from

Dr. F. Werner in 1900.

Appears to come very near ZL. gravenhorstit, Jan, which is

only known to me from the description and figure.

Leptognathus hammondi.

Body slender, strongly compressed. Tye large. Rostral

nearly twice as broad as deep, not visible from above ; inter-

nasals about half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal as long

as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,

much shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided; no preocular,

loreal and prefrontal entering the eye ; two large postoculars,

with a small third between them and the eye; temporals

1+1 or 142; eight upper labials, third and fourth or

second, third, and fourth entering the eye, sixth very

large ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the

symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior as long as

broad. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals enlarged, as long as

broad on the posterior half of the body. Ventrals 210 ; anal

entire; subcaudals 121. 15 black annuli on the body, 10 on

the tail, separated by much narrower white ones ; head black,

with white vermiculation on*the upper head-shields, on the

sides of the snout, and on the chin, white on the temples and

on the occiput.

Total length 410 mm. ; tail 120.

A single female specimen from Guatea, Western Keuador,

altitude 2900 feet, from the collection of Mr. G. Hammond.

Near L. gracilis, Blgr., likewise from Western Ecuador,

which it resembles in the coloration, but different in the

labial and temporal scutellation and in the more enlarged

On Notoryctes in North-west Australia. 111

vertebral scales on the posterior part of the body. L. articu-

lata, Cope, is described as having four pairs of chin-shields.

I seize this opportunity to point out that Leptognathus

copii, Gthr., is distinct from LZ. pavonina, Schleg. It has

the scales in 15 rows, as stated by Giinther. The British

Museum has recently acquired a second specimen, from

Georgetown, British Guiana.

*

XJ.—Notoryctes in North-west Australia.

By OLpFieLp THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1910 Mr. Stockton, the Keeper of the Post Office at

Wollal, on Ninety-mile beach, North-west Australia, captured

a specimen of a Marsupial-mole ( Votoryctes), au animal only

previously known from Central and Southern Australia,

The specimen was presented by a Mr. 8. 8. Pryor to the

West Australian Museum at Perth, where it has been

preserved till the present time.

Now, however, by the great kindness of Messrs. Alexander

and Glauert of that Museum, I have been allowed to make

an examination of it and to compare it with our series of the

more souther:u Notoryctes typhlops.

As is not surprising, considering that its locality is nearly

a thousand miles from that of V. typhlops, the north-western

form proves to be distinct specifically, aud may be described

as follows :—

Notoryctes caurinus, sp. ni.

Size rather less than in WV. typhlops. General colour above

approximately ‘pinkish cinnamon,” slightly paler below.

Cheeks, chin, and forearm more cinnamon-buff—in fact,

the colour is very much as in Stirling’s figure * of LV, typhlops.

Claws and nasal pad smaller than in the latter.

Skull rather smaller than that of typhlops, the reduction in

size being mainly in the muzzle, which is both distinctly

sl.orter and has a narrower nasal region, the breadth across

the end of the nasals about 2°4 mm. as compared with 3°2 or

* Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, 1891, pl. ii.

112 On Notoryctes in North-west Australia.

more. And the nasal opening is also less in height. Palate

slightly more imperfect. Bulle rather larger.

Five anterior upper teeth small and very uniform in size,

7 searcely exceeding the others, and the last of the five

(probably p') is a small simple tooth hardly equalling the

canine or posterior incisors. In J. typhlops this tooth is

usually intermediate in size between these small anterior

teeth and the much larger p? and p* behind it. J? touches

its fellow of the opposite side, while the two are well separated

in LV. typhlops. Last molar—m*—small, narrow, almost

linear, scarcely showing any trace of the structure charac-

teristic of the anterior molars; in JV. typhlops, on the other

hand, the tooth is usually a reduced imitation of those in

front of it.

But the chief distinction is in the lower dentition, for NV.

caurinus carries the reduction of the teeth in the anterior

premolar region one stage further than oceurs in LV. typhlops.

As Dr. Gadow™* has shown, that species varies considerably

in the development of the teeth of this region, so that different

specimens have in front of the secator (fifth tooth from the

back) either three full-sized teeth and a rudiment, four full-

sized teeth, or four and a rudiment—in the latter cases the

full number of ten lower teeth being present. But in

NV. caurinus there are only three pre-secator teeth, all full-

sized and not rudimentary, so that there are only eight teeth

in the whole series. And these three teeth occupy but a

very short space—2°8 mm.—in correlation with the shortened

muzzle of the skull, and there is no special space between the

last of the three and the secator next behind it.

In some groups this difference in number would be of generic

or subgeneric value ; but here, where we have already in the

type-species a range of from what we may call 33 to 43

teeth, commonly differing on the two sides of the jaw, the

further reduction to three is clearly only of specific value.

The lower molars are all rather smaller than in JV. typhlops,

but there is no perceptible difference in the structure

of ms. With the lesser size and smaller number of the teeth

the total length of the lower tooth-row forms a very good

diagnostic character of JV. caurinus.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the dried skin) :—

Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 12; nose-pad 9°2 x 5:7; large

anterior claw 13°8 x 3°3; second large claw 12°2x 677. :

Skull: greatest length 23:7; condylo-basal length 21;

* P.Z. 8. 1891, p. 366,

oS oe ae

On a new Genus of Echimyine. 153

zygomatic breadth 14°8 ; breadth across forehead 9°6; inter-

orbital breadth 8°3; palatal length 10°5; breadth outside

m' 9. Combined length of five simali anterior teeth 4°2;

combined length of four molariiorm teeth (p*—m3) 4:2; lower

- tooth-row 8:3 (9°8 in WV. typh/ops) ; three anterior teeth 2°8 ;

four molariform teeth 4:4.

Hab. Wollal, N.W. Australia.

Type. Adult female. Skin no. 10442 in West Australian

Museum, Perth. Skull transferred by exchange to British

Museum, B.M. no. 20.5. 21.1. Captured 29th August,

1910.

It is a matter of very great interest to find this anomalous

type of marsupial represented by a second species in the far

North-west, and the authorities of the Perth Museum are

deserving of our gratitude for permitting a comparison to be

made of the unique Wollal specimen with the allied form of

Central Australia.

XIL.—A new Genus of Echimyine.

By OLpFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some Amazonian mammals sent for determination by

the authorities of the Goeldi Museum, Para, there occurs a

single specimen of a Spiny-rat collected by I riéulein Dr. E.

Snethlage on the River Tapajoz, and this proves to represent

a new genus of that most interesting group. It belongs to

the series of genera related to Echimys (better known as

Loncheres), and, like the greater number of them, is modified

for an arboreal life. Its dentition is of the special type,

called “reduced heptamerous” by Miller, which crops up so

frequently among the hystricomorph rodents, but it represents

a phase of development not actually found in the Kehimyine,

while somewhat similar to that of Mrethizon and others.

The animal’s external appearance is very striking and quite

peculiar to itself.

LONCHOTHRIX, gen. nov.

Pelage highly spinous. Feet short. Tail tufted.

Skull closely similar to that of Mesomys.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 8

114 Mr. O. Thomas on

Dentition above not specialized, in some ways very like a

miniature of that of Hrethizon.

Other external characters described below.

Skull so like that of Mesomys hispidus that it is difficult to

find any character of more than specific value. The muzzle.

is broader, the nasals being more parallel-sided, less tapered

backwards. Interorbital region broad, with overhanging

ledges. Brain-case low, smooth above, much broadened

posteriorly. Malar more projected forward anteriorly than in

Mesomys, about as in Echimys. Palatal foramina longer and

more open than in Mesomys. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow,

reaching forward to the level of the middle of m?. Hamular

processes of pterygoids narrow, scarcely spatulate at all.

Bulle of average size.

Incisors strong, deep from before backwards, less opistho-

dont than in allied forms, the incisive angle of the type-

specimen 93°.

Upper cheek-teeth about as broad as long, of medium

height, not hypsodont, each with two salient angles internally

and four externally, the last external with an indication of

subdivision, so that the full number of enamel-plates is, as

usual, five. The height of the crests and the depth of the

valleys between them very much as in Hrethizon, to whose

teeth those of Lonchothrix bear a strong resemblance in

miniature, though the hollows are more linear, less broadened

antero-posteriorly. Outer valleys penetrating about two-

thirds across each tooth. Below the resemblance to Hrethizon

disappears ; 4 has five crests on its inner half, m, three and

an imperfect fourth, m and mz; three ; all have, as usual, one

deep outer notch separating the two salient angles.

Although less specialized, the teeth have also a certain

resemblance to those of Cercomys.

Genotype. Lonchothrix emilie, sp. n.

It is difficult to say to which of the described forms this

striking new genus is most nearly allied. Its short climbing

feet and strongly spinous coat give it a general resemblance

to Echimys, but its brachyodont molars, as broad as long, are

very different from those of either Hehimys or any of the

genera allied to it—such as Nelomys and Diplothrix,—nor

have they any of the high specializations found in Dactylomys

~ and Kannabateomys ; and its tufted tail is peculiar to itself. —

Lonchothrix emilic, sp. n.

Size about as in Mesomys hispidus. Pelage excessively

a new Genus of Echimyine. 115

Spinous, the spines on the hinder back about 80 mm. in

length and attaining 2°3 mm. in breadth ; true hair hardly

perceptible anywhere, there being only a few short hairs

hidden among the bases of the spines, while the covering of

the lower surface is also almost wholly spinous. Whisker-

bristles very long. General colour above dark brown,

punctuated on the shoulders, sides, and rump by buffy.

Individually the spines on the dorsal saddle are greyish

brown darkening to blackish brown terminally, the lateral

and posterior ones with broad buffy tips. On the nape and

sides the underlying hairs, which are bright ochraceous buffy,

show through the spines and affect the general colour. Under

surface dull buffy whitish, a little darker on the chest. Inner

sides of arms and legs buffy whitish. Hands and feet dull

whitish. Feet comparatively short and broad, as in Mesomys

and Eehimys. Tail long, its proximal two-thirds almust

naked, merely with a few minute scattered bristles on it;

these lengthen terminally, and at the end there is a conspicuous

vertically distichous brush of long coarse dark brown hairs,

of which the longest—those of the upper side—attain over

70 mm. in length.

Skull and teeth as above described.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 177 mm.; tail 189; hind foot 30;

ear 13.

Skull: greatest length 43; condylo-incisive length 39 ;

zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 12; interorbital breadth 11 ;

mastoid breadth 20°3; palatilar length 14°2; palatal fora-

mina 5; upper cheek-tooth series 8.

Hab. (of type). Villa Braga, on the left bank of the Rio

‘Tapajoz, just above the first rapids.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 6.4.1. Origina' num-

ber 142. Collected 8th February, 1917, by Friiulein Dr. 1.

Snethlage. Presented by the Goeldi Museum.

This striking and peculiar animal, which was captured by

Fraulein Snethlage herself, forms a discovery of the utmost

interest, and I have very great pleasure in connecting her

name with it, adding, as it does, another to the many remarkable

Amazonian mammals which she has been instrumental in

bringing to the notice of zoologists.

Q*

116 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

XIII.—On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarea,

collected by Sr. Budin. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Durine@ December and January Sr. Budin made a collection

in a hilly district known as La Puntilla, near Tinogasta,

Jatamarea. La Puntilla would appear to be a few miles out

from Tinogasta towards Copacabana, at an altitude of about

1000 metres.

The collection is not a large one, as the place did not prove

very favourable for general collecting ; but among the eight

species of which it consists not only is there a new tuco-tuco,

but representatives of a highly remarkable new genus of

Octodonts related to Aconemys, of which it seems to bea

non-fossorial ally with a strong external resemblance to

Octodontomys. ‘This is a very striking discovery, and one of

which Sr. Budin may well be proud, adding as it does a

distinct new type to so peculiar a group.

In spite of the ants, which, as usual in summer collecting,

formed a terrible plague, the specimens sent are all beauti-

fully prepared, and form a valuable addition to the National

Collection.

1. Hesperomys musculinus, Thos.

3. 856; 9%. 835, 893.

2. Hesperomys murillus cordovensis, Thos.

3. 876, 892.

The determinations of the specimens of Hesperomys are

very doubtful, and must await further material for revision.

Female examples showing the number of mamme are

especially desirable.

“Caught among the piles of branches in the cultivated

fields.”

8. Graomys cachinus, All.

3. 833, 837, 840, 842, 846, 851, 857, 861, 862, 865, 883,

884, 886, 894, 899.

¢. 853, 854, 858, 866, 869, 872, 873, 875, 889, 895, 896,

898.

In marked contrast to the state of things at Chumbicha

near Tinogasta, Catamarca. 1 ai

and Otro Cerro * we have here only a single form of Graomys,

all the specimens of this fine series being practically identical

in size. But a rather considerable number of them are

immature.

4. Phyllotis sp. (?).

?. 834 (young). 4

Too young for determination. -

5. Akodon alterus, Thos.

6. 841, 859, 878, 890; 2. 839, 843, 867, 887, 897.

Very similar to our series from Otro Cerro.

No. 878, quite young, shows that m' has a well-defined

anterior median groove at its tip.

6. Octomys mimax, gen. et sp. n.

d. 850, 848 (young) ; ¢. 838, 845, 880.

OcToMYS +, gen. nov. (Octodontide).

General external characters and shape of skull about as in

Octodontomys; molar structure approximately as in Aconemys,

of which it is probably a non-fossorial rock-inhabiting

representative.

External characters very much as in Octodontomys, and,

indeed, as in many other rock-inhabiting dry-country Muride,

such as the larger gerbils—the light colour, whitish under

surface, large ears, and long tufted tail all being characters

of such animals. Indeed, the resemblance to Octodontomys

gliroides is almost complete, so that even as species the two

might readily be mistaken for each other. Structure of ears

and feet very much as in the older known animal, though the

granulation of the soles is a little less coarse.

All these characters present a striking contrast to those of

the one Octodont genus with more or less similar teeth—

namely, Aconemys (Schizodon of Waterhouse),—which is a

fossorial short-eared, long-clawed, dark-bellied, and short-

tailed form, as different as possible from the present animal.

