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STUDIES OF

CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY

AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY

5

0>

or

Q_

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 23, NUMBER 2

FEBRUARY 14, 1944

PUBLICATION 549

NAT.

STUDIES OF

CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

THE LIBRARY OF THE

MAR 1 1 1944

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 23, NUMBER 2

FEBRUARY 14, 1944

PUBLICATION 549

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

V.

H I £> 1

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV

PAUL C. STANDLEY AND JULIAN A. STEYBRMARK

Almost all the new species described on the following pages are

Guatemalan and were discovered during the four botanical expedi-

tions to that country conducted on behalf of Field Museum of

Natural History by the authors. The paper includes a few nomen-

clatorial changes found necessary in the course of preparation of the

Flora of Guatemala, manuscript of which is now well advanced.

The manuscript for the family Vacciniaceae on the following pages

was contributed by Dr. A. C. Smith of the Arnold Arboretum, and

that of the Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae by Dr. Robert E. Wood-

son, Jr., of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

BUTOMACEAE

Hydrocleis Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Caespitosa, rhizo-

mate abbreviate; folia longipetiolata, petiolis teretibus 25-30 cm.

longis; lamina foliorum natantium firme membranacea ovalis vel

-. late oblonga, basi et apice rotundata, 4-6.7 cm. longa 3-4 cm. prope

medium lata, utrinque areolato-reticulata, nervis lateralibus 6;

scapi 8-10 et 17-29 cm. longi umbellatim 5-11-flori; bracteae

$• oblongo-lanceolatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, subacutae vel acutae,

T 1.8-2.5 cm. longae; pedicelli adscendentes apice paullo dilatati, 3-5

cm. longi; sepala membranacea erecta lanceolata, subobtusa vel

subacuta, 15-19 mm. longa 3.5-4 mm. lata, costa excentrica, dorso

^ carinata; petala lutea 6-7 mm. longa oblongo-obovata subobtusa;

^ stamina fertilia 6, sterilibus 2-3, filamentis complanatis 2.5 mm.

- longis glabris; antherae oblongae 1.3-1.5 mm. longae; ovaria 3

s lanceolata, stylis brevibus; follicula membranacea 12-13 mm. longa;

« semina numerosa hippocrepiformia brunnea 0.8-0.9 mm. longa. —

L Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: In swamp on plains along the railroad,

1 between Agua Blanca and Amatillo, alt. about 950 meters, October,

1939, Julian A. Steyermark 30416 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Apparently related to the South American H. parvi flora Seub.,

from which it differs in its acute rather than acuminate, more numer-

ous bracts, which are broader and of a different shape; in the many-

flowered instead of 2-3-flowered umbels; in the larger, obtuse or

subobtuse rather than acutish leaves; in the fewer stamens; and in

*' the wider, more bluntly tipped sepals.

31

32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

CYPERACEAE

Scleria latifolia Swartz, var. arundinacea (Kunth) Standl. &

Steyerm., stat. nov. S. arundinacea Kunth, Enum. PI. 2: 347. 1837.—

This differs from S. latifolia only in the color of the achenes, a charac-

ter that can scarcely be of specific significance.

COMMELINACEAE

Campelia Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Herba perennis

60-100 cm. alta, caule sparse denseve sericeo; folia caulina late

oblanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica 9-25 cm. longa 2.5-6 cm. lata,

acuminata vel caudato-acuminata, basin versus sensim angustata,

parte basilari petioliformi 1-2 cm. longa, supra glabra, subtus dense

sericea; vaginae laxae membranaceae 1.3-2.5 cm. longae, sparse vel

dense sericeae, marginibus ciliolatis; pedunculi terminales axil-

laresque, breves vel elongati, erecto-adscendentes, 1-15 cm. longi,

dense sericei; bracteae ad basin inflorescentiae 2, reductae et spathi-

formes, ovatae, abrupte caudato-acuminatae, basi lata subcordatae

vel rotundatae, subtus dense breviter sericeae, 1-2 cm. longae;

pedicelli breves, bracteolis conspicuis scariosis 7-10 mm. longis;

sepala 4.5-5 mm. longa firme membranacea; petala pallide lilacina

vel alba; semina pallide brunnescentia 2.3-3 mm. longa 1.5-2 mm.

lata, convolute et non profunde rugosa. — Guatemala: Dept. San

Marcos: Slopes above Finca El Porvenir, on "Todos Santos Chi-

quitos," lower southern slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-

1,500 meters, March, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 37187 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.); also Nos. 37211 and 37181, from the same

locality. Wet forest, Finca Vergel, near Rodeo, 900 meters, March,

1939, Standley 68971.

In its 3-bracteate inflorescence this differs conspicuously from

C. hirsuta Standl. and C. Zanonia (L.) HBK. The largest of the

bracts in C. Standleyi is 8-11 cm. long and 3-4.5 wide, which is much

larger than the largest ones in C. Zanonia, which are only 1.5-8 cm.

long and 0.8-2.5 cm. wide. The peduncles in C. Standleyi are much

more bracteate, the inflorescence is more densely flowered, and the

sericeous type of pubescence on peduncles, upper portion of stems,

leaves, and sheaths is not found in the other two species. In addi-

tion, the bractlets of C. Standleyi are larger than in the other species.

Commelina erecta L. var. angustifolia (Michx.) Fernald,

forma cana Standl. & Steyerm., f. nov. — A varietate angustifolia

differt petalis albis. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Along railroad

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 33

between La Fragua and Estanzuela, alt. 200 meters, October 5, 1939,

Julian A. Steyermark 29136 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This white-flowered form is most closely related to C. erecta L.

var. angustifolia (Michx.) Fern, as denned by Fernald (Rhodora 42:

439. 1940). It was to be expected that albino forms should appear

among the different varieties of C. erecta segregated by Professor

Fernald.

Commelina erecta L. forma Candida Standl. & Steyerm.,

f. nov. — A typo differt petalis albis. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa:

Shade of wooded slopes, along railroad, between Zacapa and Santa

Marta, alt. 200 meters, October 7, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29267

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). — Mexico: Chihuahua: Canyon bottom,

Guasaremos, Rio Mayo, August 20, 1936, H. S. Gentry 2403; cespi-

tose, stems weak and recumbent, as long as a meter; flowers white.

This form differs from typical C. erecta L. as defined by Fernald

(Rhodora 42: 435-441. 1940) in the white instead of blue petals.

On account of the long white-villous pubescence at the base of the

spathes and the large, lanceolate or broadly ovate-lanceolate main

leaves, it is most closely related to C. erecta forma intercursa Fernald

(Rhodora 42: 439. 1940).

Commelina erecta var. angustifolia, forma villosa (Clarke)

Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. — Commelina virginica d villosa C. B.

Clarke in DC. Monogr. Phan. 3: 183. 1881. Commelina elegans var.

hirsute Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 136. 1930.

Commelina robusta Kunth, forma vestita (Clarke) Standl. &

Steyerm., comb. nov. — Commelina monticola Seub. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

3, pt. 1: 264. 1855. C. monticola var. vestita C. B. Clarke in DC.

Monogr. Phan. 3: 162. 1882.

Commelina Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Perennis her-

bacea, caulibus erectis sparse foliatis 70-80 cm. altis, inferne glabra-

tis, superne scaberulis; folia linearia 7-13 cm. longa 2.5-4.5 mm. lata

acuminata, basi vix angustata, utrinque dense scaberula, marginibus

scaberulo-ciliatis pallidis incrassatis; vaginae inferiores et medianae

2.2-4 cm. longae 2.5-3 mm. latae, hirsutulae vel glabratae, margine

densius albo-ciliato; pedunculi terminales 1-2.5 cm. longi scaberulo-

hirtelli; spathae falcato-ovatae longiacuminatae, 2-2.5 cm. longae

1-1.3 cm. altae, scaberulo-hirtellae, marginibus incrassatis scaberulo-

ciliatis; flores caerulei. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Pine-covered

34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

slopes, Sierra de las Minas along trail between Rio Hondo and sum-

mit of mountain at Finca Alejandria, alt. 1,000-1,500 meters,

October, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29644 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.).

Commelina Standleyi is related to C. erecta var. hamipila

(Wright) Fernald and to some forms of C. scabra Benth. in its narrow

leaves, but it is amply distinct from both those species. From C.

erecta var. hamipila it is distinguished at once by its ciliate and

longer sheaths and by its narrower ciliate leaves, which are scabrous

on both sides. From C. scabra it differs principally in its closed

instead of open sheaths, and in the narrower leaves, which are not

undulate on the margins as in C. scabra.

Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Schlecht. forma puberula Standl. &

Steyerm., f. nov. — Internodii superiores et medii caulis ubique

minute pubescentes; caetera formae typicae speciei omnino similis.—

Mexico: Chihuahua: Moist canyon bottom, oak-pine forest, Sierra

Canelo, Rio Mayo, August, 1936, H. S. Gentry 2525 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.); flowers blue; upper stamens with yellow hairs, the

lower ones with blue hairs. Guerrero: Rio Balsas, August, 1910,

C. R. Orcutt 4185. Puebla: Vicinity of San Luis Tultitlanapa, near

Oaxaca, August, 1908, C. A. Purpus 3071.

In typical T. erecta the upper and middle portions of the stem

are marked with two longitudinal lines of pubescence, but in f.

puberula these portions are finely pubescent over the whole surface.

From T. macrophylla Wats, this form differs in the glandular-pubes-

cent sepals, the sepals in that species being eglandular and finely

pubescent over the whole surface.

Tinantia leiocalyx C. B. Clarke, forma glabra Standl. &

Steyerm., f. nov. — Caules glabri vel sparse pubescentes; folia supra

pilis paucis tenuibus prope apicem exceptis glabra, subtus vulgo

glabra, supra secus margines minute puberula, ciliolata, inferne in

partem petioliformem usque 4 cm. longam angustata; vaginae longi-

ciliatae glabrae vel sparse puberulae; pedunculi glabri vel puberuli;

sepala glabra 8-11 mm. longa, apice plus minusve angustata.—

Mexico: Veracruz: On rocks, El Fortin, September, 1934, C. A. Pur-

pus 16201 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Sinaloa, without locality,

J. G. Ortega 6719. — Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala, in 1939, Ignacio

Aguilar 118.

This differs from typical T. leiocalyx in having glabrous or

sparsely puberulent instead of conspicuously retrorse-pubescent

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 35

stems, and in having the upper leaf surface almost glabrous rather

than densely and finely puberulent.

Tinantia longipedunculata Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. —

Perennis, caulibus erectis 30-50 cm. altis 3-4 mm. crassis, glabris

vel sparse antrorso-puberulis; folia membranacea supra sparse

denseve adpresso-pilosa, subtus glabrata vel sparse adpresso-

puberula, dense ciliolata, 7-12 cm. longa 3-4.5 cm. lata inferne in

partem petioliformem 1-3 cm. longam angustata; vagina dilatata

membranacea laxe ciliata, glabrata vel sparse adpresso-pubescens,

4-8 mm. longa 3-8 mm. lata; pedunculi graciles 5-10 cm. longi

minute antrorso-pubescentes, simpliciter racemosi vel apice bifidi,

4-14-flori, inflorescentia 2-5 cm. longa 3-4 cm. lata, bracteis parvis

vix evolutis ca. 1 mm. longis; pedicelli patentes vel adscendentes

7-10 mm. longi, minute puberuli vel glabrati; sepala glabra 8-9

mm. longa, apicem obtusum versus angustata; capsula 9 mm. longa

5 mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept. Escuintla: Santa Lucia, alt. 300

meters, January, 1894, Heyde & Lax 6392 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). — Costa Rica: Guanacaste, in forest, alt. 10 meters, June,

1925, H. E. Stork 2770. — Mexico: Sonora: In forest, San Bernardo,

Rio Mayo, August, 1935, H. S. Gentry 1655. Jalisco: Damp places

in woods, Tuxpan, Hacienda del Conejo, alt. 20 meters, November,

1926, Ynes Mexia 1072. Without locality, Sesse & Mocino 4996.

Related to T. leiocalyx C. B. Clarke, and differing principally in

the longer peduncles, which are curved or somewhat sigmoid rather

than strictly erect. The sepals of T. leiocalyx are usually longer than

those of T. longipedunculata.

Tinantia Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Perennis, caulibus

crassis erectis 1 m. altis glabris vel glabratis; folia supra sparse

denseve minute pubescentia, subtus glabrata vel dense pubescentia,

ciliata, abrupte acuminata, subsessilia vel sensim basi in partem

petioliformem 1-2.5 cm. longam angustata; vagina membranacea

glabra vel sparse villosula 1.5-2.5 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata; pedunculi

dense glanduloso-villosi apice 2-6-fidi, 16-100-flori, vulgo densiflori,

inflorescentia 6-13 cm. longa 5-14 cm. lata; bracteae bene evolutae

patentes lanceolatae vel ovatae acutae vel acuminatae dense glandu-

loso-villosae; sepala subobtusa dense glanduloso-villosa; petala 1 cm.

longa; stylus barbatus; capsula 10-13 mm. longa 4 mm. lata; semina

grosse rugosa 2.5-3 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept.

Quezaltenango: Open moist thickets along stream, lower southern

slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and

36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Calahuache', alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, January, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 33605 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Above Mujulia,

damp dense mixed forest on white sand slopes, 1,800 meters, Feb-

ruary, 1941, Standley 85496. San Marcos: Finca El Porvenir,

Volcan de Tajumulco, 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark 37502.

Dept. Chiquimula: Volcan de Ipala, 900-1,500 meters, Steyermark

30488. Dept. Sacatepe"quez: Near Las Lajas, 1,200 meters, R. P.

Strong 64.— Costa Rica: Las Nubes, 1,800 meters, P. H. Allen 710.

Region of Zarcero, 1,500 meters, Austin Smith A633, H30.

This has been confused with T. erecta (Jacq.) Schlecht., from

which it may be distinguished by the non-ciliate sheaths, long

peduncles, stouter, more luxuriant habit, larger and differently

shaped leaves, and larger sepals.

Tradescantia aguensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

perennis, caule erecto 50 cm. alto ramoso patenti-villoso, pilis 1-2

mm. longis; folia lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata 4-6.5 cm. longa

1-1.5 cm. lata acuminata, basi subaequaliter cuneata, supra sparse

pilosa, ciliata; vaginae tenues 4-5 mm. longae 2-5 mm. latae vil-

losae ciliatae; bracteae 2 inaequales lanceolatae 2-4 cm. longae

0.4-1.5 cm. latae; inflorescentiae terminales et axillares longi-

pedunculatae, umbellis 3-4-floris, pedicellis patentibus vel reflexis

filiformibus glabris vel glabratis 4-11 mm. longis; sepala tenuia

scarioso-marginata 2-3 mm. longa lanceolato-oblonga acuta glabra;

petala pallide caerulea 2.5 mm. longa; filamenta 1.5 mm. longa medio

barbata; capsula 3-3.5 mm. longa, seminibus 5-6 fusco-brunneis

inaequaliter sulcatis 1.25 mm. longis 1 mm. latis. — Guatemala:

Dept. Sacatepe"quez: Moist shaded bank, slopes of Volcan de Agua,

north of Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,800-2,100 meters, December,

1938, Paul C. Standley 59358 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This appears to be related to T. geniculata Jacq., from which it

differs in the spreading pubescence of the stems, simple umbels,

deflexed or spreading pedicels, more pubescent sheaths, glabrous

sepals and pedicels, and the geminate bracts at the top of the stem.

It is related also to T. pulchella HBK., from which it differs princi-

pally in its pubescence and longer pedicels.

Tradescantia disgrega Kunth, forma glandulosa Standl. &

Steyerm., f. nov. — A forma typica speciei differt pedunculis glabris,

sepalis 5-6 mm. longis longe glanduloso-pilosis. — Guatemala: Dept.

Zacapa: Pine-covered slopes, Sierra de las Minas, along trail between

Rio Hondo and summit of mountain at Finca Alejandria, alt. 1,000-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 37

1,500 meters, October, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29751 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Chimaltenango: Finca La Alameda,

1,800 meters, November, 1936, John R. Johnston 379.

In this form the peduncle is quite glabrous; in typical T. disgrega

it is pubescent along one side. The sepals are longer than in typical

T. disgrega and the gland-tipped hairs of the sepals are longer than

those of the typical form.

Tradescantia disgrega Kunth, forma pubescens Standl. &

Steyerm., f. nov. — A forma typica speciei differt caulibus foliisque

villosis. — Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala: At 1,085 meters, October,

1928, Jesus Moraks R. 1106 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Tradescantia guatemalensis C. B. Clarke, forma alba Standl.

& Steyerm., f. nov. — A typo differt petalis albis. — Guatemala: Dept.

Sacatepe"quez : In cafetal, near Antigua, alt. 1,500-1,600 meters,

November, 1938-February, 1939, Paul C. Standley 58025 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.). Damp thicket, barranco above Duenas, alt.

1,590-1,800 meters, January, 1939, Standley 63210.

This form differs from typical T. guatemalensis in its white instead

of blue petals.

Tradescantia Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Perennis, cauli-

bus simplicibus vel superne ramosis suberectis crassis 90-120 cm.

altis, ubique dense pilis brunnescentibus patentibus usque 3 mm.

longis pilosis; folia tenuia, caulinis principalibus 12-18 cm. longis

5-6 cm. latis, oblongis usque ovato-ellipticis, acutis, basin versus

angustatis, superioribus ovatis, basi late rotundatis vel subcordatis

atque amplexicaulibus, utrinque dense pilis brevibus vel longis

hirsutulis; vaginae 10-15 mm. longae 7-12 mm. latae pilis brunneis

hirsutae, hirsuto-ciliatae, apice oblique truncatae; pedunculi termi-

nales 2.5-6 cm. longi pilis patentibus brunnescentibus dense hirsuti;

inflorescentia umbellata, umbellis paucifloris bracteis 2 spathiformi-

bus vel subfoliaceis ovatis vel orbiculari-ovatis subaequalibus 2-3

cm. longis fulcratis, bracteis utrinque dense hirsutulis; pedicelli 9

mm. longi post anthesin recurvi dense villosuli; sepala ovata subob-

tusa, 3.5-5 mm. longa 2.5-3 mm. lata, sepalorum 2 glabris vel sparse

prope basin pilosis, tertio dense brunneo-villoso; petala lilacina;

capsula 4 mm. alta, seminibus 6 griseo-brunneis 1.5-2 mm. longis

minute rugulosis. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Cloud forest on

summit of Montana Nonoja, east of Camotan, alt. 1,800 meters,

38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

November, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31696 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.).

Somewhat resembling T. belizensis Standl., but distinguished at

once from that by the spreading pubescence of much longer hairs,

and by the larger leaves. It is distinguished from other local species

by its spreading pubescence, large leaves, and pedunculate umbels.

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Pancratium guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. —

Bulbi tunicati subglobosi vel late ovoidei 10-12 cm. diam.; folia ad

anthesin 15-16 plerumque disticha subtus pallide viridia, inferne

sensim in petiolum marginatum angustata, 48-90 cm. longa late

elliptico-oblonga vel late oblanceolata, 11-19 cm. lata, parte peti-

olari 15-23 cm. longa 1-3.5 cm. lata, apice abrupte caudata; pedun-

culus 75-100 cm. altus, floribus ca. 20 sessilibus; spathae valvae

membranaceae cuspidato-deltoideae ad anthesin reflexae; flores odori

30-38 cm. longi, tubo 16-20 cm. longo 7 mm. crasso; perianthii seg-

menta alba superne viridescentia lineari-lanceolata recurva et torta,

10-12 cm. longa 8 mm. lata, sensim acuta, apice ipso subtereti et

involuto; cupula staminalis alba tenuiter membranacea infundibuli-

formis 2 cm. longa dentata, dentibus 7-8 mm. longis caudato-tri-

angularibus; filamenta alba, superne intense viridia, 6 cm. longa;

antherae lineares luteae 2.5 cm. longae; stylus 25 cm. longus;

ovarium oblongum 2.5-3 cm. longum obtuse angulatum; ovula in

quoque loculo 4-5. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Along stream near

waterfall between Escobas and Montana Escobas, across the bay

from Puerto Barrios, at or near sea level, April 13, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 39288 (sterile specimen). Flowering material, from

bulbs from this locality, grown at Garfield Park Conservatory,

Chicago, flowering in November, 1941, Steyermark 39865 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.). Several additional collections of the plant have

been made in Guatemala more recently.

This is one of the showiest species of the genus. We are inter-

preting Pancratium here as including Hymenocallis. The two have

been separated by many authors upon the basis of the number of

ovules in the ovary cells, and upon continental distribution. The

ovule number is not a constant character, and geographic distri-

bution alone has been admitted by but few botanists as being a

distinctive generic character. P. guatemalense appears to be most

closely related to P. undulatum HBK., but differs from that in its

much larger anthers, longer perianth segments, and abruptly caudate

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 39

rather than acute leaves. From the common P. littorale Jacq. of

Central America it is distinguished by its broad petiolate leaves.

Pancratium Skinnerianum (Herb.) Standl. & Steyerm.,

comb. nov. Hymenocallis Skinneriana Herb. Bot. Reg. 1843 : Misc.

45. 1843.

IRIDACEAE

Sisyrinchium guatemalense (J. G. Baker) Standl. & Steyerm.,

stat. nov. Sisyrinchium alatum var. guatemalense J. G. Baker,

Handb. Irid. 130. 1892.

MARANTACEAE

Calathea coccinea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba, radici-

bus filipendulis, partibus tuberosis napiformibus 2.3-2.7 cm. longis

1-1.2 cm. latis; folia ad anthesin deficientia; folia juvenilia subtus

sparse minute puberula; spica pedunculata oblonga 3.5-5 cm. longa

1.5-2 cm. crassa, pedunculo erecto gracili glabro 32-33 cm. longo

1-1.5 mm. crasso; bracteae 7-8 rubrae subdistichae vix imbricatae

rhombeo-ovatae, abrupte acuminatae, acumine triangulari ca. 1.5

mm. longo, insigniter multistriatae, glabrae vel glabratae, late

scariosae, 10-11 mm. longae 7-9 mm. latae, 4-6-florae; bracteolae 7,

scariosae, extimis 8-9 mm. longis 3.5-4.5 mm. latis, elliptico-ovatis,

subobtusis; ovarium glabrum 3-loculare; sepala elliptico-oblonga vel

oblongo-oblanceolata subobtusa tenuiter membranacea, 10 mm.

longa 3-3.2 mm. lata, 5-nervia glabra; corolla glabra coccinea, ca.

3 cm. longa, tubo hypocrateriformi-cylindraceo 20-22 mm. longo,

basi 1.5 mm. crasso, fauce 3 mm. lato, lobis obliquo-lanceolatis

acutis 11-13 mm. longis 2.5-3 mm. latis; stamen elliptico-oblongum

subcompressum fere 3 mm. longum, subexsertum; staminodium

exterius 10-12 mm. longum late obliqueque rhombico-obovatum. —

Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Wooded rocky slopes above Finca

El Porvenir, along Rio Cabus, southern slopes of Volcan de Taju-

mulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, March, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark

37945 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Unfortunately this species is known only from imperfect and

unsatisfactory material, but it appears well marked by the perianth,

which is scarlet throughout. In general appearance it simulates

C. cyclophora Baker, but in that the crowded bracts are minutely

pilosulous. C. coccinea seems to belong to subgenus Eucalathea, as

defined by Schumann.

40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

ULMACEAE

Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, var. floridana (Britton) Standl.

& Steyerm., stat. nov. T. floridana Britton ex Small, Fl. Southeast.

U. S. 366, 1329. 1903.

Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, var. strigillosa (Lundell)

Standl. & Steyerm., stat. nov. T. strigillosa Lundell, Phytologia 1:

337. 1939.

MORACEAE

Brosimum panamense (Pittier) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Piratinera panamensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:

100. pi. 7. 1918.

Dorstenia Contrajerva L. var. tenuiloba (Blake) Standl. &

Steyerm., stat. nov. D. Contrajerva, subsp. tenuiloba Blake, Contr.

U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 2. pi. 1. 1922.

LORANTHACEAE

Oryctanthus guatemalensis (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm.,

comb. nov. Struthanthus guatemalensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 17:

237. 1937.

Phoradendron Aguilarii Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Aequi-

toriales-Robustissimae. Frutex parasiticus saepe dense ramosus

glaber in sicco aureo-brunnescens, ramis crassis teretibus ad nodos

plus minusve dilatatis et compressis, cataphyllis tantum basalibus;

folia crasse coriacea crasse breviterque petiolata oblongo-oblanceo-

lata 4-8 cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata supra mediam latissima, apice

anguste rotundata vel obtusissima, basin versus sensim attenuata,

basinervia, nervis inconspicuis non elevatis, costa obscura percur-

rente; spicae floriferae fasciculatae subsessiles, fructiferae vix 2 cm.

longae, articulis 3-4 crassis vulgo 6-floris, squamis minute ciliatis;

sepala acuta inflexa. — Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: OnQuercus, Volcan

de Suchitan, northwest of Asuncion Mita, alt. 1,000-2,050 meters,

November 18, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31889 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). Dept. Guatemala: Without definite locality, Jose

Ignacio Aguilar 414. Dept. Chimaltenango: On Quercus, near San

Martin Jilotepeque, 1,800 meters, Standley 64379. Dept. Quiche":

Barranco south of Chichicastenango, 1,850 meters, Standley 62410.

