INHOUD (CONTENTS)

Askew, R. R., G. G. Cleland, D. A. L. Davies & T. W. Harman. — A report on a collection

of @donata from North Sulawesi Indonesia... e e NS)

Assem, J. van den & M. J. Gijswijt. — The taxonomic position of the Pachyneurini

(Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) as judged by characteristics of courtship

BEVONO III 149

Aukema, B. — Annotated checklist of Hemiptera — Heteroptera of The Netherlands 1

Baldizzone, G. — A taxonomic review of the Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera) of China.

Contribution to the knowledge of the Coleophoridae, LH ............. 199

Batten, R. — Two new Mordellidae (Coleoptera) from Kashmir and Sumatra ........ 105

Belle, J. — Phyllogomphoides indicatrix, a new dragonfly from Mexico (Odonata: Gom-

Pi AN e NEO ere one I 155

Belle, J. — Epigomphus corniculatus, a new dragonfly from Costa Rica (Odonata: Gom-

PRIORA LARE ae an et eee 158

Belle, J. — A revision of the New World genus Newraeschna Hagen, 1867 (Odonata:

ASIA) ET 259)

Blackith, R. E., see Butlin, R. K.

Blackith, R. M., see Butlin, R. K.

Brooks, S. J. — New dragonflies (Odonata) from Costa Rica .................. 163

Butlin, R. K., R. E. Blackith & R. M. Blackith. — Eumastacidae (Orthoptera) from the

Project Wallace Expedition to Sulawesi (Indonesia) ................ 109

Cleland, G. G., see Askew, R. R.

Davies, D. A. L., see Askew, R. R.

Duffels, J. P — The Sulawesi genus Brachylobopyga (Homoptera: Cicadidae) ........ 123

Duijm, M., see Landman, W., and see Oudman, L.

Gijswijt, M. J., see Assem, J. van den.

Harman, T. W., see Askew, R. R.

Heijerman, Th. & H. Turin. — Carabid fauna of some types of forest in The Netherlands

(@oleoptera:|Catabidac)y ee LIES o MM I ee 241

Helsdingen, P. J. van & E. J. van Nieukerken. — Alexey Diakonoff, 1907-1989 ....... 161

Kanaar, P. — A new Saprinus from Irian Jaya (Coleoptera: Histeridae)........... 285

Landman, W., L. Oudman & M. Duijm. — Allozymic and morphological variation in

Ephippiger terrestris (Yersin, 1854) (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigonoidea) 183

Landman, W., see Oudman, L.

Oudman, L., W. Landman & M. Duijm. — Genetic distance in the genus Ephippiger

(Orthoptera, Tettigonoidea). — a reconnaissance . . ................ 1157074

Oudman, L., see Landman, W.

Platel, Th. G. H. — The egg laying and larval development of Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin)

(AganedesPholeidae iia, sue eee TE RE IN 135, 288

Rossem, G. van. — The genus Cryptus Fabricius, 1804 of the Canary Islands (Hymenoptera,

Tél UN O HITS) tes aan RO I O RI E CI CIRCO Dl

Turin, H., see Heijerman, Th.

Wittmer, W. — Die Gattung Polemiosilis Pic auf Sulawesi (Coleoptera, Cantharidae). (41.

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-malaiischen Cantharidae) ............. 129

Booksreyiewsiand announcements 1". NN NU 114, 122, 128, 162, 182

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TIJDSCHRIFT

VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

LIBRARY

n 99 1020

AUG Li 2 1999

HARVA

UNIVER EEY

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie

A journal of systematic and evolutionary entomology since 1858

Editors: E. J. van Nieukerken and J. van Tol

Co-editors: C. van Achterberg and Mrs. S. A. Ulenberg.

Advisory board: M. Brancucci (Basel), Y. Hirashima (Fukuoka) and M. R. Wilson (London).

The “Tijdschrift voor Entomologie” is published in two issues per year by the "Nederlandse Entomologische

Vereniging” (Netherlands Entomological Society), Amsterdam.

Editorial address: c/o Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Nether-

lands.

All enquiries of membership of the Society, as well as correspondence regarding subscription and possibilities

for exchange of this journal, should be addressed to

Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging,

c/o Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie,

Plantage Middenlaan 64,

1018 DH Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Subscription price per volume for non-members: Hfl. 300.—

INHOUD CONTENTS

B. Aukema, Annotated checklist of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Netherlands.........

R. Batten, Two new Mordellidae (Coleoptera) from Kashmir and Sumatra............

R. K. Butlin, R. E. Blackith & R. M. Blackith, Eumastacidae (Orthoptera) from the Project

Wallace ExpeditronitoSulawesi{(Indonesia) 2... e ER E eee

BOokanNOUNEEMENESTANAEVIEWSERRR ER O EE

R. R. Askew, C. G. Cleland, D. A. L. Davies & T. W. Harman, A report on a collection of

OdonatatromiNorthisulawestindonesias RER

EFaunaMalesiana Foundation 3. . „er. EAN RI NE

J. P. Duffels, The Sulawesi genus Brachylobopyga (Homoptera: Cicadidae) .............

Book'announcements and reviews..." IE

W. Wittmer, Die Gattung Polemiosilis Pic auf Sulawesi (Coleoptera, Cantharidae).

(41. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-malaiischen Cantharidae) ....................

Th. G. H. Platel, The egg laying and larval development of Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin)

(Araneae: Pholcidae) een e LL ce E

J. van den Assem & M. J. Gijswijt, The taxonomic position of the Pachyneurini (Chalci-

doidea, Pteromalidae) as judged by characteristics of courtship behaviour ...........

J. Belle, Phyllogomphoides indicatrix, a new dragonfly from Mexico (Odonata: Gomphi-

ALENIA I NO ate ne PNE LIT RAI EN NEPI

(GTS) ea ent Re e MO A UR Li co ose

Publilshed 3 July 1989

ISSN 0040-7496

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA

OF THE NETHERLANDS”)

BEREND AUKEMA

ABSTRACT

Aukema, B., 1989. Annotated checklist of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of The Netherlands. —

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 1-104, figs. 1-120, tab. 1. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July

1989.

A list of 586 species of Heteroptera recorded from The Netherlands is presented. Local

distribution is indicated by data on the presence in the twelve Dutch provinces, while for new,

rare and endangered species the records are included in more detail. Eighteen species are recorded

for the first time from The Netherlands: Deraeocoris flavilinea (Costa), Tytthus geminus (Flor),

Brachyarthrum limitatum Fieber, Criocoris sulcicornis (Kirschbaum), Reuteria marqueti Puton,

Heterocordylus genistae (Scopoli), Lygus adspersus (Schilling), Lygus wagneri Remane, Lygo-

coris populi Leston, Capsus pilifer Remane, Capsodes sulcatus (Fieber) and Trigonotylus caeles-

tialium (Kirkaldy) (Miridae), Temnostethus longirostris (Horvath) and Scoloposcelis pulchella

(Zetterstedt) (Anthocoridae), Coranus woodroffei Putshkov (Reduviidae), Kleidocerys privignis

(Horváth), K. truncatulus ericae (Horváth) and Scolopostethus pseudograndis Wagner (Lygaei-

dae). Kleidocerys privignis is new for Western Europe.

Key words. - Heteroptera; checklist; faunistics; distribution maps.

Berend Aukema, Pomona 66, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

Between 1853 and 1951 five editions of a check-

list of Dutch Heteroptera appeared (De Graaf &

Snellen van Vollenhoven 1853, De Graaf, Six &

Snellen van Vollenhoven 1860, Snellen van Vollen-

hoven 1868-1878a, 1878, Fokker 1883-1899 and

Reclaire 1932-1951). Because the last supplement

to the list of Reclaire was published in 1951 there

was a growing need for a new updated list.

Reclaire (1932-1951) listed a total of 514 species

from The Netherlands. In the present, sixth list,

586 species are included. Fourteen species of the

list of Reclaire are omitted, because they are either

considered incidentally introduced (Stephanitis py-

rioides (Scott), Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius)

and Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda)), misidentified

(Sigara venusta (Douglas & Scott), Velia rivulorum

(Fabricius), Chartoscirta geminata (Costa),

Orthonotus cylindricollis (Costa), Phytocoris ju-

niperi Frey-Gessner, Xylocoris parvulus (Reuter),

Piesma capitatum (Wolff) and Rhopalus rufus

') Dedicated to the memory of R. H. Cobben, the well-

known Dutch Hemipterist, who died at 7 December

1987.

2) Mededeling EIS-Nederland, nr. 41.

Schilling), or sunk as synonyms (Monosynamma

nigritulum (Zetterstedt), Orthocephalus ferrari

Reuter and Neides favosus Fieber). On the other

hand Microvelia pygmaea (Dufour), Saldula palus-

tris (Douglas), Amblytylus brevicollis Fieber and

Eurydema ventralis Kult had to be added, because

their origin and/or identity, questionable at the

time, could be established. Furthermore, two taxa

previously included as varieties have been raised to

specific status, viz. Drymus rye Douglas & Scott

and Megalonotus sabulicola (Thomson).

The specimens of Coranus tuberculifer Reuter

recorded by Blöte (1954, as f. nov. spec.) belong to

C. woodroffei Putshkov.

Callicorixa wollastoni (Douglas & Scott), Eury-

colpus flaveolus Stal, Phytocoris hirsutulus Flor,

Peritrechus distingendus (Flor), Stictopleurus cras-

sicornis (Linnaeus), Sciocoris umbrinus (Wolff),

Sehirus dubius (Scopoli) and Geotomus punctula-

tus (Costa) are listed erroneously for The Nether-

lands by Stichel (1955-1962).

The recording of Callicorixa producta (Reuter)

from The Netherlands (Polderman & Van der

Velde 1971) was due to misidentification of imma-

ture specimens of Callicorixa praeusta (Fieber);

Jansson (1986) included Micronecta griseola Hor-

vath erroneously as a Dutch species by misinter-

preting a locality label (Nieser, in litt.).

Cremnocephalus alpestris Wagner was caught in

Flevoland (7.viii.1982, 1 male, B. van Aartsen, coll.

Museum Amsterdam), but for the present it has to

be considered a casual introduction since it was

caught far away from its natural habitat (pine fo-

rest).

Thus the number of real additions to the list

since 1951 is no less than 80 species (16%). The

following 18 species are recorded here for the first

time from The Netherlands:

Miridae: Deraeocoris flavilinea (Costa), Tytthus

geminus (Flor), Brachyarthrum limitatum Fieber,

Criocoris sulcicornis (Kirschbaum), Reuteria mar-

queti Puton, Heterocordylus genistae (Scopoli), Ly-

gus adspersus (Schilling), Lygus wagneri Remane,

Lygocoris populi Leston, Capsus pilifer Remane,

Capsodes sulcatus (Fieber), Trigonotylus caelesti-

alium (Kirkaldy); Anthocoridae: Temnostethus

longirostris (Horváth), Scoloposcelis pulchella

(Zetterstedt); Reduviidae: Coranus woodroffei

Putshkov; Lygaeidae: Kleidocerys privignus (Hor-

vath), Kleidocerys truncatulus ericae (Horvath)

and Scolopostethus pseudograndis Wagner. [Two

additional species are recorded in an addendum |.

Kleidocerys privignis, thusfar only known from

Bulgaria and Southern Russia (Stichel 1957-1962;

Josifov 1986) is new for Western Europe.

The present list:

2 Pachycoleus waltli

8 Cymatia bonsdorffu

10 Glaenocorisa propinqua

16 Corixa punctata

17-20 Hesperocorixa

18 Hesperocorixa linnaei

21 Paracorixa concinna

22-35 Sigara

23 Sigara stagnalis

24 Sigara hellensti

25 Sigara nigrolineata

35 Sigara lateralis

36 Ilyocoris cimicoides

38 Aphelocheirus aestivalis

43 Notonecta obliqua

51 Velia caprai

55 Microvelia reticulata

59 Gerris lateralis

62-63 Aquarius

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Nomenclature and sequence of taxa above sub-

family level are according to Stys & Kerzhner

(1975) and Stys & Jansson (1988). Below family

level in general the sequence of Southwood & Le-

ston (1964) is followed, with the exception of Co-

rixidae (Jansson 1986), Tingidae (Péricart 1983),

Nabidae (Péricart 1987), Anthocoridae and Cimi-

cidae (Péricart 1972), Lygaeidae (Slater 1964,

1964a), Berytidae (Péricart 1984) and Rhopalidae

(Göllner-Scheiding 1983), which are arranged ac-

cording to the given references. Nomenclature of

Miridae and Lygaeidae in general is according to

the world catalogues of Carvalho (1957-1960) and

Slater (1964) respectively, with regard to grammar

corrections of Steyskal (1973, 1973a). Within

(sub)genera the species are arranged in alphabeti-

cal order. All species are sequentially numbered

throughout. Species with an asterisk (*) before

their number are treated with the same number

under Remarks.

Since the biological and phenological informa-

tion given by Reclaire (1932) is still very valuable,

the changes in names used are listed below to keep

his work accessible. The species numbers used by

Reclaire are those of the catalogue of Oshanin

(1912).

Reclaire (1932):

3236 Pachycoleus rufescens

3475 Cymatia bonsdorffi

3472 Glaenocorisa cavifrons

3405 Corixa geoffroyi

3424-3425 Arctocorisa

3441-3442 Arctocorisa

3425 Arctocorisa linnei

3468 Callicorixa concinna

3413-3423 Arctocorisa

3430-3438 Arctocorisa

3443-3446 Arctocorisa

3413 Arctocorisa lugubris

3423 Arctocorisa hellensi

3446 Arctocorisa fabricu

3419 Arctocorisa hieroglyphica

3364 Naucoris cimicoides

3354 Aphelochirus aestivalis

3400 Notonecta furcata

3281 Velia rivulorum

3283 Velia currens

3279 Microvelia schneideri

3256 Gerris asper

3245-47 Gerris

AUKEMA:

64 Limnoporus rufoscutellatus

69 Halosalda lateralis

70-80 Saldula

85 Campylosteira verna

92 Acalypta platycheila

95 Kalama tricornis

107-109 Physatocheila

109 Physatocheila smreczynskü

111-113 Dictyla

111 Dictyla convergens

113 Dictyla bumuli

114 Agramma laetum

115-117 Loricula

120 Myrmedobia exilis

124-125 Deraeocoris

135 Lopus decolor

138 Conostethus griseus

147 Macrotylus paykulii

149 Orthonotus rufifrons

151-152 Tytthus

157 Plesiodema pinetella

167 Psallus confusus

170 Psallus haematodes

173 Psallus salicis

176 Compsidolon salicellus

177 Phoenicocoris obscurellus

182 Plagiognathus litoralis

192-194 Monosynamma

195 Campylomma annulicorne

192 Monosynamma bohemanni

199 Salicarus roseri

200 Sthenarus rotermundi

202 Hallodapus rufescens

210 Dicyphus pallicornis

225 Orthocephalus coriaceus

229 Fieberocapsus flaveolus

230 Cyllecoris histrionicus

231 Dryophilocoris flavoquadrimaculatus

233 Globiceps fulvicollis cruciatus

239 Heterotoma planicornis

241 Blepharidopterus diaphanus

257 Pseudoloxops coccineus

258 Cyrtorhinus caricis

259 Neomecomma bilineatum

270-272 Orthops

272 Orthops kalmii

273-276 Pinalitus

279-286 Lygocoris

287 Agnocoris reclairei

289 Camptozygum aequale

290-294 Polymerus

295 Charagochilus gyllenhalii

298 Maris striatus

299 Hadrodemus m-flavum

302 Calocoris striatellus

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

3244 Gerris rufoscutellatus

3298 Haldosalda lateralis

3309-3330 Acanthia

1445 Campylostira verna

1466 Acalypta platychila

1489 Dictyonota tricornis

1602-1604 Physatochila

1604 Physatocheila quadrimaculata

1615-22 Monanthia

1620 Monanthia humuli

1618 Monanthia symphyti

1642 Serenthia laeta

2140-2144 Microphysa

2148 Myrmedobia tenella

2444-2446 Camptobrochis

2824 Onychumenus decolor

2857 Conostethus salinus

2941 Macrotylus paykulli

2956 Byrsoptera rufifrons

2629-2630 Cyrtorrhinus

2972 Plesiodema pinetellum

3017 Psallus diminutus

3030 Psallus roseus

3012 Psallus alnicola

3034 Psallus salicellus

2987 Psallus obscurellus

3095 Plagiognathus fusciloris

3130 Microsynamma

3137 Campylomma annulicornis

3130 Microsynamma bohemani

3157 Sthenarus roseri

3160 Sthenarus rottermundi

2563 Allodapus rufescens

2548 Dicyphus pallidicornis

2755 Orthocephalus mutabilis

2631 Cyrtorrbinus flaveolus

2605 Cyllocoris histrionicus

2607 Cyllocoris flavoquadrimaculatus

2621 Globiceps cruciatus

2687 Heterotoma meriopterum

2654 Orthotylus diaphanus

2686 Pseudoloxops coccinea

2628 Cyrtorrbinus caricis

2639 Orthotylus bilineatus

2403-2405 Lygus

2405 Lygus kalmi

2387-2396 Lygus

2364-75 Lygus

2409 Lygus rubicundus

2414 Camptozygum pinastri

2424-2428 Poeciloscytus

2436 Charagochilus gyllenhali

2342 Pycnopterna striata

2339 Homodemus M-flavum

2281 Calocoris ochromelas

4 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

331-332 Capsodes

334 Acetropis gimmerthalii

335 Stenodema calcarata

336 Stenodema trispinosa

337 Stenodema holsata

338 Stenodema laevigata

340 Notostira elongata

341 Megaloceraea recticornis

349 Leptopterna dolabrata

350 Leptopterna ferrugata

353 Himacerus apterus

354 Aptus mirmicoides

355 Anaptus major

356 Stalia boops

357 Nabicula lineata

358 Nabicula limbata

359 Nabicula flavomarginata

372 Anthocoris gallarumulmi

384 Ortus niger

386 Orius majusculus

387 Orius minutus

389 Lyctocoris campestris

390-392 Xylocoris

395 Dufouriellus ater

402-404 Empicoris

407 Rhynocoris annulatus

417 Piesma maculatum

418 Piesma quadratum

420-425 Berytinus

427 Gampsocoris punctipes

429 Lygaeus equestris

431 Nysius helveticus

435 Ortholomus punctipennis

438 Kleidocerys resedae

439 Kleidocerys truncatulus ericae

440 Cymus aurescens

450 Tropidophlebia costalis

456 Drymus latus

468 Lamproplax picea

462 Eremocoris abietis

465 Gastrodes abietum

466 Gastrodes grossipes

482 Stygnocoris sabulosus

483 Pachybrachius fracticollis

484 Pachybrachius luridus

485 Aellopus atratus

487 Graptopeltus lynceus

490 Peritrechus lundi

492-493 Rhyparochromus

494 Raglius alboacuminatus

495 Xantochilus quadratus

496-500 Megalonotus

502 Aphanus rolandri

508 Pterotmetus staphiliniformis

513-514 Dicranocephalus

2480-2483 Lopus

2492 Acetropis gimmerthali

2495 Stenodema calcaratum

2496 Stenodema trispinosum

2507 Stenodema holsatum

2503 Stenodema laevigatum

2510 Notostira erratica

2512 Megaloceroea linearis

2524 Maris dolobratus

2525 Maris ferrugatus

2006 Nabis apterus

2007 Nabis lativentris

2010 Nabis major

2012 Nabis boops

2017 Nabis lineatus

2016 Nabis limbatus

2019 Nabis flavomarginatus

2072 Anthocoris gallarum-ulmi

2090 Triphleps nigra

2095 Triphleps majuscula

2096 Triphleps minuta

2105 Lyctocorus campestris

2110-2118 Piezostethus

2135 Xylocoris ater

1738-1744 Ploiariola

1933 Rhinocoris tracundus

1423 Piesma maculata

1424 Piesma quadrata

1393-1409 Berytus

1421 Metacanthus punctipes

874 Spilostethus equestris

920 Nysius lineatus

925 Nysius punctipennis

937 Ischnorbynchus resedae

938 Ischnorbynchus ericae

934 Cymus obliquus

1038 Camptotelus lineolatus

1337 Drymus confusus

1346 Drymus piceus

1352 Eremocoris erraticus

1386 Gastrodes abietis

1387 Gastrodes ferrugineus

1199 Stygnocoris pedestris

1075 Pamera fracticollis

1078 Pamera lurida

1232 Microtoma atrata

1257 Aphanus lynceus

1214 Peritrechus sylvestris

1279-1280 Aphanus

1276 Aphanus alboacuminatus

1266 Aphanus quadratus

1099-1113 Rhyparochromus

1245 Calyptonotus rolandri

1139 Pterotmetus staphylinoides

765-768 Stenocephalus

AUKEMA:

517 Enoplops scapha

518 Coreus marginatus

519 Syromastus rhombeus

520 Spathocera dahlmannii

521 Arenocoris fallenu

522 Arenocoris waltlii

528 Corizus hyoscyami

529-531 Rhopalus

536 Legnotus limbosus

537 Legnotus picipes

542 Aethus flavicornis

544 Cydnus aterrimus

547 Odontoscelis lineola

552 Graphosoma lineatum

558 Eysarcoris aeneus

559 Eysarcoris fabricii

561-562 Holcostethus

574 Eurydema ventralis

For all species the presence or absence in the 12

Dutch provinces (fig. 1) is given. Questionable

records are indicated by a question mark. For rare,

new or endangered species (the species marked

with an asterisk (*) before their number) distribu-

tional data are treated in more detail under Re-

marks. In that section details on relevant literature,

synonymy, published records, unpublished records

and present status are given. Furthermore, distri-

bution maps (figs. 2-120) are given for most spe-

cies treated here (open circles: recorded before

1930; small dots: recorded between 1930 and 1960;

large dots: recorded since 1960; question marks:

doubtful records). Only records verified by the aut-

hor are included. Unless otherwise stated, the ma-

terial mentioned is deposited in the collection of

the collector. Collections are indicated by their ab-

breviations.

Material of the following Dutch collections is

included:

Museums and institutes: Zoologisch Museum,

Amsterdam (ZMA); Rijksmuseum van Natuur-

lijke Historie, Leiden (RML); Vakgroep Entomo-

logie, Landbouwuniversiteit, Wageningen (LUW);

Fries Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leeuwarden

(FNM); Natuurhistorisch Museum, Maastricht

(NMM); Rijksinstituut voor Natuurbeheer, Arn-

hem (RINA); Biologisch Station, Wijster (BSW);

Afdeling Bestrijding van Dierplagen, Ministerie

van VROM, Wageningen (ABW); Plantenziekten-

kundige Dienst Wageningen (PDW); Delta Insti-

tuut, Yerseke (DI).

Private collections: B. van Aartsen, 't Harde

(AA); B. Aukema, Wageningen (AU); J. Beernink,

Zaandam (BE); K. den Bieman, Bennekom (BI); R.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

703 Coreus scapha

708 Syromastus marginatus

696 Verlusia rhombea

725 Spathocera dalmani

735 Pseudophloeus falleni

737 Pseudophloeus waltli

806 Therapha hyosciami

812-815 Corizus

46 Gnatoconus albomarginatus

47 Gnatoconus picipes

20 Cydnus flavicorne

39 Brachypelta aterrimus

112 Odontoscelis dorsalis

255 Graphosoma italicum

383 Eusarcoris aeneus

385 Eusarcoris melanocephalus

416-419 Peribalis

492 Eurydema ornatum

416. Aneurus laevis. Scale: 1 mm.

6 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

H. Cobben (CB); C. Dolleman, Arnhem (D), Th.

Heijerman, Wageningen (HE), D. J. Hermes, Gel-

drop (HS); R. Ph. Jansen, Amsterdam (JA); G.

Morseld, Rheden (M); N. Nieser, Tiel (N); P. Poot,

Maastricht (P); H. Vallenduuk, Lelystad (VA); J. H.

Woudstra, Zaandam (W).

J. G. M. Cuppen (Vakgroep Hydrobiologie,

Landbouwuniversiteit, Wageningen), H. Moster-

dijk (Technologische Dienst Zeeuwse Waterschap-

pen (ZW), Terneuzen) and N. Nieser, Tilburg,

supplied many data for the Nepomorpha and Ger-

romorpha sections and the latter allowed the use of

data from the files of the Dutch section of the

European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden (marked

'EIS in the Remarks” section).

The reference section gives a complete list of

works containing records on Dutch Heteroptera

published since 1950. Publications not referred to

in the text are marked with an asterisk.

Fig. 1. Division of The Netherlands in 12 provinces. FR: Friesland; GR: Groningen; DR: Drenthe; OV: Overijssel;

FL: Flevoland; GL: Gelderland; UT: Utrecht; NH: Noord-Holland; ZH: Zuid-Holland; ZE: Zeeland; NB: Noord-

Brabant; LB: Limburg.

AUKEMA:

DIPSOCOROMORPHA

DIPSOCOROIDEA

Dipsocoridae

“2

Ceratocombus Signoret

coleoptratus (Zetterstedt)

Pachycoleus Fieber

waltli Fieber

NEPOMORPHA

NEPOIDEA

Nepidae

Nepinae

Nepa Linnaeus

cinerea Linnaeus

Ranatrinae

Ranatra Fabricius

linearis (Linnaeus)

CORIXOIDEA

Corixidae

Micronectinae

Micronecta Kirkaldy

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

CHECKLIST

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH

subgenus Dichaetonecta Hutchinson

scholtzi (Fieber)

subgenus Micronecta s.s.

minutissima (Linnaeus)

poweri (Douglas & Scott)

Cymatiainae

Cymatia Flor

bonsdorffii (Sahlberg)

coleoptrata (Fabricius)

Corixinae

Glaenocorisa Thomson

propinqua propinqua (Fieber)

NB LB

eke

“pe

e e

8 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

Arctocorisa Wallengren

11 germari (Fieber) © - | 6... Orr Orr er Cy

Callicorixa White

12 praeusta praeusta (Fieber) 0... © ©. 6 © © ©) 50 Gener ine

Corixa Geoffroy

13 affinis Leach

14 dentipes (Thomson)

15 panzeri (Fieber)

16 punctata (Illiger)

Hesperocorixa Kirkaldy

17 castanea (Thomson)

18 linnaei (Fieber)

19 moesta (Fieber)

20 sahlbergi (Fieber)

Paracorixa Poisson

21 concinna concinna (Fieber) e: © © © © © © © nemen

Sigara Fabricius

subgenus Halicorixa Walton

*22 selecta (Fieber) u... -% Mr = = = NON

23 stagnalis stagnalis (Leach) e = {= =) 68 =. = eee

subgenus Microsigara Poisson

*24 hellensii (Sahlberg) EE — O ©

subgenus Pseudovermicorixa Jac-

zewski

25 nigrolineata nigrolineata (Fieber)

subgenus Retrocorixa Walton

26 limitata limitata (Fieber) e - © o e e oe e _ + o ©

27 semistriata (Fieber) eo o è è e. © © © © re hemme

subgenus Sigara s.s.

28 striata (Linnaeus)

subgenus Subsigara Stichel

29 distincta (Fieber)

30 falleni (Fieber)

31 fossarum (Leach) -

*32 jactans Jansson =e

*33 longipalis (Sahlberg) 1e ©, = | (ote) SMER

34 scotti (Fieber) o °.

subgenus Vermicorixa Walton

35 lateralis (Leach) e e oe ec eee © oe e © ©

NAUCOROIDEA

Naucoridae

Naucorinae

Ilyocoris Stàl

36 cimicoides (Linnaeus) o e o e o o o o e e © ©

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB IB

Naucoris Geoffroy

*37 maculatus Fabricius Se oes 2 © Sa) desen =

Aphelocheiridae

Aphelocheirus Westwood

*38 aestivalis (Fabricius) Zi i 0 are Ole

NOTONECTOIDEA

Notonectidae

Notonectinae

Notonecta Linnaeus

39 glauca glauca Linnaeus

40 lutea Miller

41 maculata Fabricius

42 viridis Delcourt

43 obliqua Thunberg

*44 reuteri Hungerford

PLEOIDEA

Pleidae

Plea Leach

45 minutissima Leach e eee © © e e © e oe e

GERROMORPHA

MESOVELIOIDEA

Mesoveliidae

Mesovelia Mulsant & Rey

46 furcata Mulsant & Rey © =. © © ce) “ee OOK eN ©

HEBROIDEA

Hebridae

Hebrus Curtis

subgenus Hebrus s.s.

47 pusillus (Fallen) e e o e e e ee © e oe ©

subgenus Hebrusella Poisson

48 ruficeps (Thomson) e + oe © e © e © © e ee @

HYDROMETROIDEA

Hydrometridae

10 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

ERSGRSDREOM ELA GEMUTeNENZENZENNBMER

Hydrometra Latreille

49 gracilenta Horvth =. @ +6 © e @ @ ete Elie

50 stagnorum (Linnaeus) o e e e e e © oe © © ee ©

GERROIDEA

Veliidae

Veliinae

Velia Latreille

subgenus Plesiovelia Tamanini

51 caprai Tamanini 0 -.8 © © è © © vernemen e

*52 saulii Tamanini Le (Me

Microveliinae

Microvelia Westwood

*53 buenoi Drake = EL = #0 = er WE 2 O ©

*54 pygmaea (Dufour) Ee OO

55 reticulata (Burmeister) eo © © © © © © e © © © ©

Gerridae

Gerrinae

Gerris Fabricius

56 argentatus Schummel „eene 8 © è eneen je

57 gibbifer Schummel e — © +, = ©. e. ve) eg” neme

58 lacustris (Linnaeus) e e © © e © © © © e ©

*59 lateralis Schummel zee © ie ele

60 odontogaster (Zetterstedt) o © oe eo o e oe oe oe oe oe @

61 thoracicus Schummel e oe oe oe e o oe o o © @ ©

Aquarius Schellenberg

62 najas (De Geer) WW © + = © © © © Meo

63 paludum (Fabricius) e... (© è Korie Re

Limnoporus Stal

64 rufoscutellatus (Latreille) 0 «| © © = © eee 0...

LEPTOPODOMORPHA

LEPTOPODOIDEA

Saldidae

Chiloxanthinae

Chiloxanthus Reuter

65 pilosus (Fallén) © © vanen eee eee Noos

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

Saldinae

Saldini

Salda Fabricius

66 littoralis (Linnaeus) en, ©, 00. ©’ Biu ee) =

*67 morio (Zetterstedt) ie

*68 muelleri (Gmelin) Oe A TA RA TA

Chartoscirtini

Halosalda Reuter

69 lateralis (Fallen) © © = =. 6. = puis gr0i sco) —

Saldula Van Duzee

subgenus Macrosaldula Southwood & Leston

#70 scotica (Curtis) SF Sete Se SOS ee er SOTO

subgenus Saldula s.s.

*7] arenicola (Scholtz) Oe

*72 c-album (Fieber) Ca Li

*73 fucicola (Sahlberg)

*74 melanoscela (Fieber)

*75 opacula (Zetterstedt)

76 orthochila (Fieber)

77 pallipes (Fabricius)

*78 palustris (Douglas)

79 pilosella (Thomson)

80 saltatorıa (Linnaeus)

e © e e © © © |

e e © | |

e e ©

e e e e ee

e e e e © ©

Micracanthia Reuter

*81 marginalis (Fallen) OT en OR)

Chartoscirta Stàl

82 cincta (Herrich-Schffer) e e oe oe oe © © © © © © ©

83 cocksii (Curtis) e - e o _

*84 elegantula (Fallen) ze Online

CIMICOMORPHA

TINGOIDEA

Tingidae

Tinginae

Campylosteira Fieber

85 verna (Fallen) © 0 let le

Acalypta Westwood

86 carinata (Panzer) =) linko: Weal (ee Cu is Konst lun 0

87 gracilis (Fieber) Re SS ee E

*88 marginata (Wolff) BE ar Ge E Or MO EN arena

*89 musci (Schrank) ENT ES ES RES e

12 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

#90 nigrina (Fallen) ze ee Dar wer UU = uL_

91 parvula (Fallen) o. 0 = + © “e “e Too

*92 platycheila (Fieber) o % Se & 0. ef, OR

Dictyonota Curtis

93 fuliginosa (Costa) =* -® 60% + : = © emmen hmnee

94 strichnocera (Fieber) Li ennn © eter kene

Kalama Puton

95 tricornis (Schrank) è. = = = = © + © rotaie) te

Derephysia Spinola

subgenus Derephysia s.s.

96 foliacea (Fallén) è. — © © = ‘e è. enmenmene

Galeatus Curtis

*97 maculatus (Herrich-Schäffer) Se SN Se ee SME

Stephanitis Stal

98 oberti (Kolenati) en OO

99 rhododendri Horváth Lu Et Lie e ale

Lasiacantha Stâl

*100 capucina (Germar) 2% 2806 Ee

Tingis Fabricius

subgenus Tropidocheila Fieber

*101 reticulata (Herrich-Schäffer) =sheLet = © inferi mens

subgenus Neolasiotropis Wagner

*102 pilosa Hummel = & & & © |, “Aa eee ©

subgenus Tingis s.s.

103 ampliata (Herrich-Schäffer) e: ‘o ‘è ‘è © © ‘è e. =e vee

104 cardui (Linnaeus) o © e © o © © e e © oe e@

*105 crispata (Herrich-Schäffer) Ee eee

Catoplatus Spinola

106 fabricii (Stal) & ea. e fe; eee Te re

Physatocheila Fieber

*107 costata (Fabricius) LL. £8 Ee

*108 dumetorum (Herrich-Schäffer) ee I OO

*109 smreczynskii (China) ee @ O one

Oncochila Stal

*110 simplex (Herrich-Schaffer) ai ta. ne ee > — ©

Dictyla Stal

111 convergens (Herrich-Schäffer) è = © © = © © © ‘o’ oe nce

112 echii (Schrank) EO Ot 0, TO

113 humuli (Fabricius) een. ans: 0 een

Agramma Stephens

114 laetum (Fallen) o 2.0. = © © ‘e;i’e;ize zone

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FReGRI DR OV FL GE Ul NH ZE ZE NB) EB

MIROIDEA

Microphysidae

Loricula Curtis

115 bipunctata (Perris) ores ce KO = Je) er eme menne

116 elegantula (Bärensprung)

117 pselaphiformis Curtis © = © © — © “e; olmo re; eo

Myrmedobia Bärensprung

118 coleoptrata (Fallén) © Ze NO Tete; VO ON vei ee

*119 distinguenda Reuter = — - —

120 exilis (Fallen) nee ae Leraren hide

Miridae

Bryocorinae

Bryocorini

Monalocoris Dahlbom

121 filicis (Linnaeus) o e oe o - © e e e e oe ©

Bryocoris Fallén

122 pteridis (Fallen) u. ae ©

Deraeocorinae

Clivinematini

Bothynotus Fieber

*123 pilosus (Boheman) EO)

Deraeocorini

Deraeocoris Kirschbaum

subgenus Camptobrochis Fieber

124 lutescens (Schilling) Os LO ee OO OT o 0 0

#125 punctulatus (Fallén) - - - = = ®

subgenus Deraeocoris s.s.

*126 annulipes (Herrich-Schäffer) ot =, 0 ee

127 cordiger (Hahn) HU I

*128 flavilinea (Costa) - = =

129 olivaceus (Fabricius) - = =

130 ruber (Linnaeus) oe t=

*131 scutellaris (Fabricius) - - +

132 trifasciatus (Linnaeus) - - 6

Alloeotomus Fieber

133 germanicus Wagner enter oe) oo) rene

134 gothicus (Fallén) e = © & = © © en è annie o

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Phylinae

Phylini

Lopus Hahn

decolor (Fallén)

Oncotylus Fieber

punctipes Reuter

viridiflavus (Goeze)

Conostethus Fieber

griseus (Douglas & Scott)

roseus (Fallén)

venustus (Fieber)

Hoplomachus Fieber

thunbergi (Fallén)

Megalocoleus Reuter

2 molliculus (Fallén)

3 pilosus (Schrank)

Amblytylus Fieber

albidus (Hahn)

brevicollis Fieber

nasutus (Kirschbaum)

Macrotylus Fieber

paykullii (Fallén)

solitarius (Meyer-Dür)

Orthonotus Stephens

rufifrons (Fallén)

Harpocera Curtis

thoracica (Fallén)

Tytthus Fieber

geminus (Flor)

pygmaeus (Zetterstedt)

Brachyarthrum Fieber

limitatum Fieber

Phylus Hahn

coryli (Linnaeus)

melanocephalus (Linnaeus)

palliceps (Fieber)

Plesiodema Reuter

pinetella (Zetterstedt)

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE

NB LB

o e

- e@

o) =

- ®@

Zale

e e

o e

eo e

SIRO

eo e

she

o e

e eo

er =

o oe

158

159

160

*161

162

165

164

165

166

167,

168

169

170

171

117?

1175)

174

175

176

178

179

*180

181

*182

2183

184

185

*186

187

188

AUKEMA:

Psallus Fieber

subgenus Apocremnus Fieber

betuleti (Fallén)

subgenus Mesopsallus Wagner

ambiguus (Fallén)

subgenus Phylidea Reuter

quercus (Kirschbaum)

subgenus Hylopsallus Wagner

assimilis Stichel

perrisi (Mulsant & Rey)

pseudoplatani Reichling

variabilis (Fallén)

wagneri Ossiannilsson

subgenus Psallus s.s.

albicinctus (Kirschbaum)

confusus Rieger

falleni Reuter

flavellus Stichel

haematodes (Gmelin)

lepidus Fieber

mollis (Mulsant & Rey)

salicis (Kirschbaum)

varians (Herrich-Schäffer)

subgenus Pityopsallus Wagner

luridus Reuter

Compsidolon Reuter

subgenus Coniortodes Wagner

salicellus (Herrich-Schäffer)

Phoenicocoris Reuter

obscurellus (Fallén)

Atractotomus Fieber

magnicornis (Fallén)

mali (Meyer-Dür)

parvulus Reuter

Plagiognathus Fieber

subgenus Poliopterus Wagner

albipennis (Fallén)

litoralis Wagner

subgenus Plagiognathus s.s.

alpinus (Reuter)

arbustorum (Fabricius)

chrysanthemi (Wolff)

fulvipennis (Kirschbaum)

subgenus Parapsallus Wagner

vitellinus (Scholtz)

Chlamydatus Curtis

subgenus Euattus Kerzhner

pulicarius (Fallén)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

16 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB IB

189 pullus (Reuter) a8 ei, ©. Degree

subgenus Chlamydatus s.s.

190 saltitans (Fallen) e - e e ee è o oe oo oe @

subgenus Eurymerocoris Kirsch-

baum

*191 evanescens (Boheman) BEE NN DO. OOO

Monosynamma Scott

*192 bohemanni (Fallen) ei = .© == © = eten enmenme

193 maritimum Wagner © = dre + (58 ennen

*194 sabulicola Wagner = = + = © © Vier

Campylomma Reuter

*195 annulicorne (Signoret) a= 6 2 © © © 0

196 verbasci (Meyer-Dür) zé © + - © „elit MO

Criocoris Fieber

*197 crassicornis (Hahn) e > Zie

*198 sulcicornis (Kirschbaum) pe We de

Salicarus Kerzhner

199 roseri (Herrich-Schäffer) 2 © = ne © © 6,0.) 0 tete e

Sthenarus Fieber

200 rotermundi (Scholtz) 0 slee © © © © Mere “ae

Asciodema Reuter

*201 obsoletum (Fieber) In 0 070 Oo

Hallodapini

Hallodapus Fieber

*202 rufescens (Burmeister) = = © © =| er a = —

Systellonotus Fieber

203 triguttatus (Linnaeus) EEE OO

Cremnocephalus Fieber

*204 albolineatus Reuter sn © _ 0 =

Dicyphinae

Macrolophus Fieber

205 nubilus (Herrich-Schäffer) LE et © Lele @ 0

Dicyphus Fieber

subgenus Dicyphus s.s.

*206 constrictus (Boheman) 2 = en wl dE

207 epilobii Reuter O = 0 e: e è je, enge

208 errans (Wolff) so 2 ie var © té eee ee

209 pallidus (Herrich-Schäffer) ROO hole

subgenus Idolocoris Douglas & Scott

OS ne

210 pallicornis (Meyer-Dür) © %-. © Je =" ee

211

212

2115)

228

*229

230

AUKEMA:

subgenus Brachycerea Fieber

annulatus (Wolff)

globulifer (Fallén)

Campyloneura Fieber

virgula (Herrich-Schäffer)

Orthotylinae

Pilophorini

Hypseloecus Reuter

visci (Puton)

Pilophorus Hahn

cinnamopterus (Kirschbaum)

clavatus (Linnaeus)

confusus (Kirschbaum)

perplexus (Douglas & Scott)

Halticocorini

Halticus Hahn

apterus (Linnaeus)

luteicollis (Panzer)

saltator (Geoffroy)

Strongylocoris Blanchard

leucocephalus (Linnaeus)

luridus (Fallén)

Pachytomella Reuter

parallela (Meyer-Diir)

Orthocephalus Fieber

coriaceus (Fabricius)

saltator (Hahn)

Orthotylini

Reuteria Puton

marqueti Puton

Malacocoris Fieber

chlorizans (Panzer)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

Fieberocapsus Carvalho & Southwood

flaveolus (Reuter)

Cyllecoris Hahn

histrionicus (Linnaeus)

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Dryophilocoris Reuter

flavoquadrimaculatus (De Geer)

Globiceps Le Peletier & Serville

subgenus Paraglobiceps Wagner

2 flavomaculatus (Fabricius)

fulvicollis cruciatus Reuter

subgenus Globiceps s.s.

sphegiformis (Rossi)

Heterocordylus Fieber

genistae (Scopoli)

leptocerus (Kirschbaum)

tibialis (Hahn)

tumidicornis (Herrich-Schäffer)

Heterotoma Le Peletier & Serville

planicornis (Pallas)

Blepharidopterus Kolenati

angulatus (Fallén)

diaphanus (Kirschbaum)

Orthotylus Fieber

subgenus Pinocapsus Southwood

fuscescens (Kirschbaum)

subgenus Orthotylus s.s.

flavinervis (Kirschbaum)

marginalis Reuter

nassatus (Fabricius)

prasinus (Fallén)

tenellus (Fallén)

virens (Fallén)

viridinervis (Kirschbaum)

subgenus Litocoris Fieber

ericetorum (Fallén)

subgenus Neopachylops Wagner

adenocarpi (Perris)

concolor (Kirschbaum)

virescens (Douglas & Scott)

subgenus Melanotrichus Reuter

flavosparsus (Sahlberg)

moncreaffi (Douglas & Scott)

rubidus (Fieber)

Pseudoloxops Kirkaldy

coccineus (Meyer-Diir)

Cyrtorhinus Fieber

caricis (Fallén)

Neomecomma Southwood

bilineatum (Fallén)

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE

NB LB

e © © = = e ®

= = e = = = ©

= = = = ©

® © © ® © = ®

à = = = = = ©

® © © © = e e

® © © ® ® = ©

= = © = ® = =

= = e = e =

e © e ® © = ©

® = e = = ® ©

*260

*261

262

AUKEMA:

Mecomma Fieber

subgenus Mecomma s.s.

ambulans (Fallén)

Mirinae

Pithanini

Myrmecoris Gorski

gracilis (Sahlberg)

Pithanus Fieber

maerkelii (Herrich-Schäffer)

Mirini

Lygus Hahn

adspersus (Schilling)

gemellatus (Herrich-Schäffer)

maritimus Wagner

pratensis (Linnaeus)

rugulipennis Poppius

wagneri Remane

Liocoris Fieber

tripustulatus (Fabricius)

Orthops Fieber

basalis (Costa)

campestris (Linnaeus)

kalmii (Linnaeus)

Pinalitus Kelton

atomarius (Meyer-Dür)

cervinus (Herrich-Schäffer)

rubricatus (Fallén)

viscicola (Puton)

Plesiocoris Fieber

minor Wagner

rugicollis (Fallén)

Lygocoris Reuter

subgenus Lygocoris s.s.

pabulinus (Linnaeus)

subgenus Neolygus Knight

contaminatus (Fallén)

populi Leston

viridis (Fallén)

subgenus Apolygus China

limbatus (Fallén)

lucorum (Meyer-Diir)

rhamnicola (Reuter)

spinolae (Meyer-Diir)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE

NB LB

Ere

o oe

e e

Zu |

e e

eo e

e e

e ©

e e

o e

. e

oo.

.e e

=. ©

3 di

e e

eo e

- e@

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Agnocoris Reuter

reclairei Wagner

rubicundus (Fallén)

Camptozygum Reuter

aequale (Villers)

Polymerus Hahn

subgenus Poeciloscytus Fieber

palustris (Reuter)

unifasciatus (Fabricius)

2 vulneratus (Panzer)

subgenus Polymerus s.s.

holosericeus Hahn

nigrita (Fallén)

Charagochilus Fieber

gyllenhalii (Fallén)

Dichrooscytus Fieber

intermedius Reuter

rufipennis (Fallén)

Miris Fabricius

striatus (Linnaeus)

Hadrodemus Fieber

m-flavum (Goeze)

Calocoris Fieber

subgenus Trichocalocoris Wagner

pilicornis (Panzer)

schmidtii (Fieber)

subgenus Rhabdomiris Wagner

striatellus (Fabricius)

subgenus Closterotomus Fieber

biclavatus (Herrich-Schäffer)

fulvomaculatus (Villers)

subgenus Calocoris s.s.

affinis (Herrich-Schäffer)

norvegicus (Gmelin)

roseomaculatus (De Geer)

Adelphocoris Reuter

quadripunctatus (Fabricius)

lineolatus (Goeze)

seticornis (Fabricius)

ticinensis (Meyer-Diir)

Megacoelum Fieber

2 beckeri (Fieber)

infusum (Herrich-Schäffer)

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

314

316

#17

318

319

320

321

322

323

*324

325

326

327

3928

329

330

2532

339

*334

358

*336

Do)

338

250)

340

*341

AUKEMA:

Stenotus Jakovlev

binotatus (Fabricius)

Miridius Fieber

quadrivirgatus (Costa)

Phytocoris Fallén

subgenus Phytocoris s.s.

dimidiatus Kirschbaum

intricatus Flor

longipennis Flor

pini Kirschbaum

populi (Linnaeus)

reuteri Saunders

tiliae (Fabricius)

subgenus Ktenocoris Wagner

insignis Reuter

singeri Wagner

ulmi (Linnaeus)

varipes (Boheman)

Capsus Fabricius

ater (Linnaeus)

pilifer Remane

wagneri Remane

Pantilius Curtis

tunicatus (Fabricius)

Capsodes Dahlbom

gothicus (Linnaeus)

sulcatus (Fieber)

Stenodemini

Acetropis Fieber

carinata (Herrich-Schäffer)

gimmerthalii (Flor)

Stenodema Laporte

subgenus Brachystira Fieber

calcarata (Fallén)

trispinosa Reuter

subgenus Stenodema s.s.

holsata (Fabricius)

laevigata (Linnaeus)

virens (Linnaeus)

Notostira Fieber

elongata (Geoffroy)

Megaloceroea Fieber

recticornis (Geoffroy)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

22. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

Trigonotylus Fieber

*342 caelestialium (Kirkaldy) eo © © eee eee e oe ©

343 psammaecolor Reuter EO Oes

344 pulchellus (Hahn) zie = © = © © Rene

*345 ruficornis (Geoffroy) o + o e oe e e e o è. e

Teratocoris Fieber

346 antennatus (Boheman) e = + = =. © Le renten mormel ec

*347 paludum Sahlberg ==]. 6@@2 © (eae

*348 saundersi Douglas & Scott SM Lie = = = > © Relea

Leptopterna Fieber

349 dolobrata (Linnaeus) en nette _ © (uao

350 ferrugata (Fallén) CC 0. o e o ee e e e

Isometopinae

Isometopus Fieber

*35] intrusus (Herrich-Schäffer) ziet = © + meme

CIMICOIDEA

Nabidae

Prostemmatinae

Prostemmatini

Prostemma Laporte

*352 guttula (Fabricius) D © = ©

Nabinae

*Nabini

Himacerus Wolff

353 apterus (Fabricius) o e © e ei eier ©

Aptus Hahn

354 mirmicoides (Costa) e e © © = è è. 0e 50. eer ©

Anaptus Kerzhner

355 major (Costa) 9 (e (00 8 © e eetmenmen e

Stalia Reuter

*356 boops (Schiödte) evet - © © „erelkkemieme

Nabicula Kirby

subgenus Limnonabis Kerzhner

357 lineatus (Dahlbom) o © “e te © © © veren emmeme

subgenus Dolichonabis Reuter

358 limbatus (Dahlbom) e ee ee © © eee © e

subgenus Nabicula s.s.

359 flavomarginatus (Scholtz) o e o oe _ e © eo o © oo @

AUKEMA:

Nabis Latreille

brevis Scholtz

ericetorum Scholtz

ferus (Linnaeus)

pseudoferus Remane

rugosus (Linnaeus)

Anthocoridae

365

*366

367

*368

#369

2370

372

215)

*374

DII

376

378

*380

381

*382

583

384

*385

386

387

*388

Anthocorinae

Anthocorini

Temnostethus Fieber

gracilis (Horvath)

longirostris (Horvath)

pusillus (Herrich-Schäffer)

Elatophilus Reuter

nigricornis (Zetterstedt)

Anthocoris Fallén

amplicollis Horváth

butleri Le Quesne

confusus Reuter

gallarumulmi De Geer

limbatus Fieber

minki minki Dohrn

nemoralis (Fabricius)

nemorum (Linnaeus)

pilosus (Jakovlev)

sarothamni Douglas & Scott

simulans Reuter

visci Douglas

Tetraphleps Fieber

bicuspis (Herrich-Schäffer)

Acompocoris Reuter

alpinus Reuter

pygmaeus (Fallén)

Oriini

Orius Wolff

subgenus Orius s.s.

niger (Wolff)

subgenus Heterorius Wagner

laticollis (Reuter)

majusculus (Reuter)

minutus (Linnaeus)

vicinus (Ribaut)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

389

390

391

992

>95

3094

395

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Lyctocorinae

Lyctocorini

Lyctocoris Hahn

campestris (Fabricius)

Xylocorini

Xylocoris Dufour

subgenus Proxylocoris Carayon

galactinus (Fieber)

subgenus Xylocoris s.s.

cursitans (Fallén)

formicetorum (Boheman)

Cardiastethini

Brachysteles Mulsant & Rey

parvicornis (Costa)

Cardiastethus Fieber

fasciiventris (Garbiglietti)

Dufouriellus Kirkaldy

ater (Dufour)

Scolopini

Scoloposcelis Fieber

pulchella (Zetterstedt)

Cimicidae

>97

398

5299)

*400

*401

Oeciacus Stâl

hirundinis (Lamarck)

Cimex Linnaeus

lectularius Linnaeus

columbarius Jenyns

dissimilis (Horváth)

pipistrelli Jenyns

REDUVOIDEA

Reduviidae

*402

403

404

Emesinae

Empicoris Wolff

baerensprungi (Dohrn)

culiciformis (De Geer)

vagabundus (Linnaeus)

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE

NB LB

o e

sure

o e

o ©

*405

406

*407

*408

*409

*410

AUKEMA:

Stenopodainae

Pygolampis Germar

bidentata (Goeze)

Reduviinae

Reduvius Fabricius

personatus (Linnaeus)

Harpactorinae

Rhynocoris Hahn

annulatus (Linnaeus)

Coranus Curtis

subapterus (De Geer)

woodroffei Putshkov

Phymatinae

Phymata Latreille

crassipes (Fabricius)

PENTATOMORPHA

ARADOIDEA

Aradidae

411

*412

413

*414

*415

*416

Aradinae

Aradus Fabricius

cinnamomeus (Panzer)

corticalis (Linnaeus)

depressus (Fabricius)

signaticornis Sahlberg

Aneurinae

Aneurus Curtis

avenius (Dufour)

laevis (Fabricius)

PIESMATOIDEA

Piesmatidae

417

*418

*419

Piesma Le Peletier & Serville

maculatum (Laporte)

quadratum (Fieber)

salsolae (Becker)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

COROIDEA

Berytidae

420

421

422

423

*424

425

426

427

*428

Berytinae

Berytinus Kirkaldy

subgenus Berytinus s.s.

clavipes (Fabricius)

hirticornis (Brullé)

minor (Herrich-Schäffer)

subgenus Lizinus Mulsant & Rey

crassipes (Herrich-Schäffer)

montivagus (Meyer-Dür)

signoreti (Fieber)

Neides Latreille

tipularius (Linnaeus)

Metacanthinae

Gampsocoris Fuss

punctipes (Germar)

Metatropis Fieber

rufescens (Herrich-Schäffer)

Lygaeidae

*429

*430

Lygaeinae

Lygaeus Fabricius

equestris (Linnaeus)

Spilostethus Stäl

saxatilis Scopoli

Orsillinae

Nysius Dallas

subgenus Macroparius Stàl

helveticus (Herrich-Schäffer)

subgenus Nysius s.s.

ericae (Schilling)

thymi (Wolff)

subgenus Tropinysius Wagner

senecionis (Schilling)

Ortholomus Stàl

punctipennis (Herrich-Schäffer)

Orsillus Dallas

depressus Dallas

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

= = = = = © = = = ® = ©

= = = = = © = = = © e

= = © = = ® © © © ® e ©

= = = = = = = = = ® > =

® = = = = = = ® © ® = ©

= = = © = = e

? = = = = = = = = = = ®

= = = = = = = = = = = ©

*437

438

#459

*440

441

442

*443

444

*445

446

*447

*448

*449

*450

451

452

AUKEMA:

Ischnorhynchinae

Kleidocerys Stephens

privignis Horvath

resedae (Panzer)

truncatulus ericae (Horvath)

Cyminae

Cymus Hahn

aurescens Distant

claviculus (Fallén)

glandicolor Hahn

melanocephalus Fieber

Blissinae

Ischnodemus Fieber

sabuleti (Fallén)

Geocorinae

Geocoris Fallén

ater (Fabricius)

grylloides (Linnaeus)

megacephalus (Rossi)

Oxycareninae

Metopoplax Fieber

ditomoides (Costa)

Oxycarenus Fieber

modestus (Fallén)

Tropidophlebia Kerzhner

costalis (Herrich-Schäffer)

Artheneinae

Chilacis Fieber

typhae (Perris)

Heterogastrinae

Heterogaster Schilling

urticae (Fabricius)

Rhyparochrominae

Plinthisini

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

28 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB IB

Plinthisus Stephens

453 brevipennis (Latreille) è = © © = è © + el etre 1e

*454 pusillus (Scholtz) RC. LO =

Antillocorini

Tropistethus Fieber

*455 holosericeus (Scholtz) Et ee N = ©

Drymini

Drymus Fieber

subgenus Drymus s.s.

*456 latus Douglas & Scott Mena nn = ede

*457 pilicornis (Mulsant) leo e «= sel. 8S S00 See

subgenus Sylvadrymus Le Quesne

458 brunneus (Sahlberg) ee + © è + © © ‘olio mono

*459 pumilio Puton = = == enfin *e

*460 ryeii Douglas & Scott o e oe e oe e o o e e oe ©

461 sylvaticus (Fabricius) e - © e e o © eo o © e ©

Eremocoris Fieber

462 abietis (Linnaeus) e. = = = = © “©, Se nhemtenmen te

463 plebejus (Fallen) è. + — © è © {feet} tes ©

*464 podagricus (Fabricius) + OO = ©

Gastrodes Westwood

465 abietum Bergroth e - @© - - + © © zuende

466 grossipes (De Geer) e - © e © o o o e oo e ©

Ischnocoris Fieber

467 angustulus (Boheman) CCC OS, — OO

Lamproplax Douglas & Scott

*468 picea (Flor) © 2. & = + et = _ O

Scolopostethus Fieber

469 affinis (Schilling) e e © oe e e o © oe © ee ©

470 decoratus (Hahn) ee = © © © © © © “el ele

471 pictus (Schilling) Eee o + ee © oo

*472 pilosus (Reuter) Ber VE ve ARIES”

*473 pseudograndis Wagner Eee

474 puberulus Horvath = = =< ee (ee

475 thomsoni Reuter e + e © e e o © © © oe @

Taphropeltus Stal

476 contractus (Herrich-Schäffer) L Mi. Me 4m = “è. © Toniolo nmionine

*477 hamulatus (Thomson) - © - @

Stygnocorini

Acompus Fieber

478 rufipes (Wolff) = © © © = © ‘ee (eee

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

Lasiosomus Fieber

*479 enervis (Herrich-Schäffer) Se ee

Stygnocoris Douglas & Scott

480 fuligineus (Geoffroy) 0. = -e: © è. © ee e we ©

481 rusticus (Fallén) è =. 2 +, © de! “eee 'erthel.:e

482 sabulosus (Schilling) è: © © © =, © è enj eenen ie

Myodochini

Pachybrachius Hahn

483 fracticollis (Schilling) © = le © = © © eee

*484 luridus Hahn = Ta ie VOO ORNE ENEN =

Rhyparochrominae

Rhyparochromini

Aellopus Wolff

*485 atratus (Goeze) weise Ey ee PE a lea

Beosus Amyot & Serville

486 maritimus (Scopoli) o e + + + e e

Graptopeltus Stàl

487 lynceus (Fabricius) Oene er 0) ne) le Terre

Peritrechus Fieber

*488 angusticollis (Sahlberg)

489 geniculatus (Hahn)

*490 lundii (Gmelin) Coltan alia =

491 nubilus (Fallen) © = ve: =

Rhyparochromus Hahn

492 phoeniceus (Rossi) OH en SD LO. © One nie ©

493 pini (Linnaeus) è... Lo =" OO Kermi Mi mken 6

Raglius Stàl

*494 alboacuminatus (Goeze) SSS ie

Xanthochilus Stàl

495 quadratus (Fabricius) et CAM LS Te. © el ijt Mierde

Megalonotini

Megalonotus Fieber

*496 antennatus (Schilling) e ene. Te

497 chiragra (Fabricius) ®

498 dilatatus (Herrich-Schäffer) en

499 praetextatus (Herrich-Schäffer)

*500 sabulicola (Thomson)

Sphragisticus Stal

501 nebulosus (Fallen) e e o o oe © © e © © ©

502

*503

*504

505

506

507

508

509

2510

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Gonianotini

Aphanus Laporte

rolandri (Linnaeus)

Emblethis Fieber

griseus (Wolff)

verbasci (Fabricius)

Gonianotus Fieber

marginepunctatus (Wolff)

Macrodema Fieber

microptera (Curtis)

Pionosomus Fieber

varius (Wolff)

Pterotmetus Fieber

staphiliniformis (Schilling)

Trapezonotus Fieber

arenarius (Linnaeus)

desertus Seidenstücker

dispar Stal

Pyrrhocoridae

Pyrrhocoris Fallén

apterus (Linnaeus)

Stenocephalidae

253013

*514

Dicranocephalus Hahn

agilis (Scopoli)

medius (Mulsant & Rey)

Coreidae

DIL]

518

519

Coreinae

Gonocerus Latreille

acuteangulatus (Goeze)

juniperi Herrich-Schäffer

Enoplops Amyot & Serville

scapha (Fabricius)

Coreus Fabricius

marginatus (Linnaeus)

Syromastus Berthold

rhombeus (Linnaeus)

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE

NB LB

o e

et =

.e oe

DIO

2,3

eo eo

SRO)

= lo

eo e@

. e

e e

SAI

2522

525)

AUKEMA:

Spathocera Stein

dahlmannii (Schilling)

Pseudophloinae

Arenocoris Hahn

fallenii (Schilling)

waltlii (Herrich-Schäffer)

Bathysolen Fieber

nubilus (Fallén)

Ceraleptus Costa

lividus Stein

Coriomeris Westwood

denticulatus (Scopoli)

Alydidae

526

Alydus Fabricius

calcaratus (Linnaeus)

Rhopalidae

Rhopalinae

Rhopalini

Liorhyssus Stal

hyalinus (Fabricius)

Corizus Fallén

hyoscyami (Linnaeus)

Rhopalus Schilling

subgenus Rhopalus s.s.

parumpunctatus Schilling

subrufus (Gmelin)

subgenus Aeschyntelus Stal

maculatus (Fieber)

Chorosomatini

Myrmus Hahn

miriformis (Fallén)

Chorosoma Curtis

schillingi (Schilling)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE

NB LB

e e

pio,

e e

o e

eo e

e e

= (®

. e

o oe

e e

>il

32 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

Maccevethini

Stictopleurus Stàl

*534 abutilon abutilon (Rossi) = 2 4 4 © Sirene

*535 punctatonervosus (Goeze) ze Æ =. © Ste

PENTATOMOIDEA

Cydnidae

Sehirinae

Legnotus Schioedte

536 limbosus (Geoffroy) 0. 5 592 32 © © ermee

537 picipes (Fallén) eo. = © = = © = ele ee

Sehirus Amyot & Serville

subgenus Tritomegas Amyot & Ser-

ville

538 bicolor (Linnaeus) © © © = © © ere mememe

subgenus Adomerus Mulsant & Rey

539 biguttatus (Linnaeus) Ss © © + + ee mie de

subgenus Sehirus s.s.

540 luctuosus Mulsant & Rey ® = = = = © © @ oz

#54] morio (Linnaeus) *. a £& oo & Se ae

Cydninae

Aethus Dallas

42 flavicornis (Fallen) EL O = =

3 nigrita (Fallén) ORO OO OO

Cydnus Fabricius

*544 aterrimus (Forster) = a ka (La ee Ro

Thyreocoridae

Thyreocoris Schrank

545 scarabaeoides (Linnaeus) OCR OO

Scutelleridae

Odontoscelis Laporte

546 fuliginosa (Linnaeus) TO O 10

#547 lineola (Rambur) eee Ye OO OO en

Phimodera Germar

*548 humeralis (Dalman) Oe

Eurygaster Laporte

#549 austriaca (Schrank) Sa ses ar ee emmen = 0

550 maura (Linnaeus) 2 ae = Me

551 testudinaria (Geoffroy) = 2 2 £ fa, © © ‘© Eee

AUKEMA:

Pentatomidae

552

553

554

III

556

558

220)

*560

#562

563

*564

509

#566

Don

568

569

570

Podopinae

Graphosoma Laporte

lineatum (Linnaeus)

Podops Laporte

inuncta (Fabricius)

Pentatominae

Sciocoris Fallén

cursitans (Fabricius)

Aelia Fabricius

acuminata (Linnaeus)

klugii Hahn

Neottiglossa Kirby

pusilla (Gmelin)

Eysarcoris Hahn

aeneus (Scopoli)

fabricii (Kirkaldy)

Rubiconia Dohrn

intermedia (Wolff)

Holcostethus Fieber

sphacelatus (Fabricius)

vernalis (Wolff)

Palomena Mulsant & Rey

prasina (Linnaeus)

viridissima (Poda)

Chlorochroa Stal

juniperina (Linnaeus)

pinicola (Mulsant & Rey)

Carpocoris Kolenati

fuscispinus (Boheman)

purpureipennis (De Geer)

Dolycoris Mulsant & Rey

baccarum (Linnaeus)

Piezodorus Fieber

lituratus (Fabricius)

Pentatoma Olivier

rufipes (Linnaeus)

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

FREGREDREOV FER GEZUNZNEEZHTZEINBETB

34 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

FR GR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZE NB LB

Eurydema Laporte

*572 dominulus (Scopoli) ee en en Rene

573 oleracea (Linnaeus) 0. = @ = è è (open

*574 ventralis (Kolenati) Spa & & & & Zen

Amyotinae

Picromerus Amyot & Serville

575 bidens (Linnaeus) o o oe e o e e oe e o o ©

Arma Hahn

576 custos (Fabricius) ZI = © © © © ee eee Lie

Troilus Stâl

577 luridus (Fabricius) è" — © © ‘+ © ‘© © eo. = we we

Rhacognathus Fieber

578 punctatus (Linnaeus) ers. è te = © 6. © emtheumene

Jalla Hahn

*579 dumosa (Linnaeus) ee Be en LO

Zicrona Amyot & Serville

580 caerulea (Linnaeus) e + e e © oe o e e _ e o.

Acanthosomatidae

Acanthosomatinae

Acanthosoma Curtis

581 haemorrhoidale (Linnaeus) ® . 0 © © © ©) selon e

Cyphostethus Fieber

582 tristriatus (Fabricius) è © + = emerson

Elasmostethus Fieber

583 interstinctus (Linnaeus) © © © ° © © © ©, Net Moie

Elasmuchinae

Elasmucha Stàl

584 ferrugata (Fabricius) Ren OO

585 fieberi (Jakovlev) e

586 grisea (Linnaeus) e e oe © e e © © o © © @

AUKEMA:

Fig. 2. Micronecta scholtzi. Symbols on this and following

maps: open circles: recorded before 1930 only; small dots:

recorded between 1930 and 1960; large dots: recorded

since 1960; ?: doubtful record.

Fig. 3. Micronecta minutissima.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 35

REMARKS

2. Pachycoleus waltli

References. - Reclaire (1936: 256, as P. rufescens Sahl-

berg; 1940: 113).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Spaubeek (Reclaire

1936); Wijlre (Reclaire 1940).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Noorbeek, iii-

half.iv.1960, 1 6,2 Q and 1 larva, Br. Arnoud; Ravensbos,

13.1x.1961, R. H. Cobben; Herkenbosch, Meijnweg,

16.ix.1961, R. H. Cobben; Elsloo, 11.v. 1967, P. J. Brak-

man (RML) & P. Poot.

5. Micronecta scholtzi (fig. 2)

Synonym: M. meridionalis Costa (Jansson 1986).

References. - Reclaire (1932: 235; 1940: 115, as mert-

dionalis Costa; 1943: 121); Nieser (1982: 61-62, as me-

ridionalis).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Nijmegen (Nieser

1982). ® Utrecht: Abcoude, 13.vii.1936, G. Kruseman

(ZMA) (Reclaire 1943). ® Z-Holland: Leiden (Reclaire

1932); Warmond, Poelsmeer, D. C. Geijskes (Reclaire

1940). ® Zeeland: Kwadendamme, 28.vi.1977 (DI) (Nie-

ser 1982; !EIS); Nisse, 28.vi.1977 (DI) (Nieser 1982;

lEIS).

Unpublished records. - ® Overijssel: Zwolle, Schelle,

5.vi.1988, B. Aukema. ® Gelderland: Lobith, 18.v.1959

(K.W.R. Zwart); Wageningen, 11.ix.1971, R. H. Cobben;

Lienden, 28.vii.1981, K. den Bieman; Hemmen,

29.v.1985, B. Aukema; Wamel, 16.ix.19, K. den Bieman;

Winterswijk, Italiaanse Meren, 25.vii.1986, D. J. Hermes.

Kamer, 29.vii.1985, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra. ®

Zeeland: ‘s-Gravenpolder, 28.vii & 5.x.1976, DI, N.

Tramper; Nisse, 30.vii.1976, DI, N. Tramper; Ibid., 8.iii

& 28. vi.1977, DI, I. J. Weeber; Ibid., 27.vii & 11.x.1978,

DI, S. van der Boog; Zuiddorpe, 2.vii.1981, DI, B. Krebs;

Rilland, 29.ix.1988, ZW, H. Mosterdijk; Aardenburg, 1

locality, Axel, 7 localities, Hontenisse, 1 locality, Hulst, 5

localities and Oostburg, 2 localities, 1986-1988, ZW, H.

Mosterdijk; © N-Brabant: Drunen, Zeedijk, 28. vii. 1981,

Nieser et al. (!EIS). © Limburg: Echt, 27.viii.1975, E. J.

van Nieukerken (RML).

6. Micronecta minutissima (fig. 3)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 235); Nieser (1982: 62).

Published records. - ® Overijssel: Ommen, vi.1916, D.

MacGillavry (ZMA) (Reclaire 1932; 1943, as M. powers).

veen (Nieser 1982). ® Z-Holland: Voorne (Nieser 1982);

claire 1932).

Unpublished records. - ® Groningen: Haren,

S.vi.1976, Beerta, 8.vi.1988, Winschoten, 8.vi.1988, B.

Aukema. ® Drenthe: Zuidlaren, vii.1956, A. J. Besseling

(K. W. R. Zwart, RML, ZMA, P). ® Overijssel: Zwolle,

Schelle, 5.vi.1988, B. Aukema. ® Gelderland: Lobith,

1959.v.18 (K. W. R. Zwart); Lienden, 3.vii.1972, R. H.

Cobben; Ubbergen, Groenlanden, 1.vi.1974, E. J. van

Nieukerken (RML); Echteld, Ochten, 8.vii.1975, B. Drost

36 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

(N). ® Z-Holland: Tienhoven, 21.v.1981, N. Nieser et al.

(!EIS). ® N-Brabant: Drunen, Zeedijk, 28.vii.1981, N.

Nieser et al. (!EIS). ® Limburg: Roermond, 6.viii.1946,

R. H. Cobben (Reclaire 1951, as M. powers).

7. Micronecta poweri

References. — Reclaire (1943: 121); Nieser (1982: 62-

63).

Published records. - © Overijssel: Oud-Ootmarsum,

28.v.1966, N. Nieser (Nieser 1982; !EIS). © Gelderland:

Winterswijk, 15-21.vi.1921, 1 4, 1 9, P. van der Wiel

(ZMA) (Reclaire 1943). © N-Brabant: Oirschot, vii.1908,

D. MacGillavry (ZMA) (Reclaire 1932, as M. minutis-

sima; 1943).

Present status. — Very rare, not recorded since 1966.

22. Sigara selecta (fig. 4)

References. - Fokker (1891: 360); Duffels (1962); Hi-

gler & Duffels (1965: 109); Krebs (1982).

Note. - The records from Hilversum, Bergen op Zoom

and Halsteren in Reclaire (1932: 229) concern other

species (Reclaire 1943; Duffels 1962).

Published records. — ® Friesland: Terschelling (Duffels

1962; Higler & Duffels 1965). ® Z-Holland: Ouddorp,

Kwade Hoek, Brielse Meer (Krebs 1982). ® Zeeland:

Zierikzee (Fokker 1891; Duffels 1962), Yer-seke (Duffels

1962); Schouwen-Duiveland, 8 localities, Tholen, 1 loca-

lity, Noord-Beveland, 2 localities, Walcheren, 1 locality,

Zuid-Beveland, 5 localities, Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, 2 locali- Fig. 4. Sigara selecta.

ties (Krebs 1982).

Unpublished records. — © Friesland: Terschelling,

Striep, 22-24.viii.1962, J. H. Woudstra (W, BE). ® Zee-

land: Ellewoutsdijk, 11.vii.1987, B. Aukema.

24. Sigara hellensii (fig. 5)

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 357);

Reclaire (1932: 230; 1936: 257; 1943: 121; 1948: 52);

Nieser (1982: 69).

Published records. — ® Gelderland: Leuvenum, Nun-

speet (Reclaire 1932); Arnhem, Warnsborn (Reclaire

1943); Hierdense Beek, Ellecom, Middachten (Nieser

1969; 1982). ® N-Brabant: Breda (Snellen van Vollenho-

ven 1878). ® Limburg: Belfeld (Reclaire 1936); Maasniel

(Reclaire 1948).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Leuvenum,

Hierdense Beek, 25-26.vii. 1961 & 3.viii. 1961, J. Beernink

& J. H. Woudstra; Oosterbeek, Hemelse Berg, 6.iv.1960,

R. H. Cobben.

32. Sigara iactans

References. - Cuppen (1988).

Published records. - ® Groningen: Midwolda (Cuppen

1988).

Unpublished records. — ® Groningen: Midwolda, 8 &

10.vi.1988 (7 À), 18.x.1988 (16 4), B. Aukema; Winscho-

ten, 8.vi.1988, 1 8, B. Aukema.

33. Sigara longipalis (fig. 6)

References. — Nieser (1982: 71).

Published records. — ® Overijssel: Oud-Ootmarsum

(Nieser). ® N-Brabant: Drunen, 15.vii.1981; Kaatsheu- Fig. 5. Sigara hellensti.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 37

vel, 18.viii.1981; De Moer, 12.viii.1981 (Nieser 1982;

IETS);

Unpublished records. - ® Groningen: Beerta,

8.vi.1988, 1 6, B. Aukema. © Drenthe: Beilen, Hijken,

14.iv.1974, 1 6, E. J. van Nieukerken (RML). ® Overijs-

sel: Ootmarsum, 15.vii.1974, 1 & at light, B. Aukema. ®

Utrecht: Eemnes, 14.ix.1988, R. Beenen (N). ® N-Bra-

bant: Hilvarenbeek, Beeksche Bergen, 20.vii.1985, 6 8, J.

Sparreboom (RML).

37. Naucoris maculatus (fig. 7)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 225; 1940: 114); Grave-

stein (1942: lviii); Nieukerken (1972).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Vinkeveen (Grave-

stein 1942). e Z-Holland: Nieuwkoop (Van Nieukerken

1972). © N-Brabant: Oisterwijk (Reclaire 1932); Berli-

cum (Reclaire 1940).

Unpublished records. - ® Z-Holland: Noorden, De

Haeck, 26.iv.1969, N. Nieser (!EIS); Ibid, 10 &

25.viii.1974, B. Aukema; Ibid., 1.ix.1974, B. Aukema & J.

Beernink; Tienhoven, 13.x.1984, F van Nunen & R.

Beenen (P).

38. Aphelocheirus aestivalis (fig. 8)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 225; 1948: 51); Moller

Pillot (1971: 140).

Published records. — ® Overijssel: Oldenzaal (Reclaire

: ; re 1932). @ N-Brabant: Gilze-Rijen, Aa-gebied (Reclaire

Fig. 6. Sigara longipalis. 1932); Boxtel (Reclaire 1948); Dommelen (Moller Pillot

1971). ® Limburg: Mook, Heijen, Afferden (Reclaire

1932).

Unpublished records. — © N-Brabant: Spoordonk,

IF Beerze, 26.viii.1964, N. Nieser (!EIS).

Pe?

A 44. Notonecta reuteri (fig. 9)

References. — Schober & Wassenaar (1980); Nieser

A (1982: 56).

Ô Note. - The specimens from Hoog-Buurlo, Gerritsfles

(20-23.vii. 1918, 2 9, M. Weber, coll. ZMA) recorded in

Reclaire (1932: 227) as N. lutea belong to this species.

Published records. - © Friesland: Terschelling, Vlie-

land (Schober & Wassenaar 1980). ® Drenthe: Beilen,

Dwingeloo, Havelte (Schober & Wassenaar 1980). ® Gel-

: derland: Hoog-Buurlo, Gerritsfles (Schober & Wassenaar

@-®@ | 1980); Buren (Nieser 1982).

ee | Unpublished records. — © Friesland: Terschelling,

Kroonpolders, 5.viii.1970, G. Visser (W). ® Overijssel:

Denekamp, Bergvennen, 2.vii.1970, 2 6, B. Aukema. ®

Drenthe: Ruinen, Kraloërplas, 22.ix.1984, 3 8, 4 9,

5 | 23.ix.1984, 1 &, 1 9, B. Aukema; Dwingeloo, IJsbaan,

| 23.ix.1984, 11 6, 2 9, 12.x.1984, 4 3, B. Aukema; Wijster,

| Meeuwenven, 2.x.1984, 2 g, 3 9, B. Aukema.

52. Velia saulii

References. - Van Nieukerken (1976).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Bunde, Cotessen,

Epen, Wittem (Van Nieukerken 1976).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Winterswijk,

Bekendelle, 5.v.1980, 1 9, K. den Bieman. ® Limburg:

Epen, Geul & Beversbeek, 4 & 5.v.1980, in large numbers,

Fig. 7. Naucoris maculatus. B. Aukema.

38 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 8. Aphelocheirus aestivalis. Fig. 9. Notonecta reutert.

Fig. 10. Microvelia buenoi. Fig. 11. Gerris lateralis.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 39

53. Microvelia buenoi (fig. 10)

Synonym: M. #mbricola Wróblewski (Kanyukova 1986).

References. - Higler (1962, as M. #mbricola; 1967a);

Laeijendecker & Nieser (1971: 11, as zmbricola), Nieu-

kerken (1972, as umbricola); Nieukerken & van Tol

(1972, as umbricola); Van der Velde (1973, as #mbricola);

Cuppen (1978, as wmbricola), Giesen & Geurts (1985, as

umbricola).

Published records. - © Overijssel: Vollenhove, Dwars-

gracht (Higler 1962); Belt Schutsloot (Cuppen 1978). ®

Gelderland: Winterwijk (Laeijendecker & Nieser 1971);

Nijmegen, Hatertse- and Overasseltse vennen (Cuppen

1978); Doesburg, Eldrik, Gendringen, Hummelo, Hoog-

Keppel, Silvolde (Giesen & Geurts 1985). © N-Holland:

Kortenhoef (Higler 1962). ® Z-Holland: Nieuwkoop

(Nieukerken 1972); Schipluiden (Van der Velde 1973);

Schoonrewoerd, Everdingen (Cuppen (1978). ® Lim-

burg: Nederweert, Groote Peel (Higler 1967a; Nieuker-

ken & van Tol 1972); Meerlo-Wanssum, Geijsteren,

Horst, Mariapeel, Helden (Cuppen 1978).

Unpublished records. - ® Overijssel: Kalenberg, De

Weerribben (J. H. Woudstra; B. Aukema). ® Gelderland:

Driel (S. van Heijnsbergen, W); Wamel, Korenburger-

veen (K. den Bieman); Hemmen (B. Aukema); Buren (N.

Nieser et al., 'EIS). © Utrecht: Leersum (K. den Bieman);

Rhenen, Blauwe Kamer (B. Aukema); Westbroek (K. W.

R. Zwart, P). ®© N-Holland: Kortenhoef (P. van der Wiel,

ZMA; R. H. Cobben; J. H. Woudstra). ® N-Brabant:

Woudrichem, Loevestein (R. H. Cobben); Zundert (J. H.

Woudstra); Asten, Capelle, Drunen, Udenhout, Wern-

hout (N. Nieser et al., !EIS); Liessel (P. Poot). ® Limburg:

Leeuwen (P. van der Wiel, ZMA).

Fig. 12. Saldula scotica.

54. Microvelia pygmaea

References. - Reclaire (1940: 114)

Published records. - ® Limburg: Afferden, 14.ix.1935,

1 9, A. Reclaire (ZMA) (Reclaire 1940).

Unpublished records. - ® N-Brabant: Deurne, Mari-

apeel, Helenavaart, 30.ix.1983 (apterous @), 26.ix.1986

(apterous 9) & 26.ix.1987 (2 apterous 4), J. G. M. Cup-

pen; Ibid., Helenaveen, Helenavaart, 3.x.1986 (apterous

Q), J. G. M. Cuppen.

59. Gerris lateralis (fig. 11)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 217, as G. asper Fieber);

Cobben (1946: 58, as asper); Laeijendecker & Nieser

(1971: 11).

Published records. — © Gelderland: Winterswijk,

Meddo (Laeijendecker & Nieser 1971). ® N-Brabant:

Uden (Reclaire 1932). ® Limburg: Weert (Reclaire

1932); St. Odiliënberg (Cobben 1946).

Unpublished records. — ® Overijssel: Kalenberg,

Weerribben, 19.iv.1984, B. Aukema. ® Gelderland: Sta-

verden, 6.v.1969, micropterous 9, P. H. van Doesburg

(RML); Winterswijk, 15.iv.1979, micropterous 6, Seijs-

termans (ZMA). ® N-Brabant: Liempde, De Geelders,

9.x.1965, 13 & 15.v.1966, J. H. Woudstra; ibid., 17 &

28.vii.1966, B. Aukema; Best, 16.v.1985, 1 macropterous

9, B. Aukema.

Fig. 13. Saldula arenicola.

40 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

67. Salda morio

References. — Reclaire (1932: 221).

Published records. — © Overijssel: Deventer,

20.vi.1910, macropterous 9, Klaassen (ZMA); Dene-

kamp, viii.1916, brachypterous 9, Koperberg (ZMA);

ibid., v.1918, Sth instar larva, D. MacGillavry (ZMA).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1918.

68. Salda muelleri

References. - Brakman (1960: 23).

Published records. — ® Zeeland: Hoofdplaat, 24.v-

28.vi.1959, P. J. Brakman, in large numbers, 2 macro-

pterous Q included (RML, ZMA, LUW, AU, P).

Unpublished records. — ® Friesland: Ameland, Oerd,

4.vii-18.viii.1985 & 31.viii.1986, Th. Heijerman; Ter-

schelling, Lies, 11.vii.1988, 1 9 & 12.vii.1988, 1 4, B.

Aukema.

70. Saldula scotica (fig. 12)

References. — Fokker (1884: 31; 1891: 358); Reclaire

(19825 2215 Osis Zl),

Present status. — Locally common in the southeast

(Limburg, Noord-Brabant and Gelderland) on stony ri-

versides.

71. Saldula arenicola (fig. 13)

References. — Fokker (1891: 358); Reclaire (1932:

223); Cobben (1950: 83; 1957: 255).

Published records. — © Friesland: Terschelling,

vii.1908 (1 8) & viii.1912 (2 @, 1 9), D. MacGillavry

(ZMA). ® Overijssel: Oldenzaal, vii.1906, 1 9, D. Mac-

Gillavry (ZMA). ® Gelderland: Velp, vii.1908, 1 4, D.

MacGillavry (ZMA). ® Z-Holland: Hoek van Holland, v,

E. Everts (RML).

Present status. - Locally common on sandy riversides

in the southeast (Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Gelderland

and Utrecht), elsewhere occasionally on sandy shores

along isolated smaller waterbodies.

72. Saldula c-album

References. - Cobben (1950: 83; 1957: 253).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Plasmolen,

22.vii.1949, 1 9, RH. Cobben (Cobben 1950); Eijsden,

vii, 1 6, E. Everts (RML) (Cobben 1957).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Epen, Cottessen,

in large numbers along De Geul, 8.viii.1983 &

16.viii.1986, Th. Heijerman; Ibid., 22.viii.1987, B. Au-

kema.

73. Saldula fucicola (fig. 14)

References. - Cobben (1950: 83, as S. vestita Douglas

& Scott; 1957: 252-253).

Present status. - Widespread and common along river-

sides and in the recently reclaimed Flevopolders.

74. Saldula melanoscela (fig. 15)

References. — Fokker (1884: 131, as Salda melanoscela;

1891: 358); Reclaire (1932: 222); Woudstra (1971).

Published records. — ® Friesland: Terschelling, Bos-

plaat (Woudstra 1971). ® Gelderland: Vorden (Fokker

Fig. 14. Saldula fucicola.

Fig. 15. Saldula melanoscela.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 41

1884). © Limburg: Eijsden (Fokker 1891), Valkenburg:

(Reclaire 1932).

Unpublished records. — © Friesland: Terschelling, Bos-

plaat, 19.viii.1971 & Ibid., Noordvaarder, 2.ix.1984, J. H.

Woudstra; Schiermonnikoog, Strandvlakte, 17.v, 11 &

12.vii and 15.ix.1972, A. Littel (AU, CB). ® Groningen:

Lauwersmeer, Ulrum, 11.iv & 10.v.1981, B. Aukema.

75. Saldula opacula (fig. 16)

References. — Reclaire (1940: 114); Cobben (1957:

253-255; 1959: 310-311).

Note. - The record from Zeeburg in Reclaire (1932)

concerns $. pallipes (Reclaire 1948: 51).

Published records. — ® Utrecht: Leersum (Reclaire

1940). ® Z-Holland: Oostvoorne (Cobben 1957). ® Lim-

burg: Heel, Horn (Cobben 1957).

Unpublished records. - ® Friesland: West-Vlieland, 8-

9.viii.1956, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Terschelling, Grilt-

jeplak, 24.viii.1954 (CB). ® Drenthe: Assen, 28.vi.1930,

1 9, H. C. Blöte (RML); Dwingeloo, 1.ix.1932, 1 9

(RML); Ibid., 2.vii.1967, S. van Heijnsbergen (W); Wij-

ster, IJsbaan, 6-12.ix.1975 & 15.iv.1981, B. Aukema; Ibid.,

Taaiveen, 26.iv.1976, B. Aukema; Ibid., Vossenberg,

24.vii.1984, B. Aukema; Spier, Kibbelhoek & Moddergat,

17.1v.1977, B. Aukema; Dwingeloo, Diepveen,

16.vi.1977, B. Aukema; Norg, Norgerholt, 24.vii.1977, B.

Aukema. ® Overijssel: Diepenveen, 13-14.vii.1967, 1 Q,

J. J. Meurer (ZMA). ® Gelderland: Delense Zand,

23.11.1952, 1 g, (CB); Gerritsfles, 16.iv.1959 (CB); Ha-

tertse Vennen, 25.x.1964, S. J. van der Molen (CB); Ton-

geren, 16.iv.1983, K. den Bieman (HE, BI). ® N-Holland:

Texel, de Geul, 29. viii.1974, 1 6, B. Aukema. © Limburg:

Horn, 6.iv.1963, R. H. Cobben.

Fig. 16. Saldula opacula.

78. Saldula palustris (fig. 17)

References. - Cobben (1957: 255).

Present status. - Widespread, coastal.

81. Micracanthia marginalis (fig. 18)

References. - Fokker (1899: 35, as Salda marginalis);

Cobben (1957: 255-256, as M. imitator (L.); 1959: 311-

312).

Note. - The record of Denekamp (Reclaire 1932: 223)

concerns S. saltatoria (Reclaire 1950: 22).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Lochem, Winters-

wijk (Fokker 1899). ® Limburg: Horn (Cobben 1957).

Unpublished records. — © Friesland: Terschelling,

Hoorn, 12-13.viii.1965, J. H. Woudstra, Ibid,

23.viii.1965, J. Beernink; Ibid, Oosterend, 11-

19.viii. 1966, B. Aukema; Ibid., 13.vii. 1969, J. H. Woud-

stra. ® Gelderland: Staverden, 22.viii.1981, A. C. & W. N.

Ellis (ZMA). ® N-Brabant: Rul, 8.vi.1959, J.H. Woudstra

(W, BE, P).

84. Chartoscirta elegantula

References. - Reclaire (1932: 224; 1948: 51); Cobben

(1957: 256-257).

Published records. - © N-Holland: Diemen (Reclaire

1932). ® Limburg: Swalmen (Reclaire 1948); St. Odilién-

Fig. 17. Saldula palustris. berg (Cobben 1957).

42 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Present status. - Not recorded since 1958: St. Odilién-

berg, 16.viii, R. H. Cobben (ZMA).

88. Acalypta marginata (fig. 19)

Note. — Older data on A. marginata, A. nigrina and A.

platycheila are not reliable since these species were often

misidentified in the past.

References. - Reclaire (1932: 127; 1936: 249; 1948:

43); Aukema (1983).

Published records. - © Limburg: Valkenburg (Reclaire

1936); Terblijt (Reclaire 1948); Stokhem (Aukema

1983).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Schaarsbergen,

21.vii.1955, R. H. Cobben. ® Utrecht: Leersum,

12.v.1979, 1 g, K. den Bieman. ® N-Holland: Hilversum,

18.v.1985, R. Ph. Jansen (ZMA, JA); Ibid, 2v &

10.v.1986, J. H. Woudstra, 5.v.1986, B. Aukema &

31.v.1986, K. den Bieman. ® Limburg: Maastricht,

vi.1894 (RML) (Reclaire 1932, as platychila); Linne,

25.v.1944, 1 g, R. H. Cobben (Reclaire 1948, as nigrina).

89. Acalypta musci

References. — Reclaire (1932: 126; 1934: 51).

Published records. — Valkenburg, Houthem (Reclaire

1932, 1934).

Present status. - Collected between 1923 and 1943 on

the same locality.

90. Acalypta nigrina (fig. 20)

Note. - older data are unreliable (see marginata and

platycheila).

References. - Reclaire (1932: 127; 1936: 249-250).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Groesbeek, Leuve-

num (Reclaire 1936).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Kraloo,

22.vii.1959, 22.vi.1960, 28.vi & 2.viii.1961, 25.vii. 1962,

17.vi & 22.vii.1964, 11 & 18.viii.1965 & 24.viii.1966, P. J.

den Boer (BSW). © Gelderland: Eerbeek, v.1916, 1 9, D.

L. Uyttenboogaart (ZMA) (Reclaire 1932, as marginata);

Wageningen, Oostereng, ix.1949, 1 9, J. van der Drift

(RML). ® Utrecht: Driebergen (Reclaire 1932, as nigrina

and marginata). ® N-Holland : Hilversum, 13.vi.1965,

M. J. Gijswijt (W); Ibid., 22.viii-4.x.1986, R. Ph. Jansen

(JA, W, ZMA).

92. Acalypta platycheila (fig. 21)

Note. — older data are unreliable (see marginata and

nigrina).

References. - Reclaire (1932: 127; 1943: 110; 1948:

43).

Published records. — ® Drenthe: Assen (Reclaire

1948).

Unpublished records. — ® Friesland: Terschelling, Bos-

plaat, 15.vii.1958, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ameland,

Oerd, 18.viii.1985, Th. Heijerman. ® Drenthe: Lhee-

broek, 29.vi, 13 & 20.vii.1960, P.J. den Boer (BSW, ZMA);

Wijster, IJsbaan, 11.vi.1976, B. Aukema. ® Gelderland:

Winterswijk, 22.ix.1941, A. Reclaire & Pvan der Wiel

(ZMA) (Reclaire 1943, as nigrina); Bennekom, 16-17.vi

& 8.vii.1956, R. H. Cobben.

Fig. 18. Micracanthia marginalis.

Fig. 19. Acalypta marginata.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 43

97. Galeatus maculatus

References. - Fokker (1884: 124).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Wageningen, 1 3,

J. Ritzema Bos (RML) (Fokker 1884).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1884.

100. Lasiacantha capucina

References. - Reclaire (1936: 250).

Published records. - © Limburg: Bemelen, 26 &

27.iv.1935, M. van den Boorn & A. M. Scholte (Reclaire

1936).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Bemelen, 2.v.1935

& 16.iv.1936, M. van den Boorn (NMM); Ibid., 1.vi.1944,

M. van den Boorn (P); Ibid, 6.viti.1948, 30.vi &

23.vit.1950, P. van der Wiel (ZMA); Ibid., 30.vi.1950, C.

Berger (P).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1950.

101. Tingis reticulata

References. - Fokker (1884: 124, as Monanthia ciliata

Fieber); Reclaire (1932: 131-132; 1936: 250; 1948: 43);

Cobben (1958: 16)

Published records. - © Gelderland: Wageningen (Cob-

ben 1958). © N-Holland: Bloemendaal (Fokker 1884). ®

Z-Holland: Meijendel (Reclaire 1932); Wassenaar (Re-

claire 1936). ® N-Brabant: Breda, Liesbos (Reclaire

1948).

Fi AET Se Unpublished records. - ® N-Holland: Santpoort, Duin

ig. 20. Acalypta nigrina. en Kruidberg, 18.v, 27.vi, 3 & G.viii.1974, B. Aukema,

23.v.1974 & 19.v.1975, J. H. Woudstra & 21.11.1976 &

17.iv.1981, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra. ® Z-Holland:

Meijendel, Bierlap, 3.x.1944, 1 9, M. van den Boorn (P).

102. Tingis pilosa

References. — Reclaire (1932: 132; 1940: 109); Blöte

(1954: 84).

Published records. - ® Z-Holland: Noordwijk (Re-

claire 1932). ® Limburg: Schin op Geul (Reclaire 1940);

Eijsden (Blöte 1954).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Cottessen, 26 &

30.viii. 1968, J. H. Woudstra; Ibid, 12 & 17.viii.1971,

10.1x.1973, B. Aukema, 17.viii.1974, B. Aukema & J. Beer-

nink; Stramproij, 11.vi.1984, K. den Bieman.

105. Tingis crispata

References. - Aukema (1976).

Published records. - © Limburg: Maastricht, St. Pie-

tersberg (Aukema 1976).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht, St.

Pietersberg, 29.iv, 8-11.viii & 2.ix.1983, B. Aukema; Ibid.,

15.x.1984, B. van Aartsen (ZMA). ® N-Brabant: Best,

4.vi.1983 & 19.v.1984, B. Aukema & J. H.Woudstra,

16.v.1985, B. Aukema & H. W. van der Wolf.

107. Physatocheila costata

References. — Cobben (1958a: 10-12, as gwadrimacu-

lata).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Haelen (Nunhem),

Maasniel, Susteren (Cobben 1958).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1951: Susteren,

Fig. 21. Acalypta platycheila. 2.vill, R. H. Cobben (CB, AU).

44 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 22. Physatocheila dumetorum. Fig. 23. Physatocheila smreczynskit.

Fig. 24. Deraeocoris punctulatus. Fig. 25. Deraeocoris annulipes.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 45

et 108. Physatocheila dumetorum (fig. 22)

Present status. - Formerly a widespread species, but

recorded only twice since 1957 from the province of

Zeeland: Oostkapelle, 8.ix.1962 & Vrouwenpolder,

14.ix.1962, P. J. Brakman (P).

109. Physatocheila smreczynskii (fig. 23)

References. - Cobben (1958: 10-12).

Note. - Most old records of P. quadrimaculata (Reclaire

1932, 1934, 1936, 1943, 1948 & 1951) concern this spe-

cies.

Present status. - Widespread.

110. Oncochila simplex

References. - Reclaire (1932: 134); Cobben (1958a: 12-

14).

Published records. - ® Overijssel: Deventer, viii.1912,

Klaassen (Reclaire 1932). ® Limburg: Rijkel, 7.vi.1953,

1 9, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ibid., 2-7.viii.1955, in

numbers, R. H. Cobben (Cobben 1958a).

Unpublished records. — © Gelderland: Winssen,

31.v.1981, 1 &, Th. Heijerman; Ibid., 14.v.1982, 1 6, K.

den Bieman; Ibid, 29.v & 13.vii.1985, 19.v.1986,

el 24.v.1987 & 2.v.1988, B. Aukema.

119. Myrmedobia distinguenda

Fig. 26. Deraeocoris scutellaris. References. - Fokker (1899: 35); Reclaire (1932: 156).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Rheden, De Steeg

(Fokker 1899); Putten, Leuvenum (Reclaire 1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1913: Leuvenum,

9.vi, 1 9, D. MacGillavry (ZMA).

123. Bothynotus pilosus

References. - Fokker (1891: 359); Reclaire (1936: 254;

1948: 47).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Den Dolder (Reclaire

1936). ® Gelderland: Groesbeek (Reclaire 1936). ® N-

Brabant: Breda (Reclaire 1948). ® Limburg: locality un-

known (Fokker 1891).

Unpublished records. - © N-Brabant: Liempde, De

Geelders, 14.vi.1966, 1 macropterous @, at light, B. Au-

kema.

125. Deraeocoris punctulatus (fig. 24)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 176; 1936: 254; 1943:

115; 1948: 47; 1951: 15); Meurer (1957: 95); Brakman

(1960: 21).

Present status. — Formerly widespread, but recorded

only once since 1960: Limburg, Vlodrop, 20.viii. 1968, 1

6, P. J. Brakman (P).

126. Deraeocoris annulipes (fig. 25)

References. - Cobben (1958a: 21-22).

Present status. - Widespread, but rare.

128. Deraeocoris flavilinea f. nov. spec.

Since 1985 recorded from Arnhem, Nijmegen and Wa-

geningen from common maple (Acer campestre L.) and

Fig. 27. Oncotylus punctipes. sycamore (A.pseudoplatanus L.).

46 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Records. — ® Gelderland: Wageningen, 13-20.vi.1985,

16.vi-6.vii.1987 & 2.vi.1988, B. Aukema (6.vii.1987: B.

Aukema & J. H. Woudstra); Ibid., 5.vi.1986, K. den Bie-

man; Arnhem, 16.vi.1985, B. Aukema; Nijmegen, 16.vi-

5.vii.1985, 22.vi.1986, 28.vi-11.ix.1987 & 21.vi-1.vii.1988,

B. Aukema.

131. Deraeocoris scutellaris (fig. 26)

References. — Fokker (1899: 35, as Capsus scutellaris).

Published records. — ® Limburg: Venlo (Fokker 1899).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Hooghalen, vi-

vii 1944, E. A. M. Speijer (RML); Kraloo, 17.vii.1966, 1

®, P.J. den Boer (BSW); Westerbork, 3.x.1968, 1 9, J. B.

Wolschrijn (ZMA); Wijster, 2, 12-13 & 28.vii.1975, 15-

16, 20.vi & 26.vii.1978, B. Aukema; Nuil, 6.viii.1975, B.

Aukema; Beilen, 27.vi.1983, 1 9, B. van Aartsen (ZMA);

Dwingeloo, 25.viii.1984, B. van Aartsen (W). © Overijs-

sel: Diepenveen, 13-14.vii.1967, J. J. Meurer (ZMA). ©

Gelderland: Terlet, 1.1x.1979, B. Aukema: Ibid,

20.vi.1982, B. van Aartsen (ZMA). Ede, Ginkelse Heide,

3.vii.1985, 1 g, B. Aukema.

136. Oncotylus punctipes (fig. 27)

References. — Fokker (1891: 360); Reclaire (1932:

200); Gravestein (1949: xxiv).

Published records. - € Overijssel: Denekamp (Grave-

stein 1949). ® Gelderland: Arnhem (Fokker 1891);

Warnsveld (Reclaire 1932).

Unpublished records. - ® Overijssel: Vasse, 2.vii.1970,

B. Aukema; Ibid, 8.vii. 1972, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra;

Ibid, 14.vii.1972 & Ootmarsum, 5.vii.1970, J. H. Woud-

Stra. © Limburg: Swalmen, 1.viii.1980, B. Aukema;

Venlo, 3.viii. 1983, J. H. Woudstra & B. Aukema.

157. Oncotylus viridiflavus

References. — Brakman (1951); Cobben (1953: 194-

196; 1958: 20).

Published records. - © Zeeland: Nieuw & St. Joosland

(Brakman 1951). ® Gelderland: Valburg (Cobben 1953);

Wageningen (Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. - ® Zeeland: Vrouwenpolder,

15.viii.1955, P. J. Brakman (P); Nisse, 22.viii.1960, 1 é,

P. J. Brakman (RML).

159. Conostethus roseus (fig. 28)

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 162-

163, as Lopus subpatellatus nov. spec); Fokker (1885:

70); Aukema (1988).

Published records. - ® Drenthe: Noordsleen (Aukema

1988). ® Flevoland: Biddinghuizen (Aukema 1988). e

Gelderland: Velp (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878); Ede

(Fokker 1885; Aukema 1988); 't Harde, Hulshorst, Koot-

wijk, Otterlo, Hoge Veluwe, Tongeren (Aukema 1988). ®

N-Holland: Hilversum (Aukema 1988). ® Limburg: Vel-

den (Aukema 1988).

Unpublished records. — © Overijssel: Ommen,

3.vi.1987, B. Aukema & D. J. Hermes; Ibid., 4.vi.1988, B.

Aukema & G. Morseld. ® Gelderland: Wekeromse Zand,

1.v.1988, larvae, B. Aukema.

Fig. 28. Conostethus roseus.

Fig. 29. Conostethus venustus.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 47

140. Conostethus venustus (fig. 29)

References. - Aukema (1988). '

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Remmerden, Rhenen

(Aukema 1988). ® Gelderland: Heelsum, Loenen aan de

Waal (Aukema 1988). ® Zeeland: Veere, Vlissingen,

Westkapelle, Wissenkerke (Aukema 1988). ® Limburg:

Broekhuizenvorst, Lomm, Lottum, Maastricht, Meche-

len, Oost-Maarland, Schandelo, Strucht, Tienray, Velden,

Venlo, Wijlre (Aukema 1988).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Berg en Dal,

22.vi & 21.viii.1986, K. den Bieman; Ubbergen, Ooijsche

Graaf, 16.vii.1987, B. Aukema; Millingen aan de Rijn,

16.vii.1987, B. Aukema; Doorwerth, Duno, 26.vi &

9.vii.1988, B. Aukema; Wageningen, 15.viii.1988, B. Au-

kema.

141. Hoplomachus thunbergi (fig. 30)

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 216-

217, as Lygus thunbergti), Fokker (1885: 70); Reclaire

(1932: 200-201; 1940: 112; 1943: 117).

Present status. — Formerly widespread, but not recor-

ded since 1951: N-Brabant, Wouw, 17.vi.1951, R. H.

Cobben (LUW).

145. Amblytylus brevicollis

References. - All records in Fokker (1885: 69) and

Reclaire (1932: 202) concern A. nasutus (Reclaire 1936:

Fig. 30. Hoplomachus thunbergi. 255-256).

Unpublished records. — © Gelderland: Wolfheze,

8.vii.1882, 1 9, A. J. F Fokker (RML); Vierhouten,

23.vii.1962, 1 9, J. Beernink (det. E. Wagner).

148. Macrotylus solitarius (fig. 31)

References. — Reclaire (1943: 118); 1948: 49; 1951:

19); Blöte (1954: 83); Cobben (1958: 20).

Published records. - © Limburg: Bemelen (Reclaire

1943); Maasniel, Boukoul (Reclaire 1948); Geulhem (Re-

claire 1951); Maastricht (Blöte 1954); Asselt (Cobben

1958).

Unpublished records. - ® N-Brabant: Liempde, De

Geelders, 23.vii.1966, B. Aukema; Best, De Mortelen,

31.vii.1977, H. W. van der Wolf (ZMA). ® Limburg:

Berg, 16.viii.1961, J. H. Woudstra; Bemelen, 20.vii.1965,

J. H. Woudstra; Vijlen, 21.vii.1965, J. H. Woudstra;

Wijlre, 6 & 12.viii. 1983, B. Aukema.

151. Tytthus geminus f. nov. spec.

Records. - ® Drenthe: Wijster, IJsbaan, 12.1x.1975, 1

brachypterous 9, B. Aukema.

152. Tytthus pygmaeus (fig. 32)

References. - Fokker (1885 : 67, as Cyrtorrhinus pyg-

maeus).

Published records. - © Zeeland: Renesse (Fokker

1885).

Unpublished records. — ® Friesland: Vlieland.

viii. 1956, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Terschelling, Ooster-

end, 27.vii.1958 & 5-12.vii.1959, W. H. Gravestein

(ZMA); Ibid., 19.viii.1963 & 12.viii.1964, J. H. Woudstra;

Fig. 31. Macrotylus solitarius. Ibid., 12.viti.1964, J. Beernink. Ibid, Noordvaarder,

48 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 32. Tytthus pygmaeus. Fig. 33. Psallus pseudoplatani.

Fig. 34. Psallus wagneri (males). Fig. 35. Psallus confusus (males).

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 49

23.viii.1963, J. H. Woudstra; Ibid., Hoorn, 15.viii.1969;

Ibid., Koegelwieck, 2-3.viii.1987, B. Aukema; Ibid., 12 &

14.vii.1988, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra. ® Drenthe:

Dwingeloo, 23.vi.1976, 1 9, B. Aukema; Norg, Norger-

holt, 24.viii.1977, B. Aukema. ® Overijssel: Kalenberg,

Weerribben, 2.viii.1965, 1 9, J. Beernink. ® Flevoland:

Lelystad, 1.vii.1986, 1 9, B. Aukema. ® Gelderland: Hoge

Veluwe, 3.viii.1983, 1 6, R. Ph. Jansen. ® Zeeland: Vlis-

singen, 16.vii.1986 & Westkapelle, 25.vii. 1986, B. Au-

kema.

153. Brachyarthrum limitatum f. nov. spec.

Recorded since 1980 from aspen (Populus tremula L.).

Records. - ® Gelderland: Doorwerth, Duno, 26-27.vi

& 9.vii.1988, B. Aukema & G. Morseld. © Limburg:

Venlo, 17.vi.1980 & 10.vi.1982, B. van Aartsen (ZMA);

Ibid., 23-25.vi.1981, 13, 15 & 17.vi.1982, B. Aukema;

Lomm, Ravenvennen, 8-9.vi.1982, B. Aukema & J. H.

Woudstra; Lottum, 14 & 16.vi.1982, B. Aukema.