Skull also with the general shape of that of Octodontomys,

less like that of Octodon, wholly unlike that of the fossorially

* Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 494 (1919).

+ Not only does this animal belong to the group whose dental formula

gave rise to the name Octodon, but its molars themselves have a pattern

nearly resembling the figure 8.

118 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

specialized Asonemys. Muzzle slender. Supraorbital edges

sharp, not beaded, without postorbital processes. Inter-

parietal region without ridges, even in oldspecimens. A large

supra-meatal island visible on the top of the skull. Palatal

foramina short and broad, with a broad median septum.

Mesopterygoid fosse narrow, pointed anteriorly, reaching

forward to the level of the middle of m?. Bulle very large,

larger than in any other member of the group.

Teeth.—lIncisors of medium strength, more opisthodont

than in any of the allied genera (again making 4 parallel to

eertain Gerbillines), the incisive angle, as measured from the

surface of the tooth-row, about 76°, but, owing to the hyper-

trophy of the bulla, they appear still more turned in backwards

in relation to the general lines of the skull.

Molars rootless, their pattern strikingly like that in

Aconemys (figured by Waterhouse *), the three anterior teeth

above and below 8-shaped, with two subequal lobes. J/3 and

ms with the posterior lobe reduced. A capsule appearing on

the outer side of the jaw at the root of mg.

Genotype. Octomys mimaz, sp. nD.

The Octodontine—if we accept the obviously correct

exclusion of Adrocoma from them advocated by Miller and

Gidley f—fall into two groups, one with crescentic and the

other with 8-shaped teeth. Each of these groups has, again,

fossorial and non-fossorial members, Octodon and Octo-

dontomys being the non-fossorial members of the crescent-

toothed group and Ctenomys the fossorial, while in the other

group Spalacopus aud Aconemys are both fossorial, and the

present new genus now supplies to it a non-fossorial repre-

sentative.

This handsome and remarkable animal, so strikingly like

Octodontomys externally but so different from it essentially, is

one of the most striking novelties that I have had the oppor-

tunity of describing from Argentina, and Sr. Budin is to be

congratulated on so fine a discovery.

Octomys mimax, sp. n.

Size and general external appearance about as in Oecto-

dontomys gliroides. Colour of body above pale drabby buff.

Under surface white, the hairs along the median area white

* Nat. Hist. Mamm. ii. pl. viii. fig. 4 (1848).

+ Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci: vii. p. 445 (1918).

near Tinogasta, Catamarea. 119

to their bases, but laterally they have pale slaty bases; line

of demarcation not strongly marked. ars large, with whitish

tufts at their anterior base and on the neck behind them; their

surface brown flesh-colour with fine white hairs scattered over

them. Hands and feet white. Tail long, hairy, becoming

heavily tufted terminally, the proximal half buffy below and

buffy mixed with blackish above, the terminal tuft either |

mixed buffy and dark blackish brown throughout or the end

wholly blackish brown ; end-hairs attaining over 40 mm. in

‘length.

Skull as above described.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 165 mm.; tail 179; hind foot 345;

ear 25°3. /

Skull: greatest length 44; condylo-incisive length 41:7;

zygomatic breadth 21; nasals 15 x 4°7 ; interorbital breadth

9°5; least breadth across brain-case 17°5 ; bi-meatal breadth

21°6; palatilar length 16°5; palatal foramina 3°7 x 3°2 ;

diagonal horizontal length of bulla 15; upper molar series

(crowns) 8°6.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 5.11.33. Original

number 880. Collected 5th January, 1920.

Sr. Budin says of this animal that the specimens were

captured among some large rocks which had fallen from a

cliff in a ravine where there was a little water. It appeared

to be very rare, as he was only able to find two of its habita-

tions, close to each other, and none in any of the other ravines

in the neighbourhood. It was also entirely unknown to the

natives.

7. Ctenomys.coludo, sp. n.

3. 849, 870, 874, 879, 885, 891; 9%. 836, 877.

A rather large pale species, with comparatively long tail.

Size fairly large, though less than in C. knight. Fur

rather thin and poor. General colour above pale, about as in

C. juris, paler than in most species, though not so pale as

in luteolus and opimus; dorsal colour most nearly matching

“sayal brown’’; sides and under surface little paler. Area

round ears without special markings. Hairs of hands and

feet dull whitish. ‘T'ail rather longer than usual in the,genus,

dull brown along the top, though some of the crest-hairs are

whitish ; sides and below dull white.

Skull rather slender, the interorbital region and brain-case

narrow. Nasals broad in front, evenly narrowed backwards,

120 On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarca.

Frontal region flat. Juterparietal perceptible in all specimens,

even in the type, which is old enough to have its basilar

suture partially closed. Line of posterior ridges directly

transverse. Outer base of anteorbital foramen very slender.

Malar ridges particularly strongly marked, sharp, the surface

concave below them. Meatal area, as viewed from above,

apparently larger than usual. A well-marked bulla-island

visible on top of skull. Opening of choane not very sharply

angular, level with the middle of m?. Bulle large and

swollen, larger than in knighti and nearly as large as in

luteolus, both of these being larger species.

Molars small in comparison with the size of the animal.

Longer diameter of m* scarcely greater than shorter.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 205 mm.; tail 97 ; hind foot 36°5.

Skull: greatest median length 47; gnathion to back of

bulla 49; condylo-incisive length 47°5; zygomatic breadth 31;

nasals 17°5 x83; interorbital breadth 9°3; least breadth

across brain-case 18; bi-meatal breadth 31; palatilar length

21:7; diagonal horizontal length of bulla 18°5, breadth of

bulla at right angles to last, exclusive of meatal tube, 9°5 ;

upper molar series (crowns) 8°8, oblique diameter of m! 3-6,

Ohne 17,

Type. Fully adult male. B.M. no. 20. 5.11.39. Original

nuinber 891. Collected 17th January, 1920.

This tuco-tuco is readily recognizable by its uniform pale

colour, comparatively long tail, narrow skull, large bulle,

aud the other characters above detailed. As usual in

Ctenomys, there appear to be no characters indicative of any

group-relationship, but of the two species geographically

nearest to it, C. knightt of Otro Cerro is much darker in

colour, with shorter tail, broader frontal region, and larger

teeth, while C. fochi of Chumbicha is little more than half its

bulk, besides differing in other respects.

Sr. Budin found what he believed to be evidence that these

tuco-tucos had cannibal propensities, and devoured the dead

bodies of such of their comrades as were caught in the traps.

This habit is common in Muride, but I think had not been

before observed in Octodontide.

‘ 8. Caviella menas, Thos.

3. 844, 852, 860; 9. 832, 847, 855, 863, 864, 868, 871,

881, 882, 888,

Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds. 121

XIV.—Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds, with Descriptions

of Two new Species. By STANLEY Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Syringophilus columbe, sp. n.

9??. Body elongated and very narrow. Only two hairs

are present at anterior end of scutum, and they are much

shorter than in the female or nymphs of S. bipectinatus.

The other hairs of the dorsum, especially those on the hinder

end of the scutum, are longer than in 8S. bipectinatus.

Straight cellular portion of trachea short, consisting of only

four cells. Claws of legs slender; the comb consists of

fewer sete: than in S. bépectinatus, and the modified hair on

the tarsus on each side of the claws is much wider, being

scale-like and striated.

Host. Domestic pigeon ; inside quill of feathers. Dallas,

Texas (Babeock & Wood). Specimens examined’ through

the kindness of Mr. F. C. Bishopp, of the United States

Department of Agriculture.

Pterolichus sculpturatus, sp. n.

3. Very similar to P. bicaudatus, but the posterior lobes of

the abdomen are not so rounded in outline. Posterior plate

of dorsum ornamented with minute rosettes or stars (apps-

rently sometimes raised on very slight granules), whereas

in P. bicaudatus the punctations are uniformly distributed and

do not form rosettes.

Length (including eapitulum) 540 pw.

Nymph (second stage). Posterior plate of dorsum very

unlike that of P. bicaudatus, being almost oblong in shape,

except for the posterior margin, which is notched or indented

in the middle. Lateral margins practically straight and

parallel with one another ; the anterior margin is also practi-

cally straight. Surface of this plate sculptured with numerous

minute rosettes. Posterior end of abdomen with two pairs of

long hairs, as in P. bicaudatus.

Length (including capitulum) 560 p.

Host. South African ostrich, Transvaal; a number of

examples inside quills of that bird: Onderstepoort (24. 4. 19) ;

122 Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds.

received through the kindness of Mr. G. A. Bedford, of the

Union Veterinary Station.

Pterolichus bicaudatus, Gerv.

Nymph (second stage). Posterior plate of dorsum roughly

triangular or elongate heart-shaped in outline, the apex

pointing forwards ; posterior margin of this plate indented in

the middle ; its surface is finely and evenly punctated.

Host. South African ostrich. I have examined specimens

of this species from Sterkstroom, Cape Colony, and from

California.

Lniponyssus silviarum, Can. & F.

Dermanyssus silviarum, Canestrini and Fanzago, Atti R. Inst. Venet.

1877-1878, (5) iv. p. 124.

LLetognathus silviarum, Canestrini, Prospett. Acarof. Ital. 1885, 1. p. 121.

? Lophoptes patavinus, Mégnin, C. R. Soc. Biol. 1891, iii.

Liponyssus canadensis, Banks, Washington, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1909, xi.

p. 134.

This species occurs both on sparrows and poultry in the

United States, and this is of some interest, for the species

has not hitherto been recorded as a parasite of poultry

(unless Méegnin’s Lophoptes patavinus is the same species).

It differs from the very closely allied species Z. bursa princi-

pally in having only one pair of long hairs at the extreme

posterior end of the dorsal scutum, whereas in L. bursa there

are always two quite long pairs of hairs in this position.

Hosts and localities. I have examined specimens from

poultry from the following localities :—Harvel and Raymond,

Illinois; Lafayette, Indiana ;° Aberdeen, South Daecota;

Beltsville, Maryland; Washington, D.C. It occurs on

sparrows in the following localities:—Raymond, Illinois ;

Aberdeen, South Dacota; Dallas, Texas. In the British

Museum there are specimens from Russia found an Motacilla

alba, and others from the Zoological Gardens (on European

sparrow-hawk and Indian jay).

Liponyssus bursa, Berlese.

Additional localities. Gharbia Province, Lower Egypt ;

two lots of this species from domestic poultry, collected

autumn 1918 by Mr. Aghion. Dallas, Texas ; on English

sparrow (Ff. C. Bishopp).

On Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst.

XV.—Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst., and its Association with

another Oxyurid in the same Host. By H. A. BAYLIs,

REA.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In working over a miscellaneous collection of nematode and

other parasites submitted by Mr. A. Loveridge, there occurred

Fig. 1.

UT]

ALAS AWE

TVA TVer eg

O-S mm.

Head and esophageal region (A) Of Paracis paronai, (B) of Oxyuris

overidget, both drawn to the same scale of magnification, from

female specimens.

a tube containing large numbers of small Oxyurid worms

from the very remarkable lizard Macroscineus coctei, which 1s

124 Mr. H. A. Baylis on

found only in the Cape Verde Islands. The material proved

to include two forms of approximately the same size, but

easily distinguishable, even when viewed in spirit under a

low magnification, by the strikingly different proportional

lengths of the cesophagus (fig-1, A and B). In one form, of

which both sexes are present in large numbers, the cesophagus

is very long and slender. This is undoubtedly the species

described under the name of Owyuris paronai by von Linstow

(1893), from the same host-species. The other form has a

short and relatively stout cesophagus, and, though the speci-

mens number some hundreds, all are females.

von Linstow’s original specimens of Oxyuris paronat are

in the British Museum, and on examining them with a view

to placing beyond doubt the determination of the new material,

it at once became apparent that the same two forms were

again present. Further investigation, in this case also, failed

to reveal any males of the form with short cesophagus, though

males of the other form were present in plenty. It appears,

therefore, that the association of these two forms in J/acro-

scincus is of common occurrence. It was even suspected for

atime that this might be a case of very marked dimorphism

limited to the female sex. Closer investigation, however,

lends more support to the view that the forms are specifically,

or even generically, distinct. The females of the form with

short cesophagus are fully mature, and contain ova, and it

seems possible that they are parthenogenetic, or represent a

parthenogenetic generation.

Oxyuris paronat appears to be referable to the genus

Paracis, as recently defined by Railliet and Henry (1916), of

which the genotype is P. longicollis (Schneider, 1866) from

the tortoise. A comparison of the figures of the tails of males

given by Schneider (1866, pl. vii. fig. 8) and by v. Linstow

(1893, pl. vil. figs. 18, 19) is sufficient to demonstrate this.

Both forms have a blunt, finger-like, caudal appendage in the

male, with a pair of papillee close to the tip; a single spicule,

and an accessory piece which forms a median projection

behind the cloaca ; anda group of paired papillee surrounding

the cloacal aperture. They also agree in the great relative

length of the cesophagus.

The structure of the mouth in P. paronai, though difficult

to make out owing to the very small size of the head, seems

to offer characters which may prove to be of generic rather

than specific importance. ‘The aperture of tie mouth, as

v. Linstow indicates, is surrounded by a delicate, membranous,

triangular, funnel-shaped apparatus. This, however, is fully

Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst. 125

protruded in only a small proportion of the specimens. It

then has the appearance represented in fig, 2, when seen

under a high magnification (;1," oil-immersion objective).

In the majority of the specimens the “ funnel” is withdrawn

into the anterior end of the cesophagus. ‘This arrangement

somewhat resembles the structure seen in Crossocephalus.. In

that genus, however, the funnel-like apparatus supported by

the six jaws is inverted into the cesophagus when closed. In

P. paronai, as far as can be made out, it is probably simply

retracted, without inversion.

The ‘‘ pigmentation ” of the cesophagus, intestine, and other

parts of O. paronat, referred to by von Linstow, seems to

Fig. 2.

0:05 mm.

Anterior extremity of Paracis paronat, highly magnified.

have been due to some artificial discoloration. It is not seen

in the material collected by Mr. Loveridge.