A relative of P. robustissimum Eichler, but all the specimens at

hand are quite uniform, and differ from that species in their much

smaller and narrower leaves.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 41

Phoradendron huehuetecum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Frutex parasiticus ramosus glaber in sicco lutescenti-brunnescens

30 cm. altus et ultra, ramis teretibus vel subteretibus subgracilibus

ad nodos non dilatatis, cataphyllis tantum basalibus brevibus; folia

ca. 6 mm. longe petiolata modice coriacea lanceolata interdum sub-

falcata vulgo 4-7 cm. longa atque 1-1.5 cm. lata, apicem obtusum

versus sensim longiuscule attenuata, basi attenuata, palmatim 5-

nervia, nervis tenerrimis utrinque manifestis et prominulis; spicae

adultae non visae, juveniles sessiles crassae 1.5 cm. longae 2-3-arti-

culatae pauciflorae, floribus 4-seriatis. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehue-

tenango, on Quercus, near Tachique, east of Huehuetenango, alt.

1,900 meters, January, 1941, Paul C. Standley 82597 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

Perhaps related to P. nervosum Oliver, but very different in

appearance because of its much smaller leaves.

Phoradendron Treleaseanum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Frutex ramosus, ramis crassis teretibus ubique dense minute puberu-

lis, cataphyllis tantum basalibus subtruncatis puberulis; folia sessilia

anguste oblonga 3.5-5 cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata obtusissima, basi

breviter angustata, basi ipsa lata, utrinque minute puberula atque

granulosa, crasse coriacea rigida, subtus paullo pallidiora, basinervia,

nervis occultis; spicae vix ultra 1.5 cm. longae crassissimae subsessiles

fasciculatae dense puberulae, articulis 1-2 et 8-10-floris, floribus

4-seriatis; fructus globoso-ovoideus 4 mm. longus densissime puberu-

lus; sepala aperta. — Guatemala: Dept. Baja Verapaz, Sierra de las

Minas, opposite El Rancho (El Progreso), alt. 700 meters, January,

1908, W. A. Kellerman 7630 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

An unusually well-marked species, noteworthy for the small,

very thick and hard, obtuse leaves, and for the fine dense pubescence

covering all parts. The only other Guatemalan species with pubes-

cence is P. velutinum Nutt., which has conspicuously petiolate, long-

attenuate, much thinner leaves.

Psittacanthus mayanus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

glaber ramosus 30 cm. altus et ultra, ramis crassis continuis plus

minusve compressis subacute quadrangularibus, vetustioribus ochra-

ceis subteretibus; folia opposita vel superiora subopposita, breviter

crasseque petiolata in sicco coriacea, falcato-lanceolata usque oblonga

vel oblongo-elliptica 4.5-7 cm. longa 1-3 cm. lata, apicem acutum

versus attenuata vel saepius apice obtusa vel anguste rotundata,

basi acuta vel attenuata, 3-5-plinervia, nervis utrinque prominenti-

42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

bus; flores corymbosi, corymbis vulgo dense multifloris, interdum

laxe paucifloris, pedicellis umbellatim ternatis 10-13 mm. longis

rectis; bracteolae cupulares 1.5 mm. longae; calyx campanulatus

subtruncatus 3 mm. latus et fere aequilongus; corolla 3-5 cm. longa

coccinea in alabastro linearis subrecta apice non dilatata obtusa gla-

bra, petalis ad anthesin fere filiformibus revolutis; antherae 2-2.5

mm. longae; bacca ovalis 6 mm. longa calyce persistente coronata.—

British Honduras: OnBursera Simaruba, Santa Rita, September 14,

1933, Percy Gentle 116 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). — Honduras: Con-

cepcion, Dept. Yoro, J. B. Edwards P651. — Mexico: Campeche:

Palizada, E. Matuda 3898. Yucatan : Without definite locality, G. F.

Gaumer 755. Pixila, Gaumer 23213. Chiche'n Itza, W. C. Steere 1384.

Muna, Steere 2150, 2158.

This probably has a still wider range in Mexico. It is possible

that some earlier name based upon Mexican material can be found

for the species, but we have not discovered one. P. mayanus is

related to P. calyculatus (DC.) Don, with which it has been confused,

but in that the corolla buds are conspicuously thickened at the apex

and acute, and the corolla is outcurved rather than straight in bud.

The leaves of P. mayanus average substantially smaller than those

of P. calyculatus. P. mayanus has been reported from Yucatan as

P. americanus (L.) Mart., but that is a species probably confined to

the Lesser Antilles and northern South America.

Struthanthus brachybotrys Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Frutex glaber ramosus erectus vel dependens, ramis rectis non

radices emittentibus, teretibus striatis ochraceis vel griseis, inter-

nodiis brevibus; folia inter minora sessilia vel subsessilia tenuiter

coriacea in sicco pallide brunnescentia vel rare fusca, lanceolato-

oblonga, ovato-oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica, vulgo prope mediam

latissima, 4-7.5 cm. longa 1.2-3 cm. lata acuta vel subobtusa, basi

cuneato-angustata, nervis lateralibus teneris utrinque prominentibus

angulo angusto adscendentibus, subtus interdum obsoletis; inflores-

centiae solitariae pedunculo 7-8 mm. longo incluso 1.5-2 cm. longae

fere capituliformes dense pauciflorae, ternationibus fere sessilibus,

pedunculis brevissimis crassis, floribus sessilibus congestis viridibus;

calyx paullo ultra 1 mm. latus subtruncatus laevis; corolla in alabas-

tro clavato-obovata superne sensim dilatata, 4 mm. longa, extus

laevis, tubo crasso; fructus ellipsoideus aurantiacus 6-8 mm. longus

basi et apice rotundatus. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Pen-

dent on Quercus, Rio Pucal about 14 km. south of Huehuetenango,

alt. about 1,780 meters, January, 1941, Paul C. Standley 82430 (type

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 48

in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 82274; February, 1939, Standley

65796. Dept. Guatemala, Lago de Amatitlan, alt. 1,200 meters,

Kellerman 5043.

It is possible that this may be S. Oerstedii (Oliver) Standl., whose

type was collected at Granada, Nicaragua. We have seen no authen-

tic representation of that species, and the too brief description does

not agree satisfactorily with the Guatemalan plant.

Struthanthus Johnstonii Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Fru-

tex parasiticus glaber ramosus suberectus vel dependens, ramis

crassis radices aereas non emittentibus subteretibus ferrugineis,

internodiis foliis brevioribus; folia breviter petiolata crasse coriacea,

petiolo crasso usque 7 mm. longo; lamina ovata, oblongo-ovata vel

elliptico-ovata vulgo 5-9 cm. longa atque 2.5-4 cm. lata, acuta vel

breviter acuminata, apice ipso acuto, basi subito in petiolum con-

tracta et obtusa vel subrotundata, in sicco fusco-viridis, supra plus

minusve rugulosa, subtus pallidior dense minuteque granulosa;

inflorescentiae femineae sessiles pauciflorae capituliformes, floribus

arete sessilibus; calyx glaucescens truncatus 2 mm. latus laevis

glaber; fructus oblongus vel ellipsoideus 7-12 mm. longus 4-6 mm.

crassus arete sessilis, apice late rotundatus vel subtruncatus. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Huehuetenango: OnQuercus, west of Aguacatan, on the

road to Huehuetenango, at km. 12, January 2, 1941, John R. John-

ston 1887 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Aguacatan road, 10 km. east

of Huehuetenango, 1,900 meters, January, 1941, Standley 82158.

Along road 13 km. west of Huehuetenango, near Puente de Xinaxo,

Standley 81544. Vicinity of Tachique, east of Huehuetenango, 1,900

meters, Standley 82602.

Noteworthy for the small few-flowered head-like pistillate

inflorescences.

Struthanthus papillosus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

ramosus dependens, ramis gracilibus saepe multo elongatis, teretibus,

ferrugineis vel griseis, vulgo radices aereas emittentibus, internodiis

plerumque elongatis; folia subcoriacea in sicco fuscescentia graciliter

5-10 mm. longe petiolata lanceolata usque ovata vel oblongo-ovata,

vulgo 6-8 cm. longa et 2-3.5 cm. lata, subabrupte acuta vel longius-

cule acuminata, apice ipso acutissimo, basi subito contracta et

rotundata vel obtusa, penninervia, subtus pallidiora, nervis vulgo

conspicuis teneris, venis arete reticulatis interdum prominulis;

inflorescentiae ad axillas solitariae vel saepius fasciculatae plerumque

6.5 cm. longae vel breviores folia aequantes vel eis breviores, breviter

44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

pedunculatae, simpliciter racemosae interruptae graciles, ramis plus

minusve minute albido-papillosis, ternationibus graciliter ca. 3 mm.

longe pedunculatis, floribus viridibus sessilibus; calyx paullo ultra

1 mm. latus dense minuteque albido-papillosus; corolla in alabastro

anguste cylindracea 4 mm. longa, apice non vel vix dilatata, petalis

linearibus; stamina petala subaequantia. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta

Verapaz: Parasitic on Erythrina, Coban, alt. 1,350 meters, June,

1906, H. von Tuerckheim 11.1240 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

There are referred here numerous other collections from Alta

Verapaz and Baja Verapaz. It is somewhat questionable whether

this is a good species, but especially in the type collection the papil-

losity on the inflorescence is conspicuous and distinctive. Whether

this constitutes a valid specific character remains to be determined

when the genus is monographed critically.

NYCTAGINACEAE

Bougainvillea Buttiana Holttum & Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex

scandens elatus aculeatus, aculeis rectis divaricatis crassiusculis

usque 1 cm. longis, ramis floriferis saepe inermibus, ramulis novellis

sparse pilis brevibus arete adpressis pilosulis vel interdum fere gla-

bris, adultis glabris, internodiis brevibus; folia majuscula graciliter

petiolata herbacea, petiolo vulgo 1.5-3.5 cm. longo sparse adpresso-

pilosulo vel fere glabro; lamina ovato-rotundata vel late elliptico-

ovata 13 cm. longa et 10 cm. lata vel saepius minor, apice subrotun-

data et abrupte contracto-acuminata, basi saepius truncata vel late

rotundata, interdum obtusa, in statu adulto fere glabra sed primo

sparse pilis brevibus subadpressis laxis conspersa; inflorescentiae

pauciflorae laxae, pedunculis gracillimis glabris vel glabratis ca. 1 cm.

longis; bracteae floriferae rotundato-ellipticae vel ovali-orbiculares

sanguineae 3-4 cm. longae et 2.5-3.5 cm. latae, apice rotundatae

vel late obtusae, basi late rotundatae et anguste breviter cordatae,

glabrae vel tantum ad costam sparse minute pilosulae, reticulato-

venosae, nervis lateralibus e costa angulo recto abeuntibus; perian-

thia 1.5-2 cm. longa sparse minute puberula vel pilosula vel fere

glabra; anthocarpia matura ca. 12 mm. longa et 2-2.5 mm. lata

striato-costata basi et apice angustata. — Federated Malay States:

Cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, as Bougainvillea

Mrs. Butt, purchased from L. R. Russell, Richmond, in 1923, July 1,

1938, R.E. Holttum (type in Herb. Field Mus.).— British Honduras:

San Antonio, Corozal District, March, 1933, Lundell 1900. — Guate-

mala: Antigua, Dept. Sacatepe"quez, 1938-39, Standley 83058.—

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 45

Honduras: Lancetilla, Dept. Atlantida, in 1929, A. M. Chickering

193. — Costa Rica: San Jose", in 1932, Manuel Valeria 191. — Peru: La

Victoria, Rio Amazonas, Dept. Loreto, in 1929, Llewelyn Williams

2513. Fortaleza, Dept. Loreto, in 1929, Williams 4324.

The proposed species, which presumably is of Brazilian origin,

but in rather recent years has become well known in cultivation in

many parts of the earth, has usually been considered a form of B.

glabra Choisy, the commonest and best known of horticultural Bou-

gainvilleas, long in cultivation in most tropical regions, to which it

was carried from Brazil. Technically B. glabra may be separated

from B. Buttiana by its scant pubescence, uniformly much narrower

leaves, and always relatively narrower and usually acute or at least

distinctly acutish bracts, which have a rather unpleasant magenta

color. Horticulturally the differences are much greater, and they

are discussed in the following account published by the senior author

in the M. A. H. A. Magazine in April, 1941 (Kuala Lampur, vol.

11, no. 2):

"During the past three years I have made various enquiries about

the horticultural history of the beautiful crimson Bougainvillea Mrs.

Butt, now so well known in almost all parts of the tropics. The infor-

mation obtained is gathered together here, and I wish to express my

thanks to correspondents who have so kindly answered my questions

and thus enabled me to write these notes. The story is not complete,

and if any reader has further information to offer, I shall be glad to

have it.

"... I am personally satisfied that Mrs. Butt should be regarded

as a species quite distinct from Bougainvillea spectabilis andB. glabra.

However, this is not the place to publish a new botanical name and

description. In the meantime gardeners will doubtless be quite

satisfied with the name Mrs. Butt which they have known for so

long.

"How long this Bougainvillea has been cultivated in South

America is unknown. The first recorded item of history is that Mrs.

R. V. Butt, of Trinidad, visiting Colombia in 1910, found a plant in

a garden near Cartagena, and brought cuttings to Trinidad. It was

found easy to propagate, and was soon distributed to the other West

Indian Islands, though I do not know how soon the name Mrs. Butt

came into general use.

"In October 1916 the U. S. Department of Agriculture recorded

the introduction from British Guiana to Florida of a crimson-flowered

Bougainvillea of which sufficient information is given to make its

46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

identity with Mrs. Butt certain, though that name is not mentioned.

But it seems that the species had been introduced to Florida at an

even earlier date. I am indebted to Professor Mowry of the College

of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, for this next item of history.

Professor Mowry was informed by Mr. N. A. Reasoner, of Reasoner's

Tropical Nurseries, that his father, the late Mr. E. N. Reasoner,

introduced Mrs. Butt to Florida about 1912 or 1913, and that he

was selling plants at $5 each for two years before he included it in

his 1917 catalogue, under the name 'Crimson Lake:' this catalogue

was issued towards the end of 1916, about the same time as the

Department of Agriculture's importation. Professor Mowry kindly

sent me a dried specimen of 'Crimson Lake,' as grown in Florida,

and it is quite identical with our Mrs. Butt.

"It seems that this Bougainvillea did not cross the Atlantic until

after the 1914-1918 war, and then it was introduced to Europe both

as Mrs. Butt and as Crimson Lake. Messrs. Lemoine & Son of

Nancy (France) informed me that they imported Crimson Lake from

Philadelphia in 1920. About the same time Mrs. Butt traveled from

the West Indies to Kew, and some years later Messrs. Lemoine

obtained Mrs. Butt from an English source. They wrote to me in

1937 that they thought the two might be identical, but were not sure.

The early accounts in theGardeners Chronicle quoted small differences

between the two; these differences were, I think, due to more or less

intense coloration under exposure to stronger or weaker light, and

differences in leaves due to different size of plants.

"The next item of history comes from India. Mr. Percy-Lan-

caster, Secretary of the Royal Agri-Horticultural Society of India,

in a letter dated November 4th, 1938, informed me that a Bougain-

villea resembling Mrs. Butt arrived in India direct from the West

Indies in 1920, having been introduced by a Mr. Tomlinson of the

Eastern Bengal Railway. Mr. Percy-Lancaster gave the name

'Scarlet Queen' to this plant. He writes: 'The coloured bracts are

slightly darker than in Mrs. Butt but the actual flower is malformed

so that instead of there being three white or cream flowers in the

bracts, there are merely little bunches of anthers. In growth and

foliage these plants are identical.' The original Scarlet Queen, so far

as I know, has never been introduced to Malaya, but it gave rise at

Madras in 1932 to a bud-sport with orange bracts which was called

'Louis Wathen;' of this, more is written below. Louis Wathen is

well known in Malaya. It would be interesting to have the earlier

history of Scarlet Queen, which must surely have had a cultural origin

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 47

independent of Mrs. Butt, though the two are certainly varieties of

one species.

"Mrs. Butt was soon distributed from Kew to the eastern tropics

and to Africa. It reached Singapore in 1923, and probably the bulk

of the countless plants now in Malaya were derived from that single

individual, brought here by Mr. Burkill. Now it is in every garden,

and its virtues as a pot plant are known to all. It is often called

Madam Butt or Clara Butt, though the latter distinguished lady

has no connexion with it.

"In 1931, in the garden of Mrs. McLean of Trinidad, a plant of

Mrs. Butt produced a branch with apricot-orange instead of crimson

bracts. This was shown to Mr. R. 0. Williams, who propagated it

and named it 'Mrs. McLean.' The next year, the variety Scarlet

Queen did the same thing in Madras, in the garden of Mrs. Wathen,

and the orange variety so produced was named 'Louis Wathen' by

Mr. B. S. Nirody, Honorary Secretary of the Madras Agri-Horti-

cultural Society. Mr. Nirody actually said that Louis Wathen was

derived from Mrs. Butt; but Mr. Percy-Lancaster, in his letter on

Scarlet Queen informed me that the latter variety was concerned.

This statement is borne out by the fact that Louis Wathen can be

distinguished from Mrs. McLean by its imperfect flowers; I know

of no other distinction between the two. To be quite accurate,

Louis Wathen does occasionally have a perfect flower, which one

may see as a little cream-coloured star among the orange bracts; but

most of the flowers lack the white star-like end entirely, the remain-

der consisting of an inconspicuous group of stamens protruding from

a short tube.

"Both Louis Wathen and Mrs. McLean were soon introduced to

Malaya, the former at least on more than one occasion, and both are

now almost as common as Mrs. Butt. I think that most people do

not realize the distinction between the two varieties; I did not notice

it myself till it was pointed out to me by Dr. Herklots of Hong Kong,

and I know of no place where it has appeared in print.

"The orange variety of Mrs. Butt has also received other names.

Messrs. L. R. Russell & Co. received an Award of Merit from the

Royal Horticultural Society (London) in 1934 for 'Orange King,'

the origin of which was not stated but its identity with Mrs. McLean

seems to be unchallenged. Then it seems that in Florida a similar

transformation of Mrs. Butt took place, and the result was known as

Tretorius.' I have, however, no authentic information on this point

and should be glad to have such if any reader can supply it.

48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

"Mrs. Butt, like Bougainvillea peruviana, is evidently native of

more tropical regions than the original purple Bougainvilleas, which

were found in the south of Brazil, on the borders of the tropics. It

has also a quite distinct habit, with its stronger, more open growth,

very broad leaves, and close bunches of flowers. I need not here

describe in detail its many well known qualities, but will point out

two facts which have not, so far as I know, appeared in print.

"The bracts of Mrs. Butt and its derivatives turn from crimson

or orange when young to purple or mauve as they get older; but the

bracts of the orange varieties (var. lateritia and hybrids) of the older

Bougainvilleas start purple when they are young and pass through

red to orange when they are old. The other feature of Mrs. Butt

is one of which gardeners should beware. It will not stand hard

pruning back so that no leafy shoots are left. The old purple Bou-

gainvilleas can be cut back almost to the ground, and they rise

again more vigorous than before; but Mrs. Butt will not stand this

rough treatment."

A communication from Mr. Holttum concerning the plant here

described as a new species gives the following information derived

from living plants: "I suggest that the chief distinguishing features

from B. glabra are the broad base of the leaf (notably of the large

leaves on the main branches), and the yellow pigment present in the

bracts (combined of course with a purple pigment) giving the crim-

son, not magenta colour. The thorns are also I think straighter than

those of B. glabra. The whole habit of the plant is different, espe-

cially the close grouping of the flowers and reduction of the leaves

subtending the inflorescences, but this is difficult to define clearly so

as to show the distinction from B. glabra."

The crimson form of B. Buttiana is now a common plant in

Florida gardens, and is frequent in Central America, although there

much less common than typical B. glabra. The orange forms of the

species are still rather infrequent in America, so far as one may

judge from scattered reports and from observation.

PORTULACACEAE

Montia calcicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis

stolones elongates gracillimos sparse foliatos emittens, glabra, cauli-

bus usque 10 cm. longis, prostratis vel procumbentibus simplicibus;

folia omnia caulina 3-5-juga opposita, plerumque (petiolo incluso)

2-2.5 cm. longa, oblanceolata, 3-5 mm. lata, obtusa vel subacuta,

basi in petiolum marginatum attenuata; flores axillares, in axillo

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 49

1-3, pedicellis usque 8 mm. longis in statu fructifero recurvis; sepala

pallide viridia rotundo-obovata 1.5 mm. longa, apice rotundata,

capsula breviora; petala pallide rosea sepalis aliquanto longiora;

capsula subglobosa 2 mm. longa 3-valvis; semina 2-3 rufescenti-

nigra 1 mm. diam. minutissime reticulata. — Guatemala: Dept. Hue-

huetenango: Cerro Che'mal, summit of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

in woods of Juniperus Standleyi, alt. 3,700-3,800 meters, August 8,

1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50308 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). On

limestone bluffs, alpine area of Tojquia, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

2,700 meters, August 5, 1942, Steyermark 50127.

This is referable to the genus Montia, as limited by Rydberg in

North American Flora, and is the only plant of that limited group

known from Central America. It is not particularly close to any of

the North American species described by that author. The only

other Central American species of Montia is the following:

Montia mexicana (Rydb.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

Limnia mexicana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 309. 1832. — This has been

collected several times during the past few years in the Sierra de los

Cuchumatanes, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, growing in alpine areas

upon limestone.

Oreobroma megarhizum (Hemsl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Calandrinia megarhiza Hemsl. Diag. PI. Mex. 23. 1879. Clay-

tonia megarhiza Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 57. 1891. 0. mexicanum Rydb.

N. Amer. Fl. 21: 326. 1932.— The Guatemalan species, rather

strangely, is omitted by Rydberg in his account of the Portulacaceae

in North American Flora.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Arenaria altorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba peren-

nis adscendens, radice crassa sublignescente, caulibus pluribus gra-

cilibus 6-14 cm. longis simplicibus vel superne pauciramosis fere

ubique minutissime puberulis bisulcatis; folia remota linearia patentia

subcarnosa sessilia 10-18 mm. longa vix ad 1 mm. lata, apice atten-

uato-acuta, glabra, prope basin ciliata; flores axillares vel subpani-

culati pauci vel numerosi, pro parte terminales, pedicellis rectis usque

ad 8 mm. longis minutissime et fere microscopice puberulis erectis vel

suberectis; sepala 3-3.5 mm. longa glabra vel ad carinam micro-

scopice puberula acuta vel subulato-acuminata, apicibus breviter

subrecurvis, late inconspicue carinata, prope carinam viridia, mar-

50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

ginibus albis scariosis; petala alba Integra sepalis paullo longiora;

stamina petala aequantia; styli 3; capsula 4 mm. longa lucida in

valvulas 3 breves emarginatas fissa. — Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa:

Dry open ground near Minas de Croma, Potrero Carrillo, 13 miles

northeast of Jalapa, alt. 1,500-1,700 meters, December 12, 1939,

Julian A. Steyermark 33091 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Hue-

huetenango: Dry southwest-facing slopes of Sierra de los Cuchuma-

tanes, between Chiantla and Patio de Bolas, alt. 2,100-2,500 meters,

July 6, 1941, Steyermark 48227.

Related to A. Bourgaei Hemsl. of Mexico, which has generally

much longer petals and very obtuse sepals.

Arenaria chiapensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis

ut videtur caespitosa et suberecta, caulibus 10-14 cm. longis simpli-

cibus vel pauciramosis, ramis suberectis dense pilis rigidulis patenti-

bus hispidulis, dense foliatis; folia suberecta vel valde adscendentia

insigniter imbricata rigida subcoriacea lineari-lanceolata 6-10 mm.

longa usque ad 2 mm. lata subulato-acuminata dense ciliata, subtus

interdum praesertim in statu juvenili hispidula, marginibus carti-

lagineo-incrassatis, 1-nervia, costa subtus saepe retrorso-hispidula;

flores axillares numerosi, pedicellis usque ad 9 mm. longis crassius-

culis densissime pilis patentibus hispidulis; sepala lanceolata ca.

5.5 mm. longa subcoriacea subulato-acuminata, exteriora basi ciliata,

omnia dorso saltern ad costam hispidula, costa crassiuscula elevata;

petala alba 7 mm. longa vel paullo ultra integra; stamina sepala

aequantia et petalis multo breviora; styli 3. — Mexico: Chiapas: In

1864-70, Dr. Ghiesbreght 871 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In general appearance much like A. lycopodioides Willd., and

distributed as A. decussata Willd., a synonym of that species of

Mexico and Guatemala. In A. lycopodioides the pubescence is closer

and much less abundant, and the sepals are glabrous.

Arenaria guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Peren-

nis laxe ramosa, caulibus interdum 1 m. longis et ultra et sub-

scandentibus vel e rupibus pendentibus, pilis brevibus patentibus

vel subreflexis sat dense puberulis, internodiis vulgo elongatis, saepe

foliis multo longioribus; folia sessilia vel brevissime petiolata patentia

herbacea lineari-lanceolata usque elliptico-lanceolata 1.5-3.5 cm. longa

2-8 mm. lata acuta, basi obtusa vel subacuta, supra dense minute

puberula, subtus ad costam minute hispidula aliter glabra vel inter-

dum puberula, 1-nervia, marginibus non incrassatis; flores axillares,

pedicellis gracilibus foliis vulgo multo longioribus dense minute

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 51

puberulis; sepala ca. 5 mm. longa, exteriora lanceolata vel lineari-

lanceolata attenuato-acuminata minute hispidula, interiora latiora

ad costam tantum hispidula, marginibus scariosis albis; petala

integra ca. 8 mm. longa sepalis semper longiora; stamina sepala

subaequantia; styli 3; capsula 5-6 mm. longa 3-valvata, valvis pro-

funde bilobis. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Sprawling over

thickets of upper slopes, Rio Vega, near San Rafael and Guatemala-

Mexico boundary, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters,

February, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36268 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.) ; Puente de Nahuatl-aa, near San Marcos, 2,280 meters, Stand-

ley 66214. Dept. Sacatepe'quez: Volcan de Agua, J. R.Johnston 226;

Standley 65174. Dept. Jalapa: Montana Miramundo, 2,000-2,200

meters, Steyermark 32812. Dept. Chimaltenango: Santa Elena,

Johnston 418; Standley 60982. Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan de

Santa Maria, 1,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 34011.