161. Psallus assimilis

References. - Aukema (1986).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht, Meche-

len, Wittem (Aukema 1986).

Present status. - Collected in 1985 only.

163. Psallus pseudoplatani (fig. 33)

Fig. 36. Psallus salicis. References. - Aukema (1986).

Published records. - ® Drenthe: Meppel (Aukema

1986). ® Gelderland: Arnhem, Ede, Nijmegen, Ooster-

beek, Wageningen (Aukema 1986). ® N-Holland : Zaan-

dam (Aukema 1986). ® Limburg: Eygelshoven, Maas-

tricht, Mechelen (Aukema 1986).

Present status. - Widespread, collected since 1976.

165. Psallus wagneri (fig. 34)

References. - Aukema (1981).

Present status. - Widespread.

167. Psallus confusus (fig. 35)

Synonym: P. diminutus auct. nec Kirschbaum (Rieger

1981).

References. - Aukema (1989).

Present status. - Widespread.

172. Psallus mollis

Synonym: P. diminutus Kirschbaum (Rieger 1981).

References. - Aukema (1989).

Published records. - © Overijssel: Delden (Aukema

1988). © N-Brabant: Breda (Aukema 1988).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Doorwerth, 26-

27.vi & 9.vii.1988, B. Aukema.

173. Psallus salicis (fig. 36)

Synonym: P. alnicola Douglas & Scott (Rieger 1981).

References. - Reclaire (1943: 118, as a/nicola); Cobben

(1958: 20, as alnicola).

Note. - Nearly all the older records of P. salicis (as P.

alnicola) are based on misidentifications.

Fig. 37. Atractotomus parvulus. Published records. - € Gelderland: Hall, 18.viii.1939,

50 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 38. Plagiognathus litoralis. Fig. 39. Plagiognathus alpinus.

Fig. 40. Plagiognathus fulvipennis. Fig. 41. Chlamydatus evanescens.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera Si

1 ®, A. Reclaire (ZMA) (Reclaire 1943). ® Limburg:

Melick-Herkenbosch, viii.1947 & viii.1952, R. H. Cobben

(Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. - ® Friesland: Terschelling,

West-Terschelling, 30.viii.1986, J. H. Woudstra. ® Gel-

derland: Doorwerth, 22.viii.1985, B. Aukema; Renkum,

29.viii.1987, 1 9, K. den Bieman; Wageningen,

30.vii.1986, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra. ® Utrecht:

Loosdrecht, 22.vii.1959, J. H. Woudstra; Kamerik,

10.viii.1974, B. Aukema. ® N-Holland: Amsterdam, 1-

19.viti.1974, B. Aukema; Zaandam, 9.viii.1974 & 5-

6.viii.1975, J. Beernink; Westzaan, 10.viii.1986, J. H.

Woudstra. © Z-Holland: Noorden, De Haeck,

24.vii.1974, B. Aukema; Middelharnis, 27.viii.1968, 1 8,

P. Vroegindeweij (RML). © N-Brabant: Made,

29.viii.1987, 1 9, K. den Biemans; Liessel, 9.ix.1987, B.

Aukema.

180. Atractotomus parvulus (fig. 37)

References. - Reclaire (1943); Meurer (1957: 92).

Note. - The specimen recorded by Cobben (1958: 20)

belongs to A. magnicornis.

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Elden (Reclaire

1943). © Utrecht: Baarn (Reclaire 1943). © N-Holland:

Laren (Reclaire 1943); Heemstede (Meurer 1957). ©

Limburg: Mook (Reclaire 1943).

Unpublished records. - © Drenthe: Dwingeloo,

à i 19.vii.1949, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA). ® Gelderland:

Fig. 42. Monosynamma sabulicola. Schaarsbergen, viii.1968, H. Klomp et al. (CB). ® N-

Holland: Zaandam, 20.vii.1973 & 17.viii.1981, J. H.

Woudstra; Santpoort, 6.viii.1974, B. Aukema. © N-Bra-

bant: Herpen, 31.viii.1962, S. van Heijnsbergen (W).

182. Plagiognathus litoralis (fig. 38)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 210-211, as P. fusciloris);

Gravestein (195 la); Brakman (1960: 21).

Present status. - Widespread, coastal.

183. Plagiognathus alpinus (fig. 39)

References. - Fokker (1885: 71); Reclaire (1936: 256;

19571220)

Published records. - ® Limburg: Valkenburg (Fokker

1885); Geulle (Reclaire 1936); Geulhem, Wijnandsrade,

Haelen, St. Odiliënberg, Beek, Meerssen (Reclaire 1951).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Camerig, Epen,

Vijlen (J. H. Woudstra); Slenaken (P. Poot); Cottessen (J.

H. Woudstra & B. Aukema); Holset, St. Geertruid (B.

Aukema).

186. Plagiognathus fulvipennis (fig. 40)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 211; 1940: 113; 1943: 19;

1951: 20).

Present status. - Many older records, but only one

recent capture: Ootmarsum, Springendal, 24.vii.1971, 2

6, J. H. Woudstra.

191. Chlamydatus evanescens (fig. 41)

References. - Cobben (1960: 195-205).

Fig. 43. Campylomma annulicorne. Present status. - Widespread.

52 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

192. Monosynamma bohemanni

Synonym: M. nigritulum (Zetterstedt) (Josifov 1961).

194. Monosynamma sabulicola (fig. 42)

References. — Stichel (1956: 357, no records given).

Unpublished records. — ® Flevoland: Lelystad (H. Val-

lenduuk (ZMA); B. Aukema). ® Gelderland: Elden (A.

Reclaire A. J. Winkelman (ZMA)); Doornenburg, Epe,

Tolkamer, Valburg (B. Aukema); Wageningen (B. Au-

kema & J. H. Woudstra); Lienden (K. den Bieman). ®

Utrecht: Zeist (K. den Bieman). ® N-Holland: Hilver-

sum (Reclaire ZMA). ® Z-Holland: Gorinchem (P.

Poot). ® N-Brabant: Biesbos (B. v. Aartsen, M. Koning

(ZMA); R. H.Cobben). ® Limburg: Arcen (W. H. Gra-

vestein); Asselt (W. H. Gravestein; B. Aukema); Echt (P.

J. Brakman, P); Urmond (P. Poot).

195. Campylomma annulicorne (fig. 43)

References. — Reclaire (1946: 50; 1951: 20); Meurer

(1957); Cobben (1958: 21).

Published records. - € Utrecht: Vinkeveen (Reclaire

1946). © N-Holland: Edam (Reclaire 1946); Heemstede

(Meurer 1957). ® Limburg: Roermond (Reclaire 1950);

Boukoul (Cobben 1958).

Present status. - Widespread.

197. Criocoris crassicornis (fig. 44)

References. — Fokker (1886: 299); Reclaire (1932:

210); Cobben (1953: 196).

Note. - The specimen from Ommen (vi.1916, D. Mac-

Gillavry) mentioned by Reclaire (1932) as questionable,

could not be found in any collection.

Published records. - © Limburg: Nuth (Fokker 1886);

Haelen, Leeuwen, St. Odiliënberg (Cobben 1953).

Unpublished records. — © Gelderland: Bennekom,

9.viii.1986, K. den Bieman. ® Limburg: Epen, Onderste

Bos, 29.vii, H. C. Blöte (RML); Ibid., Bovenste Bos,

16.viii.1971, B. Aukema; Ibid., 17.viii.1974, B. Aukema &

J. Beernink.

198. Criocoris sulcicornis f. nov. spec.

Records. — © Zeeland: Valkenisse, 26.vii.1967, 1 9, B.

van Aartsen (ZMA).

201. Asciodema obsoletum (fig. 45)

References. — Reclaire (1934: 60; 1940: 130); Cobben

(1958: 21).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Spaubeek (Reclaire

1934); Epen (Reclaire 1940); Horn, Melick-Herkenbosch

(Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. - ® Utrecht: Veenendaal,

30.vi.1988, B. Aukema. © Gelderland: Oosterbeek,

23.vi.1960, R. H. Cobben; Nijmegen, 28.vi & 5.vii.1985,

B. Aukema; Berg en Dal, 22.vi.1986, K. den Bieman. ®

Zeeland: Oostkapelle, 18.vii.1986, B. Aukema. © N-Bra-

bant: Waalre, Treeswijk, 2.viii. 1941, H. C. Blöte (RML).

18.vii.1974, B. Aukema & J. Beernink; Herkenbosch,

Meijnweg, 31.vii.1980, B. Aukema.

Fig. 44. Criocoris crassicornis.

Fig. 45. Asciodema obsoletum.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 53

202. Hallodapus rufescens (fig. 46)

References. — Gravestein (1952a: cxviii); Cobben

(1958: 20); Woudstra (1959: 106).

Published records. - € Gelderland: Otterloo (Grave-

stein 1952a). © N-Holland: Heemskerk, Bakkum (Woud-

stra 1959). e Z-Holland: Katwijk (Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. - € Drenthe: Wijster, vii. 1975,

1 macropterous 9, at light, B. Aukema, ® Overijssel:

Denekamp, Bergvennen, 29.vi.1970, B. Aukema. ® Gel-

derland: 't Harde, 5.viii.1962, J. H. Woudstra; Imbosch,

W.K. R. E. van Wingerden et al. (RINA). ® N-Holland:

Bakkum, 19.viii.1960, J. H. Woudstra & J. Beernink; Ibid.,

9.vii & 20.viii.1969, 3.vii.1965, J. H. Woudstra.

204. Cremnocephalus albolineatus

References. - Reclaire (1936: 255).

Published records. - ® Overijssel: Denekamp (Re-

claire 1936).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Spier, Kibbelhoek,

l.viii.1981 & 28.vii.1984, B. Aukema. € Overijssel: Weer-

selo, 20.vi.1952, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Lutterzand,

18.vi 1960, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ootmarsum, Sprin-

gendal, 26-27.vi & 4.vii.1970, B. Aukema; Ibid., 5.vii.1970,

J. H. Woudstra; Stegeren, 27.vii.1986, H. Vallenduuk;

Ommen, Eerderveld, 4.vi.1988, larvae, B. Aukema.

206. Dicyphus constrictus

. References. - Reclaire (1932: 185).

Fig. 46. Hallodapus rufescens. Published records. - ® N-Holland: Wijk aan Zee,

viii.1910, 1 9, D. MacGillavry (ZMA) (Reclaire 1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1910.

214. Hypseloecus visci

References. — Arnoud (1958); Cobben & Arnoud

(1969).

Published records. - © Limburg: Voerendaal,

22.viii.1958, Br. Arnoud (Arnoud 1958); Mechelen,

15.vi.1960, larvae, Br. Arnoud (Cobben & Arnoud 1969).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Geulle,

16.viii.1966, P. J. Brakman (RML) & P. Poot.

220. Halticus luteicollis

References. - Fokker (1891: 359); Reclaire (1936: 255;

1940: 112); Blöte (1950: 19).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Valkenburg (Fokker

1891); Bemelen (Reclaire 1936), Gronsveld, Schin op

Geul (Reclaire 1940); Maastricht (Blöte 1950).

Unpublished records. — © Limburg: Bemelen,

22.vi.1948, P. van der Wiel (P); Schin op Geul,

14.viii.1961 & 29.vii.1964, J. H. Woudstra; Vlodrop,

23.vii.1985, 1 9, B. van Aartsen (ZMA).

221. Halticus saltator

References. - Fokker (1891: 359, as H. erythrocepha-

lus); Reclaire (1932: 198; 1943: 117).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Huissen (Reclaire

1932). ® N-Brabant: Cuyk (Fokker 1891). ® Limburg:

Well (Reclaire 1932). ® Zeeland: Hulst (Reclaire 1943).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Bemelen,

22.vi.1948, 1 9, P. van der Wiel (RML).

Fig. 47. Strongylocoris leucocephalus. Present status. - Not recorded since 1948.

54 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

222. Strongylocoris leucocephalus (fig. 47)

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 171-

172, as Halticus leucocephalus), Fokker (1885: 63); Re-

claire (1932: 197; 1936: 255; 1948: 49; 1951: 18); Cobben

(1958: 19).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Wolfheze (Snellen

van Vollenhoven 1878); Ede, Oosterbeek, Vorden, Wage-

ningen (Fokker 1885); Bennekom (Cobben 1958). ®

Utrecht: Eemnes (Reclaire 1948); Rhenen (Cobben

1958). e N-Brabant: Breda (Snellen van Vollenhoven

1878). © Limburg: Epen (Reclaire 1936); Neer (Reclaire

1950).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Rolde, Balloérveld

(W. H. Gravestein, ZMA). ® Overijssel: Deventer

(ZMA), Eerde (RML). ® Gelderland: Garderen, Hoge

Veluwe, Warnsveld (ZMA); Groesbeek (RML, ZMA);

Wageningen (ZMA, CB); Doetinchem (FNM). ®

Utrecht: Amersfoort (RML). ® N-Brabant: Breda (RML,

ZMA). ® Limburg: Mook (ZMA); Rijckholt (NMM).

Present status. — Formerly widespread, but recorded

only once since 1956: Rolde, Balloérveld, 10.vi.1961, 1 9

W. H. Gravestein (ZMA).

226. Orthocephalus saltator

Synonym: Tamanini (1977) synonymized O. ferrari Reu-

ter with O. saltator.

227. Reuteria marqueti f. nov. spec.

Recorded since 1987 from elm (Ulmus sp.) and lime

(Tilia sp.).

Records. - © N-Holland: Naarden, 31.viii & 2.ix.1987,

31.viii.1988, J. H. Woudstra. ® Gelderland: Wageningen,

1, 4 & 27.ix.1987, 4.ix.1988, B. Aukema; Nijmegen,

11.ix.1987, B. Aukema.

229. Fieberocapsus flaveolus (fig. 48)

References. — Gravestein (1952a: cxviii); Brakman

(1960: 22).

Published records. - ® N-Holland: Texel, Slufter (Gra-

vestein 1952a). ® Zeeland: Hoek, Hoofdplaat (Brakman

1960).

Unpublished records. - ® Friesland: Ameland, Oerd,

31.vii.1967, B. Aukema; Terschelling, 10.viii.1953, P. E.

van Heerdt; Terschelling, Oosterend, 19.viii.1962, J. H.

Woudstra; Ibid., Bosplaat, 14-19.viii.1964, J. H. Woudstra

& J. Beernink; Ibid, 12 & 19.viii.1966, 6.vii.1967 &

9.viii.1970, J. H. Woudstra; Ibid., 2.viii.1987, B. Aukema;

Ibid, Noordvaarder, 14.viii.1965 & 25.viii.1984, J. H.

Woudstra; Ibid, Koegelwieck, 3.viii.1987, B. Aukema;

West-Vlieland, 12.viii.1956, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA,

W). © Z-Holland: Voorne, Rockanje, 1.vii.1970 (ZMA).

® Zeeland: Westkapelle, 23 & 25.vii.1986, B. Aukema.

234. Globiceps sphegiformis

References. - Fokker (1885: 67; 1891: 360); Reclaire

(1932: 190).

Published records. — ® Limburg: Valkenburg, vii, 1 9,

A.J. F. Fokker (RML) (Fokker 1885); Ibid., vii.1887, 1 Q,

E. Everts (RML) (Fokker 1891); Epen, 20.vii.1916, 1 &,

D. MacGillavry (ZMA) (Reclaire 1932).

Fig. 48. Fieberocapsus flaveolus.

Fig. 49. Heterocordylus leptocerus.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 55

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Epen, 5.vii.1924,

1 9, H. C. Blöte (RML).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1924.

235. Heterocordylus genistae f. nov. spec.

Note. - The records in Reclaire (1932: 195, Hilversum;

1934: 58, Doetinchem) concern Orthocephalus saltator

and H. leptocerus respectively (Reclaire 1936: 255; 1943:

181870):

Records. — ® Friesland: Terschelling, 21.vii.1954, W.

H. Gravestein (ZMA, P); Ibid., Oosterend, 24.viii.1962 &

3.ix.1969, J. H. Woudstra; Ibid., Bosplaat, 5.viii.1975,J.H.

Woudstra; Ibid., Hoorn, 28.vi.1978, J. H. Woudstra. ® N-

Holland: Bakkum, 28.vi & 19.vii.1969, J. H. Woudstra;

Ibid., 12.vii.1969. 29.vi.1971 & 18.vii.1978, B. Aukema. ®

Limburg: Colmont, 1.vii.1967, 1 9, P. Poot.

236. Heterocordylus leptocerus (fig. 49)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 195; 1936: 255; 1943:

117; 1948: 49; 1951: 18).

Published records. - ® Overijssel: Deventer (Reclaire

1932). ® Gelderland: Arnhem, Beek, Ermelo, Wagenin-

gen (Reclaire 1932); Doetinchem (Reclaire 1936); Gar-

deren (Reclaire 1943). ® Limburg: Meerssen, Mook (Re-

claire 1932); Herkenbosch (Reclaire 1948); Maasniel

(Reclaire 1951).

Unpublished records. - ® Overijssel: Oldenzaal, vii, 2

x Q, A. J. E Fokker (RML). ® Limburg: Maastrict, St.

Fig. 50. Mecomma ambulans. Pietersberg, 7.vi.1985, B. Aukema.

Present status. - Recorded only once since 1946.

238. Heterocordylus tumidicornis

References. — Reclaire (1940: 112); Blöte (1950: 19).

AI Published records. - ® Limburg: Eijs (ZMA) (Reclaire

ANS 1940); Maastricht (RML, NMM) (Blôte 1950).

Va | Present status. - Not recorded since 1949: Maastricht,

È St. Pietersberg, 13.vii, Blöte et al. (RML, NMM).

() 239. Heterotoma planicornis Pallas

References. - Tamanini (1962) showed that what was

formerly considered to be H. meriopterum Scopoli in fact

| is planicornis (Pallas) (described from Belgium), whereas

the true meriopterum occurs east of the line Venice-Graz-

| Vienna.

241. Blepharidopterus diaphanus

References. - Kerzhner (1977) transferred diaphanus

from Orthotylus to Blepharidopterus because of the great

similarity in & genitalia between this species and B.

: angulatus.

242. Orthotylus fuscescens

References. - Klomp & Teerink (1973: 332).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Hoge Veluwe

(Klomp & Teerink 1973).

Unpublished records. - © Overijssel: Diepenveen, 22-

23.vi.1967, 1 @, J. J. Meurer, at light (ZMA). © Gelder-

land: Schaarsbergen, vi.1969, H. Klomp et al. (CB, AU).

Fig. 51. Myrmecoris gracilis. stra.

56 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

248. Orthotylus virens

References. - Arnoud (1958).

Published records. — © Limburg: Eygelshoven,

16.vii.1958, 1 &, Br. Arnoud.

Unpublished records. - © Overijssel: Ootmarsum,

2.vii.1970, 1 4, at light, B. Aukema.

258. Cyrtorhinus caricis

References. — Reclaire (1932: 191).

Published records. - ® Friesland: Terschelling (Re-

claire 1932).

Unpublished records. — ® Friesland: West-Terschel-

ling (Groene Strand), 28-30.viii.1983 & 25.viii.1984, J. H.

Woudstra. ® Drenthe: Wijster, IJsbaan, 6 & 8.ix.1975 &

12.ix.1982, B. Aukema; Norg, Norgerholt, 24.viii.1977,

10 & 24.viii.1978, B. Aukema. ® Gelderland: Tongeren,

16.viii.1983 & 24.vii.1985, K. den Bieman; Ibid,

8.viii.1985, B. Aukema & K. den Bieman.

260. Mecomma ambulans (fig. 50)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 191).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Winterswijk (Re-

claire 1932).

Unpublished records. - ® Overijssel: Denekamp, 18,

19.vi & 17.vii.1960, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ibid.,

18.vi.1960, R. H. Cobben; Ootmarsum, 19.vi.1960, R. H.

Cobben; Ibid., Springendal, 5.vii. 1970 & 24.vii.1974,J.H.

Woudstra. ® Gelderland: Epe, Zuuk, 29.vii.1978 & Eper-

holt, 5.vii.1980, B. Aukema. ® Utrecht: Leersum,

8.vii.1981, 1 6, K. den Bieman. ® Limburg: Epen, Onder-

ste Bos, 29.vii.1938, H. C. Blöte (RML).

261. Myrmecoris gracilis (fig. 51)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 157; 1936: 253; 1951:

12); Cobben (1958: 18).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Nijmegen, Wolf-

heze (Reclaire 1932); Groesbeek (Reclaire 1936). ® N-

Brabant: Oirschot (Reclaire 1951). ® Limburg: Horn

(Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. — ® Drenthe: Zuidlaren,

18.vi.1950, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Wijster, 3 &

8.vii.1977, B. Aukema. © Gelderland: Arnhem,

28.vi.1908, Bierman (ZMA); Nijmegen, 22-23.vii.1933,

A. M. Scholte (RML, ZMA); Hatertse Vennen, 5.vii.1979,

R. H. Cobben. ® N-Brabant: Best, 21.vi.1950, M. van den

Boorn (P). ® Limburg: Mook, 23.vii.1926, F. T. Valck

Lucassen (ZMA).

263. Lygus adspersus f. nov. spec. (fig. 52)

References. - Kerznner (1984: 35-37); Rieger (1987:

278-281).

Records. - ® Overijssel: Holten, 7.x.1974, B. Aukema.

(Cobben 1958a: 32, as. L. gemellatus); Ibid., 18.x.1987 &

23.x.1988, B. Aukema; Heelsum, 1.ix.1954, R. H. Cobben;

Ibid., 22.viii.1985, B. Aukema; Emst, 23.viii.1974 &

Heerde, 23.viii.1974, B. Aukema; Winterwijk, 17.ix.1983,

H.Vallenduuk (ZMA); Nijmegen, 6.x1.1987 & 28.x.1988,

B. Aukema; Culemborg, 13.x.1988, J. H. Woudstra; Elst,

28.x.1988, B. Aukema. ® Utrecht: Remmerden, 1.x.1988,

Fig. 52

. Lygus adspersus.

Fig. 53

. Lygus gemellatus.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 57

B. Aukema. ® N-Holland: Zaandam, 21.x.1976, B. Au-

„= kema. © Zeeland: Kloetinge, 10.v.1944, F Burger (RML).

® Limburg: Spaubeek, St. Odilienberg, Vlodrop, Wieler,

24-30.1x.1948, H. C. Blöte et al. (RML); Maastricht, St.

Pietersberg, 20.ix.1949 & Cannerbos, 20.11.1950, H. C.

Blöte et al. (RML); Elsloo, 12-20.ix.1950, H. C. Blöte et

al. (RML); Roermond, 4.x.1952 (Cobben 1958a: 35, as L.

gemellatus), St. Odiliënberg, 9.viii.1953, Herkenbosch,

10.1x.1954 & Melick-Herkenbosch, 21.viii.1955, R. H.

Cobben; Geulle, 21.ix.1975, B. Aukema.

Present status. - Widespread, especially along the lar-

ger rivers on Artemisia vulgaris L. and A. campestris L.

ee —

264. Lygus gemellatus (fig. 53)

Present status. — Revision of the Dutch material of

Lygus showed gemellatus as being limited to the south-

east part of the country.

265. Lygus maritimus (fig. 54)

References. — Gravestein (1951a: vi; 1951b: xxxvii-

XXXVIII).

Present status. - Widespread along the coast and along

the large rivers.

266. Lygus pratensis (fig. 55)

Present status. - More generally distributed than ge-

mellatus, occurring also in the western and northern

Fig. 54. Lygus maritimus. parts of the country. Rare.

268. Lygus wagneri f. nov. spec.

Records. - © Drenthe: Steenbergen, 6.x.1957, 1 8

(ZMA); Norg, Norgerholt, 30.ix.1971, J. Krikken & Ph.

Pronk (RML); Ibid., 30.vi.1975, 5 & 7.vi.1976, 3.v, 21.vi

& 24.viii.1977, 31.v, 10 & 24.viii.1978 & 16.v.1979, B.

Aukema; Ibid., 6.ix.1983, J. van Tol (RML); Vries, Zeijen,

10 & 24.viii.1978 & 16.v.1979, B. Aukema; Norg, Huis ter

Heide, 5.ix.1983, Ph. Pronk (RML); Roden, 6.ix.1983,

Ph. Pronk (RML).

Present status. — Very local, known only from the

boreal region around Norg.

270. Orthops basalis (fig. 56)

References. - Meurer (1956: 59); Cobben (1958a: 36-

40).

Present status. - Widespread, common.

275. Pinalitus atomarius

Note. - Kerzhner (1988) transferred a number of spe-

cies, including atomarius (Meyer-Dür), cervinus (Her-

rich-Schäffer), rubricatus (Fallen) and viscicola (Puton),

from the genus Orthops Fieber to Pinalitus Kelton.

References. - Cobben (1958a: 41).

Published records. - ® N-Holland: Heemstede,

26.11.1953, 1 Q, J. J. Meurer (ZMA).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1953.

276. Pinalitus viscicola

References. — Reclaire (1936: 253); Arnoud (1958);

Fig. 55. Lygus pratensis. Cobben (1958a: 40-41); Cobben & Arnoud (1969).

58 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 56. Orthops basalis. Fig. 57. Plesiocoris minor.

Fig. 58. Agnocoris reclairei. Fig. 59. Agnocoris rubicundus.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 59

Published records. - ® Limburg: Epen, Mechelen (Re-

claire 1936; Cobben 1958); Voerendaal (Arnoud 1958);

Benzenrade, Nijswiller, Heerlen (Cobben & Arnoud

1969).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Geulle, 16.viii &

27.ix.1966, P.J. Brakman (RML); Ibid., 27.ix.1966, P. Poot

(ZMA); Camerig, 26.viii.1973, B. Aukema; Ibid.

7.x.1973, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra; Noorbeek, 30.viii

& 3.ix.1973, B. Aukema; Ibid., 10.ix.1973, B. Aukema &

J. H. Woudstra.

277. Plesiocoris minor (fig. 57)

References. - Gravestein (1952a: cxvi-cxvii).

Present status. - Restricted to the West Frisian Islands

Vlieland, Ameland, Terschelling (Friesland) and Texel

(N-Holland).

281. Lygocoris populi f. nov. spec.

Records. - ® N-Holland: 's Graveland, 4.vii.1943, 1 9,

A. Reclaire (ZMA); Bakkum, 12.vii.1969, 1 9, B. Au-

kema; Ibid., 14.viii.1981 & 29.viii.1982, J. H. Woudstra;

Amsterdam, Bos, 24.vi.1973 & 18.vii.1981, B. Aukema. ®

Gelderland: Ubbergen, Beek, 16.vii.1987, B. Aukema &

D.J. Hermes; Doorwerth, 27.vi & 9.vii.1988, B. Aukema.

Present status. - Rare, on Populus canescens (Ait.) Sm.

283. Lygocoris limbatus

Fig. 60. Polymerus vulneratus. a — Reclaire (1932: 170; 1936: 253; 1943:

114).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Leuvenum (Re-

claire 1936). ® N-Brabant: Oirschot (Reclaire 1932). ®

Limburg: Broekhuizen (Reclaire 1943).

Unpublished record. — © Overijssel: Losser,

17.vii.1960, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA). ® N-Brabant:

Biesbos, 8.v.1958, R. H. Cobben.

287. Agnocoris reclairei (fig. 58)

References. - Gravestein (1951a: v).

Present status. - Widespread.

288. Agnocoris rubicundus (fig. 59)

References. - Cobben (1958a: 41).

Note. - All records in Reclaire (1932: 172; 1934: 56;

1936: 253; 1940: 111; 1943: 115) concern A. reclairei

(Cobben 1958a).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Roermond, 10.v.1953,

1 g; Stein, 23.viii.1955, 1 9, R. H. Cobben (Cobben

1958a).

Unpublished records. - ® Utrecht: Rhenen, Blauwe

Kamer, 19.v.1985, B. Aukema; Ibid., 29.viii.1985, J. H.

Woudstra. ® Gelderland: Oosterbeek, 16.viii.1955, R. H.

Cobben; Valburg, Loenen, 2.viii.1985, B. Aukema. © N-

Brabant: Best, 15.iv.1977, H. W. van der Wolf (ZMA). ®

Limburg: Asselt, 2.vii.1974, B. Aukema; Wieler, 4.vii.

1974, B. Aukema; Echt, 4.vii.1982, C.J. M. Berger (ZMA);

Maastricht, St. Pietersberg, 29.viii. 1984, B. Aukema.

292. Polymerus vulneratus (fig. 60)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 174; 1943: 115).

Fig. 61. Polymerus holosericeus. Present status. - Before 1957 widespread in the Dune

60 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

region and on the West Frisian Islands, but recently

recorded only once: N-Holland, Heemskerk, 22.viii.1987,

2 Q at light, J. H. Woudstra.

293. Polymerus holosericeus (fig. 61)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 175; 1948: 47; 1951: 14-

15); Gravestein (1943: ix); Cobben (1958: 19).

Published records. - ® Overijssel: Denekamp (Re-

claire 1951). ® Gelderland: Winterswijk (Gravestein

1943). e Limburg: Epen (Reclaire 1932); Arcen (Grave-

stein 1943); Vlodrop (Reclaire 1948); St. Odiliénberg

(Reclaire 1951; Cobben 1958).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1955: St. Odilien-

berg, 13.vii, R. H. Cobben (CB, ZMA).

294. Polymerus nigrita (fig. 62)

References. — Gravestein (1949: xxiii-xxiv); Reclaire

(1951: 15); Cobben (1958: 19).

Published records. — ® Overijssel: Denekamp (Grave-

stein 1949; Reclaire 1951). ® Limburg: St. Odiliënberg

(Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Mantinge, 26.vi, 3

& 24.vii.1975, 19.vi.1978, B. Aukema. ® Gelderland:

Winterswijk, 22.vi.1952, P. J. Brakman (RML); Wamel,

21.vi.1981, 1 4, K. den Bieman; Ubbergen, Tiengeboden,

22.vi.1986, 1 6, K. den Bieman. ® Utrecht: Leersum,

Broekhuizen, 22.vi.1971, 1 9, M. P. Peerdeman (ZMA).

Wieler, 4.vii.1973, B. Aukema; Cottessen & Epen, Bo-

venste Bos, 17.viii.1974, B. Aukema & J. Beernink; Vlo-

drop, 26.vi.1973, 1 9, B. van Aartsen (ZMA).

296. Dichrooscytus intermedius (fig. 63)

References. - Gravestein (1949: xxiii); Reclaire (1951:

14); Cobben (1953: 190-194; 1958: 19).

Published records. - ® Overijssel: Vasse (Gravestein

1949; Reclaire 1951). ® Gelderland: Wageningen (Cob-

ben 1953, 1958).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Assen, 7.vii.1964,

1 6, €. A. Schulz (ZMA). ® Overijssel: Hengelo,

2.vii.1952, W. C. Boelens (RML, P); Ootmarsum, Sprin-

gendal, 4 & 5.vii.1970, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra. ®

Gelderland: Winterswijk, 21.vi.1952, W. H. Gravestein

(ZMA); Wekerom, 1.vii.1958, 1 6, R. H. Cobben; Garde-

ren, 19.vii.1978, J. H. Woudstra; Epe, Eperholt, 6 &

15.vii.1980, B. Aukema; Ruurlo, 22. vii.1980, B. Aukema;

Doorwerth, 27.vi & 9.vii.1988, B. Aukema; Bennekom,

4 vii.1988, K. den Bieman. ® Utrecht: Maarn, 9.vii.1969,

J. Beernink; Broekhuizen, 5.vii.1973, 1 9, M. P. Peerde-

man (ZMA); Veenendaal, 30.vi.1988, B. Aukema. ® Lim-

burg: Epen, 14.vii.1966, J. H. Woudstra, Arcen,

16.vii.1980, 1 6, B. van Aartsen (ZMA).

299. Hadrodemus m-flavum (fig. 64)

References. — Fokker (1891: 359, as Calocoris margi-

nellus F.); Reclaire (1932: 166, as Homodemus m-flavum;

1948: 46; 1950: 13).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Nuth (Fokker: 1891);

Geulle, Mechelen, Mook and Valkenburg (Reclaire 1932);

Wijlre (Reclaire 1948); Epen (Reclaire 1950).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1949: Geulle, 12-

16.vi.1949, P. van der Wiel (ZMA).

Fig. 62. Polymerus nigrita.

Fig. 63. Dichrooscytus intermedius.

AUKEMA:

Fig. 64. Hadrodemus m-flavum.

Fig. 65. Megacoelum beckeri.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 61

300. Calocoris pilicornis

References. - Gravestein (1952a: cxvi).

Published records. - © Limburg: Rijkel, 1.vii.1951, W.

H. Gravestein, R. H. Cobben & P. J. Brakman (Gravestein

1952a).

Present status. — Not recorded since 1953: Rijkel,

7.1.1953, W. H. Gravestein & P. J. Brakman (RML, ZMA,

AU, P & W).

301. Calocoris schmidtii

References. — Gravestein (1963).

Published records. - © Limburg: Gronsveld,

25.vi.1962, 1 6, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA) (Gravestein

1963).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Winterswijk, 't

Woold, 20.vi.1975, 1 6, B.J. Lempke (ZMA). ® Limburg:

Gronsveld, 15.vi.1968, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ibid.,

23.vi.1968, P. Poot; Ibid., 4.vi.1969 & 10.vi.1981, J. H.

Woudstra; Ibid., 16.vi.1979, B. Aukema.

302. Calocoris striatellus

Synonym: C. gwadripunctatus Villers (Kerzhner 1969).

303. Calocoris biclavatus

References. - Reclaire (1951: 13).

Published records. — ® Limburg: Vaals, 24.vi.1948, 1 6,

P. van der Wiel (ZMA) (Reclaire 1951).

Present status. - Not recorded after the single capture

of 1948.

305. Calocoris affinis

References. - Reclaire (1943: 114).

Published records. - © Limburg: Gulpen, 21.vii.1943,

1 8, J. Maessen (Reclaire 1943).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Epen, 29.vii.1949,

W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ibid., 26-27.vii.1943, H. C.

Blöte et al. (RML); Ibid, 25-26 & 30-31.vii.1964,

18.vii.1965, J. H. Woudstra; Ibid, 3-4.vii.1971 &

22.viii.1987, B. Aukema; Ibid, Bovenste Bos, 17.viii. 1974,

B. Aukema; Ibid., Onderste Bos, 3-4. vii. 1942, W. Vervoort

(RML); Gulpen, 20. vii. 1956, C. de Jong (RML); Heer-

len, 26.vii.1943, 1 9, H. C. Blöte et al. (RML); Wittem,

Bissen, 4.vii.1942, 1 9, W. Vervoort (RML).

312. Megacoelum beckeri (fig. 65)

References. - Cobben (1951: 52); Gravestein (1952a:

CXIV-CXVI).

Present status. - Widespread, but rare.

315. Miridius quadrivirgatus

References. - Fokker (1885: 56); Brakman (1952: 129).

Published records. - ® Zeeland: Zierikzee (Fokker

1885); Nieuw & St. Joosland (Brakman 1952).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1955: Nieuw & St.

Joosland, 15.viii.1955, P. J. Brakman (P).

317. Phytocoris intricatus (fig. 66)

References. - Reclaire (1951: 12); Cobben (1953: 190;

1958: 18).

62 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Note. - The record from Nunspeet (Reclaire 1932)

concerns P. pim (Reclaire 1951).

Published records. - ® Drenthe: Norg (Reclaire 1951).

Overijssel: Vasse (Reclaire 1951).

Unpublished records. — ® Drenthe: Wijster, Zuid-

wolde (B. Aukema). ® Overijssel: Ootmarsum (B. Au-

kema, J. H. Woudstra). ® Gelderland: Apeldoorn, Win-

terswijk (W. H. Gravestein, ZMA); Brummen, Garderen,

Nunspeet (J. H. Woudstra); Epe, Ruurlo, Doorwerth (B.

Aukema); Bennekom (K. den Bieman). ® N-Holland:

Naarden, Zaandam (J. H. Woudstra). ® Limburg: Swal-

men (H. C. Blöte et al, RML); Epen, Schin op Geul (J.

H. Woudstra).

524. Phytocoris singeri (fig. 67)

References. — Cobben (1950: 84, as P nowickyi Fieber;

1958: 17-18).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Herkenbosch, Poster-

holt, St. Odiliënberg, Roermond, Neer and Vlodrop

(Cobben 1950, 1958).

Unpublished records. — ® Limburg: St. Odiliënberg,

9.viii.1953, 1 6, R. H. Cobben (LUW); Nuth, 13.viii. 1969,

1 é, J. H. Woudstra, Herkenbosch, Meijnweg,

2á.viii. 1968, 1 6, A. W. P. Maassen (RML); Cottessen, 26-

30.viii. 1968 & 10.ix.1973, J. H. Woudstra, Ibid,

17.viii.1971 & 29.viii.1973, B. Aukema; Ibid, 17.viii. 1974,

B. Aukema & J. Beernink; Epen, 14.viii.1971, 1 4, B.

Aukema; Colmont, Wrakelberg, 2.ix.1982, 1 @, K. den

Bieman; Maastricht, St. Pietersberg, 11.viii.1983, 1 3, B.

Aukema.

328. Capsus pilifer f. nov. spec. (fig. 68)

Records. — Revision of the Dutch Capszs material

resulted in the following localities for €. pilifer: ® Fries-

land: Appelscha, Elsloo (FNM); Beetsterzwaag (ZMA)

® Drenthe: Echten (RML); Lhee, Mantinge, Norg, Zuid-

wolde, Wijster (AU); Dwingeloo, Zuidlaren (ZMA). ®

Overijssel: Haaksbergen (RML); Ootmarsum (W). ®

Gelderland: Berg & Dal (JA); Ede (AU); Velp (ZMA);

Winterswijk (HE). ® Utrecht: Baarn (ZMA). ® N-Hol-

land: Texel (W).

Present status. - Widespread, but rare. On Molinia

caerulea (L.) Moench.

329. Capsus wagneri (fig. 69)

References. - Gravestein (1952a: cxvii).

Present status. - Widespread, rare.

331. Capsodes gothicus

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 186-

187); Reclaire (1932: 179).

Published records. - © ?-Holland: Unknown locality,

W. de Haan, 1 6 (RML) (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878).

(ZMA) (Reclaire 1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1911.

332. Capsodes sulcatus f. nov. spec.

Records. — ® Gelderland: Vorden, Kranenburg,

23.vi.1979, 1 brachypterous Q, B. J. Lempke (ZMA).

Fig. 66. Phytocoris intricatus.

Fig. 67. Phytocoris singers.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera

Fig. 69. Capsus wagneri.

Fig. 68. Capsus pilifer.

virens.

Fig. 71. Stenodema

Fig. 70. Stenodema trispinosa.

64 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

0 | «

Fig. 72. Megaloceroea recticornis. Fig. 73. Trigonotylus caelestialium.

Fig. 74. Trigonotylus ruficornis. Fig. 75. Teratocoris saundersi.

AUKEMA:

342. Trigonotylus caelestialium. Scale: 1 mm.

334. Acetropis gimmerthalii

References. - Fokker (1885: 54).

Published records. - © Z-Holland : ’s-Gravenzande,

Staelduin, 1 9, Snellen van Vollenhoven (RML) (Fokker

1885).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1878.

336. Stenodema trispinosa (fig. 70)

References. - Gravestein (1951b: xxxviii-xxxix); Brak-

man (1952: 130); Woudstra (1953); Meurer (1963: 205).

Present status. - Widespread, mainly coastal.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 65

339. Stenodema virens (fig. 71)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 180-181; 1936: 254;

1943: 116; 1948: 47; 1951: 16).

Present status. - Until 1946 widespread, but since then

only two records: Friesland, Terschelling, Bosplaat,

12.viii.1964, J. Beernink; Gelderland, Emst, 23.viii.1973,

B. Aukema.

341. Megaloceraea recticornis (fig. 72)

References. - Blöte (1950: 19); Cobben (1953: 194);

Brakman (1960: 22).

Present status. - Before 1950 hardly any records out-

side the southern part of Limburg. At present however

widespread.

342. Trigonotylus caelestialium f. nov.

spec. (fig. 73)

345. Trigonotylus ruficornis (fig. 74)

References. - Bozdechovä (1973).

Present status. - Revision of Dutch Trigonotylus ruft-

cornis revealed that both 7: caelestialium and T. ruficor-

nis are common species in the Netherlands.

347. Teratocoris paludum

References. — Cobben (1960: 206-207).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Wageningen (Cob-

ben 1960).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Wijster, IJsbaan,

6.1x.1975, 10 & 11.vi.1976 & 12.ix.1982, B. Aukema; Ibid.,

26.viii.1976, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra; ® Gelderland:

Elst, Elden, 20.vii.1947, 1 9, A. Reclaire (ZMA); Tonge-

ren, 8.111.1985, B. Aukema & K. den Bieman; Ibid,

19.ix.1985, K. den Bieman. ® Utrecht: Veenendaalse Hel,

7&11.viii.1981, G. J. Rozeboom & R. H. Cobben (LUW).

348. Teratocoris saundersi (fig. 75)

References. — Fokker (1891: 359); Reclaire (1940:

111); Gravestein (1952a: cxvii-cxviii, as T. lineatus Wag-

ner); Cobben (1958: 19); Brakman (1960: 22, as T. line-

atus).

Published records. - © N-Holland: Wieringen (Re-

claire 1940); Texel, Slufter (Gravestein 1952a). ® Z-

Holland: Oostvoorne (Cobben 1958). ® Zeeland: Zierik-

zee (Fokker 1891); Hoek (Brakman 1960).

Unpublished records. - ® Friesland: Terschelling (W.

H. Gravestein, J. H. Woudstra, B. Aukema); Ameland (B.

Aukema). ® N-Holland: Naarden (J.J. Wieringa, M). ®

Z-Holland: Oostvoorne (ZMA), Goeree (K. J. Huisman,

RML). ® Zeeland: Walcheren (H. C. Blöte, RML); West-

kapelle, Ellewoutsdijk (B. Aukema).

Present status. - Widespread, mainly coastal.

351. Isometopus intrusus (fig. 76)

References. — Fokker (1886: 299, as I. alienus Fieber;

1891: 360); Reclaire (1940: 113; 1943: 120).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Winterswijk (Fok-

ker 1891). © N-Brabant : Waalwijk (Reclaire 1940). ©

Limburg: Valkenburg (Fokker 1886); Arcen (Reclaire

1943).

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 77. Stalia boops.

Fig. 76. Isometopus intrusus.

Fig. 79. Nabis pseudoferus.

Fig. 78. Nabis brevis.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 67

Fig. 80. Temnostethus longirostris.

Fig. 81. Elatophilus nigricornis.

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Wageningen, vii

& viii.1960, vii.1961 & viii.1962, R. H. Cobben (CB, LUW,

ZMA, AU). ® Utrecht: Hollandse Rading, 8.viii.1956, 1

Q, J. H. Woudstra.

352. Prostemma guttula

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 305-

306); Reclaire (1932: 141; 1936: 251); Brakman (1952:

129); Cobben (1958: 16); Péricart (1987: 50).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht (Reclaire

1932; 1936); Echt (Cobben 1958). ® Zeeland: Walcheren

(Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878); Domburg (Brakman

1952).

Unpublished records. — ® Limburg: Maastricht, St.

Pietersberg, 20.viii.1983, 1 9, ex larva, B. Aukema. ®

Zeeland: Domburg, 1957.viii.13, P. J. Brakman (RML).

353-364. Nabini

Note: Kerzhner (in litt., 1989) after analysis of the

world fauna now considers Aptus, Anaptus and Stalia as

subgenera of Himacerus, and Limnonabis, Dolichonabis

and Nabicula as subgenera of Nabis. However, since the

recent work of Péricart (1987) on this subject probably

will remain the standard in Western Europa for many

years, I prefer to maintain his classification.

356. Stalia boops (fig. 77)

References. - Reclaire (1936: 251); Leston (1952: 86);

Gravestein (1955); Cobben (1958a: 17); Brakman (1960:

22); Péricart (1987: 93).

Present status. - Widespread, but rare.

360. Nabis brevis (fig. 78)

Note. - Most older identifications are unreliable (Re-

claire 1951)

References. — Reclaire (1936: 251; 1948: 44; 1951: 11);

Cobben (1958: 16); Péricart (1987: 144-147).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Hoog-Buurlo (Re-

claire 1936); Nunspeet (Reclaire 1936, 1951); Hulshorst

(Reclaire 1948); Lunteren (Reclaire 1951); Ede (Cobben

1958). ® Limburg: Haelen (Reclaire 1951).

Unpublished records. — ® Overijssel: Ootmarsum,

Vasse (J. H. Woudstra). ® Gelderland: Ede (R. H. Cob-

ben); Emst, Gortel, Heerde, Wezep (B. Aukema); Vier-

houten (B. Aukema; J. Beernink); Epe (B. Aukema; Ph.

van Hooven, RML; C. Scheffer, RML); Putten (C. de

Jong, RML); Eerbeek (H. Boschma, RML); Ugchelen (P.

J. Hartevelt & Ph. Pronk, RML); Velp (W. H. Gravestein,

P). © N-Brabant: Herpen (S. v. Heijnsbergen, W); Best,

Strijbeek (B. Aukema; J. H. Woudstra); Best, Nijnsel (H.

W. van der Wolf, ZMA). ® Zeeland: Axel (C. van Heij-

ningen, RML); Hulst (Ph. Pronk, RML). ® Limburg:

Maastricht (B. Aukema).

363. Nabis pseudoferus (fig. 79)

References. - Gravestein (1956); Péricart (1987: 137).

Present status. - Widespread, rare.

366. Temnostethus longirostris f. nov. spec.

(fig. 80)

Records. - ® Overijssel: Steenwijk, 4.viii.1987, B. Au-

68 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

kema; Zwolle, Schelle, 21.vii.1987. ® Flevoland: Lelystad,

Oostvaardersplassen, 22.vi.1988, B. Aukema. ® Gelder-

land: Wageningen, 10-20.vii.1987, B. Aukema; Millingen,

16.vii.1987, B. Aukema; Ooij, Groenlanden, 16.vii.1987,

B. Aukema; Heelsum, 26.vi.1988, B. Aukema; Door-

werth, 27.vi.1988, B. Aukema; Doornenburg, 2.vii.1988,

B. Aukema. ® Utrecht: Rhenen, Blauwe Kamer,

20.vii. 1987, B. Aukema. © N-Holland: Zaandam, 19.vii-

19.viii.1987, 21.vii & 17.viii.1988, J. H. Woudstra (W,

ZMA); Zaandijk, 22.vii.1987, J. H. Woudstra; Kromme-

nie, 28.viii.1988, B. Aukema. ® Limburg: Swalmen,

1.vii.1951, P. van der Wiel (ZMA).

Present status. - Widespread, on trunks of Salix and

Populus.

368. Elatophilus nigricornis (fig. 81)

References. - Cobben & Arnoud (1969: 8).

Published records. — ® Friesland: Beetsterzwaag (Cob-

ben & Arnoud 1969). ® Overijssel: Lutterzand, Ootmar-

sum (Cobben & Arnoud 1969).

Unpublished records. — ® Drenthe: Spier, Kibbelhoek,

10-14.vi.1977, B. Aukema. © Gelderland: Heerde,

20.vi.1971, 1 Q, B. Aukema. ® Utrecht: Zeist, 1á.v. 1969,

J. Burger (PDW). ® N-Brabant: Drunen, 4.vi.1983, A. P.

J. A. Teunissen (ZMA). ® Limburg: Lomm, Ravenven-

nen, 6.vi.1982, B. Aukema.

369. Anthocoris amplicollis

References. - Aukema (1976).

Published records. — © Limburg: Bunde (Aukema

1976).

Unpublished records. — ® Utrecht: Amerongen,

28.ix.1986 & 30.viii.1987, K. den Bieman; Ibid.

15.viii.1987, B. Aukema; Zeist 16.viii.1987, 1 6, K. den

Bieman.

370. Anthocoris butleri (fig. 82)

References. - Cobben & Arnoud (1969: 7-8).

Present status. — Locally common on Buxus in Gelder-

land, Utrecht, N-Holland and Limburg.

374. Anthocoris minki minki (fig. 83)

References. - Most older records concern the Ash

(Fraxinus exselsior L.) inhabiting A. simulans, establis-

hed by Péricart (1972: 139-141) as a good species.

Present status. - The true Poplar (Populus) inhabiting

A. minki is known from a few localities only, but it is

undoubtedly a widespread species in the Netherlands.

377. Anthocoris pilosus (fig. 84)

Synonym: A. sibiricus auct nec Reuter (Elov & Kerzhner

1977)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 149; 1936: 252); Blöte

(1950: 19, 1954: 83); Cobben (1953: 190); Péricart (1972:

143-145, as szbiricus).

Note. - The specimen recorded as sibiricus from

Oisterwijk (Reclaire 1932) was not traceable.

Published records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht (Reclaire

1930; Blöte 1950, 1954), Meerssen (Reclaire 1932); Epen,

Eygelshoven (Reclaire 1936); Roermond, Echt, Maasniel,

Swalmen (Cobben 1953).

—

Fig. 82. Anthocoris butleri.

Fig. 83. Anthocoris minki minki.

AUKEMA:

Fig. 84. Anthocoris pilosus.

Fig. 85. Anthocoris simulans.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 69

Present status. - Recorded only once since 1951: Maas-

tricht, 24.viii.1965, P. Poot.

379. Anthocoris simulans (fig. 85)

Note. - see under A. minki.

Present status. - Widespread and common.

380. Anthocoris visci

References. - Cobben & Arnoud (1969: 5-7).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Benzenrade, Holset,

Mechelen, Nijswiller, Putberg, Geulle (Cobben & Arnoud

1969).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Geulle, 27.ix.1966,

P. Poot (ZMA, P); Noorbeek, 30.viii, 3 & 8.1x.1973, B.

Aukema. Ibid., 7.ix.1973, B. Aukema.

382. Acompocoris alpinus (fig. 86)

References. — Fokker (1885: 75).

Note. - The specimen recorded from Vorden (Fokker

1885) belongs to Tetraphleps bicuspis (Herrich-Schäf-

fer).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Driebergen (Fokker

1885).

Unpublished records. - ® Friesland: West-Terschel-

ling J. H. Woudstra); Appelscha (J. H. Woudstra). ®

Drenthe: Wijster, Spier (B. Aukema). ® Gelderland: Epe,

Gortel, Heerde (B. Aukema); Garderen, Hulshorst (J. H.

Woudstra); Planken Wambuis (K. den Bieman); Nun-

speet (R. T. Simon Thomas, ZMA). ® Utrecht: Baarn

(RML); Hollandse Rading (J. H. Woudstra). © N-Hol-

land: Santpoort (B. Aukema; J. H. Woudstra); Naar-den,

Vogelenzang, Zaandam (J. H. Woudstra). ® N-Brabant:

Strijbeek (J. H. Woudstra), Zundert (J. H. Woudstra; P.

Aukema, AU). ® Limburg: Brunssum (K. den Bieman);

Epen (B. Aukema); Terziet (P. Poot); Vijlen (J. H. Woud-

Stra).

Present status. - A. alpinus was collected twice before

1885 (Driebergen, Baarn), whereas all other records are

from 1967 onwards.

385. Orius laticollis (fig. 87)

References. - Cobben (1958: 17).

Published records. - © Limburg: Roermond (Cobben

1958).

Unpublished records. — © Friesland: Terschelling,

Midsland (J. H. Woudstra). ® Drenthe: Norg (B. Au-

kema). ® Flevoland: Lelystad (H. Vallenduuk). ® Gelder-

land: Welsum (B. Aukema). ® Utrecht: Breukelen (C. van

Heijningen, RML); Kamerik, Remmerden (B. Aukema).

Ilpendam, Koog aan de Zaan, Westzaan (J. H. Woudstra).

Zaandam (J. H. Woudstra; J. Beernink); Heemskerk (J.

Beernink). ® Limburg: Cottessen, Epen (B. Aukema);

Maastricht (P. Poot); Mechelen (J. H. Woudstra).

Present status. - Widespread, but certainly not as rare

as the present records may suggest. Much older material,

identified as O. minutus still has to be checked for the

presence of this species and the next one.

388. Orius vicinus

References. - Cobben (1958: 17).

70 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 86. Acompocoris alpinus. Fig. 87. Ortus laticollis.

Fig. 88. Xylocoris formicetorum. Fig. 89. Brachysteles parvicornis.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 71

Published records. — ® Gelderland: Wageningen (Cob-

ben 1958).

Unpublished records. — © Gelderland: Ugchelen,

18.ix.1960, 1 g, P. J. Hartevelt & Ph. Pronk (RML);

Zutphen, ix.1963, P. H. van Doesburg (RML); Ben-

nekom, 25 & 30.viii. 1986 & 7.ix.1987, K. den Bieman;

Wageningen, 4.ix. 1988, B. Aukema. © N-Holland: Am-

sterdam, 19.viii.1974 & 11.v.1977, B. Aukema; Ibid., 13 &

23.ix.1985, J. H. Woudstra. © Lim- burg: Epen, 3-

4.vii.1971, 1 À, & 11.ix.1980, 1 6, B. Aukema.

Present status. — Probably widespread, but still very

few times recorded with certainty.

392. Xylocoris formicetorum (fig. 88)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 153-154).

Published records. - € Gelderland: Otterloo (Reclaire

1932).

versum (Reclaire 1932).

Unpublished records. — © Overijssel: Ommen,

viii.1986 & x.1987, H. Vallenduuk. ® Gelderland: Garde-

ren, 8.1.1983, H. Vallenduuk (ZMA); Nunspeet, iv.1987

& Kootwijk, vi.1987, H. Vallenduuk. © Utrecht: Doorn,

28.v.1984, H. Vallenduuk (ZMA); Driebergen, vii. 1987,

H. Vallenduuk. ® Z-Holland: Den Haag, 20.iii.1983, H.

Vallenduuk (ZMA). ® Zeeland: Haamstede, ix.1987, H.

Vallenduuk. ® Limburg: Horst, vii & x.1987, H. Vallen-

duuk.

Fig. 90. Oeciacus hirundinis.

393. Brachysteles parvicornis (fig. 89)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 154; 1934: 53; 1951: 12);

Cobben (1958: 17).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Leuvenum (Re-

claire 1934). ® Utrecht: Soest (Reclaire 1932). © N-

Holland: Hilversum (Reclaire 1932); Texel, De Koog

(Reclaire 1951). ® Z-Holland: Meijendel (Reclaire

1932). © Zeeland: Oostkapelle (Reclaire 1951). ® Lim-

burg: Roermond (Reclaire 1951); Boukoul, Roermond,

Bergen (Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. — © Gelderland: Otterlo,

10.viii.1954, 1 9, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA). ® N-Hol-

land: Hilversum, 19.v.1947, A. Reclaire (P); Bakkum,

5.vi.1975, 1 @, J. Beernink. © Zeeland: Vrouwenpolder,

1.v.1949 & 29.vii.1954, P. J. Brakman (RML); Goes,

19.viii.1953, A. Post (ZMA); Oostkapelle, 3.x.1954, P. J.

Brakman (P).

Present status. - Formerly a widespread species, but

recorded only once since 1954.

394. Cardiastethus fasciiventris

References. - Reclaire (1936: 252).

Published records. — © Gelderland: Terborg,

3.viii.1935, 1 9, P. van der Wiel (ZMA) (Reclaire 1936).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1937: Terborg, 1-

4.viii, P. van der Wiel (ZMA).

396. Scoloposcelis pulchella f. nov. spec.

Records. - ® N-Holland: ’s Graveland, 15.vii.1977, 1

Fig. 91. Rhynocoris annulatus. Q at light, S. van Heijnsbergen (W).

72 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

397. Oeciacus hirundinis (fig. 90)

References. — Fokker (1885: 78); Reclaire (1932: 147).

Published records. —: ® Gelderland: Arnhem (Reclaire

1932). ® Limburg: Venlo (Fokker 1885).

Unpublished records. — © Overijssel: Dalfsen,

11.vi.1977, ABW (AU); Zwolle. 3.v.1977, ABW (AU). ®

Gelderland: Overasselt, 30.ix.1947, F. Smit (ZMA, P);

Echteld, IJzendoorn, 22.v.1974 (PDW); Arnhem,

11.vi.1977, ABW (AU). ® Utrecht: Kockengen,

9.vii.1973, W. J. Klok (ZMA, AU). ® Z-Holland: Dord-

recht, 3.v.1977, ABW (AU). ® N-Brabant: Made,

4.vi.1970 (PDW); Helmond, 15.v.1974 (PDW); Andel,

14.vi.1977, ABW (AU). © Zeeland: Philippine,

14.vi.1974, ABW (AU); Goes, Kattendijke, 29.v.1975, B.

Bosman (PDW) Wemeldinge, 10.vi.1977, ABW (AU);

Yerseke, 10.vi.1977, ABW (AU).

399. Cimex columbarius

References. - Fokker (1885: 78); Reclaire (1932: 146;

1936: 251); Péricart (1972: 294-296).

Published records. - ® Groningen: Scheemda (Reclaire

1936; Péricart, 1972). ® Gelderland: Nijkerk (Reclaire

1936). ® Utrecht: Utrecht (Reclaire 1932). ® Z-Holland:

Giessendam (Fokker 1885).

Unpublished records. - © Groningen: Scheemda,

12.xii.1938 (P). ® N-Holland: Aalsmeer, 14.vi.1924, 2 Q,

D. MacGillavry (ZMA).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1938.

400. Cimex dissimilis.

References. - Fokker (1885: 78, as C. pipistrellae Ko-

lenati); Reclaire (1932: 146, as pipistrelli; 1936: 251, as

pipistrelli and dissimilis; 1943: 112, as pipistrelli); Péri-

cart (1972: 296-298, as pipistrelli and dissimili).

Published records. - ® N-Holland: Amsterdam, Aals-

meer, Haarlem (Reclaire 1936 1943).

Unpublished records. - ® Utrecht: Driebergen, viii, J.

Oudemans (RML, Museum Helsinki) (Fokker 1885 and

Péricart 1972, as pipistrelli); Groenekan, ix.1936, 2 9, H.

Vink (ZMA).

Present status. — Not recorded since 1940: Haarlem,

De Hout, 19.ix, L. Bels (ZMA).

401. Cimex pipistrelli

References. — Fokker (1885: 78); Péricart (1972: 296-

297).

Note. - With the exception of Zierikzee (Fokker 1885)

all published records of C. pipistrelli thusfar (Fokker

1885; Reclaire 1936, 1943; Péricart 1972) concern speci-

mens of C. dissimilis.

Published records. — ® Zeeland: Zierikzee (Fokker

1985).

Unpublished records. — ® Friesland: Berlikum, 28 &

30.vi.1967, P. E van Heerdt (ZMA); Tjerkwerd,

14.11.1977, A. M. Voûte et al. (ZMA); Ibid., 29.11.1977, B.

Aukema.

402. Empicoris baerensprungi

References. — Reclaire (1932: 139).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Baarn (Reclaire 1932).

Fig. 92. Coranus subapterus.

Fig. 93. Coranus woodroffei.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 15)

® Gelderland: Leuvenum (Reclaire ,1932).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Hall, 5.vii.1987,

1 g, B. Aukema.

405. Pygolampis bidentata

References. — Fokker (1886: 298); Reclaire (1932:

139); Arnoud (1958); Cobben (1958: 16).

Published records. — ® Gelderland: Vorden, ix, 1 larva,

Groll (Fokker 1886). © N-Brabant: Deurne, 17.vi.1914,

1 6, D. MacGillavry (Reclaire 1932). © Limburg: Linne,

25.v.1944, 1 larva; Herkenbosch, 11.viii.1947, young lar-

vae, R. H. Cobben (Cobben 1958); Colmont, 19.vi.1958,

larva, Br. Arnoud (Arnoud 1958).

Unpublished records. - © N-Brabant: vicinity of Eind-

hoven, 1 8, C. Berger (P).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1958.

407. Rhynocoris annulatus (fig. 91)

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 310, as

Harpactor annulatus); Fokker (1884: 129; 1899: 35); Re-

claire (1932: 140, as Rhinocoris iracundus (Poda); 1951:

10).

Published records. - ® Drenthe: Dwingeloo (Reclaire

(1951). ® N-Brabant: Ulvenhout (Snellen van Vollenho-

ven 1878); Eindhoven (Reclaire 1950). ® Limburg:

Gronsveld, Venlo (Fokker 1899); Valkenburg (Reclaire

1932).

Unpublished records. - © Drenthe: Dwingeloo,

11.vi.1967, 1 6 (ZMA); Wijster, 28.v.1978, 1 & 8.vi.1979,

28.v, 6 & 10.vi.1980, 6-7.viii.1984, in window traps, B.

Aukema (AU, W). © N-Brabant: Ginneken, 9.vi.1878, 1

®, E.J. M. Heylaerts (ZMA); Oisterwijk, 17.v. 1894, 1 6

(RML). © Limburg: Meerlo-Wanssum, Geijsteren,

20.v.1950, M. van den Boorn (P).

Fig. 94. Aneurus laevis.

408. Coranus subapterus (fig. 92)

409. Coranus woodroffei f. nov. spec.(fig. 93)

References. — Putshkov (1982).

Revision of material identified as C. subapterus reve-

aled both subapterus and woodroffei as widespread and

common species in the Netherlands.

410. Phymata crassipes

References. - Fokker (1899: 34).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Groesbeek,

27.vii.1890, 1 specimen, Groll (RML) (Fokker 1899).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1890.

412. Aradus corticalis

References. - Fokker (1899: 35); Cobben (1987).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Winterswijk,

xi.1910, 1 Q and exuvium, D. L. Uyttenboogaart (ZMA)

(Cobben 1987). ® Z-Holland: Den Haag, vi.1894, Everts

(RML) (Fokker 1899).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1910.

414. Aradus signaticornis

References. - Cobben (1987).

Fig. 95. Piesma quadratum. Published records. - © Gelderland: Wageningen,

74 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

15.v.1985, 1 6, R. H. Cobben (Cobben 1987).

Unpublished records. - © N-Brabant: Helenaveen, 10-

30.viii.1987, K. Alders (ZMA); Ibid., 9.ix.1987, B. Au-

kema.

415. Aneurus avenius

References. - Aukema (1976b).

Published records. - © Limburg: Epen, Terziet, Val-

kenburg, Vijlen (Aukema 1976b).

Unpublished records. - © Drenthe: Mantinge,

31.v.1981, 1 9, Y. Jongema (AU). ® Limburg: Vijlen,

9.iii.1965, 1 4, Br. Arnoud.

416. Aneurus laevis (fig. 94)

References. - Aukema (1976b).

Present status. - Widespread.

418. Piesma quadratum (fig. 95)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 125; 1936: 249; 1940:

108; 1951:9); Woudstra (1959).

Note. - The specimens from Texel (Reclaire 1951)

belong to P. salsolae (Gravestein 1958).

Published records. - ® N-Holland: Zaandam (Woud-

stra 1959). ® Zeeland: Zierikzee, Walcheren (Reclaire

1932); Middelburg (Reclaire 1936); Rilland-Bath (Re-

claire 1940); Nieuw en St. Joosland, Vrouwenpolder (Re-

claire 1951).

Unpublished records. - ® Drenthe: Wijster, 22.i &

6.vii.1976, B. Aukema; Ibid., 31.viii.1977, J. H. Woudstra.

Beernink; Ibid., 2.ix.1967, J. H. Woudstra; Zaandam,

10.ix.1960, J. Beernink. ® Z-Holland: Oost-Voorne,

9.vi.1969 & 19.vi.1970 (ZMA). ® Zeeland: Vrouwenpol-

der, 8.vii.1954 & Nieuw- en St. Joosland, 28.ii.1965, P. J.

Brakman (P); Krabbendijk, 14.viii.1983, 1 g, K. den

Bieman; Vlissingen, 21 & 27-28.vii.1986, B. Aukema. ®

N-Brabant: Breda, 27.vi.1964, H. J. van der Krift (ZMA);

Bergen op Zoom, 19.ix.1983, B. van Aartsen (ZMA). ®

Limburg: Beegden, 29.v.1980, K. den Bieman.

419. Piesma salsolae

References. — Gravestein (1959).

Published records. - © N-Holland: Texel, Slufter,

26.viii. 1946 & Ibid., De Koog, 26.viii.1946 & 29.vii. 1947,

W. H. Gravestein (ZMA).

Present status. - Only recorded from the West Frisian

Island of Texel, where it was also caught by J. H. Woud-

stra (6.1x.1972) and B. Aukema (29.viii.1974).

424. Berytinus montivagus

References. — Fokker (1883: 248; 1885: 51; 1891: 357).

Note. - The specimen recorded by Fokker (1883) from

Utrecht is not traceable and therefore ommitted from the

list. The record from Limburg (Heerderberg) in Blöte

(1954) concerns B. minor.

Published records. - ® Zeeland: Zierikzee (Fokker

1885; 1891).

Unpublished records. — ® Zeeland: Vlissingen, 15, 16

& 21.vii.1986, B. Aukema.

428. Metatropis rufescens

References. - Loof (1955); Cobben (19562).

Published records. — ® Limburg: Valkenburg (Loof

1955); Swalmen (Cobben 1956a).

Unpublished records. — ® Overijssel: Ootmarsum, 7-

9.vii.1972, J. H. Woudstra & B. Aukema. @ Limburg:

Bunde, 8.vi.1981, 1 4, K. den Bieman.

429. Lygaeus equestris

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 91-92);

Reclaire (1936: 246; 1951: 246).

Note. - The record from Amsterdam (Reclaire 1951)

most likely concerns an imported specimen.

Published records. — ® Friesland: locality unknown

(Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878). ® Limburg: Maastricht

(Reclaire 1936).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1935: Maastricht,

3.vii, Maessen (NMM).

430. Spilostethus saxatilis

References. - Fokker (1884: 113, as Lygaeus saxatilis).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht, A. H.

Maurissen (RML) (Fokker 1884).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1884.

435. Ortholomus punctipennis

References. — Brakman (1952: 130, as Nysius puncti-

pennis); Gravestein (1952a: cxviii); Cobben (1958: 16);

Aukema & Woudstra (1985).

Published records. - © Zeeland: Domburg (Brakman

1952; Gravestein 1952). ® Z-Holland: Voorne, ’s-Gra-

venzande (Cobben 1958). ® N-Holland: Egmond aan

Zee (Aukema & Woudstra 1985).

Unpublished records. - ® N-Holland: Egmond aan

Zee, 14.viii.1985, J. H. Woudstra; IJmuiden, 14.viii.1986,

B. Aukema; Ibid., 21.viii.1986, J. H. Woudstra.

436. Orsillus depressus

References. - Aukema (19882).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Nijmegen, Wage-

ningen (Aukema 1989a). ® N-Holland: Naarden (Au-

kema 1989a).

Present status. — Collected since 1985 on Chamae-

cyparis lawsoniana (Murr) Parl., apparently spreading.

Introduced with seeds of Thuja occidentalis L. in 1966

(PDW).

437. Kleidocerys privignus f. nov. spec.

(fig. 96)

Records: ® Zeeland: Domburg, Westhoven,

28.vi.1983, B. Aukema; Oostkapelle, 1.vii.1983 &

18.vii.1986, B. Aukema. ® N-Brabant: Eindhoven, Bokt,

24.iv & 12.xii. 1982, 15.v.1985, H. W. van der Wolf; Ibid.,

16.v.1985, B. Aukema & H. W. van der Wolf; Ibid. & De

Bochten, 30.xii.1982, B. Aukema, H. W. van der Wolf &

J. H. Woudstra; Nederwetten, 2.1.1983, H. W. van der

Wolf; Haarsteeg, 27.11.1983, Oudheusden, 5.111.1983 &

Capelle, 13.11.1983, A. P. J. A. Teunissen; Soerendonk,

20.1.1983 & Son, 12.x1.1987, H. W. van der Wolf. ®

Limburg: Swalmen, Wieler, 29.iv.1983, B. Aukema.

Fig. 96. Kleidocerys privignus.

Fig. 97. Cymus melanocephalus.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 75

Present status. - Widespread in the southern provinces

on alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner), especially near

and above water. Rare.

439. Kleidocerys truncatulus ericae f. nov. spec.

Note. - Slater (1964) erroneously lists K. truncatulus

ericae for the Netherlands due to misinterpretation of

Reclaire (1932).

Records. - ® N-Holland: Texel, 't Mientje, 6.ix.1972,

J. H. Woudstra; Ibid., 29.viii.1974, B. Aukema.

Present status. — Collected on Calluna vulgaris (L.)

Hull on one locality only. Despite some efforts not found

there again since 1974.

440. Cymus aurescens

Synonym: C. obliguus Horvath (Josifov & Kerzhner

1978).

443. Cymus melanocephalus (fig. 97)

References. - Cobben (1948: 50); Reclaire (1951: 6).

Present status. — After its discovery in 1947 C. mela-

nocephalus has appeared to be widespread and locally

common.

445. Geocoris ater

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 134-

135).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Driebergen, vii, 1 9,

G. A. Six (RML).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1878.

447. Geocoris megacephalus

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 135, as

Ophthalmicus pallidipennis); Reclaire (1932: 98-99).

Published records. - ® Zeeland: Vlissingen (Snellen

van Vollenhoven 1878); Cadzand, Domburg (Reclaire

1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1902: Cadzand, vii,

A. J. F. Fokker (RML).

448. Metopoplax ditomoides

References. - Reclaire (1951).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Gronsveld,

21.vi.1948, 1 6, P. van der Wiel (ZMA) (Reclaire 1951).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1948.

449. Oxycarenus modestus (fig. 98)

References. - Cobben (1951: 52-53); Aukema (1976a)

Published records. - © Limburg: Melick-Herkenbosch

(Cobben 1951); Wieler, Jabeek (Aukema 1976a).

Unpublished records. — © Gelderland: Dreumel,

11.iv.1981, 1 9, K. den Bieman; Lienden, 27.iii.1983, 1 4,

R. H. Cobben. © N-Brabant: Eindhoven, Bokt, 30.x.1977,

1 6, H. W. van der Wolf; Ibid., 30.xii. 1982; Vlijmen,

15.v.1982, A. P. J. A. Teunissen (ZMA); Ibid., 5.vii. 1982,

C.J. M. Berger (ZMA, P); Haarsteeg, 13.iii.1983, A. P. J.

A. Theunissen (ZMA); Best, 16.v.1985, B. Aukema. ®

Limburg: Wieler, l.viii.1980 & 29.iv.1983, B. Aukema;

Epen, 8.vi.1985, B. Aukema.

76 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

450. Tropidophlebia costalis

References. - Reclaire (1932: 100, as Camptotelus li-

neolatus Schilling; 1943: 109, as C. costalis).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Soest (Reclaire 1943).

® N-Holland: Hilversum (Reclaire 1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1943: Soest, 9.vi,

A. Reclaire (ZMA).

454. Plinthisus pusillus (fig. 99)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 105, 258; 1948: 42; 1951:

a).

Published records. - © Drenthe: Roden (Reclaire

1948). ® Gelderland: Otterlo (Reclaire 1932). ® N-Hol-

land: Aerdenhout, Hilversum (Reclaire 1932); Texel, De

Koog (Reclaire 1951). ® Z-Holland: Wassenaar, Katwijk

(Reclaire 1932). ® N-Brabant: Breda (Reclaire 1932).

Unpublished records. - ® N-Holland: Hilversum,

22.ix.1934, 26.v.1935, 3.ix.1938 & 20.viii.1940, A. Re-

claire (ZMA); Laren, 3.iii.1935, A. Reclaire (ZMA). € Z-

Holland: Oostvoorne, 24.vii.1956, R. H. Cobben; Noord-

wijk, 13.ix.1987, 1 4, K. den Bieman. ® Gelderland:

Hoenderloo, 5.ix.1982, 1 ®, K. den Bieman.

455. Tropistethus holosericeus (fig. 100)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 103; 1934: 50; 1936: 247;

1940: 107); Blöte (1954: 84).

Published records. - © Utrecht: Rhenen (Reclaire

1940). ® Z-Holland: Wassenaar (Reclaire 1936). ® Lim-

burg: Maastricht (Reclaire 1932 1934; Blöte 1954); Be-

melen (Reclaire 1936); Eijs (Reclaire 1940).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Bemelen,

10.ix.1966, P. J. Brakman (P); Colmont, 14.v.1966 &

1.vii.1967, Mheer, 18.vii.1968 & 9.v.1970, P. Poot.

456. Drymus latus

References. — Reclaire (1932: 115, as D. confusus;

1936: 248).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht (Reclaire

1932); Bemelen, Eijs, Schin op Geul, Wijlre (Reclaire

1936).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Colmont,

7.iv.1963, 1 6, P. J. Brakman (RML).

457. Drymus pilicornis

References. — Fokker (1884); Reclaire (1951: 8).

Published records. - ® N-Holland: Haarlem, ix, Groll

(RML) (Fokker 1884); Heemstede, 31.vii.1942, 1 @, D.

L. Uyttenboogaart (ZMA) (Reclaire 1950).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1942.

459. Drymus pumilio

References. - Aukema (1986a).

Published records. - € Zeeland: Cadzand (Aukema

1986a). ® Limburg: Maastricht, Mechelen (Aukema

1986a).

Present status. - Local, very rare. Three 9 were collec-

ted at different localities between 1921 and 1960.

Fig. 98. Oxycarenus modestus.

Fig. 99. Plinthisus pusillus.

AUKEMA:

Fig. 100. Tropistethus holosericeus.

Fig. 101. Drymus reyis.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera Vi

460. Drymus ryeii (fig. 101)

References. - Cobben (1958a: 5, as D. picinus Rey).

Present status. - Widespread and common.

464. Eremocoris podagricus

References. — Reclaire (1932: 117; 1936: 248; 1940:

108; 1948: 42; 1951: 8); Brakman (1952: 130); Blöte

(1954).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht (Reclaire

1932, 1948; Blöte 1954); Valkenburg, Wijlre (Reclaire

1936); Bunde (Reclaire 1940); Bemelen (1951). ® Zee-

land: Oostkapelle (Brakman 1952).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Vaals, 10.v.1964 &

Bemelen, 10.ix.1966, P. Poot; Oud-Valkenburg, Gerendal,

6.vi, l.vii & 16.7.1977, C. Dolleman.

468. Lamproplax picea

References. — Reclaire (1943: 110, as Drymus piceus;

1948: 42); Aukema & Alderweireldt (1989, in press).

Published records. — ® Friesland: Schiermonnikoog

(Aukema & Alderweireldt 1989). ® Drenthe: Wijster

(Aukema & Alderweireldt 1989). ® Gelderland: Winters-

wijk (Reclaire 1943). ® Limburg: Haelen (Reclaire

1948); Herkenbosch, Meijnweg (Aukema & Alderwei-

reldt 1989)

472. Scolopostethus pilosus

References. - Reclaire (1932: 119; 1943: 110).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Varsseveld (Re-

claire 1932); Winterswijk (Reclaire 1943).

Unpublished records. — © Overijssel: Kalenberg,

Weerribben, 20.v.1978, 1 ®, C. Dolleman.

473. Scolopostethus pseudograndis f.

nov. spec.

Note. - Miss B. Berkhout discovered this species revi-

sing the Scolopostethus material in the Leiden Museum

(RML).

Records. — © Limburg: Maastricht, St. Pietersberg,

16.viii.1950, 1 6, 17.x.1950, 2 4, 1 Q & Gronsveld, Rie-

senberg, 20.x.1950, 1 9, H. C. Blöte et al. (RML).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1950.

477. Taphropeltus hamulatus

References. - Reclaire (1932: 119; 1936: 249; 1940:

108).

Note. - the specimen from Hilversum (Reclaire 1940)

belongs to T. contractus.

Published records. - ® Zeeland: Zierikzee (Reclaire

1932). © Limburg: Eijs (Reclaire 1932); Schin op Geul

(Reclaire 1936).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Wijlre, 11-

12.viii.1958 & 10.viii.1959, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA);

Colmont, á.iv.1959, W. Hellinga (ZMA); Ibid., 6.iv.1965,

P. Poot (ZMA) & 8-9.iv & l.vii.1967, P. Poot; Mheer,

9.v.1970, P. Poot.

479. Lasiosomus enervis

References. — Reclaire (1940: 107); Brakman (1952:

130).

78 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Published records. — ® Zeeland: Oostkapelle,

27.vi.1949, P. J. Brakman (RML) (Brakman 1952). ®

Limburg: Eijs, 13.ix.1936, 1 8, A. Reclaire (ZMA) (Re-

claire 1940).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Vaals, 13.vi. 1956,

1g, 1 9, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1956.

484. Pachybrachius luridus (fig. 102)

References. — Fokker (1886: 298, as Plociomerus luri-

dus; Reclaire (1932: 101; 1936: 247; 1943: 109).

Published records. - ® Drenthe: Gasteren (Reclaire

1936); Wijster (Reclaire 1943). ® Gelderland: Winters-

wijk (Fokker 1886); Arnhem (Reclaire 1932). ® Utrecht:

Baarn, Vinkeveen (Reclaire 1932). ® N-Holland: Anke-

veen (Reclaire 1932); Kortenhoef (Reclaire 1936).

Unpublished records. — © Gelderland: Tongeren,

22.1x.1983, 1 À, 1 9, K. den Bieman (AU, BI). ® N-

Holland: Kortenhoef, 16.vi.1951, H. Smit (ZMA).

485. Aellopus atratus

References. - Reclaire (1932: 109); Cobben (1958: 16).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Bemelen (Reclaire

1932); Schin op Geul (Reclaire 1936; Cobben 1958).

Unpublished records. — © Limburg: Bemelen,

23.ix.1949, R. Batten (P); Ibid., 15.viti.1966, P. Poot &

10.ix.1966, P. Poot (ZMA); Valkenburg, 22.vi.1965, P.

Poot.

488. Peritrechus angusticollis

References. — Reclaire (1936: 248).

Published records. — ® Limburg: Schinveld,

24.x11.1934, 1 9, J. Cremers (NMM) (Reclaire 1936).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Belfeld, 22.vi.1985,

1 6, H. Peeters (P).

490. Peritrechus lundii (fig. 103)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 108, as P. sylvestris;

1936: 248; 1940: 107; 1948: 42; 1951: 8).

Present status. - Formerly widespread, but rare. Col-

lected for the last time in 1951: Vogelenzang, Amster-

damse Waterleidingduinen, 19.v (ZMA).

495. Raglius alboacuminatus

References. - Cobben (1948: 50; 1953: 186-187).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Vlodrop, Roermond

(Cobben 1948, 1953).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1951: Vlodrop, St.

Ludwig, 17.viii, R. H. Cobben (AU, CB, LUW).

496. Megalonotus antennatus

References. - Fokker (1886: 298, as Rhyparochromus

antennatus), Reclaire (1932: 101, 258, as Rhyparochro-

mus), Aukema (1983).

Note. - The specimen mentioned by Fokker (1886)

from Vorden (ix, Groll), most likely concerns the speci-

men from Warnsveld (3.ix.1885, leg. Groll) in the Am-

sterdam Museum.

Published records. — © Gelderland: Warnsveld (Re-

claire 1932). © Limburg: Schin op Geul (Reclaire 1932);

Wahlwiller (Aukema 1983).

Fig. 102. Pachybrachius luridus.

Fig. 103. Peritrechus lundi.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 79

Unpublished records. - © Friesland: Schiermonni-

koog, 14.v.1961, G. Stobbe (FNM). ® Limburg: Colmont,

3.viii.1960, 11.v.1963 & 11.v.1965, Br. Arnoud (CB); Ibid.,

6.iv & 3.vii.1965, 15.x.1968, P. Poot (P, ZMA); Ibid,

ix.1969, C. Berger (P); Ibid, Wrakelberg, 6.v.1977 &

7.v.1979, C. Dolleman; Wahlwiller, Kruisberg, 16 &

28.vii.1977, C. Dolleman.

500. Megalonotus sabulicola (fig. 104)

References. — Fokker (1884: 117); Reclaire (1932: 103;

1934: 50; 1936: 247; 1951: 7).

Present status. - Widespread, but restricted to sandy

soils.

503. Emblethis griseus

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 96-97,

as Pachymerus griseus); Brakman (1952: 130, as E. ver-

basci).

Published records. - ® Zeeland: Walcheren (Snellen

van Vollenhoven 1878; Fokker 1884, as verbasci; Reclaire

1932, as verbasci); Domburg, 6.vii-18.viii.1951, P. J. Brak-

man (RML, P) (Brakman 1952).

Unpublished records. - ® Zeeland: Domburg,

1.vii.1983, 12 & 14.vii.1986, B. Aukema.

Present status. - Uncertain, because in 1987 the locality

was destroyed when the dykes were raised.

504. Emblethis verbasci

Fig. 104. Megalonotus sabulicola. References. - Reclaire (1932: 114).

Published records. - © N-Brabant: Bergen op Zoom

(Reclaire 1932). ® Limburg: Schin op Geul (Reclaire

1932).

m Present status. - Not recorded since 1944: Schin op

Geul, vii, 1 6, A. Reclaire (ZMA).

510. Trapezonotus desertus (fig. 105)

References. - Woodroffe (1960).

Present status. - Common on heather heaths.

513. Dicranocephalus agilis

References. - Cobben (1948: 50); Blöte (1954: 84).

Note. - The specimens recorded from Arnhem, cited

by Fokker (1883) belong to D. medius and the one from

Den Haag (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878) is not trace-

able (Cobben 1948).

Published records. — © Limburg: Vlodrop (Cobben

1948); Maastricht (Blöte 1954).

Unpublished records. - © N-Holland: Zaandam,

25.vii.1963, 1 9, ex larva, J. H. Woudstra (specimen of

doubtful origin). ® N-Brabant: Woensdrecht, 26.ix.1955,

1 9, P.J. Brakman.

514. Dicranocephalus medius

References. - Fokker (1883: 246-247, as D. agilis);

Cobben (1948: 50); Gravestein (1952a: cxvi); Blöte

(1954: 84); Loof (1956).

Note. - One unlabelled though probably Dutch speci-

men in the collection of the Dutch Entomological Society

(Fokker 1883).

Published records. - ® N-Holland: Vogelenzang (Loof

Fig. 105. Trapezonotus desertus. 1956). ® Gelderland: Arnhem (Fokker 1883, as agilis;

80 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 106. Gonocerus acuteangulatus. Fig. 107. Gonocerus juniperi.

Fig. 108. Bathysolen nubilus. Fig. 109. Corizus hyoscyami.

AUKEMA:

Fig. 110. Rhopalus subrufus.

Fig. 111. Stictopleurus abutilon abutilon.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 81

Cobben 1948). ® Limburg: Vlodrop (Cobben 1948), Rij-

kel (Gravestein 1952a), Maastricht (Blöte 1954).

Unpublished records: ® Limburg: Rijkel, 17.vi.1953, P.

J. Brakman (P); Swalmen, 20.vi.1965, 1 4, P. J. Brakman

(P).

515. Gonocerus acuteangulatus (fig. 106)

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 60-61,

as G. venator); Reclaire (1932: 256; 1951: 4, as G. juniperi

from Herkenbosch); Cobben (1953: 174; 1958: 15-16).

Published records. — ® Gelderland: Arnhem, Ooster-

beek (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878). ® Limburg: Hou-

them, Bunde, Venlo (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878);

Herkenbosch, Vlodrop, Boukoul (Cobben 1953); Bunde

(Reclaire 1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1950: Vlodrop,

27.vii, R. H. Cobben.

516. Gonocerus juniperi (fig. 107)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 84; 1951: 4); Gravestein

(1943: viii).

Note. - The record from Herkenbosch (Reclaire 1950)

concerns G. acuteangulatus (Cobben 1958).

Published records. - ® Overijssel: Ommen (Reclaire

1932); Lemelerberg (Gravestein 1943). ® N-Brabant:

Lierop, Deurne (Reclaire 1951).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Venray, 28.viii-

25.1x.1951, R. H. Cobben (CB, LUW, NMM).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1951.

522. Arenocoris waltlii

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 66-67,

as Pseudophloeus waltlii), Fokker (1891: 357, as Pseudo-

phlaeus waltlii), Reclaire (1932: 86, 256, as Pseudo-

phloeus waltlt).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Nijmegen (Fokker

1891); Buren (Reclaire 1932). ® Zeeland: Walcheren

(Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878); Vlissingen (Reclaire

1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1892: Buren, vii,

H. J. Veth (RML).

523. Bathysolen nubilus (fig. 108)

References. — Reclaire (1936: 246; 1948: 40); Blöte

(1954: 84).

Published records. - © Limburg: Bemelen, Schin op

Geul (Reclaire 1936); Roermond (Reclaire 1948); Maas-

tricht (Blöte 1954).

Unpublished records. - © Limburg: Kerkrade, 14. viii

& 1.1x.1936, Willemse (ZMA); Schinveld, 30.viii. 1936,

Willemse (ZMA); Schin op Geul, 10.viii.1941, M. van den

Boorn (P); Vlodrop, 23.v & 20.vii.1948; Heel, 14.ix.1953,

1 g, R. H. Cobben; Venlo, 15.ix.1982, B. van Aartsen

(ZMA); Ibid., 17.vi.1982 & 21.v.1983, B. Aukema; Ibid.,

3.viii.1983, B. Aukema & J. H. Woudstra; Maastricht, St.

Pietersberg, 18.viii & 2.ix.1983, 29.viii.1984, B. Aukema.

527. Liorhyssus hyalinus

References. - Reclaire (1936: 246).

Published records. — © Gelderland: Nunspeet,

viii.1923, 1 9, D. MacGillavry (ZMA) (Reclaire 1936).

82 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Present status. - Not recorded since 1923.

528. Corizus hyoscyami (fig. 109)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 89, as Therapha hyosci-

ami; 136: 246; 1948: 41; 1951: 5).

Present status. - Widespread, but rare. Not recorded

between 1949 and 1977. Since then only in Limburg:

Gronsveld (J. H. Woudstra); Kunrade, Maastricht, Vlo-

drop (B. van Aartsen, ZMA).

530. Rhopalus subrufus (fig. 110)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 90, 257, as Corizus subru-

fus), 1934: 49; 1940: 106; 1943: 108; 1951: 5).

Published records. — @ Friesland: locality unknown

(Reclaire 1932). © Utrecht: Driebergen (Reclaire 1932).

® N-Holland: Velsen (Reclaire 1951). ® Limburg:

Eijsden, Schin op Geul (Reclaire 1932); Houthem (Re-

claire 1932); Gronsveld (Reclaire 1934); Wijlre (Reclaire

1940); Valkenburg (Reclaire 1932, 1943); Geulhem (Re-

claire 1951).

Unpublished records. - @ N-Holland: Heemskerk,

14.x.1951, J. H. Woudstra; Ibid., 16.v.1959, J. Beernink. ©

Limburg: Maastricht, St. Pietersberg, 12.vi.1935 (NMM);

Ibid, 18.vii.1983 & 29.viii.1984, B. Aukema; Roermond,

15.v.1949, 1 9, R. H. Cobben; Vlodrop, 22.ix.1951, R. H.

Cobben.

534. Stictopleurus abutilon abutilon (fig. 111)

References. — Cobben (1948: 50; 1951: 53); Reclaire

(1951: 5); Brakman (1952: 130); Blöte (1954: 84).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Kootwijk (Reclaire

1951). ® Zeeland: Oostkapelle (Brakman 1952). ® N-

Brabant: Eindhoven (Reclaire 1951). © Limburg: Beesel,

Boukoul, Linne, Melick, Herkenbosch, Roermond, St.

Odiliënberg, Vlodrop (Cobben 1948; Reclaire TOSI

Haelen (Cobben 1951); Maastricht (Blöte 1954).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Nijmegen,

31.viti.1986, D. J. Hermes; Pannerden, 19.vi.1977, C. Dol-

leman. ® Utrecht: Maartensdijk, 28.vii.1950, W. H. Gra-

vestein (ZMA). ® N-Brabant: Best, 7.ix.1950, M. van den

Boorn (P); Ibid., 9.x.1976 & 24.viii.1974, H. W. van der

Wolf (AU); Eindhoven, Ekkersrijt, 8.x.1976, H. W. van

der Wolf (AU). ® Limburg: Heerlen, 25.vi.1949, Br.

Arnoldus (ZMA); Echt, 16.viii.1949, R. H. Cobben; Me-

lick-Herkenbosch, 26.viii & 9.ix.1949, 21.ix.1951 & 14.ix.

1953, R. H. Cobben; Koningsbosch, 21.v.1949, R. H.

Cobben; Maastricht, St. Pietersberg, 26.ix.1983, 2.ix &

15.x.1984, B. van Aartsen (ZMA); Ibid, 8-11.vii &

2.1x.1983, B. Aukema; Mook, 21.viii.1983, K. den Bieman;

Schaesberg, 1.v & 22.vi.1987, G. R. langohr (RML).

Present status. - Widespread, but rare. Collected in two

distinct periods: 1947-1953 and since 1976.

535. Stictopleurus punctatonervosus

(fig. 112)

References. — Blöte (1950: 19-20; 1954: 84); Cobben

(1951: 53); Arnoud (1958).

Published records. — ® Limburg: Maastricht (Blöte

1950, 1954); Melick-Herkenbosch (Cobben 195 1), Bruns-

sum (Arnoud 1958); Bemelen, Cadier, Keer (Blöte 1954).

Unpublished records. — @ Gelderland: Nijmegen,

Fig. 112. Srictopleurus punctatonervosus.

Fig. 113. Aethus nigrita.

AUKEMA:

459. Drymus pumilio. Scale: 1 mm.

31.viii.1986, 17.iv & 19.vii.1987, D. J. Hermes; Ibid.,

6.xi.1987, B. Aukema; Tolkamer, 9.viii.1988, G. Morseld.

12.x.1985, B. van Aartsen (ZMA). ® Limburg: Vlodrop,

22.1x.1951 & 2.viii.1954, R. H. Cobben; Ibid., 10.vii.1981

& 1.1x.1984, B. van Aartsen (ZMA); Maastricht,

l.viii.1972, 26-27.ix.1983, 17 & 21.vii, 18.viii, 2.ix &

15.x.1984, B. van Aartsen (ZMA); Ibid., 22.ix.1975,

24.viii & 14.ix.1983, 29.viii.1984 and 7.vi.1985, B. Au-

kema; Venlo, 17.vii.1979, 17.vi.1980, 7.vii & 15.ix.1982,

22.vi, 16.vii & 1.x1.1984, B. van Aartsen (ZMA); Ibid.

30.x.1982, B. Aukema & 3.viii.1983, B. Aukema & J. H.

Woudstra; Colmont, 27.ix.1983, B. van Aartsen (ZMA);

Nijswiller, 19.viii.1987, G. R. langohr (RML).

541. Sehirus morio

References. - Fokker (1883: 241); Reclaire (1932: 65);

Cobben (1953: 172).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Bilthoven (Reclaire

1932). ® Gelderland: Arnhem (Fokker 1883; Reclaire

1932). ® Limburg: Montfort (Cobben 1953).

Unpublished records. - © Utrecht: Maartensdijk,

Groenekan, 2.vii.1950, W. J. Kabos (ZMA).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1950.

543. Aethus nigrita (fig. 113)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 63, as Cydnus nigrita;

1936: 244; 1951: 2); Cobben (1953: 172); Brakman (1960:

24).

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 83

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Nijmegen, Putten,

Wageningen (Reclaire 1932); Laag-Soeren (Reclaire

1936). ® N-Holland: Hilversum (Reclaire 1932, 1936).

®© Z-Holland: ‘s-Gravenzande (Reclaire 1951). © Zee-

land: Zierikzee (Reclaire 1932); Zoutelande (Brakman

1960). © N-Brabant: Uden (Reclaire 1932). © Limburg:

Maasniel, Melick, Roermond (Reclaire 1951); Rijkel

(Cobben 1953).

Unpublished records. — @ Gelderland: Arnhem,

19.v.1898 (ZMA); Ibid., 20.iv, G. A. Six (RML); Velp,

2l.iv & 2-4.v.1901 (ZMA); Wageningen, 19.vi.1951

(LUW). e N-Brabant: Bergen op Zoom, 2.ix.1962, P. J.

Brakman (P). ® Limburg: Heijthuizen, 16.iv.1950, C.

Berger (P); Lomm, 25.viii.1968, P. Poot; Venlo, 23-

25.v1.1981, B. Aukema.

544. Cydnus aterrimus

References. — Gravestein (1952a: cxviii); Cobben

(1953: 177).

Published records. - ® Limburg: Rijkel, 1.vii.1951, W.

H. Gravestein, R. H. Cobben & P. J. Brakman (Gravestein

1952a).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1951.

547. Odontoscelis lineola

Synonym: O. dorsalis auct. nec Fabricius.

References. - Göllner-Scheiding (1986) showed that

the West European specimens recorded as Odontoscelis

dorsalis in fact belong to O. lineola Rambur, whereas the

true dorsalis is a southern species, not occurring on the

European continent.

548. Phimodera humeralis

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 19-20,

as P. galgulina), Reclaire (1932: 68; 1936: 245; 1943:

107).

Published records. - ® Utrecht: Soest (Reclaire 1943).

® N-Holland: Bergen aan Zee (Reclaire 1936). © Z-

Holland: Scheveningen (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878;

Reclaire 1932).

Unpublished records. - © Gelderland: Apeldoorn,

1901, 1 9 (ZMA).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1941: Soest, 4.v,

R. Tolman (ZMA).

549. Eurygaster austriaca (fig. 114)

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 15, as

Tetyra hottentotta F.), Fokker (1883: 240, as E. hotten-

totta); Reclaire (1932: 69; 1936: 245).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Velp (Fokker

1883). © Utrecht: Utrecht (Fokker 1883). © N-Holland:

Overveen (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878); Haarlem

(Fokker 1883). ® Z-Holland: Den Haag (Snellen van

Vollenhoven 1878). ® Zeeland: Walcheren, Zierikzee

(Fokker 1883); Westenschouwen (Reclaire 1936). ®

Limburg: Venlo (Reclaire 1932); Schin op Geul (Reclaire

1936).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1935: Schin op

Geul, 15.ix, A. Reclaire (ZMA).

84 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

552. Graphosoma lineatum (fig. 115)

References. — Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 17, as

Trigonosoma nigrolineata Rossi); Blöte (1950a); Cobben

(1958: 15); Arnoud (1958).

Published records. - © N-Brabant: without locality

(Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878). ® Limburg: Amby, Be-

melerberg, 1948, D. Piet; Maastricht, Cannerbos,

19.v.1950, 1 9, C. v. Heijningen (RML) (Blöte 1950a);

Echt,17.vi.1951, 1 g, 1 9, R. Geurts (CB), Epen, begin

vi.1953, V. Westhoff et al. (Cobben 1958); Terwinselen,

15.v.1948 & Heerlen, 28.vu.195 1, Br. Arnoud & J. van Loo

(Arnoud 1958).

Unpublished records. — © Limburg: Bemelen,

19.viii. 1965, Br. Virgilius (P).

560. Rubiconia intermedia

References. - Reclaire (1932: 73; 196: 245); Cobben

(1958a: 3-4).

Published records. - € Gelderland: Vierhouten (Re-

claire 1932); ? Apeldoorn (Reclaire 1936); Ede (Cobben

1958a).

Unpublished records. — © Overijssel: Nijverdal,

5.x.1972, B. van Aartsen (ZMA). ® Gelderland: Gortel,

4-6.x.1983, 16 & 23.x.1983, B. van Aartsen (ZMA, P);

Ibid., 6.x & 11.xi.1984, B. van Aartsen (P); Hoog Soeren,

2.1x.1984, B. van Aartsen (ZMA, P); Ibid., 15.xi. 1984, B.

van Aartsen (P); Terlet, 29.vii, 15.viii & 28.ix.1984, B. van

Aartsen (P).

561. Holcostethus sphacelatus

References. - Reclaire (1932: 74, as Peribalus sphace-

latus).

Published records. — © Limburg: Zuid-Limburg,

vi.1909, 1 4, D. L. Uyttenboogaart (ZMA) (Reclaire

1932).

Unpublished records. - ® Limburg: Maastricht, St.

Pietersberg, 26.ix.1983, 1 specimen, B. van Aartsen

(ZMA). Furthermore one 9 labelled ‘Holland, v. Voll.’

(RML).

562. Holcostethus vernalis (fig. 116)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 74, as Peribalus vernalis;

1936: 245; 1940: 105; 1943: 107; 1951: 3); Brakman

(1952: 131); Cobben (1953: 173).

Published records. - ® Z-Holland: Meijendel (Reclaire

1932). ® Zeeland: Oostkapelle (Brakman 1952). ® Lim-

burg: Zuid-Limburg (Reclaire 1932); Heek (Reclaire

1936); Schin op Geul (Reclaire 1940); Bemelen (Reclaire

1943); Vlodrop (Reclaire 1951; Cobben 1953).

Unpublished records. - ® N-Holland: Vogelenzang,

2.vi.1957, J. van der Wiel (ZMA). © Limburg: Bunde,

ix.1936 (NMM); Vlodrop, 30.vi.1951, W. H. Gravestein

(ZMA); Ibid., P. J. Brakman (P); Maastricht, St. Pieters-

berg, 1.vi.1951, A. A. W. Smit (ZMA); Ibid., 2.ix.1983, B.

Aukema; Ibid., 26.ix.1983, 2.ix & 15.x.1984, 30.v, 11 &

31.1x.1985, B. van Aartsen; P. Vijlen, 23.v.1953, P. van der

Wiel (ZMA); Terziet, 19.v.1966, P. Poot; Schaesberg,

22.vi.1987, G. R. Langohr (RML).

Fig. 114. Ewrygaster austriaca.

Fig. 115. Graphosoma lineatum.

AUKEMA:

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 85

PF?

Fig. 116. Holcostethus vernalis.

Fig. 118. Chlorochroa pinicola.

Fig. 117. Palomena viridissima.

564. Palomena viridissima (fig. 117)

References. — Reclaire (1932: 74, as ‘widespread

throughout the country’).

Present status. - Formerly widespread, but not recor-

ded since 1952: Arnhem, 9.v. (RINA).

565-566. Chlorochroa

Synonym: Pitedia Reuter. (see Vinukorov et al. 1988).

566. Chlorochroa pinicola (fig. 118)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 75; 1940: 105; 1948: 39-

40); Gravestein (1952a: cxv); Leston (1952: 84); Brak-

man (1960: 24); Kleinhout (1962: 39).

Published records. - ® Gelderland: Oosterbeek, Arn-

hem (Reclaire 1932); Leuvenum (Reclaire 1940); Hoge

Veluwe (Gravestein 1952; Leston, 1952; Kleinhout

1962). ® Utrecht: Doorn, Maarn (Reclaire 1948). © N-

Holland: Hilversum (Reclaire 1948). © Limburg: Venlo

(Reclaire 1932); Melick-Herkenbosch, Beegden, Heel

(Reclaire 1948). e Zeeland: Vrouwenpolder (Brakman

1960).

Unpublished records. - ® Gelderland: Hoge Veluwe,

28.11.1952, 1 @ (RINA). ® Utrecht: Groenekan,

11.1x.1944, R. Buisman (ZMA); Hollandsche Rading,

14.v.1952 & iv.1953, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA). ® N-

Brabant: Breda, 7.viii.1950, M. van den Boorn (P); Gel-

drop, 6.ix.1983, 1 9, J. de Jonge (PDW); Baronie Cra-

nendonck, 12.vi.1987, 1 9, G. R. Langohr (RML). ®

Limburg: Haelen, viii,1950, C. Willemse (ZMA).

Present status. - Recorded only twice since 1953.

86 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

567. Carpocoris fuscispinus

References. - Fokker (1883: 242, as C. nigricornis);

Reclaire (1932: 75-76; 1940: 105; 1943: 107).

Published records. - € Gelderland: Beekhuizen (Fok-

ker 1883); Oosterbeek (Reclaire 1932). ® N-Brabant:

Burgst (Reclaire 1932). © Limburg: Schin op Geul (Re-

claire 1940); Arcen (Reclaire 1943).

Unpublished records. - ® N-Brabant: Best, viii. 1950,

M. van den Boorn (P).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1950.

572. Eurydema dominulus (fig. 119)

References. - Reclaire (1932: 77; 1936: 246; 1940: 105;

1948: 40); Cobben (1953: 173).

Published records. — ® Overijssel: Denekamp, Oot-

marsum (Reclaire 1932); Tubbergen (Reclaire 1948). ®

N-Brabant: Breda (Reclaire 1932). ® Limburg: Meers-

sen, Schinnen, Spaubeek, Venlo, Valkenburg (Reclaire

1932); Maastricht (Reclaire 1936); Houthem (Reclaire

1936, 1940). Vlodrop (Cobben 1953).

Unpublished records. - © Overijssel: Mander,

20.vii.1944, D. Piet et al. (P); Vasse, 1.viii.1947, D. Piet

(ZMA); Ootmarsum, vii.1947, 1 9, G. Stobbe (FNM),

Ommen, vi.1964, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ibid.

ix.1967, W. Hellinga (ZMA). ® N-Brabant: Best,

1.vi.1983, 1 4, B. van Aartsen (ZMA).

574. Eurydema ventralis

References. — Reclaire (1932: 76, as E. ornatum (Lin-

naeus)).

Published records. — ® N-Brabant: Surroundings of

Breda, 1892, 1 & & 1893, 1 9, Smits van Burgst (ZMA)

(Reclaire 1932).

Present status. - Not recorded since 1893.

579. Jalla dumosa (fig. 120)

References. - Snellen van Vollenhoven (1878a: 25-26,

as Asopus dumosus), Fokker (1883: 244-245); Reclaire

(1943: 108; 1951: 4); Brakman (1960: 24).

Published records. - © Gelderland: Beekhuizen (Re-

claire 1943). ® Utrecht: Baarn (Reclaire 1951). ® N-

Holland: Driebergen (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878). ®

Zeeland: Walcheren (Snellen van Vollenhoven 1878);

Zierikzee (Fokker 1883); Hoek (Brakman 1960).

Unpublished records. — © Friesland: Terschelling,

2.viii.1953 & 20r-23.vii. 1954, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA);

Ibid, 17.viii.1953, P. E van Heerdt; Ibid, Lies,

20.viii.1957, W. H. Gravestein (ZMA); Ibid., Oosterend,

5-15.viii.1969, F Meerman. @ Limburg: Montfort,

14.x.1951, 1 Q (CB).

Present status. - Recorded only once since 1957.

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Despite the relatively low collecting efforts

through the years (see for instance figs. 72 and 73,

the distribution maps of Trigonotylus caelestiahum

and T. ruficornis, two of the very common species)

the total number of species (586) recorded from

The Netherlands is high in comparison with data

from other West European countries: Sweden

Fig. 119. Eurydema dominulus.