As, at present, generic distinctions among the Oxyuride

rest almost entirely upon male characters, it is proposed to call

the new form, as distinct from P. paronai, Oxyuris loveridget,

sp. n., using the name Oxyuris in a broad sense. Further data

may show that itis really adimorphic form of P. paronaz, but

the chief reasons for regarding it for the present as a distinct

species are: (1) the different proportional length of the

cesophagus; (2) the different structure of the mouth, which

appears to be quite simple and without the funnel-like

apparatus, but merely surrounded by three small sessile

papillee ; (3) the position of the vulva, which is in front of

ea On Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst.

the middle of the body, instead of behind it, as in P. paronai* ;

(4) the much finer striation of the cuticle (in the females of

P. paronai the striation is so coarse as to be conspicuous

under a very low power of the microscope) ; and (5) the

slightly larger dimensions of the eggs.

Measurements of Paracis paronai and Oxyuris loveridgei.

(All measurements are in mm, The figures in square brackets have

been calculated from von Linstow’s proportional measurements.)

Paracts paronai (v. Linst.).

Oxyuris loveridget.

Measurements | Measurements of

| given by Mr. Loveridge’s

| von Linstow. material.

Oo. Be 3

UGemoth a. cenwenccvers ses ete | 312 6 887|/25-29 3'8-4:-4 4:46-5°3

Maximum thickness.......... | O22 0-42 10:25 0-43 O-4

| Diameter of head ............ foes ; 0:03-0:04 0:07-0-08

| Rengthof-tail’ cei ci chai cable |{0:087] [0°24] | 008-0 09 0:3-0°6 0:5-0°7

| Distance from anterior end tu

end of cesophagus (including

(PS SARATNIS) Ae aseinee cake gates te mea umes }[1-16] [1°68] {0-85-10 1:1-12 | 0-6-0 7

| Diameter of cesophagus ..... | 0-0396 0:03 0:04 0:06

| Diameter of cesophageal bulb. .| 0-13 0-10 013 | 0:13-0:14

Distance from anterior end to

|) OmervetMe ye coo ..cc epee 0:26 0:23 0:26 0°25

| Distance from anterior end to,

| exeretory.pore .........0.. | es 094-115 1:85-1:45 0:8-0-98

| Distance apart of cuticular)

[USES MO 5 Fan sae a8 3 > 0-012 0-015 0-005

| Length of spicule.........:.. [ENOs a7 See | Ord ars Biers

WSIZe OF OVE (hrs es scam ee ae 0°15 x 0:07 0717 x 0°08 0-18 x 0-09

REFERENCES.

Linstow, 0. von. (1898.) “ O2yuris paronai,n. sp., und Cheiracanthus

hispidus, Fedt.,” Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, lix. p. 201; pl. vii.

RaiLureT, A., and Henry, A. (1916.) “Sur les Oxyuridés,” Compt.

Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, xxix. p. 115.

Scunriper, A. (1866.) ‘ Monographie der Nematoden.’ Berlin,

* y. Linstow gives the proportion in which the vulva divides the

body as “37:19.” The vulva, though always behind the middle, is

usually much nearer to it than this.

+ The exceptionally large figure for the total length of the female

given by von Linstow was possibly based on a specimen of O. loveridget,

as the two forms were not distinguished by him.

On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon. 127

XVI.—On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon, Meigen

(Diptera, Chironomid). By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

SINCE the old genus Ceratopogon was broken up by Kieffer

in 1901 -much uncertainty has existed as to which group the

old name should be applied to, different authors using the

name in different senses. It is highly desirable to arrive at

definite and permanent conclusions on this point, and the

following note has been penned with this object in view.

The main facts, which are not in question, are these :—

‘The genus Ceratopogon was founded by Meigen in Illiger’s

‘Magazine’ for 1803, a short diagnosis being given, and

* Tipula barbicornis, Fab.,”” being the only species mentioned

as belonging to the genus. The earlier name Helea was

published in 1800 without any species being mentioned, and

is now rejected by nearly all dipterists on this ground,

together with the other names proposed in the ‘ Nouvelle

Classification.” In his “ Klassifikazion” Meigen introduces

a number of new species, but “ barbicornis, Fab.,’’ ts placed

among other species of which Meigen had not seen specimens

as belonging either to Corethra, Chironomus, Tanypus, or

Ceratopogon. He also remarks (p. 35): “Aus dieser

Beschreibung [of Fabricius] folgt, dass dieser Art unter

Ceratopogon gehéret. Ob aber Gmelin (oder vielmehr

Linnée) und Schrank diese oder den oben besehriebenen

C. communis unter ihrer Tipula barbicornis verstanden haben,

mag ich nicht entscheiden.” Later, Meigen (Syst. Beschr.

vi. p. 261) notes under barbicornis that “ das Kxemplar in

Fabricius’ Sammlung ist ein Chironomus, Chir. obscurus.”

Now, since on its first introduction only a single species

was mentioned as belonging to the genas, it is clear that, if

the rules of zoological nomenclature are to be strictly followed,

this must be regarded as the type-species. Accordingly,

Kieffer has argued (Zool. Anz. xxx. p. 516) that 7. barbi-

cornis is the type, aud that, since Meigen has informed us

that Fabricius’s specimen was only Chironomus obscurus, Mg.

(which is supposed to be an Orthocladius), Ceratopogon should

be used in place ef Orthocladius.

But against this view it should be remembered (1) that

Fabricius was not the author of the name barbicornis, and that

what Linnzeus meant by this name is unknown ; (2) that

Meigen, as he himself informs us, had not seen examples of

barbicornis, but was relying on Fabricius’s diagnosis for his

128 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the Use of

inclusion of the species in Ceratopogon; and (3) that many

writers, with whom I emphatically agree, would in cases of

misidentification take the species which an author actually

had, not that which he imagined he had, as the type of a

genus.

The question is, therefore, what species had Meigen before

him under the name éarbicornisin 1803? From the remarks

quoted above, I think there can be practically no doubt that it

was the one which in 1804 he called C. communis. This was

doubtless the reason why Coquillet in 1910 indicated com-

munis as the type-species, a course in which I consider he

was perfectly right.

Kieffer, in the paper cited, maintains that the species which

Meigen had in 1803 cannot be recognized, and argues from

this that the real validity of the genus Ceratopogon can only

date from Meigen’s fuller work, where other species are

included and a fuller diagnosis given. He quotes Meigen’s

work of 1818 (omitting that of 1804), where the hairy wings

are referred to in the generic description, and, while rejecting

Ceratopogon altogether, uses Forcipomyta in place of it for

one ot the hairy-winged groups, taking for type /’. ambiguus,

Mg. In more recent papers (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 1917)

he has reverted to the use of Ceratopogon for this same group,

still with the type ambiguus, Mg.

I maintain that this course is unjustifiable for two reasons

—tirstly, although Meigen, in his 1804 diagnosis, mentions

the hairy wings*, Latreille, in 1805, proposed the g. nus

Culicoides, with the type pulicards, L.; and trom the table of

species which Meigen gives in 1830 (Syst. Beschr. vi. p. 266)

it is clear that he accepts Culicoides as a restriction, including

in it all the species with hairy wings (although he does not

actually admit its generic value), thus:

“A. Alle Schenkel einfach, wehrlos.

“(a) Mit nackten Fligeln.

“(b) Mit haarigen Fligeln (Culicoides, Latreille).”

In the second place—and this is, perhaps, even more

important,—Kieffer’s adoption of ambiguus as tle type is

quite illegitimate if it can be discovered what Meigen meaut

* Meigen also states in this diagnosis “ Die Fligel paraliel-dach-

formig ” (2. e. held in roof-like position in rest), which is a character of

the Orthocladius group, but not of the Ceratopogonine, This might be

adduced in support of the view that Ceratopogon should be used for

Orthocladius; but I think it is evident that Meigen simply made a

mistake on this point. He corrects the statement in 1818 to read

Fliigel parallel flach aufliegend.”

the Generic Name Ceratopogon. 129

by communis. The description of 1804 is altogether inade-

quate, but in 1818 he adds the information “ Alle Schenkel

einfach, wehrlos,” and in 1830 “ Mit nackten Fliigeln.” The

name Ceratopogon must, therefore, be used for one of the

groups with bare or practically bare wings.

In his original description of C. communis (1804) Meigen

says “ Man findet sie im Sommer sehr hiufig auf Schirmge-

wiachsen.” This habitat agrees with that of C. pavidus,

Winn., and its allies, several species of which occur in great

numbers on flower-heads of Angelica, but not with that of the

other bare-winged groups, the females of which are preda-

ceous and are only seldom found on flowers. Malloch, in his

‘Ciironomide of Illinois’? (1915), has adopted the name

Ceratopogon for this group of species (which Kieffer includes

under the genera Atrichopogon and Kempia), and I was at

first inclined to follow him in this respect.

However, in order to make quite sure, if possible, of the

identity of C. communis, I wrote to Mons. Séguy, of the Paris

Museum, asking him for information as to Meigen’s type, if

it should be in existence. His report was surprising, but

decisive, as from his notes and the carefully drawn sketch of

the wing of the type male which he sent (reproduced herewith)

—=—— a a

—S Ee OEE

: == =e

Ceratopogon communis, §. Drawn by E. Séguy.

it is clear that C. communis differs in some respects from all

the species described by Winnertz, and will not fit into any

of the genera into which the group has been divided by

Kieffer, though it shows relations with several.

The genus Ceratopogon must therefore for the present

include only the single species communis, Mg., aud may be

diagnosed as follows, from M. Séguy’s information :—

CERATOPOGON (Meigen, 1803), Edwards, 1920.

3. Claws simple, equal. No empodia. Femora slender,

unarmed. Hyes quite bare. Wings with microscopic pubes-

cence (microtrichia) over the whole surface, and with a few

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 9

130 Mr. H. Campion on some

suberect macrotrichia round the tip and in the second radial

cell. Costa extending beyond two-thirds of the wing-length ;

two radial cells, both rather elongate and about equal in

length. Media sessile, forking at level of r—m cross-vein.

Cubitus (“ postical” of Kieffer) with the base of its fork

proximal to that of the media. Anal vein bent some distance

before its tip, a rather indistinct fold arising from the bend,

giving an appearance of forking (as in Palpomyia, Bezzia, &c.).

The genus Ceratopogon will fitly take its place among the

group of small genera which are intermediate in some respects

between the two main groups of the subfamily, agreeing in

habits with Kempia and Atrichopogon, but in structure

approaching nearer to Johannsenomyia and Stilobezzia.

From the former of these it differs in the shorter, equal,

radial cells and the presence of macrotrichia at the tip of the

wing, and from the latter in the sessile media and in some

other points. '

XV1I.—Some new or little-known Gomphine Dragonflies from

South America. By HERBERT CAMPION.

[Plates VI. & VII. ]

WHILE engaged from time to time in identifying dragonflies

from British Guiana, I have found it necessary to consider

related species from other parts of the Neotropical Region.

Particulars of certain members of the subfamily Gomphine

which have been studied in this way are now placed on record.

Gomphoides dentatus, Selys.

Aphylla dentata, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 547 (1859).

I have pleasure in acknowledging my indebtedness to

Monsieur G. Severin, Conservateur au Musée Royal

d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, for his great kindness in

allowing me to examine the original material of this species,

besides preparing for me photographs of the wings and anal

appendages of the male type (PI. VI. figs. 1&2). The

material in question consists of (1) a male, the type of the

species, through the abdomen of which a fine skewer has

been passed, to give it additional support; (2) a female,

also skewered, which may be conspecific with the male; and

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 131

(3) a second female, without any skewer, which is probably

not conspecific either with the male or the first-named female,

The three specimens are labelled as follows:—(1) ‘35

(white label), “Amazon” (white label), “ Bates” (green

label), “ Aphylla dentata, De Selys, g, & renvoyer” (buff

label), ‘6141, dentata, Bate[s]” (white label, marked in

pencil) ; (2) ‘‘ Amazon” (white label), “ Bates” (green

label), ‘“* Aphylla dentata, De Selys, 9, & renvoyer” (butt

label); (3) “Amazon” (white label), ‘* Bates” (green

label), “ Aphylla dentata, S., 2” (white label).

The original description states. that the male type was

obtained by Bates on “ les bords de l’Amazone,” and, as it

bears the number 35, it may be assumed that Santarem was

the exact place of capture, as it certainly was of other speci-

mens carrying the same number. In this specimen, at the

margin of the wing there are from two (right wings) to three

(left wings) cells between M, and Rs, from three (lind wings)

to four (fore wings) between M; and My, and from five (lind

wings) to six or seven (fore wings) cells between Cu, and

Cup. In the fore wings there are 19-20 antenodals and

14 postnodals ; in the hind wing 14—15 antenodals and 14-16

postnodals.

A male in the British Museum collection which I consider

to be conspecific with the holotype of G. dentatus is labelled

“35” and “ Brazil, Santarem, =” (Bates). Another male

d4 99

in the same collection, labelled “35” and “Santarem, 3

(Bates) may also belong to the same species, although the

anal appendages are not identical with those of the holotype,

and the paired longitudinal veins are not so widely scparated

at the margin of the wing. A female Gomphoidcs also in the

British Museum, labelled “35” and “ Brazil, Sautarem, =,”

is more likely to be the female of G. dentatus than either of

the two females associated with the holotype in the De Selys

Collection. It was captured at the same place as the holotype,

and the abdomen is similar in the two insects, both as regards

general coloration and the dilatation of the penultimate and

antepenultimate segments.

The female from Demerara in the MacLachlan Collection

doubtfully referred by De Selys to G. dentatus (Ann. Soe.

Ent. Belg. xxxvill. p. 178, 1894) may very well belong to

an undescribed species,

9*

132 Mr. H. Campion on some

Gomphoides distinguendus, sp. n.

Aphylla dentata b, Ris, Hamburg. Magalhaen. Sammelreise, vii.,

Odonaten, p. 16 (1904).

Gomphoides dentata, Ris, Mém, Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. 74, fig. 15 (¢

anal appendages, &c.) (1918).