The species is known also from Costa Rica and Panama (Volcan

de Chiriqui), and probably occurs in southern Mexico. The plant

has been much confused with A. megalantha, not only recently but

by Williams in his monograph of the genus, where several distinct

plants evidently are confused under his treatment of A. megalantha,

as he himself suggests may be the case. A. megalantha, which grows

in southern Mexico and in Guatemala, differs from A. guatemalensis

in its broader, ovate leaves, these with much thickened and long-

ciliate margins, in the denser and longer hairs of the stems, and in

the long-pilose pedicels. A Mexican variant of A. guatemalensis is

the following:

Arenaria guatemalensis var. ensifolia (Rohrb.) Standl. &

Steyerm., comb. nov. A. megalantha var. ensifolia F. N. Williams,

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 33: 380. 1898. A. lanuginosa var. ensifolia

Rohrb. Linnaea 37: 264. 1871-72.— This differs but little from

Guatemalan plants, unless in the minute pubescence, rather large

flowers, and narrow leaves.

Cerastium Juniperorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Ut

videtur perennis, caulibus solitariis vel paucis erectis vel decum-

bentibus 20-35 cm. longis dense breviter pilis patentibus viscido-

villosulis, internodiis plerumque foliis multo longioribus, simplici-

bus; folia sessilia patentia herbacea oblongo-lanceolata 2.5-3.5 cm.

longa 5-8 mm. lata acuta, apice calloso-incrassato, basi obtusa,

utrinque sat dense pilis brevibus patentibus pubescentia, 1-nervia;

cymae terminales pauciflorae, pedicellis ut videtur rectis gracillimis

52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

usque ad 3.5 cm. longis dense viscido-pubescentibus; sepala 7-8

mm. longa oblongo-lanceolata viridia scarioso-marginata viscido-

villosula; petala alba 1 cm. longa sepalis bene longiora; capsula

ignota. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: In rocky wooded

ravine under Juniperus Standleyi, alpine areas in vicinity of Tunima,

Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 3,400-3,500 meters, July 7, 1942,

Julian A. Steyermark 48413 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no.

48389 from the same region.

Perhaps this is only an extreme form of C. guatemalense Standl.,

but in the ample material of that species now at hand the calyx is

smaller, only 5 mm. long, and the cauline leaves are linear or lance-

linear, and proportionately much narrower than in C. Juniperorum.

Drymaria minuscula Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Annua

erecta 1-3 cm. alta dense a basi ramosa glabra, caulibus gracilibus

teretibus pallidis; folia basalia rosulantia oblanceolato-spathulata

usque ad 8 mm. longa obtusa, basin versus attenuata, foliis caulinis

lineari-oblanceolatis aequilongis obtusis sessilibus, basin versus

attenuatis, supremis bracteiformibus minutis; inflorescentia repetite

dichotoma dense multiflora, floribus parvis brevissime pedicellatis;

sepala 1.5-2 mm. longa obtusa erecta apice interdum paullo excurva

obscure carinata; petala minuta vel nulla, sepalis multo breviora;

stamina 5 sepalis multo breviora; stylus brevis, ramis 3 brevibus.—

Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: On rocky limestone outcrops

under Juniperus Standleyi, alt. 3,700 meters, vicinity of Che"mal,

summit of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, August 8, 1942, Julian A.

Steyermark 50243 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). — Mexico: Ajusco,

State of Mexico, August, 1910, C. R. Orcutt 3724.

Among all Mexican and Central American Drymaria species, this

may be recognized at once by its greatly reduced size and the very

dense inflorescence composed of many crowded subsessile flowers.

RANUNCULACEAE

Clematis caleoides Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

scandens, in sicco saepe nigrescens, caulibus glabris, novellis sparse

breviterque pilosis; folia vulgo 5-7-foliolata, foliolis longipetiolu-

latis, crasse chartaceis vel subcoriaceis ovatis, plerumque 6-12 cm.

longis et 3.5-7.5 cm. latis, acuminatis vel acutis, basi late rotundatis

vel interdum subprofunde cordatis, in toto margine denticulatis vel

crenato-dentatis, dentibus utroque latere pluribus, rare subintegris,

supra glabris vel tantum ad nervos pubescentibus, subtus paullo

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 53

pallidioribus, lucidis, sparse praesertim ad nervos pilosulis vel in

statu adulto saepissime glabris; flores dioeci laxe cymoso-paniculati

albi longipedicellati, pedicellis laxe tomentulosis; sepala elliptica vel

oblongo-elliptica ca. 8 mm. longa utrinque dense sericeo-tomentosa;

filamenta crassiuscula 4-5 mm. longa glabra, antheris fere 1 mm.

longis. — Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: In dense Cupressus

forest, Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa Elena, alt. 2,700 meters,

December, 1938, Paul C. Standley 58732 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Dept. El Progreso: Sierra de las Minas, Volcan Santa Luisa, 3,000

meters, Steyermark 43581. Dept. Solola: Volcan de Santa Clara,

2,100-3,000 meters, Steyermark 46889. Dept. Huehuetenango: Cerro

Huitz, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 1,500-2,600 meters, Steyermark

48658. Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, Steyermark 35803,

36955; Volcan de Tacana, 2,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 36185.

Although this vine is rather widely distributed in the central and

western highlands of Guatemala, we have found it in fertile state but

once. It is readily recognized by its foliage, the leaflets being very

lustrous, almost or quite glabrous, and with numerous small, regu-

larly spaced teeth. Its relationship is with C. dioica L. and C. grossa

Benth., the only other species known in Central America, both of

which have leaflets that do not possess these characters.

CRUCIFERAE

Cardamine eremita Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis

omnino glabra erecta vel adscendens plus minusve caespitosa, caudice

saepe laxe ramoso gracili, caulibus paucis 8-20 cm. longis pauci-

foliatis; folia plerumque radicalia 2-4 cm. longa ca. 7-foliolata,

foliolis vel segmentis parvis crassis lineari-oblanceolatis vel oblanceo-

latis 3-7 mm. longis vix ad 2.5 mm. latis, obtusis vel obtusissimis,

basin versus sensim attenuatis, integris; folia caulina basalibus con-

formia petiolata, flore infimo vulgo basi foliaceo-bracteato; racemi

pauci- vel submultiflori in statu fructifero usque 7 cm. longi, floribus

interdum subsecundis, pedicellis gracilibus adscendentibus sub fructu

5-9 mm. longis; sepala oblonga 2.5 mm. longa apice rotundata albo-

marginata et purpureo tincta; petala alba spathulata 5-6 mm. longa;

siliquae lineares 20-27 mm. longae vix 1 mm. latae basi paullo

attenuatae, apicem versus longiuscule sensim attenuatae, stylo

persistente 1-1.8 mm. longo; semina pauca brunnescentia mar-

ginata. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Between Tojquia and

Caxin bluff, summit of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 3,700 meters,

on dry rocks on grassy slopes covered by Pinus Montezumae var.

54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

rudis, August 6, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50143 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). Alpine areas of Tunima, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

3,300-3,500 meters, Steyermark 48291, 48416.

This appears to be an isolated species, with little resemblance to

any other known from Central America or Mexico. It has some

resemblance to certain species of Arabis, such as A. lyrata, and the

seeds are similar to those of that species, but they are just as much

like those of various Cardamine species, and it is believed that the

plant, because of its general appearance and pinnatisect leaves, is

better referred to the latter genus.

Cardamine jejuna Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Annua

pumila erecta e radice longa tenui, caulibus gracillimis simplicibus

1-foliatis vel nudis 3-4-floris glabris; folia radicalia 1.5-2.5 cm.

petiolo incluso longa, vulgo 3-foliolata interdum 5-foliolata vel

simplicia, foliolis lateralibus petiolulatis, terminali longipetiolulato,

3-6 mm. longis et aequilatis obtusis vel apice rotundatis, basi

truncatis vel rotundatis integris vel saepius breviter 3-lobulatis,

lobis mucronatis, foliolis subtus glabris, supra interdum hispidulis;

racemi breves laxi, pedicellis insigniter inaequalibus, usque 13 mm.

longis filiformibus; sepala pallide viridia obovato-ovalia 2 mm.

longa apice rotundata pallido-marginata glabra; petala alba 3

mm. longa late obovato-spathulata; siliquae glabrae anguste lineares

2.5 cm. longae 0.7 mm. latae, basi breviter attenuatae, apice in

rostrum fere 5 mm. longum sensim attenuatae, stylo 1.5 mm. longo.

— Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Forested summit, Cerro

Pixpix, above San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

alt. 2,800 meters, August 15, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50569 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

This diminutive but normally developed plant belongs to the

highly variable and perplexing group containing such species as C.

flaccida Cham. & Schlecht. and C. flexuosa With. It resembles C.

flexuosa var. debilis (Don) 0. E. Schulz, as that is represented in the

mountains of the Dominican Republic, but is erect rather than weak

and prostrate or procumbent. It is probably a local species isolated

on the summits of the Cuchumatanes, where so many other endemic

alpine plants have been found.

Rorippa mexicana (Moc. & Sesse") Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Nasturtium mexicanum Moc. & Sess£ ex DC. Reg. Veg. Syst.

2: 193. 1821.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 55

CAPPARIDACEAE

Crataeva Tapia L. var. glauca (Lundell) Standl. & Steyerm.,

stat. nov. C. glauca Lundell, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 389. 1942.

LEGUMINOSAE

Dalbergia Funera Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 6-metralis, ramulis

glabris vel glabratis; foliola 5-7 longiuscule petiolulata subcoriacea

late ovalia vel suborbiculata, plerumque 3.5-6.5 cm. longa et 2-4.5

cm. lata, apice late rotundata et breviter emarginata, basi rotundata,

viridia lucida glabra, venis prominentibus, subtus pallida glabra vel

primo sparse breviter pilosula; racemi ut videtur pauciflori atque

laxi; legumen oblongum vel spathulato-oblongum 4-5.5 cm. longum

1.5 cm. latum, apice rotundatum et apiculatum, basi acutum, brevi-

ter stipitatum, densissime brunneo-tomentulosum 1-spermum. — Sal-

vador: Dept. Chalatenango: La Reina, November, 1928, Salvador

Calderon 2479 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Sterile specimens from the Oriente of Guatemala perhaps repre-

sent the same species, which is noteworthy for its short and very

broad leaflets, broadly rounded at the apex.

Inga Barbourii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 30-metralis, trunco

40 cm. diam., ramulis gracilibus dense pilis patentibus vel adscen-

dentibus fulvis brevibus hispidulis, sat dense foliatis; folia parva

petiolo incluso 7-10 cm. tantum longa, petiolo gracili 8-10 mm. longo

dense pubescente nudo; rhachis 3-6 cm. longa anguste sed manifeste

alata fulvo-hispidula, ala vix ultra 2 mm. lata saepe revoluta, glandu-

lis parvis rotundis sessilibus; foliola 4-5-juga lanceolato-oblonga vel

anguste elliptico-oblonga 3-9 cm. longa 1.5-2.3 cm. lata, acuta et

breviter mucronata, basi sessili obtusa, supra in sicco luteo-viridia,

sparse hispidula, ad costam dense breviter hispidula, subtus paullo

pallidiora ad costam nervosque adpresso-hispidula, aliter sparse

hispidula vel fere glabra; flores (non visi) ut videtur capita ti, pedun-

culo 2 cm. longo; legumen late lineare valde compressum 5.5 cm.

longum 8-12 mm. latum, apice subtruncatum, sessile, basi late

rotundatum, sparse subadpresse hispidulum vel glabratum, margini-

bus aequaliter incrassatis, dorso 3-costatum. — Costa Rica: Prov.

Cartago: One-half mile south of Pavones road, 4 miles east of Tu-

rrialba, alt. 900 meters or more, on north slope in clay loam in rain

forest, May 21, 1943, William R. Barbour 1008 (U. S. Forest Service

95013; type in Herb. Field Mus.).

56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Local name "guaba." It is suspected that the small pods, which

are somewhat constricted between the four seeds, may be some-

what atypical, and perhaps not completely developed. Like most

Inga species, this one is difficult to place in the treatment by Britton

and Rose in North American Flora, but it has been carefully com-

pared with all the species listed there, and with the Central American

ones more recently described, and obviously agrees with none of

them. The leaves particularly, which, in spite of their small size,

appear to be fully grown, are decidedly unlike those of any other

Central American Inga.

Lonchocarpus modestus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Fru-

tex, ramulis ferrugineo-strigillosis; foliola 3-5 et 3-5 mm. longe petio-

lulata firme membranacea 5-12 cm. longa 2.5-5 cm. lata, acuminata,

basi obtusa vel subacuta, glabra, venulis subtus prominulis arete

reticulatis; racemi axillares breves pauciflori 2.5 cm. longi, rhachi

ferrugineo-puberula, pedicellis usque 3 mm. longis, bracteis lineari-

filiformibus; calyx campanulatus 3.5-4 mm. longus punctatus cili-

atus, basi acutus, fere glaber sed pilis paucis minutis lucidis con-

spersus, lobis angustis tubum fere aequantibus; petala intense rosea

glabra punctata, vexillo la to 8 mm. longo; ovarium subsessile lineare

adpresso-pilosum. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Bay of Santo Tomas,

between Escobas and Santo Tomas, at sea level, April, 1940, Julian

A. Steyermark 39238 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The small flowers and the general appearance of the foliage

indicate a probable relationship with L. minimiflorus Bonn. Smith,

but the fruit, when available, may show that the relationship is quite

different. Very few Central American species of the genus have

quite glabrous petals.

Lonchocarpus phlebophyllus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Arbor parva, ramulis dense puberulis; folia longipetiolata, foliolis

2-4 mm. longis petiolulatis oblongis vel ovali-oblongis coriaceis 3.5-8

cm. longis 1.8-3.5 cm. latis, apice rotundatis et vulgo subemarginatis,

basi obtusis vel rotundatis, supra griseo-viridibus puberulis, costa

nervisque insigniter impressis, subtus dense pilis brevibus patentibus

pilosis, nervis lateralibus numerosis maxime elevatis et conspicuis,

venulis prominentibus arete reticulatis; legumen 1-spermum ellip-

tico-oblongum vel oblongo-obovatum ca. 9.5 cm. longum atque

4 cm. latum, apice rotundatum vel obtusum, basi longiattenuatum

1 cm. longe stipitatum, dense brunneo-tomentulosum, valvis ad semen

valde incrassatis, marginibus tenuibus acutis. — Guatemala: Dept.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 57

Chiquimula: Between Ramirez and Cumbre de Chiquimula, on the

road between Chiquimula and Zacapa, alt. 400-600 meters, October,

1940, Paul C. Standley 74569 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Near the

divide on the road from Zacapa to Chiquimula, 660 meters, Standley

73747.

A member of the group of L. rugosus Benth., but in that the leaf-

lets are more numerous, usually more abundantly pubescent, and

less conspicuously nerved, while the fruit is thinner and narrower.

Mimosa zacapana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1-1.5

m. altus, ramis sparse hirtellis vel glabratis aculeis paucis patentibus

crassiusculis armatis; stipulae subulatae; folia breviter petiolata,

petiolis vulgo 1-1.5 cm. longis, pinnis 1-jugis; foliola 6-9-juga oblonga

6-11 mm. longa 2.5-3.5 mm. lata obtusa vel subacuta, subapiculata,

subcoriacea, adpresse setuloso-ciliata, supra glabra, subtus sparse

breviter setulosa et saepe sparse pilosula vel fere omnino glabra,

costa plus minusve excentrica; pedunculi axillares solitarii 3-4.5 cm.

longi gracillimi, glabri vel glabrati, floribus capitatis, capitulis densis

globosis, floribus glabris, corolla interdum ad apices loborum

puberula, 2.5 mm. longa; stamina lobis corollae isomera; legumen

ca. 3 cm. longum 7 mm. latum, paullo inter semina constrictum,

dense pubescens, ad margines setis paucis parvis armatum, valvis

quoque interdum sparse breviter setulosis, seminibus ca. 4. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Zacapa: Rocky slopes near Santa Rosalia, alt. 250-300

meters, October, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29018 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). Vicinity of Rio Hondo, alt. 250-350 meters, Steyer-

mark 29377. Baiios de Santa Marta, north of Zacapa, 200 meters,

Standley 73901.

Related to M . caerulea Rose of Mexico, but in that the leaflets

are longer and relatively narrower, and the legume glabrous.

Rhynchosia jalapensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Volubi-

lis, herbacea vel inferne suffrutescens, caulibus subangulatis dense

velutino-pilosulis; stipulae lanceolato-oblongae brunneae deciduae;

foliola 3 late oblique ovata vel rhombica vel fere orbicularia 4-9.5

cm. longa 2.5-6.5 cm. lata, acuta vel abrupte breviter acuminata,

basi rotundata, supra velutino-pilosula, subtus densius pilosula et

glandulis lutescentibus sat dense conspersa; racemi folia aequantes

vel longiores multiflori, bracteis lanceolatis caducis, pedicellis usque

3 mm. longis; calyx 5 mm. longus dense pilosulus, lobis lanceolato-

attenuatis tubum subaequantibus, infimo paullo longiore; corolla

9-10 mm. longa, vexillo angusto extus dense pubescente; legumen

58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

anguste oblongum ca. 3 cm. longum et 1 cm. latum, acutum et longi-

rostratum, basi acutum, inter semina vix constrictum, dense velu-

tino-pubescens; semina ovalia vix compressa 6-7 mm. longa laete

coccinea. — Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Rocky slopes, between Jalapa

and San Pedro Pinula, alt. 1,400 meters, December, 1939, Julian A.

Steyermark 32945 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Here probably belongs also Tuerckheim 11.1609 from Coban, Alta

Verapaz. In its bright red seeds this Guatemalan plant recalls R.

pyramidalis (Lam.) Urban, but in that the seeds are scarlet and

black.

OXALIDACEAE

Oxalis minarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis acaulis

bulbifera, bulbo 10-11 mm. diam. subgloboso, squamis mem-

branaceis ad margines scariosis 9-10 mm. longis, costa brunnea; folia

omnia basalia ca. 5-6, palmatim trifoliolata; foliola profunde biloba,

lobis divergenti-adscendentibus 2.5-5.5 cm. longis 5-12 mm. latis,

sensim ad apicem rotundatum vel obtusum angustatis, glabra;

petioli 15-22 cm. longi glabri; pedunculi glabri 28-30 cm. longi,

floribus 15-20 simpliciter umbellatis; bracteae ovatae subito acuta

2-2.5 mm. longae; pedicelli filiformes 13-30 mm. longi superne

glanduloso-pilosuli; sepala lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata sub-

acuta apice callis 2 rubris lineari-oblongis vel lineari-ellipticis onusta,

4.5 mm. longa, scarioso-marginata, basi sparse glanduloso-pilosula;

petala 12-13 mm. longa lilacina, sepalis duplo vel paullo ultra

longiora; filamenta superne pilis adscendentibus pilosula; styli dense

hirsutuli; capsula oblonga 10-12 mm. longa; semina numerosa

rubescenti-brunnea ovoidea, utroque latere transverse 8-10-rugosa

et longitudinaliter 3-costata. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Along

stream in ravine, pine-covered slopes, Sierra de las Minas, along trail

between Rio Hondo and summit of mountain at Finca Alejandria,

alt. 1,000-1,500 meters, October, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29718

(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Related to 0. morelosensis Knuth and 0. tenuiloba (Rose) Knuth,

but differing from both in its longer leaves and peduncles, longer and

broader lobes of the leaflets, more numerous flowers on longer pedi-

cels which are glandular-pilose near the apex rather than glabrous,

and in the slightly longer sepals.

BURSERACEAE

Bursera Howellii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 15-20-metralis, ramu-

lis crassis fusco-ferrugineis sparse pilosis vel fere omnino glabris,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 59

apice dense foliatis; folia parva 3.5-7 cm. longa breviter petiolata

vulgo 9-foliolata, rhachi late alata, alls integris; foliola inaequaliter

obovata, ovata vel ovalia plerumque 1-2.5 cm. longa et 6-15 mm.

lata, apice obtusissima vel rotundata, sessilia, basi oblique obtusa

vel rotundata, terminali basi cuneato-angustata, utroque latere

grosse paucicrenata vel fere lobulata, interdum subintegra, supra

viridia sublucida sparse puberula, subtus paullo pallidiora sparse

breviter pilosula; racemi fructiferi laxi foliis paullo breviores pauci-

flori sparse pilosi, pedicellis ca. 4 mm. longis; fructus 2-valvis 5 mm.

longus globoso-obovoideus subcompressus glaber 1-spermus; sepala

persistentia 4 lanceolato-triangulariapubescentia. — Costa Rica : Prov.

Guanacaste: Port Parker, July 4, 1932, John Thomas Howell 10244

(type in Herb. Field Mus.; dupl. in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.).—

Colombia: Sabanilla Lagoon, August, 1932, A. Dugand 87; Casa-

coima, alt. 180 meters, September, 1936, Dugand 1034; Santa Rosa,

near Puerto Colombia road, May, 1933, Dugand 418.

The Colombian material was referred by the writer to B. graveo-

lens Triana & Planch., but that has much larger, acuminate leaflets.

The description of B. panamensis Pittier suggests this species, but

unless the description is very inaccurate, B. panamensis has larger

leaflets, the terminal one acute, with abundant persistent pubescence.

In B. Howellii the leaflets are very sparsely pubescent even from the

first. The collector's notes regarding the type of B. Howellii are as

follows: "Shrubby or becoming a tree 15-20 feet tall, the trunk

slender, with smooth, purplish gray bark. Growing on rocky slope

back from the beach."

TRIGONIACEAE

Trigonia rasa Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex scandens

elongatus, ramis gracillimis fusco-brunneis, novellis hirtellis vel

puberulis, internodiis brevibus; folia inter minora 2-5 mm. longe

petiolata subchartacea, lamina elliptico-oblonga usque oblongo-ovata

vel ovata plerumque 4.5-8.5 cm. longa et 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, saepius

longe angusteque acuminata, basi obtusa, supra glabra vel tantum ad

costam puberula, subtus paullo pallidior in statu adulto fere omnino

glabra, ad nervos costamque hinc inde pilis paucis rectis conspersa,

nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 5 arcuatis; thyrsi ut videtur

parvi et ad 6 cm. tantum longi, pedicellis fructiferis usque 7 mm.

longis; capsula oblongo-ovoidea 1.5-2 cm. longa ca. 1 cm. lata,

apiculato-acuta parce pilosa rubro-brunnescens, basi rotundata,

ubique dense lenticellis elevatis pallidis conspersa. — Guatemala:

60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Dept. Santa Rosa: Rio Panal, lower slopes of Volcan de Tecuam-

burro, along the road between Cuilapa and Chiquimulilla, November

28, 1940, Paul C. Standley 78584 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept.

Retalhuleu, Rio Coyote, along road 4 km. west of Retalhuleu, about

300 meters, February, 1941, Standley 87416 (sterile).

The only other species of Trigonia known from northern Central

America is T. floribunda Oerst., which has somewhat larger capsules

and larger leaves, on longer petioles and with more numerous lateral

nerves.

CELASTRACEAE

Rhacoma puberula (Lundell) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

R. riparia Lundell, var. puberula Lundell, Carnegie Inst. Wash.

Publ. 478: 213. 1937. Myginda puberula Lundell, Bull. Torrey

Club 64: 553. 1937.

Rhacoma Standleyi (Lundell) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

Myginda Standleyi Lundell, Bull. Torrey Club 67: 618. 1940.

Rhacoma Tonduzii (Loes.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

Gyminda Tonduzii Loes. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 98. 1900.

ACERACEAE

Acer Negundo L. var. mexicanum (DC.) Standl. & Steyerm.,

stat. nov. Negundo mexicanum DC. Prodr. 1: 545. 1824.

Acer Negundo L. var. orizabense (Rydb.) Standl. & Steyerm.,

stat. nov. Negundo orizabense Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 55. 1913.

SABIACEAE

Meliosma dives Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor

usque ad 12 m. alta, ramulis primo minute pubescentibus, in statu

adulto glabratis; folia 12-15 mm. longe petiolata chartacea anguste

oblanceolata vel oblongo-oblanceolata vulgo 12-18 cm. longa et 3-6

cm. lata longiacuminata, basin versus longe angusteque attenuata,

remote et inconspicue serrato-dentata vel fere integra, adulta glabra

vel tantum subtus in axillis nervorum barbata, supra viridia, subtus

pallidiora, nervis lateralibus ca. 10-jugis irregularibus arcuatis promi-

nentibus; paniculae terminales et axillares laxe multiflorae plerumque

8-18 cm. longae subdense sordide pubescentes, floribus sessilibus vel

breviter crasse pedicellatis; calyx 2 mm. latus, sepalis orbicularibus

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 61

vel ovato-orbicularibus, apice rotundatis, ciliatis, dorso sparse

puberulis; stylus brevis ovario multo brevior; drupa in statu sicco

6-8 mm. longa subglobosa vel obovoideo-globosa glabra. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Suchitepe"quez : Eastern slopes of Volcan de Santa Clara,

above Chicacao, alt. 1,250 meters, May, 1942, Julian A. Steyer-

mark 46773 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Finca Moca, Suchitepe"quez,

990 meters, May, 1937, W. C. Muenscher 12451. Southern slopes of

Volcan de Atitlan, Solola, 1,000-1,250 meters, Steyermark 47920.