Fig. 120. Jalla dumosa.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 87

Table 1. Total number of species per family and per region

FAMILY REGION

ERIN GARY IDI MON ET MN GIL AUTONET ZZE TOMS ZZE N 03) INIL

1 Dipsocoridae 1 0 i 0 l l 1 1 1 0 0 2 2

2 Nepidae 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3. Corixidae 25 108237574 IOM E25 TE a Te EE OI 22 5

4 Naucoridae l 1 1 1 1 I 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

5 Aphelocheiridae 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

6 Notonectidae 6 4 6 6 3 6 5 5 4 3 5 5 6

7, Pleidae Il 1 1 1 1 Il Il 1 1 1 1 1 1

8 Mesoveliidae l 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 l

9 Hebridae 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

10 Hydrometridae 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 I 2 2 2

11 Veliidae 2 1 2 3 2 4 3 3 3 2 4 5 5

12 Gerridae 5 5 7 8 4 9 U 8 7 6 9 9 9

13 Saldidae 15 8 9 12 8 12 10 14 10 10 13 Bs). 20)

14 Tingidae 10 3 12 7 3 23 TO RZ: 13 10 IC 23 30

15. Microphysidae 5 1 5 5 0 6 5 5 5 3 3 5 6

16 Miridae 1242 1 53) 136) A479) vO AIG) ASG 7 A 2 2 Ene 200) 05231

17 Nabidae 10 6 10 10 5 12 il 11 10 13 12 13 13

18 Anthocoridae 15 7 20 16 11 27 DO 17 17 17 30 32

19 Cimicidae 1 1 0 1 0 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 5

20 Reduviidae 3 1 6 4 1 8 5 5 4 4 6 6 9

21 Aradidae 3 0 4 2 1 5 3 3 3 2 4 4 6

22 Piesmatidae 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 3

23 Berytidae 4 0 3 2 0 6 4 5 5 7 5 8 9

24 Lygaeidae 44 NOA SS Ae GI a O > Aye OS

25 Pyrrhocoridae 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 l 1 il 1 1

26 Stenocephalidae 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 2

27 Coreidae 4 1 2 3 1 df 5 6 6 Ÿ 7 9 11

28 Alydidae 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

29 Rhopalidae 4 1 4 4 2 9) 7 4 3 5 7 8 9

30 Cydnidae 4 1 3 2 0 7 6 Vi 6 5 5 8 9

31 Thyreocoridae l 0 0 0 0 1 1 l 1 0 1 1 1

32 Scutelleridae 1 0 0 0 0 6 5 6 5 4 3 4 6

33 Pentatomidae 14 5 15 16 AE 25 Allee ZO 11 23 vol 200029

34 Acanthosomatidae 5 3 5 5 3 6 6 5 3 3 6 6 6

Number of species 315 144 324 326 160 476 399 451 337 321) 391° 496) 586

(577), Norway (395), Denmark (492), North West

Germany (585) and the British Isles (532) (Ander-

sen & Gaun 1974; Coulianos & Ossiannilsson 1976;

Southwood & Leston 1964; Wagner & Weber

1967).

From table 1 it is also clear that the collecting

effort has been different for the various regions.

Limburg, Gelderland and Noord-Holland for ins-

tance are far ahead concerning number of species

collected, whereas Groningen lays back considera-

bly. The number of species collected in the recently

reclamed polders of Flevoland (Oostelijk and

Zuidelijk Flevoland ran dry in 1957 and 1968 re-

spectively) is still relatively low (151), but rapidly

increasing. The number of species collected in

Friesland (314) is largely due to the high collection

efforts on the West Frisian Islands of Vlieland,

Terschelling, Ameland, Terschelling, and Schier-

monnikoog, where 258 species were collected.

From the Frisian mainland thusfar only 197 species

were recorded.

The list contains 48 species which were not re-

corded since 1960. Of these Galeatus maculatus,

Acetropis gimmerthalii, Phymata crassipes, Spilo-

stethus saxatilis, Geocoris ater, Arenocoris waltli

and Eurydema ventralis were collected only before

1900. The following 18 species were collected since

1960 only: Sigara iactans, S. longipalis, Deraeocoris

flavilinea, Tytthus geminus, Brachyarthrum limita-

tum, Psallus assimilis, P. pseudoplatani, Criocoris

88 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

sulcicornis, Reuteria marqueti, Orthotylus fusces-

cens, Capsodes sulcatus, Elatophilus nigricornis,

Anthocoris amplicollis, Scoloposcelis pulchella,

Aradus signaticornis, Orsillus depressus, Kleidoce-

rys privignis and K. truncatulus ericae.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Many thanks are due to H. Günther, Ingelheim,

West Germany, M. Josifov, Sofia, Bulgaria, I. M.

Kerzhner, Leningrad, USSR and Chr. Rieger, Niir-

tingen, West Germany for their valuable com-

ments on earlier drafts of the list, to J. P. Duffels

(Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam), P. H. van

Doesburg and J. van Tol (Rijksmuseum van Na-

tuurlijke Historie, Leiden), the late R. H. Cobben,

G. J. Rozeboom and J. G. M. Cuppen (Landbouw-

universiteit, Wageningen), the late G. Stobbe

(Fries Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leeuwarden),

Mrs. G. Dingemans-Bakels (Natuurhistorisch Mu-

seum, Maastricht), P. J. den Boer and T. H. P. van

Huizen (Biologisch Station, Wijster), S. A. Ulen-

berg (Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wagenin-

gen), B. Krebs (Delta Institute, Yerseke), H. Mo-

sterdijk (Technologische Dienst Zeeuwse

Waterschappen, Terneuzen), B. van Aartsen, J.

Beernink, K. den Bieman, Mrs. C. Dolleman, G. S.

Dutmer, H. Edzes, W. H. Gravestein, Th. Heijer-

man, D. J. Hermes, R. Ph. Jansen, G. Morseld, N.

Nieser, E. J. van Nieukerken, P. Poot, F M. Smit,

A.P. J. A. Teunissen, H. Vallenduuk, H. W. van der

Wolf and J. H. Woudstra for permission to include

their collections and/or for their collecting efforts,

to N. Nieser, Tiel, for his permission to include

data from the files of the Dutch section of the

European Invertebrate Survey, to E. J. van Nieu-

kerken (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,

Leiden) for supplying material for preparing dis-

tribution maps and to George Thomas, South-

hampton, England, for correcting the english text.

Special thanks are due to J. H. Woudstra, Zaandam,

who introduced me to the study of Heteroptera.

His stimulating cooperation was of invaluable help

for the realization of this list.

ADDENDUM

After finishing the manuscript, two additional

species were recorded from The Netherlands:

218a. Psilophorus pusillus Reuter, f. nov. spec.

Records. - © N-Holland: Hilversum, 8.ix.1946,

W. H. Gravestein (ZMA, CB). ® N-Brabant:

Deurne, Liessel, 9.ix.1987, 1 9, B. Aukema.

429a. Melanocoryphus albomaculatus Goeze, f.

nov. spec.

Records. - © Limburg: Maastricht, 5.iii.1989, 1

6, P. Poot.

Both records will be published in more detail

elsewhere.

420. Berytinus clavipes. Scale: 1 mm.

AUKEMA:

REFERENCES

This section gives a complete list of works containing

records on Dutch Heteroptera, published since 1950. Pu-

blications, not referred to in the text, are marked with an

asterisk.

Andersen, N. M. & S. Gaun, 1974. Fortegnelse over Dan-

marks taeger (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). - Entomolo-

giske Meddelelser 42: 113-134.

Arnoud, Br., 1958. Wantsen uit Zuid-Limburg. - Natuur-

historisch Maandblad 47: 134.

Aukema, B., 1976. Anthocoris amplicollis Horvath, 1893

en Tingis crispata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839), twee He-

teroptera nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna. - Ento-

mologische Berichten, Amsterdam 36: 103-104.

Aukema, B., 1976a. Voorkomen en levenswijze van Oxy-

carenus modestus (Fallen, 1829) (Heteroptera, Lyga-

eidae). - Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 36:

161-163.

Aukema, B., 1976b. De Nederlandse soorten van het

genus Aneurus Curtis, 1825 (Heteroptera, Aradidae).

— Publikaties natuurhistorisch Genootschap Limburg

26: 17-22.

Aukema, B., 1981. A survey of the Dutch species of the

subgenus Hy/opsallus of Psallus (Hemiptera-Hetero-

ptera, Miridae). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 124:

1-36.

Aukema, B., 1983. De Invertebratenfauna van de Zuid-

limburgse Kalkgraslanden. Wantsen (Hemiptera, He-

teroptera). — Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 72: 129-

135.

Aukema, B., 1986. Psallus (Hylopsallus) assimilis Stichel,

1956 en P. (H.) pseudoplatani Reichling, 1984, twee

Miriden nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna (Hetero-

ptera: Miridae, Phylinae). - Entomologische Berich-

ten, Amsterdam 46: 117-119.

Aukema, B., 1986a. Drymus pumilio Puton, 1877, een

nieuwe Nederlandse wants (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae).

- Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 46: 133-

136.

Aukema, B., 1988. Conostethus venustus fauna nov. spec.

en C. roseus weer in Nederland waargenomen (Hete-

roptera: Miridae). - Entomologische Berichten, Am-

sterdam 48: 1-7.

Aukema, B., 1988a. Orsillus depressus (Heteroptera: Ly-

gaeidae) nieuw voor Nederland en België. - Entomo-

logische Berichten, Amsterdam 48: 181-183.

Aukema, B., 1989. Pallus confusus en Psallus mollis in

Nederland (Heteroptera: Miridae). - Entomologische

Berichten, Amsterdam 49: 15-17.

Aukema, B. & M. Alderweireldt, 1989. Lamproplax picea

in Nederland en België (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae). —

Entomologisch Berichten, Amsterdam 49, in press.

Aukema, B. & J. H. Woudstra, 1985. Nieuwe vondsten

van Ortholomus punctipennis (Herrich-Schäffer,

1838) in Nederland en België (Heteroptera: Lygaei-

dae). — Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 45:

119-120.

Blöte, H. C., 1950. Wantsen, cicaden en bladvlooien, ver-

zameld in 1949. Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 39: 18-

20.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 89

Blöte, H. C., 1950a. Over Graphosoma lineatum (L.), var.

italicum (Muell.). - Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 39:

113-115.

*Blöte, H. C., 1951. Nogmaals Graphosoma lineatum L.

var. italicum (Muell.). - Entomologische Berichten,

Amsterdam 13: 290-292.

Blöte, H. C., 1954. Wantsen, Cicaden en bladvlooien,

verzameld in 1950. - Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 43:

83-85.

Bozdechovä, J., 1973. Diagnostische Merkmale der Arten

Trigonotylus ruficornis und T. coelestialium. — Folia

Musei Rerum Naturalium Bohemiae Occidentalis,

Zoologica 3: 1-17.

Brakman, P.J., 1951. Oncotylus viridiflavus Goeze (Hem.-

Het.), een opvallende nieuwe Miride voor de Neder-

landse Fauna. - Entomologische Berichten, Amster-

dam 13: 199-202.

Brakman, P. J., 1952. Zeeuwse wantsenvangsten I. - En-

tomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 14: 129-130.

Brakman, P. J., 1960. Zeeuwse Wantsenvangsten II. —

Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 20: 21-25.

Carvalho, J. C. M., 1957. A catalogue of the Miridae of the

world. I. Subfamilies Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae, Bry-

ocorinae. — Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Ja-

neiro 44: 1-158.

Carvalho, J. C. M., 1958. A catalogue of the Miridae of the

world. IL. Subfamily Phylinae. - Arquivos do Museu

Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 45: 1-216.

Carvalho, J. C. M., 1958a. A catalogue of the Miridae of

the world. III. Subfamily Orthotylinae. - Arquivos do

Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 47: 1-161.

Carvalho, J. C. M., 1959. A catalogue of the Miridae of the

world. IV. Subfamily Mirinae. - Arquivos do Museu

Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 48: 1-384.

Carvalho, J. C. M., 1960. A catalogue of the Miridae of the

world. V. Bibliography and General Index. - Arquivos

do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 51: 1-191.

Cobben, R. H., 1946. Wantsennieuws uit Midden Lim-

burg. - Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 35: 56-58.

Cobben, R. H., 1948. Vier wantsensoorten nieuw voor de

Nederlandse fauna. - Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 37:

50-51.

*Cobben, R. H., 1948. Wantsennieuws uit Midden-Lim-

burg. - Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 37: 81-82.

Cobben, R. H., 1950. Hemiptera Heteroptera: soorten uit

Limburg, nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna. I. - Na-

tuurhistorisch Maandblad 39: 83-84.

Cobben, R. H., 1951. Hemiptera Heteroptera: soorten uit

Limburg, nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna. II - Na-

tuurhistorisch Maandblad 40: 52-53.

Cobben, R. H., 1953. Bemerkungen zur Lebensweise ei-

niger Holländischen Wanzen (Hemiptera-Heteropte-

ra). - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 96: 169-198.

*Cobben, R. H., 1956. Verdere literatuurgegevens over

wantsenlarven (Hem. Heteroptera). - Entomolo-

gische Berichten, Amsterdam 16: 207-214.

Cobben, R. H., 1956a. Metatropis rufescens H. S. en

enkele opmerkingen over de overige Neididae (Hem.

Heteroptera). - Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 45: 7-

13:

Cobben, R. H., 1957. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Uferwan-

zen (Hem. Het. Fam. Saldidae). - Entomologische

Berichten, Amsterdam 17: 245-257.

90 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Cobben, R. H., 1958. Einige bemerkenswerten Wanzen-

funde aus den Niederlanden. (Hem.-Heteroptera). —

Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 47: 15-21.

Cobben, R. H., 1958a. Biotaxonomische Einzelheiten

über Niederländische Wanzen (Hemiptera, He-

teroptera). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 101:

1-46.

Cobben, R. H., 1959. Notes on the classification of Sal-

didae with the description of a new species from

Spain. - Zoölogische Mededelingen, Leiden 36: 303-

316.

Cobben, R. H., 1960. De eerste vondsten in Nederland

van een met Sedum en een met Carex geassocieerde

wants (Heteroptera: Miridae). - Entomologische Be-

richten, Amsterdam 20: 195-208.

Cobben, R. H. & Br. Arnoud, 1969. Anthocoridae van

Viscum, Buxus en Pinus in Nederland (Heteroptera).

— Publikaties Natuurhistorisch Genootschap Limburg

19: 5-16.

“Cobben, R. H., 1979. Macropterie bij oppervlaktewant-

sen. — Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 39:

120-121.

Cobben, R. H., 1987. Aradus signaticornis in Nederland,

met opmerkingen over enkele andere met Pinus ge-

associeerde Hemiptera (Heteroptera: Aradidae;

Homoptera: Cercopidae). - Entomologische Berich-

ten, Amsterdam, 47: 33-38.

Coulianos, C.-C. & F. Ossiannilsson, 1976. Catalogus In-

sectorum Sueciae. VII. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 2nd

Ed. - Entomologisk Tidskrift 97: 135-173.

Cuppen, H. P. P.J., 1978. Het voorkomen van macroptere

vormen van enkele oppervlaktewantsen in Nederland

(Heteroptera) met enige opmerkingen over hun oe-

cologie. - Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 38:

181-184.

Cuppen, J. G. M., 1988. Sigara 1actans nieuw voor Neder-

land (Heteroptera: Corixidae). - Entomologische Be-

richten, Amsterdam 48: 94-96.

*Dinther, J. B. M. van, 1953. Les punaises du murier

sauvage. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 96: 199-217.

Duffels, J. P., 1962. Vondsten van Sigara selecta Fieb.

(Hemiptera Heteroptera) in Nederland. - Entomolo-

gische Berichten, Amsterdam 22: 59.

*Duffels, J. P., 1962a. Brakwaterwantsen. - Zeepaard 22:

27-30.

*Drosopoulos, S., 1977. Biosystematic studies on the Mz-

ellerianella complex (Delphacidae, Homoptera Au-

chenorrhyncha). — Mededelingen Landbouwhoge-

school Wageningen 77(14): 22-28.

Elov, E. S. & I. M. Kerzhner, 1977. Bugs of the families

Anthocoridae, Cimicidae and Microphysidae (Hetero-

ptera) of the Mongolian People's Republic (in Rus-

sian). - Nasekomye Mongolii 5: 203-220.

Fokker, A. J. F, 1883. Catalogus der in Nederland voor-

komende Hemiptera. Eerste gedeelte. Hemiptera He-

teroptera. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 26: 234-

250.

Fokker, A. J. F., 1884. Catalogus der in Nederland voor-

komende Hemiptera. Eertse gedeelte. Hemiptera He-

teroptera. 2. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 27: 113-

133%

Fokker, A. J. F, 1885. Catalogus der in Nederland voor-

komende Hemiptera. Eerste gedeelte. Hemiptera He-

teroptera. 3. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 28: 51-

78.

Fokker, A. J. F, 1886. Catalogus der in Nederland voor-

komende Hemiptera. Eerste gedeelte. Hemiptera He-

teroptera. 4. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 29: 297-

304.

Fokker, A. J. F, 1891. Catalogus der in Nederland voor-

komende Hemiptera. Eerste gedeelte. Hemiptera He-

teroptera. 5. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 34: 357-

361.

Fokker, A. J. F., 1899. Catalogus der in Nederland voor-

komende Hemiptera. 6. - Tijdschrift voor Entomolo-

gie 42: 34-36.

Giesen, Th. G. & M. H. J. Geurts, 1985. Microvelia soor-

ten in de Oude IJsselstreek (Heteroptera. - Nieuws-

brief European Invertebrate Survey Nederland 16: 3-

10.

Göllner-Scheiding, U., 1983. General-Katalog der Fami-

lie Rhopalidae (Heteroptera). - Mitteilungen zoologi-

sches Museum Berlin 59: 37-189.

Göllner-Scheiding, U., 1986. Revision der Gattung Od-

ontoscelis Laporte de Castelnau, 1832 (Heteroptera,

Scutelleridae). - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitsch-

rift, N. E 33: 95-127.

Graaf, H. W. de & S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1853.

Nederlandsche Hemiptera. In: Bouwstoffen voor ene

fauna van Nederland (ed. J. A. Herklots), 1:169-184.

Brill, Leiden.

Graaf, H. W. de, G. A. Six & S. C. Snellen van Vollenho-

ven, 1860. Tweede naamlijst van inlandsche Hemip-

tera. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 3: 168-195.

Gravestein, W. H., 1942. Nederlandse Coleoptera en He-

miptera. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, verslag zo-

mervergadering: lvii-lix.

Gravestein, W. H., 1943. Nieuwe zeldzame Hemiptera

Heteroptera. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, verslag

herfstvergadering: viii-ix.

Gravestein, W. H., 1949. Hemiptera Heteroptera: Vier

nieuwe soorten voor onze fauna en een soort die sedert

1888 niet meer in ons land gevonden werd. - Tijd-

schrift voor Entomologie, verslag wintervergadering:

XXlli-XXV.

*Gravestein, W. H., 1951. Over Graphosoma italicum

(Muell.). - Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam

13: 252-253.

Gravestein, W. H., 195 la. Over verscheidene voor Neder-

land nieuwe soorten wantsen (Hemipt. Heteropt.). —

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 94, verslag winterver-

gadering: v-vii

Gravestein, W. H., 195 1b. Hemiptera heteroptera: Nog

éénmaal Lygus; een laatste beschouwing over de

’pratensis-groep”. (Ondergeslacht Exolygus E. Wag-

ner). - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 94, verslag zo-

mervergadering: xxxvii-xxxix.

Gravestein, W. H., 1952. Oecologische beschouwingen,

mede omtrent enige Corixiden, naar aanleiding van

een verhandeling hierover door T.T. Macan. — Tijd-

schrift voor Entomologie 95, verslag wintervergade-

ring: xxxix-xli.

Gravestein, W. H., 1952a. Negen nieuwe wantsen voor de

Nederlandse fauna (Hemiptera Heteroptera). — Tijd-

schrift voor Entomologie 95, verslag wintervergade-

ring: CXIV-CXVIli.

AUKEMA:

Gravestein, W. H., 1955. Oecologische gegevens omtrent

Nabis boops Schioedte (Hemiptera Heteroptera),

Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 15: 395-397.

Gravestein, W. H., 1956. Nabis pseudoferus Remane,

faunae nova species (Hemiptera Heteroptera); met

een proeve van de determinatie mogelijkheden der

Reduviolus-groep (Fam. Nabidae). - Entomologische

Berichten, Amsterdam 16: 151-154.

Gravestein, W. H., 1959. Piesma salsolae (Beck 1867)

faunae nova species (Hemipt., Heteropt.). - Entomo-

logische Berichten, Amsterdam 19: 200-201.

*Gravestein, W. H., 1960. Een op Terschelling waargeno-

men merkwaardige overgang van waardplant door de

schildwants Chlorochroa juniperina L. - Levende Na-

tuur 63: 85-88.

Gravestein, W. H., 1963. Calocoris schmidti Fieb., een

nieuwe wants voor ons land (Hem. Het.). - Entomo-

logische Berichten, Amsterdam 23: 231.

*Heerdt, P. E van & W. Bongers, 1967. A biocoenological

investigation of salt marshes on the south coast of the

Isle of Terschelling. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie

110: 107-131.

“Heerdt, P. F. van & M. F Mörzer Bruyns, 1960. A bio-

cenological investigation in the yellow dune region of

Terschelling. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 103:

225-275.

Higler, L. W. G., 1962. Microvelia umbricola Wroblewski,

een nieuwe wants (Het.) voor Nederland. - Entomo-

logische Berichten, Amsterdam 22: 65-66.

*Higler, L. W. G., 1964. De Hierdense Beek in gevaar. —

Levende Natuur 67: 279-282.

*Higler, L. W. G., 1967. Some notes on the distribution

of the waterbug, Gerris najas (Degeer, 1773), in the

Netherlands (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). - Beaufortia:

14: 87-92.

*Higler, L. W. G., 1967a. Hydrobiologisch onderzoek van

de macrofauna in de Grote Peel bij Ospel (gem. Ne-

derweert). - Hydra (N.S.) 2(5): 1-23.

*Higler, L. W. G., 1968. Makro-organismen in de Doode-

manskisten op Terschelling. - Mededelingen Hydro-

biologische Vereniging 2: 11-19.

*Higler, L. W. G., 1969. Terschelling als milieu voor

waterwantsen. — Skylge myn lantse 4(2): 8-11.

Higler, L. W. G. & J. P. Duffels, 1965. Waterwantsenon-

derzoek op Terschelling. - Levende Natuur 68: 108-

113.

Jansson, A., 1986. The Corixidae (Heteroptera) of

Europe and some adjacent regions. - Acta Entomolo-

gica Fennica 47: 1-94.

Josifov, M., 1961. Ueber drei in Bulgarien anzutreffende

Miridenarten (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). — Frag-

menta Balcanica Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Natu-

ralium, Skopje 4: 21-27

Josifov, M., 1986. Verzeichnis der von der Balkanhalbin-

sel bekannten Heteropterenarten (Insecta, Hetero-

ptera). - Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Mu-

seum für Tierkunde, Dresden 14: 61-93.

Josifov, M. & I. M. Kerzhner, 1978. Heteroptera aus

Korea. II. - Fragmenta Faunistica, Warszawa 23: 144.

Kanyukova, E. V., 1986. Microvelia umbricola Wrobl.,

1938 synonym of M. buenoi Drake (Heteroptera, Ve-

liidae) (in Russian). - Sistematika i ekologija nasek-

omykh Dal'nego Vostoka: 13.

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 91

Kerzhner, I. M., 1969. Zur Nomenklatur einiger europäi-

schen Blindwanzen (Heteroptera, Miridae). — Acta

Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 38: 141-145.

Kerzhner, I. M., 1977. New and little-known species of

Heteroptera from the far east of the USSR (in Rus-

sian). - Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 62 (1976): 6-

BD:

Kerzhner, I. M., 1984. New and little known Heteroptera

from Mongolia and adjacent regions of the USSR. IV.

Miridae, 1 (in Russian). - Nasekomye Mongolii 9: 35-

UZ:

Kerzhner, I. M., 1988. New and little known Heteroptera

from the USSR far east (in Russian). — Akademia

Nauk USSR, Wladiwostok (1987): 1-84.

Kleinhout, J., 1962. Enige opmerkingen over het voorko-

men van wantsen (Hem. Het.). - Entomologische

Berichten, Amsterdam 22: 39-40.

Klomp, H. & B. J. Teerink, 1973. The density of the

invertebrate summer fauna on the crowns of pine

trees, Pinus sylvestris, in the central part of the Neth-

erlands. - Beiträge zur Entomologie 23: 325-340.

Krebs, B. P. M., 1982. Note on the distribution of Sigara

selecta (Fieber) in the brackish inland waters of the

South-west Netherlands. - Hydrobiological Bulletin

16: 159-164.

*Krebs, B. P. M., 1987. Recente vondsten van Gerris

paludum (Fabricius) in Zeeland (Heteroptera: Gerri-

dae). - Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 47:

125-127.

Laeijendecker, G. & N. Nieser, 1971. Waterkevers en

Waterwantsen uit de omgeving van Winterswijk (Co-

leoptera en Heteroptera aquatica). - Entomologische

Berichten, Amsterdam 31: 3-12.

*Leentvaar, P., 1981. The freshwater fauna of the Wadden

Sea islands. In: Terrestrial and freshwater fauna of the

Wadden Sea area (eds. C. J. Smit, J. den Hollander, W.

K. E. van Wingerden & W.J. Wolf). — Final report (10)

of the section "Terrestrial Fauna’ of the Wadden Sea

Working Group: 128-146.

*Leentvaar, P. & L. W.G. Higler, 1962. Hydrobiologische

waarnemingen op Ameland. - Levende Natuur 65:

257-262.

*Leentvaar, P. & L. W.G. Higler, 1966. Duinplas de Muy

op Texel. - Levende Natuur 69: 110-115.

Leston, D., 1952. Additional distribution records of the

Netherlands Heteroptera (Hem.), with a revised ge-

neric list of the Miridae. - Entomologische Berichten,

Amsterdam 14: 84-90.

Loof, P. A. A, 1955. Metatropis rufescens H.S. (Hem.

Neididae), een interessante nieuwe wants voor ons

land. Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 44: 107-108.

Loof, P. A. A., 1956. Een nieuwe vindplaats van Dicrano-

cephalus medius M. R. (Hem.-Coreidae). - Entomo-

logische Berichten, Amsterdam 16: 1-2.

Meurer, J. J., 1956. Waarnemingen van Wantsen (Hem.-

Het.) met behulp van een vanglamp. — Entomolo-

gische Berichten, Amsterdam 16: 54-63.

Meurer, J. J., 1957. Overzicht Wantsenvangsten met de

vanglamp te Heemstede (N.H.) over 1955. - Entomo-

logische Berichten, Amsterdam 17: 80-96.

Meurer, J. J., 1963. Faunistische en fenologische waarne-

mingen met betrekking tot wantsen (Hemiptera He-

teroptera). In: Fenologisch en faunistisch onderzoek

92 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

over boomgaardinsecten (eds.: H. J. de Fluiter, P. H.

van de Pol & J. P. M. Woudenberg). — Verslagen

Landbouwkundig Onderzoek 69(14): 203-208.

“Moller Pillot, H. K. M., 1961. De waterwantsen en

andere insekten van het Leersumse Veld. - Levende

Natuur 64: 146-155.

Moller Pillot, H. K. M., 1971. Faunistisxche beoordeling

van Laaglandbeken: 1-286. Proefschrift, Tilburg.

*Nieser, N., 1965. Faunistische gegevens betreffende

Waterwantsen I, Corixidae (Hem. Het. Cryptocerata).

— Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 25: 36.

*Nieser, N., 1966. Waterwantsen van Walcheren en

Zuid-Beveland. - Zeepaard 26: 63-84.

*Nieser, N., 1967. Waterwantsen uit Friesland. I. Inlei-

ding, Notonectidae. — Veld en Vitrine 32: 68-73.

*Nieser, N., 1968. Waterwantsen uit Friesland. II. Corix-

idae, duikerwantsen. — Veld en Vitrine 36: 130-136.

*Nieser, N., 1968a. Waterwantsen uit Friesland, III. Ove-

rige families. - Veld en Vitrine 37: 149-151.

Nieser, N., 1969. The larva of Sigara hellensi (C. Sahlb.)

(Hem. Corixidae). - Entomologische Berichten, Am-

sterdam 29: 141-142.

*Nieser, N., 1970. Additions au chapitre Heteroptera de

"Limnofauna Europaea”. - Entomologische Berich-

ten, Amsterdam 30: 111-118

Nieser, N., 1982. De Nederlandse water- en oppervlak-

tewantsen (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha en Gerromor-

pha). - Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen Konink-

lijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging 155:

1-103.

*Nieser, N. & M. Wasscher, 1986. The status of the larger

waterstriders in the Netherlands (Heteroptera: Ger-

ridae). - Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 46:

68-76.

Nieukerken, E. J. van, 1972. Vondsten van Naucoris ma-

culatus Fabricius en een macroptere Microvelia um-

bricola Wröblewski in het Nieuwkoopse plassenge-

bied (Heteroptera). — Entomologische Berichten,

Amsterdam 32: 54-55.

Nieukerken, E. J. van, 1976. Velia saulii Tamanini, 1946

een nieuwe beekloper voor Nederland (Heteroptera,

Veliidae). - Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam

36: 132-135.

*Nieukerken, E. J. van & J. van Tol, 1972. Macrofauna van

de wateren in “De Groote Peel” een voorjaarsbeeld .

— Levende Natuur 75: 132-140.

*Nieukerken, E. J. van & J. van Tol, 1978. Meijendel als

milieu voor waterorganismen. Fauna van de wateren

in Meijendel, I. - Zoologische Bijdragen 23: 38-69

*Nieukerken, E. J. van & G. van der Velde, 1973. Een

hydrobiologische inventarisatie van sloten in het

Oude Land van Strijen en de St. Anthoniepolder

(Hoekse Waard). — Levende Natuur 76: 273-279.

Oshanin, B., 1912. Katalog der paläarktischen Hemipte-

ren (Heteroptera, Homoptera-Auchenorhyncha &

Psyllloideae): i-xvi, 1-187. - Berlin.

Péricart, J., 1972. Hémiptères Anthocoridae, Cimicidae et

Microphysidae de l'Ouest-Paléarctique: 1-402. —

Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin méditerranéen 7, Paris.

Péricart, J., 1983. Hémiptères Tingidae Euro-Méditer-

ranéens: i-x, 1-620. - Faune de France 69, Paris.

Péricart, J., 1984. Hémiptères Berytidae Euro-Méditer-

ranéens: 1-172. — Faune de France 70, Paris.

Péricart, J., 1987. Hémiptéres Nabidae d'Europe occiden-

tale et du Maghreb: i-xii, 1-181. — Faune de France 71,

Paris.

Polderman, P. J. G. & G. van der Velde, 1971. Hydrobio-

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Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 9: 47-64.

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- Schriften Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Schles-

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Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., 1869. De inlandsche He-

AUKEMA:

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Tweede stuk met twee platen. — Tijdschrift voor En-

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Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., 1870. De inlandsche He-

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Derde stuk met drie platen. — Tijdschrift voor Ento-

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Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., 1873. De inlandsche He-

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Vierde stuk met drie platen. — Tijdschrift voor Ento-

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Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., 1875. De inlandsche He-

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Vijfde stuk met drie platen. - Tijdschrift voor Ento-

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Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., 1876. De inlandsche He-

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Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., 1877. De inlandsche He-

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Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., 1878. De inlandsche He-

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Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 93

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Received: 10 November 1988

Revised manuscript accepted: 13 February 1989

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

128. Deraeocoris flavilinea, larva V. Scale: 1 mm.

AUKEMA: Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 95

INDEX an aus zul (AGT) scocsdarecodoauadaccucc0c000d 28

All insect taxa are listed, synonyms in italics. Species annulatus, Dicyphus (211) BEE i ie tei ag 17

numbers are given in brackets. annulatus, RihyNnoOcCO SIG Or) ROERO E 4, 25,73

annulicosnerd O5) Pen 3 16),

abietis, Eremocoris (462) .................ls) LE DONS LORO OE TOI 3

abietinGastrodes (465) 2452-42 en en CUT 47, annulipesh (26) has saad rca eee 13, 45

alken (AOD) eso sE AS eRe 4,28 antennatus, Megalonotus (496) .............. 29, 78

alucillom (S34). RE ao eed Aas he 3282 antennatus, MeratocorisiG46)-....--- see 22

ACIDA ora dte TEE TRE a ete ere ERS ae I Anthocondaene RE RE 23, 87

ARD ooo E n OTTO 2° WAMENOCOHIMACH ERIH NRE aoe a AT EE 23

AGAMATOSOTIA ss 5.3.5.6 IT 34, JAN thOcOrinikyaryaty Re TOTO IO E. 23

INGAMEMOSOMAtICaC may ret RTE NT OT da eo a CITE 23

PACANTNOSOMATINAER ee ee 34 Ain tilloco INSEE LITRI 28

PACE GO DS ee Pay PAPhANUSE oa icone ZONE ne CURE 4, 30

ÉCOMPOLONE Le e i ATTI QI RIVA PLREIOChEI ACRI 9, 87

PNG Tia USE I de A RAR 28) Aphelocheiru stan IEEE OOO 9

ANITA (S55) n E BAD ELO ITN 2

AGULCANOUIAEUS GIS) ccqsqonacemasecaneer anc 40, 81 INPOCHE MM MUS secures III 15

INGE TOCOBS 0.0 oda ERA 20% PABolygust. 3. ernie IALIA II 19

adenoeanpi (25 nnen EEE artan t 82 /apterustHalticus (219) nnee 17

ADERS « 05 TI TRIO 32 APtERUS IMAC (292) EC Eee Ce Ce 4, 22

AASPErsusI@ O2) A ce. GS Oe Vapterusy Pyrrhocorisi 012) ERRE NE eee 30

AR à 060 oro NERE PCE eae EE ee 334 ADI SEE LT EME ce II 22,67

ACTORS so a A RON 29) Aquariusys III On eee 2, 10

Anes (DIE) ero I II DINI (NEUES POTERE. 25, 87

email CRD) PER i IT 3720, radiale rna nen ears ete en ete RN RAS 25

PNESGhyMCELU Spee on IONE 3 Aradoidear u. a acts Neo INTO 25

aestwallie (DE). semens aleen Ro PROS ee SATA ST ie ores tee Von RR cee regu ase tere ee 25

ACUNOS à orn LE RR A COTTI IT NE HOT GTA en (IE) emo OR RO 15

ans, Calodori (GO MN eg 20, 61 ATCCOCOGISARI Wace Ace ek CLE OGL CE ETEN 2,8

ana, Corbis, (Iie ¢ ona see cee nie ou bien maid as Sie pare naniuse(©09) ERE 30

affinis, Scolopostethus (469) ................... DSE are nico lan GAD PRE TI 11, 40

ess (S13) na ve EE SOMOMMPATENOCOLIS ARE 31

AOC ooo ot III 200 APE NCAA) CIRO ST 10

NOIA IMAP n RR Ra IAD ARR cina PERLE CCE NE 34

ADICINEHI SIMONE ers 197 VARCRENCINACRA NECES 27

A] DIQU SL IAN vre OA 1A WAS CIOdE a LARE IAT RE 16

albipennis (SI) ca eo cecum ee ee VS Te IT NE ARE EERE 86

alboacuminatus (494)... a vern. ADO NAS PER hl ace ede MANN PR EC Mae Y eee 2, 39

albolineatust@0) ETRE EEE sacha: 16, 53 assimilis (A CI) RAEE RE PNR ORE ERO 15, 49, 87

albomaculatus(@20a) Lee 88 aterCapsu KCA IS 21

DORE (S30) oa do beeen masons Sona As ola 5) atersDufouriellusi (SII) E Te 4,24

aliens (CSA) 3. 85 sus ra INT, 65 aterAGEOcorisn AAI RO RT 27,75,87

VANO GAD MRAZ ts NITTO ZA terr MUSO eee OR PET ae 5, 32, 83

ANIDSOWOTIWS EEE ob OER ee 13 atomarius UO) ere TINO 19, 57

NICOLA OWS) Wee STAN ZIA CACAO MUSE TTT 15

ADESERISPRRE RA RIOT ILA ZI atrata ASD) ek RE EO 4

alpinus, Acompocoris (382) ................. 22569) “atratusy ABS) IE MEN E ARCS NE 4, 29, 78

alpinus, Plagiognathus (183) ................ 15,51 AUIECSCEMSh( 44.0) ee CRETE TE 4, 27,75

AVA ACRI ANRA USCEIA (OO) do doo aan 32, 83

PNY LU SEM INTE Saven ius Alb) 25, 74

ambiguus (ISD) soan EE LE ie haar IS. baccanum (GE): EEEN LE)

ATTINTO ER A Rc CARO O ASS baerensprungu(AUM)r EEN 24, 72

ambulanst260)e ee LOS GAMA Salis (270) a O A 19, 57

ampliema (105) EEE RE ATI 2 Bathys0en CERCA RE ARE EEE 31

amyolkeollhe GONE nenne. 22408 1888 becker BI) SE Ne 20, 61

AMOR d'os TO IE BAW ABEOSUS LETTIERI ENT A NRA LR 29

AAC 3 5.0 à lore CRE eee CS een pe Un a 20 WBErycidaer ER III eee Di eo dde 26, 87

Ameide A CU Ba otis 25%, IBERYLINAC ye RR IE Ee RN 26

Amu 35.0 ob Ed RE n 25 ABEryUDUS IT 4, 26

Annes A0) Cougs dann ER ou8 6 18 BOTY EU SiS ACLI inact CLI AA aes 4

angus ticolllisy(488) ar. EEE PE EEE RR DITA ENE EE 15)

96 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

biclavatus (GO) ER EEEN E NRE CE 20, 61

bicolor OSB) Hy en EN EE LIL 32

BICUS PIS OST) Mn ren ND NINE ern 23

BIOS ae ae 34

bidentata (405) EE D>, 118)

Bieuttatus SS RE 32

Bilineatu ng (AID) re 3, 18

bilineata QIN SIIT RR APE 3

binotatus Ol 21

bipunctata (AMD en ee EREN 13

Bleplakido preti sr rr 18

BISSONE 27

Lovemant oe eee RAE 3

bohemannigG92) eee RE N 3 6, 52

CORANO OO 2

bonsdorthi(S) er pate tte oa ee ee DU

Pop BN eert pee ERE 4, 22, 67

BOthy Mo tus eleva stee MA 13

Brachyarthrumn. soi. sce I LR 14

Brachyceredicn acct neuen trae ee eee ee 17

Brachypelta. cake ea AE eee 5

Brachysteles: stekene ne det EA: 24

Brachysturar. cara EE 21

brevicollis 45) EN 1, 14, 47

Drewipenmisn(Ad3) MENEN EE 28

Bresis I GO) A a RAD A se 23, 67

Brunmeusi(45 IAA N NEE 28

BEVOCOLIMACR ER IRE OOO 13

BEYOCOLINIERI IT EE 13

BEV OCO ESTE A ende EE 13

bueno PITTI RO LGE 10, 39

butler GU ONREIN ene eae 23, 68

BIORITMI 3

caelestialiumW GA) RR 2226586

EIERN) a a i O eee 34

album ee LIA 11, 40

ealcaratag SAD) AI eee ds DI

chere OS) WER 4

CAIO ORE ee aE ee ae 31

Calloni ae Ro RO 8

CUOCO EL REIT 20

CALYPLONOLUGINA SN II RR ET 4

CampestrismEyctocoris BS) Per 4,24

campestrisgOrthopsk 2 19

Camptobrochis me EEE Sy, 3)

Gamptotelusmnne cs RI 76

Camptozyoum ee EE ECRIRE EN OUT Cee ee 20

@ampylommaret et RC NE 16

Campyloneura ee een enen EET 7

Campylosteitaree RR NRE 11

COMPOSANTE oe TR 3

CAPITAINE A LINO l

Cap rae (Oily LT ONT 2,10

CAPSOLESTE re TN 4,21

(CRÉÉ ee nee de mn Le Role ca Dai 21

capucina OO) PER NVN CPE 12, 43

Cardiasterhini Pere eN 24

GCardiastéthuS PE ese sy eacss dc I 24

CARAVAN SR RT er 12

CARIGISH (25.8) MOLLE INR ees 3, 18, 56

Cannata ZA GAlyPpral(CO RR 11

Carim Ata VA GELLO pish(355) RR TO TT Dil

Carpotoris see NEA 33

Castanea! (li) manner EERE 8

Catoplatusi.. cia PI ER E 12

CAVILLOMS: ne nd NA PR eee D

Ceraleptusi... i EEE DI

Ceratocombus:… 21221 ter 4 eee eee 7

cervinus (274) un eren 19, 57

Charagochilus:..... .. 0. ARR 20

Chartostirta.a ii ROTA 11

ChartosCistini.. SL EE ER ul

Ghilacis) ot I RR ee 27

Ghiloxanthinde nnen 10

Ghiloxanthus 22 NERO 10

chiragra (497) Re NME ere 29

Chlamydatus wa. 22... RE Re 15, 16

ehlorızans (228): nn or 2 ee 17

Chlorochroavan earn ven ve 33, 85

ChOLOSOMA torn ner EEN 31

Chorosomatini..... verd mi EREN 31

ChEysanthemil(1S9) ITE 15

ciliata (LOW) in En 12

G@iMeX tb. ss) dhe east daca CE 24

Cimicidae ar vorden ae 24, 87

Eimicoidea, nn neren EEE 22

CIMICOIdESUIC) re Loacoobacouegoe 2,8

Cimicomorphar PACE il

EINELA ((B2)) ee EEE 11

éinerea (3) vun teen I EN 7

CINNAMOMEUS (MUL) oo os ncoeoccesuocousacosce 25

cinnamopterus) (2/15) PA 17

clavatus (IG) LS UD OO ee 17

Glaviculus((G4i) eee eee IT Dj

clampes 420) EN 26, 88

Glivinem ann 13

Elosterotomus.. nn. EET 20

COCCINCANQIINN re en ee ee eee 3

COCCINEUS (ZINN 2: 2c EEE 3,18

COCKSIL (83). sua 11

coleoptratanCymatian( PETE 7

coleoptrata, Myrmedobia (118) ................. 13

coleoptratus, Ceratocombus (1) .................. 7

columbariusi(BON EEE 24, 72

Compsidolomi. ee 15

concinna (2 Mr ERE 2,8

concolor (252): u... atie EEn 18

confususmAnthocorisi(3 TT 23

COLLAND UN CO) 4,76

confusus Pilophorus (21) RE 17

contusus, Psa1lus (107) SE EEE 3, 15, 49

Comiortodes 1... RI eee 15

Conostethusi.. lira NE 14

Constrictus(206) ROLLE O REC eee 16, 53

contaminatusi( 280 19

contractus (AO) 28, 77

CREATED) EE RSS CL 650000000600 3, 12

Coranusih..:.- aen ARR RE 25

cordiger (127) ons annen a8 RE 13

Coreidaë:. Lurie EE 30, 87

Côreinae: kiss Abe EEn 30

Foresta ee RES 5, 30

Coriaceus (225) anneer een ee 3 117

Cbriomeris.. Lis ever etn IN RER 31

AUKEMA:

(CO d'a RA RT RARE 8

Core N TIA n 7,87

Cotes à Ina 7

Conbroteen. 615 ER a eae ihe 7

COS oo es N ATI 5, 21

(COnNOICARPRERNE RE RER He i ote 26

cotials (402) RE nee 25, 73

COR (154) oo ee PIE 14

costalis 30) 45000 N o cer AZIO

COS ALAN (NUN) olde dee TE 12, 43

crassicornis, Criocoris (197) ................. 16, 52

crassicornis, Stictopleurus ....................... 1

crassipes, Berytinus (423) ...................... 26

crassipes, Phymata (410) ................ 25, 73, 87

Gremnocephalusmreyes eu. 16

CASE 65.0. vr er sts cat aed ble, aoe eee BGs 16

GriSpatay ClO) EEN 12, 43

GRUGIOCUSE (233) o I 3,18

GUlICIFORIMISI(AVANE ens some 0 24

CUBRONS 0/0 0 ee a SET, ERO SA 2

GUESIFANSESCIOCONISUOPA) nn 33

GursitanswXylocoris (391). EE 24

GHRIOS (576) +4 IRR BE 34

Gralnidlae s à 302 TINI 32, 87

Oren PR MERE nn 32

CVANUSERERE SI Ale ore Ee 392

eylindricoliseeg er. eene eerde VAN

Ellecormseggogis ee le JU ZIA

GUOGOTES vus ee à

Grade or sers oo N ET 7

VIALI MACRO EIN 7

CHE. 2: n Di

CHE ole oon en 27

CYHPROSTELNUS MERE ne 34

Crodatons RER RO RE 18

COTON à 0.6.6 88 Be IA 3

chiant (SA) eee CP ee 5,31

Caron (DAO) ss eae aoe ee Ee Ee One 5

decolo EN LE 3, 14

dos (ANNE ce co 28

denticulatUSO 20) I I 31

demtnpesn GLA Papers ne emo or 8

depressus Aradus (413). 0. 25

depressus, Orsillus (436) ................. 26, 74, 88

IDYSPASO GOR Ro oc 13

IDEARC ROO |, on Ro 13

IDEFACOCOLISERERE nnt 3, 13

Deele on weeet 12

desentusWON ONB Rn ME 30, 79

chapman (245) Osea een asa. 3, 18, 55

IDG TOME Sogn as TE 7

DiChtOOSCYLUSME loos TIE. 20

DWicranocephaluspyer naa see ea eal EE TEE 4

DGA 85 brb RI O 3, 12

IDES OMCs PRE: 3,112

Dieyphinaeser OLI RTRT 16

DICYBRUS so A A e TI IR 16

dilatatus O8) MARE UE 29

AMARE 21

CRIS UC (NÉE RERO IN Eee 3, 49

diminutus Kirschbaum (172) ................... 49

DipsOcoroidear ras ES TER ee) i MOR eRe Vi

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera Om

DIPSOCOLI AEREO NË VAS

Dipsocoromorphalas er 7

dispar OMD POLI 30

dissimilist(400) NEE 24,72

distincte (PO) eer ah A WE AR 8

distingendustelen Ene AMER 1

distinpguenda (ll) PEER PER PET Er 13, 45

CitOMOIdES(CA SERRE CR OA DW)

Dolichonabis ne ae 22,67

dolobratai(49) Er 4,22

A010 Data SA) cd 00 ivo 4

Dölycorisı Me TI TRE EERE 33

dominus VIET SO 34, 86

AORTA RS LTN ee RE TT 5,83

DIVANI: Be APO RA ELE eure 28

Dy Ms Faved A seen AAA 28

DEYyOPIMOCORISE TERRE E ERO OR RO 18

AUDIUSTA LERNER RE edet 1

Dufourie lis nio ero ORE eno 24

AdUMEtOtU MIMO 12, 45

dumosan(O 79) AAT ANTI OO II 34, 86

GUIMNOSUSE(OV) ek eC ER ee 86

EEN) RE RI Nee) en 12

Elasmostethus On 34

Elasmuchar as RL 34

Elasmuchinacn tees ne IS POE 34

Blatophiluse ce cata serre tat eee 23

elegantula, Chartoscirta (84) ................ 11, 41

elésantula Loricula (116) seen ene 13

elongata (340) aren ER pe 4,21

Emblethis% IT 30

ÉMESINAER ER ROL CN IONE 24

EMPICOLISEIM IATA 4,24

CNCIVISION N 2958717

ENOPIOPSRA ri ee 30

CpI LOCI RI 16

EQUESTRI 4, 26, 74

Eremocorisi: i MELO LES 28

ericaeiKleidocerys (439) LE 2, 27, 75, 88

ecicaeyNysius! AZZ) re TIE 26

éricetorum Nabisn(GOl) ere re eee 23

ericetorum Orthotylus (290) EA 18

ELEFANT 16

EEraticasNOtostiran( SAONE 4

erraticus Eremocoris BOD) nn enten 4

CIVIDNOCEDEAU ACETO ee: 53

EUAttusk A TR tr RTE 15

Eurycolpus ee eenden ene ATO AEL 1

Eurydematrt og eee ee ter one RE 34

Bury caster ane II 32

EurymEerOCOLis ha 16

IEUSAT COTES Rae ee isc steve Ree Nt oe 5

evanescens MORIRE 16, 51

CHILI) e EN: 3

IE VSALCORIS me cia a ciel geen dame CE UE DOS

fabric Cato platus(10) LOR EE E 12

TabriCn Amctocon1sa 2) ER EE 2

fabricityEysarcorisy OO) PSE CEE EEE 559

falleniMPS Alu SI QICS) RENNEN 15

jallentsPseudophloeus (SZ) er EEE PEER CPR 5

falleninSigaral(S RON 8

fallen Atenocoris, O2 REIN NT Hall

98 * TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

ASCTRENTA (BI) lodo odi desde 24,71

CO ARI 1

VETRO AIR EINE 1,54

fecaupataWEla simuch'at(054) eee ener 34

ferrugatanlkeptopternan(55,0) RER 4,22

JORGE, METS (BIO) 2 86 soccoudesdacooo ne 4

onde (EO) PROTEO CICCIO 4

LELUSH SOL) REN rr ETEN 23

FE DERIN OSD) nr ee Orr ECCO 34

RiehErOGa PSUSLAL ARIOSTO AE 197,

ESA ZIE er e 4 13

tlavellus: (169) EEE 15

flAVCOISRENRYGOPUSPRPRRE RE E 1

flaveolus, Fieberocapsus (229) ............. D 7, SA

VVLVICON NO A2) re CD PES RER 5

HAVICOLNIS (0 A2) Meen ASIAN 5, 22

Mavil ine NA 2, 13, 45, 87, 94

Havinery.ist(2A hetero cen nite mee cece Nene erent wee ae 18

favo maculatuisi(252) Pe 18

Havomarsinatusg OON A DD

tlavoquadrimaculatusy (231) Pr 3, 18

flayosparsusi(2)4) hewn. ve. RIETI 18

HO AGE CO) re eats Re a 12

fORMICELO LUTZ .osanncdeocosscucsudeoe 24,71

fossarumi IRON RI 8

fina GUI COL SA (ABS) Ey O RE OA 4, 29

LU CICO AU IA won boa RER RSD 11, 40

rallienmens (ID) oo ane aaa desc ose dou 29

fulieinosaNDictyonotan( GB) 12

fuliginosa, Odontoscelis (546) … 32

fulvicollise (DI) EEE 3, 18

IERI (IBC) ve 15,51

fulvomaculatush OA) BREE RNA E RE 20

furcata Miesovellia (AS) PER 9

VANCALAMINO LONECLAA (EB) NN 2

IMSGESICANS (QED) edo O A degne 18, 55, 88

fUSCIOLS ENER 2 Sil

MSCS OMG (HG) sc200000000000500000000000 33, 86

Lala ctinus (GO) eee 600 ERI EN 24

GAlEALUMEE Reano OI CO 12

PAU INA EME re M EEEN 83

lement (B72) e 6e oc an0sadencuc 4, 23

Ballanum (GUD) ora sen oan OE TE á

GampsoCcOLis I ee REEN 26

(Gastrodes yyy rt REC EE 28

pemellatist(@04) en 195697

SEMINAR A a CR A ee A RA 1

Fans (SI) occorsi vado Ay ET 7

Peniculatisn(435) MERE RR 29

sensae (235) ococccnccdntcovcosccsnoocs Ay IG, SS

GEOCOLIMACALIANTI MU RER TN INI RE 27

(GeOCOni sey com La O RS RENE 27

AD TOW: (Oooo aac LIO 2

GEOLOMU NEN EE D OEE l

BETA (II) 0 .0.00000 000000080000 0000.806.00 13

Berm ais (IND RNA e AMOR ARE DOSI 8

(GELLAR ITA A RANE 10, 87

Gerrinae WKE er I ARI VARI EN 10

Gerre a AS ek eee 2,10

Gerroidean ER RA OR RT EE 10

Gerromorphatrer we I I IN 9

BIDON) ee 10

AN MeT DANS 4

gimmerthali GAP 4, 21, 65, 87

Glaenocorisa =: ass 2 EE 7

glandicolo rl GAD 27)

Blauca(39).... nr EE EEEN 9

Globicepst. sn Gos chen en EEE 18

globuliferi(212) rr 17

GNAbOCONUS SLI 2 En 5

Gonianotini „un. tar stre EEE 30

Gontanotus. . „rs. Ar En 30

GonoeEruús.s ann set TY TI 30

gothicussAlloeotomuss( 154) ree 13

gothieusCapsode (911) Er All, G2

gracilenta (49) ndr rees Se ee 10

gracilissyAcalyptay ST 11

gracilis, Myrmecoris (261) ............... 19, 56

gracilis lemnostethusi G65) PAP eee eee 23

Graphosomar.sass ner note EEE 33

Graptopeltus’: 3523 233 0 PRO 29

Brisea IGO) O PO 34

griseola. arn RIE E 1

priseusiConostethusi(158) Pen 3, 14

griseus) EmmblethistO 03) meeer 30, 79

grossipes (466) 5 acc aan Sa ee 4, 28

prylloides(446))\2 7 1272 Re DI

guttula( 352) aren oe EEN 22, 67

oyllenhal CITIES 3

evillenthalitit(295) En 3, 20

Hadrodemus:... i 2245005 EMI 20

haematodest(70) es 3.15)

haemorrhoidalel O8) 34

Haldosalda=... Serre EEE 3

Elalicorimar tener dite RENEE 8

Hallodapini . 32.4 353- 5: 202 SR eee 16

Hallodapus.. ans ned RA 16

Flalosaldan inns drents nn 11

Halticocorini sr neen EEE 17

Halticus. ar iN 17

hamatus RNA 28, 77

Marpactor iure ARI eee 73

Harpactorinae.. 22... oss I NET 25

Harpocera nas vann age N 14

Hebridae : asa rai 9, 87

Hebrotdea sanar zor 000 PRE 9

ÉTÉDEUS iI 9

Hebrusella so. vene er 9

Dellensi (2A)... 2 2.0. EEE 2

hellensii (24). ben iet Se ne 2,8, 36

helveticus: (431). Sanat eee ee 4, 26

FIESPELOCOLIXA RR RR RR ERE 2,8

HFeterocordy]us:: 0% ae Ao RS 18

Heterogaster : i... net EEEN 27

Fleterogastrinae Ret NS 27

Héterorius ss 2.4... 28.300 ERETTO 23

Heterotoma':. anssen 18

iero glyph1Ca CERERE ERRE RE 2

Himacerusi u. CAN EEE 22 67

hiesutulus.. noe 2.2.2 bene 1

hirticornisi(421)te Ss EEE 26

hicrundinist(697) ee 24, 72

NISTHIONICUS (220) EN ORE 3. 17

Rolcostethust tr ANNE 5, 33}

AUKEMA:

holosericeus, Polymerus (293)............... 20, 60

holosericeus, Tropistethus (455) .............. 28, 76

holsata (597) ali RE de 4,21

bolsasna (SD) ee SONA MOT 4

TO OdEN USER TEN I INTE. 3

EIoplomachusgr.e ter tn een ee 14

I NORETLOER. EP bete NHL 83

numeri (S43) e er. 32,83

mali Dieyia (IIS) as nee 23 012.

baumalMonanthia (Qi De ee en en 3

Invallioms (527) ee anna 31,81

Bberomennts. etn INR TA 10

EIVCIOMELEIA ARR RO bee 9, 87

Fipclraomennicea 10 atteso ao denn bad sas Ban aoe 9

Bbopaillles RS nun ee 15

bpostand (SHS) Eee eden aoe 5

VOS MON oa ae anda ae BEES En 5, 31, 82

Eboceoecs RSR 2. 17

facrans (62) LR MER ee 8, 36, 87

Ibolocorts . vossen RE ia AD Iata: 16

MOCO ful à à 0 0 eee ed n cr 8

armor (Gs see Bn OE LL cao 41

taken (SS) TREE 20

means (GZ) rel 21

intermedia Rubiconia (560)..............he+s 33, 84

intermedius, Dichrooscytus (296) ............. 20, 60

INTEHSCINCHUISIO SIE I N 34

inimeacus (317) ON old E 21,61

ineusus (BP) MR EEE TES 22, 65

ia (69) RER NER 33

TEA GUN USER gens 4,73

IS CIO CONS EE TRO EN 28

ISCHROdENUS EE PE na te ee. 27

lschinorhymchinaemepy en semi oo) | Anes ence 27

SCHON NI ILE INNATO 4

ISOTMELO PINA CRE ES DD

ISOINCLO PUSH RI RN RE Faire et Eat 22

ballen (SS2N e e 5

allan seed: 34

juniperiaGonoeerussDl Oh. annen en 30, 81

junipesi@Ehytoconispee I I I 1

jumijserima SO): ES ER Re ER Cu 33

Kalama sove 12

lt (DN ee ee RE 3

kalkalt (272) sr 3,19

Illetas ree tee NN weer ws See 27

Rina (SSO)S rte Ro 33

Sten OCOLISP AIEN Ce ee 21

lastre (0) ARRE 10

ete GLIA a AS Te SI Auto 3

Ten (Mi Re i 212.

hevican (DI) ri ee en ee 4,21

VA CA au SS 4

laevis 060), 5, 25, 74

PATMPIO PARERE OOC REI 28

AS la Can that ee mie den ee to 12

FAST OS OMS SIENS MERE ER ALL 29

laterali ANGEL KONE 209)

lateraliseidalosaldag(G9) ERE Re Dali

lateralis, Sigata SD) an. erhal 2,8

lawicalllis (GBS) Er RE EEE 23, 69

VOD MIA (DEN) o's POOR VOI 4

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 99

IUS OOC CIR ES I 4, 28, 76

lectulariuss( SOS) NEER 24

Me S MOUS I RARI RICA 32

lÉPIdus CL) ER RC ee PET 15

IEptocerusn OS OPETE 18, 55

We ptopodoideara ar. ae TAGS 10

Beptopodo1morphay ERE 10

Me Pto Pte NA AA Er ese RE Be 4, 22

leucocephalusi(222) i BERE SCORE 17,54

limbatus, A NthOCOLS (072) RAP ee 23

limbatus Ey20cOnNS (282) PE PAPE SE 1959

limbatusSNabicula GS8) rn. ee 4,22

limbosuUsKO2 EEE 55.32

[imitata iSigara (CORRO eer re 8

limitatum, Brachyarthrum (153)......... 2, 14, 49, 87

Ei MO MAIS): AO ENI 22, 67

LIMAOPOUS EE RAPEN 10

linearis, Megaloceroea (341) .................... 4

linearissRanatran RE 7

lineatum, Graphosoma (552) .............. 5,33, 84

lineatus®ENabDICUl CIME EE 4, 22

Lineal usNiy S125 AEREO 00.8.0 0010 TINA A 4

lineatus, Teratocoris (348) ..................... 65

INCOME TRO een eee 5,32, 83

lineolatus, Adelphocoris (309) .................. 20

lineolatus, Camptotelust 2... toi nee 4,76

lim aen (Eene Accs ery RO SE EE 2,8

MAPPA NB e Diletta 2

TIOCOLIS lms sere Ae I CE DEN TEEN 19

Biorhyssusiays re IRR ee 31

TITOCOLISI er syste le a RT E RETRO 18

Itotalise(l 82) VARENNA RR ZO

littoralis (CORRE RR RI DE 11

Cura Us (OZONO 33

IVI LUSAZIA EAD RENNEN TETE ENNE 31

Ron eee 26

HARAS TO RE dada ne 8, 36, 87

GT ENTRE SE TE REI 21

Iongirostris (OGC) II EAN EEE PER 282307

BO Pus: x. sig ae ARTE 4,14

lo riculannens Sr AEN SII)

IACOLUM (2 SD EE En 19

hive GYAD EEE 32

LUUD TESA DBs NS NE RATA NT 2

lundi OO ER 4, 29, 78

larida Bam eran ASI ENTI 4

luridus, Pachybrachius (484) ............... 4, 29, 78

luridussBsallusi (TD) RNN 15

luridus, sStronoylocorisn 225) kerr EEE 17

lugiduslroiluss OE 34

IO IO ici toe 9, 37

luteico NS (220) ERP RER are En 1759

lutescens 24 nee Te 13

[Ey C'OCOLIMACLIA III EC LL COM PER eee 24

EY CLOEOLN eel e eren ARN 24

MEY CEO CO LIS tree Er lede ae 24

Pe CLOCONUS Ce acu Sige ep hee ad AR NAY AEN Te AEROS 4

By caeidaenic AZOTO eZ ONS

By PACINAC ILA OR LIA DCE 26

Ee A 26

Ey POCO LIS RSA ER E N 3, 19

ILS OUSE Gres aah REI N)

100 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

IymEEus (AS) FARE: Dane 4,29

stavi MN COS) BERRETTO ENT 3, 20, 60

MEGA CEI TIE 3

MACCEVE CN IRINA TRE IT RIT 32

Meerodem aten N NO EI 30

IMacrolo PUS ANI ATRIA 16

Maeropartusr Ae Rhene ere TA 26

Macrosaldulatee M AI 11

Mäcrotylu Meen OI I 14

maenlaragNotonectal(Al mame ne E PISO I 9

acida Pesa (CMI) eres voto od oe av sos Bals o ord ore 4

maculatumyeresimay (DIMORE 4,25

maculatusiGaleatusi(97)) PRA E 12, 43, 87

maculatus INAUCORS OT) N e O TE 9, 37

maculatus Rhopalus SI) EPP ER E NE EEE" 31

IMAC KE LR DLE ROTTE 19

IMACMICOLMISE (ILS) IS), Sil

MARTE sn 4, 22

MMAIUSCLIGH SSO) NOR RI 4

fmnmsaulitis (HK) PEET 4, 23

MAlaCOCOLI SMELT ET 17

MUZE nt A PE 15

marginalis, Micracanthia (81)................ 11, 41

marginalis, Orthotylus (244) ................... 18

marginata, Acalypta (88) ................... 11, 42

MaLeinatuss Coreus DIS) OR aie 5, 30

mora ns (QOD) acocoosovecosckoousouscvso0s 60

IMArgiNepuncratusi (5,05) EREMO Se 30

maritimum, Monosynamma (193)............... 16

MAGI MUSABCEOSUSIALO) RIE OO SONO 29

Manitimuseley cust (20>) PE 19), 37

NIEREN (227) oo neo ano ad bom ao ao 5 2, 17, 54, 88

MUONI II o EER 32

MECOM maere Re 19

med SRM) ES EDEN 30, 79

megacephalus CAT) PAR Di UD

Megacoelumina sene ln ORE 20

MEDA OCCORRA TI 21

Mesalocoleaste: to ESRI RAR 14

MELA ONORE SO es ace eres 29

MEZZO NOISE TOR ae ee ie 4, 29

melanocephalus, Cymus (443) ............... Di TS

melanocephalus, Eusarcoris (559) ................ 5

melanocephalus,Phylus (SS) Eee 14

Melanoconyphuseee RR ea 88

melanoscelan Ar 11, 40

Melanotsichus sE 18

mers (CN ste sbsadnudedadd os dede e 25

MM OPLOST TIRO O By DI

Mesopsallus PRE ETRE 15

MESOvel er IO I on 9

MESovellda RARE EE RE RAI 9, 87

MEesovello dea Por RIT 9

Metacanthinaen LO EROE 26

RAIDS NOTE CRE DO RIOT 4

MEtarropisk heen ene De NOTE 26

MELO PORRE RO ZI U re ee ee 27

Mieracanthian EE A EN rt PAR 11

MIGFONECTI RIE TITTI IRR U

Micronectin ae ER 7

MENO WANED ois, pooh III IO 3

Micro PAYS RE TE 13, 87

GO (DIO) oddio 30

Mierosigara sd x 305 Wieren 8

Micro yncrinid ar eee eee 3

MiGrotoma i tester EEE 4

Microvelian una O 10

Mieroveliinaë. osn CODE 10

TK (GWA eg rn 23, 68, 69

minor Berytinus (422) eee ee 26, 74

minorsBlesiocori nen 1959

MINMANSEN) ian CSR 4

minutissima, Micronecta (6)............... 7, 25, 39

minutissima lea (AS) re EE 9

MINULUSA(D ET) sene EEEN 4, 23

Migidae at age sane RE 13, 87

Miridius gross tata GE 21

VIMTTONS (S32) candida 31

Mirinae®. Jenn art sE 19

Mitininesnainve nnn anr 19

Mir is atomen ee 4,20

MIRMIEOIdESI SPA) ER eee 4,22

Miroidea.. parse erheen EE 13

modestusn (449) En DID

moesta (lO ie res ANNEE RER 8

mollienlus WADE 14

mollis:(172) tr ca EER 15, 49

Monalocoris.....- su ee ene 13

Monanthia irr ent EEE 3

monereaffin( 255) oen ae EE 18

MOonosynamma EEE 3, 16

montivagusy (424) ee eee 26, 74

mOroNsaldan eee eee 11, 40

MOnioySehirus! OAI) EE 32, 83

muellerii(68)f rt en 11, 40

TMUSCH(SQ) sic os aen na ace CEE 11, 42

mútabilisn 22) err de od RARE 3

Myodochini. tri enne ee 29

Myremecorissnn 32122 11 IONE 19

Myrinedobia:. Annen en 13

Myrmus nent oaks mr ran 31

Nabieula a... sten. AE 22, 67

Nabidaes 84 ceo. vin dee sr a 22, 87

Nabinaen... avn oa beeren A E 22

Nabinidenrs 3... 0.02 es ee le 90 0.6.0 à à 0 0 0 22, 67

Na OS Eee sds = Die 210.05 d 010 8 01e 4, 23, 67

AE OC) A crei OT 10

Hassatuss(2ASN.. eu 18

DASU SIAE O E eee 14, 47

Näucoridaers i.e bene En 8, 87

Naucorinae nnn EE 8

INAUEORIS:: actin: et eea An 9

Naucoroideat} se. tc. OI RE 8

nébulosais same. ann ne er A EEE EEEN 1

nebulosus Ol 29

NOTE nes de aan Ss See 26

nemorallis(675) EEE EEEN 23

nemorums(B76) an a 23

NEO lASIOTLOPIS A EEE 12

Neolygus maan Garson son sense GEE 19

N eomecom mann TEE 18

Neopachylopsi ti tutt ACNE 18

Neottiglossa: ta sce se a IR IRAN 33

Nepa. une eee ee RIONE 7

AUKEMA:

INGE se 7,87

INISBIMAE Lies Ate TT OI Ba AS 7

NERO dE ARE AIR 7

IN PO O Ep AE ne PE 7

miser (DA) o RR Re CSS 423

20200 BOA) es 4

miemiconninNCarpoconts OO. ee nee 86

nigricornis, Elatophilus (368) ............. 23, 68, 88

MORNAGO REI eae ene ee Se 12, 42

DE, ACH (OLE) 32, 83

mignitamPolymerusi(294)\ ennen nende LE 20, 60

EOL TN UO EERE EPE 152

migcolineataySigara(2))) Le de ZG

nigrolineata, Trigonosoma (552) ................ 84

MORVELICU MRO OE 20

INOEONEEEAMEN RN mr ee ct TIRI 9)

IN@IOMEGHEACS à 05 na Hen OH Been Goo e Ad ahd 9,87

INOLOMECINACH ee CO Eee 9

INGtOMECLOIG CAR ee 9

INIOLO SATA EI rn ce RITIRI N 21

MOTS INR eere RI RARI 62

nubiluswbathysolen\(23))- . an... ne 31,81

nubilusssMacrolophusi(205) ona 16

nubilussPemtrechusa(491) RENE 29

INVSÎOG 0 ET a ee CINA EE: 26

OBERE) ER er IR ea IR ES 12

ObliquanNotonecta (43) 2. ee Mk 259

OUTED, Cane (CAD a nn SO 4,75

obsentellusk lim ee ZD

obsoletumt Olien E NE 16,92

oalromelas I i 3

Odonto Paste COPPA II III USE: 10

Odontoscelistn TT ORI 32

DECIA CUS ER IA INT AANG 24

oleragsn (STD se IO en 34

Clivacsus (120) srate e oo 15

ONCOcH ARR ee I 12

OMG UNE IO AI 14

OCEAN OO EPA 3

ouala QD) ER ec er 11,41

Online RER ER nt Ae 75

OP 5e Le SO TE 23

OLSENE IN RI ANA 4,23

ODA LUBIANA 5, 86

Oria. ARR OS RR a: 26

Crsilhs … ae 26

Croce EE Ce ee: 17

ormhoedilla MO» i ovens e e ano 11

@rtholomuse TEA re CCS 26

OLCHONOISERE EEN ITA TI 14

CLEO PSP eo INI By Als)

OO NACRE RÉ 17

ORVIETO 17

OLCOWIUSB I E Sean 2a ee 3, 18

Oxyeareninae ree AIAR 27

OXRYCATEN USER NRB nen IA ION 27

pabulinusW(2 PEREN 19

Pachybrachiussn nnn E OO E 29

Bachiy CO leusy A nnen ER PEER RE 7

Bachyimeruse a IAT 79

Pachytomela fe RE AIRONE 17

PAPER ete on bord 14

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 101

allons CO) ot On pont ane ZIO

balidiconnss 20 3

pallidipennis 75

pallidust CONT en ee RO ERE ER 16

PallipeS CAT) rata e IE 11, 40

Balomenan a. Lo aaa IE 33

paludums/Aquarius (63) RIEN PE 10

paludumsdieratocorisn( SAT) EEn Ce 22, 65

palusteissPolymerusy(290) EERE 20

palustrissSaldulan(@/8) Wrs NE 1, 11, 40

JHA ae EE TONE 4

Pantiliust branen EE 21

PINZE. ROIO CO TER FER 8

PACACOLIXAMR RITRAE 8

PATALIOPICEpPS RER nn AUTRES 18

parallel 224), SP E ARRE 17

ParapsalluS es cute mener IR EL 15

parumpunctatus (29) Erne CEE MERE NE 31

PAGVICOLMSICI IEEE ENT CE 24, 71

PAM OLE AO ME ES DN 12

parvulus, Atractotomus (180) ................ SN

parvulus EX YIOCOTIS EE EEE I IE 1

Paykullun@a AI): se eener OI 3,14

Pedest rss (ABZ) eo TEE 4

REntatom a EER 33

Bentatomidae ee 33,87

Pentatominae tn 33

Pentatomordea en 32

Pentatomonpha yaaa ers II 25

Peri ZA MRP O N >)

Perittechus RI AO 29

perplexis (218) ZORRO 17

PELLIS 2) RAM ne RI 15

Personatus (AWG va 25

Bhimoder aa TERN 32

phoeniceus(492) aa ase ee 29

BhOEnicocoris NER 15

Phyll dea i er ER AE AR EN 15

Bhylinae A cso AA EE SEN 14

Phys ANNE EE 14

PROS ME thes ed SO e SAI 14

Bhymatak en ni e 25

Bhymatınae sa. TE 25

Physatocheilan IAA 2

PISA sense ee EEE 3

Phy COCOLIS qr ee LE TINTI 21

Pia NA CE) IR I CRT 4, 28,77

PICeUs (A608). ar ES pence EE 4,77

DEIN USA CORTI, CARITAS TE

Pipe SD I) NME Geter sera tuyere RATE D5 92

Picromerust ee NI III A 34

pietus (AD aster eenen AE 28

Piesmar Ma ee en eae 25

Biesmatidae ee TE EN 25, 87

Piesmatoidea re or neee TN aE TOE 25

Biezodorusi a. Re LE 33

PEZOSECLD US: nn NE EE 4

pilicornis\Calocons1(B00) Fe ES ITEM 20, 61

pilicosnissDrymusn (AS) ee ET EE 28, 76

Pier IO OO NZ?

Bilophotin EST NE EL RO RA 17

Philo} NOG A EE RE RARE RER 197.

102 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

POS AQLOZ) EEE Mere a dina o's Sip er 12, 43

pilosellaN eects ce xe RIE AR 11

PilosussAnthocorisn O7) PERRE 23, 68

pilosussBothynotus) (23) ee ee 13, 45

PilosussChiloxanchusi(G>) REE 10

pilosussMevalocoleusi(/43) EERE: 14

pilosus, Scoloposthetus (472) ................ 28,77

Binalitusar I OENE RIN AE 3, 19

DIR AS En OSD ATTICO 3

PINETE 3, 14

UATE ODIO en DI RI 3

pin, Amoer (ID) ERRORE 21

pini, Rhyparochromus (493) ................... 29

pinicolan( CO) NA III 33, 85

Binocapsus. may LIO EE 18

PA NENAEUS EDS ME II IA 1

IPiGNOSOMUSin ats VITO EEN 30

DEDEN AN EO) ENE 72

pipistrel AO) ER Ae RO RE DS TD

BIL COAT ASSO TAO I AIR 85

PiCRA MAIA e nee RN RZ AA 19

Pithanus gien PO 19

PityopsalWSi TI 15

PIC gNathusyiswor ssc ee 15

Plan co: SKI) AE ISO 3, 18, 55

platychela 02) ee ee 3, 12, 42

Macon CP) ciocca code 3, 42

EN Te es DR NO EUR RE 9

PIEDEUS AR TE Ne ARRET 28

BIE AEN 9, 87

PIETER O 9

BJESIOCOE STR E IE E 19

EIESIORE MAREA 14

EICSIOVCNA ERE ERRE RR PE 10

BA thisimie rennen EE 27

Plm ESSA Heel: 28

BIOCIOmeEnI se 78

PIGTATIO A ET ee AO OO. NAT 4

poagrious (GOS) RR REI ot a’ 28, 77

Rodopinde ATI cess eu OT 33

ROMO PS ts MI ee 33

Roeciloseytusi rat en Seed od eather aoe ee 3, 20

PO LOPES III IAA 15

Bolymerus nennen I II 3,20

POPULIMEYLOCOLIS SI) PRE 2 10, 59)

POpulPhytoconiSO 20) APP SERE E EE 21

DOME) A INA cae eae es 7,36

pates GOD) 0e 0000006 0000 shout don 29

PERSON RER AR PPT de 1,8

Pras1naN CD) MO ni done nata eco 33

PEASIMUSH (ZAG) IMC AN ES RN 18

(RAKES (AO) PER 19,97

Privienisi(437) BARRA DAT ANS

POULE ST A CNIT 1

pPLopinguay (lO) PETE DU

Brostem ma I ROTA

Brostemmatinae EE O VE A

Prostemmatinies er EE ARTE?

BEOXVIOCONIS NOT 24

PAUSE RN 115)

psammaecolorm (S43) DD

pselapmifoemisn di ee scopes 13

Pseudoferusg(& 6A) ERRE eee ee 23, 67

pseudograndisi(475) Pe 2, 28, 77

PSEULOlOXO PSE RE ET RETE 18

Piendophlaeus SIA ARE 81

RONDES eos sseseaaccecodoaooscosesee 5,81

Pseudophloinde eee EEE 31

pseudoplatanin(d!63) mre EEEN 15, 49, 87

Pseudoveriniconixal Sd En 8

pteridis( 122) neer ee eek See EN 13

Pterotmetus : 242 2. iu ace O 30

Puberulus (474). nn PR RE 28

pulchella GOOR 2, 24, 71, 88

pulchellus BA)... 2 E 22

pulica usi) RECARE ARESE eee ee 15

pullus(U89)… aren SIA ARRE 16

Ppumilion 99) Eee EEE EEEN 28, 76, 83

punctatal (UG) torens ren ATTORE 2,8

punctatonervosus) O35)... PE ae eee 32, 82

PUNCTATUS (DE) occ aaacacacc0nnccc0cccceacaccs 34

PUNECIPENNIST(35) PARRA 4, 26, 74

punctipes, Gampsocoris (427) ................ 4, 26

punctipes, Oncotylus (136) … 14, 46

punctulatus, Deraeocoris (125) ............... 13, 45

punctulatus Geotomus .:. EE 1

puUEpUreipenmis) (6.68)! rr 33

pusilla, Neottielossa GSM) PEER DI

pusillus Elebrus) (417) ane eee OR 9

pusillus, Pilophorus (218a)..................... 88

pusillus, Plinthisus (454) ................... 28, 76

pusillus, Temnostethus (367) ................... 23

PYCNODLETNA Nn 3

pygmaea, Microvelia (54) .....:........... 1, 10, 39

pygmaeus, Acompocoris (383) .................. 23

pygmaeus; My tthus (2) lee ae 14, 47

Pygolampis. encore 0 25

PYHOIDES) uns sn re ET 1

Byrrhocoridae tt: ER EEE 30, 87

Pyrrchocanis..........2.:22.2. 200 eee 30

quadrata Bıesana (IEEE 4

quadratum, Piesma (418) ................. 4, 25, 74

quadratus, Xanthochilus (495) ................ 4, 29

quadrimaculata partim (109) ................. 3, 45

quad rsmacúlataypartims (LOWER ee 43

quadripunctatus, Adelphocoris (308) ............. 20

quadripunctatus, Calocoris (302) ................ 61

quadrivirgatus(@15) CREER 21, 61

quercus (HOO). are O EEN 15

Raglius. Mise ss ee OI IE 29

Ranatian nanne veder RI IT 7

Ranatrinae. iui EE 7

reclairen(267) ri N IE 3, 20, 59

TEGUCORNISH GADE 4, 21, 65

Reduviidae nnen OO OE 24, 87

Reduviinae i ET 25

Reduvius. anc oaren MRS TI TT 25

Reduvoidea venne TEE 24

resedae (438). D NN IE 4,27

reticulata, IMicrovelia (>). 0)

reticulata, dungis) (ON) SR eee 12, 43

REtrOCOEIXA oars amer RC CI 8

reuters Notomectan(44) a as oe ee ence 9,37

TEUTERIEHYIEOCOLISLS2 ERO SR 21

AUKEMA:

REUSEL PENN ee 17

Riel Ie eer orne de 20

RURACOSMAUIUS foo soldat ORE 34

Fhasanicola (OS), EN er hier nadia 19

RNA PRASSI 1

RIDIRE O EE EE 4,73

dnrococenae (OS) ROLO RE 12

TRONCA (NM): 0 san ve 5

Khombeusko ERRE ee ANNE 5, 30

Rho palid ae au ea n RE 31,87

Rhopallimas.. oe sau RE RO RIS ERA TERN. 31

RFO PAT nd ree oee en 31

RINO PALI SRNR pees ne BAE DAL

RIVM O CO LINRA 25

Rinyparocehrominael. nn. e 29

Rhy parochrominiye so ee een An 29

RUG SAROC OTIS oe cee Ed 4, 29

WOERD + een On de 12

moflamdel (SOD) as onee eo To I dens bh 4, 30

HOSEOMACUIATUS PO) A Beieren en eee 20

rose (199) sos den OR A 3, 16

roseusqConostethusi((139) iena 14, 46

none alas MO O 3

rocnmmmal (200) PE ER EN N 3, 16

ROOTED (QO 655 SE RENO 3

mbar (130): sin er ENEN terete ee Ton 13

lem 5. 6-0: 5) n Seen a A 33

rubicundusn(Fallén)\(288)). .. dhe... nr. 20, 59

rubicundus sensu Reclaire (287) .................. 3

DICE (296) oa bele NE PET EN RO 18

rubens (279) N Rai gabe 19,5%

rufescens, Metatropis (428) ................. 26, 74

rufescens, Hallodapus (202) ............... 3.216,55

niescensmBachycoleus (ON rarr ae... 202,35

GUACEPRCNPST RE EN Er RE 9

OUBICORMISMC AS) ee 22 (656

rotinons (MAN) cea doses a EE daran 3,14

DENTS (CO) Wedde ARIE en Eko IE oe 20

KUÉIPESFACGOMPUSIAMO) NL nt AE PRE 28

rufipesPentatoma (07) rte ee er 33

rmifosanteliamas (EL PE AE 3,10

AUS à 0: 01070 5 RE dae 1

muarcollig (278) va A deere Henst sne Eeen ne Te 19

CURSUS. (HOA) AE RN 23

gueulipennisN OON) anr. e a 19

FUSTICUSE CO) ONT 29

El (LEO) eta os RE OI 128 7

Sabulleni (AAA) EE EE 27

sabulicola, Megalonotus (500) .… 1, 29, 79

sabulicola, Monosynamma (194) ............. 16, 52

gabullosns GSA). 6 REE 4, 29

SAND SO) ER ewer ews obese ale EE 8

Salla so sah NATI TIA 11

Salilicae: sr Sees RARE REI 10, 87

Saldimae HER 11

Cale LINEE AR AE eet i SUR Ob 11

GA ARRE iat oie REA ADONE, LIRE 10

Sellenmigr ss Sen A RE 16

SACE ZO EER ee 3,15

Alco 3, 15, 49

SANTIS E IO E EI: 3

SAISON ETC) Heten da se O 25

Checklist Hemiptera-Heteroptera 103

Saltatons lal tics: (22/1) PEER ER 17552

saltator, Orthocephalus (226) ............. 17454555

om) Ar 00 LL EE 11, 41

Saltitam ssl OOMEN en ren 16

SANPUINIPES 2 en M EE 1

SarOthamnil Gio) re 23

Sa DI enor re 10, 37

SANTE MO AS) NE 22, 65

raie (CAO) Le usb PORGERE 26, 74, 87

Scaplag UN renem EE 5, 30

SCAHADAEDITE SO 4) ee TE 32

schillincin33) aera SCR ae 31

Schimid tin ONE 20, 61

chnesderi (OD) vreden teen MRI 2

SCHOZIUONNER LO COLI AIN 7,35

SCIOCORIS er a en LE 33

SCOLO PIER ILA KANE 24

Scolo poscelistty uan are FEN: EAN 24

Scolopostethuser. OI TRA En 28

SCOLIEAN MON NEO EA AREN 11, 40

SCHEN ee AE E 8

scutellaris 1 ERE 13, 46

ScutellEridae ENE 32, 87

SEhIEINAE re TE AE 32

SEH EE IE 32

SC1ECtA 22) es EP rea ere 8, 36

semistriatan (AI) ne INA 8

SEMEGIONISN(AS4) Er NE ET 26

SPENDEER N See 3

Seticornis OMO TE EE 20

SID IEIEUSDI TORI NIRO NITTI AN 68

SIDAT A II UAAR 2,8

SIENALIEOLNISL A A) I 25, 73, 88

sipnoreti (Mn ATI 26

IMPERO III OA 12, 45

FIERO EN apice n'a 23, 69

singer 2A EEE 262

smreezynsictil (109) PPR 312245

Soler (GUAM ES RE I E 14, 47

Spathocera ..: saret Seen CRUE 31

sphacelatust@ 0) Pon 33, 84

sphepitormisn 23 OI II 18, 54

Sphrapistieus ITTICA OT 29

Spilosterhus RETE 4, 26

SPINACI NE 19

Stapmallisn(23) ewes TEEN 2,8

SCALO UM ONEROSO 10

StalieN NE DDO

staphiliniformsKÓ OS FERA. domes eee re 4, 30

Staphylinoides(608) ITER eee 4

Stenocephalidae ur... TO TT 30,87

STEN OGEND A UNIT REN 4

Stenodemarg,. nrs maen 21

Stenodeminiss singent ehehe NI 21

Stenopodainaer nee ceases soe cit ete 25

Stenotus nnn NICO EO 21

Stephanitisv ARI, Macey. MIRE eh ERIN 12

STRENATUS CR MNT ERP TNT ATA 3, 16

Stictopleurus MER TEASER ee 32

Striata (29) ontario RNA Qt A as: 8

ARITA OIE ee ee 3

State line (GON ys oo bob bade E 3, 20, 61

104 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

SERIA NON AAA A 3, 20

SERIE DOCETAN OA) eenen 12

SELOM SY IOCOLISH Lit nre enti etn EE 17

SEVP NOCOLINI ee AE 28

S GY MO GOLISR eye AI N tia AAE 29

Subaprecush 408) PERRE DS),

A PALA ZA (IBD) co 000008055 0000H A000 RnB A000 46

SUDEUFUSOS ON AAA 31, 82

SUbSIgara ii crc ete AE 8

suleaans (332) 0006000000000 2, 21, 62, 88

SUIGICOEMISK (OS) PPE 2, 16, 52, 88

Sylvadyrnusrs tse aren EA AR 28

Sylvaricusi( A ON) rr AEN ren ene 28

VOT ra NGO eo ee ER 4, 78

DO UDP TEEN 3

ISVEOMASTUSLELLA ICONA III 30

SYSCELONO USATI IO 16

laphropeltus@sen nes re I AE 28

lemnestethus:. are ee 23

tenella, Myrmedobia (120) .........:............ 3

tenellus N\Orthotylus (247) BREE Eee 18

PRETACOCOLIS eo TROIE 22

testudinarial®>))) Sennen aoe eee oR RO 32

NETTA PIE PSE ION EEEN 23

WE Ken ES dn AEN 83

UDP DAN Doll

thomson) EAN 28

thoracica lar poceral(150) PERE REN RR 14

thoracicuse Gerrisn (Gil) PE EP EE EN eee 10

drone (I) BRERA DENE 14, 47

EDU DELTA Rn 47

Cini (BB) ee ooren eme ee 26

Dhyreccoridae TTI 32,87

IR YECOCOLISE ene er ee enge ee AN 32

ele (ZIN ere Hee ER 18

tieinensisg Gilly) PPT 20

OE (RD) TESERO 21

PELO Id ae erneer RI 11, 87

TIERRA NOI Jul

MBN S ASH Ei Weeen EN 12

Hiingordear...un- une un IRE 11

tipulariusy(A26) ea TER 26

(ira PEZONOLUS is. unse ee EEE 30

IDFICNOCALOCOLISI LA ARAN 20

CRICOLMIS (OON EEE IE 3, 12

toifasciatusM GSD) i My LL EER 13

Wig o moty lust Eeen. eon RARA en IE 22

UNI guttatuss(2 03) FERRE 16

TTD LED AGRO EEEN 4

tri pustinlatusi(260) PETE 19

tBISPINOSaU (BAO) coccoccecuggavccas00nau00 4, 21,65

PRES PINOLIA (BBO) oocccsaccceccosaccnasccagccns 4

ERISEDIALUSR OOO) Piri TO 34

IEIEOIME PAS iro I 32

(ro iu Ae O ena Clete bid OR 34

ropidoche la ran res 12

Hiropidoph [eb IA EE Dj

PICO PIMYSIUSH Nen en Hen Re RAR 26

Dropisterhusm naren ern iere en 28

trumcatulusk SO) 2, 27, 75, 88

tubereulifer > same: doc Oe eee 1

TUMICICOLNISU(23 SERRE SORA 18, 55

tunicatus!(330)) cao nne EEE 21

ty pliae(49l)bt.. an een O eee 27

Aytthus: antennen EE 3, 14

UMBRO 21

DDD TION (SB) et 39

UMPEINUS Er en thse Soe EEE Il

Unifasciatusi 29) En 20

urticae 452) bo siti 27

wacabundus) (404) PT 24

variabilisn(l64) 23.5 ve EEE 15

varlansı (7A). 2er ee EDES 15

Varipes (226) „annen A REEN 21

VAIUSMDOND 5 tre EPEN 30

Melia ni ante nd IP 10

Meliidae + eht anni En 10, 87

Meliinaers nv AE 10

VENALOT.A(DIS) ES Wk ee 81

ventralisO7A) see 1, 5, 34, 86, 87

venusta,(Sigäranranor nenten oe RT E 1

venustus, Conostethus (140) ................. 14, 47

verbasci, Campylomma (196) ................... 16

verbasci, Emblethis (504) ................... 30, 79

VENUS REN RL eer ee ee 5

VermicOrixal a tit RI RE 8

Verna (89) teen ten ie bee 5 I

Vernalis:(962) aar LCI SRE EEE 33, 84

HAN ON nenn ee 40

vicinusi(288) rare nr ern EEEN 23, 69

virens, Orthotylus (248) .................... 18, 56

VirensyStenodema (339) rn 21, 65

virescens (252). mito RE PT 18

Virgula: (213) 2 eee 17

vunıdiflayıı std) Eee 14, 46

viridinervisi(249) MRE 18

viridisslyoocorisM 282) PETER 19

viridiswNotonecta 42 9

Viridissimal(0.04) ERRO re RE E 33, 85

VISCIMANINOCOrISE (O 80) meen 23, 69

viscinHypseloecusn(2l4) ERESSE E 17,53

viscicolau(276)..Ar PRE REP EEE 19) 57

vitellinusi(1 7) PP 15

vulneratusi(292) EEn 20, 59

wagner CAPSUS D 2I) EE EEE EEE RSR 21, 62

Wagneri, Lygus (268) "FREE EEE REP EEE 2, 19,57

waeneri, Psallus (165) PP PERRET 15, 49

waltiMPachycoleus\@) FAP sane aoe RE 271,35

waltls:Preudophloeus (522) EE EEE RE 5

waltliiArenocoris (522) Eee 5, 31, 81, 87

wollastoni: ron 0e NUL En 1

woodroffein 40) RO REA 11, 2, 25, 73

NANTNOCRILUSE FEES 29

XYIOCOTINI ver reerde ORE 24

XK ylocorisif paces re 0 one EE 4, 24

Zieronâ wanten been EN 34

TWO NEW MORDELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM KASHMIR

AND SUMATRA

R. BATTEN

ABSTRACT

Batten, R., 1989. Two new Mordellidae (Coleoptera) from Kashmir and Sumatra. — Tijd-

schrift voor Entomologie, 132 (1): 105-107, figs. 1-8. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July

1989.

Two species, Mordellistena leveyı from Kashmir and Calyce sumatrensis from North Sumatra,

are described as new to science.

Key words. — Mordellidae; taxonomy; oriental region.

R. Batten, Sprencklaan 3, 4333 HC Middelburg.

INTRODUCTION

Thanks to the kindness of Mr. B. Levey (London)

and Mr. K. Wellschmied (München), who both

sent me Mordellidae for identification, I am able

to describe two species as new to science.

The following abbreviations are used: l/w -

length-width ratio; py/hy — pygidium/hypopy-

gium length ratio; w/l — width/length ratio;

RMNH - Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,

Leiden.

Formula for the ridges: 3-4.3.2.2. means: hind

tibia (without apical ridge) 3-4, first segment of

hind tarsus 3, second and third segment two ridges

each.

Mordellistena leveyi spec. nov.

(figs. 1-5)

Holotype male: Kashmir, Srinigar, 26 June 1984, leg.

B. Levey (in RMNH).

Paratypes: 5 males and 4 females, same data as holotype

(one female, labelled allotype, in RMNH, other para-

types in collection Levey and Batten).

Description. — Belongs to Mordellistena s.s.,

having each of the first four segments of the an-

tenna narrower and shorter than segment 5. It

belongs to the gemellata-group, characterised by

two short lateral ridges running more or less pa-

rallel to the apical end of the hind tibia (apart

from the apical ridge) (Batten 1980, Ermisch

1969).

Dimensions in millimeters of holotype and al-

lotype respectively: Length without pygidium 4.1

(4.5), length of elytra 2.6 (2.9), width of elytra

105

together 1.0 (1.2), pygidium 1.6 (1.1) and hyp-

opygium 0.5 (0.3).

General shape elongate, sides convexly atten-

uated posteriorly. Integument black. Pubescence

black with a reddish hue.

Head w/l 1.5. Finely punctate, hind margin

slightly convex, maxillary palp of male (fig. 1);

the same of female with anterior segment broadly

scalene, innerside rounded in middle. Eye finely

granulated, hairy, no temporal margin. Antenna

length ratio segment 1-5: 10.10.7.10.11 (fig. 2);

segment 5-10 1/w in male 1.7, in female 1.1.

Pronotum w/l 1.3, broadest in front of base,

anterior lobe protruding, basal lobe prominent,

lateral border in dorsal view convex, in lateral view

moderately so, basal angles oblique with a rounded

edge; punctures shallowly impressed. Scutellum

triangular with a rounded point.

Elytra l/w in male 2.6, in female 2.4; sides

slightly convex, attenuated from shoulders to apex;

apices separately rounded, punctures slightly as-

perate, pubescence covering integument. Pygidium

slender and conical, py/hy in male 3.2, in female

3.3. Legs in male with fore tibia almost straight,

without a fringe of hairs; apex of penultimate tar-

sal segment of fore and middle legs straight, middle

tibia shorter than tarsus, hind tibia with two ridges

parallel to the apical one. Ridges 2.2.1.0. Spurs

yellow, length ratio 1.3; length ratio of tarsal seg-

ments: anterior 2112411015; middle

35.22.16.10.15, posterior 55.40.20.15. Parameres,

apex of penis and phallobase, see figs. 3-5.

106 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 1-5. Mordellistena leveyi spec. nov. — 1, maxillary palp;

2, antennal segments 1-5; 3, parameters; 4, apex of penis;

5, apex of phallobase. Figs. 6-8. Calyce sumatrensis spec. nov. — 6, maxillary palp; 7, left temporal margin and eye

in lateral view; 8, hind tibia with ridges. Scale bar. Figs. 1-7: 0.1 mm, fig. 8: 0.25 mm.

Discussion. — This new species is the second

entirely black species in the Mordellistena gemel-

lata-group with two yellow or yellowish red spurs

on the hind tibia. M. lindbergi Ermisch (1963)

differs from M. leveyi by the antenna with seg-

ments 5-10 almost square in the male (square in

female); by a broader pygidium (py/hy 2).

Etymology. - Named after its collector, Mr. B.

Levey.

Calyce sumatrensis spec. nov.

(figs. 6-8)

Holotype female: North Sumatra, Dolok Merangir, De-

cember 1969, 1050 m, leg. E. Diehl (in RMNH, ex coll.

K. Wellschmied).

Description. - Dimensions of holotype: Length

without pygidium 4.1 mm, length of elytra 2.9 mm,

width of elytra together 1.2 mm, pygidium 0.7 mm,

hypopygium 0.5 mm.

General shape broad. Integument of elytra yel-

BATTEN:

lowish brown, darkening posteriorly; head with

mouth parts, palps, antennal segments 1-3 and legs

yellowish red; pronotum, metasternum, metacoxa

and antennal segments 4-11 dark brown. Pubes-

cence yellow.

Head w/l 1.5, finely punctate, hind margin con-

vex, maxillary palp club-shaped, apex cup-shaped

(fig. 6). Eye finely granulated without hairs, tem-

poral margin very broad, anteriorly ending

abruptly (fig. 7). Antenna length ratio of segments

1-5: 10.10.10.11.9, segment 5-10 serrate l/w 1.25,

segment 11 elongate to oval.

Pronotum w/l 1.8, broadest just before base,

anterior lobe protruding, basal lobe slightly prom-

inent, lateral border convex in dorsal view,

abruptly narrowing apically, in lateral view slightly

convex (almost straight), basal angles oblique with

rounded edge, punctures shallowly impressed. Scu-

tellum triangular with a rounded tip.

Elytra 1/w 2.4, sides almost straight, slightly

attenuated in the posterior quarter, both apices

rounded, punctures slightly asperate; pubescence

thin, integument still visible. Pygidium abruptly

conical from middle to apex, py/hy 1.4. Legs

straight, apex of penultimate tarsal segment of fore

and middle legs deeply excised, middle tibia shorter

than tarsus, hind tibia with two longitudinal ridges

parallel to the tibia (fig. 8); ridges 2.2.1.0; tibia with

two yellow spurs almost equal in length (ca. 0.3

mm). Length ratio of tarsal segments: anterior

20.10.7.5.11, middle absent, posterior 50.23.14.20.

Discussion. - This new species has a very broad

temporal margin in a right angle, abruptly ending

at the eye, which is a generic character of Calyce.

According to Ermisch (1949-1950) the genus

Calyce is found in the tropical and subtropical re-

gions of America and Africa. C. sumatrensis is the

first species of this genus from Asia. It can imme-

diately be distinguished by the presence of two

instead of five or more ridges on the hind tibia (cf.

Ermisch 1943).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am very grateful to Mr. B. Levey and Mr. K. Well-

schmied for making this material available for

study, to Mr. B. Brugge (Zoölogisch Museum Am-

sterdam) for material from Java and Sumatra and

to Mr. J. Krikken for valuable advise.

REFERENCES

Batten, R., 1980. Notes on the Mordellistena gemellata

group (Coleoptera, Mordellidae). - Entomologische

Berichten, Amsterdam 40: 41-45.

Ermisch, K., 1943. Die Gattung Calyce Champ. (Mor-

Mordellidae from Kashmir and Sumatra 107

dell.) nebst Beschreibung vier neuer Arten. - Entomo-

logische Blätter 39: 53-60.

Ermisch, K., 1949-1950. Gattungen der Mordelliden der

Welt. - Entomologische Blatter 45-46: 34-92.

Ermisch, K., 1963. Die Mordelliden der Insel Cypern

(Coleoptera, Heteromera, Mordellidae). — Notulae

Entomologicae 43: 49-67.

Ermisch, K., 1969. Familia Merdellidae. - Die Kafer

Mitteleuropas 8: 160-196.

Received: 19 July 1988

Accepted: 30 December 1988

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FUMASTACIDAE (ORTHOPTERA) FROM THE PROJECT

WALLACE EXPEDITION TO SULAWESI (INDONESIA)

R. K. BUTLIN, R. E. BLACKITH & R. M. BLACKITH

ABSTRACT

Butlin, R. K., R. E. Blackith & R. M. Blackith, 1989. Eumastacidae (Orthoptera) from the

Project Wallace Expedition to Sulawesi {Indonesia). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132:

109—113, figs. 1-6, table 1. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July 1989.

All six eumastacid species found in or near the Dumoga-Bone National Park (North Sulawesi)

belong to the subfamily Mnesicleinae. Four species, in the genera Pseudomnesicles Descamps,

Karnydia C. Bolivar, and Samartella Descamps are new to science. The male of Karnydia

celebesica Ramme, hitherto known only from the female, is described. All the species are endemic

to Sulawesi, although Samariella is represented in the Philippines.

Key words. — Mnesicleinae; taxonomy; karyotype; ecology.

Dr. R. E. Blackith, Zoology Department, Trinity College, Dublin-2, Ireland.

INTRODUCTION

Wallace (1869) comments on the general paucity

of animal species on Sulawesi, and despite inten-

sive collecting, few individual eumastacids were

found. The finding of nymphs of Karnydia gract-

lipes Ramme feeding on Selaginella ferns and of

adult Psexdomnesicles species inhabiting the Gym-

nosperm Gretum L. was recorded by Blackith

(1987). Ramme (1940) described K. gracilipes

from N. Sulawesi (Minahassa) and C. Bolivar

(1930) described K. celebesica from the same re-

gion. Three species of Pseudomnesicles were pre-

viously described from Sulawesi; P. roseosignatus

(Brunner) from Toli-Toli in the north of the island

but some 350 km west of the Dumoga-Bone Na-

tional Park within which Project Wallace operated.

P. plagiator (Ramme) and P milleri (Ramme)

were both described from the south of the island.

All three form, as Ramme (1940) notes, a close-

knit group of species, and the similarity of their

male genitalia as figured by Descamps (1974a)

confirms this view; the terminalia are the means by

which most eumastacid species can be distin-

guished.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Nymphs and some adults were collected by

sweeping vegetation near the ground. Eumastacids

109

in rain forest appear to be mainly canopy dwellers

and collecting them involved reaching a fallen tree

within hours of the crash or picking up specimens

brought down from the canopy by fogging with an

insect-paralysing solution, organised by a team

from the British Museum (Natural History). Both

methods yielded meagre numbers of eumastacids.

One eumastacid was taken in a Malaise trap run by

the same team.

Abbreviation. — BMNH = British Museum

(Natural History).

RESULTS

Mnesicleinae

Pseudomnesicles rhodopeplus sp. n.

(fig. 1)

Holotype @: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Minahassa,

Toraut Forest, 13.1.1985 (BMNH fogging team)

(BMNH). Paratypes 1 8: same data, Malaise trap on R.

Toraut bank (BMNH fogging team) (Museum Bogorien-

sis). 2 9: same data, swept on forest floor. (Blackith)

(National Museum of Ireland; BMNH).

Virtually identical with P. roseosignatus

Brunner, except for the phallic complex, whose

dorsal view is shown in fig. 1 (cf. figs 47, 49 and 54

of Descamps (1974a) for the phallic complexes of

110 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

the other described species in this genus). The

shaft of the penis valves of P. rbodopeplus is at

least 4 times as long as in other species.

Dimensions. — Elytron length 11.0 mm; pro-

notum length 2.9 mm; hind femoral length 10.9

mm, width 2.8 mm.

Females almost indistinguishable from those of

P. roseosignatus figured by Ramme (1940) except

that the lateral processes of the trifid subgenital

plate extend as far back as the median one, whereas

in P. roseosignatus they are shorter.

Dimensions of female — elytron length 13.7

mm: pronotum length 4.1 mm; hind femoral

length 13.8 mm, width 3.4 mm.

A putative food-plant for this species (Gnetum

sp.) is noted by Blackith (1987). The name

rhodopeplus signifies bearing a roseate shroud.

The red flush at the base of the elytra, notable in

this genus, is much less marked on females in life.

Samariella aulaeiadventa sp. n.

(figs. 2-3)

Holotype &: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Toraut Forest,

13.11.1985 (BMNH fogging team) (BMNH).

Head as in fig. 2, distal 5 antennal segments

compressed, pubescent. Scape produced into boss

forwards, with clear patch at tip. Face rugged. Ely-

tra reaching genicular region of hind legs. Outer

dorsal margin of hind tibiae with ca. 18 strongly

unequal teeth; inner margin with ca. 18 more re-

gular teeth. These margins fuse into a wide (ca. 1

mm) tooth subequal to longest tibial teeth. Termi-

nalia as in fig. 3; phallic complex relatively unscle-

rotised, penis carried at right angles to body as in

S. bakeri Descamps (cf. Descamps 1974b, fig. 68).

Dimensions. — Elytron length 9 mm; pronotal

length 2 mm; hind femoral length 8 mm.

The name aulaeiadventa describes one who de-

scends from the canopy, originally of a Roman

theatre. The two species previously described in

this genus are both endemic to the Philippines.

The only specimen of S. bakeri known is a male

whose phallic complex differs from that of S. aw-

laeiadventa. The other species (viduata Descamps)

was described from a female. The vertex in

aulaeiadventa sets it apart from the other two

known species.

Karnydia celebesica C. Bolivar, 1930

(fig. 4)

The genus Karnydia, of which K. celebesica is

the type species, is endemic to Sulawesi. It was

described from a female, and since specific distinc-

tions depend mainly on the male terminalia we

include a description of the male.

Material studied. — 1 @: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara.

Gunung Muajat, 29.vii.1985 (BMNH fogging team)

(BMNH).

Fastigium truncated distally as in Bolivar’s de-

scription of the female. Antennae set well below

midpoint of eyes, almost as low as unpaired ocellus

(i.e. lower than in Ramme’s (Ramme 1940) figures

for K. gracilis Ramme). Antennal organ promin-

ent conical, projecting distally from 10th of 12

segments. Body fulvous, abdominal tergites 1—3

and 8— 10, scape, underside of fastigium and genae

in subocular region and teeth and dorsal carena of

hind femora fuscous. Fragae on hind femora weak.

Hind tibiae with 19 teeth (longest 0.15 mm) on

outer carena and 15 on inner (longest 0.7 mm).

Hind femora with 5 teeth on mid-dorsal carena.

Fore- and hind-tibiae clad with at least 50 golden

setae. Male terminalia as in fig. 4; subgenital plate

and its lateral lobes, seen from rear, enclosing

roughly equilateral triangle.

Dimensions. — Pronotum length 1.8 mm; hind

femoral length 10.5 mm, width 2.0 mm. Because no

material was taken zn copula we cannot be certain

that this male is K. celebesica, and even if a pair

were obtained identification of the female might be

ambiguous.

Karnydia monki sp. n.

(fig. 5)

Holotype 4: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Gunung Po-

niki “Ice Station Zebra”, 16.x.1985, (K. Monk) (BMNH).

Very similar to K. celebesica except for the ge-

nitalia, the more compressed and raised dorsal ca-

rena of the abdominal tergites, and the red flush on

the postero-lateral angle of the episternum, the

proximal half of the fore- and mid-femora, and on

the distal parts of the hind legs. First two flagellar

segments pale, remainder fuscous. Fragae on outer

flanks of hind femora more strongly developed

than in K. celebesica, dorsal carena of hind femora

with 7 teeth. Hind tibiae have 19 teeth on outer

carenae (longest 0.2 mm) and 5 on inner (longest

0.6 mm).

Terminalia as in fig. 5; the subgenital plate, seen

from the rear, forms a V-shaped slot or inverted

triangle quite distinct from that of K. celebesica.

Dimensions. — Pronotum length 2.3 mm; hind

femoral length 11.5 mm, width 1.9 mm.

Karnydia laticlava sp. n.

(fig. 6)

Holotype 4: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Gunung Mua-

BUTLIN, BLACKITH & BLACKITH: Eumastacidae 111

0 0.5mm

Figs. 1—6. — 1. Pseudomnesicles rhodopeplus sp.n. Holotype 8, dorsal view of phallic complex; 2. Samartella

aulaciadventa sp. n. Holotype 8, dorsal view of head; 3. Samariella aulaeiadventa sp. n. Holotype 6, dorsal view of

terminalia; 4. Karnydia celebesica C. Bolivar. Dorsal view of & terminalia; 5. Karnydia monki sp. n. Holotype g. Dorsal

view of terminalia; 6. Karnydia laticlava sp. n. Holotype @, dorsal view of terminalia.

Lowest scale bar for figs. 1, 4, 5 and 6.