A long series of this species was taken near Buenos Ayres

by Dr. F. Ris in December, 1890, and January, 1891, and two

males were given by the collector to De Selys Longchamps,

who considered them to be conspecific with his G@. dentatus

from the Amazon. When dealing with this species in 1904

Dr. Ris referred to the uncertainty attending its identification,

but decided to adopt, provisionally, the name which De Selys

had applied to it. At the same time he published a full

description ofboth the sexes, so that future recognition might

be facilitated.

I am again indebted to M. Severin for the loan of the two

specimens in the De Selys Collection, as well as for drawings

and photographs (PI. VI. figs.3-5). The study of this material

enables one to decide that the Argentine species is quite distinct

from the Amazonian one, with which De Selys had confused

it. I propose for it the name distinguendus, and the type of the -

new species will be the specimen of which a description and

some figures are now published. In the male of G. distin-

guendus the superior anal appendages are bent sharply inwards,

and bear a strong triangular tooth internally, instead of being

regularly foreipate and provided with an internal swelling.

Tn dorsal view the abdomen is less swollen at segment 8, and

the lateral margins of that segment are not at all dilated.

The pterostigima is more golden than in the other species and

more strongly braced. There is also a venational difference—

between the respective holotypes, at all events—for the pairs

of parallel veins M, and Rs, M3; and My, and Cu, and Cu, are

less widely separated at the margin of the wing. Again,

G. distinguendus is somewhat smaller than G. dentatus, and

the coloration of the abdomen is more variegated (in G. den-

tatus the dorsum of segments 3-9 seems to me to be uniformly

blackish, although De Selys mentions some pale markings).

Finally, the colour-patterh of the thorax is different in the

- two species, for while G. dentatus has five pairs of pale stripes

upon the meso-metathorax, the types of G. distinguendus have

only three pairs. Humeral stripes are certainly absent, and in

neither of the Brussels specimens can I perceive the narrow

green line on the metepisternum which seems to be indicated

by Ris.

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 133

Two males from Paraguay have been referred to G. den-

tatus by Dr. Calvert (Ann. Carnegie Mus. vi. p. 219, 1909),

but, in the absence of fuller particulars, it cannot be said

whether these specimens show any close affinity with G. dis-

tinguendus, as their habitat would seem to suggest.

3 (holotype). ‘ Buenos Aires, i. 91’ (white label, by Ris),

“ Aphylla dentata, Selys, ¢, Buenos Ayres, Dr. Ris ’’ (white

label, by De Selys), ‘‘ Buenos Ayres, Dr. Ris”? (green label,

by De Selys), “118” (pencilled on each of two yellow

labels).

Length of abdomen 44 mm.; length of hind wing 33 mm.

Labium, labrum, clypeus, frons, and occiput green or

greenish. Antennas and upper surface of head blackish

brown.

Prothorax mostly green, with the anterior and posterior

borders yellow. Meso-metathorax greenish brown mid-

dorsally, laterally, and ventrally ; chestnut-brown at the

shoulders ; the dorsum carrying a pair of antehumeral broad

green stripes, not quite reaching anteriorly the mesothoracic

half-collar, which, with the mid-dorsal carina, is also green ;

another broad green stripe lies upon the mesepimeron, and a

narrow stripe of the same colour upon the metepimeron.

Wings hyaline, with a mere trace of yellow at the base of

the hind wing. Venation blackish brown; costa anteriorly

pale. Pterostigma 5mm. long, golden yellow, with a distinct

brace-vein in all wings. At the margin of the wing two

cells between M, and Ks, three cells between M; and M, in

the fore wings and two in the hind wings, and four to six

cells between Cu, and Cu. Fore wings with 16-17 ante-

nodals and 10 postnodals ; hind wings with 12-14 antenodals

and 11-12 postnodals.

Triangle in fore wing 3-celled. Subtriangle of fore wing

and triangle of hind wing 2-celled. Subtriangle of hind wing

free. One cross-vein in the supertriangle of each wing.

Femora greenish brown ; tibie and tarsi black.

Abdomen moderately inflated at segments 1-2; somewhat

constricted at 3; moderately inflated again at 7-10, fusiform ;

the inferior lateral margins of 8 and 9 not expanded laterally,

and but very little dorso-ventrally ; 10 in dorsal view

slightly constricted in the middle, the hind margin with a

shallow median rounded notch, the inferior lateral margins

produced apically. Segments 1-2, with the auricles, greenish

brown ; 3 mainly greenish brown, black distally ; 4-6 black

mid-dorsally and distally, with an ill-defined brownish area

at each side proximally ; 7 light orange-brown in the proximal

134 Mr. H. Campion on some

half, dark orange-brown beyond ; 8 and 9 dark orange-brown ;

10 yellowish brown. In ventral view segments 1-7 greenish

brown ; 8-10 deep yellow. Genitalia of segment 2 deeply

sunk in the genital fossa, and, being also thickly clothed

with hairs, are very difficult to examine.

Anal appendages dark orange-brown, hairy. The upper

pair shorter than segments 9 and 10 taken together, divergent

for more than half their length, then abruptly convergent; a

sharp triangular internal tooth before the inward bend. ‘The

lower appendage very short, hairy, triangular, notched at the

upeX.

The second male (paratype) carries two white labels and a

green one, each of them inscribed in the same manner as the

corresponding label attached to the holotype. The abdomen

measures 45 mm., while the length of the hind wing and

pterostigma remains as in the holotype. At the margin of

the wing there are three cells between M, and Rs in both fore

wings and possibly also in the left hind wing, while there

are two only in the right hind wing; three cells between M;

and My, in the right fore wing and two cells in the other three

wings ; four (three wings) to five (one wing) cells between

Cu, and Cu,. In the fore wings there are 17-19 antenodals

and 10 postnodals ; in the hind wings 13-14 antenodals and

12-13 postnodals.

Gomphoides calverti, Kirby, and Gomphoides campost, Calvert.

Cyclophylla calverti, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 615,

pl. xu. fig. 2 (1897).

Gomphoides campost, Calvert, Ann, Carnegie Mus. vi. p. 219, pl. vil.

fig. 127 (1909).

Each of these species was described from a unique male

specimen, the first from N.E. Brazil and the second from

Keuador, and each of the descriptions was aceompanied by a

single figure. Kirby’s figure represented the entire insect,

and was of little scieutific value, while that given by Calvert

was a left profile view of the apical segments of the abdomen.

The close relationship subsisting between the two species has

hitherto escaped attention, but, upon comparing with Kirby’s

‘type (Pl. VI. fig. 6) the anal appendages of G. camposi, as

figured by Calvert, I found the resemblance to be so strong

that I was induced to read the description of G. campost with

the type of G. calverti before me. Such differences as became

apparent did not seem to afford any clear proof of specific dis-

{inctness, and correspondence with Dr. Calvert, who was kind

enough to re-examine the type of lis own species, brought to

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America,

135

light no differentiating characters of greater value than the

following :—

G. calvertt.

(1) Meso-metathorax with a

second antehumeral green stripe,

about half as long as the first, very

narrow, linear in front, almost

touching posteriorly the ante-alar

ridge, lying a little above the

humeral suture.

(2) The pale basal colour on

abdominal ‘segments 4-7 inter-

rupted mid-dorsally, and therefore

divided into spots.

(8) Expansion of inferior lateral

margin of segment 8 smaller, not

rounded ; that of 9 not very pro-

nounced, parallel and co-extensive

with the long axis of the segment.

(4) Upper anal appendages with

the two inferior processes nrore

obtuse; the superior subapical

sinuation longer.

(5) Fore wings with 18-19 ante-

nodals, 10-13 postnodals, Hind

wings with 13-14 antenodals.

(6) Abdomen 37°5 mm.; hind

wing 28 mm.

G. campos?.

(1) Meso-metathorax without a

second antehumeral green stripe.

(2) The pale basal colour on

abdominal segments 4~7 not inter-

rupted mid-dorsally, and therefore

not divided into spots.

(3) Expansion of inferior lateral

margin of segment 8 larger, strongly

convex ; that of 9 more pronounced

than in ealverti, regularly convex.

(4) Upper anal appendages with

the two inferior processes more

acute; the superior subapical

sinuation shorter.

(5) Fore wings with 20-22 ante-

nodals, 13-14 postnodals. Hind

wings with 16 antenodals,

(6) Abdomen 43 mm.; hind

wing 32 mm.

It was realized that differences of this description might

lose their significance, if sufficient material of both species

became available for study, and, with a view to throwing

further light upon the question at issue, Dr. Calvert prepared

and sent me camera lucida drawings of the penis and accessory

genitalia of G. eamposi (P). VII. figs. 8 & 9), for comparison

with the corresponding structures in Kirby’s type. The

hamules did not seem to be conspicuously different, but, when

the penis of G. calverti came to be dissected out and com-

pared with the figure of G. camposz, a state of things was

disclosed which removed all reasonable doubts on the score

of specific distinctness. The camera lucida drawings repro-

duced as figs. 7 and 8 show the remarkable difference in form

and proportion of each of the three joints of which the penis is

composed, and especially the enormous disparity in the length

of the lateral lobes of the third joint. ‘The vesicle of the

penis, too, is widely different in the two species. It may be

pointed out that the drawing of G. camposi appears to have

been made from the penis extended, but still cm situ, while

that of G. calverti was made from the organ after it liad been

dissected out.

136 Mr. H. Campion on some

Two typographical errors have been detected by Dr. Calvert

in his description of G. camposi, and may be corrected here.

The first is on page 219, where the width of the antehumeral

stripe on the thoracic dorsum appears as “ 8 mm.” instead of

“-8 mm.,” while the other occurs in line 16 of the next page,

where “ 8” should be read for the second “ 9.”

Zonophora bodkini, sp. n.

1 2 (holotype). Tumatumari, R. Potaro, British Guiana,

xli. 1915 (G. H. Bodkin).

Length of abdomen 58 mm. ; length of hind wing 52 mm.

Head moderately large. Labium hairy, brownish; the

end-hook of each lateral lobe longer than the movable hook,

and considerably overlapping its fellow in the middle line.

Hypopharynx not deeply excavated in front. Maxille

black (Pl. VII. fig. 12). Mandibles black (PI. VII. figs. 13,

14). Labrum black, with a broad transverse pale band.

Anteclypeus pale. Postclypeus and anterior aspect of frons

black; the suture dividing them pale. Superior aspect of

trons black, with a large pale spot at each side. First and

second joinis of antenne black [the more distal joints missing].

Vertex black, with a stout tubercle behind each of the paired

ocelli. Occiput black, concave above.

Prothorax rather hairy; on the hind margin a pair of

small, rounded, pale dorsal spots, and a pair of larger pale

lateral spots.

Meso-metathorax black, with yellow markings. A pair of

lines on the dorsum, curving outwards anteriorly, and not

reaching the mesothoracic half-collar. A longer line is close

to and nearly parallel -with the humeral suture. Some ill-

preserved markings on the mesepimeron and metepisternum.

On the right side is preserved a broad band crossing the

metepimeron medially. Some white pubescence on the infe-

rior surface of the thorax and segments 1 and 2.

Wings (PI. VII. fig. 10) yellowish brown. Costa and other

veins black. Antenodals 26-27 in the fore wings and 18 in the

hind wings. Postnodals 18-19 in the fore wings and 17-19 in

the hind wings. Arculus in the fore wing at the level of the

third antenodal; in the hind wing nearer the level of the

second. Triangle in fore wing only slightly less elongate

than in hind wing. No cubito-anal cross-veins, apart from

the anal crossing and the one closing the subtriangle. Anal

loop in hind wing apparently containing five cells, but its

proximal boundary is ill-defined. Brace-vein more or less

before the level of the proximal end of the pterostigma.

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 137

Pterostigma broad, 7 mm. long, covering from seven to nearly

nine cells, opaque, very dark red. The cells between M, and

Rts beginning to be doubled at the level of the proximal end

of the pterostigma. The trebling of the post-trigonal cells

beginning a little before (hind wings) or well before (fore

wings) the level of separation of M,,,. Cu, and Cu, in hind

wing rather strongly divergent; five to six cells between

them at the wing-margin.

The only leg preserved is a detached one, of moderate

length ; the coxa and part of the femur pale, the tibia and

tarsus black.

Abdomen swollen at base, slightly constricted at segment 3,

somewhat dilated laterally at 8 and 9. Black, with yellow

markings, as follows :—Sides of segment 1 mostly yellow ; a

mid-dorsal line and two pairs of large lateral spots on seg-

ment 2; a pair of large lateral markings on the proximal half

of 3, Z-shaped on the left side and formed like an inverted Z

on the right side, the distal transverse portion of each marking

almost touching its fellow on the dorsum ; a pair of similar

but smaller markings on 4; a pair of large, irregularly-shaped,

lateral spots at the base of 5; a pair of large, oblong, dorsal

spots, separated by the mid-dorsal carina, at the base of 7;

6, 8, 9, and 10 apparently immaculate. Anal appendages

about as long as segments 9 and 10 taken together, convergent,

almost straight, ending in a sharp point, black in the basal

third, pale yellow beyond. Vulvar lamina (PI. VII. fig. 11)

black and consisting of two strong parallel spines, fused

together for more than three-quarters of their length, and

gradually tapering towards their distal extremities, which

are well separated, pointed, and divergent, and extend a little

beyond the apical margin of segment 9. Between the vulvar

Jamina and the ninth sternite were found a number of orange-

yellow ova of the broad exophytic type. These were very

small for such a large insect, the length of those measured

being *5-"6 mm., and the width *3--35 mm.

The measurements of Z. bodkini exceed those of the largest

Zonophora hitherto described—namely, the unique male of

Z. batesi, Selys*. It also extends the known range of the

genus northwards, as the three older species were all described

from Brazil.

* In the earliest description of the female of Zonophora campanulata,

Burm. (Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. (2) p. 80, 1854), De Selys gave the length

of the abdomen as 58 mm., which is also the length of the abdomen in

the 9 type of Z. bodkint. This figure is obviously a misprint for 50 mm.,

the measurement stated by the same author in 1858 (Monogr, Gomph,

p. 234).

138 Mr. H. Campion on some

As special facilities existed for doing so, the mouth-parts

were examined and compared with the maxilla, hypopharynx,

and labium as figured by Hagen for 7. campanulata (Monogr.