Barrancos west of Finca Moca, lower slopes of Volcan de Atitlan,

1,000 meters, Steyermark 47614.

A relative of M. dentata (Liebm.) Urban, a Mexican species that

has been collected once in Guatemala (Dept. Zacapa), but in that the

flowers are conspicuously pedicellate and larger, and the fruit is

definitely larger than in M. dives.

Meliosma maxima Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 9-

metralis, ramis crassis primo dense sordide pubescentibus, glabres-

centibus; folia inter maxima crasse 2-3 cm. longe petiolata mem-

branacea longe cuneato-obovata vel spathulato-obovata 40-55 cm.

longa 14-20 cm. lata, apice ut videtur obtusa vel rotundata, basin

versus longe anguste attenuata, integra vel subintegra, supra viridia

glabra, subtus dense vel sparse velutino-pubescentia, pilis brevibus

patulis sordidis, costa subtus elevata, nervis lateralibus numerosis

elevatis marginem fere attingentibus; paniculae axillares usque ad

23 cm. longae laxe multiflorae sparse ramosae, ramis gracillimis sat

dense breviter pubescentibus; flores ad anthesin sessiles, pedicellis

in statu fructifero elongatis, albi (bene evoluti non visi); ovarium

glabrum; drupa subglobosa ca. 2 cm. diam. — Guatemala: Dept.

Izabal: Along stream, between Bananera and La Presa, Montana del

Mico, alt. 300 meters, March, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 38170

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). Along trail between Morales and Lago

de Izabal, Montana del Mico, 150 meters, Steyermark 39084.

Well marked by the extremely large leaves. The relationship is

probably with M. grandifolia (Liebm.) Urban, of Oaxaca.

MALVACEAE

Abutilon Pachecoanum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbus-

cula, ramulis dense stellato-tomentulosis atque pilis longis mollibus

patentibus indutis; folia longipetiolata rotundato-ovata magna

abrupte acuminata, interdum prope apicem leviter triloba, basi

profunde cordata, integra, supra viridia sparse minute stellate-

62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

pubescentia, subtus ubique tomento stellate albido subadpresso

dense induta; pedunculi axillares elongati 3-flori; calyx magnus dense

minute brunneo-stellato-tomentosus atque viscido-pilosus, lobis

obtusis vel acuminatis; petala 5.5 cm. longa glabra; carpella capsu-

lae ca. 10 et 8-ovulata longicuspidata dense stellato-pilosa. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Damp, densely forested barranco,

region of Las Nubes, south of San Martin Chile Verde, alt. 2,250

meters, January, 1941, Paul C. Standley 83528 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.); a tree 5 meters high; corolla deep wine-red. Dept. San

Marcos: Rocky slopes, vicinity of Tajumulco, northwestern slopes

of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 2,300-2,800 meters, February, 1940,

Steyermark 36905; shrub of 3-6 meters; leaves dull green above, gray

beneath.

This is a most handsome plant, well deserving introduction into

cultivation. It is marked by its very large, wine-red flowers, always

borne in 3's, and by the large leaves with a very dense coat of gray

stellate pubescence on the lower surface. It seems to be rare, and

only one plant could be found in the type locality. It is named for

Don Mariano Pacheco Herrarte, Director General de Agricultura

of Guatemala.

BOMBACACEAE

Ochroma lagopus Swartz, var. bicolor (Rowlee) Standl. &

Steyerm., stat. nov. 0. bicolor Rowlee, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9:

165. 1919.

Quararibea guatemalteca (Donn. Smith) Standl. & Steyerm.,

comb. nov. Myrodia guatemalteca Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 16: 2.

1891.

MARCGRAVIACEAE

Souroubea micrantha Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

scandens vel arbor parva epiphytica omnino glabra; folia 3-4 mm.

longe petiolata subcoriacea lucida obovato-oblonga vel obovato-

elliptica 5.5-8 cm. longa 2.5-4 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel interdum

subacuta, subtus in sicco brunnescentia versus marginem pauci-

glandulosa, nervis lateralibus obscuris; racemi breviter pedunculati

multiflori 5-8 cm. longi 1.5 cm. lati densi, pedicellis vix ultra 5 mm.

longis adscendentibus vel sursum curvatis; bracteae 3-4 mm. tan-

turn longae pileiformes cavae ad basin floris sessiles; sepala arete

imbricata orbicularia ca. 2 mm. longa coriacea; corolla in alabastro

vix ultra 3 mm. longa late ovoidea obtusissima ut videtur 3-loba;

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 63

stamina 3. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Near Puerto Barrios, in

Manicaria swamp, at sea level, April-May, 1939, Paul C. Standley

72793 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Swamp near Livingston, Izabal,

March, 1939, C. L. Wilson 362.

Most closely related to S. triandra Lundell, of British Honduras

and Guatemala, which is reported by Lundell from Puerto Barrios.

In that the flowers are larger and the bracts almost twice as long,

while the much longer pedicels are divaricate or somewhat reflexed.

Both are closely related to S. exauriculata Delp., but that is said

to have the bracts inserted below rather than at the base of the

flower.

GUTTIFERAE

Clusia lusoria Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 15-18-

metralis omnino glabra, ramulis crassis primo ferrugineis; folia

magna, petiolo 1-2 cm. longo crassissimo late alato supra concavo;

lamina oblongo-obovata vel late obovato-elliptica 9-16 cm. longa

4-10 cm. lata apice late rotundata, basi cuneata vel late cuneata,

supra lucida, nervis lateralibus numerosis angulo latiusculo divergen-

tibus utrinque prominulis; inflorescentia mascula 5-11 cm. longe

pedunculata 9-15-flora, medio bracteis 2 oppositis oblongis foliaceis

3-4 cm. longis sessilibus onusto, floribus sessilibus vel breviter crasse-

que pedicellatis, basi bracteolis 2 suborbicularibus magnis fulcratis;

sepala 4 suborbicularia inaequalia, interioribus ca. 8 mm. longis;

petala ovalia ca. 18 mm. longa et 8 mm. lata; stamina numerosa,

antheris linearibus 5-6 mm. longis, filamentis antheris paullo bre-

vioribus. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Middle slopes of Montana

Norte to El Jutal, Cerro Brujo, southeast of Conception de las Minas,

alt. 1,700-2,000 meters, November 2, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark

30987 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Zacapa: In cloud forest,

summit of Sierra de las Minas, near Finca Planados, 2,500 meters,

Steyermark 29972.

This species resembles C. Salvinii Donn. Smith, but is noteworthy

for the two large foliaceous bracts inserted at the middle of the long

peduncle.

Hypericum arbuscula Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Suffrutex

erectus vulgo dense ramosissimus ca. 30 cm. altus, radice crassa

recta, ramis erectis crassis densissime foliatis; folia sessilia erecta

vel valde adscendentia imbricata linearia 1-nervia 6-9 mm. longa

insigniter revoluta acuta coriacea sublucida epunctata; flores ad

apicem ramorum pauci breviter pedicellati 5-meri; sepala anguste

64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

lanceolato-oblonga acuta striata 5 mm. longa epunctata; petala

sepalis paullo longiora anguste spathulata apice inflexa et cucullata

ut videtur lutea epunctata; stamina numerosa distincta petala

aequantia; styli 3 graciles longissimi usque 4 mm. longi, capsulam

aequantes vel ea longiores; capsula ovoideo-oblonga vix ultra 3 mm.

longa acuta subtrigona 1-locularis; semina pauca oblonga brunnea

teretia fere laevia ca. 0.8 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Baja Vera-

paz: Fatal, April 11, 1941, John R. Johnston 1812 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.); between Fatal and Salama, April 11, 1941, Johnston

1811. Dept. Quiche": Without definite locality, Jose Ignacio Aguilar

773.

Referable to the group (subsection) Spachium of R. Keller. The

most nearly related Central American species is H. uliginosum

HBK., but that is herbaceous and usually annual, and has several

times shorter styles. The plants are very densely branched, with

very numerous suberect leaves, and heath-like in appearance.

Hypericum calcicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

densissime ramosus erectus et 30-60 cm. altus vel procumbens et

depressus, glaber, ramis vetustioribus teretibus nigris vel nigrescenti-

bus, novellis subteretibus rubescentibus, saepius dense foliatis; folia

parva breviter petiolata opposita subcoriacea, lamina elliptica vel

ovali, interdum late ovata, 5-10 mm. longa 3-6 mm. lata apice obtusa

vel anguste rotundata, supra viridi epunctata, venis reticulatis mani-

festis, subtus pallidiore sparse grosse punctata, venis nervisque laxe

manifesteque reticulatis; flores ad apices ramorum solitarii breviter

vel longiuscule pedicellati; sepala 4 ovato-oblonga ca. 2.5 mm. longa

acuta punctata adpressa; petala rosea reflexa ca. 7 mm. longa oblonga

obtusa; stamina ut videtur ca. 10, filamentis albidis; styli 3 usque

2 mm. longi ad anthesin recurvi; capsula anguste ovoidea fere 5 mm.

longa pallide rosea acuta 3-sulcata 3-locularis; semina haud numerosa

anguste oblonga vel subfusiformia pallida ca. 1 mm. longa. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Huehuetenango: On limestone bluffs, common, between

Tojquia and Caxin Bluff, summit of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

alt. 3,700 meters, August 6, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50160 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

In general appearance this plant somewhat resembles the very

densely branched forms of Symphoricarpos microphyllus HBK. It

is noteworthy for its densely branched, completely ligneous stems,

very small and numerous leaves, and solitary rose-colored flowers.

We have seen no other species that at all resembles it.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 65

Hypericum pinetorum Standl., sp. nov. — Suffrutex erectus

glaber 30-90 cm. altus dense ramosus, ramis crassiusculis rigidis

erectis densissime foliatis; folia sessilia linearia erecta vel suberecta

imbricata 7-17 mm. longa acuta coriacea 1-nervia valde revoluta,

subtus puncticulata; flores pauci subcorymbosi breviter pedicellati;

sepala anguste oblongo-lanceolata 5-6 mm. longa acuminata nervosa

epunctata; petala lutea obovata sepalis vix longiora epunctata;

stamina numerosa distincta petalis breviora; styli 3 vix 2 mm. longi;

capsula obtuse trigona oblongo-lanceolata 4 mm. longa acuta vel

attenuata brunnea 1-locularis; semina numerosa ellipsoidea brunnes-

centia ca. 0.6 mm. longa. — Honduras: Dept. Comayagua: Open

pine forest, alt. 1,080-1,400 meters, near Siguatepeque, February,

1928, Paul C. Standley 55880 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). In pine

forest, El Achote, near Siguatepeque, 1,500 meters, Standley 56130.

Wet pasture, plains near Siguatepeque, 1,050 meters, T. G. Yuncker,

R. F. Dawson & H. R. Youse 5569.

This is closely related to H. arbuscula, described above, but in

that the styles are several times as long. The Honduran collections

were determined originally with some uncertainty as H. denticula-

tum HBK., but that Mexican plant has denticulate leaves (they are

entire in H. pinetorum) and is essentially herbaceous.

Rheedia macrantha Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor alta,

trunco 15-20 cm. diam. et ultra, omnino glabra, ramulis plus minusve

tetragonis vel sulcatis in sicco lucidis; folia crasse 1-2 cm. longe

petiolata magna coriacea, lamina elliptico-oblonga vel lanceolato-

oblonga 14-24 cm. longa 4.5-8 cm. lata acuminata, basi cuneata vel

obtusa, lucida, subtus pallidiore, costa utrinque elevata, nervis

lateralibus numerosissimis utrinque prominentibus; flores virides-

centes magni in axillis vel ad nodos defoliates dense fasciculati,

pedicellis gracilibus 2.5-4.5 cm. longis, alabastris 8-10 mm. diam.;

sepala suborbicularia 8-10 mm. longa apice late rotundata; petala

late ovalia vel fere orbicularia 8-10 mm. longa; stamina in flore

masculo numerosa, filamentis crassiusculis basin versus dilatatis;

ovarium profunde sulcatum, stigmate crasse disciformi ca. 3 mm.

lato; bacca ellipsoidea 6 cm. longa 3.5 cm. lata, basi obtusa, apicem

versus contracta. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Wet mixed

forest along river bank, Rio Frio, about 8 km. below Tactic, alt.

1,400 meters, April 1, 1941, Paul C. Standley 90524 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). In virgin forest, 1,200 meters, Finca Los Alpes, March,

1939, C. L. Wilson 346.

66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

A relative of the South American R. macrophylla (Mart.) Planch.

& Triana, but apparently fully distinct from it.

Tovomitopsis guatemaltecana (Donn. Smith) Standl. &

Steyerm., comb. nov. Chrysochlamys guatemaltecana Donn. Smith,

Bot. Gaz. 13: 26. 1888.

CACTACEAE

Bonifazia Standl. & Steyerm., gen. nov. — Plantae epiphyticae

ramosae inermes, caulibus lignosis teretibus, ramis complanatis

tenuibus oblique breviter crenatis acuminatis vel obtusis; flores

parvi roseo-purpurei ad apices crenarum nascentes; ovarium ovale

bracteis minutis late ovatis obtusis conspersum; perianthii tubus

valde elongatus angustus limbo ca. quadruple longior, extus squamis

paucis latis remotis onustus, prope basin subito recurvus; perianthii

segmenta pauca late oblonga obtusa apiculata; stamina numerosa

(ca. 35) in fauce tubi inserta, filamentis gracillimis exsertis, antheris

ovali-ovoideis basi emarginatis parvis; stylus gracillimus staminibus

longior, stigmatibus 4 brevibus; fructus ignotus.

Bonifazia quezalteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Caules

graciles, vetustioribus 5-6 mm. diam. ; rami oblongo-lineares vel in-

terdum ovato-lanceolati 15-47 cm. longi et ultra 4-5 cm. lati, apice

acuti vel acuminati, rarius obtusi, basi attenuati et subteretes, in

sicco tenues, crenati, crenis 2-3 cm. longis plus minusve obliquis;

areolae parvae brevissime pilosae; ovarium 6-7 mm. longum, squamis

vix ad 1 mm. longis; perianthii tubus 4.5 cm. longus prope medium

4 mm. latus, ad faucem 8 mm. latus, segmentis ovalibus vel late

oblongis obtusissimis ca. 1.5 cm. longis; stamina purpurea 1 cm. longe

exserta et ultra, antheris ca. 1 mm. longis; stylus purpureus stamini-

bus bene longior, stigmatibus linearibus 2 mm. longis. — Guatemala:

Dept. Quezaltenango: Above Mujulia, between San Martin Chile

Verde and Colomba, alt. about 1,800 meters, pendent from tree

trunks in dense damp mixed forest on white sand slopes, February 1,

1941, Paul C. Standley 85603 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This is one of the most beautiful and ornamental of the epiphytic

cacti of Central America. While of course the flowers are not so

large as in some species of Epiphyllum or of the Cereus group, they

are borne in great abundance and are of exceptionally beautiful

color and form. They are of a delicate, rather pale reddish purple.

The plants hang loosely against the tree trunk, the flowers being

abruptly recurved from the base so that their apices point upward.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 67

It was believed at first that this Guatemalan plant could be

referred to the genus Wittia, which it resembles in having the tube

of the perianth much longer than the limb. However, the plant

constitutes a very distinct unit, that can not be placed satisfactorily

in any of the groups segregated by Britton and Rose, and has much

better claims to generic rank than most of those. Its relationship

is clearly with the monotypic genus Chiapasia, which also occurs in

Guatemala. It has in common with that a distinctive growth habit,

and particularly the narrow perianth, abruptly recurved from the

base. The latter character of Chiapasia, strangely enough, seems to

have escaped the attention of the authors of that genus, although

it is very conspicuous in their illustration of it. Perhaps they

believed that the position of the flowers was the result of handling

during drying. The Guatemalan plant can not be referred satisfac-

torily to Chiapasia, because in that the segments of the perianth are

two to three times as long as the tube, very narrow and long-attenu-

ate, and the stamens are about half as numerous.

The new genus, whose single species is one of the handsomest of

Guatemalan plants, is dedicated to the family of Don Guillermo

Bonifaz of Quezaltenango. The senior author has spent two months

in their pension in that city, and has many cherished memories of

the gracious hospitality extended to him. To no other lodging place

in Central America would he return with so much pleasure as to the

Pension Bonifaz, of which he has only happy memories, despite the

benumbing cold and fog that so often characterize the climate of

that western metropolis of Guatemala.

Heliocereus heterodoxus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Epi-

phytica plus minusve scandens, caulibus complanatis vel trigonis

3-4 cm. latis remote crenatis, areolis 2-4 cm. distantibus parvis dense

tomentosis; spinae 4-8 usque ad 8 mm. longis vulgo brevioribus

acicularibus fuscis vel primo pallidis; flores 8-11 cm. tantum longi,

tubo limbo longiore usque ad 7 cm. longo, bracteis tubi oblongis

obtusissimis viridibus denticulatis, spinis gracillimis fere filiformibus

laxis pallidis usque ad 1 cm. longis; segmenta interiora limbi 3.5-4.5

cm. longa obovata vel late oblonga apice late rotundata, segmentis

exterioribus paullo brevioribus; stamina segmentis paullo breviora,

filamentis roseis, antheris albis 3 mm. longis. — Guatemala: Dept.

San Marcos: Along Rio Vega between San Rafael and the north-

eastern portion of Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters,

February 21, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36291 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.) ; also no. 36262 from the same locality. Dept. Chimaltenango:

68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Pendent from tree in wet forest, Las Calderas, lower slopes of Volcan

de Fuego, 1,800-2,100 meters, Standley 57830; John R. Johnston 1208.

From all other species of the genus this is distinguished by the

relatively long corolla tube, that of other species being much shorter

than the limb. The type and one other collection are noteworthy

for having complanate rather than 3-angulate stems, but other

specimens placed here have the normal 3-angulate stems.

THYMELAEACEAE

Daphnopsis malacophylla Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Fru-

tex vel arbor 4.5-6-metralis, ramis ferrugineis, novellis dense pilis

patentibus fulvis hirtellis vel breviter hirsutis; folia breviter petiolata

chartacea, petiolo 4-8 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel

oblongo-obovata 7-16 cm. longa 2.5-6.5 cm. lata, acuta vel acumi-

nata, apice ipso obtuso, basi acuta, supra sparse pilis teneris patenti-

bus vel adpressis pilosa, serius glabrata, nervis venisque prominulis,

subtus fere concolor ubique dense pilis mollibus patentibus vel sub-

adpressis pilosa vel hirtella, costa gracili prominente, nervis laterali-

bus utroque latere ca. 7 irregularibus angulo lato vel latiusculo

divergentibus, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis; pedunculi terminales

et extra-axillares 1.5-4.5 cm. longi dense hirtelli, umbellis densis

multifloris, pedicellis brevibus vix ad 3 mm. longis dense adpresso-

pilosis; perianthium masculum 6 mm. longum adpresso-hirtellum,

lobis vix ultra 1 mm. longis; perianthium femineum 5 mm. longum

strigosum, lobis rotundo-ovatis patentibus; stylus breviter exsertus;

fructus ovoideus ca. 7 mm. longus sparse adpresso-pilosus acutus,

stylo brevi terminatus. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cerro

Canana, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2,500-2,800 meters, July

18, 1942, in wet cool cloud forest, between Canana and Quetzal,

Julian A. Steyermark 49104 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Cerro

Huitz, between Mimanhuitz and Yulhuitz, 1,500-2,600 meters,

Steyermark 48559, 49646. Wet cloud forest, Cruz de Limon, between

San Mateo Ixtatan and Nuca, 2,600-3,000 meters, Steyermark

49820, 49844.

Distinguished among Central American species by the abundant

soft pubescence and acute leaves.

SAPOTACEAE

Sideroxylon Stevensonii (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Dipholis Stevensonii Standl. Trop. Woods 11: 21. 1927. S.

rufotomentosum Standl. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 79. 1935.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 69

VACCINIACEAE

By A. C. Smith

Macleania linearifolia (Donn. Smith) A. C. Smith, Contr. U. S.

Nat. Herb. 28: 368. 1932.— Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Large

swamp just east of Tactic, alt. 1,300 meters, Steyermark 43953; woody

epiphyte, sprawling on top of knob in swamp; leaves coriaceous,

dark green above, paler beneath; calyx and corolla angled, both

orange-red.

In view of the fact that this species has previously been recorded

only from the type, also from Alta Verapaz, the above record is

noteworthy. The Steyermark specimen has the leaf blades still

linear-oblong, but the proportions are somewhat less accentuated

than those of the type, which has the blades at least five times as

long as broad. The present collection has some of the blades only

slightly more than three times as long as broad, but nevertheless the

species may readily be distinguished from its closest ally, M. insignis

Mart. & Gal., which is comparatively common in Guatemala.

Empedoclesia brachysiphon Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.

Berlin 12: 124. 1934. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Vicinity

of Maxbal, about 17 miles north of Barillas, Sierra de los Cuchu-

matanes, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 48838; epiphyte; leaves

coriaceous, deep green above, paler beneath; rachis and calyx deep

red ; corolla orange-red without, pale cream-colored on lobes within.

The second collection of this remarkable monotypic genus agrees,

in all essential characters, with the type specimen, Tuerckheim 4196,

from Coban, Alta Verapaz. The essential characters of the genus

are the bracteoles at the apex of the pedicel, the alternately unequal

filaments, and the very short anther tubules with apical pores. In

his recent key to the genera of Vacciniaceae, Sleumer (Bot. Jahrb.

71: 368-389. 1941) places Empedoclesia closest to Orthaea, but I am

inclined to agree with his first impression and consider the genus as a

relative of Macleania. However, Empedoclesia must be construed as

one of the most distinct genera of the family.

The Steyermark collection differs from the original description

in several minor characters: The lateral nerves of the leaf blades are

only about 4 rather than 6 or 7; the raceme reaches a length of 31

cm., rather than merely 10-12 cm., and bears up to 40 flowers, those

toward the base being soon caducous; the pedicels are up to 10 mm.

long and have subtending bracts up to 5 mm. long; the calyx is 12 mm.

70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

long at maturity rather than 9 mm.; the corolla is up to 25 mm.

long and 6 mm. in diameter, the filaments and anthers being each

about 5 mm. long. These larger dimensions merely indicate that the

recent collection has more robust inflorescences than the type.

Disterigma Humboldtii (Kl.) Niedenzu, Bot. Jahrb. 11: 224.

1889; A. C. Smith, Brittonia 1: 222. 1933.— Guatemala: Dept.

Huehuetenango: Cerro Huitz, between Barillas and Mimanhuitz,

Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,600-2,600 meters, Steyermark

48535; shrubby epiphyte; corolla whitish.

As compared with material of this species from Costa Rica,

Panama, and Colombia, the Guatemalan collection has slightly

larger leaf blades, these being up to 15 mm. long and 7.5 mm. broad.

In all floral details, however, the cited specimen is precisely matched

by specimens from farther south. The flowers are slightly larger

than those described by me in 1933, but since then I have seen other

specimens with the corolla up to 8.5 mm. long and the filaments up

to 5 mm. long, dimensions found in the Steyermark collection. It is

conceivable that when more material from Central America is avail-

able, it may prove desirable to recognize the Guatemalan plant

nomenclaturally on the basis of its larger leaves.

The collection of Disterigma in Guatemala is especially note-

worthy, as the genus has otherwise not been reported north of Costa

Rica.

Malea pilosa Lundell, Amer. Midi. Nat. 29: 484. 1943.— Guate-

mala: Dept. Huehuetenango: La Sierra (Tujimach), across river

from San Juan Atitlan, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2,500-2,900

meters, Steyermark 52017; epiphytic liana or shrubby; leaves sub-

coriaceous, deep green above, dull green beneath; upper forested

slopes.

Malea Lundell, a recently described monotypic genus apparently

related to Gaylussacia, was based on two collections made in Chiapas

by Matuda; the occurrence of the genus in Guatemala is of especial

interest. Although the Steyermark collection lacks corollas and

stamens, it precisely matches Matuda's type in all vegetative details,

as well as in characters of the calyx and ovary.

LOGANIACEAE

Buddleia stenoptera Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

1-3-metralis dense ramosus, ramis tetragonis, angulis anguste vel

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 71

interdum latiuscule alatis, novellis primo dense tomento fulvo vel

brunnescente stellato-lanatis; folia chartacea vel fere membranacea

breviter petiolata vel saepe sessilia, petiolo rare usque 1 cm. longo;

lamina late ovata vel elliptico-ovata usque lanceolata 5-15 cm. longa

1.5-7 cm. lata, acuta vel attenuato-acuminata, basin versus sensim

angustata vel interdum subito contracta et cuneato-attenuata, arete

dentata vel serrata, supra stellato-tomentosa vel glabrata, subtus

dense tomento laxo albido vel brunnescente stellato ubique obtecta;

flores lutescentes vel albidi 3 mm. longi dense capitati, capitulis

globosis 8 mm. diam. interrupto-spicatis, spicis in paniculas termi-

nales usque 13 cm. longas et aequilatas dispositis, floribus dense

tomentosis; calyx brevis, dentibus brevibus latis subobtusis; corolla

extus tomentulosa, lobis patentibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis, intus

plus minusve villosulis; capsula 2.5-3 mm. longa ovalis teres tomen-

tulosa apice rotundata. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Hot

springs in canyon tributary to Rio Samald, below Zunil, alt. 2,500

meters, January 24, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 35001 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

Besides the type, we have referred to this species eleven other

collections from the departments of Jalapa, Huehuetenango, Guate-

mala, Quezaltenango, Chimaltenango, and Quiche". Here is to be

referred all or most of the Guatemalan material determined hereto-

fore asB. floccosa Kunth. That was based upon material of Mexican

origin which, from description, must have been quite distinct from

the Guatemalan plant.