112 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

jat, 4.viii.1985. (R. K. Butlin) (BMNH). Paratype 9:

Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Edwards’ Camp, 4.viii.1985

(R. K. Butlin) (National Museum of Ireland).

Similar to K. celebesica. Antennal organ excep-

tionally thick and prominent. Flagellar segments

dark brown, scape, pedicel, and proximal fifth of

first segment white. Integument translucent, ex-

cept for opaque yellow discs underlying basiconic

sensilla. Hind tibiae with 16 teeth (longest 0.8

mm) on inner carena, 17 teeth (longest 0.1 mm) on

outer carena. Terminalia as in fig. 6, subgenital

plate trifid with 2 hooked lateral process and ar-

row-head median process.

Dimensions. — Pronotum length 2.4 mm; hind

femoral length 10.2 mm, width 2.3 mm.

Female. As for male, but mouthparts, cerci, distal

parts of ovipositor valves, subgenital plate, and

legs livid green. Lateral carenae of pronotum pink,

underlined with fuscous. Hind femora with 11

teeth on dorsal carena, hind tibiae with 19 teeth

(longest 0.8 mm) on inner carena, and 19 teeth

(longest 0.2 mm) on outer carena.

Dimensions. — Pronotum length 2.8 mm; hind

femoral length 14.6 mm, width 2.3 mm.

The name /aticlava describes the broad, distally

spatulate, cerci of the male.

Karnydia gracilipes Ramme, 1940

Nymphs and adults were collected at two loca-

lities; Gunung Mogogonipa (altitude 1000 m) and

Gunung Ambang (altitude 1200 m). Both moun-

tains have abundant ground cover of mosses and

ferns. The species was taken from several ferns

including Cyathea spp. (Cyathaceae), Dennstaedtia

sp. (Dennstaedtiaceae), Nephrolepis sp. (Nephro-

lepidaceae) and a species of Athyrium or

Diplazium (Athyriaceae). It was also taken from an

angiosperm Elatostema sp. (Urticaceae). The role

of ferns in the nutrition of tropical grasshoppers

has been documented by Rowell et al. (1983). Pa-

latability tests of these tropical plants were con-

Table 1. Feeding preferences of Karnydia gracilipes

Plant species

Gunung Mogogonipa

Palatability*

Elatostema sp. 16

Cyathea sp. 1 8

Cyathea sp. 2 0

Dennstaedtia sp. 0

Nephrolepis sp. 9

ducted in the laboratory at Base Camp using 5

nymphs of K. gracilipes for each test, which lasted

for 24 hr.

The results are shown in table 1. Nymphs of K.

gracilipes evidently prefer Elatostema but also eat

several ferns, though not Dennstaedtia. This result

accords with feeding tests by Blackith and Blackith

(1966) on Australian eumastacid grasshoppers

(Morabinae). These are generalist feeders but con-

sume several ferns, as do K. gracilipes. Rowell et

al. tested the palatability of ferns of the genera

Dennstaedtia, Cyathea and Diplazium for the Co-

sta Rican eumastacid Homeomastax dentata (Saus-

sure). Interpretation of their results is complicated

by strong specific differences within plant genera.

Diplazium expansum being highly palatable whe-

reas D. aff. herbaceum was among the least pala-

table. Cyathea multiflora and Dennstaedtia

obtusifolia are also relatively unpalatable. These

authors note that even if the grasshoppers prefer

a diet of a single plant species, the structure of rain

forests makes general feeding almost obligatory.

CARYOTYPIC STUDIES

Although not all the species taken could be exa-

mined, testis squash preparations of two of them

were made. K. gracilipes proved to have a diploid

number of 21 (2n = 20 + X) which is common in

the Eumastacidae. There are ten pairs of acrocen-

tric chromosomes graded in size with a medium

sized X. K. /aticlava, however, proved to have 2n

= 19 (18 + X) including a very large autosomal

pair, probably by fusion of two of the larger auto-

somes of the closely related gracilipes. As is com-

mon in other eumastacid subfamilies, speciation in

these Mnesicleinae seems to be accompanied by

chromosomal rearrangements (White 1977).

DISCUSSION

Our findings support the view that only one

subfamily of the Eumastacidae has reached Su-

Locality

Gunung Ambang

Palatability

*) Palatability is defined as the percentage of the available leaf consumed by the eumastacids, out of approximately

20 sq. cm offered to batches of 5 nymphs.

BUTLIN, BLACKITH & BLACKITH:

lawesi. Speciation in this subfamily, the Mnesiclei-

nae, follows the pattern for the family of close-knit

genera, species within genera differing little except

in the male genitalia and, where investigated, in

the caryotype. As all 9 species known from Sula-

wesi are endemic, and only one of the 3 genera has

representatives elsewhere (on the nearby Philippi-

nes) little biogeographic information can be gle-

aned from Sulawesian eumastacids.

Altough collecting from rain forest canopies is

usually difficult, the small number of adults of spe-

cies other than K. gracilipes collected by members

of the expedition is striking, amounting to roughly

one specimen per person-month of collecting, even

when aided by fogging equipment rarely available

to collectors. As collecting was spread over most of

1985, seasonal effects are unlikely to be responsi-

ble. We are forced to the conclusion that eumasta-

cids occur at very low densities in these rain forests,

possibly partly because the great diversity of host

plants may mean that acceptable hosts are them-

selves thinly dispersed.

It is hardly surprising that, under conditions

favouring sibling mating for lack of much oppor-

tunity to meet unrelated individuals, speciation in

this group involves chromosomal rearrangements.

Sibling mating has been suggested (White 1977) as

a way of allowing such rearrangements to reach

homozygosity despite the often demonstrably un-

favourable effects on the heterozygote. Virtually all

eumastacid species whose caryotype has been inve-

stigated differ cytogenetically from one another.

With the discovery of two further species of

Karnydia a sequence of changes in the structure of

the male genitalia becomes apparent. This se-

quence runs through celebesica — monki — lati-

clava — gracilipes such that the postero-lateral

processes of the 9th tergite are reduced, tergite 10

becomes less sclerotised, and the postero-lateral

processes of the subgenital plate become elongated

and contorted. The terminalia as a whole become

broader and the cerci distally more strongly sclero-

tised and spatulate from celebesica to laticlava alt-

hough gracilipes has cerci comparable with those

of celebesica. So far as we can judge, the morpho-

logical contrast between celebesica and laticlava

corresponds to the fusion of two autosomes in the

caryotype.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful to all those concerned with Pro-

ject Wallace, particularly the support teams, and to

Dr. K. Monk and members of the British Museum

(Natural History) fogging team for permission to

examine their hard-won material. RKB acknowl-

Eumastacidae 118

edges with gratitude facilities and advice provided

by Prof. G. Hewitt and financial support from the

Percy Sladen Memorial Fund. This paper is based

on material collected whilst the authors were par-

ticipants in project Wallace, sponsored by the

Royal Entomological Society of London and the

Indonesian Institute of Science (Results of Project

Wallace no. 24).

REFERENCES

Blackith, R. E., 1987. Primitive Orthoptera and primitive

plants; 124—126. — In: Evolutionary Biology of Ort-

hopteroid Insects. Ed. B. M. Baccetti, Chichester, Ellis

Horwood.

Blackith, R. E. & Blackith, R. M., 1966. The food of

morabine grasshoppers. — Australian Journal of

Zoology 14: 877—889.

Bolivar, C., 1930. Monografia de los Eumastacidos. —

Trabajo del Museo national de Ciencias naturales, se-

rie zoologia, Madrid 46: 1—380.

Descamps, M., 1974a. Diagnoses et signalisations d’Eu-

mastacoidea (Orthoptera) II Indo-Malaisie. — Bulle-

tin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 3me

série, no. 237: 1033—1053.

Descamps, M., 1974b. Les Mnesicleines des Philippines

(Orthoptera, Eumastacoidea). — Bulletin du Muséum

d'Histoire naturelle. 3me série, no. 262: 1653—1996.

Ramme, W., 1940. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Acridien —

Fauna des indo — malayischen und benachbarter Ge-

biete (Orth.), mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der

Tiergeographie von Celebes. — Mitteilungen aus dem

Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 25: 1—243.

Rowell, C. H. F, Rowell-Rahier, M., Braker, H. E.,

Cooper-Driver, G. & Gomez, L. D. P., 1983. The pa-

latability of ferns and the ecology of two tropical forest

grasshoppers. — Biotropica 15: 207—216.

Wallace, A. R., 1869. The Malay archipelago: the land of

the orang-utan and the Bird of Paradise. — vol. I,

London, Macmillan.

White, M. J. D., 1977. Modes of speciation. — San Fran-

cisco, W. H. Freeman.

Received: 23 January1989

Accepted: 16 March 1989

114 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REVIEWS

Williams, D. J. & G. W. Watson, 1988. The scale insects

of the tropical South Pacific region. Part 1. The ar-

moured scale insects (Diaspididae). — CAB Interna-

tional Institute of Entomology, Wallingford: 1—290,

figs. [ISBN 0 85198 608 0 — Price including postage

in UK £ 26.95, in USA US $ 57.00, elsewhere

L 2995)

All armoured scales are sap-sucking insects and

many cause considerably damage to crops, damag-

ing fruit and reducing yields. Scale insects world-

wide number about 6,000 species, of which 2,000

are armoured scales.

This taxonomic account of the armoured scales

(Diaspididae) of the tropical South Pacific region

is the first of three parts planned for all the scale

insects (Coccoidea) of the area. Keys to 37 genera

and 124 species, including 38 new species, are pro-

vided, accompanied by detailed descriptions and

illustrations. The main purpose of the work is to

provide agricultural staff who are concerned with

pest control and quarantine inspection in the South

Pacific area with a reliable means of identification

of species. Non-specialists can also use it to identify

and study this destructive group. The area covered

is Melanesia and Polynesia, from Irian Jaya in the

west to Easter Island in the east, but Kiribati in

Micronesia is also included. The work provides a

record of the armoured scales of each territory and

of the islands within each territory; knowledge

essential for effective quarantine inspection and

for export of plant produce. Records are based on

material examined from the major world collec-

tions of Pacific scale insects and on the economic

literature. The work covers all the important pest

species of the area including Aspidiotus destructor

Signoret, Parlatoria cinerea Hadden, P. pergandii

Comstock and Unaspis citri (Comstock), and con-

cludes with a comprehensive list of the host-plants

and their associated armoured scales.

[From information of the publisher]

Williams, D. J. & G. W. Watson, 1988. The scale insects

of the tropical South Pacific. Part 2. The Mealybugs

(Pseudococcidae). — CAB International Institute of

Entomology, Wallingford: 1—261, figs. 1—95. [ISBN

0 85198 625 0 — Price including postage in UK £

22.95. in USA US $ 47.95, elsewhere £ 25.25].

The second of three parts planned for the scale

insects (Coccoidae) of the tropical South Pacific.

Keys to 37 genera and 92 species, including three

new genera and 28 new species, are provided with

detailed descriptions and illustrations. The work is

designed to provide agricultural staff with reliable

means of identification of species and to encourage

non-specialists to identify the group.

[From information of the publisher].

Brown, R. G. & I. D. Hodkinson, 1988. Taxonomy and

ecology of the jumping plant-lice of Panama (Homop-

tera: Psylloidea). — Entomonograph 9: 1—304, figs.

1—150, tables 1—3. [Published by E. J. Brill, Leiden

etc.; ISSN 0106—2808; ISBN 90 04 08893 8 — Price

136.00 Dutch guilders = appr. US $ 68.00].

The major aim of this study was to provide

accurate descriptions of all Panamian psyllid spe-

cies together with keys for their identification. The

Panamian fauna contains a majority of the known

Neotropical genera and this revision should there-

fore provide a more solid foundation for future

taxonomic and biological work on the South Amer-

ican fauna. A parallel set of aims was to examine

the evolution, host plant relationships, zoogeo-

graphy and seasonality of the Panamian psyllids.

[From the autors’ introduction].

A REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF ODONATA FROM NORTH

SULAWESI, INDONESIA

R. R. ASKEW, G. G. CLELAND, D. A. L. DAVIES & T. W. HARMAN

ABSTRACT

Askew, R. R., G. G. Cleland, D. A. L. Davies & T. W. Harman, 1989. A report on a collection

of Odonata from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 115-121, 1 fig.,

2 tables. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July 1989.

Odonata collected in the first quarter of 1985 by two participants in Project Wallace, the Royal

Entomological Society of London Expedition to Dumoga-Bone in North Sulawesi, are listed with

observations, and distribution of the species is discussed. The dragonfly fauna is principally

Oriental in affinities, but primary habitats harbour a high incidence of endemic taxa.

Key words. - Odonata; Sulawesi; Indonesia; Distribution.

Dr. R. R. Askew, Department of Environmental Biology, University of Manchester, Manches-

ter M13 9PL, UK.

INTRODUCTION

As a prelude to his description of Celebophlebia,

Lieftinck (1936) drew attention to the fact that up

to that time no general account of the Odonata of

Celebes (now Sulawesi) had been attempted. Al-

though he clearly stated that his intention was to

produce such a work, this task remained incom-

plete at his death in 1985. An opportunity to inves-

tigate the little-known odonate fauna of the north-

ern peninsula of Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara) was

afforded by Project Wallace, the Royal Entomolog-

ical Society of London — Indonesian Institute of

Sciences expedition in 1985. Two of us (Askew,

Harman) participated in Project Wallace in the

early months of 1985 and the material collected has

been examined by Cleland and Davies and is re-

ported upon here. Further recent collections, Lief-

tinck’s detailed notes and the bulk of the historical

material from Sulawesi are at Leiden Museum

where they are being worked on by Dr Jan van Tol

(1987a, 1987b). Additional relevant material is in

the Hope Collections (Oxford) and the British Mu-

seum of Natural History (London) and this, to-

gether with descriptions of new taxa collected on

Project Wallace, will be dealt with in future publi-

cations.

The expedition’s base camp was situated in the

Dumoga-Bone National Park at 0°33’527N,

115

123° 54’21”E, some 200 m south of the River (Sun-

gei) Toraut. Most observations were made within

2 km of base camp, a lowland area (alt. c 200 m)

that included a good diversity of dragonfly biotopes

in both the lowland primary rainforest to the north

of the Toraut and in the land cleared for agricultu-

ral purposes to the south. Records from Sulawesi

Utara from the region of Menado, Labuanagi (a

village on the north coast), Danau Mooat east of

Kotamobagu and Kolintang about 6 km north of

Malibagu on the south coast are also included, as

are a few from the islands of Sangir Besar (San-

gihe) (visited by Askew) and Ternate and Bacan

(Batjan) (visited by Harman), and from Maros in

south west Sulawesi north of Makassar (material in

Davies’ collection). Figure 1 illustrates the location

of collecting sites.

ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES

Taxa from the Toraut base camp area are num-

bered. Details of the three pond sites in this area

are as follows:

Riverine ponds. — Temporary rain pools at the

edge of the forest on the north bank of S. Toraut.

Base camp pond. — A small, clean pond of re-

cent formation about 5 square metres in area and

40 cm maximum depth almost surrounded by

116 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

SANGIR BESAR (|)

HALMAHERA 1)

Labuanagi TERNATE

Danau Mooat

0°

BACANS ©

SULAWESI

S. TUMPAH

Maros

S. TORAUT

Kitchen pond

0 Rs £ 5 i

400 metres È ee a — >

nt di Base Camp“.

Base camp pond *

Primary forest i

Roads & tracks -.---------- 3 Sq

Fig. 1. The principal collecting sites in Sulawesi and Halmahera, and a sketch of the Project Wallace base camp area

on Sungei Toraut.

bushy secondary vegetation but with few aquatic or CALOPTERYGIDAE

emergent plants.

Kitchen pond. — One of a series of pools in a Neurobasis kaupi kaupi Brauer (1)

linear, marshy depression with a slow through- Toraut, S. Tumpah and first tributary. Regularly

flow. Somewhat polluted by domestic effluent but observed through February and March on this fast-

supported fish. flowing river, a major tributary of S. Toraut. Males

ASKEW ET AL.:

make frequent sorties from their perches on rocks

in the river, their blue hindwings very conspicuous.

Only occasionally rest on vegetation. Females less

often seen, usually flying close to water margins.

Mostly observed where flow-rate of river reduced.

CHLOROCYPHIDAE

Libellago rufescens (Selys) subsp. nov. (2)

Toraut, S. Tumpah and first tributary. Males

seen frequently in February and March, perched

upon rocks in fast-flowing sections of the river.

Made brief sorties from perch to return after a few

seconds. Difficult to follow in flight against ripples.

No females noted.

L.r. rufescens (Selys)

S.W. Sulawesi, Maros. Two maies, one female of

the nominotypical form, collected 18.ix-9.x.1983,

in Davies’ collection.

L. xanthocyana (Selys) (3)

Toraut. Observed from 17.11.1985 through

March only at one place on S. Toraut where males

perched on rocks and jammed logs in the centre of

the broad river. Seventeen counted in an area of

about 4 square metres. No intersexual behaviour

observed but males display to one another, a flying

male hovering in front of and facing a perched

male; latter spreads wings and raises abdomen.

Only a few females seen, usually near the banks.

Rhinocypha monochroa Selys

S.W. Sulawesi, Maros. A pair in Davies’ collec-

tion, 18.ix - 9.x.1983.

R. frontalis Selys (4)

Toraut, small forest streams feeding S. Toraut

and S. Tumpah. Scarcest of the three Toraut chlo-

rocyphids and noted only on small streams where

males perched on bankside vegetation. Females not

seen.

R. tincta semitincta (Selys)

Bacan, Fort Bentang and Air Blanda. Three ma-

les, one female, 7,8.111.1985.

LESTIDAE

Lestes (Paralestes) praemorsus (Selys) (5)

Toraut, riverine pond. One male, 25.11.1985.

Odonata from North Sulawesi 117

COENAGRIONIDAE

Agriocnemis femina femina (Brauer) (6)

Toraut, Labuanagi, Bacan (also Java, Bogor).

Common at base camp pond from January to end

March and also a few on kitchen pond. In neglected

rice paddy at Labuanagi. Polymorphic with male

abdomen dorsally all black or with orange-red co-

louration on segments 8-10 and posterior third of 7

(numbers of captured specimens 7:4 respectively).

One example of an intermediate male form with

only segments 9+10 red also taken. Immature fe-

males had abdominal segments 1-6 lemon yellow,

7-10 black, whilst mature females had 1-6 bluish,

7 reddish and 8-10 ochreous blackish.

Argiocnemis rubescens Selys (7)

Toraut, base camp pond, two males in February

and one female in January. A second female taken

in the forest in March.

Ischnura senegalensis Rambur (8)

Toraut, kitchen pond (also Java, Bogor). Only

two of each sex taken.

Pseudagrion crocops Selys (9)

Toraut, Menado. At Toraut two of each sex were

collected at kitchen pond, base camp pond and in

the forest.

P. celebense Lieftinck (10)

Toraut, kitchen pond, single males on 26.ii and

6.111.1985. A female at Menado, 7.11.1985.

P. ustum Selys (11)

Toraut, one male at base camp 14.1.1985.

Ceriagrion sp. nov. Ì

Danau Mooat, one male 25.111.1985.

Ceriagrion sp. nov. 2

Bacan, Fort Bentang, a pair 8.iii.1985.

Teinobasis superba (Selys) (12)

Toraut, Ternate, Bacan. This species, with elon-

gated abdomen, was frequently seen flying, some-

times in tandem, in the lowland forest at Toraut.

It was usually in the vicinity of small forest streams

but often flew up to the canopy. Very variable in

size, two males from Toraut being very small but

otherwise resembling closely the rest of our mate-

rial.

T. helvola Lieftinck

One female in a coconut plantation near Dolo-

118 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

duo, about 8 km S.E. of base camp, 1.111.1985. One

male, Bacan, Fort Bentang, 8.111.1985.

ISOSTICTIDAE

Selysioneura sp. nov.?

Sulawesi Utara, Koluntang, one female

29.1.1985. Attributed to this genus with some un-

certainty. Most representatives of the family are

confined to Australia, New Guinea or small islands

off the N.E. Australian coast, but Se/ysioneura is

known previously from Halmahera.

PROTONEURIDAE

Nososticta flavipennis (Selys) (13)

Toraut. Two pairs taken in tandem flying in the

forest close to S. Toraut, 10.i. and 21.ii.1985. The

female of the latter pair was ovipositing in a pool

connected with a deep, still section of the river.

Nososticta sp. nov. 1 (14)

Toraut, forest edge. Two males, 20.1.1985.

Nososticta sp. nov. 2 (15)

Toraut, S. Tumpah, one male, i.1985.

PLATYSTICTIDAE

Identification of the following three species

pends publication of a revision of Sulawesi Platy-

stictidae by Dr J. van Tol.

Drepanosticta sp. 1 (16)

Toraut, forested W. bank of S. Tumpah, one

female 9.iii.1985. Probably conspecific with a male

and female taken at Kolintang (19.1. and ii.1985

respectively).

Drepanosticta sp. 2 (17)

Toraut, forest edge, one female, 8.1.1985.

Protosticta sp.

S. Tumpah, altitude 900 m. Two teneral males,

20.11.1985.

AESHNIDAE

Anaciaeschna jaspidea (Burmeister)

Doloduo, 8 km S.E. of base camp. One male at

light, 22.00 h, 20.11.1985.

Heliaeschna filostyla Martin (18)

S. Tumpah. One male flying slowly downstream

near confluence with first tributary, 15.iii.1985.

Shortly before his death, M. Lieftinck, in a personal

communication to one of us (Davies), suggested

that H. filostyla should be placed in a new genus.

This possibility will be dealt with in a future publi-

cation.

Gynacantha basiguttata Selys

Bacan, Air Blanda, one female, 7.iii.1985.

G. bayadera Selys (19)

Toraut. Forest near S. Tumpah, two females,

12.1.1985 and (at rest beneath palm frond)

27.11.1985. A large, dark dragonfly, seen several

times flying low and fast through the forest and

always evading capture, may have been the male of

this species.

G. penelope Ris

Bacan, Air Blanda and Fort Bentang, one male

and two females, 7,8.111.1985.

G. rosenbergi Brauer (20)

S. Tumpah, one male, i.1985.

An anactine species was seen flying out of reach

near the base camp pond on three occasions.

CORDULIIDAE

Hemicordulia assimilis Hagen in Selys

Bacan, Air Blanda. One female, 7.iii.1985.

Macromia irina Lieftinck (21)

S. Tumpah. Two males captured in March, one

at altitude 900 m and the other near confluence

with first tributary at low altitude (c. 280 m). Three

or four observed at latter site, hawking about 2 m

above a deep pool in the river but very evasive.

LIBELLULIDAE

Tetrathemis irregularis leptoptera (Selys) (22)

Toraut. Four males caught 21.ii.1985 at pool for-

med by inlet of river at forest edge, and others seen

subsequently at this place. One male by S. Tumpah,

10.1.1985.

Nannophya pygmaea Rambur (23)

Toraut, Danau Mooat, Labuanagi, Menado. At

Toraut observed only amongst marginal vegetation

of kitchen pond.

Cratilla lineata (Brauer) (24)

Toraut, base camp. One male, 7.1.1985.

ASKEW ET AL.:

Lyriothemis cleis Brauer (25)

Toraut, base camp. One male, 24.1.1985. Larvae

of this species develop in water-filled rot-holes and

a number were found in the forest adjacent to the

base camp (Kitching 1986).

Lathrecista asiatica (Fabricius) (26)

Toraut, base camp. A female (15.11) and a male

(5.iii.1985) taken.

Agrionoptera insignis quatuornotata Brauer

(27)

Toraut. Two males at pools in partly dried-up

forest stream, 18.ii and 2.iii.1985.

Nesoxenia mysis (Selys) subsp. nov.

Bacan, on coast 15 miles N.W. of Labula, one

female, 4.iii.1985.

Diplacina militaris Ris (28)

Toraut, Sangir. Only males found at Toraut, by

S. Tumpah and small forest streams.

Diplacina sp. nov. 1 (29)

Toraut. Two males and a female captured flying

along the course of a small forest stream, 26.ii and

2.111.1985. Another female observed ovipositing

unaccompanied. One male by S. Tumpah.

Diplacina sp. nov. 2 (30)

Toraut, base camp area. One male, 20.1.1985.

Diplacina sanguinolenta van Tol (31)

Toraut. One male in forest north of river,

12.111.1985. A distinctive Diplacina with abdominal

segments 2, 3 and most of 4 blood red, the rest

black. Recently described (van Tol 1987b) from

material accumulated by Lieftinck from a range of

localities in Sulawesi and Banggai Island.

Potamarcha congener (Rambur) (32)

Toraut. Common about base camp area, at ri-

verine ponds and base camp pond.

Orthetrum glaucum (Brauer) (33)

Toraut, Menado (Mt. Lokon). At Toraut one

male taken at riverine pond and a female on S.

Tumpah.

O. chrysis Selys (34)

Toraut. Males taken in February and March

mostly on the banks of S. Toraut but occasionally

penetrating a short distance into the forest. One

found devouring a large cyclorrhaphous fly.

Odonata from North Sulawesi 119

O. sabina (Drury) (35)

Toraut, Labuanagi, Danau Mooat, Menado (also

Java, Bogor). Common at Toraut hawking amongst

low vegetation on banks of S. Toraut, at mouth of

S. Tumpah and at the very edge of the forest.

Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur) (36)

Toraut, Labuanagi, Danau Mooat, Menado. The

most abundant anisopteran at Toraut, hawking low

over the ground on the base camp area and espe-

cially along paths. A female was observed oviposi-

ting unaccompanied in base camp pond.

Crocothemis servilia (Drury) (37)

Toraut. A single female in field of maize,

11.11.1985.

Neurothemis stigmatizans manadensis

(Boisduval) (38)

Toraut, Labuanagi, Danau Mooat, Menado, San-

gir. This conspicuous red-winged insect was com-

mon but with a very aggregated distribution in

rank secondary vegetation near standing water.

Males spent much time perching on vegetation,

often only 1-2 m apart. Abundant in rice paddies

at Labuanagi.

N. fluctuans (Fabricius) (39)

Toraut. Much scarcer than its congener above

and represented in our collections by just one of

each sex taken on the base camp area in March.

Neurothemis sp. nov. (40)

Toraut, Bacan. Allied to the above. Four females

captured, two on the base camp area, one by S.

Tumpah and one on Bacan (Fort Bentang), in Ja-

nuary, February and March.

Trithemis festiva (Rambur) (41)

Toraut. A female (22.1.1985) and a male

(6.111.1985) taken beside S. Toraut.

Zyxomma obtusum Albarda (42)

Toraut. Quite plentiful at kitchen pond and one

seen at riverine pond at forest edge, but difficult to

catch (only one male taken). It appeared about

18.00 h at kitchen pond where males established

territories along lengths (about 10 m) of pond

margin which they patrolled by flying back and

forth just a few centimetres above the water sur-

face. Their white colouration rendered them con-

spicuous in the fading light.

Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius) (43)

Toraut, Menado. Males common on kitchen

120 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

pond and one observed hovering 50 cm above an

ovipositing female. A female came to an electric

light at 21.00 h and another was found just in the

forest resting beneath a palm frond.

Tramea eurybia (Selys)

Ternate. Two males captured 2.iii.1985 at edge of

volcano crater at 1700 m altitude.

T. transmarina (Brauer) subsp. nov. (44)

Toraut. Single male, 27.1.1985, flying in sunshine

at base camp. Several specimens of a Tramea spe-

cies were seen flying above the road at Danau

Mooat.

Pantala flavescens (Fabricius) (45)

Toraut, Menado. Very common about base camp,

hawking in numbers at 2-4 m above the ground. A

male came to electric light about 22.00 h.

Celebothemis delecollei Ris (46)

Toraut. Both sexes found throughout March at

the pool in S. Tumpah by its confluence with first

tributary. Not observed elsewhere.

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGES AND HABITATS OF THE

TORAUT TAXA

Of the 46 taxa collected within about 2 km of the

Project Wallace base camp on S. Toraut, ten are

apparently undescribed, twelve are so far known

Table 1. Geographical distribution of species and sub-

species by families in the Toraut fauna.

> S

al fs G

5 ÿ +5 as

3 fe} LS

GETS OSE

Zygoptera

Calopterygidae 1 0 0 1

Chlorocyphidae 2(1) 0 0 3

Lestidae 0 1 0 1

Coenagrionidae 2 3 2 7

Protoneuridae 1(2) 0 0 3

Platystictidae (2) 0 0 2

Anisoptera

Aeshnidae 1 1 1 3

Corduliidae l 0 0 1

Libellulidae 4(5) 11 5 25

Totals 12(10) 16 8 46

Table 2. The distribution by habitats of taxa known

only from Sulawesi and of those with a broader distribu-

tion.

Ba SE

os 7 fas

ee AE ire}

gede) oa bed

ud oa i)

A € Na (ce)

Endemic & undescribed taxa 16 4 2

More widespread taxa 3 15 6

only from Sulawesi, 16 are found in the Oriental

region (in some cases in other zoogeographical

regions as well but not in the Australasian region)

and eight have ranges that include both the Orien-

tal and Australasian regions. Ranges of the taxa by

families are shown in table 1. Most of the Zygo-

ptera (11 of 17) are so far known only from Sula-

wesi, but the majority of Anisoptera (18 of 29)

have considerably broader ranges. The level of en-

demism in Sulawesi Odonata is high, but the fauna

includes many Libellulidae, the dominant family,

with a broad distribution in south-east Asia. There

are few indications of Australasian elements in the

odonate fauna. Only the single species of Isosticti-

dae, which was not found at Toraut, has a probable

Australasian derivation. The dragonfly fauna of

Sulawesi is therefore predominantly Oriental, a

conclusion reached also by van Tol (1987a), but

knowledge of dragonfly distribution is insuffi-

ciently complete to allow us to indicate narrower

geographical affinities. The existence of a small

Australian component is not at variance with the

suggestion that Sulawesi is a conglomerate of part

of an island arc of Oriental origin forming Sangir,

the northern peninsula (Sulawesi Utara) and we-

stern Sulawesi, and a mass including the eastern

and south-eastern peninsulas originating in the

Australasian region.

Habitats of the Toraut fauna may be classified as

primary (those in the rainforest and major rivers)

or secondary (those in clearly man-modified situ-

ations). The distribution of taxa between these two

habitat classes (table 2) shows that the endemic

taxa predominate in primary habitats whilst spe-

cies having a broad geographical range occur prin-

cipally in secondary habitats. Whilst this is what

would be expected, the data are influenced by the

absence of permanent ponds, suitable for colonisa-

tion by the more widespread Libellulidae, from the

forest area surveyed. Van Tol (1987a) similarly

found the Odonata of primary forest streams to be

nearly all endemic to Sulawesi. He lists (van Tol

1987a, 1987b) the following additional species

from Dumoga-Bone: Celebargiolestes cinctus (Se-

ASKEW ET AL: Odonata from North Sulawesi

lys) (Megapodagrionidae), ?Paragomphus capita-

tus (Martin) (Gomphidae) — found as larva only,

Nannophlebia aglaia Lieftinck (Libellulidae) and

Diplacina torrenticola van Tol which are all ende-

mic, plus Orthetrum pruinosum (Burmeister) (Li-

bellulidae).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Provision of a scientific investigations grant by

The Royal Society enabling Askew to participate in

Project Wallace is gratefully acknowledged. This

paper is based in part on material collected on

Project Wallace, sponsored by the Royal Entomo-

logical Society of London and the Indonesian Ins-

titute of Sciences (Results of Project Wallace No.

76). Colin Johnson (Manchester Museum), Steve

Judd and Dr Ian Wallace (Liverpool Museum; Na-

tional Museums and Galleries on Merseyside) allo-

wed Cleland access to collections and use of facili-

ties.

REFERENCES

Kitching, R. L., 1986. A dendrolimnetic dragonfly (Anis-

optera: Libellulidae) from Sulawesi. — Odonatologica

15: 203—209.

Lieftinck, M. A. 1936. A new genus and species of Libel-

lulidae from Celebes (Odon.). — Treubia 15:

399—403.

Van Tol, J., 1987a. The Odonata of Sulawesi (Celebes),

Indonesia: an introduction. — Advances in Odonato-

logy 3: 147—155.

Van Tol, J., 1987b. The Odonata of Sulawesi and adjacent

islands. Parts 1 and 2. — Zoologische Mededelingen,

Leiden 61: 155-176.

Received: 17 October 1988

Accepted: 29 November 1989

121

122 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

ANNOUNCEMENT

Fauna Malesiana Foundation

Fauna Malesiana: surveying one of the world's

richest faunas

Zoologists working on the fauna of the Indo-Aus-

tralian archipelago have long felt the need for a

coordinating research body, similar to the Flora

Malesiana Project in botany. Both the archipelago

and the adjacent continental regions possess a lar-

gely unexplored fauna of immense diversity, which

is of great scientific and economic interest to the

nations in the region and indeed the entire world.

Taxonomists, biogeographers and geologists have

lately produced many new, exciting ideas about the

evolution of life in the archipelago. Taxonomists

are also pressing ahead with in-depth studies of

animal and plant groups, frequently supported by

field work, nowadays facilitated by the enhanced

accessibility of poorly explored regions. Since 1980,

terrestrial and marine expeditions have contrib-

uted to the steep increase in our knowledge of

lesser known animal groups inhabiting the ar-

chipelago. Clearly, an increased understanding of

the composition of the fauna and flora will assist

resident policy makers and applied scientists in the

rational management of natural and man-made

ecosystems. The local scientific community, as well

as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and the general

public will no doubt profit from forthcoming re-

views of our present knowledge of the fauna. It is

proposed to publish such reviews under the com-

prehensive title Fauna Malesiana.

Fauna Malesiana Foundation: starting a new or-

ganization

To coordinate and expand the continuing survey of

the fauna of the Indo-Australian archipelago a

foundation has recently been established, the

Fauna Malesiana Foundation, based in Leiden, The

Netherlands. This new organization will be ad-

vised by scientists from various countries, includ-

ing those situated in the region. The Foundation is

currently seeking financial support for several pro-

jects, one being the establishment of a Fauna Male-

siana Bureau. The Bureau will produce a Fauna

Malesiana Bulletin (in a format similar to the Flora

Malesiana Bulletin) and serve as the administrative

centre for the Foundation’s various activities.

Another important project is the production of a

new series of publications, the Fauna Malesiana.

This series is envisaged to comprise handbooks for

the identification of animal groups as well as other

documents relating to the fauna of the archipelago.

The permanent address of the Foundation is:

Fauna Malesiana Foundation, PO.Box 9517,

2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

THE SULAWESI GENUS BRACHYLOBOPYGA (HOMOPTERA:

CICADIDAE)

J. P. DUFFELS

ABSTRACT

Duffels, J. P., 1989. The Sulawesi genus Brachylobopyga (Homoptera: Cicadidae). — Tijd-

schrift voor Entomologie 132 (1): 123—127, figs. 1-8. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July 1989.

The discovery of the new cicada species Brachylobopyga montana and the alleged synonymy

of B. decorata Duffels, the type species of the genus, to Cicada toradja Breddin prompted a

reconsideration of the genus Brachylobopyga. The distribution of this genus is compared with

the pattern of endemism displayed by its supposed sister genus Dilobopyga.

Key words. — Cicadidae; Brachylobopyga; key; Indonesia; biogeography.

Dr. J. P. Duffels, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum), Universiteit

van Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

The genus Brachylobopyga was erected for a new

species, B. decorata, from Sulawesi (Duffels 1982).

This species was described from Bua Kraeng (1650

m), a mountain peak NW of Gunung Lompobat-

tang in an isolated massif in the southwestern arm

of Sulawesi. Another species of this genus, already

mentioned by Duffels (1986), was recently col-

lected at high altitudes (1600-1900 m) in Central

Sulawesi. This new species is described here as

Brachylobopyga montana.

In connection with my current studies of Su-

lawesi cicadas, I have scrutinized again the species

with uncertain systematic position described by

Breddin (1901). This led to the conclusion that

Brachylobopyga decorata is identical to Cicada to-

radja Breddin, 1901.

TAXONOMY

Brachylobopyga Duffels

Brachylobopyga Duffels, 1982: 156; Duffels 1986:

320—322.

Type species: Brachylobopyga decorata Duffels, 1982 (=

Brachylobopyga toradja (Breddin, 1901)).

The genus was characterized (Duffels 1982) by

a long, strongly chitinized, apically flattened aedea-

gus and a narrow pygofer with parallel lateral sides

and, apically truncate, lateral processes. B. montana

is attributed to Brachylobopyga because of the very

123

similar structure of the aedeagus, though the py-

gofer of this species is widest across the middle (fig.

2) and has short, apically rounded, lateral processes

(fig. 3). B. montana also differs from B. toradja in

the relatively shorter basal pygofer lobes and in

colouration and black body marking. The male

opercula are very alike, viz., very long and narrow-

ing to the apices.

The discovery of the new species of Brachy-

lobopyga shows that the long, strongly chitinized,

apically flattened aedeagus remains a synapo-

morphy for Brachylobopyga, but the short and

rounded lateral process of the pygofer makes less

certain that Brachylobopyga is the sister genus of

Dilobopyga (cf. cladogram of the subtribe Cosmo-

psaltriaria in Duffels 1986: fig. 2).

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BRACHYLOBOPYGA

Underside of postclypeus with small, median,

black-brown spot at one third from anterior

margin. Ground colour of male abdomen and

timbal covering yellowish brown. Pygofer with

truncate lateral lobes, long basal lobes and pa-

rallel lateral sides (Duffels 1982: figs. 4 & 5).

Clasper long, reaching to halfway the length of

the pygofer, and narrowing to its apex (Duffels,

1982: figs. 4 & 7). Body length @: 25.7—30.2

124 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

— Underside of postclypeus with fairly broad, me-

dian fascia. Ground colour of male abdomen

castaneous brown; timbal covering black-

brown. Pygofer with rounded lateral lobes,

short basal lobes and widest across the middle

(figs. 2 & 3). Clasper short, shaped as in fig. 4.

Body length 8: 30—34.5 mm........ montana

Brachylobopyga toradja (Breddin, 1901)

comb. n.

Cicada toradja Breddin, 1901: 109—111.

Cosmopsaltria toradja, Sharp 1903: 279.

Cicada (?) toradja, Distant 1906: 41; Distant 1912: 31.

Tibicen toradja, Kato 1956: 80; Duffels & van der Laan

1985: 78.

Tibicen toradjus, Metcalf 1963: 320.

Brachylobopyga decorata Duffels, 1982: 156—159, figs.

1—8 (syn. n.).

Synonymy. — Breddin described Cicada toradja

from South Celebes (= Sulawesi Selatan): “Wawo-

karaeng, 5000 Fuss, Febr. (Fruhst.)”. The descrip-

tion was probably made from one male specimen

only, since measurements are given for one speci-

men. The type should be in the “Institut fiir Pflan-

zenschutzforschung der Akademie der Landwirt-

schaftswissenschaften der DDR” in Eberswalde,

like the types of all cicadas described in Breddin’s

1901 publication. Unfortunately, the type could not

be located in the Eberswalde collection (pers.

comm. Dr. G. Petersen, 1.vii.1985). This was not

unexpected since the type was not listed in Gaedic-

ke's catalogue of type specimens in the collection

of this institute (1971). Earlier study of two other

cicada types of Breddin revealed that the original

identification labels of Breddin were removed

while new labels with identifications of A. Jacobi

were added (Duffels 1977: 144, 147). This may

have happened also to the type of Cicada toradja.

Breddin’s description of this species perfectly fits

Brachylobopyga decorata especially in the marking

of the body and the characteristic shape of opercu-

lum and pygofer lobes. Locality, altitude, month of

collecting and collector of Breddin’s type of C. to-

radja are identical to those of the type-series of B.

decorata, of which all specimens have identical

labels. It is obvious that these specimens and Bred-

din's specimen of C. toradja are part of the same

series. Breddin (1901: 3) mentioned that he studied

a part [sic !] of the Hemiptera collections made by

H. Fruhstorfer in Minahassa and South Celebes in

1895 — 1896. The considerations given so far lead

to the conclusion that Brachylobopyga decorata is

a junior synonym of Cicada toradja.

Description. — For an extensive description of

this species the reader is referred to the original

descriptions of C. toradja and B. decorata.

Distribution. — Bua Kraeng (= Wawokaraeng),

a mountain peak in an isolated massif in South-

West Sulawesi, SE of Ujung Pandang.

Brachylobopyga montana sp. n.

(figs. 1—8)

Description. Ground colour of head and thorax

light ochraceous, in some specimens with a green-

ish tinge. Ground colour of abdomen brownish.

Head. — Male: Supra-antennal plates for the

greater part black. Vertex with large, round, black

spot enclosing ocelli and reaching from fronto-

clypeal suture to, or nearly to, anterior pronotum

margin, a pair of fairly large triangular spots next

to median spot and a pair of small, oval spots

medio-proximally of eyes. Anterior part of postcly-

peus black, this black part encloses a round, pale

ochraceous spot at anterior postclypeus margin and

continues on underside of postclypeus in a black

median fascia, which is anteriorly as wide as ante-

rior ochraceous spot and narrows strongly to cly-

peal suture. Anteclypeus with, sometimes faint,

brown, median spots at mid-length. Medial margin

of mandibular plate black along anteclypeus. Ro-

strum ochraceous, its dark brown apex just re-

aching trochanter of hind legs.

Female: As in male but spots next to median

spot considerably smaller.

Pronotum. — Male: Markings black. Central fas-

ciae either very narrow or extremely thin or lacking

in the middle, anteriorly strongly widened into

black line along pronotum margin, posterior ends

semicircular. Black lines lie above proximal ends of

anterior oblique fissures. Two pairs of black marks

between both pairs of oblique fissures are broadly

connected with black anterior oblique fissures. Po-

sterior oblique fissures and lateral part of ambient

fissure filled with broad, irregular, black fasciae.

Pronotum collar with weakly developed, very ob-

tuse, latero-distal tooth and a very indistinct, brow-

nish spot on latero-proximal corner.

Female: As in male but spots between oblique

fissures smaller and black colouration of fissures

much narrower.

Mesonotum. — Male: Fasciae black. Median fas-

cia narrow anteriorly, widening to 4—5 times its

anterior width at 3/5 its length and narrowing

again towards cruciform elevation. Paramedian

fasciae converge slightly from anterior mesonotum

margin to half the length of mesonotum disk; they

are anteriorly as broad as anterior part of median

fascia but widen considerably toward their poste-

rior ends. A pair of fairly large spots is situated in

front of anterior angles of cruciform elevation.

DUFFELS:

Areas between median and paramedian fasciae

chocolate brown. Lateral fasciae broad with some

irregular black spots next to its anterior part; fas-

ciae embedded in chocolate brown. Cruciform ele-

vation yellow ochraceous, apices of its anterior

arms black.

Female: Marking less developed. Anterior half

of lateral fasciae clouded with brown.

Legs. — Light brown. Fore femur with a black

line along its underridge, which connects a proxi-

mal, fairly long, appressed, dark spine and a shor-

ter, more distally placed, erect, dark spine. Upper-

sides and innersides of femora with longitudinal,

brown lines. Underside of fore tibia and its distal

end all around dark brown; middle tibia dark brown

apically. Tarsi of fore and middle legs blackish

brown.

Tegmina and wings. — Hyaline. Venation of

tegmen light brown variegated with brown-black

parts, and turning brown-black apically. Venation

of wing dark brown. Tegmina with fairly broad

infuscations at bases of 2nd and 3rd apical areas;

two paratypes also very lightly infuscated at apices

of veins of 2nd, 3rd (and áth) apical areas.

Operculum. — Male (fig. 7): Castaneous and

long, reaching posterior margin of sixth abdominal

segment. Surface of operculum fairly convex and

rugose. Operculum at its widest close to its base and

tapering to fairly narrow and rounded apex. Medial

margin nearly straight but very slightly concave at

two thirds of its length in holotype and one para-

type. Lateral margin weakly convex.

Female (fig. 8): Light brown, just reaching po-

sterior margin of abdominal segment 2. Latero-

proximal corner black. Lateral margin basally sinu-

ate. Latero-distal angle rounded. Posterior margin

almost straight, but slightly curved toward mera-

canthus.

Abdomen. — Male: Ground colour castaneous

brown. Timbal coverings blackish brown (fig. 6).

Segment 2 with more or less distinct, blackish

brown, middorsal triangle at anterior margin. An-

terior and posterior margins of segments 2 and 7

dorsally dark brown. Segments 3—6 with a pair of

sublateral dark spots at half the segment’s height.

Distal half of segment 7 ochraceous. Ventral side

of abdomen castaneous, posterior margins of seg-

ments 3—5 somewhat darker brown.

Female: Brownish with scattered pilosity on dor-

sal surface. Posterior margin of segment 2 black.

Segments 2—4 with black transverse marks at po-

sterior margins and similar but smaller marks on

segments 5—7. Segments 4—7 with sublateral,

round black spots. Segment 9 with two paramedian

obconical black marks.

Brachylobopyga 125

Fig. 1. Brachylobopyga montana, holotype.

Male genitalia. — Lateral processes of pygofer

short and apically rounded (fig. 3). Cup of pygofer

formed by the basal lobes U-shaped; basal pygofer

lobes distinctly shorter than in B. toradja (fig. 2).

Clasper with apical and subapical hooks, both di-

rected laterad (fig. 4). Aedeagus chitinized, very

long and strongly curved, apex flattened and poin-

ted (figs. 3 & 5).

Measurements. — Body length & 30—34.5 mm,

Q 25.0 mm; head width & 9.5—10.0 mm, Q 9.1

mm; pronotum width ¢ 9.7—10.7 mm, 2 9.6 mm;

mesonotum width ¢ 8.7—9.2 mm, 9 8.5 mm; teg-

men length & 40.6—42.0 mm, 9 40.0 mm.

Holotype, 8, “Indonesia, Sulawesi Tengah / Lore

Lindu N.P.”, “10 km SE Poloka / 1900 m, 25.iii.1985 / J.

P.& M.J. Duffels”, “Stat. 55 / Disturbed lower / montane

forest ML-light, canopy’. Paratypes, Indonesia, Sulawesi

126 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 2—8. Brachylobopyga montana. — 2, pygofer in ventral view, holotype; 3, apical part of pygofer in lateral view,

holotype; 4, right clasper in lateral view, holotype; 5, apical part of aedeagus, paratype Puncak Dingin; 6, left timbal

covering, paratype Puncak Dingin; 7, male abdomen with operculum in ventro-lateral view, holotype; 8, female

operculum in ventro-lateral view, paratype.

Tengah: 1 &, same data as holotype; 1 6, Lore Lindu N.P.,

Rano Rano, 1600 m, 10 km NE of Gimpu, 15.iii.1985, J.

P. & M. J. Duffels, stat. 43, Lower montane forest, ML-

light; Puncak Dingin, ca. 1700 m, 15.x.1985, S. Nagai leg.,

1 9, same data but 21.x.1985, 1 @.

Other material (freshly emerged, not fully coloured

and somewhat crushed): Puncak Dingin, ca. 1700 m,

15.x.1985, S. Nagai leg., 1 @, same data but 21.x.1985, 1

8, 15.xi.1985, 1 &. The holotype and the paratype from

Rano Rano are deposited in the Instituut voor Taxonomi-

sche Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum), Amsterdam; the

other paratype from Poloka is in the Museum Zoologi-

cum Bogoriense, Bogor; the material from Puncak Din-

gin is in the collection of Dr. M. Hayashi, Urawa, Japan.

Distribution. — The species is recorded from

lower montane forest in Sulawesi Tengah. Rano

DUFFELS:

Rano (1600 m) is situated in the mountain range

east of the valley of Salo Palu, 85 km South of Palu

and 10 km E of Gimpu. Poloka (1900 m) is situated

along the road from Palu to Sedeo, about 65 km SE

of Palu. This is very close to, or perhaps about the

same locality as, Puncak Dingin (ca. 1700 m),

which is on the southern slope of Mt. Roreka-

ofimbu (M. Hayashi, pers. comm.).

BIOGEOGRAPHY

The supposed sister genus of Brachylobopyga is

Dilobopyga, which is distributed in Sulawesi inclu-

ding Muna and Buton (with 30 species), Sangihe Is.

(1 species), Selayar (1), Banggai archipelago (2),

Sula Is. (1) and South Maluku (1) (Duffels 1986, in

press). Up to now, only ten out of these 36 species

of Dilobopyga have been described. Species of

Dilobopyga are found from sea-level to 1600 m

mainly in rainforest habitats, though some species

are found in other vegetation types and gardens.

Preliminary phylogenetic studies of this genus

show that monophyletic groups are centred in

North and Central Sulawesi, inSW Sulawesi and in

East Sulawesi.

The two species of Brachylobopyga are found in

high altitude rainforest areas (1600—1900 m). B.

toradja seems to be restricted to the isolated moun-

tain massif of SW Sulawesi. From this area only

one endemic Dilobopyga species (D. margarethae

Duffels) and one widespread species (D. minahas-

sae (Distant)) have been recorded. B. montana is

found in Central Sulawesi, where several species of

Dilobopyga and one or two monophyletic species

groups of this genus have a very restricted distri-

bution.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am very much indebted to Ir. Syafii Manan

(Directorate General of Forest Protection and Na-

ture Conservation, Bogor) for permission to collect

in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi Tengah. lam

grateful to Mr. Rolex Lameauda and Mr. Julian

Sango (Lore Lindu National Park), to Mr. Frans

Mamarimbing and Mr. Boy Manopo (Hotel Vis-

cana, Palu), to our porters Jonathan, Kantoro and

Obed from the village of Gimpu and to my wife

Greet Duffels-van Egmond for their help in the

field. Dr. M. Hayashi (Saitama University, Urawa,

Japan) kindly sent me his material collected by Mr.S.

Nagai. I thank Mr. A. J. de Boer for criticizing the

manuscript of this paper, Mr. D. Langerak for the

preparation of fig. 1 and Mrs. Annelies Stoel for

typing the manuscript. The fieldwork was funded in

part by the Netherlands Foundation for the Advan-

cement of Tropical Research (WR 85—197).

Brachylobopyga 127

REFERENCES

Breddin, G., 1901. Die Hemipteren von Celebes. Ein

Beitrag zur Faunistik der Insel. — Abhandlungen der

Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle 24: 1—213,

pl 1.

Distant, W. L., 1906. A synonymic catalogue of Homo-

ptera. Part 1. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Mu-

seum, London.

Distant, W. L., 1912. Homoptera, Fam. Cicadidae, Sub-

fam. Cicadinae. — Genera Insectorum 142: 1—64, pls.

1—7.

Duffels, J. P., 1977. A revision of the genus Diceropyga

Stal (Homoptera, Cicadidae). — Monografieén van de

Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging 8: 1—227.

Duffels, J. P., 1982. Brachylobopyga decorata n. gen., n. sp.

from Sulawesi, a new taxon of the subtribe Cosmo-

psaltriaria (Homoptera, Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). —

Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 42:

156—160.

Duffels, J. P., 1986. Biogeography of Indo-Pacific Cicado-

idea: a tentative recognition of areas of endemism. —

Cladistics 2: 318—336.

Duffels, J. P., in press. Biogography of Sulawesi cicadas

(Homoptera: Cicadoidea). — Proceedings Sympo-

sium Royal entomological Society.

Duffels, J. P. & Laan, P. A. van der, 1985. Catalogue of the

Cicadoidea (Homoptera, Auchenorhyncha)

1956-1980. — Series Entomologica 34; i—xvi,

1—414.

Gaedicke, H., 1971. Katalog der in den Sammlungen des

ehemaligen Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes

aufbewahrten Typen-VI. — Beiträge zur Entomologie

21:35 339:

Kato, M., 1956. The biology of cicadas. Bulletin Cicadidae

Museum. Iwasaki Shoten, Jinbocho Kanda, Tokyo.

Metcalf, Z. P., 1963. General catalogue of the Homoptera

8. Part I Cicadidae, Section I Tibiceninae. North Ca-

rolina State College, Raleigh, N.C.

Sharp, D., 1903. XIII Insecta. — The Zoological Record

(1902) 39: 1—313.

Received: 20 February 1989

Accepted: 3 March 1989

128 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REVIEWS

Holmen, M., 1987. The aquatic Adephaga (Coleoptera) of

Fennoscandia and Denmark, I. Gyrinidae, Haliplidae,

Hygrobiidae and Noteridae. — Fauna Entomologica

Scandinavica 20: 1-168, 288 figs, 1 map. [ISBN 90 04

08185 2, E. J. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. Price 64

Dutch Guilders/US $ 32.— |.

This volume treats the northern European re-

presentatives of the small aquatic beetle families

mentioned in the title, which together with the

large Dytiscidae (the subject of a future volume)

and the non-European Amphizoidae, form the

aquatic Adephaga. Apart from the 36 species occur-

ring in Northern Europe, the volume treats 5 ad-

ditional species, so covering most of West and

Central Europe. Apart from extensive keys, the

book provides concise descriptions, with informa-

tion on distribution, biology and nomenclature.

Some general information on morphology, zoo-

geography and biology is provided with each fam-

ily. One colour plate illustrates the general aspect

of the genera treated. As in other volumes of the

series, the distribution over the provinces of the

four northern countries, is listed in a dot catalogue.

This book will be highly welcomed by workers

on aquatic beetles and aquatic ecologists, since no

recent reliable keys to these small, but difficult

families were available. Where previous keys al-

most all suffer from poor illustrations and absence

of detailed information on genitalia, this book is

very well illustrated with the use of a wealth of

diagnostic characters, including male and female

genitalia and stereoscan pictures of elytral sculp-

ture. The information on biology is also much more

extensive than one usually finds in identification

guides, and includes amongst others information

on larva and pupa. The author also indicates where

the description of the larva of each species can be

found.

One minor point of criticism is that the author,

while fixing lectotypes for various species, failes to

solve the nomenclatorial confusion around

Haliplus lineolatus Mannerheim, by designating a

lectotype, although he points out himself that this

ought to be done.

Mr Holmens publication is highly recom-

mended, and we can hardly wait to see the volume

on Dytiscidae.

[E. J. van Nieukerken]

Duffels, J. P., 1988. The Cicadas of the Fiji, Samoa and

Tonga Islands, their Taxonomy and Biogeography

(Homoptera, Cicadoidea) with a chapter on the geo-

logical history of the area by A. Ewart. — Entomono-

graph 10: 1—108, figs. 1—207 [E. J. Brill, Leiden, The

Netherlands. Price 56 Dutch Guilders = c.

US$ 28.00].

With this book the author continues his studies

on the cicadas of the oriental and australian region.

The adults of 24 (sub) species occurring in the Fiji,

Rotuma, Samoa and Tonga Islands are thoroughly

described and illustrated. Also descriptions of lar-

vae and exuviae, as far as known, and details on

behaviour and distribution are provided. The phy-

logenetic relationship of the species is extensively

discussed also in relation to other taxa of the

southwest Pacific. Biogeographic patterns are an-

alysed and compared with the geological history of

the area, which is described in a chapter by A.

Ewart.

This publication maintains the high standard as

was set by the author in his previous publications.

The descriptions are concise but fully adequate. I

also appreciate the illustrations. Habitats and liv-

ing insects are photographed, while diagnostic

characters are illustrated with line drawings. The

quality of the figures of the whole insects (without

their wings), prepared by J. Zaagman, is particu-

larly high.

This book is, of course, a must for the specialists

in this group of conspicuous Homoptera, but its

value for other zoologists working in the Pacific on

biogeography should also be stressed. It is a most

stimulating addition to our knowledge of this area.

[J. van Tol]

DIE GATTUNG POLEMIOSILIS PIC AUF SULAWESI

(COLEOPTERA, CANTHARIDAE)

(41. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-malaiischen Cantharidae)

von

W. WITTMER

ABSTRACT

Wittmer, W., 1989. Die Gattung Poleomiosilis Pic auf Sulawesi (Coleoptera, Cantharidae).

(41. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-malaiischen Cantharidae). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie

132: 129-134, figs. 1-13. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July 1989.

The species of Polemiosilis Pic occurring on Sulawesi are revised. Six species and one

subspecies are listed of which five species are described as new to science. Polemiosilis tes-

taceobasalis Pic is transferred to Gwineapolemius and Gwineapolemius tolianus (Pic) is syn-

onymized with P. testaceobasalis Pic.

Key words. — Cantharidae, Sulawesi.

Dr. W. Wittmer, Naturhistorisches Museum, CH-4001 Basel, Schweiz.

DIE GATTUNG POLEMIOSILIS PIC

Von dieser Gattung sind bisher zwei Arten von

Sulawesi beschrieben worden: P. rufosuta Pic, 1921

and P. testaceobasalis Pic, 1921, sowie P. saleie-

rensis Wittmer, 1973 von der Insel Saleier, die

zum Faunengebiet von Sulawesi gehört. Die Art

P. testaceobasalis Pic is zu streichen, sie wird in

die Gattung Guineapolemius versetzt, siehe letzten

Abschnitt.

Das reiche zur Verfügung stehende Material

verdanke ich Herrn Dr. Peter Hammond, London;

es stammt aus den Aufsammlungen des "Project

Wallace” (unterstützt durch die Royal Entomo-

logical Society of London und die Lembaga Ilmu

Pengetahuan Indonesia), und dasjenige welches

mir von Herrn Prof. Dr. Masataka Satö, Nagoya,

aus den Aufsammlungen von Herrn Shinji Nagai

zugestellt wurde. Beiden Herren danke isch be-

stens für die Zustellung des Materials. Des wei-

teren danke ich Herrn G. Hodebert, Paris, für die

sorgfältig ausgeführten Zeichnungen.

Verwendete Abkürzungen: BM = British Mu-

seum (Natural History), London; MP = Museum

National d’Histoire Naturel, Paris; NHMB = Na-

turhistorisches Museum, Basel.

Results of Project Wallace, no. 77.

SCHLÜSSEL

Die auf Sulawesi vorkommenden Arten der Gat-

tung Polemiosilis & lassen sich wie folgt unter-

scheiden:

1. Flügeldecken zum grössten Teil schwarz, höch-

stens an der Naht ein wenig aufgehellt.... 2

Flügeldecken zum grösten Teil gelbbraun, Ba-

sis verschwommen angedunkelt, Spitzen nicht

sehr breit schwarz, manchmal ist die basale

Verdunkelung längs der Seiten schmal mit den

Spitzen verbunden, oder die Basis der Flügel-

decken ist nicht angedunkelt und lediglich die

Seiten unter den Schultern sind schwach dun-

kein P. rufosuta ssp. saleierensis Wittmer

. Hälfte des letzten Sternits mit 1 oder 2 Dornen

oder Verlängerungen. Halsschild einfarbig

orange

Hälfte des letzten Sternits ohne Dornen oder

Verlängerungen. Halsschild dunkelbraun, nur

der Basal- und Vorderrand schmal oder die

basale Hälfte aufgehellt, selten ist der Hals-

schild einfarbig orange. Abb. 2

re u ona P. simplex n.sp.

. Hälfte des letzten Sternits mit 2 Dornen oder

Merlanserungene ep re RER

Hälfte des letzten Sternits mit nur 1 Dorn,

130 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Abb. 1, 3, 5: Kopulationsapparat halb seitlich von Polemiosilis &: 1, simplex n.sp. 3, rubidiceps n.sp. 5, hammondi

n.sp. — Abb. 2, 4, 6: Hälfte des letzten Sternits von Polemiosilis &: 2, simplex n.sp. 4, rubidiceps n.sp. 6, hammondi

n.sp. Massstab für Abb. 1-6.

Kopf einfarbig orange, nur neben den Augen

mehr oder weniger angedunkelt. Abb. 4 .....

RBE AAT AE P. rubidiceps n.sp.

4. Hälfte des letzten Sternits mit 2 ziem-

lich regelmässig geformten Dornen verse-

Lene: FUN TENTEN PY TEUGE Ri, 5

— Hälfte des letzten Sternits mit 1 Dorn und

einer Verlingerung versehen, die auch spitz

Sciare OR ele 6

5. Die beiden Dorne sind sehr kurz, der obere

überragt den äusseren Rand des Seitenteils

nichtodenkaum AbhAC RENE AA a

> RA eit pe tonnara) P. hammondi n.sp.

— Die beiden Dorne sind sehr lang, auch der

obere überragt den aüsseren Rand des Seiten-

taillé, Alan, OÙ ss re EU P rufosuta Pic

6. Der obere Dorn entspringt am Hinterrand des

Sternits und ist hakenartig gekriimmt, die Ver-

längerung darunter ist sehr breit und bildet

einenkspitzenmWinkel Ap blj

TRAE, SR NEO ENE SAIS P. nagati n.sp.

— Der obere Dorn entspringt neben der Mitte, er

ist nur leicht gekriimmt, die Verlängerung da-

runter ist breiter als der Dorn, Spitze gerundet.

Abba la. ee P. nanggalaensis n.sp.

Polemiosilis simplex sp.n.

(Abb. 1-2)

Holotypus: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara: Danau Mooat

near Kotamobagu, 1200 m, 16.-19.11.1985 und xi.1985,

plants by lake. (BM).

Paratypen: als Holotypus, 1 BM, 2 NHMB; Tondano

(Celebes), 1 4 NHMB.

Kopf schwarz, vor den Fiihlerwurzeln aufge-

hellt, selten ganz schwarz; Fühler schwarz, oder die

beiden Glieder und die Spitze des letzten Gliedes ist

leicht aufgehellt; Halsschild dunkelbraun, nur der

Basal- und Vorderrand schmal, oder die ganze ba-

sale Hälfte ist aufgehellt, selten ist der ganze Hals-

schild orange; Schildchen orange bis dunkelbraun;

Flügeldecken schwarz; Beine dunkel, bei dem Ex-

WITTMER:

emplar von Tondano mit orangenem Halsschild

sind alle Schenkel und Schienen orange, nur die

Knie leicht angedunkelt.

8. Kopf mit den Augen breiter als der Hals-

schild, Stirne leicht gewölbt, Basis bis zur Mitte der

Augen deutlich und dichter punktiert als weiter

vorne. Fühler ungefähr so lang wie die Flügeldec-

ken, von Glied 3 an platt, 3 bis 10 gegen die Spitze

verbreitert. Halsschild breiter als lang (47X38),

Seiten kurz vor der Mitte am breitesten, hier ge-

rundet, dann gegen die Basis schwach verengt, Ba-

salecken ein wenig vorstehend, schwach stumpf-

winklig; Scheibe mit 2 schwachen Beulen, die durch

eine feine Längslinie voneinander getrennt sind,

die besonders an der Basis gut sichtbar ist, Oberflä-

che fast glatt, feine Haarpunkte sichtbar (64X).

Flügeldecken parallel, körnig gewirkt, mit Spuren

von | bis 2 Langsrippen, zerstreute Punkte sicht-

bar. Hälfte des letzten Sternits Abb. 2. Dasselbe

fällt durch seine einfache Form auf, da Dorne oder

Fortsätze vollständig fehlen.

Kopulationsapparat Abb. 1 fast im Profil. Die

Seite des dorsalen Basalstücks ist leicht gerundet

vorgezogen, die Basophysen sind kürzer als das-

selbe, deren Spitze ist fast eckig, der Zahn darunter

liegt verhältnismässig weit vorne.

Länge: 7-8 mm.

Durch die einfache Form des letzten Sternits

sehr charakterisierte Art. Die dunkeln Exemplare

erinnern in der Färbung an P. obscuricolor Pic von

Borneo.

Polemiosilis rubidiceps sp.n.

(Abb. 3-4)

Holotypus: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga Bone

N.P., Hog’s Back’ Camp, lowland forest, 492 m, xi.-

x11.1985 (BM).

Paratypen: Als Holotypus, 10 BM, 9 NHMB; und:

“Clarke” Camp, lower montane forest, 1140 m, tit

v.1985, 6 BM, 4 NHMB; idem "Edward’s Camp”, lowland

forest, 664 m, x.1985, 6 BM, 6 NHMB; idem site 1, 200

m, New Base Camp site, 27.-28.1.1985, J. D. Holloway, 1

BM; site 2, 200 m, Toraut Bank, 29.-31.1.1985, J. D. Hol-

loway, 1 BM, 1 NHMB; sites 10 und 11, 664 m, Tumpah

Transect, 19.-25.ii.1985, J. D. Holloway, 4 BM, 3 NHMB;

idem G. Mogogonipa summit, 1008 m, v.1985, 1 BM, 1

NHMB, (all the material from Project Wallace expedi-

tion); Sampraga, 28.x.-5.xi.1985 und 17.vi.1986, S. Nagai,

3 coll. Masataka Satò, 3 NHMB.

Kopf rotorange, nur um die Augen schmal ge-

schwärzt, Maxillarpalpen dunkel, oder nur die

Spitze bis das ganze letzte Glied aufgehellt; Fühler

schwarz, Glieder 1 und 2 ein wenig aufgehellt,

letzte 2 bis 3 weisslich, manchmal auch die Spitze

Polemiosilis auf Sulawesi 131

des viertletzten; Halsschild, Schildchen und Beine

orange, alle Tarsen dunkel, meistens auch alle Knie

und oft die Tibien mehr oder weniger angedunkelt;

Flügeldecken schwarz.

8. Kopf mit den Augen breiter als der Hals-

schild, an der Basis mit deutlichen Haarpunkten,

weiter vorne fast glatt. Fühier kräftig, Glieder von

3 an platt, 3 bis 10 gegen die Spitze verbreitert.

Halsschild breiter als lang, Seiten gegen die Basis

schwach verengt; Scheibe mit 2 undeutlichen Beu-

len, die manchmal durch einen Längseindruck ge-

trennt sind, Oberfläche glatt, Haarpunkte zer-

streut, sehr fein punktiert. Flügeldecken praktisch

parallel, körnig gewirkt, mit Spuren von 1 bis 2

Längsrippen. Hälfte des letzten Sternits Abb. 4.

Kopulationsapparat Abb. 3 fast im Profil. Die

Seite des dorsalen Basalstiicks ist in einen fast drei-

eckigen Fortsatz ausgezogen, die Basophysen über-

ragen dasselbe ein wenig.

Länge: 8-9.5 mm.

Neben P rufosuta Pic zu stellen.

Polemiosilis hammondi sp.n.

(Abb. 5-6)

Holotypus: Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga Bone

N.P, “Hog's Back” Camp, lowland forest, 492 m, xi.-

x11.1985, (BM).

Paratypen: als Holotypus, 7 BM, 8 NHMB; und: idem

“Edward’s Camp”, lowland forest, 664 m, iv.1985, 1 BM,

| NHMB; “Clarke” Camp, lower montane forest, 1140 m,

iii. und v.1985, 1 BM, 1 NHMB; G. Mogogonipa, summit,

1008 m, v. und xi.1985, 1 BM, 1 NHMB; site 7 und 8,

Tumpah Transect, 540 m, 9.-11.11.1985 und 12.-13.11.1985,

J. D. Holloway, 1 BM, 1 NHMB (all the material from

Project Wallace expedition).

Firbung wie P. rubidiceps mit Ausnahme des

einfarbig schwarzen Kopfes, der höchstens am

Vorderkopf schwach aufgehellt ist; Fühler eben-

falls dunkler, indem die Glieder 1 und 2 ganz

schwarz sind; manchmal ist die Naht an den Flü-

geldecken schwach aufgehellt.

Sonst wie P. rubidiceps gebaut. Hälfte des letzten

Sternits Abb. 6.

Kopulationsapparat Abb. 5 fast im Profil. Die

Laterophysen erreichen den Rand des dorsalen Ba-

salstiicks nicht, die Seiten dieses sind breit, jedoch

nicht stark aufgebogen. Der seitliche Zahn auf der

Dorsalseite jeder Laterophyse ist fast ganz ver-

deckt.

Lange: 7.5-8.5 mm.

Meinem werten Kollegen Dr. Peter Hammond,

British Museum, London, gewidmet.

Neben P. rufosuta Pic zu stellen.

132 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Abb. 7-9: Polemiosilis rufosuta (Pic) 8: 7-8 Kopulationsapparat: 7, von der Ventralseite. 8, half seitlich. 9, Hälfte des

letzten Sternits. Massstab für Abb. 7-9.

Polemiosilis rufosuta Pic

(Abb. 7-9)

Polemiosilis rufosuta Pic, 1921: 26. — Wittmer 1957:

570, Abb. 7.

Der Holotypus befindet sich im MP mit Etikette

“Samanga, S Celebes, xi.1895, H. Fruhstorfer”. Für

die Abb. 9 des letzten Sternits (Hälfte) und des

Kopulationsapparates (Abb. 7-8) diente der Holo-

typus. Ich besitze weitere Exemplare von SW Ce-

lebes: Bonthain, ix.1938, J. P. A. Kalis und Banti-

im NHMB.

Weiterer Fundort: Sulawesi Tengah, near Mora-

wali, Ranu River area, 27.i.-20.iv.1980, M. J. D.

Brendell, 10 BM, 2 NHMB.

Für die Abbildungen 7-9 wurde 1 @ von Bont-

hain verwendet, das mit dem Holotypus von Sa-

manga (MP) übereinstimmt.

Die von mir (Wittmer 1957) veröffentlichte

Abb. 7 des Kopulationsapparates zeigt denselben

von der Dorsalseite und nicht wie angegeben von

der Ventralseite.

P. rufosuta ssp. saleierensis Wittmer stat.n.

Polemiosilis saleierensis Wittmer, 1973, Mitt. Schweiz.

Ent. Ges. 46: 191, Abb. 25.

Nachdem der Holotypus von P. rufosuta Pic auf-

gefunden wurde, und saleierensis hauptsächlich

durch die helle Färbung der Flügeldecken abweicht,

sehe ich mich veranlasst, die Tiere von der Insel

Saleier als Rasse von P. rufosuta Pic zu betrachten.

WITTMER:

Polemiosilis nagaii sp.n.

(Abb. 10-11)

Holotypus: Sulawesi, Peleng I: Luksag, ca. 300 m,

25.ii.-4.iii.1986, Shinji Nagai, in coll. Prof. M. Satô, Na-

goya.

Paratypen: Als Holotypus, in coll. Satô und NHMB.

Kopf einfarbig schwarz, Fühler ebenso, nur die

3 letzten Glieder sind weisslich; Halsschild und

Schildchen orange; Fihler und Beine schwarz, mit

Ausnahme der Schenkel, die an der Basis, manch-

mal bis über die Mitte orange sind.

8. Kopf mit den halbkugelförmigen Augen brei-

ter als der Halsschild, Stirne zwischen den Augen

flach, Oberfläche glatt, zerstreute Haarpunkte vor-

handen. Fühler um fast 1/5 länger als die Flügel-

decken, von Glied 3 an platt, Glieder 3 bis 10 gegen

die Spitze verbreitert, 10 so lang wie 4. Halsschild

breiter als lang (47X39); Seiten knapp vor der

Mitte am breitesten, nach vorne stärker gerundet

als gegen die Basis; Beulen auf der Scheibe nur

schwach entwickelt, ohne Längslinie, die sie trennt,

glatt, Haarpunkte kaum wahrnehmbar. Flügeldec-

ken parallel, fein körnig gewirkt, Längsrippen

kaum angedeutet. Hälfte des letzten Sternits Abb.

11. Der obere Dorn entspringt am Hinterrand des

letzten Sternits, er ist hakenartig nach aussen ge-

kriimmt, die Verlingerung darunter ist sehr breit

Polemiosilis auf Sulawesi 133

und bildet einen kurzen spitzwinkligen Vorsprung.

Kopulationsapparat Abb. 10 fast im Profil. Die

Seite des dorsalen Basalstücks ist in einen fast drei-

eckigen Fortsatz ausgezogen, ähnlich wie bei

rubidiceps und die Basophysen überragen ebenfalls

das dorsale Basalstück.

Q. Fühler ein wenig kürzer, nur ca. 10% länger

als die Flügeldecken, Augen ein wenig kleiner.

Länge: 7-8 mm.

Est freut mich, diese Art ihrem Entdecker Herrn

Shinji Nagai widmen zu dürfen.

Neben P. rubidiceps Wittmer zu stellen.

Polemiosilis nanggalaensis sp.n.

(Abb. 12-13)

Holotypus: S Celebes: Nanggala, Rantepao, 900 m,

v.1938, F. C. Drescher (ex. coll. Wittmer in NHMB).

6. In der Färbung mit P. rufosuta Pic übereins-

timmend, nur daß alle Schienen schwarz sind und

die helle Naht der Flügeldecken fehlt, letztere sind

einfarbig schwarz.

Kopf mit normal grossen Augen, Fühler und

Halsschild wie bei rzbidiceps. Hälfte des letzten

Sternits Abb. 13, dieselbe ist nach aussen in 2 Fort-

sätze ausgezogen, die obere ist schmäler, scharf

spitzig, die untere breiter mit stumpfer Spitze.

Abb. 10, 12: Kopulationsapparat halb seitlich von Polemiosilis &: 10, nagaii n.sp. 12, nanggalaensis n.sp. — Abb. 11,

13: Hälfte des letzten Sternits von Polemiosilis &: 11, nagati n.sp. 13, nanggalaensis n.sp. Massstab für Abb. 10-13.

134 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Kopulationsapparat Abb. 12. Das dorsale Bas-

alstiick ist in der Mitte besonders tief gespalten, die

Seiten sind sehr flach, nur wenig erhöht. Die Spit-

zen der Laterophysen erreichen den Apikalrand

des dorsalen Basalstücks nicht.

Länge: 8.5 mm.

Neben P rubidiceps Wittmer zu stellen.

Guineapolemius testaceobasalis (Pic) comb.n.

Polemiosilis testaceobasalis Pic, 1921: 26.

Guineapolemius tolianus Pic, 1921: 27, syn.n.

Bei G. tolianus (Pic) handelt es sich um eine

Farbvariation von G. testaceobasalis (Pic), so dass

tolianus in Synonymie verfällt. Beide Arten sind

von Toli Toli (N Celebes) beschrieben; die Typen

sind im MP.

LITERATUR

Pic, M., 1921. Nouveautés diverses. — Mélanges exotico-

entomologiques 33: 1—32.

Wittmer, W., 1957. 18. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-

malayischen Malacodermata (Col.) (2. Teil). — An-

nals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 10:

567—578, figs. 1—10.

Wittmer, W., 1973. 31. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-

malaiischen Cantharidae (Col.). — Mitteilungen der

Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 46:

175—194, figs. 1—32.

Received 30 March 1989

Accepted 11 April 1989

THE EGG LAYING AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF PHOLCUS

PHALANGIOIDES (FUESSLIN) (ARANEAE: PHOLCIDAE)

Ee Gee PLATE

ABSTRACT

Platel, Th. G. H., 1989. The egg laying and larval development of Pholcus phalangioides

(Fuessling) (Araneae: Pholcidae). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 135—147, figs. 1-

12, tabs. 1-4. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July 1989.

A description is given of the egg-laying of Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin). The posture

of the female, when laying eggs, differs from the resting posture. The eggs appear together

with a drop of clear liquid. For a short while the female is kneading this drop after which

it is suspended on a thread and spun. After having done so, she takes the egg-batch in her

chelicerae and retreats to her resting place. The egg-laying behaviour of Ph. phalangioides

is compared with that of Ph. opilionoides (Schrank) and Ph. muralicola Maughan & Fitch.

In captivity the eggs are laid between the end of April and the end of September. A well-

fed female lays her first eggs 10-14 days after the first mating. If she has copulated before,

the moment of egg-laying is determined by the availability of food. Sperm can be stored

by the female. Non-fertilized eggs are removed from the web by the female. The mean number

of eggs is 29.8 (7-63). The maximum number of egg-batches is 9. The mean duration of

the development until the emergence of the first young is 27.2 days. The duration is temperature-

dependent. The female does not hold her eggs continuously in her chelicerae during this

period. Ten to fifteen days before hatching the chorions break and the prelarvae are partially

visible. The female then starts to loosen the threads around the egg mass and helps the

spiderlings to get free. The emerging spiderlings are prenymphs. Their morphology and be-

haviour are described. The prenymphs moult after 7.9 days, dependent on the temperature.

Key words. — Pholcidae; reproduction; behaviour; development.

Th. G. H. Platel, Rozengaard 7, 5283 GD Boxtel, The Netherlands

INTRODUCTION

Since 1981 specimens of Pholcus phalangioides

(Fuesslin) were kept in captivity in order to study

their mating behaviour and other aspects of the

reproduction.

Hardly anything is known in the literature about

egg-laying of this species, although the description

of this phenomenon by Pholcus opilionoides by

Pokrowsky (1899) could refer to Ph. phalangioides.

Maughan (1978) gives a description of the egg

laying with Ph. muralicola (Maughan & Fitch).

As to the development of eggs and young, additions

can be given to the observations published so far.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The spiders were individually kept in glass cages

(20X15X20 cm) with a wooden lid with an op-

ening that can be closed and a larger one, gauze

covered, for air. The cages were placed in a room

135

on the south-side of my house. The room has par-

tially a flat roof and a large window. Thanks to

this the temperature in the room is strongly de-

pendent on the outdoor temperature. In summer-

time and in sunshine temperatures higher than

30 °C are reached. In cold weather conditions the

room is heated in the daytime but the temperature

is rarely higher than 18 °C and falls back to 10 °C

at night and in case of severe frost even to 5 °C.

The temperatures mentioned in this study were

calculated by means of the monthly survey of the

Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut

(Royal Dutch Meteorological Service) at De Bilt

(Province of Utrecht), averaging the day-temper-

atures from Beek (Province of Limburg) and De

Bilt.

The spiders were fed with Tipulid midges, Cal-

liphorid and Muscid flies, queens of the ant Lasius

niger about to take to the air and, in winter time,

136 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

with maggots or flies just emerged (Calliphoridae).

Unless stated otherwise, all specimens have

been captured at home as adults. Therefore, it was

not known if and how often these females already

laid eggs before. In the cages mainly females were

kept. The males that were put with the female

usually stayed with her until their death. Someti-

mes they were removed after mating.

RESULTS

Egg laying, a case study

The spiders kept in captivity, produced 32 egg-

batches, only two of them were produced in the

daytime. A description of my only complete obser-

vation is given here.

April 21, 1983, 14.45 h. The female hangs upside

down in her web. Some time before she starts

laying eggs, the abdomen is kept horizontally, but

the legs are flexed more strongly than in the nor-

mal posture. The tarsi of the corresponding legs

are held close to each other, legs I to the front, legs

II just above the sternum, legs III just above the

epigyne and legs IV more backwards. The tarsi of

the legs are all about 0.5 cm apart from the corre-

sponding one in the web.

The female jerks fiercely every now and then

with her whole body, alternating with a slow move

from left to right, by first tightening the left legs

and then the right ones, without shifting the leg

position. Again and again she moves her abdomen

up and to the front, so that the ventral skin be-

tween the epigastric fold and the spinnerets tou-

ches a thread kept between the tips of legs III. After

that the abdomen is brought back slowly into the

horizontal position. This movement strongly re-

sembles the movement the male makes while pro-

ducing a drop of sperm. All this behaviour of the

female is continuously interrupted by spells of total

rests.

Then a clear, transparent drop appears from the

genital opening in which the white eggs are clearly

visible. She holds the drop at the top with legs II

and III. It can be seen clearly that she is pressing;

at the dorsal side of the abdomen grooves appear

in the longitudinal direction. After one minute of

pressing the drop is finished and she moves a bit

downwards. The drop appears to stick at its top to

the thread between legs III. The bottom of the

drops rest on the sternum as well as on the abdomen.

The female now begins to move her body bac-

kwards and forwards. She holds the drop with her

leg II and III, which even sink in it a little bit and

seem to stick to it. Light kneading movements are

made with legs II and III It is as if the drop is being

massaged. Thedrop becomes darker in colour. After

4 minutes and about 120 of these kneading move-

ments she stops. The drop now looks greyish and

hangs apart from the female loose on a thread,

probably the same thread that was first held by legs

III. While she holds this thread with the drop with

legs II and III, she starts to enswathe it with legs IV.

She does this in the same way as wrappinga prey. At

first she wraps the lower half of the drop. After 1

minute and 14 seconds she shifts legs II and III

upwards along the thread and starts with the upper

half. After totally 1 minute and 52 seconds she has

spun about 500 threads round the eggs and stops.

During the next 35 seconds the female bites into

the bottom of the batch, which she still holds with

legs II and III. After this she pivots round her

length axis, with the batch in her chelicerae, so that

the spot where the batch was attached to the

thread, is now below her. Then she lowers herself

along the side of the batch and with a quick stroke

of her legs she snaps the thread. Next she goes back

to a corner of the cage, her resting place, with the

egg-batch in her chelicerae (fig. 7). The drop with

the eggs still looks greyish and the eggs cannot be

distinguished any more.

From the moment of the appearance of the drop

till the withdrawal to the corner of the cage, nine

minutes have passed. Three quarters of an hour

later the drop within the strands of silk has thic-

kend a bit and the eggs are clearly visible as sepa-

rate globules. The colour of the eggs now is brow-

nish-grey, while being white when appearing in

the drop. On June 3rd, 43 days later (in cold weat-

her conditions), 63 young hatched from this egg-

batch.

Egg-batches

A. The number of batches per specimen and their

spacing in time.

Table 1 shows the dates of egg-laying by the

individual spiders, each in its own cage. All batches,

except two, were produced at night.

Data per cage.

Cage 0. - In May 1981 a male and a female were

put in this cage. During the period in which they

were together they repeatedly mated. On October

3 the male ate the female. On November 16 the

male died as well.

Cage 1. - On October 5, 1982 a female was put

in this cage. On October 26, a male was added, but

he was eaten by the female on the same day. On

April 14, 1983, again a male was brought in with

this female. Mating immediately started, after

which the male was removed. The egg-batch of

PrATEL: Pholcus phalangioides

137

Table 1. Batches per cage (= spider). Given is the date (day, month, year) and the number of eggs laid on that day

(= n).

DATE - n

30Aug81-7

24Aug83-11

[17Aug84-*]

14Aug84-17

29Aug83-30

05 Aug84-32

18Sep83-17

01Sep83-17

06Aug84-25

30Aug83-24

20Aug84-24

[11Sept84-12]

REMARKS

female eaten by male

no cocoons in 85

died in April '86

2 coc. '85 died Jul85

Female died March '85

3 coc. '85 died June '86

no cocoons in "85

died October ’85

3 cocoons in ‘85

died August '85

Also in ‘84, '85, no coc.

2 coc. '85 died Aug.'85

Number of eggs not counted.

CAGE DATE - n DATE - n

0 21May81-40 01Jul81-12

1 ie

[14May84-*]

3 ? 20Jun84-35

4 ? 17Jun82-30

21Apr83-63 30Jun83-46

[29Apr84-*] 18Jun84-48

5 n.m. n.m.

6 12Jun83-16 26Jul83-18

15May84-22 DE

7 04May83-57 26Jul83-18

16May84-37 11Jul84-26

9) 24May83-41

11 04May84-50 04Aug84-46

[date-n] = eggs not fertilized and removed by the female.

3 = Female did mate, but laid no eggs.

n.m. — Female did not mate and (thus) laid no eggs.

Female captured whenbeing adult and possibly having laid eggs before.

NB: The female in cage 7 laid eggs in 1985 on May 11, June 30 and August 17. This last batch was not fertilized.

May 14, 1984, appeared to be non-fertilized (solid,

yellowish, non globular eggs) and was removed

from the web by the female on May 19. The non-

fertilized batch of August 17, was sucked by her on

August 23, and she removed the remnants the next

day. Despite good nourishment she did not produce

eggs any more and died the 21st of April 1986.

Cage 3. - On June 18, 1984, a female was put in

this cage. This female apparently already mated, no

male was introduced.

Cage 4. - On June 8, 1984, a male and a female,

captured while they hung in the same web, were

put in this cage. On October 20, the weak male was

removed. The eggs produced on April 21, 1983,

were laid during the afternoon and the description

was given above. The eggs still fertile of August 29,

were laid 313 days after the removal of the male.

A batch laid 577 days later (on April 29, 1984)

contained infertile eggs (dark coloured) and was

removed by her on May 6. On May 22, 1984, again

a male was introduced, mating followed within a

few minutes. After recharging his palps with

sperm!), the male was removed from the cage. In

the spring of 1985 she obviously had become very

weak, while wrapping prey she inserted long bre-

aks and did not eat them any more. Part of the book

lungs appeared to have collapsed or disappeared,

while the abdomen had thickened dorsally at the

lungs level. She died on March 5, 1985.

Cage 5. - On February 8, 1984, a subadult female

was put in this cage. In February she had several

maggots for food and moulted to adulthood on

April 25. On September 4, 1984, two males were

introduced into the cage at the same time. They

mated with the female that same afternoon the one

after the other. The smaller male was frequently

chased by the larger one thus lost a leg and was

eaten by this male on October 10.

Cage 6. - On October 25, 1982, a female was put

in this cage. On June 2, 1983, a male followed and

mating immediately took place. The male died on

August 28, 1983. The egg batch of August 6, 1984,

1) A male introduced to a female, already has his palps

filled with sperm. After courtship and mating, he will

recharge his palps within a few hours.

138 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

was laid 344 days after the death of the male and

contained about 40% infertile eggs. Afterwards the

female did not produce any eggs and died on Oc-

tober 4, 1985.

Cage 7. - On November 22, 1982, a female was

put in this cage. On April 8, 1983, a male was

introduced and again the mating started within a

few minutes. On May 16, 1984, she laid eggs round

12.30 hours, an event I just missed. This couple

repeatedly mated in the months of July and August.

This is the reason why the female lost her egg-

batch of August 20 on August 25, when it fell to the

bottom of the cage. This female produced three

more batches in 1985 and died early October that

year.

Cage 9. - A female was put in this cage on

October 15, 1982, followed by a male on October

26. The male was eaten by the female on Novem-

ber 2, 1982. In spite of sufficient nourishment she

laid no more eggs and died in 1985.

Cage 10. - On October 22, 1982, a subadult fe-

male was put in the cage. On May 11, 1983, this

female moulted. No male was introduced. In spite

of sufficient nourishment she laid no eggs and died

in 1985.

Cage 11. - On June 6, 1983, a female was put in

this cage. On September 2 a male was introduced

and mating started within half a minute. The eggs,

laid on September 11, 1984, appeared to be infer-

tile, despite the presence of the (weak) male; they

were removed by the female on September 13. The

male died on December 19. During 1985 the female

laid two more non-fertilized egg-batches and died

in August of that year.

If a batch with infertile eggs gets stuck in the web

somewhere, after removal by the female, she cuts

it loose again until it lies on the bottom of the cage.

Sometimes the eggs are sucked out and the remains

then removed.

As shown in table 1, the number of eggs can vary

strongly from batch to batch. The mean number of

eggs was 29.8 (n=27). The mean number of eggs

of the batches in the first column is 40.8; these are

in general the first batches of the year. In the

second column the mean is 31.0 and in the third

one, the last batches of the year, the mean is 19.9.

Some of the batches are not used (non-fertilized,

difficult to place) for calculating these averages.

The infertile eggs in batches otherwise normal

have been counted.

B. Influence of food on egg-production.

Table 2 shows the time interval between a meal

of protein rich prey, such as queens of Lasius niger

Table 2. The laying of eggs after consumption of a Lasius

niger queen.

Date of cons. Cage Date of egg Days

L. niger number production later

19 Aug83 1 24Aug83 5

19Aug83 4 29Aug83 10

20Aug83 6 01Sept83 12

19Aug83 2 30Aug83 11

29Sept83 all none —

30Jul84 1 17Aug84 18

30Jul84 3 14Aug84 15

30Jul84 4 05 Aug84 6

30Jul84 6 06Aug84 7

30Jul84 TE 20Aug84 21

30Jul84 11 04Aug84 5

* The female in cage 7 still had an egg-batch when con-

suming a L. niger.

about to fly out, and the production of eggs: an

average of 10 days (the female from cage 7 not

counted, see table 2). If also other prey animals

(smaller flies, midges, Tipulids) are taken into ac-

count the mean number of days between consump-

tion and egg-production was 12.6. In February all

spiders were fed with one or more maggots or

freshly emerged flies.

The observations described above can be sum-

marized as follows.

In my house Pholcus phalangioides produces

eggs from the end of April to the end of September

and almost always during the night. Only in the

case a female is well-fed and mates for the first

time, eggs are laid soon after the mating. If a female

is less well-fed the eggs are laid only when enough

food becomes available.

If a first mating takes place towards the end of

the year, the eggs are laid in the following spring.

The female of P. phalangioides appears to be able

to store sperm so that fertilization can still take

place 344 days after mating. The amount of sperm

received during copulation is sufficient for three

egg-batches. After a few days batches only contai-

ning infertile eggs are remove from the web by the

female.

Food consumption appears to stimulate the

production of eggs. Females are able to lay nine

egg-batches during the three years they are adult.

The mean number of eggs per batch is 29.8. The

number of eggs in the first batch of the year usually

is larger than in the second batch and lowest in the

third batch of the year. Females that did not mate

are absolutely unable to produce any eggs.

PLATEL:

Pholcus phalangioides

139

Table 3. Duration of the development in days of the eggs and the second stage (prenymphs).

A B C D E

4 3 30Jun83 16 5

7 2 26Jul83 18 6

6 D 26Jul83 18 6

3 2 14Aug84 19 10

6 5 06Aug84 20 7

il 2 OáAug8á 20 8

4 7 OSAug84 21 7

7 6 20Aug84 23 12

6 1 12Jun83 23 5

4 6 18Jun84 24 10

7 5 11Jul84 24 7

3 1 20Jun84 24 9

A B C D E

1 l 24Aug83 26 8

4 4 29Aug83 28 8

9 l 24May83 28 4

7 3 30Aug83 30 8

6 3 01Sep83 il 9

7 4 16May84 36 8

6 4 15May84 36 7

7 1 04May83 37 8

1 l 04May84 39 8

5 1 18Sep84 41 14

4 2 21Apr83 43 7

A = Cage number; B = egg-batch number of the female concerned; C = date of egg production; D = duration of the

development of the eggs in days; E = duration of the development of the prenymphs, in days, till the second moult.

Duration of development of the eggs

All egg-batches studied were laid in 1983 and

1984 by eight females (table 3). The time needed

for development in days, from the moment of

laying until the hatching of the young, can vary

considerably (table 3).

Figure 1 shows the duration of the development

of 23 egg-batches put against the mean outdoor

temperature during that period. It shows to be

strongly temperature-dependent. The mean dura-

tion of the development is 27.2 days (S.D. 8.0) with

a mean outdoor temperature over this period of

ISO RENS D N27):

Female behaviour while carrying eggs

It was observed regularly that an egg batch car-

rying female attached it to the web in order to be

able to eat, mate or to clean herself, but only a few

days after laying the eggs. The female therefore

attaches a thread to the web and brings it, with the

aid of both legs III, slowly to the batch, the tarsi

touching each other. She then takes the batch in her

legs I and Ill and attaches a thread to it by touching

the batch a few times with her spinnerets at the

point where it is kept by legs III. Then she looses

the batch, and by now it is suspended from the web.

A prey can be wrapped by the female while she

carries the batch in her chelicerae, but more often

she attaches the batch to the web first. If a female

carries an egg-batch a male has to exert himself

more than usually to obtain a mating, which in

most cases meets with success. When a male tries

to insert his palps while the female still holds the

eggs in her chelicerae, he does not succeed. When

after elaborate courtship by the male, the female is

willing to mate (the epigyneal region has swollen),

she first attaches the batch to the web, mates and

then returns to her eggs immediately afterwards.

She snaps the supporting lines with her legs Ill and

takes them back into her chelicerae again, someti-

mes after first having cleaned herself.

When disturbed the female always immediately

returns to her eggs and takes them, in case of a

serious disturbance, back in her chelicerae, or resu-

mes after a short while, in case of a less serious

interference, eating prey, cleaning, but never ma-

ting.

4 6 8 10 12 14

days

Fig. 1. Duration of the development of eggs in relation

to the outdoor temperature. | = indicates the average;

__ = linear regression-line: y = —0.327x + 24351; r =

0977 p <<0:001;n'=723.

140 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

egg tooth

Figs. 2—5. Pholcus phalangioides. Fig. 2. Young in ruptured chorion. (Drawn from a slide.) Fig. 3. Young stuck in

the remainder of the prelarval integument. Hairs no longer covered by the prelarval integument stand erect, others,

still covered shine through the skin and lie flat. Fig. 4. Part of a leg (femur-tibia joint) still within the prelarval

integument. (Drawn from a slide.) Fig. 5. Tarsus of a leg still within the prelarval integument. The tarsal claws can

be seen within it. (Drawn from a slide.)

Dispersal of the young

Some 10 to 15 days before hatching a breach in

the chorion is visible (fig. 8), leading from the

frontal side, just below the clypeus of the young

spider, backwards to the side of the abdomen which

is folded forwards against the sternum (fig. 2). The

eyes which are already discernible, and part of the

carapace and the palps as well as the coxae of the

legs show through the crack (fig. 9).

About this time the female starts to loosen the

batch a bit, which is necessary because there is an

increase in the diameter of the batch (approxima-

tely 0.5 mm, as was later measured with other

eggs). She does this by biting through the threads

round the eggs. She attaches the batch to the web

as previously described, holds it with legs II and III

with which she turns the batch in order to reach

other threads. She then picks up the threads very

carefully with the cheliceral fangs without touching

the eggs and bites them through or pulls them free.

Afterwards she takes the batch in her chelicerae

again.

This behaviour was observed 13 days before hat-

ching at the earliest. If she has once started this

behaviour, she shows it regularly and with incre-

asing frequency and duration at each bout, as the

time of hatching approaches. Towards the time the

young hatch, one can perceive a regular indenting

of their carapace, just behind the eyes. After a while

the spiderling starts stretching its legs and con-

PLATEL:

15 20 25 30 35 40 45

days

Fig. 6. Number of days between hatching and the second

moult (= the first moult outside the chorion), in relation

to the outdoor temperature. | = gives the average; __ =

linear regression-line; y = —1.055x + 24.334 r = —0.876

: p << 0.001; n = 22.

tinues to do so until it has freed itself and has

reached the outside of the batch. Soon all the

spiderlings are on the outside.

Often the female still holds the batch in her

chelicerae and after a while she then has a cluster

of spiderlings hanging on her jaws (fig. 10). It also

occurs that the female attaches the batch to the web

when the young are about to emerge or just after

the emergence of the first young. Shortly after

hatching, till some hours hereafter, the young

crawl along the webstrands and disperse just above

the remnants of the batch, within a circle with a

diameter of about 5 cm, depending on the number

of spiderlings. When some spiderlings have remai-

ned in the batch, the female is seen to brush thé

batch, carefully but quickly, with legs II and III and

sometimes also legs IV (fig. 12). She also goes on

biting the threads, besides carefully evading the

bodies of the young spiders. She may be engaged

with this behaviour up to three days, with intervals.

The young that are still caught in the strands as

well as the undeveloped eggs are sucked out, so that

only a skin remains, after which she removes the

remnants from the web.

As an experiment some batches were filched

from the female, at an early stage and not without

some effort. They were suspended on a tiny needle

Pholcus phalangioides 141

in a jar. The eggs developed quite normally, with

the exception of a few that were damaged. During

hatching it was obvious that those young had great

difficulties to free themselves from the spinnings

(fig. 11). Even a single thread could give insur-

mountable troubles. In general the young which

were more on the outside succeeded most of the

time in freeing themselves after some hours of

hard labour. As to the young more to the centre of

the batch this effort took much longer. Some of

those young did not manage to free themselves

even after three to four days of continuous struggle.

These young died. Spiderlings near the outside, but

caught in the threads with one or more legs, can

sometimes free themselves during the first moult

outside the chorion. When this does not meet with

success they die after all.

Summarizing we may state that 10 to 16 days

before hatching the chorions break. From 13 days

onwards before hatching the female loosens the

batch more and more by cutting the threads around

the eggs. The young emerge quickly, whereby the

stragglers are being helped by the mother: she

brushes the batch with her legs and cuts threads.

The batch is then still held with the chelicerae or

attached to the web. Young that stuck are sucked.

In an experimental situation, with no female pre-

sent, the young clearly have more difficulties free-

ing themselves.

Development of young

By closer investigation part of the young proves

to have died in the remainder of the batch while

still sitting partly in the chorion. It reveals that the

part that still sticks, the legs, is enveloped by a very

thin skin. The hairs on the free part of the leg stand

erect, while the hairs on the part still covered lie

completely flat (fig. 3). The skin that envelopes the

legs, contains neither hairs nor tarsal claws and is

not segmented either. Through this very transpa-

rent skin the characteristics of the next stage can

be seen, i.e. the new skin still wrinkled, with hairs

and tarsal claws (figs. 4 and 5). Hence it appears

that the young that comes free nog only frees itself

from the chorion but also from the first prelarval

integument. Some of the young that died, stuck in

this moult (fig. 3). The prelarval integument is so

thin and transparent, that nothing recognizable

can be found after hatching.

The most remarkable characteristics of the

emerging spiderlings are given below.

Mobility: The spiders move little, disperse inside

a small region in the web around the mother and

move away when touched.

142 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 7—11. Pholcus phalangioides. Fig. 7. Female with eggs. Fig. 8. Female with loosened batch of eggs, a few days

before the dispersal of the young. Fig. 9. Prelarvae after the rupture of the chorion; in the two prelarvae on the left

the blackish egg-tooth on the palp is visible. Fig. 10. Female with freshly hatched spiderlings. Fig. 11. A spiderling

struggling to get free.

Cuticle: Not pigmented and with fewer hairs but less than with the nymph. One trichobothrium

than with the nymph. on each metatarsus. The foot claws are toothed.

Legs: all joints are present. Hairs are present, Chelicerae: The fang is present and looks nor-

PLATEL:

Pholcus phalangioides

143

Fig. 12. Female of Pholcus phlangioides assisting the spiderlings to free themselves from the webstrands.

mal, but the poison-duct is not clearly visible (a

poison-duct is not necessary; they still live on their

yolk reserves).

Spinnerets: Spinnerets and silk glands are pre-

sent. The young are able to spin threads.

Eyes: The eyes look normal, but are surrounded

by a brown pigmented area and not by a black area

as in older spiders. The eyes are not elevated and

lie flat on the carapace.

I have never seen prenymphs spin threads them-

selves, if they had webstrands of their mother at

their disposal (normal situation). I only observed

the latter with spiderlings that hatched from eggs

suspended from a needle. One day after emergence

the spiderlings are able to spin threads themselves.

These lines are double and thin and are sometimes

drawn out of the spinnerets with the aid of the

tarsal claws of legs IV. They are able to attach these

lines efficiently, and the fast movements of the

spinnerets are then clearly visible. When seriously

disturbed they partly drop on a thread spun by

themselves. Later they climb back along the same

thread. The prenymphs in the mother’s web do not

yet show the characteristic rapid whirling move-

ments of this family. They pull themselves up a bit

between their legs at most, while the mother in-

deed vehemently whirls. In the first nymphal stage

the young do sometimes show this behaviour.

After a period of a few days the young sit very

still. When they place the tarsi of the legs close to

or against each other the second moult begins.

The time that passes between hatching and this

second moult is, as with the development of the

eggs, strongly temperature-dependent (fig. 6). On

the average moulting starts 7.9 days after hatching

(S.D.=2.3; n=22; table 3), with a mean outdoor

temperature during this period of 16.0 °C

(SD 27)

A period of 15 days was noted with young that

developed in a batch taken away from the female

(November 8, 1983).

DISCUSSION

Egg laying, a case study

Egg laying with Pholcids has been described ear-

lier by Pokrowsky (1899) for Pholcus opilionoides

and by Maughan (1978) for Ph. muralicola. Pok-

rowsky possibly had Ph. phalangioides in mind. In

the past century these two names were use as syn-

onyms (Simon, 1866). Van Hasselt (1870) also

mentioned Ph. opilionoides while in view of the

size of his specimens he clearly had Ph. phalan-

gioides in mind. Nowadays both names are used for

different species.

144 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

In a few lines Maughan (1978) describes egg

laying with Ph. mwralicola, a species resembling

opilionoides and phalangioides but being a little bit

smaller. Both Pokrowsky and Maughan describe

the female’s posture before laying eggs as a resting

posture. They do not mention the tarsi placed close

to each other which is not the case in the resting

posture. Observations in the literature on egg

laying with Ph. phalangioides are possible lacking

because most of the eggs are not laid in the daytime

and the proper laying is only of short duration.

Montgomery (1903) “…watched pregnant females

for long intervals in the hope of seeing it...”, but

without success. With Ph. muralicola eggs were

extruded by pulsating movements of the abdomen

(Maughan, 1978). Pokrowsky (1899) describes the

female making strange movements with the abdo-

men extruding the eggs with the aid of abdominal

muscles. These movements may correspond with

the female’s movements observed by me. The ac-

tion of the abdominal muscles can be seen: the

grooves in the longitudinal direction which arise

when squeezing. Pholcids do not possess dorsoven-

tral muscles (Kaston, 1981) so that these grooves

must be caused by the longitudinal muscles.

The colour of the eggs when laid is in accordance

with the observations of Pokrowsky and Maughan.

With Ph. Muralicola eggs became brown or black

as development proceeded (Maughan), while Po-

krowsky only describes that the eggs become dry

and lose their lustre after a few minutes. Maughan

(1978) writes nothing about the presence of a fluid

during laying, while Pokrowsky (1899) only men-

tions that they are “made wet by a fluid”. However,

I clearly observed a drop in which the eggs appe-

ared. The presence of such a viscid drop was des-

cribed with more species. In those cases it was

observed that the viscosity of the fluid is such that

the egg mass largely retains its globular shape. This

drop also contains sperms (Gertsch, 1979) or pos-

sibly sperms (Montgomery, 1903). The viscosity of

the drop with Ph. phalangioides is so strong that

this, without being wrapped in silk, keeps hanging

from a thread all by itself, so that the spider can

start throwing silk around it. Assuming that the

drop contained sperms, it might be possible that

the function of the 4 minutes kneading movements

by the female is to produce a better contact of the

sperms with the eggs. However, it is also possible

that the female checks the viscosity of the drop and

waits until this is strong enough by drying up. In

doing so the female can leave the drop hanging on

a line without the danger of its flowing out and

next she can start wrapping it. The former assump-

tion does not exclude the other. The kneading

movements were not observed by Pokrowsky and

Maughan. Mention is made of the help of legs

while laying (legs III, according to Maughan; with

one of her legs, according to Pokrowsky). Po-

krowsky already saw some threads around the eggs,

before the female started enswathing them. In

whatever way this is possible is not clear to me.

Pokrowsky’s observation about the female enswa-

thing the eggs with her front pair of legs must be

wrong.

The snapping of the thread on which the egg-

batch hangs with the aid of the legs was observed

more frequently by me with females that tempora-

rily hung the batch in the web and took it back in

the chelicerae after eating, mating or cleaning.

Montgomery (1903) also described this behaviour.

It is clear by now that Pholcus enswathes the eggs

with silk. Earlier it was believed that the eggs were

merely glued together (Bonizzi, 1869; Becker,

1892), but in what way can the female carry the

eggs without damaging them? However, in those

days there were authors who did mention a thin

silk covering around the eggs (among others: van

Hasselt, 1870). Later it was confirmed by more

authors (Montgomery, 1903; Bonnet, 1930b; Chry-

santhus, 1950; Wiehle, 1953; Bristowe, 1941, 1958;

Gertsch, 1979; Kaston, 1981). Carrying the egg-

batch in the chelicerae, probably to protect it, is a

thing that is mostly mentioned with the descrip-

tions of this species. The silk threads around the

eggs are very thin and probably this is the reason

why they were not observed by some authors. Yet

the number calculated of about 500 lines around the

eggs is more than expected.

Egg-batches

The dates for the first batch given in literature

are not widely spread. Chrysanthus (1950) saw the

first egg-batch on April 26. Montgomery (1903)

and Bristowe indicated the month of May for this.

The last batches were seen in August (Bristowe,

1958). Montgomery (1903) even saw a female lay

eggs in November. However, Schaefer (1976) ob-

served Ph. phalangioides laying eggs the whole

year through, with a maximum in May. The popu-

lation investigated by him lived in cellars, where

the temperature, in winter, too, did not fall below

20 °C. Schaefer calculated a zero point of develop-

ment with about 14 °C and also mentioned that

females are able either to mate or lay eggs and

young are not able to hatch at temperatures below

10 °C. The lower temperatures in winter causes

the periodicity found in this and other researches.

Bonnet (1930b) in this aspect also mentions; “that

spiders do not moult at temperatures lower than

PLATEL:

13 °C, one can assume that this temperature at

least is necessary, because tissues have to be formed

which also applies to the development of the young

in the eggs”.

Bonnet (1930b) and Schaefer (1976) mention

that a condition for the female to lay eggs is that

she must have mated, which also appears from this

research. Mating does not necessarily have taken

place just before laying. Bristowe (1958) already

stated that a female is able to produce eggs in May

or June, after having mated in the previous sum-

mer. Schaefer (1976) mentions a period of 17 to 36

weeks. Now it was even observed that fertile eggs

can be laid after a period of 11 months after mating.

Some of the eggs in this batch were infertile, pro-

bably because of a shortage of (vital) semen. Eggs

are laid under good conditions indeed, rather soon

after the first mating. This was also observed by

Bonnet (1930b) and Chrysanthus (1950). In that

case the period between mating and laying is

roughly in accordance with the two weeks Seitz

(cited in Foelix, 1979) mentions and which are

necessary for the increase of the volume of the eggs

in the second stage, which starts after mating. An

increase in diameter of the female’s abdomen was

not noticed by me and was not measured either.

This again is in accordance with the observations

of Gerhardt (1921). Montgomery (1903) and Ka-

ston (1981) wrote that females did not produce

more than three cocoons. He probably means: not

more than three cocoons per year. It appears that

females are able to produce at least six batches with

a maximum of nine.

Egg-batches falling on the bottom of the cage

only contain infertile eggs in all cases and are re-

moved by the female herself, sometimes after they

were first sucked by the female. Van Hasselt (1870)

saw up to two times the complete disappearance of

a cocoon and then supposed them to be sucked by

the female. Montgomery (1903) noticed that from

the 12 cocoons observed by him 4 had dropped and

did not hatch. He writes that these cocoons drop-

ped by accident when hung in the web. Of the 32

batches observed by me, only one has dropped by

accident, apart from the 4 clearly nonfertilized

ones, which were removed by the female herself.

This was the last egg-batch - in this research - of

the female in cage 7. She had to hang the batch in

the web many times because of the many matings.

On the fifth day after laying she fished up a remain-

der of an earlier prey in her chelicerae instead of

the batch which lay on the bottom. An egg-batch

does nog simply fall out of the chelicerae. If one

wants to take away the batch from a female, a

relatively great force has to be used. It takes a lot

Pholcus phalangioides 145

of trouble and it will not go without destroying a

large number of eggs. Bonizzi (1869) and Montgo-

mery (1903) already stated that the female will not

quit the egg-batch even if treated roughly. I assume

that the 4 cocoons “lost” by Montgomery's spiders,

contained infertile eggs and were removed by the

female herself, because none of them produced any

young. The egg-batch lost by the female in cage 7,

which could be saved, did produce young. Yet a

dozen eggs did not survive the fall and treatment

afterwards.

A connection between the moment of food con-

sumption and the time of egg production is not

mentioned in the literature.

The number of eggs for Ph. phalangioides given

in the literature lies between 13 and 60 (Bonnet,

1930b; Chrysanthus, 1950; Wiehle, 1953; Kaston,

1981). But these are incidental observations. Only

Schaefer (1976) gives a mean number of 33.2 eggs

per batch (n = 16, 28-46 eggs).

The diameter of the batches was not measured

by me. Locket & Millidge (1951) give about 5 mm

for this, and Wiehle (1953) 4 mm. Kaston (1981)

even gives the diameter in relation to the number

of eggs: a batch of 4.7 mm contained 29 eggs; an

other of 3.6 mm had 25 eggs. The size of the eggs

was also given by him: 1.2 to 1.3 mm long and 0.94

to 1.2 mm thick. On other cocoons of

Ph. phalangioides I ascertained later the following

diameters and egg numbers: diameter 3.6 mm — 36

eggs; 4.5 mm - 42 eggs; 5.4 mm - 60 eggs. The

greater part of the time the first egg-batches are

bigger than the next, as with many more spider

species that lay eggs more than once (Chrysanthus,

1950; Gertsch, 1979; Foelix, 1979). In addition

Gertsch mentions that some of the later eggs may

be infertile, owing to the exhaustion of the semen

supply stored in the receptacles, and perhaps also

to its gradual loss of viability (see also Montgo-

mery, 1908). With Ph. phalangioides the latter

only seldom happens because the females nearly

always are susceptible to the males, this in contrast

with the observations of Montgomery (1903) and

Gerhardt (1921, on Ph. opilionoides). If with

Ph. phalangioides the male stays away after a co-

pulation, the phenomenon of infertile eggs does

occur, but only if afterwards several batches are

produced. In general the number of eggs in spring

is again larger than the number in the autumn of

the previous year, but smaller than in the first

batch laid by the female. But as is already menti-

oned the number of eggs also depends on the sup-

ply of food so that differences can also arise because

of this.

146 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Duration of development of the eggs

It is only Schaefer (1976) that gives the duration

of the development of the eggs in relation to the

temperature: 18.1 days with 23 °C (n= 8) and 54.7

days with 16 °C (n= 6). This is in accordance with

the data of this research. Other authors only men-

tion the duration of the development observed by

them, which most of the time lies between two and

three weeks (Bonizzi, 1869; Montgomery, 1903;

Bristowe, 1958). Chrysanthus (1950) mentions a

very long duration of 52 days for eggs laid in spring.

Female behaviour while carrying eggs

According to most authors the females of

Ph. phalangioides carry the eggs in their chelicerae

from laying up to, or up to and including, the

emergence of the young (van Hasselt, 1870; Bec-

ker, 1892; Wiehle, 1953; Vachon, 1965; van Ka-

twijk, 1976; Gertsch, 1979; Kaston, 1981; Nen-

twig, 1985). It was also observed that the female

hung the batch in the web, in order to eat, clean

herself (Bonizzi, 1869; Montgomery, 1903; Chry-

santhus, 1950), or to copulate with an insistent

male (Bristowe, 1958). My observations about the

way in which the female hangs the eggs in the web

and looses them again, is in accordance with Mont-

gomery’s observations (1903).

Dispersal of the young

Bonizzi (1869) described the female trying to break

the egg shells with her mandibles one day before

hatching. He probably observed the breaking of the

threads around the eggs. Bonizzi did not observe

these threads. For the rest Bonizzi is the only aut-

hor mentioning this kind of behaviour before the

emerging of the young. However, Ph. phalangioi-

des starts biting these threads already sooner, pro-

bably as soon as the chorions rupture by an increase

of volume of the embryo (Bonnet, 1930a; Gertsch,

1979; Foelix, 1979) and with the aid of the sharp

egg- teeth at the basis of the palps (Vachon, 1965;

Gertsch, 1979). This biting of the threads also

occurs with other spiders, particularly wolf-spiders

(among others: Montgomery, 1903; Bonnet,

1930a; Foelix, 1979). The fact that females still bite

threads after the emergence of the first young, was

also observed by Montgomery (1903). This aid

appeared to be indispensable for many young.

There are clearly individual differences, for some of

the females have repeatedly worse results than

others.

The time during which the young, after hat-

ching, stay together in a cluster before dispersing

in the web to some extent, can vary from some

hours (Bonizzi, 1869; Montgomery, 1903) up to some

days (Becker, 1892); Chrysanthus, 1950), as also

became clear from this research.

Development of the young

The development and morphology of the young

of Ph. phalangioides after the rupture of the cho-

rion, the presence of a prelarva and a prenymph,

are excellently described by Vachon (1965). Emerit

(1984 and in a pers. comm., 1985) also emphasizes

the presence of a prelarva. The characteristics sum-

med up by me clearly show that the spiderling

described is a prenymph (Vachon, 1957, 1965;

Emerit, 1984). Canard (1984) uses a different ter-

minology in which these differences with Vachon

in relation to Ph. phalangioides are given in table

4 (drawn up by Canard, 1985 in a pers. comm.). His

terminology shows the different stages in develop-

ment better, but it is difficult to see when the first

period (pullus) ends (with the rupture of the first

integument). Accurate observation of the young

still partially present in the chorion is necessary.

The duration between the rupture of the chorion

and the emergence of the prenymph amounts from

5 tot 10 days according to Vachon (1965), but in

this research from 10 to 15 days. Other authors do

not mentioned this period, because in general it

was assumed that the young did only moult for the

first time a few days after hatching.

In the literature the duration of this prenymphal

stage is given as 6 to 7 days (Bonnet, 1930b); 10

days (Vachon, 1965) or 7 to 14 days (Bristowe,

1958). Schaefer (1976) again gives the duration in

relation to the temperature: 17.3 days with a con-

stant temperature of 16 °C (n = 21) and 7.9 days

with a constant temperature of 23 °C (n= 26). In

this period the young live on their yolk reserves

and are not able to take food themselves (Vachon,

1965), so that the assertion of Bonizzi (1869), that

a female spun a fly for them (“...when the more

robust of the young animals ran to suck the insects

thus prepared for them...) must be questioned.

The possibility exists that these “more robust of

the young animals” were prenymphs already moul-

ted. A first nymph sometimes carefully tries to suck

a prey spun by the female together with her. Ho-

wever, the young was repeatedly spun by the fe-

male with the prey. A young that was noticed when

sharing in the profit, was simply swept away with

a leg each time.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank Dr. Peter van Helsdingen

for his helpful advice and critical reading of the

manuscript. I also like to thank Mr. Van Gils and

Katy van Helsdingen for the translation.

PLATEL:

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Received: 24 August 1988

Accepted: 30 December 1988

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THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THE PACHYNEURINI

(CHALCIDOIDEA, PTEROMALIDAE) AS JUDGED BY

CHARACTERISTICS OF COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR

J. VAN DEN ASSEM & M. J. GIJSWIJT

ABSTRACT

Assem, J. van den & M. J. Gijswijt, 1989. The taxonomic position of the Pachyneurini

(Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) as judged by characteristics of courtship behaviour. — Tijdschrift

voor Entomologie 132: 149-154, tabs 1-2. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 3 July 1989.

Characteristics of courtship behaviour seem to be of considerable interest from a comparative

point of view. A syndrome of behavioural features was used for separating a group of pteromalids

(viz. the Pachyneurini) from the Pteromalinae, a subfamily to which they were formerly assigned.

Key words. - Pteromalidae; Pachyneurini; taxonomy; behaviour.

Dr. J. van den Assem, Zoological Laboratory, Division of Ethology, University of Leiden, P.O.

Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

INTRODUCTION

Current classification of the Chalcidoidea is still

far from what must be the ultimate aim: an arran-

gement of taxa reflecting the group’s phylogeny.

Comparative studies of chalcidoid mating behav-

iour can make a contribution to this end (Gauld

1986) because they provide, in principle, independ-

ent tests of classifications that were based on mor-

phological criteria only (the usual practice). Fea-

tures of behaviour may serve as characters on

different levels. Such features are often species-

characteristic; sibling species in particular may be

identified more easily on characteristics of mating

behaviour than of morphology (e.g. Van den As-

sem & Povel 1973). Just as well, behaviour ele-

ments can serve to separate genera or families (e.g.

Van den Assem et al. 1982b). Actually, the use of

behavioural features as criteria of classification is of

a long standing (e.g. the classification of Anatidae

— ducks and relatives -: Heinroth 1910, Lorenz

1941). In the entomological practice severe limita-

tions abound since living specimens are not usually

the kind of material at the disposal of taxonomists

and, moreover, far from all species will “behave”

under laboratory conditions. However, this is no

excuse; phylogenetic classifications require sup-

portive evidence from various biological sources.

Those components of courtship repertoires

which function as intra-specific signals qualify as

149

useful characters in the first place. They are sup-

posed to have acquired their more or less fixed

quality during evolution in a process called ritual-

isation. Fixation means minimal variation in per-

formance — a necessary quality of unambiguous

signals and, likewise, of reliable diagnostic charac-

ters. Courtship signals produced by chalcidoid

males are, at least partly, of a chemical and/or of

an acoustic nature, and cannot be recorded or an-

alysed without sophisticated equipment (Van den

Assem 1986). On the other hand, signal emission

usually coincides with overt movements of one or

more limbs, and these movements can be described

and quantified in a simple way (in terms of number

of occurrences or of durations; e.g. Barrass 1960;

Martin & Bateson 1986).

Previous studies of chalcidoid mating behaviour

have corroborated current classifications (e.g. Ko-

gan & Legner 1970, Van den Assem & Povel 1973),

or suggested changes (e.g. Van den Assem et al.

1982a, Dahms 1984, In den Bosch & Van den As-

sem 1986). In the present paper we want to point

out an apparent discrepancy, and suggest a change.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Parasitized hosts were collected in the field and

individual parasitoids were isolated prior to emer-

gence, as far as possible, to obtain virgin speci-

mens. (Females of several species are known to

150 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

mate only once in a lifetime; in some species they

appear no longer attractive to males following ma-

ting. Obviously, virgin specimens are necessary for

studying courtship and mating behaviour in such

cases). A list of the material that was used for the

observations mentioned in this paper is given in

the appendix.

All observations were made with a low-power

binocular microscope. Prior to the observations, a

male and a female specimen were introduced into

a small, perspex cell that was closed with a glass

cover slip. The cell’s diameter (ca 2.5 cm) corre-

sponded to the visual field of the microscope. Mag-

nifications of 10 or 15 X proved to be sufficient.

Many sequences of courtship and mating behaviour

were recorded on video tape.

COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF PTEROMALINAE

Among taxonomists there is consensus that

several large families of Chalcidoidea (e.g. Encyr-

tidae, Fulophidae, Furytomidae) represent monop-

hyletic entities while others do not (e.g. Pteroma-

lidae, Torymidae). Many lower ranking taxa appear

to be non-holophyletic assemblages: the Pte-

romalinae, a sub-family of Pteromalidae, may serve

as an example. Clearly, the Pteromalinae are a

‘rest’ group. Positive morphological criteria for

separating Pteromalinae from alternative groups

do not exist. Unifying behavioural characteristics

do not exist either. Yet, within this group, several

clusters of distinctly related genera can be defined,

some of which were already recognized by

Thomson (1878). Similar clusters are apparent in

the checklist of Chalcidoidea by Boutek & Graham

(1978): genera are arranged in a non-random or-

der, suggestive of varying degrees of relatedness

(never explicitly stated by the authors). Examples

are: Psilonotus-Anogmus-Mesopolobus; Nasonia-

Trichomalopsis (= Eupteromalus); Caenasis-Cect-

dostiba-Hobbya-Ablaxia-Aggelma. Details of

courtship and mating procedures give support to

these assumed relationships (unpubl. data).

For the Pteromalinae as a whole, unifying featu-

res of courtship and mating behaviour cannot be

defined. Yet, for what seems to be a large majority,

an assemblage that we refer to as the Pteromalinae

s.s., such features do exist. Earlier (Van den Assem

1974), this group has been characterized as “those

pteromalids in which the male takes up a frontal

position on the female for courtship (by placing his

front feet on her head) and produces a sequence of

motor coordinations in which the antennae are

moved synchronously as each other's mirror image,

the general direction of these movements being up

and down; the female indicates her readiness to

copulate by a special antennal signal (she draws her

flagellae tightly to her head capsule) and maintains

a frozen posture for some time”. This definition —

which was based on observations of 14 species —

may still serve, although the importance of mouth-

part extrusions (see below) as taxonomic criteria

was not appreciated at the time.

The elements of courtship and mating which

characterize the Pteromalinae s.s. are mentioned

below. Actually, it is the syndrome of elements that

is characteristic; taken separately, alle features can

be found in many other groups as well. Our obser-

vations now refer to 37 species (mentioned in the

appendix) belonging to the 20 genera enumerated

in table 1. We assume that many more can be added

to the Pteromalinae s.s. once courtship and mating

procedures are known. Our prediction is that the

rules which refer to general characteristics of mo-

vements, temporal structure, and frontal position

of the male (see below) will apply to all near-

relatives of the genera mentioned in table 1.

Characteristic behaviour patterns

Courtship position. - The male courts from

a frontal position on top of the female, with its fo-

re tarsi placed on the female’s head. The precise

placement differs between species (e.g. laterally

on the female’s eyes, on its nape, near the base

of its scapes, etc.). By necessity, a male has to back

up from its courtship position before it can copu-

late.

Antennal movements. — The male’s antennae,

whatever the precise motor coordinations, move as

each other’s mirror image. The details of these

movements, and the corresponding temporal pat-

terns, are usually characteristic for a species or for

a group of species. Several kinds of movements are

involved; one of them is most conspicuous: the

antennal sweep, a swift up-and-down large ampli-

tude movement, and performed just before or syn-

chronously with a mouthpart extrusion (below).

Extrusion of the mouthparts. - The male extru-

des (lowers) its mouthparts periodically in a con-

spicuous way (as if ‘vomitting ). Extrusions may

be combined with head-nodding movements. If so,

an extrusion coincides with the upstroke of a nod.

Female receptivity signal. - At the onset of se-

xual receptivity (i.e. coinciding with the exposure

of the genital orifice) the female lowers its anten-

nae (previously held horizontally). It draws the

flagellae tightly in to the front of its head (flagellae

pointing downwards).

VAN DEN ASSEM & GIJSWIJT:

Table 1. Genera of Pteromalinae s.s.; courtship and ma-

ting procedures were observed in one or more species

Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912

Anogmus Förster, 1856

Caenasis Förster, 1856

Cecidostiba Thomson, 1878

Dibrachys Förster, 1856

Dinarmus Thomson, 1878

Hobbya Delucchi, 1957

Hypopteromalus Ashmead, 1900

Lariophagus Crawford, 1909

Meraporus Walker, 1834

Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833

Muscidifurax Girault & Sanders, 1910

Nasonia Ashmead, 1903

Peridesmia Förster, 1856

Psilonotus Walker, 1834

Pteromalus Swederus, 1795 (including the subgenus

Habrocytus Thomson, 1878)

Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946

Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913

Trichomalus Thomson, 1878

Trychnosoma Graham, 1957

Duration of genital contact. - In Pteromalinae

s.s. the duration of genital contact (at 20 °C) is

relatively long, ranging between 10 secs (in e.g.

Nasonia) and ca 1 minute (in e.g. Lariophagus).

An experimental analysis of the displays of a few

species of Pteromalinae s.s. has revealed (Van den

Assem 1986) that mouthpart extrusions are asso-

ciated with the release of chemical stimuli (pher-

omones). Head-noddings probably enhance the ef-

fects of pheromone release. There are (slight)

differences in the precise motor coordinations be-

tween clusters of related genera (e.g. the nodding

movements of Anogmus - Mesopolobus species

differ from those of Nasonia vitripennis and rela-

tives). Several clusters include genera with nodding

and non-nodding species. Also, within certain ge-

nera (e.g. Habrocytus) species may differ in the

extent of nodding. Apparently, nodding has been

“invented” a number of times, which means that

not all nods are truly homologous.

COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF PACHYNEURINI

Courtship displays in one section of Pteromali-

nae (i.e. the Pachyneurini sensu Ashmead, 1904)

do not correspond to those of the Pteromalinae s.s.

We believe that the differences are of a fundamen-

tal kind (see Discussion), and we suggest to sepa-

rate the Pachyneurini from the Pteromalinae and

preferably raise it to sub-family rank, the Pachy-

neurinae. Ours is not the only argument: Copland

& King (1972) found consistent differences in the

Pachyneurini 151

structure of the female reproductive system of

Pachyneuron versus other species of Pteromalinae.

Moreover, Boutek and Graham (1978) placed the

Pachyneurini at the end of the Pteromalinae in

their checklist, not because they believed it to be

the most apomorphic section, but because it was

unclear where to place it at all (Boutek, pers.

comm.). Earlier, Boutek (1961) has suggested that

the (then newly described) genus Vrestovia was

close to Synedrus Graham, 1956, Ablaxia Delucchi,

1957 or Caenasis Förster, 1856, but this suggestion

was dropped later. Features of courtship would not

support such a relationship either: Caenasis males

court in the way of Pteromalinae s.s.; males of the

two Vrestovia species we have seen do not.

Judged by general characteristics of their mating

behaviour, the Pachyneurini represent a natural

unit. The diagnostic syndrome comprises the fol-

lowing features:

Characteristic behaviour patterns

Courtship position. - The male’s fore tarsi are

placed at the frontal edge of the female’s pronotum

(on its shoulders”) or on top of its thorax. In

Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae the placement is va-

riable: sometimes on the female’s thorax, someti-

mes on its head (but never stereotypical on the

head).

Phase shifts. - There are periodic shifts in the

orientation of the courting male with respect to the

female below. Foreward-backward movements

with the entire body occur which coincide with

bending-stretching movements of the fore legs

while the fore tarsi remain in the same place

throughout. (These postural changes are the equi-

valents of the periodic low phase-high phase shifts

described by Van den Assem et al. 1982b.)

Antennal movements. - All displays include mo-

vements with the antennae; however, not in all

phases are the antennae moved as each others

mirror image. There is no antennal sweep of the

kind seen in Pteromalinae s.s., but there is a more

distinct forward-backward component in the an-

tennal motions.

Mouthpart movements by the male. - Forward-

backward movements are always present, but of an

inconspicuous kind which is easily overlooked.

There are no real extrusions which suggest “lic-

king” actions, as in the Pteromalinae s.s., and the

motor patterns involved differ greatly. (In the

Pteromalinae s.s. mouthpart extrusion is a prom-

inent element of a male’s display.)

152 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Position of the female antennae. — During

courtship, females point their antennae more or

less vertically upward, forming an acute figure V.

This posture never occurs in female Pteromalinae

S.S.

Mouthparts female. — Typically, females hold

their mandibles agape as soon as they are mounted.

Female antennal signal and duration of genital

contact. — Antennal movements made by the fe-

male at the onset of receptivity occur in some

species, but judged from direct observations it

seems doubtful that they serve a signal function as

found in Pteromalinae s.s. Backing up by courting

males may involve considerable delays. Antennal

movements by the female were absent in Vrestovia

and Pachyneuron species (antennae remain in the

upright position throughout) and of a variable

quality in Pachycrepoideus, from upright to hori-

zontal or below. In Toxeumorpha the antennae go

into a low position. But even when low, the ensuing

posture is less “complete” than in the Pteromali-

nae s.s. (the flagellae are not tightly drawn in to the

front of the head) (table 2).

The duration of genital contact varies between

species. In most it is very short (a matter of a few

seconds only); in Toxexmorpha contacts may last

for over a minute.

DISCUSSION

The courtship procedures of species of Pteroma-

linae s.s. have many features in common. Species

of Pachyneurini were found to be different in this

respect, not just in a matter of degree but in a

fundamental way because they lack a number of

what we consider to be synapomorphic features.

By examining the display behaviour of many

species, it is possible to uncover phylogenetic

trends (i.e. successively more advanced combina-

tions of behavioural traits). Similar trends can be

traced in several large families of Chalcidoidea,

suggestive of parallel developments. Two of these

are relevant in the context of this paper: the switch

of the male’s courtship position from the rear to

the front, in connection with the development of

a (secondary) receptivity signal, and the omission

of periodic shifts in the position of the courting

male relative to the female (Van den Assem 1986).

In this respect the Pteromalinae s.s. qualify as

synapomorphic: the position of the courting male

has moved to the extreme front, the male’s head is

just above the female’s antennae and the male

releases a necessary, receptivity inducing stimulus

periodically — probably a product of its mandibular

glands — by means of extruding its mouthparts.

Head-noddings enhance the effectiveness of stimu-

Table 2. Genera and species (in alphabetical order)

which were observed to deviate from the courtship and

mating procedures of the Pteromalinae s.s.

Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904; Pachyneuron Walker,

1833; Toxeumorpha Girault, 1915; Vrestovia Boutek,

1961.

Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani): Curepe, Trini-

dad, from pupae of an antomid fly September 1971;

Hanoi, Vietnam, from pupae of Drosophila spec. Lab-

oratory culture on D. melanogaster.

Pachyneuron muscarum (L.): Vleuten, The Netherlands,

parasite of Leptomastix dactylopu Girault, on Plano-

coccus citri in a glasshouse; May 1988.

Pachyneuron planiscuta Thomson: Leiden, The Nether-

lands, emerged from reed stalks, host unknown,

March 1974.

Toxeumorpha nigricola (Ferriere): Natal, Rep S Africa,

from pupae of Zaprionius spec. in tomato fields, 1980.

Laboratory stock on D. melanogaster.

Vrestovia fidenas (Walker). Zuidwijk, Wassenaar The

Netherlands, on pupae of Drosophila spec; April

1987.

Vrestovia spec: Amherst. Mass USA, on pupae of Dros-

ophila spec.; October 1979. (Bou£ek in litt).

lus release. Females have developed a secondary

receptivity signal which is a sufficient stimulus for

the male to stop courting and back up (Van den

Assem & Jachmann 1982). Phase-shifts in the

male’s position are absent, males court in a low-

phase position throughout. Pachyneurini give evi-

dence of a less advanced condition. The position of

the courting male is less extreme; males change

their posture periodically during a display (without

shifting the position of the forefeet); there is no

evidence for pheromonal stimulation by way of

specialized movements with the mouthparts. A

secondary antennal signal is absent, or, where an-

tennal movements occur, evidence that males take

them as a cue for switching to copulatory behaviour

is missing. Actually, we often observed a delay

between the moment of overt receptivety (the

moment the female exposes its genital orifice) and

the male backing up, and it seems to be longer, on

average, than in the Pteromalinae s.s., although in

this group as well males are variable in this respect.

To delay backing up to copulate may have serious

consequences for a courting male because sneaking

competitors may take precedence and mate first

(which always means: inseminate more success-

fully). In this respect the procedures of Pachyneuron

muscarum are of interest. Males produce a single

courtship cycle, back up immediately and attempt to

copulate. If the female is not yet receptive then the

frontal courtship position is taken up again, a new

cycle follows, etc. A similar organization of the

courtship display has been observed in Pteromalus

VAN DEN ASSEM & GIJSWIJT:

puparum, it was hypothesized that it might be

understood as an adaptation to a high level of

competition (Van den Assem 1974). Pteromalus is

a parasitoid of the chrysalids of butterflies from

which hundreds of wasps may emerge more or less

synchronously. The same explanation may hold for

the Pachyneuron muscarum display. Moreover,

males hold their wings low while backing up, in a

cape-like fashion (as do some tetrastichids in an

attempt to ward off competitors) thus providing an

additional argument. This rapid-pendulum type of

temporal organization will prolong the time requi-

red to induce receptivity in a female but this loss

will probably be more than evened out by losing a

copulation to a competitor less often.

For Pteromalus, it was argued that the pendulum

procedures were probably not an original feature

(Pteromalus females have a fully developed anten-

nal signal), but for Pachyneuron it may be diffe-

rent. Courting males provide conspecific females

with stimuli that may induce sexual receptivity. In

probably genuinely primitive groups (such as Ce-

rocephalinae) males stay in a caudal position

throughout, and a successful courter can thus per-

ceive the onset of receptivity immediately (it recei-

ves a tactile stimulus, the effect of the female’s

abdomen-raising). Pachyneurini males are small

enough, and the position on the female is enough

to the front to make a direct perception of recep-

tivity unlikely. The most effective strategy would

then be to make an inspection on the spot repe-

atedly, which is what Pachyneuron muscarum ma-

les do. However, males of other species, which

likewise lack a secondary signal, do produce a se-

quence of cycles before backing up. We have no idea

on what cues they might act.

We have argued that the Pachyneurini should be

separated from the Pteromalinae and be made a

sub-family in its own right. Judged by characteri-

stics of display behaviour, the Pteromalidae com-

prise an array of subfamilies which combine origi-

nal character states (e.g. Cerocephalinae,

Spalanginae), highly derived character states

(Pteromalinae s.s.), or intermediate conditions

(e.g. Miscogastrinae, Asaphinae). The Pachyneu-

rini belong to the latter category but they do not fit

into one of the existing subfamilies. The conspicu-

ous position of the females’ antennae offers no cues

(similar positions are observed in many groups

throughout the Chalcidoidae). The movements of

the males’ mouthparts do not provide cues either,

nor do characteristics of the respective repertoires.

For the time being the Pachyneurini should be kept

apart from other groups, awaiting a more profound

analysis of mutual relationships.

Pachyneurini 153

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Many colleagues sent us specimens for observa-

tions. Their help is greatly appreciated. We are

indebted to Drs. Z. Boutek (London) and M. W. R.

de V. Graham (Oxford) for identifications and dis-

cussions.

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APPENDIX

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard): Savannah Geor-

gia USA, on weevils in wheat stored in warehouse;

January 1971. Laboratory culture on Sitophilus.

Anogmus hohenheimensis (Ratzeburg): Oberstdorf

BRD, on cecidomyids in cones of Picea abies; January

1979.

Anogmus piceae (Ruschka): Kiental Switzerland, on

idem; August 1978.

Anogmus strobilorum Thomson: Oberstdorf BRD, on

idem; February 1977.

Anogmus vala (Walker): Oberstdorf BRD, on idem; Fe-

bruary 1977.

Caenasis lauta (Walker): Leiden The Netherlands, from

galls of Cyntps divisa; February 1986.

Cecidostiba semifascia (Walker): Mt Ventoux France,

from galls on Quercus spec.; August 1978.

Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker): Meyendel Wassenaar The

Netherlands, parasitic on a dipterous parasite of an

earwig inside stems of Asparagus spec.; April 1978;

laboratory culture on Calliphora.

Dibrachys cavus (Walker): Wageningen The Nether-

lands, from Apantheles pupae on Pieris spec.; March

1972.

Dinarmus basalis (Rondani): Slough England, from a

laboratory culture on Callosobruchus chinensis in be-

ans; May 1981.

Habrocytus bedeguaris Thomson: Bentheim BRD, from

galls on Rosa spec.; April 1974.

Habrocytus elevatus (Walker): Oberstdorf BRD, on try-

petids in flowerheads of Centaurea spec.; February

1978; Oegstgeest The Netherlands, on idem in flower-

heads of Arctia spec.; June 1978.

Habrocytus sequester (Walker): Wijster The Nether-

lands, from seedpods of Linaria vulgaris; September

1977.

Hobbya stenonota (Ratzeburg): Mt Ventoux France,

from galls on Quercus spec.; August 1978.

Hypopteromalus tabacum Ashmead: McNeil in litt 1974.

Lariophagus distinguendus (Forster): Leiden The Net-

herlands, obtained as an infection of our laboratory

culture of Sitophilus granarius on wheat.

Meraporus graminicola Walker: quoted by Barrass

(1976).

Mesopolobus rhabdophagae (Graham): Wassenaar The

Netherlands, from galls on Salix repens; July 1983.

Mesopolobus dubius (Walker): Antequera Spain, from

galls of Plagiotrochus on Quercus spec.; March 1978.

Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr): Antequera Spain,

idem.

Mesopolobus fasciiventris Westwood: Bunde The Net-

herlands, from galls of Pediaspis aceris on Acer; June

1974.

Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders Riverside Califor-

nia USA, obtained from laboratory cultures on Musca

domestica, details quoted in Kogan & Legner (1970).

Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner: idem.

Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner: idem; Septem-

ber 1975.

Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner: idem, as M.

raptor.

Nasonta vitripennis (Walker): Leiden The Netherlands,

on pupae of Calliphora spec; August 1971.

Nasonta spec. nov.: Rochester NY USA, from bird nests

in nestboxes; August 1987 (this species has long-

winged males).

Peridesmia discus (Walker): in Miller, White & Smith

(1973), and Miller in litt, 1974.

Psilonotus achaeus Walker: Meyendel Wassenaar The

Netherlands, from Semudobia galls on Betula spec.;

October 1976; Oberstdorf BRD, idem; March 1978;

's Graveland The Netherlands, idem; April 1985.

Psilonotus adamas Walker: Meyendel Wassenaar The

Netherlands, idem; August 1976.

Pteromalus puparum (L): Ales France, from chrysalids of

Pieris spec.; August 1971.

Pteromalus venustus Walker: Lethbridge Alberta Canada,

from pupae of Megachile rotundata; November 1974.

Stenomalina liparae (Walker): Leiden The Netherlands,

from galls of Lipara lucens in Phragmites spec. Janu-

ary 1971.

Trichomalopsis (Eupteromalus) micropterus (Linde-

mann): Oegstgeest The Netherlands, on drosophilids

in apple orchard, August 1986.

Trichomalopsis (Eupteromalus) spec. Riverside Califor-

nia USA, from a laboratory culture on Drosophila

spec. from locally collected material.

Trichomalopsis (Eupteromalus) tigasis (Walker): De

Lemmer The Netherlands, collected as adults on a

window; October 1973.

Trychnosoma punctipleura (Thomson): Oberstdorf

BRD, from cecidomyids in cones of Picea abies; Febru-

ary 1977.

Received: September 1988

Accepted: 9 January 1989

PHYLLOGOMPHOIDES INDICATRIX, A NEW DRAGONFLY FROM

MEXICO (ODONATA: GOMPHIDAE)

JEAN BELLE

ABSTRACT

Belle, J., 1989. Phyllogomphoides indicatrix, a new dragonfly from Mexico (Odonata: Gom-

phidae). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 155—157, figs 1-7. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published

3 July 1989.

Phyllogomphoides indicatrix spec. nov. from Mexico (state of Chiapas, Ixhuatan) is described

and illustrated after a unique male. Corrections on some earlier papers are provided as well.

Key words. — Gomphidae; Phyllogomphoides new species; Mexico.

J. Belle, Onder de Beumkes 35, 6883 HC Velp, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

In the State of Chiapas, Mexico, Dr. Rosser W.

Garrison collected a male of Phyllogomphoides

which he recognized as belonging to a new species.

He kindly offered me to describe it and for this

privilege I herewith wish to thank him very much.

In this paper I present a description and illus-

trations of this dragonfly under the name

Phyllogomphoides indicatrix, the specific name be-

ing suggested by Dr. Garrison himself.

The new taxon belongs to the semicircularis

species group (cf. Belle 1984), having the superior

anal appendages semicircular-forcipate. However,

it is very distinct from all other members of the

group in the form of the anterior genital hamule

which in complexity is nearest to that of Phyllo-

gomphoides pacificus (Selys). The thoracic colour

pattern resembles that of Phyllogomphoides sua-

sillus Donnelly by the well-developed (first and

second) pale antehumeral stripes and the (three)

pale lateral stripes.

Phyllogomphoides indicatrix spec. nov.

(figs. 1-7)

Holotype @: Mexico, State of Chiapas, Ixhuatan

(Teapa-Chiapa de Corzo Rd, 400 m), 26 September 1983,

R. W. Garrison leg. (National Museum of Natural His-

tory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.).

Description of male. — Measurements: total

length 60 mm; abdomen 45 mm (incl. appendages

155

3.1 mm); hind wing 36 mm; costal edge of ptero-

stigma in fore wing 4.5 mm.

Head: face brown with conspicuous pale (=

bright yellow) markings as follows: labrum with

two large pale lateral spots, base of mandibles and

genae pale, anteclypeus pale, and postclypeus with

two large pale lateral spots. Upper part of frons

basally dark brown, anteriorly with a broad bluish

grey band which is narrowed in middle. Vertex

dark brown, the depressed central area bright yel-

low. Occipital plate bright yellow with dark brown

borders.

Prothorax: dark brown but middle lobe with

a yellow spot on either lateral side and a yellow

middorsal twin-spot.

Pterothorax: dark brown with bright yellow an-

tehumeral stripes and greenish yellow lateral

stripes; its colour pattern shaped as shown in fig.

Legs: femora dark brown but inner sides of first

pair of femora greenish yellow. Tibiae, tarsi and

claws black.

Wings: slightly brown tinged, its venation black

but frontal margin of costae with a fine yellow

line. Pterostigma reddish dark brown. Basal sub-

costal cross-vein present. Discoidal triangles, sub-

triangles and supratriangles three-celled but sub-

triangle and supratriangle in left fore wing four-

celled. Nodal index 14:22—22:14/17:16—15:15.

Second primary antenodal cross-vein the seventh.

Intermedian cross-veins 12—10/7—8. Hind wings

156 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

width four-celled anal triangle, a three-celled anal

loop, six (left) and five (right) paranal cells, a

single row of five cells in second anal interspace but

in left hind wing with an extra small paranal cell,

and area posterior to Cu2 four (proximal) to five

(distal) cells wide.

Abdomen: dark colours on basal segments dark

brown, on other segments black. Pale colours on

basal segments greenish yellow, on other segments

yellow. Segment 1 pale on middorsum and lateral

sides. Segment 2 with pale auricles, a pale postero-

lateral spot, pale ventral tergal margins, and a pale

middorsal stripe which is rather broad and parallel-

side on the basal two-thirds and very narrow on the

apical third. Segments 3 and 4 with an interrupted

pale middorsal line and pale basal side spots. Seg-

ments 5 and 6 with pale basal spots on middorsum

and on sides. Segment 7 pale for its basal third and

along ventral tergal margins. Segment 8 pale on

proximal half of lateral dilatations; the greatest

width of these foliations about 0.3 mm. Segments

9 and 10 without pale markings. Superior appen-

dages brown-yellow but black on the basal fourth

and at tips of projections. Inferior appendage

brown. Accessory genitalia and anal appendages

shaped as shown in figs. 2—7.

ERRATA

I take the opportunity of publishing four correc-

tions of errors, noticed in some of my previous

papers.

1964. A new dragon fly of the genus Rhodopygia.

— Studies on the fauna of Suriname and

other Guyanas 7, p. 51. The legend of fig. 23

seminal vesicle should be “glans of penis”.

Figs. 1—7. Phyllogomphoides indicatrix spec. nov., holotype &: 1, thoracic colour pattern; 2, tenth abdominal segment

and appendages, dorsal view; 3, accessory genitalia, ventral view; 4, the same, right profile view; 5, anterior genital

hamule, right profile view; 6, the same, left profile view; 7, apical segments of abdomen and anal appendages, left

profile view.

BELLE: Phyllogomphoides 157

1972. Further studies on South American Gom-

phidae (Odonata). — Tijdschrift voor Ent-

omologie 115, p. 223. The legend of fig. 15

dentata should read “edentata”

1973. A revision of the New World genus

Progomphus Selys, 1854 (Anisoptera, Gom-

phidae). — Odonatologica 2, table 1 (p.

198). The type location of anomalus spec.

nov., MNHW should be “MZM”.

1988. A synopsis of the species Phyllocycla Cal-

vert, with descriptions of four new taxa and

a key to the genera of Neotropical Gomphi-

dae (Odonata, Gomphidae). — Tijdschrift

voor Entomologie 131, p. 96. The numbers

of the figures 74 and 75 should be interchan-

ged.

REFERENCE

Belle, J., 1984. A synopsis of the South American species

of Phyllogomphoides, with a key and descriptions of

three new taxa (Odonata, Gomphidae). — Tijdschrift

voor Entomologie 127: 79— 100, figs. 1—40.

Received: 11 October 1988

Accepted: 20 January 1989

EPIGOMPHUS CORNICULATUS, A NEW DRAGONFLY FROM

COSTA RICA (ODONATA: GOMPHIDAE)

JEAN BELLE

ABSTRACT

Belle, J., 1989. Epigomphus corniculatus, a new dragonfly from Costa Rica (Odonata: Gom-

phidae). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 158-160, figs. 1-6. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published

3 July 1989.

Epigomphus corniculatus is described from Costa Rica. The nearest relative of this species

is E. armatus Ris.

Key words. — Epigomphus; taxonomy; Costa Rica.

Dr. J. Belle, Onder de Beumkes 35, 6883 HC Velp, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

During his field work in Costa Rica, Mr Carlos

Esquivel of the Universitdad Nacional at Heredia

(Costa Rica) collected a male and two females of

an undescribed species of Epigomphus. He kindly

placed this material at my disposal, for description

and reporting, and for this privilege I herewith

wish to thank him very much.

The nearest relative is Epigomphus armatus Ris,

1918. Ris’ figure 93 is somewhat misleading. It

shows the male inferior anal appendage in an ob-

lique ventral view from the rear. In a strictly ven-

tral (or dorsal) view the posterior margin of the

inferior appendage is widely V-shaped with stout

branches (fig. 1). The male of the new taxon is

readily distinguished by the very widely U-shaped

posterior margin of the inferior appendage (fig.

2) while the corresponding female differs in hav-

ing the postocellar tubercles produced backward

to a pair of well-developed “horns” (fig. 4).

All figures have been drawn with the camera

lucida by the author. The details were added by

freehand.

Epigomphus corniculatus spec. nov.

(figs. 2-6)

Material. — Prov. Limón: Suretka, 23 April 1988, 16 1

2 (in cop.; holotype and allotype, respectively), 1 9

(somewhat teneral; paratype). All three specimens pre-

served dry in clear plastic envelopes. The holotype and

allotype are deposited in the Florida State Collection of

Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. The paratype is in the

Museo de Insectos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José.

158

Description of the male holotype (abdomen

broken between segments 2-4).

Measurements. Total length 54 mm; abdomen

(incl. app.) 41.5 mm; hind wing 34 mm; costal edge

of pterostigma of fore wing 3.3 mm.

Head. Dark brown with pale markings as fol-

lows. Genae green; labrum with a symmetric pair

of large, round, grey-green lateral spots; postcly-

peus with grey-green facial lobes; superior surface

of frons with an anterior grey band that is narrowly

interrupted in middle; vertex yellowish brown be-

tween each lateral ocellus and compound eye. Dor-

sal surface of occiput with two shallow transversely

elongated concavities occupying each of its lateral

two-fifths, and there is a development of an occip-

ital ridge which, however, is not fringed with hairs.

Prothorax. Dark brown, the middle lobe green-

yellow on sides and on middorsum.

Pterothorax. Dark brown with pale (= greyish

green) markings. Pale mesothoracic “half collar”

interrupted in middle and not connected with first

pale antehumeral stripe. Second pale antehumeral

stripe narrow but complete. Pale mesepimeral and

metepisternal stripes well-developed. Posterior to

the dark metapleural stripe the metepimeron is

pale except for an obscure brown area on center

line. Pectus pale.

Legs. Femora brown, the third pair blackish at

knees, the first and second pair blackish on outer

sides. Tibiae, tarsi and claws blackish brown. An-

tero-inferior row of spines on third tibiae consist-

ing of 10-11 modified spines, that of first and se-

BELLE:

Epigomphus corniculatus 159

Fig. 1. Epigomphus armatus Ris, 1918. Tenth abdominal segment and anal appendages of male, ventral view. — Figs

2-6. Epigomphus corniculatus spec. nov.: 2, tenth abdominal segment and anal appendages of male holotype, ventral

view; 3, vulvar lamina of female allotype, ventral view; 4, head of female allotype, dorsal view; 5, apical abdominal

segments and anal appendages of male holotype, dorsal view; 6, the same, left profile view.

cond joints of third tarsi also with modified spines.

Abdomen. Dark brown with pale (= green-yel-

low) markings on segments 1 to 8 as follows. Seg-

ments | and 2 pale on lateral sides and with a pale

middorsal stripe. Segments 3 to 6 with a pale basal

spot on each lateral side. Segments 3 and 4 with a

pale basal middorsal stripe. Segments 5 and 6 with

a small pale basal middorsal spot, the one on seg-

ment 6 much smaller than that on segment 5.

Segment 7 pale on basal two-thirds portion. Seg-

ment 8 with a small pale basal spot on each lateral

side. Abdomen narrow on segments 3 to 6, beco-

ming wider successively on apex of segment 7 and

on segments 8 to 10, being on segment 10 five

times as wide as on base of segment 7 (fig. 5).

Superior appendages somewhat longer than infe-

rior appendage, widely distended but not enough to

give a dorsal view of the inferior appendage. Apex

of each superior appendage rounded and crenula-

ted, the outer margin angled. Inferior appendage

with two widely separated slender branches, each

branch with a bifid apex, the mesal tooth small (fig.

2). Dorsal surface of inferior appendage with a

posterior pair of submedian humps and more ba-

sally with a pair of stout acute teeth.

Description of the female allotype (left hind

wing broken off, left anal appendage broken away).

Measurements. Total length 57 mm; abdomen

(incl. app.) 43 mm; hind wing 39 mm; costal edge

of pterostigma of fore wing 4.0 mm.

Coloration resembling that of male holotype but

pale colour on superior surface of frons consisting

of two widely separated anterior spots. Dark colour

of vertex and top of head reddish brown. Dark

colour of prothorax brown. Spines on outer row of

third femora widely spaced and in length about half

the diameter of femur. Abdominal segment 8 wit-

hout pale basal side spots. Abdominal segment 7

pale for slightly more than its basal half. Abdomen

160 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

becoming successively narrower on apical seg-

ments. Lamina supra-analis slightly shorter than

anal appendages, the latters about three-quarters

the length of segment 10. Vulvar lamina subtrian-

gular, reaching to a point about halfway the ninth

sternum, medially cleft for its apical three-fifths

(fig. 3).

Except for the pair of long post-ocellar “horns”

the most striking mating adaptations resemble

those of Epigomphus armatus as described by Cal-

vert, 1920 (page 342). There is a very deep pit on

the rear of the head behind each compound eye and

the top of the head (occiput) has a symmetric pair

of transversely elongated, submedian, dorsal pits.

The posterior margin of the occiput has a small but

distinct median excision (fig. 4) contrary to

Epigomphus armatus which has the rear margin

medially slightly concave. Each compound eye has

a striking large superior ocular scar near the angle

of the mesal margin of the eyes caused by the tips

of the branches of the male inferior appendage

during the copulation (the female paratype has not

such a pair of ocular scars apparently because, seen

the teneral condition of the specimen, it has not yet

paired).

REFERENCES

Calvert, P. P., 1920. The Costa Rican species of Epigom-

phus and their mutual mating adaptations (Odonata).

— Transactions of the American Entomological So-

ciety 46: 323-354, pls 13-15.

Ris, F, 1918. Libellen (Odonata) aus der Region der

amerikanischen Kordilleren von Costarica bis Cata-

marca. — Archiv für Naturgeschichte 82 (9): 1-197,

tabs 1, 2.

Received: 6 April 1989

Accepted: 12 April 1989

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

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TIJDSCHRIFT

VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie

A journal of systematic and evolutionary entomology since 1858

Editors: E. J. van Nieukerken and J. van Tol

Co-editors: C. van Achterberg and Mrs. S. A. Ulenberg.

Advisory board: M. Brancucci (Basel), Y. Hirashima (Fukuoka) and M. R. Wilson (London).

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INHOUD CONTENS

Alexey Diakonofi 1907 989 ake Lin in oi EEEN

Book review? Prater noe ans aante E PANI OE

Sy BrookswNewadragontliess(Odonata) trom Costallica PP PEER

L. Oudman, W. Landman & M. Duijm, Genetic distance in the genus Ephippiger (Ortho-

ptera, Nettigonioidea))— a recommaissamcel AR EE TE

Booksannouncementsyand "reviews A LO OE

W. Landman, L. Oudman & M. Duijm, Allozymic and morphological variation in

Ephippiger terrestris (Yersin, 1854) (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea) ..........

G. Baldizzone, A taxonomic review of the Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera) of China.......

Th. Heijerman & H. Turin, Carabid fauna of some types of forest in the Netherlands

(Eoleopteran@arabidae) serre ee tees IT

G. van Rossem, The genus Cryptus Fabricius, 1804 of the Canary Islands (Hymenoptera,

Ichinéumontdae) stee sn un ee ART CT LPS SR en

J. Belle, A revision of the New World genus Newraeschna Hagen, 1867 (Odonata: Aesh-

TGA EG) Mr ee Ain a ae eye ONE or MG Gb oc ooccoocvo

P. Kanaar, A new Saprinus from Irian Jaya (Coleoptera: Histeridae).................

Rectification [to Platel, The egg laying and larval development of Pholcus phalangoides]

Published 1 December 1989

ISSN 0040-7496

ALEXEY DIAKONOFF, 1907-1989

The editors of the Tijdschrift voor Entomologie

recently received the sad news that our former

editor, Dr A. N. Diakonoff, passed away at the age

of 82 on September the 20th, 1989. We share our

feelings of sadness with the Dutch Entomological

Society, of which he has been an active member for

very many years, and with his family, that so much

took part in his life as an entomologist.

Alexey Diakonoff was born in Saint Petersburg

(now Leningrad) in 1907 and experienced all the

miseries of a country going through a revolution.

In 1923, by a circuitous way, he was able to join his

parents who, according to plan, had reached the

Netherlands East Indies. There he finished his

elementary education and left for Amsterdam for

a university study in biology. As a trained entomol-

ogist, his thesis on Indo-Malayan Tortricidae com-

pleted, he returned to Java in 1939 to become an

entomologist at a research station of the sugar

plantations and industries. Just when he had ob-

tained, in 1941, a position of entomologist at the

Zoological Museum at Bogor, Java, fate, in the

shape of World War II, prisoner of war camps and

deportation, prevented him from starting a scien-

tific museum career. In 1945 he returned to The

Netherlands for recuperation, most of the time

staying at the Leiden Museum and working in the

Lepidoptera collection. In 1947 he returned to Bo-

gor, but not for long. The political situation

changed very rapidly and the future looked uncer-

tain. In 1951 he returned to The Netherlands to

become curator of Lepidoptera at the Rijksmuseum

van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden.

Back in The Netherlands he at once became an

active member of the Dutch Entomological Society.

Already at the summer meeting in June 1953 it was

reported that Diakonoff had joined the editorial

board of the Society publications. In fact the last

issue of 1952 of the “Tijdschrift” and the wrapper

of the completed volume carried his name. And

what is more, the journal changed in several as-

pects, in external appearance as well as in the

internal lay-out. First of all the “Tijdschrift” was

freed of the reports of the society s meetings and

the Annual Report, which from then on would be

published in the "Entomologische Berichten”. The

“Tijdschrift voor Entomologie” thus became a

scientific journal in its purest form. At the same

time the lay-out was modified. Distinct page head-

ings with the journal’s name on one page and a

running title of the article on the opposite page

161

Dr. Alexey Diakonoff in his working room, 1982.

Photo: E. L. M. van Esch.

were introduced. The size of the pages became

larger, a new letter-type (Times Roman) was se-

lected, indeed the whole format of the journal was

modernized. If one opens the 1953 volume one

recognizes the familiar make-up of recent decades,

which indeed stood its ground up till now. Each

page is proof of the strong preference Diakonoff

had for symmetry in the text. The only change

made was the recent shift to a two-column distri-

bution of the text, and that only for economical

reasons and not on aesthetic grounds, and after

Diakonoff had left the editorial board.

In 1953 there also appears an emblem on the

wrapper and title-page: Lycaena dispar batavus

Oberthiir, the Dutch subspecies of the Large

Copper, on top of a strongly enlarged egg of the

same species, surrounded by the name of the So-

ciety. The emblem was modified after the vignette

used at the occasion of the 9th International Con-

gress of Entomology at Amsterdam (1951). Al-

162 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

though we are not absolutely certain, we have a

strong feeling that Diakonoff had a firm hand in all

these developments, could convince the board with

his aesthetic arguments and obtained a mandate to

reshape the “Tijdschrift”.

In the early sixties Diakonoff plead for the crea-

tion of another series of publications, the "Mono-

grafieën van de Nederlandse Entomologische

Vereniging”. They were intended to serve as a

medium for longer articles, which otherwise would

surpass the size of a yearly volume of the Tijd-

schrift. In 1964 the first volume was published,

while in 1968 a monograph on the Dutch Tortri-

cidae, written by him in cooperation with Count

Bentinck, appeared as volume 3 of this series.

Many other papers by his hand appeared in our

journal, amidst a total of about 250 scientific pap-

ers, in which he - amongst others — described

hundreds of species and genera of Microlepidop-

tera, in particular from the Indonesian archipelago.

In 1970, at the occasion of the 125th anniversary

of the society, Diakonoff was granted the honorary

membership of the society because of his long and

highly appreciated efforts to improve upon the

international standing of the society s publications.

In 1974 he left editorship after more than twenty

years of service, because he wanted to devote all his

time to scientific work. His successors on the ed-

itorial board call themselves happy to have been

trained by him, to have received his lessons in the

printing trade, to have benefited from his long

experience. Modesty kept him from ever criticizing

our work on the later volumes, but we know he

followed all developments. He couldn't set aside

his interest in “his” Tijdschrift after so many years

of involvement, or could he?

Only two weeks before his death, Alexey Diako-

noff sent us a book review for publication in this

journal. Below we publish this review, apparently

one of Diakonoff's last manuscripts, as a homage

to this great predecessor of us.

P. J van Helsdingen (former editor)

E. J. van Nieukerken (editor)

BOOK REVIEW

Medvedev, G. S. (ed. ), 1987 [1988]. Keys to the Insects

of the European part of the U. S. S. R., vol. iv, Lepi-

doptera, part 1. - Published for the United States

Dept. of Agriculture and the National Sciences Foun-

dation, Washington, by Amerind Publ. Co., New

Delhi, xxvi + 991 pp, 578 figs. — Translated from

Russian by D. R. Sharma. - [Distributed by E. J. Brill,

Leiden, Netherlands, price US $ 97.50]

This book covers the most archaic groups of

Lepidoptera: the suborders Micro- and Macrojuga-

tae and several minor families of the suborder

Frenatae, including the economically so important

Tortricidae, 17 families in all, the other 16 being:

Micropterygidae, Eriocraniidae, Hepialidae, Nep-

ticulidae, Opostegidae, Tischeriidae, Heliozelidae,

Incurvariidae, Adelidae, Psychidae, Heterogynidae,

Limacodidae, Zygaenidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae and

Atychiidae. The species composition of the Euro-

pean part of the USSR is almost completely re-

viewed (about 1200 species). Identification keys are

(mostly) at the species level. Illustrations of the

genitalia of both sexes are given for all species,

with notes on morphology, biology and distribu-

tion of families and genera. Phenology and food

plants of most species are discussed. Finally bibli-

ography and indices of insect and hostplant names

conclude this book.

This important translation represents a part of

the Russian "Opredelitel” (=Keys) series, written

by leading specialists of the insect-fauna of the

European part of the USSR. The original series is

very popular among international Lepidopterists,

in spite of the barrier of the language. I even know

some colleagues, who taught themselves Russian,

in order to be able to read the text. Others acquired

the Russian edition, only to study the illustrations

of wing neuration and genitalia, and often also of

the wing pattern. Now that the language problem

is overcome, the translated edition will fill a most

important gap in the western bibliography on Le-

pidoptera.

[A. Diakonoff]

NEW DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) FROM COSTA RICA

STEPHEN J. BROOKS

ABSTRACT

Brooks, S. J., 1989. New dragonflies (Odonata) from Costa Rica. — Tijdschrift voor Entomo-

logie 132: 163-176, figs. 1-24. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 1989.

Palaemnema baltodanoi

(Platystictidae),

Philogenia

peacocki (Megapodagrionidae),

Phyllogomphoides burgosi and Epigomphus echeverrii (Gomphidae) are described from a

collection of Odonata made in Guanacaste National Park, north-west Costa Rica. A fifth new

species, Epigomphus houghtoni from eastern Costa Rica, is also recorded. The possible affinities

of the new species are discussed.

Key words. — Odonata, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, new species.

Mr. Stephen J. Brooks, Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History),

Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD

INTRODUCTION

This paper forms the first part of a larger project

to make an inventory of the Odonata of Guanacaste

National Park, in north-west Costa Rica, and ul-

timately to produce a field-guide to the dragonflies

of Costa Rica. Four of the five species described

below were part of a collection that I made in

Guanacaste National Park during July 1988. The

fitth species was collected by Mr. John Paul in

eastern Costa Rica and for convenience it is also

recorded here.

Most of the 700 km? of Guanacaste National

Park comprises tropical dry forest (Janzen 1986),

although all of the new species were collected in

the rain-forest covering the western slopes of two

volcanoes at the northern end of the Cordillera

de Guanacaste. Here there are many permanent

rivers and streams which support large assemb-

lages of Odonata. Some of these species are wide-

ranging throughout much of Mesoamerica but

some genera, and particularly those in which the

new species are described, include species which

have more restricted distributions. The odonate

fauna of Costa Rica is probably the best known

in all of Central America and comprises about 250

species (Paulson 1982). However, until I visited

Guanacaste National Park there had been no major

collection of Odonata on Volcan Orosi or Volcan

Cacao. Several of the species that I collected on

the volcanoes, such as Erpetogomphus tristani Cal-

vert, Perigomphus pallidistylus (Belle), Neocor-

163

dulia batesi longipolex Calvert and Argia rogersi

Calvert, had rarely been collected before. Of a total

of 15 species collected on Volcan Cacao, three were

undescribed. Therefore, it is possible that the new

species are endemic to the river systems on the

volcanoes or are at least restricted to the surviving

remnants of upland rain-forest in the northern

part of the country.

TAXONOMY

Palaemnema baltodanoi sp.n.

(figs. 1—5)

Material examined. — Holotype @: Costa Rica, Gua-

nacaste Province, SW side Volcan Cacao, Estacion Mengo,

1100 m, July 1988, S. J. Brooks. Paratypes 14 6, 3 2:

same data as holotype. Holotype and paratypes deposited

in BMNH.

Description of male holotype.

Head: width across eyes 4.7 mm. Eyes dark

brown in life. Labrum pale blue with black stripe

across anterior margin; base of mandible pale blue;

gena pale blue; anteclypeus pale blue; postclypeus

black; frons and area between eye and antenna

from lateral ocellus to gena metallic dark blue;

vertex black with small pale brown spot adjacent

to lateral ocellus; occiput black; labium pale brown.

Prothorax: anterior lobe apple green, black me-

dially; propleuron black; median lobe with large

apple green lateral spot; posterior lobe black.

164 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 1—5. Palaemnema baltodanoi sp.n. — 1, Pterothorax, left lateral view. 2, Male anal appendages and apex of

abdomen, dorsal view. 3, Male anal appendages and apex of abdomen, lateral view. 4, Penis, ventral view. 5, Female

apex of abdomen, lateral view.

BROOKS:

Pterothorax (fig. 1): bronze-black on dorsum

with narrow (width 10% of episternum 2) apple

green antehumeral stripe extending from collar

carina to within 10% of antealar carina; mesepi-

meron black in dorsal half, apple green below, this

pale area tapering anteriorly with broad black

stripe adjacent to antealar carina; metepisternum

apple green in dorsal half, black ventrally; metepi-

meron apple green, becoming pale yellow ven-

trally, with narrow black stripe adjacent to second

lateral suture.

Legs: white with black stripe on dorsum of

femur and fore tibia; coxa white; tarsus black.

Wings: hyaline with yellow-brown suffusion

along costal margin, darkest at apex. Venation

black. Pterostigma red-brown with narrow pale

border; 1.4 mm in fore wing, 1.7 mm in hind wing;

2-2.5 cells below pterostigma in fore wing, 1.75 in

hind wing. 25 postnodals in fore wing, 20-22 in

hind wing. R’ arises at 8th postnodal in fore wing,

7th in hind wing.

Measurements: hind wing 28.0 mm; 5.0 mm at

greatest width.

Abdomen: black with the following pale yellow

ventro-lateral markings: $1 with large square spot;

S2 with longitudinal stripe, tapering apically, in

basal three-quarters; S3-S7 with tapering longi-

tudinal stripe in basal quarter; S8 with rounded

spot in basal quarter; S9-S10 unmarked. Penis fil-

ament tips (fig. 4) form A of Calvert (1931).

Superior appendages (figs. 2-3): black; about

same length as inferiors, three times as long as S10;

parallel in basal half, converging apically with

short, blunt submedian (53% of length) tooth on

inner dorsal margin; appendage abruptly widened

ventrally at 70% of length with ventral margin of

this portion straight; apex straight.

Inferior appendages (figs. 2-3): black with white

ventro-lateral subapical spot; diverging basally but

strongly incurved in apical 20%, this latter section

with transverse ridges on inner surface; abruptly

constricted at apex to give short, curled apical

tooth; ventral margin with slight swelling present

just proximal to apical tooth; short, blunt, apically

projecting tooth present on inner margin at 25%

of length; dorsum of basal 25% concave; in lateral

view appendage angled dorsally at about 45°.

Measurements: total length 47.5 mm; abdomen

39.5 mm (including appendages 1.3 mm).

Description of female.

As male except the following:

Prothorax: pale markings dull yellow-green.

Pterothorax: pale markings dull yellow-green,

mesepimeron entirely black.

Dragonflies from Costa Rica 165

Wings: hind wing 26.0-27.5 mm. Pterostigma

1.4 mm in fore wing, 1.5 mm in hind wing; 25-27

postnodals in fore wing, 21-23 in hind wing.

Abdomen: pale markings yellow-brown, trian-

gular, broader and shorter than in male; S9 with

large lateral blue-grey spot in basal two-thirds ex-

tending dorsally in basal half. Ovipositor extending

0.4 mm beyond apex of abdomen; straight ven-

trally, untoothed (fig. 5).

Anal appendages: short, conical, 0.4 mm in

length.

Measurements: total length 40.5-44.0 mm; ab-

dominal length 32.5-36.0 mm.

Variation in male paratypes. — Total length

43.0-55.0 mm; hind wing 25.5-30.5 mm; pteros-

tigma 1.2-1.4 mm; fore wing postnodals 24-27.

Antehumeral stripe sometimes longer than in hol-

otype but never confluent with antealar carina.

Habits. — All specimens were collected over the

riffle reach of a shallow, narrow stream on a steep

incline in densely shaded rain-forest. Their dark

coloration made them difficult to locate in the

gloom. Specimens were numerous and were the

commonest odonate at the locality. Other species

present were Cora chirripa Calvert, Hetaerina ma-

juscula Selys, Philogenia peacocki sp.n.,

Epigomphus sp. indet. and Brechmorhoga rapax

Calvert.

The species was reluctant to fly and was usually

encountered hanging from the leaves and branches

of trees and bushes adjacent to the stream from

which they could be removed by hand. The flight

was weak, slow and of short duration. Two males

were seen to display to one another. A perched

male took off and confronted a second male which

had attempted to land on the same perch. Both

hovered at a height of about 1 m facing each other,

with the pale blue clypeal stripe clearly visible,

slowly moving backwards and forwards in unison

keeping about 0.3 m apart. After about one minute

the intruder retired and the first male returned to

the perch. Females were never seen in tandem with

males but were found perching nearby.

Remarks. — Paulson (1982) lists 17 species of

Palaemnema from Central America of which seven

are known from Costa Rica. There is a high degree

of endemism with six of the seven Costa Rican

species being endemics. Typically these species in-

habit shady streams in dense forest although the

more widely distributed species occur in more

open, lowland localities.

Males of Palaemnema baltodanoi sp.n. can be

166 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 6-9 Philogenia peacocki sp.n., male holotype. — 6, Pterothorax right lateral view. 7, Anal appendages, ventral

view. 8, Apex of abdomen and anal appendages, interno-dorsal view. 9, Apex of abdomen and anal appendages, lateral

view.

BROOKS:

distinguished from most of the other species in the

genus by the lack of blue markings at the apex of

the abdomen. Also, the abrupt median swelling of

the ventral margin of the superior appendages is

distinctive since in most species this gradually wid-

ens. In the keys to the genus provided by Calvert

(1931) the new species comes out to apicalis Cal-

vert. However, unlike baltodanoi, there is no an-

tehumeral stripe in apzcalis and the medio-dorsal

tooth of the superior appendage is not as promi-

nent in lateral view. The apical tooth of the inferior

appendage in apicalis is long and abruptly curved

dorsally (like a hairpin) to form a narrow dorsal

notch but in baltodanoz it is shorter, more rounded

and curves inwards with no notch on the dorsal

margin. The inferior margin of the superior ap-

pendage, where it expands in the apical half, is not

angulate in apicalis and is narrower than in

baltodanoi. At the apex of the penis filament there

is a basal lobe in apicalis which is absent in

baltodanoi.

The anal appendages of baltodanoi are similar

morphologically to P pazlirica Calvert and

distadens Calvert and in particular there is a swel-

ling on the ventral margin of the inferior appen-

dage just proximal to the apical hook in both

distadens and baltodanoi. However, paulirica

differs from baltodanoi in possessing a slight in-

vagination at the apex of the superior appendages

and in distadens the apical tooth on the inferiors

is not curled. The thoracic markings of baltodanoi

are also similar to distadens but in distadens and

paulirica the abdominal segments 8 and 9 are

marked blue dorsally.

This species is named in honour of Sr Jorge

Baltodano who very kindly allowed his ranch to be

purchased by Guanacaste National Park.

Philogenia peacocki sp. n.

(figs. 6—9)

Material examined. — Holotype &: Costa Rica, Gua-

nacaste Province, SW side Volcan Cacao, Estacion Mengo,

1100 m, July 1988, S. J. Brooks. Paratype @: Costa Rica,

Puntarenas Province, Monteverde, Rio Guacimal and

small streams in biological reserve, 1600 m, 7 June 1986,

T. W. Donnelly. Holotype deposited in BMNH, paratype

in Donnelly collection.

Description of male holotype.

Head: width across eyes 6.7 mm. Eyes black in

life. Labrum pale blue; base of mandible pale blue;

gena pale blue; anteclypeus and postclypeus black;

frons black with small pale blue spot below scape;

vertex black with pale blue spot between lateral

ocellus and eye; labium and occiput black.

Dragonflies from Costa Rica 167

Prothorax: anterior lobe with blue medio-lateral

spot; median lobe with large blue lateral spot; pos-

terior lobe with small blue lateral spot.

Pterothorax (fig. 6): azure blue with the follow-

ing black markings: broad antehumeral stripe ex-

tending over dorsal carina; small spot at posterior

end of humeral suture; narrow black stripe adjacent

to antealar carina with short stripe extending onto

first and second lateral suture; katepisternum 2

black; broad black stripe at anterior end of mese-

pimeron; katepisternite 3 black. Minute blue spots

on antealar sinus. Notum of thorax with pale

blue/grey pruinescence.

Legs: femur blue with black stripe on posterior

side; tibia and tarsus black with pale brown stripe

on posterior side of mid and hind leg.

Wings: hayline with yellow-brown suffusion es-

pecially around margins. Venation black. Pteros-

tigma dark reddish brown, 2.2 mm in fore wing, 2.5

mm in hind wing. 24-25 postnodals in fore wing,

22-23 in hind wing. 4-5 cells below pterostigma;

R’ arises between 10th and 11th postnodal in fore

wing, between 8th and 9th in hind wing.

Measurements: hind wing 34 mm, greatest

width 6 mm.

Abdomen: black with the following markings:

S1 with broad lateral blue spot, S2-S7 with small

blue oval baso-lateral spot and yellowish tapering

stripe in basal quarter; blue-grey pruinosity on dor-

sum and laterally on S1-S2 and S9-S10.

Superior appendages (figs. 7-9): black with dor-

sal blue-grey pruinosity; strongly convergent in

dorsal view; apical half downcurved in lateral view;

meso-ventral process absent; apex swollen with

shallow median indentation.

Inferior appendages (figs. 7-9): 0.7 times length

of superiors; parallel not diverging; strongly curv-

ing dorsally in lateral view, tapering to blunt apex

with a small subapical notch; setose, dorsally pro-

jecting, basal tubercle present.

Measurements: total length 51 mm; abdomen

40.5 mm (including anal appendages 1.4 mm).

Female unknown.

Variation in paratype. — 25-26 postnodals in

fore wing; 23-24 postnodals in hind wing. Hind

wing 36 mm, 6.5 mm at widest. Total length 55

mm; abdomen 42 mm. When viewed laterally the

internal apical lobe of the superor appendages ex-

tends further ventrad. The superiors, on the in-

terno-dorso-lateral margin, have a more promi-

nent lobe just proximal of the ventral expansion.

The subapical tooth on the inferiors is smaller. In

dorsal view, the median dog-leg curve of the infe-

rior appendage is more angulated.

168 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Habits. — The holotype was perched on the

branch of a bush at about 2 m, overhanging a riffle

reach on a narrow (1 m), shallow (0.2 m) stream

in densely shaded rain-forest. It was the only spec-

imen seen.

Remarks. — Six species of Philogenia are known

from Central America of which three occur in

Costa Rica (Bick & Bick 1988, May 1989). Only one

of these is endemic to the country but the other two

species occur only in Costa Rica and Panama. In

fact, as Bick & Bick (1988) point out, only one of

the 28 known species of Philogenia has anything

like a widespread distribution. The distribution of

the genus is centred on northern South American

with Costa Rica being its northern limit.

The new species belongs to the helena (Hagen)-

group of species (Bick & Bick 1988). It seems clos-

est to P. berenice Higgins, described from Peru, but

the superior appendages are relatively longer and

more abruptly downcurved in berenice and the

meso-ventral process is broader in the latter spe-

cies. The inferior appendages of berenice lack the

ventral cavity and dorso-basal tubercle, although

the dorso-basal ridge is more developed. In addi-

tion, at the apex of the inferior appendages of

berenice are a pair of small, subequal tubercles,

rather than a subapical notch which is present in

peacocki.

This species is named in honour of Mr. Harold

Peacock who very kindly allowed his ranch to be

purchased by Guanacaste National Park.

Phyllogomphoides burgosi sp.n.

(figs. 10—13)

Material examined. — Holotype 9: Costa Rica, Alaju-

ela Province, 8 km S Santa Cecilia, Estacion Pitilla, 680

m, July 1988, S. J. Brooks. Holotype deposited in BMNH.

Male: Unknown.

Description of female holotype.

Head (fig. 10): width across eyes 10.2 mm. Eyes

blue-grey in life. Labrum black with medio-lateral

yellow-green spot; mandible black, yellow-green at

base; gena brown with small yellow-green ventral

spot; anteclypeus yellow-green; postclypeus brown

with yellow-green lateral spot; frons brown with

prominent lateral, dorsally projecting horn 2.8 mm

in height, 1.5 mm wide at base, 0.4 mm at apex;

horn brown with pale yellow-green stripe on inner

and front surface and tuft of short, posteriorly

projecting setae at apex; vertex red-brown with

steep M-shaped ridge behind lateral ocelli; dorsum

of occiput dark brown with shallow median depres-

sion and fringe of long setae on upturned posterior

margin; occiput red-brown with shallow groove

extending from occipital tubercle to sinus of pre-

mandibular suture, crossed at right angles by nu-

merous short striae.

Prothorax: red-brown with yellow lateral spot

on anterior lobe, yellow median and lateral spot on

middle lobe.

Pterothorax (fig. 11): red-brown with the fol-

lowing yellow markings: narrow stripe on dorsal

carina; collar carina with broad stripe; antehumeral

stripe short and narrow; humeral stripe broaden-

ing posteriorly; broad mesepimeral stripe; metep-

isternal stripe broad, interrupted at spiracle with

isolated spot anterior of spiracle; katepisternite

with large spot; metepimeral stripe narrowly mar-

gined with brown; sternites with median stripe.

Legs: tibia and tarsus black; femur yellow-brown

but fore femur black on outer surface.

Wings: hyaline with amber suffusion around

veins, becoming darker at wing base. Venation

black. Pterostigma dark red-brown, 5.4 mm in fore

wing, 5.9 mm in hind wing. Basal subcostal cross-

vein present. Nodal index 17 : 25 : 23 : 16/15 : 18

: 18 : 17. Secondary primary antenodal 8th or 9th

crossvein in fore wing, 8th in hind wing. Inter-

median crossveins 14 : 13/11 : 10. Supratriangle

2-celled in fore wing, 2-3 celled in hind wing.

Discoidal triangle 3-celled; subtriangle 3-celled.

One cubitoanal crossvein in all wings. Anal loop

3-celled.

Measurements; hind wing 47 mm, greatest

width 12 mm.

Abdomen: black with the following yellow

markings: Sl dorsum with small medio-apical spot

and lateral spot in ventral half; S2 dorsum with

basal T-shaped marking extending to second car-

ina, laterally with spot in ventral half; S3 with

lateral semicircular spot almost extending to trans-

verse carina, dorsum marked with fine mid-dorsal

stripe broadening slightly at base; S4 marked dor-

sally with small basal spot and laterally with small

dome-shaped spot terminating before transverse

carina; SS-S6 marked similarly to S4 but spots

progressively smaller; S7 with basal band extend-

ing to transverse carina; S8 with wedge-shaped

medio-ventral lateral spot and minute isolated spot

beyond apex of wedge; S9-S10 unmarked. Folia-

tions absent. Vulvar scale (fig. 12) broadly U-

shaped, arms broad with small apical tubercle, 0.56

mm in length.

Anal appendages (fig. 13): black in basal 0.15%

then yellow, lanceolate with black tip.

Measurements: total length 70 mm; abdomen 51

mm (including anal appendages 3.1 mm).

BROOKS:

Dragonflies from Costa Rica 169

Figs. 10—13, Phyllogomphoides burgosi sp.n., female holotype. — 10, Head, lateral view. 11, Pterothorax, right lateral

view. 12, Vulvar scale, ventral view. 13, Apex of abdomen, lateral view.

Habits. — The specimen was collected flying in

rain-forest over a narrow slow-flowing, shaded

stream and was the only specimen seen.

Remarks. — A total of ten species of

Phyllogomphoides have been recorded from Cen-

tral America (Paulson 1982) of wich four are

known from Costa Rica. Most of the Central Amer-

can species are quite widespread and only three are

restricted to just one country. None of the pre-

viously described species is restricted to Costa Rica

but P. appendiculatus Kirby occurs only in Costa

Rica and Panama.

The new species appears to belong to the

bifasciatus (Hagen)-group (Donnelly 1979) in

which the vulvar scale is simple without lateral

spines or protrusions. It is apparently related to the

Trinidadian species P. cornutifrons (Needham)

which is the only other known Phyllogomphoides

species to have frontal horns in females. However,

in P. cornutifrons the frontal horns are much more

slender and elongate, and the branches of the vul-

var scale are more rounded apically than in the new

species. In addition P. burgosi is considerably larger

than cornutifrons. Although the male of burgost is

still unknown there can be little doubt concerning

the identity of the species because of the possession

of the extraordinary frontal horns. I feel that it is

justifiable to describe the species based on a single

female specimen in order to draw attention to the

existence of second Phyllogomphoides species

with frontal horns.

Of the Central American species only the female

of P. pugnifer Donnelly is unknown. However, this

170 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 14—17. Epigomphus echeverrii sp.n., male holotype. — 14, Pterothorax, right lateral view. 15, Apex of abdomen

and anal appendages, dorsal view. 16, Left anal appendages, interno-caudal view (right appendages not shown). 17,

Apex of abdomen and anal appendages, lateral view.

BROOKS:

species is considerably smaller than burgosi and the

male pterothoracic markings differ. In pugnifer the

antehumeral stripe is confluent with the stripe

near the collar carina and the humeral and mesep-

imeral stripes are narrower than in burgost.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Mario

Burgos who very kindly allowed his ranch to be

purchased by Guanacaste National Park.

Epigomphus echeverrii sp. n.

(figs. 14—21)

Material examined. — Holotype @: Costa Rica, Gua-

nacaste Province, SW side Volcan Cacao, Estacion Mengo,

1100 m, July 1988, S. J. Brooks. Paratypes 1 8, 2 9 data

same as holotype; 1 ® Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province,

W side of Volcan Orosi, Estacion Maritza, 600 m, July

1988, S. J. Brooks. All specimens deposited in BMNH.

Description of male holotype.

Head: width across eyes 8.1 mm. Eyes turquoise

in life. Labrum black; base of mandible yellow with

small brown basal spot; gena pale blue; anteclypeus

and postclypeus brown; frons brown anteriorly,

pale blue-green dorsally with narrow basal and

broad median brown stripe; vertex and dorsum of

occiput dark brown; labium and occiput pale blue-

green.

Prothorax: dark brown with small lateral, me-

dian and anterior blue-green spots on median lobe.

Pterothorax (fig. 14): black with the following

pale blue-green markings: stripe adjacent and pa-

rallel to collar carina; short, narrow antehumeral

stripe; two elongate humeral spots close to hu-

meral suture, one near anterior suture, the second

near the antealar carina; narrow mesepimeral

stripe; metepisternal stripe interrupted posteriorly

leaving small isolated spot near antealar carina;

metepimeron with broad stripe concurrent poste-

riorly with narrow ventral stripe.

Legs: tibia and tarsus black, femur dark brown,

paler on posterior edge and internal face of fore

femur yellow-green. Hind leg with spines on outer

row of tibia and first two tarsal segments short,

thick, rounded apically; apical spines on outer edge

of fore tibia elongate.

Wings: hyaline with yellowish tinge. Venation

black. Pterostigma dark red-brown, 3.5 mm in fore

wing, 4.0 mm in hind wing. Basal subcostal cross-

vein present. Nodal index 16 : 20 : 20 : 16/16 : 15

: 15 : 16. Second primary antenodal 8th crossvein

in fore wing, 7th in hind wing. Intermedian cross-

veins 7 : 8/4 : 5. Supratriangle one-celled. Discoidal

triangle free in left fore wing, crossed in other

wings; subtriangle free. 3-4 cubitoanal crossveins

Dragonflies from Costa Rica AL

in fore wing, 3 in hind wing. Hind wing with 5

paranal cells, 4 postanal cells, 4 rows of cells pos-

terior to Cu.

Measurements: hind wing 36 mm, greatest

width 9.5 mm.

Abdomen: black with the following pale blue-

green markings: S1 pale laterally; S2 with narrow

mid-dorsal stripe, pale laterally; S3 with narrow

mid-dorsal stripe and lateral spot in basal three-

quarters; S4-S6 with narrow dorsal band at base of

each segment, and lateral spot tapering to trans-

verse carina; S7 entirely pale in basal two-thirds;

S8-S9 unmarked; S10 pale brown in basal half,

darker apically with tapering ventral spot.

Anal appendages (figs. 15-17): black; superior

appendages triangular in cross-section, about three

times as long as broad when viewed dorsally, 1.8

times as long as broad when viewed laterally, bif-

urcate apically, outer branch bending laterally tap-

ering to narrow point, inner branch curving ven-

trally with blunt apex; inferior appendage 0.6 mm

longer than superiors, deeply bifurcate with

branches divergent at base, parallel in apical half,

apices of branches with a pair of short upturned

teeth, base of branches with transverse ridge, ter-

minating in low dorsal projection at each end, outer

projection elongate, inner projection short, broad

with numerous apical setae.

Measurements: total length 58.4 mm; abdomen

43.8 mm (including anal appendages 2.4 mm).

Description of female.

As male except: head (figs. 18-19), width across

eyes 9.4 mm. Labrum dark brown with black ante-

rior margin; vertex with pair of large ovate plates

projecting beyond posterior margin of head; occi-

put with sinuous transverse groove extending from

postocciput to sinus in premandibular suture, this

groove crossed at right angles by several short,

shallow striae and about halfway along groove is

low, rounded projection (fig. 19).

Pterothorax: pale lateral stripes yellower than

male.

Legs: femur almost entirely yellow-brown. Setae

on tibia and tarsus of hind legs unmodified.

Wings: hyaline with yellowish suffusion at base

and in antenodal area. Pterostigma 4.4 mm in fore

wing, 4.7 mm in hind wing. Nodal index 13 : 20 :

19 : 15/14 : 15 : 15 : 13. Second primary antenodal

crossvein seventh crossvein in all wings. Interme-

dian crossveins 6 : 6/4 : 4. Discoidal triangle free.

All wings with 3 cubitoanal crossveins. Hind wing

with 3 postanal cells.

Measurements: hind wing 40.5 mm, 10.5 mm at

greatest width.

172 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 18—21. Epigomphus echeverr sp.n., female. — 18, Head, dorsal view. Note puncture marks near inner margin

of eyes. 19, Right eye, rear view. 20, Vulvar scale, ventral view. 21, Apex of abdomen, lateral view.

BROOKS:

Abdomen: black with yellow-green markings; S3

with lateral pale marking narrowing beyond trans-

verse carina; S7 pale only in basal third; S10 en-

tirely black; abdomen with greyish pruinesence

ventrally. Vulvar scale (fig. 20) narrowly V-shaped

with narrow arms, 0.78 mm in length. Dried ova

ovate, 0.52 X 0.3 mm.

Anal appendages (fig. 21) lanceolate.

Measurements: total length 62 mm; abdomen 41

mm (including anal appendages 1.4 mm).

Variation in paratypes. — Labrum with postero-

lateral blue-green spot and antero-lateral lobes of

postclypeus black in male. Wings with distinct

amber suffusion in male and females, possibly

older specimens.

Habits. — I collected two males and one female

near Estacion Mengo by the riffle reach of a shallow

stream in semi-shaded rain-forest with a broken

canopy. They were flying in the company of

Epigomphus subobtusus Selys and were quite com-

mon at the locality while the sun was shining but

disappeared when it became overcast. In flight the

males characteristically curved the apical segments

of the abdomen ventrally. Like other Epigomphus

species, the males frequently perched on low horiz-

ontal sticks at the edge of the stream and flew close

to the surface of the water. The female was seen

flying low over the stream in a pool of sunlight.

The other Mengo female was collected at the side

of a track ina field cleared of trees about 2 km from

the edge of the forest. The insect was perched in

long grass, probably sheltering from the wind

which was blowing very strongly at the time, and

may have been blown there from the forest. The

Maritza female was discovered dead in the web of

an orb-web spider next to a riffle reach on a large

river in forest with broken canopy.

In all three females there was damage to the

inner dorsal margin of the eyes (fig. 18) which was

probably inflicted by the apical spines on the infe-

rior appendages of males during mating. These

mating marks or ocular cicatrices are usually super-

ficial in Odonata (Dunkle 1979) but more exten-

sive damage has been described in species of

Ophiogomphus (Dunkle 1984) and in three species

of Epigomphus (Calvert 1920). In the three fe-

males of E. echeverrii the ocular cicatrices took the

form of at least two rounded holes which had some-

times coalesced to form a longitudinal groove. The

spines at the apex of the inferior appendage in

males of echeverrii are positioned transversely

about 0.5 mm apart but the holes in the eyes are

situated one above the other about 0.2 mm apart.

Dragonflies from Costa Rica 173

This suggests that the hole in the eye was caused

by only the outer spine of the inferior appendage

and that the inner spine fits into the depression in

the vertex lobe between the lateral ocellus and the

outer lateral margin of the lobe. In one female

specimen a hole had been punctured in the vertex

lobe in this position. The presence of more than

one hole in each eye implies that each female had

mated at least twice.

Remarks. — Twelve species of Epigomphus

have been recorded from Central America (Paul-

son 1982, Donnelly 1986) of which seven occur in

Costa Rica, five as endemics. Most of the species

have a limited distribution and are confined to

forested streams.

Although none of the female specimens was

collected zn copula with a male, it is very likely that

they are conspecific since the pterothoracic mark-

ings of both sexes are very similar. Also, one of the

females was coliected flying on the same stretch of

stream at the two males where the only other

Epigomphus species was subobtusus. Females of

subobtusus do not possess the large plates on the

vertex which are characteristic of echeverri. Addi-

tionally, the females here described do not resem-

ble the females of E. armatus Ris or E. tumefactus

Calvert which were the only other species of

Epigomphus collected during my stay in Guana-

caste National Park. The females are unknown in

E. clavatus Belle, E. pechumani Belle and E. paul-

soni Belle but none of these species has been re-

corded from Costa Rica and the pterothoracic

markings are different from echeverru.

Epigomphus echeverrii sp.n. is probably closely

related to the crepidus-pechumani-subsimilis

group of species, all of which have broad superior

appendages which bifurcate apically and long, nar-

row, deeply bifurcate inferiors which project

beyond the apex of the superiors and bear a pair of

short teeth at the apex of each branch. However,

in all the latter species, unlike echeverri, one of the

teeth at the apex of the branches of the inferior

appendage is positioned slightly subapically. E.

echeverrii differs from subsimilis Calvert in which

the branches of the inferior appendages are rela-

tively short and the outer apical projection of the

superior appendage curls ventrally. E. pechumani

Belle has a basal internal spine on the superiors,

which is absent in echeverri, and the inner apical

fork is toothed. In addition, the inferiors are shor-

ter than those of echeverrii. In crepidus Kennedy

the outer apical branch of the superior appendage

is very short and blunt and, although the inferiors

are morphologically similar to echeverri, the inner

174 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 22-24. Epigomphus boughtoni sp.n., male holotype. — 22, Pterothorax, rigth lateral view. 23, Apex of abdomen

and anal appendages, lateral view. 24, Inferior appendage, dorsal view.

tooth at the apex of the branch of the inferiors is

about twice the length of the outer and the apex is

more acutely pointed. Although some specimens of

crepidus have two antehumeral stripes, in other

individuals the lower stripe is interrupted medially

as it is in echeverrit.

The females of E. echeverrii are easily distin-

guished from other species in the genus by the

large flattened lobes on the vertex which project

considerably from the rear of the head. There are

no similar structures in any of the species of the

genus in which the females are known. In females

of crepidus and subsimilis (the female of

pechumani is unknown) there is a longitudinal

groove adjacent to the lateral ocellus and a pair of

small tubercles on the vertex.

This species is named in honour of Sr Gustavo

Echeverri who very kindly donated his ranches to

the Guanacaste National Park.

Epigomphus houghtoni sp.n.

(figs. 22—24)

Material examined. — Holotype: 4, Costa Rica,

Limon, Siquirres, 5.iv.1988. J. Paul. Holotype deposited in

BMNH.

Description of male holotype.

Head: width across eyes 7.8 mm. Colour of eyes

BROOKS:

in life unknown (probably blue). Labrum black

with postero-lateral yellow-green spot and small

pale brown median spot; base of mandibles yellow-

green; genae yellow-green; postclypeus dark

brown, marked black medially and on antero-lat-

eral lobes; frons dark brown anteriorly, pale yel-

low-green dorsally with basal and median black

stripe; vertex and occiput black; labium and back of

eyes yellow-green.

Prothorax: black with median and lateral pale

green spot on middle lobe.

Pterothorax (fig. 22): black dorsally, dark brown

laterally; marked dorsally with pale green trans-

verse stripe adjacent to collar carina, short pale

green antehumeral stripe and pale green posterior

spot positioned between antehumeral stripe and

humeral suture; marked laterally with narrow yel-

low mesepimeral stripe, yellow metepisternal

stripe broad anteriorly narrowing posteriorly,

metepimeron almost entirely yellow with narrow

brown stripe adjacent to posterior half of second

lateral suture and ventral brown stripe in anterior

half.

Legs: almost entirely dark brown-black with pale

brown stripe on posterior side of femur. Hind leg

with spines on outer row of tibia and first two

tarsal segments short, thick, rounded apically.

Wings: membrane hyaline with slight yellow-

brown suffusion at base of wings and along poste-

rior margin of hind wing. Venation black. Ptero-

stigma dark reddish brown, 3.7 mm in fore wing,

4.2 mm in hind wing. Basal subcostal crossvein

present. Nodal index 15 : 19: 18: 14/14: 13 : 14

: 14. Second primary antenodal crossvein seventh

in fore wing and hind wing. Intermedian cross-

veins 5-6/3-3. Supratriangle one celled. Discoidal

and sub-triangle uncrossed. 3-4 cubitoanal cross-

veins in fore wing, 2 in hind wing. Hind wing with

5 paranal cells, 3 postanal cells, 3 rows of cells

posterior of Cu.

Measurements: hind wing 34.5 mm, greatest

width 9.5 mm.

Abdomen: dark brown with the following yellow

markings: Sl and S2 with narrow medio-dorsal

stripe and entirely yellow laterally; S3 with narrow

median dorsal stripe restricted to basal half, large

lateral spot in lower half occupying basal three-

quarters of segment; Sá-S6 with lateral spot in

lower half of segment extending to lateral carina

and small mid-dorsal basal spot; S7 entirely yellow

in basal two-thirds; S8-S9 with small spot on baso-

lateral membrane; S10 marked with tapering ven-

tral spot.

Anal appendages (fig. 23-24): black; superior

appendages rectangular, about 2% times as long as

Dragonflies from Costa Rica 175

broad, dorsal edge cuving ventrally in apical half

with seven short teeth on ventro-apical margin;

inferior appendage with dorso-basal depression;

deeply bifurcate; each branch with low medio-dor-

sal ridge and small median spine in shallow depres-

sion; apices hooked and curving inwards.

Measurements: total length 53.6 mm; abdomen

39.5 mm (including anal appendages 2.7 mm)

Remarks. — E. houghtoni belongs to the largest

species group in Epigomphus all of which have the

superior appendages rounded apically, bearing a

row of short subapical teeth or crenellations. Most

of these species, such as armatus Ris and

subobtusus Selys, have two antehumeral stripes but

a few, like occipitalis Belle and tumefactus Calvert,

have only one. Of this latter group houghtoni

seems to be closest to occipitalis since this is the

only other species in the genus which has a horse-

shoe-shaped inferior appendage. However,

occipitalis (which was described from Peru) can be

readily distinguished from houghtoni by the pres-

ence of a strong median tooth on each branch of the

inferior appendage which is absent in houghtont.

This species is named after Mr Greg Houghton

who accompanied John Paul in Costa Rica but who

was tragically killed shortly afterwards.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am indebted to Dr. D. H. Janzen for assistance

and hospitality during my stay at Guanacaste Na-

tional Park. I am grateful to Drs. J. Belle (Velp, The

Netherlands), T. W. Donnelly (Binghamton Uni-

versity, USA) and R. Garrison (Azusa, USA) for

their helpful advice and ready exchange of infor-

mation. Thanks are also due to Dr. D. Azuma

(Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,

USA), Dr. T. W. Donnely, Mr. M. F. O'Brien (Uni-

versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA), Mr. J. Paul

(Oxford, UK), Mr. S. R. Shaw (Museum of Com-

parative Zoology, Cambridge, USA) and Mr. J. van

Tol (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,

Leiden, The Netherlands) for the loan of speci-

mens.

REFERENCES

Bick, G. H. and J. C. Bick, 1988. A review of the males of

the genus Philogenia, with descriptions of five new

species from South America (Zygoptera: Megapoda-

grionidae). — Odonatologica 17 (1): 9-32.

Calvert, P. P, 1920. The Costa Rican species of

Epigomphus and their mutual mating adaptations. —

Transactions of the American Entomological Society

46: 323-354.

176 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Calvert, P. P, 1931. The generic characters and the species

of Palaemnema (Odonata: Agrionidae). — Transac-

tions of the American Entomological Society 57: 1-

Donnelly, T. W., 1979. The genus Phyllogomphoides in

Middle America (Anisoptera: Gomphidae). — Odo-

natologica 8 (4): 245-265.

Donnelly, T. W., 1986. Epigomphus westfalli spec. nov.,

a new dragonfly from Nicaragua. — Odonatologia 15

(COTE UE

Dunkle, S. W., 1979. Ocular mating marks in female

nearctic Aeshnidae (Anisoptera). — Odonatologica 8

(2): 123-127.

Dunkle, S. W., 1984. Head damage due to mating in

Ophiogomphus dragonflies (Anisoptera: Gomphi-

dae). — Notulae Odonatologicae 2 (4): 63-64.

Janzen, D. H., 1986. Guanacaste National Park: tropical

ecological and cultural restoration. — Editorial Uni-

versidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, Costa Rica.

May, M. L., 1989. Status of Philogenia leonora Westfall

& Cumming (Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae). —

Odonatologica 18(1): 95-97.

Paulson, D. R., 1982. In: Hurlbert, S. H. and A. Villalo-

bos-Figueroa [eds]. Aquatic biota of Mexico, Central

America and the West Indes, Odonata. pp. 249-277. —

San Diego State University, San Diego, California,

USA.

Received: 6 July 1989

Accepted: 8 July 1989

GENETIC DISTANCE IN THE GENUS EPHIPPIGER

(ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIOIDEA) - A RECONNAISSANCE

L. OUDMAN, W. LANDMAN & M. DUIJM

ABSTRACT

Oudman, L., W. Landman & M. Duijm, 1989. Genetic distance in the genus Ephippiger

(Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea). — a reconnaissance. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 177-

181, figs 1-2, tabs 1-3. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 1989.

Genetic distances were determined by means of enzyme electrophoresis for a number of

Ephippiger (sub)species, mainly from southern France and northern Italy. For each (sub)species

and form one ‘typical’ location was selected. The results are summarized in a dendrogram.

The three groups distinguished by Duijm & Oudman (1983) on the base of copulatory behaviour

and morphological characters are confirmed. Nei's genetic distances between E. ephippiger,

E. cruciger and E. cunti appeared to be low for genuine species. A comparison with Uromenus

rugosicollis is included.

Keywords. - Ephippiger, enzyme electrophoresis, genetic distance, dendrogram.

L. Oudman, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren,

The Netherlands; W. Landman, Noorder Dierenpark/Zoo, Emmen, The Netherlands; M.

Dutjm, Department of Zoology, University of Groningen; present adress: Onnerweg 41, 9751

VB Haren, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

In France, the northern part of Spain and NW

Italy a number of Ephippiger (sub)species occur

(e.g. Chopard 1951; Harz 1969). For this region

Duijm & Oudman (1983) recognised three groups

of (sub)spieces, viz. 1 - Ephippiger provincialis

(Yersin, 1854), 2 - E. terrestris (Yersin, 1854) with

the three (sub)species E.t. terrestris, E. t. bormansi

(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) and E. #. caprai

Nadig, 1980, 3 - E. ephippiger (Fieber, 1853) (the

subspieces E. e. vitium (Serville, 1831)!) and E.

e. vicheti Harz, 1966) E. cunti (Bolivar, 1877) and

E. cruciger (Fieber, 1853). Between these groups

no mating is possible. Within group 2 no mating

barriers were found, whereas mating between spe-

cies of group 3 is possible (Hartley & Warne 1984),

but not in all cases (Duijm & Oudman 1983). Iden-

tification of single specimens and even populations

belonging to group 3 often meets with considerable

difficulties owing to the large variability of the

morphological characters. The present study is an

attempt to elucidate the relations between these

Ephippiger taxa by the investigation of enzyme

polymorphism. For comparison the Ephippigerid

Uromenus rugosicollis (Serville, 1839) is used.

177

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The insects were collected during field trips in

August and September of 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982

and 1983. Generally we succeeded in collecting a

sufficient number (c 20) from a restricted area

of a few acres. This area had to be small to limit

ourselves to one population (or part of it) and

so to avoid the mixing of different populations.

The animals were killed, measured, photographed

and frozen in solid carbon dioxide (-79°C).

For this “reconnaissance” it appeared desirable

to omit the intra- (sub)specifical variation in order

to geta clearer picture. For each taxon we therefore

selected one locality that we considered sufficiently

typical. In this selection we used - if possible —

the type locality or our nearest collecting site and

otherwise a locality that was in good concordance

with the morphological description and/or in the

neighbourhood of the centre of distribution’). The

') According to Kruseman (1988) the correct name for

this subspecies is E. ephippiger diurnus Dufour, 1841.

2) Later work (Landman et al. 1989) showed that the

population used in this study as representative for

E. t. terrestris (Col de Castillon, No. 2), though in

many respects very close to the nominate form cannot

be regarded as entirely “pure”.

178 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 1. Collection sites of Ephippiger and Uromenus

species in SW Europe. Numbers denote the sites, see

table 1.

sites selected are summarised in table 1 and fig. 1.

For preparation of the samples, electrophoretic

techniques and the preparation of the horizontal

polyacrylamide gels we refer to Van Dijk & Van

Delden (1981).

The following loci were analysed: Alcohol de-

hydrogenase (Adh), Tetrazolium oxidase (To), two

Phosphoglucomutases (Pgm-2 and Pgm-3), Malic

enzyme (Me), Fructosediphosphate aldolase (Ald),

Esterase-2 (Est-2), Hexokinase-3 (Hk-3), Fumar-

ate hydratase (Fum), Xanthine dehydrogenase

(Xdh), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh), Glucose ox-

idase-3 (Gluo-3), a-Glycerophosphate dehydroge-

nase (a-Gpdh). For polymorphic loci Mendelian

inheritance was assumed on base of enzyme band

patterns and checked by testing genotype frequen-

cies for every location for Hardy-Weinberg equil-

ibrium.

Between populations Nei's genetic distances

were calculated (Nei 1975). From the matrix of

Table 1. Sites of collection of the selected populations of Ephippiger and Uromenus species.

No. (Sub)species Location

1. E. provincialis Plan d'Aups

2. Et. terrestris Col de Castillon

3. Et. terr. f minor Col de Maure

4. Et. caprat Cle. Scravaion

5. Et bormansı Naggio (L. di Como)

6. Ee. diurnus Cap Frehel

7. Ee. vicheti Naggio (L. di Como)

8. E. cruciger Gignac

9. E. cunti Cerbère

10. E. cunti f. jugicola Val d'Eyne

11. Uromenus rugosicollis Canigou

Table 2. Allele frequencies of the polymorphic loci of Ephippiger and Uromenus species.

(sub)species n

12 14

1 E. provincialis 16 0 0

2 Et. terrestris 18 50 50

3 Et.t.f. minor 13 25) 77

4 Et. caprai 23 .28 .65

5 Et. bormansi 18 .69 Bil

6 Ee. diurnus 20 0 0

7 Ee. vicheti DIL 0 0

8 E. cruciger 26 0 0

9 E. cuni 20 0 0

10 E. cunii f. jugicola 24 0 0

11 Uromenus rugosicollis

Pgm-2

Country/dept. Alt. m. Date

F 84 680 24-viii-80

F 06 700 31-viii-81

F 04 1350 24-vili-81

I Liguria 820 3-1x-81

I Lombardia 800 5/6-ix-81

1922 70 9-ix-83

I Lombardia 750 5/6-ix-81

F 34 60 3-vii-82

F 66 10 9-vii-82

F 66 1600 22-viii-82

F 66 840 31-viii-79

Pgm-3

16 20 26 29 32 35

0 1.00 Om 14 .86 0

0 0 U .67 0 .07

0 0 0 0 69 SI

‚07 0 0 .96 04 0

0 0 0 0 1.00 0

0 1.00 70 30 0 0

0 1.00 1.00 0 0 0

0 1.00 2» 23 31 oll il

0 1.00 .20 .80 0 0

0 1.00 0 1.00 0 0

- - 13 53 33 0

OUDMAN, LANDMAN & DUIJM:

genetic distances a dendrogram was constructed

following the UPGMA method (Sneath and Sokal

1976);

Samples of collected (sub)spieces from all local-

ities, including tips of abdomens used for electro-

phoresis, will be deposited in the Entomological

collection of the Institute for Taxonomical Zoology

(Zoological Museum) in Amsterdam.

RESULTS

Thirteen loci were investigated of which eight

were monomorphic. Five loci showed polymor-

phism: Est-2, Pgm-2, Pgm-3, To and Adh, with

respectively 4, 4, 4, 3 and 2 alleles. The allozyme

frequencies are given in table 2. To is fixed in most

populations. Adh is only polymorphic in E. #. ca-

prat. Pgm-2 is only variable in E. terrestris. The

most variable enzymes are Pgm-3 and Est-2.

The genetic distances are shown in table 3 and

the dendrogram, calculated from these distances, in

fig. 2.

Based on a preliminary investigation (Landman,

1981) we determined the genetic distance between

Uromenus rugosicollis and a number of Ephip-

piger (sub)spieces (18 populations, 9 loci, 18 al-

leles) at 0.3473. An indication of this distance is

added to the dendrogram.

DISCUSSION

The genetic distance (0.35) between the closely

related genera Uromenus and Ephippiger appears

to be very low in view of the range for genera

mentioned in reviews (e. g. Thorpe 1982, Menken

& Ulenberg 1987). The distance between genera

generally is 1, in the mean 1.30, and minimally

0.62.

The distance found by us between E. provincialis

and the other Ephippiger species (0.20) as well as

(Table 2 continued)

Genetic distance in Ephippiger 179

the distance between our groups 2 and 3 (0.16) are

very low for congeneric species. According to

Thorpe (1982) only in 3% of the cases studied

distances below 0.16 are found for congeneric spe-

cies.

The distances between the subspecies of E. ter-

restris (0.015 —0.11) are within the range generally

found between subspecies: 0.02 — 0.22 (Menken &

Ulenberg 1987) except one: the distance (0.015)

between Et. caprai and E.t. terrestris from Col de

Castillon. This very small distance is one of the

indications that the population of Castillon is not

quite representative for the nominate form of E. t.

terrestris.

The distances between the species within our

group 3 are strikingly small (0.03); they lie in the

range for subspecies. This is in accordance with the

results of Hartley and Warne (1984).

The dendrogram of fig. 2 offers a picture that is

mainly in accordance with current taxonomical

opinion. It also conforms to our grouping (Duijm

& Oudman 1983) based on morphological data and

on the existence of mating barriers. Within group

3, however, E. e. vicheti occupies a rather separate

position '). The relations between E. e. diurnus, E.

cruciger and E. cunit as well as those within the

terrestris-group will be dealt with in later publica-

tions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank the Uyttenboogaart-

Eliasen Stichting in Amsterdam for financial sup-

port. We are particularly indebted to Marten Zijl-

stra and Klaas Vrieling who helped us with the

') Nadig (1987,p.331) raises this taxon to species-level:

E. vicheti Harz, 1966.

Est-2 To Adh

15 17 20 23 40 63 65 67 18 22

.78 .22 0 0 0 .00 0 0 1.00 0

.08 .67 25 0 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 0

‚42 23 25 0 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 0

.10 DI 229 0 0 0 0 1.00 .80 .20

0 .24 .76 0 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 0

0 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 0

0 0 ‚08 192 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 0

.04 50 ‚46 0 .06 0 0 94 1.00 0

25 .67 .08 0 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 0

.08 55) 54 ‚04 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 0

0 .02 .90 ‚08 0 0 1.00 0 1.00 0

180 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

genetic distance

0.4 0.2

(0)

SS o oe SSS _oc-

-crccsctobecttiteston

computing work. We thank Prof. W. van Delden

for providing laboratory facilities and for valuable

discussions and continued interest. Our thanks are

due to H. van Dijk for his instruction in electropho-

retic techniques. We are very grateful to Dr. A.

Nadig (Chur), who generously supplied us with

information about his collecting sites. We thank A.

Decae, G. J. van Klinken, H. Hidding and G. Over-

kamp, who assisted in collecting the insects. We are

grateful to Dr. M. G. Ritchie for critically reading

the manuscript and for correcting the English.

Furthermore we thank Mrs. J. Poelstra for typing

the manuscript and D. Visser for making the draw-

ings.

GROUP

Uromenus rugosicollis

Canigou

Ephippiger provincialis — 1

Plan d'Aups

Ephippiger eph. vicheti

Naggio

Ephippiger cunii

Cerbère

Ephippiger cunii f.jugicola | 3

Val d'Eyne

Ephippiger cruciger

Gignac

Ephippiger eph. diurnus

Cap Frèhel |

Ephippiger terrestris caprai

Scravaion

Ephippiger t. terrestris

Col de Castillon

3 5 F2

E.t. terrestris f. minor

Col de Maure

E.t.bormansi

Naggio. |

Fig. 2. Dendrogram of Ephippige-

ridae based on the genetic distances

of table 3. An estimation of the dis-

tance between Uromenus and the

Ephippiger (sub)species is added

on the base of preliminary work

(Landman, not published).

Table 3. Genetic distances based on ailozyme frequencies of thirteen loci of Ephippiger species.

Group (sub)species 1 2 3

—

E. provincialis = 2522 .1840

E.t. terrestris = .0680

E.t.t. f. minor =

Et. caprat

E.t. bormansi

Ee. diurnus

E.e. vicheti

E. cruciger

E. cunu

E. cunti f. jugicola

O © JA AN

OUDMAN, LANDMAN & DUIJM:

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1-359.

Van Dijk, H. & W. van Delden, 1981. Genetic variability

in Plantago species in relation to their ecology. I.

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subspecies. — Theoretical and Applied Genetics 60:

285-290.

Duijm, M. & L. Oudman, 1983. Interspecific mating in

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Ferguson, A., 1980. Biochemical Systematics and Evolu-

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and cunit) with special reference to the mechanics of

copulation. - Eos 60: 43-54.

Harz, K., 1969. Die Orthopteren Europas, 1. - Series

Entomologica 5: i-xx, 1-749.

Kruseman, G., 1988. Matériaux pour la faunistique des

Orthoptères de France, Fascicule I, Les Ensiferes. —

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Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum), Uni-

versiteit van Amsterdam.

Landman, W. L., 1981. Genetische afstand en verwant-

schap in de Ephippigeridae. - Internal report Depart-

ment of Genetics, University of Groningen.

[unpublished].

Genetic distance in Ephippiger 181

Landman, W. L., L. Oudman & M. Duijm, 1989. Allozymic

and morphological variation in Ephippiger terrestris

(Yersin) 1854. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132:

183-198.

Menken, S. B. J. & S. A. Ulenberg, 1987. Biochemical

Characters in Agricultural Entomology. - Agricultural

Zoology Reviews 2: 305-360.

Nadig, A., 1987. Saltatoria (Insecta) der Süd und Südos-

tabdachung der Alpen zwischen der Provence im W,

dem pannonischen Raum im NE und Istrien im SE.

I Tettigoniidae. - Revue suisse de Zoologie 94: 257-

356.

Nei, M., 1975. Molecular population genetics and evolu-

tion. - North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam.

Sneath, P. H. A. & R. R. Sokal, 1973. Numerical Taxon-

omy. — Freeman, San Francisco.

Thorpe, J. P., 1982. The Molecular Clock Hypothesis:

Biochemical Evolution, Genetic Differentiation and

Systematics. - Annual Review of Ecology and Syste-

matics 13: 139-168.

Received: 4 January 1989

Revised version accepted: 29 May 1989

182 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REVIEWS

Böcher, J., 1988. The Coleoptera of Greenland. - Med-

delelser om Gronland, Bioscience 26: 1-100, figs.

1-55. [ISBN 87-17-05572-5]. E. J. Brill, Leiden.

During a time that many entomologists focus

on the warmer parts of the world under the banner

of Biodiversity, it is good to see that the study

of polar regions on both sides of the globe is far

from neglected — and rightly so. This is undoubt-

edly due in part to the increasing accessibility of

these regions and to the increasing recognition

of their global ecological indicator value.

In the respected Danish series on Greenlandic

scientific research, Meddelelser om Groenland, an

interesting survey of the beetles of this largest

island of the world has recently appeared. It in-

cludes an extensively annotated, illustrated list of

the species (33 indigenous), with detailed biogeo-

graphical and ecological data and discussion. This

is all supported by maps, habitat descriptions, and

numerous references. Most of the species are qual-

ified as Lateglacial invaders from northern and

western Europe — probably passive invaders, as

several are flightless, but this view may be some-

what controversial. Genuine nearctic elements are

rare (one byrrhid species only). Most of the species

are distributed along the southern coasts. Of course

there are also synanthropic species and other in-

troductions; in fact about half of the total of nearly

70 is introduced by man, and includes such familiar

pests as species of Anthrenus, Attagenus, Ptinus,

Tribolium and Oryzaephilus.

The paleo-ecological implications of the recent

and fossil Greenlandic and other arctic beetle fau-

nas are amply discussed and compared with the

results of Coope and other workers on the Qua-

ternary history of the European, Siberian and

North American faunas. Judged from “in press”

references further reports on Plio-Pleistocene bee-

tle fossils are to be expected. Extreme environ-

ments like those of Greenland provide valuable

information on the tolerance of species to various

ecological factors, and highlight their suitability

as ecological indicators elsewhere in their range.

All in all, this survey of the Greenlandic Coleo-

ptera will prove to be extremely useful to ecol-

ogists, biogeographers, or the increasing number

of arctic naturalist travellers.

[J. Krikken]

Wirth, W. W. & W. L. Grogan, Jr., 1988. The predaceous

midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe

Ceratopogonini). — Flora and Fauna Handbook 4:

i-xvi + 1-160, figs. 1-49. [ISBN 0-916846-43-1].

E. J. Brill, Leiden. Price Hfl. 58.00.

The diagnostic characters of the genera pre-

viously assigned to the tribes Ceratopogonini and

Stilobezziini are reviewed and found not to support

a division into separate tribes. Forty-five genera

are combined into one tribe, the Ceratopogonini,

for which a diagnosis and a key to genera are

given. A diagnosis, illustrations, synonymy, and

a list of species are given for each genus and sub-

genus, but for the larger genera, species lists are

restricted to changes since the last published ca-

talogues or check lists.

[From the abstract by the authors].

ALLOZYMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN

EPHIPPIGER TERRESTRIS (YERSIN, 1854) (INSECTA,

ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIOIDEA)

W.LANDMAN, L. OUDMAN & M. DUIJM

ABSTRACT

Landman, W., L. Oudman, & M. Duijm, 1989. Allozymic and morphological variation in

Ephippiger terrestris (Yersin, 1854) (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea). — Tijdschrift voor

Entomologie 132: 183-198, figs. 1-13, tabs. 1-11. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 December

1989.

Based on allozyme frequencies the genetic distances between seventeen populations of Ephip-

piger terrestris are determined and compared with biometrics of epiproct, cerci and titillators.

The distinction of three subspecies, viz. terrestris, bormansi and caprai is confirmed. As a

result of the large variability of all characters within populations, distinction between subspecies

generally is not sharp. At the boundaries of the species distribution area the subspecies characters

are clearest, whereas in the centre an extensive area with intermediate populations is present,

generally exhibiting clinal differences. Such gradients are described for several characters for

a number of populations along a transect near Tende in the French Alps.

Key words. - Ephippiger terrestris, subspecies, biosystematics, enzyme electrophoresis, male

appendages, intermediates, clines.

W. Landman, Noorder Dierenpark/Zoo, Emmen, The Netherlands, L. Oudman, Department

of Genetics, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands (adress

for requests for reprints); M. Duijm, Department of Zoology, University of Groningen; present

adress: Onnerweg 41, 9751 VB Haren, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

Ephippiger terrestris (Yersin, 1854) occurs in

the French Alps, in the neighbouring Italian Alps

and also around the Italian-Swiss lakes. Nadig

(1980) argued that E. bormansı (Brunner von Wat-

tenwyl, 1882) has to be regarded as a subspecies

of E. terrestris and described a new subspecies,

E. t. caprai. Furthermore, he found intermediates

between E. ¢. terrestris and E. t. bormansi in a

broad area in the department Alpes Maritimes

(Fig. 1). Duijm and Oudman (1983) confirmed

these results; they showed that between bormansı,

caprai and terrestris no mating barriers occur. Mat-

ing attempts between these terrestris subspecies

and E. ephippiger failed, however, apparently due

to differences in cerci and epiproct in the male

and the place of the copulatory sockets in the fe-

male partner. Hartley and Warne (1984) con-

firmed these findings by measurements of male

cercal reach and the corresponding female inter-

socket distances.

In this study morphometric characters are in-

183

vestigated, primarily to consider the relations be-

tween the three subspecies mentioned and the po-

sition of intermediates, mainly from a transect near

Tende. Allozyme analysis is used to get an in-

dependent character set. The allozyme frequencies

in E. terrestris are compared with those in E.

ephippiger vicheti, the latter being chosen as it

occurs sympatrically with E. ¢. bormansi at site

14 near the Lago di Como.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collection. - Specimens were collected during

field trips in 1980 and 1981. For locations see

table 1 and figs. 1 and 2. In 1981 special attention

was given to a transect near Tende (sites 1-11),

where intermediates might be found according to

Nadig (1980) and our own preliminary observa-

tions in 1980. The collecting area varied from one

to several acres, depending on the population den-

sity. The animals were killed, measured, photo-

graphed and frozen in solid carbondioxide (-79° C)

within one day of capture.

184 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 1. Collection sites of Ephippiger species.

No. Location Country/dept. Altitude (m) Date

Ephippiger terrestris

N. Mézel/Majastres F 04 1200 A) 20-viii-80

B) 24/28-viii-81

2 Col de Maure F 04 1350 24-viii-81

Br Gréolières/Plan de Peyron F 06 1100 29-viii-81

4. Col de Braus F 06 1000 30-viii-81

5 Col de Castillon F 06 700 31-viii-81

6 Cle. Scravaion It Liguria 820 3-ix-81

7 Tende F 06 830 A) 29/31-viii-80

B) 1/3-xi-81

8. Vievola 1 F 06 915 2-ix-81

9} Vievola 2 F 06 1050 2-ix-81

10. Col de Tende 1 F 06 1200 2/5-ix-81

11A. Col de Tende 2 F 06 1400 2-ix-81

11B. Col de Tende F 06 1350/1420 30-viii-80

12. Col de Tende 3 F 06 1600 2-ix-81

13: Vallone del Arma It Piemonte 1600 31-viii-81

14A. Naggio (L. di Como) It Lombardia 800 5/6-ix-81

15. Mt. Grona (Lago di Como) It Lombardia 1400 6-ix-81

We Collobrières F 84 135 26-viii-80

18. Fayence F 84 250 28-viii-80

19. Aiguines (Verdon) F 84 850 23-viii-80

Ephippiger ephippiger vicheti

14B. Naggio (L. di Como) It Lombardia 750 5/6-ix-81

16. Miglieglia/Mt. Lema CH Ticino 720 7-ix-81

Electrophoresis. — Preparation of samples, elec-

trophoretic techniques and the preparation of the

horizontal polyacrylamide gells were carried out as

in Van Dijk & Van Delden (1981). The following

eighteen enzyme loci were analysed: Alcohol de-

hydrogenase (Adh), Tetrazolium oxidase (To), two

Phosphoglucomutases (Pgm-2 and -3), three Este-

rases (Est-1, -2 and -5), Aldehyde dehydrogenase

(Aldox-2), two Hexokinases (Hk-2 and -3),

Fumarate hydratase (Fum), Xanthine dehydroge-

nase (Xdh), Glucose oxidase (Gluo-3), Aldolase

(Ald), Malic enzyme (Me), Isocitrate dehydroge-

nase (Idh), a-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

(a-Gpdh) and Glycerine dehydrogenase (Glydh).

A preliminary electrophoretic survey was made

in 1980 (Landman 1981). In this study ten of the

above mentioned loci were examined for E. terres-

tris from six localities (Nos. 1, 7, 11B, 17, 18 and

19). For polymorphic loci Mendelian inheritance

was assumed on the basis of enzyme band patterns

and checked by testing genotype frequencies for

every location for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Between populations Nei's genetic distances

were calculated (Nei 1975). From the matrix of

genetic distances a dendrogram was constructed

according to the UPGMA method (Sneath and

Sokal 1973). Principal component analysis was car-

ried out with the allele frequencies (arcsin Vp

transformed). The principal component scores of

each population were calculated and the first and

second represented in a diagram.

Morphology. - Five characters of body and legs

were measured in the field: body weight (BW),

body length (LB), length of pronotum (LP), length

of hind femur (LF) and length of fore tibia (LT).

Weight was determined by means of a Pesola

pocket spring balance (0 — 5 g in 0.1 g). Length was

measured with sliding calipers. In a number of

samples one character of the pronotum and one of

the head was scored. Nadig (1980) distinguished a

shield-shaped field medially in the metazona of the

pronotum and named it campus medianus; he

showed that the lateral limitation of this field is

sharper in E. t. bormansi than in E. t. terrestris and

E. t. caprai. Moreover, this field is smooth in E. t.

bormansi and more or less granular in the other

subspecies. We scored the surface texture with: 0 —

smooth, 1 - granular, and 2 — rough, but we did not

find the latter character-state represented in our

samples. Furthermore we paid attention to the

“fastigium verticis” on the head, the profile of

which, according to Nadig (l.c.) varies from very

LANDMAN, OUDMAN & Dum: Ephippiger terrestris 185

steep to receding, a steep fastigium being charac-

teristic for E. t. bormansi. We scored: 0 — steep, 1

- rather steep, 2 - receding.

Colours of pronotum and abdomen were also

noted in the field.

Cerci and epiproct of freshly killed specimens

were photographed with a Medical Nikkor (2 : 1).

From the projected diapositives drawings with an

end magnification of 40x were made. Measure-

ments were carried out on these drawings. To cha-

racterise the form of the epiproct the following

dimensions were measured (fig. 3A): apical, cen-

tral and basal width (EA, EC and EB, respectively),

lateral and medial length (EL and EM).

Fig. 3B shows the way in which the cerci were

measured: total length (CL = CA + CB) and its

division by the place of the inner tooth in length

of apex (CA) and basal length (CB), basal width

(CE) and apical width (CF) and finally, a measure

(CD) for the form of the outer lateral side of the

cercus, CD taken negative when this side is convex

and positive when concave.

Titillators were removed from the body and

measured with a stereomicroscope (20x) using an

ocular micrometer. Figure 3C shows the way in

which they were measured. TL indicates the total

length of the apical part of the titillator, TT the

length of the toothed part of it and TN the number

of teeth. The width of the apical part is measured

as TA, so that the ratio TA/TT indicates its slen-

derness.

Samples of collected specimens from all locali-

ties, including tips of abdomens of the specimens

used for electrophoresis, will be deposited in the

Entomological collection of the Institute for Tax-

onomical Zoology (Zoological Museum) in Am-

sterdam.

RESULTS

Allozymes

Eighteen loci were surveyed of which six were

polymorphic: Pgm-2, Pgm-3, Est-1, Est-2, Est-5

and Adh, with 3, 5, 2,4,2 and 2 alleles, respectively.

7 x \

/ 4, Genève RL Be

7 i

SARAI

=. \__ Lago

Maggiore (x

—

Mon

aco

E. terrestris

intermediates

Fig. 1. Collection sites and distribution of Ephippiger species in S. France, S. Switzerland and NW. Italy.

186 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

H NE 7/1

1600m12 © y

ER 07

DI 71

1400 m 11 6,1)

al,

1200 m 10

“ Vievola 1

o‘

915 m

Fig. 2. Collection sites along the Tende transect (locations

7 -12) in Southeast France.

The allozyme frequencies are shown in table 2. The

genetic distances are summarized in table 3 and the

dendrogram calculated from these distances is

given in fig. 4.

The aggregate of all E. terrestris populations

| 5 |

CE-CF=CG

Fig. 3. Method of measurement of (a) epiproct, (b) cerci,

appears to be well separated from E. ephippiger

vicheti (distance 0.1713). For E. t. capra: the separ-

ate position is also clear. The distance between E.

t. bormansi and E. t. terrestris is less. The popula-

tions along the Tende transect together form a

separate group.

The results of the 1980 study — as far as E.

terrestris is concerned - are summarized in table 4,

in which the distances for six populations are

given. In these data the sites 17 and 18 represent

with certainty the nominate form, whereas this

may be doubted with regard to the site 5 in the

former series. The 1980 and 1981 distances are

combined in the semi-geographical representation

of fig. 5. Comparison of these data appears to be

justified, because the distances between the popu-

lations 1 and 7, determined both in 1980 and 1981,

were quite similar: 0.0742 and 0.0785 respectively.

Principal component analysis was carried out for

14 populations of E. terrestris and for 18 allozymes.

Fig. 6 shows the relation between the principal

components 1 and 2. PC 1 and PC 2 together

explain 55% of the total variance. The distribution

of the 14 populations in this diagram is similar to

their position in the dendrogram (fig. 4), though

the methods used are quite different.

LANDMAN, OUDMAN & DUM: Ephippiger terrestris 187

Morphology

The measurements of body and legs are sum-

marized in table 5. The means of these measure-

ments are generally linearly interrelated as appears

from table 6. By way of illustration the relation

between body weight and body length is shown in

fig. 7. The E. t. bormansi populations are on aver-

age the smallest ones, even smaller than our minor

samples. Specimens of the nominate form, repres-

ented by the localities 17 and 18 and perhaps also

no. 5 (Col du Castillon) are the biggest ones. E. t.

caprai occupies an intermediate position and the

samples along the Tende transect are intermediate

between capra: and bormanst.

Table 7 shows that the mean body measure-

ments are negatively correlated with the altitude of

the collection site; especially for LT and LF the

correlation is rather close. This is illustrated in fig.

8 for the relation between LT and altitude. The

distribution of the samples is rather similar to that

in fig. 7, only the mean length of the tibia in Naggio

(No. 14A) is too short for the altitude of this site.

To compare the form of the epiproct in the

various populations only mean ratios are used (ta-

ble 8) and not absolute measurements, because

these strongly depend on body dimensions. The

variation in the ratios EL/EM and EA/EC is re-

presented in the diagram of fig. 9. The three sub-

species caprai, terrestris and bormansi appear to be

well separated. In the nominate subspecies EL/EM

is larger than in the other two subspecies. This

means that the hind margin of the epiproct is bent

genetic distance

inside so that the hind corners are protruding. The

ratio EL/EM in bormansi is the same as in caprai,

and significantly smaller than in terrestris, indicat-

ing that the hind corners are not prolonged and

may even be rounded. There is a clear difference in

the ratio EA/EC between bormansi and caprat: the

higher value in bormansi points to the often later-

ally projecting hind corners, whereas the low value

in caprai indicates the rounded hind corners of the

epiproct in this subspecies. The forma mznor has

the same high EL/EM ratio as the nominate form,

whereas its EA/EC ratio is higher. So in the mean

the hind corners are in minor somewhat more

laterally protruding than in the nominate form; in

this respect minor resembles bormansı.

Our measurements of the cerci are summarized

in table 9. Cercal dimensions are correlated with

the dimensions of other parts of the body. The

mean total length of the cercus (CL) is moderately

correlated with mean length of the tibia (r =

0.486), the measurements CD and CE closely (r =

0.916 and 0.949, respectively). Therefore we char-

acterize the cercal form by means of the ratios. In

fig. 10 the relative length of the apex (CA) is

compared with the relative deviation of a straight

outer margin (CD). The nominate form has the

longest apical part and a strongly concave outer

margin. E.t. bormansi has a shorter apical part and

a slightly convex outer margin. Er. caprai has a

rather short apical part anda slightly concave outer

side. The forma minor is intermediate between 7.

terrestris and t. bormansi, the populations along

0.2 01 0

IEEE |

16 > È 4

a à E.eph.vicheti

6 E.terr.caprai a

ena

- Tende transect o

12 4

5 4

4 }E.t.terrestris? o

3 J

2 i

7 |E.t.t.f minor a

15 :

AR HE.t.bormansi e

Fig. 4. Dendrogram of Ephippiger terrestris populations, based on genetic distance, calculated from table 3 (1981 data).

188 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 2. Allozyme frequencies of Ephippiger populations (n.m. = not measured).

Pgm-2 Pgm-3

No. Locality n a b c a b c d e

E. terrestris

1B. Mézel/Majastres 28 38 ‚62 - - - O1" -

2, Col de Maure 13 23 UT = = = 6) DI -

3 Gréolières 20 .50 40 .10 = DS) 38 38 =

4 Col de Braus 20 43 40 .18 - 39 DI A =

DI Col de Castillon 18 50 50 - Dy il - .07 -

6. Cle. Scravaion 23 .28 65 O7 - „96 04 = -

7 Tende 20 „10 „90 - - .60 .40 = -

8. Vievola 1 20 - 1.00 - — .70 25 - .05

9: Vievola 2 16 — 1.00 = - .69 Di = =

10. Col de Tende 1 15 = 1.00 = - 11 79-05 .05

il; Col de Tende 2 7 - 1.00 = - - 1.00 - -

12. Col de Tende 3 8 - 1.00 = - - .88 - 13

14A. Naggio 18 .69 il - - - 100 - -

19) Mt. Groma 10 .60 .40 - - .10 80 .10 -

E. e. vicheti

14B. Naggio Pedy OO) Zora 1) ENS: È

16. Miglieglia/Mt. Lema ER OO LOD hk he 2

Table 3. Genetic distances between populations of Ephippiger species.

E. terrestris

No. Localities 1B 2 3 4 5) 6 7

IB. Mézel/Majastres - .0102 .0243 .0276 .0555 .0822 .0785

2, Col de Maure - 0253 „0299 „0604 „0829 „0540

5): Gréolières - 0126 0304 0555 0627

4. Col de Braus = .0128 .0637 .0611

Ds Col de Castillon - ‚0535 0779

6. Cle. Scravaion = „0823

Do Tende -

8. Vievola 1

9. Vievola 2

10. Col de Tende 1

11. Col de Tende 2

12, Col de Tende 3

14A. Naggio

15: Mt. Grona

14B. Naggio

16. Miglieglia

LANDMAN, OUDMAN & DUIJM: Ephippiger terrestris 189

(Table 2, continued).

Est-1 Est-2 Est-5 Adh

a b a b c d a b a b

040 60 13 53 33 - 1.00 = 1.00 -

038 62 42 23 35 - 1.00 - 1.00 =

069 31 03 35 42 20 94 06 1.00 —

055 44 22 58 18 02 69 31 1.00 =

054 46 08 67 29 .62 38 1.00 =

1.00 — 10 37 33 - 94 06 80 20

1.00 - 95 03 03 - 1.00 = 97 03

92 08 72. 03 .25 - 78 22 1.00 =

89 11 79 - 21 - 88 12 1.00 —

96 04 37 03 .60 = 37 63 1.00 =

88 12 33 = 67 = 42 58 1.00 =

1.00 = 50 = 50 = 67 33 1.00 =

83 17 = 24 .76 = 79 21 1.00 =

1.00 = - 25 75) - 1.00 = 1.00 -

.67 33 - = .08 92 n.m. n.m.

44 56 - = = 1.00 n.m. n.m.

(Table 3, continued)

E.e. vicheti

8 9 10 11 12 14A 15 14B 16 No.

0784 0749 0672 0587 .0532 0297 0344 1946 1960 1B.

0534 0489 0555 0506 .0407 0454 0470 1993 2000 2

0566 0575 0639 0675 .0571 0278 0198 1464 1566 3

0508 0536 0628 0701 .0648 0462 0460 1744 1798 4

0570 0632 0840 0971 -0941 0729 0698 1678 1734 5

0771 0804 0929 1034 .0832 0852 0659 1153 1352 6

0078 0044 0570 0680 .0380 .0943 0729 2257 2455 7

- 0010 0367 0504 0316 „0895 0719 2362 2549 8

= 0437 0549 0332 0911 0722 2354 2527 9

= 0026 0072 0496 0532 2625 2853 10

= 0072 0429 0505 2682 2885 11

= 0442 0411 .2469 2701 12

= 0067 1831 „2010 14A

= 1770 2002 15

= 0034 14B

190 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 4. Genetic distances, calculated from allozyme frequencies determined by Landman (unpublished) for six samples

of Ephippiger terrestris collected in 1980.

No. Location 17 18

17. Collobrières = ‚0233

18. Fayence -

19. Aiguines

LA. Mézel/Majastres

Col de Tende

We Tende

the Tende transect are approximately intermediate

between ¢. caprat and t. bormansi. Strikingly apart

is the position of the populations 4 and 5 owing to

their relatively very short apices.

The basal part of the cercus tapers somewhat

towards the apex; this tapering is measured by CG,

the difference between CE and CF. Figure 11 shows

the relative measure of tapering. This is least in

bormansi and strongest at the sites 4 and 5. The

nominate and the mznor form occupy an interme-

diate position, as does capraz. The three sites at the

Col de Tende (10 — 12) are intermediate between

terrestris and bormanst.

According to Nadig (1980) the apical parts of

the titillators vary in slenderness. Our observations

ALLOZYMFREQUENCIES

C 21980 ———

1981

f. minor

}

048

terrestris

19 1A 11B 7

.0634 .0482 .0789 .0709

.0278 .0477 .0553 .0912

- .0480 ‚0518 1090

- .0341 0742

- 1247

(Table 10) confirm this statement; we determined

the ratio TL/TA for caprai at 5.8, whereas the

values for the three bormansi sites were 11.8, 10.5

and 12.2 (mean 11.5). The bormanst titillators are

therefore evidently more slender than those of

caprai. Those of the forma minor were similar to

bormansi. Along the Tende transect we found for

the sites 7 - 12 the ratios 6.4, 6.9, 8.05, 10.7, 11.0

and 10.7 respectively. So there is a clear gradient

between caprai and bormansi, respecially along the

first part of the transect.

The relative scores for the texture of the campus

medianus and the form of the fastigium verticis are

shown in fig. 12. With regard to the campus me-

dianus (fig. 12 A) the character states as specified by

bormansi

Dar 15)

‘053

caprai

Fig. 5. Semigeographical representation (not on scale) of genetic distances between adjacent populations of Ephippiger

terrestris (1981 and 1980 data).

LANDMAN, OUDMAN & DUIJM: Ephippiger terrestris 191

Nadig (l.c.) are clearly confirmed: the surface is

smooth on sites 13 and 14 and therefore in bor-

mansi, whereas the granular state is apparently

characteristic for caprai (sites 6 - 9). The situation

at the three sampling sites along the Col de Tende

(10 - 12) is intermediate with the hormansi state

prevailing at sites 11 and 12, whereas at site 10 the

caprai state predominates, indicating a rather steep

transition with regard to this character over an

altitude difference of 200 m.

The steepness of the fastigium verticis shows

also a gradual transition (fig. 12B). A steep fasti-

gium appears to be characteristic for E.t. bormansi

and a less steep or even receding one for E. t. caprat;

a transitional situation is found along the Tende

transect.

It has to be stressed that all the above morpho-

logical results have been obtained by using the

means of rather variable series of measurements;

the statements do, therefore, not necessarily apply

to the form of the various parts in individuals

belonging to the populations studied.

Figure 13 gives an overall picture of the colour

of the abdomen. The various shades noted were

here combined into three categories only, viz.

green, brown and grey. The predominance of grey

(in fact yellowish grey) in the nominate form (sites

17 and 18) is remarkable. At other places shades of

green and brown were most common, whereas

grey was rather rare. There appears to exist a

gradient along the Tende transect with the percen-

tage of green individuals changing from 100% to

45%. Table 11 gives a more detailed picture of this

situation by also giving the shades of green ob-

served. One sees that in capraz (site 6) only plain-

green specimens were found, whereas at the sites

along the transect other shades of green occurred,

though in small numbers. The decrease of the rel-

ative numbers of plain-green specimens along the

transect is obvious. In the same time the occurrence

of three rows of dark spots on the abdomen (a

bormansi character) increases along this transect,

as appears from Table 11. Very interestingly also

at site 3 a sizeable percentage of this character was

observed (32%, n = 28).

DISCUSSION

As typical representatives of the nominate form,

E. t. terrestris, we consider our samples from

Fayence (18) and Collobrières (17) from the lower

parts of the department Var. Here one finds the

biggest specimens. The epiproct usually has

markedly protruding hind corners. The cerci have

a long apex, a concave outer margin and the basal

part tapers somewhat towards the apex. Unfortu-

Fig. 6. Diagram of scores for Principal Components 1 and

2, based on allozyme frequencies for 14 locations of

Ephippiger terrestris.

BW-_3.45+0.18LB

r=0.981

LB (mm)

Fig. 7. The relation between mean body weight (BW) and

mean length of body (LB) in Ephippiger terrestris.

nately these populations are missing in our 1981

collections. The 1980 data indicate a distance D =

0.048 to the minor population of site 1.

Nadig (1980) described E. t. capra: as a new

subspecies from the Ligurian Alps, close to E. t.

terrestris, but differing in form of epiproct and

titillators and in colour; the fresh grassgreen body-

colour is an important character in living capra:

specimens. For the capra: population studied we

can confirm his results: epiproct with rounded

corners, titillators with rather thick apical part.

Moreover, our results indicate differences in the

form of the cerci: the apical part is on average

rather short and the outer margin less concave than

192 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 5. Mean body dimensions with standard deviations and ranges for 17 localities of Ephippiger terrestris.

BW - Body weight, LB - length of body, LP - length of pronotum, LT - length of protibia, LF - length of hind femur.

No. Locality n BW (g) LB (mm) LP (mm) LT (mm) F (mm)

1A. Mézel 21 1.27 s= O13 28.0 + 1.36 7.40 + 0.42 7.75 = 0.28 151 se 059

Li = 15 DS = 29 68 — 8.7 is =82 el = 165

2. C. d. Maure 28 1.01 + 0.13 25.8 + 1.43 6.92 + 0.24 7.32 + 0.28 13.8 + 0.47

07 —=12 Dj DI 64 73 68 — 7.8 13,2 = 15.1

3. Gréolières 23 1.27 + 0.18 26.8 + 1.53 7.26 + 0.41 751114059, 15.0 + 0.60

0.8 — 1.6 22 — 2) 64 — 8.0 69 — 8.0 13.4 — 16.0

4. C. de Braus 20 1.82 + 0.16 30.2 + 0.87 7.93 + 0.43 8.36 + 0.26 16.3 + 0.53

LS = 22 DI SII TR AD 78 — 8.8 ISO = All

5. C. de Castill. 20 2.56 + 0.42 33.2 + 1.64 8.79 + 0.50 9.18 + 0.40 17.9 + 0.76

15953 Sl =S 81 — 10.0 O2 — 97 16.8 — 19.5

6. Scravaion 20 1.34 + 0.12 DS ac 1123) 7.59 + 0.40 7.89 + 0.38 SEEN

I = ILS DO = 3X0) 66 — 8.3 69 — 83 159 159

7A. Tende 18 125 as O2 26.6 + 1.04 7.44 + 0.40 7.76 + 0.35 15.3 + 0.71

LO — 15 Dy —= Ts} 6.8 — 8.2 Ti = 83 14.6 — 16.2

8. Vievola 1 21 1.04 + 0.15 25.7 + 0.86 7.19 + 0.51 7.39 + 0.32 14.4 + 0.68

08 —14 DA — AR 64 —82 68 — 79 12155

9. Vievola 2 19 1.02 + 0.10 25.5 + 0.90 7.10 + 0.26 7.39 + 0.33 14.4 + 0.45

OUD — 2 Dj I COG — 116) 68 — 8.2 154 151

10. C.d. Tende 1 17 1.01 + 0.13 24.7. ze 1.50 7.26 + 0.43 7.25 = 0.32 14.0 + 0.62

Oy 2 20 — 26 6.6 —8.1 CSS 1A. = Weil

11. Cd. Tende 2 19 1.00 + 0.10 24.0 + 0.70 7.12 + 0.28 7.01 + 0.24 13.5 + 0.59

O MZ 2 25 67) 70 GT = 79 IES) S422

12. C.d. Tende 3 23 1.07 + 0.09 24.9 + 0.97 VY ze (07 7.13 + 0.28 EVE OST

OD NZ Dj DG Gl a 67 76 128 = 153

13. Vall. d. Arma 24 1.01 + 0.09 25.0 + 0.86 6.81 + 0.39 6.97 + 0.24 13.4 + 0.45

Of} = il DI, = Al 65) YU 6 =74 12.0 — 14.4

14A. Naggio 23 0.79 0.10 Dj as lena 6.40 + 0.12 6.85 + 0.18 13.0 = 0.44

Oy IM mM) =25 62 — 6.6 06 72 1224

15. Mt. Grona 17 0.89 + 0.11 DAS =e IK) 7.15 = 0.43 7.07 + 0.41 13.4 + 0.58

Oy = Ill Dj =D 64 — 8.0 NM) — Tell 12.4 — 14.2

17. Collobr. 17 2.42 + 0.26 DO ae 1759 8.84 + 0.53 9.72 + 0.46 18.8 + 0.75

Dl SHD DI, = 36 8.002205 SLO) = 105 18.0 — 20.4

18. Fayence 25 2.41 + 0.28 33.0 + 1.37 8.27 + 0.48 9.41 + 0.46 IAS) ae (047/77

Ta = Hall 3036 WI = 9D 8.8 — 10.6 16.6 — 19.8

Table 6. Interrelations between mean body dimensions of Ephippiger terrestris (17 localities).

regression correlation

body weight/body length LB =0.18 BW — 3.45 r= 0.98

pronotum length/body length LB =0.18 LP X 2.22 r= 0.93

tibia length/{»mur length LF =0.49 LT + 0.45 r= 0.99

pronotum ler gth/femur length LF = 0.34 LP + 2.29 r= 0.95

Table 7. Relations between mean body dimensions (table 5) and altitude (H in km) for Ephippiger terrestris (17

localities).

LANDMAN, OUDMAN & DUM: Ephippiger terrestris

regression correlation

body weight/altitude BW =— 104 H+ 24 ne (0.75)

body length/altitude UB == 9/4 iat 3320 r = — 0.74

pronotum length/altitude PRE 816 r=— 0.69

tibia length/altitude it = — OEI 96 = OU

femur length/altitude LF =—3.65 H+ 188 r = —.0.82

Table 8. Ratios between some measures of the epiproct (cf. Fig. 3A) in Ephippiger terrestris.

No. Locality

Mézel

C. d. Maure

Gréolières

C. d. Braus

C. d. Castill.

Scravaion

Tende

Vievola 1

Vievola 2

C. d. Tende 1

11. C. d. Tende 2

12, C. d. Tende 3

13. Vall. d. Arma

14A. Naggio

157 Mt. Grona

17% Collobr.

18. Fayence

SYHIDQUBEYSR TE

11.0

LT =-0.00179 Alt. 9.6

80 r=-083

EB/EA

0.82 + 0.08

0.83 + 0.09

0.77 + 0.05

1.08 + 0.09

ES) as OM

19252013

113,230]

1.14 + 0.17

1.10 + 0.14

0.97 + 0.13

0.96 + 0.10

0.99 + 0.13

0.93 + 0.13

0.82 + 0.08

0.86 + 0.05

0.97 + 0.10

0.99 + 0.10

EA/EC

1.26 + 0.12

1.25 + 0.09

1.34 + 0.13

0.98 + 0.07

0.96 + 0.07

0.86 + 0.07

0.92 + 0.08

0.94 + 0.10

0.98 + 0.09

1.10 + 0.13

1.15 + 0.09

JA2EE 007

1.19 + 0.13

1.25 + 0.06

1.22 + 0.05

1.13 + 0.09

1.09 + 0.08

altitude (m)

1000

Fig. 8. The relation between

mean length of tibia (LT) and

altitude (H) in Ephippiger ter-

restris.

EL/EM

1.29 + 0.20

1.10 + 0.10

1.06 + 0.13

1.02 + 0.15

0.94 + 0.10

0.82 + 0.10

0.95 + 0.09

0.88 + 0.06

0.84 + 0.12

0.84 + 0.10

0.83 + 0.09

0.74 + 0.11

0.78 + 0.05

0.79 + 0.07

1.21 + 0.09

1.11 + 0.09

194 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

EA,

< EA» VEC ae

forma minor

EC 1.3 t.bormansi 2

eh A2 &

PIE

1.2 013

120 a’

LE ge m'è tterrestris

inter-

mediates

A LOF n A

n°

0.9}

t.caprai

( ) EL

oF JEM

Fig. 9. The form of the epiproct in Ephippiger terrestris:

relation between the ratios EA/EC and EL/EM (see

text).

B) x

CAL o”

20} 1 È

x ee A

DI A

[18] ew

So A nt)

es 7

£ FRE ===

2 isk ol © CACA+CB-16.3-0.03°D/CA+CB

= le

10H

ol \

ze iS Li zijden

5 0 5 10

CONVEX+- STRAIGHT —» CONCAVE CD

outer margin

Fig. 10. Diagram of the relation between the relative

length of the cercal apex (CA) and the value CD (see

text).

in the nominate form. Furthermore, we confirm

Nadig's description of the granular campus medi-

anus and the receding fastigium verticis in caprat.

Our allozyme analysis showed an evidently distinct

position of capra: with a genetical distance D =

0.068 for E. t. terrestris and D = 0.076 for E. t.

bormansi. Such distances are rather low, but still in

the normal range for subspecies, for which Menken

& Ulenberg (1987) give a general range of 0.02-

0.22.

Our study of three populations of E. t. bormansı

confirmed Nadig’s (1980) observations. The anim-

als were generally very small and the abdomen is

often marked with three rows of dark spots and a

lateral yellow band. The epiproct has in the average

rather small, laterally protruding, hind corners.

The cerci have a short apex with a straight or even

slightly convex outer margin. The basal part of the

cerci tapers only slightly towards the apex; this

character corresponds with Nadig's not or hardly

thickened cercal base. The apical part of the titil-

lator is slender. The campus medianus is smooth

and the fastigium verticis steep. In our allozyme

analysis the distance to the E. £. terrestris popula-

tions is rather small: D = 0.0439, but this is prob-

ably an underestimation because we did not deter-

mine the distance to the populations no. 17 and/or

18 that were unfortunately not included in the 1981

series.

The forma minor is obviously characterized by

small body dimensions. We consider our samples 1

and 2 as typical. Table 5 and fig. 7 show that these

samples are in the mean much smaller than the

other E. t. terrestris populations, but somewhat

larger than E. t. bormansı.

As mean body dimensions are closely correlated

with altitude for the whole range of populations

studied (table 7, fig. 8) these dimensions cannot be

used as a distinctive character state for minor.

Grandcolas (1986) offered a similar biometrical

analysis and found the same relation with altitude

for ten populations ranging from 390 to 1264 m.

However, we found some small morphological dif-

ferences: usually the hind corners of the epiproct

are somewhat more prolonged (fig. 8) and there-

fore more similar to bormanst. Furthermore the

cercal apex is somewhat shorter than in the nom-

inate form. In our 1980 allozyme analysis the ge-

netical distance to terrestris amounts to 0.048,

rather high for closely related local forms (fig. 5),

whereas our 1981 analysis indicates a distance to

bormansi of 0.039. Though these values are not

entirely comparable, we suspect some bormansi

influence in our minor populations. Apparently

gene flow both in terrestris and in bormansi direc-

LANDMAN, OUDMAN & DuyM: Ephippiger terrestris 195

Table 9. Mean dimensions of the cerci of Ephippiger terrestris, cf. Fig. 3B (one unit = 1/40 th mm).

No. Locality n CA CB CD CL

1B. Mézel 21 Enk WD) 52.6 + 4.22 2.40 + 1.85 67.1 + 4.00

22 Col de Maure 29 MAR? 50.3 + 437 2.83 + 1.26 GLS == YA

DI Gréolières 23 1391322162 54.6 + 4.02 0.85 + 1.31 68.4 + 4.28

4. Col de Braus 20 Dl aa Deo! 65.2 + 3.04 3.75 + 2:42 70.8 + 3.53

DI C. d. Castillon 20 5.0 + 3.05 69.7 + 4.10 Joelle) 74.9 + 4.79

6. C. Scravaion 20 85311266 5 SEO 2.90 + 1.42 66.9 + 3.20

Vs Tende 29 7.0 + 3.41 56.1 + 2.34 222465 63.1 + 5.04

8. Vievola 1 19 10.6 + 2.93 DAN]? 1162 1.63 64.3 + 3.63

9, Vievola 2 19 1112162 55.2 + 4.34 0.24 + 1.29 66.1 + 4.59

10. C. d. Tende 1 17 IDEA 61.6 + 3.44 = 206,202] 74.1 + 3.86

ILA. Cd. Tende 2 20 IE OPES 21 60.4 + 3.23 MOLA 71.4 £ 3.53

122 C. d. Tende 3 23 1097223113 60.8 + 4.83 9122 TALS) ss)

15? Vall. del Arma 25 13-82-05 1] 66.2 + 6.22 — 2:90 1:01 74.0 + 4.50

14A. Naggio 23 11.6 + 1.69 55.6 = 2167) — 2.83 + 1.14 CHE 2:62

15 Mt. Grona 20 1922201 60.5 + 3.89 mea) HONTE SI

17% Collobr. al 182-2275 58.5 + 4.80 6.70 + 2.17 76.7 + 4.28

18. Fayence 25 18.2 + 4.20 OCSE 5.60 + 1.87 16,7 = 5.19,

CF CE CA / CL X 100 CD / CL X 100 CF / CE X 100 No.

32.8 + 1.80 ASS 7 Da 5 3.6 + 2.74 79.6 + 6.12 1B.

Mal ae.) 40.9 + 2.41 18.0 + 4.36 AS sate ZZ 80.2 + 4.50 De

329 se Di 41.0 + 2.84 202413192 lee WAX) 80.6 + 4.65 2°

DID ae 297) 45.2 + 2.49 8.0 + 3.46 531-2590 63.3 + 6.06 4.

30.8 + 2.48 49.2.2 227 6.7 + 3.92 7.7 + 2.68 62.6 + 4.50 DÌ

29.2 + 1.48 41.3 + 2.13 124270 4.4 + 2.16 70.9 + 4.31 6.

29.6 + 1.81 glassa, 10.9 + 451 1.8 + 2.58 71.9 + 4.62 Tks

29.4 + 2.41 41.2 + 1.63 15.5=25.41 1.8 + 2.47 71.5 + 4.43 8.

29.4 + 1.64 40.1 + 3.07 168-375 0.4 + 1.94 73.6 + 4.20 9.

Mey ae DAD 41.2 # 3.07 16.6 + 4.45 ZIO 78.9 + 5.63 10.

BV) ae I/O 40.1 + 2.76 15.3 + 4.16 — 2 as Dl 81.3 + 5.49 11A.

32.9 + 1.82 40.5 + 2.25 14.7 + 4.28 = Gas ey! 80.6 + 5.25 122

Wal as AO 39.1 + 3.60 18.8 + 4.23 AN SEO) 82.7 + 8.59 13:

ZINSEN GD, 34.3 1.79 SEE AA 91.5 + 6.40 14A.

DOED 38.8 + 2.43 WOT 22.2325) Sh) aN By 84.7 + 5.36 15

38.1 + 2.54 49.8 + 281 23.3 + 4.38 8.6 + 2.64 76.5 + 4.70 17.

35.0: 2.59 48.7 £ 3.82 23.8 + 5.10 Uvex Dy) 72.1 + 6.34 18.

tion is rather low, but nevertheless we think - with

Grandcolas (1986) - that the differences are too

small and too gradual for the designation mznor to

be used as an indication for any real taxonomical

unit. This term might only be used as a short-hand

for indicating the assembly of populations of ter-

restris living at higher altitudes, but without any

boundary.

The population near Gréolières (3) has many

small resemblances with the minor populations,

viz. form of epiproct, cerci and titillators. Its body

dimensions are in accordance with the altitude at

which it lives (fig. 8). In the allozyme analysis,

however, it is more closely related to populations

4 and 5 (figs. 4 and 5) than to the minor popula-

tions, to which the genetic distance is the same as

to bormanst. The occurrence of dark spot markings

in a significant number of individuals also indicates

a relation with bormansi. Nadig (1980) incorpo-

rated his specimens from Gréolières (Cheiron)

with the hybrids between terrestris and bormansı

on the basis of a great number of morphological

characters.

The populations 4 and 5 also offer some difficul-

ties with regard to their position. The form of their

epiproct is usually intermediate between caprai and

terrestris. Their cerci differ conspicuously from the

nominate form by the very short apex (fig. 10) and

the strongly tapering form of the basal part (fig.

11). In the allozyme analysis their distance to po-

196 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Fig. 11. Relative measure of

tapering of the basal part of the

cercus.

pulation 3 is small (fig. 5), much smaller than to

the populations 6 and 7. Population no. 5 is judged

by Nadig (l.c.) as belonging to the nominate form.

We add the remark that these populations show

some differences with the more western popula-

tions from the terra typica and exhibit probably

some influence from caprai.

One of the aims of this study was to investigate

the populations along the Tende transect (sites 7-

12). Nadig (1980) collected specimens from the

Col de Tende which he judged to be hybrids be-

tween the subspecies terrestris and bormansi. Our

allozyme analysis shows all six populations along

the transect to be closely related (figs. 4 and 5). The

distances of this group to caprai and terrestris are

of the same order, those to bormansi are smaller.

In concordance with the geographical situation the

sites 7-9 form one subgroup and the sites at the

south side of the Col de Tende (10-12) another one,

the genetic distance of the latter group to bormansi

being significantly smaller. The form of the epi-

proct is intermediate between bormansi, terrestris

and caprai with the sites 7-9 closest to caprai and

the sites 10-12 closest to bormansi. In the form of

the cerci bormansi influences are generally evident,

but site 7 approaches caprai. With regard to the

slenderness of the apical part of the titillators a

gradient between caprai and bormansi was found

especially at the sites 7-9. The populations re-

sembled the bormansi character state. However,

this also appears to prevail in the minor popula-

tions. Nadig (Lc. fig. 36) showed the existence of

a continuous transition in slenderness from the

caprat- towards the bormansi-state with the terres-

CGE __6.59+0514CB

r=0.35

55 60 65 70

mean length of basal part of cercus (CB)

SEG t. see

oo CE

„en DS

A 77772

> En eee

a |] azz

I ee

pere > ui L

0 50 100% O RON SO TE 100%

E.t. bormansi

A-CAMPUS MEDIANUS B-FASTIGIUM VERTICIS

Fig. 12. A (left): Distribution of the character states

granular and smooth of the campus medianus on the

pronotum in Ephippiger terrestris along the Tende tran-

sect. B(right): Distribution of the character states steep

- rather steep - receding of the fastigium verticis of the

head of E. terrestris.

LANDMAN, OUDMAN & Duy:

Table 10. The ratio TL/TA as a measure of the slender-

ness of titillators in Ephippiger terrestris.

No. Location n IEA.

DA Col de Maure 30 10.9 + 1.22

3. Gréolières 21 11.0 + 1.88

6. Scravaion 10 5.8 + 0.61

VÀ Tende 20 6.4 + 0.83

8. Vievola 1 20 6.9 + 1.03

9. Vievola 2 14 paco)

10. C. d. Tende 1 10 10974=t=M1826

11A. C.d. Tende 2 7 LOE 73

12. C. d. Tende 3 5 10.7 + 2.24

13% Vall. d. Arma 21 12.2 + 2.40

14A. Naggio 19 10924125

15 Mt. Grona 19 11.8 + 1.18

tris form at an intermediate and overlapping po-

sition. However, he did not relate these data to

geographical positions.

At sites 7-9 the campus medianus is granular, as

in caprai. At the sites along the Col de Tende this

state changes towards the smooth condition char-

acteristic for bormansı. A gradual transition is also

found with regard to the fastigium verticis: reced-

Ephippiger terrestris 197

ing in capraı and predominanty receding at sites 7-

9, with a gradual transition along the Col de Tende

sites towards the steep condition in bormanst.

With regard to the colour of the abdomen a

gradient was established in the occurrence of

(plain)-green and the abdominal marking with

rows of black spots.

Where Nadig (1980) doubted if capra was in-

volved in the origin of the intermediate popula-

tions and thought the mountain ridge forms a

sharp boundary for caprai, we think we have suf-

ficient evidence suggesting caprai influences exist-

ing in the region of intermediate populations, es-

pecially in the neighbourhood of Tende (where the

colour of the abdomen also resembles caprai), but

perhaps also in a wider area (viz. site 5).

The bormansi influence is quite clear at the Col

de Tende sites, but is — according to Nadig - much

more widespread. It is probable that this influence

is also present in the mzmor areas and is responsible

for the finding of supposed bormansi specimens as

mentioned in literature (viz. at the Col de la Cine).

Summarizing: it is fruitfull to consider Ephip-

piger terrestris - with Nadig - as a species occup-

ying an extensive area in SE France and N. Italy.

[ Jereen

= crey

[__]BRown

eOrange

eCarpentras

Fayence

WA 144 15

\ Col de Larche ceva

( eCuneo

(©

tà Col de Tende

3 4 5 ;

& QC San Remo

D 3 nator:

eGrasse

Fig. 13. The colour of the abdomen in Ephippiger terrestris.

198 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 11. Colour and abdomen marking in Ephippiger terrestris (percentages).

No. Locality n light plain

green green

6 Scravaion 32 = 100

7. Tende 25 5 93

8. Vievola 1 25 = 72

9 Vievola 2 24 4 92

10. C. d. Tende 1 28 = 64

11A. C. d. Tende 2 25 4 64

12, C. d. Tende 3 29 - 5)

13}, Vall. d. Arma 41 3 40

14A. Naggio 29 4 21

15. Mt. Grona 26 12 35

It is possible to distinguish the three subspecies

terrestris, caprai and bormansi, but only at the

outer margins of this area. All local populations

exhibit great variability in their characters, so that

it is often impossible to identify individuals to their

subspecies. No clear boundaries nor narrow hy-

bridisation zones exist between the subspecies, but

there is a large transitional field: in the centre of

the distribution area lies a quadrangular area (ap-

proximately 50 x 70 km) with intermediate popu-

lations, containing characters of all three subspe-

cies. Their influences manifest themselves often in

clinal characters, as was demonstrated by Nadig

and herein. No distinction between allopatric or

parapatric hybridization (e.g. Woodruff 1973) or

between primary and secondary intergradation ap-

pears possible, as long as no independent clues

about the history of the various taxa are available.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank the Uyttenboogaart-Eliasen Stichting,

Amsterdam and the Groninger Universiteitsfonds

for financial support. We thank prof. dr. W. van

Delden for providing laboratory facilities, for val-

uable discussion and continued interest. We are

also indebted to dr. H. van Dijk for instruction and

help with the electrophoresis techniques. We are

very grateful to dr. A. Nadig (Chur), who gener-

ously supplied us with information about his col-

lecting sites. Our thanks are due to H. J. de Vries,

who undertook the tedious work of measuring the

epiprocts. The assistance of M. Zijlstra and K.

Vrieling with computer matters is gratefully ac-

knowledged. We thank A. Decae, G. J. van Klinken,

H. Hiddingh, G. Overkamp, B. van Berkel, R.

Schoenmaker, J. van der Meulen, H. Steenbergen,

K. van Dijk, P. van der Hurk, H. Jansen, H. Von-

deling, B. Kruijt and L. Tromp for assistance in

collecting the insects. We are grateful to Dr. M. G.

dark greyish grey brown rows

green green of dark

spots

a 3 = x =

4 24 - - -

= = 4 2, =

4 15 4 15 11

8 - 24 29

- 14 = 55 49

- 12 8 25 —

- 48 7 11 52

- 39 16 - —

Ritchie for critically reading the manuscript and

for correcting the English. Furthermore we thank

Mrs. J. Poelstra for typing the manuscript and D.

Visser and D. van der Spek for making the draw-

ings.

REFERENCES

Dijk, H. van & W. van Delden, 1981. Genetic variability

in Plantago species in relation to their ecology. I.

Genetic analysis of the allozyme variation in P. major

subspecies. — Theoretical and Applied Genetics 60:

285-290.

Duijm, M. & L. Oudman, 1983. Interspecific mating in

Ephippiger (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea). -

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 126: 97-108.

Grandcolas, Ph., 1986. About the status of Ephippiger

terrestris forma minor. — Articulata 11: 299-305.

Hartley, J. C. & A. C. Warne, 1984. Taxonomy of the

Ephippiger ephippiger complex (ephippiger, cruciger

and centi) with special reference to the mechanics of

copulation. - Eos 60: 43-54.

Landman, W. L., 1981. Genetische afstand en verwant-

schap in de Ephippigeridae. - Internal report Depart-

ment of Genetics, University of Groningen. (unpub-

lished)

Menken, S. B. J. & S. A. Ulenberg, 1987. Biochemical

Characters in Agricultural Entomology. - Agricultural

Zoology Reviews 2: 305-360.

Nadig, A., 1980. Ephippiger terrestris (Yersin) und E.

bormansi (Br. v. W.) (Orthoptera): Unterarter einer

polytypischen Art. Beschreibung einer dritten Unte-

rart: E. terrestris caprai ssp. n. aus den Ligurischen

Alpen. - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 87: 473-512.

Nei, M., 1975. Molecular population genetics and Evolu-

tion. - North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam.

Sneath, P. H. A. & R. R. Sokal, 1973. Numerical Taxon-

omy. - Freeman, San Francisco.

Woodruff, D. S., 1973. Natural hybridization and hybrid

zones. — Systematic Zoology 22: 213-218.

Received: 4 January 1989

Revised version accepted: 29 May 1989

A TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF THE COLEOPHORIDAE

(LEPIDOPTERA) OF CHINA.

Contribution to the knowledge of the Coleophoridae, LIMI

GIORGIO BALDIZZONE

ABSTRACT

Baldizzone, G., 1989. A taxonomic review of the Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera) of China.

Contribution to the knowledge of the Coleophoridae, LIII. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie

132: 199-240, figs. 1-120. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 1989.

The present taxonomic knowledge of the Coleophoridae of China is reviewed. Thirty-one

species are recorded here, of which fourteen species are described as new: Coleophora lucida,

C. buteella, C. caradjai, C. plurispinella, C. hoeneella, C. tibetana, C. cristata, C. alecturella,

C. sittella, C. falcipenella, C. yunnanica, C. denticulata, C. tuberculata and C. batangica. The

genitalia of C. seminalis Meyrick and C. summivola Meyrick are illustrated for the first time.

Two new synonymies are established: C. ëmmortalis Meyrick, 1922, a junior subjective synonym

of C. seminalis Meyrick, 1921 and C. nivifera Meyrick, 1930, a junior subjective synonym

of C. versurella Zeller, 1849.

Key words. — Coleophoridae; China; taxonomy; new species.

Dr. G. Baldizzone, Via Manzoni, 24, I-14100 Asti, Italy.

INTRODUCTION

The actual knowledge of the Chinese Coleopho-

ridae is very limited: up till now only the following

eight species have been reported from this vast

country: Coleophora neviusella Busck (Busck

1904), C. melanograpta Meyrick (Caradja & Meyr-

ick 1935), C. vibicigerella Zeller (= C. mandschu-

riae Toll), C. hsiaolingensis Toll (Toll 1942), C.

nivifera Meyrick, C. summivola Meyrick (Meyrick

1930), C. scioleuca Meyrick (Meyrick 1938) and

C. sinensis Yang (Yang 1983).

Judging from the important works by Falkovitsh

(1972b, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977 and 1978), Fal-

kovitsh & Reznik (1980) and Reznik (1974, 1976

and 1977) the Coleophoridae are well represented

in Eastern Asia. They described many new species

from the rich material, representing about 100

species of Coleophoridae, collected by Z. Kaszab

in Mongolia. Their works on the fauna of Mongolia

and the region of Primorye (Southeast USSR)

form the basis of the study of Eastern Asiatic Co-

leophoridae. The fauna of Japan should also be

taken into consideration. Currently 31 species are

known from Japan (Baldizzone & Oku 1988a,

199

1988b) and many more new species, together with

a considerable number of species known from Eu-

rope, will be added to the Japanese list (Baldizzone

& Oku in press, in preparation). Finally, I have

just completed a paper on two new species from

Korea (Baldizzone 1989), whereas a list of the

twelve species known from that region will be

published later in collaboration with K. T. Park.

The aim of the present paper is to review the

taxonomic information on Chinese Coleophoridae

that is actually available. For that purpose I have

examined all material — wich is, unfortunately,

very little — that is kept in the museums of Europe

and the United States. The greater portion of this

material formed part of the well-known Höne col-

lection; the specimens that fortunately escaped

from the destructions of the second world war

have found their way to the Museum of Natural

History “Grigore Antipa” in Bucharest and the

Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum

Alexander Koenig in Bonn. A small number of

specimens examined are kept in the Issiki col-

lection of the National Museum of Natural History

in Washington, whereas the majority of the Mey-

200 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

rick types are in the British Museum (Natural His-

tory) in London. Unfortunately I have not been

able to study specimens recently taken in China or

material from collections within China. In the

material studied, 23 species were found in addition

to the eight mentioned above, making a total of 31.

Of these, 14 are here described as new.

I hope that this paper may form the basis for

future studies on the Coleophoridae of China, and

will enlarge our knowledge of this vast and com-

plicated family.

Concerning the systematics of the species

treated: I have followed Toll’s system, as ex-

pounded in his publications of 1952b and 1962.

Undoubtedly this system is due for a revision, based

on our present-day knowledge: according to my

opinion (and here I agree with Sattler & Tremewan

1978) the system proposed by Capuse (1971, 1975)

and Falkovitsh (1972a, 1987) is not useful and

complicates, instead of simplifies, the problems in

this family. Probably, instead of erecting a great

number of new genera, it is necessary to rearrange

the species within Coleophora into several species

groups. However, before one can succeed in such an

operation, the exact status of the species described

by the authors of the past should be assessed, and

modern methods should be employed to establish

the phylogenies of and the relations among the

different groups.

I have not prepared a key to the species treated

in this paper, as their number is too small in rela-

tion to what can be expected to be the ultimate

fauna of China. The 31 species treated here often

belong to groups that are, systematically speaking,

far from related, and it is to be expected that many

unknown species should be placed in between these

groups. In this case a comparison of the size of

Italy, where more than 240 species of Coleophori-

dae occur, with that of China is relevant.

Locality names are spelled according to the latest

edition (1986) of the “Times Atlas of the World,

comprehensive edition”. In this edition the Chi-

nese names are transcribed with the now widely

accepted pinyin romanization. Where the original

spelling on labels is deviating, this is added be-

tween square brackets. Information on the locali-

ties visited by Höne and cooperators is provided by

Niethammer (1963). A gazetteer of localities is

provided here as an appendix.

Abbreviations for museums:

BMNH British Museum (Natural History), Lon-

don, U.K.

Institute of Systematic and Experimental

Zoology PAS, Cracow, Poland

IZPC

INK Landessamlungen für Naturkunde, Karls-

ruhe, West Germany

MGAB Museum fiir Naturkunde der Humboldt-

Universitàt, Berlin, East Germany

RMNH Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,

Leiden, Netherlands

USNM U.S. National Museum of Natural His-

tory, Smithsonian Institution, Washing-

ton, USA

Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Mu-

seum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, West Ger-

many

ZFMK

Checklist of the Coleophoridae of China

Coleophora Hübner, 1822

lucida n. sp.

neviusiella Busck, 1904

eurasiatica Baldizzone, in press

buteella n. sp.

melanograpta Meyrick, 1935

caradjai n. sp.

changaica Reznik, 1975

vibicigerella Zeller, 1839

mandschuriae Toll, 1942

hoeneella n. sp.

tibetana n. sp.

sinensis Yang, 1983

citrarga Meyrick, 1934

seminalis Meyrick, 1921

immortalis Meyrick, 1922 n. syn.

cristata n. sp.

scioleuca Meyrick, 1938

alecturella n. sp.

sittella n. sp.

versurella Zeller, 1839

nivifera Meyrick, 1930 n. syn.

hsiaolingensis Toll, 1942

vestianella (Linnaeus, 1758)

summivola Meyrick, 1930

bagorella Falkovitsh, 1977

yomogiella Oku, 1974

kurokoi Oku, 1974

falcipenella n. sp.

yunnanica n. Sp.

artemisiella Scott, 1861

denticulata n. sp.

tuberculata n. sp.

weymarni Toll, 1942

batangica n. sp.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

On this occasion I wish to express my gratitude

to all those who have helped me, either by sending

material, or by giving me information. In particular

I would like to thank: Dr. Aurelian Popescu-Gorj

BALDIZZONE:

(MGAB), who with great diligence and patience

has traced all the Höne specimens in the storage

rooms of the Caradja collection, Prof. Dr. U. Roes-

ler (LNK), Dr. Klaus Sattler (BMNH), Dr. Don

Davis and Dr. Ronald Hodges (USNM).

A special word of thanks is due to my Dutch

friends Dr. Erik van Nieukerken (RMNH) and

Hugo van der Wolf (Nuenen) for their assistance

in realising this publication.

Coleophora lucida sp. n.

(figs. 1, 22, 40, 41)

Type material. — Holotype 8, China: Prov. Zhejiang

[Chekiang], West Tienmushan, 24.v.1932, H. Hone, ge-

nitalia slide Bldz 6892 (ZFMK).

Description. — Male (fig. 22) (Female un-

known). Wingspan 10 mm. Head (fig. 1), thorax

and abdomen nut-brown. Head with white scales

above the eye; labial palps white on inner surface

and suffused with brown scales on outer surface:

the second segment approximately half the length

of the third. Antenna with very thick tuft of nut-

brown short hairs at the base of the first segment;

flagellum ringed white and light brown. Forewing

with a uniform light nut-brown colour with a na-

creous lustre; a thin ochreous costal streak from

base to three quarts, fringes concolorous with

wing, but lighter. Hind wing dark pearl-grey;

fringes light yellow-grey.

Male genitalia (fig. 40). — Gnathos very big,

oval. Tegumen cylindrical, with two broad and

short arms. Transtilla narrow and stretched, trian-

gular. Valva short and thick, broader at the base

than at the top which is rounded. Valvula broad,

irregularly oval, covered with short bristles. Saccu-

lus with an almost straight ventral edge, the lateral

edge curved to the inside, forming an angle of

nearly 45° with the ventro-caudal angle. Aedeagus

slightly curved, long, dorsally more sclerotised. No

cornuti.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 41). — No

posterior lateral struts, transverse strut almost

straight, with a thicker distal edge. Tergal disks

(3rd tergite) oval, each with about twenty small

conical spines.

Diagnosis. — This species is difficult to place in

Toll's system, as it differs much from all known

Coleophora species. It may belong to the second

group because of its habitus and the form of its

tegumen and aedeagus. C. /ucida is closely related

to C. eteropennella Baldizzone & Oku, 1988a from

Japan. However, the following differences can be

observed: in C. /ucida the transtilla is narrower and

Coleophoridae of China 201

longer; the valva is narrower at the apex, the sac-

culus forms a more acute angle than that of

eteropennella, which is exactly 45° ; the aedeagus is

longer and more curved, and also the vesica is

longer; C. lucida is without any cornuti, whereas

eteropennella has a single big one, in the form of

a nail.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Eastern China.

Coleophora neviusiella Busck, 1904

Coleophora neviusiella Busck, 1904: 45. Lectotype & (Se-

lected by Baldizzone, 1986: 140) China, [Prov. Shan-

dong], Yantai [Che-foo], 24.vi.1903, on apple, genita-

lia slide Bldz 7797 (USNM) [examined].

Coleophora eothina Falkovitsh 1974: 233 (Synonymized

by Baldizzone, 1986: 140).

Other material examined. — Paralectotype 9, same

data as lectotype, Mrs. Nevius, genitalia slide Bldz 7798

(USNM)

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 7th

group of Toll’s system. When publishing the syn-

onymy of C. eothina Falkovitsh, 1974 I dealt with

this species, and illustrated the female genitalia

(Baldizzone 1986).

Biology. — The species lives on apple (Malus

spp.) and Bramble (Rubus spp.). The case was

described by Falkovitsh (1974).

Distribution. — Eastern China and USSR, Pri-

morye.

Coleophora eurasiatica Baldizzone, 1989

Coleophora eurasiatica Baldizzone, 1989. Holotype, à,

China, Shanghai [Schangai, Prov. Kiangsu],

28.viii.1944, H. Hone (ZFMK) [examined].

Diagnosis. — The species, of which the female

is unknown, belongs to the 8th group of Toll’s

system and should be placed near C. algeriensis

Toll.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — China, Korea, Hungary.

Coleophora buteella sp. n

(figs. 3, 23, 44, 45)

Type material. — Holotype $, China: prov. Yunnan

[Provinz Nord-Yuennan], Lijiang [Li-kiang], 6.vii.1934,

H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 6887 (ZFMK). Paratype 1

8, data as holotype, but 30.vii.1935, genitalia slide Bldz

6884 (LNK).

Description. — Male (fig. 23) (Female un-

known). Wingspan 10-11 mm. Head (fig. 3) dor-

sally fulvous brown, laterally white. Thorax and

202 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

abdomen light brown. Labial palps white on inner

surface, almost completely covered with brown

scales on outer surface; the second segment is about

twice the length of the third.

Antenna with a big tuft of short fulvous hairs at

the base of the first segment; flagellum ringed

white and dark brown. Fore wing uniformly ful-

vous brown, with a thin lighter costal streak;

fringes of the same colour.

Male genitalia (fig. 44). — Gnathos globular.

Tegumen cylindrical, narrowing at two-thirds,

with two short arms. Transtilla narrow, long,

rounded at the apex, where it is wider than at the

base. Valvula broad, the ventral edge rounded, co-

vered with short bristles. Sacculus heavily sclero-

tised, its ventral edge almost straight and its lateral

edge oblique; it is rounded towards the ventro-

caudal angle and ends in the dorso-caudal angle

with a crooked point which reaches the middle of

the valve. Aedeagus conical, long, simply formed.

Number of cornuti 4-5, in the form of needles of

different lengths, united at the base.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 45). —

Posterior lateral struts about half the length of the

anterior ones. Transverse strut straight and thin,

with a thicker distal edge. Tergal disks (3rd tergite)

about four times longer than wide.

Diagnosis. — This species belongs to the 9th

group of Toll’s system and should be placed in the

section of C. discordella Zeller. C. buteella can eas-

ily be distinguished from discordella by the shape

of the process in the dorso-caudal angle of the

sacculus, which is shorter and stouter, and by the

cornuti which are more numerous and shorter than

those of discordella.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from Yunnan, in

Southern China.

Coleophora melanograpta Meyrick, 1935

(fig. 24)

Coleophora melanograpta Meyrick, in Caradja & Meyr-

ick, 1935: 90. Holotype 6, China, Prov. Jiangsu

[Kiangsu], Longtan [Lungtan bei Nanking],

16.vi.1933, H. Höne, genitalia slide Bldz 8054

(MGAB) [examined].

Other Material examined. — 1 @, Prov. Zhejiang

[Chekiang], West Tienmushan, 28.viii.1932, H. Hone,

genitalia slide Bldz 6889 (ZFMK). 1 4, [USSR], Amur,

genitalia slide Toll 232 (MGAB).

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 16th

group of Toll’s system and should be placed

in the section of zelleriella Heinemann. This spe-

cies is treated by Baldizzone & Oku (in press).

Biology. — €. melanograpta lives on Oak

(Quercus sp.) and the larva occupies a pistol-

shaped case. Dr. Oku is studying the biology of the

species, following information I have found in the

Issiki collection in the USNM.

Distribution. — Eastern China, Korea and Ja-

pan.

Coleophora caradjai sp. n.

(figs. 11, 25, 48-54)

Type material. — Holotype @, China, Prov. Shandong

[Pr. Shantung], Taishan, mountain top [Gipfelhöhe], ca

1550 m., 29.viii.1934, H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 8053

(MGAB). Paratype 1 Q, data as holotype, but 12.viii.1934,

genitalia slide Bldz 6873 (ZFMK).

Description. — Imago (fig. 25). Wing span 14

mm. Head (fig. 11), thorax and abdomen white.

Labial palps white: the second segment about 2.5

times longer than the third. Antenna completely

white, with some long hairs at the base. Fore wing

with various shades of ochre towards the dorsal

margin and light brown towards the costal margin.

A thin white costal streak reaches the apex, where

the wing is completely brown. Fringes brown near

the apex and light yellow elsewhere. Hind wings

brown; fringes light brown-grey.

Male genitalia (fig. 48). — Gnathos small, oval.

Tegumen long, trapezoid, with two short and broad

arms. Transtilla very small and short, triangular,

rounded. Valva narrow and long, less curved at the

base than at the apex, club-shaped. Valvula very big

and sclerotised, triangular, covered with bristles.

Sacculus heavily sclerotised, curved, widening from

the base towards the dorso-caudal angle, where it

narrows into a small and sharp point which reaches

the middle of the valva. Aedeagus big, conical,

dorsally more sclerotised. Numerous cornuti of dif-

ferent lengths, united into a long, curved tress.

Structure of the abdominal supports (fig. 49). —

No posterior lateral struts. Transverse strut with a

straight proximal edge and a convex distal one.

Tergal disks (3rd tergite) about three times longer

than wide.

Female genitalia (fig. 53). — Papillae anales

small, oval. Apophyses posteriores almost twice as

long as apophyses anteriores. Lamella antevagina-

lis trapezoid, distal margin convex. It is deeply

excavated in the middle at the level of the ostium

bursae, which is wide, in the form of a cup. Infun-

dibulum long, funnel-shaped, with sclerotised me-

dian line as long as the ductus bursae. The ductus

bursae is very long, about 14 times longer than the

BALDIZZONE:

lamella antevaginalis: the upper part, which is 8

times longer than the lamella antevaginalis, is en-

tirely covered with many very small conical spines;

below that the ductus is transparent, with the ex-

ception of the median line, and ends in a wide

curve, at the end of which it is partially covered

with small spines towards the beginning of the

ductus seminalis. Bursa very wide, bag-shaped with

a leaf-shaped signum.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 18th

group of Toll's system and should be placed in the

section of stramentella Zeller. C. caradjai n. sp. is

not difficult to identify because of its habitus — its

fore wings are two-colloured and because of the

following characteristics of the genitalia: In the

male, the gnathos is smaller and longer, the tegu-

men is wide and stout, the transtilla is longer, the

sacculus has a wider edge and ends in a shorter

point, there are fewer cornuti, united into a shorter

formation. With regard to the female genitalia it

can be observed that the lamella antevaginalis is

shorter, which is also the case with the apophyses

anteriores and posteriores. The ostium bursae is

wider and the spines of the ductus bursae are

smaller.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — The species has only been taken

in Eastern China.

Coleophora changaica Reznik, 1975

Coleophora changaica Reznik, 1975: 372.

Material examined. — 1 &, China, Prov. Shaanxi

[Sued-Shensi], Taibai Shan, Qin Ling [Tapaisan im Tsinl-

ing], 28.v.1935, H. Höne, genitalia slide Bldz 8512

(MGAB).

Biology. — The species lives on different species

of Artemisia.

Distribution. — China, Mongolia, Central Asia,

the Crimea, Jordan, Spain and Algeria.

Coleophora vibicigerella Zeller

Coleophora vibicigerella Zeller, 1839: 206.

Coleophora mandschuriae Toll, 1942: 291. Holotype 6,

China, Zalantun, in Nei Mongol Zizhiqu [Djalantun,

Manchuria, prov. Kirin], 1127’, 7.vii.1938 (IZPC)

[examined].

Biology. — The species lives on Achillea and

Artemisia sp.

Distribution. — China, Korea, North Africa and

Europe. |

Coleophoridae of China 203

Coleophora plurispinella sp. n.

(figs. 2, 26, 55-57)

Type material. — Holotype 8, China, Prov. Shandong

[Shantung], Taishan (1550 m.), 11.ix.1934, H. Hône,

genitalia slide Bldz 6888 (ZFMK).

Description. — Male (fig. 26) (Female un-

known). Wing span 13 mm. Head (fig. 2), thorax

and abdomen white. The second segment of the

labial palps is about twice the length of the third.

Antenna with a big bush of ochreous hairs at the

base of the first segment, which is white. Flagellum

light brown. Fore wing light ochreous, with a tri-

angular brown part along the radial veins. There

are silver lines along the costa, the medial, cubital

and anal veins. Fringes brown at the apex, yellow-

grey elsewhere. Hind wing light brown; fringes

light brown-grey.

Male genitalia (fig. 55). — Gnathos big, oval.

Subscaphium stout, narrowed at two thirds, with

two short and stout arms. Transtilla triangular,

pointed. Valva short, broad at the apex, narrowed

at the base, much curved. Valvula large, irregularly

trapezoid, the lateral edge sclerotised, covered with

bristles. Sacculus very much rounded, the edge

quite sclerotised, covered with bristles, on the lat-

eral edge below the dorso-caudal angle a big trian-

gular dent. Aedeagus short and conical, much

sclerotised basically and dorsally. A great number

of cornuti (more than 25), spines of different

lengths united into a long formation.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 56). — No

posterior lateral struts. Transverse strut thick, its

proximal edge straight and thin, the distal edge

thicker, convex. Tergal disks (3rd tergite) almost 4

times longer than wide.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 18th

group of Toll's system and, because of the structure

of the male genitalia, should be placed in the sec-

tion of C. astragalella Zeller. The most obvious

differences are: in astragalella (fig. 58) the valva is

longer, the lateral process of the sacculus is shorter

and sharper, the number of cornuti is only 5-6,

whereas plurispinella has more than 25.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — The species has only been taken

in Eastern China.

Coleophora hoeneella sp. n.

(figs. 12, 27, 59-61)

Type material. — Holotype 9, China, Tibet, Batang,

Jinsha Jiang Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m,

11.vi.1936, H. Höne, genitalia slide Bldz 8895 (MGAB).

204

Description. — Female (fig. 27) (Male un-

known). Wing span 15 mm. Head (fig. 12), thorax

and abdomen white. Labial palps entirely white:

the second segment is about three times longer

than the third. Antenna with a long, ochreous hair-

tuft at the base of the first segment; flagellum

ringed white and brown. Fore wing nut-brown, a

broad, white costal band, a long, white streak along

the cubital vein and a shorter one along the medial

vein. Fringes light grey-brown. Hind wing light

brown with light grey-brown fringes.

Female genitalia (fig. 59). — Papillae anales

broad and oval. Apophyses posteriores widenend

to a club-shape below the papilles, they are about

2.5 times longer than the apophyses anteriores.

Lamella antevaginalis trapezoid with many horiz-

ontal folds in the distal part. Lamella postvaginalis

trapezoid, very simple. Ostium bursae wide, oval.

Infundibulum cup-shaped. Ductus bursae massive,

oval, covered with very thick conical spines, form-

ing two bands along its first part, whereas the

second part is completely transparent, with the

exception of a small, curved part, which is weakly

spotted with chitine. Bursa wide, bag-shaped, with

a leaf-shaped signum.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 61). —

Posterior lateral struts about half the length of the

anterior ones. Transverse strut, almost straight,

with a proximal edge sclerotised in the middle and

a distal edge more sclerotised at the sides. Tergal

disks (3rd tergite) about 3 times longer than wide.

Diagnoss. — The species belongs to the 18th

group of Toll's system. Because of the structure of

the female genitalia, it should be placed in the

section of ditella Zeller. The following differences

with that species can be observed: the subgenital

plate of hoeneella is narrower and longer; the duc-

tus bursae is covered with spines over a shorter dis-

tance than that of ditella; the signum bursae is

smaller.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora tibetana sp. n.

(figs. 13, 28, 62-65)

Type material. — Holotype g, China, Tibet, Batang,

Jinsha Jiang Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m,

28.vii.1936, H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 8892 (MGAB).

Paratypes 2 @, data as holotype, but 1.vii.1936, genitalia

slide Bldz 8894, and 12.vii.1936, genitalia slide Bldz 8896.

Description. — Male (fig. 28) (Female un-

known). Wing span 18-19 mm. Head (fig. 13),

thorax and abdomen white. Labial palps white,

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

partially suffused with brown on outer surface: the

second segment is about twice the length of the

third. Antenna with a tuft of reddish hairs at the

base. Flagellum ringed white and light brown. Fore

wing ochreous in the dorsal and brown in the costal

half. Pearly-white streaks on the surface of the

wing: the longest along the costa from base to four-

fifths; two short, triangular streaks at the apex

along veins R3 and RS; a broad band along vein

M1, from the centre of the wing to the margin;

another broad streak along the cubital vein; the last

streak in the area of veins A(1+2). Fringes light

yellow-grey. Hind wing and fringes light yellow-grey.

Male genitalia (fig. 62). — Gnathos big, oval.

Tegumen narrow and long, cylindrical, with two

short arms. Transtilla small and short, triangular.

Valva narrow and long, narrower at the base than

at the apex, club-shaped. Valvula large, irregularly

trapezoid, covered with bristles. Sacculus small, its

ventral margin weakly curved and its lateral mar-

gin straight, in the dorso-caudal angle ending in a

sharp traingular point, which reaches the base of

the valva. Aedeagus short and conical, only dorsally

sclerotised. The cornuti are numerous, in the form

of spines of different lengths, united into a shape

that resembles a brush.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 63). —

Posterior lateral struts about half the length of the

anterior ones. Transverse strut very thick, its prox-

imal edge convex and its distal edge almost

straight. Tergal disks (3rd tergite) about 4 times

longer than wide.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 18th

group of Toll's system, but it is difficult to place it

in any known section because of the very character-

istic genitalia. It may be close to C. canarupennella

Toll, a species of Iran, which can easily be distin-

guished from tibetana because of the following

characteristics: in canariipennella the aedeagus and

the valva are considerably shorter, the cornuti are

fewer in number, united into a long row, whereas

the lateral margin of sacculus is fully crenated.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora sinensis Yang

Coleophora sinensis Yang, 1983: 107. Holotype 9, China,

Prov. Shanxi [Shansi], 13.vi.1979. (North-Eastern

College of Forestry, China). [not examined].

Diagnosis. — The species, described on the basis

of 21 specimens, belongs to the 25th group of Toll's

system and should be placed near C. laricella

Hübner.

BALDIZZONE:

Biology. — The species is recorded to live on

Larix principis-rupprechti Mayr.

Distribution. — Only reported from Shanxi and

Hebei provinces.

Coleophora citrarga Meyrick

(fig. 10)

Coleophora citrarga Meyrick, 1934: 460.

Material examined. — 1

27.vi.1946, leg. Issiki (USNM).

Q, Taiwan, Taihoku,

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll's system and should be placed in the

section of glaucicolella Wood. It is treated in a

paper on some species of Japan (Baldizzone & Oku,

in press). i

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Japan and Taiwan.

Coleophora seminalis Meyrick

(figs. 16, 29, 66-73)

Coleophora seminalis Meyrick, 1921: 189. Holotype 6,

Java, Pekalongan, van Deventer, Coll. Piepers-

Snellen, “M.525”, genitalia slide Bldz 9247 (RMNH)

[examined].

Coleophora immortalis Meyrick, 1922: 556. Holotype 4,

Fiji Islands, Lautoka, 24.iv. on flower of Amaranthus

paniculatus, W. Greenwood (BMNH) [examined].

Syn. n.

Material examined. — China, 2 6, Shanghai [Schangai,

Prov. Kiangsu], 19.viii.1942 and 21.viii.1943, H. Hone

(ZFMK).

Male genitalia (fig. 66). — Gnathos big, oval.

Tegumen trapezoid, considerably narrowed to-

wards three quarters, with two long and broad

arms. Transtilla broad and flattened, irregularly

oval. Valva large, very broad, its dorsal margin

curved. Valvula small, heavily sclerotised, irregu-

larly oval. Sacculus broad, characterised by two tri-

angular points at the angles: the point at the ven-

tro-caudal angle is longer than that at the dorso-

caudal angle. Aedeagus narrow and long, consisting

of two sclerotised bands, of which one is thinner

and sharp at the apex, the other thicker, with a

curved tooth at the apex in ventral position. Cor-

nuti numbering 6—7, of different lengths, united

into an irregular row.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 67). — No

posterior lateral struts. Transverse strut straight,

its proximal edge thicker than the distal one. Ter-

gal disks (3rd tergite) about twice longer than

broad.

Coleophoridae of China 205

Female genitalia (fig. 70). — Papilles anales

narrow and long. Apophyses posteriores about

twice the length of the anterior ones. Subgenital

plate trapezoid, its distal margin convex with some

bristles; it shows two folds, symmetrical with the

sides of the ostium bursae. Ostium bursae oval,

opening at three quarters of the subgenital plate.

Infundibulum tube-shaped, medially expanded.

Ductus bursae with a median line in its first half as

far as the central curve; ductus covered with conical

spines over a section about twice the length of the

subgenital plate. The remainder of the ductus is

almost transparent. Bursa oval, with a signum of a

singular shape: a small irregularly oval plate

crowned by an abrupt upper edge. This signum

varies considerably and can also have numerous

rounded spines.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system and might be placed in the

section of glaucicolella Wood. I have frequently had

the opportunity to observe considerable variations

in the colouring of the wings, and even more in the

genitalia: in the male, the valva and the valvula, the

triangular processes of the sacculus, the point of

the aedeagus and the cornuti; in the female the

form of the signum bursae.

Biology. — Meyrick’s descriptions were based on

specimens reared from different species of

Amaranthus.

Distribution. — Fiji Islands, Java, Eastern China,

Australia, New Guinea, Sumatra (material recently

examined by me.)

Coleophora cristata sp. n.

(figs. 5, 30, 74-77)

Type material. — Holotype 8, China, Prov. Zhejiang

[Chekiang], West Tianmu Shan [Tien-mu-shan],

8.ix.1932, H. Höne, genitalia slide Bldz 6888 (ZFMK).

Description. — Male (fig. 30) (Female un-

known). Wing span 13 mm. Head (fig. 5), thorax

and abdomen white. Labial palps white, suffused

with reddish scales on outer surface: the second

segment is almost half as long as the third. An-

tenna entirely white, with the exception of a short

tuft of reddish hairs at the base of the first segment.

Fore wing completely white, weakly streaked red-

dish along the veins, with some brown scales in the

apical area. Fringes white at apex and light brown

at the dorsal costa. Hind wing and fringes light

brown.

Male genitalia (fig. 74). — Gnathos globular.

Tegumen narrowed towards three quarters with

two long, flattened arms. Transtilla broad, irregu-

larly trapezoid, its distal margin curved and point-

206 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

ed. Valva large, wider at the apex than at the base.

Valvula small, trapezoid, covered with bristles. Sac-

culus with curved ventral margin and straight

lateral margin: a small rounded tooth in the ven-

tro-caudal angle, and in the dorso-caudal angle four

triangular teeth of different sizes, having the shape

of a cock’s comb. Aedeagus long, forming two

sclerotised bands, the thin one ending in a sharp

apex, the thick one in a triangular point, sur-

mounted by a long, curved protuberance. There are

five cornuti, of which four are curved, in the form

of spines of different lengths, whereas the fifth is

quite long, together with the others forming a kind

of talon.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 57). — No

posterior lateral struts. Transverse strut with a

convex proximal edge and an almost straight distal

one. Tergal disks (3rd tergite) about twice longer

than broad.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system and should be placed in the

section of C. virgaureae Stainton. The two species

can easily be separated by the following character-

istics of the male genitalia: in C. cristata n. sp. the

transtilla is larger with a sharper point in the

dorsal margin; the sacculus is narrower and the

teeth in the dorso-caudal angle are shorter and

stouter: the aedeagus is longer and the dorsal pro-

tuberance is thicker and longer than that in

virgaureae; the cornuti are longer and have a dif-

ferent shape.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Eastern China.

Coleophora scioleuca Meyrick

(figs. 4, 31, 78-81)

Coleophora scioleuca Meyrick, in Caradja & Meyrick,

1938: 20. Lectotype @ (here designated) China, | Prov.

North Yunnan], Lijiang [Likiang], H.6-34, genitalia

slide BMNH 24443 (BMNH) [examined].

Other material examined. — Paralectotype & (abdo-

men missing), data as lectotype but 10.vi.1934, H. Hone,

(MGAB).

Male genitalia (fig. 78). — Gnathos oval. Tegu-

men triangular, considerably narrowed towards

three quarters, with two long and flattened arms.

Transtilla straight, curved at the apex, which has a

point curved backwards. Valva long, slightly

curved, rounded at the apex, very oblique. Valvula

irregularly triangular, heavily sclerotised, covered

with long setae. Sacculus narrow, with a large,

triangular fold at the base; the lateral margin is

curved, heavily sclerotised, and the dorso-caudal

angle has two big, rounded teeth. Aedeagus long,

curved, forming two bands, more sclerotised dor-

sally, of which the thin one ends in a narrow, sharp

point, whereas the thicker one is broader at the

apex, which is curved and ends in a sharp point.

Only one cornutus, which is very long, curved, and

fine in the form of a needle.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 79). — No

posterior lateral struts; transverse strut thick, with

a convex proximal edge and an almost straight

distal edge. Tergal disks (3rd tergite) about five

times longer than broad.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system and should probably be

placed in the section of therinella Tengström. As

the female is not known, it is impossible for me at

the moment to give it a more precise position.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Southern China, Nepal.

Coleophora alecturella sp. n.

(figs. 15, 32, 82-85)

Type material. — Holotype 6, China, Tibet, Batang,

Jinsha Jiang Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m,

3.viii.1936, H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 8913 (MGAB).

Description. — Male (fig. 32) (Female un-

known). Wing span 11 mm. Head (fig. 15), thorax

and abdomen light brown. Labial palps entirely

white on inner surface and almost entirely suffused

with nut-brown scales on outer surface: the second

segment is about twice the length of the third.

Antenna without hairtuft at the base. Flagellum

ringed white and brown. Fore wing uniformly

pearly light brown. Fringes brown. Hind wing and

fringes uniformly pearly brown.

Male genitalia (fig. 82). — Gnathos oval. Tegu-

men trapezoid, with two long arms. Transtilla

large, flattened, oval. Valva short and stout, ob-

lique. Valvula small, triangular, heavily sclerotised.

Sacculus small, strongly curved and thick on the

ventral and lateral margin, which ends in the

dorso-caudal angle in a structure covered with

small, rounded teeth of different sizes. Aedeagus

stout, consisting of two sclerotised bands, of which

one is shorter with a triangular point, the other

longer, surmounted by a triangular tooth on the

dorsal half, and with a small, rounded tooth at the

apex. Cornuti 7-8, of different lengths, united into

a long formation, thicker at the base.

Structure of abdominal supports: (fig. 83). — No

posterior lateral struts. Transverse strut slightly

convex. thinner in the middle. Tergal disks (3rd

tergite) about twice longer than broad.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system and should, because of the

BALDIZZONE:

structure of the male genitalia, be placed in the

section of sternipennella Zetterstedt, near

monoceros Falkovitsh. C. alecturella can be distin-

guished by the following characteristics: the aedea-

gus has a triangular tooth, the transtilla is oval and

the cornuti are long.

Biology. — unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora sittella sp. n.

(figs. 18, 33, 86-89)

Type material. — Holotype 8, China, Prov. Yunnan

[Nord-Yuennan], Lijiang [Li-kiang], 9.vii.1934, H. Hone,

genitalia slide Bldz 6900 (ZFMK). Paratypes 2 8, data as

holotype, but 19.viii.1934, genitalia slide Bldz 6893 and

26.vii.1935, genitalia slide Bldz 6875; 1 8, Shanghai

[Schangai, Prov. Kiangsu], 19.v.1932, H. Höne, genitalia

slide Bldz 6869 (ZFMK, LNK).

Description. — Male (fig. 33) (Female un-

known). Wing span 12-13 mm. Head (fig. 18),

thorax and abdomen nut-brown. Labial palps

white, suffused with light brown scales on outer

surface: the second segment about half the length

of the third. Antenna with some reddish hairs at

the base of the first segment; flagellum ringed

white and nut-brown. Fore wing nut-brown

streaked with white along the main veins; fringes

pearly light brown. Hind wing uniformly brown,

with pearly light brown fringes.

Male genitalia (fig. 86). — Gnathos oval. Tegu-

men big, triangular, considerably narrowed to-

wards three quarters, with two long and very broad

arms. Transtilla very large, irregularly trapezoid.

Valva short and stout, wider at the base than at the

apex, which is rounded. Valvula oval, narrow and

long, heavily sclerotised. Sacculus with curved ven-

tral margin and straight lateral margin, with many

small teeth of different sizes in the dorso-caudal

angle. Aedeagus with a rather complicated struc-

ture, consisting of two sclerotised bands of widely

differing shapes: the shorter one ends in a rounded

apex and is surmounted by a long, curved and

serrated horn in its dorsal middle, the longer one

is rather thick and ends in a curved and bifurcated

apex, with two rounded points. Cornuti numerous,

shaped like curved needles of different lengths,

united at the base into a long structure.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 87). — No

posterior lateral struts; transverse strut wide, al-

most straight, its proximal edge thicker in the

middle and the distal one thicker at the sides. Ter-

gal disks (3rd tergite) about three times longer

than broad.

Coleophoridae of China 207

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system and should be placed in the

section of sternipennella Zetterstedt. Because of

the structure of the male genitalia it is probably

closely related to C. /unensis Falkovitsh and C.

pseudolinosyris Kasy. C. sittella n. sp. can easily be

distinguished by the following characteristics: the

valva is shorter; the transtilla is wider; the sacculus

is different, mainly because of the straight lateral

margin; the aedeagus is stouter with a differently

shaped tooth in the middle, and a bifurcate point

which does not occur in other species; the cornuti

are more numerous and longer.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — South-western and Eastern

China.

Coleophora versurella Zeller

Coleophora versurella Zeller, 1849: 352. Lectotype 9

(here designated) Poland, Glogów [Glogau], genitalia

slide BMNH 4417 (BMNH) [examined].

Coleophora nivifera Meyrick, 1930: 625. Holotype (&

according to original description, abdomen and hind-

wings missing when examined), China, Tibet Yadong

[Yatung], B.10000’, 6.viii (BMNH) [examined]

syn.n.

Material examined. — China, Shanghai [Schanghai,

Prov. Kiangsu], 4 3, 13 9, 2.vi, 30.vii and 10-28.viii.1936;

10.vii and 18-19.viii.1942, H. Höne (LNK, MGAB).

Biology. — The species lives on the seeds of

Atriplex sp., Amaranthus sp. and Chenopodium

sp.

Distribution. — Widely distributed over the en-

tire Palaearctic region and North and South Amer-

ica.

Coleophora hsiaolingensis Toll

(fig. 7)

Coleophora hsiaolingensis Toll, 1942: 296. — Holotype

8, China, Xiaoling [Manchuria, Hsiaoling, Prov.

Kirin], 13.viii.1939, genitalia slide Toll 837 (IZPC)

[examined]. Allotype 9, data as holotype, but

20.viii.1939, genitalia slide Toll 838 (IZPC)

[examined].

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — The species is known from

China and Japan. Recently I have studied a male

from Siberia (MGAB).

Coleophora vestianella (Linnaeus)

Phalaena (Tinea) vestianella Linnaeus, 1758: 536.

208 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Material examined. — 1 9, China, Prov. North Yun-

nan, Lijiang [Likiang] ca. 3000 m., 7.ix.1934, H. Hone,

genitalia slide Bldz 6871 (LNK), 2 3, China, Prov. Shanxi

[Shansi], Mian Shan [Mien-shan], upland plain [Obere

Höhe], ca. 2000 m., 6.viii.1937, H. Hone, genitalia slide

Bldz 8515, and 10.viii.1937 (MGAB).

Biology. — The species lives on the seeds of

Atriplex sp. and Chenopodium sp.

Distribution. — Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Afgh-

anistan, China and Japan.

Coleophora summivola Meyrick

(figs. 14, 34, 90-96)

Coleophora summivola Meyrick, 1930: 625. — Holotype

6, China, Tibet, Gyangzé [Giantse] B.14500’ J. 28”,

genitalia slide BMNH 24442 (BMNH) [examined].

Material examined. — 3 9, China, Prov. North Yun-

nan, Lijiang, 22.vi., 4.viii.1934 and 17.viii.1935, H. Hone

(LNK); 1 9, Prov. North Yunnan, Dégén [A-tun-tse],

upland plain [obere Höhe] ca. 4500 m., 10.viii.1936, H.

Hone (MGAB); 3 4, 2 9, Tibet, Batang, Jinsha Jiang

Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m, 6 vii, 16.vii, 4.viii,

14-15.viii.1936, H. Höne (MGAB).

Male genitalia (fig. 90). — Comparison with

parenthella shows that the lateral margin of the

sacculus has no big, rounded tooth, which in

parenthella is present on the inner side of the

dorso-caudal angle. The aedeagus of summivola is

formed by two sclerotised rods of almost equal

lengths, both with a triangular tooth at the apex,

whereas in parenthella one of the two rods is one

quarter shorter than the other, and only the longer

one has a tooth at the apex. The group of cornuti

in the form of a talon in summivola is longer than

that of parenthella. The male genitalia of C. ae-

quigesa Falkovitsh also resemble those of

summivola. I have had the opportunity to study the

holotype of aequigesa, a species from Mongolia,

kept in the Museum of Natural History, Budapest,

and I have observed the following differences,

which are obvious in the aedeagus: the aedeagus of

aequigesa is formed by two rods that are perfectly

symmetrical, smaller than those of summivola, and

they have no teeth at the apex. The male genitalia

of aequigesa have no ductus ejaculatorius, which

was probably lost during the preparation of the

genitalia.

Female genitalia (fig. 94). — Compared with

parenthella the subgenital plate of summivola is

rather longer and more chitinous; the ostium bur-

sae is smaller, opening closer to the distal edge of

the plate; the infundibulum is longer and wider

than that of parenthella and the section of the

ductus bursae which is covered with spines is also

longer.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system, and should be placed in the

section of vestianella (Linnaeus), near parenthella

Toll.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — The species has only been taken

in China.

Coleophora bagorella Falkovitsh

Coleophora bagorella Falkovitsh, 1977: 592.

Material examined. — 1 g, China, Prov. North Yun-

nan, Dégén [A-tun-tse], upland plain [obere Höhe] c.

4500 m., 13.viii.1936., H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 8517

(MGAB).

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — China and Mongolia.

Coleophora yomogiella Oku

(fig. 8)

Coleophora yomogiella Oku, 1974: 254.

Material examined. — 2 4, China, Prov. North Yun-

nan, Lijiang [Likiang], 1.vii.1934, H. Höne, genitalia

slides Bldz 6886 and 6897 (LNK).

Biology. — The species lives on Artemisia prin-

ceps and Artemisia montana.

Distribution. — Japan, Korea and China.

Coleophora kurokoi Oku

(fig. 9)

Coleophora kurokoi Oku, 1974: 256.

Material examined. — 2 8, 1 Q, China, Prov. North

Yunnan, Lijiang [Likiang], 1/.vi, 7.1x.1934 and

25.vii.1935, H. Hone, genitalia slides Bldz 6898, 6870 and

6899 (LNK), 1 9, Prov. Zhejiang [Chekiang], West Tian-

mu Shan [Tien-mu-shan], 18.viii.1932, H. Höne, genita-

lia slide Bldz 6891 (LNK).

Biology. — The species lives on Chrysanthe-

mum morifolium var. sinense and Artemisia prin-

ceps.

Distribution. — Japan and China.

Coleophora falcipenella sp. n.

(figs. 6, 35, 97-100)

Type material. — Holotype 6, China, Prov. North

Yunnan [Nord-Yuennan], Lijiang [Li-kiang], 10.vii.1934,

H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 7080 (ZFMK).

BALDIZZONE:

Description. — Male (fig. 35) (Female un-

known). Wing span 15 mm. Head (fig. 6) and

thorax white, suffused with reddish-brown scales

on dorsal surface. Labial palps white, suffused with

reddish-brown scales on outer surface: the second

segment is about 2.5 times longer than the third.

Antenna without hairtuft at the base; flagellum

ringed white and brown. Abdomen light brown.

Fore wing reddish-brown with numerous white

streaks along the costa and the main veins. Fringes

pearly brown-yellow. Hind wing light brown;

fringes brown-yellow.

Male genitalia (fig. 97). — Gnathos oval. Tegu-

men narrowed towards three quarters, with two

long arms. Transtilla flattened and curved, club-

shaped. Valvula irregularly oval, covered with thin

bristles. Valva short and stout, narrower at the base

than at the apex. Sacculus with curved ventral mar-

gin, ending in the ventro-caudal angle, forming a

right angle; the lateral margin is almost straight

and ends in the dorso-caudal angle, which goes

beyond the dorsal margin of the valva; a big,

rounded tooth can be found on the inside of the

lateral margin of the sacculus. Aedeagus very long,

certainly one of the longest of the family of Coleo-

phoridae; it is formed by two sclerotised bands,

very asymmetrical, of which the longer has two

curves and ends in a scythe-shaped apex. The shor-

ter band is about half the length of the other. It has

a triangular tooth a short distance from the apex.

A single long and curved cornutus, needle-shaped.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 98). — No

posterior lateral struts. Transverse strut thick, its

proximal edge straight, the distal one convex. Ter-

gal disks (3rd tergite) about 5 times longer than

wide.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system, but because of the peculiar

shape of the male genitalia it is impossible for me

to place it with certainty into a section already

known. For the same reason this new species can-

not be mistaken for any other species already

known: the structure of the sacculus and of the

aedeagus allow an immediate identification.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora yunnanica sp. n.

(figs. 20, 36, 101-108)

Type material. — Holotype ¢, China, Prov. North

Yunnan [Nord-Yuennan], Lijiang [Li-kiang], 9.vii.1934,

H. Höne, genitalia slide Bldz 7084 (ZFMK). Paratypes 3

Q, data as holotype, but 22.vi., 10.vii. and 17.vii.1934,

genitalia slides Bldz 6894, 7083 and 7081 (ZFMK, LNK).

Coleophoridae of China 209

Description. — Male and female (fig. 35). Wing

span 12-13 mm. Head (fig. 20), thorax and abdo-

men ochreous. Labial palps white, suffused red-

dish-brown on outer surface: the second segment

about twice the length of the third. The ochreous

antenna has no hairtuft at its base. Fore wing uni-

formly ochreous, streaked with reddish-brown

along the main veins and suffused with some scat-

tered dark brown scales, mainly towards the apex.

Fringes light pearly brown-grey. Hind wing light

brown-grey; fringes concolorous with those of fore

wing.

Male genitalia (fig. 101). — Gnathos oval. Teg-

umen considerably narrowed towards three quar-

ters, with two very long and broad arms. Transtilla

short and small, triangular. Valva short and stout,

rounded at the apex. Valvula long, narrow, heavily

sclerotised, covered with long bristles. Sacculus

broad, heavily sclerotised, with curved ventral mar-

gin, with a long, triangular protuberance in the

ventro-caudal angle and an irregular process in the

dorso-caudal angle, resembling a spiral tooth. Vin-

culum with a conspicuous formation in its middle,

resembling a conical tooth. Aedeagus long, formed

by two highly symmetrical sclerotised bands: the

shorter and thinner one narrowing from the base

to the apex, where it ends in a point; the longer one

widening from the base to the apex, where it forks

into a longer and a shorter protuberance. Only one

cornutus, big and long, broad at the base, talon-

shaped.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 102). —

No posterior lateral struts; transverse strut weakly

convex at its distal edge, which is thicker than the

proximal one. Tergal disks (3rd tergite) about

three times longer than wide.

Female genitalia (figs. 105, 106). — Papillae

anales small and oval. Apophyses posteriores about

twice the length of the anterior ones. Lamella an-

tevaginalis trapezoid, its proximal margin convex

and its distal one concave, with long bristles; it has

a small, triangular tooth in each of the two corners

of its distal margin, and two broad, symmetrical,

transverse folds in the middle. Ostium bursae oval,

narrow and long, opening at the distal margin, and

reaching halfway down the subgenital plate. Infun-

dibulum very long and sclerotised, in the form of

a narrow bag, about four times longer than the

subgenital plate. The ductus bursae is undoubtedly

the longest so far known in the family of the Co-

leophoridae: about twenty times longer than the

subgenital plate; in its first part it is covered with

tiny conical spines in two bands, over about twice

the length of the subgenital plate; the remainder of

the ductus bursae is transparent and shows many

210 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

coils in its middle section. The bursa is of normal

size, bag-shaped, with a leaf-shaped signum.

Diagnosis. — The new species belongs to the

30th group of Toll’s system, but because of the

unique shape of the genitalia it is really impossible

for me to place it into a known section. The male

genitalia slightly resemble those of C. pandionella

Baldizzone (1988), a species from Siberia and those

of €. issikit Baldizonne & Oku (1988a), a species

from Japan but there are rather obvious differen-

ces, mainly in the aedeagus and the protuberances

of the sacculus. The genitalia of the female, how-

ever, resemble those of species in the section of

galbulipennella Zeller (= otitae Zeller), such as

microtitae Toll & Amsel and treskaensis Toll &

Amsel, but there structure of the subgenital plate,

the infundibulum and the enormous length of the

ductus bursae allow an immediate determination.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora artemisiella Scott

Coleophora artemisiella Scott, 1861: 409.

Material examined. — 2 @, China, Tibet, Batang, Jin-

sha Jiang Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m., 22.v.

and 13.vii.1936, H. Hone, genitalia slides Bldz 8903, 8904

(MGAB).

Biology. — The species lives on Artemisia sp.

Distribution. — So far the species was only

known from Europe. The specimens from the Jin-

sha Jiang Valley indicate a much wider Palaearctic

distribution.

Coleophora denticulata sp. n

(figs. 19, 37, 109-112)

Type material. — Holotype @, China, Tibet, Batang,

Jinsha Jiang Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m.,

1.ix.1936, H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 8910 (MGAB).

Description. — Male (fig. 37) (Female un-

known). Wing span 14 mm. Head (fig. 19) brown

dorsally and white laterally. Labial palps white,

almost completely suffused with brown scales on

outer surface: the second segment is about twice

the length of the third. Antenna without hairtuft

at the base; flagellum ringed white and brown. Fore

wing uniformly pearly light brown, suffused with

scattered white scales towards the apex; a broad,

white band along the costa, with gradations to-

wards dorsum. Fringes chocolate-brown. Hind

wing uniformly brown-grey; fringes chocolate-

brown.

Male genitalia (fig. 109). — Gnathos small,

pear-shaped. Tegumen narrowed towards two

thirds, with two long arms. Transtilla short, irreg-

ularly triangular. Valvula oval, with thick ventral

margin, covered with long bristles. Valva small,

rounded at the apex. Sacculus broad, heavily sclero-

tised, its almost straight ventral margin extended

in the ventro-caudal angle into a triangular, ser-

rated formation; its lateral margin almost perpen-

dicular, serrated up to the dorso-caudal margin,

which ends in a big formation, curved and serrated

at the external and straight at the internal margin:

the point of that formation reaches beyond the

dorsal margin of the valva. Aedeagus long and

curved, consisting of two sclerotised bands, of

which one is narrower at the base than at the apex,

where it ends in a point, and the other is broader

at the base and ends at the apex in a big, triangular

tooth, serrated at the proximal margin. Numerous

cornuti of different lengths, united into a curved

formation resembling a tress.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 110). —

No posterior lateral struts; transverse strut convex,

thicker at the sides than in the middle. Tergal disks

(3rd tergite) oval, about twice as long as wide.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system and can be placed near C.

pseudociconiella Tolland C. hungariae (Gozmany),

because of the structure of its male genitalia. C.

denticulata can be distinguished by the following

characteristics: the rather small and short valva

and the serrated process of the dorso-caudal angle

of the sacculus, which is considerably bigger than

that of the other species.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora tuberculata sp. n.

(figs. 17, 38, 113-116)

Type material. — Holotype @, China, Tibet, Batang,

Jinsha Jiang Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m.,

3.viii. 1936, H. Hone, genitalia slide Bldz 8901 (MGAB).

Description. — Male (fig. 38) (Female un-

known). Wing span 14 mm. Head (fig. 17) white

laterally and reddish-brown dorsally. Labial palps

white, partially suffused with reddish-brown scales

on outer surface: the second segment is about twice

the length of the third. Antenna without hairtuft

at the base: the first segment is white, suffused with

brown scales dorsally; flagellum ringed white and

BALDIZZONE:

brown. Thorax and abdomen brown. Fore wing

light ochreous, with brown scales scattered along

the main veins. Fringes grey-brown. Hind wing

grey-brown. Fringes of hind wing brown.

Male genitalia (fig. 113). — Gnathos oval. Teg-

umen triangular, narrowed towards two thirds

with two long, flattened arms. Transtilla broad and

flattened, hatchet-shaped. In the middle of the

transtilla a sclerotised formation of an extremely

singular shape: a stalk widening into an inverted

cone, with lots of sclerotised spines of different

lengths in the widest part; this structure, whose

purpose is quite unknown to me, is highly remar-

kable and is absent in all other species of Coleopho-

ridae so far known. Valvula tiny and long, highly

sclerotised in an irregular form, covered with long

bristles. Valva long, its dorsal margin undulating,

the ventral one curved; wider at the base than at the

apex. Sacculus straight, heavily sclerotised, its ven-

tral margin curved, the lateral one straight: in the

ventro-caudal angle a small, triangular tooth; in the

dorso-caudal angle another bigger and longer

tooth, rounded at the apex, curved towards the

inside. Aedeagus consisting of two asymmetrical

sclerotised bands, wider at the apex than at the

base: they are slightly different in length, ending in

sharp points. Only one long cornutus with a wi-

dened base, in the form of a spine.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 114). —

No anterior lateral struts; transverse strut has a

thin proximal edge, slightly convex, and a distal

one, almost straight, laterally more sclerotised than

in the middle. Tergal disks (3rd tergite) about four

times longer than wide.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 30th

group of Toll’s system and might be placed in the

section of C. adspersella Benander. C. tuberculata n.

sp. can easily be identified by the remarkable for-

mation in the middle of the transtilla, by the tooth

in the dorso-caudal angle of a sacculus which is

considerably shorter than in adspersella, by the

aedeagus consisting of bands without teeth at the

apex, and by a cornutus which is shorter than in

adspersella.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora weymarni Toll

Coleophora weymarni Toll, 1942: 289. — Holotype 4,

China, Zalantun, in Nei Mongol Zizhiqu [Djalantun,

Manchuria, prov. Kirin] 1127, 10.v1.1938, genitalia

slide Toll 834 (IZPC) |examined].

Other material examined. — Paratype 9, data as ho-

Coleophoridae of China 201

lotype, but 26.vi.1939, genitalia slide Toll 835 (IZPC)

[examined].

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

Coleophora batangica sp. n.

(figs. 21, 39, 117-120)

Type material. — Holotype g, China, Tibet, Batang,

Jinsha Jiang Valley [Im Tal des Yangtze] ca. 2800 m,

7.1x.1936, H. Höhe, genitalia slide Bldz 8909 (MGAB).

Description. — Male (fig. 39) (Female un-

known). Wing span 13 mm. Head (fig. 21), thorax

and abdomen entirely white. Labial palps ochreous,

with white scales mainly on inner surface: the sec-

ond segment about 1.5 times longer than the third.

The first segment of the antenna is white, suffused

with scattered brown scales, with a short, ochreous

hairtuft; flagellum ringed white and brown. Fore

wing reddish-brown, with broad costal streak, nar-

rowed towards two thirds and a white dorsal streak,

reaching the apex of the wing. The entire surface

of the wing has a pearly gloss. Fringes brown. Hind

wing brown-grey. Fringes brown.

Male genitalia (fig. 117). — Gnathos very small,

globular. Tegumen considerably narrowed at the

base of the socii, with two very broad triangular

arms. Transtilla united in the middle, broad and

triangular. Valvula tiny and long, heavily sclero-

tised. Valva very long and curved, at the base con-

siderably narrower than at the apex, on the dorsal

margin covered with bristles. Sacculus small,

heavily sclerotised, covered with long bristles, ex-

tending into a triangular form, obtuse at che lateral

margin, with two spines of unequal lengths in the

dorso-caudal angle. Aedeagus of medium length,

conical, consisting of two sclerotised symmetrical

rods, narrower at the base than at the apex, where

they are rounded. Numerous cornuti of different

lengths, united into a long formation resembling a

curved brush.

Structure of abdominal supports (fig. 118). —

No lateral posterior struts; transverse strut very

tiny, convex in its central part. Tergal disks (3rd

tergite) about twice as wide as long, covered with

short, very sharp, conical spines.

Diagnosis. — The species belongs to the 34th

group of Toll’s system, and because of the structure

of its male genitalia should be placed in the section

of C. unipunctella Zeller, a species from which C.

batangica can easily be separated by means of its

habitus, or by the following obvious differences in

the genitalia: the valva of batangica is narrower at

212 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

the base, longer and more curved; the transtilla is

bigger, with a large, central triangular widening,

which is not present in #nipunctella; the sacculus

of batangica is wider, its lateral margin longer, and

the spines in the dorso-caudal angle are close to

each other, whereas in wntpunctella they are far

apart; the aedeagus of batangica is shorter and

stouter, and the cornuti are longer and more

numerous.

Biology. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Only known from the type lo-

cality.

RÉSUMÉ

La connaissance taxonimique actuelle sur les Co-

leophoridae de la Chine est revue. Trente-et-un

espèces sont reconnues ici. Quatorze espèces sont

décrites comme nouvelles: Coleophora lucida, C.

buteella, C. caradjai, C. plurispinella, C. hoeneella,

C. tibetana, C. cristata, C. alecturella, C. sittella, C.

falcipenella, C. yunnanica, C. denticulata, C. tuber-

culata et C. batangica. Les genitalia des espèces

suivantes sont illustrés pour la première fois: C.

seminalis Meyrick et C. summivola Meyrick. Les

nouvelles synonymies suivantes sont établies: C.

immortalis Meyrick, 1922 est synonyme de C. se-

minalis Meyrick, 1921, et C. nivifera Meyrick, 1930

est synonyme de C. versurella Zeller, 1849.

REFERENCES

Baldizzone, G., 1986. Nuove sinonimie nel genere

Coleophora Hibner (V). Contribuzioni alla conos-

cenza dei Coleophoridae. (XLIV). (Lepidoptera) —

Rivista Piemontese di Storia Naturale 7: 133-144.

Baldizzone, G., 1988. Contributions a la connaissance des

Coleophoridae XLVIII. Quatre nouvelles espèces du

genre Coleophora Hübner de l'URSS. — Beiträge zur

Entomologie 38: 74-82.

Baldizzone, G., 1989. Contributions to the knowledge of

the Coleophoridae. L. Coleophora eurasiatica sp.n. and

Coleophora koreana sp.n. — Nota lepidopterologica

12: 13-18.

Baldizzone, G. & T. Oku, 1988a. Descriptions of Japanese

Coleophoridae I. — Tyô to Ga 39: 119-135.

Baldizzone, G. & T. Oku, 1988b. Descriptions of Japanese

Coleophoridae IL. — Tyò to Ga 39: 207-221.

Baldizzone, G. & T. Oku, in press. Descriptions of Japa-

nese Coleophoridae HI. — Työ to Ga.

Busck, A., 1904. A casebearer injurious to apple and plum

in China. (Coleophora neviusiella new species). —

Journal New York Entomological Society 12: 45.

Cäpuse, I., 1971. Recherches morphologiques et systéma-

tiques sur la famille des Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera),

1-66, 46 pl., Bucarest.

Cäpuse, I, 1975. Complément systématique à la famille

des Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera). — Fragmenta ento-

mologica 11: 1-64.

Caradja, A. & E. Meyrick, 1935. Materialien zu einer

Microlepidopteren-Fauna der chinesischen Provinzen

Kiangsu, Chekiang und Hunnan: 1-96. — Friedländer

& Sohn, Berlin.

Caradja, A. & E. Meyrick, 1938. Materialien zu einer

Mikrolepidopterenfauna des Yulingshanmassives:

Provinz Yünnan. — Deutsche entomologische Zeit-

schrift, Iris 42: 1-29.

Falkovitsh, M. I., 1972a. New genera of Palaearctic case-

bearers (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae). — Entomolo-

gicheskoye Obozreniye 51: 369-386. (In Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I., 1972b. New species of casebearers (Le-

pidoptera, Coleophoridae) from the Gobi Desert. —

Nasekomye Mongolii 1: 693-714. (In Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I, 1974. Two new east-asiatic species of

Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae). —

Nasekomye Mongolii 2: 233-237. (In Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I., 1975. Results of the zoological explo-

rations of Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia. 325. New spe-

cies of the family Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera, Coleo-

phoridae) 1. — Nasekomye Mongolii 3: 351-369. (In

Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I., 1976. Results of the zoological explo-

rations of Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia. 364. New spe-

cies of the family Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera), II. —

Nasekomye Mongolii 4: 370-380. (In Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I., 1977. Results of the zoological explo-

rations of Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia. 422. New spe-

cies of the family Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera). III. —

Nasekomye Mongolii 5: 589-605. (In Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I., 1979. Results of the zoological explo-

rations of Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia. 438. New spe-

cies of the family Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera). IV. —

Nasekomye Mongolii 6: 375-393. (In Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I., 1987. New genera of casebearers (Le-

pidoptera, Coleophoridae) from the desert zone of the

palaearctic region. — Entomoligicheskoye Obozre-

niye 66: 817-826. (In Russian.)

Falkovitsh, M. I. & S. Ya. Reznik, 1980. Results of the

zoological explorations of Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia.

444. Survey of Coleophora species (Lepidoptera). —

Nasekomye Mongolii 7: 366-377. (In Russian.)

Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae, ed.X: 1-824, Hol-

miae.

Meyrick, E., 1921. New Microlepidoptera. — Zoölogische

Mededelingen Leiden 6: 145-202.

Meyrick, E., 1922. Exotic Microlepidoptera 2 (16/19):

481-608.

Meyrick, E., 1930. Exotic Microlepidoptera 3 (18/20):

545-640.

Meyrick, E., 1934. Exotic Microlepidoptera 4 (15/17):

449-544.

Niethammer, G., 1963. Zur Geschichte der “Sammlung

Höne”. — Bonner zoologische Beiträge 14: 234-247.

Reznik, S. Ya., 1974. New species of casebearer moths of

the group C. astragalella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Coleo-

phoridae). — Nasekomye Mongolii 2: 238-249. (In

Russian.)

Reznik, S. Ya., 1975. New species of casebearers of the

group Coleophora vibicella Hübner (Lepidoptera, Co-

leophoridae) from Mongolia. — Nasekomye Mongo-

lit 3: 370-394. (In Russian.)

Reznik, S. Ya. 1976. On the fauna of the genus

BALDIZZONE:

Multicoloria Capuse (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) of

the Far East. — Trudy zoologicheskoyo Institut Aka-

demija Nauk SSSR Leningrad 62: 109-113. (In Rus-

sian.)

Reznik, S. Ya., 1977. On the fauna of the genus

Multicoloria Capuse (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) of

Tuva and Mongolia. — Nasekomye Mongolii 5: 606-

614. (In Russian.)

Sattler, K. & W. G. Tremewan, 1974. A catalogue of the

family-group and genus-group names of the Coleo-

phoridae (Lepidoptera). — Bulletin of the British

Museum (Natural History), Entomology 30: 183-214.

Sattler, K. & W. G. Tremewan, 1978. A supplementary

catalogue of the family-group and genus-group names

of Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera). — Bulletin of the

British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 37:

73-96.

Scott, J., 1861. Descriptions of five new species of

Coleophora. — Transactions of the Entomological

Society of London 5: 408-412.

Toll, S., 1942. Studien tiber die Genitalien einiger Coleo-

phoriden III. — Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deut-

schem Kolonial- und Ubersee Museum Bremen 3:

288-299.

Coleophoridae of China 213

Toll, S., 1952a. Studien tiber die Genitalien einiger Coleo-

phoriden XI. — Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologi-

schen Gesellschaft 37: 156-165.

Toll, S., 1952b. Rodzina Eupistidae (Coleophoridae)

Polski. — Materialy do fiziografii kraju 32: 1-292.

Toll, S., 1962. Materialien zur Kenntnis der paläarkti-

schen Arten der Familie Coleophoridae (Lepidop-

tera). — Acta zoologica Cracoviensia 7(16): 577-720,

133 pl.

Yang Li-ming, 1983. A new species of Coleophoridae

from China. — Scientia Silvae Sinicae, Memoirs of

Forest Entomology 8: 107-108. (In Chinese.)

Zeller, P. C., 1839. Versuch einer naturgemässen Einthei-

lung der Schaben. — Isis von Oken: 167-220.

Zeller, P. C., 1849. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Coleophoren.

— Linneana entomologica 4: 191-416.

Received: 30 August 1988

Revised manuscript accepted: 12 February 1989

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

APPENDIX

Gazetteer of place names

Names are listed alphabetically with their pinyin romanization. Province names are given in brackets after the

locality names. Sources for the spelling and coordinates were the “Times Atlas of the World, Comprehensive Edition,

7th ed., 1986” and the “Gazetteer of the People's Republic of China, 2 vols, 1979”.

Pinyin transcription Older transcriptions Coordinates

Batang (Tibet) !) Batang (also Pa-an) 30.02 N, 99.01 E

Dégén (Yunnan) A-tun-tse; Tehtsin 28.28 N, 98.48 E

Gyangzê (Tibet) Giantse, Chiang-tzu 28.57 N, 89.38. E

Jiangsu (prov.) Kiang-su, Chiang-su

Jilin (prov.) Kirin

Jinsha Jiang (river) Yangtze Kiang (part)

Lijiang (Yunnan) Li-kiang, Li-chiang 26.51 N, 100.16 E

Longtan (Jiangsu) Lungtan 32.10 N, 119.03 E

Mian Shan (mount) (Shanxi) Mienshan ca 37 N, 113 E

Nanjing (Jiangsu) Nan-ching, Nanking 32.03 N, 118.47 E

Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (prov.) Inner Mongolia auton. region

Qin Ling (range) (Shaanxi) Tsinling 34.00 N, 108.00 E

Shaanxi (prov.) Shensi

Shandong (prov.) Shantung

Shanghai (Shanghai) *) Schangai 31.13 N, 121.25 E

Shanxi (prov.) Shansi

Taibai Shan (mount) (Shaanxi) Tapaisan 33.57 N, 107.40 E

Taihoku (Taiwan) not traced

Taishan (mount) (Shandong) Tai-shan 36.20 N, 117.10 E

Tianmu Shan (mount) (Zhejiang) Tien-mu-shan 30.31 N, 119.36 E

Xiaoling (Jilin) 3) Hsiaoling not traced

Xizang Zizhiqu Tibet autonomous region

Yadong (Tibet) Yatung 27.29 N, 88.54 E

Yantai (Shandong) Yen-tai, Che-fou 37.30 N, 121.22 E

Yunnan (prov.) Yuen-nan, Yiin-nan

Zalantun (Nei Mongol Z.) Djalantun, Cha-lan-tun 48.00 N, 122.43 E

Zhejiang (prov.) Che-kiang, Che-chiang

Notes

!) Batang itself is situated in the province of Sichuan, but the nearby valley of the Jinsha Jiang forms the border with

Tibet. From the labelling with “Tibet, Batang, Im Tal des Yangtze” it follows that the specimens were probably taken

on the Tibet side of the river, or the border was not so distinct in those days.

2) Specimens from Shanghai are labelled as “Schangai, Prov. Kiangsu”. However, Shanghai forms nowadays a

province of its own.

5) There are various localities with the name Xiaoling (=Hsiaoling), but none was traced in the province of Jilin (=

Kirin). There is one located in the nearby province of Heilongjiang at 45.22 N, 127.17E.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 215

T N Ma

RS Nr I

NSA

Figs. 1-7. Heads of Coleophora. 1, C. lucida; 2, C. plurispinella; 3, C. buteella, 4, C. scioleuca; 5, C. cristata, 6, C.

falcipenella; 7, C. hsiaolingensis.

216 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

kurokoï: 10, C. citrarga; 11, C. caradjat; 12, C. boeneella; 13,

Figs. 8-13. Heads of Coleophora. 8, C. yomogiella; 9, G.

C. tibetana.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 23177

Figs. 14-21. Heads of Coleophora. 14, C. summivola; 15, C. alecturella; 16, C. seminalis; 17, C. tuberculata; 18, C. sittella;

19, C. denticulata; 20, C. yunnanica, 21. C. bantagica.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132

PPPPTIT TP CENA

„ tai

Coleophora SEP. 22, C. lucida, 8, holotype; 23, C. buteella, &, holotype;

holotype; C. plurispinella, 8, holotype; 27

DANG I 63 25, &

, C. boeneella, Q, holotype; 28, C. tibetana, 8, holotype; 29,

30, C. cristata, 6, holotype.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China

C. scioleuca, &; 32, C. alecturella, 8, holotype; 33, C. sittella, &, holotype; 34, C.

38, C.

Figs. 31-39. Coleophora spp. 31,

summivola, &; 35, C. falcipenella, 8, holotype; 36, C. yunnanica, 8, holotype; 37,

tuberculata, 6, holotype; 39, C. batangica, 8, holotype.

denticulata, &, holotype;

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

| + N

7 PI

Figs. 40-42. C. lucida, holotype, slide Bldz 6892. 40, male genitalia; 41, abdomen; 42, detail of genitalia at high

magnification. Fig. 43. C. eteropennella, slide Bldz 8329, male genitalia, detail.

221

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China

N Pr

ar fi i

il 4 ty

PEN VA

x et i N

Figs. 44-47. C. buteella, holotype, slide Bldz 6885. 44, male genitalia, 45, abdomen; 46, detail of genitalia at high

magnification; 47, cornuti at high magnification.

222 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 48-51. C. caradjai, holotype, slide Bldz 8053. 48, male genitalia; 49, abdomen; 50, detail of genitalia at high

magnification; 51, cornuti at high magnification.

<< er CC Sr

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 223

Figs. 52-54. C. caradjai, paratype, slide Bldz 6873. 52-53, female genitalia, 54, subgenital plate at high magnification.

224 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

m ¥ m E

. 4 My 3

8 N x = MN |

ht } Sacs es

Figs. 55-57. C. plurispinella, holotype, slide Bldz 6872. 55, male genitalia; 56, abdomen; 57, detail of genitalia at high

magnification. Fig. 58, C. astragalella, slide Bldz 8709, male genitalia, detail.

BALDIZZONE:

Coleophoridae of China

225

CN bag cS r

NEC 2 5

NS N ved . à

geo Nad

it di ia DI

MERO 4 ? 5

dala. ;

Figs. 59-61. C. hoeneella, holotype, slide Bldz 8895. 59, female genitalia; 60, subgenital plate at high magnification;

61, abdomen.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

[65]

Figs. 62-65. C. tibetana; 62—63, 65, paratype, slide Bldz 8896; 64, holotype, slide Bldz 8892; 62, male genitalia; 63,

abdomen; 64, detail of genitalia at high magnification; 65, cornuti at high magnification.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 227

Figs. 66-69. C. seminalis, slide Bldz 6879. 66, male genitalia; 67, abdomen; 68, detail of genitalia at high magnification;

69, cornuti at high magnification.

228 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 70-73. C. seminalis. 70—72, slide Bldz 7886. 70, female genitalia; 71, subgenital plate at high magnification; 72,

signum at high magnification; 73, slide Bldz 7888, signum at high magnification.

BALDIZZONE:

er N

ii ch

Ar, if NE

“be SÙ

Wa. nee

wine theo

2 Se =

i Ii

EN 4 dal

a Mae > itr a

£ a 4 | ur è

= de her

2 i yi 4

Coleophoridae of China

MRE

Figs. 74-77. C. cristata, holotype, slide Bldz 6888. 74, male genitalia; 75, abdomen; 76, detail of genitalia at high

magnification; 77, cornuti at high magnification.

(©)

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 78-81. C. scioleuca, lectotype, slide BMNH 24443. 78, Male genitalia; 79, abdomen; 80, detail of genitalia at high

magnification; 81, cornutus at high magnification.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 231

mers ae

Ei,

| SE N

mul = » N

83 AO SEO

el be n è,

È i \ À

| : “è i. | a À

ur ask À

Figs. 82-85. C. alecturella, holotype, slide Bldz 8913. 82, male genitalia; 83, abdomen; 84, detail of genitalia at high

magnification; 85, cornuti at high magnification.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

we A Pa

ur Lui

Figs. 86-89. C. sittella, paratype, slide Bldz 6893. 86, male genitalia; 87, abdomen; 88, detail of genitalia at high

magnification; 89, cornuti at high magnification.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 235)

Figs. 90-93. C. summivola, slide Bldz 8897. 90, male genitalia; 91, abdomen; 92, detail of genitalia at high magnification,

93, cornuti at high magnification.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

1597

MUTI \ Y

tati À N

Hinte CE

OY]

Figs. 94-96. C. summivola, slide Bldz 8911. 94, female genitalia; 95, subgenital plate at high magnification; 96, abdomen.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 235

Figs. 97-100. C. falcipenella, holotype, slide Bldz 7080. 97, male genitalia; 98, abdomen; 99, detail of genitalia at high

magnification; 100, cornutus at high magnification.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 101-104. C. yunnanica, holotype, slide Bldz 7084. 101, male genitalia; 102, abdomen; 103, detail of genitalia at

high magnification; 104, cornutus at high magnification.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 237

Figs. 105-108. C. yunnanica, paratype, slide Bldz 6894. 105-106, female genitalia; 107, abdomen; 108, subgenital plate

at high magnification.

(0 0)

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 109-112. C. denticulata. holotype, slide Bldz 8910. 109, male genitalia; 110, abdomen; 111, detail of genitalia at

high magnification; 112, cornuti at high magnification.

BALDIZZONE: Coleophoridae of China 239

*) ee ER x SA

a Na È. X i

er Pr #

da haat wag, È OG RI > 4

Figs. 113-116. C. tuberculata, holotype, slide Bldz 8901. 113, male genitalia; 114, abdomen, 115, detail of genitalia at

high magnification; 116, cornuti at high magnification.

240 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

; ad te "x

4 .

Figs. 117-120. C. batangica, holotype, slide Bldz 8909. 117, male genitalia; 118, abdomen; 119, detail of genitalia at

high magnification; 120, cornuti at high magnification.

CARABID FAUNA OF SOME TYPES OF FOREST IN THE

NETHERLANDS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)

THEODOOR HEIJERMAN & HANS TURIN

ABSTRACT

Heijerman, Th. & H. Turin, 1989. Carabid fauna of some types of forest in the Netherlands

(Coleoptera: Carabidae). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 241-250, figs. 1-3, tables 1-3

[ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 1989.

Continuous pitfall trapping data were collected, consisting of year-samples of carabid beetles

from 48 sites in different types of forest located in several geographic parts of the Netherlands.

More than 18,000 carabids were caught. Numerical classification techniques were applied and

these revealed that clusters of sites, classified on their carabid species composition, could be

interpreted better in terms of their geographical position in the Netherlands, rather than in

terms of forest type. Moreover, the carabid faunas of the coniferous forests investigated, appeared

to be impoverished nor poor in species when compared with the faunas of deciduous forests.

Key words. - Carabidae; forest types; The Netherlands.

Th. Heijerman, Dep. of Entomology, Agricult. University, P.O. Box 8031, NL6700 EH

Wageningen, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

If one were to try to record as many species of

forest carabids as possible from a single locality,

one would probably prefer to sample a mixed de-

ciduous forest, and certainly not a monotonous

coniferous plantation, where all trees are approx-

imately of the same age, size and are equidistant.

Den Boer (1963) studied the carabid faunas of

several types of forest in the province of Drenthe

(The Netherlands), and indeed concluded that the

carabid faunas of coniferous forests are only poor

sub-samples from those of dry deciduous forests.

Coniferous forests in Drenthe not only contain

lower densities of fewer carabid species, but also

lack the characteristic species.

Between 1835 en 1945, the Dutch forest area

increased from 170,000 to about 300,000 ha, which

is about 8.5% of the total area of the Netherlands.

This increase was due to the planting of various

coniferous tree species. The area covered with de-

ciduous forests thus decreased from 81% of the

total forest area to about 30%. At present about

80% of the total forest area is covered with conif-

erous trees, and only 20% with deciduous tree

species including scrubs. Deciduous forests often

alternate with coniferous plantations in the same

areas.

241

The patches of deciduous forests may therefore

be regarded as more or less isolated ecological “is-

lands”, surrounded by inaccessible areas. This hy-

pothesis would imply that not only agricultural

fields and meadows may function as barriers to the

exchange of carabid beetles between discontinuous

(spatially separated) habitats, but also that conifer

plantations may hamper dispersal to some extent.

Of course, this isolating effect would drastically

affect the distribution of stenotopic species, and of

species with poor powers of dispersal.

The possible effects of fragmentation and isola-

tion of the distribution of carabid species that differ

in their powers of dispersal, were recently studied

(Turin & Den Boer 1988).

In the present study the carabid faunas of several

forest types are described, the sampling sites are

classified, and the general applicability of the con-

clusion of Den Boer (1963), as mentioned above, is

tested. The results of our study seem relevant in

evaluating the possible role of conifer plantations

as ecological barriers, and therefore in interpreting

some of the results of the project of Turin & Den

Boer (1988).

Turin and Heijerman (1988) classified the

Dutch carabid species according to their association

with forest habitats, and where we speak of “true

242

forest carabids” we refer to the stenotopic and

eurytopic forest species as distinghuished in that

paper.

METHODS

Sampling technique and location of sampling

sites

We selected 14 sampling areas, distributed over

five geographical regions in the Netherlands (fig.

1). Each sampling area consisted of a forest area

containing patches of different types of woodland:

oak-birch, larch, spruce, and/or douglas-fir. Sets of

5 pitfall traps were placed in each of these different

forest types. In total 48 pitfall series were used,

covering 48 different sampling localities. Within

each pitfall series, traps were placed at a distance

of 6 to 10 m from each other. The traps were

provided with 4% formalin as a preservative. Ta-

ble 1 gives a listing of the sampling localities for

each sampling area.

The traps were emptied at irregular time inter-

vals during continuous operation for a whole year,

from spring 1983 to spring 1984. All those carabid

2 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

specimens taken from the five pitfall traps of a set

together during a year, constitute a “year- sample”.

Statistical analysis

A data set was constructed containing the year-

samples of each species for each of the sampling

localities. Another data set was produced for only

those species that were classified as true forest

species by Turin and Heijerman (1988). In order to

simplify, visualize and to investigate the internal

structure of such data matrices and to obtain infor-

mation about the presence of clusters, two types of

multivariate analyses were performed on these

data sets. Both ordination and cluster analysis were

used. For information about the exact principles

and presuppositions of these methods, we will

refer to the literature.

Ordination and cluster analysis. - As an ordina-

tion technique we have used DECORANA to perform

Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) (e.g.

Hill 1979a). This technique can be applied to inves-

tigate whether the sample sites can be arranged

= VIJLEN

= EPEN

= ES

= WIJLRE

= BEEK

LIEVELDE

= WAGENINGEN

= PLANKEN W.

= WARNSBORN

Fig. 1. Location of the forest

sampling sites in The Nether-

lands.

—

KEMPERBERG

= RENKUM

DOORWERTH

EEN ED

> wm

= Hoce VELUWE

VALKENHORST

HEIJERMAN & TURIN:

Carabid fauna of forest

243

Table 1. The 48 sampling sites, classified according to forest type and forest area. Given are the numbers of samples

(pitfall series) for the different kinds of forests and the serial numbers.

Geographical group forest area 1)

Southern part of 1. Vijlen TH+KA

Limburg 2. Epen TH+KA

3. Eys TH+KA

4. Wijlre TH+KA

Beek, Gelderland 5. Beek TH

Lievelde, Achterhoek 6. Lievelde EP

Southern Veluwe . Wageningen

8. Planken Wambuis KB

9. Warnsborn KA

10. Hoge Veluwe KA

11. Kemperberg KA

12. Renkum HT

13. Doorwerth HT

Brabant 14. Valkenhorst FS

forest type serial number

Total

oak-birch larch spruce douglas

2 2 3 - L1,2,5,7,8,11,13

i - 2 - L3,4,10

l I - - 16,9

- - - L12

1 2 - l B1,2,3,4

2 1 2 - A1,2,3,4,5

1 2 2 1 M18,19,20,21,22,23

5 2 2 - M1,2,3,4

- 2 1 - M5,6,9

- l 1 - M7,10

1 A te M8,11

- 2 2 M12,13,14,15

2 - - M16,17

l l l - NB1,2,3

12 16 16 4 48

1) Investigators: EP = E. Penterman; FS = F. Smulders, HT = H. Turin; KA = K. Alders, KB = K. Booij and

TH = Th. Heijerman

along one or more hypothetical axes. These axes

are constructed from the data matrix itself and may

or may not coincide with gradients of real environ-

mental variables. Subsequent consideration of the

ecological requirements of the species may be of

help to interpret the hypothetical gradient in terms

of real environmental variables. Two Way Indica-

tor Species Analysis was also carried out, using the

TWINSPAN program (Hill 1979b). This method can

be classified as a divisive, polythetic technique, and

groups sample sites into hierarchical clusters, on a

basis of the common presence of indicator species

and/or preferentials.

Diversity aspects. - The individual sample sites

were described in terms of (1) total number of

species and (2) total number of individuals. These

parameters were calculated for the total data ma-

tix and for the matrix containing the forest species

separately. They were used to investigate whether

or not the carabid species composition of the var-

ious types of coniferous forests constituted a poor

reflection of the communities of the deciduous

sites. The significance of differences found were

tested by the WILCOXON test.

RESULTS

The data matrices

The total carabid sample consisted of 18,522

specimens of 88 species (0.21 specimens trap*

day), twelve of them belonging to the stenotopic

forest species, ten eurytopic forest species (sensu

Turin & Heijerman 1988), and the others being

non-forest species. The total number of specimens

of true forest species was 17,281.

It is not practicable to present the complete data

set; table 2 gives the abundances of only the 22 true

forest species. The complete data set, however, is

available on request.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

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246 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

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Fig. 2a. DCA-ordination (Detrended Correspondence Analysis). The sampling sites are marked according to their

geographical position in the Netherlands.

Statistical analysis

Ordination and cluster analysis. - The results of

the DCA-ordination are presented in fig. 2. The

analysis was performed using all species and all

sampling sites, and the original numbers of spec-

imens were transformed to their logarithms. In fig.

2a the sampling sites have been marked according

to their geographical position in the Netherlands.

In fig. 2b again the same sampling sites are shown,

but now the forest type is indicated. The positions

of sampling sites along the axes, representing hy-

pothetical gradients, obviously are not determined

by the type of forest habitat, but rather by their

geographical position. This seems particularly ob-

vious where it concerns the localities from Midden-

Nederland, Lievelde, Valkenswaard and the South-

ern part of Limburg (Zuid-Limburg), exclusive of

Wijlre. The Beek sample sites do not form a coher-

ent cluster, but are scattered among those from

Zuid-Limburg and Midden-Nederland. Wijlre con-

stitutes a very exceptional sampling site, being

situated in a douglas-fir stand very close to the river

Geul. Within Midden-Nederland clusters of forest

sites are rather obsolete. Clusters within the main

geographical regions are not indicated in the fig-

ures. Similar results were obtained using the forest

species alone, and are therefore not presented here.

Fig. 3a and fig. 3b show the results obtained by

TWINSPAN, based respectively on all carabid species

and on the forest species alone. Sampling sites are

marked according to their geographical position as

well as to the forest type. The main geographical

regions again appear to constitute more or less

concrete clusters; the Zuid-Limburg localities, ex-

clusive of Wijlre and inclusive of two Beek sites, are

grouped together in fig. 3a. Also the five sites of

Lievelde constitute a clear cluster. The Beek sites

are again distributed among the Zuid-Limburg and

the Midden-Nederland groups. The Valkenswaard

sites and the Midden-Nederland sites themselves

do not fall into clear clusters. Fig. 3b shows a rather

similar, though somewhat less clear picture.

From both the ordination and the TWINSPAN

analyses it can be concluded that the geographical

position, and not the forest type, is the important

factor determining the species composition of a

sampling site. It therefore seems impossible to

characterize the different types of forest in terms

of the presence of particular carabid species.

HEIJERMAN & TURIN: Carabid fauna of forest 247

] EN O (288)

FOREST TYPE: @ = Oak-BIRCH

A = LARCH

O = SPRUCE

150 -

= O = DoucLas FIR

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A ©) O ® 92

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Fig. 2b. DCA-ordination, but the sites are now marked according to the forest type.

Diversity

The results of the diversity analysis are pres-

ented in tables 3a and 3b; in the first table all

species were considered and in the latter table only

the forest species were used in the calculations. In

these tables sites were grouped according to forest

type. The WILCOXON-test was used to test for dif-

ferences in the mean values of the diversity statis-

tics, between forest types. For all species together,

it can be concluded that there are more specimens

of carabids in deciduous forests as compared with

larch forests. Regarding the forest species, more

species of carabids were caught in deciduous forests

as compared with both larch and spruce forests.

Geographical clusters

Species abundance data can be used to define the

geographical clusters of sites that were detected.

We will not present all the indicator species and

preferentials as recognized by TWINSPAN for each

cluster, but only try to characterize the clusters

making use of the most important indicator species

as well as the abundance data from table 2.

Zuid-Limburg. From table 2 it can be seen that

Carabus coriaceus occurs on almost all Zuid-Lim-

burg sites, and also in all Beek sites. Thiele (1977)

summarized the data from a great number of inves-

tigations of carabids of the central European forest

communities of several associations of the Fageta-

lia and the Quercetalia (see his table 5). C. coriaceus

appears to be an important species of several forest

types in mountains. All Zuid-Limburg sites except

Wijlre, are situated at least 180 m above sea level,

and the sites near Beek are situated on a lateral

moraine (40 m above NAP [sea level]). However,

this species is also known from dikeslopes and

forests in the Betuwe (< 10 m above NAP). The

most dominant species in Zuid-Limburg are Abax

parallelepipedus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus,

Carabus violaceus and C. problematicus, which are

also among the most abundant ones on many other

sites. C. problematicus is characterized by Thiele

(1977) as a species of mountains with no strict

affinity to a particular type of forest. The three

other species mentioned also occur in central Eu-

rope, independent of type of forest habitat. Rather

248 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

striking is the absence of C. nemoralis, also a spe-

cies not characteristic of a specific forest habitat,

and common in all other geographical clusters.

Also N. rufipes, a species with a peak occurrence

in lowland Quercetalia, has not been caught. Geo-

graphical cluster 4 (fig. 3a) contains all Zuid-Lim-

burg sites but one (Wijlre) and two Beek sites, and

is defined by the indicator species C. coriaceus and

the non-forest species P. vernalis and P. madidus.

T. nitens and P. cristatus are restricted to Zuid-

Limburg. The last three species mentioned are im-

portant species of the Fagetum forests in central

Europe (Thiele 1977).

Midden-Nederland. Cluster 5 (fig. 3b) contain-

ing all but three Midden-Nederland sites, is defined

by TWINSPAN by the indicator species C. nemoralts.

This species is indeed less abundant in the other

geographical clusters except for the Beek sites.

Cluster 5 (fig. 3a) is characterized not only by C.

nemoralis but also by N. biguttatus and the steno-

topic forest species N. rufipes. True forest species

restricted to one or more Midden-Nederland sites

are A. brunnea and H. quadripunctatus. These two

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TWINSPAN cluster method, for all sampled species. G: sites

are marked according to their geographical position. F:

sites are marked according to the forest type. For mean-

ing of the symbols see fig. 2.

species are not menitoned by Thiele (1977) in his

table 5. N. biguttatus appears to be an important

forest species with no strict affinity to a particular

forest type.

Beek. The Beek sites do not constitute a homo-

genous geographical cluster; the sites intermingle

with Zuid-Limburg (through the occurrence of C.

coriaceus) and with Midden-Nederland (through

the occurrence of C. nemoralis). Also Beek has no

unique true forest species.

Valkenswaard. The Valkenswaard sites are

mainly characterized through the (almost) com-

plete absence of a number of forest species that are

abundant in the other areas: C. nemoralis, A. pa-

rallelepipedus and C. violaceus. There is one unique

forest species: L. spinibarbis, a species not menti-

oned by Thiele.

Lievelde. Again A. parellelepipedus is totally ab-

sent, as are C. violaceus and C. problematicus. Ca-

lathus rotundicollus is the most dominant species

and is much more abundant here than in the other

areas. C. rotundicollis is not mentioned by Thiele

as an important species of central European for-

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TWINSPAN cluster method for the forest species alone.

Details as in fig. 2a.

HEIJERMAN & TURIN: Carabid fauna of forest 249

Table 3. Diversity statistics per forest type. 3a: calculated for all species, 3b: only true forest species. X: mean number,

SD: standard deviation. N-tot: total number of specimens per pitfall series, S-tot: number of species.

3a. N-tot S-tot H-tot

Forest type N x SD Xx SD x SD

oak-birch 12 DU? 491 15.6 5.4 1.5 0.3

larch 16 240 208 125 5.0 1.6 0.5

spruce 16 421 305 13.4 UL ile) 0.6

douglas 4 271 106 125) 4.7 1.6 0.1

3b. N-tot S-tot H-tot

Forest type N X SD X SD X SD

oak-birch 12 DO 495 IS) 1.8 1.4 0.2

larch 16 229 2a 7.8 1.8 1.4 0.3

spruce 16 394 368 74 22 1.0 0.4

douglas 4 268 105 9.8 Dl 1.6 0.1

ests, but this species is recorded as the most dom-

inant species in a mixed forest in Hall (DDR)

(Heckendorf et al. 1986) and in a mixed forest in

Foljuif (France) (Lecordier & Benest 1982). T. pla-

cidus is the only unique true forest species.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

Loreau (1984) studied the carabid communities

of a pine wood and a beech forest in Lembek (Bel-

gium). He found the beech forest to be inhabited

by more forest species compared with the pine

wood, to possess more characteristic species and to

have a higher species diversity. Inspection of the

values of the three components of diversity as cal-

culated by Loreau, however, reveals that differen-

ces are very small (l.c. Tableau V). Amongst other

things he finally concluded that the pine wood is

characterized by an impoverished carabid com-

munity. Recently Heckendorf et al. (1986) studied

the carabid communities of four types of forests

near Halle (DDR). The beech forest and the pine

forest communities were characterized as rather

poor in species as well as individuals.

These two examples confirm the findings of Den

Boer (1963) that coniferous forest types in general

can be regarded as marginal habitats for true forest

species, and that conifer plantations may indeed act

as barriers to the dispersal of carabids between

deciduous forest patches. These conclusions, how-

ever, are not really supported by our data. No

differences were found in the composition of the

carabid faunas of the forest types investigated, nor

are there any overall differences in the number of

species or the total number of specimens between

deciduous forests on the one hand and conifer for-

ests on the other. Our data strongly indicate that

the geographical position of the forest within the

Netherlands, constitutes a very important factor

determining the faunal composition. Also the idea

that coniferous forests may act as barriers that may

hamper dispersal of forest carabids between decid-

uous forests needs reconsideration.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We want to thank several colleagues who kindly

provided us with the data of their pitfall series (see

table 1): K. Alders, K. Booij, F. Smulders and the

late E. Penterman. Further we are grateful to P. J.

den Boer, P. H. van Tienderen and M. L. Luff for

their valuable suggestions. M. L. Luff also kindly

corrected the English.

250 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

REFERENCES

Boer, P. J. den, 1963. Lebeort (Habitat)-Bindung einiger

Waldcarabidenarten in Drente (Holland) in Zusam-

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Received: 19 August 1988

Revised version accepted: 1 August 1989

THE GENUS CRYPTUS FABRICIUS, 1804 OF THE CANARY

ISLANDS (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE)

G. VAN ROSSEM

ABSTRACT

Rossem, G. van, 1989. The genus Cryptus Fabricius, 1804 of the Canary Islands (Hymenoptera,

Ichneumonidae). — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 251-258, tables 1-7. [ISSN 0040-7496].

Published 1 December 1989.

Cryptus dianae Gravenhorst, 1829 solivagus subsp. nov. is described from Tenerife. A rede-

scription of the holotype of Cryptus obscuripes Zetterstedt, 1838 is given and the species is

acknowledged to be distinct. C. obscuripes impeditus subsp. nov. is described from Tenerife,

Palma and Gomera. The lectotype of Cryptus nigritarsis Kriechbaumer, 1894 from Tenerife is

redescribed. More specimens from Tenerife, only males, were found. Four new species are

described, viz., Cryptus praefortis from Tenerife and Gomera. Cryptus ultramondanus from

Lanzarote, Cryptus insularis from Fuerteventura and Cryptus furvus from Gran Canaria. Keys

to the Cryptus males and females from the Canary Islands are given.

Key words. — Cryptus, Canary Islands; new species.

G. van Rossem, Berkenlaan 25, 6711 RM Ede, The Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION

Two consignments of material from the Canary

Islands, received from Dr G. Ortega (Museo Insular

Ciencias Naturales, Tenerife) gave me the oppor-

tunity to study Canarian specimens of the genus

Cryptus Fabricius, 1804. Dr Kl. Horstmann (Zoo-

logisches Institut III, Würzburg) kindly offered me

to insert specimens from his collection and one

specimen from the Museo Insular at Tenerife. Dr

Horstmann also acted in my interest by asking for

the loan of the type material of Cryptus nigritarsis

Kriechbaumer at the Transvaal Museum at Preto-

ria (RSA). Dr Max Fischer (Naturhistorisches Mu-

seum Wien) sent the type specimen of Cryptus

verutus and Dr F. Koch (Museum für Naturkunde,

Berlin, DDR) put the type specimen of C. verutus

subsp. hierroensis at my disposal. Dr Roy Daniels-

son (Universitetets Zoologiska Institutionen,

Lund, Sverige) granted me the permission to study

the type of Cryptus obscuripes Zetterstedt and sev-

eral other specimens of that species and of Cryptus

dianae Gravenhorst as well.

With respect to the use of the name Cryptus the

author refers to Van Rossem (1987). Townes

(1970: 193) provides a description and a figure (fig.

165) of Itamoplex Forster, a junior synonym of

Cryptus Fabricius.

25]

In due time the collection Van Rossem will be

placed in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histo-

rie at Leiden.

KEY TO THE CRYPTUS MALES OF THE

CANARY ISLANDS

The males of C. praefortis,

C. verutus are unknown.

C. furvus and

1. All femora orange coloured. Frons not concave.

Tyloids on flagellar segments 14-19. Inner or-

bits of face with broad ivory margin. Outer

orbit with narrow ivory margin. Face with

short pilosity. Mesoscutum widely and weakly

Puactured te TSE

ae Cryptus dianae solivagus subsp. nov.

Hind:femuniblatk ei Seen: 2

N |

. Face with conspicuous, long pilosity, the length

of which is reaching the width of mandibular

base int Re NN: 3

3. Front, middle femora and tibiae orange co-

loured. Hind femur fuscous, laterally ferrugi-

nous. Tyloids on flagellar segments

13(14)-17(18)(19). Face and gena with long

PreEyisetae sE rONSiNOMCONCIVCRE IA, EE

252 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

N Cryptus nigritarsis Kriechbaumer

- Front and middle femora fuscous, brownish at

the extremity. Hind femur fuscous. Front and

middle tibiae brownish. Tyloids on flagellar

segments 12(13)-17(18). Face and gena with

long setae

EEE > Cryptus ultramondanus spec. nov.

. Basal area, first lateral area, areola and second

lateral area polished. Mesoscutum polished,

with fine punctation. Frons not concave. Ty-

loids on flagellar segments 15(16)-19

RE ER Cryptus insularis spec. nov.

— Basal area, first lateral area, areola and second

lateral area with sculpture. Punctation of me-

soscutum closer and coarse. Frons slightly con-

cave (not in a specimen from Palma). Tyloids

on flagellar segments 16(17)-19(20). Face and

gena with grey pilosity, but in length not reach-

ing the width of mandibular base

.... Cryptus obscuripes impeditus subsp. nov.

KEY TO THE CRYPTUS FEMALES OF THE

CANARY ISLANDS

The females of C. insularis and C. nigritarsis are

unknown.

IMÉlindemunoransecoloured non. 2

Hind femur black coloured

. Ovipositor exceptionally long, 0.96-1.0 of the

length of the front wing

DEE GERE AE Cryptus verutus Van Rossem

— Ovipositor of moderate length, 0.48-0.60 of

the length of the front wing (see remark on

page 253)

Beare Oe. SE Cryptus dianae solivagus subsp. nov.

. Ovipositor exceptionally long, 1.13 of the

N |

Table 1. Cryptus dianae dianae Gravenhorst

length of the front wing. Entire abdomen, with

allitergites) highlyspolishedi eis

Net a i di Cryptus furvus spec. nov.

= Ovpositorshorter ter 4

4. The apical transverse carina with strong apo-

physes. All abdominal tergites red in colour

and highly polished. Ovipositor 0.44-0.47 of

the lensth'ofithe front winless ee

NS. ORY OOD Cryptus praefortis spec. nov.

- The apical transverse carina without apo-

physes

5. Basitarsus of front leg 0.69 of the length of

front tibia. Ovipositor 0.86-0.98 of the length

of the front wing) AEREE RENO NOR ee

Passer NEN: Cryptus ultramondanus spec. nov.

— Basitarsus of front leg 0.58 of the length of

front tibia. Ovipositor 0.53 of the length of the

front wing (see remark on page 254)

.... Cryptus obscuripes impeditus subsp. nov.

Cryptus dianae dianae Gravenhorst

Cryptus dianae Gravenhorst, 1829: 545, Q.

Cryptus dianae dianae; Van Rossem 1969: 333-338. Com-

pare table 1.

Cryptus dianae dianae; Ortega & Baez 1980: 44-47.

Cryptus dianae solivagus subsp. nov.

Material. - Holotype: Tenerife, San Andres, 27.ii.1966,

10 m, leg. R. T. Simon Thomas, 1 8 (coll. Van Rossem).

Holotype label of the present author.

Description of male holotype. - Front wing 5.91

mm long. Palpi brown. Mandible black. Inner orbit

with ivory margin. Outer orbit with slight ivory

margin. Face black, pilosity short. Tyloids on flagel-

lar segments 14-19. Mesoscutum more widely

locality tyloids colour inner colour outer colour colour abdomen colour

orbits orbits femur 3 mandible

Netherlands 15-20 broadly ivory ivory marked orange postpetiole and terg. 2, 3 ivory; teeth

Grollo 18.v.1960 and 4 orange; rest fuscous fuscous

Denmark Löjt 15-20 broadly ivory ivory marked orange postpetiole and terg. 2,3, 4 ivory; teeth

Kirkeby vi.71 orange; rest fuscous fuscous

Italy Funes 15-21 broadly ivory ivory marked orange postpetiole and terg. 2, 3 ivory; teeth

20.vii.1968 and 4 orange; rest fuscous fuscous

Sverige Palsjò 15-19 broadly ivory ivory marked orange postpetiole and terg. 2, 3 ivory; teeth

Skane

and 4 orange; rest fuscous fuscous

VAN ROSSEM: Cryptus of Canary Islands 253

Table 2. Cryptus dianae solivagus subsp. nov.

locality tyloids colour inner colour outer colour colour abdomen colour

orbits orbits femur 3 mandible

Tenerife San 14-19 ivory margin narrow ivory orange tergites 2 and 3 orange; black

Andres 27.11.66 of face margin

rest fuscous

punctured than in continental specimens. All

femora orange coloured. First abdominal segment

black. Tergites two and three reddish, other ter-

gites black (third tergite orange in continental

specimens). Compare table 1 and 2.

Characteristics of the female. I did not see a

female from the Canary Islands of this subspecies.

Some important characters of the continental fe-

male follow here. Antenna with segments 4-7(8)

marked white, or without marking. Postanellus

slender 7.0-8.0 X as long as wide. Frons rather

concave. Inner and outer orbits with ivory margin.

All femora orange coloured. Abdominal segments

2-4 orange. Ovipositor in larger specimens

0.55-0.60 of the length of the front wing, 0.48-0.53

in small specimens.

Female. - Unknown.

Etymology. - "Solivagus” is the Latin for “stand-

ing solitary”.

Cryptus obscuripes Zetterstedt

Cryptus obscuripes Zetterstedt, 1838: 370.

Cryptus obscuripes, Horstman 1968: 311.

Cryptus dianae obscuripes; Van Rossem 1969:

336-337.

Cryptus dianae obscuripes; Ortega & Baez 1980:

47-49.

In my paper of 1969 I included Zetterstedt's

species, Cryptus obscuripes as a subspecies of

Cryptus dianae Gravenhorst. Reconsidering some

more or less stable features, I think this point of

view can not be maintained. It seems that

C. obscuripes represents a boreal - montane spe-

cies. It occurs in Scandinavia and Finland and also

it is known from mountainous localities in central

Europe.

Description of male holotype. - Labels: an orig-

inal label C. obscuripes 6, Talvig (Sverige, coll.

Zetterstedt). Holotype label of Horstmann (1966).

Front wing 7.33 mm long. Palpi, mandible, clypeus,

inner orbits, face below antennae, frontal orbit

next to antennal scrobes, upper inner orbit at OOL,

outer orbit (narrow), yellow to ivory in colour. Face

with grey pilosity. Frons, including scrobes, con-

cave. Upper frons with wrinkled sculpture. Anten-

nae, rather broken, with tyloids on flagellar seg-

ments 15-20 (left) and 15-19 (right). Prothorax

with rough sculpture and strong epomia. Mesoscu-

tum with rough punctures. Propodeum with coarse

wrinkled sculpture, both transverse carinae pres-

ent, the apical carina with weak apophyses. Meso-

pleurum with rough sculpture (greater part invis-

ible by pin). Front and middle coxae fuscous with

ivory spot. Hind coxae black, with conspicuous

setae. Front and middle femur brownish. Hind

femur brown with a ferruginous tendency. Front

and middle tibiae brownish with yellow streak,

slender. Hind tibia and basitarsus brown, the se-

cond, third and fourth tarsal segments white. Ab-

domen with petiole, seventh tergite and claspers

fuscous. Other parts orange in colour. Compare

table 3.

In all I have studied one other male from The

Netherlands, Ede, 28.vii.1970, leg. C. J. Zwakhals

(coll. Van Rossem). It closely agrees with the hol-

otype. Tyloids on flagellar segments 15-20 (on

20th segment very weak).

Description of female. - Sweden: Dir (Dalarna),

4.vii.1937, leg. A. Roman. Finland: 9, Fennia, Ks,

Salla, leg. Krogerus, 1936 (three specimens Uni-

versitetes Zoologiska Institutionen, Lund).

Front wing 6.66 mm long. Palpi fuscous. Entire

head black, except for ivory margins of upper inner

orbit, outer orbit and spot at OOL. Frons concave,

including antennal scrobes. There is some sculp-

ture around the median ocellus. OOL with micro-

sculpture. Antenna long and slender. Prothorax

with rough, longitudinal and wrinkled sculpture,

epomia strong. Mesoscutum polished, with scat-

tered, weak punctures. Propodeum with coarse,

wrinkled sculpture, both transverse carinae pres-

ent. Mesopleurum coarsely sculptured. All legs

brown. Abdomen with petiole fuscous, postpetiole

and all tergites orange. Ovipositor 0.53 of the

length of the front wing.

It seems to be unlikely that the species occurs in

the Canary Islands, though the mountainous char-

acter of that locality would make it acceptable.

I encountered three male specimens which I con-

sider to represent the species, although there are

some differences with the type, namely the posi-

254 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 3. Cryptus obscuripes Zetterstedt

locality tyloids colour inner colour outer

orbits orbits

holotype Sverige 1 15-20 broadly ivory ivory marked

Talvig r 15-19

Netherlands Ede 15-20 broadly ivory ivory marked

28.vii.70

tion of the tyloids: 16(17)-19(20) versus

15-19(20) in the type; clypeus and face fuscous and

with ivory marking in the type; hind tarsal seg-

ments 2, 3 and 4 fuscous and ivory coloured in the

type.

Eventually the best thing to do is to propose a

subspecies for the Canary Islands specimens.

Cryptus obscuripes impeditus subsp. nov.

Material. - Holotype male: Tenerife, Montana Ber-

meja, l.iii.1966, 1500 m, leg. R. T. Simon Thomas (Coll.

Van Rossem). Holotype label of the present author. Par-

atypes: Palma, La Rosa (Mazo), 4.viii.1981, 1 4, leg. G.

Ortega (Mus. Ins. Cienc. Nat. HY 1347); Isl. Can. Go-

mera, Laguna Grande, 16.viii.1977, 1 8, leg. M. Baéz.

(Mus. Ins. Cien. Nat. HY 1339).

Description of male holotype. - Front wing 6.88

mm long. Palpi pale brown. Mandible ivory, teeth

fuscous. Clypeus convex, punctured, with a wide

polished margin. Face closely punctured, with grey

pilosity. Frons somewhat concave, transversely

wrinkled. Inner orbits with conspicuous yellow

margin. Outer orbits with narrow yellow margin

up to vertex. Malar space wide, with microsculp-

ture. Gena polished, with minute punctation, im-

plantations of grey pilosity. Tyloids on flagellar

segments 17-20. Prothorax with coarse sculpture

and robust epomia. Mesoscutum with rather fine

punctation, notaulus strong. Postscutellum with

yellow mark. Propodeum, with coarse sculpture,

both transverse carinae present, the apical carina

with small apophyses. Mesopleurum with coarse

punctation. All coxae black. Front and middle

femora robust and brownish in colour. Front and

middle tibiae brown and with a yellow streak. Hind

femur, tibia and basitarsus brown, third and fourth

tarsal segments paler. Entire gaster orange to red-

dish, claspers black.

There are two specimens from two islands, viz.,

Palma and Gomera. The position of the tyloids is

colour colour abdomen colour

femur 3 mandible

fuscous all tergites bright orange ivory; teeth

tip somewhat fuscous fuscous

black postpet. terg. 2, 3, 4,5 ivory; teeth

orange fuscous

6 & 7 somewhat

fuscous

slightly different from the holotype of Tenerife.

The other characters are worth to accept.

Male, paratype. Palma, La Rosa. Front wing 5.77

mm long. Base of mandible ivory. Face with pilos-

ity (spoilt). Sculpture of frons agreeing with holo-

type. Inner and outer orbits in part with ivory

margin. Tyloids on flagellar segments 16-19. Co-

lour of legs and abdomen agreeing with holotype.

Male, paratype. Gomera, Laguna Grande. Front

wing 6.66 mm long. Ivory spot on upper margin of

mandible. Face with grey pilosity. Sculpture of

frons agreeing with holotype. Inner and outer or-

bits in part with ivory margin. Tyloids on flagellar

segments 17-19 (16 minute) left antenna; 16-19

right antenna. Colour of legs and abdomen corres-

ponding with holotype. Compare table 4.

No additional material found. I did not see the

Canary Islands female. The characters given in the

key are based on the continental female of Cryptus

obscuripes.

Etymology. - “Impeditus” is the Latin for “dif-

ficult to approach”, relating to the difficulty to

place the specimens taxonomically.

The main characters of the male of C. obscuripes

and the subspecies smpeditus are shown on the

tables 3 and 4.

Cryptus nigritarsis Kriechbaumer

Cryptus nigritarsis Kriechbaumer, 1894: 45-46.

Cryptus nigritarsis; Ortega & Baez 1980: 49-50.

Material examined. — Lectotype by present designa-

tion: Santa Cruz, Teneriffa, 19.ii.92, Dr. Brauns leg. /

Cryptus nigritarsus 6, m. [handwriting of Kriechbau-

mer] / Lectotype label of present author. Paralectotype:

Santa Cruz, Teneriffa, 19.11.1892, leg. Dr. Brauns /

Itamoplex sp. 14 [label of Townes 1971] / Paralectotype

label of present author. Both types in Transvaal Museum,

Pretoria.

Other material: Two males: Tenerife, P. del Hidalgo,

2.v.1971, leg. Teunissen (coll. Van Rossem). Male. Tene-

rife, Las Cafiodas, 5.vi.1970 ? (date illegible), leg. G.

Ortega (Museo Insular Ciencias Nat. HY 1349).

VAN ROSSEM: Cryptus of Canary Islands 255

Table 4. Cryptus obscuripes impeditus subsp. nov.

locality tyloids colour inner colour outer

orbits orbits

Tenerife 17-20 ivory marked upper orbit

Liii.66 ivory

Palma 16-19 ivory marked ivory marked

4.viii.81

Gomera 1 17-19 ivory marked ivory marked

16.viii.77 r 16-19

Description of male lectotype. - Front wing 8.0

mm long. Palpi black. Base of mandible with yellow

spot. Labrum with white spots. Base of mandible,

gena, temple, frons and face with long silvery hairs.

Clypeus with a broad polished front part. Face

closely punctured to coriaceous towards eye mar-

gin. Frons coarsely wrinkled. Inner orbits with yel-

low margin. Temporal orbits with yellow marking.

Antenna with tyloids on flagellar segments 14-18.

Antennal scrobes developed. Pronotum coarsely

wrinkled, epomia present, black in colour with

ivory spoton upper margin opposite notaulus. Me-

soscutum with rough sculpture on front part of

median lobe and transverse wrinkling along notau-

lus. Lateral lobe with strong punctures. Notaulus

well developed. Scutellum with widely placed

rough punctures. Propodeum with basal and apical

transverse carina present, coarsely wrinkled. A pi-

cal carina with very small apophyses. Mesopleu-

rum with rough and regular sculpture. All coxae

and trochanters black. Front and middle tibiae and

femora orange in colour, tarsi brown. Hind femur

fuscous, laterally reddish brown. Hind tibiae and

tarsi black. First abdominal segment black, margin

of postpetiole orange. Other segments bright

orange. All tergites polished, with microsculpture.

Male claspers black. |

Description of male paralectotype. - Tyloids on

flagellar segments 14-18. Petiole and postpetiole

black, margin of postpetiole red. Other tergites

orange-reddish in colour. Male claspers black. Co-

lour of hind femur fuscous, laterally somewhat fer-

ruginous.

The main characters of C. nigritarsis are shown

on Table 5.

Cryptus praefortis spec. nov.

Material examined. - Holotype female: Tenerife,

Ijuana, 11.vii.1986, leg. G. Ortega / Museo Insular Cien-

colour colour abdomen colour

femur 3 mandible

brown entirely orange-red; yellow;

clasper black teeth fuscous

black entirely orange 1vory;

claspers black teeth fuscous

black entirely orange ivory spot

claspers black on upper margin

cias Nat. HY 6842 / Holotype label of present author.

Paratype female: Gomera (Isl. Can.), Llanos Crispin,

13.viii.1977, leg. M. Baéz / Museo Ins. Cienc. Nat. HY

1374.

Two female specimens from the islands of Tene-

rife and Gomera respectively, belong to an undes-

cribed species of the genus Cryptus showing affin-

ity with C. spinosus Gravenhorst and C. subspi-

nosus Smits van Burgst. The difference with

C. spinosus lies in the coriaceous sculpture of the

tergites in C. spinosus while in C. subspinosus the

ovipositor is longer, 0.50-0.60 of the length of the

front wing and the second, third and fourth tergites

show a close and fine alutaceous sculpture.

Description of female holotype. - Front wing

6.35 mm long. Palpi, mandible and entire head

black, except for minute yellow margins of inner

and outer orbits. Clypeus convex, with a flattened

front margin. Face coriaceous, medially with a cir-

cular protuberance. Lower frons rather strongly

concave, transversely wrinkled. Antenna black,

postanellus 5.6 X as long as apically wide. Malar

space wide. Pronotum coarsely wrinkled, epomia

strong. Mesoscutum polished, widely punctured,

notaulus strong and long, transversely wrinkled

along the sides of the median lobe. Scutellum pol-

ished, with fine punctures. Propodeum with coarse

sculpture, both transverse carinae present, the ap-

ical carina with strong apophyses, reminding of

C. subspinosus and C. spinosus. Mesopleurum

strongly sculptured. All coxae black and all other

parts of legs fuscous. The abdomen shows a main

character of the species, namely all tergites highly

polished and red in colour. Ovipositor 0.44 of the

length of the front wing.

The paratype closely resembles the holotype.

The ovipositor measures 0.47 of the length of the

front wing.

256 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 5. Cryptus nigritarsis Kriechbaumer

locality tyloids colour inner colour outer colour colour abdomen colour

orbits orbits femur 3 mandible

lectotype Tenerife 14-18 yellow line tempor. orbit fuscous; petiole black base with

Santa Cruz yellow lateral. tergites orange yellow spot

reddish

paratype Tenerife 14-18 fuscous; first tergite black, other

Santa Cruz lateral. tergites orange

ferruginous

Tenerife P. del 14-18 yellow line ‚tempor. orbit fuscous; tip first tergite black; black

Hid. 2.v.1977 yellow somewhat other tergites reddish

ferruginous

Tenerife P. del 14-17 yellow line tempor. orbit fuscous first tergite black, terg. black

Hid. 2.v.1977 yellow ferruginous 2 & 3 red, tip black

Tenerife las 14-17 yellow spot at black fuscous first tergite black, terg. 2 black

Cañodas anten. base & 3 red, others ferruginous

Etymology. — “Praefortis” is Latin for “very black, apical part of postpetiole red. All other ter-

brave”. gites red coloured. Tergites subpolished, with mi-

Cryptus ultramondanus spec. nov.

Material examined. - Holotype female: Lanzarote (Isl.

Can.), Yaiza, 19.11.1979, leg. W. Perraudin (coll. Horst-

mann, Würzburg) / Holotype label of the present author.

Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 1 &; Lanzarote, Los

Valles, 20.11.1979, leg. M. Baéz, 1 ® (Museo Insul. Cienc.,

Nat HY 1327), 1 & (idem, HY 1346).

Description of female holotype. - Front wing

7.33 mm long. Palpi and mandible black. Clypeus

sparcely punctured, with a wide polished margin.

Face closely punctured. Malar space wide. Frons

wrinkled in front of anterior ocellus. Antennal

scrobes polished and somewhat concave. Inner or-

bit with yellow mark next to antennal socket.

Upper outer orbit with a small yellow spot. Gena

polished. Postanellus slender, 7.6 X as long as ap-

ically wide. Antenna with segments 5-9 white co-

loured. Pronotum coarsely punctured. Epomia

present. Mesoscutum and scutellum regularly

punctured. Notaulus strong. Mesopleurum with

coarse sculpture. Propodeum also coarsely sculp-

tured. Anterior transverse carina obsolete. The ap-

ical carina present, with weakly developed apo-

physes. All coxae black. Front femur and tibia and

middle tibia brownish in colour. Middle femur and

hind leg fuscous. Tarsi of all legs conspicuously

slender. Nervulus proximad of basal vein. Petiole

crosculpture. Ovipositor 0.86 of the length of the

front wing.

Description of the male paratype from Yaiza. —

The male agrees with the female. Not all characters

are recapitulated. Front wing 7.11 mm long. The

entire head, including the mandible, with long grey

setae. Right antenna missing beyond second flagel-

lar segment. Tyloids on flagellar segments 12-17.

Anterior transverse carina absent. The apical car-

ina with weakly developed apophyses. Margin of

postpetiole and all tergites orange in colour. Male

claspers black. Left hind leg lacking behind tro-

chanter.

Remark. - The male shows suspect resemblance

with the male of C. nigritarsis. The most impor-

tant difference lies in the colour of the front and

middle femora and tibiae, but it should be admitted,

in specimens from different islands. A definite de-

cision about conformity of the two species can only

be taken after the female of C. nigritarsis turns up.

Etymology. - “Ultramondanus” is Latin for “on

the other side of the world”.

The main characters of the male are shown on

tabel 6.

Cryptus insularis spec. nov.

Material examined. - Holotype male: Isl. Can., Fuertev

(= Fuerteventura), Vallebrin, 7.iii.1984, leg. G. Ortega /

VAN ROSSEM: Cryptus of Canary Islands Zo

Table 6. Cryptus ultramondanus spec. nov.

locality tyloids colour inner colour outer colour colour abdomen colour

orbits orbits femur 3 mandible

Lanzarote Yaiza 12-17 yellow spot yellow margin black first tergite fuscous; other black

19.11.79

at ant. scrobes temp. orbit

tergites red

Museo Ins. Cienc. Nat. HY 2162 / Holotype label of the

present author. Paratype: Same data, no. HY 2163.

Description of male holotype. - Front wing 5.06

mm long. Palpi and mandible fuscous. The entire

head black, only a minute marking of ivory on inner

orbit next to antennal socket and on temporal or-

bit. Face with close small punctures, implantations

of grey pilosity. Antennal scrobes polished and

somewhat concave. Upper frons not concave (com-

pare C. obscuripes), with weak sculpture around

anterior ocellus. OOL region, vertex and gena pol-

ished. Tyloids on flagellar segments 15-19. Lower

0.6 part of prothorax with wrinkled sculpture. Epo-

mia present. There is a vague light spot opposite

the notaulus. Mesoscutum polished with inconsid-

erable punctation. Scutellum polished. Basal area

and first lateral area, areola and second lateral area

polished (compare C. obscuripes). Both transverse

carinae present. Petiolar area wrinkled. Mesopleu-

rum with widely placed small punctures. All coxae,

including middle femur and entire hind leg black.

Front femur somewhat brownish. Front and mid-

dle tibia brownish, with an ivory streak. Entire

abdomen reddish, except for fuscous seventh ter-

gite and claspers.

The paratype agrees with the holotype. Tyloids

on flagellar segments 16-19. Orbits not marked.

Fifth, sixth and seventh tergites fuscous.

Etymology. - “Insularis” is Latin for “belonging

to the island”.

The main characters of the male are shown on

table 7.

Cryptus furvus spec. nov.

Material examined. - Holotype female: Gran Canaria,

Caldera Tejecta, Las Palmas, La Roche, 2.iv.1983 / Museo

Ins. Cienc. Nat. no. HY 1483 / Holotype label of the

present author.

Only one specimen of this species is available.

Within the genus Cryptus it takes an exceptional

position with its long ovipositor, 1.13 of the length

of the front wing.

Description of female holotype. - Front wing

7.33 mm long. Head including the mandibles black,

except for slight yellow marking on inner orbit

next to antennal socket. There is also a spot on the

outer orbit. Face with close punctation and coriace-

ous sculpture. Antennal scrobes polished, some-

what concave. Frons with coarse wrinkled sculp-

ture. Gena with widely placed fine punctures,

implantations of grey pilosity. Antenna long and

slender, sixth, seventh and eighth flagellar seg-

ments marked white. Pronotum with coarse sculp-

ture, the epomia robust. Lateral lobes of mesoscu-

tum polished, with weak punctures. The median

lobe proximally more closely punctured. The no-

taulus strong, with close transverse striation

across. Propodeum with coarsely wrinkled sculp-

ture. The basal transverse carina obsolete, the ap-

ical transverse carina present with weak apo-

physes. Mesopleurum coarsely sculptured. Legs,

including all coxae, fuscous. The front tibia slightly

swollen. The entire gaster black, with all tergites

highly polished, hairs almost obsolete. The highly

polished tergites offer a principal character. The

very long ovipositor, 1.13 of the length of the front

wing is another main character.

Etymology. - “Furvus” is the Latin for “dressed

in black”, relating to the entire black colour of the

specimen.

Cryptus verutus Van Rossem

Cryptus verutus Van Rossem, 1971: 209-211.

Cryptus verutus; Ortega & Baez 1980: 53-55.

Material examined. — Isl. Can. Tenerife, Güimar,

3.v.1965, leg. I. Klimesh, female. Holotype Van Rossem

(Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien), Isl. Can., Hierro,

9.iv.1898, leg. Hinz V, Female. Holotype of C. verutus

hierroensis Van Rossem (Museum für Naturkunde, Ber-

lin, DDR). Female, Tenerife, Tahodio, 25.11.1951, leg. R.

Arozena (Museo Ins. Cienc. Nat. no. HY 1357).

Description of female. - Front wing 7.5 mm

long. Head black with ivory lining of inner and

outer orbits. Postanellus 6.0-7.4 X as long as ap-

ically lining of inner and outer orbits. Postanellus

6.0-7.4 X as long as apically wide. Frons rugosely

wrinkled. Thorax roughly sculptured. Propodeum

258 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Table 7. Cryptus insularis spec. nov.

locality tyloids colour inner colour outer colour colour abdomen colour

orbits orbits femur 3 mandible

holotype 15-19 marked yellow minute yell. black tergite 1-6 orange-red base light

Fuerteventura 1984 next ant.scrob. spot temp.orb. terg. 7 fuscous coloured

paratype 16-19 minute yellow black black tergites 1-4 red; vague light

Fuerteventura 1984 spot vertex

with anterior transverse carina obsolete. Posterior

transverse carina present with weak apophyses. All

femora orange. Abdomen with petiole fuscous, all

other tergites orange coloured. Ovipositor long,

0.96-1.0 of the length of the front wing.

Male unknown to me.

REFERENCES

Gravenhorst, J. L. C., 1829. Ichneumonologia Europaea

2(2): 1-989. - Vratislaviae.

Horstmann, K., 1968. Typenrevision der von Zetterstedt

beschriebenen Ichneumonidenarten. - Opuscula En-

tomologica 33: 305-323.

Kriechbaumer, J., 1894. Hymenoptera ichneumonidea. —

Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39: 43-68.

Ortega, G. & M. Baéz, 1980. Contribucion al conocimiento

de los Ichneumonidos de las Islas Canarias. I. Subfami-

lia Gelinae (Hym. Ichneum.). - Annuario de Estudios

Atlanticos 26: 15-107.

other terg. fuscous spot at base

Rossem, G. van, 1969. A revision of the genus Cryptus

Fabricius s.str. in the western Palearctic region, with

keys to genera of Cryptina and species of Cryptus. —

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 112: 299-274.

Rossem, G. van, 1971. A new species of Cryptus from the

Canary Islands. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 114:

209-211.

Rossem, G. van, 1987. Cryptus Fabricius, 1804 (Insecta,

Hymenoptera): proposed conservation. — Bulletin of

Zoological Nomenclature 44(1): 9-10.

Townes, H., 1970. The genera of Ichneumonidae part 2.

- Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute

We ESS

Zetterstedt, J. W., 1838. Insecta Lapponica 317-476. —

Lipsiae.

Received: 30 October 1988

Revised version accepted: 31 August 1989

A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD GENUS NEURAESCHNA

HAGEN, 1867 (ODONATA: AESHNIDAE)

JEAN BELLE

ABSTRACT

Belle, J., 1989. A revision of the New World genus Newraeschna Hagen, 1867 (Odonata:

Aeshnidae). - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 132: 259-284, figs. 1-75, tab. 1. [ISSN 0040-7496].

Published 1 December 1989.

A synopsis is given of the twelve representatives of the genus Neuraeschna Hagen. The

species are classified into groups. Separate keys to the males and females are constructed.

N. inarmata is synonymized with N. dentigera Martin, and N. rostrifera Martin is considered

to be a synonym of Heliaeschna simplicia (Karsch), a species confined to SE Asia. Five new

taxa are described and illustrated, viz. N. cornuta (male holotype: Suriname, Distr. Nickerie,

Sipaliwini), N. maya (male holotype: Costa Rica, Prov. Limón, Barra de Tortuguero),

N.mayoruna (female holotype: Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos), N. maxima (male holotype: Brazil,

State of Para, Belem), and N. titania (male holotype: Ecuador, Prov. of Pichincha, Jaruqui).

Lectotypes are designated for three species described by Martin, viz. N. claviforctpata, N.

dentigera and N. harpya. The larva type of Newraeschna is determined by a reared individual

of N. harpya.

Key words. - South and Central America; Newraeschna; new species.

Dr. J. Belle, Onder de Beumkes 35, 6883 HC Velp, The Netherlands.

CONTENTS

IMEEOdUCHo NER EN 259)

Disposition of material studied and

ACKMOW IEG SE Me Mts yess O EN 260

SVSCEMAMESECHO DEFINITA boos aa cue 260

Treatment of the species

Key to the males of Neuraeschna............... 261

Key to the females of Neuraeschna ............. 262

Moe INE HOO 263

iNedenticeraiMartins 1000 ni. 263

N. mina Williamson & Williamson, 1930 ...... 264

NERC OMILULAES EE Neree nde Ce Sas CSN. 264

The Ni claviforcipata group... 265

N. claviforcipata Martin, 1909............... 265

(thepNeicostal:s croupeer ayes vst stai ae 266

Ni costalis (Burmeister, 1839)... 266

IN Sbroductaslimmins 9193.4) 222 22.2 20 een: 267

NMa vert nains OS nn eee ele ne 268

INL GLAD SPES OON ere 268

IN ZAND ESE DON ra een EE 269

MEN aaa IR EIN ERP ad oe 270

IN nb arMartin st 909s ee ones 270

DNErN 22724 BTOUPE 3: en. e Bae. 271

IN GOEETHOD. SSS (NON 2.2.2.8 SL Gede or 271

UDEINB AV Or knar CLOUD ta

IN|, GOGPORTLE SUG ON as oa ones sabes uo 2D

INEunaenchnaspetindet Mn ee Did

The status of Newraeschna rostrifera Martin, 1909 273

RIELELENCESN ERE ARO EEDE AEN RTE EN 2005

INTRODUCTION

The New World genus Newraeschna Hagen,

1867 includes at least twelve species of small to

very large Aeshnidae which are instantly recog-

nizable in the venation of the wing by the presence

of cross-veins in the midbasal space and in having

the subcosta prolonged through and beyond the

nodus.

The species of Neuraeschna are mainly Neo-

tropical in distribution but one specimen is here

recorded from the subtropical region of Brazil.

They haunt in woodlands. Their breeding places

seem mainly to be swampy areas but the only larva

of Newraeschna was taken in a bush creek. At

sunset the adults suddenly appear, sometimes in

troupes, to hunt in the dusk along the edges of

the woods and along the river banks near over

bush and water plants. Due to this crepuscular

habit and the fact that their flight is very erratic

and rather swift, these dragonflies are rarely col-

lected. As soon as the darkness falls more inten-

sively, they disappear again.

Davies and Tobin (1985) listed nine species of

Neuraeschna but two species should be discarded

since Newraeschna rostrifera Martin proves to fall

beyond the limits of the genus while Newraeschna

260 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

inarmata Kimmins is found to be a junior synonym

of Newraeschna dentigera Martin. Here five more

taxa of Neuraeschna are introduced under the

names N. cornuta, N. maya, N. mayoruna, N. max-

ima and N. titania bringing the total number of

Newraeschna species to twelve.

Lectotypes are designated for the three Martin

species Newraeschna claviforcipata, N. dentigera

and N. harpya. These three species are redescribed

in common with the type-species N. costalis (Bur-

meister). The hitherto unknown larva-type of

Newraeschna could be determined by a reared in-

dividual of N. harpya.

An attempt is undertaken to divide the genus

Neuraeschna into species-groups. Separate keys

for the males and females have been prepared.

Unless otherwise indicated, the illustrations are

camera lucida drawings made by me (details com-

pleted by free-hand). The photographs have been

made by the museum photographers of the Rijks-

museum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, and the

British Museum (Natural History), London. The

reproductions of these photographs are at three-

quarters of the full size of the dragonflies. The

Comstock-Needham terminology of the wing-

veins is used.

DISPOSITON OF MATERIAL STUDIED AND

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The material on which the present review is

based, belongs to the institutions and personal col-

lections listed below; the names are preceded by the

acronyms used throughout the text of this paper;

they are followed by the names of the persons who

made this material accessible for this study. These

persons are most gratefully acknowledged here.

ANSP - Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia;

Mr. Donald Azuma.

BMNH - British Museum (Natural History), London;

Mr. D. E. Kimmins (Ÿ) and Mr. Stephen J.

Brooks.

CG — Collection Garrison, Azusa; Dr. Rosser W.

Garrison.

CH — Collection Hellebuyck, Sherbrooke; Mr. Vic-

tor Hellebuyck.

CM — Collection Machado, Belo Horizonte; Prof.

Dr. Angelo B. M. Machado.

FSCA — Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gai-

nesville; Prof. Dr. Minter J. Westfall, Jr.

IRSN - Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Brus-

sels; Dr. Georges Demoulin and Dr. P. Groo-

taert.

MNHP - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Pa-

ris; Dr. Jean Legrand.

NHMV - Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; Dr. A.

Kaltenbach.

RNHL - Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,

Leiden; Mr. J. van Tol.

UCV - Instituto de Zoologia Agricola, Universidad

Central de Venezuela, Maracay; Mr. Jorge de

Marmels.

UMAA - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Mrs. L.

K. Gloyd.

USNM - National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.;

Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr.

ZMHB - Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universi-

tit, East Berlin; Dr. Kurt K. Günther.

SYSTEMATIC SECTION

The name Newraeschna was proposed by Selys

but the genus was firstly characterized by Hagen

(1867: 54) and therefore it must be credited to

Hagen. Hagen compared Nezraeschna with its

closest relative Staurophlebia Brauer which has

also the subcosta prolonged through and beyond

the nodus but the midbasal space of Stawrophlebia

is free from cross-veins.

In addition to the characteristics given antea in

the introduction, the species of Newraeschna are

characterized by the following features:

Head. Superior surface of frons generally dark

brown in anterior part and pale brown in basal part

but one species has a well-marked brown T-spot.

Rear of head light brown with a narrow black

stripe bordering posterior margin of eyes from

occipital triangle to lateral emargination in eye

border.

Pterothorax. Predominantly brown with pale

markings as follows: On each lateral side of dorsum

a pale antehumeral marking representing a more

or less ovoid spot prolonged below in a narrow

point at lateral end of transverse mesepisternal

ridge or representing a more or less stripe-shaped

marking which tapers below and which generally

abruptly widens at upper edge. Lateral sides of

pterothorax with two complete pale stripes paral-

lel to the sutures and more or less of even breadth

throughout, one pale stripe on the mesepimeron

and the other on the metepimeron. Posterior to

these pale stripes the two sclerites are often black-

ish brown to black. Metepisternum with a more or

less subtriangular pale dorsal spot, and there is a

small pale spot close above the spiracle.

Wings. Contrary to Staurophlebia the costal and

subcostal interspaces posses accessory cross-veins

proximal to the first primary antenodal. Some spe-

cies, however, lack the basal costal cross-veins and

have only basal subcostal cross-veins. A marked

brown costal stripe is often present, especially in

the larger species. Membranule well-developed

and pale dirty white. Male anal triangle in hind

BELLE:

wing three-celled but there is sometimes an inter-

polated cell.

Abdomen of male. Swollen at base and con-

stricted on segment 3, then, in dorsal view, grad-

ually widening to rear of segment 8, 9 or 10. Dor-

sum of segment 9 raised convex and generally

denticulated in basal half, depressed concave and

not denticulated on apical half. Accessory genitalia

of similar type to those of Staurophlebia. Base of

inferior anal appendage with a dorsal prolongation

that is notably bulbous in the larger species (fig.

34).

Abdomen of female. Also swollen at base but in

general moderately constricted on segment 3, then,

in dorsal view, almost parallel-sided or gradually

narrowing to segment seven. Ventral process on

tenth segment two-pronged and usually with sub-

sidiary teeth at anterior side of base of fork, the

subsidiary teeth often discernible in a caudal view

of the fork.

The larva of Newraeschna is easily distinguished

from that of Stazrophlebia by the marked protrud-

ing eyes, by the lack of knobs on head and thorax,

and by the lack of a comb-like external prominence

on either mandible.

Treatment of the species

There are excellent characters available in the

structure of the male anal appendages for separat-

ing species of Newraeschna. The accessory genitalia

are conversely of little importance since they show

no or hardly differences in closely allied species.

The tenth sternite of the female abdomen exhibits

characters which can be used sometimes for the

determination of species. The features of the tho-

racic colour pattern are kept off in the keys because

this pattern often disappear completely or almost

Revision of Neuraeschna 261

completely through post mortem discoloration and

this applies especially to the females. Table 1 is an

alphabetic list of all valid taxa. The genus

Neuraeschna is provisionally divided into six spe-

cies groups which show some overlapping.

Within each group the species are treated chro-

nologically. For each species is given a list of the

main references, the new material and a descrip-

tion or descriptive notes.

KEY TO THE MALES OF NEURAESCHNA

(The male of N. mayoruna is unknown)

1. Superior surface of frons with a well-marked

brown T-spot (fig. 14) (N. harpya group) ...

see, VOI RR OA N. harpya

— Superior surface of frons without well-marked

brown T-spot but largely or anteriorly dark

brown shading to pale light brown at base 2

2. Small species. Hind wing < 54 mm ....... 3

— Large species. Hind wing > 54 mm ....... 6

3. Superior appendages with a stout, submedian,

dentiform dorsal process. Inferior appendage

about three-fourths the length of superiors (N.

dentigera group)

— Superior appendages without such a dorsal

process. Inferior appendage half as long as

superiors (N. claviforcipata group) .........

a i Re tete N. claviforcipata

4. Dentiform process of superior appendage very

large, its base about one-third the length of

appendage. Inferior appendage in profile view

nearly straight for its proximal two-thirds,

than curved slightly dorsad and again straight

in\itsidistal:third\(fig. 53,54) N. mina

- Dentiform process much smaller. Inferior ap-

pendage in profile view bent throughout its

wholéilengehi eine weet ae: 5

Table 1. - Alphabetic list of names of the species of Newraeschna, with type locality, type status and type location.

Species Type locality Type

holo lecto sex location

1. calverti Kimmins, 1951 Peru (eastern) X é BMNH

2. claviforcipata Martin, 1909 “Amazon region” X é IRSN

3. cornuta spec. nov. Sipaliwini, Surinam X é RNHL

4. costalis (Burmeister, 1839) Bahia, Brazil X Q NHMV

5. dentigera Martin, 1909 Turuty, Brazil x 8 IRSN

6. harpya Martin, 1909 “Amazon region” X é IRSN

7. maya spec. nov. Barra de Tortuguero, X 6) FSCA

Costa Rica

8. mayoruna spec. nov. Iquitos, Peru x Q UMAA

9. maxima spec. nov. Belem, Brazil X 8 RNHL

10. mina Williamson & Williamson, 1930 Porto Velho, Brazil X é UMAA

11. producta Kimmins, 1933 Iquitos, Peru x é BMNH

12. titania spec. nov. Jaruqui, Ecuador X é BMNH

262

10.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

. Superior appendages with a truncated apex.

Dorsum of base of inferior appendage inflated

and discernible in dorsal view of abdomen (fig.

ALDO TAR AUTON RA AY RE N. dentigera

Apex of superior appendages tapering off to a

point. Dorsum of base of inferior appendage

notantlated! (figs DD) Wer ae ARC N. cornuta

. Superior appendages more or less flattened

and widened; in dorsal view the outer margin

of each appendage almost straight (N. costalis

group)

Superior appendages long, slender and forci-

pate; in dorsal view the outer margin of each

appendage strongly convex from base to apex

(fig. 57) (N. maxima group) .... N. maxima

. Superior appendage in profile view with the

upper edge of the raised apical portion pro-

duced in a long robust point (figs. 36, 43) ...

AAN DE OER SHES, LIO N. costalis

Superior appendage in profile view with the

raised apical portion appearing more or less as

a rhomboidal projection with round angles

. First angulation of inner margin of superior

appendage with a peg-like or spine-like projec-

tion. (EHESS TAMARA EN... N. calverti

First angulation of inner margin of superior

appendage rounded and smooth

. Dorsal prolongation of base of inferior appen-

dage in profile view not projecting above su-

perior appendage. Superior appendage with

outer apical margin angled and sometimes

bearinpfatdistincHpo BS In aa. 10

Dorsal prolongation of base of inferior appen-

dage in profile view projecting above superior

appendage. Superior appendage with outer ap-

ical margin broadly rounded (figs. 48, 49) ...

SAREI ari N. producta

Outer apical angle of superior appendage bear-

ing a small but distinct laterally directed sharp

point (fig. 51). Wings with well-developed

brown costal stripes, the brown colour of the

stripes extending over interspace behind RI,

between arculus and subnodus. Costal edge of

pterostigma in fore wing 5.5-5.8 mm, in hind

wing ACT N. titanta

Outer apical angle of superior appendage with-

out sharp point, at the most with a small tub-

ercle at inferior margin. Wings without or with

rather weakly developed brown costal stripes,

the brown colour of the stripes not extending

over interspace behind R1, between arculus

and subnodus. Costal edge of pterostigma in

fore wing 4.2-5.0 mm, in hind wing 3.2-4.0

ahaaa El dir reine ht N. maya

KEY TO THE FEMALES OF NEURAESCHNA

(The females of N. cornuta and N. mina are un-

known)

Superior surface of frons with a well-marked

brown T-spot (fig. 14). Hind wing 55-60 mm

(N. harpya group) ............. N. harpya

Superior surface of frons without well-marked

brown T-spot but anteriorly pale or brown

shading to light brown at base ........... 2

. Small species. Hind wing < 54 mm ....... 3

Larger species. Hind wing > 54 mm ...... 4

. Wings with diffuse brown basal patches which

in antenodal interspaces are sometimes ex-

tended nearly to second primary antenodal.

Hind wing 50-51 mm; width of hind wing at

nodus 14 mm. Costal edge of pterostigma in

fore wing 40-45 mm (N. claviforcipata

group): 5.01. akk A N. claviforcipata

Wings without basal spots. Hind wing 46-48

mm; width of hind wing at nodus 13 mm.

Costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing 3.5-4.0

mm (N. dentigera group) … N. dentigera

. No basal costal cross-vein, only basal subcostal

cross-veins present. Fork of tenth sternite in

profile view distinctly rising before the line of

posterior margin of sternite (fig. 22). Hind

wing 61 mm; width of hind wing at nodus 17.5

mm. Costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing

4.5 mm (N. mayoruna group)

OR ES SORE N. mayoruna

Basal costal and subcostal cross-veins present.

Fork of tenth sternite in profile view not or not

notably rising before the line of posterior mar-

gin of sternite

. Abdomen swollen on segments 1 and 2, then

strongly constricted on segment 3; in dorsal (or

ventral) view the abdomen is three times as

wide at segment 2 as it is in the middle of

segment 3 (fig. 59). Hind wing 70 mm; width

of hind wing at nodus 19 mm. Costal edge of

pterostigma in fore wing 6 mm (N. maxima

SLOUP)L ee er o PEEETE N. maxima

Abdomen also swollen on segments 1 and 2 but

moderately or slightly constricted on segment

3 (N. costalis group)

. Superior surface of frons largely pale and with

a weakly developed brown central spot (fig.

15). Hind wing 66 mm; width of hind wing at

nodus 18.5 mm. Costal edge of pterostigma in

fore wing 6.3 mm. Specimen from subtropical

region of southern Brazil .... N. spec. indet.

Superior surface of frons with a brown anterior

marking extending over the whole breadth of

the frons

BELLE:

7. Vertex brown. Hind wing 59 mm; width of

hind wing at nodus 16.5 mm. Costal edge of

pterostigma in fore wing 5 mm. Wings with-

out or with weakly developed brown costal

SCRPEM TE Oil N. calverti

- Vertex black. Hind wing larger and broader 8

8. Fork of tenth sternite in profile view strongly

angled caudad, the prongs notably slender and

long, and curved at two-thirds length (figs. 18,

26). Hind wing 65 mm; width of hind wing at

nodus 17-18.5 mm. Costal edge of pterostigma

Im KORE vs DIO NATI O AI

a al en sr) N. producta

- Fork of tenth sternite not or not so strongly

curved caudad, the prongs not as in the preced-

na spese a LOR LE e 9

9. Large species with relative short pterostigma.

Hind wing 66-68 mm; width of hind wing at

nodus 18-19.5 mm. Costal edge of pterostigma

in fore wing 4.9-5.4 mm (= 7.7%-8.1% of

fore wing length). Central American spe-

CICERO. N. maya

- Pterostigma relatively longer, that of fore wing

9%-10% of fore wing length .......... 10

10. Large species with well-developed brown cos-

tal stripes, the brown colour of the costal stripe

extending over adjoining interspace behind

RI, between arculus and subnodus (figs. 72,

73). Tenth sternite robust, the fork in profile

view generally continuing the line of posterior

margin of sternite (figs. 20, 28). Hind wing

63-68 mm; width of hind wing at nodus

18-19.5 mm. Costal edge of pterostigma in

LOI SOIN 529245 qatar N. titania

- Somewhat smaller species. The brown costal

stripes generally not so well-developed as in

the preceding species. Tenth sternite less ro-

bust, the fork in profile view generally angled

caudad (figs. 17, 24). Hind wing 59-64 mm;

width of hind wing at nodus 17-18 mm. Costal

edge of pterostigma in fore wing 5-6.3 mm

3 65515 NE EREA N. costalis

THE N. DENTIGERA GROUP

In this group I place N. dentigera, N. mina and

N. cornuta which are bound together by the follow-

ing characters: (1) small species (hind wing < 54

mm); (2) no basal costal cross-veins but at least one

basal subcostal cross-vein present; (3) Superior

surface of frons without well-marked brown T-

spot; (4) pale antehumeral marking stripe-shaped

with pointed lower end and generally widened

upper end: (5) male superior appendage blade-

shaped and provided with a stout dentiform pro-

cess at or slightly before mid-length.

Revision of Neuraeschna 263

Species of the N. dentigera group: N. dentigera

Martin, N. mina Williamson & Williamson and N.

cornuta spec. nov.

Neuraeschna dentigera Martin, 1909

(figs. 1, 41, 42, 64)

Neuraeschna dentigera Martin, 1909: 207, 208, fig. 213

(4 app.) - 69 Surinam; Williamson & Williamson

1930: 15 (4, ® Guyana); Kimmins 1951: 48.

Neuraeschna inarmata Kimmins, 1951: 46-48, figs. 8,9

(8 app.). - @ New River, Guyana. Syn. nov.

Material. - Brazil: state of Para; Rio Xingu Camp, ca.

60 km S. of Altamira (52° 22’ W., 3° 39’ S.), 8 October

1986, 1 9 (Igarape, mist nets at dusk); 9 October 1986,

1 2 (Ist jungle stream, trail 1); 9 October 1986, 1 9 (mist

net at dusk), all P. Spangler & O. Flint, USNM. - Guyana:

Essequibo River, Rockstone, 1 February 1912, 1 3, 1 9,

L. A. & E. B. Williamson & B. J. Rainey, UMAA. - Peru:

Dept. Loreto, Prov. Maynas, Iquitos, 8 July 1931, 1 8

(teneral), from Paul Nagel, FSCA.

Lectotype designation of Neuraeschna dentigera

Martin, 1909. - According to Martin (1909) the

original series of Newraeschna dentigera is in the

Selysian collection and consists of two males and

two females from “Surinam”. However, I found

three males and one female while, from the pin

labels, these specimens appeared to be secured in

Turuty at the Amazon River by Bates. The chosen

lectotype is the male which has served for fig. 213

in Martin's monograph of 1909. This male is dis-

tinguished from the other two of the original series

by the somewhat more strongly curved inferior

appendage. The pin labels are “31”, “Turuty”,

“Neuraeschna dentigera Bates @ Turuty” (in Selys’

hand; the words “modesta Selys” deleted and

changed into “dentigera Bates”), “Collection Selys

Type Neuraeschna dentigera Bates Revision Mar-

tin 190 Neuraeschna dentigera Martin” (text

partly printed) and “Type Neuraeschna dentigera

Martin” (the word “Type” printed in red). I have

added the yellow pin label “LECTOTYPE Rev. J.

Belle, 1988”.

The lectotype is in fairly good condition but the

tips of the right pair of wings are broken off distal

to the pterostigmata.

At the end of the description of Neuraeschna

inarmata, Kimmins (1951) stated that his species

is closely related to Neuraeschna dentigera Martin

but readily separable from it by the form of the

male superior anal appendage “unless his (= Mar-

tin’s) figure is very inaccurate”. Because fig. 213 in

Martin's monograph shows the superior anal ap-

pendage with a second tooth-like projection on the

264 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

inner margin of each appendage in contrast to

Kimmin’s male which has not such an extra (se-

cond) tooth.

On 19 April 1961 I visited the Brussels Museum

in order to check fig. 213 in Martin's monograph.

The depiction proved to be very inaccurate, indeed.

In stead of a second tooth-like projection there was

a broad rounded lobe. Also the inferior appendage

appeared not so strongly curved as depicted. At my

visit of the British Museum (Natural History) on

20 June 1961 I was able to compare the males of

Neuraeschna dentigera from the Selysian collec-

tion with the holotype male of Newraeschna inar-

mata. No character was found that would justify a

specific distinctness of the two species. Thus we

consider Nezraeschna inarmata Kimmins a junior

synonym of Newraeschna dentigera Martin.

Male. - Total length 64-69 mm; abdomen 49-53

mm (incl. app. 5.0-5.2 mm); hind wing 43-46 mm;

costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing 3.9-4.0

mm, in hind wing 2.9-3.0 mm.

Head. Face orange-brown, the anteclypeus with

greyish tinge. Superior surface of frons dark brown

anteriorly, fading to pale light brown basally. Ver-

tex dark brown. Antennae light brown. Occipital

triangle brown. Upper part of rear of head black.

Pterothorax: Dark brown with pale (= green)

stripes. Pale antehumeral markings stripe-shaped,

the upper part widened mesad, the lower third

tapering to lateral end of transverse mesepisternal

ridge (fig. 1). Pale mesepimeral and metepimeral

stripes about equal in width. A small pale dorsal

spot on metepisternum. Wing articulations with

pale spots.

Legs. Reddish brown but dark brown at knees.

Wings. Clear, in old specimens faintly brown

tinged. Pterostigma light brown. Membranule

dirty white, that of hind wing extending along

posterior wing margin to a point about two-fifths

the way along first paranal cell. Antenodals in fore

wing 23-28, in hind wing 19-21.

Abdomen. Dark brown but segment 2 with

green middorsal stripe. In dorsal view constricted

on segment 3, then gradually wider on segments 4

to 9 with the segments 6 to 9 becoming more

depressed successively. Upper surface of segment

10 flat and elevated at apex. Appendages dark

brown and shaped as shown in figs. 41 and 42.

Female. — Total length 65-67 mm (excl. app);

abdomen 50-54 mm (excl. app.); hind wing 46-48

mm; width of hind wing at nodus 12.5-13.5 mm;

costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing 4.0-5.0

mm, in hind wing 2.7-3.0 mm.

Similar to male regarding stature and general

coloration but dark brown colour of pterostigma

less dark and abdominal segment 2 not constricted.

Antenodals in fore wing 23-30, in hind wing

19-22. Fork of tenth sternite in profile view con-

tinuing the line of posterior margin of sternite.

Anterior surface of sternite at base of fork with two

or three small subsidiary teeth on either side.

Save the deviations in the curving of the inferior

appendage the males also differ in the develop-

ment of the tooth-like projection and the confor-

mation of the apical portions of the superior ap-

pendages. These have or have not a small acute

tooth on the outer apical end.

Neuraeschna mina Williamson & Williamson,

1930

(fig. 53, 54)

Neuraeschna mina Williamson & Williamson, 1930:

9-15, figs. 1, 2 (& app.) - 6, Brazil (Territorio de

Rondônia).

Neuraeschna cornuta spec. nov.

(figs. 2, 55, 56)

Material. - Holotype: Suriname: Distr. Nickerie, Sipa-

liwini (at a small creek along a patch to the airstrip), 14

February 1961, 1 g, D.C. Geijskes, RNHL.

Male (holotype; a pinned specimen in perfect

condition). — Total length 67 mm; abdomen 51.5

mm (incl. app. 4.9 mm); hind wing 44 mm; costal

edge of pterostigma in fore wing 3.3 mm, in hind

wing 2.5 mm.

Head. Face light brown but upper half of vertical

part of frons dark brown. Superior surface of frons

dark brown on anterior half with convex posterior

margin (no T-spot), the basal half pale light brown.

Antennae light brown. Vertex black. Occipital tri-

angle dark brown.

Pterothorax. Dark brown with pale (= green)

markings. Antehumeral markings stripe-shaped,

the lower end tapering and directed to lateral edge

of anterior mesepisternal ridge, the upper end

slightly widened mesad but much widened laterad

(fig. 2). Pale mesepimeral stripe rather narrow.

Pale metepimeral stripe as wide as pale mesepi-

meral stripe at its upper end, becoming gradually

narrower toward below.

Wings. With a faint brown tinge, the costal mar-

gins slightly darker. Pterostigma brown-yellow.

Membranule reaching to a point about one-third

the way along first paranal cell. Antenodals in fore

wings 28-30, in hind wings 22-23.

Abdomen. Dark brown with pale (= yellow to

BELLE:

yellow-green) markings on segments 2 and 3. Seg-

ment 2 with a broad pale streak along ventral tergal

margins and behind auricles; middorsum of seg-

ment with a pale stripe over whole length of seg-

ment, not connected with the pair of two short,

transverse pale stripes at posterior border of seg-

ment. Segment 3 with large pale basal side spots

extending along ventral tergal margin to halfway

the segment, and with a pair of small, transversely

elongated, dorsal posterior pale spots. Segment 3

constricted. Apical segments depressed. Anal ap-

pendages shaped as shown in figs. 55 and 56, the

superiors being a trifle longer than segments 9 and

10 together.

THE N. CLAVIFORCIPATA GROUP

N. claviforcipata shows the features listed for

the N. dentigera group except for point (6). In N.

claviforcipata the dorsal dentiform process is re-

placed by a mere raised outer edge of the superior

appendage on the basal half.

Species of the N. claviforcipata group: N. clavı-

forcipata Martin.

Neuraeschna claviforcipata Martin, 1909

(figs. 3, 4, 16, 33, 39, 40, 65)

Neuraeschna claviforcipata Martin, 1909: 206, 207, fig.

212 (8 app.) - 6 ® Amazon region; Williamson &

Williamson 1930: 15 (8 Brazil, State of Pará); Racenis

1970: 29 (4 Venezuela); Geijskes 1971: 664 (4 French

Guiana).

Material. — Brazil: State of Amazonas, Rio Negro (at

Manaus), 2 8, ex coll. Lacroix, MNHP; State of Pará, 1

6; State of Pará, June 1935, 1 &, G. V. Vredenburg,

BMNH; State of Pará, Belem, 5 August 1922, 1 & (ten-

eral), J. H. Williamson, UMAA. - Ecuador: Prov. Napo,

Rio Napo, Limoncocha (300 m), 5 November 1980, 1 9

(teneral), M. J. Westfall, Jr. & David Robinson, FSCA. —

Suriname: Distr. Marowijne, Tapanahoni River, Drietab-

betje (in forest), 8 October 1952, 1 9, D. C. Geijskes,

RNHL. - Venezuela: Est. Bolivar, Guayaraca-Auyante-

qui, 16 April 1956, 1 8, J. Racenis, UCV.

Lectotype designation of Newraeschna clavifor-

cipata Martin, 1909. — For this purpose the best

preserved male of the original series of this species

in the Selysian collection (IRSN) has been taken.

The pin labels are “109”, “Bates”, “Neuraeschna

claviforceps Bates & Amazone” (in Selys’ hand),

“Collection Selys Type Neuraeschna claviforcipata

Bates Revision Martin 190 Neuraeschna clavifor-

cipata Martin” (text partly printed) and ‘Type

Neuraeschna claviforcipata Martin” (the word

“Type” printed in red). I have added the yellow pin

label “LECTOTYPE Rev. J. Belle, 1988”.

Revision of Neuraeschna 265

The wings of the lectotype are not perfect. The

tip of the right fore wing is broken off proximal to

the pterostigma while the hind border of the hind

wings displays some damages.

Male. - Total length 70-75 mm; abdomen 56-58

mm (incl. app. 4.5-5.0 mm); hind wing 49-51 mm;

costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing 3.2-4.0

mm, in hind wing 2.5-3.0 mm.

Head. Face light brown. Superior surface of

frons dark brown anteriorly, fading to pale light

brown basally. Antennae brown, the first antennal

segment darker. Vertex black. Occipital triangle

black.

Pterothorax. Dark brown with pale stripes. An-

tehumeral markings green to bluish-green, stripe-

shaped, the upper part widened mesad, the lower

third tapering to lateral end of transverse epister-

nal ridge (figs. 3, 4). A moderately wide green

stripe On mesepimeron and an equal one on mete-

pimeron. A small green dorsal spot on metepister-

num. Wing articulations green.

Legs. Red-brown, darker at knees and on tarsi

and claws. >

Wings. Clear, in aged individuals slightly brown

tinged with faintly discernible brown costal stripes.

Pterostigma light brown. Membranule of hind

wing extending along posterior margin of wing to

a point nearly halfway along first paranal cell. An-

tenodals in fore wing 27-36, in hind wing 19-25.

Abdomen. Long and slender. Segment 3 con-

stricted. Segments 7 to 10 distinctly depressed.

Dark brown with pale (= yellow to yellow-green)

markings on segments 1 to 4. Segment 1 with two

connected pale dorsolateral spots. Segment 2 pale

behind auricles and along ventral tergal margins,

with a fine pale middorsal stripe from base to a

point three-fourths the way along segment, and

with a submedian dorsal pair and a more posterior

dorsal pair of transversely elongated pale spots.

Dorsum of segment 3 with two small pale spots at

transverse carinae and another pair of small pale

spots at posterior margin. Dorsum of segment 4

with two small pale spots near posterior margin.

Appendages dark brown, about as long as segments

9 and 10 together, shaped as shown in figs. 39 and

40.

Female. - Total length 67-69 mm (excl. app.);

abdomen 51-54 mm (excl. app.); hind wing 50-51

mm; width of hind wing at nodus 14 mm; costal

edge of pterostigma in fore wing 3.8-4.5 mm, in

hind wing 2.8-3.1 mm.

Similar to male but abdominal segment 3 not

constricted and end segments of abdomen not de-

pressed. Wings clear with diffuse brown basal

266 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

patches which in antenodal interspaces are some-

times extended to second primary antenodal (fig.

65). Antenodals in fore wing 29-32, in hind wing

21-23. Fork of sternite of abdominal segment 10

shaped as shown in fig. 16.

The measurements here mentioned are those of

fully mature specimens. They are smaller in the

teneral specimens. The teneral male from Belem

has the dimensions: total length 64 mm, abdomen

50 mm (incl. app. 4.5 mm) and hind wing 46 mm;

those of the teneral female from Limoncocha are:

total length 64 mm (excl. app.), abdomen 50 mm

(excl. app. 5.5 mm) and hind wing 47 mm.

The teneral female from Limoncocha is the only

female with intact anal appendages. Each appen-

dage is slender and narrow on the basal third; the

apical two-thirds portion is blade-shaped and has

a rounded median keel on the upper surface (fig.

33). The fork of the tenth sternite has on its ante-

rior surface a relatively large central supplemen-

tary tooth which is discernible in caudal view.

There is not such a supplementary tooth in the

other females.

The prongs of the fork of the tenth sternite are

more divergent in the complete syntype female

than in the other females. The fork of the other

syntype female is broken away.

THE N. COSTALIS GROUP

The characters of this groupe are: (1) large spe-

cies (hind wing > 54 mm); (2) basal costal and

subcostal cross-veins present; (3) superior surface

of frons without well-marked brown T-spot; (4)

pale antehumeral marking more or less ovoid, the

lower end pointed, the upper end sometimes

slightly constricted; (5) male superior appendages

blade-shaped without any kind of a dorsal process

on basal half.

The members composing the N. costalis group:

N. costalis (Burmeister), N. producta Kimmins, N.

calverti Kimmins, N. titania spec. nov. and N.

maya spec. nov.

Neuraeschna costalis (Burmeister, 1839)

(figs. 5, 17, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 43, 66-68)

Aeschna costalis Burmeister, 1839: 837 — Q Brazil, State

of Bahia.

Gynacantha ferox Erichson, 1848: 585 (& Guiana, holo-

type in ZMHB); Hagen 1867: 54.

Neuraeschna costalis, Hagen 1867: 55, 56; Selys 1883:

748 (40 sep.); Kirby 1890: 95; Martin 1909: 205, fig.

210 (8 app.); Kimmins 1933: 226; Räcenis 1970: 29,

30 (& Venezuela); Geijskes 1971: 663 (9 French Gui-

ana); Davies & Tobin 1985: 15.

Material. - Brazil: State of Pará, Obidos, 1 @, ANSP (ex

coll. Calvert); Obidos, March 1971, 1 4, B. Ferreira; Dis-

trito Federal, Brasilia, May 1970, 1 9, Frits, CM. State of

S20 Paulo, Rio Guaratuba (Varjào), 7 March 1969, 3 4,

1 2; 29-30 April 1969, 9 6, 5 9; 21 April, 2 6, 1 9; 23

April 1970 (at 6 p.m.), 1 9; 15 April 1971 (at 5.30 p.m.;

riverbank), 1 &; 19 April 1971 (at 5.30 p.m.; riverbank),

2 &; 19 March 1972, 2 9, all E. Dente, CM but 2 4, 1 9

in RNHL. - Ecuador, Prov. Pastaza, Rio Napo, Puyo-

Oriente (elev. 1000 m), 29 November 1936 (at 5.30 p.m.),

1 @, W. Clark-Macintyre, UMAA. - Guyana: Mazaruni-

Potario Dist, Kartabo Point; Earthwatch Research

Exped. 21 December 1983, 1 9, W. E. Steiner, USNM. —

Suriname: Distr. Suriname, Paramaribo (Cultuurtuin), 9

November 1938, 1 9; Distr. Saramaca, Coesewijne River

(at light), 25 October 1945, 1 Q; Distr. Marowijne, be-

tween Moengotapoe and Wia Wia (trail 19, at swamp),

October 1948, 2 4; Marowijne River (first island), 23

October 1948, 1 @, all D. C. Geijskes; Distr. Saramacca,

Garnizoenspad (km 20, at 6.30 p.m.), 7 September 1955,

2 4; Distr. Suriname, Fernandesweg naar Zee, 9 Sep-

tember 1955, 1 &, 1 9; Para River (along road to Dom-

burg, at 6.15 p.m.), 21 September 1955, 1 &, Rijsdijkweg,

4 March 1957, 1 4, Paramaribo (Zorg en Hoop), 19

August 1958, 1 9; 17 August 1959, 1 9, all J. Belle; Distr.

Marowijne, Albina, August 1973, 1 @ (teneral); 28 Sep-

tember 1973, 1 9; Distr. Suriname, Zanderij, 13 Sep-

tember 1973, 1 Q, all J. J. Belle, RNHL. Distr. Suriname,

Paramaribo (Zorg en Hoop), 22 August 1958, 1 9; Zan-

derij (Weg naar Matta), 28 July 1963, 1 8; both J. Belle,

ZMHB. - Venezuela: 1899, 1 4, F. Gray, MHNP. Est.

Amazonas, Simarawochi, 30 March 1973, 1 6, W. Perez

(No. 13892). Est. Bolivar, Uruyen, 11 April 1956, 1 6,

Foldat (No. JR-06637); El Bochinche, 5-8 December

1985, 1 9, L. D. Otero & A. Chacón, UCV.

Male. - Total length 82-91 mm; abdomen 62-71

mm (incl. app. 5.9-6.5 mm); hind wing 56-62 mm;

costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing 5.0-5.8

mm, in hind wing 3.6-4.6 mm.

Head. Face yellow-brown to brown but antecly-

peus with a tinge of green. Frons granulous. Super-

ior surface of frons dark brown anteriorly, fading

to pale light brown basally; the posterior margin of

the dark brown marking straight or convex. Vertex

dark brown to black. Antennae light brown. Occip-

ital triangle dark brown and tufted with brown

hairs. Eyes in freshly killed specimens dark green

on upper half and yellow-green on lower half.

Pterothorax. Dark brown with pale markings.

Antehumeral pale markings blue-green, ovoid, its

antero-lateral corner prolonged in a narrowed

point reaching to lateral end of transverse mesep-

isternal ridge (fig. 5). The two pale lateral stripes

rather narrow and green, followed by a dark brown

to black stripe. Wing articulations dark blue.

Legs. Red-brown, darker at knees.

Wings. Clear, the brown costal band variable, in

some specimens developed only at base of wings,

BELLE:

in other specimens well-developed and extending

over adjoining interspaces behind R1. In aged in-

dividuals the wings becoming dark brown tinged,

often firstly in the middle from discoidal triangle

to pterostigma. Venation dark brown. Pterostigma

brownish yellow. Membranule dirty white, that of

hind wing extending to a point halfway along first

paranal cell. Antenodals in fore wing 31-36, in

hind 23-26.

Abdomen: Dark brown. Constricted on segment

3, becoming gradually wider and more depressed

on segments 4 to 10. Anal appendages shaped as

shown in figs. 35 and 36.

Female. - Total length 81-85 mm (excl. app);

abdomen 61-64 mm (excl. app. 3.5-4.0 mm); hind

wing 59-64 mm; width of hind wing at nodus

17-18 mm; costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing

5.0-6.2 mm, in hind wing 4.0-5.3 mm.

Coloration similar to male. Abdomen slightly

constricted on segment 3, then in dorsal view al-

most parallel-sided on segments 4 to 7, slightly

wider on segments 8 and 9. Fork of tenth sternite

in profile view generally distinctly angled caudad

(fig. 17) and with one to four subsidiary teeth on

anterior basal side of fork. Anal appendages an-

tenna-shaped and short, about as long as abdomi-

nal segment 9 (fig. 31). Antenodals in fore wing

30-37, in hind wing 23-27.

Infraspecific variation. - The specimens from

Suriname are the smallest of the series, those from

southern Brazil the largest.

The male anal appendages show some interest-

ing morphological variations. In some males the

raised apical portion of the superior appendage in

profile view appears as a rhomboidal projection

with an upper apical point but in other males more

or less as a triangular projection (fig. 43). The male

from Obidos in the Machado collection has the

upper apical points of the superiors notably con-

verging; they are generally parallel or diverging.

The inferior appendage shows variation in its cur-

vature and in the degree of swollenness of its

basal dorsal prolongation. The tip of the inte-

rior appendage reaches to a point between two-

thirds and four-fifths of the way along the super-

iors as the base of the inferior may be more or less

hidden between the superiors and the anal tuber-

cles.

The thoracic colour pattern is variable and espe-

cially the pale antehumeral markings can consider-

ably vary in size. The males from Venezuela have

a relatively small pale antehumeral spot in the

centre of each lateral side of the thoracic dorsum.

In other specimens the pale antehumeral marking

Revision of Neuraeschna 267

occupies almost the whole lateral side of the tho-

racic dorsum.

The specimens of Newraeschna exhibit also a

typical colour-heteromorphism with regard to the

brown costal stripes. I distinguish:

Type. This is of course the form in the holotype

(fig. 66). The brown colour of the stripe is not

extended over the adjoining interspace behind R1,

between arculus and subnodus.

Var. hyalinata nov. Here the brown costal stripe

is absent or reduced to a mere diffuse brown basal

patch. Specimens pertaining to var. hyalinata seem

only to occur in the Guianas and Venezuela (fig. 67,

68).

Var. marginata nov. Specimens of this variation

have definite brown costal stripes with the brown

colour of the stripes extended over the adjoining

interspace behind R1, between arculus and subno-

dus. In the material before me the two males from

Bolivar, Venezuela and the female from Brasilia,

Brazil belong to var. marginata. The brown costal

stripes of these examples approach in develop-

ment those of N. titania spec. nov. (figs. 72, 73).

Neuraeschna producta Kimmins, 1933

(figs. 6, 18, 26, 48, 49)

Neuraeschna producta Kimmins, 1933: 226-228, figs. 1,

2 (6 app.) - 4 9 Peru; 1951: 45, 46, figs. 5-7 (¢ hw-

base & tip of app., fork of 9 10th sternite).

Material. - Brazil: State of Pará. Tapajos River (Bar-

reira), 1 g, IRSN.

One of the male paratypes (dated 25 September

1930) ex coll. Hincks in the Manchester Museum

has been carried over to the Rijksmuseum van

Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. This male has

weakly developed brown costal stripes with the

brown colour of the stripe not extended over the

interspace behind R1, between arculus and subno-

dus. The present male from Barreira, however, has

hyaline wings with well-developed brown costal

stripes, the brown of the stripe being extended

over the interspace behind R1, between arculus and

subnodus.

The female allotype is notably larger than the

males, has relatively broader wings and well-deve-

loped brown costal stripes with the brown colour

of the stripe extended over the interspace behind

R1, between arculus and subnodus. The colour

pattern of the pterothorax is lost through post

mortem discoloration. The hind margin of the

brown anterior marking on the superior surface of

the frons is strongly convex in the female allotype;

it is straight in the males. In the Selysian collection

268 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

there is an Amazonian female collected by Bates

which possibly belongs to N. producta. This fe-

male, with relatively narrower wings (hind wing

65 mm; width of hind wing at nodus 17.5 mm), has

the posterior margin of the brown anterior mark-

ing of the frons straight. Unfortunately the fork of

the tenth sternite is broken away and due to this

damage the specimen cannot well be compared

with the female allotype.

Neuraeschna calverti Kimmins, 1951

(figs. 7, 8, 19, 27, 45-47, 70, 71)

Neuraeschna calverti Kimmins, 1951: 43-46, figs. 1-4 (8

app. & hw base, fork of 9 10th sternite) - & Q Peru.

Material. - Brazil: State of Amazonas, Manaus, no date,

1 g, Vieira leg., CM. - Suriname: Distr. Suriname, Zan-

derij, 18 December 1973, 1 4, J. J. Belle, RNHL.

Two illustrations in the original description of

N. calverti are inaccurate. In the figure of the male

appendages in dorsal view (Kimmins’ fig. 1) the

dorsal prolongation of the lamina supra-analis is

not depicted while in the figure of the fork of the

tenth sternite of the female (Kimmins' fig. 4) the

subsidiary teeth are missing. The present figures

47 and 19 are improved versions of these figures.

Only three males of N. calverti are known. The

differences noticed between them and listed below

seem to me not of specific value.

(1) Peg-like projection on inner margin of su-

perior anal appendage small and very acutely

pointed in the male from Suriname (fig. 45).

(2) Inner apical projection of superior appen-

dage longer in the male from Manaus (fig. 46).

(3) Pterostigma different in size; costal edge of

pterostigma of fore wing 4.5 mm in the male holo-

type, 5.0 mm in the male from Manaus, and 5.5 mm

in the male from Suriname.

(4) Pale antehumeral marking smallest and very

similar to that of the males of N. costalis from

Venezuela in the male from Suriname (fig. 7); the

pale antehumeral marking is largest and almost

completely occupying the lateral half of the tho-

racic dorsum in the male from Manaus (fig. 8).

(5) Anterior lamina of accessory genitalia

stouter in the male from Manaus.

Neuraeschna titania spec. nov.

(figs. 9, 20, 28, 50-52, 72, 73)

Material. - Holotype: Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Jaru-

qui, 1 & (from Staudinger) in BMNH. Paratypes: Ecua-

dor: Prov. Napo, Archidona (675 m), May 1977 (at light),

1 9, Herman G. Real, CG; Prov. Pastaza, Puyo (wa-

tershed Rio Pastaza-Rio Napo, 1000 m), 21 November

1936 (at twilight), 1 ® (teneral); 28 November 1936, 1

Q (allotype); watershed Rio Arajuno-Río Napo (head-

waters, 1000 m), 29 April 1941, 1 9, all W. Clark-Macin-

tyre; Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe, Amora (700 m), 3 De-

cember 1941, 1 @ David B. Laddey, UMAA; Prov.

Pinchincha, Jaruqui, ,1 9, from Staudinger, BMNH —

Peru: Prov. Lima, vicinity of San Pedro (900 m), 26 May

1935, 1 @ (flying at dusk), Felix Woytkowski, UMAA.

Male (holotype; an aged individual; tip of right

fore wing broken away; fig. 72). - Total length 90

mm; abdomen 70 mm (incl. app. 5.5 mm); hind

wing 64 mm; costal edge of pterostigma in fore

wing 5.5 mm, in hind wing 4.5 mm.

Head. Face largely pale brownish yellow shading

to pale brown above. Superior surface of frons

anteriorly dark brown shading to pale light brown

basally, the posterior margin of the dark brown

margin strongly convex and reaching nearly to

base. Vertex black. Antennae brown. Occipital tri-

angle brown, provided with brown hairs.

Pterothorax. Dark chocolate brown, the brown

colour darkest immediately posterior to the two

greenish yellow lateral stripes. On each lateral side

of the thoracic dorsum a large, bluish green ovoid

spot prolonged below in a narrowed point at lateral

end of transverse mesepisternal ridge (fig. 9). The

two pale lateral stripes slender and about equal in

width.

Legs. Third femur brown, second femur darker

brown, first femur blackish brown with brown-

yellow inner side. Tibiae reddish brown. Knees and

tarsi darker brown.

Wings. Brown tinged with a marked brown cos-

tal stripe, the brown colour of the costal stripe

extending over adjoining interspace behind RI,

between arculus and subnodus. Venation dark

brown but costa pale brown anteriorly. Ptero-

stigma brown-yellow. Membranule extending

along hind wing margin toa point half way the first

paranal cell. Antenodals in fore wings 36-37, in

hind wings 25-30.

Abdomen. Dark brown with some indefinite

pale areas on lower part of sides of segments 1 and

2 and basal three-fourths of segment 3. Broad at

base. Segment 3 moderately constricted. Segments

4 to 9 gradually widening. Segments 7 to 9 gradu-

ally more depressed. Dorsum of segment 9 strongly

convex and densely denticulated in basal half, de-

pressed concave and not denticulated on apical half.

Anal appendages shaped as shown in figs. 51 and

52, the superiors a little shorter than segments 9

and 10 together.

Female (allotype; an aged individual; anal ap-

pendages broken away; tip of fore wings broken off

but not lost). - Total length 90 mm (excl. app.);

BELLE:

abdomen 67 mm (excl. app.); hind wing 68 mm;

greatest width of hind wing 19.5 mm; costal edge

of pterostigma in fore wing 6.4 mm, in hind wing

5.9 mm.

Similar to male holotype but abdomen slightly

constricted on segment 3, then gradually narrow-

ing to apex of segment 7. Fork of tenth sternite

continuing the line of the hind margin of the ster-

nite. Base of fork with a relatively large supple-

mentary tooth each side and well-developed minor

teeth on anterior surface (fig. 20, 28). Antenodals

in fore wings 38-39, in hind wings 27.

The male from Peru and the female from Ar-

chidona (Ecuador) are younger than the type spec-

imen. Their wings are hyaline and have definite

brown costal stripes. The male from Peru is also

the smallest male of the series (abdomen 67 mm;

hind wing 60 mm) and has a paler thoracic colour

pattern. Especially the anterior streaks of the two

pale lateral stripes are notably lighter. Like in the

males of the other species of the N. costalis group

the raised apical portion (comb) of the superior

appendages varies in height and length.

The apices of the anal appendages of the female

allotype are, like in the other females, broken away;

the remaining pieces are parallel-sided, 2 mm long

and 0.6 mm wide. The anal appendages are highly

probable antenna-shaped, like in N. costalis and N.

harpya. The fork of the tenth sternite of the female

paratype in the British Museum (Natural History)

is damaged, the right prong being broken away.

Neuraeschna maya spec. nov.

(figs. 10, 21, 25, 44, 74)

Material. — Holotype: Costa Rica: Prov. Limón, Barra

de Tortuguero, 17 July 1985, 1 & (Victor Hellebuyck) in

FSCA. Paratypes: Costa Rica: Prov. Limón, Tortuguero,

17 July 1985, 1 g; Barra de Tortuguero, 17 July 1985, 2

6, 1 (allotype); 18 July 1985, 6 6; 19 July 1985, 2 3,

all Victor Hellebuyck, CH, but 1 @ in RNHL. - Honduras:

1 9, IRSN; Puerto Cortez, 30 May 1917, 1 9, E J. Dyer,

USNM.

Male (holotype; an aged individual; head broken

off but not lost; distalia of antennae lost). - Total

length 88 mm; abdomen 67 mm (incl. app. 5.8

mm); hind wing 59 mm; costal edge of pterostigma

in fore wing 4.5 mm, in hind wing 3.5 mm.

Head. Face dull olive green. Dark anterior mark-

ing of superior surface of frons developed, its pos-

terior margin convex in middle. Base of superior

surface of frons pale light brown. Vertex black.

Scape of antenna black, pedicel yellowish brown.

Occipital triangle yellowish brown anteriorly, dark

brown posteriorly.

Revision of Neuraeschna 269

Pterothorax. Blackish brown white pale mark-

ings. On each lateral side of thoracic dorsum a

bluish-green ovoid spot which is not distinctly pro-

longed below on lateral side (fig. 10). Meso-para-

ptera (antealar sinus) largely yellow-green. Mes-

and metepimeral pale stripes rather narrow and

yellow-green.

Legs. Third femur brown, black at knees. Second

and first femora very dark brown. Tibiae brown,

tarsi and claws darker brown.

Wings. Brown tinged with faint brown costal

stripe. Venation dark brown but costae light brown

anteriorly. Pterostigma light brown. Membranule

ratherbroadandalong posterior wing margin reach-

ing to a point nearly halfway the first paranal cell.

Antenodals in fore wings 32-33, in hind wings 23.

Abdomen. Dark brown with some indefinite

paler areas on lower part of sides of segments 1 and

2 and base of segment 3. Broad on basal segments

1 and 2, constricted on segment 3, almost parallel

from apex of segment 3 to base of segment 7, than

gradually widening to apex of segment 8 and more

depressed to-segment 9. Segments 9 and 10 equal

in width. Dorsum of segment 9 strongly convex

and denticulated on basal half, depressed concave

and not denticulated on apical half. Anal appen-

dages very resembling those of N. tztanza but outer

apical angle of each superior appendage without a

sharp point. Instead there is a small tubercle on

inferior margin at the outer apical angle of the

superior appendages (fig. 44).

Female (allotype; a very aged individual; apices

of anal appendages broken away). - Total length 87

mm (excl. app.); abdomen 68 mm (excl. app.); hind

wing 65 mm; width of hind wing at nodus 18 mm;

costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing 4.9 mm, in

hind wing 3.8 mm.

Similar to male but abdomen not constricted on

segment 3 and then gradually narrowing to apex of

segment 7. Fork of sternite of tenth abdominal

segment angled caudad; anterior surface of base of

fork with two small subsidiary teeth on left side

only (fig. 21). Wings very dark brown tinged with

weakly discernible brown costal stripes. Anteno-

dals in fore wing 36, in hind wing 26.

All Costa Rican specimens are aged to very aged

individuals and due to their brown tinged wings the

brown costal stripes are not well discernible. The

two females from Honduras, however, are young

specimens (one teneral). The wings of these fe-

males are hyaline and the brown costal stripes can

well be studied (fig. 74). The brown colour of the

costal stripe is not extended over the interspace

behind R1, between arculus and subnodus.

270 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

THE N. HARPYA GROUP

Although evidently related to the members of

the N. costalis group, N. barpya is aberrant from

its members and from all other species of the genus

by the presence of a well-marked brown T-spot on

the top of the frons. With a hind wing length of

52-60 mm, N. harpya belongs to the moderately

large species of the genus.

It is classified here as a separate group: N. har-

pya Martin.

Neuraeschna harpya Martin, 1909

(figs. 11, 14, 32, 37, 38, 60-63, 69)

Neuraeschna harpya Martin, 1909: 206, fig. 211 (6 app.)

— & 2 Amazon region, Suriname; Williamson & Wil-

liamson 1930: 15 (Q Guiana); Kimmins 1933: 226,

227; 1951: 48; Geijskes 1971: (4 Q French Guiana).

Material. - Brazil: State of Para, Tapajós (53 27), 1 6,

BMNH; State of Para, Rio Xingu Camp (52° 22’ W 3°

39’ S, ca. 60 km S. of Altamira, 1 October 1986 (at dusk),

1 Q; same camp, Igarape (N. of camp, trail 4), 9 October

1986, 1 4, P. Spangler & O. Flint, USNM; same camp and

collectors, 3 October 1986, 1 4, CG. Rio Negro, 20 August

1951, 1 Q, Pe. J. Falco; Rio Uaupés (Taracua), 14 August

1964, 1 ®, CM. - French Guiana: Camopi (on light), 19

November 1969, 1 g, Balachowski & Grüner, CM. —

Guiana: Essequibo River, Rockstone, 1 February 1912, 1

Q LA. & E.B. Williamson & B. J. Rainey, UMAA. - Peru:

“Dept. Loreto, Rio Ampi Yaco, Estiron, 29 March-9 April

H. Fruhstorfer (99-103); Distr. Marowijne, Litani River

(Feti Creek), 17 August 1939, 1 9, D. C. Geijskes, BMNH.

Distr. Marowijne, Litani River (Feti Creek ), 16-22 July

1939, 2 & 5 2. Distr. Suriname: Coropina Creek, Repu-

bliek, 27 May 1951, 2 g (teneral), all D. C. Geijskes. Distr.

Nickerie, Corantijn River, Wonotobo Falls, 1 February

1956, 1 & 1 2; Kabalebo River, 26 August 1963, 1 9;

Distr. Suriname, Zanderij, Troelinde Creek (Bos Beheer),

20 July 1958, 1 9; Zanderij, Pontji Creek, Dauwdrop-

kamp, 2 September 1958, 1 4; Zanderij, Pontjibrug, 19

November 1958, 1 9, all J. Belle; Distr. Nickerie, Wilhel-

mina Mountain Range, camp at Lucie River, 21 August

1963 (6.30 p.m.), 1 6, S. Ligorie; Corantijn River, Wono-

tobo Falls, 23 July 1959, 1 Q (reared), D. C. Geijskes,

RNHL.

Lectotype designation of Newraeschna harpya

Martin, 1909. - In the Selysian collection there are

three syntypes of Newraeschna harpya, two males

and one female. The male, which bears the pin

labels “Santarem”, “149 Æ. harpya B.” and “Collec-

tion Selys Neuraeschna harpya Bates @ Revision

Martin 190 Neuraeschna harpya Bates” (partly

printed), is here designated as the lectotype of

Neuraeschna harpya Martin, 1909. To the pin of

this specimen I have added the yellow label

“LECTOTYPE Rev. J. Belle, 1988”.

The lectotype is in fairly good condition. The

costae of the fore wings are broken just proximal

to the pterostigma but restored. The pterothorax

is broken between the second and third pair of legs

but otherwise all critical details are intact and can

well be studied.

Male. - Total length 73-74 mm; abdomen 57-58

mm (incl. app. 5 mm); hind wing 52-54 mm; costal

edge of pterostigma in fore wing 3.9-4.3 mm, in

hind wing 2.8-3.0 mm.

Head. Face yellow-brown. Superior surface of

frons with dark brown to black T-spot, the area

next to the stem of the T-spot raised convex and

pale light brown. Vertex black. Antennae brown.

Occipital triangle black. Eyes in freshly killed spec-

imens green above, becoming yellowish below and

bluish along black hind border.

Pterothorax. Brown with broad pale (= light

green) stripes. Pale antehumeral markings stripe-

shaped, the upper end widened on both sides, the

lower part becoming narrower and reaching lateral

end of transverse mesepimeral ridge (fig. 11). Pale

mes- and metepimeral stripes very broad and equal

in width, each pale lateral stripe posteriorly bor-

dered by a very dark brown stripe. A small green

dorsal spot on metepisternum. Wing articulations

with green to bluish green spots.

Legs. Dark brown, the inner side of first femur

green for the basal three-fourths portion.

Wings. Clear, sometimes with a faintly deve-

loped brown costal band. Venation dark brown but

frontal margin of costa lighter. Pterostigma light

brown. Antenodals in fore wing 28-36, in hind

wing 21-25. Membranule of hind wing extending

to a point one-third the way along first paranal cell.

Abdomen. Brown, the posterior margin of each

segment almost black. Segments 1 and 2 with light

green side spots. Segment 3 to 7 with a yellowish

green lateral spot at transverse carina, the one of

segment 3 extending on basal half of segment

along ventral tergal margin. Segment 3 somewhat

constricted, slightly wider on segments 4 to 9, suc-

cessively. Segment 10 narrower, its upper surface

flat and elevated at apex. Segments 6 to 9 becoming

more depressed, successively. Anal appendages

dark brown, shaped as shown in figs. 37 and 38.

Female. - Total length 73-78 mm (excl. app.);

abdomen 57-61 mm (excl. app. 3.5 mm), hind

wing 55-60 mm; costal edge of pterostigma in fore

wing 4.6-5.0 mm, in hind wing 3.0-3.5 mm.

Coloration similar to male. Abdomen very

slightly constricted on segment 3, in dorsal view

almost parallel-sided on segment 4 to 9, narrower

on segment 10. Anal appendage antenna-like, as

BELLE:

long as segment 9, in dorsal view almost parallel-

sided, slightly tapering at apex, the apical two-

fifths portion superiorly keeled (fig. 32). Fork of

tenth sternite in profile view almost continuing the

line of posterior margin of sternite, but sometimes

slightly curved caudad. There are often no subsi-

diary teeth on the anterior surface of the base of the

fork. Antenodals in fore wing 30-36, in hind wing

21-25.

Larva (described from a larval cast-off skin of a

reared female). - Total length 38.5 mm; abdomen

26.5 mm (incl. app. 3.7 mm); greatest width of

abdomen 8 mm; width of head over the eyes 9 mm;

third femur 7.5 mm.

Larval skin clean and practically hairless. It is

light brown, almost without colour pattern but

there are conspicuous dark markings on the

femora.

Head. Flat above. Eyes very prominent. Poste-

rior portion of occiput produced laterally with tap-

ering sides. Antennae 7-jointed, the first two basal

segments short and rounded, the third segment

longest and the fourth segment shortest (fig. 62).

Labium brown, its basal hinge reaching to third

coxae. Front margin of mentum with a pair of

rather long spines, each spine slightly curved out-

ward and located in the middle of the part between

the small median cleft and the base of the lateral

lobe. End hook of lateral lobe terminating in a

strong acute spine, its inner border nearly semicir-

cular. Movable hook strong, two and a half times

as long as outer border of lateral lobe (fig. 61).

Prothorax. Flat above. Dorsal disc with promi-

nent rounded lateral margins. Supracoxal armature

with the first proces conical and twice as small as

the second one.

Synthorax. Without knobs. Tips of wing-cases

reaching to well upon segment 4.

Legs. Femora flattened, distal third black, prox-

imal two-thirds of inner and outer surface with a

row of small black roundish spots. Claws simple.

Abdomen. Base of segment 7 with a middorsal

pair of black dashes. Widest on segments 6 and 7.

No dorsal hooks. Lateral spines on segments 5 to

10, the ones on segment 5 minute but distinct, the

ones on segments 8 and 9 largest, the ones on

segment 10 small. Inferior anal appendages

slightly shorter than segments 9 and 10 together,

the superiors about two-thirds as long as inferiors,

the middorsal appendage a trifle shorter than in-

feriors (fig. 63). Gonapophyses reaching backward

to well beyond segment 9.

The larva of Nezraeschna harpya was found in

Revision of Neuraeschna ZI

a small bush creek near the Wonotobo Falls by Dr.

D. C. Geijskes. It was in the transformation period

climbing up a grass stem at 9 a.m. After it was

taken to the camp at the Wonotobo Falls, the imago

appeared in the following night (Dr. Geijskes

1959, personal communication).

THE N. MAXIMA GROUP

N. maxima is characterized in both sexes by the

strongly constricted abdomen on the third seg-

ment, and in the male sex by the very long, slender

and forcipate superior anal appendages. Otherwise

the species agrees with the characters of the N.

costalis group.

Species of the N. maxima group: N. maxima

spec. nov.

Neuraeschna maxima spec. nov.

(figs. 12, 57-59, 75)

Material. - Holotype: Brazil; State of Parà, Belem, Val-

de-Can airport (5.30 a.m.), 11 September 1963, 1 @ (B.

Malkin) in RNHL. Paratypes: Brazil: State of Pará, Be-

lem (Utinga Forest), 10 October 1954, 1 8 1 9 (allotype),

both Inacio, CM; Belem, December 1954, 1 &, ex coll.

Agriculture Station (D. C. Geijskes).

Male (holotype) - Total length 100 mm; abdo-

men 78 mm (incl. app. 9 mm); hind wing 67 mm;

costal edge of pterostigma in fore wing 6 mm, in

hind wing 4.5 mm.

Head. Face brown but anteclypeus darker and

vertical part of frons blackish brown. Superior sur-

face of frons blackish brown on anterior half, pale

brown on basal half. Vertex black-brown. Scape of

antenna black, the pedicel and distalia brown. Oc-

cipital triangle brown-yellow.

Pterothorax. Dark colour brown. On each lateral

side of dorsum a large ovoid bluish green spot

prolonged below in a narrow point at lateral end

of transverse mesepisternal ridge (fig. 12). Mes-

and metepimeral pale stripes greenish yellow, the

area anterior to each pale lateral stripe lighter

brown and the area posterior to each pale lateral

stripe very dark brown.

Legs. Femora dark brown. Second and third ti-

biae red-brown, first tibia dark red-brown. Tarsi

and claws blackish brown.

Wings. Hyaline with a distinct brown costal

stripe extending from base to pterostigma, the

brown colour of the costal stripe extending over

adjoining interspace behind R1, between arculus

and subnodus. Pterostigma, light yellow. Anteno-

dals in fore wings 39, in hind wings 28-30.

Abdomen. Swollen on segments 1 and 2,

272 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

strongly constricted on segment 3, then gradually

widening to apex of segment 10. Convex basal half

of segment 9 nearly devoid of denticles. Anal ap-

pendages shaped as shown in figs. 57 and 58. Dor-

sal prolongation of base of inferior appendage

moderately developed, not rising above superior

appendages and not discernible in dorsal view of

abdomen.

Female (allotype; much broken but details well-

preserved; apices of anal appendages broken

away). - Total length 97 mm (excl. app.); abdomen

75 mm (excl. app.); hind wing 70 mm; width of

hind wing at nodus 18 mm; costal edge of ptero-

stigma in fore wing 6.0 mm, in hind wing 4.8 mm.

Very similar to male regarding stature and col-

oration. Wings also very similar to those of holo-

type. Antenodals in fore wings 33-44, in hind

wings 30-31. Fork of sternite of abdominal seg-

ment 10 shaped as in N. costalis. Anterior surface

of base of fork with three (left side) and four (right

side) small subsidiary teeth.

THE N. MAYORUNA GROUP

The unique specimen of N. mayoruna is a female

which agrees with the characters of the N. costalis

group except for point (2). N. mayoruna has no

basal costal cross-veins, only basal subcostal cross-

veins. In this respect it agrees with the members

of the N. dentigera group and N. claviforcipata

group. Further the female is distinguished from all

other species of the genus in having the fork of the

sternite of the tenth abdominal segment distinctly

rising before the posterior side of the sternite (fig.

22).

Species of the N. mayoruna group: N. mayoruna

spec. nov.

Neuraeschna mayoruna spec. nov.

(Lie seno 223920)

Material. - Holotype: Peru: Dept. Loreto, Mishquiyacu

(15 km from Iquitos), 29 July 1931, 1 Q (from Paul Nagel)

in UMAA.

Female (holotype; apices of anal appendages

broken away; wings slightly damaged). — Total

length 85 mm (excl. app.); abdomen 65 mm (excl.

app.); hind wing 61 mm; width of hind wing at

nodus 17.5 mm; costal edge of pterostigma in fore

wing 4.7 mm, in hind wing 3.5 mm.

Head. Face reddish brown-yellow. Superior sur-

face of frons dark brown on anterior half, pale

brown on basal half (fig. 13). Vertex black. Anten-

nae with black scapes, the pedicels and distalia

brown. Occipital triangle black.

Pterothorax. Obscured through post mortem

discolouration but there is something like a pale

stripe discernible on mes- and metepimeron.

Legs. Femora reddish brown. Dark brown at

knees, on tibiae, tarsi and claws.

Wings. Brown tinged with a distinct brown cos-

tal stripe extending from base to pterostigma; the

brown colour of the stripe faintly developed in

adjoining interspace behind R1, between arculus

and subnodus. Pterostigma yellow. Antenodals in

fore wing 41-45, in hind wing 32-33. Wings with

only a single basal subcostal cross-vein. Area be-

tween Cul and Cu2 with two rows of cells for its

proximal one-fourth portion (in left hind wing

with an extra third cell) followed by one row of

cells; Cu2 sagged out on this proximal one-fourth

portion.

Abdomen. Very dark brown, moderately swollen

on segments | and 2, not constricted on segment

3, then gradually narrowing to apex of segment 7.

Fork of sternite of tenth segment shaped as shown

in figs. 22 and 29; anterior surface of base of fork

with a subsidiary tooth on each side.

Neuraeschna spec. indet.

(figs. 15, 23, 30)

Material. — Brazil: State of Santa Catarina, Joinville, 1

Q, Staudinger & Bang-Haas vend., BMNH (ex coll. Cow-

ley, No. 9994).

Female (frons above transversely crushed; api-

ces of anal appendages broken away; wings slightly

damaged). — Total length 86.5 mm (excl. app.);

abdomen 66.5 mm (excl. app.); hind wing 66 mm;

width of hind wing at nodus 18.5 mm; costal edge

of pterostigma in fore wing 6.3 mm; in hind wing

5.0 mm.

Head. Face brown-yellow. Superior surface of

frons predominantly pale brown, the central por-

tion becoming darker brown, the anterior border

broadly brown-yellow (fig. 15). Vertex laterally

brown-yellow, in middle darker brown. Scape of

antenna dark brown, pedicel brown-yellow, distalia

brown.

Pterothorax. Due to post mortem discoloration

there are no pale markings discernible on the dor-

sum. Posterior half of mes- and metepimeron

blackish brown; each of these dark streaks preceded

by brown areas (the usual pale lateral stripes being

apparently discoloured).

Legs. Femora brown, dark brown at knees. Se-

cond and third tibiae red-brown. Tarsi, claws and

first tibia dark to very dark red-brown.

Wings. Hyaline proximal to nodus, brown

BELLE:

tinged distal to nodus. There are distinct brown

costal stripes extending from base to pterostigma,

the brown colour of the stripe not extending over

adjoining interspace behind R1, between arculus

and subnodus. Pterostigma yellow. Antenodals in

fore wings 36-37, in hindwings 24-26.

Abdomen: Dark brown. Moderately swollen on

segments 1 and 2, then gradually narrowing to

apex of segment 7. Fork of tenth sternite shaped

as shown in figs. 23 and 30; anterior surface of base

of fork with six small subsidiary teeth.

This female is the only specimen of Newr-

aeschna reported from the subtropical region. It

highly probable belongs to a member of the N.

costalis group. Though very closely allied with N.

costalis it seems to be inconspecific with it unless

the subtropical representatives of this species have

a paler frons and larger proportions. By the ab-

sence of sufficient clear distinguishing characters I

have refrained from giving it a name.

THE STATUS OF NEURAESCHNA ROSTRIFERA

MARTIN

In his monograph of 1909 (pag. 208, 209; fig.

214), Martin described Newraeschna rostrifera on

the basis of a unique male from Suriname. The late

lamented Dr. D. C. Geijskes, who was most inter-

ested in the odonate fauna of Suriname, located and

studied (June 1966) the male holotype of

Neuraeschna rostrifera in René Martin's collec-

tion. On his return from Paris he communicated

me that the type fell beyond the limits of the genus

Neuraeschna simply because the subcosta was not

prolonged through and after the nodus.

In my opinion the holotype of N. rostrifera is no

more than a variation of Heliaeschna simplicia

(Karsch) syn. nov., an Old World species described

and figured in Martin's same monograph (pag.

160, 161; fig. 161). The reference to the locality

“Surinam” on the pin label of the holotype of N.

rostrifera may be an error pro Sumatra, an island

where H. simplicia occurs (cf. Lieftinck, 1954: 104,

105).

Revision of Neuraeschna 273

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Societas Internationalis Odonatologica (Supple-

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Erichson, W. F, 1848. Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den

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J.J. Weber, Leipzig (Libellulinae: 583-586).

Geijskes, D. C., 1971. List of Odonata known from French

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by the mission of the “Muséum National d'Histoire

Naturelle”, Paris, (1) (2). - Annales de la Société

Entomologique de France (N.S.) 7 (3): 655-677.

Hagen, H. A. 1867. Notizen beim Studium von Brauer’s

Novara-Neuropteren. - Verhandlungen der Zoolo-

gisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 17: 31-62 (1-

32 sept.).

Kimmins, D. E., 1933. A new species of Neuraeschna

(Odonata). - The Entomologist 66: 226-228.

Kimmins, D. E., 1951. Two new South American Aesh-

nidae (Odonata). - Entomological News 62: 43-48.

Kirby, W. F., 1890. A synonymic catalogue of Neuroptera

Odonata, or dragonflies. With an appendix of fossil

species. - Gurney & Jackson, London: IX + 202 pp.

Lieftinck, M. A., 1954. Handlist of Malaysian Odonata. A

catalogue of the dragonflies of the Malay Peninsula,

Sumatra, Java and Borneo, including the adjacent

small islands. - Treubia 22, Supplement: i-xiii, 1-202,

map.

Martin, R., 1908-1909. Aeschnines. - Collections Zoolo-

giques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps. Cata-

logue systématique et descriptif. Fasc. 18-20. Hayez,

Bruxelles. 223 pp.

Racenis, J., 1970. Los Odonatos de la region del Auyan-

tepui y de la Sierra de Lema, en la Guayana Venezo-

lana. 2. Las familias Gomphidae, Aeshnidae y Cordu-

liidae. - Acta Biologica Venezuelica 7 (1): 23-39.

Selys Longchamps, E. de, 1883. Synopsis des Aeschnines.

Premiere partie: Classification. — Bulletin de l'Acadé-

mie Royale de Belgique (3) 5: 712-748 (3-40 sep.).

Williamson, E. B. & J. H., 1930. Two new Neotropical

Aeshnines (Odonata). - Occasional papers, Museum

of Zoology, University of Michigan 218: 1-15, pl. 1.

Received: 1 August 1989

Accepted: 30 August 1989

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 1-12. Diagram of colour pattern of left lateral side of thoracic dorsum of males in Neuraeschna: 1, dentigera

lectotype); 2, cornuta (holotype); 3, claviforcipata (lectotype); 4, claviforcipata (Venezuela); 5, costalis (Surinam);

6, producta (paratype); 7, calverti (Surinam); 8, calverti (Brazil); 9, titania (paratype, Peru); 10 maya (holotype); 11,

arpya (lectotype); 12, maxima (holotype).

13-15. Colour pattern of superior surface of frons in Neuraeschna: 13, mayoruna (holotype); 14 harpya (8

ıriname); 15 spec. indet.

BELLE: Revision of Neuraeschna 275

dok 50}

Fig. 16-23. Left profile view of ventral process on abdominal segment 10 of female in Newraeschna: 16, claviforcipata

(Ecuador); 17, costalis (Brazil); 18, producta (paratype); 19, calverti (allotype); 20, titania (allotype); 21, maya

(allotype); 22, mayoruna (holotype); 23, spec. indet.

Figs. 24-30. view of ventral process on abdominal segment 10 of female in Neuraeschna: 24, costalis (Brazil); 25, maya

(allotype); 26, producta (paratype); 27, calverti (allotype); 28, titania (allotype); 29, mayoruna (holotype); 30, spec.

indet.

Figs. 31-33. Dorsal view of left anal appendage of female in Newraeschna: 31, costalis (Suriname); 32, harpya

(Surinam); 33, claviforcipata (Ecuador. Basal one-tenth portion of distorted appendage not depicted).

Fig. 34. Left profile view of lamina supra-analis (inferior appendages) of male in Newraeschna costalis (Brazil).

276 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 35-42. Improved versions of figs. 210-213 in Martin, 1909. Neuraeschna costalis, 6: 35, tenth abdominal segment

and anal appendages, dorsal; 36, the same, left profile. Newraeschna harpya, 6: 37, tenth abdominal segment and anal

appendages, dorsal; 38, the same, left profile. Neuraeschna claviforcipata, &: 39, tenth abdominal segment and anal

appendages, dorsal; 40, the same, left profile. Newraeschna dentigera, 8: 41, tenth abdominal segment and anal

appendages, dorsal; 42, the same, left profile.

Fig. 43. Newraeschna costalis, 6. Apex of left superior appendage, left profile (BMNH).

Figs. 44-46. Dorsal view of apex of left superior appendage of male in Nezraeschna: 44, maya (holotype); 45, calverti

(Suriname); 46, calverti (Brazil).

BELLE: Revision of Neuraeschna Pi

Fig. 47. Neuraeschna calverti, &. Anal appendages, dorsal (improved version of fig. 1 in Kimmins, 1951). Figs. 48,

49. Neuraeschna producta, & (after Kimmins, 1933): 48, tenth abdominal segment and anal appendages, dorsal; 49,

the same, left profile.

Figs. 50-52. Neuraeschna titania, 6 holotype: 50, accessory genitalia, ventral; 51, apical segments of abdomen with

anal appendages, dorsal; 52, the same, left profile. Figs. 53, 54. Neuraeschna mina, & holotype (after Williamson &

Williamson, 1930): 53, anal appendages, dorsal; 54, tenth abdominal segment and anal appendagesin left profile. Figs.

55, 56. Newraeschna cornuta, 8 holotype: 55, tenth abdominal segment and anal appendages, dorsal; 56, the same,

left profile.

278 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 57-59. Neuraeschna maxima: 57, tenth abdominal segment and anal appendages of @ paratype, dorsal; 58, the

same, left profile; 59, basal segments of abdomen of 9 allotype, ventral.

Figs. 60-63. Neuraeschna harpya, 2 exuviae: 60, head, dorsal; 61, mentum, ventral; 62, right antenna, dorsal; 63, apical

segments of abdomen with anal appendages, left profile.

BELLE: Revision of Neuraeschna 279)

Figs. 64-65.—64, Neuraeschna dentigera Martin, @ syntype; 65, Newraeschna claviforcipata Martin, 9 Suriname.

280 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 66-67 —66, Newraeschna costalis (Burmeister), 9 holotype; 67, Neuraeschna costalis (Burmeister), var. hyalinata

nov., 2 Suriname.

BELLE: Revision of Neuraeschna 281

Figs. 68-69.—68, Neuraeschna costalis (Burmeister), var hyalinata nov, 8 Suriname; 69, Neuraeschna harpya Martin,

& Suriname.

282 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 70-71.—70, Neuraeschna calverti Kimmins, & holotype; 71, Newraeschna calverti Kimmins, 9 allotype.

BELLE: Revision of Neuraeschna

Figs. 72-73.—72, Neuraeschna titania spec. nov., & holotype; 73, Neuraeschna titania spec. nov., Q

same locality as holotype.

paratype from

284 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 74-75.—74, Neuraeschna maya spec. nov., Q paratype, Honduras (IRSN); 75, Newraeschna maxima spec. nov.,

6 paratype (RNHL).

A NEW SAPRINUS FROM IRIAN JAYA (COLEOPTERA:

HISTERIDAE)

P. KANAAR

ABSTRACT

Kanaar, P., 1989. A new Saprinus from Irian Jaya (Coleoptera, Histeridae). — Tijdschrift

voor Entomologie 132: 285-287, figs. 1-5 [ISSN 0040—7496]. Published 1 December 1989.

Saprinus grandiclava sp.n. is described from Irian Jaya. It belongs to the primitive group

of Australian and Pacific Saprinus-species with non-fused paramera.

Key words. — Histeridae, new species, Irian Jaya, Oriental region.

P. Kanaar, Irenestraat 8, 2351 GL Leiderdorp, The Netherlands

INTRODUCTION

In 1973 the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His-

torie in Leiden obtained the beetle collection of

the late P. H. van Doesburg Sr. This collection

contains predominantly beetles collected in the

former Dutch East Indies. Among the unidentified

Histeridae in this collection I found some spec-

imens of a new Saprinus-species from Hollandia

in the former Dutch New Guinea (present name:

Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia). The description

is as follows:

Saprinus grandiclava sp.n.

(figs. 1—5)

Description

Body outline (fig. 1) broadly oval, moderately

convex. Length of body (head, propygidium and

pygidium excluded): 4.0 mm., width of body: 3.3

mm. Colour brownish black, shiny; vertex and e-

lytra metallic blue, pronotum with cupreous me-

tallic lustre.

Head: Mandibulae regularly bent, convex, punc-

tured, tip sharply pointed. Labrum transverse,

emarginate. Clypeus continuous with front, hardly

convex, finely punctate. Front flat, moderately and

scarcely punctate. Frontal stria interrupted, con-

tinuous with supraorbicular striae. Eyes reniform,

of normal size and prominence. Antennae: Seg-

ment 1 clubshaped, bent, with 3 setae and fine

microsculpture of parallel lines; segment 2 about

as long as wide, segment 3 longer than wide, seg-

ments 4-7 transverse. Antennal clubs very large,

285

transverse reniform, entirely pubescent, their grea-

test (transverse) length 0.65 X the distance be-

tween the eyes on the vertex; no sutures visible

by pubescence, undersides with a large reniform,

flaccid impression; no sensorial plaques or pits

visible.

Pronotum: Two times wider than long in me-

dian line; base bisinuate, lateral sides moderately

convergent, near apex bent interiorly, anterolateral

angles blunt, emargination for the head moderately

deep. Marginal stria complete, though very fine

behind head. Foveolae behind eyes well-developed;

disk punctulate, along both sides a band of coarse

punctures, slightly impressed at apical onethird.

Coarse punctures along base; epipleura not fim-

briate. Scutellum triangular.

Elytra: Together 1.3 times wider than long, disk

and lateral sides punctulate, apical half moderately

punctate, punctation reaching humeral bosses in

interstria 1, and slightly entering interstriae 2-

4. Punctation towards apex smaller and denser,

reaching apical stria. Humeral bosses prominent.

Sides moderately convergent posteriorly, straight,

near the apex bent interiorly, apex of each elytron

roundedly truncate. Marginal epipleural stria dis-

tinct, ending shortly before posterolateral angle.

Marginal elytral stria distinct, continuous with

complete apical stria. Outer subhumeral stria short,

basal. Inner subhumeral stria medial, punctate,

reaching a little beyond dorsal stria 1, continuous

with distinct oblique humeral stria. Four dorsal

striae, punctate, ending a little beyond elytral mid-

286 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Figs. 1—5: Saprinus grandiclava nov.spec. 1: Body outline. 2: Pro- and mesosternum. 3: Aedeagus, right lateral view.

4: Aedeagus, dorsal view. 5: Eight sternite, ventral view. Scale lines: Left 1 mm. (figs. 1, 2), right 0.5 mm. (figs. 3—5).

dle, striae 1 and 3 a little longer than striae 2 and

4. Stria 4 connected in an arch with complete sutural

stria, these continuous with apical stria. Interstrial

distance 2 wider than interstrial distances 1 and 3.

Longitudinal strioles near base of stria 1 and 2.

Propygidium: Short, moderately punctate with

few punctules intermixed, finely microsculptured

between punctures; faint impressions laterally.

Pygidium: Punctured and microsculptured as

propygidium, punctures near apex smaller.

Prosternum (fig. 2): Internal prosternal striae

convergent between procoxae, next slightly diver-

gent anteriorly, then bent with blunt angles and

slightly convergent, at the apex united in a short

transverse arch. These striae gradually deeper an-

teriorly, sulciform, giving margins of prosternal

keel a convex ridgelike appearance. Prosternal keel

between striae slightly convex, minutely punculate.

No true lateral prosternal striae, these replaced by

descending ridges, which are deeply delimited be-

hind, and fuse with margins of prosternal keel at

position of the blunt angles. Antennal grooves

large and deep, encroaching upon prosternal keel,

prosteriorly delimited by the descending lateral

prosternal ridges, anteriorly not delimited by a

ridge. Grooves for the antennal funicles wide and

deep.

Mesosternum (fig. 2): Fine marginal stria com-

plete; anterior part finely punctate, posterior part

with coarse punctures, meso-metasternal suture

barely visible, straight, laterally obsolete.

Metasternum: Disk finely punctulate, before

posterior margin and along oblique lateral striae

with coarser punctures. Slightly impressed along

median line, especially anteriorly and posteriorly;

median line ending a little before hind margin.

Oblique lateral metasternal striae ending amply

before hind coxae, slightly sulciform anteriorly.

Abdomen: First visible abdominal sternite with

coarse punctures along anterior margin, smaller

punctures laterally and behind, disc finely punctu-

late. Oblique postcoxal striae ending a little before

hindmargin. Other sternites moderately punctate.

Legs: Protibiae with six teeth at outer margin, 4

additional minute denticles proximally, and 4 small

apical teeth. Meso- and metatibiae spinulate at su-

perior edge. Tarsae fimbriate inferiorly.

Genitalia: Aedeagus (figs. 3, 4): Slightly curved,

parameres not fused with penis, their tips round-

edly truncate. Eighth sternite: fig. 5.

KANAAR:

Holotype: “HOLLANDIA / NW. GUINEA / P. H. V.

DOESBURG”; "Museum Leiden / collectie / Van Does-

burg / rec. 1973”; red label: "Holotype @ / Saprinus /

grandiclava / P. Kanaar des. 1989”.

Holotype missing right mesotarsus, and 3 distal lids of

left mesotarsus and right metatarsus respectively. The

alae are stretched out. Allotype: Same data as holotype,

length: 4.3 mm. Width: 3.6 mm. Metasternum without

impression. Vaginal palpes deeply triangularly emargi-

nate at apex, styli long. Paratypes: 1 male, 2 females, same

data as holotype.

Variability: The divergency of the prosternal

striae varies a little; in one of the female paratypes

the striae are parallel, the blunt angles barely indi-

cated.

Holotype, allotype and one paratype in the col-

lection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His-

torie in Leiden, two paratypes in the author's pri-

vate collection, which has been legated to the same

museum.

DISCUSSION

According to P. H. van Doesburg Jr. his father

has never been in Dutch New Guinea himself (per-

sonal communication). The beetles from Hollandia

and surroundings were collected on his request and

sent to him by one of his friends, Mr. W. Stüber.

Nothing is known about the date of the capture or

the circumstances under which the beetles were

found. Details concerning the collecting-activities

of Mr. Stüber are given by Lieftinck (1932).

The new species belongs to a group of Australian

and Pacific species, in which the paramera are not

fused with the penis. This is considered to be a

primitive feature (Dahlgren 1971). The absence of

sensorial plaques or pits on the antennal clubs

might be a primitive character too. Saprinus gran-

diclava differs among other things from all other

New Saprinus 287

members of this group by the different form of the

paramera and 8th sternites, which were pictured by

Dahlgren (1962, 1968, 1971). The antennal clubs

are unusually big; in the other members of this

group the clubs are of normal proportions in

Saprinus pseudocyaneus White, S. australis Boisdu-

val (syn.: S. tasmanicus Marseul) and S. detritus

Fabricius (syn. S. antipodus Dahlgren); in the de-

scriptions of the other species of the group, not

known to me (S. amethystinus Lewis and S. tyrrhe-

nus Blackburn), nothing is said about the dimen-

sion of the clubs, apparently being of normal pro-

portions.

Note: The name of the species is based on the

strikingly big antennal clubs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank Mr. J. Krikken for the opportunity to

study and describe the species, and for critically

reading the manuscript.

REFERENCES

Dahlgren, G., 1962. Über einige Saprinus-Arten (Col.

Histeridae). - Opuscula Entomologica 27: 237—248.

Dahlgren, G., 1968. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Gattung

Saprinus (Col. Histeridae) III. - Entomologisk Tidsk-

rift 89: 255—268.

Dahlgren, G., 1971. Zur Taxonomie der Gattungen Sapri-

nus, Hypocaccus und Zorius (Col. Histeridae). - En-

tomologisk Tidskrift 92: 43—53.

Lieftinck, M. A., 1932. The Dragonflies (Odonata) of

New Guinea and neighbouring Islands. - Nova Gui-

nea 15: 485-602.

Received: 31 March 1989

Accepted: 17 July 1989

288 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

RECTIFICATION

The editors regret that the following table was accidentally omitted in the previous issue from: Th.

G. H. Platel, The egg laying and larval development of Pholcus phalangioides (Fuessling) (Araneae:

Pholcidae), Volume 132: 135-147.

Table 4. Characteristics of the first post-embryonic stages with Pholcus phalangiotdes. A comparison of

the terminology of Vachon (1957) and Canard (1984, personal statement 1985).

Postembryonic development

Embryonic

ÿ Larval period nympho-imaginal period

A | Development

5 prelarva (PL) prenymph (PN) first nymph (NI)

N hatching

moult

Shedding of

the egg-

Reversion Breaking of Breaking of membranes

the eggmem- che first

branes integument

= (chorion +

ayıng vitellina ;

membrane) Shedding of

the first

integument

hatching

moult 1

Pullus Projuvenile Juvenile

C Incomplete spiderling 1 (Jil) Complete spiderling (J2)

N Embryonic

È Juvenile period

development

Postembryonic development

WEAR ET Vy RO

RARA 0 a i PRI

1 it ar 4

f Pi

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Sf a

f i À

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2 il UV

i i sf.

Ù ‘i

Wi 3

4 94

zZ %

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da Ü

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u ti

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

MC7

IS GRAR Y

SEP 07

Een sterretje duidt een naam aan die nieuw is voor de wetenschap; cursieve paginanummers

verwijzen naar de beschrijvingen van nieuwe taxa.

An asterisk denotes a name new to science; numbers in italics refer to descriptions of new taxa.

ARANEAE

phalangioides, Pholcus 288

COLEOPTERA

amethystnus, Saprinus 287

antipodus, Saprinus 287

assimile, Agonum 244, 245

australis, Saprinus 287

biguttatus, Notiophilus 244, 245,

brevicollis, Nebria 244, 245

brunnea, Amara 244, 245, 248

Calyce 107

caraboides, Cychrus 244, 245

chinensis, Callosobruchus 154

coriaceus, Carabus 244, 245, 247,

[248

cristatus, Pterostichus 244, 245,

[248

detritus, Saprinus 287

gemellata, Mordellistena 105,

[106

granarius, Sitophilus 154

*grandiclava, Saprinus 285-287

Guineapolemius 129

*hammondi, Polemiosilis 130, 131

*leveyi, Mordellistena 105, 106

lindbergi, Mordellistena 106

madidus, Pterostichus 248

micropterus, Calathus 244, 245

Mordellistena 105

*nagaii, Polemiosilis 130, 133

*nanggalaensis, Polemiosilis 130,

[133

nemoralis, Carabus, 244, 245, 248

nitens, Trichotichnus 244, 245,

[248

oblongopunctatus, Pterostichus

1244, 245, 247

obscuricolor, Polemiosilis 131

parallelepipedus, Abax 244, 245,

1247, 248

parallelus, Abax 244, 245

placidus, Trichocellus 244,

Polemiosilis 129

problematicus, Carabus 244, 245,

[247, 248

pseudocyaneus, Saprinus 287

pumicatus, Stomis 244, 245

quadripunctatus, Harpalus 244,

[245, 248

rotundicollis, Calathus 244, 245,

[248

*rubidiceps, Polemiosilis 130,

[131-134

rufipes, Notiophilus 244, 245,

[248

rufomarginatus, Leistus 244, 245

rufosuta, Polemiosilis 129,

[131-133

rufosuta saleierensis,

| Polemiosilis 129, 132

saleierensis, Polemiosilis 129, 132

Saprinus 285

*simplex, Polemiosilis 129, 130

Sitophilus 154

spinibarbis, Leistus 244, 245, 248

*sumatrensis, Calyce 105, 106, 107

tasmanicus, Saprinus 287

testaceobasalis, Guineapolemius

[129, 134

testaceobasalis, Polemiosilis 129,

[134

tolianus, Guineapolemius 129,

[134

tyrrhenus, Saprinus 287

vernalis, Pterostichus 248

violaceus, Carabus 244, 245, 247,

[248

DIPTERA

Calliphora 154

domestica, Musca 154

Drosophila 152, 154

lucens, Lipara 154

melanogaster, Drosophila 152

Semudobia 154

Zaprionius 152

HETEROPTERA

abietis, Eremocoris 4, 28

abietis, Gastrodes 4

abietum, Gastrodes 4, 28

abutilon abutilon, Stictopleuris 32,

[81, 82

Acalypta 11

Acanthia 3

Acanthosoma 34

Acetropis 21

Acompocoris 23

Acompus 28

acuminata, Aelia 33

acuteangulatus, Gonocerus 30, 80,

[81

Adelphocoris 20

adenocarpi, Orthotylus 18

adspersus, Lygus 1, 2, 19, 56

Aelia 33

Aellopus 29

aeneus, Eusarcoris 5

aeneus, Eysarcoris 5, 33

aequale, Camptozygum 3, 20

aestivalis, Aphelocheirus 2, 9, 37,

[38

aestivalis, A phelochirus 2

Aethus 32

affinus, Calocaris 20, 61

affinis, Corixa 8

affinis, Scolopostethus 28

agilis, Dicranocephalus 30, 79

Agnocoris 20

Agramma 12

albicinctus, Psallus 15

albidus, Amblytylus 14

albipennis, Plagiognathus 15

alboacuminatus, Aphanus 4

alboacuminatus, Raglius 4, 29, 78

albolineatus, Cremnocephalus 16,

[53

albomaculatus, Melanocoryphus

[88

albomarginatus, Gnatoconus 5

alienus, Isometopus 65

290

Alloeotomus 13

alnicola, Psallus 3, 49

alpestris, Cremnocephalus 2

alpinus, Acompocoris 23, 69, 70

alpinus, Plagiognathus 15, 50, 51

Alydus 31

ambiguus, Psallus 15

Amblytylus 14

ambulans, Mecomma 19, 55, 56

ampliasta, Tingis 12

amplicollis, Anthocoris 23, 68, 88

Anaptus 22, 67

Aneurus 25

angulatus, Blepharidopterus 18,

[55

angusticollis, Peritrechus 29, 78

angustulus, Ischnocoris 28

annulatus, Dicyphus 17

annulatus, Harpactor 73

annulatus, Rhynocoris 4, 25, 71,

[73

annulicorne, Campylomma 3, 16,

51,32

annulicornis, Campylomma 3

annulipes, Deraeocoris 13, 44, 45

antennatus, Megalonotus 29, 78

antennatus, Rhyparochromus 78

antennatus, Teratocoris 22

Anthocoris 23

Aphanus 4, 30

Aphelocheirus 9

apterus, Halticus 17

apterus, Himacerus 4, 22

apterus, Nabis 4

apterus, Pyrrhocoris 30

Aptus 22, 67

Aquarius 2, 10

Aradus 25

arbustorum, Plagiognathus 15

Arctocorisa 2, 8

arenarius, Trapezonotus 30

arenicola, Saldula 11, 40

Arenocoris 31

argentatus, Gerris 10

Arma 34

Asciodema 16

asper, Gerris 2, 39

assimilis, Psallus 15, 49, 87

ater, Capsus 21

ater, Dufouriellus 4, 24

ater, Geocoris 27, 75, 87

ater, Xylocoris 4

aterrimus, Brachypelta 5

aterrimus, Cydnus 5, 32, 83

atomarius, Pinalitus 19, 57

Atractotomus 15

atrata, Microtoma 4

atratus, Aellopus 4, 29, 78

aurescens, Cymus 4, 27, 75

austriaca, Eurygaster 32, 83, 84

avenius, Aneurus 25, 74

baccarum, Dolycoris 33

baerensprungi, Empicoris 24, 72

basalis, Orthops 19, 57, 58

Bathysolen 31

beckeri, Megacoelum 20, 61

Beosus 29

Berytinus 4, 26

Berytus 4

betuleti, Psallus 15

biclavatus, Calocoris 20, 61

bicolor, Sehirus 32

bicuspis, Tetraphleps 23, 69

bidens, Picromerus 34

bidentata, Pygolampis 25, 73

biguttatus, Sehirus 32

bilineatum, Neomecomma 3, 18

bilineatus, Orthotylus 3

binotatus, Stenotus 21

bipunctata, Loricula 13

Blepharidopterus 18

bohemani, Microsynamma 3

bohemanni, Monosynamma 3, 16,

[52

bonsdorffi, Cymatia 2

bonsdorffii, Cymatia 2, 7

boops, Nabis 4

boops, Stalia 4, 22, 66, 67

Bothynotus 13

Brachyarthrum 14

Brachysteles 24

bevicollis, Amblytylus 1, 14, 47

brevipennis, Plinthisus 28

brevis, Nabis 23, 66, 67

brunneeus, Drymus 28

Bryocoris 13

buenoi, Microvelia 10, 38, 39

butleri, Anthocoris 23, 68

caelestialium, Trigonotylus 1, 2,

[22, 64, 65, 86

caerulea, Zicrona 34

c-album, Saldula 11, 40

calcarata, Stenodema 4, 21

calcaratum, Stenodema 4

calcaratus, Alydus 31

Callicorixa 8

Calocoris 20

campestris, Lyctocoris 4, 24

campestris, Orthops 19

Camptobrochis 3

Camptozygum 20

Campylomma 16

Campyloneura 17

Campylosteira 11

capitatum, Piesma 1

caprai, Velia 2, 10

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Capsodes 4, 21

Capsus 21, 62

capucina, Lasiacantha 12, 43

Cardiastethus 24

cardui, Tingis 12

caricis, Cyrtorhinus 3, 18, 56

caricis, Cyrtorrhinus 3

carinata, Acalypta 11

carinata, Acetropis 21

Carpocoris 33

castanea, Hesperocorixa 8

Catoplatus 12

cavifrons, Glaenocorisa 2

Ceraleptus 31

Ceratocombus 7

cervinus, Pinalitus 19, 57

Charagochilus 20

Chartoscirta 11

Chilacis 27

Chiloxanthus 10

chiragra, Megalonotus 29

Chlamydatus 15

chlorizans, Malacocoris 17

Chlorochroa 33, 85

Chorosoma 31

chrysanthemi, Plagiognathus 15

ciliata, Monanthia 43

Cimex 24

cimicoides, Ilyocoris 2, 8

cimicoides, Naucoris 2

cincta, Chartoscirta 11

cinerea, Nepa 7

cinnamomeus, Aradus 25

cinnamopterus, Pilophorus 17

clavatus, Pilophorus 17

claviculus, Cymus 27

clavipes, Berytinus 26, 88

coccinea, Pseudoloxops 3

coccineus, Pseudoloxops 3, 18

cocksii, Chartoscirta 11

coleoptrata, Cymatia 7

coleoptrata, Myrmedobia 13

coleoptratus, Ceratocombus 7

columbarius, Cimex 24, 72

Compsidolon 15

concinna, Callicorixa 2

concinna, Paracorixa 2, 8

concolor, Orthotylus 18

confusus, Anthocoris 23

confusus, Drymus 4, 76

confusus, Pilophorus 17

confusus, Psallus 3, 15, 48, 49

Conostethus 14

constrictus, Dicyphus 16, 53

contaminatus, Lygocoris 19

contractus, Taphropeltus 28, 77

convergens, Dictyla 3, 12

Coranus 25

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

cordiger, Deraeocoris 13

Coreus 5, 30

coriaceus, Orthocephalus 3, 17

Coriomeris 31

Corixa 8

Corizus 5, 31

corticalis, Aradus 25, 73

coryli, Phylus 14

costalis, Camptotelus 76

costalis, Tropidophlebia 4, 27, 76

costata, Physatocheila 12, 43

crassicornis, Criocoris 16, 52

crassicornis, Stictopleurus 1

crassipes, Berytinus 26

crassipes, Phymata 25, 73, 87

Cremnocephalus 16

Criocoris 16

crispata, Tingis 12, 43

cruciatus, Globiceps 3, 18

culiciformis, Empicoris 24

currens, Velia 2

cursitans, Sciocoris 33

cursitans, Xylocoris 24

custos, Arma 34

Cydnus 32

cylindricollis, Orthonotus 1

Cyllecoris 17

Cymatia 7

Cymus 27

Cyphostethus 34

Cyrtorhinus 18

Cyrtorrhinus 3

dahlmannii, Spathocera 5, 31

dalmani, Spathocera 5

decolor, Lopus 3, 14

decolor, Onychumenus 3

decoratus, Scolopostethus 28

denticulatus, Coriomeris 31

dentipes, Corixa 8

depressus, Aradus 25

depressus, Orsillus 26, 74, 88

Deraeocoris 3, 13

Derephysia 12

desertus, Trapezonotus 30, 79

diaphanus, Blepharidopterus 3,

[18,55

diaphanus, Orthotylus 3, 55

Dichrooscytus 20

Dicranocephalus 4

Dictyla 3, 12

Dictyonota 12

Dicyphus 16

dilatatus, Megalonotus 29

dimidiatus, Phytocoris 21

diminutus, Psallus 3, 49

dispar, Trapezonotus 30

dissimilis, Cimex 24, 72

distincta, Sigara 8

distingendus, Peritrechus 1

distinguenda, Myrmedobia 13, 45

ditomoides, Metopoplax 27, 75

dolobrata, Leptopterma 4, 22

dolobratus, Miris 4

Dolycoris 33

dominulus, Eurydema 34, 86

dorsalis, Odontoscelis 5, 83

Drymus 28

Dryophilocoris 18

dubius, Sehirus 1

Dufouriellus 24

dumetorum, Physatocheila 12, 44,

[45

dumosa, Jalla 34, 86

dumosus, Asopus 86

echii, Dictyla 12

Elasmostethus 34

Elasmucha 34

Elatophilus 23

elegantula, Chartoscirta 11, 41

elegantula, Loricula 13

elongata, Notostira 4, 21

Emblethis 30

Empicoris 4, 24

enervis, Lasiosomus 29, 77

Enoplops 30

epilobii, Dicyphus 16

equestris, Lygaeus 4, 26, 74

equestris, Spilostethus 4

Eremocoris 28

ericae, Ischnorhynchus 4

Ericae, Nysius 26

ericetorum, Nabis 23

ericetorum, Orthotylus 18

errans, Dicyphus 16

erratica, Notostira 4

erraticus, Eremocoris 4

erythrocephalus, Halticus 53

Eurydema 34

Eurygaster 32

evanescens, Chlamydatus 16, 50,

[51

exilis, Myrmedobia 3, 13

Eysarcoris 33

fabricii, Arctocorisa 2

fabricii, Catoplatus 12

fabricii, Eusarcoris 5, 33

falleni, Psallus 15

falleni, Pseudophloeus 5

falleni, Sigara 8

fallenii, Arenocoris 5, 31

fasciiventris, Cardiastethus 24, 71

favosus, Neides 1

ferrarii, Orthocephalus 1, 54

ferrugata, Elasmucha 34

ferrugata, Leptopterna 4, 22

ferrugatus, Miris 4

291

ferrugineus, Gastrodes 4

ferus, Nabis 23

fieberi, Elasmucha 34

Fieberocapsus 17

filicis, Monalocoris 13

flavellus, Psallus 15

flaveolus, Eurycolpus 1

flaveolus, Cyrtorrhinus 3

flaveolus, Fieberocapsus 3, 17, 54

flavicorne, Cydnus 5

flavicornis, Aethus 5, 32

flavilinea, Deraeocoris 1, 2, 13, 45,

[87,94

flavinervis, Orthotylus 18

flavomaculatus, Globiceps 18

flavomarginata, Nabicula 4

flavomarginatus, Nabicula 22

flavomarginatus, Nabis 4

flavoquadrimaculatus, Cyllocoris 3

flavoquadrimaculatus,

[Dryophilocoris 3, 18

flavosparsus, Orthotylus 18

foliacea, Derephysia 12

formicetorum, Xylocoris 24, 70,

[71

fossarum, Sigara 8

fracticollis, Pachybrachius 4, 29

fracticollis, Pamera 4

fucicola, Saldula 11, 40

fuligineus, Stygnocoris 29

fuliginosa, Dictyonota 12

fuliginosa, Odontoscelis 32

fulvicollis cruciatus, Globiceps 3,

[18

fulvipennis, Plagiognathus 15, 50,

[51

fulvomaculatus, Calocoris 20

furcata, Mesovelia 9

furcata, Notonecta 2

fuscescens, Orthotylus 18, 55, 88

fusciloris, Plagiognathus 3, 51

fuscispinus, Carpocoris 33, 86

galactinus, Xylocoris 24

Galeatus 12

galgulina, Phimodera 83

gallarumulmi, Anthocoris 4, 23

gallarum-ulmi, Anthocoris 4

Gampsocoris 26

Gastrodes 28

gemellatus, Lygus 19, 56, 57

geminata, Chartoscirta 1

geminus, Tytthus 1, 2, 14, 47, 87

geniculatus, Peritrechus 29

genistae, Heterocordylus 1, 2, 18,

[55

Geocoris 27

geoffroyi, Corixa 2

Geotomus 1

292

germanicus, Alloeotomus 13

germari, Arctocorisa 8

Gerris 2, 10

gibbifer, Gerris 10

gimmerthali, Acetropis 4

gimmerthalii, Acetropis 4, 21, 65,

[87

Glaenocorisa 7

glandicolor, Cymus 27

glauca, Notonecta 9

Globiceps 18

globulifer, Dicyphus 17

Gonianotus 30

Gonocerus 30

gothicus, Alloeotomus 13

gothicus, Capsodes 21, 62

gracilenta, Hydrometa 10

gracilis, Acalypta 11

gracilis, Myrmecoris 19, 55, 56

gracilis, Temnostethus 23

Graphosoma 33

Graptopeltus 29

grisea, Elasmucha 34

griseola, Micronecta 1

griseus, Conostethus 3, 14

griseus, Emblethis 30, 79

griseus, Pachymerus 79

grossipes, Gastrodes 4, 28

grylloides, Geocoris 27

guttula, Prostemma 22, 67

gyllenhali, Charagochilus 3

gyllenhalii, Charagochilus 3, 20

Hadrodemus 20

haematodes, Psallus 3, 15

haemorrhoidale, Acanthosoma 34

Hallodapus 16

Halosalda 11

Halticus 17

hamulatus, Taphropeltus 28, 77

Harpocera 14

Hebrus 9

hellensi, Arctocorisa 2

hellensii, Sigara 2, 8, 36

helveticus, Nysius 4, 26

Hesperocorixa 2, 8

Heterocordylus 18

Heterogaster 27

Heterotoma 18

hieroglyphica, Arctocorisa 2

Himacerus 22, 67

hirsutulus, Phytocoris 1

hirticornis, Berytinus 26

hirundinis, Oeciacus 24, 71, 72

histrionicus, Cyllecoris 3, 17

histrionicus, Cyllocoris 3

Holcostethus 5, 33

holesericeus, Polymerus 20, 59, 60

holosericeus, Tropistethus 28, 76,

[77

holsata, Stenodema 4, 21

holsatum, Stenodema 4

Hoplomachus 14

hottentotta, Eurygaster 3

hottentotta, Tetyra 83

humeralis, Phimodera 32, 83

humuli, Dictyla 3, 12

humuli, Monanthia 3

hyalinus, Liorhyssus 31, 81

Hydrometra 10

hyosciami, Therapha 5, 82

hyoscyami, Corizus 5, 31, 80, 81

Hypseloecus 17

iactans, Sigara 8, 36, 87

Ilyocoris 8

imitator, Micracanthia 41

infusum, Megacoelum 20

insignis, Phytocaris 21

intermedia, Rubiconia 33, 84

intermedius, Dichrooscytus 20, 60

interstinctus, Elasmostethus 34

intricatus, Phytocoris 21, 61, 62

intrusus, Isometopus 22, 65

inuncta, Podops 33

iracundus, Rhinocoris 4, 73

Ischnocoris 28

Ischnodemus 27

Isometopus 22

italicum, Graphosoma 5

Jalla 34

juniperi, Gonocerus 30, 80, 81

juniperi, Phytocoris 1

juniperina, Chlorochroa 33

Kalama 12

kalmi, Lygus 3

kalmii, Orthops 3, 19

Kleidocerys 27

klugii, Aelia 33

lacustris, Gerris 10

laeta, Serenthia 3

laetum, Agramma 3, 12

laevigata, Stenodema 4, 21

laevigatum, Stenodema 4

laevis, Aneurus 5, 25, 73, 74

Lamproplax 28

Lasiacantha 12

Lasiosomus 29

lateralis, Gerris 2, 10, 38, 39

lateralis, Haldosalda 3

lateralis, Halosalda 3, 11

lateralis, Sigara 2, 8

laticollis, Orius 23, 69, 70

lativentris, Nabis 4

latus, Drymus 4, 28, 76

lectularius, Cimex 24

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Legnotus 32

lepidus, Psallus 15

leptocerus, Heterocordylus 18, 54,

[55

Leptopterna 4, 22

leucocephalus, Halticus 54

leucocephalus, Strongylocoris 17,

[53, 54

limbata, Nabicula 4

limbatus, Anthocoris 23

limbatus, Lygocoris 19, 59

limbatus, Nabicula 22

limbatus, Nabis 4

limbosus, Legnotus 5, 32

limitata, Sigara 8

limitatum, Brachyarthrum 1, 2, 14

[49, 87

Limnoporus 10

linearis, Megaloceroea 4

linearis, Ranatra 7

lineata, Nabicula 4

lineatum, Graphosoma 5, 33, 84

lineatus, Nabicula 22

lineatus, Nabis 4

lineatus, Nysius 4

lineatus, Teratocoris 65

lineola, Odontoscelis 5, 32, 83

lineolatus, Adelphocoris 20

lineolatus, Camptotelus 4, 76

linnaei, Hesperocorixa 2, 8

linnei, Arctocorisa 2

Liocoris 19

Liorhyssus 31

litoralis, Plagiognathus 3, 15, 50,

[51

littoralis, Salda 11

lituratus, Piezodorus 33

lividus, Ceraleptus 31

longipalis, Sigara 8, 36, 37, 87

longirostris, Temnostethus 1, 2,

[23, 67

Lopus 4, 14

Loricula 3, 13

lucorum, Lygocoris 19

luctuosus, Sehirus 32

lugubris, Arctocorisa 2

lundii, Peritrechus 4, 29, 78

lurida, Pamera 4

luridus, Pachybrachius 4, 29, 78

luridus, Plociomerus 78

luridus, Psallus 15

luridus, Strongylocoris 17

luridus, Troilus 34

lutea, Notonecta 9, 37

luteicollis, Halticus 17, 53

lutescens, Deraeocoris 13

Lyctocoris 24

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Lygaeus 26

Lygocoris 3, 19

Lygus 3, 19, 57

lynceus, Aphanus 4

lynceus, Graptopeltus 4, 29

m-flavum, Hadrodemus 3, 20, 60,

[61

m-flavum, Homodemus 60

M-flavum, Homodemus 3

Macrodema 30

Macrolophus 16

Macrotylus 14

maculata, Notonecta 9

maculata, Piesma 4

maculatum, Piesma 4, 25

maculatus, Galeatus 12, 43, 87

maculatus, Naucoris 9, 37

maculatus, Rhopalus 31

maerkelii, Pithanus 19

magnicornis, Atractotomus 15, 51

major, Anaptus 4, 22

major, Nabis 4

majuscula, Triphleps 4

majusculus, Orius 4, 23

Malacocoris 17

mali, Atractotomus 15

marginalis, Micracanthia 11, 41,

[42

marginalis, Orthotylus 18

marginalis, Salda 41

marginata, Acalypta 11, 42

marginatus, Coreus 5, 30

marginatus, Syromastus 5

marginellus, Calocoris 60

marginepunctatus, Gonianotus 30

maritimum, Monosynamma 16

maritimus, Beosus 29

maritimus, Lygus 19, 57

marqueti, Reuteria 1, 2, 17, 54, 88

maura, Eurygaster 32

Mecomma 19

medius, Dicranocephalus 30, 79

megacephalus, Geocoris 27, 75

Megacoelum 20

Megaloceroea 21

Megalocoleus 14

Megalonotus 4, 29

melanocephalus, Cymus 27, 75

melanocephalus, Eusarcoris 5

melanocephalus, Phylus 14

Melanocoryphus 88

melanoscela, Salda 40

melanoscela, Saldula 11, 40

meridionalis, Micronecta 35

meriopterum, Heterotoma 3, 55

Mesovelia 9

Metatropis 26

Metopoplax 27

Micracanthia 11

Micronecta 7

Microphysa 3

microptera, Macrodema 30

Microsynamma 3

Microvelia 10

minki minki, Anthocoris 23, 68,

[69

minor, Berytinus 26, 74

minor, Plesiocoris 19, 58, 59

minuta, Triphleps 4

minutissima, Micronecta-7, 35, 36

minutissima, Plea 9

minutus, Orius 4, 23, 69

Miridius 21

miriformis, Myrmus 31

Miris 20

mirmicoides, Aptus 4, 22

modestus, Oxycarenus 27, 75, 76

moesta, Hesperocorixa 8

molliculus, Megalocoleus 14

mollis, Psallus 15, 49

Monalocoris 13

Monanthia 3 =

moncreaffi, Orthotylus 18

Monosynamma 3, 16

montivagus, Berytinus 26, 74

morio, Salda 11, 40

morio, Sehirus 32, 83

muelleri, Salda 11, 40

musci, Acalypta 11, 42

mutabilis, Orthocephalus 3

Myrmecoris 19

Myrmedobia 13

Myrmus 31

Nabicula 22, 67

Nabis 4, 23, 67

najas, Aquarius 10

nassatus, Orthotylus 18

nasutus, Amblytylus 14, 47

Naucoris 9

nebulosa, Rhaphigaster 1

nebulosus, Sphragisticus 29

Neides 26

nemoralis, Anthocoris 23

nemorum, Anthocoris 23

Neomecomma 18

Neottiglossa 33

Nepa 7

niger, Orius 4, 23

nigra, Triphleps 4

nigricornis, Carpocoris 86

nigricornis, Elatophilus 23, 67, 68,

[88

nigrina, Acalypta 12, 42, 43

nigrita, Aethus 32, 82, 83

nigrita, Cydnus 83

nigrita, Polymerus 20, 60

293

nigritulum, Monosynamma 1, 52

nigrolineata, Sigara 2, 8

nigrolineata, Trigonosoma 84

norvegicus, Calocoris 20

Notonecta 9

Notostira 21

nowickyi, Ptytocoris 62

nubilus, Bathysolen 31, 80, 81

nubilus, Macrolophus 16

nubilus, Peritrechus 29

Nysius 26

oberti, Stephanitis 12

obliqua, Notonecta 2, 9

obliquus, Cymus 4, 75

obscurellus, Phoenicocoris 3, 15

obscurellus, Psallus 3

obsoletum, Asciodema 16, 52

ochromelas, Calocoris 3

odontogaster, Gerris 10

Odontoscelis 32

Oeciacus 24

oleracea, Eurydema 34

olivaceus, Deraeocoris 13

Oncochila 12

Oncotylus 14

opacula, Saldula 11, 41

Orius 4, 23

ornatum, Eurydema 5, 86

Orsillus 26

Orthocephalus 17

orthochila, Saldula 11

Ortholomus 26

Orthonotus 14

Orthops 3, 19, 57

Orthotylus 18

Oxycarenus 27

pabulinus, Lygocoris 19

Pachybrachius 29

Pachycoleus 7

Pachytomella 17

palliceps, Phylus 14

pallicornis, Dicyphus 3, 16

pallidicornis, Dicyphus 3

pallidipennis, Ophthalmicus 75

pallidus, Dicyphus16

pallipes, Saldula 11, 41

Palomena 33

paludum, Aquarius 10

paludum, Teratocoris 22, 65

palustris, Polymerus 20

palustris, Saldula 1, 11, 41

Pantilius 21

panzeri, Corixa 8

Paracorixa 8

parallela, Pachytomella 17

parumpunctatus, Rhopalus 31

parvicornis, Brachysteles 24, 70,

(71

294

parvula, Acalypta 12

parvulus, Atractotomus 15, 49, 51

parvulus, Xylocoris 1

paykulit, Macrotylus 3

paykulli, Macrotylus 3, 14

pedestris, Stygnocoris 4

Pentatoma 33

Peribalis 5

Peritrechus 29

perplexus, Pilophorus 17

perrisi, Psallus 15

personatus, Reduvius 25

Phimodera 32

phoeniceus, Rhyparochromus 29

Phoenicocoris 15

Phylus 14

Phymata 25

Physatocheila 3, 12

Physatochila 3

Phytocoris 21

picea, Lamproplax 4, 28, 77

piceus, Drymus 4, 77

picinus, Gnatoconus 77

picipes, Legnotus 5, 32

Picromerus 34

pictus, Scolopostethus 28

Piesma 25

Piezodorus 33

Piezostethus 4

pilicornis, Calocoris 20, 61

pilicornis, Drymus 28, 76

pilifer, Capsus 1, 2, 21, 62, 63

Pilophoprus 17

pilosa, Tingis 12, 43

pilosella, Saldula 11

pilosus, Anthocoris 23, 68, 69

pilosus, Bothynotus 13, 45

pilosus, Chiloxanthus 10

pilosus, Megalocoleus 14

pilosus, Scolopostetus 28, 77

Pinalitus 3, 19, 57

pinastri, Camptozygum 3

pinetalla, Plesiodema 3, 14

pinetellum, Plesiodema 3

pini, Phytocoris 21, 62

pini, Rhyparochromus 29

pinicola, Chlorochroa 33, 85

Pionosomus 30

pipistrellae, Cimex 72

pipistrelli, Cimex 24, 72

Pitedia 85

Pithanus 19

Plagiognathus 15

planicornis, Heterotoma 3, 18, 55

platycheila, Acalypta 3, 12, 42, 43

platychila, Acalypta 3, 42

Plea 9

plebejus, Eremocoris 28

Plesiocoris 19

Plesiodema 14

Plinthisus 28

Ploiariola 4

podagricus, Eromocoris 28, 77

Podops 33

Poeciloscytus 3

Polymerus 3, 20

populi, Lygocoris 1, 2, 19, 59

populi, Phytocoris 21

poweri, Micronecta 7, 35, 36

praetextatus, Megalonotus 29

praeusta, Callicorixa 1, 8

prasina, Palomena 33

prasinus, Orthotylus 18

pratensis, Lygus 19, 57

privignis, Kleidocerys 1, 27, 88

privignus, Kleidocerys 2, 74, 75

producta, Callicorixa 1

propinqua, Glaenocorisa 2, 7

Prostemma 22

Psallus 15

psammaecolor, Trigonotylus 22

pselaphiformis, Loricula 13

pseudoferus, Nabis 23, 66, 67

pseudograndis, Scolopostethus 1,

[2, 28, 77

Pseudoloxops 18

pseudoplatani, Psallus 15, 48, 49,

[87

pteridis, Bryocoris 13

Pterotmetus 30

puberulus, Scolopostethus 28

pulchella, Scolopocelis 1, 2, 24, 71,

[88

pulchellus, Trigonotylus 22

pulicarius, Chlamydatus 15

pullus, Chlamydatus 16

pumilio, Drymus 28, 76, 83

punctata, Corixa 2, 8

punctatonervosus, Stictopleurus

[32, 82

punctatus, Rhacognathus 34

punctipennis, Ortholomus 4, 26,

[74

punctipennis, Nysius 4, 74

punctipes, Gampsocoris 4, 26

punctipes, Metacanthus 4

punctipes, Oncotylus 14, 45, 46

punctulatus, Deraeocoris 13, 44,

[45

punctulatus, Geotomus 1

purpureipennis, Carpocoris 33

pusilla, Neottiglossa 33

pusillus, Hebrus 9

pusillus, Plinthisus 28, 76

pusillus, Psilophorus 88

pusillus, Temnostethus 23

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

pygmaea, Microvelia 1, 10, 39

pygmaeus, Acompocoris 23

pygmaeus, Cyrtorrhinus 47

pygmaeus, Tytthus 14, 47, 48

Pygolampis 25

pyrioides, Stephanitis 1

Pyrrhocoris 30

quadrata, Piesma 4

quadratum, Piesma 4, 25, 73, 74

quadratus, Aphanus 4

quadratus, Xanthochilus 4, 29

quadrimaculata, Psysatocheila 3,

143, 45

quadripunctatus, Adelphocoris 20

quadripunctatus, Calocoris 61

quadrivirgatus, Miridius 21, 61

quercus, Psallus 15

Raglius 29

Ranatra 7

reclairei, Agnocoris 3, 20, 58, 59

recticornis, Megaloceraea 4, 21,

[64, 65

Reduvius 25

resedae, Ichnorhynchus 4

resedae, Kleidocerys 4, 27

reticulata, Microvelia 2, 10

reticulata, Tingis 12, 43

reuteri, Notonecta 9, 37, 38

reuteri, Phytocoris 21

Reuteria 17

Rhacognathus 34

rhamnicola, Lygocoris 19

rhododendri, Stephanitis 12

rhombea, Verlusia 5

rhombeus, Syromastus 5, 30

Rhopalus 5, 31

Rhynocoris 25

Rhyparochromus 4, 29, 78

rivulorum, Velia 1, 2

rolandri, Aphanus 4, 30

rolandri, Calyptonotus 4

roseomaculatus, Calocoris 20

roseri, Salicarus 3, 16

roseri, Sthenarus 3

roseus, Conostethus 14, 46

roseus, Psallus 3

rotermundi, Sthenarus 3, 16

rottermundi, Sthenarus 3

ruber, Deraeocoris 13

Rubiconia 33

rubicundis, Agnocoris 20, 58, 59

rubicundus, Lygus 3

rubidus, Orthotylus 18

rubricatus, Pinalitus 19, 57

rufescens, Allodapus 3

rufescens, Hallodapus 3, 16, 53

rufescens, Metatropis 26, 74

rufescens, Pachycoleus 2, 35

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

ruficeps, Hebrus 9

ruficornis, Trigonotylus 22, 64, 65,

[86

rufifrons, Byrsoptera 3

rufifrons, Orthonotus 3, 14

rufipennis, Dichrooscytus 20

rufipes, Acompus 28

rufipes, Pentatoma 33

rufoscutellatus, Gerris 3

rufoscutellatus, Limnoporus 3, 10

rufus, Rhopalus 1

rugicollis, Plesiocoris 19

rugosus, Nabis 23

rugulipennis, Lygus 19

rusticus, Stygnocoris 29

ryeii, Drymus 1, 28, 77

sabuleti, Ischnodemus 27

sabulicola, Megalonotus 1, 29, 79

sabulicola, Monosynamma 16, 51,

[52

sabulosus, Stygnocoris 4, 29

sahlbergi, Hesperocorixa 8

Salda 11

Saldula 3, 11

Salicarus 16

salicellus, Compsidolon 3, 15

salicellus, Psallus 3

salicis, Psallus 3, 15, 49

salinus, Conostethus 3

salsolae, Piesma 25, 74

saltator, Halticus 17, 53

saltator, Orthocephalus 17, 54, 55

saltatoria, Saldula 11, 41

saltitans, Chlamydatus 16

sanguinipes, Pinthaeus 1

sarothamni, Anthocoris 23

saulii, Velia 10, 37

saundersi, Teratocoris 22, 64, 65

saxatilis, Lygnaeus 74

saxatilis, Spilostethus 26, 74, 87

scapha, Coreus 5

scapha, Enoplos 5, 30

scarabaeoides, Thyreocoris 32

schillingi, Chorosoma 31

schmidtii, Calocoris 20, 61

schneideri, Microvelia 2

scholtzi, Micronecta 7, 35

Sciocoris 33

Scoloposcelis 24

Scolopostethus 28, 77

scotica, Saldula 11, 39, 40

scotti, Sigara 8

scutellaris, Capsus 46

scutellaris, Deraeocoris 13, 45, 46

Sehirus 32

selecta, Sigara 8, 36

semistriata, Sigara 8

senecionis, Nysius 26

seticornis, Adelphocoris 20

sibiricus, Anthocoris 68

Sigara 2,8

signaticornis, Aradus 25, 73, 88

signoreti, Berytinus 26

simplex, Oncochila 12, 45

simulans, Anthocoris 23, 68, 69

singeri, Phytocoris 21, 62

smreczynskii, Physatocheila 3, 12,

[44, 45

solitarius, Macrotylus 14, 47

Spathocera 31

sphacelatus, Holcostethus 33, 84

sphacelatus, Holostethus 84

sphegiformis, Globiceps 18, 54

Sphragisticus 29

Spilostethus 4, 26

spinolae, Lygocoris 19

stagnalis, Sigara 2, 8

stagnorum, Hydrometra 10

Stalia 22, 67

staphiliniformis, Pterotmetus 4,

[30

staphylinoides, Pterotmetus 4 _

Stenocephalus 4

Stenodema 21

Stenotus 21

Stephanitis 12

Sthenarus 16

Stictopleurus 32

striata, Pycnopterna 3

striata, Sigara 8

striatellus, Calocoris 3, 20, 61

striatus, Miris 3, 20

strichnocera, Dictyonota 12

Strongylocoris 17

Stygnocoris 29

subapterus, Coranus 25, 72, 73

subpatellatus, Lopus 46

subrufus, Corizus 82

subrufus, Rhopalus 31, 81, 82

sulcatus, Capsodes 1, 2, 21, 62, 88

sulcicornis, Criocoris 1, 2, 16, 52,

[88

sylvaticus, Drymus 28

sylvestris, Peritrechus 4, 78

symphyti, Monanthia 3

Syromastus 30

Systellonotus 16

Taphropeltus 28

Temnostethus 23

tenella, Myrmedobia 3

tenellus, Orthotylus 18

Teratocoris 22

testudinaria, Eurygaster 32

Tetraphleps 23

thomsoni, Scolopostethus 28

thoracica, Harpocera 14

295

thoracicus, Gerris 10

thunbergi, Hoplomachus 14, 47

thunbergii, Lygus 47

thymi, Nysius 26

Thyreocoris 32

tibialis, Heterocordylus 18

ticinencis, Adelphocoris 20

tiliae, Phytocoris 21

Tingis 12

tipularius, Neides 26

Trapezonotus 30

tricornis, Dictyonota 3

tricornis, Kalama 3, 12

trifasciatus, Deraeocoris 13

Trigonotylus 22

triguttatus, Systellonotus 16

tripustulatus, Liocoris 19

trispinosa, Stenodema 4, 21, 63, 65

trispinosum, Stenodema 4

tristriatus, Cyphostethus 34

Troilus 34

Tropidophlebia 27

Tropistethus 28

truncatulus ericae, Kleidocerys 1,

[2, 4, 27,75, 88

tuberculifer, Coranus 1

tumidicornis, Heterocordylus 18,

[55

tunicatus, Pantilius 21

typhae, Chilacis 27

Tytthus 3, 14

ulmi, Phytocoris 21

umbricola, Microvelia 39

umbrinus, Sciocorus 1

unifasciatus, Polymerus 20

urticae, Heterogaster 27

vagabundus, Empicoris 24

variabilis, Psallus 15

varians, Psallus 15

varipes, Phytocoris 21

varius, Pionosomus 30

Velia 10

venator, Gonocerus 81

ventralis, Eurydema 1, 5, 34, 86, 87

venusta, Sigara l

venustus, Conostethus 14, 46, 47

verbasci, Campylomma 16

verbasci, Emblethis 30, 79

verna, Campylosteira 3, 11

verna, Campylostira 3

vernalis, Holcostethus 33, 84, 85

vernalis, Peribalus 84

vestita, Saldula 40

vicinus, Orius 23, 69

virens, Orthotylus 18, 56

virens, Stenodema 21, 63, 65

virescens, Orthotylus 18

virgula, Campyloneura 17

296

viridiflavus, Oncotylus 14, 46

viridinervis, Orthotylus 18

viridis, Lygocoris 19

viridis, Notonecta 9

viridissima, Palomena 33, 85

visci, Anthocoris 23, 69

visci, Hypseloecus 17, 53

viscicola, Pinalitus 19, 57

vitellinus, Plagiognathus 15

vulneratus, Polymerus 20, 59

wagneri, Capsus 21, 62, 63

wagneri, Lygus 1, 2, 19, 57

wagneri, Psallus 15, 48, 49

waltli, Pachycoleus 2, 7, 35

waltli, Pseudophloeus 5, 81

waltlii, Arenocoris 5, 31, 81, 87

waltlii, Pseudophloeus 81

wollastoni, Callicorixa 1

woodroffei, Coranus 1, 2, 25, 72,

[73

Xanthochilus 2

Xylocoris 4, 24

Zicrona 34

HOMOPTERA

Brachylobopyga 123, 127

citri, Planococcus 152

decorata, Brachylobopyga 123,

[124

Dilobopyga 123, 127

margarethae, Dilobopyga 127

minahassae, Dilobopyga 127

*montana, Brachylobopyga 123,

[124-127

toradja, Brachylobopyga 123-125,

[127

toradja, Cicada 123, 124

toradja, Cosmopsaltria 124

toradja, Tibicen 124

toradjus, Tibicen 124

HYMENOPTERA

Ablaxia 150, 151

aceris, Pediaspis 154

achaeus, Psilonotus 154

adamas, Psilonotus 154

Aggelma 150

Anisopteromalus 151

Anogmus 150, 151

Apantheles 154

basalis, Dinarmus 154

bedeguaris, Habrocytus 154

boarmiae, Dibrachys 154

Caenasis 150, 151

calandrae, Anisopteromalus 154

cavus, Dibrachys 154

Cecidostiba 150, 151

Cryptus 251, 252, 255, 257

dactylopii, Leptomastix 152

dianae dianae, Cryptus 251-253

dianae obscuripes, Cryptus 253

*dianae solivagus, Cryptus 251,

[252, 253

Dibrachys 151

Dinarmus 151

discus, Peridesmia 154

distinguendus, Lariophagus 154

divisa, Cynips 154

dubius, Mesopolobus 154

elevatus, Habrocytus 154

Eupteromalus 150

fasciiventris, Mesopolobus 154

fidenas, Vrestovia 152

*furvus, Cryptus 251, 252, 257

graminicola, Meraporus 154

Habrocytus 151

Hobbya 150, 151

hohenheimensis, Anogmus 154

Hypopteromalus 151

*insularis, Cryptus 251, 252, 256,

[258

Itamoplex 251

Lariophagus 151

lauta, Caenasis 154

liparae, Stenomalina 154

mediterraneus, Mesopolobus 154

Meraporus 151

Mesopolobus 150, 151

micropterus, Trichomalopsis

| (Eupteromalus) 154

muscarum, Pachyneuron 152, 153

Muscidifurax 151

Nasonia 150, 151, 154

nigricola, Toxeumorpha 152

nigritarsis, Cryptus 251, 252,

[254-256

obscuripes, Cryptus 251, 253, 254,

[257

*obscuripes impeditus, Cryptus

251,252, 21. 255

Pachycrepoideus 152

Pachyneuron 152, 153

Peridesmia 151

piceae, Anogmus 154

planiscuta, Pachyneuron 152

*praefortis, Cryptus 251, 252, 255

Psilonotus 150, 151

Pteromalus (Habrocytus) 151,

[153

punctipleura, Trychnosoma 154

puparum, Preromalus 153, 154

raptor, Muscidifurax 154

raptorellus, Muscidifurax 154

rhabdophagae, Mesopolobus 154

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

rotundata, Megachile 154

semifascia, Cecidostiba 154

sequester, Habrocytus 154

spinosus, Cryptus 255

Stenomalina 151

stenonota, Hobbya 154

strobilorum, Anogmus 154

subspinosus, Cryptus 255

Synedrus 151

tabacum, Hypopteromalus 154

tigasis, Trichomalopsis

[(Eupteromalus) 154

Toxeumorpha 152

Trichomalopsis 150, 151, 154

Trichomalus 151

Trychnosoma 151

*ultramondanus, Cryptus 251, 252,

[256, 257

uniraptor, Muscidifurax 154

vala, Anogmus 154

venustus, Pteromalus 154

verutus, Cryptus 251, 252, 257

verutus hierroensis, Cryptus 251,

[257

vindemmiae, Pachycrepoideus

[SI 252

vitripennis, Nasonia 151, 154

Vrestovia 151, 152

zaraptor, Muscidifurax 154

LEPIDOPTERA

adspersella, Coleophora 211

aequigesa, Coleophora 208

*alecturella, Coleophora 199, 200,

[204, 206, 217, 219, 231

algeriensis, Coleophora 201

artemisiella, Coleophora 200, 210

astragalella, Coleophora 203, 224

bagorella, Coleophora 200, 208

*batangica, Coleophora 199, 200,

[211, 217, 219, 240

*buteella, Coleophora 199-201,

(AOS NEN

*caradjai, Coleophora 199, 200,

[202, 203, 216, 218, 222, 223

canariipennella, Coleophora 204

changaica, Coleophora 200, 203

citrarga, Coleophora 200, 205, 216

Coleophora 200, 201

*cristata, Coleophora 199, 200,

[205, 206, 215, 218, 229

*denticulata, Coleophora 199, 200,

[210, 217, 219, 238

discordella, Coleophora 202

ditella, Coleophora 204

eothina, Coleophora 201

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

eteropennella, Coleophora 201,

[220

eurasiatica, Coleophora 200, 201

*falcipenella, Coleophora 199, 200,

1208; 215, 219; 235

galbulipennella, Coleophora 210

glaucicolella, Coleophora 205

*hoeneella, Coleophora 199, 200,

[203, 204, 216, 218, 225

hsiaolingensis, Coleophora 199,

[200, 207, 215

hungariae, Coleophora 210

immortalis, Coleophora 199, 200,

[205

issikii, Coleophora 210

kurokoi, Coleophora 200, 208, 216

laricella, Coleophora 204

*lucida, Coleophora 199, 200, 201,

[215, 218, 220

lunensis, Coleophora 207

mandschuriae, Coleophora 199,

[200, 203

melanograpta, Coleophora 199,

[200, 202, 218

microtitae, Coleophora 210

monoceros, Coleophora 207

neviusella, Coleophora 199

neviusiella, Coleophora 200, 201

nivifera, Coleophora 199, 200, 207

otitae, Coleophora 210

pandionella, Coleophora 210

parenthella, Coleophora 208

Pieris 154

*plurispinella, Coleophora 199,

(203, 215, 218, 224

pseudociconiella, Coleophora 210

pseudolinosyris, Coleophora 207

scioleuca, Coleophora 199, 200,

[206, 215, 219, 230

seminalis, Coleophora 199, 200,

(2055.27; 2185.2275.228

sinensis, Coleophora 199, 200, 204

*sittella, Coleophora 199, 200,

BO7 ZA GANS), ay

sternipennella, Coleophora 207

stramentella, Coleophora 203

summivola, Coleophora 199, 200,

[208, 217, 219, 233, 234

therinella, Coleophora 206

*tibetana, Coleophora 199, 200,

(204, 216, 218, 226

treskaensis, Coleophora 210

*tuberculata, Coleophora 199, 200,

(22108206 217; 219% 239

unipunctella, Coleophora 211, 212

versurella, Coleophora 199, 200,

[207

vestianella, Coleophora 200, 207,

[208

vestianella, Phalaena (Tinea) 207

vibicigerella, Coleophora 199,

[200, 203

virgaureae, Coleophora 206

weymarni, Coleophora 200, 211

yomogiella, Coleophora 200, 208,

[216

*yunnanica, Coleophora 199, 200,

120972177, 2192367237.

zelleriella, Coleophora 202

ODONATA

aglaia, Nannophlebia 121

apicalis, Palaemnema 167

appendiculatus,

[Phyllogomphoides 169

armatus, Epigomphus 158-160,

BSD

asiatica, Lathrecista 119

assimilis, Hemicordulia 118

*baltodanoi, Palaemnema 163-165,

[167

basiguttata, Gynacantha 118

batesi longipolex, Neocordulia

[163

bayadera, Gynacantha 118

berenice, Philogenia 168

bifasciatus, Phyllogomphoides

[169

*burgosi, Phyllogomphoides 163,

[168, 169, 171

capitatus, Paragomphus 121

celebense, Pseudagrion 117

Celebophlebia 115

Ceriagrion sp. nov. 1 & 2 117

chirripa, Cora 165

chrysis, Orthetrum 119

cinctus, Celebargiolestes 120

clavatus, Epigomphus 173

cleis, Lyriothemis 119

crepidus, Epigomphus 173, 174

congener, Potamarcha 119

*corniculatus, Epigomphus 158,

[159

cornutifrons, Phyllogomphoides

[169

crocops, Pseudagrion 117

delecolli, Celebothemis 120

Diplacina sp. nov. 1 & 2 119

distadens, Palaemnema 167

Drepanosticta sp. | & 2 118

*echeverrii, Epigomphus 163, 170,

[171-174

Epigomphus 165, 173, 174

297

eurybia, Tramea 120

femina femina, Agriocnemis 117

festiva, Trithemis 119

filostyla, Heliaeschna 118

flavescens, Pantala 120

flavipennis, Nososticta 118

fluctuans, Neurothemis 129

frontalis, Rhinocypha 117

glaucum, Orthetrum 119

helena, Philogenia 168

helvola, Teinobasis 117

*houghtoni, Epigomphus 163, 174,

[175

*indicatrix, Phyllogomphoides 155

[156

insignis quatuornotata,

[Agrionoptera 119

irina, Macromia 118

irregularis leptoptera,

[Tetrathemis 118

jaspidea, Anaciaeschna 118

majuscula, Hetaerina 165

militaris, Diplacina 119

monochroa, Rhinocypha 117

mysis, Nesoxenia 119

Neurothemis sp. nov. 119

Nososticta sp. nov. 1 & 2 118

kaupi kaupi, Neurobasis 116

lineata, Cratilla 118

obtusum, Zyxomma 119

occipitalis, Epigomphus 175

Ophiogomphus 173

pacificus, Phyllogomphoides 155

Palaemnema 165

pallidistylus, Perigomphus 163

paulirica, Palaemnema 167

paulsoni, Epigomphus 173

*peacocki, Philogenia 163,

[165-167, 168

pechumani, Epigomphus 173, 174

penelope, Gynacantha 118

Philogenia 168

Phyllogomphoides 155, 169

praemorsus, Lestes (Paralestes)

[117

Protosticta sp. 118

pruinosum, Orthetrum 121

pugnifer, Phyllogomphoides 169,

[171

pygmaea, Nannophya 118

rapax, Brechmorhoga 165

rogersi, Argia 163

rosenbergi, Gynacantha 118

rubescens, Argiocnemis 117

rufescens, Libellago 117

rufescens rufescens, Libellago 117

sabina, Orthetrum 119

298

sanguinolenta, Diplacina 119

Selysioneura 118

semicircularis, Phyllogomphoides

[155

senegalensis, Ischnura 117

servilia, Crocothemis 119

stigmatizans manadensis,

[Neurothemis 119

suasillus, Phyllogomphoides 155

subobtusus, Epigomphus 173, 175

subsimilis, Epigomphus 173, 175

superba, Teinobasis 117

tillarga, Tholymis 119

tincta semitincta, Rhinocypha 117

torrenticola, Diplacina 121

transmarina, Tramea 120

tristani, Erpetogomphus 163

trivialis, Diplacodes 119

tumefactus, Epigomphus 173, 175

ustum, Pseudagrion 117

xanthocyana, Libellago 177

ORTHOPTERA

*aulaeiadventa, Samariella 110, 111

bakeri, Samariella 110

celebesica, Karnydia 109, 110-113

cruciger, Ephippiger 177-180

cunii, Ephippiger 177-180

cunii f. jugicola, Ephippiger 178,

[180

dentata, Homeomastax 112

Ephippiger 177-180, 184, 185, 188

ephippiger, Ephippiger 177, 183

ephippiger diurnus, Ephippiger

[178-180

ephippiger vitium, Ephippiger

[177

ephippiger vicheti, Ephippiger

[177-180, 183, 184, 186

gracilipes, Karnydia 109, 112, 113

gracilis, Karnydia 110

Karnydia 109, 110, 113

*laticlava, Karnydia 110-113

milleri, Pseudommnesicles 109

*monki, Karnydia 110, 111, 113

plagiator, Pseudomnesicles 109

provincialis, Ephippiger 177-180

Pseudomnesicles 109

*rhodopeplus, Pseudomnesicles

[109-111

roseosignatus, Pseudomnesicles

[109, 110

rugosicollis, Uromenus 177-180

Samariella 109

terrestris, Ephippiger 177, 179,

[183, 184, 186, 187, 190-198

terrestris bormansi, Ephippiger

[177, 178, 180, 183-187, 190,

[191, 194-198

terrestris caprai, Ephippiger

[177-180, 183, 184, 186, 187, 190,

[191, 194-198

terrestris terrestris, Ephippiger

[177-180, 183, 184, 186, 187, 191,

[194, 196, 198

t. terrestris f. minor, Ephippiger

[178, 180, 187, 190, 194-197

Uromenus 178-180

viduata, Samariella 110

PLANTAE

Acer 154

Acer campestre 45

Acer pseudoplatanus 45

Achillae 203

Alnus glutinosa 75

Amaranthus 205, 207

Amaranthus paniculatus 205

Arctia 154

Artemisia 203, 210

Artemisia campestris 57

Artemisia princeps 208

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 132, 1989

Artemisia montana 208

Artemisia vulgaris 57

Asparagus 154

Athyrium 112

Atriplex 207, 208

Betula 154

Buxus 68

Calluna vulgaris 75

Centaurea 154

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 74

Chenopodium 207, 208

Chrysanthemum morifolium var.

[sinence 208

Cyathea 112

Cyathea multiflora 112

Dennstaedtia 112

Dennstaedtia obtusifolia 112

Diplazium 112

Diplazium expansum 112

Diplazium sp. aff. herbaceum 112

Elatostema 112

Fraxinus exselsior 68

Gnetum 109

Gnetum rhodopeplus 110

Larix principis-rupprechtii 205

Linaria vulogaris 154

Malus 201

Molinia caerulea 62

Nephrolepis 112

Phragmites 154

Picea abies 154

Populus 68

Populus canescens 59

Populus tremula 49

Quercus 154, 202

Rosa 154

Rubus 201

Salix 68

Salix repens 154

Thuja occidentalis 74