Gomph. pl. xii. fig. 1, p,q, r). The maxilla is much alike

in the two species, and so is the hypopharynx, except that in

the genotype it is more deeply excavated anteriorly. As to

the labium, the end-hook of the lateral lobes is in the new

species longer than the movable hook, whereas in Z. cam-

panulata it is shorter than the movable hook. In addition to

the maxilla, drawings have been made of the mandible in

Z. bodkini, and I am not aware that this organ has ever been

figured for any nearly related species.

The vulvar lamina in Z. campanulata has also been figured

by Hagen (loc. cit. fig. 1, ¢), and is not so deeply bifid at the

apex as in Z. bodkint.

The species is dedicated to Mr. G. E. Bodkin, the Govern-

ment Economic Biologist, British Guiana, and the holotype

has been presented by him to the British Museum, through

the Imperial Bureau of Entomology.

Zonophora spectabilis, sp. n.

1 S (holotype), Sapucay, Paraguay, 16.1. 1903 (W. Foster).

No. 64 (British Museum).

Length of abdomen 41 mm.; length of hind wing 34°5 mm.

Head moderately large. Labium greenish yellow; the

superior margin of the middle lobe and the internal anterior

angle of each lateral lobe black. Base of the mandibles

greenish yellow. Labrum greenish yellow, bordered all

round with black. Clypeus and frons greenish yellow; the

free inferior margins of the postclypeus black. Superior

surface of frons with a deep median groove, filled in with

black in its posterior two-thirds ; a broad black band crossing

the frons transversely in its posterior third. Upper surface

of head before the occiput black, except for a pale brownish

spot behind the median ocellus. Occiput pale brownish.

[ Prothorax lost. |

Meso-metathorax chocolate-brown, with five yellow or

greenish-yellow stripes on each side of the mid-dorsal crest,

increasing progressively in width from above downwards—

the first, lying on the dorsum, curved, diverging anteriorly

from its fellow, aud not quite reaching the mesothoracic halt-

collar above ; the second running parallel with and lying a

little above the humeral suture; the third crossing the

mesepimeron medially ; the fourth occupying the posterior

half of the metepisternum, and at about mid-height throwing

Gomphine Dragonjlies from South America. koe

forward a strongly marked dentiform projection into the dark

anterior half; and the fifth crossing the metepimeron medially.

The extreme posterior angle of the metepimeron greenish

yellow.

Wings (PI. VII. fig. 15) hyaline. Costa anteriorly golden

yellow as faras the pterostigma. Subcosta red. Radius and

some, at least, of the succeeding convex veins, seen from above,

black. Viewed obliquely from behind, the entire venation, in-

cluding the costa, appears to be red. Antenodals 19-20 in the

fore wings and 12-13 in the hind wings. A _ basal subcostal

cross-vein present in each wing. In the fore wings the

second hypertrophied antenodal is the seventh in the series ;

in the hind wings it is the sixth. Postnodals 10 in the fore

wings and 10-11 in the hind wings. Arculus at about the

level of the second regular antenodal. One cubito-anal cross-

vein, supplementary to the anal crossing and the one closing

the subtriangle, in right fore wing and in each hind wing ;

not present in left fore wing. Anal triangle in hind wing

containing from four to five cells, and the anal loop five cells.

Pterostigma with a weak brace-vein, very broad, 4°5 mm.

long, surmounting from four and a half to nearly six of the

cells below, opaque, very dark red, bounded by black veins.

The cells between M, and Rs beginning to be doubled beyond

the level of the proximal end of the pterostigma. The trebling

of the post-trigonal cells beginning a little after the level of

separation of My, Cu, and Cuz in hind wing not strongly

divergent ; three to four cells between them at the wing-

margin.

[Fore legs missing.] Mid legs black. Femur of hind leg

blackish below ; above greenish yellow, with two dark longi-

tudinal lines. [Tibia and tarsus missing. ]

Abdomen: ground-colour of segments 1 and 2 chocolate-

brown, of segments 3-10 black. Mach segment marked with

yellow or greenish yellow, as follows :—1 with a band on the

basal margin and a broader ring on the apical margin ; 2

with a broad median stripe, expanding apically into a narrow

ring ; 8-6 with a basal ring, occupying more than a third,

but less than a half, of the segment ; 3 with a large and 6

with a small lateral spot on each side of the segment, beyond

the ring; 7 with the basal half yellow, the ring strongly

produced into the apical half laterally ; 8 and 9 with a broad

basal ring, strongly produced towards the apex of the segment

medially and laterally ; 8 with a few black denticles on the

dorsal carina; 10 chiefly yellow. Auricles yellow.

Posterior hamules very prominent, long, black, densely

clothed with pale hairs in the distal half; in profile view

140 On Gomphine Dragonflies from South America.

broad, convex ventrally, and ending in a long straight point ;

in. ventral. view widely separated basally, converging and

expanding internally until they nearly touch one another at

about mid-length, and then narrowing to forma pair of rather

slender forceps. Vesicle of the penis black, rather hairy,

stout; the extremity directed backwards. Upper anal

appendages yellow, hairy, about as long as segments 9 and 10

taken together, broad in the first two-thirds of their length,

then narrowing and curving towards one another until they

meet or even overlap ; a low superior tubercle at the broadest

part of the appendage is followed by an internal expansion

which terminates posteriorly in an acute tooth, directed

inwards and forwards. Lower anal appendages black, about

‘two-thirds as long as the superior appendages, strongly

divergent at their base, and then curving gently inwards, and

ending in a sharp hook.

Zonophora spectabilis presents several points of difference

from the genotype and other members of the genus. It has

a more southern distribution than any other species yet

described, and is further distinguished from all its congeners

by the presence of pale spots on segments 8, 9, and 10 of the

abdomen. It is likewise the smallest of the known species of

Zonophora, and in this respect comes nearest to 7. calippus,

Selys. Indeed, 7. calippus and Z. spectabilis are differen-

tiated from the more typical forms in other ways, for they

share in common certain venational peculiarities from which

the larger species are excluded. For instance, they agree

with one another and differ from Z. campanulata in the

presence of a basal subcostal antenodal in all wings, and in the

normal presence of a supplementary cubitc-anal cross-vein, in

addition to the anal crossing and the base of the subtriangle.

In the absence, however, of marked differences in the general

design of the external genitalia and anal appendages, it seems

advisable to treat Z. spectabilis and Z. calippus as being con-

generic with Z. campanu/ata.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate VI.

Fig. 1. Gomphoides dentatus, Selys,d,type. Right wings. G. Severin

photo.

Fig. 2. Ditto. Anal appendages in dorsal view. G. Severin photo.

Fig. 3. Gomphoides distinguendus, sp. n., d, type. Right wings. G.

Severin photo.

Fig. 4. Ditto. Anal appendages in dorsal view. G. Severin photo.

tig. 5, Ditto. Terminal segments of abdomen and anal appendages in

dorsal and left profile view. G. Severin del.

On a new Genus of Aviculariide. 141

Fig. 6, Gomphoides calverti, Kirby, gd, type. Terminal segments of

abdomen and anal appendages, in left profileview. P. Highley

cam. luc. et del.

Fig. 7. Ditto. Penis and its vesicle, in left profile view. P. Highley

cam. luc. et del. c, second joint of penis; d, vesicle of penis.

PuLaTeE VII.

Fig. 8. Gomphoides camposi, Calvert, 3, type. Penis and its vesicle, in

left profile view. P. P. Calvert cam. luc. et del. ec, second

joint of penis ; d, vesicle of penis.

Fig. 9. Ditto. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, in left profile

view. P.P. Calvert cam. luc. et del. a, anterior hamule ;

b, posterior hamule ; c, second joint of penis; d, vesicle of

penis.

Fig. 10. Zonophora bodkini, sp. n., Q, type. Left wings. F. W. Cam-

pion photo.

Fig. 11. Ditto. Vulvar lamina. H. Knight del.

Fig. 12. Ditto. Maxilla. H. Knight del.

Fig. 13. Ditto. Mandible, external view. H. Knight del.

Fig. 14, Ditto. Mandible, internal view. H. Knight del.

Fig. 15. Zonophora spectabilis, sp. n., dg, type. Left wings. F. W.

Campion photo.

XVIII.—An interesting new Genus of Aviculariide. By

Mexxo-Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of

Sciences.

Amongst the abundant material of large Brazilian Mygales

from the Museum of Natural History at 8. Paulo, L have

found one very interesting species, collected at Marianna,

Estado de Minas Geraes, by Mr. José Pinto da Fonseca,

which is the type of the new genus described below.

ANCYLOCHIROS *, gen. nov.

Type, A. tawnayi, sp. n.

Cephalothorax low, a little longer than wide, the central

fovea deep, transverse. ‘The ocular tumulus not much broader

than long. ‘lhe anterior row of eyes strongly procurved, the

anterior edge of the medians being behind the posterior edge

of laterals; eyes nearly evenly spaced and subequal. Poste-

rior medians much smaller than the anterior medians;

posterior laterals about as large as the anterior laterals.

Labium much broader than long, with the tip densely

* dayxbdos, curved; xeip, hand; an allusion to the shape of the palp-

tarsus in female.

142 On a new Genus of Aviculariide.

studded with cusps. Coxa of pedipalps witha very cuspulose

basal] area.

Sternum a little longer than wide, with conspicuous poste-

rior sigillee, separated from the margin by nearly the same

distance which divides them.

Legs 4, 1, 2, 3 without spines; the tarsal scopula of legs

I., II., and III. entire, of IV. with a narrow longitudinal

band of spiniform bristles. There are no stridulating bristles.

Palpal tarsus (in female) very bowed at the base ; beyond

much depressed, a little hollow, with dorsal series of small

spines.

Male unknown.

This genus is intermediate between the Ischnocolezw and

Aviculariee, Simon. From the Aviculariese it differs in the

position of the posterior sternal sigillee (marginal or sub-

marginal in all the Aviculariess) and in having the posterior

tarsal scopula divided by a longitudinal band of spiniform

bristles. It is distinguished from the Ischnocoleew by the

unarmed legs. From Phlogtodes, Pocock (to which, by the

position of sternal sigille, it is perhaps allied), it differs in

having the thoracic central fovea straight (strongly pro-

curved in Phlogiodes) and the anterior row of eyes strongly

procurved (only a little in Phlogiodes). From all the Avicu-

lariide it differs by the anomalous form of palpal tarsus.

Genotype :

Ancylochiros taunayi*, sp. n.

2 .—34 mm.

Cephalothorax very dark red-brown mahogany, clothed

with dark pubescence. Cheliceres dark red-brown ; fang-

groove with eight black teeth on the inner margin and with

long pink hairs. Sternum and cove of the legs black, densely

hairy ; labiwm and cove of pedipalps a little lighter. Legs

dark red-brown, with long rust-coloured hairs. Abdomen

black ; the dorsum with three pairs of large, oblique, rusty

spots. ‘he whole abdomen with long, semierect, rust-

coloured hairs ; ventral area and spinnerets velvety black.

Carapace a little longer than wide, as long as tibia+

patella I. or LV. and metatarsus+tarsus IV., longer than

inetatarsus + tarsus I.

Anterior eyes equal, in a row and strongly procurved.

Posterior medians much smaller than anterior medians, sepa-

rated from the anterior medians and posterior laterals by

about a diameter.

* I have much pleasure in naming this form in honour of Dr. A. de

Taunay, Savant Director of the Sao Paulo Museum, at Ypiranga.

On Rhynehota from New Caledonia. 143

Legs unarmed (38, 35, 34, and 41 mm.). Metatarsus I.

and II. scopulated almost to base; metatarsus III. in the

apical two-thirds ; IV. without scopula.

Palpal tarsus strongly bowed at basal third; beyond curved,

hollow, depressed, with three longitudinal series of little

black cuspids. i

Hab. Marianna (Estado de Minas Geraes). Coll. José

Pinto da Fonseca.

Type. A femade, in the collections of the S. Paulo Museum.

XIX.—LRhynchota from New Caledonia.

By W. L. DistTant.

Turis collection of Rhynchota was made during the expedition

to New Caledonia during the whole of 1914 by Mr. P. W.

Montague and Prof. KR. H. Compton to investigate the fauna

and flora of this most interesting French colony *. The

expenses of the expedition were largely defrayed by grants

from the Royal Society, the Percy Sladen Trust Fund, and

the Worts Fund of the University of Cambridge.

Prof. R. H. Compton subsequently presided at the Botanical

Gardens, Cape ‘Town, 8.A., but Mr. Montague was a victim

in the late great war. I am informed by Mr. Hugh Scott, of

Cambridge, that ‘‘ Montague went over a trench in Macedonia

and was never heard of again.”

The whole of the Rhynchotal collection is now contained

in the British Museum.

Part I.

HETEROPTERA.

Fam. Pentatomide.

Subfam. Scurerrerine.

Genus CoLEOoTICHUS, White ft.

Coleotichus costatus.

Coleotichus costatus, Fabr. Mant. ii. p. 282 (1787).

Hab. Mt. Dore, Noumea.

* ‘The Geographical Journal,’ xlix. p. 81 (1917).

+ C. artensis, Montr. (Scutellera artensis), A. S. Linn. Lyon. y. p. 259

(1858), is also contained in the Brit. Mus. from both New Caledonia and

Moreton Bay, Australia, but is not included in this collection nor in the

one made by Sarasin and Roux which I previously worked out (Noy.

Caled. Zool, i. L. iv. 10 (1914),

144 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Genus TEcrocoris, Hahn.

Tectocoris lineola.

Cimex lineola, Fabr. Spec. Ins. ii. p. 340 (1781).

Hab. Mt. Dore, Baie Ngo.

Phila caledonica, sp. n.

Dull reddish ochraceous ; head, antenne anterior area of

pronotum, about anterior half of scutellum (excluding lateral

margins), head and body beneath, tibiz and tarsi black or

blackish ; anterior area of pronotum and basal area of scu-

tellum with metallic greenish reflections ; antennee with te

first and second joints shortest, fourth and fifth longest ;

transverse series of punctures defining the short, sigue

raised, anterior area of the pronotum; the whole upper

surface more or less very finely punctate ; rostrum very dark

testaceous and extending to base of abdomen ; legs somewhat

strengly marginally hirsute.