Buddleia amplexicaulis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

1.5-2.5 m. altus, ramis pallidis tetragonis laxe pilis fulvidis ramosis

tomentosis, angulis anguste alatis; folia modica sessilia, ovata vel

oblongo-ovata 6-15 cm. longa 2.5-5 cm. lata, acuta vel obtusa,

prope basin abrupte contracta et in partem petioliformem 1-3.5 cm.

longam 4-16 mm. latam basi amplexicaulem et cordatam contracta,

crenato-dentata, supra dense stellato-tomentosa vel glabrata, subtus

densissime tomento stellato brunneo vel fulvo laxo non adpresso

tomentosa; flores dense stellato- tomentosi dense capitati, 3 mm.

longi, capitulis 6-8 mm. diam. dense multifloris globosis interrupto-

spicatis; calyx brevis breviter dentatus dense tomentosus; corolla

extus tomentella, lobis obtusis intus glabris. — Guatemala: Dept.

Quezaltenango: El Chorro, near Zunil, February 17, 1939, Paul C.

Standley 65479 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. San Marcos:

Near Rio Vega, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, February,

72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

1940, Steyermark 36332. Above Rio Tacana, near San Antonio, alt.

2,700 meters, February, 1939, Standley 66124.

The relationship is with B. floccosa Kunth, but in that the leaves

are definitely petiolate, or else sessile and acute or acuminate at the

base.

Buddleia astralis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 12-

metralis, ramis crassis tetragonis dense inaequaliter tomentosis, pro

parte dense minute tomento arete adpresso albido conspersis, quoque

tomento longiore fulvido stellate remote obtectis; folia magna longi-

petiolata chartacea, petiolo nudo crasso 5-7 cm. longo ut ramis

induto; lamina ovata 19-27 cm. longa 9-11 cm. lata longiacuminata,

basi acuta, supra viridis, primo tomentulosa cito glabrata, subtus

ubique dense tomento pallido arete adpresso obtecta, quoque

tomento laxiore stellate detergibili conspersa, nervis lateralibus

late divergentibus prominentibus, venis prominentibus laxe reticu-

latis; flores flavi 4 mm. longi in capitula pauciflora 7 mm. diam.

aggregati, capitulis cymoso-paniculatis, paniculis terminalibus pyra-

midalibus usque 25 cm. longis sessilibus, ramis dense inaequaliter

tomentulosis; calyx tomentulosus 2 mm. longus, dentibus latis

obtusis; corolla calyce duplo longior extus tomentulosa, lobis

rotundo-ovatis apice rotundatis patentibus intus sparse villosis. —

Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Brushy field, lower slopes of Loma

de la Paloma, above Finca El Porvenir, southern slopes of Volcan

de Tajumulco, alt. 1,400-1,700 meters, March 8, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 37276 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The present plant is obviously related to B. ovandensis Lundell,

collected on Mount Ovando, Chiapas, and further collections will

be necessary to determine whether two distinct species are repre-

sented. In B. ovandensis the tomentum is uniform, minute, and

closely appressed, and in age the lower surfaces of the leaves are

green. In B. astralis the tomentum is conspicuously uneven, the

lower coat consisting of minute appressed silvery hairs, over which

are scattered loose copse-like tufts of a lax, much-branched, brownish

tomentum; the lower surfaces of the leaves are whitish or silvery

in age.

Spigelia carnosa Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis, erecta

vel decumbens, herbacea vel inferne frutescens omnino glabra, caule

tereti; stipulae triangulares acutae 3 mm. longae persistentes; folia

opposita, suprema quaternata, petiolo usque 6 mm. longo, in vivo

crasse carnosa, in sicco chartacea vel fere coriacea; lamina elliptica

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 73

usque elliptico-oblonga, late obovata vel ovata, 5-8.5 cm. longa

2-3.5 cm. lata, breviter acuminata usque obtusa, basi acuta, supra

intense viridis, nervis obsoletis, subtus multo pallidior fere enervis;

spicae 4-13 cm. longae multiflorae longipedunculatae graciles

secundae, floribus sessilibus; calycis segmenta 5 mm. longa lineari-

lanceolata subrecurva; corolla 1.5 cm. longa superne sensim dilatata,

extus interdum lilacina, intus alba; stylus delapsa corolla sepalis

aequilongus vel brevior apicem capsulae subaequans; capsula 5 mm.

lata laevis glabra, breviter biloba; semina lutescentia fere laevia 2.5

mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Dense rich wet

woods between Yulhuitz and Maxbal, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

alt. 1,400-1,500 meters, July 15, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48692

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Alta Verapaz: Rio Tzimajil near

Coban, alt. about 1,300 meters, bought from peddler, Standley 90272.

When dried, this plant appears little different from S. Hum-

boldtiana Cham. & Schlecht., but when fresh the plants are very

different, the leaves of this species being as fleshy as those of a

begonia, while those of S. Humboldtiana are thin and not succulent.

In the latter the style is conspicuously longer than in this new species.

OLEACEAE

Fraxinus bicolor Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 3-

metralis, ramulis gracilibus fusco-brunneis teretibus sparse lenticel-

latis, novellis dense puberulis; folia vulgo 5-foliolata plerumque

8-12 cm. longa; foliola membranacea, lateralia sessilia, terminale

longe petiolulatum, late ovalia usque ovata, oblongo-ovata vel ellip-

tica 3-8 cm. longa 1.5-3.5 cm. lata, subacuta vel acuminata, basi

rotundata vel subacuta, adpresse crenata, dentibus obtusis, supra

viridia sparse denseve pilosula, subtus glaucescentia dense velutino-

pubescentia, nervis venisque supra subtusque vix prominentibus.—

Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala: Near Fiscal, dry rocky brushy hill-

sides, alt. 1,100 meters, December, 1940, Paul C. Standley 80408

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Jutiapa: Between Jutiapa and

La Calera, south of Jutiapa, 850 meters, Standley 76150. Dept.

Chiquimula: Wooded summit of Mount Tojas, near Sasmo, north-

west of Chiquimula, 520 meters, October, 1939, Steyermark 30215.

This may be only a form of F. vellerea, described below, but it

differs in the form of its leaflets, which are thinner and appressed-

crenate, rather than acutely serrate. Both these species, unfortu-

nately, are known only from sterile material, but they are clearly

different from all the Mexican species.

74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Fraxinus Cavekiana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor usque

23 m. alta, ramulis crassis primo puberulis, cito glabratis, fusco-

brunneis, lenticellis magnis elevatis sparse conspersis; folia magna

5-9-foliolata, vulgo 20-35 cm. longa; foliola omnia petiolulata,

petiolulis interdum elongatis, ovata usque oblongo-lanceolata vulgo

8-14 cm. longa et 3-7 cm. lata acuminata vel longe angusteque

acuminata, basi plerumque acuta vel abrupte acutata, membranacea,

supra viridia sublucida, costa nervisque impressis, subtus aliquanto

pallidiora glabra vel sparse pubescentia, secus costam saepe breviter

barbata, nervis valde prominentibus, venis prominulis laxe reticu-

latis; panicula fructifera magna ca. 22 cm. longa laxa, pedicellis

filiformibus brevibus; fructus 4.5-5 cm. longus, parte seminifera ca.

1.5 cm. longa subtereti, ala obtusa 6-7 mm. lata vix ad mediam partis

seminiferae decurrente. — Guatemala: Dept. Quiche": Stream banks,

Nebaj, alt. 1,860 meters, November, 1934, A. F. Skutch 1660 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

Here are referred tentatively eight sterile collections from

Quezaltenango and Huehuetenango, some of which may not actually

belong with F. Cavekiana. The type was distributed as F. Uhdei

(Wenz.) Lingelsh., a Mexican species which occurs also in Guatemala,

but is distinguished by having fruits scarcely more than half as large.

The species name is derived from Cavek, the name of the royal house

of Quiche", from the time of its establishment until its destruction by

the Spaniards.

Fraxinus vellerea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 4-5-

metralis, ramulis puberulis vel glabratis, vetustioribus fusco-brun-

neis teretibus lenticellis parvis pallidis sat dense conspersis; folia

11-17 cm. longa vulgo 7-foliolata, interdum 5-foliolata; foliola crasse

membranacea firma, lateralia sessilia, terminale petiolulatum, late

ovata usque oblongo-ovata vel lanceolato-oblonga 4-8 cm. longa

2-4 cm. lata, acuta vel longiacuminata, lateralia basi obtusa vel

oblique rotundata, terminale acutum, supra viridia sparse pilosula

sublucida in sicco fuscescentia, nervis venisque non elevatis, subtus

pallidiora densissime velutino-pilosula, in toto margine dense serrata,

dentibus acutis non adpressis. — Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Damp

thicket near Jutiapa, alt. 850 meters, October-November, 1940,

Paul C. Standley 76162 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

There are at hand four other collections from the departments of

Jalapa, Chiquimula, and Guatemala, all sterile. The relationship is

with F. Purpusii Brandeg. of Mexico and Guatemala, but in that the

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 75

similar leaflets are glabrous or essentially so, while in F. vellerea they

are densely pubescent even when ready to fall.

GENTIANACEAE

Centaurium rosans Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Annua

erecta prope basin dense laxeque ramosa, caulibus gracilibus saepe

diffuse ramosis; folia patentia late linearia vel oblanceolata 1-2 cm.

longa acuta sessilia, vulgo basin versus attenuata; flores rosei ad

anthesin 11-13 mm. longi longipedicellati, pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis

adscendentibus, non stricte erectis; calyx 6 mm. longus, segmentis

lineari-lanceolatis longiattenuatis; corollae tubus calycem aequans,

lobis late ovatis obtusis tubo paullo longioribus; semina numerosis-

sima minuta brunnea. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Moist

banks, Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, January, 1940,

Julian A. Steyermark 34609 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Oak forest,

Cerro La Pedrera, south of Quezaltenango, February, 1939, Standley

66453. Between Fuentes Georginas and Zunil, Standley 67317.

Six other collections have been seen, which show that the species

occurs also in the departments of Sacatepe*quez, Chimaltenango,

Solola, and Huehuetenango. Apparently referable to it, also, is

Liebmann 10782 from Chinantla, Oaxaca. The plant is related to

C. strictum (Schlecht.) Druce, common in Guatemala, but that is a

strict plant, with the flowers confined to the upper part of the stem,

the pedicels erect or nearly so, and with much shorter and broader

calyx segments.

Gentiana guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Peren-

nis, caudice crasso lignoso, caulibus procumbentibus numerosis

crassiusculis 5-15 cm. longis dense foliatis; folia patentia sessilia

oblonga 1.5-2.5 cm. longa 4-6 mm. lata, apice obtusa vel anguste

rotundata, basi paullo angustata, enervia, ad margines minute

scaberula; flores 1-3 terminates vel subterminales sessiles 3.5 cm.

longi purpureo-caerulei; calycis tubus obconicus 8 mm. longus, lobis

5 inaequalibus anguste lanceolato-oblongis ca. 10 mm. longis sub-

acutis ad margines scaberulis; corolla campanulata 2.5 cm. longa,

lobis rotundo-ovatis fere 1 cm. longis apice rotundatis, plicis lobis

multo brevioribus bilobis, lobis triangularibus acutis vel acuminatis

sparse serratis. — Guatemala : Dept. Huehuetenango : Alpine meadow,

region of Che'mal, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 3,300 meters,

December, 1940, Paul C. Standley 81113 (type in Herb. Field Mus.),

81080; John R. Johnston 1723.

76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

This differs homG. Lewisiae in its larger flowers, which are purple-

blue rather than clear blue; also in having different plicae or folds

between the corolla lobes.

Gentiana Lewisiae Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis

prostrata, caulibus gracilibus 6-13 cm. longis simplicibus unifloris;

folia patentia oblonga 8-13 mm. longa 4-5 mm. lata apice obtusis-

sima vel rotundata, basi subacuta sessilia 1-costata enervia subtus

paullo pallidiora; flos terminalis sessilis basi foliis 2 fulcratus; calycis

tubus 5-6 mm. longus anguste obconicus, lobis 5 oblongis vel anguste

spathulato-oblongis 4-7 mm. longis subacutis erectis; corolla caerulea

2 cm. longa campanulata, lobis 5 ca. 3 mm. longis rotundo-ovatis

apice obtusissimis, plicis lobis multo brevioribus breviter bilobis,

lobis rotundatis. — Guatemala: Dept. Totonicapan: Damp meadow,

Pacaja, region of Desconsuelo, in the mountains above Totonicapan,

alt. 3,100-3,200 meters, Paul C. Standley 84556 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). Region of Salvachan, mountains above Totonicapan, 3,100

meters, Standley 84487. Cerro Quiche", 3,300 meters, February, 1940,

F. W. Hunnewell 17210.

The species is named for Mrs. B. E. Lewis of Guatemala, whose

keen interest in the plants of Guatemala has resulted in the addition

of numerous species, previously unknown, to its recorded flora.

She has taken a particular interest in the fascinating, varied, and

often very beautiful flowers of the alpine regions, which often remind

one keenly of the alpine plants of the western mountains of the

United States.

In 1940 and 1941 the senior author collected large-flowered

gentians in the Desconsuelo region of Totonicapan and in the Che"mal

area of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes. It was assumed that a single

species was represented, but when the material was compared, it was

revealed that the plants of these two areas were quite distinct. Gen-

tiana Lewisiae and G. guatemalensis are more or less related to several

Mexican species, but not closely to any of them. There are now

known from Guatemala four gentians, although apparently none of

them had been found there until 1940, in spite of the fact that one

of them grows beside one of the most frequented roads of the country,

along which stage coaches were traveling at least 200 years ago.

Gentiana pumilio Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Annua humil-

lima vix ultra 2.5 cm. alta simplex vel e basi ramosa, caulibus unifloris

densissime foliatis; folia radicalia ca. 4 oblongo-obovata usque 15

mm. longa et 6 mm. lata obtusa vel subacuta, caulinis magnitudine

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 77

et forma variabilibus, inferioribus late obovatis, superioribus late

ovatis, plus minusve amplexicaulibus, omnibus dense imbricatis albo-

marginatis 2-7 mm. longis, carinatis, late obtusis et saepe mucronatis;

flores inter folia sessiles 6-7 mm. longi; calyx fere tubulosus, dentibus

5 oblongis brevibus erectis obtusissimis late albomarginatis, sinubus

latis separatis minutissime marginibus scaberulis fere aequalibus;

corolla pallide caerulea infundibuliformis, limbo rotate, lobis rotun-

do-ovatis vel obovatis 3.5 mm. longis apice rotundatis, plicis lobis

brevioribus emarginatis vel breviter bilobis; capsula anguste oblonga

6 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Scattered on dry

rocky open slopes among Alnus trees, between San Sebastian and

summit of Volcan de Tajumulco, altitude about 4,000 meters, Feb-

ruary, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 35489 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

There are at hand five additional collections, from alpine mead-

ows of Volcan de Tacana, San Marcos, the region of Desconsuelo,

Totonicapan, and the region of Che'mal, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

Huehuetenango. The plant has been collected also in Chiapas, on

Volcan de Tacana (E. Matuda 2868). It is a close ally of Gentiana

sedifolia HBK., a common species of the South American Andes,

which occurs also in Costa Rica and has been collected recently in

the Che'mal region of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Huehue-

tenango, where it grew with G. pumilio. In recent accounts of the

gentians of South America, students of the genus have thrown up their

hands in despair at alignment of the forms of G. sedifolia (see Gilg,

Repert. Sp. Nov. 2: 51. 1906, and elsewhere). The South American

material of the species does show great variation in several respects,

but we have seen among the numerous collections available for study

none like the Guatemalan collections of G. pumilio, which are all

quite uniform in their characters. G. pumilio is a much smaller

plant, never more than 1-2.5 cm. high, noteworthy for its densely

imbricate leaves, which quite conceal the stem, and for its small

flowers, in which the plicae between the corolla lobes are short and

somewhat bilobate. G. sedifolia was illustrated as having plicae

quite as large as the corolla lobes.

Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme, forma lutescens Standl.

& Steyerm., f. nov. — A forma typica non nisi corollis pallide luteis

vel ochroleucis differt. — Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Damp meadow

in oak forest, near Jalapa, alt. 1,360 meters, November, 1940, Paul

C. Standley 76561 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).— Honduras: Dept.

Comayagua: Dry open bank, near Siguatepeque, 1,400 meters,

February, 1928, Standley 56088.

78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Because of its pale buff or cream-colored corollas, this is much

different in appearance from the common form of the species, with

dirty pink flowers. Large numbers of the plants, all much reduced

in size and mostly 2-3 cm. high, were found at the Jalapa station.

Voyria truncata (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

Leiphaimos truncata Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 196. 1919.

V. Allenii Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 28: 460. 1941.

APOCYNACEAE

Tonduzia longipedunculata Woodson, sp. nov. — Frutex.

Folia 4-nata longiuscule petiolata, lamina anguste elliptico-lanceo-

lata longe acuminata basi in petiolum ca. 3 cm. longum gradatim

attenuata 15-20 cm. longa 2.5-3 cm. lata membranacea utrinque

glabra. Inflorescentia subterminalis axillaris longe (ca. 7-8 cm.)

pedunculata superne 3-chasialiter ramosa subcorymbosa multi-

flora; pedicellis gracilibus ca. 0.5 cm. longis; bracteis minutis;

calycis laciniis ovatis acuminatis ca. 0.2 cm. longis subconduplicatis

viridibus glabris; corollae lacteae tubo ca. 0.8 cm. longo basi ca.

0.5 mm. diam. paullo sub medio aliquantulum dilatato ibique

staminigero, ostio ca. 0.75 mm. diam. dilute luteo, lobis oblongo-

ovatis ca. 0.9 cm. longis patulis. Folliculi ignoti. — Guatemala : Dept.

Solola: Trail between village of San Pedro, via San Juan, San

Cristobal Buena Vista, and northwestern slopes of Volcan de Santa

Clara, alt. 1,900-2,300 meters, June 8, 1942, J. A. Steyermark 47313

(Herb. Missouri Bot. Card., type; duplicate in Herb. Field Mus.).

Easily distinguished from other published species of Tonduzia by

means of the elongate primary peduncles which far surpass the

secondary branches.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Matelea Medusae Woodson, sp. nov. — Frutex volubilis; ramu-

lis gracilibus indumento complicato pilis aliis longioribus substrigosis

eglandularibus aliis minute bulbosis glandularibus, internodiis longi-

usculis. Folia opposita longiuscule (ca. 1.5 cm.) petiolata oblongo-

elliptica apice acuminata basi cordata 6-9 cm. longa 1.5-3.5 cm.

lata membranacea omnino (more ramulo) complicato-pubescentia

basi supra in sinu inconspicue glandulosa. Inflorescentia extra-

axillaris umbelliformis 5-8-flora; pedunculo 0.5-1.0 cm. longo com-

plicato-pubescente, bracteis vix bene visis; pedicellis pedunculum

subaequantibus simile vestitis; calycis laciniis ovato-lanceolatis

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 79

longe caudato-acuminatis ca. 0.4 cm. longis basi ca. 0.15 cm. latis

patulis extus complicato-pubescentibus; corollae rotatae dilute

virides lobis linearibus longe acuminatis ca. 1.8 cm. longis basi ca.

0.15 cm. latis marginibus revolutis intus glabris extus complicato-

pubescentibus; gynostegio longe stipitato, corona purpurea colum-

nari ca. 0.13 cm. longa sub anthera lobis patulis 5 obtusis calloso-

emarginatis antheris alternatis ligulisque minutis sub anthera

instructa, stigmate dilute viridi piano ca. 0.13 cm. diam., polliniis

subpendentibus ovoideis convexo-concavis apice margine hyalinis

caudiculis corpusculoque minutis. Folliculi ignoti. — Guatemala:

Dept. Huehuetenango: Rocky slopes above La Libertad, on Cerro

Pueblo Viejo, alt. 1,900 meters, August 20, 1942, J. A. Steyermark

50987 (Herb. Missouri Bot. Card., type; duplicate in Herb. Field

Mus.).

Apparently of the subgenus Ibatia, but differing from all known

species in the very narrow and elongate corolla lobes. The ligules

of the corona immediately beneath the anthers are rather unusual

in this subgenus, being found more frequently in subgen. Chtha-

malia (cf. Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 28: 217-237. 1941).

Species of Chthamalia, however, usually have narrower, more nearly

horizontal pollinia.

Marsdenia stephanotidifolia Woodson, sp. nov. — Frutex

volubilis magnus inflorescentia excepta glaber; ramis sat crassis

cortice luteobrunneis conspicue lenticellatis, internodiis elongatis.

Folia late ovata apice abrupte acuminata basi late rotundata inferne

cordata 10-17 (-25?) cm. longa 6-11 (-17?) cm. lata subcoriacea

basi supra in sinu conspicue glandulosa, petiolo 2.5-4.5 (-6?) cm.

longo. Inflorescentia extra-axillaris umbelli- vel corymbiformis

dichotome saepe repetite divisa pedunculo petiolum fere aequante

puberulo-papillato; pedicellis ca. 0.8 cm. longis puberulo-papillatis;

calycis laciniis ovatis obtusis ca. 0.5 cm. longis extus papillatis;

corolla urceolata ut videtur gilva ca. 1.1 cm. longa basi ca. 0.5 cm.

diam. extus glabra intus marginibus lobi exceptis dense villosula,

lobis erectis vel paululo patulis tubum aequantibus; gynostegio

proprio incluso rostro stigmatis exserto, antheris ca. 0.5 cm. longis

subsessilibus dorso basi triangulo-incrassatis, appendicibus apicali-

bus simplicibus membranaceis ca. 0.15 cm. longis, polliniis oblongoi-

deis ca. 0.5 mm. longis corpusculum aequantibus, rostro stigmatis

conico apice obscure 2-fido ca. 0.4 cm. longo basi ca. 0.15 cm. crasso.

Folliculi ignoti. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango : Wet mixed

forest along Rio Samala, near Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,500-1,650

80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

meters, January 25, 1941, P. C. Standley 84593 (Herb. Missouri Bot.

Gard., type; duplicate in Herb. Field Mus.). Densely forested,

damp, white sand quebrada, El Pocito, south of San Martin Chile

Verde, on road to Colomba, alt. about 2,200 meters, January 27, 1941,

Standley 84905 (Herb. Missouri Bot. Gard.). Pete'n: Uaxactun,

April 9, 1931, H. H. Bartlett 12555 (Herb. Missouri Bot. Gard.).

Bartlett's specimen, previously unidentified, is referred here

with some uncertainty, since it consists merely of a few leaves and

a short section of stem, all considerably larger than those of the

type, possibly from lower on the liana. I suppose that M. stephano-

tidifolia is most closely related to the Antillean species of Rothe's

section Stephanotis subsect. Cubenses, although the corolla lobes of

those are proportionally longer. I can find no clearer indications of

affinity.

Gonolobus versicolor Woodson, sp. nov. — Frutex volubilis

validus, ramulis pilosis. Folia oblongo-ovata apice acute acuminata

basi truncata vel levissime auriculata 4.5-8 cm. longa 2-3.5 cm. lata

membranacea supra subtusque nervo medio piloso caeterumque

glabra, petiolo 1.5-3.5 cm. longo piloso. Inflorescentia extra-axil-

laris pauciflora, pedunculo glabro 3-5 cm. longo, pedicellis 2-2.5 cm.

longis glabris. Flores magni versicolores; calycis laciniis lineari-

lanceolatis longe acuminatis ca. 2 cm. longis basi ca. 0.3 cm. latis

patulis glabris extus basi fulvo-brunneis apice nigro-brunneis; corol-

lae rotatae lobis lineari-lanceolatis longe acuminatis 2.5-3 cm. longis

basi ca. 0.5 cm. latis fere erectis crasse carnosis extus glabris brunneo-

flavis vel -viridibus intus medio luteo brunneis margine exteriore

dilute viridi margine interiore fulvo-brunneo denseque papillato

caeterumque glabris, ostio annulo latissime 5-lobo munito; corona

propria late patelliformi ca. 0.5 cm. diam. latissime 5-loba margine

caeterumque integra vel obscure crenulata dilute viridi; antheris ca.

0.3 cm. stipitatis sub stigma positis appendicibus dorsalibus late

lingulatis ca. 0.1 cm. longis integris brunneis, polliniis pyriformibus

cum caudiculis hyalinis ca. 0.15 cm. longis corpusculo minuto; stig-

mate anguste 5-gono plano-depresso angulis adscendentibus ca. 0.4

cm. latis. Folliculi ignoti. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango :

Vicinity of Maxbal, about 17 miles north of Barillas, Sierra de los

Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,500 meters, July 15-16, 1942, J. A. Steyermark

48768 (Herb. Missouri Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in Herb. Field

Mus.).

A species of the subgenus Eugonolobus (cf. Woodson, Ann. Mis-

souri Bot. Gard. 28: 242. 1941), of the general relationship of G. uni-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 81

florus HBK. and G. chloranthus Schlecht. but with much narrower,

virtually glabrous corolla lobes. The elaborate description of the

flower colors is adapted from Dr. Steyermark's painstaking notes.

CONVOLVULACEAE

Ipomoea santae-rosae Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

gracilis volubilis fere omnino glaber; folia longipetiolata late ovato-

cordata 6-10 cm. longa 3.5-6.5 cm. lata longiacuminata, basi

profunde cordata glabra vel subtus ad basin laminae parce hir-

tella; pedunculi fere obsoleti 1-flori, pedicellis crassiusculis 2-4

cm. longis; sepala insigniter inaequalia subcoriacea, longiora 18-25

mm. longa late oblonga vel ovalia apice obtusa et conspicue mucro-

nata, tenuiter venosa; corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis 6.5 cm.

longa extus glabra rubro-purpurea, tubo fauce 1.5 cm. lato; capsula

4-locularis subglobosa glabra 8 mm. longa; semina 4 fusca minutis-

sime puberula. — Guatemala: Dept. Santa Rosa: In thicket, vicinity

of Chiquimulilla, alt. 325 meters, November-December, 1940, Paul

C. Standley 79287 (type in Herb. Field Mus.), 79211; La Joya de

Limon, east of Cuilapa, 900 meters, Standley 78329. Dept. Que-

zaltenango: Conception, J. R. Johnston 562.

Perhaps related, although not very closely, to /. tiliacea (Willd.)

Choisy, which has sepals scarcely half as large.

Ipomoea saxorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Subgenus

Batatas. Volubilis herbacea, caulibus crassiusculis dense pilis

reflexis pilosis; folia membranacea longipetiolata rotundo-ovata

6-8 cm. longa 5-7 cm. lata, obtusa vel acuta, basi truncata vel

subcordata, utrinque sat dense hirtella vel breviter pilosa, subtus

paullo pallidiora, petiolis 2-3.5 cm. longis; pedunculi crassi 4-10 cm.

longi dense pilosi pluriflori, pedicellis crassis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis

pilosis; sepala inaequalia coriacea apice rotundata, exteriora ovalia

5 mm. longa prope apicem parce hirtella, interiora latiora glabra

8 mm. longa; corolla alba glabra 6.5 cm. longa, tubo ad orem 1 cm.

lato; capsula subglobosa glabra ca. 1 cm. longa, apice late rotundata

et abrupte in stylum contracta; semina glabra. — Guatemala: Dept.

Chiquimula: Rocky outcrops along the gorge of Rio Chiquimula,

between Santa Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north of Chiqui-

mula, alt. 350-420 meters, October 22, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark

30254 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Not obviously related to any other Central American species,

but belonging in the general relationship of I. Morelii Duchass. &

82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Walp., which differs in its purple flowers, almost glabrous leaves,

and glabrous sepals.

Ipomoea heterodoxa Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Section

Batatas. Herbacea volubilis ubique glabra, caulibus gracilibus; folia

longipetiolata herbacea, digitatim 5-7-foliolata, foliolis maxime

inaequalibus, inferioribus integris breviter petiolulatis vel sessilibus

oblanceolatis vel anguste oblanceolatis 4-8.5 cm. longis 8-18 mm.

latis apicem obtusum versus paullo angustatis, basin versus sensim

attenuatis; foliolum terminale 6-12 cm. longum profunde, saepe fere

ad basin, 3-partitum, basi longe cuneato-attenuatum, lobis integris;

pedunculi petiolis multo breviores vix ultra 14 mm. longi pauciflori,

pedicellis gracilibus ca. 1 cm. longis; sepala inaequalia subcoriacea

ovalia vel suborbicularia 5-6 mm. longa apice rotundata mutica;

corolla alba roseo suffulta glabra 3.5-4 cm. longa, tubo supra calycem

abrupte dilatato et 6-10 mm. lato, limbo ut videtur paullo ultra 1.5

cm. lato; capsula glabra ellipsoideo-ovata ca. 1 cm. longa; semina

dense pilis longis mollibus patentibus pilosa. — British Honduras:

Maskall, December, 1933, Percy Gentle 871 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.); Mullins River Road, open forest, W. A. Schipp 846; Honey

Camp, Orange Walk, C. L. Lundell 149. — Mexico: Campeche:

Tuxpena, C. L. Lundell 974.

For some reason not now ascertainable, this plant has been deter-

mined as /. dasysperma Jacq., and reported from British Honduras

under that name. It has no close resemblance to that Old World

plant, and is well marked in the form of its leaves. The leaflets are

5 or 7, and instead of being uniform as is usual in such cases, the

terminal leaflet is very deeply 3-lobate.

Ipomoea ophiodes Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Subgenus

Pharbitis. Volubilis herbacea, caulibus crassiusculis, vulgo prostratis

vel procumbentibus et at nodos radicantibus dense pilis longis

patentibus pallidis hirsutis, internodiis elongatis; folia modica longi-

petiolata late ovato-cordata 4-10 cm. longa 3-6.5 cm. lata acuta vel

acuminata basi profunde cordata supra viridia tactu asperula hirsu-

tula, subtus paullo pallidiora puberula, petiolis puberulis et sparsis-

sime hirsutis; pedunculi brevissimi vix ad 1 cm. longi 1-flori, pedi-

cellis 2.5-3.5 cm. longis gracilibus sparse minuteque puberulis et

sparsissime hirsutis; sepala subaequalia subherbacea ca. 12 mm.

longa lineari-lanceolata acuminata sparse hirsuta; corolla intense

purpurea 8-9 cm. longa extus glabra, limbo subintegro 8 cm. lato.—

Guatemala: Dept. Santa Rosa: Brushy hillside, region of La More-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 83

nita, northeast of Chiquimulilla, alt. 400 meters, December, 1940,

Paul C. Standley 78884 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Near Guaza-

capan, 220 meters, Standley 78700. Rio Panal, lower slopes of Volcan

de Tecuamburro, along the road between Cuilapa and Chiquimulilla,

Standley 78579.

This plant is related, apparently, to /. pur pur ea (L.) Roth, but

is noteworthy for its very large and handsome corollas, 1-flowered

peduncles, and the dense covering of long spreading hairs on the

stems. The pubescence of the leaves, in contrast, consists of very

short and inconspicuous hairs.

Itzaea Standl. & Steyerm., gen. nov. — Frutices alte scandentes;

folia petiolata crasse membranacea integra, subtus dense sericea;

flores parvi virides in cymulas densas pauci- vel multifloras breviter

pedunculatas axillares petiolo breviores dispositi; sepala subaequalia

suborbicularia apice rotundata vel obtusissima et obscure apiculata,

extus sericea intus glabra; corolla campanulata breviter 5-loba extus

sericea, lobis induplicato-valvatis; stamina ad faucem affixa breviter

exserta, filamentis elongatis basi paullo dilatatis; antherae oblongae,

loculis contiguis, connective angusto; discus inconspicuus; ovarium

1-loculare 4-ovulatum; styli 2 breves, stigmatibus magnis globoso-

capitatis; capsula globosa sublignosa, pericarpio crasso, 3-4-valvata,

valvis apice dehiscentibus et in valvulas numerosas lineares sece-

dentibus; semina 3-4 magna glabra pulpo rubro copioso circumdata.

Itzaea sericea (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. Lysio-

styles sericea Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 322. 1931.

Of this plant the following collections are at hand: Honduras:

Dept. Atlantida: Lancetilla Valley, A. M. Chickering 130, type;

Lancetilla Valley, Standley 55233, 56577. In forest, slopes of Mount

Cangrejal, Dept. Atlantida, 180 meters, T. G. Yuncker, J. M. Koep-

per & K. A. Wagner 8452. — British Honduras: Swamp forest,

Machaca, W. A. Schipp 1210.

We are somewhat reluctant to establish a new genus for this plant,

but it can not be placed satisfactorily in any described group we have

studied. Probably it is as closely related to Lysiostyles as to any

genus of the Convolvulaceae, but it evidently is out of place there.

The form of the capsule, which apparently has no fleshy pericarp,

is distinctive in its dehiscence. When fully mature it splits into

numerous hard but somewhat elastic vertical sections that remind one

of the staves of a barrel. The generic name is derived from Itza, the

name of the race that established the old Maya Empire.

84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Jacquemontia guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Perennis(?) herbacea, caulibus repentibus ca. 50 cm. longis modice

denseve pilis stellatis retrorso-villosis; folia breviter longeve petio-

lata; lamina late ovata 3.5-4.5 cm. longa 2.5-3 cm. lata subito bre-

viterque caudato-acuminata, basi cordata vel subcordata, utrinque

sparse vel densiuscule stellato-pilosa; cymae axillares 2-3-florae,

pedunculis gracilibus 1.7-3 cm. longis dense breviterque stellato-

pilosulis, pedicellis 4-7 mm. longis; bracteae 1.5-2 mm. longae subu-

latae; sepala 5.5-6 mm. longa 2 mm. lata dorso modice denseve

stellato-pilosa, late lanceolata, acuminata; corolla caerulea glabra

9 mm. longa, lobis abrupte cuspidatis; filamenta prope medium

corollae inserta glabra, antheris late oblongis 0.5-0.6 mm. longis;

ovarium glabrum; capsula depresso-globosa 3.8-5.5 mm. alta 4.5-6

mm. lata; semina 4 compresso-trigona fulvo-brunnea 3.5 mm. longa

corrugata. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Creeping among grasses

on slopes of grassy plains about Chiquimula, alt. 400 meters, October,

1939, Julian A. Steyermark 30066 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Most closely related to J. oaxacana (Meissn.) Hallier and J.

azurea (Desr.) Choisy. From the latter it differs in the eglandular

pubescence of the sepals, shorter appressed pubescence of the stems,

and less abundant pubescence on the leaves. From J. oaxacana it

is distinguished by the smaller, blue rather than white corolla, the

sepals dorsally stellate-pubescent throughout instead of glabrous or

merely ciliate, the gradually long-acuminate rather than abruptly

acuminate sepals, the shorter peduncles, and the fewer flowers in

each cyme.

Jacquemontia mexicana (Loes.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Aniseia mexicana Loes. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 59: 155.

1917.

BORAGINACEAE

Beurreria Quirosii Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbuscula,

ramulis gracilibus fuscis lenticellatis, glabris vel minute adpresso-

puberulis; folia inter minora petiolata crasse membranacea, petiolo

5-10 mm. longo; lamina late ovata, elliptica vel rotundato-obovata

3.5-7.5 cm. longa 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, apice subacuta usque rotundata,

basi acuta vel obtusa, interdum subabrupte angustata, supra sca-

berula vel glabrata, subtus sparse puberula vel glabrata, ad costam

dense breviter pilosa; inflorescentia terminalis pedunculata pauci-

flora, floribus sessilibus aggregatis; calyx anguste campanulatus

10-12 mm. longus basi obtusus glaber, lobis triangulari-ovatis 3-4

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 85

mm. longis acutis; corolla magna extus sat dense breviter villosula,

tubo ca. 3.5 cm. longo fauce 6 mm. lato, lobis late ovatis vel fere

rotundatis obtusis 12-14 mm. longis patentibus intus puberulis;

fructus late ovoideus 2.5 cm. longus 1.5 cm. latus basi late rotunda-

tus vel cordatus, apice subito acuminatus, segmentis siccis et expansis

cordatis marginibus tenuibus late alatis. — Costa Rica: Prov. Punta-

renas: Manzanillo, July, 1937, M. Quirds C. 740 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). San Lucas, July, 1934, J. M. Orozco 348. Between Bagaces

and Cafias, May, 1932, A. M. Brenes 15604. Near Lepante, June,

1932, Brenes 15703. Port Parker, July 4, 1932, John Thomas Howell

(Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.).

The fresh flowers are described as creamy yellow. This shrub

was reported in Flora of Costa Rica as B. cumanensis (Loefl.) O. E.

Schulz, the material then available consisting of a single specimen

in fruit, and not distinguishable from that species of the coast of

northern South America. Recent collections show that B. Quirosii,

although resembling B. cumanensis in its fruit, is quite different in

flower characters. In the latter the flowers are much smaller, the

calyx half as large, and the corolla with a relatively short tube.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Capraria frutescens (Mill.) Standl., comb. nov. — Erinus frutes-

cens Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 4. 1768. C. saxifragaefolia Cham.

& Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 105. 1830.

Castilleja altorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Subgenus

Hemichroma. Herba erecta perennis, caulibus simplicibus vel parce

ramosis, ramis erectis, pilis brevibus vel longis laxis albis villosis,

interdum glabratis, dense foliatis, internodiis brevibus; folia infima

anguste lanceolato-oblonga 1-2 cm. longa 2.5-5 mm. lata obtusa

sessilia serrata vel laciniato-dentata, mediana paullo latiora saepe

profundius laciniata, suprema profunde laciniata, sat dense villosula

vel interdum glabrata; flores spicati, spicis brevibus pauci- vel multi-

floris usque 5.5 cm. longis, floribus sessilibus vel usque 2 mm. longe

pedicellatis; bracteae coccineae, inferiores superne laciniato-lobatae,

segmentis lateralibus brevibus linearibus, medio late obtuso vel

rotundato, superiores late ovatae obtusissimae integrae; calyx 16-20

mm. longus puberulus vel breviter villosulus, antice profunde fissus,

postice breviter fissus, lobis brevissime bilobatis; corolla 2-3 cm.

longa, galea angustissima incurva dorso villosula; capsula late

oblonga ca. 1 cm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Open

86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

alpine meadows, top of Cerro Chemalito, Sierra de los Cuchuma-

tanes, 3.5 miles west of Santa Eulalia, alt. 3,100-3,150 meters,

August, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 49908 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Alpine areas in vicinity of Tunima, 3,400-3,500 meters, Steyermark

48415, 48414.

The last collection cited has pale orange bracts; in the other two

they are scarlet and green. Apparently an isolated and local endemic,

not matched by any Mexican species of which we have seen material.

Among the few Guatemalan species it may be recognized at once by

the small, rather crowded leaves which are serrulate or laciniate-

dentate. In the other species the leaves are either entire or deeply

pinnatisect, at least in part.

Castilleja communis Benth. forma Johnstoniae Standl., f.

nov. — A forma typica speciei non nisi bracteis apice pallide luteis

vel ochroleucis differt. — Guatemala: Dept. Escuintla: Between Rio

Jute and Rio Pantaleon, on road between Escuintla and Santa Lucia

Cotz., in moist field, January 24, 1939, Paul C. Standley 63500 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

In the common and typical form of the species the bracts are

tipped with bright red or scarlet. Forma Johnstoniae has green

bracts that are tipped with pale yellow or cream color. It has been

collected in several departments of Guatemala and probably may

be found throughout the range of the species. This plant is named

for Mrs. John R. Johnston, to whom the writer is deeply indebted

for kindly hospitality during his two visits to Guatemala.

MARTYNIACEAE

Martynia confusa (Van Eseltine) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Proboscidea confusa Van Eseltine, N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Techn.

Bull. 149: 13. JU. 1929.

RUBIACEAE

Psychotria altorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Subgenus

Mapouria. Frutex 1.5-3.5 m. altus ramosus, ramis gracilibus gla-

bris; stipulae caducae distinctae usque 12 mm. longae ferrugineae

ovatae vel oblongo-ovatae acuminatae vel apice breviter bilobae,

lobis attenuatis ciliatis; folia breviter petiolata, petiolo crassiusculo

5-10 mm. longo vulgo marginato; lamina oblongo-oblanceolata vel

anguste oblanceolata 9-12 cm. longa 2-3.5 cm. lata acuta vel obtusa,

basin versus longe sensimque attenuata, glabra, supra in sicco

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 87

cinereo-viridis, costa prominente, nervis manifestis sed non elevatis,

subtus fere concolor, costa crassiuscula prominula, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere ca. 10 teneris angulo lato adscendentibus arcuatis;

inflorescentia terminalis ovoideo-paniculata multiflora 1.5-5 cm.

longe pedunculata erecta, usque 5.5 cm. longa et 5 cm. lata, ramis

basalibus ca. 4 divergentibus vel reflexis brevibus crassiusculis gla-

bris, bracteis caducis, floribus dense cymoso- vel umbellato-aggre-

gatis sessilibus vel breviter crasseque pedicellatis; calyx cum

hypanthio 2 mm. longus, calyce campanulato hypanthio crasse

columnari paullo longiore brevissime remote dentato vel subintegro;

corolla alba ca. 5 mm. longa extus glabra, in alabastro apice sub-

truncata et subangulata, fauce non barbata, lobis oblongis obtusis

recurvis tubo fere duplo brevioribus intus glabris; stylus breviter

exsertus, apicibus tantum antherarum exsertis; fructus pallide

aurantiacus vel ruber subglobosus 6 mm. altus basi et apice rotunda-

tus, pyrenis dorso grosse costa tis. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezalte-

nango: Montana Chicharro, southeastern slopes of Volcan de Santa

Maria, 2-4 miles south of Santa Maria de Jesus, 1,400-1,500 meters,

January, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34302 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). Southern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, between Santa

Maria de Jesus and Calahuache', 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark

33690. Above Mujulia, 1,800 meters, damp dense mixed forest on

white sand slopes, 1,800 meters, Standley 85583. Along old road

between Finca Pirineos and Patzulin, 1,200-1,400 meters, Standley

86991, 87008. Dept. Suchitepe'quez : Southern slope of Volcan de

Atitlan, 1,620 meters, in forest, Skutch 1486. Dept. San Marcos:

Northwestern slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, 6 miles southwest of

Tajumulco, 2,300-2,800 meters, Steyermark 36714. Volcan de Taju-

mulco, Cerro de Mono, 1,400-1,700 meters, Steyermark 37388.—

Mexico: Chiapas: Volcan de Tacana, 2,800 meters, Matuda 2926.

A relative of P. flava Oerst., of Guatemala and southern Mexico,

which differs in its much larger, thicker leaves and usually hirtellous

panicle branches.

Psychotria clivorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Subgenus

Mapouria. P. limonensis var. angustifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot.

17: 282. 1937. — Frutex 1.5-4.5 m. altus ramosus, ramis subteretibus

in statu vivo viridibus in sicco vulgo fuscis, glabris, internodiis

brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae caducae usque 1.5 cm. longae ovales

vel late ovatae membranaceae ferrugineae glabrae, apice obtusae

vel rotundatae et abrupte breviter acuminatae, acumine ipso bre-

viter bilobo; folia magna breviter petiolata herbacea, petiolo 1-2.5

88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

cm. longo saepe fere ad basin marginato; lamina oblongo-oblanceo-

lata vel anguste oblanceolata 13-30 cm. longa 4-5.5 cm. lata, acumi-

nata vel longiacuminata, basin versus longe sensim attenuata, glabra,

supra in sicco griseo-viridis, nervis manifestis sed non elevatis,

subtus fere concolor, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere ca. 20 tenuibus angulo semirecto vel latiore adscen-

dentibus subarcuatis pallidis; inflorescentia terminalis erecta ca.

5 cm. longe pedunculata paniculata dense vel sublaxe multiflora, 4-7.5

cm. longa et usque 7 cm. lata, ramis infimis verticillatis brevibus

crassiusculis saepe subreflexis dense minute puberulis, bracteis par-

vis caducis, floribus cymose aggregatis sessilibus vel brevissime pedi-

cellatis; calyx cum hypanthio 1-1.5 mm. longus, minute puberulus

vel fere glaber, calycis limbo ca. 1.5 mm. lato remote brevissime

dentato vel sub truncate, dentibus late triangularibus; corolla alba

infundibuliformis vix ad 4 mm. longa extus glabra, in alabastro apice

late rotundata, lobis reflexis oblongo-ovatis obtusis intus glabris

tubo duplo brevioribus, fauce non barbato; apices tan turn anthera-

rum exserti, stylo breviter exserto; fructus ovali-globosus glaber

ruber 5-6 mm. longus basi et apice obtusus vel subrotundatus,

pyrenis dorso grosse obtuseque costatis. — Guatemala: Dept. Suchi-

tepe'quez: Finca Moca, in forest, alt. 1,020 meters, January 7, 1935,

Alexander F. Skutch 2073 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Que-

zaltenango: Between Finca Pirineos and Finca Soledad, southern

slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, 1,300-1,400 meters, Steyermark

33543. Dept. San Marcos: Rio Mopa, below Rodeo, 600 meters,

Standley 68772, 68783. Finca El Porvenir, along Rio Cabus, above

Potrero Matasan, Volcan de Tajumulco, 1,000-1,300 meters, Steyer-

mark 37628.

From P. limonensis Krause the present species differs in its

pedunculate rather than sessile inflorescence, as well as in its much

narrower leaves. Similar also is P. flava Oerst. which has usually

hirsutulous panicle branches and usually thicker, yellowish green

leaves (in the dry state).

Randia crescentioides Standl., sp. nov. — Ut videtur inermis,

ramis crassis nodosis, foliis ad nodos dense congestis numerosis,

ramulis gracilibus dense pilis albidis adscendentibus pilosulis; folia

petiolata membranacea in sicco laete viridia, petiolo usque 2.5 cm.

longo fere ad basin marginato; lamina spathulato-obovata vel

spathulato-rotundata 1.5-4.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata apice late

rotundata, interdum brevissime apicata, basi vulgo longe angusteque

attenuata, interdum abrupte breviterque decurrens, supra glabra,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 89

subtus concolor, tantum ad costam breviter pilosula; bacca sessilis

magna subglobosa fere laevis glabra ca. 3.5 cm. longa et fere 3 cm.

lata, basi et apice late rotundata; sepala ad apicem fructus per-

sistentia (bene conservata non visa) ciliata. — Costa Rica: Prov.

Guanacaste: Port Parker, July 4, 1932, John Thomas Howell (type

in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.; fragmentary specimen in Herb. Field

Mus.).

Unfortunately no flowers are available, for they would help in

determining the position of this species. No other North American

species has the combination of large fruit and peculiar foliage that

characterizes this plant. In general appearance it much suggests

R. Thurberi Wats., of western Mexico, which might well reach the

Pacific coast of Central America, but that has a smaller fruit and

leaves clearly different in several respects, especially in their usually

emarginate apices. The dense clusters of bright green leaves,

crowded at the ends of short stubby branches, suggest Crescentia,

hence the specific name.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Viburnum brunnescens Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Section

Disjuncta. Arbor 9-12-metralis, ramulis crassis dense pilis stellatis

sessilibus brunnescentibus multiradiatis tomentosis, tomento sub-

adpresso; folia membranacea 1.5-2.5 cm. longe petiolata, petiolo

dense stellato-tomentoso; lamina late ovali-ovata, rotundato-ovata

vel rhombea 9-14 cm. longa 6.5-10 cm. lata, acuta vel acuminata,

basi subrotundata vel saepius late cuneata, in fere toto margine

grosse dentata, supra viridis dense molliterque pilis minutis stellatis

breviramosis vestita, nervis subimpressis, subtus brunnescens densis-

sime pilis mollibus sessilibus vel breviter stipitatis multiradiatis

stellato-tomentosa, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque

latere ca. 9 rectis in dentes terminantibus, inferioribus approximatis;

pedunculi crassi erecti 5-7 cm. longi, cymis 9-11 cm. latis 5-6-radi-

atis, radiis ca. 3 cm. longis suberectis arete minuteque stellato-

pubescentibus, pedicellis usque 3.5 mm. longis, bracteis deciduis;

calycis tubus 2 mm. longus densissime stellato-tomentosus, dentibus

vix ad 1 mm. longis ovatis obtusis stellato-puberulis; corolla fere

4 mm. longa breviter strigosa et minute stellato-puberula; stamina

exserta; stylus glaber. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Wet

cloud forest, Cruz de Limon, between San Mateo Ixtatan and Nuca,

Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 2,600-3,000 meters, July 31, 1942,

Julian A. Steyermark 49855 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Related to V. jucundum Morton as closely as to any species,

probably, but in that the pubescence consists of appreciably larger

and softer, mostly fulvescent hairs, and the leaves are broadly

rounded or subcordate at the base.

Viburnum detractum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Section

Disjuncta. Arbor 7.5 m. alta, ramulis crassis brunneis, novellis

primo sparse laxe stellato-pilosis, pilis inaequalibus parvis et multi-

radiatis vel longis et pauciradiatis vel interdum simplicibus; folia

tenuiter membranacea breviter petiolata, petiolo 1.5-2 cm. longo ut

ramulis induto; lamina suborbicularis vel rotundato-ovata vulgo

12-15 cm. longa et 9-13 cm. lata obtusa vel breviter acutata, basi

late rotundata et breviter cordata, supra viridis glabra vel pilis

paucis pauciradiatis hinc inde conspersa, subtus paullo pallidior

tantum ad nervos venasque pilis paucis remotis simplicibus vel

pauciradiatis induta, inter venas glabra, secus costam saepe dense

barbata; cymae densiflorae 5 cm. latae et ultra crasse 3 cm. longe

pedunculatae, bracteis basalibus caducis, superioribus linearibus vel

lanceolatis subfoliaceis, radiis densissime pilis stellatis multiradiatis

velutino-tomentosis. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan de

Zunil, upper forested slopes above Fuentes Georginas, alt. about

3,000 meters, January 22, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34590 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. San Marcos: Barrancos south and west

of Tajumulco, northwestern slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, 2,300-

2,500 meters, February, 1940, Steyermark 36582 (sterile).

Of this plant there are available only two collections, one in bud,

the other sterile. The foliage is so well marked that there is no doubt

that a distinct species is represented, and after all is said, so far as

the Central American species of Viburnum are concerned, most of

the distinguishing characters are those of the leaves. The relation-

ship of this plant is with V. jucundum Morton, but it differs from all

other species of the section Disjuncta in having the leaves glabrous

beneath except for a few scattered weak hairs on the nerves and veins.

Viburnum euryphyllum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Section

Disjuncta. Arbor 9-metralis, ramulis crassis densissime tomento

subadpresso brunnescenti-griseo obtectis; folia firme membranacea

breviter petiolata, petiolo ca. 1.5 cm. longo crasso dense adpresso-

tomentoso; lamina rotundato-ovata vel suborbicularis 9-11 cm.

longa 7-10 cm. lata acuta vel obtusa, basi late rotundata vel emargi-

nata, supra in sicco griseo-viridis dense pilis minutis pauciradiatis

conspersa, nervis venisque impressis, subtus albida densissime mol-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 91

literque stellato-tomentosa, pilis parvis sessilibus multiradiatis,

remote denticulata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 6 elevatis

fere rectis in dentes terminantibus, inferioribus 4 approximatis;

pedunculi crassi 1-3.5 cm. longi, bracteis deciduis; cymae ca. 10 cm.

latae 6-7-radiatae, radiis crassis rectis dense adpresse stellato-

tomentosis 1.5-3 cm. longis, floribus breviter pedicellatis vel sessili-

bus; calycis tubus 2 mm. longus densissime albido-tomentosus, lobis

vix 1 mm. longis late ovatis obtusis stellato-puberulis; corolla vix

ultra 2.5 mm. longa extus dense vel sparse pubescens; stylus glaber;

stamina exserta. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Trail between

Tunima and Quisil, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2,500-3,100

meters, July 8, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48425 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

This species also is related to V. jucundum Morton, but in that

the hairs of the upper leaf surface are much larger, the leaves rela-

tively narrower, and green, not whitish, on the lower surface.