Long. 13 mm.

Hab. Baie Ovemo.

Philia geminata, sp. n.

Body above dark shining indigo-blue, finely and thickly

punctate; basal marginal areas of pronotum and scutellum

(excluding their centres) shaded with metallic shining blue

and green, a transverse shiuing reddish-ochraceous “fascia

broken in the middle, but each part margined with metallic

bluish green, crossing scutellum a little behind middle, and a

similarly coloured spot near apex ; body beneath indigo-blue ;

a transverse ochraceous fascia at base of head between eyes ;

coxee, trochanters and femora, and lateral margins of abdomen

—inwardly indented on each. segment—bright reddish ochra-

ceous ; rostrum slightly passing the posterior coxe ; antenne

black, first and second joints shortest and subequal in length,

third and fourth also subequal, fifth longest; pronotum con-

cavely impressed on each side at base, and scutellum elon-

gately impressed on each side before middle.

Long. 14 mm.

Hab. Baie Ovemo.

Chrysocoris sexmaculatus.

Scutellera sexmaculata, Leach, Zool, Mise. ii. p. 36, pl. xiv. (1815).

Hab. Noumea.

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 145

Subfam. Crpyrv.

Genus HAunia, Ellenr.

Hahnia australis.

Hahnia australis, Erichs. Faun, Vandiem., Arch. fiir Naturg. 8, p. 276

(1842).

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Subfam. Peyraromin 2.

NEOSURENUS, gen. nov.

Allied to Surenus, Dist., from Burma*, but differing in

the following characters :—Head with the lateral lobes much

onger than the central lobe, but with their apices obliquely

ounded, not obliquely subtruncate ; antenne with the first

soint not reaching apex of the head, the second and third

joints and the fourth and fifth joints subequal in length ;

Jateral angles of the pronotum not subprominent but obliquely

rounded, the lateral margins not dentate and almost straightly

oblique ; corium with the lateral margins reaching and

moderately passing the margins of the connexivum, which

are entire and not angulated at the segmental incisures ;

stigmatal spots to the abdomen very distinct and tuberculous,

Neosurenus montaguet, sp. n.

Above ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate ; eyes

prominent and black; membrane pale fuscous, with dark

longitudinal veins; head beneath ochraceous, with a broad

transverse fascia of black punctures between the eyes ;

sternum ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate, black at the

coxal basal areas, the lateral margins a little paler; abdomen

beneath thickly darkly punctate, stigmatal spots black,

connexivum both above and beneath ochraceous, beneath

with darker mottlings; legs and rostrum ochraceous, the

latter reaching the intermediate coxee ; autennz ocliraceous,

apical joint blackish but ochraceous at base ; other characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 124 mm.

Hab. Mt. Panié.

* Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond, 1901, p. 106; Faun. Brit. Ind., Heteropt. i. p. 116,

fig. 61, p. 117.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, vi. 10

146 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Polycarmes punctatissimus.

Acanthidium punctatissimum, Montr. Ann. Soe. Linn, Lyon. y. p. 245

(1858).

Hab. Mt. Mou, Houadou R., near Dumbea, Panié.

Eurinome ineonspicua.

Pentatoma inconspicua, Montr. Aun. Soc, Linn, Lyon. v. p. 249 (1858).

Hab. Mt. Mou, Central District.

Halyomorpha canalana.

Halyomorpha canalana, Dist. in Sarasin and Roux, Noy. Caled. Zool. i.

L. iv. no. 10, p. 374, pl. xii. fig. 7 (1914).

Hab. Mt. Panié, near Dumbea.

Genus STENOzYGUM, Fabr.

Stenozygum flavifrons.

Stenozygum flavifrons, Dist. in Sarasin & Roux, New Caledonia, Zool.

vol. i, L. iv. no. 10, p. 375, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1914).

Hab. Ba Bay.

Genus Cuspicona, Dall.

Cuspicona viridis.

Cuspicona viridis, Montr. Aun. Soc. Phys. (2) vii. p. 98 (1855),

Cuspicona zeloma, Kirk, Cat. Hem. Het. p. 143. 20 (1909).

Hab. Central District, Houadou.

Many specimens of this species are ochraceous and may be

considered as either discoloured or variable forms.

Genus Morna, Stal.

Morna leucospula.

Morna leucospila, Walk. (Cuspicona) Cat. Hem. Het. ii. p. 387 (1867).

Hab. Mt. Ignambi.

Genus VITELLUS, Stal.

Vitellus auricornis.

Vitellus auricorms, Walk. (Cuspicona) Cat. Hem. Het. ii. p. 387 (1867).

Hab. Mt. Koghi, Central District.

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 147

Geuus Peaaa, Stal (nec Bergr. Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg.

Iviii. p. 143, 1914).

Pegala levis.

Pegala levis, Berg. Rev. Ent. xiii. p. 152 (1894).

Pegala figulina, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 590 (1910).

Hab. New Caledonia; Baie Ovemo. Queensland.

In deseribing this species from Australia I had not thought

it necessary to consult Bergroth’s description of his species

from New Caledonia. The British Museum has now

examples from both localities. ‘The species, however, varies

in length, some small specimens only attaining a length of

11 mm.

Pegala virens, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium virescent, basal

marginal area of pronotum more or less testaceous, head and

apical area of scutellum pale ochraceous ; membrane greyish

brown ; body beneath and legs pale greenish, rostrum and a

basal spot to abdomen dark testaceous ; antenne dark oclira-

ceous, Joints (excluding first) almost subequal in length, but

fourth and fifth a little stoutest; pronotum, scutellum, and

corium thickly coarsely punctate, head more finely punctate ;

body beneath finely and obscurely punctate ; abdomen cen-

trally, finely, longitudinally ridged.

Long. 10 mm.

Hab, Plaine des Lacs.

Pegala flavescens, sp. n.

Bright ochraceous; lateral lobes of head, pronotal margins,

a central, narrow, longitudinal fascia, and subapical area to

scutellum, and the corium paler and more stramineous; body

beneath (excluding rostrum, legs, and metasternum) paler and

stramineous ; antennz stramineous, extreme apices of joints

and the whole of fifth joint a little darker in hue, second and

third joints a little longest and subequal, fourth and fifth a

little shorter and subequal in length ; eyes black; ocelli

smal] and dark castaneous ; pronotum (excluding margins)

coarsely punctate, basal lateral angles short, recurved, and

sanguineous ; scutellum sparingly but distinctly punctate ;

corium more finely and more thickly punctate; membrane

shining greyish and moderately passing the abdominal apex,

which beneath is armed with four short but robust longitu-

dinal spines ; rostrum reaching the posterivr coxe.

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. Noumea,

10*

148 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Subfam. Asorryz.

Genus ANDRALLUS, Bergr.

Andrallus spinidens.

Cimex spinidens, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 285 (1787).

Hab. Central District.

Genus EaALpA, Walker.

Ealda minax.

Ealda minax, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 409 (1867).

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Genus PLatynopus, Amy. & Serv.

Platynopus melacanthus.

Platynopus melacanthus, Boisd. Voy. Astrol., Ent. ii. p. 628, pl. ii. fig. 7

(1835).

Hab. Central District.

Fam. Coreidez.

Subfam. Corzryz.

Genus Mictis, Leach.

Mictis profana.

Mictis profana, Fabry. Syst. Rhyng. p. 211 (1803).

Hab. Mt. Mou, Noumea.

Subfam. Azyprvz.

Genus Mirperus, Stal.

Mirperus curvidens.

Mirperus curvidens, Montr. Ann. Soc, Linn, Lyon, (11) v. p. 254 (1858).

Hab. Central District, Mt. Mou.

Subfam. Corzrzrvz.

Genus SERINETHA.

Serinetha isolata.

Serinetha isolata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. p. 179 (1914).

Hab, Mt. Noumea.

Originally described from the Marshall Islands.

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 149

RANTURRA, gen. nov.

Body long, narrow and elongate ; head distinctly longer

than broad, produced beyond the antenniferous tubercles, the

lateral lobes distinctly bifidly separate at apices, two distinct

ocelli near base and between lower margins of eyes; antenna

with the basal joint longer and more robust than the other

joints ; rostrum with the basal joint not extending much

-beyond the middle of head, almost in a line with posterior

margins of eyes, apex about reaching the intermediate coxe ;

scutellum elongate, longer than broad, lateral margins

obliquely straight; membrane a little longer than corium, but

not reaching abdominal apex ; legs long and slender, femora

and tivie almost equal in length, the femora distinctly stouter

than the tibie ; tarsi with the basal joint much the longest.

Allied to Turrana, Dist., from Queensland, but differing

from that genus by the much more slender antennee, much

more elongate head, and longer and more slender legs, &e.

Ranturra attenuata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium brownish ochra-

ceous, the pronotum, scutellum, and corium thickly, finely,

darkly punctate, the anterior margin of the pronoium usually

narrowly pale sanguineous; membrane shining metallic

brown; abdomen above as seen beyond apex of membrane

more or less piceous, the lateral margins ochraceous ; body

beneath and legs ochraceous; sternum thickly, somewhat

coarsely punctate.

Long. 11-12 mm.

Hab, Central area of New Caledonia and Houadou R.

CRISTOVALLIA, gen. nov.

Body moderately elongate ; head large, about as long as

breadth at base (including eyes, which are large and promi-

nent), lateral margins anteriorly narrowed and concavely

sinuate, central lobe prominent but not passing apex of heal;

antenniferous tubercles stout and prominent; antenne with

the basal and apical joints stoutest, second and third slender,

second longest; rostrum reaching base of abdomen, first

joint scarcely passing base of head ; mesosternum centrally

incised; pronotum a little shorter than broad, obliquely,

straightly deflected from near base to apex, lateral margins

straightly narrowing to apex, lateral angles prominent ;

scutellum subtriangular ; corium and membrane subequal in

length ; legs moderately slender, femora and tibie subequal

150 Mr. W. L. Distant on

in length, the femora moderately and equally thickened for

their own length.

The length and shape of the head denotes affinity with the

genera Clavigralla and Ceraleptus.

Cristovallia typica, sp. v.

Head testaceous brown, lateral margins before and behind

eyes ochraceous, eyes dark castaneous ; ocelli at base

purplish red ; antennee with the first, second, and third joints

pale castaneous, their extreme apices and the fourth joint

(excluding a pale basal annulation) black, basal joint stoutest

and moderately curved; pronotum ochraceous, its basal

margin dark castaneous ; scutellum ochraceous; corium and

membrane dark castaneous, their lateral margins ochraceous ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous ; pronotum thickly coarsely

punctate, the basal angles subacutely straightly prominent ;

corium thickly punctate ; sternum thickly coarsely punctate.

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. Baie Ovemo.

Fam. Lygeide.

Subfam. Lyvezxrmz.

Genus Lyaaus, Fabr.

Lygeus hospes.

Lyge@us hospes, Faby. Ent. Syst. iv. p. 150 (1794).

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Genus ONCOPELTUS, Stal.

Oncopeltus rubromarginatus, sp. n.

Body above, antenne, and legs black; connexivum,

sternum, and abdomen beneath sanguineous; antennee mode-

rately stout, basal joint only just passing apex of head, second

joint longer than third, fourth stoutest, about as long as

second joint; body depressed; pronotum with the basal

angles a little posteriorly produced, a faint, central, longitu-

_ dinal carination and a much stronger transverse subapical

carination, the surface somewhat coarsely punctate; scutellum

slightly tumescent and broadly, centrally, longitudinally

carinate; corium with the veins very prominent, membrane

reaching abdominal apex, the venation distinctly prominent ;

rostrum almost unseen in carded type.

Long. 7 mm.

Hab. Central District.

ile i,

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. $52

Nysius caledonia, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous, somewhat

thickly darkly punctate ; eyes and an elongate spot near their

inner margins, a narrow transverse fascia near anterior margin

of pronotum, basal margin, a central longitudinal line and

basal angles to same, basal margin, and a central longitudinal

line to scutellum black ; antennze ochraceous, first and fourth

joints and extreme apices of second and third joints distinetly

darker, sometimes blackish in hue; corium dull pale ochira-

ceous, membrane greyish white ; body ‘beneath and legs dull

ochraceous, femora blackly punctate, apices of tarsal joints

black ; second and fourth joints of antenne longest and sub-

equal in length, basal joint shortest and with the fourth joint

stoutest; basal area of abdomen beneath and large macula-

tions to sternum black; rostrum about reaching posterior

coxe ; three small linear black spots on apical margin of

corium.

Long. 4-44 mm.

Hab. Central District; Gondé.

Allied to WN. delectus, Buch. White, from the Sandwich

Islands,

Subfam. Burssrvz.

Genus Macrores, Motsch.

Macropes montaguet, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black, apex of the first and basal third

of the second pale testaceous, scutellum testaceous ; corium

stramineous ; membrane greyish, tle veins blackish ; head

and sternum beneath blackish, abdomen and legs sanguineous ;

central lobe of head distinctly projecting ; antennee with the

fourth and second joints longest, first joint not quite reaching

apex of head; corium and membrane short, the latter only

just passing the base of the fourth abdominal segment ; ante-

rior and intermediate femora distinctly incrassated, the first

spinous beneath.

Long. 63-7 mm.

Hab. Plaine des Lacs.

Subfam. Gzocorrv2z.

Genus Nreocypus, Dist.

Neocypus variegatus.

Ocypus variegatus, Montr. Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. (4) iii. p, 68 (1861),

Hab. Mt. St. Arago ; Mt. Ignambi.

152 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Neocypus seutellatus, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, finely darkly punctate, the stylated eyes

pale castaneous, their bases ochraceous ; antennee ochraceous ;

apices of the first, second, and third joints and the whole of

the fourth joint black; pronotum ochraceous, coarsely thickly

punctate, the margins and a central longitudinal line pale

levigate ochraceous, a prominent black spot on each basal

angle and two similar spots near anterior margin; scutellum

ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate, a central pale

levigate longitudinal line extending from apex to about one-

third from anterior margin, where it bifurcates towards the

basal angles, which are black ; corium pale ochraceous, the

clavus distinetly darker in hue, an angulate elongate black

line extending from about the apical third of costal marvin

to near middle of apical margin, and the apical angles black,

a prominent black spot at apex of membrane ; legs very pale

ochraceous ; femora blackly punctate, more densely so near

apices, extreme apices of tibiae and apices of tarsal joints

black ; antennee with the first, second, and third joints ochira-

ceous, their apices and the whole of the fourth joint black or

dark fuscous, second joint longest, third and fourth joints

subequal in length ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded

specimens.

Long. 43-53 mm.

Hah. Central District; Mt. St. Arago and Rhoo Houadou R.

Neocypus minor, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, obscurely, thickly, finely punctate, the

punctures not darkened, a small central black spot near apex,

the stylated eyes reddish castaneous, their bases ochraceous ;

antennee ochraceous, the extreme apices of the first, second,

aud third joints and the whole of the fourth joint black ;

pronotum somewhat short and broad, coarsely, thickly,

blackly punctate, a transverse levigate, slightly raised, ochra-

ceous fascia near anterior margin and a similar fascia at basal

margin, a minute black spot at basal angles ; scutellum

‘ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate, a central, pale,

narrow, longitudinal, levigute line extending throughout its

entire length, and a similar levigate angular spot at each

basal angle, well separated from the central line, basal angles

concolorous, not black ; corinm pale ochraceous, the clavus

thickly blackly punctate, the discal area more darkly ochra-

ceous in hue; membrane pale hyaline, reflecting the darker

abdomen beneath; legs pale ochraceous, femora not blackly

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 153

punctate; antennze with the first, second, and third joints

ochraceous, their extreme apices and the whole of the fourth

joint blacks second joint longest, third distinctly shorter than

fourth ; body beneath imper rfeetly seen in carded specimen.

Long. 44 mm.

(No precise locality given.)

The shorter and broader pronotum and the absence of thie

prominent black spots near anterior margin of same will alone

distinguish this species from JM. scutellatus.

Neoeypus montanus, sp. n

Head, pronotum, and corium dark purplish red ; head and

pronotum more or less densely greyishly pubescent, apex of

head black, eyes castaneous, their bases pale stramineous ;

antennee castaneous, second joint longest, fourth mutilated ;

scutellum pale shining greyish white, ‘extreme base and apex

dark purplish red; membrane pale semihy aline, reflecting the

dark abdomen beneath; body beneath purplish red; head

beneath, large marginal spots to sternum, and broad abdo-

minal segmental margins creamy white ; legs ochraceous, the

farsi testaceous ; rostrum purplish red, but imperfectly seen

in carded specimen.

Long. 65 mm.

Hab, Mt. 8S. Arago.

Genus NEOGERMALUS, Montand.

Neogermalus membraneus.

Opthalmicus membraneus, Montr. Ann, Soc, Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 67.

Neogermalus membraneus, Montand. Bull. Ac. Roum. ii. p. 50 (1913).

Neogermalus membraneus, Montand. Bull. Ac. Roum. ii. p. 51 (1913).

Germalus montandoni, Bergr. Roy. Soc, Victoria, xxix. (n. 8.) pt. I,

p. 36 (1916).

Subfam. OxycarEeninz.

Genus OxYCARENUS, Fieb.

Owvycarenus luctuosus.

Oxycarenus luctuosus, Montr. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr, 1861, p, 67.

Hab. Noumea.

Genus LACHNOPHOROIDES, Dist.

Lachnophoroides luteovaria, sp. 0.

Head and pronotum black ; lateral margins of the head in

154 Mr. W. L. Distant on

front of eyes greyish white ; posterior area of pronotum with

three longitudinal ochraceous lines and a spot of the same

colour near middle of lateral margins; scutellum black ;

corium black, claval area, base, some small discal spots, and

inner apical margin reddish ochraceous ; membrane black,

with irregular dark ochraceous spots; body beneath—iin-

perfectly seen in carded type—pale castaneous ; femora and

tibize black, their apices and the tarsi pale ochraceous ;

antennee with the first and second joints ochraceous, third and

fourth joints piceous, first considerably passing apex of head,

second a little longest, fourth a little shorter than third ;

pronotum transverse, about as long as broad at base, trans-

versely impressed behind middle; femora incrassate, anterior

femora more strongly so, spined beneath, more longly so near

apices,

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Central District.

Subfam. Arzanivz.

Cligenes niveomaculatus, sp. n.

Body above dull sanguineous ; eyes black; a spot-on each

lateral margin of pronotum, the same on lateral margins of

scutellum near base, and two smaller spots at apical margins

of same, a small basal marginal spot to corium, and a larger

spot margined with black beyond middle white, narrowly

margined with black; apical margins of corium narrowly

ochraceous; membrane black; body beneath sanguineous ;

legs ochraceous ; antenne ochraceous, apical joint piceous,

first, third, and fourth joints subequal in length, second joint

a little longest ; pronotum medially transversely impressed.

Long. 25 mm.

Hub. Houadou.

Genus LeTHZus, Dall.

Letheus tenebrosus.

Lethaus tenebrosus, Dist. in Noy. Caled. Zool. i. L. iv. no. 10, p. 382,

pl. xii. fig. 4 (1914).

Hab. Heingheue.

Letheus aurantiacus.

Letheus aurantiacus, Dist. in Nov. Caled. Zool. i. L. iy. no. 10, p. 382,

pl. xii. fig. 5 (1914),

In the specimens received from the Montague collection

the castaneous areas of the femora and antenne are ochraceous.

Hab. Carovin and Central Districts.

ae Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 155

MIRRHINA, gen. nov.

Head acuminate, more than half the length of pronotum,

acuminately produced in front of eyes; antenne with the

basal joint longly passing apex of head, first and second joints

longest and almost subequal in length, third and fourth joints

shortest ; rostrum about reaching the intermediate coxe, first

joint not reaching base of head; pronotum finely transversely

constricted, the anterior lobe shorter than the posterior, lateral

margins sinuate ; scutellum somewhat large and long, the

apex subacute; corium a little longer than membrane, the

latter with the veins more or less reticulate; legs with the

femora a little thickened, but not distinctly incrassate ; mem-

brane slightly passing abdominal apex *.

Mirrhina albicollis, sp. n.

Head dark castaneous, eyes black ; antenne with the first

and second joints ochraceous, third and fourth joints piceous ;

pronotum with the anterior collar pale ochraceous, the anterior

lobe castaneous, the posterior lobe brownish ochraceous,

darkly punctate, with darker longitudinal lines ; scutelluin

piceous, the lateral margins and apex ochraceous ; corium

ochraceous, darkly punctate, usually with a small greyish-

white spot, the apical margin narrowly piceous; membrane

dull ochraceous, with darker margins and a central longitu-

dinal dark line; legs ochraceous ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 4-44 min,

flab. Houadou, Mt. St. Arago.

Fam. Pyrrhocoride.

Genus Dyspercus, Amy. & Serv.

Dysdercus side.

Dysdercus side, Montr. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 68.

flab. Central District, Houadou R., Mt. Mou, Mt. Dore.

Fam, Tingidide.

Division CANTACADERARIA,

CoRINTHUS, gen. nov.

Head about as long as breadth between eyes, a long,

* From the descriptions the species Lygeus pulchellus, Montr., and

Lygeus biguttatus, Monty. (Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, vy. p. 255, 1858),

appear to also belong to this genus. ;

156 Mr. W. L. Distant on

slightly recurved, and upwardly directed spine in front of each

eye; antenne inserted near middle of the lateral margins of

the head, basal joint robust, longer than broad, second joint

shorter than first and only moderately incrassated, third joint

very long and slender, fourth moderately incrassated, a little

longer than first; rostrum imperfectly seen in carded speci-

mens; pronotum with the lateral margins moderately laminate

and upwardly recurved; scutellum a little longer than

broad ; hemelytra reticulated, with the areas distinct.

Allied to Gonycentrum, Fieb., but differing by the much

larger and more elongate scutellum, which is centrally and

laterally longitudinally strongly carinate.

Corinthus typicus, sp. n.

Stramineons, the lateral areas of the pronotum and _ the

lateral and apical areas of the hemelytra paler in hue ; apical

joint of the antenne black, with its extreme base stramineous ;

pronotum with two ochraceous slightly conically raised spots

near middle, divided by a central longitudinal carination ;

there is also a less continuous longitudinal carination on each

lateral area, the lateral areas laminately upturned and more

largely and prominently reticulate; scutellum prominently

and laterally longitudinally carinate ; lateral and apical areas

of the hemelytra more prominently and largely reticulate, as

in the pronotum.

Long. 35 mm.

Hab. Houadou.

Compseuta signata, sp. n.

Head black ; antennze ochraceous, apical joint (excluding

extreme base) black; pronotum ochraceous, with two spots

behind head and two elongate spots near apex black, the

anterior margin narrowly and the apex more prominently

pale ochraceous ; legs ochraceous ; elytra pale ochraceous, the

margins of the tas on about basal third black ; costal area

of the elytra moderately ampliate, the pronotum laterally

convexly narrowed behind eyes ; first joint of antennee about

twice the length of second joint, third joint much the longest ;

pronotum later: ally concavely narrowed behind eyes.

Long. 4 mm.

Alab, Paompai.

NOBARNUS, gen. nov.

Antenne slender, finely pilose, first and second joints short

and incrassate, second much shorter than first, third very

¢

{

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 157

Jong and slender, fourth only about as long as first; head -

short, transverse; eyes not separated from anterior margin of

pronotum ; pronotum with the anterior margin truncate, the

anterior angles not prominent, somewhat broadly rounded,

slightly laterally ampliate, centrally longitudinally tricarinate,

the carinations straight; elytra with the costal area non-

ampliate, but narrow, the areolets small.

Allied to Compseuta, Stal, but differing by the non-ampliated

costal area ot the elytra, the pronotum not laterally concavely

narrowed behind eyes, &c.

Nobarnus typicus, sp. n.

Head black, antennze ochraceous, the apical joint (excluding

extreme base) black ; pronotum black, the lateral margins,

apex, and tliree discal longitudinal lines pale ochraceous ;

elytra pale ochraceous, the basal and apical areas broadly

piceous aud very narrowly connected by a longitudinal series

of darker cells ; abdomen above shining black ; body beneath

imperfectly seen in carded specimen ; anterior and, inter-

mediate legs ochraceous ; structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Mt. Arago.

Fam. Aradide.

Subfam. Bracnyruyncuing.

Phleobia say.

Phleobia sayi, Monty. Ann, Soc. Linn, Lyon, (2) xi. p, 236 (1865).

Hab. Dumbea.

Clenoneurus lifuanus.

Ctenoneurus lifuanus, Montr. Ann, Soc. Ent, Fr, 1861, p. 69.

Hab. Noumea.

Fam. Hydrometrida.

Subfam. Vzezrrwz.

Ethagovelia nigricans.

Rhagovelia nigricans, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 213 (1835),

Hab. Near Dumbea, Mt. Mou, Ignambi.

158 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Subfam. Gerri z.

Gerris luctuosa.

Gerris luctuosa, Monty. Ann. Soc. Linn, Lyon, xi. p. 242 (1864).

Hab. Central District, Mt. Mou.

Halobates germanus.

Halobates germanus, Buch. White, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool. vii.

p. 50, pl. i. fig. 6 (1883).

Hab. Ba Bay, Noumea.

Hal bates flaviventris.

Halobates flaviventris, Esch. Entomograph. i. p. 109, t. xi. fig. 5 (1822) ;

Buch. White, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool. vii. p. 55, t. xi. fig. 2

(1883).

Hab. Bay of Prony; Kaouakoué Bay; Ba Bay ; Noumea.

Apparently a variable species.

Fam. Reduviide.

,

Subfam. Hwesrv a.

Ploiariola babayana, sp. n.

Head, pronotumn, and scutellum pale ochraceous; eyes

black, lateral margins of pronotum black; abdomen above

pale testaceous, basal area black; body beneath and legs

ochraceous, anterior femora with three broad dull testaceous

annulations ; apices of the intermediate and posterior femora

black ; autenne: pale ochraceous, first joint longer than the

second, the apices of the first annulated with black; hemelytra

very pale luteous, mottled with darker macular markings and

with about four costal elongate blackish spots ; wings dull

vreyish white, the veins darker.

Long. 7 mm.

Hab. Ba Bay.

Subfam. Sarcry a.

Polytoxus jourdani.

Leptomera jourdant, Montr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (2) xi. p. 238 (1864).

Polytoxus jourdani, Schout. Ann, Soe, Ent. Belg. li. p. 117 (1907).

Hab. Carovin, Houadou R.

0 gS eR Eb

~~

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 15

Subfam. Srevoroprnz.

Sastrapada armata.

Sastrapada armata, Montr, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (2) xi, p. 239 (1864).

Hab. Central District.

Sastrapada nigrolineata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale dull ochraceous, head

with the lateral margins of the central lobe and two central,

longitudinal, anteriorly and posteriorly divergent lines on basal

area between eyes and the lateral margins behind eyes pale

fuscous brown; ocelli reddish, eyes black ; antenne pale

dull ochraceous, second joint longest ; pronotum with three

longitudinal linear dark fascize, of which one is central and

the other two sublateral; scutellum with a broad, central,

dark, longitudinal fascia and the basal angles of the same

hue; tegmina dull ochraceous, with darker linear and macu-

late suffusions, the costal area distinctly paler; membrane

greyish, the veins darker, the apical area also darkly suffused ;

body beneath—imperfectly seen in carded specimen—and the

legs pale dull ochraceous; anteocular portion of head longer

than posterior portion, obsoletely broadly prominent behind

eyes, rostrum with the first joint about equal in length to the

two apical joints together; anterior femora moderately

incrassated, shortly spinose beneath.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. Central District.

Oncocephalus velutinus.

Oncocephalus velutinus, Montr, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (2) xi. p. 239

(1864).

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Subfam. AcanrHasPIpiInZz.

UTILITARIA, gen. nov.

Head large and robust, anteocular a little longer than post-

ocular area, eyes large, extending transversely across the

lateral areas of the head, anterior margin biangulate ; an-

tenne with the first joint about as long as head, basal joint a

little stoutest, moderately curved, and shorter than the second

joimt; rostrum robust, first and second joints subequal in

length, apical joint reaching the anterior coxe; pronotum

160 Mr. W. L. Distant on

about twice as broad at base-as at anterior margin, the

anterior angles tuberculously acute, transversely constricted

near middle, the anterior area convex and rugosely convoluted,

the posterior area broadly but not deeply centrally sulcate,

the lateral angles shortly but robustly acute ;. scutellum with

the apex somewhat strongly and longly apically recurved ;

femora moderately long, anterior femora the more robust ;

abdomen beneath centrally convexly ridged ; connexivum

broad and somewhat at right angles with the abdomen.

Allied to Gerbelius, Dist.

Utilitaria aod sp. 0.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum dull black; lateral margins

of head near insertion of antenne, lateral margins between

eyes, two circular fascize on anterior pronotal lobe, two oblique

fascia on each lateral area of the posterior lobe, the apices of

the lateral angles, and the narrow posterior pronotal margin

dull testaceous ; scutellum black, its apex dull testaceous ;

corium stramineous, the basal and apical areas, clavus, and a

few small spots on the pale area dull blackish ; membrane

piceous ; head and body beneath dull blackish ; legs ochra-

ceous, two broad annulations to femora, three annulations

to anterior and intermediate tibia, and two annulations to

posterior tibie black ; antennee with the first and second joints

stoutest and dull testaceous, remaining joints slender and dull

ochraceous, second joint longest ; ; anterior pronotal angles

somewhat shortly and robustly produced, posterior pronotal

angles more strongly produced, disk of pronotum rugosely

punctate ; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 11 mm.

Hab. Central District.

Fam. Capside.

Callicratides antennalis, sp. n.

Ochraceous ; eyes black ; antennez ochraceous, basal joint

pale sanguineous, apex of second joint black, third and fourth

joints black, with their bases narrowly ochraceous ; pronotum

with a short longitudinal black line on basal area, three spots

(sometimes wanting) on the anterior collar, and the extreme

basal angles black, basal marginal area more or less casta-

neous ; margins and a central longitudinal line to scutellum,

inner and outer margins of clavus, and narrow apical margins

to corium black ; membrane very pale ochraceous, with the

venation black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, apices of

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 161

the femora castaneous ; corium more or less pale castaneous,

with the lateral marginal areas and the cuneus very pale

ochraceous ; antennz with the basal joint incrassated, about

as long as head, second joint longest, moderately thickened,

about four times as long as first ; scutellum moderately long,

tumid, subdepressed, and longitudinally sulcate; femora

moderately incrassated.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Central District and Upper Houadou R.

Allied to C. rama, Kirby, from Ceylon and Seychelles.

FALISCUS, gen. nov.

Elongate; head moderately robust and tumid, narrowly

and obscurely centrally longitudinally sulcate near base ;

autenne with the first joint about as long as pronotum,

second joint longest, third scarcely more than half the length

of second; pronotum elongate, with a broad anterior collar,

broadly transversely depressed near middle, the anterior lobe

distinctly narrower than the posterior lobe, which has the

basal angles nodulose ; scutellum moderately tumid, about as

broad at base as long; hemelytra much longer than broad,

the lateral margins slightly convex, cuneus elongate ; legs

somewhat long and slender; rostrum about reaching the

intermediate cox; membrane elongate, distinctly longer

than broad.

Allied to Harpedona, Dist.

Faliseus cuneatus, sp. n.

Ochraceous, maculately marked with fuscous and red ;

antennz dull ochraceous, apices of first and second joints

black, bases and apices of third joint narrowly greyish white;

eyes black ; head with a central reddish longitudinal line, the

lateral margins behind eyes narrowly black ; pronotum thickly

daikly punctate, the anterior lobe with its lateral areas

blackish ; scutellum with the basal angles and apex black ;

clavus darkly punctate and finely maculate, the spots on thie

apical area rather larger ; corium darkly maculate and more

or less suffused with fuscous, the dark spots on lateral areas

largest, cuneus distinctly spotted with red ; membrane ochra-

ceous, somewhat largely suffused with fuscous ; legs ochra-

ceous, annulated with fuscous, the posterior tibize less so than

the anterior and intermediate tibiz, basal areas of the femora

sparingly spotted with red; other structural characters as in

generic diagnosis.

Long. 7-8 mm.

Hab. Mt. St. Arago.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 11

162 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Megacelum nigroscutellatum, sp. n.

Ochraceous, moderately and testaceously punctate ; an-

tenne ochraceous, apices of the first and second joints fuscous ;

eyes black ; pronotum with the lateral areas generally more

or less testaceous, two dark spots on anterior lobe and a series

of dark spots on basal margin, the whole surface distinctly

punctate ; scutellum with Sake apex broadly black; corium

finely, more darkly, and testaceously punctate, the lateral

marginal areas paler and sparsely maculate ; cuneus finely

testaceously maculate ; membrane dull ereyish with darker

suffusions ;- legs pale ochraceous, the apical areas of the

femora and the tibiee with darker annulations; first joint of

antenne slightly incrassated, a little longer than head, second

joint about twice as long as first; membrane passing abdo-

minal apex.

Var.—Scutellum with two small black spots on apical area,

not apically broadly black.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Central Districts, Upper Houadou, Gonde.

NEMESIANUS, gen. nov.

Subelongate ; head with a distinct central longitudinal

carination; eyes somewhat prominent, contiguous to the

anterior margin of the pronotum, but moderately projecting

beyond it; antennee with the first joint moderately incras-

sated, about as long as head, second joint about three times

as long as first, third and fourth joints short, slender, third a

little Tonger and stouter than fourth ; rostrum indistinctly

seen in carded specimens ; pronotum about as long as half

the width at base, the basal lateral angles subprominent, the

lateral margins a little concavely sinuate ; scutellum trian-

gular, about as long as broad at base; femora somewhat

strongly incrassate.

Allied to Tancredus, Dist.

Nemesianus nigroruber, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum dull dark sanguineous, eyes

aud basal area of pronotum piceous or black ; antenne with

the first joint testaceous, its apex narrowly black, second joint

pale testaceous, with nearly its apical half black, third and

fourth joints black, their extreme bases paler ; corium piceous,

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 163

cuneus testaceous, membrane piceous; femora testaceous,

tibize and tarsi ochraceous, apices of tarsi black ; structural

characters as in generic diagnosis,

Long. 4 mm.

Hab, Ceutral Districts.

Calocoris montaguet, sp. n.

Dull dark brownish ochraceous, head, anterior and lateral

areas of pronotum, lateral margin of corium, and the cuneus

pale ochraceous, a subbasal spot and apex of lateral margins

to corium dark anni ochraceous ; legs ochraceous, poste-

rior femora castaneous, their bases ochraceous ; body beneath

—imperfectly seen in carded specimens—testaceous brown ;

antennee pale ochraceous, apex of second joint black, third

and fourth joints more or less fuscous, basal joint stoutest,

about as long as head, second joint about or a little more than

twice as long as first; tibie setose, posterior femora somewhat

strongly thickened ; eyes black,

Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Central Districts, Upper Houadou R.

Calocoris nigristiymaticus, sp. 1.

Stramineous ; first joint of antenna (excluding apex and

base and apex of second joint), eyes, apices of scutellum and

clavus, basal and apical spots to cuneus, extreme base ot

posterior tarsi, and apices of all the tarsi black ; membrane

greyish white; first joint of antenne stoutest, about as long

as head, second joint longest ; femora moderately incrassated.

Long. 4 mm.

Lab, Central Districts.

Calocoris aragonus, sp. Nn. s

Pale stramineous; eyes and lateral margins of scutellum

dark testaceous, inner claval margins, a spot near claval apices,

and a central linear fascia to membrane bright sanguineous ;

apex of second antennal joint black, first joint about as long

as head, second joint three times as long as first; femora

moderately incrassated.,

Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Mt. St. Arago.

ELF

164 On Rhynchota from New Caledonia.

GUNADHYA, gen. nov.

First joint of the antennee considerably longer than the

head, second joint slightly shorter than first and a little more

than subequal in length to third joint ; pronotum almost

twice as broad at base as long and about three times the

breadth of anterior margin ; scutellum broad and subglobose ;

corium broad, the lateral margins rounded, ampliate and

recurved, cuneus large and ample; the posterior tarsi with

the apical joint longest.

Allied to Pucorus, Dist., from British India, but with the

corium shorter and broader, the lateral margins much more

convex, ampliate, and recurved.

Gunadhya rubrofasciata, sp. n.

Reddish ochraceous, lateral margins of corium more san-

guineous in hue, cuneus very pale stramineous in hue, its

posterior margin very narrowly pale fuscous; antenne,

rostrum, and legs pale stramineous; body beneath imperfectly

seen in carded type; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate ;

scutellum globose, impunctate; lateral margins of corium

convex, ampliate, and recurved, with sanguineous reticulations.

Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Upper Houadou R.

Family Pelogonide.

Subfam. Prroconrvz.

Pelogonus marginatus.

Pelogonus marginatus, Latr. (Acanthia) Hist. Ins. xii. p. 242 (1804).

Hab. Goudé; Houadou R.

Fam. Notonectidz.

Subfam. Norovzcriva.

Enithares bergrothi.

Enithares bergrothi, Montand, Rey. d’Ent. xi. p. 75 (1892).

Hab. Near Dumbea.

On a Whale-barnacle from Antarctic Seas. 165

XX.—A Whale-barnacle of the Genus Xenobalanus from

Antarctic Seas. By W. TT. Catman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Among the barnacles that infest the skin of whales Xeno-

balanus globicipitis, Steenstrup, is remarkable in that, although

belonging to the sessile or operculate group of the Cirripedia,

it closely resembles in general appearance the species of the

pedunculate genus Conchoderma. It has hitherto been known

only from the North Atlantic, and it seems desirable, there-

fore, to record the fact that the Natural History Museum has

recently received specimens of what appears to be the same

species from the Antarctic region.

Xenobalanus globictpitis, Steenstrup.

Xenobalanus globicipitis, Steenstrup, Overs, K. danske Vidensk. Selsk.

Forh, 1852, no. 2, p. 158; id. Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Foren. Kjében-

havn, 1851 (1852), p. 62, pl. iii. figs. 11-15 ; Darwin, Balanide, 1854,

p- 440, pl. xvii. figs. 4 a-4.¢; (with var. pallidus) Pilsbry, Bull. U.S,

Nat. Mus. xciii. 1916, p. 283, pl. Ixv. figs. 2, 2a, 25.

Locality.—South Shetland Islands, 5th March, 1918, from

the tail of a finner-whale. Collected by Mr, A. G. Bennett.

Distribution.—Faroe Islands, between Madeira and Eng-

land, Madeira, Azores (Steenstrup, Darwin) ; New England

(Pilsbry) : on pectoral, dorsal, and tail-fins of Globicephala.

Shetland, on tail of Balenoptera physalus, R. C. Haldane

Coll. (Mus. Brit. and Mus. Zool. Cambridge).

Remarks.—The specimens from the South Shetlands are in

very bad condition, few of them showing more than the basal

star-shaped shell and the empty cuticle of the body-sheath.

In one specimen two or three cirri are preserved. Further,

in consequence of having been kept for two years in

formalin, the shell is in all cases exceedingly friable, so that

it falls to pieces almost at a touch. In all characters that

can be ascertained, except that of size, however, the specimens

agree with the descriptions of X. globicipitis and with the

specimens in the Museum collection. Darwin.states that the

largest specimen he had seen was nearly 2 inches long, and

that its shell measured “ from extreme point to point nearly

a quarter of an inch in diameter.’ Among the specimens

from the South Shetlands the longest measures 75 mm., and

it is imperfect at the distal end, so that its length may have

166 On Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan.

been considerably greater. The greatest diameter of its shell,

measured obliquely from tip to tip of the “rays,”’ is 16 mm.

In the published records of the species the only hosts men-

tioned by name are species of (rlobicephala ; but, as noted

above, there are in the British Museum and in the Museum

of Zoology, Cambridge, specimens taken off Shetland by

Mr. R. C. Haldane from the tail of a finner-whale (Baleno-

ptera physalus). Similarly, the specimens now recorded from

the South Shetlands were attached near the margin of the

tail-flukes of an Antaretic finner, which many authorities

regard as specifically identical with B. physalus.

XXI1.—Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan in the

Channel Islands. By C. W. ANpbREwS, D.Sce., F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A SMALL collection of fragmentary bones from a cave in

St. Brelade’s Bay, Jersey, was recently sent to me by

Professor R. R. Marett, F.S.A., for examination. The

specimens were few and very imperfect, but they included

two interesting additions to the fauna previously recorded

from the locality. The most important 1 is the upper end of a

right humerus of the great auk (Alea impennis, Linn.) : this

fragment i is quite characteristic and unmistakable. Tie most

southerly locality from which remains of the species had

previously been recorded is, I believe, Co. Watertord, where

they were found in kitchen-imiddens, and described by R. G.

Ussher in the ‘Irish Naturalist,’ vol. viii., Jan. 1899, p. 1.

Prof. Marett informs me that in a recently opened recess of

the Cavern of Gargas (Hautes Pyrénécs) there was found

engraved on the wall the figure of a bird which was supposed

to represent the great auk. If this determination turns out

to be correct, it would show that the range of this bird was at

one time far greater than has hitherto been supposed.

The other interesting specimen from St. Brelade’s Bay is

a left tarso-metatarsus of the ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus,

Montin, sp.), also new to this locality. Previous collections

include remains of the woolly rhinoceros, reindeer, cave-bear,

and other characteristic Pleistocene animals,

On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 167

XXIT.— On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo.

By Ik1nAR LONNBERG and HIALMAR RENDAHL.

THE R. Nat. Hist. Museum in Stockholm has recently

received from the Swedish missionary, Rev. K. E. Laman,

D.D., a small collection of freshwater fishes collected in