Viburum hondurense Standl., sp. nov. — Section Disjuncta.

Frutex vel arbor 2-9-metralis, ramis gracilibus dense albido-tomento-

sis, pilis sessilibus mollibus stellatis multiradiatis albidis; folia bre-

viter petiolata membranacea, petiolo crasso ca. 1 cm. longo; lamina

lanceolato-oblonga vel ovato-lanceolata 8-15 cm. longa 2.5-7 cm.

lata longiacuminata, basi anguste rotundata vel obtusa, integra,

supra viridis saepe lucida, in statu adulto glabra, subtus pallidior

sparse denseve stellato-tomentosa, pilis parvis mollibus sessilibus

pauci- vel multiradiatis albidis vel pallide brunnescentibus, nervis

lateralibus supra subimpressis subtus prominentibus utroque latere

5-6 arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis et non excurrentibus; cymae

4-7 cm. longe pedunculatae 8-10 cm. latae ca. 7-radiatae, bracteis

basalibus deciduis, interdum numerosis et foliaceis, lanceolatis vel

lineari-lanceolatis 3-3.5 cm. longis, radiis molliter stellato-tomento-

sis; calycis tubus 2 mm. longus densissime stellato-pilosus, lobis ca.

0.8 mm. longis ovatis obtusis stellato-pubescentibus; corolla 2.5

mm. longa extus glabra vel pilis perpaucis minutis simplicibus vel

pauciradiatis conspersa; stylus brevis crassus glaber; stamina bene

exserta; fructus immaturus ovalis 5-6 mm. longus stellato-pilosulus.

—Honduras: Dept. Comayagua: Open mountain forest, Meambar,

alt. 600 meters, July, 1933, J. B. Edwards P-636 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). El Achote, near Siguatepeque, 1,500 meters, February,

1928, Standley 56154 (sterile); in 1936, Yuncker, Dawson & Youse

5824, 5969, 5833.

92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

All these collections were determined originally as V. discolor

Benth. They are related to that species, but still more closely to

V. disjunctum Morton, of Guatemala. The latter differs in having

abundant minute stellate hairs on the upper leaf surface and in

several other respects.

CUCURBITACEAE

Ahzolia Standl. & Steyerm., gen. nov. — Herbae scandentes fere

glabrae; folia longipetiolata membranacea basi profunde cordata

angulata vel breviter 5-lobata, interdum fere integra, marginibus

remote minuteque denticulatis; cirrhi 3-fidi; flores dioici(?) 4-5-meri

viridescenti-albi parvi, masculi racemosi vel saepius anguste panicu-

lati, paniculis vulgo foliis longioribus multifloris, pedicellis capillari-

bus; receptaculum pateriforme 8-10-radiatum sub apice 8-10-foveo-

latum, dentibus minutis vel subnullis; corolla fere rotata ad medium

4-5-lobata, lobis late ovatis extus interdum tomentulosis; filamenta

usque ad medium in columnam gracilem coalita, supra medium

radiatim divaricata, antheris 4-5 suborbicularibus 2-locularibus,

loculis flexuosis; flores feminei non visi; fructus magnus carnosus

monospermus indehiscens obovoideus laevis vel plus minusve sulca-

tus, in sicco 10-cristatus.

A single species is known, described originally, without fruit, as

a species of Microsechium. Presumably this new genus belongs in

that alliance, but it differs conspicuously in its large fruits, which

are suggestive of those of Sechium, so much so that it was supposed

at first by the writers that the plant might be the wild form of that

commonly cultivated plant. The fruits of Microsechium also are

aculeate, and in that genus the flowers are mostly or all 4-parted,

while in Ahzolia they are typically 5-parted. It is presumed that

the flowers are dioecious, since no pistillate flowers are present on

any of the numerous staminate specimens at hand.

The generic name is derived from Ahzol, the name of one of

the leaders of the Guatemalan army of Tecum Uman, who died in

the bloody battle at the Rio Xequijel near Olintepeque, where the

valiant Indian hosts were overwhelmed by Pedro de Alvarado and

his Mexican mercenaries.

Ahzolia composita (Donn. Smith) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,

nov. Microsechium compositum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 35: 2.

1903. — The type was collected at Malpais, Santa Rosa, Guatemala.

The following additional collections are now available: Guatemala:

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 93

Dept. Santa Rosa: Rio Panal, lower slopes of Volcan de Tecuam-

burro, Standley 78581. Dept. Escuintla: Between Rio Jute and Rio

Pantaleon, on road between Escuintla and Santa Lucia Cotz.,

Standley 63566, 63514, 63550. Dept. Suchitepe"quez : Lower slopes

of Volcan de Zunil, Steyermark 35417. Dept. Quezaltenango : Vuelta

del Tigre, below Santa Maria Jesus, Standley 68157, 68166. Finca

Pirineos, Standley 68392. Colomba, Skutch 2042. — Mexico : Escuintla,

Chiapas, Matuda 2151.

This vine is abundant in many ravines of the Pacific slope of

Guatemala, often forming dense tangles of stems over tall trees.

The large fruits, similar to those of Sechium, are borne in great

quantities, and cover the ground beneath the vines during the dry

season. They wither very slowly and retain their succulent but hard

flesh for a long time. The local name is Huisquil de raton, and in

Quezaltenango the Indian name Ixmaxin is given to the plant and

its fruit.

Corallocarpus guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Frutex elongatus ramosus, caulibus crassis lucidis, internodiis longis;

petioli 2.5-5 cm. longi crassi glabri vel glabrati; lamina ambitu

rotundo-cordata 6-12 cm. longa 6.5-11 cm. lata apice obtusissima,

basi profunde cordata sinu angusto latove, integra, interdum obtuse

3-angulata, supra viridis minute densissime scabra, tactu aspera,

subtus ubique dense albo-tomentosa, basi pedatim 5-nervia. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Zacapa: In hedge, common, vicinity of Zacapa, alt. 200

meters, October, 1940, Paul C. Standley 74623 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). Dept. Chiquimula: Rocky outcrops along gorge of Rio Chi-

quimula, between Santa Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north of

Chiquimula, alt. 350-420 meters, Steyermark 30258.

The two collections unfortunately are sterile, but there is little

doubt that a distinct and undescribed species is represented, of

which it is not likely that good material will be obtained soon. The

plant is similar to C. hypoleucus Standl. of western Mexico, but in

that the leaves are more conspicuously lobate and they are glabrous

on the upper surface.

Cyclanthera Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Herba scandens

ramosa, caulibus glabratis vel in statu juvenili sparse villosulis;

folia breviter petiolata tenuia breviter petiolata, petiolo 1-5 cm.

longo glabrato, apice puberulo vel breviter villosulo; lamina ambitu

late ovato-cordata vel triangulari-cordata 8-14 cm. longa et 6-10

cm. lata acuminata, basi profunde cordata, breviter 3-loba vel inter-

94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

dum fere elobata et tantum angulata, marginibus remote denticu-

latis, supra minute scaberula tactu vix asperula, subtus fere glabra

laevis; cirrhi 2-fidi; racemi masculi vulgo petiolis breviores vix ultra

6 cm. longi remote multiflori fere ad basin floriferi, pedicellis fili-

formibus plerumque 3-4 mm. longis patulis fere glabris; recepta-

culum glabrum fere rotatum vix ultra 2 mm. latum, dentibus

minutissimis vel obsoletis; corolla lutescenti-viridis extus fere glabra,

segmentis ovato-triangularibus subacutis 2 mm. longis patentibus;

pedunculus femineus ca. 3.5 cm. longus crassiusculus glaber; ovarium

dense echinatum gibbosum longirostratum; corolla floris feminei ca.

4 mm. lata; fructus 2-3 cm. longus ubique densissime echinatus,

rostro usque ad 1 cm. longo, aculeis rigidis 2-3 mm. longis inferne

valde dilatatis. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: In forest, Vol-

can de Santa Maria, above Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. about 2,300

meters, January, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34047 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.); also no. 34039. Cumbre de Tuilacan, southwest of

San Martin Chile Verde, 2,400 meters, Standley 67777, 67773.

Mountains southeast of Palestina, 2,700 meters, Standley 66342.

Dept. Chimaltenango: Slopes of Volcan de Acatenango, in Chi-

ranthodendron forest, 2,700 meters, Standley 61828, 61918.

Related to C. explodens Naud., which also occurs in Guatemala,

but in that the fruits are borne on short thick peduncles, and they

bear only a few, much longer prickles, the basal portion of the fruit

being usually unarmed.

Elaterium macrophyllum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Herba scandens elongata laxe ramosa, caulibus sat dense pilis albis

laxis villosulis vel subtomentosis; folia tenuiter membranacea

supra intense viridia subtus paullo pallidiora, petiolis gracilibus vil-

losulis 2-6 cm. longis sustenta, ambitu rotundo-ovata vel triangu-

lari-cordata vulgo 7-12 cm. longa et 6-9.5 cm. lata, acuta vel acumi-

nata, margine subintegro vel remote denticulato, subintegra vel

saepius obtuse angulata, supra scaberula vel fere glabra, subtus

dense molliterque villosula vel interdum subtomentosa, sinu basali

rotundato et vulgo clause; inflorescentiae masculae (valde immaturae

tantum visae) petiolis breviores ca. 4-florae ut pedicelli graciles inae-

quales dense albo-villosae; pedunculus femineus ca. 12 mm. longus

albo-tomentosus; ovarium oblique ovoideum 4 mm. longum densis-

sime setulosum fere tomentosum; receptaculum 15 mm. longum apice

4 mm. latum sparse pubescens vel villosulum prope medium 2 mm.

latum; sepala filiformia 1-2 mm. longa patentia vel reflexa; petala

lineari-attenuata 12 mm. longa minute papillosa. — Guatemala: Dept.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 95

Baja Verapaz; Thickets above Panzal, alt. 1,400 meters, April, 1907,

H. von Tuerckheim 11.1728 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Retal-

huleu: Along Rio Samala near San Felipe, 500 meters, Steyermark

34552. Dept. Suchitepe'quez: Finca Las Nubes, lower slopes of

Volcan de Zunil, 500-800 meters, Steyermark 35391. Dept. Que-

zaltenango: Between Finca Pirineos and Los Positos, lower slopes

of Volcan de Santa Maria, 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark 33737.

Between Colomba and Las Mercedes, 600-900 meters, Standley

87970. Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, 1,300-1,500

meters, Steyermark 37504, 37663.

A close relative of this plant is the Mexican E. longisepalum Cogn.,

but in that the stems and lower leaf surfaces are glabrous. The

Guatemalan plant has larger and more densely pubescent leaves than

most species of the genus. While most of the collections cited above

are sterile, they are easily associated by their remarkably uniform

and distinctive foliage.

Sicydium glabrum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

scandens, caulibus gracilibus obtuse angulatis glabris vel glabratis;

folia 2-2.5 cm. longe petiolata firme membranacea ovata vel oblongo-

ovata 7-11 cm. longa 3-6 cm. lata longiacuminata, basi profunde

cordata, sinu lato aperto, integra, pedato-7-nervia, laxe venosa,

utrinque glabra vel glabrata, subtus punctata; panicula mascula

diffuse ramosa 8-14 cm. longa, ramis gracillimis saepe reflexis,

basi bractea foliis conformi sed reducta sustenta, ramis vulgo

fere omnino glabris, pedicellis capillaribus usque ad 3 mm. longis

glabris vel minutissime puberulis supra medium articulatis; flores

fere glabri 3 mm. lati; sepala late ovata obtusa; corollae segmenta

ovato-triangularia viridia fere 2 mm. longa ciliolatajfilamentaantheris

aequilonga; inflorescentia feminea laxe ramosa 15 cm. longa, pedicel-

lis crassis brevibus; fructus globosus 7 mm. longus, basi abrupte

angustatus. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Montana Chi-

charro, lower southeastern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt.

1,400-1,500 meters, January 17, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34273

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). Between Finca Pirineos and Los

Positos, 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark 33756. Between Finca

Pirineos and Finca Soledad, 1,300-1,400 meters, Steyermark 33573.

Dept. Suchitepe'quez: Southwestern lower slopes of Volcan de Zunil,

1,200-1,300 meters, Steyermark 35207.

Of the two other Guatemalan species, S. tamnifolium HBK. is

distinguished by its densely and softly pilose leaves and S. Tuerck-

96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

heimii Bonn. Smith by its more or less coriaceous leaves, very sca-

brous and rough to the touch on the upper surface.

Sicyos guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Scandens,

caule gracili sparse albo-villoso ramoso; petioli foliorum superiorum

1 cm. longi vel breviores, foliorum inferiorum magis elongati;

lamina ambitu rotundo-cordata ca. 6 cm. longa et aequilata basi

profunde cordata, sinu lato aperto 1.5 cm. profundo, breviter 3-5-

loba vel subintegra, lobis ovato-triangularibus acutis vel caudato-

acuminatis, terminali longiore, marginibus repando-dentatis, utrin-

que sparse villosula et plus minusve scabra; cirrhi 2-fidi vel interdum

simplices; pedunculi masculi 4-10 cm. longi pilis longis albis sparse

villosi, apice racemose ca. 10-flori, pedicellis usque ad 5 mm. longis

villosis; receptaculum late campanulatum basi late rotundatum

sparse laxe villosum, dentibus 5 brevibus suberectis; corolla ca.

8 mm. lata subrotata breviter 5-loba, lobis 5-nerviis late triangulari-

ovatis subacutis intus dense glandulosis extus dense longivillosis;

filamenta brevia glabra; pedunculus femineus fere nullus pauciflorus,

floribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus; fructus ovoideus inermis 5-6

mm. longus sparse longivillosus vel in statu adulto glabratus sub-

acutus. — Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Vicinity of Jalapa, alt. 1,300

meters, November 28, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 32140 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.). Near Jalapa, January, 1908, W. A. Kellerman

8083.

In Cogniaux's key to the species of Sicyos in DeCandolle's Mono-

graphiae Phanerogamarum, this runs at once to S. gracillimus Cogn.,

a Peruvian species that differs in several respects from the Guate-

malan plant. The subsessile upper leaves distinguish it from all

or most of the Mexican and Central American species. The fruiting

heads are almost wholly concealed by the large subtending leaves.

Tecunumania Standl. & Steyerm., gen. nov. — Herbae scan-

dentes scaberulae; folia longipetiolata 5-lobata basi profunde cordata,

lobis remote et minutissime denticulatis, petiolo eglanduloso apice

dense villoso; cirrhi 2-fidi; flores dioeci majusculi lutei, masculi in

axillis solitarii pedunculati; receptaculum campanulatum vel anguste

campanulatum; sepala 5 linearia remota basi vix dilatata valde

elongata et receptaculo vulgo longiora; corolla sparse villosula vel

glabrata profunde 5-lobata, segmentis obovatis patentibus apice

rotundatis et apiculatis intus glabris 5-nerviis; stamina 3, filamentis

in columnam conicam coalitis; antherae inclusae in capitulum sub-

globosum cohaerentes 2-loculares, loculis elongato-linearibus tri-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 97

plicatis; flores feminei ignoti; fructus magnus subglobosus longi-

pedunculatus laevis basi et apice rotundatus; semina numerosa

parva horizontalia vix marginata compressa ovalia pallide ochracea

laevia, basi et apice rotundata vel obtusissima. — A single species

is known, native in mountain forests of western Guatemala. It is

referable to the tribe Cucumerineae, and has some relationship with

the African genus Adenopus, but it bears no close similarity to any of

the other cucurbitaceous genera of Central America. The generic

name is derived from that of Tecun Uman, hero and leader of the

Indians of western Guatemala, who fought so heroically to resist

the Spanish invaders, but were finally overthrown and dispersed in

a bloody battle near the site of the present city of Quezaltenango.

The river on whose banks the battle was fought has ever since been

known by an Indian name signifying "River of Blood" because of

the carnage of that eventful day in Central American history.

Tecunumania quetzalteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. —

Herba scandens elongata, caulibus crassiusculis glabris ad nodos

dense villosis; folia longipetiolata, petiolo 4-8 cm. longo glabro,

apice densissime lanato vel villoso; lamina 9-19 cm. longa et fere

aequilata, ad medium vel saepe brevius 5-lobata, sinu basali 2-3 cm.

profundo et vulgo latiore, membranacea, supra sparse scaberula,

subtus vix pallidior densius minuteque scaberula, lobo terminal!

ovato vel triangulari, acuto vel acuminate, lobis lateralibus multo

brevioribus, acutis vel obtusis, extimis saepe basi auriculatis, mar-

ginibus subintegris vel remote et minutissime denticulatis; pedunculi

masculi 1.5-3 cm. longi glabri; receptaculum glabrum 10-13 mm.

longum ca. 8 mm. latum costato-nervosum; sepala linearia 15-20

mm. longa patentia vel interdum reflexa vix ultra 1 mm. lata

attenuata viridia; corolla fere rotata 5 cm. lata, lobis latis breviter

mucronatis vel cuspidatis; tubus staminalis ca. 7 mm. longus,

capitulo antherarum ca. 8 mm. longo; fructus subglobosus intense

viridis 7.5 cm. longus et fere aequilatus laevis lucidus; semina ca.

6 mm. longa atque 4 mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos:

Wet forest, Finca Vergel, near Rodeo, alt. about 900 meters, March

15, 1939, Paul C. Standley 68931 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). South-

ern slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, above Finca El Porvenir, Steyer-

mark 37392. Dept. Quezaltenango: Lower southern slopes of Volcan

de Santa Maria, 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark 33727, 33625.

Dept. Suchitepe"quez: Lower slopes of Volcan de Zunil, 1,200-1,300

meters, Steyermark 35200, 35225.

98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

The local names are Melocoton and Melocoton de monte, the

former term being usually applied in Guatemala to Sicana odorifera,

a cultivated plant of this family. The vine is abundant in many

places in the dense wet mixed forests of the mountains of the Occi-

dente of Guatemala, and it is to be expected in adjacent Chiapas.

LOBELIACEAE

Lobelia 1 ax i flora HBK. forma lutea Standl. & Steyerm., f. nov.

— A forma typica speciei corollis luteis vel pallide luteis tantum dif-

ert. — Guatemala: Moist thicket above Santa Maria de Jesus, Que-

zaltenango, alt. 1,650 meters, March 1, 1939, Paul C. Standley 67195

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). Moist forest, Volcan de Agua, Dept.

Sacatep<§quez, 2,250-3,000 meters, February, 1939, Standley 65175.

This color form, strikingly different from the usual plants with

red and yellow flowers, appears to be rare, and only two plants were

noted during two seasons spent by the senior author in Guatemala.

COMPOSITAE

Ageratum chortianum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

1.3 m. altus, ramulis dense pilis brevibus antrorsis adpressis griseo-

velutinis; folia opposita 5-8 mm. longe petiolata; lamina lanceolata

3.5-6 cm. longa 1-1.7 cm. lata subcoriacea penninervia, nervis 2-3-

jugis, obtusa vel subacuta, basi cuneata, integra, supra rugoso-reti-

culata et sparse scaberula, subtus dense griseo-velutina; capitula ca.

10 corymbosa, pedicellis 4-5 mm. longis; involucrum campanulatum

4-5 mm. altum 5-7 mm. latum, bracteis ca. 3-seriatis, extimis

brevissimis, anguste lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis, attenuatis,

2-3-costatis, dorso pilis brevibus incurvis adpresso-hirtellis; recepta-

culum obtuse conicum; corollae pallide lilacinae 2.2-2.5 mm. longae,

lobis ovato-lanceolatis 0.4 mm. longis apice minute hirtellis, fauce

sparse piloso et glandulis sessilibus consperso; achaenia immatura

brunnescentia glabra 2 mm. longa fusiformi-cylindracea 5-angulata;

pappus e corona breviter 5-loba 0.2 mm. alta compositus. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Chiquimula: At base of high bluffs, Montana Castilla,

near Montana Cebollas, along Rio Santa Lucia Saso, southeast of

Quezaltepeque, alt. 1,200-1,500 meters, November, 1939, Julian A.

Steyermark 31269 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Related to A. Standleyi Robinson, but differing in its longer

petioles, longer, lanceolate not ovate leaves, which are penninerved

rather than 3-nerved and eglandular on the upper surface, and in the

more densely pubescent young stems and lower leaf surfaces.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 99

Cacalia guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

perennis, caule crasso 1.2 m. alto striato glanduloso-puberulo; folia

caulina sessilia, supra pallido-viridia subtus albida, ovato-oblonga,

usque 25 cm. longa atque 10-13 cm. lata, obtusa, basi subamplexi-

cauli-cordata, ca. 9-loba vel grosse inaequaliter dentata, lobis

inaequaliter dentatis, dentibus magnis acutiusculis vel subobtusis,

supra puberula et glandulosa, subtus dense albo-lanata; inflores-

centia thyrsoideo-paniculata, paniculis 8-10 cm. longis 6-8 cm. latis,

dense glanduloso-puberulis, pedunculis et pedicellis glanduloso-

tomentulosis 1-2-bracteolatis; capitula numerosa turbinato-cylin-

dracea discoidea 5-9-flora, 9-14 mm. alta 3.5-6 mm. crassa; involu-

crum 8-10 mm. altum, bracteis exterioribus 1-2 linearibus vel lineari-

lanceolatis 4-5 mm. longis, bracteis principalibus 5 lanceolatis vel

lineari-lanceolatis acutis scariosis dorso glanduloso-puberulis; corol-

lae purpureae 9-10 mm. longae; achaenia glabra elliptico-linearia

apice rotundata, basin versus attenuata, straminea, ca. 16-costata;

pappi setae breves albae numerosae dense setuloso-serrulatae.—

Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Summit of Buena Vista, Montana Mira-

mundo, between Miramundo and Buena Vista, between Jalapa and

Lago de Ayarza, alt. 2,000-2,200 meters, December, 1939, Julian A.

Steyermark 32823 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The species belongs to the group Odontotrichum as defined by

Rydberg (Bull. Torrey Club 51: 310. 1924). It is related to C.

ampullacea Greenm. and C. amplifolia DC. From C. ampullacea it

differs in its white rather than tawny pappus, glandular-puberulent

involucral bracts and peduncles, glabrous achenes, and thyrsoid

rather than corymbose inflorescence. From C. amplifolia it differs

in its white-lanate lower leaf surface, larger heads in a thyrsoid

rather than corymbose inflorescence, and glandular-puberulent

bracts, pedicels, and stems.

Gnaphalium Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Annua acaulis

vel subacaulis 1-4.5 cm. alta dense albo-lanata; folia plerumque

basalia et rosulata, elliptico-obovata vel oblanceolata 6-18 mm.

longa 4-6 mm. lata, apice rotundata, obtusa vel subacuta, saepe

breviter nigro-cuspidata, basin versus attenuata, foliis caulinis

(interdum nullis) 2-3 utrinque arete albo-lanatis; capitula parva

basi lanata in inflorescentias terminales spicato-fastigiatas aggre-

gata, inflorescentiis 6-25 mm. longis 5-13 mm. latis; involucrum

4-seriatum fulvum lucidum 3.5-4 mm. altum 3 mm. latum profunde

campanulatum, bracteis 24-26 apice brunnescentibus 2-3.8 mm.

longis 0.9-1.5 mm. latis, exterioribus ovatis acutis, interioribus

100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

oblanceolatis vel spathulatis subacutis basi lanata excepta glabris;

flores hermaphroditi 65-70 angusti 2.3-2.6 mm. longi 0.1-0.2 mm.

lati, basin versus sensim dilatati, limbo tubo gracili vix distincto;

pappi setae basi ipsa coalitae, ad anthesin 2.5 mm. longae filiformes

remote serrulatae; achaenia immatura fusco-brunnea angulata

hispidulo-tuberculata 0.8-0.9 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Hue-

huetenango: Alpine meadows, region of Che'mal, Sierra de los

Cuchumatanes, alt. about 3,300 meters, December 28, 1940, Paul

C. Standley 81097 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. San Marcos:

Upper slopes of Volcan de Tacana, alt. 4,100-4,400 meters, February,

1940, Steyermark 36112.

This diminutive plant belongs to the section Gamochaeta, with its

combination of hispidulous achenes and its pappus bristles united

at their base into a ring. In general appearance it simulates G. pur-

pureum L. It may be distinguished from all other Central American

and Mexican species by its subacaulescent habit, dwarf size, and

small heads in a dense spicate-fastigiate inflorescence.

Hieracium culmenicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

perennis, caule 1, 45-60 cm. alto, caudice apice sparse pilis fulvis

obtecto; folia radicalia ad anthesin vulgo deficientia oblanceolata vel

lineari-spathulata; caulis 3-4-foliatus sparse et inaequaliter minute

lanuginosus, axillis inferioribus densius lanuginosis, superne setulo-

sus atque plus minusve stipitato-glandulosus; folia caulina inferiora

mediaque membranacea anguste oblanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata,

infima in petiolum angustata, media sessilia, acuta, apice calloso,

6-17 cm. longa 7-20 mm. lata, utroque margine dentibus 7-9 callosis

onusta, supra sparse pilosa vel glabrata, subtus praesertim ad costam

sparse vel modice pilosula, interdum glabrata; inflorescentia laxe

corymbosa; capitula 2-4 modica 58-80-flora, ramis floriferis 13-30

cm. longis; pedunculi adscendentes 5.5-9 cm. longi dense sordido-

tomentulosi, pilis subadpressis incurvis, sparse praesertim superne

pilis glanduliferis pilosi; involucrum 3-seriatum 10-11 mm. altum

7-11 mm. in statu fructifero latum, bracteis 3-4, exterioribus brevibus

lineari-triangularibus, interioribus lineari-lanceolatis intense viridi-

bus ad costam basinque pilis setiformibus adscendentibus nigris 1-2

mm. longis pilosis, marginibus subscariosis; corollae luteae 12-13

mm. longae, lamina 6-7 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata 5-denticulata, lobis

linearibus obtusis glabris, tubo 5-6 mm. longo glabro; achaenia

immatura rufo-brunnea ad angulos minute antrorso-hispidula, ca.

8-costata; pappi setae sordidae 4.5-5.5 mm. longae barbellatae. —

Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango : Uppermost ridge of Volcan de

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 101

Santo Tomas, alt. 3,000-3,200 meters, January 22, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 34815 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Moist pine slopes

toward the top of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt. about 3,900 meters,

Steyermark 34154. Dept. San Marcos: Upper south-facing slopes of

Volcan de Tajumulco, between Las Canojas and top of the ridge,

alt. 3,300-3,900 meters, Steyermark 35895.

This species is characterized by its combination of black-hairy

involucral bracts, few heads, and long narrow leaves that are short-

pilose or pilosulous.

Hieracium guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Acau-

lis vel subacaulis perennis caespitosa; rhizoma crassum sublignosum

vulgo ramosum, dense inter bases persistentes foliorum fulvo-lana-

tum; folia radicalia ad anthesin 6-12 lineari-lanceolata vel lineari-

oblanceolata obtusa calloso-apiculata, 4.5-13 cm. longa (basi petioli-

formi inclusa), 4-8 mm. lata, utroque latere dentibus 4-5 obtusis

callosis runcinatis onusta, ad basin petioliformem densissime insig-

niter fulvo-lanata, lamina firme membranacea, supra intense viridi

subtus pallidiore, supra glabra vel glabrata subtus sparse villosa,

marginibus inconspicue remoteque ciliolatis; folia caulina 1 vel 0

linearia 1-2 cm. longa 1-2 mm. lata, bracteis caulinis linearibus vel

lineari-setaceis 4-8 mm. longis 0.1-1.5 mm. latis breviter ciliatis

utrinque praesertim basin versus villosis; caulis monocephala

gracilis 4-15 cm. longa longivillosa, pilis pro parte sordidis albidis

pro parte glanduliferis et 0.5-5 mm. longis; capitula majuscula

17-25 mm. lata; involucrum turbinato-hemisphericum ca. 3-seria-

tum, bracteis acutis vel acuminatis 4.5-13 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm.

latis, triangulari-lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, dense pilis

sordidis basi nigrescentibus albidis 3-5 mm. longis villosis, dorso ad

margines apicemque papillosis; flores numerosi bene exserti laete

lutei, corollis 13 mm. longis, tubo 4.5-5 mm. longo superne sparse

pilosulo, lamina oblonga 8-9 mm. longa 2.5-2.7 mm. lata 5-dentata,

dentibus triangulari-oblongis obtusis; achaenia columnaria intense

rubro-brunnea 2 mm. longa apice truncata, basi paullo angustata,

ca. 10-costata, ad angulos minute tuberculata; pappi setae pallide

fulvae vel sordido-albidae 5-6 mm. longae barbellatae. — Guatemala:

Dept. Quezaltenango: Dry rocky edge of barranco, uppermost ridge

to summit of Volcan de Zunil, alt. 3,000-3,800 meters, January 22,

1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34860 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept.

San Marcos: Rocky cliffs at top of trail between San Sebastian and

Todos Santos, upper slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 3,000-3,800

meters, Steyermark 36939.

102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

A very distinct species, belonging to section Aurelliformia. It is

related to H. Skutchii Blake, from which it differs in its acaulescent

or subacaulescent, naked or almost naked stems which are shorter

and more densely lanulose in the upper part and at the very base, the

cauline leaves only one or none, narrower basal leaves more pointed

at the apex and with more callous projections on the margins, and

in its more densely hairy involucre.

Hieracium jalapense Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis

herbacea prope basin ramosa 50 cm. alta; caulis purpurascens

praesertim basin versus foliatus, prope basin pilis deflexis 3-4 mm.

longis villosus, superne pilis brevibus curvis plus minusve adpressis

et aliis brevibus glanduliferis pubescens, ramis floriferis dense glandu-

loso-tomentulosis; folia radicalia vulgo ad anthesin persistentia

elliptico-lanceolata vel oblongo-oblanceolata, subobtusa et mucro-

nata, basin versus paullo angustata, 6-8 cm. longa 1.5-2 cm. lata,

dentibus utroque latere ca. 7 remotis inconspicuis; folia caulina 5-6

lanceolata subacuta calloso-apicata, basi sessili subamplexicaulia,

5.5-7.5 cm. longa 10-12 mm. lata, utrinque modice denseve villosula

atque sparse pilis albis villoso-setosa; inflorescentia corymbiformis

2-2.5 cm. longa 2-3 cm. lata, ramis ultimis 8-9 cm. longis, capitulis

5-9 modicis ca. 30-floris, pedunculis dense pilis glanduliferis 0.5 mm.

longis tomentosis; involucrum 2-3-seriatum 8-9 mm. altum 5-8 mm.

in statu fructifero latum, bracteis ca. 19-21, exterioribus lineari-

triangularibus brevibus, interioribus lineari-lanceolatis fusco-viridi-

bus subacutis, praesertim ad costam pilis atro-sordidis adscendenti-

bus 0.8 mm. longis setulosis; corollae luteae 7.5-8.5 mm. longae,

lamina 4.5-5 mm. longa, tubo 3-3.5 mm. longo; achaenia nigro-

brunnea vel nigra sursum non attenuata, 3.5-3.8 mm. longa 10-

costata, antrorse minute tuberculato-hispidula; pappus sordidus

4.5-5 mm. longus barbellatus. — Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Grassy

places along trail in pine-oak forest near summit, between Mira-

mundo and summit of Montana Miramundo, between Jalapa and

Mataquescuintla, 6 miles north of Miramundo, alt. 2,000-2,500

meters, December 5, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 32767 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

This has somewhat the habit of H. Selerianum Zahn but lacks

the dense floccose tomentum on the lower leaf surfaces. It appears

to be a member of section Intybiformia, since the achenes are not

attenuate upward. The few-headed corymbs, leaves sparsely or

moderately villous, and stems with branches arising near the base are

distinctive characters of this species.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 103

Hieracium minarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis

herbacea 45-96 cm. alta, caule solitario; rhizoma breve; folia radi-

calia vulgo ad anthesin deficientia, in plantis juvenilibus elliptico-

oblonga vel obovato-oblonga, apice obtusa vel rotundata, subtus

pilosa; caulis infra medium foliatus, foliis interdum tantum 1-2,

infra inflorescentiam simplex, inferne sparse vel modice pilosus,

superne adpresso-pilosulus atque sparse stipitato-glandulosus; folia

inferiora et media 6-7 vel 1-2, oblanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata,

inferioribus in basin subpetioliformem angustatis, superioribus

mediisque sessilibus et basi subrotundatis, infimis apice rotundatis

vel obtusis, aliis acutis vel acuminatis, 3-10.5 cm. longis 1-2.7 cm.

latis, utroque latere dentibus 2-8 angustis callosis onustis, supra

sparse vel modice pilis 1.5-5.5 mm. longis pilosis, subtus pilis brevi-

bus curvis modice adpresso-pilosulis; capitula numerosa 45-50 vel

interdum tantum 12, inflorescentia laxa elongato-racemoso-corym-

bosa 15-30 cm. longa 4-9 cm. lata, floribus ca. 23-26; pedunculi

graciles divaricato- vel arcuato-adscendentes 1-5 cm. longi modice

denseve stipitato-glandulosi et adpresso-pilosuli, pedicellis glandulo-

so-puberulis 5-20 mm. longis; involucrum ca. 2-seriatum 7-10 mm.

altum 5-10 mm. in statu fructifero latum, bracteis 18-21, exteriori-

bus brevibus triangularibus, interioribus lineari-lanceolatis, cuspi-

datis vel caudatis modice stipitato-glandulosis praesertim ad basin

et ad partem inferiorem costae, aliter glabris, marginibus subscari-

osis; corollae luteae 8-10 mm. longae, lamina 4-5.5 mm. longa

1-1.2 mm. lata 5-denticulata, lobis linearibus obtusis glabris, tubo

ca. 4 mm. longo dorso praesertim inferne pilosulo; achaenia immatura

fusca vel castaneo-brunnea 3 mm. longa utrinque plus minusve

attenuata, 8-costata, minute antrorse tuberculato-hispidula; pappus

fulvus 3-6 mm. longus barbellatus. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa:

Pine-covered slopes, Sierra de las Minas, along trail between Rio

Hondo and summit at Finca Alejandria, alt. 1,000-1,500 meters,

October 11, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29722 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.) ; also no. 29688. Dept. Chiquimula: South-facing open grassy

upper pine-clad slopes, Cerro Tixixi, 3-5 miles north of Jocotan, alt.

500-1,500 meters, Steyermark 31653.

By its combination of short pubescence, elongate subcylindric

paniculate inflorescence, and short-pubescent leaves, this appears

distinct from other species of Mexico and Central America. It

seems to belong to section Pulmonareiformia, and is the first species

of this group to be found outside Atlantic North America. In

general appearance it suggests H. Gronovii L. of the United States.

104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Hieracium ostreophyllum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Herba perennis herbacea 45-50 cm. alta; caudex brevis apice dense

longipilosus; folia basalia ad anthesin persistentia 4-6 oblongo-

obovata vel oblongo-spathulata, subtus purpurascentia, 4-8 cm.

longa 2-3.5 cm. lata, utrinque pilis albis 3-5.5 mm. longis longisetosa,

apice obtusa vel rotundata, ad basin subsessilem angustata, utrinque

4-5-calloso-dentata; folium caulinum vulgo 1, 4-7 cm. supra basin

caulis insertum, elliptico-oblanceolatum vel lanceolatum, ca. 2.5 cm.

longum et 5 mm. latum, acutum, ad basim attenuatum, utrinque

longipilosum; caules pilis albis 3-5 mm. longis longisetosi, superne

sparse breviter pilosi et glanduloso-pilosi vel glabrati, ad inflores-

centiam densius glanduloso-pilosi; inflorescentia laxe racemoso-

corymbiformis 6-8 cm. alta 4-5 cm. lata, pedunculis 1-2.5 cm. longis,

dense glanduloso-pilosis; capitula 4-6 modica 33-35-flora; involu-

crum ca. 3-seriatum 9-12 mm. altum 5.5-10 mm. (in statu fructifero)

latum, bracteis 22-23, extimis lineari-triangularibus brevibus, ceteris

lineari-lanceolatis abrupte acutis et triangulari-appendiculatis, dense

glanduloso-pubescentibus, pilis usque 1.5 mm. longis, marginibus

subscariosis; corollae luteae 10-11 mm. longae; achaenia brunnes-

centi-nigra 3-3.5 mm. longa costata, ad angulos minute tuberculato-

hispidula; pappi setae albae vel albescentes 5.5-6.5 mm. longae dense

serrulato-barbellatae. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Dry pine

slopes, barranco 6 miles southwest of Tajumulco, northwestern

slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 2,300-2,800 meters, February,

1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36690 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Dept. Huehuetenango: Pine-oak forest, mountains southwest of

Malacatancito, alt. 1,800-2,400 meters, January, 1939, Standley

62633.

This appears to belong to the section Crepidisperma and is the

first of the section to be reported from Central America. It is nearest

H. Fendleri Schultz Bip. of southwestern United States and northern

Mexico, but differs in the densely long-glandular pubescence of the

involucral bracts, which lack the floccose hairs of that species; also

in the much less hairy stems and relatively smaller and shorter heads.

Hieracium tacanense Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis

herbacea, caule solitario 40 cm. alto plerumque prope basin foliato,

superne minute sordide flocculoso-tomentuloso, inferne densius

tomentuloso, superne praesertim ad inflorescentiam dense pilis

setiformibus 2 mm. longis tomentoso; folia radicalia ad anthesin

deficientia; folia caulina ca. 4 firme membranacea anguste lineari-

oblanceolata in basin petioliformem angustata, subito acuta et

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 105

calloso-apiculata, 12-15 cm. longa 7-9 mm. lata, dentibus utroque

latere 6-7 brevibus, supra modice breviterque pilosula, subtus

densius sordide floccoso-tomentosa; inflorescentia densa breviter

corymbosa 2-4 cm. longa et aequilata; capitula 4-7 modica ca.

65-flora, ramis inflorescentiae erecto-adscendentibus, pedunculis

4-10 mm. longis dense sordide floccoso-tomentulosis et patenti-

setosis; involucrum ca. 3-seriatum 7-9 mm. altum, 5-10 mm. in

statu fructifero latum, bracteis ca. 30, exterioribus brevibus lineari-

triangularibus, interioribus lineari-lanceolatis intense viridibus acutis

vel subacutis, pilis densis adscendentibus longis setiformibus sordide

nigro-pilosis, nigro-vittatis, marginibus subscariosis; corollae luteae

7-7.5 mm. longae, lamina 4-5 mm. longa 1 mm. lata 5-denticulata

glabra, tubo 4 mm. longo glabro; achaenia immatura 2.8-3 mm.

longa fusco-brunnea ca. 8-costata ad costas dense antrorso-hispidula;

pappus sordidus 4.5-5 mm. longus barbellatus. — Guatemala: Dept.

San Marcos: Between Sibinal and summit of Volcan de Tacana, alt.

2,500-4,400 meters, February 19, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36128

(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Referable to section Verbasciformia, and related to H. Selerianum

Zahn. It differs from that species in having much narrower leaves,

in the long spreading setiform hairs on the branches of the inflores-

cence, more densely hairy involucral bracts, and larger achenes.

Mikania guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Scan-

dens, caulibus teretibus glabris; folia petiolata ovata firme mem-

branacea vel subcoriacea, supra intense viridia lucida, subtus palli-

diora, lamina 4.5-10 cm. longa 2.5-5 cm. lata supra basin pinnatim

5-nervia, acuminata et submucronata, basi truncata vel subcuneata,

glabra, marginibus integris, petiolis glabris 2-4 cm. longis; inflores-

centia racemoso-paniculata pyramidalis; capitula 4-flora numerosa

non congesta 6-7 mm. alta, ramis inflorescentiae glabris, pedicellis

glabris vel sparse pilosulis 2-3 mm. longis; bracteae involucri lineari-

lanceolatae vel oblanceolatae subacutae sparse ciliolatae 3-3.5 mm.

longae; corollae albidae 3.5-4 mm. longae glabrae sparse glanduli-

ferae, lobis 0.6 mm. longis, fauce 1.5 mm. longo in tubum angustum

2 mm. longum contracto; pappi setae 28-36 albae serrulatae;

achaenia pallide brunnea 2.6-2.8 mm. longa sparse vel modice

puberula, glandulis brunneis conspersa. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal:

Puerto Barrios, at sea level, February 25, 1905, C. C. Deam 40 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.) ; same locality, in Manicaria swamp, Standley

72836. Seashore at Punta Palma, Steyermark 39824, 39840. Near

Cristina, Steyermark 38388. — British Honduras: In jungle, Schipp 28.

106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Related to M. Houstoniana (L.) Robinson, with which it has

been confused. It differs from that species in its glandular-puberu-

lent rather than glabrous achenes, glabrous or almost glabrous leaves,

and less dense inflorescence. In appearance it simulates also M.

leiostachya Benth., but differs in its pedicellate heads and the gla-

brous lower leaf surfaces.

Pectis flava Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Annua, caulibus

inferne simplicibus superne ramosis, ramis divergenti-adscendenti-

bus, 8-12 cm. alta glabra; folia lineari-oblonga vel lineari-elliptica

7-11 mm. longa 1.6-2.1 mm. lata basi connata, prope basin 2-ciliata,

cuspidata, glabra, subtus pallide viridia glanduloso-punctata; capi-

tula solitaria in axillis vel ramulos terminantia, pedunculis glabris

8-16 mm. longis; involucrum 4.5-5 mm. altum 2-2.5 mm. latum,

bracteis 5 linearibus vel oblongo-linearibus obtusis vel acutiusculis

scarioso-marginatis, 1-seriatim glanduloso-punctatis glabris; radii 6,

ligulis 1.7 mm. longis 0.7 mm. latis; disci flores 5, corollis 2.1 mm.

longis, lobis ovatis obtusis, fauce 1 mm. longo, tubo vix angustiore

1 mm. longo; achaenia immatura nigrescentia linearia 3.5 mm. longa

minute transverse rectangulari-reticulata, antrorse hirtella; pappi

squamellae lanceolatae vel lineares inaequales serrato-setulosae 0.5-

1.2 mm. longae. — Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Plains and swampy

ground along railroad between Agua Blanca and Amatillo, alt.

950-990 meters, October 24, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 30415 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

Related, apparently, to P. Swartziana Less., from which it differs

in having 5 instead of 7 involucral bracts, slightly shorter involucres,

and peduncles only 1.5-2 rather than 2.5-3 cm. long.

Polymnia Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Herbacea vel suf-

frutescens 2.5-5 m. alta erecta, caule viridi inferne usque 5 cm. diam.

glabrato vel superne pilis parvis curvis adpressis sparse puberulo;

folia opposita tenuiter membranacea, media et inferiora flabelliformi-

obovata 25-35 cm. longa 13-16 cm. lata, acuta, basi contracta et in

petiolum late alatum 8-15 cm. longum 2.5-4 cm. latum decurrentia,

petiolo basi auriculato arete setuloso-dentato, lamina triplinervia;

folia caulina superiora breviora triangulari-hastata vel rhombeo-

elliptica, petiolo 0.5-4 cm. longo 5-15 mm. lato, basi auriculato,

supra molliter pilosa, subtus glanduloso-villosula; pedunculi glandu-

loso-puberuli et glanduloso-pilosi ; capitula radiata paniculato-corym-

bosa; involucri bracteae 5 paten tes ovatae membranaceae 1.5-2.5 cm.

longae 1-2 cm. latae acutae, basi latae et subcordatae, palmatim

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 107

5-6-nerviae, extus glanduloso-puberulae; receptaculum planum 9

mm. latum; radii 9-11 lutei apice trilobi, lamina 15 mm. longa 5 mm.

lata, feminei; disci flores lutei hermaphroditi ca. 50-75, corolla

7-8 mm. longa; paleae exteriores complicatae flores arete involventes

curvae 7 mm. longae, glandulis sessilibus et stipitatis dense con-

spersae, apice sparse pilosulae, interiores oblongo-spathulatae 6 mm.

longae acutiusculae; achaenia epapposa compresso-tetragona sub-

acute angulata cuneato-obovoidea 2.5 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata,

apice abrupte angustata, fusco-brunnea, reticulari-lineolata.— Gua-

temala: Dept. San Marcos: Between La Vega Ridge along Rio Vega

and northeast slopes of Volcan de Tacana, vicinity of San Rafael,

Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, February 20, 1940, Julian

A. Steyermark 36181 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 36265.

Near town of Tajumulco, alt. 2,300-2,800 meters, Steyermark 36860.

In general appearance like P. maculata Cav., but differing in its

much larger involucral bracts, much smaller achenes, larger heads,

unlobed serrate flabelliform-obovate leaves with a different type of

pubescence, conspicuously stipitate-glandular peduncles, and its

often much greater size. An unusual feature of the species is the

fact that many of the heads have fertile disk florets that produce

fertile achenes. One of the distinguishing characters of Polymnia

is supposed to be the possession of sterile disk florets.

Schaetzellia Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Ut videtur

perennis 50 cm. alta vel ultra suffrutescens, caulibus brunneis

teretibus dense praesertim superne tomentulosis; folia opposita

patentia membranacea utrinque intense viridia petiolata triangulari-

ovata, basi palmatim 3-nervia, grosse crenata, prope apicem anguste

angustatum obtusum integra, basi subito truncata vel subtruncata,

lamina 1.5-4 cm. longa 1-3.5 cm. lata, utrinque dense griseo-velutina,

subtus dense puncticulata, petiolis 6-10 mm. longis minute denseque

velutinis; inflorescentiae ramos terminantes dense breviterque

corymbiformes, pedunculis 2-2.5 mm. longis dense minute velutinis;

capitula homogama 15-30, ca. 16-25-flora, receptaculo conico nudo;

involucrum turbinato-cylindraceum 3.5-4 mm. altum 2-2.5 mm.

latum 2-seriatum,bracteis exterioribus apice paullo purpurascentibus,

bracteis ca. 10, exterioribus subinaequalibus interioribus brevioribus

vel eas subaequantibus, spathulato-oblanceolatis abrupte mucrona-

tis, conspicue 3-nerviis vel obscure 5-nerviis, dorso glanduloso-pilo-

sulis, glandulis breviter stipitatis vel subsessilibus; corollae albae

2.8 mm. longae, lobis late ovatis subobtusis dorso puberulis 0.6-0.7

mm. longis, fauce infundibuliformi 0.7-1.2 mm. longo sparse glandu-

108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

loso, abrupte in tubum 1-1.2 mm. longum angustato; appendices

antherarum latae triangulares obtusae, basi integra obtusae vel

rotundatae; styli rami longi graciles lineari-oblongi obtusi dorso

dense papillosi; pappi setae 2 graciles setiformes 2.3-2.5 mm. longae

serrulatae vel barbellatae; achaenia nigra compressa lineari-oblonga

ecostata superne ad margines modice hispidula, ad facies sparse

hispidula, ca. 2 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Dry slopes

of rocky escarpment bordering Lago de Retana, between Ovejero and

Progreso, alt. 600 meters, November 26, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark

32041 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Chiquimula: Dry rocky

glade slopes, Montana Castilla, 3 miles southeast of Quezaltepeque,

alt. 1,200-1,500 meters, Steyermark 31344.

Heretofore there has been known a single species of this genus,

S. mexicana Schultz Bip. The Guatemalan plant differs from the

Mexican one in its pubescent rather than glabrous involucral bracts,

which are shorter, firmer, and of a different shape, in having the

leaves truncate or subtruncate instead of cuneate at the base, in

the closely 6-10-crenate rather than 3-7-crenate leaf margins, in the

evenly tomentulose rather than villous or villosulous lower surfaces

of the leaves, and in the subligneous perennial habit.

Stevia chortiana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba perennis,

caulibus suberectis simplicibus usque ad medium foliosis, internodiis

inferioribus 1-1.5 cm. longis, superioribus 2-4 cm. longis; folia

opposita ovata acuta vel subobtusa crenato-dentata, dentibus utro-

que latere 9-10, abrupte contracta et inferne petioliformia, utrinque

villosa et glandulosa, 2.2-4 cm. longa 1.2-2 cm. lata; inflorescentia

corymbosa sublaxa, ramulis adpresso-pilosis; capitula 6-7 mm. alta

breviter pedicellata; involucrum ca. 3.2 mm. altum, bracteis oblongis

obtusis glandulosis et villosulis; corollae roseae 4-4.2 mm. longae;

achaenia immatura heteromorpha 2.5 mm. longa ad costas hispidula,

setae adelphocarpiorum 4 setuloso-serratae acuminatae, basi coronae

squamis cuneatis paullo erosis circumdatae, idiocarpio squamis

eroso-dentatis coronato. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Dry

wooded pine-clad slopes, between Finca San Jose" (southeast of

Concepcion de las Minas) and Montana Nube (Montana Volcanci-

tos), alt. 1,200-1,700 meters, October, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark

30866 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The specific name is derived from that of the Chorti Indians who

inhabit the region of Guatemala in which the plant grows. The

species is related to S. hirsuta DC., which has larger heads and involu-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— IV 109

cres and a more compact inflorescence, with less conspicuously

pedunculate heads. The involucral bracts are more densely covered

with sessile glands than in S. hirsuta.

Verbesina guatemalensis Rob. & Greenm. var. glabrata

Standl. & Steyerm., var. nov. — Folia subtus glabrata vel sparse

puberula. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Lower slopes of Sierra de las

Minas, along trail above Rio Hondo, alt. 250-900 meters, October,

1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29505 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); a

shrub 3-4 meters high; flowers white. Also, from the same region,

Steyermark 29491 and 29370.

Verbesina apleura Blake, var. foliolata Standl. & Steyerm.,

var. nov. — Folia suprema ramulorum floriferorum elliptico-obovata

5-7.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.8 cm. lata, supra medium remote denticulata,

dentibus angustis utroque latere 2-7, supra scabridula, subtus

densius hirtello-scabridula, apice acuta vel acuminata, basi cuneata;

capitula laxe aggregata 10-11 mm. alta, 10-13 mm. lata, 3-6 mm.

longe pedunculata; bracteae extimae insigniter foliosae subaequales

obovatae ad elliptico-oblanceolatae, subacutae, 7-10 mm. longae

3-5 mm. latae; bracteae interiores lanceolatae ad oblongo-lanceolatae

5-7 mm. longae 1.5-2 mm. latae. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango:

In thicket, slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, above Palojunoj, alt.

2,700 meters, March, 1939, Paul C. Standley 67540 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

A shrub or small tree 2.5-5 meters high; common. From typical

V. apleura this variety differs in the foliose subequal outer bracts

and in the much smaller upper rameal leaves.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA