List of Officers and Members of Council

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

For the year 1905.

President :

His Honour Sir A. H. L. Fraser, M.A., LL.D., K.O.S.I.

Vibe-Presidents ;

The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, M.A., D.L.,

F.R.S.E.

T. H. Holland, Esq., F.G.S., F.R.S.

C. W. McMinn, Esq., I.C.S., (retired.)

Secretary and Treasurer .-

Honorary General Secretary : J. Macfarlane, Esq.

Treasurer : The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya,

M.A., D.L., F.R.S.E.

Additional Secretaries :

Philological Secretary: E. D. Ross, Esq., Ph.D.

Natural History Secretary : Captain L. Rogers, M.D., B.Sc.,

I.M.S.

Anthropological Secretary: N. Annandale, Esq., B.A., D.Sc.

Joint Philological Secretary : Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad

Shastri, M.A.

•Numismatic Secretary: H. N. Wright, Esq., I.C.S.

Other Members of Gouncil :

The Hon’ble Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, B.A., I.C.S.

Kumar Ramessur Maliah.

I. H. Burkill, Esq., M.A.

H. E. Kempthorne, Esq.

4 W. K. Dods, Esq.

The Hon ’Me Mr. A. Earle, I.C.S.

Lieutenant- Colonel J. H. Tull Walsh, I.M.S.

H. H. Hayden, Esq., B.A., F.G.8.

E. Thornton, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.

Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana, M.A.

H. E. Stapleton, Esq., B.A., B.Sc.

PRES ‘VASTER

at Harvard

CONTENTS.

Pages

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. — By Sib

George King, K.C.I.E., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superin-

tendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta; and

J. Sykes Gamble. C.I.E., F.R.S., late of the Indian

Forest Department

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

, ;f :v5s» 0" lJ >E

Yol. LXXIV., Part J£— -Extra .Number, 1905.

H i/i AR 1 1906 v f

N c , 'v

Materials for a Flora 'of the Malayan P'minsula. — By Sib Geoege

King, K.C.I.E., LL.D., F.~R.S.,~Zafc Superintendent of the Boyal

Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. S. Gamble, C.I.E., F.R.S., late

of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 16.

The present contribution commences with an account of the genus

Psychotria, which concludes the Natural Order Bubiacece. In addition,

it contains accounts of the Natural Orders Valeriancce and Composites

(prepared by Sir G. King) ; Stylidiece, Goodenoviece, and Campanulacece

(prepared by Mr. Gamble) ; Vacciniacece and Fricacece (Sir G. King) ;

Epacridece and Plumbaginece (Mr. Gamble). For the new genera and

species proposed in these Orders the authors are jointly responsible.

The account of the Order Monotropece has been supplied by Lieut. -

Col. Prain, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden,

Calcutta; and that of the Order Gentianece has been added, having

been drawn up by Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., late President of the

Linnean Society of London. It is somewhat out of its proper

sequence, but has been included, as the descriptions were ready for

publication.

In addition, therefore, to the account of the Rubiaeeous genus

Psychotria, with 29 Malayan Peninsular species, of which 11 are new

to science, this fasciculus contains accounts of the Malayan members

of 11 Natural Orders, including 48 genera and 81 species, of which 2

genera and 17 species are new to science.

Nat. Ord. LIX. RUBIACEiE.

53. Psychotbia, Linn.

Shrubs or small trees, erect or occasionally climbing or twining;

rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely in whorls of 3 or 4. Stipules

free in pairs, or connate, often with glands or hairs, deciduous or

persistent. Flozvers rather small, in terminal, rarely axillary, cymes

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

corymbs or fascicles, braeteolate or not, never involucrate (in the

Malayan species). Calyx-tube short ; the limb persistent in part

or deciduous. Corolla-tube straight, short ; the throat naked or hairy ;

the lobes of the mouth 5, rarely 4 to 6, valvate in bud. Stamens as

many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the throat or mouth ; anthers

linear or obtuse, attached dorsally near the base to short or long

filaments. Ovary 2-celled ; style long or short, bifid ; ovules often

cuneiform, solitary, erect from the base of each cell. Fruit small,

baccate or drupe-like, ovoid globose or oblong, smooth or ridged,

composed of two plano-convex, 1-celled, 1-seeded pyrenes ; or didymous

and separating into two cocci. Seeds plano-convex, the ventral surface

grooved or plane, the dorsal smooth, ridged or suleate ; testa thin,

albumen hard ; embryo small, basal ; cotyledons broad, thin ; radicle

inferior. — D istbib. Species about 550 ; tropical or sub-tropical.

Seandent : —

Flowers 4-merous : —

Panicles lax ; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate . . 1. P. laxiflora.

Flowers 5-merous : —

Seeds with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface plane

Flowers sessile in small capitula at the ends of the

branches of the cymes : —

Leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic, 1'75 to 2-5 in. broad ;

inflorescence puberulous . . . . . . 2. P. ? norindteflora.

Leaves narrowly elliptic, less than l - 25 in. broad ;

inflorescence coarsely pubescent . . . . 3. P. Maingayi.

Flowers pedicellate in cymosely branched cymes : —

Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, the midrib

sometimes pubescent on the lower surface, otherwise

glabrous ; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs ; petioles • 4 to

•75 in. long; fruit -25 in. long .. ..4. P. sarmentosa.

Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, main-nerves 4 to 6

pairs ; petioles -4 to ’8 in. long ; fruit -35 in. long . . 5. P. Kunstleri.

Leaves broadly obovate or sub-ovate ; main-nerves 5

to 10 pairs ; petioles -5 to 1-5 in. ; fruit -4 in. long. . 6. P. penangensis.

Seeds with 3 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface plane : —

Flowers pedicellate, in cymosely branched paniculate

cymes; fruit narrowly ellipsoid .. ..7. P Scortechinii.

Flowers on short pedicels in globular cymes at the ends

of the branches of the panicles : —

Leaves and stems glabrous ; fruit subglobose, -2 in.

long . . . . . . . . . . 8. P. pilulifera.

Leaves and stems and inflorescence rusty-pubescent 9. P. ovoidea.

Seeds with more than 4 ridges on both dorsal and ventral

surfaces . . . . . . . . . . 10. P. Ridleyi.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Seeds faintly ridged on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface with a shallow groove .. .. 11 . P. polycarpa.

Erect shrubs, usually small : —

Flowers 4-merous : —

Leaves with a strong pale intra-marginal nerve . . 12. P. calocarpa.

Flowers 5-merous : —

Flowers shortly pedicellate, in dense globular cymules at

the ends of the long-peduncled branches of a terminal

umbellate cyme ; leaves deciduously puberulous, with

9 to 13 pairs of main-nerves ; fruit -3 in. long ; seeds

4-ridged on the dorsal surface, slightly concave on the

ventral . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. P. multicapitulata.

Flowers sub-sessile, in short condensed dichotomous sessile

axillary cymes; leaves with scurfy pubescence and 8 to 11

pairs of main-nerves ; seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal and

broadly grooved on the ventral surface . . . . 14. P. tortilis.

Flowers in a terminal umbellately branching cyme

Seeds with a single dorsal ridge, the ventral ' surf ace

plane : —

Leaves quite glabrous : —

Leaves 6 to 10 in. long ; main-nerves 12 to 15

pairs . . . . . . . . 15. P. Griffithii.

Leaves usually under 6 in. long, main-nerves 8 to

10 pairs .. .. .. ..16. P.angulata.

Leaves adpressed-pubescent, 6 to 12 in. long . . 17. P. Helferiana.

Seeds with a single dorsal ridge, the ventral surface

with a groove ; leaves 5 to 8 in. long, quite glabrous,

main-nerves 7 to 8, rarely 10 pairs . . . . 18. P. montana.

Seeds with 5 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface plane : —

Leaves glabrous : —

Leaves oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, 3-5

to 8 in. long ; fruit - 25 in. long . . . . 19. P. viridiflora.

Leaves softly pubescent

Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, the bases cuneate

rounded or cordate, 3\5 to -5 in. long ; fruit '25 to

•3 in. long . . . . . . . . 20. P. Birchiana.

Leaves elliptic, the upper surface glabrous except

the midrib, 5 to 7 in. long ; fruit - 45 in. long . . 21. P. fulva.

Seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal surface and 2-grooved on

the ventral ; leaves glabrous on the upper surface,

their margins crenulate . . . . . . 22. P. fulvoidea.

Seeds with 5 ridges on the dorsal surface and 1 ridge

on the ventral ; leaves glabrous, usually oblanceolate 23. P. stipulacea.

Seeds 4-ridged on the dorsal surface, plane on the

ventral : —

Leaves elliptic, tapering equally to each end, 9- to

10-nerved ; calyx-lobes very long caudate-acuminate 24. P. Curtisii.

Leaves obovate-oblong or obovate-oblanceolate, 10- to

14-nerved ; calyx-lobes short, broad, blunt . . 25. P. rhinocerotis.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Seeds with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface and a faint

groove on the ventral ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-

lanceolate, 12- to 18-nerved . . . . . , 26. P. malayana.

Species Imperfectly Known.

Psychotria Wrayi, No. 27.

„ inayualis , No. 28.

,, condensa, No. 29.

1. Psychotria laxiflora, Blume Bijdr. 964. Scandent or epiphy-

tic, glabrous except the inflorescence ; young branches slightly thicker

than a crow-quill, terete, dark-coloured, brown, shining. Leaves

membranous, narrowly elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, much acuminate,

the base cuneate ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower

the paler, midrib distinct ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, faint, curved,

ascending; length 2 to 4 in.; breadth ■ 5 to 1 in.; petiole -15 to - 2 in.

long. Stipules forming a tube from -15 to -3 in. long, sharply toothed.

Panicles solitary, terminal, lax, more than half as long as the leaves,

on naked peduncles about 1 in. long ; branches cymose, with small

acute bracteoles at their bases, puberulous. Flowers -15 to '2 in. long,

puberulous, -in cymules of three at the ends of the branchlets; their

pedicels short, with broad acute caducous bracteoles at their bases.

Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, the mouth sub-truncate or obscurely

4 toothed. Corolla longer than the calyx, broadly clavate in bud,

funnel-shaped ; the mouth with 4 broad obtuse lobes, throat sericeous.

Anthers 4, elliptic, blunt, sub-sessile. Fruit clavate-ellipsoid, with 8

vertical ridges (2 of them double), glabrous ; seeds with 4 bold ridges

on the dorsal surface ; the ventral surface quite flat. Miq. FI. Ind.

Bat. II. 187.

Singapore : Bidley 13, 4828. Johore : Bidley. Perak : King’s

Collector 4117, 8428; Wray 110.— Distrib. Sumatra, Forbes 1297,

1309, 1710, 2466 ; Java, Hoarders 23550b.

2. Psychotria morindjeflora, Wall. Cat. 8438 A.B.C. in part. A

woody climber, 15 to 20 feet long, glabrous except the puberulous

inflorescence ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown

when dry, terete, somewhat thickened at the nodes, the internodes

minutely lenticellate and faintly striate. Leaves coriaceous, ovate to

elliptic, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, shortly and rather bluntly acumi-

nate, the base slightly cuneate or rarely rounded ; upper surface oliva-

ceous-greenish when dry, the lower purplish-brown ; the midrib

channelled on the upper surface, prominent on the lower ; main-nerves

6 to 8 pairs, rather straight, spreading, thin but rather distinct on both

surfaces when dry ; length 3 to 4-5 in. ; breadth 1-75 to 2-5 in. ; petiole

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

~2 to '5 in. Stipules caducous, leaving a pale narrow scar between the

petioles. Cymes terminal, about 2 in., rarely 3 in. long; the branches

compressed and angled, scurfy-puberulous, two of them springing from

the base, the other three umbellate at the apex of the main axis, each

bearing at its apex a dense, many-flowered, minutely braeteolate

capitulum less than • 5 in. in diam. Flowers '2 in. long, sessile.

Calyx cupular, the mouth with 5 small blunt teeth. Corolla twice as

long as the calyx ; the mouth with 5 deep oblong blunt lobes ; throat

densely sericeous. Anthers 5, short, elliptic, basifixed on stout fila-

ments. Style cylindric, thickened upwards ; stigma of 2 broad lobes.

Fruit short, compressed ovoid-elliptic, with 8 vertical ridges (2 of

them double) crowned by the small calyx, • 25 in. long and -15 in.

in diam. from front to back ; seeds with 4 dorsal ridges ; ventral

surface plane. Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 166. Psychotria ? Wall.

Cat. 8355.

Perak : King’s Collector 2585, 2665 ; Scortechini 1826 ; Wray 4001.

Penang : Wallich ; Curtis 478.

3. Psychotria Maingayi, Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 166. A slender

woody climber ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, pubes-

cent, ultimately pale and glabrous. Leaves thickly membranous, nar-

rowly elliptic, caudate-acuminate, the base much narrowed ; both

surfaces glabrous, when dry pale olivaceous, the upper rather the

darker ; main-nerves about 6 pairs, indistinct on both surfaces

like the midrib ; length 2 to 3'25 in. ; breadth '65 to P2 in. ; petiole

•1 to -2 in., slender. Stipules cartilaginous, persistent, connate into a

tube - 15 in. long with a few hairs at the truncate and toothed or acute

apex. Cymes axillary, on slender, compressed, coarsely pubescent

peduncles shorter than the leaves, few-branched. Flowers sessile,

bracteoles linear. Calyx much longer than the pubescent ovary, widely

campanulate ; the lobes ovate-triangular, caudate-acuminate, spreading.

Corolla unknown. Fruit broadly ellipsoid, with 8 deep vertical grooves,

pale, nearly glabrous when ripe, -2 in. long.

Singapore : Maingay (K.D.) 926 ; Ridley 6924.

4. Psychotria sarmentosa, Blume Bijdr. 964. Scandent ; woody ;

young stems thinner than a goose-quill, pale, glabrous. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, acute or shortly and abruptly

acuminate, much narrowed at the base, edges slightly recurved ; both

surfaces pale brown tinged with olivaceous when dry, minutely reticu-

late ; the upper glabrous, the lower sometimes pubescent only on the

stout midrib ; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curving slightly upwards,

faint ; length 2'5 to 4 in. ; breadth 1 to 1-75 in. ; petioles '4 to '75 in.,

winged above. Stipules broad at the base, the apex caudate-acuminate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

Cymes terminal, puberulous, shorter than the leaves, on short peduncles,

cymosely branched ; the branches angled, spreading, many-flowered ;

braeteoles minute, linear. Flowers about -15 in. long, puberulous out-

side, on short pedicels. Calyx campanulate, with 5 short triangular

teeth. Corolla villous at the base in the interior. Fruit ellipsoid,

•25 in. long, with 10 vertical ridges (2 of them double). Seeds with

4 dorsal ridges, the ventral surface plane. DC. Prod. IV. 522 ; Wight

Ic. 1038 ; Thwaites Enum. PL Ceyl. 148 ; Kurz For. FI. Burrn. II.

14; Hook. fil. FI. Hr. Ind. III. 165. P. obovata, Wall. Cat. 8380.

Gncmilea Junghuhniana, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 296. Psychotria sp.,

Wall. Cat. 8382, 8352 ?, 8384.

Singapore : Ridley 2874, 2875, 9112. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.)

3043. Perak : King's Collector 4967, 7572. Penang : King 1346 ;

Curtis 951, 2781. — Distrib. Burma, Wallich ; Heifer (K.D.) 3041,

&c. ; Indian Peninsula ; Ceylon ; Malay Archipelago ; Andaman Islands.

Var. pachyphylla, King & Gamble. Leaves thickly coriaceous,

shining, greenish when dry, 3 to 4 in. long ; fruit '25 in. long, sub-

globular.

Penang : Ridley 9363 ; Curtis 2215.

5. PsYCjHOTRiA Kunstleri, n. sp., King & Gamble. A glabrous

epiphyte with slightly angled stems thinner than a goose-quill, pale

yellowish when dry. Leaves succulent, glossy and bluish-green when

fresh, but yellow on both surfaces and dull when dry, narrowly elliptic-

oblong, rarely oblong-oblanceolate, gradually and equally tapering to

each end ; the midrib bold, channelled on the upper surface ; main-

nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spreading, very indistinct; length 3 to 5'5 in.;

breadth '8 to l - 4 in. ; petioles -4 to '8 in. long. Stipules forming a car-

tilaginous persistent cup with an entire mouth, about -1 in. long. Cyme

solitary, umbellate, terminal, longer than the leaves (the naked peduncle

of 2 to 3 in. being included), lax, from 2 to 4 in. broad; branches

spreading, dividing near their apices into umbellate cymes ; braeteoles

few, linear, acute. Floivers not seen : on basally bracteolate pedicels

as long as themselves. Fruit '35 in. long, ellipsoid, deeply 10-grooved,

crowned by the rather large remains of the 5-toothed calyx, 10-ridged.

Seeds dorsally 4-ridged, the ventral surface flat.

Perak : Scortechini ; King’s Collector 1886, 4953, 6588 ; Wray

2230. — Distrib. Sumatra, Forbes 2823.

6. Psychotria penangensis, Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 175. A

shrubby epiphyte or climber, 8 to 12 feet long, all parts except the

inflorescence glabrous ; young branches slightly compressed, thinner

than a goose-quill, dark-coloured. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly

elliptic-obovate or sub-ovate, shortly and abruptly triangular, acumi-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nate, much narrowed at the base into the broad petiole ; both sur-

faces brown when dry, the upper slightly olivaceous; the midrib

broad, channelled on the upper surface, main-nerves 5 to 10 pairs,

spreading, thin, distinct on the lower surface ; length 3 to 4-5 in. ;

breadth 1-5 to 2'5 in. ; petiole '5 to 1-5 in. long, slightly winged

above. Stipules broadly ovate, sub-acute or blunt, sub-tubular, some-

times bifid, -2 to -4 in. long. Cymes umbellate, solitary or terminal,

pedunculate, as long as or longer than the leaves (including the com-

pressed naked 1 to 2 in. long peduncle) ; primary branches long,

spreading ; the ultimate umbels with broad-based subulate unequal

bracteoles. Flowers -2 to -25 in. long, sessile or on short pedicels;

bracts -25 in. long. Calyx-tube obconic, its teeth triangular. Corolla

longer than the calyx, shortly and widely tubular, deeply divided into

5 broad lobes thickened near the apex, the apex itself sharp and

indexed, glabrous inside except for the ring of hair in the throat at

the insertion of the short filaments. Anthers elliptic, blunt, entire.

Fruit ellipsoid, compressed, with 10 obtuse vertical ridges (2 of them

double), glabreseent, crowned by the rather large calyx; length -4 in. ;

breadth '25 in. Seeds 2, plano-convex, the dorsal surface with 4 blunt

ridges, the ventral surface plane.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 920. Singapore : Bidley 2870. Perak:

Scortechini 2034 ; King’s Collector 3049, 4591, 10723. Selangor :

Bidley 7425. Pangkore : Curtis 1621.

7. Psychotria Scortechinii , n. sp., King & Gamble. A climber,,

all parts glabrous ; young branches pale brown, thicker than a crow-

quill, terete, smooth. Leaves membranous, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly

elliptic, acuminate, the base narrowed or rarely rounded ; both surfaces

brown when dry (the lower slightly paler) , the midrib prominent ; main-

nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved, spreading, not prominent ; length 2'5 to

4 in. ; breadth 1 to 1-5 in. ; petiole '15 to -2 in. Stipules oblong, acute,

connate at their bases, '15 to '2 in. long, caducous. Cymes paniculate,

solitary, terminal, rarely axillary, spreading, lax, cymosely branched, in

flower as long as or nearly as long as the leaves, in fruit longer, the

branches bracteolate, angled, divaricating. Flowers on the ultimate

branchlets in threes, -15 in. long, on short pedicels, each with a bracteole

at the base. Calyx cupular, with 5 short acute teeth. Corolla longer

than the calyx, cylindric, with short triangular lobes, the throat with

tufts of yellowish hairs between the 5 stamens. Anthers on short

filaments. Style cylindric, stigma 2-lobed. Fruit narrowly ellipsoid,

tapering to each end, sometimes clavate, slightly compressed, 8-ridged

(2 being double), crowned by the calyx, '35 in. long and '2 in. in diam.

Seeds with 3 broad dofsal ridges, ventral surface plane.

8 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : Scortechini 311, 404, 426 ; King’s Collector 897, 2566,

5373.

This closely resembles P. laxiflora, BL, but has 5-merous flowers and longer, less

clavate fruit.

8. Psychotria pilulifera, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small tree

or climber ; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches

about as thick as a crow-quill, terete, pale brown when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, narrowly elliptic, much tapered to both ends ; both surfaces

olivaceous when dry, the lower slightly the paler ; main-nerves 6 or

7 pairs, inconspicuous, the midrib bold beneath when dry ; length 2-5 to

3-5 in.; breadth -75 to 1 in. ; petiole -35 to -4 in. long, slender. Inflores-

cence a terminal, few-branched, puberulous panicle of condensed 8-10-

flowered globular cymes. Floivcrs and their short pedicels minutely

tomentose. Calyx shortly campanulate, the mouth with 5 spreading

triangular acute lobes. Corolla tubular ; the lobes oblong, broad, with

small inflexed apices. Anthers 5, attached to the throat by short fila-

ments surrounded by coarse hair. Fruit sub-globose, with 10 bold

vertical ridges (2 of them double), crowned by the small calyx, -2 long

and - 15 in. in diam. Seeds with 3 bold ridges on the dorsal surface ;

ventral surface plane.

Perak, at elevations of 3,000 to 5,000 feet : Wray 287, 398, 434, 946,

3870.

9. Psychotria ovoidea, Wall. Cat. 8383. A slender woody climber,

20 to 40 feet long ; stems thinner than a goose-quill, densely rusty-

pubescent. Leaves with recurved margins, coriaceous, ovate- or

elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded,

sometimes minutely cordate ; upper surface olivaceous when dry,

glabrous, the main-nerves depressed ; the lower brown, pubescent on

the stout midrib and 5 to 7 pairs of prominent curved ascending main-

nerves, puberulous on the interspaces; length P5 to 2-5 in.; breadth -85

to 1-25 in. ; petioles ‘15 to -25 in. long. Stipules connate, ovate-lanceo-

late, -25 in. long, caducous. Cymes -75 to 2 in. in diam., trichotomous,

solitary, terminal, rusty-pubescent, on angled peduncles -5 to 1 in. long.

Floivers about -15 in. long, on short pedicels, crowded in dense cymes

at the ends of the branches and mixed with linear bracteoles. Calyx

campanulate, with 5 spreading acute teeth. Corolla twice as long as

the calyx, salver-shaped, with 5 lobes, the tube villous inside. Fruit

ovoid-globose, '15 in. long, the apex crowned by the calyx, the sides

with 6 faint vertical ridges. Seeds faintly 3-ridged on the dorsal surface ;

the ventral surface broad, flat. Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 166.

Singapore : Wallich, Seeman 2348. Malacca : Maingay (K.D.)

923 ; Ridley 97, 8407.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

10. Psychotria Ridleyi, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub ;

all parts glabrous except the inflorescence ; stems half as thick as a

goose-quill, terete, greenish when dry. Leaves membranous, oblong-

to elliptic-oblanceolate, the apex abruptly and very shortly acuminate,

the base much narrowed, both surfaces pale olivaceous when dry, the

midrib rather prominent, the upper sometimes with scattered minute,

adpressed white hairs ; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, slightly curved, spread-

ing, faint on both surfaces ; length 3 to 5'5 i<n. ; breadth 1'25 to 2'25 in. ;

petioles -4 to -8 in. long, winged near the apex. Stipules broadly ovate,

subacute, '1 in. long. Cyme on a peduncle about 1 in. long (longer in

fruit), corymbosely branched, the bracts at the forks linear-lanceolate.

Floivers in cymules of three, everywhere canescent, on short pedicels

bibracteolate at the base. Calyx campanulate with elongated tube ;

the mouth with 5 erect ovate-triangular lobes. Corolla longer

than the calyx ; the tube short, slightly villous at the base

near the insertion of the broad sub-sessile anthers ; the 5 lobes

broadly ovate, acute. Fruit ovoid- ellipsoid, 12-ridged, crowned by

the small calyx, -3 to -4 in. long. Seeds many-ridged on both dorsal

and ventral surfaces.

Singapore: Ridley 48, 10818. Johore : Ridley 6472. Malacca:

on Mt. Ophir, Hullett 811 ; Goodenougli 1363.

11. Psychotria polycarpa, Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 165. A

climber, glabrous except the inflorescence ; young branches thinner

than a goose-quill, terete, when dry dark-coloured. Leaves coriaceous,

ovate- or obovate-lanceolate to obovate- or ovate-rotund, the apex in the

narrower forms shortly and bluntly acuminate, in the broader abruptly

and bluntly apiculate; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the upper

somewhat shining, the lower dull and darker, the midrib prominent on

both ; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, spreading, faint on both surfaces ;

length 2 to 3 in. ; breadth -75 to 1'75 in. ; petioles '3 to -6 in. Stipules

very short, connate to form a collar, caducous. Panicles large,

umbellately cymose, longer than the leaves (sometimes very much so) ;

their branches numerous, spreading, puberulous, with minute bracteoles

at the divisions. Floivers -15 in. long, numerous, in ultimate cymules

of 2 or 3, shortly pedicellate. Calyx thick, minutely pubescent, shortly

campanulate or sub-cupular, the mouth with 5 acute teeth or subentire.

Corolla longer than the calyx, salver-shaped, its 5 lobes spreading,

lanceolate, acute, the throat sericeous ; anthers 5, elliptic. Fruit

ellipsoid, tapered to the base, and the apex crowned by the rather large

remains of the calyx ; obscurely ridged; '15 in. long and '1 in. in diam. ;

sometimes sub-globular, the epicarp somewhat pulpy. Seeds slightly

•convex and faintly ridged on the dorsal surface, the ventral with a broad

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

shallow groove. P. ohovata, Wall. Cat. 8380a. Grumilea polycarpa,.

Miq. PL Ind. Bat. II. 295.

Singapore : Bidley 2029. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3042 ; Main-

gay (K.D.) 924 ; H-ullett 402. Johore : Bidley 4090, 11160. Penang:

Curtis 1095. Perak : Wray and King’s Collector many numbers.

Distrib. — Java, King ; Forbes 1061 ; Koorders 28043b.

12. Psychotria calocarpa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soe. Beng., 1872, II.

315. A glabrous shrub 2 to 4 feet high ; young branches thinner than

a goose-quill, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves thickly membranous,

oblong-oblaneeolate or oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate at the

apex, much attenuate at the base, the edges sometimes broadly cren ate;

both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the midrib and nerves broad, distinct

and pale ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading and

interarching to form a bold pale intramarginal nerve '1 to -15 in. from

the edge ; length 5 to 8 in. ; breadth 1-65 to 2-5 in. ; petiole ’75 to

1-25 in., slightly winged near the apex. Stipules broadly triangular,

acuminate, membranous, sometimes bifid, -2 in. long. Cymes terminal

or axillary, sessile or shortly pedunculate, shorter than the petioles,

about P25 in. across and '5 in. long, branched from near the base,

the branches compressed, trichotomous ; the braeteoles lanceolate,

acuminate. Floivers '2 in. long, on short pedicels. Calyx with a

short cylindric tube and 4 longer oblong blunt sub-erect concave lobes.

Corolla exceeding the calyx, narrowly campanulate, bluntly 4-lobed,

the throat densely sericeous, otherwise glabrous. Fruit sub-globose or

ovoid, sub-compressed; the epicarp fleshy, glabrous, rugulose when

dry ; -3 in. in breadth and rather less in length, the persistent calyx-

lobes small. Seeds large, the dorsal surface faintly 1-ridged, the ventral

deeply grooved. Kurz Por. FI. Burm. II. 9; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind.

III. 173. P. asiatica, Wall, in Boxb. PI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 160;

Wall. Cat. 8331 : not of Linn. nor of Eoxb. P. viridiflora, Reinw.

var. undulata, Kurz Por. FI. Burm. II. 13. P. picta, Wall. Cat. 8353 ;

and Psychotria, l.c. 8359.

Perak: Bidley 7199 ; Wray WOO) King’s Collector 1930, 2348, 6798,

10772; Scortechini. Malacca: Harvey. — Distrib. Himalaya, Assam,

Burma.

This plant is very common in the lower Himalaya, Assam, and Burma. In the

Flora of British India it is described as herbaceous, but the Malayan specimens are all

woody. The leaves are always readily distinguished, when dry, by the pale broad main-

nerves and by the very conspicuous intra-marginal nerve. In Malaya the plant is

glabrous, but in the Indian specimens the under surfaces of the leaves are deciduously

puberulous.

13. Psychotria multicapitata, n. sp. King & Gamble. An erect

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

much-branched shrub 3 to 7 feet high ; young branches thinner than a

goose-quill, slightly compressed, swollen at the nodes, pale, deciduously

puberulous. Leaves thinly membranous, greenish when dry, broadly

obovate-lanceolate, oblong or elliptic, abruptly and shortly caudate-

acuminate, the base narrowed to the rather short petiole ; upper surface

quite glabrous ; the lower scurfy-puberulous on the broad midrib and

9 to 13 pairs of curved spreading main-nerves ; length 5 to 10 in. ;

breadth 2'5 to 4 in. ; petiole '75 to 1‘15 in. Stipules free, broadly trian-

gular, -15 in. long. Cymes terminal, solitary, peduncled, about 2 in. long

(including the peduncle) and the same in breadth, umbellately branched

from near the base ; the ultimate branches numerous, bearing terminal

many-flowered globular minutely bracteolate cymules, about '5 in. in

diam., the common peduncle about an inch or more long, the branches

shorter, all puberulous. Floivers on short puberulous pedicels, ovoid in

bud, about -15 in, long when expanded. Calyx cupular, with 5 or 6

triangular acute sub-erect teeth. Corolla longer than the calyx, the

tube cylindric and, like the throat, densely white-sericeous inside ;

lobes of the limb short, triangular, deflexed. Anthers bifid at the base.

Style thick, bifid, longer than the corolla. Fruit ellipsoid-obovoid,

10-ridged, crowned by the small calyx, glabrous, - 3 in. long. Seed

dorsally with 4 faint ridges, ventrally somewhat concave.

Pebak : Scortechini 214, 291 ; King’s Collector 436, 867, 2862, 5402,

7380, 7513, 10559.

14. Pschyoteia tortilis, Blume Bijdr. 958. Stem woody below,

erect, 6 to 18 in. high, not branched, cinereous, 4-angled, sparsely

covered with short coarse scurfy hairs. Leaves membranous, broadly

elliptic or ovate-elliptic, the apex acute or sub-acute, narrowed from

below the middle to the petiole ; upper surface when dry dark green,

the lower pale, glaucous, minutely lepidote ; the 8 to 11 pairs of slightly

curved spreading main-nerves covered with minute short coarse

deciduous dark-coloured hairs ; length 4 to 6 in.; breadth P75 to 3 in. ,

petioles -5 to 2 in., compressed, scurfy-pubescent. Stipules broadly tri-

angular, much acuminate, bifid, - 15 to '3 in. long. Cymes solitary, sessile,

axillary, dichotomous, many-flowered, condensed, '5 in. to 1 in. long and

as much broad. Flowers '15 in. long, on short ebracteolate pedicels.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 triangular spreading teeth, covered with coarse

hair. Corolla longer than the calyx, narrowly campanulate, with

5 ovate acute lobes, hairy like the calyx. Anthers 5, sessile, oblong,

blunt, included. Style shorter than the calyx ; stigmas short, linear,

divergent. Fruit crowned by the small calyx-lobes, reniform, pale with

numerous short vertical brown streaks, and stiff short white hairs, 1 in.

broad and less in length ; the dorsal surface of each of the two

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cartilaginous cocci with 3 bold ridges. Seeds bluntly 5-ridged on the

dorsal, broadly grooved on the ventral surface. DC. Prod. IY. 520 ;

Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 169. P. microcar pa, Wall. Cat. 8344.

Strcblosa tortilis, Korth. Kruidk. Arch. II. 246.

Penang : Wallich 8344 ; Curtis 405, 1269. Singapoke : Lobb.

Pebak : King’s Collector 710, 2627 ; Scortechini. — Distrib. Sumatra,

Forbes 1495.

15. Psychotria Griffithii, Hook. fil. PL Br. Ind. III. 171. A

shrub ; glabrous except the puberulous inflorescence ; young branches

thinner than a goose-quill, terete, of a dark colour when dry. Leaves

■coriaceous, oblong or elliptic, shortly and somewhat abruptly acumi-

nate, the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved and pale, both

surfaces drying olivaceous-green, shining, the midrib and the 12 to

15 pairs of curved spreading main-nerves distinct ; length 6 to 10 in. ;

breadth 1-75 to 3'5 in. ; petiole -4 to -8 in., slightly winged above,

stout. Stipules broadly triangular, sub-acute, "2 to -3 in. long. Cymes

terminal, solitary, pyramidal, about 1'5 in. long and the same in

breadth, on naked compressed peduncles 1-5 in. or more long (lengthen-

ing to 2 in. or more in fruit) ; branches short, stout, puberulous,

ebracteolate ; the ultimate ones bearing the shortly pedicelled flowers

in cymules of three. Flowers -2 in. long. Calyx campanulate, with

■5 broadly triangular acute sub-erect teeth. Corolla as long as the

calyx, fleshy, tubular, with 5 broad oblong hooded lobes ; the tube

finely sericeous inside, otherwise glabrous. Anthers 5, broadly oblong,

entire, dorsifixed ; the filaments thin, compressed, broad. Style short,

with 2 broad flat lobes. Fruit elliptic, slightly obovoid, the apex sub-

truncate, crowned by the remains of the disk and calyx, glabrous, black

when dry, -4 in. long and -35 in. broad ; with 4 broad vertical ridges, two

of them grooved externally and consisting of two ridges united, the

other two single ; 2-celled, and 2-seeded. Seeds large, the dorsal

surface with a single ridge, the ventral flat, not grooved, everywhere

smooth.

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3044; Maingay (K.D.) 918; Hervey ;

Derry 367. Perak : Ridley 2873. Singapore : Ridley 2872, 2873,

6314, 6468, 6556; Hullett 848.

16. Psychotria angulata, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 243.

A shrub 4 to 6 ft. high, glabrous except the inflorescence ; young

branches pale brown when dry, thinner than a goose-quill, terete.

Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate to oblanceolate-elliptic, the apex shortly

and rather abruptly acuminate, the base much narrowed ; both surfaces

brown when dry, tinged with olivaceous ; the upper very shining, the

broad midrib and nerves depressed ; the lower less shining, the midrib

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

very prominent, and the 8 to 10 pairs of spreading nerves thin but

distinct; length 4 to 6 in. ; breadth 1 to 1'75 in. ; petiole '2 to '5 in.,

slightly winged near the apex. Stipules broadly triangular, acute, sub-

acute or bifid, -25 in. long. Cyme solitary, terminal, pyramidal, about

1'5 in. long, on a naked peduncle 1'25 to 3 in. long; branches whorled,

shortly bracteolate at their bases, spreading ; the ultimate branchlets

crowded at their ends with numerous sessile flowers -25 in. long.

Calyx pale, widely cupular, '05 in. long, with irregular small teeth.

Corolla thick, tubular, its 5 broad lobes with acute indexed apices ; the

throat densely sericeous. Anthers elliptic, blunt, on short filaments.

Fruit ovoid or narrowly obovoid, pulpy, obscurely ridged, glabrous,

crowned by the small calyx, '5 in. long and half as much broad (unripe),

2-celled. Seeds 2, plano-convex. Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. IY.

210; Hook. fil. El. Br. Ind. III. 172. Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8348.

Chasalia perforata, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 546.

Malacca: Griffith ( K.D.) 3037. Province Wellesley : Ridley 7026.

Johore : Ridley 11161. Singapore : Ridley 2867. Pahang : Ridley

1353. Penang : Curtis 14, 726 ; King's Collector 1683. Perak :

King’s Collector 4170. — Disthib. Burma.

17. Psychotria Helferiana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872,

II. 314. A shrub ; the whole plant more or less rusty-pubescent ;

young branches as thick as a goose-quill or thicker, the pubescence

dense and deciduous. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic or oblong-

elliptic, rarely obovate-elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base usually

cuneate but sometimes rounded ; both surfaces dark brown when dry,

the lower somewhat tinged with red and less hairy than the upper ;

the hairs on both adpressed and very numerous on the stout midrib,

less so on the 9 to 16 pairs of spreading curved main-nerves ; length

6 to 12 in. ; breadth 2'5 to 4'5 in. ; petioles 1 to 1'75 in. Stipules

broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, often as much as 1 in. long, the

apex acuminately bifid. Flowers -2 in. long, numerous, mixed with many

unequal bracteoles mostly longer than themselves, all acuminate and

some of them bifid and crowded in dense pedunculate capitula in a

few-branehed axillary cyme usually shorter than the leaf-petioles.

Calyx-tohe narrowly campanulate, with 5 lanceolate erect lobes nearly

as long as itself, everywhere pilose. Corolla similar to the calyx, but

smaller and less hairy. Stamens almost sessile ; anthers broad, blunt.

Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, somewhat compressed and boldly 8-ridged,

crowned by the lobes of the calyx, -3 in. long and - 2 in. in diam. Kurz

For. PL Burm. II. 11 : Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 172.

Singapore : Wallich 8368 ; Goodenough 184 ; Maingay (K.D.) 921.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 921 ; Ridley 184 ; Lobb. Johore : Ridley

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

11159; King; Hullett 507. Perak : King's Collector 4345, 4661.

— Distrib. Burma.

Var. diffusa, King & Gamble. Capitula in spreading pedunculate

panicles several inches in diam.

Perak : Scortechini 400. Johore : Ridley 3732. Singapore :

Hullett.

Var. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong,

not more than 2 in. in width ; capitulum solitary, sessile.

Singapore : King. — Distrib. Andamans.

Var. glabra, King & Gamble. Leaves glabrous.

Perak : Wray 1963.

18. Psychotria Montana, BlumeBijdr. 960. A stout glabrous shrub ;

young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, angled, brown when dry.

Leaves thinly membranous, on rather long petioles, elliptic or elliptic-

oblong, ■acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces greenish or

olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower the paler ; main-nerves 7 to 8

pairs (rarely 10 pairs) curving upwards, pale and bold like the midrib on

the lower surface, faint on the upper ; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth P75

to 35 in.; petioles -4 to 1-25 in., winged near the apex. Stipules

connate by their short broad bases, the apices caudate-acuminate,

curved. Cymes terminal, paniculate, on angled peduncles '5 to 1'25 in.

in length ; branches spreading, angled, bearing numerous shortly pedi-

celled flowers in cymules of three. Floioers -25 in. long. Calyx

cupular with 5 broad spreading triangular teeth. Corolla with sub-

campanulate tube having a broad band of hairs inside in the upper

half ; the lobes of the mouth 5, broad, acute, reflexed. Fruit ellipsoid-

ovoid to ellipsoid, boldly 4-ridged, glabrous, -25 to -3 in. long. Seeds :

the dorsal surface with a single ridge, the ventral deeply concave,

grooved. DC. Prod. IV. 521; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 174. P.

viridissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, II. 315 ; Por. FI.

Burm. II. 13. Cliasalia montana, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 281. C. ex-

pansa, var. montana, Miq. MS. Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8371, 8378, and

Rubiacece, 8339. Coffea tabaccifolia, Wall. Cat. 8334.

Perak: Scortechini; Ridley, 2922; King’s Collector, 452, 2190;

Wray 276.— Distrib. Sumatra, Forbes 1566, 1862, 2201, 2241, 2330.

Java: Blume ; Forbes 271, 759, &e. Burma; Assam; Sylhet (Griffith

K.D.) 3047.

Var. brevipetiolata, King & Gamble. Leaves with petioles -2 to

■4 in. long.

Perak. Scortechini 277, 1513 ; Wray 1628, 2289 ; King's Collector

389, 922, 1954, 2190, 4707, 6111, 8596. Selangor : Ridley 10583.

P ahang : Ridley 5831. Malacca : on Mt. Ophir, Hullett 762

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

19. Psyghotria viridiflora, Beinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 965. A small

tree or a bush, all parts, except the inflorescence, glabrous ; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown. Leaves membranous,

oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, shortly and stoutly acuminate,

the base much narrowed ; both surfaces brown when dry ; main-nerves

8 to 14 pairs, curved, spreading, rather faint on both surfaces ; length

3-5 to 8 in. ; breadth 1-25 to 2-5 in. ; petiole -4 to -75 in. occasionally as

much as 1'25 in. long. Stipules broadly oblong, narrowed to the apex,

but not acute, - 3 to -5 in. long, deciduous. Cymes on naked peduncles

(•3 to 1‘5 in. long) in broad panicles 1 to 2 in. long and as much wide

(more when in fruit) ; branches divaricating, puberulous, with small

broad bracteoles. Flowers in small cymes, on the ultimate branches,

•1 in. long, on short pedicels, glabrous outside. Calyx cupular with

irregular, short, sharp teeth. Corolla longer than the calyx, widely

tubular, with 5 broad sub-acute lobes ; the throat sericeous. Anthers 5,

oblong, blunt, attached by short filaments in the throat. Fruit elliptic,

with a wide shallow areola on the apex, the sides with 10 bold vertical

ridges (2 of them double), glabrous, about '25 in. long and -2 in. in

diam. Seeds plano-convex, the convexity deeply 5-grooved, the ventral

surface flat. P. sulcata , Wall. Cat. 8370 ; Hook. fil. PL Br. Ind. III.

168. P. Jackii, Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 167.

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3021; Goodenougli 1878; Derry 457,

1224 ; Bidley 1600. Pangkore : Curtis 1369. Trang : Wray 2778.

Negri Sembilan: Ridley 1930. Selangor: Bidley 7434. Perak:

Scortechini; Ridley 2919, 3067; Wray 290,2027, 2778, 2956; King’s

Collector 2655, 4275, 4374, 5964, 6327, 7224. Penang : Wallich 8343,

8370. — Disteib. Burma, Heifer & Griffith (K.D.) 3040; Sumatra,

Forbes; Java , Blume ; Borneo, Beccari ; Motley; Haviland.

20. Psychotria Birchiana, n. sp., King & Gamble. Herbaceous;

woody at the base ; all parts softly rusty-pubescent ; stems 6 to 18 in.

high, thinner than a goose-quill, their pubescence crisped, dense, coarse,

and entirely or partly deciduous. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic

to elliptic-oblong, sometimes sub-obovate, acute, the base rounded or

minutely cordate or sometimes cuneate ; both surfaces brown when

dry, the lower sometimes paler and with fewer hairs ; the midrib

prominent and very hairy on both sides, the 10 to 12 pairs of rather

faint little-curved spreading main-nerves less hairy than the midrib ;

length 3'5 to 5 in. ; breadth l - 5 to 2'25 in. ; petiole ‘5 to 1 in., covered

with coarse tomentum mixed with ovate-acuminate scales. Stipules

oblong-ovate, acuminate, - 5 to '75 in. long. Cymes pedunculate,

solitary, terminal, spreading, 1'5 to 2 in. across, and about as long, the

branches spreading, bracteate at the divisions, the bracts lanceolate,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acute, reflexed, ■ 2 or '3 in. long; the peduncle 1-5 to 2-5 in. long, scaly,

tomentose ; ultimate branches short, bearing at their apices dense

eapitules of small sub-sessile flowers, mixed with short broad brac-

teoles. Flozvers about '1 in. long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, pubes-

cent ; the mouth wide and with 5 blunt, triangular, spreading lobes.

Corolla exceeding the calyx, widely tubular, with 5 or 6 short inflexed

teeth, glabrous inside, hairy outside. Anthers oblong, blunt at each

end, the filaments short. Fruit ellipsoid, tapering equally to each end,

boldly 10-ridged, somewhat compressed, crowned by the hairy calyx-

lobes, otherwise sub-glabrous, '25 to - 3 in. long and - 2 in. across. Seeds

with 5 dorsal ridges, the ventral surface plane.

Perak, on Birch’s Hill, elev. 4,000 feet : Scortechini 258 ; Wray 1 ;

King’s Collector 2134,2950, 7348. Selangor: Bidley 7432.

The flowers are described as white, and the ripe fruit as cherry red. Named in

honour of Mr. Birch, a British civil officer, who was murdered by the aborigines in

Perak.

21. Psychoteia fulva, Buch.-Ham. ex. Wall. Cat. 8366, excl. B. A

shrub ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown when

dry, bearing a few scattered coarse hairs. Leaves thickly membranous,

elliptic, shortly acuminate and tapering almost equally to the base ;

upper surface without hairs except a few on the midrib near the base,

under surface with dark cinereous pubescence on the midrib and 15 to

18 pairs of sub-horizontal slightly curved main-nerves ; length 5 to

7 in., breadth l - 75 to 3'5 in. ; petioles 1-25 to 2'4 in., coarsely and

deciduously pubescent. Stipules membranous, broadly oblong, the

apex deeply and aeuminately bifid, the edges coarsely ciliate ; length

about 1 in. Cymes pedunculate, axillary, trichotomous, the flowers in

condensed capitular cymes at the ends of the short branches, enveloped

when in bud in 2 or 3 large deciduous bracts ; in fruit about 2 in. across

and less in length ; peduncles about 2 in. long ; branches about - 5 in. long,

horizontal ; all, like the short flower pedicels, coarsely rusty-pubescent.

Calyx cupular, with 5 deep, spreading, narrow, acuminate lobes. Corolla

not seen. Fruit narrowly elliptic, somewhat compressed, tapering

slightly to each end, the apex crowned by the erect connivent calyx-

lobes, boldly but somewhat unequally 12-ridged, glabrous, 45 in. long

and -25 in. in diam. Seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal, the ventral surface

flat. Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 169, excl. syu. P. monticola , Kurz.

Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8337 ; Griff. Notulas, IY. 268 ; Ic. PI. Asiat.

t. 479, f. 2.

Pebak, On Ulu BatungPadang : Wray 1615. — Distrib. E. Bengal,

Griffith (K.D.) 3022, 3034, 3035, 3036 ; Khasia, Hook f. & Thoms. 14.

P. monticola, Kurz, a Burmese plant, lias been reduced to P. fulva, Buch.-Ham.,

but in my opinion it is quite distinct.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

22. Psychoteia fulvoidea, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

shrub ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark-coloured,

glabrous. Leaves membranous, narrowly elliptic, acuminate, crenu-

late, the base cuneate ; upper surface glabrous, dark brown when dry,

the lower reddish-brown ; the midrib, nerves and reticulations rusty-

pubescent, otherwise glabrous; midrib prominent on both surfaces,

the 10 to 14 pairs of spreading, curving main-nerves slightly prominent

on the lower; length 6 to 7 in. ; breadth 2 to 2 5 in. ; petiole 1 to

1-3 in. Stipules membranous, ovate, caudate-acuminate, the edges

irregularly serrate, ciliate, length about 1 in. Cymes axillary, trichoto-

mous, condensed, about 2 in. broad when in fruit and 1-25 in. long,

on deflexed, coarsely but shortly pubescent peduncles 3 in. long ;

their branches short, spreading, bracteate at the divisions and coarsely

pubescent. Flowers condensed into globose capitulate cymes at the

apices of the branches, sessile. Calyx narrowly campanulate, pubes-

cent, with 5 erect acute teeth. Corolla unknown. Fruit narrowly

elliptic, tapering to each end, the apex crowned by the short pubescent

lobes, with 12 deep ridges and grooves, glabrous, -4 in. long and -2 in.

in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally 2-grooved.

Perak : Scortechini 538.

This approaches P. fulva, but is a smaller plant, with crenulate leaves quite

glabrous on the upper surface and nearly so on the lower.

23. Psychotria stipulacea, Wall, in Koxb. PI. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 164. A shrub, 1 to 2 feet high, all parts except the inflores-

cence glabrous ; stems as thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry.

Leaves membranous, broadly oblanceolate to elliptic, or oblong, abruptly

and shortly acuminate, much narrowed to the base ; both surfaces

glabrous, when dry brown with a reddish tinge ; midrib very stout, main-

nerves 11 to 13 pairs, spreading, slightly curved, distinct on both sur-

faces; length 5 to 9 in. ; breadth 2 to 4 in. ; petioles -5 to 1-25 in. long,

winged near the apex. Stipules large, sub-persistent, ovate, sometimes

bifid, '75 to 1 in. long, and about '4 in. broad. Cyme usually solitary,

corymbose, trichotomous, terminal, on a short peduncle, bracteate at the

base, about 2 to 3 in. in diam. ; its branches puberulous, bracts and brac-

teoles triangular. Flowers '15 in. long, on short pedicels, clustered in

dense, cymose, capituliform cymes at the ends of the ultimate branches.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 broad pubescent lobes, the tube glabrous.

Corolla longer than the calyx, widely campanulate, 4- or 5-toothed.

Fruit ellipsoid, sub-compressed, 10-ridged, crowned by the small calyx,

•3 in. long, and -15 in. in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally con-

cave, with one central ridge. Wall. Cat. 8329 ; DC. Prod. IV. 519 ;

Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 167.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Penang : Wallich 8329 ; Curtis 732. Trang : Kunstler 1382.

Pahang : Ridley 2216. Perak : Ridley 2918 ; King s Collector,

1357, 1382 ; Wray 3440 ; Scortechini 278, 307, 558, 692. — Distrib.

Sumatra.

24. Psychotria Curtisii, n. sp., King & Gamble. A shrub, 6

feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, rusty-pubes-

cent. Leaves elliptic, sometimes somewhat obovate, tapering equally

to each end, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces oliva-

ceous-brown when dry, the upper glabrous or with a few hairs on the

midrib near the base, the lower rusty-puberulous between the 9 or 10

pairs of bold, shortly and densely rusty-pubescent curved ascending

main-nerves ; length 5 to 8 in. ; breadth 1-5 to 3 in. ; petioles -5 in.,

densely rusty -pubescent. Stipules caducous. Cyme solitary, terminal,

3-branched, on a pubescent peduncle from -3 to '5 in. long (much

longer in fruit), branches bearing 3 to 5 sessile flowers in capitula at

their apices ; bracteoles linear. Floivers - 25 in. long, rusty-pubescent.

Calyx half-superior, campanulate, the mouth with 5 long, spreading,

ovate-acuminate lobes. Corolla longer than the calyx, salver-shaped,

with 5 oblong lobes. Fruit ovoid, tapering to the apex, crowned by

the long lobes of the calyx, the sides puberulous, 10-ridged. Seeds

with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral plane.

Penang : Curtis 2695.

25. Psychotria rhinocerotis, Keinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 961. A

shrub ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, at first rusty-tomen-

tose, afterwards glabrescent and pale brown. Leaves coriaceous,

obovate-oblong or obovate-oblanceolate, the apex broad, but usually

with a small abrupt apiculus, the base cuneate ; upper surface oliva-

ceous, glabrous, the lower brown and softly and finely rusty-pubescent ;

the midrib broad, more prominent on the upper than on the lower

surface; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, slightly curved, oblique, distinct on

both surfaces ; length 3 to 5 in. ; breadth l - 35 to 2 - 5 in. ; petiole '2 to - 6

in., stout. Panicle solitary, terminal, 1'5 in. long and slightly wider;

branches few, lax, divaricate, cymosely few-flowered. Fruit elliptic-

ovoid, slightly compressed, with 10 vertical grooves (2 of them

double), crowned by the rather broad, bluntly 5-toothed calyx,

acutely 10-ridged (2 ridges double), pubescent between the ridges ;

length - 25 in. ; breadth '2 in. Seeds dorsally 4-ridged, ventral surface

plane. Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. III. 292; DC. Prod. IY. 521; Korth.

Kruidk. p. 242.

Perak : King’s Collector 8272 ; Scortechini.

26. Psychotria malayana, Jack in Mai. Misc. I. 3 ; reprinted in

Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. IY. (1843), p. 26. A shrub ; young branches

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

rather thinner than a goose-quill, sub-terete, glabrous, rather pale

brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or broadly elliptic-lan-

ceolate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, much narrowed to the base;

upper surfaces glabrous, brown, shining when dry, the lower dull and

sparsely pubescent, often tinged reddish, the edges slightly recurved ;

main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, ascending, little curved, bold on the lower

surface and faint on the upper ; length 5 to 10 in. ; breadth 2'5 to

4 - 5 in. ; petioles - 4 to l - 5 in. Stipules broadly ovate, blunt, about

•35 in. long. Cyme terminal, on an angled, sub-compressed peduncle

■5 to 1 in. long (lengthening in fruit), the branches corymbose, whorled,

many-flowered ; ultimate eymules 3-flowered. Floivers • 5 in. long,

2 on each cymule, on short pedicels (the middle one sessile), minutely

foracteolate at the base. Calyx under -1 in. long, tubular, the truncate

mouth minutely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, -4 in. long, with 5 oblong

sub-acute lobes ; the throat villous inside. Fruit - 4 in. long and -3 in.

in diam., elliptic-ovoid, vertically 10-ridged, the apex with very slight

remains of the calyx. Seeds faintly 4-ridged on the dorsal, the

ventral surface plane with a faint central groove. DC. Prod. IV. 520.

P. aurantiaca, Wall, in Roxb. FI. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., II. 165;

Blume Bijdr. 962 ; Wall. Cat. 8335. Grumelia aurantiaca and

Chasalia expansa, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 296 and 281.

Singapore : Ridley 6468, 8422 ; Hullett 904. Pahang : Ridley

2197. Perak: King’s Collector 6327, 7168; Wray 2956; Scortechini

307. — Distrib. Borneo, Java.

The corolla of this is larger than that of any other Malayan species of Psychotria,

being about -4 in. long when dry.

Species Imperfectly Known.

27. Psychotria Wrayi, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub,

glabrous except the inflorescence ; young branches as thick as a swan’s-

quill, terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate-

elliptic, shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed from about the middle

to the short, partially winged petiole ; both surfaces dark olivaceous-

brown when dry, the midrib rather prominent ; main-nerves 13 to 15

pairs, oblique, almost straight, thin but pale and rather distinct on the

lower surface, indistinct on the upper ; length 6 or 7 in. ; breadth 2 to

2-5 in. ; petiole about -5 in., winged above. Stipules broadly ovate,

sub-acute, the edges coarsely ciliate, - 5 in. long. Cymes terminal, on

short peduncles, bracteate at the base, umbelliform, widely spreading,

about 4 in. broad and only half as long ; the branches 4-angled, sub-

compressed, pubescent, divergent. Floivers crowded at the extremities

of the branclilets, - 25 in. long, on short thick pedicels. Calyx deeply

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cupular, with 5 broad, shallow blunt teeth. Corolla much longer than

the calyx, widely tubular ; lobes 5, blunt, broadly ovate, rellexed, the

throat with a little short hair. Anthers 5, narrowly elliptic, blunt, on

short filaments, almost basifixed, exserted by the reflexion of the lobes,

of the corolla. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Wray 3-959 ; King’s Collector 2755.

28. Psychotria INJ3QUALIS, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

unbranched shrub ; the stem thinner than a goose-quill, deciduously

puberulous, only a foot high, brown when dry. Leaves thickly mem-

branous, those of a pair somewhat unequal in size, elongate-obovate,.

the smaller one oblong-elliptic, all abruptly and shortly acuminate, the

base cuneate ; upper surface glabrous, minutely pitted when dry ; the

lower with many coarse pale-brown, crisped, flattened hairs on the mid-

rib and nerves, and a few pale appressed hairs on the interspaces ; mid-

rib broad and channelled on both surfaces, as are also the 10 to 13 pairs,

of pale ascending, slightly curved main-nerves ; length 6 to 10 in. ;

breadth 2-5 to 5 in. ; petiole '5 to '75 in., stout. Stipules narrowly

ovate, acuminate, pubescent, '65 in. long. Cyme solitary, terminal, 2 to

3'5 in. long (including the 1 to 2 in. peduncle), pyramidal, everywhere

rusty-puberulous, the branches opposite, many-flowered, and with broad

abruptly acuminate bracts ; the lowest pair exceeding 1 in. in length,

reflexed; branchlets divaricate. Flowers - 1 in. long, on short stout,

pedicels. Calyx small, tubular ; its lobes broadly triangular. Corolla

not much longer than the calyx, its lobes linear with moniliform bluish

hairs at their bases and on the throat. Fruit unknown.

Perak : Scortechini 279.

29. Psychotria condensa, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

woody shrub ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, the nodes

close together and slightly thickened, the internodes striate, at first

scurfy-puberulous but afterwards glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, nar-

rowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate;,

upper surface when dry very dark brown, the lower paler and tinged

with olivaceous, the midrib prominent and pale ; the 5 or 6 pairs of

oblique main-nerves visible beneath but not above ; length 1 to 1-25 in. ;

breadth -3 to -5 in. ; petiole -05 in. Stipules broadly triangular, acumi-

nate, nearly -1 in. long. Umbel cymose, 3-branched, terminal, shorter

than the leaves ; each branch with 3 unequally pedicillate flowers.

Flowers not seen. Fruit globular-ovoid, with 2 prominent furrowed

vertical ridges and several obscure ones between them, crowned by the

5-toothed calyx ; length -2 in.; breadth '15 in. Seeds with one pro-

minent dorsal ridge, ventral surface flat.

Perak : Scortechini.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LX. VALERIANEzE.

Herbaceous (as regards the Indo-Malayan species). Leaves oppo-

site, exstipulate, their bases often connected by an interpetiolar line or

ridge ; entire, pinnatifid or pinnate. Floivers sessile, in cymes, usually

hermaphrodite but sometimes polygamous or dioecious, bracteate.

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb in the flower small, in the

fruit often enlarged or pappose. Corolla superior, gamopetalous, its

tube cylindric or gibbous or spurred at the base ; the limb with 3 to 5

imbricate lobes, often irregular. Stamens 1 to 4, on the tube, usually

exserted. Ovary inferior with a single perfect, 1-ovuled cell, and 2

barren empty cells ; style filiform ; stigma 2- or 3-lobed or entire ; ovule

in the fertile cell pendulous from the apex of the loculus. Fruit inde-

hiscent, dry, 1-seeded, the 2 barren cells enlarged or represented by

narrow ridges. Seed pendulous, with very little or no albumen ;

embryo straight, radicle superior. — Distrib. About 350 species, in

temperate climates ; generally diffused, but absent from Australia and

South Africa.

Valeriana, Linn.

Perennial herbs. Leaves entire, pinnatifid or pinnate, the radical

often undivided and with long petioles. Flowers in cymes, corymbosejy

paniculate ; bracts small, oblong or linear, free or nearly so, persistent.

Calyx-limb in flower obsolete, in fruit developing into a ring of from

5 to 15 feathery bristles, united at their bases into a short funnel-shaped

tube. Corolla-tohe funnel-shaped, its base often sub-gibbous ; limb

with 5 spreading lobes, both tube and limb pink or white. Stamens 3.

Ovary 3-eelled, only 1 cell containing 1 ovule ; stigma sub-entire or

shortly 3-fid. Fruit oblong, plano-convex, with 6 ribs, 1-celled; the

2 barren cells obsolete, crowned by the persistent pappose calyx.

— Distrib. About 180 species in moist temperate regions.

Valeriana Hardwickii, Wall, in Roxb. El. Ind., ed. Carey &

Wall. I. 166. Boot fibrous. Stem erect, 1 to 3 feet high, pubescent

below, mostly glabrous upwards but pilose or barbate at the nodes.

Radical leaves ovate, acute, on long petioles ; stem leaves unequally

pinnatifid, the segments 3 to 5, the upper the longest, all lanceolate or

ovate-lanceolate and irregularly toothed. Panicles lax, often as much

as a foot long, the branches dichotomous, with small subulate bracteoles

at the forks ; fruit hairy. Wall. Cat. 432, PI. As. Ear. 39, t. 263 ;

Don Prod. El. Nep. 159; DC. Prod. IV. 640; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 213. V. Hardioickiana, Roem. & Schult., Syst. I., Mant.

259. V. tenera, Wall. Cat'. 435 ; DC. Mem. Valer. 16 ; Prod. IV. 640.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

V. data, Don Prodr. 159. V. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 919. V. acumi-

nata, Boyle 111. Him. Bot. 241.

At high elevations on the central ridge in Perak, this is said to occur, but I have

seen no specimens.

Order LXI. COMPOSITE.

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent, rarely trees. Leaves alter-

nate, rarely opposite or whorled; simple or sometimes compound

exstipulate. Florets numerous, small, aggregated in centripetal beads,

sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle (receptacle) ; the heads sur-

rounded by an involucre of 1- or more-seriate, free or connate bracts ;

bracteoles none or reduced to paleate scales or bristles on the recep-

tacle ; individual florets all tubular (head discoid), or the outer or all

ligulate (head rayed) ; all bi-sexual or the inner bi-sexual or male, the

outer female or neuter ; sometimes dioecious. Sepals connate in a

calyx-tube, adnate to the ovary; limb none, or composed of hairs

(pappus) or scales. Petals connate in a corolla of two forms : (a)

tubular or eampanulate, with 4-5-lobed limb ; lobes valvate with mar-

ginal nerves ; ( h ) ligulate with lobes elongated and connate in a strap-

shaped or elliptic ligule. Dish epigynous. Stamens 4-5, inserted

within the corolla-tube ; filaments usually free ; anthers basifixed,

usually connate (syngenesious) ; connective produced upwards ; cells

simple or tailed at the base ; pollen sub-globose, rough. Pistil an

inferior 1-celled ovary ; ovule solitary, basal, erect, anatropous, nucleus

with one coat ; style slender, normally 2-fid ; the arms (sometimes)

connate, linear or sub-terete, naked or pubescent externally or tipped

by pubescent cones ; the margins stigmatic. Fruit a dry indeliiscent

achene (cypsela). Seed erect; testa membranous; albumen none;

embryo straight ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle short. — Distrib.

Universal ; genera about 1,000 ; species about 8,000.

Corollas of all the florets either tubular to near the mouth or the

marginal row ligulate ; style-arms long, distinct, or very short,

or the style sub-entire in the sterile florets of heads with hetero-

gamous florets ; stems sometimes woody ; leaves alternate or

opposite ; sap never milky : —

Florets red, purple, or white, never yellow ; all similar (homo-

gamous) and tubular, or rarely ( Elepliantopus ) cleft laterally ;

involucre of bracts always more than 1-seriate ; pappus pre-

sent, usually setaceous, receptacle naked or rarely (Ageratum)

paleaceous : —

Anthers cleft at the base and appendieulate at the apex ;

style-arms subulate, hairy ; leaves alternate (Vernoniea) : —

Heads distinct, many-flowered ; pappus long, copious,

cypselas ribbed . . . . . . 1. Vebnonia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Heads 1- or few-flowered, crowded into dense clusters

resembling single heads ; pappus chaffy . . . . 2.

Anthers sub-entire at the base, either truncate or appendicu-

late at the apex ; leaves opposite at any rate below

(Eupatoriea) : —

Anthers truncate at the apex . . . . . . 3.

Anthers appendiculate at the apex : —

Pappus paleaceous, receptacle sometimes paleaceous . . 4.

Pappus of slender hairs ; receptacle always naked ;

bracts of involucre 4 with sometimes a small outer

one ; scandent . . . . . . . . 5.

Florets, if homogamous and tubular, yellow ; if heterogamous,

at least those of the disk yellow; or if none of the florets

yellow ( Emilia ) then with the bracts of the involucre 1-seriate

Anthers appendiculate at the apex (Asteroidere ) : —

Receptacle naked, smooth, or pitted ; sometimes, when

pitted, the edge of the pit fimbriate : —

Bracts of involucre in two rows : —

Anthers sub-entire at the base ; florets all tubular,

those of the disk purple, of the ray filiform, yellowish

or white ; pappus none or of 2 bristles ; heads small

in lax panicled cymes, bracts of involucre in two

series ; erect herbs . . . . . . 6.

Bracts of the involucre many-seriate, leaves alter-

nate : —

Anthers obtuse and entire at the base ; florets of disk

tubular with wide limb ; those of the ray filiform-

tubular or tubular only at the base, expanding into

small yellowish ligules ; pappus copious and silky ;

heads in dense corymbose panicles ; climbers . . 7.

Anthers cleft at the base ; style-arms of hermaphro-

dite flower filiform, linear, or obtuse, or those of the

sterile flowers undivided (Inuloidece ) : —

Flower-heads medium-sized ; separate, solitary, or

in corymbose or paniculate cymes, not in globose

clusters, if clustered the cypselas with copious soft

pappus : —

Herbs ; bracts of involucre narrow ; flowers not

corymbose : —

Anther-cells tailed at the base, the tails of

adjacent anthers confluent . . . . 8.

Anther-cells sagittate at the base, not tailed

or connate.. .. .. ..9.

Shrubs ; bracts of involucre broad ; flowers

corymbose . . . . . . . . 10.

Flower-heads small, clustered in dense ovoid or

globose masses ; herbs with winged stems ; pappus

none . . . . • • • • 11-

Bracts of the involucre 1-seriate, sub-equal, free or

united, with sometimes a few short outer bractlets

Elephantopus.

Adenostemha.

Ageratum.

Mikania.

Dichrocephala.

Microglossa.

Blumea.

Laggera.

Pluchea.

Sph^ranthus.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(calyculus) at their bases ; heads homogamous ; anther-

eells sub-entire at the base ; receptacle naked ( Sene -

cionidcv)

Leaves alternate ; pappus of fine hairs, style-arms of

hermaphrodite flowers truncate or obtuse, penieillate

or with a hairy tip : —

Heads ebracteate ; florets purple . . . . 12.

Heads braeteolate ; florets yellow . . . . 13.

Receptacles paleaceous ; anthers sub-entire at the base ;

bracts of involucre 1- to many-seriate ; heads usually

radiate, heterogamous ; style-arms truncate or appendicu-

late, or those of the sterile florets entire ; pappus of 2 to

4 arms or paleaceous or absent ; leaves at the base of the

stem usually opposite, those higher up opposite or alter-

nate ( Heliantlwidece ) : —

Pappus of only 4 bristly awns, or cup-like or absent : —

Cypselas all thick, or those of the ray-florets 3-angled

and those of the disc laterally compressed ; pappus

cup-like or composed of 2 to 3 stiff chaffy or bristly

arms, with or without intermediate smaller scales or

altogether absent ; leaves usually opposite : —

Inner bracts of the involucre embracing and en-

closing the cypselas of the fertile ray-florets ;

pappus absent, outer bracts of involucre 5, glan-

dular . . . . . . . . 14.

Inner bracts of the involucre all flat, scales of

receptacle flat, very narrow, usually few ; disk-

florets 4-5-fid, ligules small ; pappus absent, or

if present shortly 2-awned ; outer bracts of invo-

lucre numerous . . . . . . 15.

Seales of the receptacle concave or complicated

more or less enclosing and embracing the disk

florets

Cypselas not winged, compressed or 3-5-angled,

ray-florets yellow with large ligules ; disk-cyp-

selas with 1 or 2 short deciduous awns ; leaves

all opposite . . . . . . . . 16.

Cypselas of the disk-florets eiliate, winged on

the margins, laterally compressed ; heads small ;

leaves always opposite . . . . . . 17.

Cypselas more or less depressed from the top ; pappus

of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) bristles or absent : —

Outer bracts of the involucre almost equal ; herba-

ceous ; inner bracts separate, almost resembling

the scales of the receptacle ; ray-florets fertile ;

leaves opposite : —

Cypselas flat, their margins lacerate and winged ;

pappus composed of bristles . . . . 18.

Outer bracts of the involucre few, small ; inner

bracts connate below, membranous : —

Emilia.

Gynuea.

SlEGESBECKIA.

Eclipta.

Wedelia.

Spilantiies.

Synedkella.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cypselas not beaked ; leaves opposite, simple to

pinnatiseet . . . . . . . . 19. Bidens.

Pappus of membranous scales ; heads radiate ; leaves

opposite

Scales of pappus feathery, fringed ; heads medium-

sized . . . . . . . . . . 20. Tridax.

Anthers inappendiculate at the apex ; receptacle (in our

species) not paleaceous ; pappus absent or reduced to a

raised rim, rarely scaly and short ; leaves usually alter-

nate (Anthemidei e) ■ —

Plower-heads discoid, heterogamous ; pappus absent : —

Florets of the circumference very numerous ; cypselas

flat or concave at the top ; flower-heads globose or

hemispheric, sub-sessile ; bracts of involucre in 2 series,

spreading in fruit . . . . . . . . 21. Centipeda.

Florets of the circumference few ; heads very small, in

racemes or panicles ; cypselas ellipsoid or obovoid,

rounded at the apex . . . . . . 22. Artemisia.

Corollas of all the florets flatly expanded from a tubular base,

ligulate, their apices 5-toothed ; leaves radical or cauline and

alternate, never opposite ; stem always herbaceous, fistulose ;

sap milky (Gichoriece) : —

Pappus of simple hair-like bristles, at least in the central

florets ; florets yellow, cypselas fusiform or oblong, with

glabrous or puberulous ribs . . . . . . 23. Crepis.

Note. — T he above key is taken mainly from “Bengal Plants,” by Lieut.-Col. D.

Prain, F.B.S. , Superintendent, Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

1. Vernonia, Schreb.

Herbs, shrubs, climbers or small trees. Leaves alternate, penni-

nerved, entire or dentate. Heads axillary or terminal, solitary or in

cymes or panicles, bomogamous ; flowers often few, but very rarely

solitary. Involucre ovoid, globose or hemispheric, as long as or shorter

than the flowers ; bracts in many series, the inner longest. Beceptacle

naked or pitted, sometimes with short hairs. Corollas all equal, tubular,

slender; lobes 5, narrow. Anther-bases obtuse, sagittate. Style-arms

subulate, acute, hairy. Cypselas striate, ribbed or angled, rarely terete,

truncate at the apex ; pappus of many hairs, usually in two rows, the

inner hairs thin and slender, the outer sometimes stout and com-

pressed, persistent or deciduous. — D istrib. About 500 species, mostly

American.

A large shrub or small tree ; leaves sub-coriaceous ; involucral bracts

obtuse . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . V. arborea.

Herbaceous annuals ; leaves membranous ; involucral bracts acumi-

nate : —

Heads few, '35 in. in diam., in long-peduncled cymes. . . . 2. V. ehinensis.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Heads numerous, *2 to '25 in. in diam., in loose terminal corym-

bose cymes . . . . • • • • .. 3. V. cinerea.

1. Vernonia arborea, Buch.-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 218.

A tree, 30 to 60 feet high ; young branches as thick as a goose-quill or

thinner, at first covered, like the under surfaces of the leaves and

branches of the inflorescence, with short rusty tomentum, sometimes

glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves sub-coriaceous, entire, elliptic ovate or

ovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate ;

upper surface glabrous, or nearly so, except the midrib, the reticulations

minute and distinct ; main-nerves 8 to 14 pairs, spreading, interarching,

bold and distinct on the lower surface, more faint on the upper ; length

3-5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1-75 to 2-75 in. ; petioles -75 to 125 in., pubes-

cent. Heads 2- to 5-flowered, collected in large open terminal panicles

much longer than the leaves. Involucral bracts few, small, oblong,

obtuse, less than half as long as the flowers, pubescent, concave, per-

sistent. Corolla glabrous, bluish. Cypselas not conspicuously ribbed,

short, truncate ; pappus in a single row, tuberculate, white tinged with

ochraceous, persistent. DC. Prod. V. 22 ; Kurz Por. FI. Burm. II. 80;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 23 ; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 239. Vernonia

javanica, Blumeana and celebica, DC. l.c. 21, 22 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat.

II. 9, 10. Eupatorium celebicum and javanicum, Blume Bijdr. 903.

Conyza acuminata and arborea, "Wall. Cat. 3034a and 3074.

Malacca : Griffith. Singapore : Lobb ; Ridley 2735, 2739, 9478 ;

Maingay (K.D.) 948, 949, 950. Penang : Curtis 2, 926. Negri Sem-

bilan : Ridley 10087. Selangor : Ridley. Perak : Wray 2240, 2442;

King's Collector, many Numbers ; Scortechini. — Distrib. Ceylon,

Malay Archipelago, Philippines, China.

2. Vernonia chinensis, Less, in Linnaea, VI. 674. An erect annual

with divaricate, softly puberulous to tomentose, angled branches. Leaves

alternate, sessile or petiolate, membranous, ovate elliptic elliptic-lan-

ceolate or oblanceolate, narrowed at the base, sub-serrate or entire.

Heads few, "35 in. in diam., in lax, few-branched, axillary and terminal,

open puberulous cymes, on slender peduncles longer than the leaves>

15- to 30-flowered. Involucral bracts not numerous, lanceolate, awned

or acute, usually at first pubescent outside, inside glabrous, shining,

1-nerved ; longer than the glabrous or glabrescent corollas. Cypselas

less than 1 in. long, 4- or 5-ribbed, glabrous. Pappus scanty, white.

Clarke Comp. Ind. 78; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 235. V. albicans,

DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prod. V. 26 (in part). Cyanopis pubescens

and C. villosa, DC. Prod. V. 69. Conyza chinensis, Lamk. Diet. II. 83

(not of Linn.). C. punctulata, Wall. Cat. 2995. Eupatorium menthce-

folium, Wall. Cat. Cynanthillium villosum and C. pubescens, Blume

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 27

Bijdr. 889 and 890. Gentratherum chinense, Less, in Linnsea (1829)

320. Synanthera, Wall. Cat. 7136.

Penang : J. Scott ; Curtis 931 ; King ; Deschamps ; Malacca :

Cuming ; Griffith; Hullett 634. Singapore: King. — Distrib. Malay

Archipelago, Philippines.

3. Vernonia cinerea, Less, in Linnasa, IV. 291, and VI. 673.

Herbaceous, erect, 6 to 18 in. high, with more or less minute whitish

pubescence everywhere ; stems slender, striate. Leaves membranous

with variable petioles, ovate or lanceolate, sometimes obovate or oblan-

ceolate, the apex obtuse or acute, the edges obtusely or acutely toothed,

the base narrowed, both surfaces olivaceous-cinereous when dry, the

upper glabrous or nearly so, the lower more or less cinereous-pubes-

cent ; length 1-5 to 3 in. ; breadth -3 to - 5 in. ; petiole '1 to - 5 in. (in

the lower leaves). Heads -2 to -25 in. in diam., on 10- to 20-flowered,

loose, terminal, long-peduneled, corymbose cymes with divaricate

branches ; bracts of peduncle very few. Involucral scales linear-lan-

ceolate, acuminate or almost awned, shorter than the florets, 1-nerved,

•1 in. long, densely pubescent. Corolla pubescent, the tube very narrow

lavender. Cypselas minute; pappus copious, dirty white, the outer row

very short. DC. Prod. V. 24, in Wight Contrib. 6 ; Wall. Cat. 3008 ;

Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 234 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 11 ; Prain

Bengal Plants, 590. V. conyzoides, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prod.

V. 25. V. rhomhoidea and V. montana, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

XX. 62. V. albicans, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6 (in part) ; Wight

Ic. 1076. V. abbreviata and leptophylla, DC. l.c. 25. V. laxiflora,

Less, in Linnsea, VI. 646 ; DC. l.c. 25. V. physalifolia, DC. in

Wight Contrib. 6 ; Prod. FI. Pen. Ind. Or. 24. V. parviflora, linifolia,

and fasciculata, Beinw. in Bl. Bijdr. 893. V. Z oiling eriana, Schultz-

Bip. in Miq. PL Ind. Bat. II. 16. V. cyanonioides, Walp. in Linnaia

XIV. 509. Gonyza abbreviata, Wall. Cat. 3048 ; C. bcllidifolia, id.

3047 ; cinerascens, 3062 ; incana, 3046 ; linifolia, 3063 ; elegantula, 3049 ;

ovata, 3097, and sub-simplex, 3003. C. cinerea, Linn. Sp. PI. 862 ;

Wall. Cat. 3008. C. prolifera and C. heterophylla, Lam. Encyl. II. 84.

Serratula cinerea, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 60. Chrysocoma purpurea, Porst.

Prod. 54. C. violacea, Schum. PI. Guin. 384. Cyanopis decurrens,

Zoll.

In all the provinces, in waste places near cultivation. — Distrib.

All tropical countries.

2. Elephantopus, Linn.

Perennial rigid herbs. Leaves alternate, sessile, penninerved, entire

or dentate, mostly radical. Heads homogamous, each containing 1 to 5

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flowers, and collected into ovoid or globose clusters, surrounded by

several large leafy, bracts. Involucre-proper compressed, its component

bracts oblong, acute, about 8, dry, stiff, unequal, alternately fiat and

conduplicate ; receptacle naked. Floivers all equally 4-lobed, and cleft

on one side, and with the lobes spreading in a somewhat palmate

manner. Anthers obtusely sagittate at the base. Style-arms subulate.

Cypselas truncate, 10-ribbed; bristles of pappus few, rigid, shining,

■slender and dilated below or chaffy. — Distrib. 10 or 12 species,

chiefly tropical American — one cosmopolitan.

Elephantopus scaber, Linn. Sp. PL, 814. Stems dichotomous,

from a few inches to 2 feet high, terete, finely strigose. Leaves

membranous, the radical ones obovate, oblong to elliptic-oblong, taper-

ing to the short petiole, the edges dentate or crenate, up to 6 in. in

length and P25 to 2-5 in. broad ; the cauline few, smaller, sessile, both

sets scabrid on the upper surface and finely strigose on the lower ;

main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs in the cauline, more numerous in the radical

leaves, all slightly prominent on the lower surface. Collective heads

hemispheric, -5 to -75 in. in diam., solitary, terminal, on long peduncles.

Bracts of the conjoined heads 3, leaf-like, about -5 in. broad, broadly

ovate or reniform, apiculate, nervose and pubescent behind ; bracts of

the involucre-proper shining, glabrous ; pappus of 5 shining tubereulate

bristles, dilated at the base. Wall. Cat. 2979 ; DC. Prod. V. 86 ; Eoxb.

El. Ind. III. 445 ; Don Prod. 169 ; Wight Ic. 1086 ; Clarke Comp.

Ind. 28 ; Hook. fil. El. Br. Ind. III. 242 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 590.

In all the provinces, in cultivated places. — Distrib. In most tropical

■countries.

3. Adenostemma, Eorst.

Herbs, glandular- pubescent or glabrous. Leaves mostly opposite,

petiolate. Heads homogamous, in lax corymbose cymes ; involucre

■campanulate ; its bracts numerous, sub-2-seriate, narrow, herbaceous,

sometimes connate ; receptacle flat, naked. Corollas all equal, tubular,

regular, with short tube and campanulate 5-toothed limb. Anthers

truncate, with glandular apiculus, their bases obtuse. Style-arms

elongate, dilated near the apex. Cypselas obtuse, 5-ribbed, glandular ;

pappus of 3 to 5 short rigid, often clavate hairs, joined at their bases

by a narrow ring. — Distrib. Species 5 or 6 American, 1 cosmopolitan.

Adenostemma viscosum, Eorst. Char. Gen. 20. An erect, rarely

decumbent annual, slender or robust, glabrous ; pubescent or viscidly

pubescent. Leaves membranous, sessile or petiolate, opposite or the

upper alternate, from linear to broadly ovate, acute sub-acute cuneate

or cordate at the base, the edges serrate crenate or entire, the upper

surface usually smooth but sometimes rugose ; length from 2 to 6 in. ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

petioles varying in length. Heads -3 to -4 in. in chain., in lax corym-

bose, pedunculate cymes. Involucral bracts oblong, obtuse or acute,

glabrous, glandular or scabrid. Corollas white, pubescent near the

mouth, styles much exserted, the arms clavate. Cypselas usually

warted, crowned by a glandular ring, bearing pedicellate lobed glands.

DC. Prod. Y. Ill ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 28 ; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III.

242 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 591.

In all the provinces, but not abundant in any of them. — Distrib.

The tropics generally.

In the Flora of British India, III. 242, Sir Joseph Hooker recognises seven varieties

of this widely distributed and variable species. And to one or other of these he

reduces the following eleven species of De Candolle : A. fastigiatum, DC. Prod. Y. Ill,

A. leiocarpum, A. Roylei, A. datum, A. latifolium, l.c. p. 112, A. macraphyllum, A.

parviflorum, A. reticidatum, A. vucosum, A. madurense, A. erectum, l.c. p. 113. He

also reduces here the following : Ageratum aquaticum, Roxb. FI. Ind. III. 415 ; A.

strictum, Bot. Mag. t. 2410 ; Lavenia fastigiata, macrophylla and parviflora, Blunie

Bijdr. pp. 905 and 906 ; and the following Nos. of the Wallichian Catalogue, viz.,

Lavenia erecta, 3218 ; carnosa, 3219 ; alba, 3220 ; rugosa, 3221 ; viscida, 3222.

4. Ageratum, Linn.

Erect herbs. Leaves opposite in the lower part of the stem, alter-

nate in the upper. Heads in panicles or corymbs, homogamous. Invo-

lucre narrowly campanulate; its bracts in 2 or 3 series, linear, subequal;

receptacle convex, naked or with deciduous scales. Corollas all tubular,

equal, regular, the limb 5-cleft. Anthers with slight apical appendages,

their bases obtuse. Style-arms elongate, obtuse. Cypselas 5-angled ;

pappus of 5 short, free or connate scales, or of 10 to 20 narrow, unequal

scales. — Distrib. About 20 species, all probably American, several

introduced in the Tropics of the Old World.

Ageratum conyzoides, Linn. Sp. PI. 839. Annual, 1 to 2

feet high, everywhere with sparse white, rather soft pubescence.

Leaves membranous, ovate, sub-acute, the base broad and sub-truncate,

sometimes cuneate ; the edges coarsely crenate or dentate ; both sur-

faces greenish when dry, the upper sparsely hispid ; the lower glabrous,

boldly reticulate ; main-nerves about 2 or 3 pairs, ascending, curved,

the lower one branching; length 1 to 3 - 5 in. Heads - 25 in. in diam.,

in terminal or axillary corymbose cymes. Involucral bracts shorter

than the flowers, narrowly lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, puberulous.

Corollas pale blue or white. Cypselas black ; pappus of 5 shining,

spreading scales, with broad, often serrate bases. DO. Prod. Y. 108 ;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 30; Wall. Cat. 3176; Hook. fil. El. Br. Ind. III.

243 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 591. A. cordifolium, Boxb. El. Ind. III.

415 ; Wall. Cat. 3177.

30 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

In all the provinces, in cultivated places. — D isteib. The tropics

generally.

5. Mikania, Willd.

A twining herb (in Indo-Malaya). Leaves opposite, petiolate. Heads

small, in spikes racemes or panicles, homogamous, usually 4-flowered.

Involucre oblong, its bracts 4, narrow, sometimes with a small outer

one ; receptacle small, naked. Corollas all equal, regular, tubular, the

tube narrow ; the limb campanulate, 5-fid. Anthers appendiculate, the

base obtuse. Style-arms long, acute. Cypselas with truncate apices,

5-angled ; pappus with one or more rows of scabrid hairs, often con-

nate at the base. — Disteib. About 60 species, all in the warm parts of

America and Africa except the following.

Mikania scandens, Willd. Sp. PI. 1743. A glabrous or puberulous

climber ; young branches less than half as thick as a goose-quill, brown

and striate when dry. Leaves membranous, on long petioles, ovate,

acuminate ; the base broad, cordate, often almost sagittate, the edges

sinuate ; main-nerves a single pair, ascending from the base and

branching outwards ; length 1 to 2 in. ; breadth -6 to 1-25 in. ; petioles

■5 to 1 in., slender. Heads narrow, 4-flowered, in lax corymbose cymes,

on slender peduncles much longer than the leaves, peduncles and

branches angled when dry, puberulous. Scales of involucre chaffy,

narrowly oblong, obtuse. Cypselas glabrous ; pappus reddish. DC.

Prod. V. 199 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 34 ; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III.

244 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 592. M. volubilis and M. chenopodifolia,

Willd. l.c. 1745 ; DC. l.c. 199 and 201. Eupatormm scandens, Linn. ;

Jacq. Ic. t. 169.

In all the provinces, common.— Disteib. British India, Malay

Archipelago, Tropical Africa.

6. Dicheocephala, DC.

Annuals, with alternate toothed lyrate or pinnatifid leaves. Heads

small, heterogamous, globose or hemispheric, not rayed, in panicles;

Outer florets S , in many rows, slender, fertile, rigid, 2-3 -toothed or

cleft. Dish-florets $ , fertile, narrow, 4- or 5-toothed. Anthers with

truncate bases. Style-arms of ? florets short, flattened, the tips

lanceolate ; pappus none or (in the ? ) of 2 minute bristles. — Disteib.

Species 5, Asiatic and African.

Dicheocephala latifolia, DC. in Guill. Archiv. Bot. II. 518. An

annual weed, 12 to 24 in. high, erect or spreading, glabrous pubescent

or villous. Leaves very variable, ovate lanceolate or obovate, entire

pinnatifid or lyrate, with the terminal lobe broadly ovate and coarsely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

toothed ; length 1 to 4 in. ; petioles -25 to 1-25 in. Heads about '15 in.

in diam., globose, on pedicels many times longer than themselves,

in lax, few-branched, cymose panicles. Bay-florets ? , filiform,

obscurely 2-3-toothed, white. Disk-florets % , 4-cleft, yellow. Cypselas

very small, smooth, with a callous margin, and often with 2 small

bristles. DO. in Wight Contrib. 11, Prod. V. 372 ; Wight Ic.

1096 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 36 ; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 245. D.

gracilis and D. sonchifolia, DC. l.c. 371, 372. Cotula sinapifolia,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 63, FI. Ind. III. 437 ; Wall. Cat. 3237. C. bicolor,

Both Cat. Bot. II. 116. C. latifolia, Pers. Syn. II. 464. Grangea

latifolia, Lam. 111. t. 699. Hippia bicolor, Smith in Bees Cyclop.

XVIII. Ethulia integrifolia, Don Prodr. 182.

Pebak : Scortechini. — Distbib. British India, tropical and sub-

tropical Asia and Africa.

7. Micboglossa, DC.

Slender shrubs, often scandent. Leaves alternate, entire. Heads

small, heterogamous, collected in large corymbose panicles. Bay-florets

j , in 1 or more series, fertile, the ligule minute, white. Disk-florets few

or many, $ , fertile, tubular, with dilated 3- to 4-fid limb. Involucre

campanulate, composed of several series of narrow bracts, the outer

shorter. Beceptacle flat, naked or nearly so. Corolla, the ligulate or

ray ones narrow, about as long as the style ; those of the disk (the

tubular) longer. Anthers with obtuse bases, entire. Style-arms of the

4 flattened ; their tips long, lanceolate. Cypselas angled ; pappus hairs

numerous, slender, silky, in one or two series, somewhat unequal. —

Distbib. About 6 species, Asiatic and African.

Micboglossa volubilis, DC. Prod. V. 320. A sub-scandent shrub;

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, ridged, glabrous. Leaves mem-

branous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded, the

edges obscurely toothed ; both surfaces brown when dry, glabrous, the

lower sometimes slightly pubescent ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, little

curved, ascending, prominent beneath ; length 1-5 to 2 in. ; breadth -65

to l - 25 in. ; petioles ‘25 to '4 in., slender. Heads • 35 in. in diam., on

short peduncles, crowded in dense corymbose terminal cymes, much

longer than the leaves. Cypselas compressed, 4-angled, puberulous ;

pappus copious, reddish, much longer than the minute achenes. Clarke

Comp. Ind. 57 ; Kurz For. FI. Burm. II. 82 ; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind.

III. 257. Gonyza volubilis, Wall. Cat. 3057. Erigeron pyrifolius,

Benth. FI. Hongk., 176.

Pebak : Bidley 2890 ; Wray 2472. Penang : Wallich 3057.

— Distbib. British India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

8. Blumea, DC.

Herbs, annual or perennial, glandular-pubescent or woolly. Leaves

alternate, rarely entire, usually lobed or toothed. Heads in pani-

culate cymes, rarely in racemes, heterogamous, disciform, yellow or

purplish. Bay-florets in several series, 2 , fertile, filiform, 2- or 3-

toothed. Disk-florets ^ , few, fertile, with slender tube and 5-toothed

limb. Involucre ovoid or campanulate ; its bracts in several rows,

narrow, acute, herbaceous, the outer smaller ; receptacle flat, naked.

Anthers with sagittate bases produced into small slender tails. Style-

arms of the hermaphrodite flower flattened or filiform, rarely connate

with the nearest anthers. Cypselas small, sub-terete or angular, with or

without ridges ; pappus hairs in a single row, slender, often caducous.

— Distrib. About 60 species, in tropical and sub-tropical Asia, Africa,

and Australia.

Seandent ; pappus white

Large shrub ; pappus red

Erect herbs ; pappus white : —

Heads in small sessile clusters of 2 or 3 in the axils of small

bracts on an elongated pseudo-spike

Heads few (1 to 6), in short, axillary, condensed, pedunculate

cymes ; leaves oblaneeolate or obovate, dentate but not lobed ;

flowers purple

Heads sessile or sub-sessile, in lax, shortly-branched, leafy

cymose panicles ; leaves oblaneeolate, dentate but not lobed ;

flowers yellow . .

Heads sessile or sub-sessile, in axillary spikes several inches

long, arranged in a pseudo-panicle ; leaves oblaneeolate, den-

tate and sometimes lobulate ; flowers yellow

1. B. chinensis.

2. B. balsamifera.

3. B. glomerata.

4. B. Wightiana.

5. B. laeera.

6. B. membranacea.

1. Blumea chinensis, DC. Prod. V. 444. Seandent; young

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, much striate and

dark brown when dry. Leaves membranous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,

acuminate or acute, narrowed to the rounded base, the edges with

remote, narrow, small sharp teeth, or sub-entire ; both surfaces glabrous,

the upper dark-brown and shining, the lower paler and tinged oliva-

ceous ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, thin but distinct

on the lower surface, faint on the upper ; length 2-25 to 3 - 25 in. ;

breadth '85 to 1-4 in. ; petiole -2 to - 3 in. Heads -35 in. across, sessile,

in small pedunculate axillary cymes, 3 in. long, diminishing upwards to

•75 in. in length ; the peduncles and their branches everywhere pubes-

cent, sometimes a small cyme with 2 to 4 heads in the same axil as a

longer one. Involucral bracts of the outer two series short, ovate-lan-

ceolate, blunt, densely pubescent, those of the inner two twice as long

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(or more), linear-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous or almost glabrous,

1-nerved, longer than the copious white pappus ; corolla-lobes hairy ;

receptacle and cypselas silky, white. Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 268.

Gonyza chinensis, Linn. Sp. PI. 862 ; Blume Bijdr. 898. B. longispina,

Zoll. et Morr. Syst. Verz. 121. G. serici-vestita, Wall. Cat. 2996b.

Baccharis jiitida, Wall, Cat. 3043.

Penang : Gurtis 2824 ; Wallich 2996, 3043. Singapobe : Bidley

2744. Pebak : Scortechini 1471.

Vab. riparia, King & Gamble. Young leaves and stems somewhat

hairy ; main-nerves of leaves 3 to 4 pairs, depressed on the upper

surface. Blumea riparia, DC Prod. Y. 444 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 85.

Gonyza riparia, Blume Bijdr. 899.

Pebak: King’s Collector 1214; Scortechini. — Disteib. Java,

Borneo.

2. Blumea balsamifeba, DC. Prod. Y. 466. A shrub, 6 to 12 feet

high; young branches nearly as thick as a goose-quill, tomentose,

striate. Leaves thickly membranous or sub-coriaceous, elliptic-lanceo-

late, coarsely and unequally serrate dentate or sub-entire, acute or

sub-acute, narrowed at the base ; upper surface dark olivaceous-green,

minutely tomentose or strigose, the lower surface with dense silky

cinereous-yellowish tomentum ; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curved,

ascending, faint on both surfaces, but especially on the lower ; length

2 to 3 in. ; breadth -75 to l - 5 in. ; petioles -2 to -75 in. long, the longer ones

often with lateral auricles ; in the lower part of the branches the leaves

often much larger. Heads sub-cylindric, sessile, or on short pedicels,

arranged in large, lax, and spreading or dense, often leafy, corymbose

or panicled, axillary and terminal tawny-tomentose cymes. Involucral

bracts linear, acuminate, densely tomentose ; hermaphrodite florets very

numerous in the centre, narrowly tubular ; receptacle naked. Cypselas

10-ribbed, silky ; pappus copious, red. Clarke Comp. Ind. 89 ; Kurz

For. FI. Burm. II. 82 ; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 270 ; Prain Bengal

Plants, 598. Gonyza balsamifera, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. II. 1208 ; Wall.

Cat. 2998; Boxb. FI. Ind. III. 427. G. vestita, Wall. Cat. 2998. C.

appendiculata Blume Bijdr. 895 ( not of Lam.).

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3143 ; Ilervey. Penang : Walker 160 ;

Scott ; Curtis 29. Pebak : Scortechini ; King’s Collector 6343 ; Wray

1741. Singapobe: G. Thomson', Hullett 372; Bidley 2742. Johobe :

King. — Disteib. British India, Malay Archipelago.

Vab. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves narrowly oblong, acute

at both ends, less than -5 in. broad.

Singapobe : Bidley 2742.

3. Blumea glomebata, DC. in Wight Contrib. 15. An erect

34 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

herb, about 18 to 24 in. high ; stem at the base nearly as thick as

a goose-quill, sparsely sub-glandular-pubescent, the hairs spreading.

Leaves membranous, olivaceous, sparsely strigose on both surfaces, the

hairs on the upper surface with bulbous bases; the lower sessile,

lyrately lobed, the lobes dentate, the apex acute ; the upper leaves

much smaller, lanceolate, dentate. Heads from '2 to - 25 in. in diam.,

in small sessile clusters of 2 or 3, all in the axils of small leaf-like

bracts along the long slender branches, forming a pseudo-spike. Invo-

lucral bracts narrowly linear, pubescent, 1-nerved ; receptacle glabrous.

Outer florets with very slender corollas. Cypselas faintly 8-10-ribbed,

glabrous; pappus in a single row, white, shining. DC. Prod. V.

443 ; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 262. B. fasciculata, DC. l.e. 442 ;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 81. B. fistulosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

1877, II. 187. B. holosericea, racemosa, spinellosa, gracilis, purpurea,

and leptoclada, DC. l.c. 442, 443. Conyza fistulosa, Boxb. Pl. Ind. III.

429. Conyza racemosa, sericea, glomerata, gracilis , purpurea and

holosericea, Wall. Cat. 3002, 3021, 3055, 3064, 3076, 3103.

Penang : Deschamps. — Disteib. British India, Malay Archipelago,

China.

4. Blumea Wightiana, DC. in Wight Contrib. 14. An erect,

little-branched herb, 1 to 3 feet high, covered everywhere with

silky white, scanty or copious, soft, sub-adpressed hairs ; stem terete,

about as thick as a goose-quill at the base, striate, brown, and nearly

glabrous (from the fall of the hairs) when old. Leaves diminishing in

size from below upwards, thickly membranous, obovate-oblong or

elliptic-obovate, the apex acute or sub-acute, gradually narrowed from

about the middle to the short petiole ; the edges with a few irregular

coarse teeth, sometimes slightly lobed ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown

when dry, and clothed, but especially the lower, with adpressed, short

white pubescence ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, faint

on both surfaces ; length 1-25 to 3 in. ; breadth -5 to P25 in. ; petioles

from •! to -25 in. long or even more, sometimes aurieled about the

middle. Heads paniculate, about -3 or -4 in. across, axillary, solitary or

in pairs (reduced cymes), or 4 to 6 in very short rounded axillary cymes

on peduncles of varying length, but always short, the upper few inches

of the stem crowded by a dense mass of cymes. Involucral bracts in

several rows, diminishing in size outwards, the inner linear, somewhat

longer than the pappus, all pubescent and 1-nerved ; receptacle naked.

Outer florets very numerous, their corollas very slender. Inner florets

about 4, much wider than the outer. Cypselas small, puberulous ;

pappus in a single row, white. DC. Prod. V. 435; Clarke Comp.

Ind. 74 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, II. 156 (excl. syn. hymeno-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

phylla) ; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 261. B. trichophora, parvifolia,

and phyllostachya, DO. l.c. 436, 437, 438. Gonyza lactuccefolia,

paniculata, hifoliata, and Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3088 (in part), 3090a,

3091, 3093. Erigeron molle, Don Prod. 172.

Penang and Singapobe : By roadsides, not common. — Disteib.

British India and Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, tropical Australia and

Africa.

5. Blumea laceba, DC. in Wight Contrib. 14. An erect herb,

2 to 3 feet high ; stems at the base nearly as thick as a goose-

quill, adpressed-pubescent. Leaves thickly membranous, oblanceolate

obtuse or sub-acute, much narrowed to the petiole, the edges unequally

and remotely dentate ; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the lower

somewhat the paler and with thin, pale pubescence ; the upper glabrous,

sub-scabrid ; length 1-5 to 2 in. ; breadth -5 to 1 in. ; petiole ‘3 to '5 in.

long. Heads -3 in. across, sub-sessile or sessile, in small rounded crowded

cymes, on slender ebracteate axillary peduncles, 1 to 2-5 in. long, sub-

tended by small leaf-like bracts, and occupying the upper half of the

stem. Involucral bracts linear-oblong, tomentose, about as long as the

pappus ; receptacle naked. Heads -4 in. across, sessile or nearly so, in

a lax, shortly-branched, leafy, cymose, pubescent panicle, 12 to 18 in.

long. Involucral bracts nearly uniform, linear, acuminate, 1-nerved,

puberulous, as long as the pappus. Receptacle slightly convex, naked.

Cypselas narrowly oblong, glabrous, not ribbed ; pappus in a single

row, white. DC. Prod. V. 436 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 76 ; Hook. fil.

FI. Br. Ind. III. 263. B. Musra, DC. l.c. 435 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. IV.

t. 23. B. villosu, Schultz-Bip. in PI. Hohenack. n. 2a. Gonyza lacera,

Eoxb. FI. Ind. III. 428 ; Wall. Cat. 3082. C. thyrsiflora, villosa, and

Musra, Ham. ; Wall. Cat. sub 3082, 3083, 3095. C. lactucifolia, DC. l.c.

435; Wall. Cat. 3088 (in part) ; Burm. FI. Ind. 180, t. 59, f. 1.

Pebak : Scortecliini 141, 1430. Singapobe: Cantley; Ilullett 227.

— Disteib. British India, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, China, tropical

Africa.

6. Blumea membbanacea, DC. Prod. V. 440. A rigid erect herb,

1 to 2 feet high ; stem at the base half as thick as a goose-quill,

minutely pubescent from base to apex, terete, striate. Leaves thinly

membranous, oblanceolate, much tapered to the base, sub-sessile, the

apex acute, the edges coarsely and often irregularly dentate, sometimes

lobulate ; both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower

paler, sparsely strigose ; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, spreading, faint on

both surfaces; length 2 to 3'5 in. ; breadth -8 to 1'5 in. ; the leaves of

the upper part of the stem smaller and bract-like. Heads -25 in. in

diam., sessile or sub-sessile, in spikes several inches long, from the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

axils of small leaf-like bracts, arranged in a narrow pseudo-panicle

occupying the upper half of the stem. Involucral bracts linear, acumi-

nate, pubescent, 1-nerved, as long as the inner pappus. Corollas very

narrow ; receptacle naked. Cypselas small, glabrous ; pappus white, in

two rows, the outer very short. Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 265. L.

hymenophylla, DC. l.e. 440. Conyza mcmbranacea and hymenophylla.

Wall. Cat. 3019, 3038. C. virens, Wall. Cat. 3037d. C. cliffusa, Boxb.

PL Ind. III. 429.

Penang : Curtis 2759; Deschamps. — Distrib. British India, Malay

Archipelago.

9. Laggeka, Schultz. -Bip.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, often rigid and decur-

rent. Heads panicled or axillary, heterogamous, disciform. Outer

flowers $ , in several rows, fertile, filiform, the mouth minutely toothed.

Disk-floivcrs $ , in several rows, fertile, tubular, 5-fid. Involucre cam-

panulate ; bracts many-rowed, narrow, often rigid, the outer shorter ;

receptacle flat, naked. Anthers 2-lobed or sagittate at the base , the

auricles obtuse or acute, often unequal, not tailed or connate with the

adjoining anthers. Style-arms of the hermaphrodite flowers and the

pappus as in Blumea. — Distrib. 9 or 10 species, in tropical Africa

and British India.

Laggera flava, Benth. in Gen. PI. II. 290. A glabrous or

puberulous herb, 6 to 30 in. high; stems striate, simple or corymbosely

branched. Leaves membranous, shining, glabrous ; the radical some-

times on short petioles ; the cauline sessile ; the lower cauline oblong,

acute, cordate and sub-amplexicaul at the base ; the upper cauline

smaller and narrower than the lower, lanceolate ; all sharply and un-

equally toothed ; main-nerves about 8 pairs, distinct, like the wide

reticulations. Heads few, ’25 in. in diam., on slender peduncles;

receptacle glabrous ; corollas yellow ; anthers sagittate. Cypselas

minute, glabrous. Clarke Comp. Ind. 90; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind.

III. 270. Blumea flava, DC. Prod. V. 439. Erigeron falcatum,

Don Prod. 172 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 191 {excl-

syn.). Conyza fasciculata, Wall. Cat. 3017.

Penang : Wallich. — Distrib. British India.

This has not been collected within our area since Wallich’s time.

10. Pluchea, Cass.

Shrubs or herbs, tomentose or glutinous. Leaves alternate, dentate

or rarely entire, sometimes pinnatifid. Heads usually small, in ter-

minal corymbose cymes, or large and sub-solitary, heterogamous, disci-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

form, white yellow, or lilac. Outer florets ? , in several series, fertile,

filiform. Disk-florets $ , few, sterile, tubular and 5-fid. Involucre

broadly ovoid or campanulate ; its bracts few or in many rows, imbri-

cate, ovate or lanceolate, dry, rigid ; receptacle flat, naked. Corollas of

the 2 flowers filiform, shorter than their own styles, their apices with

3 teeth; corollas of the $ flowers regular, tubular, the limb slightly

widened, 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate at the base, their basal auricles

tailed. Style-arms of the £ flowers filiform, entire or bifid. Cypselas

small, 4- or 5-angled. Hairs of pappus slender, rigid, in a single series,

free, or (in the sterile cypselas) connate in groups. — Disteib. About

30 species, tropical and sub-tropical.

Pluchea indica, Less. ; DC. Prod. V. 451. A low shrub, glabrous

or nearly so ; stems smooth, terete. Leaves membranous, obovate or

oblanceolate, the apex obtuse or acute, acuminate or apiculate,

narrowed to the base ; edges dentate, serrate or sub-serrate ; both sur-

faces olivaceous-brown when dry, glandular ; main-nerves 3 to 6 pairs,

curving upwards, bold beneath ; length -5 to 2-75 in. ; breadth -3 to

1- 25 in. ; petioles - 1 in. to -4 in. long. Heads '25 in. in diam., in com-

pound terminal puberulous corymbose cymes, much longer than the

leaves ; involucral bracts few, rather broad, obtuse. Florets of the

disk 3 ; those of the ray numerous. Cypselas minute, ribbed, nearly

glabrous ; pappus scanty, spreading, reddish-white. Wight 111. t. 131 ;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 93 ; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 272 ; Prain Bengal

Plants 600. P. foliosa, DC. l.c. 451. Conyza corymbosa, Boxb. FI.

Ind. III. 426 ; Wall. Cat. 3009. C. indica, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 58.

Baccharis indica, Linn.

Malacca : Griffith. Penang : Wallicli. Singapore : Kurz. Din-

dings : Curtis 3451. Perak : Scortechini 848 ; King's Collector 2893.

— Disteib. British India, Malay Archipelago, China, Australia

11. Sph^jranthus, Linn.

Annual herbs with spreading branches. Leaves alternate, toothed,

.decurrent. Floiver-lieads proper, small, heterogamous, disciform,

sessile, on a common receptacle, bracteate or not, and forming solitary,

globose, or ovoid, a head-like terminal cluster, usually bearing at its

base an involucre of a few empty bracts. Outer florets 2 < few or

many, fertile, slender ; inner solitary or few, § , fertile or sterile ;

involucre narrow, its bracts dry, narrow, unequal, acute ; receptacle

■small, naked ; pappus none. Florets : 2 with filiform, minutely

2- 3-toothed corollas ; $ with regular corollas with thickened tube

and 4-5-toothed limb. Anthers with sagittate bases acute or tailed.

Style of £ florets with filiform arms or entire. Cypselas oblong, sub-

3g Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

compressed, without pappus. — Distrib. About 8 species, tropics of

Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Sph^iranthus africanus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1314. Annual, glabrous or

pubescent, the stem and branches with long decurrent, entire wings.

Leaves membranous, oblanceolate, acute or sub-acute, with a small

bristle-point at the apex, the base narrowed and confluent with the

wing of the branch, the edges bristle-serrate ; length 1 to 3 in. ; breadth

•25 to 1‘25 in. Clusters of heads globose, - 3 to - 4 in. in diam., peduncu-

late, their involucres few, scarious, rounded or jagged, not imbricate ;

the peduncles - 25 to '4 in. long, glabrous, with a wing widening at the

base. Female florets about 15, gibbous. Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III.

275 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 601. S. africanus and S. microcephalus,

Willd. Sp. PI. III. 2395. S. microcephalus, DC. Prod. V. 360 ; Clarke

Comp. Ind. 97. S. indicus, Willd. l.c. 2394 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 62,

FI. Ind. III. 446. S. africanus, Wall. Cat. 3179 (in part).

Malacca: Griffith. Kedah: King’s Collector 1701. Singapore:

Ridley 5069. Penang : Curtis 1942 ; Descliamps. Province Welles-

ley : Ridley 7125. Perak : Scortechini 1640. — Distrib. British

India, Malay Archipelago, China, Philippines, Australia, Africa.

12. Emilia, Cass.

Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, often glaucous, some-

times sarmentose. Leaves alternate, radical, crowded, petiolate, entire,

toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid ; cauline few, stem-clasping. Heads on

long peduncles, solitary or loosely corymbose, ebracteolate at the

base, homogamous, discoid, yellow or red ; florets all $ , fertile,

tubular, the limb elongate and 5-toothed. Involucre cylindric ; its

bracts in a single series, equal, free or cohering, striate ; receptacle flat,

naked. Style-arms sub-terete, their apices short and obtuse, or long

and acute. Cypselas sub-terete, or 5-ribbed or -angled ; pappus hairs

numerous, white, silky. — Distrib. Species 14 or 15; all Indo-Malayan

and tropical African.

Emilia sonchifolia, DC. Prod. VI. 302. Annual, usually erect,

sometimes diffuse and sarmentose, 12 to 30 in. high. Leaves : the

lower lyrate-pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, rarely elliptic, glabrous or

puberulous, sometimes scaberulous, 1-5 to 4 in. long ; petioles variable

but rarely exceeding an inch in length ; cauline leaves much smaller,

hastate or linear-hastate, dentate, sessile and aurieulate, more or less

stem-clasping. Heads -4 in. long and the same in diam. when expanded,

on long ebracteate or scantily bracteate peduncles, collected in lax

terminal long pedunculate spreading corymbs. Involucre nearly as

long as the purple florets, eealyculate ; its bracts linear-oblong, sub-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acute. Gypselas truncate at each end, minutely hairy. DC. in Wight

Contrib. 24. E. sonchifolia, vars. a and /3, Clarke Comp. Ind. 174.

Calcalia sonchifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. 835 ; Eoxb. FI. Ind. III. 413 ; Don

Prod. 180; Wall. Cat. 3144. E. glabra, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 3145.

Gynura ecalyculata, DC. l.c. 298. Prenanthes sarmentosa, Wall. Cat.

3262e. E. scabra, DC. l.c. 303; Wight Ic. 1123. E. mucronata,

Clarke Comp. Ind. 175.

Singapore : Hullett 240. Penang : Deschamps ; Scortechini ;

Stolickza. — Distrib. British India, Malay Archipelago, China.

Var. minor, King & Gamble. Little more than a foot high, lower

leaves broadly ovate, truncate at the base, on long narrow winged

petioles.

Perak : King’s Collector 301. Penang : in Klang and Batu Gaja

jungles : Deschamps.

In this variety the terminal lobe only of the leaf is developed, the lower part being

long and narrow like a petiole.

13. Gynura, Cass.

Succulent herbs, rarely undershrubs, sometimes climbers, glabrous

or hispid. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed or pinnatisect. Heads

solitary or in corymbs, bracteolate at the base, homogamous, disciform,

yellow or purplish. Florets yellow : all the $ tubular, fertile (rarely a

few of the outer ones more slender and $ ) the limb 5-toothed. Involucre

cylindric or sub-campanulate ; the bracts 10 or 12, in a single series,

narrow, equal; their margins scarious; receptacle flat, pitted or shortly

fimbrillate. Anthers with bases entire or sub-auricled. Style-arms

slender; their apices long, slender, subulate, hispid. Cypselas narrow,

many-ribbed ; hairs of pappus copious, in many series, slender, white. —

Distrib. Species about 20, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Scandent ; leaves subentire or slightly dentate, petiolate . . 1. G. sarmentosa.

An erect herb ; leaves always boldly dentate and often pinnatisect

or pinnatifid, sessile and often snb-amplexicaul or auriculate .. 2. G.licolor.

1. Gynura sarmentosa, DC. Prod. VI. 298. Stem and branches

loosely twining, glabrous except the puberulous peduncles, thinner than

a goose-quill, pale brown and striate when dry. Leaves succulent,

elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base cuneate,

the edges subentire or slightly dentate, both surfaces brown when

dry, glabrous ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading, faint on both

surfaces ; length 1 to 3 in. ; breadth - 4 to 1 in. ; petioles of the lower

leaves - 15 to - 4 in. ; the small upper leaves often sessile. Heads few,

•65 to -75 in. long, and as much in diam., on slender puberulous

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pedicels usually in scanty, lax, long-peduncled, axillary and terminal

cymes longer than the leaves ; bracteoles of the panicle and of the

calyculus at the base of the involucre few, small, linear. Involucre

spreading little, its bracts narrowly oblong, subacute or blunt,

glabrous ; their edges scarious, nearly as long as the florets.

Cypselas small, brown, with 10 puberulous ribs; pappus white.

Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 335. G. Finlaysoniana, DC. l.c. 299 ;

Deless. Ic. Sel. IV. t. 55. Cacalia cylindrifolia, reclinata, and Fin-

laysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3150, 3151, 3162. Sonchus voluhilis, Rumph.

Herb. Amb. Y. t. 103 f. 2.

In all the provinces, common. — Distbib. Malayan Archipelago;

Siam ; Philippines.

2. Gynuba bicoloe, DC. Prod. YI. 299. Herbaceous, 2 or 3 feet

high, glabrous or sparsely and minutely glandular-hairy on the upper

part ; stems erect, branched, about the thickness of a quill near the

base, boldly striate when dry. Leaves pinnatisect or pinnatifid, the

lobules acutely dentate ; the terminal lobe narrow and acuminate,

narrowed at the base into a petiole varying in length from -5 to 1 in. ;

the upper sessile and often auriculate at the base, or shorter and

narrowly obtuse with large teeth ; length 2-5 to 5 in. ; breadth -4 to

3 in. Heads about -5 in. long, less in diam. Involucral bracts

narrow, with scarious margins and acute often recurved tips.

Cypselas very slender, much ribbed, sub-glabrous; pappus copious,

white, tinged with pink. Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 335. Cacalia

bicolor, Roxb. FI. Ind. III. 412 ; Salisb. Hort. Parad. t. 25 ; Bot.

Regist. t. 110.

Singapobe : Ridley 1618. Johobe : Ridley 2741 ; King. Peeak :

Wray 1445, 3599. Penang: Deschamps. Malacca: Griffith (K.D.),

3235. — Distbib. China, Moluccas.

14. Siege sbeckia, Linn.

Glandular-pubescent herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed. Heads in

leafy panicles, heterogamous, sub-radiate, yellow or white. Ray-

florets ? , in a single series, fertile, the corollas short-tubed, with

2-3-fid limb or a short, broad ligule. Disk-florets £, fertile, or

the inner ones sterile ; the corollas regular, tubular, the limb cam-

panulate and 5-fid or narrow and 3- to 4-toothed. Involucre cam-

panulate or hemispheric, the bracts few, herbaceous, glandular, the

outer usually 5, spathulate, spreading ; the inner enclosing the ray-

florets. Receptacle small ; the pales membranous, concave. Anthers

with entire bases. Style of $ florets with short, flattened, sub-acute

arms. Cypselas obovoid-oblong, often incurved, their apices obtuse ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pappus none. — Distrib. Six species, one cosmopolitan, tropical and

sub-tropical, the others South American and African.

Siegesbeckia orient alis, Linn. Sp. PI. 900. An erect annual,

1 to 3 feet high, branching, the lower branches opposite, everywhere

clothed with pubescence, often glandular and crisped. Leaves mem-

branous, opposite, the lower ovate sub-rhomboid, the upper ovate-

lanceolate, dentate or crenate, passing into linear-lanceolate, and

sometimes entire ; all euneate at the base ; both surfaces olivaceous

when dry ; the upper scabrid, hispid ; the lower more softly hairy ;

main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curved, spreading ; length 1 to 4 in. ;

petioles very short or absent. Involucre with the outer bracts longer

than the inner. Cypselas black, the outer enclosed in the glandular

involucral bracts. Boiss. PI. Orient. III. 250; DC. Prod. V. 495;

Wight Ic. 1103 ; Wall. Cat. 3182 ; Hook. fil. El. Br. Ind. III. 304 ;

Prain Bengal Plants, 607. S. glutinosa, Wall. Cat. 3182. S. brachiata

and S. orientalis, Boxb. El. Ind. III. 432. Minyrantlies lieterophylla,

'Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Misc. 1851, I. 181.

In all the provinces, near habitations.

15. Eclipta, Linn.

Strigose or hirsute annuals. Leaves opposite. Heads small, axillary

-or terminal, pedunculate, heterogamous, rayed. Bay-florets ? , sub-

2-seriate, fertile or sterile, ligulate, small, entire or bifid, white rarely

yellow. Dish-florets <? , fertile, tubular, 4-5-fid. Involucre hemispheric

■or broadly campanulate ; its bracts sub-2-seriate, herbaceous, the outer

large and broad ; receptacle flat or nearly so, the outer pales enclosing

several florets ; the inner ones narrow, sometimes absent. Anthers

with obtuse, almost entire, bases. Style-arms flattened, with short

triangular or obtuse appendages. Cypselas of the ray narrow, tri-

quetrous, sometimes barren ; those of the disk stouter, somewhat

compressed laterally, the apex entire, toothed or 2-aristate. — Distrib.

'7 species in South America and Australia, and 1 cosmopolitan in the

tropics.

Eclipta erecta, Linn. Mant. II. 266. An erect or diffuse branched

slender herb, hirsute or strigillose. Leaves variable in form and size,

sessile or with very short petioles ; linear, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly

■elliptic ; narrowed at both ends ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, spreading,

faint ; length 1 to 4 in. ; breadth -2 to ‘5 in. Heads ‘3 to - 4 in.

in diam., solitary or in pairs from the leaf-axils; the peduncles '25

to P5 in. long, when in pairs always unequal. Involucral bracts

•equal to or longer than the flowers, unequal, ovate or obovate, apiculate.

Cypselas scabrid, without pappus. ' Clarke Comp. Ind. 134 ; Hook.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 304 ; Prain Bengal Plants ; 610. Lam. 111. t.

687. E. alba, Hassk. PI. Jay. Bar. 528; Clarke Comp. Ind. 134;

Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 304. E. marginata, Boiss. PI. Orient.

III. 249. E. prostrata, Linn. Mant. II. 266 ; Boxb. PI. Ind. III. 438.

E. prostrata, undulata, and parviflora, Wall. Cat. 3209, 3210, 3213.

Verbesina alba and prostrata, Linn. Sp. PI. 902.

In all the provinces. In and near cultivated ground. — Distbib.

The tropics generally.

16. Wedelia, Jacq.

Hirsute or scabrid-pubescent herbs or undershrubs, sometimes

scandent. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal, hetero-

gamous, rayed. Bay-florets 2 , fertile, ligulate, spreading, entire,

or 2-toothed at the apex. Disk-florets £ , fertile or the inner sterile ;

the corolla tubular, regular, with elongate 5-toothed limb. Involucre

campanulate or sub-hemispheric ; its bracts sub-2-seriate, the outer

3 to 5 usually herbaceous, the inner dry; receptacle flat or convex,

the pales enclosing the flowers. Anthers entire or sub-sagittate at

the base. Style of £ florets with acute arms hirsute at their

tips. Cypsclas cuneate-oblong or obovoid, thick, smooth or tubercled,

laterally compressed or the outer triquetrous, tip rounded, margins

obtuse or thickened ; pappus none, or reduced to a toothed cup or ring,

or sometimes of short scales with occasionally a few bristles. — Distbib.

Species about 70, tropical and sub-tropical.

Wedelia biflora, DC. in Wight Contrib. PI. Ind. 18. Scandent;

stem and branches hispid-puberulous when very young, afterwards

almost glabrous, obtusely 4-angled, grooved when dry. Leaves mem-

branous, broadly ovate or ovate-subrhomboid to lanceolate, apex

acuminate, edges coarsely serrate except at the broad, slightly

euneate base; both surfaces dull olivaceous green when dry,

minutely reticulate, sparsely hispid-puberulous ; main-nerves one-

large pair ascending from the base of the midrib to near the apex

branching outwards and one or two smaller pairs from above the

middle of the midrib, all distinct on both surfaces ; length 2 to 4'5 in. ;

breadth l - 25 to 2 - 75 in.; petioles '75 to 1'5 in., those of the branches

smaller. Heads about '5 in. in diam., solitary on a short peduncle

•75 in. or less in length, or 2 to 4 on peduncles two or three times as

long. Involucral bracts in two rows, oblong or ovate-lanceolate,

apiculate, concave, scabrid-puberulous outside like the peduncles,

often recurved. Bipe cypselas triquetrous, scaberulous, the apex

with some hairs and several short bristles, one longer than the

others. Hook. fil. PL Br. Ind. III. 306. W. scandens, Benth. ; Prain

Bengal Plants, 612 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 136 ( excl . syn.). Woolastonia

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

biflora and W. scabriuscula, DC. Prod. V. 546, 547. W. biflora,

Wight Ic. 1108. Verbesina biflora, Linn. Sp. PI. Ed. II. 1272. Wall.

Cat. 3207 (in part). V. dichotoma, Wall. Cat. 3024 (in part).

Eclipta scabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 3212 (partly). Acmella biflora, Spreng.

Syst. III. 591.

On the sea coast, common.

17. Spilanthes, Linn.

Annual herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal,,

usually on long peduncles, heterogamous and rayed, or homogamous

and disciform. Bay-florets J , in a single series, fertile, ligulate, white

or yellow. Dish-florets $ , fertile, tubular, with 4- or 5-fid limb.

Involucre ovoid or campanulate, the bracts sub-2-seriate ; receptacle

convex, elongate, the pales enclosing the flowers often connate with

the ovary into a stalk. Anthers with truncate entire or bifid bases.

Style-arms of ? florets truncate. Cypselas of ray-florets triquetrous

or dorsally compressed, the margins and angles usually ciliate; pappus

none or of 2 or 3 bristles. — Distrib. About 40 species, chiefly tropical

American.

Spilanthes Acmella, Murr. Syst. ed. XIII. 610. Erect or ascend-

ing, glabrous, branched, 1 to 2 feet long; the branches as thick as

a crow-quill, striate, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves mem-

branous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, with sub-acute apex and cuneate

base, the edges crenate serrate or entire ; main-nerves a single pair,

ascending; length -75 to 1-5 in.; petioles -1 to -3 in. long. Heads ovoid-

conical, -35 to - 5 in. long, on slender peduncles 1 to 2-5 in long, solitary

or in very lax panicles. Involucral bracts short, oblong, blunt or sub-

acute, 3-nerved. Bay-florets minute. Cypselas sometimes marginate,

seabrid or smooth ; pappus of one or two bristles or absent. DC. Prod.

V. 623 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 614 ; Wall. Cat. 3285 ; Clarke Comp.

Ind. 138 ; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 307. S. calva, DC. l.c. V. 625 ;

Wight Ic. 1109. S. pseudo- Acmella, Linn. ; DC. l.c. 625, and in

Wight Contrib. 19; Wall. Cat. 3185. S. oleracea, Jacq. Hort. Vind. II.

t. 135 ; Eoxb. PI. Ind. III. 410 ; DC. l.c. 624. Bidens fervida and

B. fixa, Lamk. Diet. I. 415, 416. Cotula conica. Wall. Cat. 3185.

Verbesina Acmella, Linn. Sp. PI. 901. V. pseudo- Acmella, Linn. l.c. 901.

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3186 ; Cuming 2361. Perak : Scortechini

1400. Penang : Deschamps.

18. Synedrella, Gaertn.

Annual branched herbs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, dentate. Heads

small, axillary and terminal, heterogamous, rayed. Involucre ovoid or

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

oblong, its bracts few ; the outer one or two foliaceous, passing into the

flat scarious pales of the small receptacle. Bay-florets few, 2 , ligulate,

with short broad 2-3-toothed lamina. Disk-florets § , tubular, regular,

the limb 4-toothed. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sub-entire.

Style-arms of 3 florets long, acute. Cypselas of ray-florets much

compressed dorsally, smooth, their edges winged and with long teeth ;

those of the 3 few, narrower, compressed or trigonous often muri-

cate; pappus in both consisting of 2 (rarely more) bristles. — Distrib.

Species 2, tropical American, 1 also Asiatic and African.

Synedrella nodiflora, Gaertn. Fruct. II. 456, t. 1-71, f. 7. An

erect dichotomous annual with terete wiry glabrous branches thicker

than a crow-quill ; all parts more or less scaberulous. Leaves mem-

branous, opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, the base cuneate, the edges

serrate or crenate (sometimes obscurely so) ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs,

the lower pair long and bold, the others short and faint; both surfaces

minutely and sparsely strigose, and greenish when dry ; length -75 to

3 in. ; breadth -3 to 1-25 in. ; petioles -1 to -4 in. often ciliate on the edges.

Heads -25 in. in diam., axillary, solitary or in small clusters, usually

sessile but sometimes on short peduncles ; inner bracts of the involucre

linear-lanceolate, shining. Cypselas of the inner flowers muricate,

with 2 unequal hispid pappus hairs longer than themselves and than

the corolla ; outer cypselas shorter, broader, smooth, black ; their

edges winged, deeply toothed, pale. Hook. Exot. Flora, t. 60 ; Clarke

Comp. Ind. 139; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 308; Prain Bengal

Plants, 615. Verbesina nodiflora, Linn. Amoen. Acad. IV. 290.

Near cultivation, common.

19. Bidens, Linn.

Herbaceous, annual or perennial, sometimes scandent. Leaves

opposite, entire, irregularly lobed or 1-2-pinnatisect. Heads small and

corymbose or larger and sub- solitary, heterogamous and rayed. Bay-

florcts in one series, neuter or rarely 2 , fertile, the corolla ligulate,

yellow or white, spreading, entire or somewhat toothed. Disk-florets

3, fertile, tube, cylindric, limb shortly 5-fid; occasionally homogamous

from the abortion of the ray-florets. Involucre campanulate or sub-

hemispheric, its bracts in two series, often slightly connate below ;

the outer short herbaceous or long and leafy, the inner membranous ;

receptacle flat or convex ; its pales narrow, little concave. Anthers

entire or bluntly sagittate at the base. Style of 3 florets with arms

hirsute upwards and short acute or long apices. Cypselas dorsally

compressed or somewhat tetragonous, linear or cuneiform, often

narrowed but not beaked above ; pappus of 2 to 4 persistent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 45

retrorsely barbellate arms. — Distrib. About 120 species, chiefly

American.

Bidens pilosa, Linn. Sp. PI. 832. An erect, very variable, glabrous

pubescent or pilose herb, 6 to 24 in. high ; stems when dry 4-angled.

Leaves 3-fid to 3-partite, or 2-3-pinnatifid, their segments broadly or

narrowly ovate to lanceolate, serrate. Heads -3 to -4 in. across, on long

stout petioles of varying length, terminal or axillary. Bay-flowers

when present white or yellow, often absent. Involucral bracts shorter

than the flowers, broadly oblong, with scarious margins. Cypselas

black, compressed, long, narrow, slender, ribbed; pappus of 3 or 4

bristles shorter than the cypselas, pale brown.

Var. 1 pilosa proper, Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 309 ; leaves 3-fid

or 3-sect, their segments broadly or narrowly ovate or lanceolate,

serrate. B. pilosa, Linn. ; DC. Prod. V. 597 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 140 ;

Prain Bengal Plants, 616. B. leucantha, Willd. B. chinensis, Willd.;.

Wall. Cat. 3189 (in part). B. tripartita and B. bipinnata, Wall. Cat.

3187 (in part).

Var. 2 bipinnata, Hook. fil. l.c. 309 ; leaves bipinnately compound,

their segments ovate lanceolate or linear, entire lobed or toothed.

B. bipinnata, Linn. ; Eoxb. PI. Ind. III. 411. B. chinensis, Wall. Cat.

3189 (in part). B. Wallichii, DC. Prod. V. 598.

Var. 3 decomposita, Hook. fil. l.c. 310; leaves deeompoundly

pinnatifid, segments linear, slender. B. decomposita, Wall, in DC.

Prod. V. 602, Cat. 3188 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 141 excl. var. /3.

In all the provinces : in waste ground near cultivation, but not

common. — Distrib. In all warm countries.

20. Tridax, Linn.

A perennial herb. Leaves opposite, pinnatisect, with few narrow

segments. Heads solitary on very long peduncles, heterogamous,.

rayed. Ray-florets ? , fertile, ligulate or bilabiate, the outer lip large

3-fid, the inner small and 2-fid or none. Dish-florets 4 , fertile, tubular,

the limb elongate and 5-fid. Involucral bracts in few series, the outer

short broad herbaceous ; receptacle flat or convex ; its scales mem-

branous. Anthers with short acute auricles at their bases. Style-arms

of the 4 flowers hairy above, their apices subulate. Cypselas oblong

or depressed- globose, silky; pappus of unequal aristate feathery bristles.

— Distrib. 7 species, tropical American, 1 being an introduced weed

in the tropics of Asia.

Tridax procumbens, Linn. Sp. PI. 900. Procumbent, hirsute, with

slightly branched stems as thick as a crow-quill. Leaves membranous,

few, ovate-lanceolate, deeply and irregularly serrate, -5 to 2 in. long.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Heads -4 to -6 in. in diam., on slender erect solitary peduncles 3 to 8 in.

long. Cypselas brown ; pappus shining, white. DC. Prod. Y. 679 ;

Wall. Cat. 3197; Clarke Comp. Ind. 142; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III.

311 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 618.

In cultivated and waste places : an introduction.

21. Centipeda, Lour.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed.

Heads small, axillary, sessile or racemose, heterogamous, disciform,

yellow. Outer florets 2 , in many rows, fertile, their corollas minute,

obscurely lobed. Disk-florets i , few, fertile, their corollas with short

tube and campanulate 4-fid limb. Involucre hemispheric, its bracts in

2 series, spreading in fruit ; receptacle naked. Anthers obtuse and

entire at the base. Style-arms of $ flower short, truncate. Cypselas

4-angled, the apices obtuse, the angles hairy ; the hairs sometimes

hooked; pappus none. — Distkib. 43 species, Asiatic, Australian, and

South American.

Centipeda obbiculabis, Lour. PI. Cochinch. III. 493. An annual

prostrate herb with numerous thin rooting stems, glabrous or sparsely

tomentose. Leaves obovate-oblong or cuneate, - 2 to - 5 in. long, sparsely

toothed. Heads • 1 to - 15 in. in diam., globose, solitary, axillary, sub-

sessile. Florets, 2 minute, numerous, tubular, minutely 3-toothed ;

£ 10 to 12, 4-toothed. Cypselas with simple hairs. Hook. fil. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 317 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 620. C. minuta, Benth. in

Bth. & Hook. fil. Gen. PI. II. 230 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 151. Myriogyne

minuta, Less. ; DC. Prod. YI. 139. Cotula sternutatoria, Wall. Cat.

3259. C. minima, Willd. Sp. PI. III. 2170. Dichrocephala Schmidii,

Wight Ic. 1610. Artemisia sternutatoria, Eoxb. PI. Ind. III. 423.

A. minima, Linn. Sp. PI. 849. Sphceromorphcea centipeda, DC.

l.c. 140.

In all the provinces : by the sides of roads in cultivated ground,

not common.

22. Aktemisia, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, usually fragrant. Leaves alternate, 1- to 3-pinna-

tisect, serrate or entire. Heads small, numerous, racemose or panieled,

solitary or in fascicles (never corymbose), heterogamous or homogamous,

disciform. Outer florets 2, in a single series, fertile, very slender,

2- to 3-toothed. Disk-florets § , fertile or sterile, the limb 5-fid. Invo-

lucre ovoid, sub-globose or hemispheric ; bracts in few series, the outer

shorter, their margins scarious ; receptacle flat or convex, naked or

hairy. Anthers with entire obtuse bases. Style-arms of the £ florets

with truncate, usually penicillate, tips. Cypselas very minute, oblong,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 47

ellipsoid or sub-obovoid, faintly striate ; pappus none. — Disteib. About

240 species in the north temperate regions mostly of the Old World.

Aetemisia vulgaeis, Linn. Sp. PL 848. A small shrub ; stems as

thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry, sub-glaucous and with sparse

white pubescence. Leaves membranous, varying much in shape and

size, those near the base several inches long, large pinnatipartite or

bi-pinnatipartite, the pinnules oblong, the ultimate lobes entire with

sub-aristate apices, leaves of the stem diminishing in size upwards,

laciniate, and passing near the apex into simple linear bracts less than

•5 in. long ; all glabrous on the upper surface and white adpressed-

pubescent on the lower. Meads about '15 in. long, cylindric or narrowly

campanulate, sessile, solitary or in small clusters, in axillary sub-secund

spikes of varying length, the upper part of the stem forming a long

spike. Involucral bracts only 5 or 6, broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate,

the inner scarious. Corollas glabrous. DC. Prod. V. 112 ; Boiss. PI.

Orient. III. 371 ; Boxb. PI. Ind. III. 420 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 161 ;

Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 325. A. indica, Willd. ; DC. l.c. 114; Boxb.

PI. Ind. III. 419 ; Wight Ic. 1112 ; Wall. Cat. 3293. A. dubia, Wall.

Cat. 3307 ; DC. l.c. 110. A. myriantha, Wall. Cat. 3297; DC. l.c. 112.

A. paniculata, Boxb. PI. Ind. III. 418. A. leptostachya, DC. l.c. 113.

A. grata, Wall. Cat. 3294 (in part ) ; DC. l.c. 114. A. lavandulcefolia,

DC. l.c. 110.

In all the provinces, near cultivation, not common and probably

introduced. — Disteib. Europe, Northern Asia, India, mountains of

the Malayan Archipelago.

23. Ceepis, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, hairs all simple.

Leaves alternate, radical or cauline, the latter often stem-clasping,

entire toothed or pinnatifid. Heads pedunculate, solitary, fasciculate

or corymbose, yellow or red, homogamous, ligulate. Involucre cylindric

or campanulate ; bracts either multi- seriate and regularly imbricate, or

the outer smaller and shorter than the single series of inner ; base

of midrib often thickened after flowering ; receptacle flat, rarely

concave, naked or shortly fimbrillate. Corollas ligulate, with broad

5-toothed apices. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sagittate, the

auricles acute or shortly setaceous. Cypselas more or less fusiform or

oblong, rarely short and cylindric, often slender, glabrous or scaberulous,

10- to 20-ribbed, the apex narrowed or beaked ; pappus usually

copious, short or long, the hairs simple, soft, usually silvery, rarely

brownish and stiff or brittle. — Disteib. Species about 10, chiefly in

the northern regions of the Old World.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cbepis japonica, Bentli. PI. Hongk., 194. Annual; glabrous or

puberulous ; stems one or more from the same root, 6 to 18 in. high.

Radical leaves oblanceolate, runcinate-pinnatifid or sinuately toothed,

1 to 2-5 in. long, usually on petioles ‘5 to P5 in. long ; cauline leaves

few, much smaller and often sessile. Heads - 2 in. long and - 3 in. in

diam. when expanded, on short, slender pedicels with linear minute

braeteoles at their bases, collected at the apices of the long, slender

stems in compact or lax corymbose cymes. Involucres shorter than

the florets, their bracts in two rows, the outer very short ; the inner

6 or 7, narrowly oblong, blunt, with narrow hyaline margins and dark,,

thickened midribs. Gypselas '1 in. long, contracted below the apex,

but not beaked, compressed, with many smooth or puberulous ribs,

equal to or shorter than the soft, white pappus. Hook. fil. PL Br. Ind.

III. 395; Prain Bengal Plants, 627. C. lyrata, Clarke Comp.

Ind. 253. Youngia lyrata, Cass. ; Thw. Enum. PL Ceyl. 168. Young ia

Thunbergiana, runcinata, napifolia, Poosia, ambigua, fastigiata and

striata, DO. Prod. VII. 192, 193. Y. napifolia, Wight Ic. 1147.

Lactuca napifolia, DC. in Wight Contrib. 27. Chondrilla runci-

nata, Wall. Cat. 3272. Prenantlies Poosia and napifolia, Wall.

Cat. 3265, 3277. P. japonica, Linn. Mant. 107. P. striata, Blume

Bijdr. 885.

In all the provinces, near or in cultivated ground.

Order LXII. STYLIDIE^L

Herbaceous plants, rarely undershrubs. Leaves radical or scattered

or fasciculate on the stem, more or less subverticillate, entire, often

small and narrow, no stipules. Floivcrs in terminal racemes or thyrsoid

or corymbose panicles, irregular, perfect, pedicels bracteate. Calyx-

tuba adnate to the ovary ; limb 2-lipped, upper lip 3-, lower 2-flowered.

Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed, 4 lobes spreading, the fifth (lip) smaller,

irregular, the lobes imbricate. Stamens 2, parallel, inserted on a

glandular disk surmounting the ovary ; filaments connate with the

style into a column; anthers sessile on the column, the cells sub-

confluent. Ovary inferior, 2-celled ; style entire or divided into two

stigmas ; ovules many in each cell, on axile placentas on the middle of

the dissepiment, anatropous. Fruit a 2-celled capsule, sometimes

1-celled by the suppression of the septum, the valves cohering at the

base. Seeds minute, numerous, sub-globose ; albumen fleshy ; testa

thin ; embryo minute, next the hilum. — Distbib. Species about 100,

Australian, with a few in tropical Asia, New Zealand, and Antarctic

America.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stylidium, Sw.

Herbs, with the habit leaves and inflorescence of the Order.

Calyx-lobes 5, bilabiate. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes sub-erect

in pairs, the fifth smaller, recurved. Stamens in an elongate column,

often recurved or reflexed, especially when irritated. Ovary 2-eelled,

stigma entire. — Disteib. 85 Australian species and 3 Indian or

Malayan.

Stylidium tenellum, Swartz in Gesellsch. Nat. Berl. Mag. 1807,

51. t. 2, fig. 3, not of Br. A small erect herb ; stem simple, leafy,

glabrous, 4 to 8 in. high, dichotomous, compressed. Leaves scattered,

alternate, oblong or oblong-obovate, lower ones broader -2 to -3 in. long,

upper ones narrower, getting gradually smaller upwards and passing

gradually into bracts ; nerves of lower leaves 3, from the base. Flowers

sessile, 2 to 5, alternate ; bracts minute, linear. Calyx bilabiate, upper

3-, lower 2-lobed, lobes linear. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes erect

linear, the fifth recurved, spathulate. Staminal column exsert, stamens 2,

anthers 2-celled, eonnivent. Ovary inferior, elongate, 2-celled, many-

seeded, stigma entire. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, -5 to -7 in. long;

seeds minute, papillose. DC. Prod. VII. 336; Hook. fil. and Th. in

Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 8; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 571; Kurz in Flora,

1872, 304. S. roseum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV. ii. 137,

XLVI. ii. 212 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 420.

Penang : Ridley 7103. Pkovince Wellesley, at Butterworth :

G. King. Malacca : Sivartz. — Disteib. Eastern Bengal and Burma,

in Dacca, Chittagong and Mergui.

S. uliginosum, Swartz, is recorded in FI. Br. Ind. as from “ Malacca fide H. f.

and T." ; as we have seen no specimens, we consider it sufficient to record the fact.

In Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. it is S. ICunthii, Wall., that is recorded from Malacca, and it

seems more likely that this is right as Griffith obtained it at Mergui.

Order LXIII. GOODENOVIE^E.

Shrubs, undershrubs, but chiefly herbs, juice not milky. Leaves

alternate or radical, rarely opposite, entire dentate or occasionally

pinnatifid ; stipules none. Floivers hermaphrodite, axillary or in

terminal spikes, racemes or panicles, regular or irregular, bracts and

bracteoles occasionally present. Calyx with the tube adnate to the

ovary or free ; lobes 5, sometimes very small, sometimes connate in a

ring or obsolete. Corolla gamopetalous, inserted on the calyx, usually

white, yellow or blue, rarely red ; lobes 5, valvate, usually induplicate-

winged, Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted on the

,50 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

disk crowning the ovary ; free or connate in a ring around the style ;

anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and in-

trorsely. Ovary 1-2-celled; style simple with a cup-shaped sheath

including the stigma ; ovules 1 or many in each cell, erect or ascending,

rarely pendulous, inserted on the dissepiment or central. Fruit an

indehiscent drupe or a capsule with 2 or 4 valves usually dehiscing

irregularly. Seeds albuminous ; testa thin crustaceous or thick and

hard ; embryo erect in the axis of the fleshy albumen, the radicle

inferior. — Distkib. Over 200 species, mostly Australian, a few in New

Zealand, Antarctic America, the Pacific Islands, or on the coasts of

tropical Asia, Africa, and the West Indies.

1. SCiEVOLA, Linn.

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely

opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in dichotomously

branched cymes, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx with the tube adnate to

the ovary, turbinate, ovoid or globose ; limb short, annular or 5-lobed,

sometimes obsolete. Corolla oblique, split to the base behind, lobes

sub-equal or the two uppermost shorter, at length digitately patent.

Stamens free. Ovary 2-celled, with solitary erect ovules in each cell,

or 1-celled with 1—2 erect ovules ; sheath cupular ; stigma truncate or

divaricately 2-lobed. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, exocarp thin or fleshy,

endocarp hard and woody rarely crustaceous. Seeds solitary ; embryo

smooth, cotyledons sometimes broader than the inferior radicle.

Distbib. About 60 species, 2 Asiatic, 8-10 of the Pacific Islands and

the coasts of Asia, 1 extending to the coasts of Africa and the West

Indies, the rest Australian.

Sg®vola Koenigii, Yahl Symb. III. 36 (1794). An evergreen

large glabrous shrub with stout stem and branches, soft spongy pith and

coarse fibrous wood. Leaves alternate, sessile, obovate-oblong, obtuse

at apex, decurrent at base, 3 to 6 in. long, about 2 in. broad, entire

or obscurely crenate, more or less fleshy when green, membranous

when dry, silky pubescent on both sides or somewhat glabrous on the

upper surface, tufted hairy in the axils ; midrib stout, prominent,

broad, main-nerves 10-12 pair, slender, arching upwards and joining

near the margin, secondary nerves few slender, reticulations many,

indistinct. Flowers white, in axillary few-flowered dichotomous

pubescent cymes shorter than the leaves; bracts small, subulate, about

■1 in. long; common peduncle '5 to '6 in. long; pedicels ’1 to ‘2 in. long;

bracteoles 2, similar to the bracts. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary,

■2 in. long, densely villous ; lobes '2 to "3 in. long, linear-lanceolate or

spathulate, ciliate, pubescent, enlarged in fruit. Corolla-tube '7 to - 8 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, narrow, pubescent without, villous within; lobes valvately indupli-

cate-winged, -25 to -4 in. long, lanceolate, prominently veined, villous-

hairy within. Stamens erect, free, inserted around the ovary-sheath,

■75 in. long; filaments thin, anthers ovate, introrse, cells parallel,

connective produced above with short divergent lobes. Ovary 2-celled,

crowned with the oblong bifid stigma which is surrounded by a long-

fringed sheath ; ovules 1 in each cell, erect. Fruit a 2-celled ovate-

globose succulent drupe, '3 to - 5 in. in diam., depressed, above, ribbed,

endocarp bony. Larnk. 111. t. 124, fig. 2 ; DC. Prod. VII. 505 ; Hook,

f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 8; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 2732;

Blume Bijdr. 730 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 580 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 212, For. FI. II. 84; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III.

421 ; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 54 ; Cooke Bomb. Flora, II. 69 ; Benth.

FI. Austr. IV. 86. S. sericea, Forst. ; DC. l.c. 506 ; Blume Bijdr.

750 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 581. S. Taccacla, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 15,

FI. Ind. I. 527 ; DC. l.c. 505 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 134 ;

Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; Wall. Cat. 1314; Wight 111. t.

137. S. Lobelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250 ; De Vriese

Goodenov. 20-26 and in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 20, not of Linn.

S. Plumieri, Blume Bijdr. 730, not of Vahl. S. montana, Lab. Sert.

Austr.-Caled. 41, t. 42 ; DC. l.c. 506. S. velutina, Presl in Bel.

Haenck. II. 57 ; DC. l.c. 506. S. Bela-Modagam, Bcem. and Sch.

Syst. V. 163 ; DC. l.c. 505. S. Lesohenaultii, DC. l.c. 506. S.

macrocalyx, De Vriese Gooden. 26, tab. 3, figs. 1-4. S. chlorantha and

S. Lambertiana, De Vriese, l.c. 27, 28. S. lativaga, Hance in Walp.

Ann. II. 1054. Lobelia frutescens, Linn. FI. Zeyl. 148. L. Taccada,

Gasrtn. Fruct. I. 119, tab. 25, fig. 5. L. Plumieri, Burm. FI. Ind. 186,

not of Linn. Gerbera Salutaris, Lour. FI. Cochinch. 136. Buglossum

litoreum, Bumph. Herb. Amb. IV. 116, t. 54. “ B61a-Modagam,”

Bheede Hort. Mai. IV. t. 59.

Penang: Wallich 1314. Malacca: Griffith. Johore : Jensen.

Singapore : Sir Ii. Schomburgk 82 ; G. King ; G. Thomson. — Distrib.

Sea-shores of India from Sind to Ceylon ; Burma ; Malay Islands and

eastwards to Australia and Polynesia.

Order LXIV. CAMPANU LACE.F.

Herbs, undershrubs, rarely shrubs ; erect or climbing ; often with

milky juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire toothed or

rarely lobed, no stipules. Inflorescence axillary or terminal ; flowers

solitary, racemose or paniculate ; bracts small ; bracteoles none (present

in Sgphenoclca) . Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb few- or many-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobed or -partite, lobes usually persistent in fruit, valvate or imbricate

in bud. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, rotate or campanulate, superior,

sometimes bilabiate ; lobes as many as those of the calyx, valvate or

induplicate-valvate, sometimes 1, 2, or all free to the base. Stamens

equal in number to the corolla-lobes and alternate with them ; inserted

on the epig'ynous disk or (in Sphenoclea) on the corolla-tube ; filaments

free or connate in a tube ; anthers linear, oblong or ovate, free or

connate in a tube, 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and

introrsely. Ovary usually inferior, 2-5- rarely more-celled ; placentas

axile, many ovuled; style simple, clavate, within the staminal tube;

stigma-lobes as many as the ovary-cells ; ovules anatropous, erect

horizontal or pendulous. Fruit capsular or baccate, crowned by the

persistent calyx-lobes, dehiscing vertically or laterally, or indehiscent.

Seeds very many, small, albuminous ; testa thin, coriaceous ; embryo^

erect, radicle inferior. — Distrib. Over 1,000 species, scattered

throughout the globe, chiefly in temperate regions.

Tribe I. LOBELIEiE. Corolla 2-lipped, cleft dorsally to the base ; anthers connate.

Fruit a capsule, 2-valved at the summit . . . . 1. Lobelia.

Tribe II. CAMPANULEiE. Corolla regular ; anthers free or imperfectly connate.

Flowers solitary, peduneled . . . . . . 2. Campanum.ea.

Flowers in a dense scorpioid spike . . . . . . 3. Pentaphragma.

Flowers in a dense cylindric spike . . . . . . 4. Sphenoclea.

1. Lobelia, Linn.

Herbs of various sizes, sometimes very small, sometimes erect and

very tall ; undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed.

Inflorescence either 1-flowered, in the axils of leaves or bracts, or in a.

terminal leafy raceme ; bracteoles very small or none. Calyx-tube

adnate to the ovary, turbinate, hemispheric, obovoid or rarely oblong-

linear ; limb 5-partite or 5-fid, lobes often unequal. Corolla oblique,

2-lipped ; upper lip 2-, lower 3-partite or -lobed. Staminal tube free

from the corolla or adnate only at the base ; anthers with 2 lower

tipped with bristles, 3 upper naked, or else all penicillate. Ovary

inferior, 2-celled ; placentas hemispheric ; ovules numerous ; stigma

shortly bifid. Capsule loculicidally 2-valved within the calyx-tube.

Seeds very many, minute, ellipsoid, compressed or trigonous. — Distrib.

About 200 species, throughout the world, though scarce in Europe and

Western Asia.

Lobelia affinis, Wall. Cat. 1311. A prostrate often rooting herb

with much - branched stem, pubescent or glabrate. Leaves ovate-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

rotundate, acute at apex, rounded or truncate or cordate and more or

less decurrent at base, '5 to 2 in. long, -5 to P5 in. broad, mucronate-

dentate or -crenate, membranous, usually strigosely hairy on the

nerves especially beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous ; midrib slender,

main-nerves 4-6 pairs ; petiole -3 to -6 in. long, more or less winged by

the decurrent margins of the blade, strigosely hairy. Flowers single,

on slender pedicels about '6 to 1 in. long ; bracts minute ; pedicels

usually deflexed in fruit. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ribbed,

strigose, obconical ; lobes 5 linear spreading, -1 to -2 in. long, pilose.

Corolla purple, '2 to -25 in. long, 2 upper lobes falcate-lanceolate,

3 lower connate, teeth short. Staminal tube as long as or longer than

corolla, anthers all penieillate. Ovary 2-celled, style long, stigma bifid,

lobes rounded, recurved, ovules many. Capsule ribbed, strigose. Seed

small, ellipsoid trigonous. DC. Prod. VII. 360 ; Miq. PL Ind. Bat. II.

574 ; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 27 ; Clarke in Hook. f.

FI. Br. Ind. III. 424 ; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 57 ; Prain Beng. Plants I.

633. L. zeylanica, Wall, in Eoxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. II.

113 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 211, not of Linn. L.

subcuneata, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 574. L. succxdenta and L. Heyneana,

Bl. Bijdr. 728.

Penang : Ridley 7162, 10185 ; J. Scott. Perak : Ridley 2902 ;

Curtis 2025 ; Scortcchini 309, 344 ; King’s Collector 2376. Singapore:

Kurz.- — Distrib. Eastern Bengal, Burma, Ceylon, Malay Islands,

Southern China.

Isotoma longijiora, Presl, is an introduced West Indian plant found in shady

places. Penang : Deschamps. Singapore : Hullett 29 ; Kunstler 90.

2. Campanusma, Blume.

Perennial erect or climbing herbs with tuberous roots. Leaves

opposite, petiolate, usually cordate. Flowers usually large, solitary,

peduncled, terminal or axillary on short leafless flowering branches.

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, or below it, persistent, 4- to 6-partite

with spreading lobes. Corolla broadly campanulate, the base adherent

to the calyx-tube, 4- to 6-lobed ; white, greenish, or lurid-purple in

colour. Stamens 4-6, inserted round the base of the corolla-tube ;

filaments dilated ; anthers free. Ovary 4-6-celled, placentas thick,

many ovuled ; style eylindric, stigma 4-6-cleft with short broad lobes.

Fruit a berry, sub-globose or with truncate top, indehiscent. Seeds

very many, small, ellipsoid. — Distrib. 5-6 species, all of Eastern

tropical and sub-tropical and temperate Asia.

Campanum^a celebica, Blume Bijdr. 727. An erect herb reaching

4 to 5 feet in height, with horizontal spreading smooth branches.

54 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at base or cuneate, often

unequal, 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in. broad, serrate or almost entire, the

serratures mucronate ; chartaceous ; glabrous above, glaucous and

glabrous or with scattered pubescence beneath ; midrib slender, main-

nerves 4-6 pairs at about 30 degrees with the midrib, arching and

joining near the margin ; petiole short, -15 to ‘25 in. long. Flowers

solitary, terminal or in the forks of a dichotomous cyme; peduncles

•3 to '5 in. long, those of terminal flowers shorter ; bracts small linear.

Calyx-tube in bud shortly adnate to the ovary, in fruit often half-way

up; teeth -2 to - 3 in. long, linear-lanceolate, often serrate. Corolla

epigynous, shortly campanulate, white or yellowish-white, '3 to • 5 in.

long ; lobes 5, triangular acute. Stamens - 15 in. long ; anthers linear,

■05 in. long, filaments dilated. Ovary 5-6-celled; style thickened

upwards, then cylindric, angled ; stigma about 4-cleft. Berry -3 to

■4 in. in diam., globose, white, slightly succulent, becoming nearly dry,

breaking up irregularly. Seeds very many, minute, ovoid, flattened,

testa smooth. A. DC. Monog. Camp. 120, Prod. VII. 423 ; Clarke in

Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 436 ; Prain Beng. Plants I. 634. C. trunoata,

Endl. Gen. PI. I. 515. Codonopsis trunoata, Wall. Cat. 1301 ; DC. l.e.

123 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 566. C. leucocarpa and C. celebica, Miq.

l.c. II. 565, 566. C. albiflora, Griff. Notul. IV. 279. Cyclocodon

lancifolium, Kurz in Flora 303 ; Journ. As. Soe. Beng. XLVI. 210,

partly. C. truncatum, Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 18.

C. adnatus, Griff. ; Benth. in Gen. PI. II. 558. Campanula lancifolia,

Roxb. PL Ind. I. 505 ; DC l.c. 485.

Penang : Curtis 2089. Perak ; Wray 3236 ; Scortechini. — Distrib.

India from the Sikkim Himalaya to Chittagong and Burma, Malay

Islands, Southern China.

3. Pentaphragma, Wall.

Fleshy perennial herbs, with short, often rooting, little-branched

stems. Leaves alternate, broad, rounded, sometimes very unequal at

the base, petioles rather long. Inflorescence of axillary or lateral dense

braeteate scorpioid spikes or racemes, the flowers generally in pairs

between the bracts. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; lobes 4-5,

superior, obtuse, persistent, unequal in size. Corolla campanulate, the

tube short, lobes 4-5. Stamens 5 alternate with the corolla-lobes,

epigynous or on the corolla tube ; anthers ovate or oblong ; filaments

dilated, curved outwards when open. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style short,

cylindric ; stigma large, cylindric or conical, obscurely 4-5-lobed ;

placentas bifid, ovules many. Fruit a more or less succulent berry,

dehiscence unknown (<?/. Roxb. FI. Ind. I. 506). Seeds very many.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

small, ellipsoid, testa reticulate-rugose. — Distbib. About 7 species,,

all from the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula.

Leaves markedly serrate, very unequal-sided . . ... 1. P. begoniafolium .

Leaves entire or only slightly dentate, nearly or quite equal-

sided

Stem short, flower spikes from upper axils, calyx and corolla

usually 5-lobed . . . . . . . . 2. P. Scortechinii.

Stem elongate, flower spikes from lower axils, calyx and

corolla usually 4-lobed . . . . . . . . 3. P. Ridleyi.

1. Pentaphragma begonias folium, Wall. Cat. 1313. A short-

stemmed fleshy herb, with flexuose rooting stems and few branches

covered with crispate ferruginous woolly hairs. Leaves alternate,

ovate, the base obliquely excised on one side, cordate on the other,

shortly acuminate at apex, 6 to 10 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad, coarsely

serrate, sparsely crispate-villous ; midrib thick, near the excised side,

main-nerves 1 on the excised side, 4-5 on the other, the nerves again

branching outwards ; petiole -3 to 1 in. long, crispate-villous as are the

nerves beneath. Inflorescence a short, 1 to 4 in. long, seorpioid, shortly

peduncled spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate membranous

bracts '25 in. long, axillary in the uppermost leaves; flowers dull

yellow supported by an oblong or spathulate villous bracteole -2 in.

long, -1 in. broad. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ovoid, crispate

villous ; lobes 5 obtuse, rounded, recurved, shorter than the tube,

crispate villous without, glabrous within. Corolla white, campanulate,

5-lobed, the lobes spreading and recurved, marcescent, oblong obtuse

glabrous. Stamens 5, free, -1 to -125 in. long; anthers oblong, filaments

dilated at base. Ovary turbinate, 3-celled ; ovules many, on axile

placentas ; style short, stigma cylindrically peltate, obscurely 3-lobed.

Fruit a berry, dehiscence not known ; seeds very many, testa pro-

minently reticulate. DC. Prod. VII. 495 ; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ.

Linn. Soc. II. 26; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 568; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 210 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 437 ; Baillon

Hist, des Plantes, VIII. 323, t. 152-154; Sclionl. in Engl, and Pr. Nat.

Pflz. — Fam. IV. 5, 60, fig. 37. Phyteuma bcgonifolium, Boxb. Hort.

Beng. 85, FI. Ind. I. 505 ; Jack in Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 276, t. 57.

Penang: Wallich 1313; Maingay 2266 (K.D. 712); Stoliczka ;

Deschamps ; Hullett 200; Kunstler 1598. Perak: Scortechini 336

(part)-, Wray 3668. Singapore : Bo6&.— Disteib. Mergui, Griffith.

A plant of the undergrowth in dense shady forests. Bidley (Trans.

Linn. Soc. III.) (1893, 315) says that it “ grows on rocks along the

Tahan Biver, and also far in the woods, in rocky valleys, common.”

2. Pentaphbagma Scortechinii, n. sp., King & Gamble. A

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

short-stemmed fleshy herb, creeping and rooting below, afterwards

erect ; branches flexnose, more or less crispately pilose. Leaves

alternate, ovate or oblong-ovate, blunt or very shortly acuminate at

apex, usually cuneately narrowed below and partly decurrent, some-

times slightly excised on one side ; 4 to 10 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad,

entire or faintly dentate, margin often recurved, fleshy, glabrous or

slightly rough above, crispately pilose and pale beneath ; midrib very

thick, sometimes slightly to one side, main-nerves about 4 pair, arched

upwards and again branched ; petiole thick, 2 to 3 in. long, crispately

pilose. Inflorescence a short, 1 to 2 in. long, scorpioid, very shortly

peduncled spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate obtuse bracts,

axillary either singly or in pairs from the axils of upper leaves, or

lateral below them ; flowers white with a yellow centre, bracteole

wanting. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ovoid, villous without ; lobes

5, ovate obtuse, unequal in size, '15 to -2 in. long, 3-nerved. Corolla

campanulate, tube short ; lobes 5 spreading and recurved, marcescent,

glabrous. Stamens free, -05 to -1 long, recurved; anthers linear;

filaments narrowly winged. Ovary turbinate, 3-celled ; ovules many

immersed in fleshy axile placentas ; style short, stigma conical,

obscurely lobed. Fruit a berry, apparently indehiscent ; seeds very

many, ellipsoid, papillose-reticulate.

Perak : Scortechini 336 ; Wray 352, 389 ; King’s Collector 958,

2653. Pahang : Ridley. Dense forest undergrowth in the hills at

2,000-4,000 feet, in moist places.

Var. parvifolia, King & Gamble, a smaller more erect plant, scarcely

more than 6 in. high; much less villous, the leaves smaller, oblong,

obtuse or slightly acute, 4 in. long and 2 in. broad ; the inflorescence

shorter and the flowers smaller.

Pahang, at Salian Eiver : Ridley. Singapore, at Bukit Timah :

Ridley.

Var. flocculosa, King & Gamble, leaves ovate rotundate, thick,

younger ones densely clothed beneath with crispate villous felt, margins

recurved ; the main-nerves rarely more than two pairs, all starting from

close to the base. Inflorescence short, much curved, usually supported

by a pair of rounded reduced leaves. Corolla-lobes prominently recurved.

Anthers oblong, cells often divaricate.

Perak: Scortechini. Johore, at Goonong Pulai, 1,800 feet : G. King.

This species is a very variable one, and some forms almost run into P. begoniee-

folium. Owing to the calyx and corolla being persistent and more or less marcescent,

they vary much in size in different flowers on the same plant, and it is difficult to find

characters for the varieties, one or both of which may eventually prove to be separate

species.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

3. Pentaphragma Ridleyi, n. sp., King & Gamble. A fleshy

herbaceous plant, 10 to 12 in. in height ; stem -25 in. thick, smooth, at

first creeping afterwards erect. Leaves ovate, equal-sided, bluntly

acute at apex, euneate at base, 6 to 8 in. long, 3-5 to 4'5 in. broad,

glabrous on both surfaces, entire or only very minutely dentate on the

margin ; midrib broad, main-nerves 4-5 pairs nearly straight, slanting

upwards; petiole 1 in. long. Inflorescence a short, 1 to 1-5 in. long,

nearly sessile spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate-spathulate

usually 3-nerved glabrous pale bracts; each flower with a '15 in.

long, linear-spathulate, 1-nerved bracteole, ciliate at tip ; flowers small,

•2 to - 25 in. long, Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; lobes 4-5, equal or

unequal in size, usually -1 in. long, 3-nerved, the nerves arching.

Corolla-tube short, lobes 4-5, linear-oblong, emarginate, recurved,

glabrous without, minutely pubescent within, white spotted at base

with purple, nerves 3. Stamens adnate at base to the corolla-tube,

•05 to '07 in. long, anthers club-shaped, filaments dilated below. Ovary

turbinate, 3-celled ; ovules many on axile placentas ; stigma rounded,

3-5-lobed, on a very short conical style. Fruit a berry, conical at top,

apparently indehiscent ; seeds rather few and large ; testa beautifully

reticulate.

Singapore : Ridley 103.— In damp ravines at Bukit Timah (Herb.

Kew).

4. Sphenoclea, Gaertn.

An annual erect glabrous herb, of marshy places. Leaves alternate,

lanceolate, entire. Flowers in dense cylindric terminal or leaf-opposed

peduncled spikes ; very small, sessile, each with one bract and two

bracteoles. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate or hemispherical;

lobes 5, sub-foliaceous. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate. Stamens

5, inserted on the base of the corolla ; filaments shortly dilated ; anthers

short, free. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-celled ; placentas axile, bearing

many ovules ; style short, stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule semi-

inferior, depresso-globose, circumsciss at the margin of the calyx-tube,

the crown and calyx-lobes deciduous. Seeds very numerous, minute,

oblong. A single species.

Sphenoclea zeylanica, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 113, t. 24, fig. 5. An

erect annual herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate,

narrowed at both ends, 2 to 3 in. long, '25 to 1 in. broad, entire, sessile

or shortly petioled, smooth, midrib and main-nerves faint. Flowers in

dense, cylindric, terminal or leaf-opposed, peduncled spikes ; peduncles

•5 to 1 in. long ; spikes '5 to 1-5 in., bract and bracteoles very small.

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary,, turbinate or hemispherical, lobes 5,

ovate, -05 to - 06 in. long, somewhat enlarged in fruit and indexed over

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the disk. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, '07 to '1 in. long, greenish-

white, lobes short, rounded. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the

corolla-tube ; filaments short dilated ; anthers 2-eelled, rounded, about

as long as filaments. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-celled ; placentas axile,.

stalked, bearing many ovules ; style short, stigma obscurely 2-lobed.

Capsule depressed-globose, eircumsciss at the margin of the calyx-tube,

the crown and calyx-lobes deciduous. Seeds very numerous, oblong,

minute, scabrous ; testa reticulate with rectangular cells. Wall. Cat.

1516 ; Eoxb. FI. Ind. I. 507, FI. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. II. 116 ;

Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 569 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLYI. ii.

209 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 438; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 519;

Baillon Hist, des Plantes, VIII. 327, t. 158-161 ; Cooke Bomb. Flora,

II. 75; Prain Beng. Plants I. 635; Schonl. in Engl, and Pr. Pflz — Fam.

IV. 5, 61, fig. 38. S. Pongatium, A. DC. Prod. VII. 548 ; Wight 111. t.

138. Pongatium indicum, Lamk. 111. II. 444 ; Encyc. Meth. Bot. V.

564. Gaertnera Pangati, Betz Obs. VI. 24. Bapinia herbacea, Lour.

FI. Cochinch, (ed. Willd.) I. 157. Sphenoclea, Griff. Notul. IV. 276.

“ Pongati,” Bheede Hort. Mai. XI. 47, t. 24.

Malacca : Griffith.— Distkib. Swampy places and wet fields, and

along river banks in tropical regions of both hemispheres.

Order LXV. VACCINIACEiE.

Shrubs or small trees, often epiphytic, with stems swollen at the

base. Leaves alternate or in pseudo-whorls, entire dentate or serrate,

evergreen, ex-stipulate. Flowers in terminal or axillary racemes, or

solitary and axillary, hermaphrodite, usually regular ; pedicels 1-brae-

teate and also often with 2 bracteoles, often articulate beneath the

ovary. Calyx campanulate or cupular, the tube adherent to the ovary,

its limb persistent on the fruit, usually 5-toothed. Corolla tubular

(sometimes inflated), campanulate or globose, 5-toothed or 5-lobed,

usually imbricate, deciduous. Stamens 10, epigynous, inserted at the

base of the corolla-tube ; anthers opening by apical pores, or often pro-

duced into 2 tubes, opening by slits, filaments flattened, free or connate

by their bases. Ovary inferior, crowned by an epigynous disk, 5-celled

or falsely 10-eelled ; style cylindric ; stigma simple ; ovules many

(rarely few), the placentas axile or pendulous from the upper inner

angle of each cell. Fruit baccate, rarely dry, 5- or falsely 10-celled.

Seeds numerous or few (rarely only 1) in each cell, small, compressed,

albuminous. Species about 350, natives chiefly of cold and temperate

regions throughout the world.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla long and tubular or campanulate, with long segments : —

Calyx-tube terete . . . . . . . . 1. Agapetes.

Calyx-tube 5-winged or 5-angled . . . . . . 2. Pentaptebygiusi-

Corolla small, campanulate or ovoid, its lobes short . . 3. Vaccinium.

1. Agapetes, D. Don.

Shrubs, often epiphytic, the stems often much swollen near the

base. Leaves usually coriaceous, alternate, sometimes in pseudo-

whorls, from linear to elliptic, entire or toothed, sessile or with short

petioles, often glandular near the base. Flowers axillary, solitary,

corymbose or in fascicles ; the pedicel often thickened or articulate

under the ovary, bracts small. Calyx globose, the limb with 5 per-

sistent teeth or lobes. Corolla tubular or campanulate, the limb with

short or long lobes, red, but often with transverse marks or with

greenish-white lobes. Stamens 10, usually with short filaments ;

anthers oblong, each with 2 long apical processes, opening by pores or

slits, often spurred behind. Disk pulvinate, often lobed. Ovary 5-celled

or falsely 10-celled ; style cylindric ; stigma capitate ; ovules numerous.

Berry globose, nearly dry or succulent, 5- or 10-celled, sometimes open-

ing by pores round the disk within the calyx-teeth. Seeds numerous,

ellipsoid, testa lax. — Distrib. 30 species, mostly Himalayan, a few

Malayan.

Agapetes Griffithii, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 449.

An epiphytic shrub, 3 to 15 feet long, with a tuberous stem ; young

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, terete, glabrous. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, always caudate-

acuminate, the base rounded, both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when

dry, glabrous, minutely reticulate ; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved,

ascending, faint on both surfaces ; length 3 - 5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1 in. to

2-65 in. ; petiole -15 in. long or under. Flowers -3 to -4 in. long, axillary,

always on slender pedicels four or five times as long as themselves,

with 1 or 2 narrow bracteoles near the base, glabrous, axillary, solitary,

in pairs or in lax racemes. Calyx ’1 to -2 in. long (enlarging in fruit),

campanulate, with 5 deep spreading triangular lobes. Corolla ‘25 in.

long, tubular-eampanulate, the mouth with 5 triangular sub-erect

acute lobes. Anthers inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, linear,

with 2 long apical beaks dehiscing longitudinally, and 2 posteriorly-

projecting curved spurs ; filaments shorter than the anthers, hairy.

Fruit globular, glabrous, crowned by the small indexed calyx-lobes-

Seeds about 20, compressed, tubercled, black.

Malacca : Griffith. Perak : -at elevations of 2,800 to 4,000 feet,

Wray 1071; King’s Collector 3831, 6363, 8051; Ridley 5532; Scortechini.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. Pentapterygium, Klotsch.

Shrubs, often epiphytic and with stems much thickened at the

base. Leaves alternate, ovate or lanceolate, sub-entire or toothed,

coriaceous, often with glands at the apex of the petiole. Flowers

axillary, solitary, fascicled or corymbose ; the pedicels thickened near

the apex, cupular and jointed under the ovary, bracts small. Calyx-

tube large, tubular, with 5 wings or prominent angles ; its lobes 5,

enlarged in fruit. Corolla tubular, the mouth with 5 short lobes,

coloured red or yellow, and often transversely marked. Stamens 10,

epigynous, the filaments short ; anthers elliptic, produced into 2 long

beaks, opening by apical pores or slits, and often spurred behind.

Ovary 5-celled or spuriously 10-celled ; style cylindric, often exserted ;

stigma sub-capitate ; ovules very numerous. Fruit baccate, 5-winged

or 5-ribbed, 5-celled or spuriously 10-celled. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid.

— Distrib. About 6 species, natives of Eastern Himalaya, Khasia,

Malay Peninsula.

Pentapterygium Scortechinii, n. sp., King & Gamble. A sar-

mentose shrub, 4 to 10 feet long, growing on rocks or trees ; young

branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, terete, glabrous, pale

brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, ovate to ovate-rotund,

the apex blunt or sub-acute, the base broad and rounded but sometimes

slightly emarginate, the edges much recurved when dry ; upper surface

shining, glabrous, pale olivaceous-brown ; the lower darker ; midrib

strong, deeply depressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower ;

main-nerves about 4 pairs, spreading, the two lower much the larger,

all curved, mostly depressed on the upper surface and prominent on

the lower; length 1’75 to 3 in. ; breadth - 8 to 2 in. ; petioles '25 to 4 in.

Flowers 1 in. long, few together, in axillary or terminal corymbs ; their

pedicels about - 6 in. long, with 1 or more linear bracts at the base.

Calyx inflated, tubular, narrowed towards the mouth, glabrous, lobes of

the mouth triangular, acute, erect, the lower half of the tube attached

to the ovary. Corolla inserted on the concave disk of the ovary,

slightly exserted from the calyx, tubular, inflated towards the middle ;

lobes of the mouth short, lanceolate, reflexed ; tube with rufous pubes-

cence outside, glabrous within ; style cylindric, glabrous, slightly ex-

serted. Fruit unknown.

Perak, at elevations of about 4,500 feet : King's Collector 8152 ;

Wray 210 ; Scortechini 309.

3. Vaccinium, Linn.

Shrubs, sometimes epiphytic. Leaves usually small, alternate, but

sometimes in pseudo-whorls, from lanceolate to ovate, entire or serrate.

Flora of the, Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers usually small, axillary or terminal, in racemes fascicles or

corymbs rarely solitary, usually bracteate and bracteolate. Calyx-tube

globose, its teeth 4 or 5, small. Corolla urceolate, tubular or ovoid,

5-lobed, pink white or greenish-yellow. Stamens 8 or 10, free, inserted

near the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers oblong, with two apical

eylindric tubes dehiscing by terminal slits, sometimes appendiculate at

the base (apical tubes very short in one or two species). Disk cushion-

shaped, convex, sometimes lobed. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, or falsely

8-10-eelled ; style eylindric ; stigma simple ; ovules few or several in

each cell. Fruit a more or less globose berry, crowned by the persistent

calyx-lobes, 5-celled or falsely 10-eelled. Seeds small, 1 or more in

each cell, ellipsoid, compressed ; testa firm, smooth. — Distrib. Species

about 140, in the Northern Hemisphere or on mountain ranges in the

tropics.

Leaves broadly elliptic, ovate-rotund or oblanceolate, the

apex broad, sometimes minutely apiculate but never acute,

very coriaceous : —

Leaves under -75 in. in length, elliptic or obovate-ellip-

tic ; corolla -3 in. long, tapering to the mouth ; a small

glabrous tree or bush

Leaves under 1 in. in length, ovate or elliptic ; corolla -2

to -25 in. long, the mouth wide, truncate; an epiphytic

shrub, glabrous except the scurfy branches . .

Leaves elliptic, their apices sub-obtuse, the base truncate

or minutely cordate, 1 to 1-35 in. long ; flowers enveloped

in large deciduous bracts

Leaves broadly oblanceolate or spathulate, muoh narrowed

to the base

Leaves obovate-elliptic, slightly narrowed to the apex but

never acuminate, coriaceous ; flowers '35 in. long, in

axillary racemes

Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, sub-acute acute or acumi-

nate : — •

Leaves entire : —

Leaves glabrous : —

Leaves coriaceous : —

Leaves with 4 or 5 pairs of main-nerves ; flowers

•2 in. long, in axillary and terminal racemes:

mouth of corolla entire or obscurely toothed ; a

shrub or small tree ; anthers with short broad

beaks

Leaves with 3 pairs of main-nerves ; corolla -2 in.

long ; its mouth with 5 short, broad, recurved

lobes ; beaks of anthers truncate, shorter than the

cells, epiphytic

Leaves sub-coriaceous, their main-nerves 3 pairs ;

flowers -35 in. long; beaks of anthers more than

twice as long as the cells ; epiphytic

1. V. Scortechinii.

2. V. microphylla.

3. V. glabrescens.

4. V. viscifolium.

5. V. Teysmanni.

6. V. bancanmn.

7. V. Kunstleri.

8. V. Hasseltii.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves pubescent or puberulous beneath : —

Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lan-

ceolate, with very long caudate acuminate apices ;

under surface pubescent or puberulous

Leaves serrate (sometimes faintly so) sub-coriaceous,

glabrous ; flowers -3 in. long ; beaks of anthers twice

as long as the cells

9. V. acuminatissimum.

10. V. malaccense.

1. Vaccinium Scoetechinii, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

tree or large shrub ; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill,

dark and much angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves small, coriaceous,

elliptic or obovate-elliptic, the apex rounded, the base slightly cuneate,

the edges much recurved; upper surface olivaceous-brown, shining

when dry ; the lower brown, dull, faintly reticulate ; sparsely scaly ;

main-nerves a single pair, rarely 2 pairs, curving upwards, converging

at their apices, faint on both surfaces ; the midrib depressed on the

upper surface, prominent on the lower; length - 3 to '45 in., breadth

•25 to '35 in. ; petiole very short. Flowers about -35 in. long, solitary,

axillary, their pedicels less than -1 in. long, minutely bracteate at the

base, pubescent like the outside of the calyx and corolla. Calyx cam-

panulate, the 5 teeth triangular, acute, erect. Corolla about -3 in. long,

cylindric, inflated below and tapering to the mouth ; the lobes short,

broad, blunt, erect or reflexed. Stamens 10, each with 2 apical truncate

beaks shorter than themselves, but no basal processes ; filaments longer

than the anthers, hairy. Ovary with a flat top, 5-celled, each cell with

several ovules. Style cylindric, nearly as long as the corolla, pubescent

in its lower third, otherwise glabrous. Fruit globular, crowned by the

indexed calyx-lobes, tomentose, many-seeded ; seeds not compressed.

Perak: Scortechini; Wray, at elevations of 6,000 and 6,700 feet,

888 and 356 ; King’s Collector 8028.

By the fall of the leaves, in the axils of which they are produced, the flowers

appear as if they were in racemes. This closely resembles V. buxifolium and V.

coriacewm. Hook, fil., of which figures are given in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 891 and 892, but

this has much narrower flowers and broader leaves than either.

2. Vaccinium miceophyllum, Blume Bijdr. 851. Epiphytic on

tall trees ; a small much-branched shrub ; young branches as thick as

a crow-quill, with small black deciduous scurf. Leaves coriaceous,

ovate or elliptic, the apex and base blunt, the former sometimes with a

minute apiculus ; upper surface bright olivaceous and shining when dry,

the lower pale-brown and dull, both faintly reticulate when dry ; main-

nerves usually a single pair, curving upwards from the base of the mid-

rib and passing to near the apex a little inside the edges, depressed like

the midrib on the upper surface when dry, but very faint on the lower ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

length -5 to -75 in. ; breadth -3 to -5 in.; petioles about -05 in. long, hairy.

Flowers '2 to - 25 in. long, axillary, usually solitary, deeurved ; pedicels

■05 in. long, or less. Calyx inferior, about -2 in. across, flat, deeply

divided into 5 broadly triangular, sub-acute, spreading lobes. Corolla

glabrous, widely cylindric-campanulate, deeply cut into 5 broadly

triangular acute or sub-acute erect lobes. Stamens 10, from the base of

the corolla ; anthers oblong, each with an apical process shorter than

itself but with no basal appendage ; filaments shorter than the anthers,

curved, expanded at the base. Ovary superior, broad with flat apex.

Style cylindric, as long as the corolla ; stigma capitate ; ovules few in

each cell. Fruit globular, surrounded by and adherent to the calyx,

■2 in. in diam. Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 1063. Diplycosia microphylla,

Beccari, Malesia 212 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 458.

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3484 ; Maingay (K.D.) 700 ; Lobb.

Pebak, at elevations of 3,000 feet : Wray 470, 1105 ; Scortechini 1171 ;

King’s Collector 3660, 6390. Kedah : Ridley 5528, 5529. — Distkib.

Borneo, Celebes, Ternate.

3. Vaccinium glabrescens, n. sp., King & Gamble. Epiphytic;

young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, dark-coloured when

dry, minutely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, the apex sub-

obtuse, the base sub-truncate and minutely cordate ; upper surface dark

olivaceous-brown when dry, reticulate, smooth, shining ; lower surface

brown when dry, minutely pubescent like the petiole (glabrescent when

old) ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, pinnate, ascending, rather straight ;

length 1 to 1-35 in. ; breadth -6 to 1 in. ; petiole under - 1 in. long.

Racemes solitary, terminal, 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves, bearing

at the base of each flower a large lanceolate pubescent deciduous bract

•4 in. long and about - 2 in. broad at the middle. Fruit sub-rotund or

ellipsoid, baccate, softly and minutely pubescent, crowned by the

inflexed triangular calyx-teeth, -2 in. long and -15 in. in diam., 5-celled,

each cell with several angled seeds.

Perak : Scortechini (without number).

4. Vaccinium viscifolium, n. sp., King & Gamble. Young

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, striate and pale-brown when

dry. Leaves very coriaceous, broadly oblaneeolate or spathulate, the

apex very blunt, narrowed from below the middle to the short flattened

petiole, the edges slightly recurved ; upper surface olivaceous when

dry, the lower bright brown, both glabrous ; main-nerves 2 or 3 pairs,

originating from the midrib near its base, ascending, little curved, very

prominent like the midrib on the upper surface but faint on the lower;

length 2 to 2-75 in. ; breath -8 to P25 in. ; petioles about - 1 in. Racemes

terminal and axillary, often forming, from the fall of the leaves, pseudo-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

panicles several times longer than the leaves. Floivers not seen.

Fruit on curved deflexed peduncles, -5 in. in length, globular, baccate,

•2 in. in diam., crowned by the persistent disk and by the 5 minute

triangular calyx-teeth, 10-eelled, the cells with more than one small

angled seed.

Perak : Scortechini 405 ; Wray, at an elevation of 6,700 feet,

328.

Var. minor, King & Gamble. Leaves only 1-2 to 1-6 in. in length,

their 3 or 4 pairs of nerves not so much from the base of the midrib

racemes not much longer than the leaves ; fruit only -15 in. in diam. ;

pedicels under -2 in. long.

Perak, at elevations of 5,000 feet : Scortechini 404 ; King’s Collector

8020.

5. Vaccinium Teysmanni, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1062. A medium-

sized tree ; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, dark-

coloured and striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, broadly obovate,

often almost rotund-obovate or elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, the apex

obtuse or rounded, rarely retuse or sub-acute, the base cuneate and

merging in the broad, sometimes glandular petiole ; both surfaces

glabrous and faintly reticulate, upper olivaceous when dry, shining,

the lower dark-brown, the midrib broad on both ; main-nerves 4 to 6

pairs, curving upwards and anastomosing freely, more prominent on

the upper than on the lower surface ; length 2-5 to 3-5 in. ; breadth 1-25

to 2’25 in. ; petiole - 2 to ‘4 in. long. Bacemes slender, often longer than

the leaves, axillary and extra-axillary, their rachises somewhat com-

pressed and angled, often puberulous ; pedicels slender, curved, minutely

braeteolate or ebracteolate at the base, -15 to -2 in. long. Flowers - 35 in.

long ; their pedicels "15 in. long, decurved or not, puberulous like the

outside of the calyx. Calyx less than - 1 in. long, campanulate, with 5

acutely triangular spreading teeth. Corolla white, puberulous, narrowly

cylindrie, tapering slightly to the mouth ; lobes 5, very short, spreading

or reflexed. Stamens 8 or 10, included or sub-exserted ; anthers nar-

rowly oblong, with 2 long apical spurs, but without basal appendages,

shorter than the tapering hairy filaments. Ovary hemispheric, deeply

grooved ; style as long as the corolla, grooved ; stigmas 5, very short,

linear. Capsule unknown.

Perak : On Gunong Bubu, at elevations of 4,500 feet, Scortechini

428, 443 ; Wray 1117, 3909 ; Curtis 3703. — Distrib. Java.

6. Vaccinium bancanum, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 587. A small

tree ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, deciduously

puberulous, pale and angled when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to

elliptic-oblong, the apex sub-acute acute or acuminate, the base

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cuneate ; both surfaces yellowish-brown when dry and rather dull, the

lower reticulate ; the edges slightly recurved or not ; main-nerves 4 or

5 pairs, ascending, slightly curved, faint on both surfaces ; length 1 to

2'5 in. ; breadth -5 to -8 in. ; petioles '1 in. long. Racemes axillary and

terminal, twice as long as the leaves, their rachises puberulous, angled

when dry. Floivers -2 in. long ; their pedicels slender, decurved, -1 to

•2 in. long, puberulous, minutely bracteolate at the base. Calyx

puberulous, cupular, -15 in. across, deeply divided into 5 triangular

sub-acute spreading lobes. Corolla ovoid or ovoid-globulose, with trun-

cate, wide, entire, wavy or obscurely toothed mouth, puberulous outside.

Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla and inserted at its base ; anthers

short, broad, with 2 short, trumpet-shaped, curved apical processes,

opening by wide pores, and, at the base of these processes behind,

2 curved, slender filamentous spurs ; the filaments longer than the

anthers, flattened, tapering from the base upwards, pubescent. Ovary

depressed, bearing a slightly convex 10-grooved disk and many hairs.

Fruit '2 to -25 in. in diam., depressed-globular, crowned by the indexed

calyx-lobes, minutely pubescent, 5-celled ; seeds numerous, triangular,

reticulate, shining. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 454. V. ex-

aristatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1873, Pt. II. 96; 1877,

Pt. II. 215 ; For. FI. Burm. II. 91.

Pekak, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,500 feet : Wray 328, 1528,

3912; King's Collector 7018. Malacca: Mount Ophir, Moxon;

Maingay (K.D.) 699.— Disteib. Bangka.

7. Vaccinium Kunstleei, n. sp., King & Gamble. Epiphytic ;

everywhere glabrous ; young branches one-third of the thickness of a

goose-quill, dark and striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate

or narrowly elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base much narrowed, the

edges slightly recurved ; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper

tinged with olivaceous and reticulate ; main-nerves 3 pairs, ascending,

little curved, slightly prominent on the upper surface only ; length 2 to

2'5 in.; breadth -5 to -65 in.; petioles -1 to -15 in. long. Racemes about

as long as the leaves, axillary, minutely bracteolate at the base of the

flowers. Floivers -2 in. long, their puberulous pedicels slender, -1 to

•15 in. long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, about -05 in. long, the limb

spreading, wavy, with indistinct broad lobes. Corolla tubular-ovoid,

•15 to -2 in. long, the mouth with 5 broad, blunt, short recurved lobes.

Stamens 10, slightly shorter than the corolla or as long ; anthers small,

oblong, each with 2 short, diverging, apical truncate processes, but with

none at the base ; filaments three times as long as the anthers, taper-

ing, flattened and hairy below, cylindric above. Ovary 5-celled, with

several ovules in each cell, depressed; disk slightly convex with radiating

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

grooves ; style slightly exserted, hairy below ; stigma small. Fruit

globular, -2 in. in diam.

Pebak, on Maxwell’s Hill, elevation 3,500 feet : Scortechini 39,

428 ; King’s Collector 8415.

This closely resembles V. bancanum, Miq., but it is an epiphyte. Its leaves,

moreover, are narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, and they have only 3 pairs of main-

nerves. The flowers of this are puberulous, and the month of the corolla, instead of

being entire, has 5 broad, short, recurved lobes. The apical processes on the anthers

are also of a different shape from those in V. bancanum.

8. Vaccinium Hasseltii, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lngd. Bat. I. 40. An

erect shrub ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, dark-

coloured and angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-

oblong, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, the apex acuminate (often caudately

so) ; upper surface olivaceous-brown, the lower paler ; main-nerves 3

pairs, very slightly curved and erect or ascending, the lower pairs

passing almost to the apex, faint but distinct on both surfaces, some of

the nerves transverse, the others vertical ; length 1-5 to 2-5 in. ; breadth

•6 to 1-25 in.; petioles '2 to - 25 in. long, slender. Bacemes axillary and

terminal, usually slightly longer than the leaves, their rachises at first

puberulous but ultimately glabrous, ebracteolate ; flower-pedicels slender,

curved or straight, about -15 in. long. Calyx shortly cupular, with 5

spreading, broad, sub-acute or blunt teeth. Corolla about -35 in. long,

sub-eylindric, narrowing upwards to the mouth ; the lobes 5, broad,

blunt, erect or reflexed, very short, each bearing a small tuft of hairs.

Stamens 10, as long as the corolla ; anthers oblong, with 2 apical beaks

more than twice as long as themselves but with no basal appendages ;

the filaments shorter than the beaks but longer than the anther-cells,

broad and hairy at the base. Ovary much compressed, surmounted by

a large, much corrugated disk ; style as long as the corolla, tapering,

boldly ridged. Fruit globular, smooth, glabrous, -3 in. in diam.,

crowned by the minute calyx-lobes. V. bancanum, Miq., var. angusti-

folium, Scheff.

Pebak : King's Collector 7515 ; Berry 3702 ; Wray 4012. Pahang :

Ridley 1363, 10895. Johore : Ridley 6316, 6323. Singapore : Ridley

3030, 6316a, 8907. — Distbib. Bangka.

9. Vaccinium acuminatissimum, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 36.

Epiphytic shrub, 3 to 8 feet long ; young branches half as thick

as -a goose-quill or less, clothed with short cinereous pubescence.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, the apex

caudate-acuminate, the base euneate, the edges when dry much re-

curved ; both surfaces dark olivaceous-brown when dry : the upper

Flora of tho Malayan Peninsula.

■shining, faintly and minutely reticulate, glabrous except the puberulous

midrib, lower surface dull, dark cinereous-puberulous, especially on

the midrib and nerves ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, unequal, slightly

curved, ascending, the second lowest pair much larger than the others

and more erect, all (like the midrib) depressed on the upper surface and

bold and prominent on the lower ; length 3'5 to 5 in. ; breadth 1 in. to

1'75 in.; petioles '15 in. long, pubescent aud with several short hispid

axillary processes at their bases. Racemes axillary, shorter than the

leaves, slender, pubescent ; flower-pedicels - 1 in. long, pubescent like

the calyx, minutely bracteate at the base. Calyx when nearly ripe

•15 in. in diam., with an ovoid-globular tube pubescent outside, the

mouth with 5 triangular acute incurved lobes. Corolla not seen. Seeds

several, compressed, black, pitted. Ericacea, Wall. Cat. 7528.

Perak, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet : Wray 1159, 1418,

2821 ; Scortechini 472 ; King’s Collector 3509, 6734, 7810. Singapore :

Ridley 6235. — Distrib. Sumatra (Beccari 516), Java, Borneo.

10. Vaccinium malaccense, Wight in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist VIII.

(1847) 172. An erect shrub; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous;

young branches as thick as a crow-quill, angled, brown when dry.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base

cuneate or acuminate, the edges finely crenate-serrate ; both surfaces

brown when dry, the lower the paler ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, slightly

curved, ascending, interarcliing within the edge, not prominent on

either surface ; length 1 to 2-25 in. ; breadth -6 to '9 in. ; petioles -1 to

•15 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves, many-

flowered, puberulous like the pedicels and flowers; pedicels slender,

curved downwards, -15 in. long (lengthening in fruit), each with 1 con-

cave, lanceolate, caducous bract at its base, and 1 or 2 smaller subulate

bracteoles inside it. Flowers - 3 in. long. Calyx eampanulate, under

•1 in. long, its lobes narrowly triangular, acuminate, spreading. Corolla

ovoid-cylindric, slightly narrowed to the mouth ; lobes of limb very

short, reflexed. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla ; anthers with

2 apical beaks longer than themselves but with no basal processes ;

filaments longer than the anthers, bulbous and hairy at the base.

Ovary depressed, the disk thick ; style cylindric, ridged, a little shorter

than the corolla. Fruit depressed-globose, glabrous, -35 in. broad.

Wight Ic. 1186 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 587 ; Clarke in Hook. f.

PI. Br. Ind. III. 454. Epigynium malaccense, Klotzsch in Linmea,

XXIV. 50.

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3458/1; Maingay (K.D.) 698; Lobb.

Singapore : Ridley. Pahang : Ridley 1025. Perak : Ridley 3605. —

Distrib. Bangka, Java, Cochin-China.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LXYI. ERICACEiE.

Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or in pseudo-

whorls, ex-stipulate, entire or serrate. Floivers in racemes or fascicles

or solitary ; pedicels bracteate and sometimes bi-bracteolate. Flowers

regular or (in Rhododendron) slightly irregular, hermaphrodite, some-

times dimorphous. Calyx free or (in Diplycosia) sometimes adnate to

the ovary, with 5 rarely 4 or 6, teeth or lobes. Corolla hypogynous,

persistent or deciduous, campanulate cylindric or urceolate, with 4 or

5 (rarely 6 to 10) imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate teeth or lobes

(polypetalous in Pyrola). Stamens hypogynous or slightly attached to

the base of the corolla ; 10, or sometimes 5, 8, or 20 (in Diylycosia

sometimes epigynous) ; filaments free or united into a tube by their

bases ; anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed, dehiscing by apical pores

or slits, the cells often prolonged into apical tubes, sometimes dorsally

spurred. Disk various, annular or convex, crenate or lobed, sometimes

absent. Ovary 5-celled (rarely 4- to 16-celled) ; style slender, cylin-

dric ; stigma capitate or plane, entire or shortly lobed. Ovules

numerous, rarely few, on placentas in the inner angles of the cells or

pendulous from the upper corner. Fruit capsular, 5-celled, many-

seeded, sometimes appearing baccate from the adherence of the enlarged

succulent calyx. Seeds many, small, angled or compressed, albumi-

nous ; the testa often loose. — Distrib. About 1,200, in all parts of the

world.

Fruit capsular : —

Capsule 5-valved, loculicidal : —

Calyx surrounding the capsule succulent in fruit : —

Anthers with 2 horns at the apex . .

Anthers not horned on the apex

Calyx not succulent in fruit

Capsule 5- to 20-eelled, septicidal, calyx not succulent in fruit ;

anthers dehiscing by pores . .

Fruit baccate

1. Gaultheria, Linn.

Erect or procumbent shrubs, rarely epiphytic. Leaves coriaceous,

persistent, alternate, serrate or serrulate, penni-nerved. Flowers small,

occasionally dimorphic, in axillary or terminal racemes, or axillary and

solitary, bracteate and bi-bracteolate. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes,

enlarged, succulent and coloured in fruit and enclosing the capsule, and

often with 2 simple or connate bracteoles at its base. Corolla ovoid-

1. Gaultheria.

2. Diplycosia.

3. Pieris.

4. Rhododendron.

5. Pernettyopsis.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tubular or campanulate, greenish-white or reddish, the mouth with

5 spreading or recurved imbricate lobes. Stamens 10, included, attached

to the base of the corolla ; anthers produced at the apex into 2 tubes,

and often also with 1 or 2 dorsal spurs ; filaments dilated at the base,

usually pilose (in some flowers the stamens small and the anthers

without appendages). Ovary 5-celled, sometimes 5-lobed ; style cylin-

dric ; stigma simple ; ovules many in each cell. Capsule 5-celled,

dehiscing loculicidally from the apex, enveloped in the succulent calyx ;

seeds many, minute, sub-globose, angled. — Distrib. Species about 80,

mostly American, a few in the mountains of India and Malaya, a few

also in Australia and New Zealand.

Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute .. ..1. G. fragrantissima.

Leaves broadly ovate, caudate-aeuminate . . .. 2. G. leucocarpa.

1. Gaultheria fragrantissima, Wall, in As. Research. XIII. 397,

with figure. A shrub ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill,

3-angled, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous,

elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute, the base cuneate, the edges erenate-

serrate ; both surfaces pale brown when dry and dull, strongly reticu-

late, the upper always glabrous, the lower with sparse black scales and

occasionally a few scattered hairs ; length 1'5 to 2 - 25 in. ; breadth ’75

to 1-2 in. ; petioles -15 to -2 in. Baccmes axillary, usually longer than

the leaves, slender, many-flowered ; pedicels -15 in. long, deflexed,

each with a small triangular acute bract at its base and two broader

connate ones above its middle. Flowers - 2 in. long. Calyx campanu-

late, with 5 deep triangular lobes, puberulous, ‘05 in. long or less at

first, persistent and increasing to -2 in. with age. Corolla -15 in. long,

widely tubular, the mouth contracted and with 5 short blunt lobes.

Stamens 10 ; anthers elongate, included, the apex with 2 deeply bifid

.apical horns ; filaments flattened at the base. Fruit depressed-globular,

with 5 deep grooves, '15 in. in diam., minutely pubescent, crowned by

the long, persistent, slightly clavate, cylindric style, many-seeded. DC.

Prod. VII. 593 ; Wall. Cat. 765 ; Wight Ic. 1196 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5984 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 457. G. fragrans, Don Prod.

151. G. punctata, Blume Bijdr. 850 ; DC. l.c. 593 ; Miq. FI. Ind.

Bat. II. 1055; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 215, For.

FI. Burm. II. 92. G. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 1523. G. Leschcnaultii,

DC. l.c. 593 ; Wight III. t. 141c, and Ic. 1195. Andromeda flexuosa,

Moon Cat. PI. Ceyl. 35. A. katagherensis, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 246.

Leucothoe (?) katagherensis, DC. l.c. 606.

Perak, on the summit of Gunong Batu Pateh : Wray 879, 1580 ;

Scortechini 405 (in part). — Distrib. British India, Ceylon, Sumatia,

Java.

70 -Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. Gaultheria leucocarpa, Blume Bijdr. 856. A slender climber;

young branches as thick as a crow-quill, smooth, glabrous, pale-brown

when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly ovate, shortly rather

abruptly and sharply caudate-acuminate, the base broad, emarginate or

sub-cordate ; edges minutely crenate-serrate ; upper surface olivaceous-

brown when dry, much and boldly reticulate, the nerves minutely

hairy ; lower surface pale-brown, reticulate, glabrous ; main-nerves 2 to

4 pairs, much curved, ascending, distinct on both surfaces ; length 2 to

4 in. ; breadth 1 to 2 in. ; petioles -15 to -2 in. long. Racemes slightly

supra-axillary, shorter than the leaves, their rachises compressed,

glabrous or pubescent ; flower-pedicels rather less than - 1 in. long in

flower, twice as long in fruit, each with a small ovate concave bract

at its base. Floivers - 3 in. long ; their pedicels rather more than - 1 in.

long, deflexed, puberulous, ebracteolate. Calyx less than -1 in. long,

puberulous, campanulate, with 5 small spreading sub-acute triangular

lobes. Corolla sub-cylindric, widest at the base and gradually tapering to

the mouth, teeth of the mouth very short, blunt, erect. Stamens 10 ;

anthers linear, beaked, shorter than the densely hairy tapering fila-

ments. Ovary inferior, depressed-hemispheric, crowned by a thick,

very concave, marginally grooved disk ; style cylindrie, tapering to the

apex, glabrous. Fruit closely adnate to the calyx-tube, 5-celled, many-

seeded. Miq. El. Ind. Bat. II. 1056 ; Beccari Malesia, I. 213.

Perak, at elevations of 5,000 to 6,700 feet : Wray 360, 1573, 4101

Scortechini 1348 ; King's Collector 8025. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

2. Diplycosia, Blume.

Epiphytic shrubs, glabrous or setose, evergreen. Leaves coriaceous,,

alternate, entire or ciliate-serrate. Floivers small, axillary, solitary, on

pedicels bracteolate at the base. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes, free or

half superior, accrescent in fruit, with 2 basal braeteoles connate into a

calyculus. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, with 5 slightly imbricate

recurved lobes. Stamens 10, as long as the corolla, and inserted at its

base, quite included or with the tips of the anthers exserted ; anthers

elongate, oblong, produced at the apex into two straight valvularly-

dehiscing tubes, but without dorsal appendages. Disk cupular, 10-

lobed. Ovary 5-celled ; style filiform ; stigma simple ; ovules in the

cells numerous, attached to axile placentas. Fruit superior or half-

superior, included in the succulent accrescent calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing

by 5 valves, many-seeded. Seeds minute, cuneate ; testa lax, reticu-

late; albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, cylindrie. — Distrib. Species about

14, all Indian or Malayan.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 2 to 5 in. long : —

Calyx-lobes broad, blunt

Calyx-lobes triangular, acute

. . 1. D. latifolia.

. . 2. D. lieterophylla.

.. 3 . D. erythrina.

Leaves 1-5 to 2 in. long

1. Diplycosia latifolia, Blume Bijdr. 858. A small glabrous

epiphytic shrub ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, pale

and angled when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the apex

shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate or somewhat rounded,

the edges recurved; both surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry, the

upper shining, the lower dull ; the midrib bold, much raised on the

lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper ; main-nerves 2 or 3

pairs, curving upwards, the lower pair usually longer than the others,

none of them very prominent on either surface, but more so on the

lower than on the upper, reticulations obsolete ; length 3 to 5 in. ;

breadth 1-35 to 3 in. ; petioles -2 to '3 in. long. Floivers -2 in. long, in

axillary fascicles of 3 or 4 ; their pedicels slender, -1 to -15 in. long,

inserted 3 or 4 together on minute tubercles surrounded by several

small bracts. Calyx cupular, -1 in. across, with 5 broad, spreading,

obtuse, ciliolate lobes. Corolla -25 in. long, narrowly campanulate, con-

tracted into a short tube at the base, the limb deeply divided into

5 ovate sub-acute lobes, closely embracing the ovary. Stamens 10,

included ; anthers narrowly oblong, each with two short apical trun-

cate beaks but no basal processes ; the filaments slender in their upper

halves, the lower halves dilated and cohering into a tube. Ovary

5-celled, the apex broad, concave ; style cylindric, about as long as

the corolla ; stigma small, capitate. Fruit 5-celled ; seeds numerous,

elongate, black, closely enveloped by the persistent corolla. Miq. JT1.

Ind. Bat. II. 1055.

Perak, at elevations of 6,700 feet: Wray 364, 909, 2204; Scorte-

chini 339; King's Collector 6797, 8023. Selangor: Bidley 7556. —

Distrib. Java. „

2. Diplycosia heterophylla, Blume Bijdr. 858. A shrub ; young

branches as thick as a crow-quill, coarsely rusty-pilose at first, after-

wards sub-glabrous, when dry pale and angled. Leaves coriaceous,

elliptic oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex and

base, the edges recurved; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry,

the upper sub-reticulate and shining, the lower dull and not reticulate ;

main-nerves 1 pair following the edge from base to apex, distinct and

depressed like the midrib on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower ;

length 2 to 4 in. ; breadth 1 to 2 in. ; petiole rather more than -2 in. long.

Flowers axillary, fascicled, rarely solitary, about '15 in. long, bearing

under the calyx 2 broadly r'eniform, acute, spreading concave bracts.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 broadly triangular erect lobes, closely

applied to the fruit. Corolla widely campanulate, - 2 in. long, the teeth

5, broad, blunt, short, reflexed. Fruit superior, sub-rotund, smooth,

many-seeded, crowned by the fluted style ; seeds oblong, concave, com-

pressed, numerous.

Perak : Scortechini.

3. Diplycosia erythrina, King & Gamble. A small tree, 10 to

20 feet high ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous,

pale-brown when dry, angled. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the

apex obtuse or sub-acute, the base acute, the edges recurved ; both sur-

faces when dry pale-brown, the upper tinged with olivaceous, not

reticulate, quite glabrous ; main-nerves 2 to 3 pairs, ascending, rather

straight, faint on both surfaces ; length 1-5 to 2 in. ; breadth '75 to 1 in. ;

petioles '1 in. long, stout. Racemes terminal, nearly twice as long as the

leaves, with a large narrowly elliptic leaf-like bract '4 to '6 in. long, and

•1 to -2 in. broad at the base of each flower-pedicel; pedicels deeurved,

•15 in. long in the flower, rather more than twice as long in the fruit.

Flowers -4 in. long. Calyx '2 in. long, campanulate, with 5 spreading

triangular acute lobes. Corolla '35 in. long, cylindric, narrowed towards

the throat, glabrous; the mouth with 5 short, broad, blunt, recurved

lobes. Stamens 10, slightly exserted ; anthers broadly oblong, with

neither apical nor basal appendages ; the filaments three times as long,

broadening towards the base, pubescent. Ovary inferior, its disk con-

vex, hairy ; style slightly exceeding the corolla, cylindric ; stigma small,

capitate. Fruit oblong-globose, '2 in. in diam., surmounted by the

indexed calyx-lobes, sub-glabrous, pericarp leathery; cells 5, each

with several angular seeds. Vaccinium erythrinum, Hook. Bot. Mag.

t. 4688.

Perak, at elevations of 5,000 feet : Wray 3816 ; King’s Collector

7349 ; Scortechini. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

3. Pieris, D. Don.

Trees or shrubs, with terete branchlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate,

entire or serrulate, persistent. Racemes axillary and solitary, or ter-

minal and in panicles ; pedicels bracteate and also with 1 or 2 brac-

teoles. Calyx free, with 5 teeth or lobes ; the segments in bud open or

valvate. Corolla ovoid or elongate-urceolate, with 5 short recurved

teeth, white. Stamens 10 ; anther-cells ovoid-truncate ; filaments each

with 2 divaricate horns from its apex or ex-appendiculate. Ovary

globose with a lobed disk, 5-celled ; ovules numerous ; style cylindric ;

stigma capitellate or truncate. Capsule globose, dry, 5-celled, with

5-valved loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds many, linear-oblong, falcate, not

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

winged, albuminous; testa loose. — Distrib. Species 10; Himalaya and

the mountains of Burma and of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pieris ovalifolia, D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. XVII. (1834)

159. A tree ; young branches whitish-puberulous at first, afterwards

black and glabrous, about a third as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, ovate, shortly acuminate, the base broad and rounded,

the edges very slightly recurved ; upper surface blackish-brown when

dry, glabrous, the lower of a paler brown, minutely reticulate, puberu-

lous on the midrib and nerves ; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, spreading,

curving slightly upwards, sharply prominent on the lower surface,

indistinct on the upper ; length 4 to 5'25 in. ; breadth 2 to 2-75 in. ;

petiole -25 to -3 in. long, puberulous. Racemes simple, axillary, 4 to

10 in. long, sometimes by suppression of the leaves forming a terminal

false panicle, more or less pubescent ; bracts - 2 in. long, linear or

lanceolate. Calyx-teeth connate at the base. Corolla narrowly ovoid,

white. Capsule globose, glabrous, '2 in. in diam. Seeds small, linear-

oblong. DC. Prod. VII. 599; Loudon, Arb. Brit. 570, fig. 1070;

Clarke in Hook. f. El. Br. Ind. III. 460. Andromeda ovalifolia, Wall.

Cat. 763, and in Asiat. Research, XIII. 391 ( with fig.) ; Don Prod.

148; Wight Ic. t. 1199; Brandis For. Flora, 280; Kurz in Journ. As.

Soc. Beng., 1877, Pt. II. 216, For. FI. Burm. II. 192. A. elliptica,

Sieb. & Zucc. FI. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 126. Thibaudia, Griff. Ic. PI.

Asiat. t. 514.

Perak, at an elevation of 5,000 feet : Wray 1522. — Distrib.

Himalaya up to 8,000 ft.; Khasia Hills; Burma; Japan.

4. Rhododendron, Linn.

Shrubs or trees, often aromatic often scaly. Leaves coriaceous,

entire, alternate, rarely sub-opposite or in false whorls, often clustered

near the ends of the branches. Flowers in terminal fascicles or pseudo-

corymbs, rarely solitary or axillary ; bracts broad, usually caducous,

bracteoles linear. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, rarely cupular, sometimes

small or obsolete. Corolla campanulate, salver-shaped or funnel-shaped,

the tube long or short, the limb 5- to 10-lobed. Stamens usually 10

but sometimes 5 or 18 ; anthers oblong, dehiscing by terminal pores.

Ovary 5- to 20-celled ; style long or short, filiform ; stigma capitate ;

ovules numerous in each ceil. Capsule short or elongate, always

woody, 5- to 20-celled, septicidally dehiscent, the valves separating

from the placentas from above downwards. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid,

albuminous, the testa often crested or tailed at one end or at both.

— Distrib. Species about 160, in mountainous parts of Europe, Asia,

and North America.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla widely campanulate, tubular only at the base : —

All parts glabrous, leaves not glaucous and without scales ;

capsule 1 to 1-5 in. long .. .. .. .. 1. Il.javanicum.

Lower surfaces of leaves glaucous, the nerves and reticula-

tions hairy ; capsule '5 in. long . . . . . . 2. 22. Wrayi.

Corolla narrowly campanulate or funnel-shaped, the tube

inflated upwards and passing gradually into the limb ; flowers

•35 to -85 in. long : —

Leaves obovate, *6 to '8 in., and rarely as much as 1 in. long : —

All parts glabrous except the inflorescence .. .. 3. R. pauciflorum.

All parts more or less scaly . . . . • ■ 4. 22. perakense.

Leaves elliptic to elliptic-rotund, from 1*25 to 2 in. long . . 5. 22. Scortechinii.

Corolla salver-shaped, the tube much longer than the limb : —

Tube of corolla from 1'25 to 1’6 in. long, and about ’15 in. in

diam. from base to apex ; leaves sub-sessile, whorled, sparsely

scaly or glabrous . . . . . . . . 6. 22. jasminijlovum.

Tube of corolla 2 in. long, '25 in. wide near the base, widen-

ing to '4 in. or more near the mouth ; petioles "35 to'5 in. long 7. It. longiflorum.

Tube of corolla -6 in. long and about -2 in. in diam. ; petioles

•4 to -6 in. long .. .. •• •• 8. 22. malayanum.

Species imperfectly known . . . . . . . . 9. 22. dubium.

1. Rhododendkon javanicum, Benn. PI. Jav. Ear. p. 85, t. 19. An

epiphytic shrub, 3 to 8 feet long ; all parts glabrous, esquamose ; young

branches rather thinner than a goose-quill. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, tapering to the acute apex and base ; both

surfaces brown when dry (the lower rather the lighter), shining, the

midrib very prominent ; main-nerves about 8 or 10 pairs, interarching

rather far from the edge, faint on the upper surface, obsolete on the

lower, the intermediate nerves almost as prominent ; length 3'5 to

5-5 in. ; breadth 1-25 to 2 in.; petioles '3 to -75 in. long. Umbels terminal,

5- to 7-flowered, enveloped in bud in broadly ovate apiculate bracts ;

pedicels ‘5 to 1-5 in. ; bracteoles linear. Calyx cupular, less than -1 in.

deep, the mouth wavy. Corolla red, widely campanulate, 1‘25 to 1'5 in.

long ; the tube widely funnel-shaped, cylindric at the base ; the limb l - 25

to 1'5 in. wide, with 5 large, broad, blunt spreading lobes. Stamens 10,

shorter than the corolla-limb ; the filaments slender ; the anthers oblong.

Ovary glabrous or slightly scaly (hairy in var. Tcysmanni ) ; style

shorter than the stamens, clavate, hemispheric. Capsule narrowly

cylindric, 1 to 1'5 in. long, and only - 25 in. in diam., glabrous, slightly

ridged, crowned by the whole or part of the style. DC. Prod. VII.

721 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4366 ; PI. des Serres (1847), t. 293 ; Miq. PL Ind.

Bat. II. 1057 ; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 42, t. 1 b ; Clarke in

Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 463. Vireya javanica, Blume Bijdr. II. 854.

Malay Peninsula : Lobb and others. Penang : Bidley 129.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Kedah : Derry 5531. Perak : Scortechini 373, 1325 ; Derry 3705 ; Fox

129; King's Collector 2335, 3672, 6916, 7008 ; Wray 1023. Singapore :

Ridley.— Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Celebes.

Var. Teysmanni, King & Gamble. Ovary densely hairy ; fila-

ments hairy near the base, corolla yellow. R. Teysmanni, Miq. PI.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 585 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 463.

Penang : Maingay (K.D.) 1099, 10257 ; Curtis 530. Perak : Wray

601, 623 ; King’s Collector 3672. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

2. Khododendron Wrayi, n. sp., King & Gamble. A bush ;

young branches as thick as a goose-quill, at first sparsely scaly, ulti-

mately glabrous. Leaves very coriaceous, elliptic or sub-obovate-elliptic,

the apex sub-acute, the base rounded, the edges recurved when dry ;

upper surface dark-brown when dry, glabrous, the midrib much

depressed ; lower surface white, glaucous, with short hairs on the

minute reticulations, the main-nerves, and the bold midrib ; main-

nerves 6 to 12 pairs, spreading, curved, rather dark-coloured and con-

spicuous on the lower surface, invisible on the upper; length l - 75 to

3-5 in. ; breadth -85 to 1-5 in. ; petioles -4 to -8 in. long, stout, scaly.

Umbels terminal, 8- to 12-flowered, unequal, '5 to - 75 in. long, scaly.

Flower-buds enveloped in obovate-oblong apiculate bracts, the inner

tomentose externally, the outer glabrous, all deciduous. Calyx

cupular, 5-toothed, less than -1 in. deep. Corolla glabrous, white,

tinged with pale pink and spotted in the throat, widely campanulate

from a tubular base, about l - 25 in. long, and rather more in breadth at

the mouth ; lobes of the limb 5, broadly ovate, spreading. Stamens 10;

filaments shorter than the corolla, glabrous ; anthers oblong. Ovary

hairy ; style glabrous, longer than the stamens ; stigma hemispheric,

lobed. Capsule only -5 in. long and about half as much in diam., not

apiculate, tomentose, ridged, 5-celled.

Perak, at from 3,500 to 7,000 feet : Wray 322, 886, 1569 ; Scorte-

chini.

3. Rhododendron pauciflorum, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches as

thick as a crow-quill, smooth. Leaves coriaceous, obovate, rarely

rotund-obovate, the apex broad, usually minutely retuse, the base much

narrowed, the edges recurved ; upper surface olivaceous, the lower

brown when dry ; the midrib stout and prominent on the lower surface,

depressed on the upper (when dry) ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, indis-

tinct on both surfaces ; length - 6 to 1 in. ; breadth - 4 to - 65 in. ; petioles

less than -1 in. long. Flowers 1 or 2, terminal ; their pedicels pubescent,

■25 to - 6 in. long, with 1 or 2 loose sheathing deciduous bracts at their

bases. Calyx cupular, about '•! in. long, obscurely toothed. Corolla

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bright red, infundibuliform-eampanulate, - 2 to - 3 in. wide at the throat

and from - 5 to "85 in. long; the limb spreading, - 5 to '75 in. across,

divided into 5, broad, blunt lobes, the tube '35 to '5 in, long. Capsule

unknown.

Pehak, on Gunong Batu Pateh at an elevation of 4,500 feet : Wray

231 ; Scortechini 345b.

4. Rhododendron perakense, n. sp., King & Gamble. Epi-

phytic ; a small shrub with very scaly young branches as thick as a

crow-quill. Leaves very coriaceous, obovate or broadly oblanceolate,

obtuse, much narrowed to the base, the edges recurved ; upper surface

olivaceous when dry, at first with a few large scales but ultimately

glabrous, reticulate, the midrib depressed ; lower surface dark brown,

with persistent large dark scales in pits, the midrib very thick and

prominent ; main-nerves 2 (rarely 3) pairs, spreading, very prominent

on the under surface, and, like the midrib, with persistent large dark

scales ; length -6 to -8 in. ; breadth -3 to '4 in. ; petioles about '1 in. long.

Umbels terminal, 3- to 5-flowered, covered in bud by broad rounded

deciduous bracts with ciliate edges ; pedicels - 25 to '3 in. long, slightly

scaly. Floivcrs '35 to -4 in. long. Calyx shallow, cupular, its edges

wavy. Corolla bright yellow, narrowly campanulate, the mouth with

broad, slightly spreading lobes. Stamens not exserted ; filaments

glabrous, anthers short. Ovary sub-glabrous ; style not exserted ;

stigma clavate, truncate. Capsule '3 in. long, dehiscing by 5 straight

untwisted valves.

Perak, at an elevation of 7,000 feet : Wray 1574.

5. Rhododendron Scortechinii, n. sp., King & Gamble. Shrubby,

epiphytic or terrestrial, when the latter sometimes sub-arboreous ;

young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, smooth, terete. Leaves

very coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-rotund or obovate, the apex obtuse

and sometimes faintly notched, the base cuneate, the edges recurved ;

upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous, shining,

depressed-reticulate ; lower surface of a uniform warm brown, not

reticulate, pitted and minutely scaly ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spread-

ing, depressed on the upper surface, and raised on the lower (some-

times very much so) ; midrib much depressed on the upper surface

and prominent on the lower (when dry) ; length P25 to 2 in. ; breadth

•75 to 1'25 in. ; petioles - 1 to - 15 in. long, scaly. Umbels terminal, 4- to

7-flowered ; the pedicels unequal, '5 to 1 in. long (longer in fruit).

Flowers about -75 in. long. Calyx short, cupular, with many rounded

teeth. Corolla yellow (sometimes very pale), '75 in. long, widely

funnel-shaped, the mouth about ’6 in. across, with 5 deep, broadly

ovate, slightly spreading lobes, the outer surface with many dark-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

coloured scales. Stamens about 8, slightly or not at all exserted ; fila-

ments glabrous ; anthers elliptic, small. Ovary scaly ; style slightly

exserted, glabrous ; stigma clavate-hemispheric, lobed. Capsule -5 in.

long, scaly, shortly apiculate, 5-valved, the valves not twisted in

dehiscence.

Perak, at elevations of 5,000 to 7,000 feet : Scortechini 401b, 753 ;

Wray 311, 1572, 3840 ; Cantley.

6. Rhododendron jasminiflorum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4524.

Usually epiphytic; a small shrub, only a few feet high; young

branches somewhat less than half as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous.

Leaves in whorls, thickly coriaceous, almost sessile, broadly elliptic to

elliptic-rotund, the apex acute, the base rounded and minutely cordate ;

upper surface when dry pale olivaceous-brown, sometimes with a few

small loose scales, the 5 to 7 pairs of spreading main-nerves slightly

distinct and (like the midrib) depressed ; the lower darker brown, not

olivaceous, the nerves very faint but the midrib pale and prominent ;

length 1-25 to 3 in. ; breadth 1 to l - 5 in. ; petiole - 1 in. long. Umbels

terminal, 8- to 20-flowered ; the pedicels filiform, -75 to 1 in. long, scaly

and hairy ; bracteoles membranous, broad, glabrous, -25 to - 5 in. long.

Calyx a shallow toothed cup, less than -1 in. deep. Corolla white,

salver-shaped ; the tube narrowly cylindric, sparsely scaly or glabrous

outside, about -15 in. in diam. and 1-25 to 1-6 in. long (when dry) ; the

limb one-third as long, spreading, with 5 deep, broad, obovate-obtuse

or rotund lobes. Stamens 10, the filaments shortly exserted, thin,

pubescent ; anthers short, broad. Ovary 5-eelled, pubescent ; style

longer than the corolla-tube, pubescent ; stigma depressed-capitate,

grooved. Capsule about -75 to 1 in. long, narrowly sub-cylindric, much

apiculate, ridged, its valves recurved to the base and often twisted.

Lemaire, Jard Fleur, t. 41 ; Ulust. Hortic. (1859) t. 203 ; Clarke in

Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 463 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1059.

Malacca, on Mount Ophir : Griffith (K.D.) 3504 ; Maingay (K.D.)

701 ; Ridley. Perak : Wray 1635 ; Scortechini ; King’s Collector 3586,

3645, 6909 ; Ridley 124.— Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

7. Rhododendron longiflorum, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. III.

88 with figure. Epiphytic ; 3 to 6 feet high ; young branches half as

thick as a goose-quill, densely scaly like the petioles. Leaves coriaceous,

usually elliptic-oblong, sometimes elliptic or oblanceolate, sub-acute or

acute, much narrowed to the base ; upper surface when dry olivaceous-

brown, coarsely and widely reticulate with broad black scales, especi-

ally on the depressed midrib, the 5 to 7 pairs of spreading main-nerves

faint ; lower surface brown, uniformly covered with black deciduous

scales, ultimately glabrous ; the main-nerves indistinct but the midrib

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stout and prominent ; length 2-25 to 3 - 5 in. ; breadth -8 to 1'5 in. ;

petioles -35 to -5 in. long, stout. Umbels terminal, 5- to 7-flowered ; flower-

pedicels '5 to '8 in. long, scaly or glabrous. Flowers about 2 in. long,

glabrous outside, narrowly sub-eampanulate, almost salver-shaped.

Calyx small, cupular, with wavy edges, under -05 in. deep. Corolla

red, infundibuliform ; its tube about -25 in. wide near the base but

expanding gradually to about - 4 in. or more near the mouth, about three

times as long as the broadly bluntly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 10, the

filaments slender, pubescent, slightly exserted ; anthers short, blunt.

Ovary densely hairy like the style ; stigma clavate. Capsule unknown.

PI. des Serres, V. p. 477-430f.

Perak : Scortechini 385, 553, 1409; King’s Collector 1864, 5181. —

Distrib. Borneo, Sumatra.

8. Rhododendron malayanum, Jack in Mai. Misc. II. n. 7, 17. An

erect straggling shrub, 3 to 15 feet high, all parts more or less glan-

dular and scaly ; young branches less than half as thick as a goose-

quill. Leaves narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, the apex and base acute

or sub-acute, the edges recurved when dry ; upper surface shining,

glabrous, and olivaceous when dry, the 5 to 8 pairs of main-nerves

faint, slightly depressed, the midrib much depressed and often scaly ;

the lower of a deep uniform brownish-cinereous colour and with

numerous dark scales, the nerves obsolete but the midrib bold and pro-

minent ; length 1'75 to 3-25 in. ; breadth -75 to 1-25 in. ; petioles -4 to

•6 in. long, covered with large black scales. Umbels terminal, 3- to 5-

flowered. Flowers ’8 in. long, their pedicels '25 to '35 in. long, slender,

scaly. Calyx cupular, 5-toothed, less than -05 in. deep. Corolla red,

glabrous, -8 in. long (when dry), salver-shaped, the tube about -2 in. in

diam. when dry, about '6 in. long, the limb about - 5 in. across when

dry, with 5 broad, blunt, cuneate lobes. Stamens 10, their filaments

glabrous. Ovary 5-eelled ; style slightly exserted from the throat of

the corolla, glabrous ; stigma clavate. Capsule about 1 in. long, slender,

ridged, the valves much recurved, twisted. Hook. Journ. Bot. I. 369 ;

DC. Prod. VII. 725 ; Bot. Mag. t. 6045 ; Beceari Malesia, I. 205 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 463. It. tubifiorum and It. cele-

bicum, DC. l.c. 725 ; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 44, t. 2ab ;

PI. Ind. Bat. II. 1059. B. lampongum, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 585.

Vireya tubiflora and V. celebica, Blume Bijdr. 855, 854.

Malacca : on Mount Ophir, 4,000 ft., Griffith (K.D.) 3503 ; Maingay

(K.D.) 702 ; Wray ; Kurz. Perak : Scortechini 385, 2336 ; Wray 614 ;

King’s Collector 3227, 8076. Penang : Bidley 125. Selangor : Bidley

7557. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

9. Rhododendron dubium, n. sp., King & Gamble. A shrub or small

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tree ; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown

when dry, slightly pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, oblong-

elliptic, the apex sub-acute, narrowed from about the middle to the

acute or rounded base ; both surfaces dull brown when dry and minutely

reticulate, the lower pale ; main-nerves 15 to 18 pairs, slightly curved,

spreading, indistinct on the upper surface, rather distinct on the lower;

the midrib very bold and prominent on the lower surface, faint and

depressed on the upper ; length 3’5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1 to 2 in. ; petiole

■75 to 1 in. long, stout. Umbels shortly stalked, 3- to 8-flowered ;

flower-pedicels unequal, -75 to 135 in. long, stout, glabrous. Flowers

unknown. Calyx cupular, '1 in. deep, the mouth wavy. Ovary densely

rufescent-pubescent. Capsule -4 to -7 in. long, rusty-pubescent, very

slightly ridged, dehiscing by 5 straight valves, crowned by the persistent

pubescent style.

Perak, at an elevation of 3,400 feet : Wray 233, 460 : Scortechini

367.

5. Pernettyopsis, King & Gamble, nov. gen.

Small rigid epiphytic shrubs. Leaves alternate, on short hispid

petioles, minutely sub-crenulate, coriaceous, persistent. Flowers soli-

tary or in pairs, axillary, with 2 (rarely 3) rather large bracts at their

bases forming an involucre ; pedicels decurved in fruit. Calyx larger

than the corolla, rotate, deeply 5-partite, persistent and unchanged in

fruit. Corolla urceolate or ovoid, glabrous, the mouth constricted and

with 5 short reflexed teeth. Stamens 10, free, included, the filaments

slightly attached by their somewhat dilated bases to the bottom of the

corolla-tube. Anthers short, inappendiculate at the back or base,

oblong, the apices prolonged into 2 long porously dehiscing tubes.

Ovary faintly 5-lobed, 5-celled ; style columnar ; stigma simple ; ovules

numerous, the placentas on the inner angles of the loculi. Berry

globose, 5-celled. Seeds minute, compressed, numerous, angled ; testa

crustaceous. — Distrib. Species 2, both Malayan.

Calyx densely rusty-tomentose . . . . . . . . 1. P. malayana.

Calyx glabrous except the tips of the lobes . . . . . . 2. P. sub-glabra.

1. Pernettyopsis malayana, n. sp., King & Gamble. Epiphytic;

a bush a foot or two in height ; young branches half as thick as a

goose-quill, sparsely clothed near their apices with flat adpressed black

bristles less than -1 in. long. Leaves thickly coriaceous, rotund, obovate

to elliptic, the apex broad, minutely apiculate, the base slightly nar-

rowed ; upper surface olivaceous T brown when dry, shining, the midrib

and main-nerves deeply depressed, the reticulations less so ; lower

80 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

surface pale dull-brown, with sparse pits, each bearing a short adpressed

dark hair, the edges wavy, sub-serrate and adpressed-ciliate ; main-

nerves 2 or 3 pairs, curving upwards and inwards and interarching,

thick but faint on the lower surface ; length l - 25 to 2 in. ; breadth

75 to 1-35 in. ; petioles '1 to -2 in., adpressed-bristly. Flowers

solitary or in pairs, - 4 or - 5 in. long, axillary, pedicellate, the pedi-

cels -3 to -4 in. long, twice as long (or more) in fruit, densely rusty-

tomentose and recurved when young, erect and less woolly when old.

Involucral bracts usually 2, thick, about - 2 in. long, broad, glabrous

inside, rusty-tomentose outside. Calyx larger than corolla, rotate,

deeply divided into 5 lanceolate, somewhat spreading, lobes ; rusty-

tomentose outside and sub-glabrous inside. Corolla a little shorter

than the calyx, glabrous, ovoid-globular, its mouth contracted and with

5 short reflexed teeth. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla, and

inserted near its base ; anthers oblong, broad, cordate and inappendicu-

late at the base ; the apex prolonged into 2 white apically porous tubes ;

filaments short, bent. Ovary sub-globular, laxly and deciduously

tomentose, 5-celled ; ovules numerous, oblong-concave, attached by the

middle to the axillary placentas ; style cylindric, slightly grooved,

twice as long as the corolla. Fruit a berry with scanty pulp, blue

when ripe, the seeds red.

Perak, at elevations of about 6,500 feet, on the summit of Gunong

Batu Pateh : Scortechini 402 ; Wray 312.

2. Pernettyopsis sub-glabra, n. sp., King & Gamble. A

small, rigid, epiphytic shrub ; young stems slightly thicker than a

crow-quill, with a few adpressed bristles near the ends, otherwise

glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, sub-rotund to elliptic-rotund, minutely

apiculate ; upper surface dull-brown, minutely reticulate, glabrous, the

lower reddish-brown, with a few small adpressed hairs with black

bases ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curving upwards, deeply depressed

on the upper surface like the midrib, less so on the lower ; the

edges minutely sub-serrate and sparsely adpressed-ciliate ; length -8 to

1-5 in.; breadth -75 to 1-25 in. ; petiole -15 to -25 in. long, adpressed-

bristly. Bracts under the flower 2 or 3, broad, rusty-pubescent

externally like the pedicel. Calyx longer than the corolla, rotate,

with 5 deep lanceolate spreading lobes, glabrous except the rusty-

pubescent tips. Corolla, stamens, ovary, and style as in P. malayana.

Fruit unknown.

Perak, at elevations of 5,000 feet : Scortechini 752 ; King’s

Collector 7407.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LXVII. MONOTROPEiE.

[By D. Pbain.]

Leafless, erect, white or coloured root-parasites ; stems herbaceous,

scaly, simple or forked. Floivers solitary on the stem or branches,

regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals usually resembling the scales, 2 to C,

often deciduous. Petals 3 to 6. Stamens 6 to 12, hypogynous, 2-seriate ;

filaments filiform or flattened ; anthers 2-celled, or by confluence

1-celled. Ovary superior, globose or fusiform, 1- to 6-celled ; style

cylindric, stigma peltate ; ovules very many on axial or parietal

placentas. Fruit capsular, loculicidally 4- to 6-valved, or indehiscent

and baccate. Seeds very many, minute ; testa often loosely saccate ;

embryo very minute, solid. — Distrib. Genera 9, in dense woods,

mostly in temperate regions, all in the northern hemisphere.

1. Cheilotheca, Hook. fil.

Small herbs, with erect, simple or forked, white or coloured stems ;

branches 1-flowered. Sepals 3 to 5, narrowly oblong like the upper-

most stem-scales. Petals 3, erect, obtuse. Stamens 6 ; anthers linear,

cells 2, confluent at the apex, dehiscing by marginal slits or pores.

Ovary fusiform, 1-celled, narrowed into the cylindric style ; stigma

globose-conic, usually slightly lohed ; placentas 6, parietal, 2-fid, the

segments covered throughout by numerous ovules. Fruit fleshy, inde-

hiscent, baccate. — Distrib. Species 2, Indo-Chinese and Malayan.

1. Cheilotheca malayana, Scorfc. in Hook. fil. Icon. Plant., XVI.

t. 1564. A root-parasite in dense forest ; stem herbaceous, erect,

simple or 2- to 3-forked, 6 to 9 in. high, stoutish. Scales ovate-oblong,

obtuse, imbricated, gradually increasing upwards, lurid purple ( Scorte -

cliini) or waxy white ( Kunstler ). Flowers terminal on stem and

branches, 1 in. long, hidden inside the uppermost scales, and bright

yellow (Kunstler), or with the tips of the petals exserted and white

( Scortechini ). Sepals 5, resembling the uppermost scales, imbricate,

linear-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, glabrous. Petals 3, rather larger

than the sepals, rounded-cucullate at the apex, externally glabrous,

internally more or less pilose. Stamens 6, filaments puberulous or

pilose, alternately somewhat shorter and longer ; anthers short, innate,

hippocrepiform, cells confluent at apex, dehiscing by marginal pores.

Ovary narrowly fusiform ; stigma obscurely 4-lobed ; placentas 6,

parietal. Fruit white, fleshy, baccate, -75 in. across, tipped by the

persistent remains of the stout style. Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXXIII. 2, 205.

82 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak, in heavy jungle at about 3,500 feet elevation : Scortechini ;

Kunstler 2715.

According to the field notes recorded by these two careful collectors the specimens

gathered by Kunstler differ from those obtained by Scorteehini ; in the latter the

scales were lurid purple and the flowers were white, in the former the scales were waxy

white and the flowers bright yellow. The petals in Kunstler’s plant are sparingly

hirsute within and the anthers are nearly twice as long. In other respects, however,

the two plants are identical, and the doubt that one feels in connection with the two is

not so much as to whether they are nonspecific, as it is as to whether this Malayan

Cheilotheca be really specifically separable from the species from the Khasia Hills upon

which Hooker originally based the very distinct genus Cheilotheca. The only very

tangible differences are that in the Khasia plant only 3 to 4 scales can be with pro-

priety considered sepals, whereas in the Malayan one the number of sepals, as apart

from the upper scales or bracts, is 5 ; and that in the Khasia plant the anthers are

long, like linear lips on each side of the connective, whereas in the Malayan plant the

anthers are much shorter and distinctly hippocrepiform. The fruit appears to be

quite indehiscent, and thus deviates from the fruit in other genera of Monotropcrr,

which, so far as is known, is always loeulicidally dehiscent.

Order LXVIII. EPACRIDEtE.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite or

pseudo-verticillate, articulated with the branches, sometimes fascicled

or imbricate, coriaceous or rigid, persistent, entire, with parallel longi-

tudinal nerves ; ex-stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary and

axillary or terminal, spicate or racemose, generally white or red ; usually

bracteate and usually 2-bracteolate, the bracteoles similar to the sepals.

Calyx 4- to 5-partite, the segments coriaceous, striate, imbricate, per-

sistent. Corolla 4- to 5-fid, monopetalous, deciduous or sometimes

marcescent ; the tube short or long, often cylindric or funnel-shaped ;

the lobes short or long, erect, patent or recurved, imbricate or valvate,

persistent. Stamens 5, rarely 4, hypogynous or epipetalous, the fila-

ments short or long, filiform or flattened, free ; the anthers dorsifixed,

oblong, dehiscing along their whole length by a single slit, 1-celled or

spuriously 2-celled. Disk cupular, annular or of simple or bifid scales

equal in number to the carpels. Ovary globose or ovoid, 1- to 10-

celled ; style terminal, short or long, filiform ; stigmas punctiform,

discoid or lobulate, sometimes annular or indusiate ; ovules in each cell

solitary, pendulous, rarely erect ; or many on a central placenta. Fruit

drupaceous, with 2 to 5 1-seeded pyrenes ; or a many-seeded capsule.

Seeds small, with fleshy albumen, testa membranaceous ; embryo axile,

orthotropous, smooth ; cotyledons short ; radicle elongate, near the

liilum, — Distrib, About 320 species, nearly all Australian, a few in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 83

New Caledonia and New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, or the Malay

Archipelago.

Leucopogon, Br.

Shrubs, erect or prostrate, branching, rarely trees. Leaves various,

sessile or petiolate, striate-nerved. Flowers small, white, in axillary or

terminal spikes or racemes, the rachis ending in an imperfect flower;

bract 1, bracteoles 2 to 3 under the calyx. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-

tube funnel-shaped or campanulate ; lobes 5, valvate in bud, patent or

upper part recurved, hairy within. Stamens fixed to the top of the

corolla-tube, filaments short, filiform ; anthers dorsifixed, included or

semi-exsert, linear or oblong. Ovary 2- to 5-celled ; style short or

elongated, terminal ; stigma sub-capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell,

pendulous. Fruit drupaceous, with a crustaceous or bony endocarp,

1- to 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds small. — Distrib. About 130

species, all but about 20 Australian, the rest in New Zealand, the

Pacific Islands, and the Malay Archipelago.

Leucopogon malayanus, Jack in Mai. Misc. I. v. 20, and Hook.

Bot. Misc. II. 71. A small branching shrub, reaching 3 to 6 feet in

height ; branches grey, marked by the sears of fallen leaves, branchlets

very leafy ; branch-buds elongate, supported by imbricate parallel-veined

ciliate deciduous scales. Leaves alternate, sessile, stiff, entire, narrowly

lanceolate, acute and mucronate at apex, 1-5 to 2-5 in. long, -3 to '5 in.

broad, shining and convex above, dull or glaucous beneath, ciliate when

young ; midrib none, nerves very close, slender, longitudinally parallel,

in old leaves scarcely visible. Floivers in short axillary 3- to 7-flowered

spikes, • 5 in. long, the last flower imperfect ; rachis villous, sometimes

flexuose ; bracts ovate, recurved, bracteoles 2, ovate, acute, ciliate,

closely embracing the calyx. Calyx- lobes 5, crustaceous, elliptic-

oblong, '125 in. long, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, ‘1 to - 2 in. long ;

lobes 5, -1 to - 15 in. long, spreading, villous within. Hypogynous scales

5, minute, free, obtuse. Stamens 5, short, alternate with the corolla-

lobes ; filaments inserted near the top of the anthers ; anthers curved,

pendent, opening longitudinally ; pollen globose. Ovary 5-celled ;

ovule 1 in each cell, oblong ; style erect, -05 in. long, villous ; stigma

sub-globose. Fruit a 5-celled baccate drupe, ’1 to '2 in. in diam., each

cell 1-seeded. Seeds not seen. Wall. Oat. 3720; Wall, in Boxb. FI.

Ind., ed. Carey and Wall. II. 301 ; G. Don Gen. Syst. III. 777 ; DC.

Prod. VII. 741 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1052 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and For. FI. II. 95 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br.

Ind. III. 477. Styphelia malayica, Spreng. Syst. IV. Cur. post, 67.

Perak: Scortechini 760; CantlcyiG', King’s Collector 7428,8056.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Malacca: Jack ; Griffith (Iv.D.) 3453/1; Maingay (K.D.) 704; Lobb ;

on Mount Ophir, Moxon ; Ridley. Singapore : Jack ; Sir R. Scliom-

burgk 50; Wallicli 3720 ; Ridley 1832. — Distrib. Bangka, Teysmann',

Borneo, Ridley.

Var. moluccana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and

For. FI. II. 96. Leaves -5 to 1 in. long, subulate-pointed, venation

more prominent, branclilets more slender. L. moluccanum, Scheff.

Obs. Phyt. III. 97.

Kedah peak : Low. — Distrib. Tenasserim, Heifer (K.D.) 3453.

Order LXIX. PLUMBAGINE.ZE.

Plerbs or undershrubs. Leaves various, alternate or fascicled.

Floivcrs in terminal scapes or branches, capitate, spicate, racemed or

panicled ; bracts searious or leafy, often sheathing the flower, bracteoles

2. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, tubular or funnel-shaped, 5- to 10-

ribbed, often hyaline between the ribs ; lobes 5, usually searious.

Corolla hypogynous ; petals 5, free or connate at the base or united in

a linear tube ; lobes spreading. Stamens 5, opposite the petals ; fila-

ments free or adnate in a tube with the corolla ; anthers ovate or oblong,

dorsifixed, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior,

sessile or very shortly stalked, 1-celled, 5-angular above; styles 5,

distinct from the base or connate below ; stigmas sub-capitate ;

ovule 1, pendulous from a basal ascending funicle, anatropous. Fruit

included in the calyx or elongate or exsert, dry or indehiscent, mem-

branous or hardened at the apex, circumsciss or breaking near the thin

base, the apex often 5-valved. Seeds cylindric or elongate, pendulous,

albumen copious or little or 0, radicle superior ; embryo straight, coty-

ledons linear or oblong. — Distrib. Species about 200, mostly of sea-

coasts or desert places throughout the world.

Large shrubs with broad-petioled leaves ; styles 5, distinct ; stamens

united in a tube with the corolla .. .. .. ..1. jEgialitis.

Perennial herbs with aurieulate leaves ; style 1, filiform, with 5 stig-

matic branches ; stamens free . . . . . . . . 2. Plumbago.

1. iEGIALITIS, B. Br.

Simple-stemmed, soft-wooded shrubs. Leaves orbicular, alternate,

coriaceous, glabrous, entire, smooth, gland-dotted, reticulately- veined,

with long, thick, winged, amplexicaul petioles. Flowers in axillary or

terminal panicles of racemes; bract 1, sheathing, coriaceous, obtuse ;

enclosing the 2 bracteoles. Calyx tubular, folded; lobes 5, short,

induplicate-valvate. Corolla usually shorter than calyx, lobes 5,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slightly cohering at base. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals.

Ovary 1-celled ; styles free, stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, linear,

long-exserted from the calyx, pentagonal, 1-seeded. — Distrib. Species

2, one Indian the other Australian.

iEGiALiTis rotundifolia, Roxb. FI. Ind. II. Ill, A simple-

stemmed, soft-wooded shrub, 3 to 8 feet high ; stem about 3 in. in

diam., conical in shape. Leaves alternate, orbicular, very slightly acute

at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base, diam. 2 to 3 in., entire,

glabrous, coriaceous, minutely glandular-dotted, shining above, dull

beneath ; midrib thick and prominent, veins at an angle of 60 degrees

with the midrib, closely reticulate ; petiole very stout, 2 to 3 in. long,

prominently winged, the wings sheathing, amplexicaul, leaving annular

scars when they fall. Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicled

racemes; flowers pale yellow, nearly sessile, enclosed in sheathing

bracts ; bract 1, - 3 to - 4 in. long, concave, obtuse, enclosing the two

similar but smaller bracteoles. Calyx cylindric, furrowed, - 2 to "3 in.

long ; teeth 5, short. Corolla slightly longer than calyx ; lobes 5,

narrow. Stamens inserted on the base of the corolla ; filaments

shorter than corolla-tube ; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 1-celled,

styles free, stigma capitate, ovule 1 pendulous. Wall. Cat. 7240 ; Griff.

Notul. IV. 207 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 479 ; Prain Beng.

Plants I. 638. MS. annulata var. rotundifolia, DC. Prod. XII. 621.

MS. annulata, Ivurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217 ; For. FI. II.

96 (not of B. Br.). MSgianilites rotundifolia, Presl. Bot. Bemerk. 103.

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 4156. — Distrib. Coasts of Bengal and

Burma and the Andaman Islands, in mangrove swamps.

2. Plumbago, Linn.

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, rarely annual, branches usually

straggling or sub-scandent. Leaves, if present, alternate, entire, the

petioles usually amplexicaul, auriculate at base. Flowers in terminal

spikes or spicate racemes, forming sometimes a leafy terminal panicle ;

bract 1, bracteoles 2, usually small. Calyx tubular, glandular, 5-fid,

the teeth erect. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube slender, lobes spreading.

Stamens free; filaments filiform, inserted on hypogynous glands; anthers

oblong, dorsifixed, usually exsert. Ovary attenuate at apex; style

slender, divided into stigmatose branches ; ovule 1, pendulous from a

basal ascending funicle. Fruit a capsule, included in the persistent

calyx and corolla, eircumsciss near the base, hardened above ; seed

solitary, albumen very small, embryo slender, radicle superior, coty-

ledons oblong. — Distrib. About 10 species, found in the warm regions

of both hemispheres.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Plumbago zeylanica, Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 151. A straggling

perennial herb; branches rounded, striate, glabrous. Leaves alternate,

ovate, shortly acute at apex, rounded at base and suddenly narrowed

and decurrent, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 - 5 in. broad, entire, thin, glabrous

above, somewhat scurfy beneath and often glaucous ; midrib slender,

prominent beneath, main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, also prominent, curving

upwards, secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole ’5 to 1 in.

long, winged by the gradually narrowing decurrent base of the blade,

auricled and amplexicaul at base. Inflorescence a terminal leafy panicle

of spicate racemes, the raehis densely glandular ; bract ovate, acumi-

nate, bracteoles 2, linear-subulate ; pedicels very short or none, bracts

and pedicels glandular. Calyx narrowly tubular, about -5 in. long,

more or less deeply 5-fid ; lobes slender, hyaline on the margins,

covered thickly on the back with prominent stalked red glands.

Coi o/fa-tube white, slender, funnel-shaped, membranous, about 1 in.

long; lobes 5, nearly -5 in. long, ovate, acute, patent. Stamens 5, free;

filaments very slender ; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, exsert. Ovary ovoid ;

style filiform, dividing into 5 stigmatose branches. Capsule mem-

bianous below, thick above, 5-furrowed, sharply pointed ; seed pendu-

lous, oblong; cotyledons obtuse. DC. Prod. XII. 692; Eoxb. Hort.

Beng. 13, PI. Ind, I. 462 ; Wall. Cat. 7241g ; Wight 111. t. 179 ; Miq.

FI. Ind. Bat. II. 994 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. PI. 220 ; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 480 ;

Trimen PI. Geyl. Ill, 65; Prain Beng. Plants I. 639. P. auriculata,

Bl. Bijclr. 736. P. viscosa, Blanco PI. Filip, ed. I. 78. ‘ Tumba-

codivdli,’ Bheede Hort. Mai. X. t. 8.

Penang : Curtis 93 ; Deschamps. Negri Sembilan : Ridley 10095.

Singapore : Deschamps ; King’s Collector 284.— Distrib. Tropical

regions of the Old World, doubtfully indigenous in the Malay Penin-

sula or elsewhere.

Order LXXVIII. GENTIANACE2E.

[By C. B. Clarke.]

Herbs, erect, twining, or floating ; glabrous except Microrphium.

Leaves entire ; those of the lower main stem opposite except in the

floating plants. Inflorescence in 2- to 3-divided cymes, or peduncles

1-flowered. Flowers symmetric in calyx, corolla, stamens (except in

Canscora). Calyx tubular or campanulate ; lobes 4 to 5 (or by accident

(?) 6), oblong or linear. Corolla gamopetalous, tube long or short;

lobes as many as calyx-segments, usually dextrorsely contorted in the

bud. Stavions as many as the corolla-segments, all perfect (except in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Canscora) ; filaments on the corolla-tube ; anthers of 2 parallel cells.

Ovary 1- (or imperfectly 2-) celled ; of 2 carpels, superior or stalked or

slightly inferior ; style linear or oblong ; stigma capitate or shortly

2-lobed ; placentas parietal, sometimes much intruded, partly coalescing

in the axis ; ovules very many. Capsule dehiscent or indehiscent, not

rarely becoming more or less succulent ; seeds many, albuminous.

— Distbib. Species 700; found in all countries.

Erect herbs ; lower stem leaves (often all the leaves) opposite

Glabrous ; corolla blue

Pubescent all over

Glabrous ; corolla rose-coloured or white

Twiner ; corolla narrow, more than 1 in. long

Floating (or creeping on mud) ; leaves round-ovate : —

Peduncles solitary, from the axil of a long-petioled leaf

Peduncles clustered, from the axil of a sessile leaf. .

1. Exacum, Linn.

Glabrous erect herbs. Leaves opposite, usually 3- to 5-nerved.

Floivers panicled, 4- to 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed. Corolla rotate ;

tube globose ; lobes ovate or oblong, blue or white. Stamens attached

in the corolla throat ; anthers large, of two oblong cells, which open

first by terminal pores or short slits. Ovary more or less completely

2-celled ; style linear ; stigma sub-capitate. Capsule globose, septici-

dally 2-valved ; seeds numerous, minute, cuboid. — Distbib. Species

30, whereof 20 Indian, the others in China, Malaya, Africa.

Stem 1 to 4 feet; corolla-lobes J in. long, azure blue . . 1 . E. tetragonum.

Stem 4 to 12 in. ; corolla-lobes | to J in. long, pale blue . . 2 . E. pedunculatum.

1. Exacum tetbagonum, var. /3 stylosa, C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil.

FI. Br. Ind. IV. 95. Stem 1 to 4 feet, quadrangular. Leaves 5 by 1 in.,

sessile, lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved. Panicle many-flowered ; bracts at its

divisions -25 to '5 in. long, linear ; flowers 4-merous, or rarely 5-merous.

Calyx-lobes -25 in. long, ovate acuminate. Corolla-lobes - 5 in. long,

broadly elliptic acute, full azure-blue. Anthers -2 in. long, straight.

Style -5 in. long. Capsule globose, -25 in. in diam. E. stylosum (sp.),

Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 46. E. chironioides, Griseb. Gent. 109, in

DC. Prod. IX. 45. E. Horsftcldianum, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 556. E.

sulcatum, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV. 425 {not of Roxb.).

E. tetragonum, Vidal FI. Filip. 191.

Singapobe : Lobb 473. — Distbib. From Burma to Borneo and the

Philippines.

2. Exacum pedunculatum, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. I. 112 ; ed. II. 163.

. . 1. Exacum.

. . 2. Microrphium.

. . 3. Canscora.

. . 4. Crawfurdia.

. . 5. Villarsia.

. . 6. Limnanthemum.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stem 4 to 12 in., quadrangular, often much-branched. Leaves 1-5 by

•5 in., sub-sessile, elliptic or lanceolate, 3-nerved. Panicle usually com-

pound, many-flowered ; lower bracts similar to the leaves, by degrees

smaller, to the upper less than -25 in. long; flowers 4-merous. Calyx-

lobes -17 to -2 in. long, ovate, acute, winged. Corolla-lobes '25 to -35 in.

long, pale blue. Anthers -12 in. long, dehiscing finally half-way down.

Capsule globose, ‘17 in. in diam. DC. Prod. IX. 46 ; Hook. fil. PI. Br.

Ind. IV. 97 ; Trimen, PL Ceyl. III. 182. E. pedunculate, Arn. in Ann.

Sc. Nat. ser. 2, XI. 176; Wight Ic. t. 336. E. sulcatum, Roxb. PI.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 415 ; DC. Prod. IX. 46 (syn. excl).

Singapore : Lobb 358. — Distrib. Prom Oudli and Bengal to

Ceylon and Pegu.

2. Microrphium, C. B. Clarke, gen. nov.

A pubescent erect herb, repeatedly branched. Leaves alternate

except a few distant opposite pairs on the main stem. Flowers

numerous, solitary, pedicelled, in unilateral repeatedly branched cymes.

Calyx short-cylindric, terete, sub-2-lipped, almost leathery ; lobes 5,

short. Corolla small ; tube campanulate, lobes 5, equal, dextrorsely

contorted in the bud. Stamens 5, equal, perfect ; anthers exsert, cells

oblong, parallel, dehiscing by a slit their whole length. Ovary 1-celled;

placentas intruded; style linear, stigma sub-capitate. Seeds very small,

ovoid, not angular. — Distrib. Species 1, Malayan.

1. Microrphium pubescens, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov. Stem, leaves,

inflorescence, calyx covered with a short thick grey pubescence. Stem

(upper part seen) 14 in. long ; the lower part with opposite pairs of

leaves (and branches) 2-5 in. apart ; all the other numerous stem-

divisions and leaves alternate. Leaves of the main stem '75 by '35 in.,

elliptic, entire, obtuse, narrowed at base ; petiole 0 to -1 in. long ;

the other leaves similar but smaller. Pedicels - 25 in. long. Calyx - 2 in.

long ; opening at first in two lips, one emarginate 2-nerved, the other

ovate 3-nerved. Corolla-tube broad, lobes short, round, soon reflexed

over the calyx-margin. Capsule ovoid, '2 in. long, dry ; seeds 200 y

in diam. Pollen globose ; 25 y in diam.

Kedah : Curtis 2528. “ Height 1 to 2 feet ; petals white ; anthers

yellow” (Curtis).

3. Canscora, Lam.

Herbs, dichotomously branched, glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves

opposite. Flowers mostly cymose. Calyx large, membranous, tubular,

often winged ; teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube cylin-

dric; lobes 4, unequal (except in C. pentanthera). Ovary 1-celled;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

placentas intruded; style linear, lobes 2, hemispheric. Capsule 2-valved

or breaking up irregularly. Seeds very small, polyhedral. — Distrib.

Species about 25, extending from Africa through South-east Asia to

Australia.

One stamen only perfect ; corolla irregular . . . , 1. G. diffusa.

All stamens perfect ; corolla regular . . . . . . 2. C. pentanthera.

Sub-genus 1. Eu-Canscora. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla sub-bilabiate.

Stamens 4 ; 1 larger perfect, 3 shorter smaller or obsolete.

1. Canscora diffusa, B. Brown, Prodr. (1810) 451 in Obs. Erect

annual, 4 to 20 in., much branched upwards. Leaves l - 5 by -5 in., lanceo-

late or elliptic, 3-nerved, often petioled, upper smaller. Cyme diffuse ;

lower bracts at its divisions p 5 in. long, ovate, upper much smaller. Calyx

in. long; teeth lanceolate-linear. Corolla rose-coloured ; tube ^ in.,

lobes l in. Capsule oblong, as long as the calyx. DC. Prod. IX. 64 ;

Benth. El. Austral. IV. 372; Hook. fil. El. Br. Ind. IV. 103; Trimen

FI. Ceyl., III. 184. Exacum diffusum, Willd. Sp. PI. I. 637. Ortho-

stemon erectum, E. Br. Prod. 451 ; DC. l.c. 63. 0. Hugelii, DC. l.c. 63.

Pladcra virgata, Eoxb. PI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 417 ; Hook. Bot.

Misc. III. 88 t. 25.

Singapore : Lobb 345. A common species, extending from East

Tropical Africa throughout India to Australia and the Philippines.

Sub-genus 2. Pentanthera. Stamens 5 (or 6), equal, anthers all

similar, perfect. Corolla-lobes 5 (or sometimes 6), equal, dextrorsely

contorted in the bud.

2. Canscora pentanthera, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov. A slender under-

shrub, 18 in. high, glabrous except the minutely gland-puberulous (young)

petioles ; stem terete with many opposite branches. Leaves opposite,

3 by 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base; petiole

0 to '2 in. Cymes loosely, repeatedly dichotomous, often carrying 10

flowers ; bracts at the divisions similar to the leaves, but gradually

smaller, becoming sessile, a few pairs connate into perfoliate bracts.

Floivers solitary, -5 in. long, on pedicels -12 to - 5 in. long. Calyx '35 in.

long, membranous ; tube triquetrous, narrowly 3-winged, ovoid-cylindric ;

lobes less than one-third the length of the tube, ovate, imbricate, apieulate.

Corolla white (Ridley) ; tube as long as the calyx, lobes 5 (or not rarely

6), oblong-elliptic, equal, sub-erect, contorted dextrorsely ( sensu Lin-

neano) in the bud. Stamens 5 (or 6 in the 6-lobed corolla), equal,

perfect ; filaments inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube from

which the erect anthers are half-exsert ; anther-cells 2, oblong or linear-

oblong, opening by longitudinql slits; pollen 25 by 20 p, ellipsoid,

irregularly longitudinally striate. Ovary oblong, when young thin,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

almost succulent ; placentas much intruded ; style linear, with 2 round

stigmatic lobes. Capsule broad-ellipsoid, crustaceous, almost succulent

(dehiscence not clear) ; style persistent; seeds 300 y in diam., ovoid,

somewhat angular, brown.

Perak, Waterloo : Robertson 9088. Selangor : Sua Batu, Ridley ;

Gua Batu, Ridley 8218. Kedah : Langkaui, Curtis 2516.

Thia species, the only one in the sub-genus, differs in the asstivation of the corolla,

the number of the stamens, the anthers all equal, the persistent style, from the

characters assigned to Ganscora.

4. Crawfurdia, Wall.

Glabrous twiners. Leaves opposite, petioled, 3-nerved. Flowers

showy, axillary. Calyx tubular ; teeth 5 (or 4), long, often very long.

Corolla long, tubular-funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, short. Stamens 5 on

the corolla-tube ; anthers oblong. Ovary stalked, 1-celled, placentas

parietal ; style linear, stigmas 2, short-oblong. Fruit globose or ellip-

soid, berried or capsular ; seeds many, 2- (or imperfectly 3-) angled. —

Distrib. Species 10-12, extending from India to Manchuria.

1. Crawfurdia Blumii, G. Don Syst. IV. 200. Stem often 3 to

4 feet long. Leaves (blade) 1-5 by -75 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire ;

base rounded or narrowed ; petiole '35 in. Flowers axillary, solitary,

sub-sessile, or the pedicel '25 to 1-5 in. long. Calyx narrow, angular ;

tube -2 in. long, teeth -25 in. long, linear. Corolla P25 to P5 in. long,

light purple. Fruit '6 in. long, ellipsoid, purple, succulent. Seeds

imperfectly 3-angular, angles (or 2 of them) often narrowly winged.

Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. v. II. 561 ( Blumei ). C. trinervis, Ilassk. Cat. Hort.

Bogor. 128, in Tidjsch. Nat. Gesch. X. 126. Tripterospermum trinerve,

Blume Bijd. 849 ; Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. p. 121. [ Cf . C. B. Clarke

in FI. Br. Ind. IX. p. 107, sub Craivfurdid affini, Wallich.]

Pahang, 7,000 feet alt. : Wray 1570. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

5. Villahsia, Vent.

Floating, glabrous herbs. Leaves long -petioled, ovate, entire or

sinuate. Peduncles solitary, 1- (or many-) flowered. Calyx deeply

5-lobed. Corolla broadly campanulate ; tube short, lobes sub-rotate.

Stamens 5 ; filaments filiform, on the corolla-tube ; anthers sagittate.

Ovary 1-celled ; style short ; stigma of 2 small lobes ; placentas parietal.

Capsule globose, 1-celled, 4-valved at the apex ; seeds several (or

numerous). — Distrib. Species 12, in Africa or in Australia, except the

following Malay species.

1. Villarsia aurantiaca, Bidley MS. A small herb ; stems 2 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, with leaves and peduncles at the nodes. Leaves all long-petioled,

•35 in. in diam., widely excavated at the base, ovate, margin sinuate ;

petiole -5 to 2 in. long. Peduncles solitary, 1 to 2 in. long, ebracteate,

1 -flowered. Calyx -17 in. long, lobes oblong. Corolla -35 in. in diam.

Pahang : Kwala Pahar, liidley.

This example shows no fruit, and the flowers are not in a state for dissection. This

collection has been supposed to be near Limnanthemum parvifolium, Griseb., which

has smaller flowers, with the peduncles (several) clustered in the axil of a sessile leaf.

This plant of Ridley appears to come near the Swan River Villarsia violifolia, F.

Muell.

6. Limnanthemum, S. P. Gmel.

Peduncles several in the axil of a nearly sessile leaf. Capsule thin,

breaking up irregularly, otherwise as Villarsia. — Distrib. Species 20,

dispersed throughout the Tropical and Temperate Zones.

1. Limnanthemum parvifolium, Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 141.

Stem 3 to 8 in. long, slender, with distant nodes. Leaf -75 in., round,

ovate, excavated at base, gland-dotted on the under surface ; petiole

scarcely -08 in. Pedicels clustered, 0 to -25 in. long. Calyx-lobes -08 in.

long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-lobes T7 in. long, white, fimbriate.

Capsule T7 in. long, ellipsoid, sessile, about 10-seeded ; seeds smooth

but with capitate papillae sparsely irregularly scattered. Hook. fil. PI.

Brit. Ind. IY. 132 ; Trimen, FI. Ceyl. III. 189.

Singapore : Cuming 2280 (in Mus. Brit.). — Distrib. Malabar,

Ceylon ; Chittagong to Tavoy.

LONDON

PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN AND CO.

HATTON GARDEN

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vol. LXXIV., Part Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. — By Sir George

King, K.C.I.E., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., late Superintendent of the

Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Gamble, Esq.,

C.I.E., M.A., P.E.S., I.L.S., late of the Indian Forest Department .

No. 17.

This contribution embraces the Natural Orders Myrsinacea, Sapo-

tacece, Ebenacece, Styracece, Oleacece, which are given under the joint

names of the authors, the actual descriptions having been prepared by

Sir George King for the Ebenacece and by Mr. J. S. Gamble for

the rest.

The 5 Natural Orders comprise 24 genera and 221 species. There

are no new genera, but the number of new species reaches 103.

Order LXX. MYBSINACE2E.

Trees, shrubs (erect or climbing), or undershrubs, generally ever-

green. Leaves usually alternate, sometimes opposite, entire dentate or

creuate, often dotted with pellucid round or linear resinous glands.

Stipules none. Flowers regular, usually small, white or reddish ;

hermaphrodite or occasionally polygamo-dioecious ; generally in

panicles, racemes or umbels. Calyx inferior (in Mcesa adnate to the

ovary), 4-6-lobed, the lobes valvate or imbricate, sometimes enlarged

m fruit, persistent, often marked with glandular dots or lines. Corolla

4-5-lobed ; the tube usually very short, sometimes wanting ; lobes

twisted to the left in the bud, 'usually overlapping to the right, rarely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

valvate, often gland-dotted or -striate. Stamens opposite to the corolla-

lobes and equal to them in number, free or adnate to the lobes or in an

inner ring, generally erect ; filaments long or short ; anthers opening

by slits, usually introrsely, sometimes septate as in AEgiceras and

Ardisia littoralis, sometimes with terminal openings as well, free or

adherent by their edges ; the connective often thickened and produced,

sometimes glandular; staminodes sometimes present, though not in

Malay species. Ovary globose, ovoid or oblong, free (in Mcesa adherent

to the calyx- tube), 1-celled, narrowed into or surmounted by the style;

style filiform or columnar, stigma usually simple ; ovules few or many,

inserted on or immersed in a free usually globose central placenta.

Fruit usually small, globose (in JEgiceras linear, curved, acuminate) ;

epicarp fleshy, mesocarp crustaceous, endocarp membranous, separable ;

usually one- rarely several-seeded (as in Mcesa), indehiscent. Seeds

usually globose, hollowed at the base : in Mcesa many and angled ;

albumen pitted or ruminate ; embryo transverse, cylindric ; radicle

usually elongate. — Distrib. Tropical or sub-tropical regions of both

hemispheres, chiefly in Asia and South America; genera 32, species

upwards of 900 (according to Mez Monog. Myrsinece).

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; fruit many-seeded (Tribe I.

Mieses) : —

Trees or shrubs ; calyx 2-bracteolate ; flowers in simple or com-

pound racemes

Calyx-tube free from the ovary ; fruit one-seeded (Tribe II.

Eumyrsine^:) : —

Fruit round ; anther-cells usually opening by slits, rarely sep-

tate : —

Corolla-lobes imbricate in bud : —

Flowers in axillary or lateral fascicles ; trees or shrubs

Flowers in racemes or panicles; climbing plants, rarely

shrubs

Corolla-lobes valvate in bud ; flowers in paniculate spike-like

racemes ; small shrubs with parallel- veined leaves

Corolla-lobes contorted in bud : —

Anthers sagittate, rarely septate ; corolla-lobes overlapping

to the right

Anthers sagittate-lanceolate, the connective produced in a

membranous wing ; corolla-lobes overlapping to the left

Fruit elongate, cylindric, long-pointed ; anthers markedly septate

1. Miesa.

2. Myrsine.

3. Embelia.

4. Labisia.

5. Ardisia.

6. Antistrophe.

7. TEgiceras.

1. M^sa, Forsk.

Trees or shrubs, erect or straggling. Leaves entire, dentate or ser-

rate, usually pellucid-punctate, sometimes with resinous lines. Flowers

hermaphrodite or unisexual, in terminal or axillary racemes, the

pedicels bracteate. Calyx bibracteolate, 4-5-lobed ; lobes persistent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 95

imbricate ; the tube adnate to the ovary, sometimes with resinous lines.

Corolla shortly campanulate, 4-5-lobed ; the lobes usually as long as

the tube or rather shorter, rounded with indexed tips, sometimes

resinous-lineate. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla-tube ; fila-

ments short ; anthers introrse, oblong-cordate. Ovary adnate to the

calyx-tube ; style short ; stigma small, entire or shortly 3-5-lobed ;

ovules numerous, placenta globose. Fruit small, dry or fleshy, ovoid

or subturbinate, crowned with the persistent style, many-seeded.

Seeds numerous, angular, immersed in hollows of the placenta, and

arranged around it with hexagonal surfaces, embryo small, oblique or

transverse, cotyledons narrowly ovate. — Distrib. Species over 100

(according to Mez), chiefly in the tropical regions of the Old World,

a few in Australia and the Pacific Islands ; all the Malayan species

belonging to sub-genus Eiuncesa, Mez.

Leaves entire : —

Flowers in large terminal leafy panicles ; branches of the

inflorescence pubescent . .

Flowers in large axillary or pseudo-terminal panicles of

racemes ; branches of inflorescence glabrous . .

Leaves faintly lobed : —

Leaves very slightly dentate, almost coriaceous, under 3-5 in.

long, midrib and main-nerves very prominent ; inflorescence

as long as or only a little shorter than leaves

Leaves membranous, over 4 in. long : —

Leaves pale when dry, under 3 in. broad, distantly den-

tate, inflorescence longer than the petiole

Leaves dull green when dry, over 4 in. broad, inflorescence

scarcely longer than the petiole

Leaves prominently dentate

1. 31. macrothyna.

2. AT. ramentacea.

3. 31. impressinervis.

4. 31. striata.

5. 31. pahangiana.

6. 31. indica.

1. MiESA macrothyrsa, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573 (1862). A

slender climbing shrub reaching 30 to 50 feet in length ; branches brown,

somewhat angled and flexuose, striate. Leaves entire, chartaceous ;

elliptic, shortly bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded at base ; smooth and

dull on both surfaces ; 3 to 4 in. long, 1*5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib promi-

nent, impressed above ; main-nerves 5 to 7 pairs, distant, starting from

the midrib at about 60° and curving upwards ; secondary nerves and

reticulations indistinct ; petiole '5 to *7 in. long, channelled above by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a large leafy terminal

many-flowered tripinnate panicle, the branches rusty pubescent ; pedi-

cels about -025 in. long, supported by a slightly shorter ovate-acute

bract, and bearing 2 similar bracteoles below the flowers. Calyx

superior, cupular ; lobes 4, occasionally 5, rounded, denticulate, *04 in.

long, gland-dotted ; tube very short. Corolla dull white or pink, longer

than calyx ; tube as long as lobes ; lobes 4 or 5, rounded, often with

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

small lobules between, denticulate, with about 3 to 4 glandular lineoles.

Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers globose;

filaments about twice as long aS anthers. Ovary rounded, depressed,

crowned with a short cylindric style and obtusely 3-4-lobed stigma.

Fruit very small, '05 in. in diam., globose, glabrous, faintly striate,

crowned about one-tliird of the way down with the persistent calyx-

teeth. Seeds very minute, angled. Scheff. Myrs. 29 ; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 49. M. floribunda, Scheff. Myrs. 18. M. Korthalsiana, Scheff.

Myrs. 18 (?)

‘ Pekak : Wray 2684 ; Scortechini 122, 1655 ; King’s Collector 725,

2722, 3777, 4968, 5326. — Disteib. Sumatra, Korthals, Beccari 887 ;

Borneo, de Vriese, Teysmami.

We have always found the flowers tetramerous, as described by Miquel and

Scheffer. Mez describes them as either 4- or 5-merous. This is a well-marked

species on account of its large terminal inflorescence, whose pubescent branches easily

distinguish it from those occasional forms of M. ramentacea, which have part of the

inflorescence pseudo-terminal.

2. MiESA eamentacea, Wall, in Roxb. FI. Itid. ed. Carey & Wall. II.

231 (1824). A large shrub or small tree, usually branched from the

base and sending out many straggling or climbing branches often

30 to 40 feet long or more ; branchlets smooth, somewhat striate when

dry. Leaves entire, chartaceous ; ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate

at apex, rounded or cordate at base ; 3 to 8 in. long, 1'5 to 4 in. broad ;

smooth on both surfaces and generally shining above ; midrib promi-

nent, often impressed above ; main-nerves slender', distant, 5 to 10 pairs,

starting at 45° with the midrib and curved upwards ; secondary nerves,

and reticulations not apparent : petiole ’3 to -5 in. long, slightly winged

by the decurrent margins of the blade, which are often connivent

above. Inflorescence axillary or sometimes pseudo-terminal, glabrous,

many-flowered, consisting of more or less closely packed racemes

arranged in bipinnate panicles, shorter or longer than the leaves ; pedi-

cels -1 to -15 in. long, slender, supported by a minute lanceolate bract

and with 2 very minute ovate-lanceolate braeteoles below the flower;

buds minute, globose, depressed at top. Calyx superior, cupular; tube

very short, about -025 in. long ; lobes 5, ovate, faintly ciliate, as long as

the tube. Corolla '075 in. long; lobes half the length, ovate or ovate-

reniform, edges undulate, with a few brown glandular lineoles. Stamens

short, longer in ? flowers, inserted a little below the top of the tube ;

anthers rounded, filaments as long as the anthers, dorsifixed. Ovary

in ? flowers adnate to the base of the calyx-tube, style short, stigma,

minutely 4-lobed, ovules many. Fruit globose, -1 to -15 in. long,

crowned with the persistent teeth of the calyx ; seeds minute, angled.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

albuminous, embryo small, transverse. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 133, Prod. VIII. 77 ; Scheff. Myrs. 15 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II.

1006 ; Ivurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 220 ; For. PI. II. 99 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 508 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 218 ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 27 ; Prain Beng. PI. 642. M. ovata, A. DC. l.c. 133,

t. 4, Prod. l.c. 77 ; Scheff. Myrs. 14. M. lanceolata, Don Prod.

148. M. acuminata, missionis, and glabra, DC. Prod. l.c. 77, 78, 82.

M. sumatrana, Scheff. Myrs. 15. Bceobotrys ramentacea, Boxb. Hort.

Beng. 16, FI. Ind. I. 558; Wall. Cat. 2322. B. ovata, Wall. Cat. 2324.

B. glabra, Boxb. PI. Ind. I. 560. B. fragrans, Wall. Cat. 2323. B. (?)

missionis, Wall. Cat. 6523.

Kedah : Langkawi, Curtis 2554, 3409. Penang : Wallich 2324 ;

Maingay (K.D.) 1001 ; J. Scott ; G. King ; Phillips ; Deschamps.

Perak : Scortechini 382a, 606b, 628 ; Wray 1286, 1291, 1912, 2363,

2787 ; King's Collector 171, 1222, 1909, 2788, 3883, 4144, 4281, 4497,

4915, 5088, 5113 ; Curtis. Pahang : Ridley 2175. Selangor : Ridley ;

Goodenough 10554. Negri Sembilan : Ridley 10067. Malacca :

Griffith (K.D.) 3552; Cuming 2286; Miller 9; Hervey; Goodenough 1036,

1742; Derry 37, 1063; Ridley 10099. Johore: Lake & Kelsall 4035 ;

G. King. Singapore : Schomburgk 91 ; Lobb 324 ; T. Anderson 126 ;

Ridley 2064, 2805 : Goodenough 1644 ; Hullett 38, 56, 885, 887. —

Distrib. Eastern Bengal and Burma, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,

Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

We follow Mez in not keeping up the var. ovata. The large mass of material

available shows clearly that in shape of leaf and in inflorescence the variation is

regular, and that the form with cordate long-acuminate leaves passes gradually into

that with ovate broad short-acuminate leaves, and that similarly the inflorescence

changes. A monstrous form with moss-like inflorescence similar to those often seen in

India on 31. Chisia and other species, is not uncommon.

3. MiESA impressinervis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A bush or small

tree ; branches half as thick as a goosequill, glabrous, pale brown, and

prominently longitudinally wrinkled when dry. Leaves thinly coria-

ceous ; elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; entire or

very faintly dentate only near the apex, margins recurved when dry,

reticulate and shining above, dull and paler beneath ; 3 to 3'5 in. long,

1'25 to 1'75 in. broad ; midrib prominent, impressed above ; main-nerves

7 or 8 pairs, also prominently impressed above and prominently raised

on the lower surface, arching upwards to meet near the margin ; secon-

dary nerves few, inconspicuous as are the reticulations ; petiole - 2 to

•25 in. long, bordered by the decurrent edges of the blade, which are

almost connivent above. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, simple or

with one short branch near the base, 1’5 to 2-5 in. long, and so shorter

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the leaves ; pedicels slender, -1 in. long, with a -06 in. long subulate

bract at the base and 2 similar bracteoles beneath the flower; buds

nearly globose. Calyx superior, -05 in. in depth, cupular, with 5 imbri-

cate broad incurved concave glabrous lobes. Corolla rotate with 5

imbricate rounded broad lobes, '1 in. deep ; tube rather longer than

lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the base of the corolla ; anthers

globular ; filaments flattened, longer than the anthers. Ovary inferior,

depressed, surmounted by a flattened lobed stigma, 1-celled ; ovules

many, cuneate, on a central basal placenta. Fruit unknown.

Perak : Gunong Bubu, at 5,000 feet elevation ; Wray 3850, 3886.

4. M.esa striata, Mez Monog. Myrs. 42 (1901). A shrub or small

tree ; branches smooth, reddish, with scattered lenticels. Leaves mem-

branous ; rather variable, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, rounded or acuminate

at apex, bluntly acute and sometimes unequal at base ; entire or un-

dulate or broadly dentate, especially on the upper half, pale green

when dry, glabrous except for a few occasional stiff hairs on the midrib

beneath, striate with many faint very slender lineoles ; 4 to 7 in. long,

2-5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib angular, prominent beneath, main-nerves

7 to 8 pairs, slender; secondary nerves and reticulations faint and

irregular; petiole slender, '4 to 1 in. long, channelled above. In-

florescence ol axillary racemes, simple or joined in a sub-sessile panicle,

rarely over 2 in. long ; pedicels very slender, '05 to - 1 in. long, with a

subulate bract at base, half their length, and 2 acute bracteoles under

the flower. Calyx superior, about - 1 in. deep; lobes 5, imbricate, mate,

rounded, about 4-striate, edges hyaline ; tube as long as lobes. Corolla

as long as calyx, rotate, '1 in. in depth ; lobes 5, imbricate, rounded,

crenate, glabrous. Stamens 5, inserted near the base of the corolla ;

anthers ovate, slightly divaricate ; filaments 2 to 3 times as long as

anthers. Ovary inferior, depressed, rounded ; style short cylindrical,

stigma 4-lobed ; ovules many, cuneate, on a central basal placenta.

Fruit round, -1 to -15 in. in diam., smooth, faintly ribbed, crowned

by the persistent calyx-lobes and style.

Penang : at Paya Trobong, Curtis 2857. Perak : King’s Collector

2287. — Distrib. Sumatra, Forbes 1260, 1287, 1315, 1376.

5. MiESA pahangiana, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub;

branches round, smooth, dark brown when dry. Leaves membranous ;

rhomboid-obovate, acuminate at the apex, rounded cuneate at base ;

faintly crenate especially in the upper half ; glabrous on both dull sur-

faces ; 7 to 8 in. long, 4 to 4-5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

beneath ; main-nerves distant, 8 to 9 pairs, at about half a right angle

with the midrib, sometimes branched ; secondary nerves few and like

the reticulations indistinct ; petiole slender, -8 to 1 in. long. Inflores-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cence a simple axillary raceme, as long as or slightly longer than the

petiole; pedicels slender, about -1 in. lohg, supported by a minute

subulate bract below and with two similar bracteoles below the flower.

Calyx superior, cupular, with a very short tube and 5 triangular

imbricate teeth -6 in. long, glabrous, hyaline at the edges and very

faintly brown-glandular. Corolla as long as calyx ; lobes 5 imbricate,

glabrous, rounded, somewhat crenate, with 2 to 3 prominent brown

glandular lineoles ; tube half the length. Stamens nearly as long as

corolla, inserted near its base ; filaments about twice as long as the

anthers ; anthers emarginate, cells somewhat divaricate. Fruit globose

with a conical tip surrounded by the remains of the corolla and the

persistent calyx, and surmounted by the short persistent style, ribbed,

•125 in. in diam., glabrous.

Pahang : at Tanjong Antan, Ridley 2175a.

Only one specimen is unfortunately available, and that in fruit, with only remains

of flowers.

6. M^isa indica, Wall, in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 230

(1824). A shrub reaching 4 to 6 feet in height ; branchlets brown, smooth,

lenticellate. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate,

rounded or acute at the base ; repand-dentate, about 3 teeth to each

main-nerve ; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib very prominent, often

broad ; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, others closely reticulate ; glandular

striae long, prominent ; petiole - 5 to 1 in. long, channelled above by the

decurrent bases of the blade. Inflorescence of simple or compound

axillary racemes, much shorter than the leaves, usually 1 to 3 in. long ;

pedicels slender, -05 to 1 in. long, longer in fruit ; bracts subulate, in

flower as long as pedicels; bracteoles 2, minute. Calyx superior, with

5 imbricate lobes, which are ovate, ciliate, striate, about -04 in. long,

almost acute or rounded at apex. Corolla as long as calyx ; lobes denti-

culate, glandular- striate; tube as long as lobes. Stamens inserted at base

of corolla-tube ; anthers ovate, cells divaricate ; filaments dorsifixed,

rather longer than anthers. Ovary rounded ; style short cylindric,

stigma obtuse; ovules many. Fruit round, smooth, striate, - 15 in.

long, crowned at the summit by the persistent calyx-lobes and the

remains of the stigma. Seeds angular. A. DO. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 134, Prod. VIII. 80 (in part)-, Wall. Cat. 2318 B. ; Clarke in

Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 509 (in part) ; Koord. & Val. Bijd. V. 222 ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 29. Bceobotrys indica , Roxb. Hort. Beng. 16, FI.

Ind. I. 557.

Perak: Wray 3314, 3349; Scortechini 16, 733; Ridley 3007,.

9741 ; King's Collector 7712. — Distrib. Burma, Java.

100

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2, Myksine, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or serrate, often thick, usually

pellucid-punctate. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, fascicled, axillary

or on very short branches, pedicels short with many imbricate bracts.

Calyx small, lobes 4 to 5 persistent. Corolla 4-5-lobed, the lobes

imbricate in bud, recurved in flower. Stamens 4 to 5 ; filaments short,

inserted at the base of the corolla-lobes ; anthers short, ovate ;

staminodes none. Ovary free, globose or ovoid ; style usually short,

cylindric or angular ; stigma capitate or 2-5-lobed ; ovules few or

many, immersed in the placenta. Fruit a small, dry or somewhat

fleshy, berry, 1-seeded. Seed solitary, globose, sessile, hollowed at

the base ; albumen pitted ; embryo elongate, cylindric or curved,

horizontal. — Distrib. Species about 80, chiefly tropical, a few in

Japan, extra-tropical Africa, Australia and New Zealand. All our

species belong to Mez’ genus Rapanea.

Arrested branches bearing the umbels very short, -1 in. long or

under : —

Leaf-nerves and reticulations obscure, leaves small, under 2-5 in.

Leaf-nerves and reticulations visible, leaves usually over 2-5 in : —

Leaves under 4 in. long, chartaceous, blackish when dry ;

pedicels short, - X in. long

Leaves over 4 in. long, coriaceous, reddish when dry ; pedicels

over '15 in. long

Arrested branches bearing the umbels '3 in. long or more : —

Leaves rounded at apex ; berry -2 in. in diam.

Leaves emarginate at apex ; berry 3 in. in diam. . .

1. M. avenis.

2. M. Porteriana.

3. M. peralcensis.

4. M. Wrayi.

5. M. umbellulata.

1. Myrsine avenis, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 107 (1834).

A small tree ; branches pale, rounded ; branchlets wrinkled when dry,

faintly ferruginous-tomentose, leaf-buds long acuminate. Leaves

entire, chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, acutely

narrowed at base, glabrous, marked with resinous often very con-

spicuous lineoles and dots along the margin especially near the apex,

margins usually recurved; 1 to 2-5 in. long, -5 to '75 in. broad; mid-

rib prominent, impressed above ; main-nerves very obscure as are the

reticulations; petiole - 2 in. long, slender, edged with the ciliate margins

of the decurrent blade. Floivers in compact sessile 2-5-flowered

umbels on very short thick arrested branches ; bracts oblong

acute; pedicels about - 1 in. long, angular; flower-buds ovate, flowers

5-merous. Calyx-lobes triangular, acute, ciliate, with few round

glandular dots ; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes imbricate, elliptic,

pubescent on the margins, sparsely round-gland-dotted, connate for

about one-third of their length. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers

101

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ovate, apiculate, pubescent at tip ; filaments and lower part of anthers

attached about half-way up the corolla-lobes. Ovary rounded, conical ;

style short in $ , oblique and with long channelled stigma in $ .

Berry globose, - 1 in. in diam., glandular, smooth, tipped with the

persistent style. DC. Prod. VIII. 96 ; Miq. PI. Jungh. 189, and FI.

Ind. Bat. II. 1015 ; Scheff. Myrs. 47 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 234.

Myrsine capitellata, Wall. var. avenis Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III.

512 {in part)', Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IV. 199. Ardisia avenis,

Blume Bijdr. 691. Bapanea avenis, Mez Monog. Myrs. 357.

Singapore : Ridley 253. — Distrib. Java, Celebes, Borneo.

2. Myrsine Porteriana, Wall. Cat. 6525 (1829). A shrub or small

tree ; branches grey, rough ; branchlets slender, angled when dry, leaf-

buds lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous, entire ; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly

acute and slightly emarginate at apex, cuneately narrowed at base,

glabrous, glandular dotted, especially along the margin, and often

glandular-lineolate, black or greyish when dry ; 1-5 to 3'5 in. long,

■75 to 1-25 in. broad ; midrib prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-

nerves 8 to 12 pairs, the lowest pair running parallel to the midrib

and there joined by the rest, not always easily seen ; secondary nerves

few, slender, reticulations minute ; petiole slender, -2 to -4 in. long,

channelled above by the decurrent and almost connivent, slightly

fimbriate, edges of the blade. Flowers in compact sessile umbels on

the summit of a short thick cone-like bracteate arrested branch about

•1 to -3 in. long ; bracts ovate, bracteoles oblong, blunt, ciliate ; pedicels

angled - 1 in. long ; flower-buds ovate, flowers greenish-white, usually

dioecious, 5-merous. Calyx-lobes ovate acute, '05 in. long, ciliate,

marked with prominent dark round or lineolate glands ; tube as long as

lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong obtuse, - 1 to "15 in. long, minutely pubescent

on the margins, marked by prominent dark rounded and lineolate glands,

connate to one-fourth of their length, revolute in flower. Stamens

inserted on the corolla, the filaments and lower half of the anthers

■adnate with it, those of $ flowers ovate apiculate, those of ? flowers

sagittate; in open flowers exsert, longer than the revolute lobes. Ovary

ovoid, glabrous, <? flowers with a short straight style, ? flowers with an

oblique style and oblique folded stigma. Berry globose, glabrous,

T in. in diam., dark blue when fresh, pale when dry, striate from

■the elongated vertical glands. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 106,

Prod. VIII. 95. M. capitellata var. avenis, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind.

III. 512 {in part). Bapanea Porteriana, Mez Monog. Myrs. 358.

Penang : Porter in Wallich 6525 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1005 ; Curtis

1013, 3728, on Government Hill, road to Crag. Perak: Bidley 2992;

Wray 678, 1537 ; King's Collector 5001, usually at 5,000 feet eleva-

102

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tion. Pahang : Ridley 1669a. Selangor : Ridley 8208. Malacca :

Griffith (K.D.) 3543 ; Ridley 10076, on Mount Ophir.

3. Myksine perakensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree ; branchlets

thick, smooth, wrinkled when dry, terminal leaf-buds lanceolate. Leaves

entire, coriaceous ; oblong, bluntly acute at apex, narrowed at the base,

glabrous, shining above, margins recurved, glandular dots many, in-

conspicuous ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1'5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib thick, very

prominent ; main-nerves 20 to 26 pairs, prominent above, at about two-

thirds of a right angle with the midrib, parallel at first, arching afterwards

to meet near the margin ; secondary nerves similar but more slender,

reticulations prominent; petiole '3 in. long, very thick, winged by the de-

current margins of the blade. Flowers in compact sessile umbels on the

summit of a thick, cone-like, bracteate, arrested branch about 1 in. long,

in the axils of the leaves or below them on the current year’s wood,

so forming a thick cluster below the terminal leaves : umbels 5-8-

fiowered, pedicels "15 to '2 in. long, thick and angular when dry , bracts

ovate, scaly, sometimes ciliate. Calyx-lobes ovate acute, glandular-

ciliate, about '05 in. long, cilice jointed. Corolla and Stamens unknown.

Rerry globose, sometimes conical at top, '1 to '15 in. in diam., pericarp

pale brown when dry, striate with obscure oblong glands.

Perak : Wray 3856 ; Scortechini, 766, at 5,000 feet elevation.

4. Myrsine Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets

stout, striate when dry. Leaves entire, coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong,

rounded at the apex, narrowly cuneate at base ; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to

1'75 in. broad, glabrous; midrib slender; main-nerves very obscure, about

12 pairs, meeting in an intramarginal nerve near the edge, reticulations

many, somewhat raised beneath when dry ; petiole '5 to '7 in. long,

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, wrinkled at the

base. Flowers in peduncled axillary few-rayed umbels ; bracteoles

minute, triangular ; peduncles '3 to '5 in. long ; rays of umbel 3 to 4,

pedicels about '35 in. long, clavately thickened above. Calyx-lobes

triangular-ovate, glandular-ciliate, acute, "05 in. long. Corolla and

Stamens unknown. Fruit round, '2 in. in diam., crowned by the

persistent base of the style ; pericarp rugosely striate.

Perak : Wray 232, at 4,500 feet.

5. Myrsine umbellulata, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 135

(1834). A small tree; branchlets thick, glabrous, reddish-brown Leaves

entire, coriaceous ; elliptic-obovate, obtuse and emarginate at apex,

acute at the base ; glabrous above, rusty beneath, black glandular dots

frequent, margins often recurved ; 2 to 3'5 in. long, '75 to 1'25 in.

broad ; midrib prominent, slender ; main-nerves inconspicuous, slender,

raised on upper surface, depressed on lower, reticulations obscure ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 1 03

petiole '3 to -5 in. long, rugose, bordered above by the decurrent margins

of the blade. Flowers in axillary scattered umbels on thick cone-like

bracteate. arrested branches, about '15 in. long; pedicels very slender,

•3 to -4 in. long, glabrous. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, very shortly cilio-

late, minute, recurved in fruit. Corolla and Stamens unknown. Berry

globose, '3 in. in diam., smooth, pale when dry, crowned with the per-

sistent style. A. DO. Prod. VIII. 95; Miq. El. Ind. Bat. II. 1014.

M. capitellata, var. avenis, Clarke in Hook. f. El. Br. Ind. III. 512

(in part). Embclia umbellulata, Wall. Cat. 2312. Bapanea ximbelhi-

lata, Mez Monog. Myrs. 362.

Singapore : Wallich 2312. — Distrib. Sumatra, Borneo.

3. Embelia, Burm.

Small trees or shrubs, usually climbing, often extensively. Leaves

alternate, entire, dentate or serrulate, usually glandular, petiole often

margined. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, simple or paniculate,

white or pink, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx free, 4-5-

lobed, persistent, the lobes rounded or ovate. Corolla 4-5-lobed, the

lobes imbricate or contorted, tube none or short. Stamens 4 to 5 ;

filaments short or elongate, inserted on the corolla ; anthers ovate-

oblong, obtuse or acute ; staminodes none. Ovary ovoid, globose or

conical ; style short ; stigma capitate ; ovules few, inserted on a sub-

globose placenta. Fruit a small drupe, globose, 1-seeded, crowned by

the persistent style. Seed ovoid, hollowed at the base, albumen pitted,

embryo transverse, curved. — Distrib. About 60 species, in the tropical

regions of the Old World.

Inflorescence terminal or terminal and axillary, paniculate : —

Petals free (Sect. I. Euembislia) : —

Leaves membranous or chartaceous : —

Main-nerves of leaves slender, not prominent : —

Petals sparingly villous, anthers with a cluster of black

warts behind

Petals densely villous, anthers with only small glandular

warts behind

Leaves elliptic, 1-5 to 2 in. broad, shortly acuminate. .

Leaves oblong, '75 in. broad, long but obtusely acuminate

Main-nerves of leaves prominent : —

Branches slender, leaves lanceolate acuminate, flowers

densely villous

Branches stout, leaves suddenly acuminate, flowers

glabrous or slightly pubescent only

Leaves coriaceous : —

Panicles long, leaves moderately thick : —

Leaves acute or cuneate at base, main-nerves conspicuous,

bracteoles as long as the pedicels

1. E. Ribes.

2. E. canescens.

3. jE. dasythyrsa.

4. E. Scortechinii.

5. E. penangiana.

6. E. pergamacea -

104

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves rounded or cordate at base, main-nerves very pro-

minent, bracteoles shorter than the pedicels

Panicles short, stout, leaves very thick

Petals joined at the base into a tube (Sect. II. Grenacheria) :

Leaves rusty- villous beneath, bracts of the inflorescence

short, inconspicuous

Leaves pubescent or nearly glabrous beneath, bracts of the

inflorescence long, often leafy, conspicuous

Inflorescence axillary : —

Inflorescence paniculate, axillary, 1 to 2 in. long (Sect. III.

Pattara)

Inflorescence much shorter than the leaves, on very short

racemose branchlets with many bracts (Sect. IV. Micrem-

belia) : —

Flowers tetramerous, leaves coriaceous

Flowers pentamerous, leaves chartaceous

Species imperfectly known: 14. E. lucida. 15. E. macrocarjia.

1. Embelia Ribes, Burm. El. Ind. 62. t. 23 (1768). An evergreen

climbing shrub ; branches pale brown, with thick bark studded with

conical protuberances ; branchlets pale brown, smooth, lenticellate.

Leaves entire, chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acu-

minate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous above, glabrous or minutely

pubescent beneath, glandular dots scattered, sometimes obscure; margin

generally recurved ; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1'5 in. broad ; midrib slender,

prominent below, generally impressed above ; main-nerves obscure,

irregular, slender, 12 to 14 pairs, parallel at first then curved upwards

to join near the margin ; secondary nerves many faint, reticulations

very obscure; petiole '3 to "5 in. long, bordered by the crisped edges

of the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a large terminal leafy 3-pinnate

grey- or rusty-pubescent panicle of racemes, the branches at first turning

upwards, afterwards nearly at right angles with the rachis ; bracts

leafy, smaller by degrees upwards ; bracteoles subulate, shorter than the

slender pedicels, '05 in. long; buds small, globose; flowers white. Calyx-

lobes very minute, about '025 in. long, triangular-acute, ciliate, with few

glandular dots ; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes free, elliptic, rounded

at top in 2 , more acute in , ’05 in. long, ciliate, sparingly villous-

pubescent, apex incurved, with few prominent glandular dots. Stamens

inserted on the corolla-lobes, about half-way up in $ , lower down in 2 ,

shorter than the lobes ; anthers short, $ with parallel, 2 with divaricate,

cells, both with a long black mass of glandular warts behind at the

insertion of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style short,

stigma capitate in $ , peltate and larger in 2 ■ Berry globose or some-

times pyriform, red or black, glabrous, succulent, wrinkled when dry,

aromatic, - 1 to ’15 in. in. diam., crowned with the persistent style and

7. E. coriacea.

8. E. angulosa.

9. E. Lampani.

10. E. amentacea.

11. E. Ridleyi.

12. E. Myrtillus.

13. E. parvijlora.

105

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stigma. Betz. Obs. iv. 24 ; Lamk. 111. t. 133 ; Eoxb. PI. Ind. i. 586 ;

Wall. Cat. 2304 ; A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 129, Prod. VIII. 85

(part) ; Scheff. Myrs. 38 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 1011 ; Dalz. & Gibs.

Bomb. PL 137 ; Brandis Por. PI. 284 ; Kurz Por. FI. II. 101 ; Clarke in

Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. II. 513 ; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 69; Cooke Bomb. FI.

II. 84 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 303 ; Prain Beng. Pl. 643. E. Burmannii,

Eetz Obs. IV. 23. E. garcinicefolia, Wall. Cat. 2304c and e ; Miq. l.c.

1011 ; Scheff. Myrs. 40. E. sumatrana, Miq. l.c. 1012. E. glanduli-

fera, Wight Ic. 1207 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 137. Samara Bibes,

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 222. Ardisia tenuiflora, Bl.

Bijdr. 687.

Penang : Deschamps, Curtis. Perak : Wray 420 ; Scortechini ;

King’s Collector 928, 1150, 6999 (abnormal state, most of the flowers

converted into leafy bracts). Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3550; Maingay

(K.D.) 1002 ; Cuming 2320. Johore : Native Collector 3749. Singapore :

Ridley 10643, 2803 (fruits converted into insect galls) ; Kurz 2965. —

Distrib. India, Burma and Ceylon ; Malay Islands and eastwards to

South China.

Var. rugosa, King & Gamble. Branchlets dark brown, much

wrinkled and with oblong lenticels. Leaves 4 to 5 in. long, 1'5 to

2 in. broad, usually thicker than the type. Racemes less pubescent

than in type, the flowers often collected near the ends of the ultimate

branches of the inflorescence. Stamens of $ flowers exsert. Stigma

of ? much larger than that of S flowers, peltate. Berry rugose,

conically tipped ; pericarp thick, fleshy, with cavities.

Perak : Wray 2278, 2576, 3069 ; King's Collector 2512, 3001, 4040.

Singapore : Ridley 10384.

We find no Malay specimens with the large glandular pits so well marked in

South Indian specimens (Embelia glandulifera, Wight Ic. 1207). Wight’s figure is

not well drawn in several respects, and especially as to the nervation of the leaves, so

it is not very easy to make sure about it, but there seems no reason to separate

E. glandulifera from E. Ribee unless perhaps as a variety. It has usually a much

shorter and fewer-flowered inflorescence.

2. Embelia canescens, Jack; Wall, in Eoxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 292 (1824). A climbing shrub with slender, villous, sub-

flexuose branches. Leaves entire, chartaceo-membranous ; elliptic,

shortly acuminate at apex, rounded or sub-cordate at base, glabrous or

slightly pubescent and shining above, canescent beneath ; glandular

dots many, not prominent, in the areoles of the reticulations; 2 to 3'5

in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib prominent, impressed above, villous

beneath ; main-nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curving upwards to join

at some distance from the margin ; secondary nerves many, slender,

106

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

reticulations irregular ; petiole '3 to '4 in. long, bordered above by the

prominently crispate edges of the decurrent blade, rugose beneath-

Inflorescence a slender terminal 3-pinnate leafy panicle of distant com-

paratively few-flowered racemes, 4 to 8 in. long; rachis and its branches

densely rusty-villous ; bracts leafy below, spathulate above, bracteoles

subulate, deciduous, about half as long as the ’05 to -1 in. long pedicels

which are longer in fruit ; buds very minute, globose. Calyx-lobes very

small, triangular, pubescent; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong,

free, blunt, '06 in. long, densely villous without, papillose within and

glandular-dotted. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes, inserted near

their base ; anthers rounded, warted with inconspicuous glands behind

at the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary in $ flower rudi-

mentary. Berry globose, somewhat conical above, rugose when dry,

crowned with the remains of the persistent style, '2 in. in diam.

Wall. Cat. 2311 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 85 ; Scheff. Myrs. 42 ; Miq. PL Ind.

Bat. II. 1012 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 514 ; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 305.

Penang: Jack; Porter. Peeak : Ridley 7172 {part). Malacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 1004. Singapobe : Goodenough 2804 ; Hullett 115.

3. Embelia dasythybsa, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573 (1862). A

slender climbing shrub ; branches minutely pubescent, striate, with pro-

minent raised lenticels ; branchlets dark, slender, rusty-villous. Leaves

entire, chartaceous; oblong or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminate at

apex, rounded at base ; glabrous above, glabrous except on the midrib

beneath, glandular dots scattered, obscure ; l - 5 to 2 in. long, about

■75 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath, villous, impressed above, main-

nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular, arching upwards to meet near the

margin ; secondary nerves few, slender, reticulations obscure ; petiole

•1 to - 2 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence a long, 3-pinnate, leafy

panicle of long slender many-flowered racemes, rachises minutely

pubescent ; bracts leafy, bracteoles subulate, minute, much shorter than

the - 1 in. long very slender pedicels ; buds globose shaggy, flowers grey.

Calyx-lobes minute, about -03 in. long, triangular, ciliate ; tube shorter

than lobes. Corolla-lobes free, ovate-spathulate, about -06 in. long, black-

gland-dotted, densely covered with short moniliform hairs. Stamens

less than half the length of the corolla-lobes, inserted at the base ;

anthers reniform, with inconspicuous glandular warts on the back at

the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments, which are almost shorter than

the anthers. Ovary ovoid, style very short, stigma in g small capitate,

in J peltate, large. Berry red or black, -15 in. in diam., globose or

slightly pyriform, wrinkled when dry, tipped by the persistent style and

stigma. Scheff. Myrs. 42 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 305.

107

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak: Wray 1924; Scortechini 498; King's Collector 776, 4103,

4375, 5102, 5762, 6640, 8583, 10024, 10701, clinging to trees in dense

jungle at low levels. Selangor : Ridley 7572. Singapore : Hullett

118. — Distrib. Bangka, Teysmann Hort. Bogor. No. 3189, atDjeboes.

Only one very poor specimen of the type (Teysmann’s) is available, but from an

examination of it and from Miquel’s description it seems to be right to refer the

Peninsular plant, which we had considered new, to this species.

4. Embelia Scortechinii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing

shrub (?) ; branches slender ; ultimate branchlets reddish, rusty-villous.

Leaves entire, chartaceous ; elliptic-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex,

narrowed at base ; glabrous above, grey-pubescent on the nerves beneath

and with minute white scales, glandular dots obscure ; 4 to 5 in. long,

1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib very prominent, impressed above; main-nerves

about 8 pairs, prominent, slender, curving upwards to and along the

margin ; reticulations many, prominent on the upper surface ; petiole

•2 in. long, pubescent. Inflorescence of slender rusty-villous panicles of

long racemes, the panicles 7 to 10 in. long, racemes 3 to 6 in. ; rachis

hirsute, somewhat angular ; bracts deciduous, bracteoles very minute,

subulate ; buds very small, globose. Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, very

minute, the edges ciliate with long moniliform hairs, tube very short.

Corolla-lobes oblong, acute, '05 in. long, shaggy with long moniliform

hairs. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate, cordate,

with two prominent papillose warts behind at the insertion of the dorsi-

fixed very short filaments. Ovary ovoid, style conical. Berry not known.

Perak : Scortechini.

This interesting species is characterised by the abundant moniliform hairs on the

flowers, longer and more conspicuous than in other species.

5. Embelia penangiana, Mez Monog. Myrs. 311 (1901). A climbing

shrub, stem reaching about 1 in. in diam. ; branches stout ; ultimate

branchlets red, striate, lentieellate. Leaves entire, chartaceous ; elliptic,

shortly acuminate at apex, narrowly cuneate at base ; glabrous, not gland-

dotted; 3-5 to 4-5 in. long, 1'5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed

above ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular, slender, at about two-thirds

of a right angle with the midrib at first then arching upwards to join

near the margin ; secondary nerves similar but less prominent, reticula-

tions many ; petiole '5 in. long, slender, edged by the crispate decurrent

margins of the blade which are often connivent above. Inflorescence a

terminal 3-pinnate leafy panicle, 6 to 9 in. long, of slender racemes ;

rachis slightly pubescent, main branches at about half a right angle

with rachis ; peduncles about 1 in. long, upper branches and branchlets

usually at right angles ; bracts lanceolate spathulate, leafy, deciduous ;

108

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bracteoles subulate, as long as or rather longer than the very short,

under -05 in. long pedicels ; buds very small, globose, flowers red. Calyx-

lobes orbicular, glandular-ciliate, ’05 in. long, connate to the middle, not

gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes 5, free, ovate, rounded at apex, -075 to - 1 in.

long, slightly pubescent without, papillose within, not gland-dotted.

Stamens of $ flowers equal to or longer than the corolla-lobes, of ?

flowers shorter than them, inserted near the base of the lobes ; anthers

oblong, emarginate, with minute black warts behind at the insertion of

the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style very short, stigma

peltate. Berry globose, red, tuberculate and corrugate, ‘1 in. in diam.,

fruiting pedicels as long as berry. Embelia Bibes var. penangiana,

Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1597.

Penang : Curtis 306. Perak : Wray 1375, 1409 ; Scortechini ;

King’s Collector 3637, 10739.

A well-marked species, distinguished by the fairly prominent nerves of the leaves,

the very short pedicels, and the absence of glandular dots.

6. Embelia peegamacea, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 85 (1844). A slender

climbing shrub ; branches rather thick, branchlets wrinkled and angular

when dry. Leaves entire, coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at

apex, cuneate or acute at base ; glabrous, shining above, pale beneath,

margins recurved, glandular dots many, hardly prominent ; 3 to 5 in.

long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad, midrib thick, impressed above ; main-nerves

slender 12 to 14 pairs, parallel but irregular, raised and conspicuous on

the upper surface, leaving the midrib at about two-thirds of a right angle

and joining near the edge in an intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves

many, parallel to the main-nerves, reticulations obscure ; petiole '3 in.

long, angular, channelled above when dry by the crispate edges of the

decurrent blade. Inflorescence a large terminal, pyramidal, 4-pinnate,

nearly glabrous, leafy panicle with racemose branchlets and very

numerous flowers ; main raehis thick, flattened above, branches nearly

at right angles to raehis as again are the branchlets, all angular ; bracts

ovate spathulate, leafy, bracteoles subulate acuminate as long as the

pedicels ; pedicels '05 in. long, somewhat longer in fruit ; buds very

small, globose, flowers light red. Calyx-lobes minute, about -04 in.

long, broadly triangular, acute, glandular-ciliate, papillose on both

sides, dotted with few large and small brown and black glands, tube as

long as lobes. Corolla-lobes free, ovate-oblong, glandular-ciliate, glabrous

without, papillose within, dotted in upper part only, -07 in. long.

Stamens as long as or shorter than corolla-lobes, inserted half-way up ;

anthers ovate cordate, emarginate, black-warted behind at the insertion

of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary glabrous, ovoid ; style thick very

109

Flora of tlic, Malayan Peninsula.

short ; stigma capitate. Berry globose, blue when ripe, wrinkled when

dry, -06 in. in diam., crowned with the persistent style, gland-dotted.

Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1012 ; Scheff. Myrs. 34 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 310.

Ardisia pergamacea, Bl. fide A. DO.

Perak : Curtis 2029 ; Wray 2001 ; King’s Collector 3658, 4678,

6412. — Distrib. Java ; Borneo.

This species closely resembles E. coriaeea, but differs in the acuminate leaves, very

shining above and prominently nerved ; in the papillose ealyx-lobes, petals dotted only

in the upper part and braeteoles as long as the pedicels.

7. Embelia coriacea, Wall. Cat. 2314 (1829). A climbing shrub;

branches reaching 1-5 in. in diam. ; branehlets reddish, twisted, somewhat

angular, roughly lenticellate. Leaves entire, coriaceous ; oblong or

oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acute at apex, rounded or almost cordate or

auricled at base ; glabrous, more or less shining above, brownish beneath,

glandular dots scattered, not prominent, margin sometimes incurved ;

3 to 10 in. long, 1-5 to 4 in. broad ; midrib thick, impressed above ;

main-nerves many, slender, not prominent, irregularly parallel, at about

two-thirds of a right angle with the midrib, joining in an intramarginal

faint nerve ; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations faint ; petiole

thick, -3 to -7 in. long, channelled when dry by the crispate edges of the

decurrent blade. Inflorescence a large terminal 4-pinnate spreading

leafy rusty-pubescent panicle with racemose branehlets and very

numerous flowers ; main rachis thick, somewhat flattened, branches

nearly at right angles to rachis as again are the branehlets ; bracts

leafy, decreasing upwards ; braeteoles minute, subulate, about half the

length of the pedicels ; pedicels '05 in. long ; buds very small, globose,

flowers grey. Calyx-lobes 5, minute, triangular, glabrous, dotted with

very few (3 to 5 per lobe) brown or black glands ; tube as long as lobes.

Corolla-lobes free, 4-5, ovate, blunt, recurved, glabrous without, slightly

papillose within, gland-dotted all over. Sta?nens shorter than the

corolla-lobes, inserted on them about half-way up ; anther-cells oblong,

somewhat divaricate, with about 4 black warts behind at the insertion

of the short filaments. Ovary ovoid, style very short, stigma capitellate.

Berry globose, smooth, - 075 to - 1 in. in diam., pale, prominently

gland-dotted, wrinkled when dry, crowned with the persistent base of

the style. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 135, Prod. VIII. 87 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 513 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 313. E.

oblongata, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573 ; Scheff. Myrs. 34. E. macro-

phylla, Bl. ; Scheff. Myrs. 36.

Penang : Wallich 2314 ; Curtis 1047. Perak : Curtis 1307 ; Derry

11712; Wray 2001,2579,3238; Scortechini 117, 255; King’s Collec-

110

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tor 2278, 3481, 4976, 5056, 5254, 5323, 6231, 6766, 7857, 10015, 10543.

Pahang : Ridley 5828. Selangor : Ridley 7562. Malacca : Maingay

(K.D.) 1018 ; Ridley 11135. Singapobe : Ridley 2812.— Distrib.

Sumatra ; Java ; Borneo, Beccari 767, 878, 1189, 2561, 3922 ; Haviland

& Hose 3469.

8. Embelia angulosa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ;

branches thick, branchlets wrinkled when dry, lenticels few. Leaves

entire, coriaceous ; ovate, obtuse, emarginate, glabrous, shining above,

dull beneath, glandular dots pitted on both surfaces ; 2 to 3 5 in. long,

1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib very thick and prominent, impressed above ;

main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, slender, irregular, leaving the midrib at

nearly a right angle, then curved and joining near the margin, raised

on upper surface; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations obscure ,

petiole - 2 in. long, channelled above and bordered by the crispate edges

of the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a dense terminal glabrous still

panicle about 4 in. long and broad, of racemes, the rachises sharply

angled ; bracts leaf-like, spathulate, bracteoles very small, subulate ;

pedicels -05 in. long, thick, angular, glabrous or minutely pubescent,

equal to or shorter than the bracteoles ; buds globose. Calyx-lobes ovate,

ciliate, minute, '03 in. long, not gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes free, ovate,

acute, '075 in. long, nearly glabrous outside, papillose within. Stamens

shorter than corolla-lobes, inserted one-third up, reniform, with incon-

spicuous black dots at the insertion of the short dorsifixed filaments.

Ovary ovoid glabrous ; style very short ; stigma peltate. Berry red,

ovoid, somewhat pyriform, ribbed and gland-dotted, glabrous, crowned

with the remains of a cylindric style and capitate stigma. E. coriacea,

Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. ii. IV. 200 ( not of A. DC.)

Perak : Wray 1524 — on Ulu Batang Padang at nearly 5,000 ft.

Distrib. Borneo, Haviland No. 1152, on Mt. Kinabalu at 7,600 to

8,800 feet.

The description of the flowers is taken from Haviland’s Borneo specimen, the rest

from Wray’s.

9. Embelia Lampani, Scheff. Myrs. 37 (1867). A slender climbing

shrub, clinging to trees; branches reddish-brown, rough with strigose

hairs, lenticellate ; branchlets rusty- villous-hairy. Leaves chartaceous ;

oblong, obtuse or emarginate at apex, rounded or cordate at base ;

margins recurved, upper surface glabrous except on the midrib, lower

surface rusty-villous, glandular dots many, scattered ; 1'5 to 3'5 in. long,

1 to 1'5 in. broad ; midrib impressed above, prominent below, villous on

both sides ; main-nerves many (up to 24 pairs), irregular, at about two-

thirds of a right angle with the midrib, straight at first then curving

Ill

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

upwards to meet in a nerve more or less parallel to the margin ; secondary

nerves similar, reticulations many ; petiole -1 to -2 in long, rusty- villous.

Inflorescence of terminal panicles of pedunculate racemes 6 to 12 in.

long, the branches often leafy, rachis and peduncles all rusty-villous ;

peduncles -5 to '7 in. long, pedicels slender, about -05 in. long ; bracts

few, leaf-like ; bracteoles rather longer than the pedicels, lanceolate to

spathulate ; flowers small, buds globose, petals white, striate, tube red.

Calyx-lobes 5-6, ovate, acute, ciliate on the edges, villous, dotted with

few glands ; tube as long as lobes, both together "05 in. long, longer in

fruit. Corolla gamopetalous from one-third to one-half of its length ;

lobes oblong, obtuse, recurved, -1 in. long, sparsely gland-dotted. Stamens

as long as or a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, inserted about half-

way up, anthers oblong, dehiscing longitudinally, the back with black

conspicuous glandular warts; filaments adnate to the corolla below

point of insertion, slender, dorsifixed. Ovary rounded, glabrous, style

cylindric, stigma peltate in $ , slightly lobed in $ . Berry globose,

•1 to - 15 in. in diam., black when dry, crowned with the persistent

style, rugosely glandular. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 514.

E. villosa, Wall. Cat. 2313 (in part). Grenacheria Wallichiana, Mez

Monog. Myrs. 293, fig. 49. G. Lampani, Mez l.c. 294.

Penang : Curtis 305 ; G. King. Perak : Wray 95, 2784 ; Scortechini

231 ; King’s Collector 2483, 4210, 6849, 8134. Selangor : Ridley 10224.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1003. Singapore : Ridley 10417. — Distrib.

Sumatra, Korthals ; Borneo, Haviland & Hose.

Haviland and Hose’s Borneo specimens have rather larger flowers than, and

pedicels about twice as long as, those from the Peninsula (No. 2280).

10. Embelia amentacea, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 514

(1882). A slender climbing shrub ; branches pale brown, velvety; branch-

lets cinnamomeous or rusty-villous. Leaves chartaceous; oblong or

obovate-oblong, obtuse and sometimes emarginate at apex, rounded at

base ; upper surface sparsely pilose, under surface pubescent, pale bluish-

green, glandular dots many prominent ; 2 to 3 in. long, -75 to -1 in. broad;

midrib impressed above, prominent below, villous on both sides; main-

nerves few, 6 to 10 pairs, irregular, at about two-thirds of a right angle

with the midrib, arching upwards, branching and joining in a nerve near

the margin ; secondary nerves similar but more slender, reticulations not

prominent; petiole - 15 in. long, villous, winged by the decurrent base of

the blade. Inflorescence of terminal panicles of pedunculate racemes,

the branches leafy, the leaves passing gradually into oblong or spathu-

late conspicuous bracts ; peduncles 1 to 1-5 in. long, enlarged at base ;

pedicels - 1 in. long, supported by linear subulate bracteoles twice their

112 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

length, so that when in bud the racemes have the appearance of

catkins; flowers very small, buds globose. Galyx-lohes 5, acute, ciliate

on the edges, gland-dotted, tube as long as lobes, both together -05 in.

long. Corolla very shortly gamopetalous ; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, glabi ous

within, -05 in. long. Stamens very short, shorter than corolla-lobes,

inserted about half-way up; anthers oblong, rounded, with black

papillose warts on the back; filaments as long as anthers, doisifixed.

Ovary rounded, glabrous, conical above, style slender, stigma peltate.

Berry globose, wrinkled when dry, '1 to '125 in. in diam., crowned

with the persistent style and stigma, black when dry. Grenacheria

amentacea, Mez Monog'. Myrs. 294.

Perak : Scortechiivi 802 ; Ridley 7172 (part) ; King s Collector 50 oo,

6280, 6817, 8692 — in open ground and in bamboo forests. Selangor :

Ridley 7561, Native Collector 2802a, Goodenough 10555. Malacca :

Griffith (K.D.) 3548.

Mez suggests that this may be a young state of Grenacheria Wallichiana. He

apparently saw only Griffith’s specimen. The abundant material now available clearly

shows that Clarke correctly considered it as separate. The curious eatkin-like young

inflorescence and the more sparse leaf-venation distinguish it.

11. Embelia Ridleyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing (?)

shrub ; branchlets light brown, wrinkled. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong,

acute at apex, rounded at base ; glabrous, glandular dots scattered

obscure, margin somewhat recurved ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1‘5 to 3 in. broad ,

midrib thick, prominent below; main-nerves prominent below, about 12

pairs, curving upwards and meeting in a looped intramarginal nerve ,

secondary nerves and reticulations faint ; petiole ’5 in. long, thick.

Inflorescence an axillary panicle of racemes, the branches curved, distant ;

rachis -5 to 1 in. long, that of racemes shorter, bracteoles minute,

triangular ; racemes about '5 in. long. Calyx-lohes 4 or 5, ovate, gland-

dotted, very small. Corolla and rest not seen.

Singapore : Ridley 6324. It seems to come near to E . florihunda,

Wall.

E. Tsjeriam- Cottarn, A. DC. is quoted by Mez as extending from India southwards

to Singapore, but we have seen no specimens from our region.

12. Embelia Myrtillus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. ii. 67

(1871), and For. FI. II. 104. A small climbing shrub (Wray) ; branches

rough, somewhat corky, with large lenticels ; ultimate branchlets densely

rusty- villous. Leaves coriaceous ; bifarious, broadly elliptic to almost

orbicular, acute at apex with usually 3 terminal teeth, narrowed truncate

or cordate at base ; glabrous above, slightly villous on nerves beneath ;

glandular dots black, numerous, small, fewer large, scattered, especially

113

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

near the apex and along the margin, which is often recurved ; -4 to - 7 in.

long, -3 to '6 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 6 pairs, arched

upwards and joining in an intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves similar,

reticulations prominent; petiole - 1 in. long, villous. Flowers tetramerous,

very small, in umbels or very short racemes on short axillary arrested

branches, - 1 to ‘15 in. long, shorter than the leaves ; bracts minute, sub-

ulate. Calyx-lobes ovate, glandular ciliate, densely papillose within, '05 in.

long, tube very short. Corolla-lobes free, oblong, rounded at apex, -1 in.

long, glandular-ciliate on the edges, conspicuously marked with black,

oblong or linear glands. Stamens longer than the corolla-lobes in 3

flowers, shorter in 2 ; anthers oblong, often cordate, with conspicuous

warts at the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments which spring from

the base of the petals. Ovary ovoid ; style slender ; stigma capitate,

4-cleft. Berry globose, red or black, - 15 to - 2 in. in. diam., promi-

nently gland-dotted, tipped with the persistent style and stigma.

Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 516; Mez Monog. Myrs. 322.

Myrsine Myrtillus, Hook. Ic. PL t. 825. Samara Myrtillus, Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLYI. ii. 223.

Perak: Scortechini 762; Wray 1565, 3818, on Gunong Bubu

and Gunong Brumber, at 5,000 to 7,000 feet. Malacca : summit of

Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3542; Lobb ; Ridley. — Distrib. Burma,

Griffith.

13. Embelia parviflora, Wall. Cat. 2307 (1829). A slender climbing

shrub reaching 60 feet in length ; branches and branchlets densely rusty-

villous, slender. Leaves chartaceous ; distichous, ovate, obtusely acute

at the apex, truncate at base ; glabrous except on the midrib beneath ;

margin slightly recurved ; glandular dots many, prominent, scattered,

more numerous towards the apex ; - 7 to l - 5 in. long, -5 to ‘75 in. broad ;

midrib prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 8 to 10

pairs, slender, curving upwards towards the margin ; secondary nerves

slender, many, reticulations prominent ; petiole scarcely - 05 in. long,

rusty-villous, channelled above. Inflorescence of very short axillary few-

flowered subumbellate racemes, 3 4-6-flowered with - 15 in. long slender

pedicels, 2 1-3-flowered with '05 in. slender pedicels ; bracts in both

minute subulate ; flowers pentamerous ; buds globose. Calyx-lobes oblong,

fimbriate-ciliate, '05 in. long, with few (about 6) large brown glands,

glandular-villous without, tube very short, ciliae moniliform. Corolla-

lobes ovate, rounded, ciliate, '075 in. long, '05 in. broad, with few unequal-

sized prominent brown glands. Stamens in 3 flowers longer than

corolla-lobes, in 2 much shorter ; anthers reniform, in 3 apiculate

and warted at back at the insertion of the dorsifixed, rather long fila-

ments which spring from near the base of the corolla-lobes. Ovary

114

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

rounded, glabrous ; style slender, curved, stigma peltate, at any rate in

? . Berry globose, red, black when dry, smooth, ‘15 to '2 in. in diam.,

surmounted by the remains of the style and stigma. A. DC. in Trans.

Linn. Soc. XVII. 130 (excl. var. fi), Prod. VIII. 86: Scheff. Myrs.

44 ; Kurz For. FI. II. 104 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 515 ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 324. Samara parviflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XL VI. ii. 223. Gelastrinea, Griff. Itin. Notes 85, n. 1226.

Perak : Scortechini ; Wray 4194 — at Maxwell’s Hill, Lanit, 3,500

feet ; Curtis 2059 — on Hijan Range ; King's Collector 2342, 6992 — from

dense forests on high hills at 3,000 to 5,000 feet. — Distrib. Khasia

and Naga Hills; Upper Burma, Griffith (K.D.) 3545, &c. ; Sumatra.

Imperfectly Known Species.

14. Embelia lucida, Wall. Cat. 2315. Leaves 3 in. long, l - 25 in.

broad, broadly oblong, suddenly narrowed at both ends, entire, glabrous,

coriaceous. Bacemes 1 in. long, axillary, simple, solitary or paired,

rusty-villous. A. DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 134, Prod. VIII. 87 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 517 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 396.

Singapore : Wallich 2315.

15. Embelia macrocarpa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A strong climber,

branchlets thick, nearly black, rough. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, obtuse

or shortly acuminate at apex, almost rounded at base, glabrous, margin

reflexed ; 6 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad ; midrib rather slender ; main-

nerves irregular, distant, not prominent, about 8 pairs ; secondary nerves

slender, obscure as are the reticulations ; petiole ‘7 to 1 in. long, thick,

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the leaves. Flowers

apparently on rather short, thick racemes from the branches. Calyx-

lobes 4, triangular, acute, gland-dotted, under -1 in. long. Berry large,

•5 to p 7 in. in diam., smooth, wrinkled when dry, globose, crowned with

the short remains of the persistent style. Seed with many conspicuous

pits. Rest not seen.

Penang : at Marriot’s Road, 1,500 feet, Curtis 1229.

The following Burmese species is here inserted, as it is found in

Tenasserim and may occur further south in the Malay Peninsula.

Embelia Gallatlyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub ; branchlets

rounded, dark brown, lenticellate. Leaves ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate at base ;

prominently crenate dentate with blunt teeth and glands in the crenatures ; glabrous

on both surfaces, glandular dots few, chiefly near the margin; 1 to l - 4 in. long, - 5 to

■7 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed above ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs ; arching

upwards to the crenatures ; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations prominent ;

petiole -1 to '2 in. long, channelled above, crispately edged. Inflorescence of axillary

corymbose racemes, 10-12-flowered, rachis about 2 in. long, bracts minute subulate,

115

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the whole minutely rusty-pubeseent, pedicels slender. Calyx-lobes triangular acute

■03 to -05 in. long, ciliate ; tube as long as lobes or somewhat shorter. Corolla-lobes

oblong-spathulate, -1 in. long, ciliate, minutely pubescent, sparsely gland-dotted.

Stamens longer than corolla-lobes, -15 in., anthers oblong, cells parallel, not warted

behind at the insertion of the long exsert filaments which spring from close to the base

of the corolla-lobes. Ovary ovoid-conical, style short curved, stigma minute. Berry

unknown.

Tenasserim : at Moolyet, 5,000 feet, G. Gallatly No. 407. Gamble

No. 7906 from Mianimukh, Chittagong Hill Tracts, without flowers or

fruit, is probably this species.

4. Labisia, Lindl.

Small shrubs, with a creeping rhizome and erect stem, resembling

Pothos in appearance. Leaves few, coriaceous, entire or denticulate,

sessile orpetiolate, the petiole often dilated, main leaf-nerves very many,

at right angles to the midrib. Flowers hermaphrodite, minute, pink, in

axillary spike-like panicles, bracts very small. Calyx minute, 5-lobed.

Corolla 5-lobed, lobes ovate, induplicato-valvate in bud ; tube very short.

Stamens 5, wrapped in the corolla-lobes ; filaments very short ; anthers

ovoid, introrsely dehiscent, no staminodes. Ovary globose, attenuated

into a short style ; stigma small ; ovules few, immersed in a globose

central placenta. Fruit small', globose, red, 1-seeded. Seed globose,

hollowed at the base ; albumen smooth ; embryo cylindric transverse.

— Distrib. About 4 species, all of the Malay Peninsula and Archi-

pelago.

Leaves petiolate without decurrent wings : —

Leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate, much longer than broad

Leaf-blades ovate or ovate-orbicular, nearly as broad

as long

Leaves with winged petioles or sessile : —

Wings very narrow, blade of leaf acuminate at both

ends

Wings broad : —

Leaves crenate, thin, main-nerves rather distant . .

Leaves entire, coriaceous, main-nerves very close

and regular

1. L. pumilavar. lanceolata.

2. L. paucifolia.

1. L. pumila.

1. L. pumila, var. alati t.

3 L. longistyla.

1. Labisia pumila, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. II. 645 (1876). A

semi-herbaceous undershrub, with rooting stems and leaves not jointed

at their insertion but decurrent into them. Leaves bluish-green,

elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, and more or less-

decurrent on the petiole ; crenately toothed, or sometimes nearly

entire ; blade 5 to 8 in. long by 1 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib thick, often

rusty-pubescent ; main-nerves extremely numerous, nearly at right angles

to the midrib, parallel, slender, anastomosing towards the margin, and

116

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

then producing an elegant network; under-surface with brown glandular

scales ; petiole 1 to 3 in., enlarged at the base, often minutely rusty-

pubescent. Flowers pink, in a spike-like, long-stalked, ferruginous-

tomentose panicle of small corymbose bracteate clusters ; peduncles

of corymbs 1 in. long or shorter, sometimes none ; bract linear-subulate,

•05 to 1 in. long. ; pedicels -05 to 1 in., slender, with minute bracteoles.

Calyx-lohes triangular, acute, - 025 in. long, densely glandular. Corolla-

lobes ovate, with linear glands, glabrous. Stamens infolded in the

corolla ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong-linear, apiculate, with

several hard round or linear black warts on the back. Ovary rounded,

pubescent, ending in a subulate angular style with minute notched

stigma. Fruit a globose red berry, about -15 in. in diam., ribbed

and with prominent elongate glands, surmounted by the persistent

style. Mez Monog. Myrs. 171 (var. genuina). L. pothoina, Lindl. in

Bot. Beg. 31. t. 48 ; Clarke in Hook. f. El. Br. Ind. III. 518 ; Stapf

in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IV. 200 ; Ardisia pumila, Blume Bijdr.

688 ; A. DO. Prod. VIII. 137 ; Miq. PI. Jungh. 199 and El. Ind.

Bat. II. 1028 ; Scheff. Myrs. 92. A ? spicata, Wall. Cat. 2273 ;

A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 135.

Singapore or Penang : Walker, 165. Penang : Curtis 1192 ;

Kunstler 1159. Perak : Scortechini ; Wray 753a. Malacca : Maingay

1013 (K.D.) ; Stoliczka. Singapoee : Bidley 1804. — Disteib. Java :

Forbes 238, 474. In dense moist forests on the lower slopes of hills.

Var. lanceolata, Scheff. l.c. 93. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,

somewhat rounded at base ; not, or very slightly, decurrent ; blade 5 to

8 in. long, by 1'5 to 3-5 in. broad; petiole 2 to 5 in. long not winged.

Inflorescence more slender, bracts often longer than the peduncle of the

corymb. Clarke in Hook. f. El. Br. Ind. III. 518; Mez Monog. Myrs. 172.

L. pothoina, N. E. Brown ( non Lindl.) in 111. Hort. XXXII. 95 tab. 561.

Penang : Hullett 201. Pahang : Goodenough 2799. Singapore :

Lobb 61; Kurz ; T. Anderson 196. — Disteib. Sumatra, Korthals ;

Borneo, Motley 1250, Haviland.

Var. alata, Scheff. l.c. 93. Leaves thin ashy-green above, dark

green below, elliptic oblong, rounded at top or obtusely acuminate ;

gradually or suddenly narrowed into a broad wing decurrent on the

petiole ; crenate glands and scales few or none ; 6 to 16 in. long, 2 to

4 in. broad. Inflorescence with the corymbs usually more closely

congested and on a shorter peduncle ; flowers somewhat smaller, bracts

usually longer than the corymb peduncle, flowers white or pink. Mez

Monog. Myrs. 172. L. alata, N. E. Brown in 111. Hort. XXXIII. 123,

t. 605.

Perak : Wray 753b, 824, 2482, 2737 ; Scortechini ; King’s Collector

117

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

980, 2815, 2882, 2891, 2942, 2974, 2999, 3376, 8325, 10949. Singapore :

Lobb 313.- — Distbib. Sumatra, Korthals ; Borneo.

2. Labisia paucifolia, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small semi-

herbaceous undershrub, 10 to 15 in. high; the stems striate, round,

minutely purplish-brown-pubescent, bearing rarely more than 3 to

4 leaves. Leaves long-petioled, the blade ovate or orbicular-ovate,

rounded at top into a bluntly acute point, rounded at base and then

very shortly decurrent; entire or very minutely crenate ; 2-5 to 4 in.

long, 1-5 to 3in. broad ; main-nerves slender, numerous, more or less

parallel, joining near the edge ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, thickened at

the base and decurrent into the stem. Inflorescence 1'5 to 2'5 in.

long, consisting of axillary, short-peduncled, rusty-pubescent racemes,

the flowers reflexed, single or in few -flowered sessile clusters ; pedicels

•05 to -1 in. long, with short subulate bracts of equal length. Calyx-

lobes ovate-acuminate, covered without with numerous glands, '075 in.

long; tube short, about half the length of lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong-

acuminate, - 125 in. long, glabrous. Stamens closely enfolded ; filaments

very short ; anthers hastate, long apiculate, glandular warted behind,

•1 in. long. Ovary rounded, pubescent; style about '04 in. long,

angular, oblique ; stigma minute, notched. Fruit a dark red berry, ’1 in.

in diam., striate and with oblong glands.

Perak : Scortechini ; Wray 4102 ; King’s Collector 8078. In open

forest at 3,000 to 5,000 feet.

Besides the characteristic leaves, the acuminate petals and hastate long apiculate

anthers make this species recognisable, though the leaf-venation resembles that

of L. puviila.

3. Labisia longistyla, King & Gamble, n. sp. An undershrub

about 2 feet high ; stem thick, rusty-brown, minutely pubescent. Leaves

sessile, oblong, entire, rounded at apex and very slightly emarginate,

decurrent below in a broad wing for about J- of their length ; promi-

nently glandular-pitted above and with rusty glandular scales below ,

7 to 12 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad ; midrib very thick, prominent, glandu-

lar scaly ; main-nerves at right angles to midrib, extremely numerous,

straight, parallel, anastomosing towards the edge which is slightly

recurved. Inflorescence a raceme-like rusty-pubescent panicle of single

flowers or shortly peduncled few-flowered secund corymbs, 8 to 9 in.

long, the main peduncle about 4 in. ; corymb-peduncles curved, angled,

•3 to '4 in. long ; bracts very short, subulate ; pedicels striate, about

■15 in. long ; bracteoles minute. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, glandular

without, tube rather shorter than lobes, together - 06 in. long. Corolla

and stamens unknown. Ovary rounded, pubescent, crowned by ft

118

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

filiform -2 in. long style. Fruit a globose berry, with a conical top

and the remains of the style, glabrous, striate with linear-oblong

prominent glands.

Perak : Wray 1590. Selangor : Curtis 3750, at 3,000 to 4,000

feet.

5. Ardisia, Swartz.

Small trees, shrubs or semi-herbaceous undershrubs, evergreen,

generally all parts with pellucid glands which often dry black. Leaves

sessile or petiolate, membranous to coriaceous, entire crenate or

serrate. Flowers regular, pedicellate, hermaphrodite ; inflorescence

various. Calyx inferior, 4-6-lobed, the lobes free or overlapping to

the right; tube very open, as long as or shorter than the lobes. Corolla

red white or spotted, often waxy in appearance, 4-6-lobed, the tube

often very short ; the lobes overlapping to the right, often twisted.

Stamens equal in number to, and opposite to, the corolla-lobes, some-

times long and narrow, usually sagittate-lanceolate and apiculate,

sometimes very small, fixed to the corolla-tube by filaments usually

short and broad ; generally opening by slits, occasionally by terminal

pores, in A. littoralis septate ; dehiscence always introrse. Ovary

globose, sometimes narrowed into the style, more often almost

depressed ; style usually filiform, rather long ; stigma punctiform ;

ovules few or many, immersed in a globose placenta. Fruit a globose,,

rarely obovoid, berry, usually surmounted by the remains of the style,

fleshy, red or purple or black, often spotted ; endocarp crustaceous ;

1-seeded. Seed solitary, large, globose, hollowed at the base ; albumen

pitted or ruminate ; embryo cylindric horizontal. — Distrib. 200 to 250

species, all of tropical or sub-tropical regions in both worlds, scarce

in Africa.

Leaves entire or crenate, never serrate : —

Leaves entire, or if crenate without glands in the

crenatures : —

Calyx-lobes not, or only slightly, overlapping to

the right, usually small : —

Inflorescence lateral : —

Inflorescence short-peduneled, shorter than

the leaves (I. Pimelandea)

Leaves entire ; inflorescence on wood of

current and past years : —

Leaves over 6 in. long ; nerves con-

spicuous : —

Leaves nearly glabrous beneath ;

main-nerves less than 20 ..1. A. pachy sandra.

Leaves densely tomentose beneath ;

main-nerves more than 20 .. 2. A. Teysmanniana.

119

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves under 0 in. long : —

Leaves shining, nerves obscure ;

flower-buds very short, rounded

Leaves not shining, nerves con-

spicuous ; flower-buds long, acuminate

Leaves crenate ; inflorescence on wood of

current year

Inflorescence long-peduncled (II. Akosmos): —

Peduncles slender, under 1 in. long, pu-

bescent ; leaves membranous

Peduncles thick, 3 to 3‘5 in. long, glabrous;

leaves coriaceous . .

Inflorescence terminal : —

Style exsert in the bud (III. Stylardisia) : —

Leaves membranous ; inflorescence short,

few-flowered.

Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, inflor-

escence elongate, many-flowered : —

Leaves without a conspicuous intra-

marginal nerve : — -

Calyx-lobes -05 in. long or under,

usually glabrous : —

Leaves coriaceous : —

Leaves not thickly scaly beneath : —

Nerves of leaves obscure, leaves

dark when dry .. . . 9. A. tuberculata.

Nerves of leaves prominent,

leaves pale when dry .. 10. A. ophirensis.

Leaves thickly scaly beneath : —

Leaves broad ; main-nerves very

many, prominent, over 24 pairs 11. A. labisicefolia.

Leaves narrow ; main-nerves

fewer, obscure, 20 pairs . . 12. A. Montana.

Leaves chartaceous : —

Panicles slender, elongate ; leaves

usually small, main-nerves at

about 60° to midrib . . 13. A. sinuata.

Panicles rather thick, compact;

leaves generally large, main-

nerves at about 75° to midrib .. 14. A. colorata.

Calyx-lobes ‘2 in. long, ferruginous

pubescent . . ... . . 15. A. crassa.

Leaves with a conspicuous intramarginal

nerve .. .. ..16. A. platyclada.

Style not exsert in the bud (IV. Acrar-

disia) : —

Branches of the inflorescence racemose ;

buds long, slender .. .. 17 .A.porosa.

Branches of the inflorescence umbellate ;

buds short, conical .. ..18. A. divergens.

Calyx-lobes clearly overlapping to the right,

usually large and broad

Inflorescence terminal (V. Tinopsis) : —

3. A. chrysophyllifolia.

4. A. solanoides.

5. A. fulva.

6. A. ferruginea.

7 .A. lankawiensis.

8. A. andavianica.

120

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves under 6 in. long ; panicle compact,

pedicels slender, flowers rather small ; berry

globose, '2 in. in diam. .. ..19. A. sumatrana.

Leaves usually over 6 in. long ; panicle

spreading, pedicels stout, flowers large ;

berry depressed, over -25 in. in diam. .. 20. A. lanceolata.

Inflorescence lateral (VI. Tinos) : —

Anthers septate ; leaves coriaceous, obovate,

inflorescence short .. .. ..21 .A. littoralis.

Anthers not septate : —

Leaves usually over 6 in. long

Leaves 8 to 15 in. long, elliptic, buds

•25 in. long .. .. ..22. A. Kunstleri.

Leaves 5 to 10 in. long : —

Main-nerves at about an angle of 60°

with midrib : —

Buds "4 in. long or more ; leaves

coriaceous : —

Buds conical; calyx -lobes

rounded; raceme glabrous .. 23. A. solanacea.

Buds rounded ; calyx-lobes emar-

ginate, raceme rusty-pubescent 24. A. lurida.

Buds -3 in. long only, rounded ;

leaves chartaceous . . . . 25. A. oxyphylla.

Main-nerves at only about 30° with

the midrib ; calyx-lobes emarginate 26. A. Scortechinii.

Leaves usually under 6 or even 5 in.

long : —

Leaves few-nerved ; inflorescence long,

racemose . . . . . . 27. A. pendula.

Leaves many-nerved ; inflorescence

short, 1-5-flowered .. .. 28. A. Hullettii.

Anthers not known ; leaves 7 to 10 in. long,

under 2-5 in. broad ; main-nerves at an angle

of 80° with midrib in an elegant network

with secondary nerves and reticulations .. 29 . A.oblongifolia.

Anthers not known ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-

ovate, acuminate, 4-5 to 6'5 in. long ; calyx-

lobes 4 ; inflorescence apparently terminal . . 30. A. tetrasepala.

Anthers not known ; leaves 3 to 5 in. long,

under 1-5 in. broad, acuminate, flowers 2 .. 31. A. biflora.

Anthers not known ; leaves 4 to 6 in. long,

■7 to -9 in. broad, linear-lanceolate ; flowers

in peduncled axillary umbellate racemes,

about 5 to 8 .. .. ..32 .A. tahanica.

Leaves crenate, with glands in the crenatures

(VII. Ckispaedisia) : —

Calyx-lobes more or less gland-dotted

Calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse or obtusely acute : —

Calyx-lobes lingulate, over -25 in. long,

sparsely dotted ; inflorescence short ; leaves

lanceolate, more or less villous. . . . 33. A. villosa.

Calyx-lobes under -1 in. long, prominently

121

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

dotted ; inflorescence long ; leaves oblong,

glabrous, pale .. .. ..34. A. virens.

Calyx-lobes ovate, more or less acute : —

Inflorescence axillary, racemose or umbel-

late : —

Kacemes or umbels in the axils of upper

leaves only : —

Leaves over 5 in. long, crenatures broad,

very shallow, rounded : —

Leaves membranous, pedicels slender 35. A. Wrayi.

Leaves coriaceous, pedicels thick . . 36. A. minor.

Leaves under 4 in. long, crenatures

narrow, almost dentate .. .. 37. A. perakensis.

Eacemes in the axils of all or nearly all

the leaves, crenatures narrow .. 38. A. Meziana.

Inflorescence terminal or pseudo-terminal: —

Inflorescence of a single sessile, umbellate

raceme ; leaves 4 to 8 in. long . . 39. A. Ridley i.

Inflorescence usually of panicled racemes ;

leaves 2 to 4 in. long . . . • 40. A. crenatci.

Calyx-lobes not gland-dotted ; inflorescence ter-

minal or pseudo-terminal : —

Branches of inflorescence short, not more than

1 in. long; leaves 2 to 4 in. long . . 41. A. rosea.

Branches of inflorescence 2 to 3 in. long ;

leaves 4 to 6 in. long .. •• 42. A. long epedunculata .

Leaves acutely and prominently serrate occasionally

abortive (VIII. Bladhia) : —

Inflorescence long, reaching 6 to 8 in. ; leaves

large, nearly or quite sessile .. • • 43. A. Maingayi.

Inflorescence short, under 2’5 in. ; leaves

petioled : —

Inflorescence 1*5 to 25 in. long; anthers

mucronate ; leaves under 3 in. long . . 44. A. thecefolia.

Inflorescence under 1*5 in. long ; anthers

emarginate ; leaves over 4 in. long : —

Leaves and branchlets fulvous-villous ;

flowers pink ; ovary and base of style

pubescent .. .. • • 45. A. odontophylla var. Lobbii.

Leaves and branchlets glabrous; flowers

white ; ovary and base of style glabrous . . 46. A. bambusetorum.

1. Ardisia pachysandra, Mez Monog. Myrs. 97 fig. 14 A-E (1901).

A large shrub or small tree reaching to 40 to 50 feet high, and 6

to 10 in. diam. ; branches with pale brown bark, marked with

decurrent lines below the leaves or leaf-scars ; branchlets thickly rusty-

villous at the ends. Leaves membranous ; oblong or slightly obovate,

acute at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous above, except on the midrib

which is sometimes minutely pubescent, glabrous or slightly pubescent

beneath ; entire, glands numerous near the margins ; 6 to 10 in. long,

1-5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib thick, slightly impressed above ; main-nerves

122

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

14 to 20 pairs, irregular, -4 to -5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about

60°, then slightly arching to and along the margin ; petiole '4 to -6 in.

long, pubescent, wrinkled, slightly channelled above. Inflorescence

of small, axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled, umbels or corymbs;

peduncles -1 in. long, flowers 6 to 8 ; pedicels slender, pubescent, striate,

•4 in. long; bracts minute, subulate, densely pubescent, deciduous.

Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, pubescent, -2 in. long, slightly overlapping

to the right, ciliate, gland-dotted especially near the tip. Corolla-lobes

boat-shaped, broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, -3 in. long, glabrous,

white, faintly nerved, dots very few, revolute in flower; tube short.

Stamens a little shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, cuspidate-

acuminate, much gland-dotted and warted at the back on the connective ;

filaments thick. Ovary rounded, glabrous, style subulate, as long as

the anthers. Berry -2 to -4 in. in diam., globose, glabrous, pale.

Myrsine pachysandra, Wall, in Eoxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II.

297 ; Wall. Cat. 2284 ; A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 111.

Pimelandra Wallichii, A. DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2. XVI. 88; Prod.

VIII. 106 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. V. 14. t. 31 ; Scheff. Myrs. 94 ; Miq. PI.

Ind. Bat. II. 1029 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 531.

Penang : Wallich 2284 ; Porter ; Curtis 1156, 3164, 3181, 3737.

Malacca : Griffith (HD.) 3597 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1006. Perak : Wray

1358 ; King’s Collector 5995, 7194. — Distrib. Borneo (?).

2. Ardisia Teysmanniana, Scheff. in Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXXI.

368 and in Flora 253 (1870). A large shrub or small tree ; branchlets

brown, with wavy longitudinal lines passing downwards from the sides

of the bases of the petioles, lenticels numerous, innovations densely

ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves entire, chartaceous ; oblong or slightly

obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, alternate

and sometimes abruptly rounded at base ; glabrous above, densely ferru-

ginous-tomentose beneath; glands very numerous, small, evenly dis-

tributed over the whole under surface ; 6 to 11 in. long, l - 5 to

3 in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent beneath ; main-nerves 25 to 30

pairs, -3 to - 4 in. apart, starting at an angle of 60°, at first straight,

then curving to meet in the margin in a looped nerve, raised beneath

as are the few secondary nerves and the many oblique reticulations ;

petiole very thick, -5 to -6 in. long, usually bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade which are again revolute. Inflorescence of

axillary pedunculate umbels or corymbs ; peduncles in flower - 1 to

•2 in. long, in fruit sometimes up to - 5 in., 4-5-flowered ; pedicels

slender, -4 in. long, densely rusty -pubescent, striate ; bracteoles

linear-subulate, deciduous. Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, pubescent,

•1 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-lobes ovate-acuminate, '2 in. long, softly

123

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pubescent, glands inconspicuous, tube very short. Stamens nearly

as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, concave

and warted on the connective at the back, -175 in. long; filaments

slender, - 05 in. long, glabrous. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style slender,

subulate, as long as stamens. Berry globose, slightly depressed, '3 in.

in diam., black-gland-dotted, faintly ribbed. Mez in Monog. Myrs.

97. Pimelandra Teysmanniana, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.

PL II. 64. Pimelandra Walliehii var. Teysmanniana, Clarke in Hook,

f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 531.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1007. Singapore : Cantley ; Ridley

2800, 5573, 6788. — Distrib. Bangka.

This species is easily distinguished from the former by having many more and

much closer nerves to the leaves, and by the dense rusty tomentum.

3. Ardisia chrysophyllipolia, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree,

branchlets reddish-brown, innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent.

Leaves entire, coriaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acute at apex,

narrowed at base ; glabrous on both surfaces ; glands scattered, visible

on the under surface; 4 to 6 in. long, -75 to 1-25 in. broad; midrib

thick, prominent; main-nerves many, more or less parallel, incon-

spicuous, meeting, with the secondary nerves, in a wavy intramarginal

nerve, reticulations fine ; petiole ‘4 to -5 in. long, glabrous, channelled

above and edged by the decurrent margin of the blade. Inflorescence

of small, axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled, umbels of up to about

12 flowers ; pedicels slender, -2 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent ; bracts

minute, triangular; buds very short, rounded. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate,

minutely ciliate, pubescent and scaly outside, dotted with many con-

spicuous golden glands, - 05 in. long, tube a little shorter. Corolla-lobes

ovate, concave, sparsely glandular, glabrous, -08 in. long; tube none

or very short. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes ; anthers

ovate acuminate, black-gland-dotted behind ; filaments short. Ovary

rounded, glabrous ; style subulate, -05 in. long. Berry globose, some-

what depressed, covered with round and elongate glands, -15 in. in

diam.

Perak : at Lower Camp, Gunong Pateh, 3,400 feet, Wray 483,

1118, 1182.

4. Ardisia solanoides, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub,

3 to 4 feet high ; branches slender, smooth, dark brown ; branchlets

glandular-hirsute, marked by obscure raised lines from the sides of the

bases of the petioles. Leaves entire, membranous ; elliptic, bluntly long

caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate at base ; glabrous above, more

or less glandular-hirsute beneath ; glandular dots many, scattered,

prominent; 2'5 to 3 '5 in. long, -75 to 1-25 in. broad; midrib slender,

124

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

raised beneath ; main-nerves 8 to 9 pairs, raised, at an angle of 60° with

the midrib, the lowest pair more oblique, nearly straight, meeting at

about two-thirds of the way to the margin in a looped intramarginal

raised nerve, reticulations obscure; petiole -15 in. long, bordered by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of sessile, axillary,

umbellate, nearly glabrous racemes of about 4 to 6 flowers, racemes

hardly '1 in. long; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, gland-dotted, -1 in.

long ; pedicels slender, - 3 to '4 in. long, slightly clavate ; buds conical,

acuminate, '3 in. long ; flowers white with a blueish tinge. Calyx-lobes

4 to 5, very short, rounded, searious and ciliate on the margins, gland-

dotted. Corolla-lobes ovate below, caudate-acuminate above, twisted

and reflexed in flower, -3 in. long, sparsely pale-glandular-punctate.

Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes, lanceolate, membranous at

tip, with two lines of glandular dots on the back of the connective.

Ovary rounded ; style very slender, as long as stamens. Berry bright

red, glossy, - 25 in. in diam. when dry.

Perak : in dense jungle on rich soil, at 500 to 800 feet, Kinj’s

Collector 4254.

This species very closely resembles Antistrophe caudata , but is at once distinguished

by the fact of the corolla-lobes overlapping to the right instead of to the left. The

flowers somewhat resemble those of Ardisia porosa.

5. Ardisia fulva, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub ;

branchlets rather thick, usually marked by raised lines descending

from the bases of the leaves ; innovations densely tawny -villous ; leaf-

buds lanceolate, densely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong

or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, somewhat rounded

at base ; glabrous or slightly scaly above, thickly tawny - villous

beneath ; glandular dots few, scattered, obscure, in the areoles of the

minor nerves ; crenate, especially in the upper two-thirds ; 4 to 7 in.

long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs,

irregular, arching upwards and joining in an intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves slender, faint, reticulations curved ; petiole - 4 to -6 in.

long, winged by the decurrent edges of the blade. Inflorescence of short

1 to 1-5 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent, drooping, corymbs in the axils

of tawny, leaf-like, often nearly 1 in. long, bracts from the young branches

below the end leaves ; peduncles about - 7 in. long, slender, pedicels

slender, up to - 5 in. long ; bracteoles subulate, short, tawny; buds ovate,

•2 to -25 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate, thin, villous without, ciliate, -1 to

•15 in. long, marked with prominent black dots, recurved in flower ; tube

short. Corolla-lobes obovate, obtuse, ’2 to - 25 in. long, oblique, unequal,

marked by prominent round or oblong black dots, tube short. Stamens

125

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, acuminate, with 2 rows of

prominent black dots behind the anthers ; filaments short. Ovary

ovoid, surmounted by a short, '1 in. long, subulate style, glabrous. Berry

•2 in. in diam., black when dry, ribbed.

Kedah : on Langkawi Island, Curtis 2133. Penang : Ridley 10216.

Perak : Ridley 8269.

6. Ardisia ferruginea, Mez Monog. Myrs. 108 (1901). A shrub (?) ;

branchlets slender, densely ferruginous - tomentose. Leaves mem-

branous ; linear- or oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, rounded

at base ; glabrous or slightly rusty - scaly above, rusty - pubescent

beneath; entire; glands not apparent; 3 to 4-5 in. long, -75 to 1 in.

broad ; midrib slender, nerves very faint ; petiole -1 to -2 in. long,

rusty-pubescent. Stipules small, linear-falcate. Flowers in densely

ferruginous-pubescent, bipinnate panicles in the axils of upper leaves ;

peduncles - 5 to -75 in. long; bracts linear subulate about -15 in. ; pedicels

slender, -1 to '2 in. long ; bracteoles minute ; buds conical. Calyx-lobes

ovate, obtuse, ciliate, connate to rather over one-third, with wavy

glandular dots. Corolla-lobes shortly connate at the base, broadly and

obliquely ovate, short acuminate, gland-dotted. Stamens a little shorter

than the corolla-lobes ; anthers large, ovate, gradually acute, scarcely

punctate ; filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style slender.

Johore: at Kampong Sunpai, Lake & Kelsall (Ridley 4032).

This species does not seem to differ very much from A. Miqueliana, Scheff. in Tijdseh.

Ned. Ind. XXXI. 367, in respect to leaves, but that species has terminal and not axillary

flowers.

7. Ardisia lanka wiensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets

smooth, glabrous, obscurely striate, with raised lines from the edges of

the bases of the leaf-petioles. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-

lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute at base, glabrous ; entire ; glandular

dots frequent near the margins; 3'5 to 5 in. long, 1-25 to 1'5 in. broad;

midrib slender ; main-nerves obscure, about 12 to 14 pairs, anastomosing

near the margin, secondary nerves and reticulations similar ; petiole

•5 to '6 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers pink, in long-peduncled, closely congested racemes in the axils

of the uppermost leaves; peduncles 3 to 3’5 in. long, flattened, glabrous ;

pedicels - 5 to '7 in. long, striate, slender ; bracteoles minute, caducous.

Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, with many glands on the back, -075 in.

long. Corolla-lobes ovate, acuminate, much gland-dotted, -25 to -3 in.

long. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, ovate-lanceolate,

mueronate, dehiscing on the margins but more widely near the top.

Ovary rounded, obscurely 5-lobed ; style -2 in. long, twisted and

126

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

wrinkled. Fruit a depressed, obscurely 5-angled berry, -2 in. in diam.,

pericarp very smooth inside.

Kedah : on Lankawi Island, Ridley 8313.

8. Ardisia andamanica, Kurz For. FI. II. 108 (1877) and in Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. XLYI. ii. 225. A small or medium-sized evergreen shrub

reaching 15 feet high and 2 in. in diam. ; branches slender with reddish-

brown bark, striate when dry, branchlets glabrous. Leaves entire, mem-

branous ; oblong lanceolate, narrowly long acuminate at apex, cuneate

at base ; glabrous on both surfaces but with many scattered glandular

dots and occasional peltate scales; 3 to 6 in. long, -75 to 1 - 75 in. broad;

midrib slender; main-nerves about 20 pairs, very thin and inconspicuous,

at about 60° with the midrib, at first straight then arching upwards

to and along the margin ; petiole -3 to - 5 in. long, channelled above.

Inflorescence a loose terminal panicle 2 to 3 in. long, with few slender

umbel-like racemes on -3 to - 5 in. long, squarrose peduncles; pedicels

slender, -3 in. ; bracteoles small, ovate, deciduous. Calyx-lobes acute,

triangular, -05 in. long, minutely ciliate at the edges, dotted with black

glands ; tube rather shorter than lobes. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute,

■15 in. long, glabrous, with inconspicuous nerves and few scattered

round or oblong glands. Stamens a little shorter than corolla-lobes;

anthers ovate, apiculate, '1 in. long, glabrous on the back or with few

black glands ; filaments -05 in. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style filiform,

long exsert, -15 in. long. Berry round or slightly pyriform, smooth,

•3 in. in diam. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 521 ; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 110. Ardisia neriifolia, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 127 in part (not of

Wall.), Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. t. 8 (fig. only).

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3570 ; Hullett 830 ; Stoliczka. Perak :

Ridley 9718; Wray 867, 943, 971, 1033; King’s Collector 5692, 8064.

Johobe: Ridley 3717. — Distrib. Andamans, Mergui.

9. Ardisia tuberculata, Wall. Cat. 2274 (1829). A shrub, reaching

10 feet in height; branchlets smooth, stout, reddish, uppermost flattened,

glabrous. Leaves entire, coriaceous ; elliptic, bluntly acuminate at apex,

attenuate or rounded at the base ; glabrous and shining above,

covered beneath with rather deciduous peltate scales, dark when dry ;

3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib prominent ; main-nerves obscure,

about 15 pairs, starting at an angle of about 75° from the midrib, then

arched upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves more slender,

reticulations obscure ; petiole - 3 to -5 in. long, thick, rough, winged by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a lax, leafy, terminal,

tripinnate, 3 to 6 in. long, panicle; rachis flexuous, flattened, often

scaly; primary peduncles squarrose, -6 to 1 in. long, supported

by ovate acuminate leafy bracts ; secondary peduncles also squarrose.

127

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

•3 to '5 in. long with subulate bracts ; ultimate racemes umbellate,

6-8-flowered ; pedicels slender, short, -1 to -15 in. long; bracteoles

subulate; buds ovoid, obtuse, glabrous. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute or

rounded, -05 in. long; margin ciliate, dotted with black glands. Corolla-

lobes broadly ovate, blunt, glabrous, -1 in. long, with very few dots; tube

very short. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes ; anthers

acute, but gland-dotted behind ; filaments minute, broad. Ovary globose;

style subulate, longer than the petals. Berry obovoid, smooth, -15 to

•2 in. in diam. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 119, Prod. VIII.

130 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 1026 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III.

521, except var. ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 112, fig. 16. A chry sophy lloides,

Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 574. «

Penang: Wallich 2274. Malacca: Derry 394. Pahang: Iiidley

1071. Johobe : Ridley 6438. Singapore: Griffith (K.D.) 3564;

Maingay (K.D.) 1014 ; Ridley 2817, 8916, 1916(a).— Disteib. Bangka

Teysmann.

10. Ardisia ophirensis, Mez Monog. Myrs. 113 (1901). A shrub (?) ;

branchlets pale brown, flattened, smooth ; innovations minutely

ferruginous-scaly. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic, shortly acuminate at

apex, rounded or somewhat acute at base ; pale and somewhat shining

on both surfaces, the under covered with minute brown peltate scales ;

glands scattered, numerous; 3 to 6 in. long, 1-75 to 2-25 in. broad;

midrib thick, prominent; main-nerves prominent, raised on both surfaces,

10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 75° with the midrib, at first

straight then curving upwards to meet some way from the margin in a

prominent network; secondary nerves prominent, reticulations trans-

verse ; petiole -4 to -5 in. long, thick, bordered above by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal, leafy, angular, tripinnate

panicle, about 3 to 4 in. long; rachis flexuous, flattened, scaly; peduncles

squarrose, about 1 in. long, supported by ovate-oblong, reflexed, leafy

bracts; pedicels -3 in. long, slender, in fruit very spreading. Calyx-lobes

ovate, acute, -05 in. long, back dotted with prominent large glands.

Corolla-lobes elliptic-ovate, rather oblique, shortly connate, nervose ;

glands few, near the apex, black. Stamens rather shorter than the

corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate, large, not glandular, apiculate ; filaments

short, slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style long, subulate, exsert.

Berry black when dry, T5 in. in diam., with prominent glands. A.

tuberculata var. ophirensis, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 522.

Malacca : Hullett 754 ; Ridley 621 ; Miller 9. On the top of Mount

Ophir.

11. Ardisia labisi^folia, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree ;

branchlets thick, slightly flattened, smooth, glabrous below, lepidote-

128

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

scaly above. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic- oblong, shortly and

rather abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base ; glabrous above

when old, when young densely covered, as is the under-surface always,

with rather large reddish-brown peltate scales, margins recurved ; 6 to

8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above ;

main-nerves 24 to 30 pairs, irregularly spaced, at first parallel, leaving

the midrib nearly at right angles, then near the margin curving upwards

to and along the margin and anastomosing with the prominent secondary

nerves which resemble the main ones ; reticulations prominent in an

elegant network, all more or less raised above when dry; petiole

•5 to -8 in. long, thick, bordered above by the decurrent margins of the

blade. Inflorescence a pyramidal, rusty-scaly, bracteate, tripinnate

panicle, up to 6 in. long, the branches bearing sub-umbellate, pedun-

culate clusters of small flowers ; rachis somewhat flattened, rusty-

scaly ; bracts leafy spathulate ; bracteoles minute, ovate ; pedicels

■1 to -2 in. long, reflexed. Calyx-lobes ovate, -06 in. long, ciliate, scaly

and glandular-dotted ; tube one-third of lobes. Corolla-lobes deep pink,

ovate-acute, -14 in. long, with a very few black glands. Stamens nearly

as long as corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, acute, -1 in. long, apiculate ;

filaments rather thick, -3 to '4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Ovary

rounded, glabrous ; style slender, exsert. Berry globose, often depressed

at top, -15 to -2 in. in diam., black when dry.

Pebak: Wray 320, 1566 ; Scortechini. Hilltops at 6,500 to 7,000 feet.

12. Ardisia MONTANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub reaching

4 to 6 feet in height ; branchlets brown, somewhat angular, uppermost

covered with a nearly furfuraeeous glandular tomentum. Leaves

coriaceous ; elliptic- oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at

apex, rounded or attenuate at base ; scaly above, densely ferruginous-

hairy and scaly beneath, scales stellate ; glandular dots scattered,

obscure ; margins slightly recurved ; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ;

midrib prominent, impressed above ; main-nerves 20 pairs, obscure,

irregular, starting nearly at right angles to the midrib and curving

upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves many, reticulations

obscure ; petiole -5 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins

of the blade, densely scaly and ferruginous-pubescent. Inflorescence a

rather lax, terminal, pyramidal, bi-tri-pinnate, leafy panicle, up to 6 in.

long in fruit, shorter in flower, the branches bearing sub-umbellate

pedunculate clusters of minute flowers ; rachis somewhat flattened,

furfuraceous-scaly ; branches squarrose ; peduncles - 5 to '7 in. long ;

umbel-peduncles - 5 in. long ; pedicels - 2 in. long, often reflexed ; bracts

leafy, deciduous ; bracteoles ovate, very small. Calyx-lobes ovate-acute,

under -05 in. long, margins searious ciliate, dotted with large glands.

129

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla-lobes slightly longer than calyx-lobes, ovate, glabrous, gland-

clotted. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate, apiculate ;

filaments extremely short. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style subulate,

rather thick, scarcely exsert. Berry red, globose, ‘15 in. in diam.,

gland-dotted when dry.

Perak: Wray 327, 3869; Scortechini 296; King's Collector 8029.

Eocks and hilltops at 3,000 to 7,000 feet.

13. Ardisia sinuata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small tree,

reaching a height of 10 to 15 feet and a diam. of stem of 2 to 3 in. ;

branchlets pale brown, sinuate, compressed, with raised lines joining

the sides of the bases of the petioles, minutely scaly-pubescent or nearly

glabrous. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acumi-

nate at apex, rounded or attenuate at base ; glabrous above, minutely

scaly beneath when young, afterwards glabrate ; glandular dots few,

scattered ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs, '3 to -4 in. apart, starting from the midrib at an angle of 60°

and at once curving upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves

and reticulations faint; petiole p 3 to '4 in. long, channelled above by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a lax, terminal, bracteate,

nearly glabrous, bi-tri-pinnate panicle 5 to 7 in. long, the branches

bearing subumbellate clusters of small flowers ; rachis flat, sinuate ;

bracts leafy, uppermost lanceolate recurved, '5 to 1 in. long ; bracteoles

minute, ovate ; pedicels slender, -1 in. long. Calyx-lobes triangular-

ovate, glabrous, ciliate, gland-dotted, -04 in. long. Corolla-lobes pale

green or pink, ovate, acute ; margins transparent. Stamens nearly as

long as corolla-lobes; anthers broadly ovate, shortly apiculate; filaments

very short. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style slender, exsert, - 1 to - 15 in.

long. Berry globose, "15 in. in diam., obscurely striate and black

when dry.

Perak : Wray 2408, 3023 ; King’s Collector 4599.

14. Ardisia colorata, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 16 (1814), PI. Ind. I. 581,.

and PI. Ind. Ed. Carey and Wall. II. 271. A large shrub or small tree,

reaching 25 feet in height and a girth of 1 foot ; branchlets compressed,

pale brown, more or less lepidote-scaly, furnished with somewhat

zigzag raised lines proceeding downwards from the sides of the bases

of the petioles. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceo-

late, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous on

both surfaces, entire; glandular dots many, irregularly scattered, chiefly

visible on the upper surface ; 5 to 10 in. long, l - 5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib

prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 20 to 30, also

prominently raised beneath and impressed above, usually '3 to ’4 in.

apart, starting at an angle of 70° to 75° with the midrib, at first straight

130

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

then arched upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves

many, slender, 1 to 2 between each pair of main-nerves, reticulations

oblique ; petiole rather thick, -5 to - 8 in. long, channelled above, winged

by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a pyramidal

terminal panicle, 4 to 12 in. long, tripinnate, ferruginous scaly, bearing

clustered umbellate racemes of flowers ; rachis much flattened, as are

its branch peduncles; primary branches 2 to 6 in. long, peduncle '5 in.,

bracts caducous ; secondary branches • 5 to 1 in. long, peduncles ‘2 to

•4 in., braeteoles small, ovate-acuminate; pedicels slender. T to '2 in.

long; umbels many-flowered. Calyx-lobes ovate, bluntly acute, '05 to

•08 in. long, densely gland-dotted, margins scarious and ciliate ; tube

rather shorter than lobes. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate-acute, oblique,

unequal, about T5 in. long, not gland-dotted; tube very short. Stamens

a little shorter than corolla-lobes ; anthers sagittate, acuminate ; filaments

very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style thick, ‘2 in. long. Berry

globose, '2 to '25 in. in diam., deep red to black, obscurely ribbed when

dry, shining. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 520 ; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 113. A. pyramidalis, Both Nov. PL Sp. 123 ( not of Cav.). A.

Bothii, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 117, Prod. VIII. 126.

A. anceps, Wall, in Boxb. FI. Ind. l.c. 280, and Cat. 2261 ; DC. Prod. l.c. ;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. II. 224, and For. FI. II. 107 ;

Seheff. Myrs. 77. A. polycarpa, Wall. Cat. 2285. A. grandiflora, Wall.

Cat. 2272.

Kedah : Ridley 5509. Perak : Scortechini 20, 203, 397, 1505,

1568; King’s Collector 798, 1301, 3099, 3284, 3567, 6473, 6823, 7741,

8252, 10866; Ridley 5508. Province Wellesley: Ridley 6945.

Selangor : Ridley 7559 ; Goodenough 10551. Malacca : Maingay

(K.D.) 1008 ; Goodenough 1762 ; Derry 553, 915, 1075 ; Ridley 1245,

1581, 2817. — Distrib. India, Burma, Malay Islands.

Var. polyneura, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 520. Leaves

paler when dry than in the typical form ; wide, reaching 4 - 5 in. in

width, sometimes reaching 15 in. in length ; more usually elliptic,

oblong or obovate, more rounded at base ; all nerves more prominent.

Panicle wide at the base ; pedicels much reflexed ; rachis very much

flattened. A. polyneura, Miq. in PI. Jungh. I. 198, and FI. Ind. Bat.

II. 1022 ; Seheff. Myrs. 81.

Perak : Ridley 3000 ; Scortechini 1290, 1412 ; Wray 1643, 1950,

2810 ; King’s Collector 527, 2152, 2197, 2629, 3643, 3655, 3657, 4119,

4751, 6922, 8640. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3568. — Distrib. Java.

Var. complanata, Clarke l.c. Panicles smaller, rusty-pubescent ;

flowers and berries smaller ; panicle, rachis, and branches much

flattened. Leaves usually narrower and smaller, rarely over 7 in. long

131

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

and 2-75 in. broad. A. complanata, Wall. Cat. 2277 ; Wall, in Eoxb. FI.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 210 ; DC. Prod. VIII. 126 ; Scheff. Myrs.

78 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1024. A. sanguinolenta, Bl. Bijdr. 685 ( not of

Wall.). A. Zollingeri, DC. Prod. VIII. 670.

Penang : Wallich 2277 ; Curtis 1052, 22494. Perak : Wray 2896,

3929; Scortechini 144, 112; King’s Collector 7680. — Distrib. Chitta-

gong, Java, Sumatra.

Var. salicifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves lanceolate, 5 to 7 in. long,

1 to 1-5 in. broad, glabrous, obscurely gland-dotted ; main-nerves not

prominent. Panicles spreading, leafy ; racbis zigzag, much flattened ;

bracteoles persistent.

Perak : Wray 2960 ; King’s Collector 3216, 6816, 8563. Malacca :

Hervey.

Var. elliptica, King & Gamble. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate,

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous; 4-5 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

broad; main-nerves fewer, 15 to 20 pairs, less prominent. Panicles

rather short and stout, 4 to 6 in. long, pyramidal, racliis less flattened,

scarcely zigzag.

Perak: Wray 3293 ; King’s Collector 3326, 3453, 5057, 6473, 6624,

6820, 8856.

15. Ardisia crassa, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 518 (1882).

A small tree ; branches pale brown, rounded, stout ; branchlets somewhat

flattened above and with raised lines from below the base of the petioles.

Leaves coriaceous ; oblong, acute or slightly blunt-acuminate above,

cuneate at base ; glabrous and shining above, rufescent and with

inconspicuous rounded scales beneath ; entire ; 4 to 9 in. long, 1'5 to

2 - 5 in. broad ; midrib prominent beneath ; main-nerves nearly regular at

first, nearly at right angles to midrib, afterwards arching upwards and

round parallel t.o the edge, 20 to 27 pairs, secondary obscure. In-

florescence a terminal rusty-pubescent panicle, 5 to 6 in. long, with

remote branches ending in closely packed umbels ; rachis thick, much

flattened, flexuose ; branches first at right angles, then curved, - 5 to - 8 in.

long; pedicels very short, thick; bracteoles ovate, blunt, about '1 in.

long. Calyx-lobes thick, ovate-orbicular, - 2 in. long, minutely ferruginous-

pubescent, overlapping to right; tube about half the length of the lobes.

Corolla-lobes broadly ovate, unequal, obliquely and shortly acute,

•15 in. long. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, acute;

filaments very short, broad at base. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style

short, about -1 in. long, subulate. Berry globose, depressed, not striate,

■25 in. in diam. Mez Monog. Myrs. 114.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1015 ; Goodenough 1808. — Distrib.

Borneo.

132

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

16. Ardisia platyclada, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree or

shrub reaching 10 to 15 feet in height; branchlets pale brown, pro-

minently marked by zigzag raised lines joining the sides of the bases of

the petioles ; uppermost ones prominently flattened and covered with

rusty furfuraceous scales, as are also the young leaves. Leaves charta-

ceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate at apex, attenuate

and somewhat rounded at base ; both surfaces covered when young with

rusty stellate scales, glabrescent when old ; margins undulate, recurved ;

4 to 6 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent

beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, '3 to '4 in. apart,

rather irregularly parallel, leaving the midrib at an angle of about 65°

and joining at -1 to ‘2 in. from the margin in a very prominent intra-

marginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ;

petiole none or very short, rarely ’2 in. long, rugose, rusty-scaly, and

bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal,

compact, bracteate, rusty-scaly, pyramidal, bi-tri-pinnate panicle, 4 to

5 in. long, the flowers in dense subumbellate clusters on the branches ;

rachis flattened, flexuose ; bracts foliaceous, spathulate or oblong-

lanceolate, -5 to 1‘5 in. long ; bracteoles small, triangular-subulate ;

pedicels glabrous, cernuous, about ’1 in. long ; buds very small, conical.

Calyx-lobes pink, lanceolate, -04 in. long, ciliate, obscurely red-gland-

dotted ; tube as long as or rather shorter than the lobes. Corolla-lobes

waxy- white, ovate-acuminate, -07 in. long, slightly gland-dotted ; tube

very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate, apiculate ;

filaments very short. Ovary rounded, minutely pubescent at top ; style

straight, - 15 in. long, exsert. Berry globose, '15 to '2 in. in diam.,

glandular-rugose, dark blue, black when dry.

Perak : Scortechini 232 ; King’s Collector 824, 4569, 5863, 8136,

10140 ; usually in dense mixed forest.

A. pterocaulis, Miq. ; Mez Monog. Myrs. Ill, a tree of the forests of the Sumatran

mountains, much resembles this at first sight, but the leaves are bigger, the flower

panicles much larger and more open, with shorter pedicels, and the nerves of the

leaves do not meet in a prominent looped intramarginal nerve. ( Forbes 1992 in Herb.

Cale.)

17. Ardisia porosa, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 522 (1882).

A shrub, reaching 8 feet in height ; branches flexuose, almost zigzag,

winged by lines decurrent from the bases of the leaf-petioles. Leaves

chartaceous ; oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at base or sometimes

rounded-acute ; glabrous, pale beneath ; entire, margin often recurved ;

glands small and obscure; 5 to 9 in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in. broad; midrib

rather slender, prominent beneath; main-nerves obscure, irregular, about

133

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

20 to 25 pairs ; secondary faint, all arching upwards into an irregular

intramarginal ring and reticulate ; petiole 4 in. long, narrowly winged

by the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a loose terminal few-flowered

panicle up to 6 in. long ; rachis flexuous ; branches racemose, at right

angles to rachis; peduncles 1 to l - 5 in. long, curving upwards;

pedicels -5 to '7 in. long, slender, curved upwards; bracteoles minute,

ovate, deciduous ; flowers 3-5-, usually 4-merous ; buds slender.

Calyx-lobes ovate, '04 in. long, obscurely dotted ; tube short. Corolla-

lobes ovate-lanceolate, pink, -3 in. long by ‘1 in. broad, recurved in

flower, not dotted but striate. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes ;

anthers very slender, opening by terminal pores as well as longitu-

dinally ; filaments very short, thick. Ovary conical, gradually passing

into a slender style -25 in. long. Berry globose, -25 in. in diam., ribbed,

glossy black when ripe. Koord. & Yal. Bijdr. Y. 260 ; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 118.

Perak: Scortechini 116, 1511; King's Collector 3108. Malacca:

Griffith (K.D.) 3578 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1012 ; Wray 39 ; Goodenough

1528 ; Hervey.

18. Ardisia divergens, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), FI. Ind. I. 583,

and FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275. A small tree, reaching 20 feet

in height ; branchlets slender, smooth, rounded. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic or lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded at base,

drying reddish-brown ; glabrous on both surfaces ; entire, margins

slightly incurved ; glandular dots large, prominent, especially near the

margin ; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib prominent beneath ;

primary nerves 8 to 12 pairs, irregular, arched and joining in an intra-

marginal prominent nerve with a smaller, less prominent nerve near the

edge ; secondary nerves few, slender, reticulate ; petiole -15 to - 3 in.

long, winged by the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a loose terminal

rusty-pubescent panicle, 2 to 3 in. long, ultimate branches umbelled,

3-5-flowered ; main peduncle - 5 to 1 in. long, secondary peduncles

about '5 in. with lanceolate leafy recurved bracts ; pedicels about "4 in.

long, thickened above, glandular ; bracteoles ovate, deciduous ; flowers

red, buds short, conical. Calyx-lobes rounded, - 05 in. in diam., ciliate,

conspicuously dotted with few large, transparent, light brown glands ;

tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, '15 to '2 in. long, unequal in

size, and oblique ; tube very short, dots very few. Stame?is a little

shorter than the corolla-lobes ; anthers large, ovate-acute ; filaments

very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, attenuated into a -1 in. long style.

Berry round, smooth, somewhat depressed, tipped by the persistent

style. Wall. Cat. 2269 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 130 ; Clarke in Hook. f.

FI. Br. Ind. III. 521 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 117. A. punctata, Jack ;

134

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Eoxb. PI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275 ( not of Lindl.). A. punctulosa,

D. Dietr. Syn. PI. I. 615; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 1025.

Penang : Jack ; Wallich 2269 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1020 ; Curtis 1769.

19. Akdisia sumatbana, Miq. PI. Jungh. I. 195 (1853), PI. Ind.

Bat. II. 1018, and Suppl. 247. A large shrub or small tree, reaching 15 to

20 feet in height and 3 to 4 in. in diam. of stem ; branches pale brown,

smooth ; branchlets minutely ferruginous- scaly. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic-oblong or -obovate, rather suddenly acute at apex, acute or cuneate

at base ; entire, glabrous ; glands large, frequent near the margin ; 3 to 6

in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, prominent beneath, im-

pressed above ; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, irregularly spaced, starting

at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along

the margin ; secondary nerves and innovations indistinct ; petiole -3 to

•5 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent, often erose, margins of

the blade. Inflorescence a compact, shortly pyramidal, 3 to 4 in. long,

squarrosely bipinnate panicle ; common peduncle none or scarcely -5 in.

long; bracts minute, triangular; branch peduncles '7 to 1 in. long,

minutely ferruginous-scaly as is the rachis ; pedicels -2 to -3 in. long,

slender ; buds ovoid, conical ; flowers waxy-white, pedicels and rachis

pink. Calyx-lobes orbicular, -1 in broad, ciliate, with searious margins,

much overlapping ; glandular dots very few, scattered. Corolla-lobes

shortly connate, ovate, acute, much twisted, ‘15 in. long ; margins thin,

denticulate ; glands few, large and brown. Stamens about two-thirds

the length of the corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate-acute, - 1 in. long, a few

large black glands on the back. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style subulate,

•15 in. long. Berry bright red at first afterwards black, globcse, shining,

•2 in. in diam., smooth, faintly striate. Seheff. Myrs. 84 ; Koord. &

Val. Bijdr. V. 268; Mez Monog. Myrs. 121.

Pebak : King’s Collector 771, 5639, 10836. — Distbib. Sumatra,

Beccari 325, 724 ; Forbes 2083 &e. ; Java.

20. Ardisia lanceolata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), FI. Ind. 1. 583,

and PI. Iud. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275. A large glabrous shrub or small

tree, reaching 15 to 25 feet in height ; branches cylindric, pale, smooth ;

branchlets sometimes fugaciously ferruginous-scaly. Leaves coriaceous ;

elliptic-oblong or -obovate, shortly acuminate at apex, long-cuneate

at base ; entire or sometimes slightly crenate near the apex ; glabrous

on both surfaces ; glandular dots large scattered, more numerous near

the margins ; 6 to 11 in. long, 2 to 3'5 in. broad ; midrib prominent

beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, oblique, starting at

an angle of about 50° with the midrib, and at first more or less parallel,

then arching upwards to join in an irregular intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves similar but shorter, reticulations scarcely prominent,

135

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

irregular ; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long, winged by the decurrent blade, the

wings overlapping. Inflorescence a spreading, terminal or sometimes

sub-axillary, panicle, 4 to 6 in. long ; rachis flexuose, angular or

flattened ; branches stout, flattened, swollen at base, bearing corymbose

racemes of about 7-8 flowers ; pedicels -6 to 1 in. long, stout, narrowly

clavate, striate, minutely ferruginous-pubescent ; bracteoles small,

obtuse, deciduous. Calyx-lobes orbicular, -2 in. in diam., enlarged and

spreading in fruit, glabrous or slightly pubescent ; margins scarious

and fimbriate-ciliate, base thickened ; glandular dots many, prominent ;

tube short. Corolla ovate acuminate, pink, much twisted in bud, -35 in.

long, of which one-third tube ; lobes unequal in size, oblique, dots not

prominent. Stamens large, shorter than corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate

acute, dehiscing longitudinally, back with few large usually oblong

prominent black glands. Ovary globose ; style -1 to '2 in. long,

subulate, twisted. Berry globose, depressed, smooth, -25 to - 3 in. in

diam., black when dry. Wall. Cat. 2292; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 126;

Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1025 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 519 ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 122. A. speciosa, Bl. Bijdr. 684; A. DC. l.c. 133;

Miq. in PI. Jungh. I. 197 and FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1022; Scheff. Myrs. 88;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 123. A. purpurea , Beinw. ; Bl. Bijdr. 684; A. DC.

l.c. 129; Miq. in PI. Jungh. I. 197 and FI. Ind. Bat. 1026; Scheff.

Myrs. 88; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 265. A. Hasseltii, Blume; Schell.

Myrs. 86 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 123. A. mucronata, Bl. Bijdr. 685;

A. DC. l.c. 126 ; Scheff. Myrs. 83 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V.269 ; Mez

Monog. Myrs. 123. A. Leschenaultii, DC. l.c. 133; Miq. PI. Jungh. I.

197 and FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1022 ; Scheff. Myrs. 89. A. plagioneura,

Scheff. Myrs. 85 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 268.

Penang : Roxburgh ; Curtis 2755. Perak : Scortechini 1824 ;

Wray 192, 1401, 2480, 2863, 3659 ; King’s Collector 2954, 3200, 4528,

4785, 6586, 6785, 8730, 10049. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3569, 3579 ;

Derry 512, 1117. Johoke : Lake & Kelsall 4033. Singapore :

Major McNair; Cantley 133; Ridley 6136, 6436. — Distbib. Java,

Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes.

21. Ardisia littoralis, Andr. Bepos. X. t. 630 (1811). A glabrous

shrub of succulent character, reaching 8 to 10 feet in height ; branches

thick, rounded ; buds lanceolate. Leaves succulent-coriaceous ; obovate

or oblong-obovate, rounded or bluntly acute or almost lanceolate at

apex, cuneate at base ; entire ; glandular dots many, scattered, incon-

spicuous ; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2'5 in. broad ; midrib prominent ; main-

nerves invisible in the fresh plant, obscure when dry, irregular, 13 to

18 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved upwards to

and along the margin ; secondary nerves similar, slender, reticulations

136

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

obscure ; petiole - 3 in. long, thick, winged by the decurrent margins of

the blade, which are often erose or wrinkled. Inflorescence of axillary

umbellate racemes of about 8 flowers each, racemes shorter than the

leaves, about 2 in. long ; common peduncle about 1 in. long, usually

recurved ; pedicels -3 in. long, enlarged in fruit to -5 in. and then

clavate thickened ; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, deciduous ; flowers rose-

coloured, buds conica -4 in. long. Calyx-lobes orbicular, -1 in. in

diam., ciliate, edges somewhat scarious, elsewhere thickly dotted

with black glands, tube rather longer than lobes. Coi'olla-lobes ovate

acuminate, oblique, unequal, lineolate and much gland-dotted, -3 in.

long ; tube short. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers

ovate, acute, united in a cone, opening longitudinally and obscurely

septate in the cells ; filaments short, on broad bases confluent into a

ring adherent to the corolla-lobes. Ovary sub-globose, ending in a

subulate style -3 in. long. Berry globose, depressed, -2 in. in diam.,

smooth, bright red, turning purplish-black when ripe; black glands

many, small. Kurz For. FI. II, 110 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. II.

226. A. obovata, Bl. Bijdr. 688 ; DC. Prod. VIII. 132. A. humilis,

Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 529 (not of Vahl. and in part only) ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 127, fig. 20, A-B. A. umbellata, Boxb. Hort.

Beng. 16 ; FI. Ind. I. 582 ; FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 273 ; Lodd.

Bot. Cat. t. 531. A. solanacea, Wall. Cat. 2283a (part), 2283d (not

of Boxb.). A. polycephala, Wight 111. Ind. Bot. t. 145 (not of Wall.).

Climacandra obovata, Miq. PI. Jungh. I. 199, FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1030 ;

Seheff. Myrs. 05 ; Koord & Val. Bijdr. V. 271. C. littoralis, Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. II. 68.

Penang : Curtis 217 ; Phillips. Perak : Wray 1866, 2373 ; Scor-

techini 1053 ; King's Collector 4960. Malacca : Griffith ; Maingay

(K.D.) 1010 ; Hervey. Kelantan : Bidley. Pahang : Ridley 1638.

Singapobe : Hullett 331, 649 ; Cantley 153. — Distrib. Malay Islands

and eastwards to South China and the Philippines ; westwards to

Ceylon (C.P. 1803) and Travancore (Wight 1767).

Climacandra multiflora, Miq., and C. salicifolia, Miq., are probably only varieties of

this species, which seems to be a coast shrub only.

22. Ardisia Kunstleri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small

tree, usually 6 to 10 feet high, rising sometimes to 20 feet, and with a

stem about 2 to 3 in. in diam. ; branchlets thick, dark brown, uppermost

and innovations rusty-pubescent; leaf-buds lanceolate. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous ; elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex,

cuneate at base ; minutely pubescent or scaly on both surfaces, after-

wards glabrate ; entire or obscurely undulate-crenate on the margins

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 137

which are somewhat reflexed ; glandular dots many, prominent in the

areolations of the leaves and along the margins ; 8 to 15 in. long, 2'5 to

5 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs, irregularly

spaced, starting at an angle of about 65° with the midrib, at first

straight then curving upwards to and along the margin where they

anastomose ; secondary nerves usually one between each pair of main-

nerves, reticulations oblique, all raised on the lower surface when dry ;

petiole 1 to 2-5 in. long, sometimes shorter, thick, channelled above by

the decurrent margins of the blade, which are connivent. Inflorescence

lateral or axillary, a -5 to -7 in. long eorymbiform minutely pubescent

raceme of about 18 to 22 flowers, on a thick flattened peduncle 2 to 4 in.

long ; bracts small, lanceolate, very early caducous ; pedicels slender,

clavate, - 7 to 1 in. long, curved upwards in flower downwards in fruit ;

buds ovoid, '25 in. long. Calyx-lobes orbicular, -1 in. long, margins

scarious ciliate, covered with many black glandular dots ; tube shorter

than lobes, minutely pubescent without. Corolla-lobes dark blue without,

pink within, ovate, acute, - 2 in. long, minutely ciliate, prominently dotted,

tube -05 in. long. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes ; filaments very

short; anthers ovate acuminate, the connective studded on the back

with prominent black glands in 2 rows. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style

slender, -15 in. long. Berry globose, blueish-black, -3 in. in diam.,

faintly striate when dry.

Perak : King’s Collector 2207, 2970, 3060, 3264, 4071, 4110, 6486 ;

Ridley 9530.

This species is distinguished by its large elliptic leaves, comparatively small flowers,

and large fruits, but comes in some respects near to A. oxyphylla and in others to

A. solanacea, and to A. poly cephala, Wall.

23. Ardisia solanacea, Eoxb. Cor. PI. 27. t. 27 (1795), Hort. Beng.

16, FI. Ind. I. 580, and FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 269. A large

shrub, reaching 6 to 8 feet in height ; bark ash-coloured, branches stout,

glabrous, grey, somewhat angular, buds lanceolate. Leaves coriaceous ;

oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous,

entire ; glandular dots many scattered in the areolations of the

nerves and especially near the margin ; 6 to 10 in. long, 2 to 3-5 in.

broad ; midrib slender, somewhat impressed above ; main-nerves 12

to 20 pairs, unequally spaced, leaving the midrib at an angle of about

60°, at first straight but soon curving upwards to and along the margin

and then anastomosing ; secondary nerves many, rather prominent as

are the reticulations ; petiole stout, - 5 to - 8 in. long, channelled above by

the decurrent and often connivent margins of the blade. Inflorescence

of pedunculate eorymbiform racemes, bearing 10 to 16 flowers, from the

138

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

axils of the upper leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, 2 to 4 in. long ;

peduncle 1 to 2'5 in. long, stout, flattened above as is the very short rachis

of the raceme; bracteoles concave, thin, prominently gland-dotted; pedi-

cels '7 to 1 in. long, more or less clavate, slender at first, thicker in fruit ;

buds conical, -4 in. long. Calyx-lobes orbicular, ciliate, scarious on the

margins, '15 to '2 in. long, prominently black-gland-dotted ; tube nearly

equal to lobes. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, rounded, -3 to -35 in. long,

prominently gland-dotted, minutely ciliate on the margins, otherwise

glabrous ; tube extremely short. Starnens about two-thirds the length of

the corolla-lobes ; filaments short, stout, conical ; anthers ovate-sagit-

tate, -2 in. long, acute, apiculate, the back of the connective studded

with prominent large black glands in a double row. Ovary ovoid,

glabrous; style slender, -25 in. long. Berry globose, dark blue or black,

•3 in. in diam. Willd. Sp. PI. I. 1063 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1677 ; Wall. Cat.

2283 A-K ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 132, fig. 20 F-K ; Cooke Bomb. FI. II.

86. A. humilis, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 118 (not of Vahl);

Wight Ic. t. 1212 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. PI. 137 ; Clarke in Hook. f.

FI. Br. Ind. III. 529 [in ■part) ; Brandis For. FI. 287 ; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. XLVI. II. 226, and For. FI. II. 100 ; Prain Beng. PI. 645.

.1. elliptica, Bedd. FI. Sylv. p. CXXXVIII. ( not o/Thunb.).

Perak: Wray 1900, 3000 ; King’s Collector 6011. — Distrib. India,

Burma.

Var. elata, King & Gamble. A small tree reaching 25 to 35 feet in

height, and 6 to 8 in. in diam. Leaves thinner, oblong-lanceolate ;

main-nerves less prominent than in the type. Inflorescence with rather

longer stouter peduncles and more numerous flowers. Berry slightly

larger.

Perak : Scortechini 679 ; King’s Collector 4717, 5770.

This variety is scarcely worthy of being classed as such, but, at any rate in the

herbarium, the specimens are easily separable.

24. Ardisia lurida, Blume Bijdr. 687 (1826). A large shrub, reaching

20 feet in height and 3 to 4 in. in diam. of stem ; branchlets thick, glabrous,

as are the lanceolate acuminate leaf-buds. Leaves entire, coriaceous ;

lanceolate- or sub-obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, gradually

cuneate at base ; glabrous and dark green above, pale and ferruginous-

brown beneath ; glands many, regularly scattered in the areoles of the

net venation; 5 to 10 in. long, 1-5 to 2'5 in. broad; midrib prominent;

main-nerves 16 to 20 pairs, slender, irregular, starting at about 60° with

the midrib, parallel at first and then arched up to and along the margin

where they meet ; secondary nerves similar, reticulations obscure ;

petiole -4 to -7 in. long, winged by the decurrent edges of the blade, the

139

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

wings connivent above when dry. Inflorescence a short (2 to 3 in. long),

axillary, few-flowered, sub-umbellate, minutely ferruginous-pubescent,

peduncled raceme ; peduncles 1 to P5 in. long, flattened ; pedicels - 4 to

•6 in. in flower, longer in fruit and then clavate; flowers large, waxy,

pinkish-white ; buds rounded, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-orbi-

cular, emarginate, scarious and ciliate at the edges, puberulous outside,

•2 in. in diam., glandular dots conspicuous, of various sizes, black

and brown mixed ; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, obtuse, oblique,

concave and keeled, -4 in. long, -2 in. broad, glandular dots and lineoles

prominent, tube very short. Stamens two-thirds as long as petals ;

anthers hastate, mucronate, opening by longitudinal slits, prominently

dotted on the back with large black glands. Ovary rounded, ending in

a short subulate style. Berry globose, apiculate, -4 in. in diam.,

smooth, gland-dotted. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 130 ; Miq. El. Ind. Bat. II.

1019 ; Scheff. Myrs. 71 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 245 ; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 130.

Perak: Ridley 7172, 10319. — Distrib. Java.

25. Ardisia oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 2291 (1829). A shrub; branchlets

rounded, smooth ; buds narrowly lanceolate, glabrous. Leaves charta-

ceous ; elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, acutely narrowed

at base, entire ; glabrous above, glabrous beneath except for a few

minute scales ; glandular dots many, especially near the margin ; 3 to

7 in. long, 1 to 25 in. broad ; midrib slender, prominent ; main-nerves

about 16 pairs, irregular, usually at about an angle of 60° with the

midrib, more or less parallel at first, then arching nearly to the margin ;

secondary nerves slender, like the main-nerves, reticulations irregular ;

petiole - 4 to '7 in. long, winged by the deeurrent margins of the blade.

Inflorescence an axillary, long-peduncled, short, few-flowered (5 to 8)

subumbellate raceme, about 2 to 4 in. long ; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long,

angular when dry; pedicels - 4 in. long, - 7 in. in fruit, slender; buds

rounded, - 3 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-rotundate, obtuse, T in. in

diam., ciliate on the scarious edges, prominently dotted with numerous

black and brown glands ; tube short. Corolla-lobes broadly ovate,

sub-acute or obtuse, oblique, '25 to - 3 in. long, prominently dotted

with many black or brown round glands and fewer elongate lineolate

ones. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes, almost quite sessile ;

anthers sagittate, long-acute, the connective prominently marked on

the back with large black conspicuous glands. Ovary rounded, ending

in a short '15 in. long style, glabrous. Berry globose, '3 in. in diam.,

fleshy, smooth. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 120, Prod. VIII.

130 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 528 variety excepted ; Stapf

in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. IV. 204 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 131.

140

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Penang: Wallich 2291 ; Curtis 668 ; Ridley 7093. Perak: King's

Collector 5624, 5913, 5929, 6185, 8218, 10504. Province Wellesley:

Ridley 6953. — Distrib. Andamans or Tenasserim, Heifer (K.D.) 3571,

3585 ; Borneo.

26. Ardisia Scortechinii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching

40 to 50 feet in height and 8 to 12 in. in diam. ; branchlets round, dark

brown, lentieellate, leaf-buds acuminate. Leaves entire, coriaceous ;

obovate, acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous, margins incurved;

glandular dots many, obscure; 5 to 7 in. long, P5 to 2 in. broad; midrib

prominent slender ; main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, very oblique, at about

30° to the midrib, curved upwards and joining parallel to the margin ;

secondary nerves similar but more slender, reticulations curved,

surrounding the dots ; petiole ‘4 in., rather broadly edged by the

decurrent margins of the blade, which are nearly connivent above ;

stipules leafy, more or less persistent. Inflorescence 2 in. long, of short

axillary peduncled, umbellate racemes 8-12-flowered, in the axils of

short leafy bracts; peduncles thick, about 1 in. long, flattened ; pedicels

•5 in., thickened and longer in fruit ; bracteoles ovate, acute, boat-shaped,

deflexed, persistent; flowers reddish-pink. Calyx-lobes orbicular, obtuse,

■2 to '25 in. long, emarginate, ciliate, scarious on the edges, with many

parallel veins and many prominent round or oblong mixed black and

brown glandular dots ; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, oblique,

•35 in. long, unequal, with very few dots, some round some lineolate,

tube very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes ; anthers long

acuminate, villous on the connective on both sides, back marked with

large black glands ; filaments short, very thick. Ovary ovoid, sur-

mounted by the conical, subulate, -2 in. long, glabrous style. Berry

globose, smooth, -3 in. in diam., bluish black.

Perak : Scortechini ; King’s Collector 4662, 4672 — on rich soil, in

dense jungle, up to 800 feet.

27. Ardisia pendula, Mez Monog. Myrs. 125 (1901). Apparently a

shrub ; branchlets thick, glabrous below, ferruginous-pubescent at the

extremities, leaf-buds lanceolate, ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves charta-

ceous ; elliptic lanceolate, long acute at apex, cuneate at base ; entire but

sometimes very faintly crenate near the apex ; glabrous above, glabrous

or slightly ferruginous-pubescent beneath; glandular dots scattered,

more numerous and prominent near the margins ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1'5 to

2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular,

starting from the midrib at about an angle of 60°, then arching upwards

and joining near the margin ; secondary nerves slender, minor nerves

reticulate ; petiole ’3 to -5 in. long, winged by the decurrent edges of the

blade. Inflorescence of 3 to 5 in. long axillary peduncled ferruginous-

141

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pubescent racemes ; peduncles about 2 in., pedicels '4 to '5 in. long,

curved. Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, with many glandular dots, '1 in.

long ; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate-elliptic, rounded, much gland-

dotted. Stamens shorter than the petals ; anthers acute, dotted on the

back ; filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Berry globose, black

when dry, '25 in. in diam., much gland-dotted. A. attenuatu, Miq. FI.

Ind. Bat. II. 1020 and Suppl. I. 575 ( not of Wall.) ; Scheff. Myrs.

68. A. reclinata, Blume ; Scheff. l.c.

Malacca : Goodenough 1295. — Distrib. J ava, Sumatra. A poor

specimen only available.

28. Ardisia Hullettii, Mez Monog. Myrs. 130 (1901). Apparently

a shrub; branchlets light brown, round, smooth; leaf-buds lanceolate,

glabrous, black. Leaves membranous ; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at

apex, acuminately narrowed at base ; entire, glabrous on both surfaces ,

glands light-brown, large, in the areoles of beautifully netted venation ,

4 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender ; impressed above ;

main-nerves many, slender, irregular, 20 to 24 pairs, parallel at first

and then arching upwards and joining in a narrow intramarginal ring ;

secondary nerves many, like the main-nerves, reticulations numerous ,

petiole -4 in. long, slender, only very narrowly winged. Inflorescence

an axillary, short, few- (1-5) flowered, glabrous, umbellate raceme,

peduncle '5 to -7 in. long; pedicels -5 in. long, recurved, more or less

clavate; buds conical, '3 to - 4 in. long. Calyx-lobes scarcely overlapping,

ovate-orbicular, ciliate, "1 to '15 in. long, minutely gland-dotted , tube

short. Corolla-lobes ovate- acuminate, upper edges incurved, oblique,

unequal, many-nerved, sparsely black-gland-dotted ; tube very short.

Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes ; anthers oblong, mucio-

nate, with 2 lines of prominent black glands on the back ; filaments

short, spreading at base. Ovary ovoid, thick, glabrous; style short,

subulate. Berry brown, smooth, globose, '2 in. in diam., seed white-

ringed at base.

Malacca; on Mount Ophir, Hullett 769, 778.

29. Ardisia oblongifolia, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub ; branch-

lets brown, glabrous, with faint decurrent raised lines from either side of

the insertion of the leaf-petioles ; leaf-buds lanceolate acuminate. Leaves

chartaceous ; oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous, entire ;

glandular dots scattered but not prominent except near the margins

which are reflexed ; 7 to 10 in. long, 2 to 2'5 in. broad ; midrib prominent,

impressed above ; main-nerves 22 to 26 pairs, starting at an angle of

nearly 80° from the midrib, at first straight and near the margin curving

upwards to and along it; secondary nerves many, usually at least 1 to 2

between each pair of main-nerves, 'reticulations in an elegant network ;

142

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

petiole rather slender, -8 to 1 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence an axillary corymbose raceme of

about 8 flowers and about '5 in. long on a 1-5 to 2 in. long flattened

peduncle; pedicels '75 in. long, clavate. Calyx-lobes orbicular, ciliate,

gland-dotted, about - 1 in. long ; tube as long : rest of flowers unknown.

Berry globose, • 2 in. long, glandular-dotted.

Perak : at 1,000 feet, Wray 3797.

30. Ardisia tetrasepala, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub ;

branchlets slender, pale brown, with indistinct raised lines from the

sides of the leaf-petioles, sinuate, slightly scaly above. Leaves char-

taceous ; elliptic or elliptic-ovate, gradually acuminate at apex, rounded

at base ; glabrous above, pale brown when dry, very slightly pubescent

on and near the midrib beneath ; glandular dots many scattered, promi-

nently raised on the upper surface, margins slightly recurved ; 4'5 to

6-5 in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in. broad; midrib prominent below; main-nerves

about 16 to 20, irregularly spaced, starting at an angle of 60° from the

midrib, curved upwards, dividing and anastomosing with the secondary

nerves in a marginal network, all raised beneath ; petiole -2 to -3 in.

long, channelled above. Inflorescence a pseudo-terminal subumbellate

8-12-flowered scarcely -2 in. long raceme in the axil of the uppermost

leaf ; peduncle about - 5 in. long, pedicels slender, about '5 in. long.

Calyx-lobes 4, ovate-orbicular, ciliate, gland-dotted, about -1 in. long,

reflexed in fruit : rest of flower unknown. Berry globose, '25 in. in

diam., black when dry and prominently dotted with oblong glands.

Johore : at Jaffaria and Gunong Palai, 1,500 feet, G. King.

We place this species in Tunis instead of in Tinopsis because not only does the

inflorescence seem to be only apparently terminal but its sub-umbellately racemose

character seems to approximate more nearly to that of the former section.

31. Ardisia biflora, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub, 4 to

8 feet high ; branches smooth, pale brown ; branchlets divaricate,

slender. Leaves ehartaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both apex

and base ; glabrous ; entire or very faintly crenulate ; glandular dots

many, black, large, in the areoles of the reticulations ; 3 to 5 in. long,

■75 to 1‘5 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, at an

angle of about 55° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the

margin where they meet in a wavy intramarginal nerve ; secondary

nerves many, reticulations irregular ; petiole slender, ■ 2 to -5 in. long,

sometimes longer. Inflorescence a lateral, 2-flowered, pedunculate umbel,

l - 5 in. long; peduncle and pedicels each '75 in. long, slender. Calyx-

lobes ovate, scarious and ciliate on the margins, prominently gland-

dotted, '05 in. long ; tube as long : rest of flower unknown. Berry

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 143

black, globose, -25 in. in diam., ribbed and prominently gland-

dotted.

Perak : in dense jungle on limestone hills at 300 to 800 feet, King’s

Collector 4296, 4711 ; Wray 3343. It is very near A. paupera, Mez, of

Sumatra, but the long slender peduncle and pedicels distinguish it.

A specimen collected by Scortechini (without number) has similar leaves, but the

inflorescence is pseudo-terminal and branched, with more than 2 flowers and very short

pedicels.

Ridley’s No. 2670 from Pahang seems to be Ardisia rhyncophylla, Clarke, but the

specimen is imperfect, and we hesitate to describe it as a Malay plant.

32. Ardisia tahanica, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub (?) ; branch-

lets brown, shining, somewhat flattened ; innovations scaly and hirsute,

leaf-buds ferruginous-pubescent, lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous ; linear-

lanceolate, acuminate at both ends ; glabrous above, scaly beneath and

slightly pubescent along the midrib ; margins entire, recurved ; glandu-

lar dots numerous, scattered, conspicuous on the under surface ; 4 to

6 in. long, '7 to -9 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves obscure,

about 12 pairs, starting at a very oblique angle and curving upwards

to and along the margin; secondary nerves similar, reticulations

obscure ; petiole slender, - 4 to - 6 in. long. Inflorescence an umbellate

peduncled raceme, l - 5 to 2 in. long, from the axils of some of the upper

leaves ; peduncle slender, - 7 to 1‘2 in. long ; flowers about 5-8, pedicels

slender, ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes semi-orbicular, scarious and ciliate on

the margins, rusty-pubescent on the back and with many glandular

dots, '05 in. long ; tube as long as lobes : rest of flower not seen.

Berry globose, depressed, - 2 in. in diam., prominently striate.

Pahang : Ridley 2669, in Tahan woods.

Goodenough No. 10552, from Selangor, is also possibly the same species, but the

leaves reach 1*5 in. in breadth and the peduncle and pedicels are stouter.

33. Ardisia villosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), PI. Ind. 1. 582, and

PI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 274. A small shrub, reaching 6 to 8 feet

in height ; branchlets rounded, from nearly glabrous to densely ferru-

ginous-pilose, the hairs moniliform. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lan-

ceolate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

more or less distinctly but shallowly erenate, the crenations broad,

margins recurved ; glabrous to minutely rusty-hirsute above, densely

red-villous beneath, especially on the nerves ; glandular dots many,

black, prominent; 4 to 8 in. long, -75 to 2-5 in. broad; midrib pro-

minent ; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, very irregular, slender, obscure,

arching upwards and ending in the crenature-glands ; secondary nerves

similar, meeting the main-nerves, reticulations faint ; petiole - 4 to '8 in.

144

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, rusty-villous. Inflorescence a sessile or short-peduncled, more or

less rusty-villous, umbellate raceme at the end of the main branchlets

or at the ends of long-peduncled axillary 2-leaved branchlets ; bracts

ovate-lanceolate, -1 to -2 in. long, deciduous ; pedicels "3 to ‘4 in. long,

secund ; buds conical. Calyx-lobes pink, linear-oblong or lingulate,

obtuse or slightly acute, -25 to '3 in. long, -075 in. broad, glabrous to

thickly rusty-villous, apex often recurved, glandular lines and dots

scattered ; tube exceedingly short. Corolla-lobes pale pink, ovate-acute

or -acuminate, -25 to -3 in. long, prominently dotted with round or

oblong glands, much twisted in bud ; tube short. Stamens shorter

than the petals, - 2 in. long ; anthers ovate, acuminate, dehiscing by

wide pores in the upper half ; filaments very short. Ovary globose,

crowned by a slender '2 in. long style, the base of the style and top of

ovary minutely pubescent. Berry globose, ‘25 in. in diam., bright red,

sparingly pubescent. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 136; Wall. Cat. 2280a ; Miq.

PI. Jungh. 191, PL Ind. Bat. II. 1017 ; Scheff. Myrs. 90 ; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii . 227 and Por. FI. II. 113 ; Clarke in Hook,

f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 525 var. excepted ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 253.

A. vestita, Wall, in Eoxb. PI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 274 ; A. DC.

l.c. ; Miq. l.c. ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 141. A. mollis, Bl. Bijdr. 689.

A. tavoyana, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 125.

Penang : Maingay (K.D.) 1011 ; Ridley 9357 ; Curtis 1597.

Perak : Scortechini 638 ; Wray 151, 862, 2967, 3149 ; King's Collector

1819, 3138, 6104, 6448, 7915, 10052. Pahang: Ridley 2176.

Selangor : Ridley 1558 ; Curtis. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3588 ;

Hervey ; Ridley ; Cuming 2390. Singapore : Ridley, 2833, '2816. —

Distrib. Burma, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and eastwards to Tonkin

and Hainan.

Var. glabrata, Kurz l.c. Leaves, at least when full grown, glabrous.

Calyx glabrous or nearly so. Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IV.

204. A. glabrata, Bl. Bijdr. 692; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 136; Miq. PI.

Ind. Bat. II. 1022.

Perak : Ridley 2899; Wray 2801, 3414; King’s Collector 949, 4612,

6188, 6255, 7696 ; Scortechini 315. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra,

Borneo.

Ridley’s 5510 from Kedah seems to be a form of this with smaller leaves and

shorter ealyx-lobes, but can hardly be separated as a second variety.

34. Ardisia VIRENS, Kurz Por. PI. II. 575 (1877), and Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 226. A small glabrous shrub ; branchlets slender,

pale, somewhat compressed and twisted. Leaves membranous, oblong

or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; faintly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 145

erisped-crenulate with large glands in the crenulations ; pale and glab-

rous on both surfaces ; glandular dots scattered, in the areoles of

the reticulations; 4 to 6 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib promi-

nent, somewhat impressed above ; main-nerves about 12 to 14 pairs,

irregular and irregularly spaced, usually starting at an angle of about

60° with the midrib, at first straight, branching and joining in an

intramarginal nerve close to the margin and passing through the

crenature glands ; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations many,

curved ; petiole -4 to -6 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins

of the blade. Inflorescence an almost sessile terminal corymb, com-

posed of long-peduncled sub-umbellate racemes ; peduncles 1 to 1-5 in. ;

pedicels ■ 5 to -8 in. long ; buds conical -25 in. long. Calyx-lobes oblong,

obtuse, thin, -075 in. long, conspicuously dark-brown-gland-dotted; tube

short. Corolla-lobes ovate, bluntly acuminate, oblique, unequal, con-

spicuously marked by few dark brown lines and dots, -3 in. long ; tube

very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes, - 2 in. long, obtusely

hastate ; anthers opening by broad longitudinal slits, conspicuously

black-gland-dotted on back ; filaments short. Ovary rounded, style

slender, -2 in. long. Berry globose, pale, somewhat depressed, -3 to

•4 in. in diam., conspicuously marked with round or oblong purple

dots, somewhat fleshy. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 524; Stapf

in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IV. 203 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 147.

Perak : Wray 1444 at 2,000 feet. — Distrib. Assam, Cacbar,

Manipur, Yunnan, Borneo.

35. Ardisia Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A single-stemmed

treelet or shrub reaching 5 feet in height, but usually smaller ; upper

part of stem -25 in. thick, brown, with spongy bark and scurfy scales ;

leaf-buds glabrous, lanceolate-acuminate. Leaves membranous ; oblong-

lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, long cuneate at base ; margins re-

curved ; somewhat scaly on both surfaces, scurfy along the midrib

beneath ; glandular dots prominent scattered ; broadly crenate, the crena-

tures shallow with large glands ; deep green above, red or purple beneath ;

6 to 10 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves

12 to 20 pairs, irregular in angle and distance, curving upwards to and

along the margin where they or their branches end in the glands of the

crenatures ; secondary nerves few, reticulations many scarcely pro-

minent ; petiole '7 to 1'3 in. long, somewhat flattened, bordered by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of glabrous sub-umbellate

racemes from the axils of the uppermost leaves, usually crowded so as

to present almost the appearance of a terminal cluster ; peduncles

usually '5 in. long, occasionally shorter but often longer, even up to

2 in., flattened ; racemes very short, much marked by the scars of very

146

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

caducous braeteoles ; flowers 8 to 12 ; pedicels slender below, flattened

above, twisted and curved, -3 to -4 in. long ; buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes

ovate, acute, -1 in. long, prominently black-gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes

waxy, reddish or purple, ovate, '15 to - 2 in. long, sparsely gland-dotted.

Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes ; filaments very short, thick ;

anthers ovate, acute, connective much gland-dotted on back. Ovary

rounded ; style short, slender, glabrous. Berry globose, red, rugose,

•3 in. in diatn., prominently gland-dotted when dry.

Perak: Wray 438, 2795, 3280, 4051; Scortechini 418; King’s

Collector 1888, 3631, 6938, 7514, in dense jungle on rich soil, both in

low-level localities and up to 4,000 feet in the mountains ; one specimen,

rather more slender, thinner and more glabrous, from the top of rocks

(K.C. 7514).

K.C. No. 6938 from mountains at 3,000 to 4,000 feet, has the main-nerves nearly at

right angles to the midrib, while other specimens have it at 60° or even 45° ; these are,

however, intermediate, and all that can be said is that the character is a variable one.

The species seems to resemble the A. macrocarpa, Wall., of Northern India, in its habit

of growth.

36. Ardisia minor, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a short

(12 to 18 in. high) treelet or undershrub ; lower part of stem with side

rootlets ; stem • 2 to ‘25 in. thick, rusty-pubescent, dark brown. Leaves

coriaceous ; elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or

cuueate at base often unequally ; margins recurved, very shallowly

crenate, the crenatures with large prominent glands ; glabrous on both

surfaces but somewhat scaly ; 5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib

slender ; main-nerves about 15 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50°

with the midrib, and thence straight to the margin where they or their

branches end in the crenature glands ; secondary nerves similar to the

main-nerves, reticulations oblique, all raised beneath when dry ; petiole

thick, rugose, rusty-pubescent, - 7 to 1 in. long, winged by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence of very short, rusty-pubescent,

umbellate racemes of about 5 to 6 flowers from the axils of the upper-

most leaves ; peduncle scarcely -2 in. long, thick ; racemes about -2 in.

long ; braeteoles many, ovate or oblong, recurved ; pedicels thick,

•3 to -4 in. long, flattened, recurved. Calyx-lobes ovate acute, -1 to

■15 in. broad, glabrous, prominently gland-dotted, nearly free. Corolla-

lobes ovate acute, - 2 in. long, glabrous, dotted prominently with large

black glands. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes ; filaments very

short, thick ; anthers oblong acuminate, the connective gland-dotted

at the back, -1 in. long. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style - 1 in. long,

subulate. Berry not known.

147

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : Scortechini.

Very near A . Wrayi, but differs especially in the coriaceous leaves and the shorter

and much thicker pedicels.

37. Aedisia pebakensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small bush ;

branchlets pale brown, smooth, wrinkled when dry ; innovations densely

rusty-glandular-pubescent. Leaves membranous ; elliptic-lanceolate,

long acute both at apex and base ; nearly glabrous on both surfaces

but with small peltate scales, young leaves rusty-glandular-pubescent ;

margin slightly recurved, shortly and shallowly crenate or nearly den-

tate except on the lower third and at the apex, glands in the crenatures

present, obscure ; glandular dots absent or very sparse ; 2-5 to 4 in. long,

•75 to 1'25 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves about 16 pairs, rather

irregular in angle and distance, meeting near the margin in an irregularly

looped intramarginal nerve, reticulations many, transverse, all raised

on lower surface ; petiole slender, -2 to '4 in. long, bordered by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of small, 2-3-flowered,

rusty-glandular, pubescent, pedunculate umbels from the axils of upper

leaves or of reduced bract-like leaves ; peduncles '3 in. long ; pedicels

•1 to • 2 in. long ; bracteoles ovate, minute ; buds ovoid, pale pink.

Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acute, minutely pubescent and gland-

dotted, -05 in. long. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, -1 to -15 in. long,

glabrous, sparsely black-gland-dotted. Stamens a little shorter than

corolla-lobes ; filaments almost none ; anthers ovate, acute, - 1 in. long.

Ovary rounded, glabrous; style subulate, '075 in. long. Berry not

known.

Peeak: at 300 feet in Upper Perak, Wray 3462.

38. Aedisia Meziana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A herbaceous under-

shrub, 1 to 2 feet in height, stem 2 in. in diam. ; bark soft, pale brown,

upper parts and innovations rusty-glandular pubescent. Leaves charta-

ceous ; elliptic-obovate, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate

at base ; glabrous above, sparsely glandular-pubescent beneath ; margins

rather narrowly crenate-dentate except in the lower third to half

and at the acumination, recurved, glands in the crenatures obscure ;

glandular dots many, scattered, inconspicuous ; 3 p 5 to 5'5 in. long,

1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, at an

angle of about 60° with the midrib, at first straight afterwards curved

upwards to anastomose near the margin ; secondary nerves few, reticu-

lations oblique, all more or less raised on both surfaces when dry ,

petiole - 3 to -5 in. long, somewhat thickened below, densely rusty-

glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence of very short, sessile, rusty-glandular-

pubescent racemes of about 6 flowers each, in the axils of the leaves all

148

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

down the stem, the racemes - 1 to ’15 in. long; bracteoles ovate, searious,

conspicuously black-gland-dotted and ciliate; pedicels short, -1 to -15 in.

long, stout ; buds ovoid ; flowers waxy-white. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate,

acute, ciliate, hyaline, with conspicuous black dots, ’05 in. long; tube

as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes, ovate, blunt, '1 in. long, conspicuously

black-gland-dotted ; tube very short. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-

lobes ; filaments short, thick ; anthers ovate-lanceolate, long apieulate,

the connective studded on the back with large black glands. Ovary

rounded, style filiform as long as corolla. Berry not seen.

Peeak : on limestone rocks in open jungle at 500 to 800 feet, King’s

Collector 5838.

We have dedicated this well-marked species to C. Mez, whose Monograph of

Mibsinm has done so much for the elucidation of the Natural Order, and whose

study of Ardisia in particular has been of so much help to us.

39. Abdisia Bidleyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender shrub or treelet,

reaching 10 to 15 feet in height and about 1 in. in diam. ; branchlets dark

brown, slender, minutely ferruginous-pubescent ; leaf-buds lanceolate,

densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves membranous ; oblong-lanceo-

late, long acuminate at apex, acuminate or somewhat rounded at base ;

piominently crenate, the crenatures usually regular, margin slightly

recurved ; glabrous on both surfaces ; glandular dots few, scattered ;

4 to 8 in. long, l - 25 to 1'75 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves

about 12 pairs, at irregular angles and spaces, ending in the crenatures

of the margin ; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure'; petiole

2 to - 7 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Inflorescence a 3-6-flowered, sessile, umbellate raceme in the axil of the

uppermost leaf of the branchlets ; raceme about - 2 in. long ; pedicels

slender, -7 to 1-4 in. long, minutely rusty-pubescent; buds ovoid, acute.

Calyx-lobes 5, broadly triangular, acute, - 075 in. long, sparsely black-

gland-dotted, rusty-pubescent. Corolla-lobes broadly ovate, acute,

•15 in. long, glabrous, densely and closely black-gland-dotted. Stamens

a little shorter than the corolla-lobes ; filaments very short, thick ;

anthers oblong, hastate, mucronate, -1 in. long. Ovary rounded,

glabrous, style slender, -05 in. long. Berry dark red, ovoid, apieulate,

sparsely striate and gland-dotted, -25 to -3 in. in. diam.

Peeak : in dense forest at 2,500 .to 4,500 feet, Wray 209 ; King’s

Collector 5019. Selangob: Bidley 8534. Singapoke : Ridley 6434.

Very like A. crenata var. angusta but has broader and thinner leaves, differently

nerved. J

40. Abdisia ckenata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), PL Ind. I. 583,

149

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

and FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 276. An evergreen small glabrous

shrub ; brancblets thick, somewhat fleshy, striate with faint lines

decurrent from the bases of the leaves ; leaf-buds small, conical.

Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or

sub-obtuse at apex, acuminately narrowed at base ; margins cris-

pately crenate with glands in the crenatures, recurved ; glabrous on

both surfaces ; glandular dots scattered in the areoles of minor

nerves, sometimes prominent, often obscure; 2 to 4 in. long, -75

to 1'5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs,

irregular, slender, arching upwards and joining in an intramarginal

nerve close to the margin which passes through the erenature glands ;

secondary nerves similar but fainter, reticulations curved ; petiole

•2 in. long, narrowly winged by the crisped edges of the decurrent blade.

Inflorescence of short, sessile or shortly peduncled, panicled racemes,

springing from the branchlets just below the terminal pair of leaves ;

pedicels -2 to -4 in. long, slender, longer and thicker in fruit, generally

recurved; buds conical, -15 to - 2 in. long; flowers 4- or 5-merous, waxy

pink or white. Calyx-lobes ovate, -05 to - 1 in. long, scarious at the

edges, dotted with black glands in the middle ; tube very short. Corolla-

lobes rose-pink, ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminate, '2 in. long, oblique,

unequal, sparsely dotted with round or elongated glands, sometimes

papillose at the base within. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes ;

anthers ovate-oblong, acute, with few glands on the back ; filaments

very short. Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a twisted subulate slender

style ‘15 in. long. Berry globose, "25 in. in diam., scarlet, succulent,

obscurely striate, crowned by the persistent style. Wall. Cat. 2262 ;

Bot. Mag. t. 1950 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 524 ; Koord. &

Yal. Bijdr. VI. 190. A. glandulosa, Bl. Bijdr. 690 ( not of Eoxb.). A.

crenulata, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 2 ( not of Vent.). A. crispa, A. DC. in

Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 124 and Prod. VIII. 134 ; Scheff. Myrs. 72 ;

Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1020 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii.

226 and For. FI. II. 113 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 144, fig. 22. A. densa and

A. polysticta, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 575, 576. Bladhia crispa,

Thunb. FI. Jap. 97 ; Kaempf. Ic. PI. Jap. t. 7.

Kedah : Ridley 5517. Penang : Wallich 2262 ; Maingay (K.D.)

1009 ; Phillips ; Curtis 337 ; Deschamps ; G. King ; J. Scott. Malacca :

Griffith (K.D.) 3583/1 ; Cuming 2254 ; Hullett 637 ; Derry 944. Perak :

Scortechini ; Wray, 1257; King’s Collector 1337, 4180, 4903, 7847

8706, 10566. Selangor : Ridley 10553. Pahang : Ridley 24 ; Havi-

land. Johore: Fox 11285. — Distrib. Assam, Burma, Sumatra, Java,

Borneo, and eastwards to South China and Japan. Bidley (Trans.

Linn. Soc. III. (1893) 317) says the berries are “ sweet and eatable.”

150

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Var. angusta, Clarke, l.c. Leaves narrowly lanceolate ; flowers in

a simple umbellate raceme, pedicels divaricate, buds obtuse.

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3584.

41. Ardisia rosea, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub reaching

4 to 6 feet in height ; branchlets divaricate, purplish-brown when dry,

glabrous ; buds lanceolate. Leaves membranous ; elliptic, cuspidately

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; broadly crenate with shallow

crenatures and prominent glands, the margin recurved ; glabrous on

both surfaces ; glandular dots extremely numerous, prominent on the

under surface which is paler than the upper when dry ; 2 to 4 in.

long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves obscure, 8 to 12

pairs, iiregular, branching and usually ending in the crenature-glands ;

secondary nerves and reticulations indistinct ; petiole red, slender,

•25 to -5 in. long, bordered by the decurrent crisped margins of the

blade. Inflorescence a corymbiform terminal or pseudo-terminal panicle

of umbellate racemes, the branches divaricate, minutely rusty-pube-

scent ; common peduncle, above the last leaf, short, about -05 in. ;

blanch peduncles slender, - 5 to 1 in. long; pedicels slender, - 2 to '4 in.

long, up to '5 in. long in fruit, flattened in flower ; flowers in each

umbel about 12, usually recurved ; buds ovoid, acute. Calyx-lobes 5,

triangular-ovate, '05 in. long, glabrous, not glandular ; tube as long

as lobes, lobes reflexed in fruit. Corolla-lobes waxy-white tinged

with pink, or pink only, ovate-acuminate, - 2 in. long, much twisted to

the left, not glandular. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes;

filaments slender, -05 in. long ; anthers ovate, blunt, -1 in. long, with

very few glands. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style filiform, -15 in. long.

Beiiy black, globose, - 25 in. in diam., smooth, tipped with the long

slender persistent style.

^ Perak: Wray 32, 402; Scortechini 295, 664; Bidley 5511,

9/20, Kings Collector 3247, 6247, 8057; in dense forests in the

mountains from 3,000 feet elevation to the top of Gunone Batu at

6,700 feet.

42. Ardisia longepedunculata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub ;

branchlets slender, rusty-pubescent, divaricate. Leaves membranous ;

oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, attenuate at base ; crenulate

with shallow glandular crenatures, margin recurved ; glabrous on both

surfaces, pale beneath when dry ; glandular dots many, scattered, pro-

minent on the under surface when dry ; 4 to 6 in. long, 1-25 in. broad ;

midrib slender ; main-nerves 12 to 16 pairs, curved upwards to and

along the margin usually to end in the crenature-glands ; secondary

nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole slender, -5 in. long, bordered

by the decur/ent crisped margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 151

pyramidal panicle of long-peduncled racemes, 5 to 6 in. long and

6 to 9 in. broad, branches and rachis all rusty -pubescent ; common

peduncle about 1 in. long ; branch peduncles 2 to 3 in. long, at right

angles to the rachis and curved upwards ; racemes about -5 in. long,

about 8-flowered; pedicels slender, somewhat clavate, twisted, '5 to 1 in.

long ; bracteoles subulate, caducous ; buds ovoid, acuminate. Calyx-

lobes triangular, blunt, - 05 in. long, rusty-pubescent ; tube as long.

Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, long acuminate, -25 in. long, rusty-pubescent

within, not gland-dotted ; tube very short. Stamens much shorter

than corolla-lobes ; anthers oblong, acute ; filaments very short. Ovary

rounded, style subulate, '25 in. long. Berry purplish-black, globose,

•2 in. in diam.

Perak : at low levels, Wray 296.

43. Ardisia Maingayi, King & Gamble. A “ bush or small tree

(Wray), “ slender tree ” (Scortechini) ; branchlets smooth, bark brown,

pith rather small; innovations glandular - pubescent. Leaves mem-

branous ; sub-opposite or falsely whorled ; elliptic-obovate or obovate-

lanceolate, attenuately or abruptly acuminate at apex, attenuately cuneate

at base ; glabrous on both surfaces except for a few scattered glan-

dular hairs, pale beneath ; margin finely toothed except on the lower

third, the teeth caudate and glandular; 6 to 11 in. long, 2 to 3'5 in.

broad ; midrib slender above, thickened below ; main-nerves 15 to 20

pairs, irregular in angle and distance, but usually at about 50 with the

midrib, straight for about half-way and then curved to and along the

margin ; secondary nerves and reticulations very faint ; petiole none

or very short, the base of the leaf almost half stem-clasping.

Inflorescence of slender, 6 to 8 in. long, sparsely glandular-pubescent,

panicles of long peduncled sub-umbellate racemes, from the axils of

upper leaves, of abortive leaves, or of the scars of fallen leaves

below them ; common peduncle slender, 2 to 3 in. long ; branch

peduncles very slender, divaricate, '5 to 1'5 in. long, supported by

linear subulate '2 to *3 in. long bracts ; racemes *3 to 5 in. long,

8-12-flowered ; bracteoles small, subulate ; pedicels slender, flattened

above ; buds ovoid acute. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, '05 to '1 in.

long, recurved in fruit, minutely pubescent, ciliate on the margins.

Corolla-lobes white, ovate, acute or acuminate, '15 in. long, glabrous,

gland-dotted. Stamens much shorter than corolla-lobes; filaments

short, dilated at base; anthers oblong, bluntly mucronate, '1 in.

long. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style slender, - 05 in. long. Berry

red, -3 in. in diam., longitudinally ribbed when dry. A. odonto-

phylla, Wall., var. Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 526.

Perak: Wray 304, 953, 1597; Scortechini 335, 339, Curtis.

152 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula .

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1016, in the mountains about 4,500 feet and

below.

Although Wray and Scortechini describe this more or less as a “tree,” Maingay’s

specimen is that of a semi-herbaceous undershrub about 24 in. high, sending out roots

from above the ground-level.

44. Ardisia thejefolia, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub

reaching 3 feet in height; branchlets brown, smooth, the uppermost

parts and innovations rusty-glandular-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, long acuminate at apex, acuminate at base ; alternate or sub-

opposite or falsely whorled ; minutely glandular- pubescent on both

sui faces, scaly beneath; margins recurved, finely toothed except on

the lower third and on the acumination, the teeth erect, glandular ; glan-

dular dots very numerous and prominent on both surfaces ; 2 to 3 in. long,

■7 to 1-2 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, close',

curved upwards to near the margin, reticulations obscure ; petiole

•4 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflor-

escence a 1-5 to 2 -5 in. long panicle with short racemose branches in the

axil of a leaf or of a subulate - 2 in. long linear abortive leaf between the

leaves on the upper part of the branches ; branches -5 in. long, slender,

divaricate ; bracteoles minute, linear ; flowers 2 to 5 in each raceme,

buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded, -05 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-lobes

5, white, ovate, acute or obtuse, -15 in. long, gland-dotted. Stamens as

long as corolla-lobes; filaments very short; anthers broadly oblong,

mucionate. Ovaty rounded, gradually produced in an erect or curved

style, -1 in. long. Berry pyriform or nearly globose, '2 in. in diam.,

smooth, slightly ribbed when dry.

Perak : on Ulu Batang Padang at 4,900 feet, Wray 1513 ;

Scortechini.

45. Ardisia odontophylla, Wall. Cat. 2279 (1829) (not of Lindl.) ;

A. DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 125, t. VI., Prod. VIII. 135; Clarke in

Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 525 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 150. A. pavonina,

Herb. Hamilt.jMe DC.in Prod, l.c— Distrib. India(Assam andCachar).

Var. Lobbii, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 526. An almost

herbaceous undershrub reaching to about 2 feet in height, the stems

rooting fi om nodes near the base ; bark fleshy, pale brown ; pith large ;

upper part of stem densely fulvous-villous ; leaf-buds small, short.

Leaves membranous, sub-opposite; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or

obovate-lanceolate, acute at apex, cuneate at base and sometimes

slightly rounded ; the margins sharply serrate except for a short dis-

tance near the base ; glabrous above except on the hirsute midrib, rusty-

tomentose beneath, the midrib and main-nerves usually ferruginous-

153

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

villous on the lower surface; glands scattered, not prominent; 4 to

8 in. long, 1-5 to 3 - 5 in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent ; main-nerves

8 to 12 pairs, prominent, irregular in distance and angle, curving

upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves few, reticulations

transverse ; petiole variable, stout, -4 to 1 in. long, ferruginous-villous,

rarely glabrescent. Inflorescence of short (under 1 in. long) lax, few-

flowered, pubescent, simple or compound, umbellate racemes, from the

axils of leaves below the summit or of a linear subulate abortive leaf

about -5 in. long ; peduncles slender, -5 to 2 in. long ; pedicels slender,

•3 to -7 in. long, recurved; bracteoles short, subulate; buds ovoid.

Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate, -1 in. long, slightly pubescent, marked

with faint brown striae ; tube short. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, obtuse

or bluntly acuminate, -15 to '2 in. long, unequal, marked with many

light brown linear and round glands; tube short. Stamens half the

length of the petals ; anthers broad, oblong, - 1 in. thick, emarginate ;

filaments very stout. Ovary ovoid, gradually narrowed into a slender

subulate style -1 in. long, the top of the ovary and base of the style

short pubescent. Berry globose, scarlet, fleshy, - 25 in. in diam.,

smooth.

Perak : Wray 2285, 2975 ; King’s Collector 2583, 2978, 3053, 7367.

Selangor : Bidley 7560. Pahang : Ridley 2270, 5825. Singapore :

Lobb 316, an undershrub of dense forests in wet localities.

Ridley’s Pahang specimens have smaller leaves and longer calyx-lobes, with fewer-

flowered inflorescences, the whole plant more thickly fulvous-villous, but do not seem

capable of separation.

46. Ardisia bambusetorum, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small semi-

herbaceous shrub 1 to 2 feet high ; stem pale brown about -25 in. in

diam., bark spongy, pith large. Leaves membranous ; oblong or oblong-

lanceolate or obovate-oblong, acute at apex, narrowly attenuate at base

and slightly rounded; glabrous on both surfaces, slightly scaly only

beneath ; glands few, scattered, chiefly near the margin ; margins very

briefly and irregularly toothed, usually recurved ; 4 to 6 in. long,

1 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, starting

at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, curved upwards, and often

branching, to and along the margin, where they anastomose in a rough

intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves few, reticulations oblique ;

petiole - 4 to '6 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of lateral

pedunculate racemes 1 to 1-5 in. long supported by a linear abortive

leaf -5 in. long; peduncle -7 to -8 in. long, raceme the same;

bracteoles small subulate about '1 in. long ; pedicels slender,

clavate, - 4 to ‘5 in. long recurved ; buds ovoid ; flowers white.

154

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx-lobes 5, linear-oblong, acute, reflexed, -05 to -07 in. long, not

gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes ovate-oblong, -15 in. long, dotted with

elongated brown glands. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes;

filaments short ; anthers oblong, obtuse, emarginate, -1 in. long. Ovary

rounded, glabrous ; style slender, curved, '1 in. long. Fruit not seen.

Perak : in dense bamboo forest, King's Collector 10095.

This is scarcely more than a var. of A. odontophylla, but is recognised by the

somewhat different leaves, white flowers, glabrous ovary and style, and the absence of

fulvous tomentum.

6. Antisteophe, A. DC.

Slender shrubs, with puberulous branchlets. Leaves alternate,

entire or dentate, lanceolate, acuminate, glandular, petiole margined.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in sub-sessile axillary umbels or solitary,

pedicels slender, bracts small. Calyx small, 5-lobed, persistent ; lobes

acute, imbricate. Corolla deeply 5-cleft ; lobes lanceolate acuminate,

overlapping to the left in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on the throat of the

corolla; filaments short; anthers free, hastate-lanceolate, the connective

produced upwards in a membranous tip, cells dehiscing longitudinally

and introrsely. Ovary ovoid, attenuated in a filiform style, stigma

punctiform; ovules many on a globose central placenta. Fruit a

globose berry, pericarp coriaceous, endocarp chartaceous. Seed 1,

albumen ruminated ; embryo cylindric, transverse. — Distrib. Species

4, Indian and Malayan.

Inflorescence 1-2-flowered, glabrous ; leaves caudate acuminate .. 1. A. caudata.

Inflorescence 4-6-flowered, hirsute ; leaves short acuminate .. .. 2. A. Curtisii.

1. Antisteophe caudata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or

small tree ; branches smooth, divaricate, nearly glabrous ; branchlets

puberulous, with faint raised lines from the bases of the leaf-petioles ;

innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves membranous ; elliptic-lanceolate,

caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or somewhat rounded at base;

entire or undulate on the margins ; glabrous on the upper, minutely

puberulous or glabrous and with pale peltate scales on the lower, surface ;

glandular dots very many, scattered, prominent ; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to

2 in. broad ; midrib slender, conspicuous below ; main-nerves 8 to 12

pairs, prominent beneath, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,

arching upwards, forking and obscurely anastomosing near the margin,

the lowest pair of nerves more oblique than the rest ; secondary nerves

short, slender, reticulations indistinct; petiole '1 to -2 in. long, edged

by the decurrent margins of the blade which are almost connivent

above. Inflorescence of short, axillary, usually only 1-2-flowered sub-

155

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

sessile umbels, with very minute bracts; pedicels slender, clavate,

■4 in. long; buds conical, long acuminate, '3 in. long, glabrous. Calyx-

lobes ovate, acute, ‘05 in. long, ciliate on the edges, gland-dotted in two

central lines. Corolla-lobes ovate, long-caudate-acuminate, '3 in. long,

glabrous, dotted with few elongate glands. Stamens inserted at the

base of the corolla-lobes and nearly as long as them (-25 in.) ; anthers

sagittate-lanceolate with prominent rows of glands on the back, con-

nective produced upwards in a membranous tip. Ovary ovoid, glabrous;

style subulate, -25 in. long, very slender. Berry globose, -25 in. in

diam., smooth, obscurely vertically striate.

Perak : at Gunong Batu Pateh, 3,400 feet, Wray 456, 978, 3242 ;

Curtis 3324.

This species at first sight resembles A. oxyantha, A. DC., of North-East India, but

has smaller and differently-veined leaves, with different glands and smaller flowers.

2. Antistrophe Curtisii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub (?) ;

branchlets round, rusty-glandular-hirsute, zigzag, with faint raised lines

from the bases of the petioles of the leaves ; innovations densely rusty-

glandular-hirsute. Leaves membranous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acu-

minate at apex, rounded at base, entire ; nearly glabrous above except

on the midrib, sparsely rusty-hirsute beneath ; 3-5 to 5 in. long, 1'5

to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath ; main-nerves about

10 pairs, at about an angle of 50° with the midrib, curved upwards,

forked and broadly anastomosing near the margin, lowest pair not

more oblique than the others; secondary nerves and reticulations

obscure ; petiole -2 in. long, crispedly channelled above. Inflorescence

of densely rusty-hirsute, sub-sessile, axillary, 4-6-flowered, umbellate

racemes, -1 to -15 in. long; bracteoles subulate, -05 in. long; pedicels

slender, -3 to f 5 in. long ; buds caudate-acuminate, '3 in. long. Calyx-

lobes linear subulate, -1 in. long, densely rusty-hirsute. Corolla-lobes

ovate at base, long caudate-acuminate, ‘3 in. long, scarcely dotted,

3-5-nerved, sparsely hirsute without. Stamens rather shorter than the

corolla-lobes, connivent in a cone ; anthers sessile, lanceolate sagittate,

the back with 2 rows of prominent round or elongate glands, the

connective produced in a blunt membranous tip. Ovary ovoid, style

slender, as long as anthers. Berry not seen.

Perak : in Kuran Valley, below the gap, 4,000 feet, Curtis 3390.

7. jEgiceras, Gaertn.

Sea-coast shrubs, or small trees ; branches cylindric, glabrous.

Leaves scattered, petioled, entire, glabrous, alternate. Flowers large

156

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(for the Order) white, pedicellate, without bracteoles, in terminal or

axillary umbels or panicles, pedicels slender. Calyx 5-lobed ; lobes

obtuse, coriaceous, twisted to the left, overlapping to the right ; tube

none. Corolla with short tube ; lobes 5, acute, overlapping to the right

in bud, afterwards recurved. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube ;

filaments elongate, connate into a tube below; anthers with transversely

septate cells, cordate-lanceolate, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally.

Ovary fusiform, narrowed into an elongated style ; stigma acute ;

ovules many, immersed in a central globose placenta. Fruit cylindric,

curved, acute, coriaceous, 1-seeded; pericarp coriaceous, afterwards

splitting, testa membranous. Seed elongate, exalbuminous ; radicle

inferior, enlarged at the base, joined with the cotyledons into a cylindric

tube ; germination often taking place while still on the plant, as in

some Rliizophorece. — Distrib. Two species, of the sea-coasts of

India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Islands, to South China and

tropical Australia.

2Egiceras majus, Gaertn. FrUet. I. 216, t. 46, fig. 1 (1788). A

shrub or small tree reaching 15 to 20 feet in height, evergreen, all

parts glabrous ; branches greyish-black, smooth ; branchlets reddish.

Leaves coriaceous; obovate, rounded obtuse or emarginate at apex

sometimes even obcordate, cuneate at base, margins recurved ; glan-

dular dots many, inconspicuous ; 1-5 to 3-5 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in.

broad ; midrib slender, raised above or sometimes depressed ; main-

nerves about 10 pairs, slender, raised above, straight at first then

curving upwards; secondary nerves slender, few, reticulations not

prominent ; petiole -2 to -3 in. long, thick, bordered by the deeurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal, axillary or leaf-opposed

many- (15 to 20) flowered umbel, sessile or very short peduncled;

bracts oblong-lanceolate, deciduous ; pedicels slender, -3 to -5 in. long ;

buds conical. Calyx-lobes concave, gibbous at the base, broadest at

top, -25 in. long, T5 in. broad, with parallel veins and scattered black

dots in the lower part. Corolla-lobes ovate, acuminate, glabrous,

parallel-veined, -25 in. long, recurved; tube as long as lobes, villous

hairy within. Stamens longer than corolla-lobes, exsert ; filaments

connate half-way up, linear, connate part densely villous, free part

glabrous -2 in. long; anthers -1 to T5 in. long, dorsifixed, cells pro-

minently septate. Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a subulate angular

style, -3 in. long, black-gland-dotted below. Fruit a long acuminate

pale brown capsule, up to 3 in. long, -25 in. in diam., glabrous. Seed 1,

elongate, filling the capsule, embryo inverse, funicle very long. Willd.

Sp. PL I. 1185 ; Eoem. & Schult. Syst. Yeg. IV. 511 ; Roxb. PI. Ind.

III. 130 ; A. DO. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2, XVI. t. 9a, and Prod. VIII.'

157

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

142 ; Wight Icon. t. 146 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1031 ; Scheff. Myra.

97 ; Benth. FI. Austral. IV. 277 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 137 ;

Bedd. FI. Sylv. OXXXIX. Anal. pi. XIX. III. ; Clarke in Hook. f.

FI. Br. Ind. III. 533; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 74; Cooke FI. Bomb.

II. 88; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 276; Pax in Engl. & Prantl

Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 97, fig. 57 ; Schimp. Strandfl. 44, figs. 1, 2 ;

Prain Beng. PI. 645. MU. fragrans, Koenig Ann. of Bot. I. 129,

t. 3 ; Wall. Cat. 2326 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. III. 84, t. 21.

MU. minus, A. DC. l.c. 142. MU. Malaspincea, DC. l.c. 143. MU.

obovatum, Blume Bijdr. 693. MU. corniculatum, Blanco FI. Filip. 79 ;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. II. 227 and For. FI. III. 114 ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 55, fig. 8. Bhizophora corniculata, Linn. Sp. PI.

Ed. 3 (1764), 635. “ Pou-Kandel,” Bheede Hort. Mai. VI. 36. Mangium

fruticosum corniculatum, Rumph. Herb. Amb. III. 117.

Penang : Wallich 2326 ; Curtis 52, 513. Perak : King's Collector

4961. Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1017 ; Griffith (K.D.) 3538. Singa-

pore: Ridley 2801a, 3632a. — Distrib. Sea-coast of India from Sind to

Ceylon, the Sundarbans, Burma, and the Andaman Islands ; eastwards

to the Malay Islands, South China, the Philippines and Australia.

One of the coast plants included under the general name of

“ Mangroves.”

Order LXXI. SAPOTACE^l.

Trees or shrubs, with milky juice, generally evergreen, young parts

often rusty-tomentose. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, coriaceous

or rarely membranous, entire, penniveined ; stipules none or very

caducous. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, small or medium-sized,

solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves, sometimes ( Sarcosperma )

paniculate ; bracts and bracteoles very small or wanting. Calyx

inferior, persistent or deciduous ; lobes 4 to 8, much imbricate,

occasionally biseriate with the outer ones valvate. Corolla gamo-

petalous ; tube short, campanulate or urceolate ; lobes as many as,

or 2 to 4 times as many as, those of the calyx. Stamens inserted

on the corolla-tube in 1 to 2 series and opposite to them, sometimes

alternating with staminodes ; filaments short, erect ; anthers ovate-

lanceolate or linear-sagittate, 2-celled, the connective sometimes pro-

duced. Disk hypogynous, often inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary

superior, sessile, often villous, 2-5- or more celled ; style shortly conical

or elongate-subulate, glabrous ; stigma terminal, punctiform ; ovules

solitary in the cells, attached to the inner angle, bruit an indehiscent,

1-8-seeded berry, pericarp usually fleshy. Seeds, if solitary, conform to

158 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the fruit ; if more than one compressed, ellipsoid ; hilum conspicuous ;

testa usually crustaceous, shining ; embryo straight, exalbuminous with

fleshy cotyledons, or albuminous with flat cotyledons ; radicle inferior,

usually small. — D istrib. About 320 species, in

the whole world, genera about 24.

the tropical regions of

Calyx-lobes 1-seriate, imbricate ; stamens 5 to G : — •

Staminodes none

Staminodes present : —

. . 1. Chrysophyllum.

Flowers sessile or in panicles

. . 2. Sarcosperma.

Flowers in axillary fascicles

Calyx-lobes 2-seriate, outer series valvate : —

. . 3. SlDEROXYLON.

Calyx segments 4 : —

Seeds albuminous : —

Stamens 8

. . 4. ISONANDRA.

Stamens 12 or more

. . 5. Payena.

Seeds exalbuminous, stamens 12 or more

Calyx segments 6 to 8 : —

6. Bassia.

Staminodes none, seeds exalbuminous

. . 7. Palaquium.

Staminodes present, seeds albuminous . .

. . 8. Mimcsops.

1. Chrysophyllum, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous or pubescent

on the under- surface, main-nerves usually very many, thin ; stipules

none. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles, usually hermaphrodite.

Calyx 5-7-lobed ; lobes subequal, imbricate. Corolla tubular-cam-

panulate or sub-rotate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes imbricate, entire. Stamens

equal in number with, and opposite to, the corolla-lobes, attached

to the tube or the base of the lobes ; filaments subulate or filiform ;

anthers ovate or triangular, extrorse or laterally dehiscing ; staminodes

none. Ovary villous, 5-, rarely 6-7-celled, style glabrous ; ovules one

in each cell, attached to the central placenta. Fruit a fleshy or

coriaceous berry, globose, 5-celled or less by abortion. Seeds large ;

testa very hard, dull or shining ; hilum conspicuous ; embryo as large

as the seed, erect, cotyledons flat in fleshy albumen, radicle inferior.

Distrib. About 60 species, chiefly tropical American, a few only in

Asia, Africa and Australia.

Chrysophyllum Roxburghii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 33 (1837).

A slender, erect tree reaching 40 to 60 ft. in height, evergreen ; branches

horizontal; bark smooth, grey; young branchlets and innovations

ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, alternate ; oblong-

lanceolate, suddenly caudate-acuminate at the apex which is some-

times obtuse, cuneate at base and unequal, undulate on the margins ;

3 to 6 in. long, 1-25-2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

159

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

beneath ; main-nerves very numerous, parallel, nearly at right angles

to midrib, meeting in an intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves

similar, reticulations slanting; petiole thick, -25 in. long, pubescent.

Flowers small, in rounded axillary fascicles ; pedicels slender, -1 to

•2 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate, glabrous

or pubescent outside, thick, ciliate on the margins, -07 to -1 in.

long; tube short. Corolla tubular-campanulate, '1 in. long; lobes 5,

short, ciliate on the margins. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla,

opposite the corolla-lobes and inserted on the base of the tube ;

filaments slender ; anthers ovate, apiculate and ending in a minute

tuft of hairs, extrorse, slits somewhat lateral. Ovary rounded, obscurely

5-lobed, surrounded by a thick tuft of long ferruginous hairs ; style

thick, cylindro-conical, glabrous ; cells 5. Fruit a globose or obscurely

5-lobed berry 1 to 1'5 in. in diam., strongly 5-lobed when dry,

ferruginous-tomentose when young afterwards smooth, yellowish-

green, with thick glutinous pulp. Seeds -6 in. long, -5 in. broad,

flattened, the outer edge curved, the inner nearly straight ; hilum

oblong, conspicuous, pale ; testa very hard, thick, shining, chestnut-

brown ; embryo erect, cotyledons flat, -4 in. broad, ovate, obtuse,

3-nerved; radicle large, eylindrie. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 162; Clarke

in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 535 ; Bedd. PL Sylv. t. 236 ; Kurz

For. PL II. 118 and in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. (1877) 228;

Trimen Pl. Ceyl. III. 76; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 138; Cooke Bomb.

Pl. II. 88 ; Burck Ann. Gard. Buit. V. i. (1886), 4 ; Koord. & Val.

Bijdr. I. 130. C. acuminatum, Boxb. PL Ind. I. 599; Wall. Cat. 4160

(: not of Lamk.). C. lanceolatim, A. DC. l.c. ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II.

1035. C. javanicum, Steud. Norn. Ed. II. i. 359. Nycteristition

lanceolatum, Bl. Bijdr. 676.

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3600 ; Maingay (K.D.) 980; Goodenough

1739. Singapore : Ridley 2756, 5837. — Distrib. British India ;

Burma ; Java ; Sumatra.

Curtis No. 1072, collected at Batu Ferengy, Penang, and now in the Kew

Herbarium, seems to be a new species of Chrysophyllum. The leaves are chartaceous,

lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, glabrous, shining, 2 to 4 in. long, -75 to

1 in. broad, the veins indistinct. Flowers unknown. Fruit a fleshy berry, -5 in.

in diam., 5-lobed when dry, glabrous. Seeds -4 in. long, -25 in. broad, rounded on

the outside, narrowed and somewhat concave within ; testa hard, dark chestnut-

brown, shining; hilum narrow. It might be called C. Curtisii, n. sp., King &

Gamble.

2. Sarcosperma, Hook. f.

Glabrous trees. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, opposite and

alternate, oblong ; stipules caducous. Flowers small, sessile or fascicled

160

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

on the branches of a simple or compound panicle, sessile or shortly

pedicellate ; bracteoles minute. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded, sub-equal,

much imbricate. Corolla broadly campanulate ; tube short ; lobes 5,

rounded, entire, much imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of

the corolla and opposite to its lobes ; filaments very short ; anthers

obtuse, laterally or extrorsely dehiscing. Staminodes 5, small, subulate

or rounded. Ovary glabrous, 1-2-celled; style short ; stigma somewhat

lobed, capitate. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, 1-2-seeded ; pericarp

coriaceous, scarcely thick. Seeds 1-2 ; testa crustaeeous ; hilum nearly

basal; albumen none; embryo fleshy. — Distbib. Species 3, in North-

East India, Burma, Malaya and S. China.

Saecospeeha paniculatum, Stapf & King in Hook. f. Ic. Plant,

t. 2690 (1901). A tree, reaching 50 to 70 feet in height and 18 to 20 in. in

diam. ; branchlets thick, dark brown, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous j

sub-opposite, elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminate at apex, acute or rounded

or often rhomboid at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, nearly black

when dry ; 4 to 8 - 5 in. long, l - 5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-

Derves 7-8 pairs, slender, distant, often nearly 1 in. apart, starting at

an angle of about 60° with the midrib and at once curving upwards to

and along the margin ; secondary nerves many and, like the transverse

reticulations, inconspicuous ; glandular pits in the axils of most of the

main-nerves; petiole - 5 to '7 in. long, channelled above and with two

minute rounded auricles below the blade. Floivers solitary or clustered

on the branches of a leafy compound panicle of racemes, the racemes

often 2 in. long ; bracteoles minute, triangular ; pedicels rarely reaching

■05 in. in length, stout ; buds globose. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate,

rounded, usually 3 larger with somewhat scarious margins, 2 smaller

thicker and slightly acute, shortly campanulate. Corolla-lobes 5,

closely imbricate, rounded, glabrous, -05 in. long, the margins revolute ;

tube as long as lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the top of the tube ;

filaments very short ; anthers ovate, rounded, introrse, or laterally

dehiscing. Staminodes alternating with the stamens, minute, nearly

orbicular, crenulate. Ovary conical, furrowed ; style very short, thick,

stigma capitate, minutely 2-4-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, ellipsoid,

seeds, 1-2. Bracea paniculata, King in Journ. As. Soe. Beng.

LXIV. ii. 101.

Peeak: Scortechini ; King's Collector 7970, 8086, 10284, 10554,

10672, 10835 ; among large bamboos, on river-banks, or in mixed

forest.

3. Sideroxylon, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes armed, with milky juice. Leaves

coriaceous or thinner, entire, alternate ; stipules none. Flotvers

161

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

small, in fascicles in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen

leaves, sub-sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx of 5-6 imbricate,

usually orbicular and obtuse segments. Corolla campanulate, or

tubular-campanulate, with 5 or rarely 6 lobes, the lobes imbricate.

Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and opposite to them, attached

to the tube or at its base ; filaments linear, usually short ; anthers ovate

or lanceolate ; staminodes alternating with the stamens, lanceolate.

Ovary usually villous, with 5 or fewer cells ; style cylindric ; stigma

small ; ovules erect, placentas axile. Fruit an ovoid or globose fleshy

berry, 5- or less-seeded, usually with one seed only. Seeds compressed,

generally solitary ; testa hard, crustaceous, usually shining ; hilutn

oblong or linear ; embryo erect, cotyledons flat or thickened, in fleshy

albumen ; radicle short, inferior. — Disteib. About 60 species, mostly

of tropical regions in both hemispheres, a few only extratropical in

South Africa or Australasia.

Leaves more than 3 in. broad, yellowish when dry, main-nerves

very prominent . . . . . . . . 1. S. malaccense.

Leaves under 3 in. broad, green or brown when dry : —

Leaves nearly glabrous, membranous, obovate-acuminate . . 2. S. Maingayi.

Leaves pubescent beneath, at least on the nerves : —

Corolla-tube longer than the lobes ; leaves elliptic, grey-silky

beneath . . . . . . . . . . 3. S. Derryanum.

Corolla-tube shorter than the lobes : —

Leaves obovate, main-nerves not very prominent or

regular . . . . . . . . . . 4. S. ferrugineum.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, main-nerves very prominent and

regular . . . . . . . . . ■ 5. S. jirviuni.

Species imperfectly known : 6. S. Wallichianum.

1. Sideroxylon malaccense, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III.

537 (1882). A large tree, reaching 40 to 60 feet in height ; branches pale

brown ; ultimate branchlets ferruginous-pubescent, as are the leaf-buds

and young leaves. Leaves coriaceous ; often, not always, crowded

towards the ends of the branchlets ; obovate-oblong, rounded or shortly

acute at apex, somewhat cuneate at base ; deep-green above, pale

bluish-green beneath, yellow when dry, densely rusty-pubescent beneath

when young, glabrous on both surfaces when old except for rusty hairs

on the midrib and main-nerves beneath ; 6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 - 5 in.

broad ; midrib very thick and prominent ; main-nerves 8-14 pairs, very

prominent, starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, parallel at

first, ultimately arched upwards ; reticulations not prominent, obliquely

joining the main-nerves ; petiole 1 to 1*5 in. long, thick, enlarged at

base, bordered above by the slightly decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers fasciculate, shortly pedicelled, in the axils of the leaves, above

162

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tlie sears of fallen leaves or on the year-old wood below the leaves and

shoots of the year ; pedicels - 1 to - 2 in. long, rusty-tomentose. Calyx-

lobes 5, imbricate, - 15 to - 2 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent without,

rounded. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -15 in. long, absent in ?

flowers; lobes very short, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens attached to

the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers ovate, apiculate, opening by side-

slits ; staminodes linear-lanceolate. Ovary thickly rusty-pubescent,

flattened at top, obscurely 5-lobed, 5-celled ; style cylindric. Berry

fleshy, somewhat oblong, rounded, tipped with the persistent style,

thickly covered with velvety orange-red tomentum and about -5 in. in

diam. Seeds not accurately known.

Penang : Curtis 1452. Perak : Wray 136 ; King’s Collector 6550.

Malacca : M wing ay (K.D.) 994 ; Rolmberg 704. Singapore : Ridley

6130, 6499 ; Cantley 89.

Mr. Cantley says that this tree gives the true “ Daru-daru ” or “ Ded&ru ” wood of

the Malay Peninsula.

2. Sideroxylon Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 536

(1882). A tree with rusty-pubescent branchlets and young shoots.

Leaves membranous ; crowded towards the ends of the branchlets ;

obovate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; rusty-pubescent

when young, glabrous when old or rusty-pubescent on the midrib and

main-nerves; 4 to 8 in. long, 1‘5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent ; main-

nerves 8 to 11 pairs, starting at an angle of nearly 60° to the midrib,

at first parallel then arching upwards to near the margin ; transverse

reticulations more or less parallel; petiole 1 to 1-5 in. long, bordered

by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers fasciculate, sessile or

with very short pedicels, chiefly on the previous year’s wood below the

leaves and shoots of the year. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, rounded,

rusty-pubescent without, -075 to -1 in. in diam. Corolla tubular-

campanulate, as long as or rather shorter than the calyx, wanting

in 2 flowers ; lobes very short, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens short ;

filaments slender ; anthers ovate ; staminodes linear- lanceolate. Ovary

thickly rusty-pubescent, flattened at top ; style cylindric. Berry fleshy,

1'5 i n - i n diam., ovoid or globular, full of guttapercha. Seeds 4,

compressed, - 7 in. long by "3 to '35 in. broad ; rounded outside, nearly

stiaight within, the long narrow oblong hilum covering nearly the whole

maigin , testa hard, shining, dark chestnut-brown; albumen firm,

white ; cotyledons plane, appressed, elliptic ; radicle inferior.

Negri Sembilan : Ridley 10084. Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 993 ;

Rervey. Singapore : Ridley 8928, 9223.

The fruit description is chiefly taken from Maingay ’s notes in the Kew Herbarium.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 163

3. Sideroxylon Derryanum, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree ;

branchlets grey, uppermost appressed-pubescent ; innovations with

nearly black hairs. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic, very abruptly short-

acuminate at apex, broadly cuneate at base ; margins more or less

recurved ; glabrous above, densely silvery-pubescent beneath ; 3 to

5'5 in. long, 1*5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above ;

main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, parallel, starting at an angle of about 75° with

the midrib, meeting near the margin in a faint intramarginal looped

nerve; secondary nerves similar, rather prominent, reticulations few,

obscure ; petiole - 3 to - 5 in. long, channelled above, pubescent with

nearly black hairs. Flowers fascicled, about 5 together in the axils of

the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves ; pedicels -25 in long, tawny-

pubescent ; buds oblong, conical. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded, obtuse, the

2 outer thick very pubescent, the 3 inner somewhat scarious, pubescent

only on the middle of the back. Corolla campanulate, - 2 in. long ; tube

•15 in. long, glabrous within, with a few sparse hairs without; lobes 5,

ovate, imbricate, margins recurved. Stamens 5, short, inserted at the

top of the tube ; filaments conical ; anthers ovate-cordate, dehiscing by

side-slits ; staminodes subulate, glabrous. Ovary villous, obscurely

5-lobed, 5-celled ; style very short ; stigma obscurely 5-lobed. Berry

oblong, dark blue, glabrous, the top flat and crowned with the

remains of the style, •6-7 in. long, 1-seeded. Seed oblong, -6 in.

long by '3 in. in diam. truncate obliquely at the base ; testa thick,

light-brown, striate ; hilum rather small, sub-basal ; albumen thin ;

cotyledons thick ; radicle small.

Perak : Derry-Curtis 3641.

The colour of the silvery under-surface of the leaves is difficult to describe— it is

sometimes dark and smoky-looking.

4. Sideroxylon ferrugineum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.

266, t. 55 (1841). A small tree ; branches rough, ultimate branchlets fer-

ruginous-pubescent like the leaf-buds and young leaves, branchlets with

a raised line downwards from each leaf or scar of a fallen leaf. Leaves

coriaceous ; obovate or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or bluntly acute at

apex, attenuate at base ; shining above, densely appressed ferruginous-

silky beneath when young, ultimately nearly glabrous ; 2'5 to 6 in. long,

1 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, fairly

prominent, especially above, starting at about an angle of 60° with the

midrib, at first nearly parallel then arching upwards to meet near the

margin ; secondary nerves similar, reticulations oblique ; petiole ’5 to

'7 in. long, the edges bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade,

enlarged at base. Floivers fasciculate, shortly pedicelled, in the axils of

164

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the leaves or above the scars of fallen leaves on year-old wood below the

leaves and shoots of the year ; pedicels T to - 2 in. long, covered like

the obtuse buds with rusty tomentum. Calyx-lobes round, -025 to

*075 in. in diam., with searious margins, closely imbricate, rusty-

pubescent outside. Corolla campanulate, -1 in. long ; tube short ; lobes

5, imbricate, rounded, crenulate, sparingly pubescent near the base

within, in ? flowers wanting or deciduous. Stamens very short,

attached to the corolla-tube above the base ; filaments linear ; anthers

rounded, opening by marginal slits ; staminodes subulate or somewhat

hastate, acuminate. Ovary depressed, obscurely 5-lobed, pubescent ;

stigma short, cylindrie, with 5 minute punctiform styles. Berry ovoid,

shining -35 by -3 in., 1-2-seeded. Seeds ovoid, -25 by -15 in. ; testa

shining, dark brown, thick ; bilum large, oblong ; albumen thick ;

cotyledons flat. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 178; Clarke in Hook. fil. PI.

Br. Ind. III. 537. S. attenuatum, A. DC. l.c. ; Wight Ic. t. 1590 ;

Kurz Por. PI. II. 117, and in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. (1877)

229. Mimusops ? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 4150.

Kedah : Langkawi, Curtis. Penang : Curtis 273, 703, 704.

Pebak : Scortechini 1463 ; King’s Collector 1224. Malacca : Maingay

{K.D.) 982; Griffith (K.D.) 3604; Goodenougli 1735. Singapore:

Wallich 4150 ; Lobb 319 ; Ridley 5643, 5908. A sea-shore tree,

found also by Bidley on Tiuman Island and at Kwala Pahang (Trans.

Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. III. 317). — Distrib. Burma, Andaman Islands,

Nicobar Islands, Malay Archipelago to the Philippines and S. China.

5. Sideroxylon firmum, Pierre ; Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 17, tab.

III. (1885). A small tree ; branchlets thick, striate, brown ; innovations

ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, shortly

acuminate at apex, narrowly acute at base; glabrous above, rusty-

pubescent on the nerves beneath and on young leaves; margins recurved ;

4 to 5 in. long, 1 to l - 5 in. broad ; midrib strong, prominent, impressed

above; main-nerves 12 to 16 pairs, very prominent, about -2 to -3 in. apart,

starting at an angle of about 40° with the midrib, parallel, curved near

and along the margin ; reticulations transverse, very regular and

prominent ; petiole 1 to 1-5 in. long, channelled above and bordered

by the decurrent margins of the blade, rusty-pubescent. Flowers

fascicled, 4 to 6 together in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels variable,

'3 to "6 in. long, rusty-pubescent, slender in flower, thickened in fruit.

Oafo/as-lobes 5, rounded, imbricate, T5 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent,

3 outer thick, 2 inner more or less searious on the margins. Corolla

campanulate, ‘15 in. long, 5-lobed, glabrous within, slightly hairy

without , tube rather short ; lobes oblong, rounded. Stamens inserted

-on the top of the tube; filaments glabrous.; anthers ovate-apiculate ;

165

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

staminodes subulate, about -05 in. long. Ovary villous; style clavate,

glabrous. Fruit an oblong or somewhat obovoid berry, depressed at

apex, glabrous, fleshy, supported by the somewhat enlarged persistent

calyx-lobes, seed usually 1. Seed oblong, obtuse above, somewhat

pointed below, little compressed, ’6 in. long, - 25 in. broad and thick ;

testa chestnut-brown, shining, crustaceous ; hilum linear, flat, occupying

nearly the whole inner face of the seed ; albumen thick ; cotyledons

leafy, flat, oblong, 3-nerved ; radicle inferior, pointed. Ghrysophyllum

firmum, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 579.

Penang: at West Hill, Curtis, 1575. — Distrib. Bangka, Teysmann ;

Philippines.

The Bangka specimens have the leaves up to 2-5 in. broad, but in other respects

we find no difference from Teysmann’s type in the Penang plant.

Species Imperfectly Known.

6. Sideeoxylon Wallichianum, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 28 (1837). A

tree (?) ; branehlets pale brown, ferruginous- villous as are the inno-

vations. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic-obovate, obliquely acuminate at

apex, cuneate at base, crowded towards the ends of the branehlets ;

6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad ; midrib thick ; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,

curved upwards, distant, reticulations prominent ; petiole thick, densely

tawny-pubescent. Calyx-lobes apparently 5, short, rounded, rusty-

pubescent. Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1037. S. (?) rugosum, Wall. Cat.

4158.

The only sheet of this is in the type Herbarium of Wallich’s plants with the

Linnean Society of London. The remains of flowers are very slight, but they seem

to show that the plant belongs to this genus. The note “ a small plant growing on

crocks — flowers white — from the hills ” attached to the sheet, seems to refer to some

other plant, for the specimen itself has every appearance of having come from a tree.

4. Isonandra, Wight.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous, entire, alternate,

penniveined, the main-nerves and midrib prominent, the rest usually

rather obscure. Flowers small, in axillary shortly pedicellate clusters

in the axils of present or fallen leaves. Calyx of 4 segments, the

two outer opposite, more or less valvate ; the two inner also

opposite, imbricate. Corolla tubular, campanulate ; lobes 4, much

imbricate, somewhat twisted. Stamens 8, sub-equal, attached near the

base of the corolla, both opposite to and alternate with the lobes ;

filaments short ; anthers lanceolate, sagittate at base, extrorse ;

staminodes absent. Ovary 4-celled, villous ; style linear. Berry

somewhat small, ovoid or oblong with a fleshy pericarp. Seed usually

1 only, scarcely flattened ; testa’ thick, shining, crustaceous ; hilum

166

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lateral, long ; albumen fleshy, cotyledons flat, radicle inferior. — Distrib.

About 7 species, 6 of which in South India and Ceylon.

1. Isonandra perakensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree

reaching 30 to 40 feet in height; ultimate branchlets, leaf-buds and

young leaves appressed greyish-brown-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;

obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, cuneate sometimes un-

equally at the base ; the margins reflexed, glabrous and dull above,

thickly brown-pubescent beneath ; 2 to 3 - 5 in. long, 1 to 1'5 in.

broad ; midrib prominent ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs at about 60°

with the midrib, reticulations very inconspicuous ; petiole ‘2 to - 3 in.

long, rather stout. Flowers fasciculate, on very short, -1 in. long, thick,

angular pedicels in the axils of upper leaves ; buds ’15 in. long, obtuse,

brown-appressed-pubescent. Calyx of 4 lobes, an outer pair and an

inner pair, the outer valvate, the inner shining within, minutely ciliate ;

lobes -15 in. long. Corolla 4-lobed ; lobes rounded, about equal to the

tube, together about equal to the calyx. Stamens 8, filaments thickened ;

anthers lanceolate, sagittate at base, extrorse. Ovary slightly hairy,

conical, surmounted by a short linear style as long as the calyx ; cells 4.

Berry oblong, acute, smooth, - 4 to - 5 in. long. Seeds ellipsoid, acute

at apex, scarcely flattened, -35 by - 15 in. ; hilum large, oblong ; testa

dark brown, hard, smooth, shining ; albumen fleshy ; embryo large,

cotyledons oblong.

Perak : at 1,000 to 1,500 feet elevation, King’s Collector 7138.

Doubtful Species.

2. Isonandra rufa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree,

reaching 20 to 30 feet in height and 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; younger

branchlets and innovations densely ferruginous pubescent. Leaves

membranous ; obovate, long acuminate sometimes abruptly at apex,

cuneate and finally more or less rounded at base ; sparsely pubescent

above when young, nearly glabrous when old; roughly pubescent

beneath, especially on the nerves ; 5 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in. broad ;

midrib prominent ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, irregularly distanced, at

first at an angle of about 45° with the midrib, then arching upwards ;

secondary nerves and reticulations prominent; petiole -3 in. long,

slender, rusty-pubescent, channelled above ; stipules very short,

subulate, rusty-pubescent, very caducous. Flowers solitary or in

pairs in the axils of the upper leaves or on the upper branchlets,

very small ; pedicels slender, -25 in. long, recurved. Galyx-lohes 4,

densely ferruginous-pubescent ; 2 outer valvate, ovate, -2 in. long ;

2 inner imbricate, ovate, somewhat scarious and ciliate on the margins.

Corolla tubular-campanulate ; '2 to - 25 in. long ; tube slender, minutely

167

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hairy without and near the mouth within ; lobes 6 (?), linear oblong, T in.

long, erect. Stamens 6 (?), -1 in. long; filaments very slender, villous ;

anthers ovate, penicillate-apieulate. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style

slender, curved, -2 in. long. Fruit an oblong berry, about 1 in. long

and • 5 in. broad. Seed 1, testa thin, shining.

Peeak : Scortcchini 159 ; King's Collector 4550, in dense jungle at

500 to 800 feet.

In only one flower were any traces found of the corolla and stamens, and there

seemed to be 6 corolla-lobes instead of 4, and 6 stamens instead of 8. We consider it

best, however, to leave the species here for the present and until better material is

available.

5. Payena, A. DC.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves membranous or chartaeeous, often

silky beneath ; stipules caducous. Flowers fascicled, rather few

together, in the axils of the leaves on the upper part of the

branchlets, pedicellate. Calyx-lobes 4, the 2 outer usually valvate

enclosing the 2 inner generally imbricate. Corolla campanulate ;

tube broad, short ; lobes 8, imbricate, in one or two series. Stamens

16, inserted on the corolla-tube ; filaments short ; anthers usually

extrorse, ovate to linear, connective produced in an acumen ; stami-

nodes none. Ovary villous, usually 8-celled; style linear- subulate.

Fruit an oblong or ovoid fleshy berry, few-seeded. Seeds oblong,

usually somewhat compressed ; testa crustaceous, shining ; hilum

oblong or linear, conspicuous ; albumen thin ; cotyledons leafy, thin,

flat, nearly as long and broad as the cavity of the seed ; radicle inferior,

generally rather conspicuous. — Disteib. About 6 to 7 species, found

in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

Flowers large, reaching -75 in. in length : —

Leaves 6 to 9 in. long, silky-pubescent beneath. .

Leaves 4 to 5 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces

Flowers medium-sized or small, under '75 in. in length : —

Flowers in fascicles near the ends of the branchlets, having

the appearance of a terminal inflorescence : —

Flowers moderate-sized, berry obpyriform, acuminate at

tip

Flowers small, berry oblong conical, truncate at tip

Flowers in fascicles in the axils of the leaves, never appa-

rently terminal : —

Leaves glabrous, pedicels slender, flowers small

Leaves ferruginous-pubescent, pedicels short, flowers

rather large

1. P. Maingayi.

2. P. longipedicellata.

3. P. Havilandi.

4. P. Leerii.

5. P. lucida.

6. P. dasyphylln.

Species Imperfectly Known.

Leaves sessile . .

7. P. sessilis.

168

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves petiolate : —

Leaves under 4 in. long, obovate or elliptio-obovate, more or

less obtuse . . . . . . . . .. 8. P. obtusifoUa.

Leaves over 4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate . . 9. P- selangorica.

1. Payena Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 547 (1882).

A large guttapercha- yielding tree, reaching 80 feet in height and a con-

siderable girth ; branchlets dark brown, smooth, younger branchlets and

innovations rusty-tomentose ; leaf-buds golden pubescent, scales '2 to

■3 in. long, lanceolate. Leaves ehartaceous ; oblong, acuminate at the apex

sometimes caudately sometimes abruptly, cuneate at the base ; glabrous

above except on the midrib, covered beneath with a silky golden-brown

pubescence, afterwards glabrate ; 6 to 9 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; mid-

rib prominent, minutely pubescent above or glabrous ; main-nerves 20

to 25 pairs, '3 to - 5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 70° with the

midrib, at first parallel, ultimately ending in a looped intramarginal

nerve ; secondary nerves between the main-nerves, obscure like the

reticulations ; petiole 1 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent

margins of the blade ; stipules linear, subulate, -3 in. long, golden-

pubescent, quickly caducous. Floivers fascicled, 2 to 6 together in

the axils of the leaves ; pedicels slender, - 75 in. long, up to 1 in. in

fruit and then thickened, clavate, brown-pubescent. CWya-lobes 4,

•4 to - 5 in. long, densely brown-pubescent outside ; outer pair valvate,

ovate-acute, thick ; inner pair imbricate, concave, keeled, acuminate,

rather thin. Corolla white, campanulate, - 6 to '8 in. long, glabrous ;

tube about -2 in. long ; lobes 8, lanceolate, in 2 rows, the outer 4 enclosing

the inner 4. Stamens 16, inserted on the top of the tube, '25 in. long ;

filaments thick ; anthers as long as filaments, ovate, extrorse, crowned

by a long mucro formed by the produced connective, the mucro ciliate

or truncate or bifid at the apex. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, tapering

into a subulate -8 in. long style, cells 8. Fruit an oblong, golden-

pubescent or nearly glabrous berry up to 1'5 in. long by '8 in. broad,

crowned by the remains of the persistent style, and supported by the

persistent calyx-lobes, seeds 1 to 2. Seeds oblong, convex on one side,

somewhat concave on the other, 1 to 2 in. long by ‘5 in. broad and

•2 in. thick ; testa light brown, shining, crustaceous ; bilum con-

spicuous, slender ; albumen thin ; cotyledons oblong rounded, -8 in.

long by '225 in. broad ; radicle rather large, inferior. Pierre

in Bull. Linn. Soc. Par. I. 526. Chrysophyllum ? mollc, Wall.

Cat. 4161.

Penang : Curtis 1565. Perak : Scortechini 172, 346 ; Wray

3423 ; King's Collector 7223, 7918 ; in open jungle or rich soil from

300 up to 2,000 feet. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3610 ; Maingay (K.D.)

169

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

990; Curtis 3483. Singapore: Ridley 6239,6497. Curtis says it is

the “ Taban Percha ” of the Malays.

The drawing of the flower in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzen-Fam. IV. i. 132,

fig. G9 A-C seems a little doubtful. The identification of Wall. Cat. 4161 seems also

doubtful, for Payena Maingayi much resembles in leaf Palaquium Gutta var. oblongi-

folia.

2. Payena longipedicellata, Brace MS. in Herb. Calc. A tree,

reaching 100 to 130 feet in height; branches slender, silvery-grey,

innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves cliartaceo-coriaceous , oblong or

elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded unequally at the

base ; glabrous on both surfaces, margins slightly recurved ; 4 to 5 in.

long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves

about 18 pairs, indistinct, starting at about 85° with the midrib, at first

parallel, near the margin joined in an intramarginal looped nerve ,

secondary nerves nearly as prominent as main-nerves, often branching

backwards, reticulations few, indistinct ; petiole - 7 to "8 in. long,

channelled above and bordered by the margins of the decurrent blade ,

stipules small, ovate-acute, rusty-pubescent, very caducous. Floweis

fascicled, 1-3 together, in the axils of lower leaves or of the scars of

fallen leaves ; pedicels 1 to 1-5 in. long, slender, curved, striate when

dry, clavate above, puberulous ; flower-buds conical, large. Calyx-lobes

4 ; 2 outer valvate, ovate-acute, thick, - 5 in. long, sparsely rusty-

pubescent ; 2 inner lanceolate-acuminate, concave, thickly keeled, '6 in.

long, densely tawny-pubescent on the back. Corolla tubular-campanu-

late, -8 in. long; tube -3 in. long, glabrous; lobes 8, 4 outer enclosing

4 inner, ovate-acuminate, glabrous. Stamens 16, inserted in 1 row,

below the top of the tube but alternate ones covered by the others ;

filaments very short, slender; anthers '15 in. long, ovate, rusty -hirsute,

extrorse, the connective produced in a broad mucro divided in 2 diverg-

ing lobes at the tip. Ovary oblong, style a little longer than the corolla-

lobes. Fruit not known.

Perak : King's Collector 2940.— Distrib. Borneo, Haviland 3035.

3. Payena Havilandi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree (?) ;

branchlets grey, slender, innovations appressed rusty-pubescent.

Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, at-

tenuate usually unequally at base ; glabrous above, glabrous beneath

except on the midrib which is appressed-rusty-pubescent, margins

recurved; 2-5 to 3 in. long, P25 to 1‘75 in. broad; midrib slender ;

main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, not very prominent, rather irregular,

starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, meeting close to the

margin in an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves and reticu-

lations scanty but prominent, raised beneath ; petiole -4 to -5 in. long,

170

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

channelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade ;

stipules small, ovate-falcate, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Flowers

fascicled, 3-4 together, in the axils of upper leaves or of terminal

leafless branchlets, giving the appearance of a terminal corymbose

inflorescence ; pedicels '8 to 1 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent,

recurved; buds ovate, - 25 in. long, obtuse. Galyx-lohes 4, outer pair

rouuded, thick, appressed pubescent to nearly glabrous ; inner pair

thinner, scarious, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, - 3 to - 4 in. long, longer

than the calyx, glabrous ; lobes 8, oblong, cordate at base, crenate or

ciliate on the margins, veined ; tube as long as lobes. Stamens 16, usually

in 2 rows ; filaments slender, glabrous ; anthers ovate, the connective

broad and produced in a broad glabrous acumen, sharp in bud, flattened

later on. Ovary linsar-oblong ; style slender, -5 in. long. Fruit an

obpyriform fleshy berry, 15 in. long and -75 in. broad, surmounted by

the persistent conical style, seed 1. Seed oblong, 1 in. long, -6 in. broad,

flattened ; testa crustaceous, shining, chestnut-brown ; hilum narrow,

elongated ; albumen thick ; cotyledons broadly oblong, -5 in. long,

nerved; radicle rather large, nearly -15 in. long.

Kedah : Lankawi Island, Ridley 8329. Penang : Curtis 111.

Singapoee: Ridley 4959, 9203. — Distrib. Borneo, Haviland 2098,

2320.

P. Croixiana, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 524 seems to be this

species or very near it. The following is Pierre’s description : —

A huge tree. Leaves oval or sub-oblong, long acuminate, glabrous ;

2-3 in. long, -3 in. broad; main-nerves 24 to 28, petiole -25 in.

Floivers 3, axillary, sub-terminal; peduncles -2 to -3 in. long, '6 in. in

fruit. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Corolla-tube pubescent without ; lobes

oblong, truncate at the apex, ciliate ; filaments very short ; anthers sub-

oblong with a long connective, obtuse, pilose on both sides. Ovary

8-celled, tomentose, urceolate at the base of the style. Berry oblong,

•8-1-2 in. long, -5-'6 in. broad, glabrous, 1-seeded ; pericarp -06 in.

thick ; hilum under -04 in. broad, laterally extended over the whole

height ; cotyledons -8 in. long ; -02 in. broad, radicle T4 in. long.

Malacca : St. Pol Lias ; Mad. Errington de la Croix in Paris Mus.

“ Sundek."

4. Payena Leeeii, Benth. & Hook. f. ; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn.

Par. i. 524 (1885). A tree, reaching 80 to 100 feet in height and a con-

siderable girth ; branchlets grey, slender ; innovations minutely rusty-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex,

acute or somewhat rounded at base ; upper surface glabrous, shining,

lower surface sparsely pubescent to glabrous ; margins undulate, re-

curved ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib prominent, impressed

171

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

above ; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, slender, about - 2 in. apart, incon-

spicuous, more or less parallel, starting at an angle of about 80° with the

midrib, straight almost to the margin where they are connected by a

looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves many, forking backwards,

reticulations faint ; petiole slender, -75 in. long, channelled above by the

decurrent margins of the blade ; stipules short, subulate, pubescent, very

caducous. Flowers fascicled, 3—4 together, in the axils of upper leaves,

or on terminal leafless branchlets, giving the impression of a terminal

inflorescence ; pedicels slender, '4 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4,

■15 in. long, the 2 outer ovate-valvate, minutely pubescent ; the 2 inner

ovate, truncate at apex, almost scarious on the margins, pubescent,

imbricate. Corolla campanulate ; tube - 05 in. long, glabrous , lobes 8,

imbricate, the 4 rather smaller outer embracing the 4 larger inner,

ovate-obtuse, -15 in. long. Stamens 16, inserted in one row on the top

of the corolla-tube, those opposite the lobes longer than and behind

those alternate with them ; filaments very short, hairy ; anthers ovate,

•075 in. long, extrorse, the connective produced in a rather thick

penicillate mucro. Ovary villous, depressed, obscurely 8-lobed ; style

subulate, glabrous above, pubescent below, -2 in. long ; cells 8. Fruit

an ovate-oblong conical reddish-green berry, 1-5 to 1’75 in. long,

obscurely ribbed and rough, at first tipped with the conical remains

of the style, afterwards truncate seed 1. Seed 1 in. long, about

•4 in. broad, oblong ; testa thin crustaceous, dark brown ; hilum long,

narrow ; albumen thin ; cotyledons oblong, ‘85 in. long, '35 in. broad,

faintly 3-nerved ; radicle small, inferior. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XL. (1871) II. 69 ; Burek in Ann. Jard. Buit. Y. (1885) 56, tab.

VIII. ; Engl, and Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 133, fig. 70. Kerate-

phorus Leerii, Hassk. Betzia I. (1856) 101 ; Miq. El. Ind. Bat. II.

1039. Azaola Leerii, Teysm. & Binnend. in Nat Tijdschr. Neerl.

Ind. VI. 116.

Perak -. Wray 1539, at 4,900 feet on Batang Padang; King’s

Collector 523. Singapore ; Cantley 20.— Distrib. Sumatra, Bangka,

Borneo (?), Amboina. Vern. “ Getah Sundek.” It gives a second-rate

variety of guttapercha.

To this species probably belong Ridley 11313, Curtis 3631, and David 108o7,

all apparently from Sumatra— Fern. “Getah Sundi.” The specimens have

leaves only.

Curtis’ No. 3640 “Getah Sundek’’ from the Dindings is either this species

or P. Havilandi; but the fruit is globose, not elongate or obconieal. It seems,

however, to have been more or less attacked by insects, and may not show its

proper shape.

5. Payena lucida, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 197 (1844). An evergreen tree

172 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

reaching a height of 60 feet and considerable girth ; branchlets

slender, dark brown, innovations rusty-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous;

elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely and rather

abruptly candate-acuminate at apex, acute at base and unequal-sided ;

glabrous on both surfaces, the margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in.

long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib prominent, slender ; main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs, not prominent, rather irregular, -3 to '4 in. apart, starting

at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, straight at first, arching near

the margin to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves

and reticulations rather scanty ; petiole -4 in. long, channelled above ;

stipules very minute, linear, silky-pubescent, caducous. Floivers

fascicled, 1 to 4 together, in the axils of upper leaves ; pedicels slender,

■7 to -8 in. long, somewhat clavate, minutely silky ; buds conical, - 1 to

•2 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer valvate, thick, enclosing 2 inner,

broad, ovate, obtuse, ciliate, often scarious on the margins, -2 in. long.

Corolla white, campanulate, - 2 to ‘3 in. long ; tube short ; lobes 8,

oblong, obtuse or rounded in 2 rows, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner.

Stamens 16, - 12 in. long ; filaments short, thick ; anthers ovate, the

connective produced into an obtuse, glabrous, often bifid acumen, cells

extrorse. Ovary villous, rounded ; style subulate, glabrous, -3 in. long,

6-eelled. Fruit an oblong, ferruginous-pubescent berry, 1 to 1-5 in.

long, -7 in. broad, 1-seeded. Seed oblong, bluntly acute at both ends,

flattened, -8 in. long, -5 in. broad, -3 in. thick ; testa chartaceous,

chestnut-brown, shining ; hilum about - 15 in. broad occupying the

whole inner edge ; albumen thick ; cotyledons oblong, thin, flat, faintly

nerved as the leaves, '6 in. long, -4 in. broad ; radicle rather large,

inferior. Kurz For. FI. II. 121, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. ii. 69, and

XLVI. ii. 230 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 547 ; Pierre in Bull.

Soc. Linn. Par. I. 525. Mimusops lucida, Wall. Cat. 4147 ; G. Don

Gen. Syst. IV. 35 ( not of Poir.).

Penang : Wallich 4147. Perak : Scortechini 1989 ; Wray 2266,

3114, 3191, 3482 ; King's Collector 3364, 3734, 6636. Singapore :

Lobb 307 ; Ridley.

Var. Wightii, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 548. Leaves large,

up to 6 in. long and 2-5 broad, coriaceous ; pedicels stout ; sepals

large, rusty-tomentose. Payena polyandra, Bth. & Hook. f. ; Pierre

in Bull. Linn. Soc. Par. I. 526. Isonandra polyandra, Wight Ic.

t. 1589. Kcratephorus Wightii, Hassk. in Retzia I. 101.

Of this variety Clarke makes two forms, which he distinguishes chiefly by the

former having short acuminations to the leaves, the latter long acuminate leaves. We

have separated the material into these two groups as well as we can.

Form (1) : Leaves up to 6 in. long, 2-5 in. broad, abruptly acuminate, shining

173

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

■above, ferruginous-red beneath when dry ; flower-buds ovoid, '2 in. long or more, rusty-

pubescent. Pedicels stout, clavate ; fruit oblong, depressed at top ; anther-connective

not so broad as in P. lucida.

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3605 (part)-, Maingay (K.D.) 194; Hervey ; Derry 937 ;

Holmherg 794 ; Goodenough 1977. Pebak : King’s Collector 8705.

Form (2) : Leaves up to 6 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, reddish

beneath when dry; nerves more prominent than in P. lucida; pedicels slender,

•8 to 1-2 in. long ; buds ovoid, sometimes flattened, *2 to ’3 in. long, rusty-pubescent ;

young fruit oblong conical, tipped by the persistent style ; old fruit oblong, over 1 in.

long. P. costata, King MS. in Herb Calc.

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3605 (part ) ; Maingay (K.D.) 989 ; Goodenough 1853 ;

Derry 654 ; Curtis 3644,(3660. Penang : Curtis 1516. Perak : King’s Collector 3734,

4081, 7842, 7957, 10466, 10496, 10978. Pahang: Ridley 2672. Selangor: Good-

snougli 10545. Singapore : Ridley 3995, 5070, 6508, 11305.

Var. nigra. King & Gamble. Leaves much larger than in the

■specimens of true P. lucicla, elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex,

more or less rounded at base, undulate on the margins, 6 to 8'5 in.

long, 2-5 to 4 in. broad ; main-nerves and intramarginal nerve very

prominent, raised beneath ; flower-buds and pedicels often golden-

pubescent. Flowers as in P. lucida.

Perak; Wray 1170; Scortechini.

P. Lowiana, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 524, seems to be one

of the varieties of P. lucida or a species allied to it. The following is

Pierre’s description : —

A huge tree. Leaves with petiole -4 in. long ; blade 5 in. long,

1-2-1-6 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, glabrous;

main-veins 24, distant. Fruiting peduncles axillary, 1-1-2 in. long,

solitary. Berry oblong, 1-3 in. long by "8 in. broad, sub-glabrous,

•crowned at the top with the remains of the style. Seed solitary, 1-1 in.

long, -35 in. in diam., erect; hilum lateral, -08 in. broad; cotyledons

oblong, attenuate at the apex, -8 in. long by -2 in. broad ; radicle -15 in.

long. P. lucida MS. in Herb. Mus. Par.

Perak : Sir Hugh Loiv ; St. Pol Lias No. 272.

6. Payena dasyphylla, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 527

(1885). A large tree, reaching 80 to 100 feet in height and considerable

girth ; branches spreading, branchlets greyish-brown, moderately

■thick; innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves membranous;

oblong or elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, often unequal-sided ; acumi-

nate at apex, acute, cuneate or somewhat rounded at base ; glabrous

above except on the midrib and near the base, densely ferruginous-

pubescent beneath, when old nearly glabrous ; 4 to 8 in. long, P5 to

3 in. broad ; midrib thick, pubescent on both surfaces ; main-nerves

12 to 16 pairs, unequally spaced* starting at about 60° with the midrib,

produced straight to meet a looped [intramarginal nerve ; secondary

174

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves rather prominent, reticulations irregular ; petiole - 5 in. long,

thick, densely rusty-pubescent, channelled above ; stipules subulate,

rusty-pubescent, short, early caducous. Flowers fascicled, 1 to 3

together, in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels thickly rusty-pubescent,

•4 to '6 in. long, somewhat enlarged in fruit ; buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes

4, 2 outer thick, valvate, - 3 in. long, triangular-rounded, densely rusty-

pubescent; 2 inner concave, slightly imbricate, ’35 in. long, thickly

keeled, scarious on the margins and ciliate, rusty-pubescent around the

keel. Corolla tubular-campanulate, ‘3 in. long; tube '1 in. long,

glabrous ; lobes 8, the 4 outer enclosing the 4 inner but inserted in one

row, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 16, - 175 in. long, inserted on the top of

the tube ; filaments '05 in. long, villous ; anthers nearly linear, extrorse,.

the connective produced in a '05 in. long, blunt or even bifid acumen.

Ovary" conical, villous as is the base of the '35 in. long subulate style.

Fruit an ovoid densely tawny-pubescent berry -75 to 1 in. long, umbonate

at the tip and crowned with a portion of the style. Seeds '4 to ‘5 in.

long, elliptic-acute ; testa dark brown, shining ; bilum narrow ; albu-

men thin. Burek in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 51. Isonandra dasyphylla,.

Miq. PI. Jungh. 201 and PL Ind. Bat. II. 1038 ; de Vriese Journ. Bot.

Neerl. I. 256.

Perak : Scortechini 1242 ; King’s Collector 2611, on Larut Peak at

3,000 to 3,500 feet. — Disteib. Sumatra, Java.

De Vriese says the gutta is only used for adulteration, but that Motley did not

agree in this belief.

Var. glabrata, King & Gamble. Lower surface of the leaves nearly

glabrous, apex abruptly long-acuminate ; pedicels -8 to 1 in. long ; fruit

nearly spherical.

Perak : Scortechini 536. Singapore : at Selitar, Bidley 5644.

7. Payena sessilis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ; branchlets

grey, rough, uppermost somewhat angular when dry. Leaves coria-

ceous, sessile ; obovate, obtuse or emarginate ; glabrous on both surfaces,

margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib promi-

nent, raised on both surfaces ; main-nerves not prominent on the upper

surface, raised on the lower, about 8 pairs, at about 50° with the midrib,

straight but soon anastomosing with the prominent reticulations which

are also raised on the lower surface ; stipules ovate, acute or obtuse,

glabrous, caducous. Flowers fascicled, 2 to 3 together, on small

tubercles in the axils of upper leaves ; pedicels slender, black, -5 in.

long, supported by small bard glabrous bracts. Calyx-lobes in fruit 4,

■2 in. long, ovate-acute, glabrous ; rest of flower not seen. Fruit a

globose glabrous berry, black when dry, prominently surmounted by the

175

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

persistent long curved style ; cells apparently 4 to 6. Seeds oblong,

obtuse at top, acute at base, -3 to -4 in. long, rounded on the outer,

straight on the inner side ; hilum long, narrow ; testa thin crustaeeous,

brown ; albumen rather thin ; cotyledons oblong, flat, -15 to - 2 in. in

length ; radicle rather large,

Singapore : Ridley 5076.

8. Payena obtusifolia, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree ; branchlets

stout, greyish-brown, prominently marked by the scars of fallen leaves

and the tubercles of fallen flower fascicles, young branchlets and leaves

rusty-brown in colour. Leaves coriaceous ; clustered at the ends of the

branchlets, obovate or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate or shortly

acute at apex, cuneately attenuate at base ; glabrous on the upper

surface, rusty-coloured and sometimes pubescent on the lower; 2'5 to

3 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib stout, main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs,

starting at about 60° with the midrib, slightly curving upwards, incon-

spicuous above as are the reticulations ; petiole '5 to p 75 in. long,

channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade Flowers

fascicled, 4 to 8 together (to judge by scars only) in the axils of the

leaves, or of the scars of fallen leaves ; pedicels '5 in. long, clavate,

pubescent ; buds about -3 in. long, truncate. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer

valvate, ovate-acute, '3 in. long, pubescent ; 2 inner imbricate, ovate,

golden-pubescent on the back, ciliate on the margins. Corolla not seen.

Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous, 8-celled; style ’35 in. long, linear. Fruit

not seen.

Perak : Scortechini 340.

9. Payena selangorica, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ; branch-

lets dark brown, rough. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; oblong-lanceo

late, acuminate at apex, narrowly attenuate at base, glabrous above,

slightly pubescent on the sides of the midrib beneath ; 4 to 6 in. long,

1 to l - 7 in. broad ; midrib prominent, impressed and keeled above ;

main-nerves about 16 pairs, indistinct, parallel, at about 80° with the

midrib, straight at first, anastomosing near the margin with the

secondary nerves and reticulations, which are visible but not prominent ;

petiole '5 to -7 in. long, channelled above, enlarged at base. Flowers

fascicled, 2 to 3 together, in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels rather

thick, -6 to - 8 in. long, striate, appressed rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes

4, outer pair valvate '3 in. long, ovate-acute, thick below, thinner above ;

inner pair ovate, '25 in. long, scarious on the margins ; both appressed

rusty-pubescent ; rest of flower not seen. Ovary pubescent, cylindrical,

depressed at top ; fruit immature, seed apparently albuminous, with an

elongated hilum.

Selangor : Ridley 7387.

176

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

6. Bassia, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, often

clustered at the ends of the branehlets ; stipules caducous. Flowers

fascicled, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves,

pedicellate, pedicels frequently reflexed. Calyx-lobes 4, the 2 outer

usually valvate, enclosing the 2 inner imbricate. Corolla campanulate ;

tube broad ; lobes 6 to 12, contorted in bud, erect in flower, imbricate.

Stamens twice the number of the corolla-lobes or more, inserted in one

or more rows on the corolla-tube ; filaments usually short ; anthers

generally lanceolate, laterally or extrorsely dehiscing ; connective

generally produced in an acumen ; staminodes none. Ovary villous,

4-12- (usually 6-8-) -celled ; style linear, subulate, more or less elongate.

Fruit a globose or oblong or ovoid berry, few-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid,

usually compressed ; testa crustaeeous, shining ; hilum oblong or linear,

conspicuous ; albumen none ; cotyledons thick, fleshy ; radicle small. —

Distrib. About 40 species, found in India, Ceylon, the Malay Penin-

sula, and Malay Archipelago.

In several of the species the fruit is unknown, and some of these may prove, when

it becomes available, to belong to Payena, which is hardly separable except by the

important character of having albuminous seeds and leafy cotyledons.

We have not followed Baillon and Engler in changing the name of this genus to

Jllipe, as we agree in the opinions expressed by Drs. Trimen (“ Flora of Ceylon ”) and

Cooke (“Flora of Bombay”) that the word lllipe was not intended by Konig to be

employed as the name of a genus, but was merely mentioned as being the vernacular

name employed by the natives of Malabar for one of the species.

Flower-buds large, nearly -75 in. long, conical ; intramarginal

nerve of leaves prominent ; pedicels thick, 1-5 to 2 in. long

Flower-buds moderately large, about -4 in. long, globose ; intra-

marginal nerve present ; pedicels short, about -4 in. long : —

Intramarginal nerve conspicuous ; leaves 10 to 14 in. long . .

Intramarginal nerve faint ; leaves 4 to 6 in. long

Flower-buds moderately large, -4 in. long or rather less, conical : —

Leaves large, over 6 in. long ; main-nerves prominent : —

Pedicels over 1 in. long; leaves coriaceous, silky-pubescent

beneath ; main-nerves straight, intramarginal nerve present ;

connective of anthers penicillate

Pedicels under -6 in. long ; leaves chartaceous, sparsely

pubescent beneath ; main-nerves curved, no intramarginal

nerve ; connective of anthers not penicillate

Leaves moderate-sized, under 6 in. long ; main-nerves not

prominent . .

Flower-buds small, under -3 in. long, usually conical, generally

in many-flowered fascicles : —

Pedicels usually under o in. long : —

Pedicels and flower-buds densely tawny-pubescent ; connec-

tive of anthers produced in a long point

1. B. aristulata.

2. B. Kingiana.

3. B. Kunstleri.

4. B. penicillata.

5. B. malaccensis.

6. B. Curtisii.

7. B. laurifolia.

177

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pedicels and flower-buds thinly rusty-pubescent ; connective

of anthers produced in a short ciliate point . . . . 8. B. rupicola.

Pedicels -5 in. long or longer : —

Flowers fascicled in the axils of upper leaves generally,

rarely on old wood below them : — ■

Leaves glabrous, coriaceous, main-nerves indistinct . . 9. B. peraltemis.

Leaves grey-silky-pubeseent beneath, almost coriaceous,

main-nerves distinct but not prominent . . . . 10. B. argentea.

Leaves only slightly pubescent beneath, chartaceous,

main-nerves very prominent .. .. .. 11. B. Braceana.

Flowers fascicled chiefly in the axils of the scars of fallen

leaves, on old wood : —

Leaves chartaceous, elliptic ; main-nerves prominent .. 12. B. longistyla.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong ; main-nerves not prominent : —

Main-nerves of leaves (under 6 in. long) curved up-

wards, but no intramarginal nerve ; anther-connective

long-apiculate .. .. .. ..13. B. cuprea.

Main-nerves of leaves (over 6 in. long) meeting in an

intramarginal nerve ; anther-connective shortly apicu-

late . . . . . . . . . . 14. B. Motleyana.

Species op which Flowers are Imperfectly Known.

Leaves under 5 in. long, obovate, obtuse, greenish-brown when

dry .. .. •’ .. ..15. B. cuneata.

Leaves 5 to 7 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, greyish-green when

dry .. .. .. -. •• ..16. B. penangiana.

Leaves 6 to 8 in. long, obovate-oblong, orange-red when dry . . 17. B. erythrophylla .

1. Bassia aeistulata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree ; branchlets

stout, brown, lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous ; oblong, shortly and

rather suddenly acute at apex, somewhat rounded unequally and then

decurrent at base ; glabrous on both surfaces except on the midrib

beneath; margins slightly recurved; 6 to 10 in. long, 3 to 4 in.

broad ; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above ; main-nerves

24 to 28 pairs, conspicuous, parallel, - 3 to '4 in. apart, starting at about

75° with the midrib, scarcely curved, meeting in a conspicuous intra-

marginal looped nerve ; reticulations oblique, not prominent ; petiole

1-5 to 2 in. long, grooved above, much thickened below. Flowers

fascicled, about 2 to 6 together, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars

of fallen leaves, on very short tubercles ; pedicels thick, 1'5 to 2 in. long,

densely golden-pubescent, flattened under the flower ; buds elongate,

conical, nearly ’75 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, - 5 to '7 in. long ; the 2 outer

valvate, triangular-ovate, pubescent ; the 2 inner imbricate, concave,

ovate, pubescent. Corolla-tube short, "2 to '3 in. long, funnel-shaped,

densely pubescent inside ; lobes 8 to 9, oblong-lanceolate, - 4 in. long,

pubescent without. Stamens many, up to 36, in 2 or 3 rows, lowest

row about 8 to 9, second row 16 to 18, third row 8 to 9, inserted on the

top of the corolla-tube ; filaments very short, pubescent ; anthers

178

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

oblong, thin, -2 in. long, opening along their edge ; connective black,

prominent, ending in a long sharp awn, the anthers usually twisted

half round. Ovary silky-pubescent, flat at top, style glabrous about

■equal to corolla, cells 10 to 12. Fruit not known.

Pekak : at Goping, Scortechini 1984.

Said by Scortechini to give a guttapercha.

2. Bassia Kingiana, Brace MS. in Herb. Calc. A tree, reaching

50 to 60 feet in height, and 10 to 15 in. in diam. ; branchlets thick.

Leaves coriaceous, dark green ; obovate-oblong, rounded and then

shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous on

both surfaces, margins slightly reflexed ; 10 to 14 in. long, 35 to 45 in.

broad ; midrib very strong, prominent ; main-nerves about 20 pairs,

conspicuous, -5 to -7 in. apart, starting nearly at right angles to the

midrib and curving upwards to meet in a conspicuous intramarginal

looped nerve ; secondary nerves few but prominent ; reticulations dis-

tant, not numerous ; petiole 2 in. long, grooved above, swollen at base,

and then conspicuously rugose when dry ; stipules subulate-acuminate

from a broad base, very quickly caducous. Floivers fascicled, about

3 to 5 together, on small tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves on

the previous year’s wood ; pedicels recurved, thick, '4 in. long, enlarged

above, covered as also the calyx with appressed tawny pubescence ;

buds globose, about -4 in. long. Galyx-lohes 4, -4 in. in diam.; outer

2 imbricate, rounded emarginate, thick ; inner 2 also imbricate, concave,

ciliate on the margins. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, -15 in. long, rusty-

hirsute without, pubescent within ; lobes 12 to 16, white, much imbri-

cate or in 2 rows, spathulate, ciliate on the margins, hirsute, -25 in.

long. Stamens many, 32 to 36, in 2 rows on the top of the corolla-

tube ; filaments -1 in. long, rather stout, densely hirsute ; anthers linear-

oblong, -125 in. long ; connective produced into a broad appendage,

penieillate at tip, in bud merely aristate. Ovary rounded, villous ; style

thick, curved, pubescent, -3 in. long, with minute stigmatic lobes ; cells

about 8. Fruit a globose, thickly tawny -pubescent, berry, -75 in. in

diam., surmounted by the long subulate persistent style, seeds 1 to 2.

Seed not seen.

Peeak: King’s Collector 3314, 3678, 7389 ; in open jungle at 300 to

500 feet. Singapore : Bidley 6238, 6294.

3. Bassia Kunstleri, Brace MS. in Herb. Calc. A tree with

spreading branches, reaching a height of 30 to 40 feet and 10 to

15 in. in diam. ; branchlets slender, grey, innovations rusty-pubescent.

Leaves chartaceous ; obovate-oblong or oblong, abruptly acuminate at

apex, acuminate at base, glabrous on both surfaces ; 4 to 6 in. long,

179

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender, prominent ; main-nerves 15 to 2Q

pairs, starting at an angle of about 60° to the midrib and curving upwards

to meet in a faint intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves and

reticulations prominent ; petiole slender, 1 to 1'5 in. long, bordered above

in its upper part by tbe decurrent margins of the blade, base enlarged,

sometimes twisted. Flowers solitary or fascicled 2 to 3 together in the

axils of the leaves, or above the scars of fallen leaves ; pedicels thick,

•3 to '4 in. long, usually recurved, densely rusty- or golden-pubescent like

the calyx-lobes and fruit ; buds ovoid-orbicular about -4 in. long. Calyx-

lobes 4, -4 in. long ; outer valvate, ovate-orbicular ; inner imbricate, con-

cave, somewhat emarginate, thin and ciliate on the edges. Corolla

tubular-campanulate ; tube about '125 in. long, glabrous on both sides ,

lobes 16, in 2 rows, very much imbricate, shortly spathulate, rounded at

top, fimbriate on the margins, shortly pubescent within, 3-nerved.

Stamens about 32, in 2 rows, mixed with long unicellular brown hairs ;

filaments thick, about 0-5 in. long ; anthers oblong, opening by marginal

slits, often twisted half round ; connective conspicuous, produced in a

sharp mucro. Ovary rounded, villous ; style subulate, 5 to 7 in. long ,

cells about 8. Fruit an ovoid densely pubescent brown berry, ‘8 to 1 m.

long, 1-2-seeded, surmounted by the persistent style. Seed ovoid,

•obliquely pointed below, rounded above, '7 in. long, ’4 in. in diam.,

sometimes flattened on one side ; testa thin, crustaceous, chestnut-

brown, shining ; hilum very large, obovate ; albumen none ; cotyledons

thick, -5 in. long, ovate ; radicle small, pointed.

Perak : on Lariit peak, at 500 to 2,600 feet, King s Collector, 3241,

3547, 3964, 6410 ; Wray 2643, 3201 ; Curtis 3694 ; Ridley 5536.

4. Bassia penicillata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree, reach-

ing 60 feet in height with a girth of 4 feet ; ultimate branchlets and

innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ; oblong

•or somewhat obovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acute at apex,

unequally rounded at base ; glabrous above, thickly golden-silky-

pubescent beneath when young, afterwards glabrate ; margins recurved ;

6 to 10 in. long, 2’5 to 35 in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent, impressed

and keeled above ; main-nerves 24 to 28 pairs, conspicuous, paiallel,

•3 to -5 in. apart in large leaves, starting at about 80° with the midrib,

•curved only near the margin to meet in an inconspicuous looped

intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves many in large leaves ; reticula-

tions oblique, not prominent ; petiole 1-2 to 1-5 in. long, thickened below.

Flowers fascicled, about 1 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves, on very

short rusty-pubescent tubercles; pedicels 1 to 1-2 in. long, slender,

pubescent; buds conical. Calyx-lobes 4, sometimes 5, -4 in. long;

■outer pair ovate-acuminate, densely rusty-pubescent, thick ; inner pair,

180

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

sometimes 3, ovate acuminate, thinner, pubescent on the back, eiliate

and more or less scarious on the margins. Corolla campanulate, '4 in.

long ; tube nearly -2 in. long, glabrous outside, densely ferruginous hairy

within in the upper half ; lobes 10 (?), lanceolate, acuminate, as long as

tube. Stamens 20 in 1 row, but the 10 opposite the corolla-lobes

behind the 10 alternate with them ; filaments -05 in. long, hairy ;

anthers linear-sagittate, extrorse, the connective produced in a long

penicillate acumen. Ovary rounded, densely hairy, as is the lower

half of the - 75 in. long slender style ; cells 10. Fruit not known.

Pkovince Wellesley : at Tassek Glugor, Curtis 3737, said to be

common. Vern. name “ Minjato."

In its leaves this species greatly resembles B. aristulata, but the slender pedicels,,

smaller flowers, acuminate calyx, and penicillate anthers at once distinguish it.

5. Bassia malaccensis, King & Gamble. A large tree (?); branchlets

dark brown, rough, with prominent old leaf-sears, innovations nearly

glabrous. Leaves chartaceous or almost membranous ; obovate or

obovate-oblong, obtuse or shortly and abruptly acute at apex, cuneate

at base ; glabrous above, sparsely and minutely pubescent beneath

when young, glabrous when old ; 6 to 12 in. long, 4 to 6-5 in. broad ;

midrib prominent, thick ; main-nerves very conspicuous, 14 to 16 pairs,

parallel, in average leaves -5 in. apart, in large ones often nearly 1 in.,

starting at an angle of 60° with the midrib, at once curving gently

upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves few, reticulations

mostly transverse, not prominent; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, slightly

bordered above to about half-way down by the decurrent margins of the

blade, base much swollen, wrinkled. Flowers fascicled 4 to 8 together in

the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, on rather thick

pubescent tubercles ; pedicels ‘4 to - 6 in. long, pubescent ; buds when

young rounded-conical. Calyx-lobes 4 ; 2 outer valvate or slightly

imbricate, ovate, bluntly acute or mucronate, rusty-pubescent, -25 in.

long; 2 inner imbricate, ovate-acute, margins sometimes scarious,

sometimes eiliate, back thickly rusty-pubescent, more or less keeled.

Corolla campanulate ; tube very short, rarely -1 in. long, with a short

ring of hairs at the mouth inside ; lobes 10-12, lanceolate, obtuse, sub-

2-seriate, -25 to - 3 in. long, glabrous except for a few stiff hairs outside.

Stamens 20 to 24 in 2 rows ; the inner almost or quite sessile, alternate

with the corolla-lobes ; the outer with short densely pubescent filaments,

longer than the inner ones; anthers narrowly lanceolate with long

hairs, opening on the margins ; connective produced in a long hair-like

acumen. Ovary hairy, elongate, conical, style -25 in. long. Fruit a

fleshy obovate-oblong berry with somewhat flattened top, surmounted

181

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

by the persistent base of the style and supported by the persistent

calyx-lobes, nearly 1 in. long. Seed 1, oblong, acute at the top,

•7 in. long, -35 in. broad, and about -3 in. thick ; testa shining,

crustaceous, chestnut-brown ; hilum -15 to '2 in. broad ; albumen none ;

cotyledons thick, inner face somewhat striate ; radicle rather large,

inferior. Payena malaccensis, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 547.

Keratephorus Wightii, Maingay MS. ( not of Hassk.).

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3610; Maingay (K.D.) 992. Perak: Wray

1229 ; Scortechini 314. Singapore : Ridley 2082, 2757, 5643, 6042,

6132, 6133, 6498, 6499, 6500, 6531, 8078, 10159.

Wray says this species gives only a sticky gutta in small quantities.

6. Bassia Curtisii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching 40 to

50 feet in height ; branches greyish-brown, strongly marked by the scars

of fallen leaves and the prominent tubercles of fallen flowers, innovations

very slightly rusty-pubescent, thick. Leaves very coriaceous ; clustered

at the ends of the branchlets, obovate or sometimes lanceolate-obovate,

obtuse emarginate or very suddenly and shortly blunt-acuminate ;

glabrous on both surfaces, margins strongly recurved ; 4 to 6 in. long,

1-25 to 2'5 in. broad ; midrib stout, prominent ; main-nerves not promi-

nent, 14 to 15 pairs, at an angle of about 70° with the midrib, - 3 to -4 in.

apart, straight, joined near the margin by a looped intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves prominent, reticulations few ; all raised on the under

surface ; petiole -7 to 1 in. long, rather thick, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade, base swollen. Flowers fascicled, many (10 to 12)

together on prominent tubercles in the axils of the scars of fallen leaves

below the leaf-cluster, and covering the branchlets densely for a

distance of about 4 in. ; pedicels -25 (buds) to - 5 (flower) in. long,

somewhat angular, decurved, densely pale tawny-pubescent ; buds

ovoid-conical. Calyx-lobes rounded, obtuse, densely tawny-pubescent,

■2 in. long, the outer pair thick, the inner somewhat keeled, scarious on

the margins. Corolla campanulate, rather longer than the calyx ; tube

short, glabrous except for the ring of hairs at the insertion of the

stamens ; lobes 8, oblong spathulate, ciliate and hirsute at the tip.

Stamens 16 ; filaments short, slender, villous ; anthers ovate-acute, the

connective ending in a sharp conical acumen, extrorse. Ovary rounded,

villous ; style thick glabrous, stigmas minute ; cells 8. Fruit an oblong

berry, covered without with appressed golden pubescence, - 5 to - 7 in.

long, -5 in. broad, crowned with the persistent style and supported by

the persistent calyx ; seeds 1-2, placentas thin. Seeds oblong, pointed

at the ends ; testa crustaceous, shining ; hilum narrow ; albumen none ;

cotyledons thick, fleshy, radicle small.

182

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Penang : Curtis 1451, 3536. Pebak : Wray 512, Vern. “ Gutta

Gannu ” ; Scortecliini 1408.

This species comes near both to B. Motleyana, from which it differs in having

more coriaceous leaves, larger flowers, and a pubescent fruit ; and to B. cuneata, in

which the leaves (judging from the poor specimens in Kew Herbarium) are thinner

and the fruit larger and nearly glabrous, with more rounded seeds and a broad

hilum.

7. Bassia laurifolia, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching

■60 feet in height and a diam. of 12 to 18 in. ; branches spreading ;

branchlets pale brown, rather thick, innovations densely pubescent

with yellowish-tawny hairs. Leaves chartaceous ; obovate-lanceolate,

gradually acuminate at apex, also at base ; glabrous on both surfaces

except on the sides of the midrib beneath ; 5 to 10 in. long, 1-5 to

3'5 in. broad ; midrib prominent, impressed and keeled above ; main-

nerves prominent, regular, 14 or 15 pairs, about - 3 in. apart, starting at

about 45° with the midrib, gradually curving upwards ; reticulations

obliquely transverse, faintly marked ; petiole ’75 to 1 in. long, slender,

glabrous above, tawny-pubescent at base, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade and marked above by the produced keel of the

midrib ; stipules linear-subulate, tawny-pubescent, nearly - 5 in. long,

very caducous. Flowers fascicled, about 6 together, on hairy tubercles

in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves near the top of

the branchlets; pedicels -4 to '5 in. long, usually recurved, densely

tawny-pubescent, thicker in fruit ; buds small, conical. Calyx-lobes 4,

about - 2 in. long, rather narrowly ovate; the outer pair obtuse; the inner

acute, all densely tawny-pubescent without, glabrous within. Corolla

campanulate ; tube '05 in. long with a ring of hairs at the mouth inside ;

lobes 8, oblong-spathulate, '1 in. long, glabrous. Stamens 14 to 16, - 1 in.

long ; filaments short, thickly hairy ; anthers linear-sagittate, the con-

nective produced in a long sharp acumen. Ovary rounded, glabrous ;

style slender, -3 in. long ; cells apparently 8. Fruit a black glabrous

oblong berry about -6 to '7 in. long and -4 in. broad. Seed 1, ovoid,

*5 to '6 in. long, slightly compressed ; testa thin, crustaceous, shining,

dark brown ; hilum broad ; albumen none ; cotyledons oblong, fleshy,

about ‘3 in. long and nearly -2 in. broad ; radicle inferior, rather large.

Pebak : on low ground, King’s Collector 3104, 3718, 3720.

Vak. obtusa, King & Gamble. Leaves obtuse with an abrupt

acumen. Calyx-lobes obtuse, thickened at tip. Corolla-lobes ciliate

at the apex, glandular-striate ; anthers and produced connective very

hirsute.

Penang : Curtis 159, 2254, 3589 — a small tree, fairly common.

Var. parvifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves smaller than in type ;

183

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

innovations not tawny-pubescent. Calyx-lobes more rounded and

glabrous ; pedicels longer.

Kedah : on Kedah Peak, Bidley 5506.

Ridley’s No. 2673 from Tahan Woods, Pahang, is very near B. laurifolia, but the

pedicels are much longer and the calyx-lobes not tawny-pubescent. The material is

insufficient for description.

8. Bassia rupicola, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching 40 to

60 feet in height and 15 to 20 in. in diam. ; branchlets dark grey,

marked by the prominent scars of fallen leaves, innovations puberulous ;

leaf-bud scales ovate-lanceolate, -25 in. long. Leaves coriaceous ; obovate-

oblong, bluntly acute at apex, cuneately attenuate at base ; dull and

glabrous on both surfaces ; 3'5 to 5'5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib

thick, conspicuous ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of

45° with the midrib, then curving upwards, sometimes rather indistinct,

about - 4 in. apart; reticulations many, obscure, obliquely transverse ;

petiole - 5 to 1 in. long, grooved above and bordered by the decurrent

base of the blade, swollen below. Flowers fascicled, about 5 together,

in the axils of the leaves, on small tubercles; pedicels - 15 in. long,

ferruginous-pubescent like the calyx and buds. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer

valvate; 2 inner valvate or imbricate, ovate, -2 to '25 in. long; all more or

less recurved and ciliate at tip. Corolla tubular-campanulate, lobes and

tube nearly equal, mouth of tube inside with a ring of soft ferruginous

hairs; lobes oblong, ciliate at tip, sparsely hairy without, nerves spreading.

Stamens 16, inserted above the ring of hairs in the mouth of the tube ;

filaments slender, -05 in. long, pubescent ; anthers ovate-mucronate, tip

ciliate, extrorse. Ovary ovoid ; style curved, -3 in. long, stigma flat,

minute. Fruit not seen.

Perak : in rocky creeks on Gunong Batu at 1,500 to 2,000 feet,

King’s Collector 7411.

9. Bassia perakensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching

60 to 80 feet in height and a considerable girth ; branchlets thick,

dark grey, prominently marked by the scars of fallen leaves and the

tubercles on which the flower fascicles grew. Leaves coriaceous ; oblong

or obovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, acuminately

narrowed at base ; margins recurved, glabrous on both surfaces ; 4 to

6 in. long, 1'5 to 2-5 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent ; main-nerves

slender, indistinct, 14 to 18 pairs, starting at an angle of 50° with the

midrib, parallel, straight at first, arching near the margin to join in an

intra-marginal looped nerve which is also met by the secondary nerves

between the main ones ; reticulations faintly marked on both surfaces ;

petiole -75 to 1 in. long, rather thick, bordered above by the deeurrent

184

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

margins of the blade, swollen below. Flowers in fascicles of up to 10-

to 12, on tubercles in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of fallen

leaves on the previous year’s wood ; pedicels - 5 to ’6 in. long, slender,

flattened below the flowers, densely pubescent at first, afterwards nearly

glabrous, recurved in fruit ; buds small, conical. Calyx-lobes 4, ■ 2 in. long ;

2 upper ovate-acute, densely pubescent, valvate ; 2 lower imbricate, also

densely pubescent, ciliate on the margins, somewhat keeled, ovate-

acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes 8, throat villous. Stamens about

16 ; filaments short glabrous ; anthers sagittate. Ovary globose, villous,

8-celled, style -3 to '4 in. long, stigma minutely lobed. Fruit an ovoid

densely pubescent berry about -7 to ’9 in. in diam., crowned by the

persistent style ; seeds 1-2. Seed ovoid-oblong, - 65 in. by - 35 in., acute

at base ; testa shining, chestnut-brown, thin, crustaceous ; hilum large,

oblong ; albumen none ; cotyledons oblong, - 45 in. long, ‘25 in. broad,

radicle very small.

Peeak: King’s Collector 512, 3846; Curtis 3695, on the Larut hill

up to 2,500 feet.

10. Bassia aegentea, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 545 (1882)

( not of de Vriese). A large tree ; branchlets rather thick, greyish-brown.

Leaves coriaceo-chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acumi-

nate at apex, acute and often unequal at base ; glabrous above, shining

grey-silky beneath when young, nearly glabrous when old ; 4 to 7 in.

long, 2'5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, thick; main-nerves 13 to

15 pairs, about -4 in. apart, starting at about 60° with the midrib, at

first straight then curving upwards ; reticulations many, very oblique ;.

petiole 1 in. long, upper part bordered by the decurrent margin of the

blade, swollen below and rugose. Floivers fascicled in clusters of 6 to

10 in the axils of the leaves, or above the scars of fallen leaves ; pedicels

slender, about '5 in. long, appressed-pubescent ; buds conical. Calyx-

lobes 4, outer and inner pairs both valvate ; lobes ovate, • 2 to - 25 in. long,,

acute, pubescent. Corolla tubular-campanulate, tube "1 in. long ; lobes

8 to 9, - 15 in. long, linear-oblong. Stamens usually 24, in 3 rows, inserted

on the top of the tube on a ring of rusty hairs ; filaments very small or

none ; anthers ovate, densely hirsute, black-apiculate. Ovary rounded,

depressed above, villous ; style - 2 to - 3 in. long, villous half-way up,

subulate ; stigma capitate ; cells 8 to 10. Fruit not seen.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 991, 1524 ; Derry 941.

Bassia argentea, de Yriese, seems to be a Sideroxylon, cf. Burck & Koord. & Val.

11. Bassia Beaceana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree with spreading

branches, reaching 50 to 70 feet in height and 10 to 20 in. in diam.

branchlets pale brown. Leaves chartaceous ; bright green, glossy.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 185

oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate both at apex and at base ; glabrous

abo.ve, minutely pubescent on the nerves or in the axils of the nerves

beneath ; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib thick, impressed

above ; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, regular, parallel, conspicuous, about

•4 in. apart, starting at about 60° with the midrib, arching upwards to

join near the margin ; reticulations oblique, slender but conspicuous,

joining the main-nerves more or less horizontally ; petiole - 8 to 1-4 in.

long, grooved above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the

blade, thickened and somewhat curved below. Floivers fasciculate,

usually 4 to 7 together, in the axils of the leaves, or above the scars of

fallen leaves on the last year’s wood below ; pedicels -4 to ‘6 in. long,

thickened above, otherwise slender, slightly pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4,

■15 to "25 in. long; 2 outer opposite ovate rounded, enclosing the 2

inner concave rounded; sometimes ciliate on the margins, sometimes

slightly emarginate, all more or less golden-pubescent without, enlarged

after flowering. Corolla cream-coloured ; tube cylindrical, short, about

■1 in. long only ; lobes more or less spreading, 8 to 9, linear-oblong, -2 in.

long, slightly twisted. Stamens 16 to 18, in 2 rows, inserted on the

top of the tube inside above a thick ring of tawny hairs ; filaments very

short ; anthers ovate-lanceolate, strigosely hirsute, the connective

ending in a long dark acumen. Ovary globose, glabrous; style -15 in.

long, stigmas very minute ; cells about 8. Fruit an oblong green fleshy

berry, -8 to 1 in. long, crowned by the remains of the style ; seed

usually 1 only. Seed ovoid, flattened, -8 in. long, ■ 5 in. broad, and

•25 in. thick; testa chestnut-brown, shinihg, crustaceous; hilum elongate,

pale, conspicuous ; albumen none ; cotyledons thick, -5 to -6 in. long,

ovoid, somewhat acute ; radicle minute.

Penang : Curtis 3063. Pebak : King’s Collector 1846, 3195, 3275,

3740, 6447, 7584, 10412 ; Scortechini 314, 1483 ; Wray 1775, 2613,

2694.

Vae. lanceolata, King & Gamble. Leaves narrower, more lanceolate-

acuminate ; main-nerves closer. Floivers more numerous in the

fascicles and fascicles more numerous on the last year’s wood.

Corolla-lobes often unequal in length, acute. Anthers with the

acumen bifid.

Pebak : Wray 189, 1248, up to 3,400 feet.

13. Bassia longistyla, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree,

reaching 80 to 100 feet in height ; branchlets thick, dark greyish-

brown, innovations minutely pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic,

shortly and rather abruptly acuminate at both apex and base ; glabrous

on both surfaces ; 3-5 to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib

slender ; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, leaving the midrib almost at right

186

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

angles and curving upwards to meet near the margin ; secondary-

nerves somewhat prominent as are the reticulations; petiole - 6 to '8 in.

long, slender, grooved above. Flowers fascicled, often up to 10 together,

on tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves on the last year’s wood ;

pedicels slender, glabrous, '5 to -7 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, -15 to -2 in.

long, ovate, somewhat acute, somewhat pubescent outside, the 2 outer

enclosing the 2 inner. Corolla with very short (-05 in. long) cylindrical

tube ; lobes 8 to 9, rather spreading, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or

emarginate, prominently nerved, glabrous. Stamens 16 to 18, -2 in.

long, inserted in 2 rows on the top of the tube above a short ring of

tawny hairs ; filaments -125 in. long, slender ; anthers ovate, -075 in.

long, apiculate, extrorse. Ovary cylindrical, style -5 in. long, sur-

mounted by a minute rounded stigma. Fruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 2680. Singapore: Ridley 6498 (?).

This species comes very near to B. Braceana, but the anthers differ so much that

we hesitate to join them.

13, Bassia cupbea, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching 60 to

70 feet in height ; branchlets thick, brown, uppermost somewhat angular.

Leaves coriaceous ; oblong, obtuse or emarginate at apex, attenuate at

base and somewhat unequal; glabrous above, sparsely hairy on the

nerves beneath, otherwise glabrous ; 4-5 to 6 in. long, 2'5 to 3 in.

broad ; of a coppery-brown colour when dry ; midrib very thick and

prominent ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50°

with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the margin ; reticulations

visible but not strong ; petiole thick, -75 to 1 in. long, bordered above

by the decurrent margin of the blade. Floivers fasciculate in the axils of

the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, 2 to 5 or more in a fascicle,

fragrant ; pedicels -5 in. long, pubescent ; buds conical, "3 in. long.

Calyx-lobes 4, -25 in. long; 2 outer valvate, broadly ovate, shortly

pubescent ; 2 inner rounded concave, shallowly emarginate, ciliate and

scarious on the margins, pubescent without. Corolla - 4 in. long ; tube

funnel-shaped, -1 in. long, mouth densely brown-hirsute; lobes 8-9,

erect or spreading, -3 in. long, oblong, rounded at apex, long brown-

silky-pubescent on back, strigosely hairy within. Stamens 18 to 22,

inserted on the mouth of the tube ; filaments hairy, -05 in. long ;

anthers ovate-acuminate, -15 in. long, the connective produced in a

long usually curved acumen, strigosely hirsute. Ovary oblong, glabrous,

8- 10-celled, ending in a style -5 in. long surmounted by a minutely

9- 10-lobed flat stigma. Fruit not seen.

Perak : Scortechini 1879.

This species comes near to B. Motleyana, Clarke, but the flowers are much larger

and different.

187

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

14. Bassia Motleyana, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 546

(1882). An erect lofty tree of swampy places; branchlets dark brown,

marked by prominent leaf-scars. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic, shortly and

abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, the two sides sometimes-

unequal ; glabrous on both surfaces ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1'5 to 2-5 in. broad ;

midrib prominent, raised above ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregularly

spaced, generally at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, meeting near

the margin in a looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves prominent,

similar to the main-nerves, reticulations few; petiole -8 to l - 2 in. long,

rather thick, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers

fascicled, many together (10 to 12), in the axils of the leaves or of the

scars of fallen leaves below the terminal tuft, often fully clothing

the branchlets for a distance of 6 in. or more ; pedicels slender, -4 to

•7 in. long, buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes 4, -15 to -2 in. long, ovate, obtuse

or somewhat acute, sparsely pubescent, the inner pair somewhat

scarious on the margins. Corolla campanulate, ‘15 to '2 in. long ;

tube short, about £ of the whole ; lobes 8, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner,

oblong-spathulate, obtuse at tip and ciliately ferruginous-pubescent.

Stamens 16, inserted on the top of the tube on a ring of long ferruginous-

hairs ; filaments short, slender ; anthers ovate-lanceolate, short-apiculate..

Ovary rounded, villous, 6-8-celled ; style '5 in. long, thick, sparsely

pubescent. Fruit an obovoid glabrous berry, acute at top and

furnished with the remains of the persistent style ; calyx-lobes also

persistent ; '5 in. long, -3 in. broad, 1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong, acute at

both ends ; testa crustaceous, shining ; albumen none ; cotyledons

fleshy; radicle small. Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 44. Isonandra

Motleyana, de Vriese in Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl, I. (1861) 257.

Malacca: Griffith (K.O .) 3608; Derry 1026. Johore : Bidley 64.96.

Singapore : Bidley 5645, 5896. — Distrib. Borneo {fide Burck).

De Vriese says the milky juice gives a gutta of bad quality, being more waxy and

fragile than that of other kinds.

Yar. Scortechmii, King & Gamble. Leaves much larger, 6 to 8 in.,

long, 2-5 to 3'5 in. broad, main-nerves 15 or 16 pairs. Fruit nearly

globose — a dark green berry, shining when dry.

Perak: Scortechini, at Port Weld, No. 1550; King’s Collector 5454,

6735, on low, wet ground — a tree reaching 60 to 80 feet in height and

15 to 20 in. in diam.

15. Bassia cuneata, Bl. Bijdr. 675. A tree (?) ; branchlets dark

brown, scarred, rather thick. Leaves coriaceous ; clustered at the

ends of the branchlets, greenish-brown when dry, obovate, obtuse-

emarginate or very shortly and abruptly acute at apex, cuneate at base ;

188

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous, margins slightly recurved ; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ;

midrib stout, prominent, impressed above ; main-nerves not prominent,

about 20 pairs, nearly at right angles to the midrib, anastomosing near

the margin with the secondary nerves ; reticulations transverse ; petiole

•6 to 1 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers in axillary fascicles as long as the petiole, not seen. Fruit a

globose berry -75 to 1 in. in diam., 1-3-seeded. Seeds - 5 to '7 in. long,

•5 in. broad and thick, ovoid, not compressed, pointed at both ends ;

testa orustaceous, chestnut-brown, shining ; hilum very broad (-4 in.) ;

albumen none ; cotyledons fleshy, semi-ellipsoidal. Miq. El. Ind. Bat.

II. 1041 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 199 ; Clarke in Hook. f. El. Br. Ind. III.

546 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 154.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 986. Singapore : Bidley 6502.—

Distrib. Java.

16. Bassia penangiana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ;

branchlets dark grey. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, acutely

attenuate at both ends ; glabrous, greyish-green when dry ; 5 to

7 in. long, 1'5 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib broad, conspicuous, impressed

above and then keeled ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at an

angle of about 50° with the midrib and curved upwards to and along

the margin ; reticulations transverse, raised above ; petiole 1 to 1-2 in.

long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade, swollen at base ;

stipules very small, ovate, pubescent, caducous. Floivers in fascicles of

about 5 to 6 in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels slender, -4 to - 5 in.

long, appressed rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4, ovate, obtusely

acuminate, recurved, ‘2 in. long, lower half thick, wrinkled, upper

half thinner, somewhat searious, sparsely appressed golden-pubescent.

Corolla tubular-eampanulate, "25 in. long ; lobes 8 (?), oblong-spathulate,

glabrous within, golden-pubescent without ; tube rather shorter than

lobes. Stamens 16 (?), inserted in a ring of hairs on the top of the

tube ; filaments slender ; anthers linear-oblong, hirsute, the connective

produced in a rather long, somewhat blunt, penicillate mucro. Ovary

conical, glabrous ; style slender, - 3 in. long ; cells 8.

Penang : Curtis 1450.

17. Bassia erythrophylla, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, 40 to

50 feet in height and 1 foot in diam. ; branchlets thick, grey, marked

with the scars of fallen leaves and the tubercles of fallen flowers.

Leaves coriaceous : obovate-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate at

apex, unequally attenuate at base ; glabrous, orange-red when dry,

margins slightly recurved; 6 to 8 in. long, l - 5 to 2-5 in. broad;

midrib thick, prominent below, impressed above ; main-nerves 10 to 12

pairs, rather irregular, starting at an angle of 60° from the midrib and

189

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

curved upwards to and along the margin ; reticulations transverse,

prominent, raised beneath ; petiole 1'5 to 2 in. long, thickened at base,

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, younger ones

golden-pubescent ; stipules linear-subulate, -3 to -4 in. long, quickly

caducous. Flowers fascicled, about 5 to 6 together, on raised tubercles

above the scars of fallen leaves on year-old wood ; pedicels in fruit

thick, -5 to -6 in. long, golden-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4, in fruit ovate-

acute or rounded, densely golden-pubescent on both surfaces, thick ;

rest unknown. Fruit a globose, golden-pubescent, berry somewhat

depressed at top and bearing the remains of the persistent style,

■5 to -6 in. in diam. Seed not seen.

Penang : at Highlands, Curtis 3652 (Kew) or 5652 (Calc.).

7. Palaquium, Blanco.

Trees, often of great size and containing a milky juice. Leaves

usually coriaceous, obovate or oblong, petioled, entire, sometimes

covered beneath with a dense silky or tawny pubescence. Flowers

fasciculate, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen

leaves, pedicellate. Calyx of 6 lobes, the outer 3 valvate, the inner 3

imbricate. Corolla usually campanulate, tube short ; lobes 6, imbricate,

often contorted in bud. Stamens 12 or more (up to 18), opposite to and

alternate with the corolla-lobes, those alternate often shorter and some-

times inserted higher up the tube ; anthers ovate-lanceolate, dehiscence

extrorse, connective produced ; staminodes none. Ovary villous, 6-eelled ;

style subulate. Fruit a fleshy, ovoid or ellipsoid, berry, 1-2-seeded.

Seeds large, exalbuminous ; the testa crustaceous ; cotyledons thick,

fleshy; radicle pointed, inferior. — Distrib. About 50 to 60 species,

found in South India, Ceylon, Eastern Bengal, Burma, the Malay

Peninsula and Archipelago, the Philippines, and Samoa (1 sp.).

Dichopsis, Thw. in. Gen. PI. II. 658.

Pedicels never over -75 in. long, distributed for some distance

down the upper branchlets : —

Leaves large, 5 to 12 in. long, obovate-obtuse ; branchlets

stout, nearly • 5 in. thick : —

Leaves nearly glabrous and glaueescent beneath, main-

nerves distant, irregular . . . . . . 1. P. obovatum.

Leaves ferruginous-pubescent or -tomentose beneath,

main-nerves fairly close and regular : —

Leaves appressed-pubescent beneath, midrib glabrous

on upper surface . . . . . . . . 2. P. Maingayi.

Leaves spreading-tomentose beneath, midrib hairy on

upper surface .. .. .. .. 3. P. Clarkeanum.

Leaves rarely over 6 in. long, branchlets rarely -25 in.

thick : —

Leaves always more or less obovate : —

190

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves golden-silky-pubeseent beneath : —

Main-nerves close, over 20 pairs

Main-nerves about J in. apart, under 20 pairs

Leaves not or only very slightly silky-pubescent

beneath : —

Leaves conspicuously red or yellow when dry

Leaves not conspicuously red or yellow when dry,

usually brown or greenish-brown : —

Leaves over 3 in. long

Leaves 2 to 3 in. long

Leaves under 2 in. long

Leaves elliptic, not obovate: —

Produced connective of anthers bifid at point ; leaves

glabrous . .

Produced connective of anthers simple at point ; leaves

grey-pubescent beneath

Pedicels 1 in. long or longer, clustered only at the extreme ends

of the branchlets ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 in. long

4. P. Gutta.

5. P. Oxleyanum.

6. P. xanthochymum.

7. P. bancanum.

8. P. Bidleyi.

9. P. microphyllum.

10. P. hexandrum.

11. P. Herveyi.

12. P. stellatum.

1. Palaquium obovatum, King & Gamble. A big tree with a foxy

odour (Ridley), evergreen; the branches thick, brown, marked by the

very prominent scars of fallen leaves ; leaves clustered towards the

ends of the branchlets ; innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ,

obovate-cuneate or obovate-oblong, obtuse or very shortly acute at

apex, cuneate at base ; recurved and somewhat undulate on the

margins ; glabrous above, glaueescent beneath ; 5 to 12 in. long, 2

to 4 in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above, much raised

beneath ; main-nerves about 12 pairs, at an angle of 40° to 45° with the

midrib, inconspicuous above, raised and prominent beneath ; reticulations

many, oblique, obscure ; petiole thick, "7 to 1 in. long, bordered above

by the decurrent margins of the blade, glabrescent or slightly rusty-

pubescent. Floivers in clusters in the axils of the leaves or on tubercles

above tbe scars of fallen leaves ; pedicels 3 to 5 together, ‘3 to - 5 in.

long, rusty-pubescent ; buds at first globose, afterwards elongate by

the growth of the corolla. Calyx-lobes 6; outer 3 triangular-ovate,

thick, pubescent outside, '15 in. long ; inner 3 imbricate, ovate-obtuse,

■1 in. long, margins scarious. Corolla campanulate ; tube very short ;

lobes 6, imbricate and twisted, ‘4 to - 5 in. long, glabrous without, slightly

pubescent within. Stamens 12, the 6 longer opposite to, the 6 shorter

alternate with, the lobes of the corolla, ovate lanceolate, apiculate,

thickly rusty-villous ; filaments as long as anthers, slender, glabrous.

Ovary globose ; style -5 in. long, subulate, glabrous. Fruit a globose

berry, '75 to 1 in. in diam., pulp fleshy, seeds 1 to 2. Seed ovoid,

scarcely flattened on one side, pointed at base ; testa thin, shining ;

albumen none, cotyledons fleshy. Dicliopsis obovata, Clarke in Hook,

f. Kl. Br. Ind. iii. 542. Isonandra obovata, Griff. Notul. iv. 293 ; Kurz

191

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

For. FI. II. 120 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 230. Bassia ?

hypoleuca, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 582 ( fide Kurz).

Penang : Holmberg 783. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3606 ; Maingay

(K.D.) 985, 996 ; Curtis 3480, 3481, 3482 ; Hervey 2754 ; Derry 59, 88 ;

Bidley 10079 ; Goodenough 1994. Singapore : T. Anderson 122 ; Bidley.

— Distrib. Tenasserim, Sumatra.

Cui'tis says it gives a low class bastard gutta of little value. Vern. “ Niato bunga ”

■“ Niato tunbaga ” “ Niato balam.”

2. Palaquium Maingayi, King & Gamble. A tree ; stems reach-

ing 60 feet in height and 10 to 15 in. in diam. ; branchlets dark

brown, rough, about -4 in. in diam., marked by the large scars of fallen

leaves ; innovations densely short-rusty-pubescent. Leaves charta-

ceous ; obovate, obtuse at apex, cuneate or slightly rounded and more or

less aurieled at base ; margins recurved ; glabrous above except on

midrib, thickly ferruginous-pubescent beneath ; 5 to 13 in. long, 3 to

7 in. broad ; midrib stout, impressed above, prominent beneath, main-

nerves 12 to 20 pairs, -5 to -8 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 55°

with the midrib, parallel to near the margin and then curving upwards

to join in a marginal nerve ; reticulations not prominent, obliquely join-

ing the main-nerves ; petiole 1 to 1'5 in. long, thickly rusty-pubescent,

channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade ; stipules

subulate falcate, '5 in. long, very caducous. Flowers fasciculate, up to

10 together, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves ;

pedicels -5 to -7 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6; outer 3 valvate,

ovate, densely pubescent, ‘15 in. long ; inner 3 imbricate, orbicular,

depressed at top, scarious and ciliate on the margins, -15 in. long.

Corolla eampanulate ; tube short (-1 in.) ; lobes 6, imbricate, overlapping

to the right, ovate-oblong, glabrous, ‘25 to -35 in. long. Stamens 12,

•25 in. long, opposite to and alternate with corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate,

apiculate, slightly rusty-hirsute behind; filaments as long as anthers,

slender. Ovary rounded; style - 2 to - 4 in. long, subulate; cells 6. Fruit

a shining, green, fleshy berry, about - 5 in. long, supported by the per-

sistent calyx. Seeds 2, oblong ; testa dark brown, crustaceous ; albumen

none. Dichopsis Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 543.

Perak: Wray 524, 553, 2215, up to 2,000 feet ; King's Collector 6644.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 996/2 ; Hervey.

P. Ottolanderi, Koord. & Val. of Java is near this species, but is readily dis-

tinguished by its larger flowers and long pointed fruit.

3. Palaquium Clarkeanum, King & Gamble. A large tree, with

■thick rough bark and spreading branches, reaching 100 to 150 feet in

192

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

height and 2 to 4 feet in diam. of stem ; branchlets stout, uppermost

•5 in. in diam., prominently pitted with the scars of fallen leaves, densely

ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous ; obovate, obtuse at apex,

cuneate at base; glabrous above except on the midrib which is strongly

pubescent, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; margins recurved ;

8 to 10 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad ; midrib very thick ; main-nerves 18

to 22 pairs, rather irregular, starting at about 70° to 80° with the midrib,

straight at first then arching at and along the margin, impressed above;

reticulations obliquely transverse, prominent ; petiole ’7 to 1 in. long,

thick, densely ferruginous-tomentose, enlarged at base. Floivers not

seen. Fruit an oblong, glossy, bright green berry, 2 in. long, 1-seeded.

Seed oblong, acute at both ends, rounded on the back, flattened at the

hilum, 1-2 in. long, -5 in. broad ; testa thin, chartaceous, shining,

chestnut-brown ; hilum oblong ; cotyledons oblong, fleshy. Dichopsis

Clarkeana, Brace MS. in Herb. Calc.

Perak : at Waterfall Hill, 600 feet, Wray 530 ; on open hills near

Larut at 500 to 1,000 feet, King’s Collector 3796.

Wray says the gutta it gives is not enough in quantity to be worth extraction. The

tree is evidently closely allied to P. Maingayi, and might almost be made a variety

of that species.

' 4. Palaquium Gutta, Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 24, t. IV.

(1885). A large evergreen tree ; branchlets rough, prominently marked

with the sears of fallen leaves and with longitudinal wrinkles ;

innovations minutely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;

obovate or obovate-oblong, abruptly and usually shortly acuminate

at apex rarely rounded, cuneate at base ; margins slightly recurved ;

glabrous above, densely appressed-golden-silky-pubescent beneath

especially when young, when old glabrescent ; 3 to 5 in. long, 1‘5

to 2-5 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above; main-nerves

24 to 30 pairs, indistinct, starting at rather more than 60° with the

midrib, parallel and arching only close to the margin ; secondary

nerves and reticulations inconspicuous, the latter very oblique ; petiole

1 to 1-5 in. long, slender, grooved above, slightly thickened at base,

appressed-golden-pubescent. Floivers in fascicles of about 4 to 5, in

the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves on the previous

year’s wood ; pedicels thick, -1 to -2 in. long, somewhat angular,

densely golden-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6; 3 outer valvate, triangular-

ovate, -3 in. long ; 3 inner imbricate, rather longer and more acute,

golden-pubescent without. Corolla rotate-campanulate ; tube shorter

than the calyx ; lobes 6, ovate, obtuse, imbricate and twisted at first,

afterwards spreading, - 25 in. long, glabrous. Stamens 12, opposite to

193

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

and alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted at the top of the tube ; fila-

ments equal, slender, T in. long ; anthers shorter than the filaments, ovate,

extrorse, the connective produced in a broad point. Ovary sub-globose,

slightly pubescent, 6-celled ; ovules oblong, one in each cell ; style

•4 to - 5 in. long, filiform ; stigma obtuse. Fruit a 1-2-seeded berry,

•6 to -7 in. in diam., ovoid, acute at top; pulp very glutinous, hard.

Seeds oblong, rounded at the ends ; hilum very large, elliptic, occupying

about one-half of the surface ; testa shining. Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn.

Par. I. 498 ; Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IY. i. 135, fig. 71 ; Baill.

Hist, des PL XI. fig. 296. Dichopsis Gutta, Benth. in Gen. PL II. 658;

Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 543. Isonandra Gutta, Hook. Lond.

Journ. Bot. YI. 463 t. 16 ; Walp. Ann. i. 496 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II.

1038 t. XXXVI. ; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 167.

Penang : Curtis 780, 3535, 3582, 3633, 3635. Peeak : Wray 522.

Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 983. Dindings: Hallifax ( Curtis 3639).

Singapore : Lohh 290 ; Ridley 9519, 11320.

The true guttapercha tree, perhaps the most valuable of all the trees of the

Peninsula. It gives the “ Taban ” Gutta or “ Taban Merah.” It has become very

scarce in a wild state, but is now being much planted, so perhaps it may soon again

become common (see also H. C. Hill, Reports on Forest Conservancy in the Straits

Settlements and the Federated Malay States, and Burn-Murdoch in “ Indian Forester,”

XXXI. 309, “ Some Facts about Gutta Percha.”) Ridley, in Trans. Linn. Soc. III.

(1893), 317, says the tree was seen by him in several places in the Tahan woods, and

that a considerable amount of guttapercha is collected there.

Var. oblongifolia. A large tree ; stem reaching 80 feet in height

and up to 2 feet in diam. Leaves larger than in the typical form,

obovate-obloug or lanceolate-oblong ; longer, abruptly acuminate,

reaching 7 in. in length and 3 in. in breadth, rather more con-

spicuously golden-pubescent. Flowers similar but a little larger,

pedicels a little shorter. Fruit rather larger, less acute at top. P.

oblongifolium, Burck in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. V. 25 tab. V. Isonandra

Gutta var.i oblongifolia, de Vriese, Tuinbouw Flora (1856), III. 226.

Isonandra Gutta, var. /3. sumatrana, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1038,

and Suppl. 581.

Perak : Curtis 3637, 3725 ; Wray 535 ; Murton ; King’s Collector

6475. Johore : Curtis 3632 — -in open forest in the hills at 500 to

1,000 feet. — D istrib. Sumatra, Borneo. Gives guttapercha like the

type.

We are unable to find sufficient characters for separating this, as a species, from

P. Gutta , as is done by Burck. The specimens available seem to point to a regular

series of intermediates, so that it can scarcely be even maintained as a variety. It is

possible that P. malaccense and P. formosum, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 498,

are both forms of P. Gutta, but we have seen no specimens. Beccari in “ Nelle

194 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Foreste di Borneo,” p. 558, suggests the identity of the latter species with P-

oblongifolium.

5. Palaquium Oxleyanum, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 498

(1885), non Burek. A large tree ; branchlets dark brown, marked by

prominent sears of fallen leaves; innovations minutely ferruginous-

pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ; oblong-obovate, abruptly and shortly

acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base ; glabrous above, densely

appressed-golden-pubeseent beneath, finally glabrate, margins recurved,

5 to 8 in. long, 2-5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib prominent, thick, impressed

above; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, irregular, sometimes branched, '4 to

•5 in, apart, starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved

near the margin to meet in a rather faint looped intramarginal nerve,

secondary nerves few ; reticulations few, horizontally transverse ,

petiole 1 to 1-5 in. long, somewhat thickened at base, minutely rusty-

pubescent, channelled above and bordered for some distance by the

decurrent margins of the blade ; stipules minute, falcate, caducous.

Calyx-lobes 6 ; 3 outer rather thicker than 3 inner, ovate, sub-acute,

densely ferruginous-pubescent, "25 in. long. Fruit a nearly globose

berry, 1 in. long and about -75 in. in diam. Seeds oblong ; testa

shining, erustaceous. Dichopsis pustulata, Hemsl. in Herb. Kciv.

Penang : Curtis 3582. Perak : Curtis 3631, 3638, 3724 — on the

hills up to 2,500 feet; Wray 511 (part), 590; Douglas; Phillips.

Selangor : Curtis 3763, 3764. Singapore : Maingay (K.D.) 983 (the

No. 1948 quoted by Pierre) ; Jas. Collins (a pustulate form apparently

diseased).

This species gives apparently the “ taban sutra ” or “ taban putih” guttapercha,

which is not one of the best quality.

Var. glabrata King & Gamble. Leaves smaller, about 1-5 in. broad,

glabrate beneath, rarely slightly golden-pubescent ; fruit oblong ;

branchlets grey, very rough with scars of fallen leaves and flowers.

Perak : Wray 511 (part), 518.

P. Oxleyanum, Burck Ann. Jard. Buit. v. (1886) 33, is a different plant altogether

(see Teysmann’s specimen in Herb. Kew).

6. Palaquium xanthochymum, Pierre ex Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. Y.

30 (1885). A large handsome tree ; the stem reaching 80 to 120 feet in

height and 2'5 to 3 feet in diam. ; branchlets dark brown, innovations

rusty-pubescent; leaf-bud scales lanceolate, ciliate, about '1 in. long.

Leaves coriaceous, glossy-green; obovate, obtuse and often emarginate

at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, mai'gin recurved,

reddish when dry ; 2-5 to 4 in. long, 1-5 in. broad ; midrib prominent.

195

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

impressed above ; main-nerves obscure, about 12 to 14 pairs at about 60°

with the midrib ; reticulations scarcely visible ; petiole '5 to ‘6 in. long,

channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade ; stipules

ovate, eiliate, very small, caducous. Flowers fascicled, up to 8 together,

in the axils of the leaves or of the scars below them ; pedicels slender,

recurved, -2 in. long ; buds very small, conical. Galyx-lohes 6, ‘1 in.

long ; 3 outer valvate, 3 inner imbricate, ovate-acute, rusty-pubescent.

Corolla campanulate, - 3 in. long, tube short ; lobes 6, imbricate, oblong,,

blunt. Stamens 12, inserted on the top of the tube ; filaments stout,

curved ; anthers ovate-sagittate, mucronate, extrorse. Ovary rounded,

glabrous ; style - 1 in. long, subulate. Fruit an ovoid berry, glabrous.

Isonandra xanthochyma, de Vriese Nat. Tijdsehr. Ned. Ind. XXI. 311,

and Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl. i. 259. Dichopsis rubens, Clarke in Hook,

f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 543.

Perak: King’s Collector 7288 — on low ground and rich soil.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 995. Singapore : Cantley 63 ; Bidley 3774.

— Distrib. Borneo.

Produces a guttapercha of a yellowish colour and second quality (de Vriese).

7. Palaquium bancanum, Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 43 (1885).

A very large evergreen tree ; stems reaching 80 to 100 feet (Curtis),

100 to 120 feet (Kunstler) in height, with a girth of 10 to 12 feet ;

branchlets rough, prominently marked with the scars of fallen leaves,

upper branchlets and innovations slightly but minutely rusty -pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous ; clustered at the ends of the branchlets, obovate

or obovate-oblong, abruptly and very shortly acute at the otherwise

rounded apex, cuneate at base ; margins slightly recurved ; glabrous

on both surfaces, the lower with very minute glandular scales ; 3 to 4

in. long, 1-5 to 2'5 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above;

main-nerves very obscure, about 14 to 16 pairs, inclined at nearly

70° to midrib and at first parallel, afterwards arching, reticulations

very faint ; petiole - 7 to 1 in. long, edged above with the decurrent

margins of the blade, glabrous. Flowers fasciculate, clustered about

2 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen

leaves, often on a length of as much as 4 to 5 in. of the branchlet ,

pedicels and calyx minutely ferruginous-pubescent ; pedicels "1 to "15 in.

long, thick. Calyx-lobes 6, the 3 outer valvate rounded, the 3 inner

imbricate acute, - 15 to - 2 in. long. Corolla campanulate, tube as long

as calyx ; lobes 6, ovate, spreading, as long as tube, glabrous except a

slight rusty pubescence within. Stamens 12, the 6 longer opposite to, the

6 shorter alternate with, the corolla-lobes ; filaments inserted on the top

of the tube, slender ; anthers ovate, apiculate, extrorse. Ovary flattened-

196

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cylindrical, the top rusty-hirsute; style as long as corolla, subulate,

glabrous ; cells 6. Fruit a fleshy oblong or obovate berry, smooth,

•75 in. long, ‘5 in. thick, 1-seeded.

Penang : Curtis 3583, 3659. Perak : Wray 3984 ; King’s Collector

6506, 6509. Singapore : Ridley 6019, 6134, 6502, 6507 ; Fox 11307

at Bukit Timah ; Cantley73. — Distrib. Bangka.

Said to give a kind of “ guttapercha.”

8. Palaquium Bidleyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ; branch-

lets blackish-grey, rough, innovations minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves

chartaceous-eoriaceous ; elliptic or elliptie-obovate, obtuse, emarginate

or slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces,

margins slightly recurved ; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib broad ;

main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50° with the

midrib, curving upwards to and along the margin, -2 to -3 in. apart ;

reticulations many, transverse, impressed above ; petiole -5 to -7 in.

long flattened and bordered by the decurrent broad margins of the

blade ; stipules small, ovate, hirsute, caducous. Flowers small, fas-

cicled in groups of 6 or 7 together in the axils of the uppermost leaves ;

pedicels rather thick, about - 25 in. long, sparsely appressed-pubescent.

Calyx-lobes 6, - 1 in. long; 3 outer rounded, shortly mucronate, glabrous,

wrinkled when dry ; 3 inner thin, scarious on the margins, ciliate, rusty-

pubescent on both sides. Corolla tubular-eampanulate, -15 in. long,

glabrous ; lobes 6, oblong, obtuse, erose at tip ; tube as long as

lobes. Stamens 12, inserted on the top of the tube opposite to and

alternate with the lobes; filaments slender as long as the lobes;

anthers ovate-acute. Ovary conical, glabrous below, villous above,

surmounted by a conical thick style, - 05 in. long, 6-celled. Fruit

not seen.

Singapore : Ridley 3591a.

9. Palaquium microphyllum, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ;

branchlets rounded, rough, dotted with scars of fallen leaves and

flowers ; innovations dark ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;

obovate, obtuse or slightly obtusely- acute at apex, cuneate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces, margins recurved ; 1 to 2 in. long, -7 to

1 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed above ; main-nerves indistinct,

about 8 to 10 pairs, nearly at right angles to the midrib ; reticulations

very faint even when dry ; petiole - 4 to -5 in. long, bordered above by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers fascicled, 1 to 3 together,

above the scars of fallen leaves on the past year’s wood ; pedicels -2 in.

long, rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6 ; outer 3 valvate, ovate-acute,

•15 to ‘2 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent ; inner 3 imbricate, ovate,

197

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

blunt, scarious and ciliate on the margins, tawny-pubescent on the back,

■1 to -15 in. long. Corolla tubular-rotate; the tube very short, scarcely

•05 in. long ; the 6 lobes oblong or nearly spathulate, '1 to ‘15 in. long,

reflexed in flower, sparsely hairy without. Stamens 12, filaments

slender, recurved ; anthers ovate, ’075 in. long, bi-mucronate. Ovary

tawny-villous, conical; style '15 to -2 in. long, straight; cells 6.

Fruit not seen.

Singapore : at Bukit Timah, Ridley 10840.

10. Palaquium hexandrum, King & Gamble. A tree ; branehlets

light brown, innovations ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous,

glabrous ; elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly acute at apex, attenuate

and more or less unequal at base ; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 2 - 5 in. broad ;

midrib thick, prominent ; main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, starting at about

65° to midrib then arched upwards, reticulations obscure. Flowers

fasciculate, 3 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves or the scars of

fallen leaves ; pedicels slender, '4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Calyx-

lobes 6 ; 3 outer valvate, 3 inner more or less imbricate, pubescent

outside, ciliate, ‘05 to '07 in. long, apex scarcely acute. Corolla cam-

panulate ; tube '1 in. with a ring of hairs near the mouth inside ; lobes 6,

imbricate, -15 in. long, oblong obtuse, spreading. Stamens 12, inserted

on the top of the tube, 6 opposite to and 6 alternate with the lobes,

the alternate ones shorter ; filaments slender ; anthers exsert, ovate-

lanceolate, bi-mucronate, as long as filaments. Ovary rounded, thickly

rusty-pubescent; style subulate, -25 in. long. Fruit a fleshy berry,

about -75 in. in diam,, smooth, 1-seeded. Seed ovoid, -7 in. long, -5 in.

broad, scarcely flattened; testa thin, brown, shining; hilum very

large, occupying about one-half of the seed ; albumen none.

Dichopsis hexandra, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. iii. 543. Ison-

andra hexandra, Griff. Notul. IV. 292. Payena Griffithii, Kurz For.

FI. II. 121, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 230 (fide Clarke,

but with doubt).

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3609 ; Maingay (K.D.) 984. Singapore :

Ridley 11373. — Distrib. Burma (?)

11. Palaquium Herveyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree ;

branehlets rather stout, dark brown ; innovations minutely rusty-

pubescent ; leaf-bud scales lanceolate, '15 in. Leaves chartaceo-cori-

aceous ; elliptic or elliptic-obovate, very shortly acute or sometimes emar-

ginate at apex, cuneately attenuate often unequally at base ; glabrous

above except on midrib and nerves, sparsely rusty-pubescent beneath,

afterwards glabrate, cinereous when dry ; 2 to 3-5 in. long, 1-25 to l - 75 in.

broad ; midrib prominent ; main-nerves 5 to 7 pairs at about 45° with

the midrib and arching upwards, reticulations obscure ; petiole - 5 in. long

198

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, rusty-pubescent.

Flowers small, fascicled 4 to 6 together in the axils of the leaves or

on tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels -3 in. long,

slender, decurved, pubescent ; buds very small, globose. Calyx 6-

lobed, 3 outer valvate, and 3 inner imbricate, - 1 in. long, lobes ovate

acute, pubescent. Corolla campanulate ; tube short, rusty-hirsute with-

out ; lobes 6, oblong-linear, recurved in flower, hairy within at the

base, -15 in. long, imbricate. Stamens 12 ; filaments long, exsert ; anthers

ovate, mucronate, extrorse, as long as filaments, hirsute. Ovary sub-

globose, rusty-pubescent, 6-celled ; style slender, ‘3 in. long ; stigma

capitate. Fruit not seen.

Perak : Wray 1104. Malacca : Maingay (Iv.D.) 995 ; Scortechim

1892; Ilervey. Vern. “Jongek” (Hervey).

Wray says the gutta is sticky and worthless.

12. Palaquium stellatum, King & Gamble. A large tree, stems

reaching over 100 feet in height ; branehlets rather thick, dark brown,

rough with the sears of fallen leaves ; innovations ferruginous-pubescent.

Leaves membrano-chartaceous, clustered at the ends of the branehlets ;

oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; nearly

glabrous above, pale and when young tomentose beneath, rusty-

stellate-tomentose (Scortechini) on the nerves on both sides ; 3 to 6 in.

long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib prominent ; main-nerves 10 pairs,

starting at about 60° with the midrib and at once curving upwards ;

reticulations prominent on both sides in an elegant network ; petiole

•75 to 1 in. long, slender, densely rusty-pubescent. Floivers fasciculate,

3 to 5 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming almost a

terminal leafy corymb of about 20 to 25 flowers ; pedicels slender,

about 1 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6, densely

rusty-pubescent, in 2 series ; the outer of 3 valvate, ovate, rounded

lobes, the inner of 3 ovate ciliate lobes with scarious margins ; both -25

to - 3 in. long. Corolla campanulate, - 3 to - 4 in. long, the tube a little

shorter than the lobes ; the lobes imbricate, twisted in bud, rounded at

top, glabrous. Stamens 12 in one series ; filaments on the base of the

tube and attached to it, free above, -2 in. long, thickened below, slender

above ; anthers oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, extrorse, -1 in. long, gla-

brous. Ovary rusty-pubescent, sub-globose ; style slender, -35 in. long ;

cells 6 (?). Fruit not seen. Dicliopsis stellata, Scortechini MS. in

Herb. Calc.

Perak : Scortechini, 1855.

A very distinct species, looking very like a Bassia. Scortechini says it yields good

gutta, but in small quantities.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

199

8. Mimusops, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves chai'taeeous or coriaceous, with

many usually inconspicuous parallel main-nerves. Flowers solitary or

fascicled in the axils of the upper leaves on the branchlets. Calyx-lobes

6 or 8, in 2 series, the outer valvate enclosing the inner imbricate.

Corolla with short tube ; lobes 18 or 24 or more in 2 rows, one-third

of the number in the inner, the rest in the outer, row ; lobes of the outer

row often divided.* Stamens 6 or 8, attached to the corolla-tube opposite

the inner lobes ; filaments short, dilated, free or connate in a tube with

the staminodes ; anthers lanceolate, extrorse, usually apiculate by the

production of the connective. Staminodes alternate with and as many

as the stamens, sub-petaloid, usually fimbriate. Ovary hirsute, 6-8-celled.

Fruit a globose or ovate fleshy berry, epicarp crustaceous ; seeds few

or solitary. Seeds ovate or oblong, often oblique, slightly compressed ;

hilum basal or lateral ; testa hard, shining ; albumen fleshy, thin ;

cotyledons flat, leafy. — Distrib. Species about 30 ; in the tropics of

both hemispheres.

Calyx-segments 8 ; stamens 8 ; staminodes acuminate, hairy . . 1. M. Elengi.

Calyx-segments 6 ; stamens 6 ; staminodes fimbriate, glabrous . . 2. M. Eauki.

1. Mimusops Elengi, Linn. Sp. PI. 349 (1753). An evergreen tree,

stems reaching 40 to 50 feet in height, and with a large girth ; ultimate

branchlets with dark brown rusty pubescence. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded (often unequally), at base;

glabrous on both surfaces, shining above ; margins slightly recurved ; 3

to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib prominent, raised on both sur-

faces ; main-nerves numerous, the first pair from the base forming intra-

marginal nerves, which are looped where they meet the 14 to 16 pairs of

main-nerves ; secondary nerves like the main-nerves and, with the reticu-

lations, forming an elegant network ; petiole - 6 to 1 in. long, slender ;

stipules triangular-subulate, very small, ferruginous-pubescent, very

caducous. Flowers white, fragrant, solitary or in fascicles of 2 to 6 in the

axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels '3 to - 7 in. long, often deflexed,

appressed-ferruginous-pubescent ; buds ovoid, acute. Calyx-lobes 8, '3 in.

long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; the 4 outer valvate, broader than the

4 inner imbricate and channelled on the back ; all rusty-pubescent

without, glabrous within. Corolla with a very short tube, scarcely

over -05 in. long ; lobes 24, in 2 rows, the 16 outer linear-lanceolate,

the 8 inner rather broader and shorter, linear-oblong. Stamens 8,

* The outer corolla-lobes are now usually considered to be of the character of

stipules to the inner row which constitute the regular petals.

200

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

opposite the lobes of the inner row ; filaments slender, -05 in. long ;

anthers oblong, glabrous, apiculate. Staminodes alternate with the

anthers, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed, clothed on the back and

sides with pale stiff hairs. Ovary silky-pubescent, 6-celled; style slender,

grooved, as long as corolla. Fruit an ovoid berry about 1 in. long; yellow

when ripe, 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed oblong, -75 in. long, -5 broad and

about - 25 thick, rounded above, hollowed at base where is the small

oval hilum ; testa erustaceous, dark brown, shining ; albumen thin ; coty-

ledons oblong, leafy, nearly as large as the seed cavity; radicle inferior.

Roxb. Cor. PL 1. 15. t. 14, and PI. Ind. II. 236 ; Gaertn. f. Fruct. 1. 198,

t. 42; Lamk. 111. t. 300 ; Baillon Hist. PL XI. 267, figs. 302-309 ; Engl.

& Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 152, fig. 82 E-J ; Burck Ann. Jard. Buit.

V. (1886) 61 ; Wall. Cat. 4146 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 202 ; Clarke in Hook,

f. FI. Br. Ind. III.I548 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 140 ; Wight Ic. t. 1586 ;

Brandis For. FI. 293; Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 40; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 231, For. FI. II. 123; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 86; Prain

Beng. PL 649 ; Cooke FI. Bomb. II. 95. M. obtusifolia, Bl. Bijdr.

672. “ Elengi” Rheede Hort. Mai. I. 33 t. 20. Rumph. Herb. Amb.

II. 189 t. 63.

Pebak : Scortechini 1122. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3612 ; Maingay

(K.D.) 995/2, 998 ; Cuming 2265. — Distbib. India, Ceylon, Burma,

cultivated in other tropical regions ; the fallen corollas are used to

make garlands.

2. Mimusops Kauki, Linn. Sp. Pl. 349 (1753). A large evergreen

tree ; braneblets thick greyish-brown, extremities somewhat ferruginous-

scaly or -pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, clustered towards the ends of

the branehlets ; obovate or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate or very

slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous above, densely and

smoothly grey-silky-pubescent beneath ; the margins slightly recurved ;

2 to 4 in. long, 1-25 to 2'75 in. broad ; midrib prominent ; main-nerves

very indistinct, about 14 to 16 pairs, parallel, meeting near the edge in

a looped intramarginal nerve ; petiole - 5 to P5 in. long, moderately

thick, channelled above. Floivers thickly clustered towards the ends

of the branehlets ; pedicels "75 to 1 in. long, appressed grey-silky-

pubescent, angular. Calyx-lobes 6, '25 in. long ; 3 outer valvate, ovate,

acute, grey-silky-pubescent ; 3 inner imbricate, similar but rather

thinner. Corolla with a very short tube and 18 (or more, exceptionally)

lobes in 2 rows ; the outer row 12, lanceolate, acute ; the inner

6, spathulate ; all ‘1 in. long or nearly so, glabrous. Stamens 6 to 8,

usually 6, extrorse ; filaments ‘1 in. long, conical, glabrous ; anthers

•1 in. long, linear, blunt. Staminodes alternating with the stamens,

•2 to ’25 in. long, cuneate, deeply and irregularly fimbriate at apex.

201

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Ovary villous, ovoid, 6-celled ; ovules elliptic ; style exsert, -4 in.

long, slender. Fruit an ovoid rough berry, -1 in. long, 2-4-seeded.

Seeds obliquely obovoid, somewhat curved near the base, - 6 to -7 in.

long by ‘4 to ‘5 in. broad and ‘4 in. thick ; hilum lateral towards the

base, -35 in. long, linear-oblong ; testa thick, crustaceous, chestnut-

brown ; albumen thin ; cotyledons flat, leafy, oblong, -3 to -35 in. long ;

radicle inferior, rather large. Wall. Cat. 4149e (upper half)', A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 203 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 549; Miq. PL Ind.

Bat. II. 1042; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 156; Burek in Ann. Jard.

Buit. V. (1886) 64. M. Balata, Gaertn. f. Pruct. III. 133. M. Balota,

Bl. Bijdr. 673. M. Hoolceri, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 204. M. Bojeri, A. DC.

l.c. 205 (fide Miguel). M. dissecta, R. Br. Prod. 531. M. Browniana,

Benth. PI. Austral. IV. 285. — Rumph. Herb. Amb. iii. 19. t. 8

flor. exc.

Perak : Scortecliini. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3614 ; Maingay

(K.D.) 987. — Distrib. Amherst in Burma, Wallich ; Malay Islands;

tropical Australia — cultivated elsewhere for its edible fruit.

The following new species from the Andaman Islands seems worthy

of description here.

Mimusoes andamanensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ; branchlets slender,

grey ; innovations, with inflorescence and leaf-petioles, covered with appressed pale

tawny tomentum. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic-obovate, shortly acute at apex, cuneate

at base ; margins recurved ; glabrous on both surfaces ; 3 to 4 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves about 15 pairs, parallel, very inconspicuous,

secondary nerves similar to main-nerves, less prominent ; petiole slender, -75 to 1 in.

long, channelled above. Inflorescence of 1-3-flowered sessile umbels in the axils of the

upper leaves ; pedicels slender, -8 to 1 in. long, angular ; buds ovoid-conical, -4 in.

long. Calyx-lobes 8 in 2 series ; outer 4 lanceolate, acuminate, valvate, reflexed when

open, -4 to -5 in. long ; inner 4 as long, linear-lanceolate, deeply channelled on the

back, scarcely imbricate. Corolla-lobes 24, the inner series of 8, oblong-lanceolate,

glabrous, obtuse, each bearing behind it two narrow acute, simple or deeply bifid lobes,

rather shorter than and narrower than the 8 inner lobes. Stamens 8, opposite the

inner corolla-lobes, and shorter than them ; filaments slender, slightly hirsute, -075 in.

long; anthers linear-sagittate, the connective produced in a long apiculus, often bifid.

Staminodes alternate with the stamens and rather shorter than them, densely hirsute,

linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, midrib black. Ovary rounded, 8-lobed, pubescent ;

style subulate, glabrous, stigma minutely cleft ; cells 8, each with a narrow central

ovule. Fruit unknown.

Hill jungle near Port Mouat, S. Andaman, King's Collector.

In the characters of the corolla-lobes this species seems to be intermediate

between Mimusops and Imbricaria , and, since Engler has recently reduced Imbricciria

to a section of Mimusops, we have no hesitation in describing it under that genus.

202

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LXXII. EBENACEiE.

Shrubs or trees with usually hard wood. Leaves alternate, rarely

sub-opposite, entire, usually coriaceous, ex-stipulate. Flowers usually

dioecious, regular ; the females usually (and the males sometimes)

solitary; the males (and the females occasionally) in short, usually

bracteate, axillary or extra-axillary cymes ; pedicels articulated. Calyx

inferior, gamosepalous, campanulate or tubular, with 3 to 7 valvate,

imbricate or contorted, often accrescent, lobes. Corolla gamopetalous,

variously shaped ; the lobes 3 to 7, usually contorted, sometimes

imbricate or valvate in bud. Stamens in the S and $? flowers in a

single series, and as many as the corolla-lobes, or 2- or more-seriate

and 2 or more times as many ; filaments shorter than the anthers,

free or in pairs, or variously connate below ; anthers linear, usually

with longitudinal dehiscence, the connective often apiculate ; in the $

flowers reduced to staminodes with empty or abortive anthers, or

absent. Dish none. Carpels in the $ flowers abortive or absent ;

in the $ or ? flowers connate into a sessile superior ovary, with 2 to 8

usually more or less united styles ; the cells as many as or twice as

many as the styles with imperfect septa ; ovules twice as many as the

styles, anatropous, pendulous from the inner angles of the cells. Fruit

a coriaceous or fleshy berry, several- or few-seeded. Seeds pendulous,

usually oblong, vertically furrowed ; testa thin ; albumen copious,

uniform or ruminate ; embryo axial ; radicle superior. — Distrib. About

320 species, in the tropics generally.

Flowers often 3-merous ; ovary 3- or 6-celled . . . . . . 1. Maba.

Flowers mostly 4-5-merous ; ovary 4-5 or 8-10-celled . . . . ‘2. Diospyros.

1. Maba, Eorst.

Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire. Flowers dioecious (monoe-

cious in M. Maingayi), axillary, shortly pedicellate or in small dense

cymes ; usually 3-merous, rarely 4- or 5-merous. Calyx 3- to 5-fid or

partite, rarely sub-truncate, often cup-shaped and accrescent. Corolla-

tube usually longer than the calyx ; lobes of the limb 3, twisted to the

right hand. Male flowers : stamens 3 to 21 ; filaments distinct, in

pairs or otherwise united ; anthers oblong ; ovary rudimentary.

Female flowers : staminodes 0 to 12 ; ovary 3-celled or perfectly or

imperfectly 6-celled, 6-ovulate. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, baccate,

glabrous or hairy, 1-6-celled and 1-6-seeded, rather dry or fleshy ;

albumen not ruminate. — Distrib. Species about 70 ; tropical.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

203

Leaves opposite or almost opposite

Leaves alternate : —

Leaves puberulous on the lower surface, their veins prominent. .

Leaves densely velvety pubescent on the lower surface, their

veins obsolete

Leaves glabrous or nearly so : —

Leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, 3 to 5 in. long and l'G5 to

2'65 in. broad ; main-nerves 3 to 5 pairs

Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate 15 to 3 in. long and "65 to

1 -35 in. broad

Main-nerves G or 7 pairs ; fruit globular

Main-nerves obsolete ; fruit obliquely ellipsoid . .

Leaves polymorphous (mostly elliptic obovate or sub-rotund) ;

fruit globular, fusiform

1. 31. Hierniana.

2. 31. venosa..

3. 31. olivacea.

4. 31. merguensis.

5. M. Clarkeana.

6. M. perakensin.

7. 31. buxifolia.

1. Maba Hierniana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small glabrous

shrub ; young branches much thinner than a goose-quill, pale,

glabrous. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous ; oblong-elliptic, the

apex shortly acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved

when dry; both surfaces hepatic-brown when dry and shining, the

reticulations on the upper distinct ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curved,

ascending and forming wide arches near the edge, prominent on the

lower surface, faint on the upper ; the midrib bold on both ; length 6

to 10 in. ; breadth 2 to 3'5 in. ; petioles -3 to '6 in. Male flowers

unknown. Female flowers rotate, - 4 in. across, almost sessile, in

axillary or extra-axillary fascicles of 2 or 3. Calyx spreading, divided

almost to the base into 3 to 5 rotund, minutely crenate, slightly

imbricate lobes. Corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, deeply

divided into 5 broadly oblong blunt lobes with slightly recurved edges ;

staminodes 3 or 4, with short thick filaments and broad antherodes.

Ovary depressed-hemispheric, with short, thick, conical style and

small stigma. Fruit not seen.

Perak : King’s Collector 7920.

2. Maba venosa, King & Gamble. A tree 15 to 50 feet high ;

young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, the bark pale and

deciduously cinereous-puberulous. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous ;

oblong-elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, the base slightly cuneate

or rounded ; both surfaces dark olivaceous when dry ; the upper

shining, glabrous except the puberulous depressed midrib and main-

nerves ; the reticulations minute but distinct ; lower puberulous

everywhere and the midrib prominent; main-nerves 6 to 9 pairs,

prominent, curved, spreading, interarching boldly near the edge; length

4 - 5 to 6’5 in. ; breadth 2 to 3 in. ; petioles '35 to ‘5 in. Male and

female flowers alike, in densely crowded extra-axillary cymose fascicles

of 5 or 6, not longer than the petioles ; flowers mostly sessile, one or

204

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

two in each fascicle on a short densely hairy pedicel, rotate, '3 or '4 in.

in diam. Calyx very coriaceous, divided to the base into 3 spreading

broadly ovate lobes with broad blunt apices and concave bases, partly

adpressed-pilose and partly glabrescent. Corolla smaller and less

coriaceous than the calyx, tubular, glabrous, its lobes ovate-elliptic.

Male flowers with 6 stamens in 2 rows, 3 of them small ;

anthers cordate, filaments flat ; rudimentary ovary ovoid, apiculate,

with a dense ring of coarse hair at its base. Female flowers with a

few flat staminodes ; the ovary broadly ovoid apiculate, hirsute in its

lower part ; styles 3, glabrous, distinct, the stigmas broad. Fruit

ovoid-globular, glabrous, -75 in. long and -6 in. in diam., blunt at apex

and base, the latter subtended by the 3- sometimes 4-lobed, thick,

almost woody, accrescent calyx, its lobes spreading, their edges reflexed.

Seeds elliptic, plano-convex. Diospyros venosa, Wall. Cat. 4126.

Singapore : Ridley 4961 ; King’s Collector 3495, 3862, 7643.

3. Maba olivacea, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 70 feet

high ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, puberulous, pale

cinereous when dry. Leaves coriaceous, alternate ; elliptic, shortly and

abruptly apiculate, the base rounded or cuneate, the edges much

recurved when dry ; upper surface olivaceous, shining, glabrous except

the depressed rusty-puberulous midrib; lower surface softly velvety-

pubescent, olivaceous, the hair on the bold midrib and 5 to 8 pairs

of curved spreading rather prominent main-nerves rusty ; length 3 to

5 - 5 in. ; breadth 1-5 to 2-25 in. ; petiole -4 in., tomentose. Male floivers

sessile, -15 in. long, in branched condensed axillary and extra-axillary

cymes less than 1 in. long ; bracteoles broad, blunt, small. Calyx 1 in.

long, tubular-campanulate, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, divided

nearly to the base into 4 broadly ovate obtuse erect lobes. Corolla

cylindric-campanulate, glabrous except the hairy edges of the 4 oblong

lobes. Stamens 8 large and 4 small, lanceolate, on short filaments.

Female floivers not seen. Fruit ellipsoid, blunt at each end, the apex

crowned by the short style, glabrous, about ‘5 in. long, and -4 in. in

diam. Calyx at the base of the fruit thick, spreading, - 6 in. across,

with 4 ovate, blunt lobes with reflexed edges.

Perak : King's Collector 7877 ; Wray 1269. Lankawi : Curtis

1661.

4. Maba merguensis, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 134

(1873). A small, nearly glabrous tree; young branches thicker than a

crow-quill. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous, ovate or elliptic, shortly

and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded ; main-nerves 3 to

5 pairs, slightly curved, ascending ; length 3 to 5-5 in. ; breadth 1-65

to 2 65 in. , petiole about '25 in. long. Male flowers in dense minutely

205

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pubescent branching axillary cymes only 1 to 1-5 in. in diam. Calyx

less than '25 in. long, with 3 or 4 obtuse triangular lobes. Corolla

slightly larger than the calyx, shortly 3- or 4-lobed. Stamens 14 to

16, glabrous ; rudimentary ovary minute. Female flowers 3- or

4-merous. Calyx lobed half-way down. Corolla 3- or 4-merous ;

Staminodes 3 or 4. Ovary-cells 6, 1-ovulate. Styles 3, distant,

glabrous. Fruit sub-globular ; its calyx '5 in. in diam. with 3

ovate acute spreading lobes. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI.,

ii. 232, and For. FI. II. 139 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III.

552.

Penang: Heifer (K.D.) 3618 ; Curtis 705,718. — Distrib. Burma.

Very imperfectly represented in Herbaria.

5. Maba Clarkeana, King & Gamble, ‘n. sp. A tree 20 to 30 feet

high ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, puberulous when

young, ultimately glabrous, cinereous with small black strise. Leaves

alternate, coriaceous ; oblong, tbe apex blunt and sometimes minutely

notched, the base cuneate ; upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, shining

when dry ; lower surface dull, paler, sparsely and deciduously adpressed-

pubeseent and the minute reticulations rather distinct ; main-nerves

6 or 7 pairs, spreading, very faint on both surfaces ; midrib bold in the

lower, depressed on the upper surface ; length 1'5 to 3 in., breadth

■65 to 1-25 in. ; petioles -1 in. long. Male flowers small (only -1 to 15 in.

long), crowded in sessile cymes '25 to ’5 in. long, in the axils of the

upper leaves, with a few oblong bracteoles. Calyx sessile or sub-

sessile, adpressed-pubescent outside, glabrous inside, divided half-way

down into 3 sub-erect broadly ovate acute lobes. Corolla smaller than

the calyx, densely sericeous outside, glabrous inside, divided to the

base into 3 ovate-lanceolate, with an inner -row of 3 or 6 similar

but narrower, lobes. Stamens 6, in pairs, joined by the bases of their

broad filaments ; anthers lanceolate. Female flower unknown. Fruit

globular, -35 in. in diam., glabrous. Calyx at its base thick, with

3 obtuse angles. Seeds 3, 3-sided, - 25 in. long.

Perak : King’s Collector 4816.

6. Maba perakensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 60 feet

high ; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, minutely puberulous

becoming glabrous, dark-coloured, sub-glaucous. Leaves coriaceous,

alternate ; rather broadly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, the apex acute,

the base broad and rounded or slightly cuneate; both surfaces dark

olivaceous, the upper shining, the lower dull ; main-nerves obsolete ;

midrib minutely pubescent,' prominent on the lower surface, depressed

on the upper; length 2'5 to 3 in., breadth ‘75 to 1'35 in.; petioles

206

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

■15 in. long. Male flowers about -15 in. long, 8 or 10 together in dense

sessile axillary clusters not much exceeding the petioles. Calyx sessile

or nearly so, campanulate, slightly pubescent outside, glabrous inside,

deeply divided into 3 broadly ovate acute lobes. Corolla tubular ;

adpressed-sericeous externally, glabrous inside, cut half-way down into

3 ovate acute lobes. Stamens 12, 6 of them united by the bases of

their filaments ; anthers of all lanceolate apiculate, their bases cordate.

Female flower not known. Fruit obliquely ellipsoid, the apex shortly

apiculate, glabrous; the calyx at the base sub-ligneous, flat, deeply

divided into 3 broad ovate-rotund lobes with reflexed edges and blunt

tips. Seeds 2, oblong.

Pekak : Wray 3130 ; King’s Collector 3945, 5519.

7. Maba buxifolia, Pers. Syn. II. (1807) 606. A bush or small tree ;

young branches puberulous at first, ultimately glabrous. Leaves

small, alternate, coriaceous; varying from elliptic to obovate, the

apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base always narrowed ; upper surface

olivaceous, the lower brown ; the midrib bold ; reticulations rather

distinct on the upper surface only ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spreading,

slightly prominent on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower ; edges

slightly recurved; length -35 to 1 in.; breadth -3 to -6 in. ; larger in the

varieties ; petiole less than -5 in. Flowers solitary, or 2 to 3 in short

cymes, 3-merous. Calyx -1 in. long, campanulate, with short triangular

lobes. Corolla campanulate with short triangular lobes. Male flowers :

stamens 6 to 12, glabrous ; rudimentary ovary hairy. Female flower :

stamens none; ovary 3-celled; style at the apex 3-lobed. Fruit

globose or ellipsoid, -35 in. long, 1-seeded. Calyx at its base

cupular, often very short; albumen equable. Wight Ic. t. 763; A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 240 ; Thwaites Enum. PL Ceyl. 183 ; Trimen PI.

Ceyl. III. 89 ; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 116 ; Kurz

Por. PI. II. 139 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 551. M.

littorea, Br. Prod. 527. M. Cumingiana, M. madagascariensis, M.

guineensis, M. Smithiana, A. DC. l.c. 241. M. neilgherrensis, Wight

ill. t. 148 bis. E. M. Ebenus, Wight Ic. tt. 1288-9 ( not of Spreng.).

Maba ? Wall. Cat. 7461. Ferreola buxifolia, Boxb. Cor. PI. I. 35, t. 45,

and PI. Ind. III. 790.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 979 ; Griffith (K.D.) 3641. Langkawi :

Curtis 2557. Penang: Curtis 708.— Distkib. Malay Archipelago,

Br. India, N. Australia, Philippines, tropical Africa.

A variable species, of which two varieties are recognised by Mr. C. B. Clarke in

Hooker’s “ Flora of British India.” Both these have leaves longer than as above

described, but neither occurs in our region.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

207

2. Diospyros, Linn.

Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely sub-opposite,

entire. Flowers dioecious, very rarely polygamous, axillary and

short-pedicelled, or in small cymes ; the 2 often, and the $ sometimes,

solitary ; usually 4- or 5-merous, rarely 3-merous. Calyx usually

deeply-lobed, rarely truncate, often in the 2 larger than in the $

and often accrescent and plicate or auriculate in fruit. Corolla tubular

with short deep lobes, or salver-shaped, or campanulate ; the lobes

contorted to the right in bud. Stamens in the $ flowers 4 to 64, often

16 ; their filaments distinct, paired or polyadelphous ; anthers linear,

rarely short ; ovary rudimentary. In the 2 flowers, staminodes 0 to

16 ; ovary 4-5-celled or imperfectly 8-10-celled ; the cells usually with

1, rarely with 2 ovules ; styles or stigmas 1 to 4. Fruit a globose,

ellipsoid or ovoid-conic, berry, usually subtended by the enlarged

(sometimes woody) calyx ; flesh pulpy or viscid. Seeds oblong, usually

compressed ; albumen equable or (rarely) ruminate. — Distrib. About

220 species, chiefly in the tropics.

Leaves membranous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous or hairy ;

S flowers in small cymes or fascicles, 4-5-merous ; stamens

usually 8, 12, or 16 ; flowers sub-solitary ; ? calyx longer than

that of the s , not accrescent or but slightly so, in fruit : —

Leaves under 5 in. long : —

Fruit globular, glabrous ; stamens 16

Fruit cylindric or oblong-conical, glabrous ; stamens about

16 ; leaves 1 to 1-4 in. long, and under -65 in. broad

Fruit ellipsoid : —

Stamens 8 : —

Fruit puberulous : — -

Leaves usually under 2 '25 in. long, lanceolate or

sub-rhomboidal . .

Leaves usually over 2-25 in. long, elliptic-oblong . .

Fruit glabrous ; leaves 2-5 to 4-5 in. long

Stamens 12 ; leaves 3'25 to 5 in. long ; fruit glabrous . .

Fruit not known ; stamens 12 ; leaves under 2 in. long . .

Leaves over 5 in. long ; fruit ovoid-conic, rusty-setose ;

stamens 6 to 12

Leaves coriaceous, upper surface glabrous and shining ; flowers

mostly 4-merous, a few 5-merous ; $ flowers in small cymes or

clusters ; calyx deeply lobed, often larger in the ? and differing

in shape from that of the s : —

Calyx 4-lobed : —

Leaves under 5 in. long : —

Leaves under 1'5 in. broad : —

Calyx of ? flower densely sericeous-pubescent, lobes

reniform ; fruit ovoid 'or sub-globose, rusty villous,

its calyx 1 in. in diam.

1. Z). Wrayi.

3. D. microphylla.

2. D. subrhomboidea.

6. .D. Scortechiriii.

5. D. graciliflora.

7. D. flavicans.

4. D. dumosa.

8. D. ayiculata.

9. D. lanceafolia.

208

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx-margins of ¥ flower tomentose, lobes broadly

ovate ; fruit globose, ultimately glabrous, -75 in. long 14. X>. lucida.

Leaves 15 to 2 -5 in. broad : —

Stamens about 12 ; main-nerves of leaves 8 to 9 pairs 10. D. pachyphylla .

Stamens about 16 ; main-nerves of leaves 6 to 7 pairs 11. D. clavigera.

Stamens 16, in pairs; main-nerves of leaves 5 pairs 13. D. styraciformis .

Leaves usually more than 5 and less than 7 "5 in. long : —

Leaves under 6-5 in. long, over 2-5 in. broad ; fruit olive-

shaped, nearly 2 in. long and 1-25 in. in diam. . . 12. D. bilocularis.

Leaves under 2-5 in. broad : —

Leaves under 65 in. long ; main-nerves of leaves not

visible, probably many pairs ; fruit depressed-globose,

1-35 in. in diam. ; persistent calyx thick, woody . . 25. D. oleifolia.

Leaves under 7'5 in. long ; main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs ;

fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. in diam. ; persistent calyx with

large membranous lobes . . . . . . 27. D. paniculata.

Leaves usually more than 6 and less than 12 in. long : —

Leaves beneath covered with appressed sericeous hair ;

stamens 20 to 24 ; main-nerves of leaves not visible .. 21. D. argentea.

Leaves beneath glabrous except the midrib, which is

covered with dark hair ; main-nerves of leaves 7 to 8

pairs; fruit glabrous .. .. ..17. D. tristis.

Leaves beneath glabrous or only minutely puberulous : —

Leaves usually 3 to 3*5 in. broad : —

Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 10 pairs ; apex caudate-

acuminate, base cuneate .. .. .. 18 . D. pauciflora.

Main-nerves of leaves 10 to 12 pairs ; apex acute,

base rounded . . . . . . . . 19. D. ellipsoidea.

Leaves reaching 4 in. broad ; fruit glabrescent : —

Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 14 pairs; apex sub-acute 23. D. Horsfieldii.

Main-nerves of leaves 16 to 20 pairs ; apex shortly

acuminate . . . . . . . . 24. D. toposioides.

Leaves 3-5 to 4'5 in. broad ; main-nerves of leaves 8 to

12 pairs ; apex acute ; fruit densely rusty-tomentose,

ridged . . . . . . . . . . 28. D. Kunstleri.

Leaves 8 to 14 in. long, 2-5 to 5 in. broad ; main-nerves

14 to 18 pairs ; fruit sub-globose, 1 in. in diam., immersed

in the thickened calyx . . . . . . . . 20. D. Walliehii.

Leaves 10 to 18 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad ; main-nerves

14 to 20 pairs ; fruit depressed-globose, 2 in. in diam.,

seated on a cupular calyx . . . . . . 22. D. rigida.

Calyx 5-lobed : —

Leaves glabrous beneath, 7 to 9 in. long, 3 to 3-75 in.

broad ; main-nerves 16 to 18 pairs . . . . 15. D. oblonga.

Leaves puberulous on the midrib and main-nerves beneath,

5 - 5 to 7’5 in. long, 2-5 to 3-25 in. broad ; main-nerves 10

to 12 pairs . . . . . . . . . . 16. D. Hclferi.

Leaves glabrous beneath, 5'5 to 9 in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in.

broad ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs . . . . 26. D. brachiata.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, puberulous beneath ;

both s and ¥ flowers in few-flowered cymes, on long, slender,

extra-axillary peduncles, pendulous ; calyx 5-lobed, not accres-

cent in fruit . . . . . . . . . . 29. D. nutans.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

209

Species imperfectly known.

Calyx of fruit long, woody, its lobes pointed and much reflexed,

leaves glabrous

Leaves oblong, hairy beneath, cordate at the base. Calyx in fruit

small. Fruit globular, rusty-pubescent . .

Leaves quite glabrous, elliptic, narrowed at each end, not

cordate. Fruit globular with small calyx

Leaves coriaceous, quite glabrous, oblong, areolar-reticulate.

Male flowers in terminal tonientose cymes

Leaves membranous, oblong or oblong-elliptic, glabrous. Female

flowers in fascicles of about 3. Calyx with reniform lobes ; pedi-

cels bi-bracteolate. Corolla salver-shaped

Leaves membranous, puberulous beneath. Male flowers in dense

short hairy glomeruli. Stamens 8

Leaves puberulous beneath. Calyx-lobes 4 ; stamens 16

31. D. penangiana.

30. D. reflexa.

35. D. glomerulata.

36. D. caliginosa.

33. D. areolata.

32. D. rufa.

34. D. Curtisii.

1. Diospyeos Weayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub 4 to 12 feet

high ; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, cinereous- or rusty-

puberulous. Leaves small, alternate, membranous ; ovate-lanceolate to

narrowly elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces

dark olivaceous ; the upper very shining and minutely reticulate, glabrous

except the puberulous depressed midrib ; the lower more brown and

dull, the midrib pubescent and prominent, the reticulations less distinct ;

length 2 to 4 in., breadth -75 to 1’5 in. ; petioles '05 to - 1 in. Male

flowers -25 in. long, 2 to 4 together in small axillary cymes, black when

dry, puberulous, pedicels very short. Calyx less than -1 in. long, narrowly

campanulate with 4 deep ovate lobes. Corolla three times as long as

the calyx, salver-shaped, sub-glabrous ; limb with 4 oblong lobes.

Sta'mcns 16, united in pairs by the bases of the unequal filaments, broadly

lanceolate, inserted near the base of the tube. Female flowers like the $

but longer — especially the calyx. Staminodes about 8, lanceolate. Ovary

glabrescent, ovoid-conic, tapering into a rather long style ; stigmas 4,

fleshy, short. Fruit globular, crowned by the short style, glabrous,

shining, black when ripe (when dry) ; calyx at its base - 75 in. across,

coriaceous, deeply divided into 4 oblong blunt or sub-acute reflexed

lobes.

Perak: Scortechini; Wray 2764, 3272, 3955; King’s Collector

2076, 2993.

2. Diospyeos sub-rhomboidea, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub

4 to 6 feet high ; young branches thinner than a crow-quill, softly

tawny-pubescent, pale brown when dry. Leaves small, alternate ;

lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or sub-rhomboidal, bluntly acuminate,

the base cuneate ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the

upper dark, glabrous except the puberulous midrib, the lower

sparsely adpressed pubescent especially on the bold midrib ; main-

210

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, faint on both surfaces ; length

1- 5 to 2'25 in., breadth -6 to -8 in. ; petiole about -1 in. Male floiaer

■6 in. long, solitary, axillary on a short tomentose pedicel with 2 broad

bracteoles. Calyx less than -1 in. long, pubescent outside, glabrous

inside, deeply divided into 4 broad obtuse almost quadrate imbricate

lobes. Corolla salver-shaped ; the tube cylindric, tapering to the apex,

tomentose outside ; limb as long as the tube but less hairy outside,

glabrous inside like the tube, deeply divided into 4 oblong sub-acute

lobes with indexed edges, twisted to the right in bud. Stamens 8,

attached near the bottom of the tube, 4 shorter than the others ;

anthers all lanceolate, and on short filaments. Female flower not

known. Fruit ellipsoid, sparsely adpressed-puberulous, crowned by

the conic style, -8 or -9 in. long and -4 in. in diam. Calyx at its base

•25 in. across, flat, with 4 spreading, broad, blunt lobes.

Perak : Wray 4055 ; King’s Collector 7302. — Distrib. Sumatra,

Forbes 2004.

3. Diospyros microphylla, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 27, t. cxxxiii.

(1874), and PI. Sylv. Madr. cxlv. A tree 20 to 30 feet high ; young

branches as thick as a crow-quill or thinner, densely pubescent. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, alternate, distichous ; ovate-lanceolate, sub-rhomboid,

the apex sub-acute, the base cuneate; upper surface dark olivaceous-

brown, glabrous except the pubescent depressed midrib ; the lower dark

brown, puberulous, the midrib pubescent; main-nerves obsolete on both

surfaces ; length 1 to l - 4 in., breadth - 45 to ’65 in. ; petiole '05 ; the

largest leaves towards the ends of the branches. Male flowers solitary

or 3 together in a minute cyme. Calyx -05 long, deeply 4-lobed, tube

glabrate. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx with 4 rounded lobes.

Stamens about 16. Female flowers ■ 2 in. long, axillary, solitary, pedicel-

late or in a pair on a short peduncle. Calyx eampanulate, deeply

divided into 4 sub-rotund imbricate very obtuse lobes, sericeous on the

middle outside and on the edges, otherwise glabrous. Corolla salver-

shaped, somewhat longer than the calyx, deeply cut into 4 unequal

rotund lobes, adpressed-puberulous on the back of the lobes, otherwise

glabrous. Ovary ovoid, sericeous near the apex and base ; style thick,

2- fid ; stigmas 4. Ovary 4-celled, ellipsoid, conic, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled.

Fruit cylindric or oblong-conical, dry, glabrous, 1-celled, 1- rarely

2-seeded, '75 to 1 in. long. Clarke in Hook. fil. PL Br. Ind. III. 559.

1). buxifolia, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 218. D. vaecini-

oides, Wall. Cat. 4130 (in part). Leucoxylum buxifolium, Blume Bijdr.

1169 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II. 1050 ; Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 43 t. 2,

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3643 ; Walker 170 ; Maingay (K.D.) 966.

Singapore: Ridley 6045. Penang: Curtis 1513, 7175. Perak:

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 211

Scortechini 2052. — Disteib. Andaman Islands, South India, Malay

Archipelago.

4. Diospyeos dumosa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree ;

young branches as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous, dark-coloured

when dry. Leaves small, alternate, membranous ; lanceolate, shortly

acuminate, the base cuneate ; upper surface dark olivaceous when dry,

glabrous; lower yellowish, slightly puberulous on the slightly pro-

minent midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of curved ascending nerves ; length 1'5

to 2 in. ; breadth -5 to '75 in. ; petiole -05 in. Male flowers -5 in. long,

in small axillary sessile fascicles of 3 or 4. Calyx -25 in. long, deeply

divided into 3 or 4 ovate-lanceolate acuminate lobes, concave along the

midrib, and with undulate edges, pubescent. Corolla twice as long as the

calyx, narrowly tubular, deeply divided into 4 narrow oblong glabrous

lobes, the tube pubescent inside and outside. Stamens 12, inserted at

its base on unequal slender filaments ; anthers broadly lanceolate,

much apiculate. Female flowers solitary, axillary, shortly pedicellate,

■4 in. long. Calyx cleft to the base into 4 large broadly ovate reniform

bluntly acuminate undulate lobes, sparsely adpressed-pubescent on

both surfaces, -25 in. long and as much across. Corolla a little

longer but less hairy than the calyx, fleshy, tubular, tetragonous,

divided for half its length into 4 narrow oblong lobes. Staminodcs

8, linear-lanceolate, apiculate, on slender filaments. Ovary narrowly

ellipsoid, tapering to the rather long style, glabrous. Fruit unknown.

Pebak: Wray 3508. Junkseylon (Tongka) : Gwrtis 2907.

5. Diospyeos geacilifloea, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XII. 191 (1873). A glabrous tree 40 to 50 feet high; young branches

less than half as thick as a goose-quill, deciduously puberulous, dark-

coloured and striate when dry. Leaves thickly membranous, alternate ;

rather narrowly elliptic, shortly and bluntly apiculate to caudate-

acuminate, the base much narrowed and often slightly oblique ; both

surfaces dull dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous except for

some minute hairs on the nerves beneath ; main-nerves about 5 pairs,

curved, ascending, depressed or obscure on the upper surface, pale and

slightly prominent on the lower like the midrib ; length 2 - 5 to 4 - 5 in.,

breadth -75 to 1-35; petioles T to -2 in. Male flowers -5 in. long, few

together, in small axillary cymes about as long as the petioles, sessile,

puberulous. Calyx large, two-thirds to one-half the length of the

corolla, but much wider, deeply divided into 4 large ovate-rotund

undulate semi-erect lobes. Corolla narrowly tubular, one-third to one-

half longer than the calyx ; the tube externally with 4 lines of

pubescence, otherwise glabreseent ; limb with 4 deeply oblong broad

blunt glabrous spreading sub-undulate lobes. Stamens 8, in two rows,

212 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 of them smaller than the other 4 ; anthers linear-lanceolate, apicu-

late, the filaments flat, very short ; rudimentary ovary small, narrowly

ovate, glabrous. Female flowers like the 3 and often mixed with

them, but sometimes solitary. Ovary broadly ovoid, with short style,

glabrous. Fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. long and -75 in. in diam., glabrous,

crowned by the short remains of the style, and subtended by the

calyx with 4 spreading, undulate, sub-glabrous lobes. D. flavicans,

Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 205 (as to female plant partly).

D. decipiens, Clarke in Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 563.

Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 972 (? only). Peeak: Scortechini

181, 198; Wray 1298, 2843, 3214, 4227; King’s Collector 884, 3298,

3354, 3366, 3588, 3394, 5173, 6742, 7990, 10463. Penang: Curtis

3041. — Distbib. Java, Beccari 1560.

6. Diospyeos Scobtechinii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 15 to

30 or even 50 feet high; young branches as thick as a crow-quill,

tawny -puberulous, angled, pale when dry. Leaves alternate, small,

membranous ; narrowly elliptic-oblong, acuminate, much narrowed at

the base to the short petiole ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when

dry, the upper glabrous, the lower often puberulous, especially on

the midrib ; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, spreading, curved, ascending,

somewhat distinct on the lower surface, faint on the upper as are the

transverse reticulations ; length 2 to 4 in., breadth -6 to 1-25 in. ;

petiole -1 to 15 in. Male flowers -5 in. long, in shortly pedunculate

axillary fascicles of 2 or 3, or solitary and pedicellate. Calyx 1 in.

long, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, 1 in. long, campanulate,

deeply divided into 4 broad almost truncate lobes. Corolla coriaceous,

•3 in. long, glabrous ; tube tapering a little to the apex ; lobes 4, oblong,

sub-acute, spreading. Stamens 8 ; anthers shortly lanceolate, as long

as the filaments. Female floivers longer than the 3 , solitary, the

pedicel as long as the calyx, tomentose. Ovary ellipsoid, densely

pilose ; style short, conic ; stigmas small, glabrous. Fruit ellipsoid,

crowned by the very short style, puberulous. Calyx at its base

cupular, -2 in. across, tomentose outside, -75 in. long and -4 in. in

diam.

Peeak: Curtis 2092; King’s Collector 2407, 4126, 5002, 5296, 6356;

Scortechini 377 ; Wray 638.

7. Diospyeos flavicans, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 205

(1873). A tree 40 to 70 feet high ; young branches rather thicker than a

crow-quill, cinereous-puberulous becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate,

thinly coriaceous ; elliptic to oblong-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, the

base cuneate ; upper surface when dry olivaceous, glabrous, the lower

pale brown, densely puberulous on the stout midrib ; main-nerves 5 to

213

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

7 pairs, curved, ascending; length 3-25 to 5 in., breadth 1-35 to

2-5 in. ; petioles T to '15 in. Male floivers -45 in. long, 2 to 6

together, in axillary or extra-axillary bracteate sessile tomentose

fascicles. Calyx sub-sessile, campanulate, pubescent outside, glabrous

inside ; the limb deeply divided into 5 broadly ovate, bluntly acuminate

spreading lobes. Corolla salver-shaped; tube slightly inflated and

glabrous in the lower half outside, cylindrie and pubescent in the

upper half, inside glabrous ; limb with 4 broadly oblong obtuse

glabrescent spreading lobes. Stamens 12, of different lengths,

attached in 3 rows in the tube; anthers lanceolate-cordate, apicu-

late ; filaments slender and of varying length ; rudimentary ovary

none. Female flowers conspicuously bi-bracteate, in cymes like

the $ but shortly pedunculate. Calyx as in the $ but less deeply

lobed. Fruit ellipsoid, not much narrowed at the ends, slightly

tetragonous, glabrous, -75 in. long and about -35 in. in diam., crowned

by the short remains of the style ; the calyx clasping its base, about

half as long, with 4 deep triangular lobes. Seeds 4, ridged. Clarke in

Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 562 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI.,

ii. 236, For. FI. II. 135. Guatteria ? flavicans, Wall. Cat. 7295.

Fbenacea, sp. 2, Griff. Notul. IV. 291.

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 454, 3623; Maingay (K.D.) 972 (as to

male plant only)-, Heifer (K.D.) 3639? Penang: Curtis 1602.

Selangor : Ridley 10556. Perak : 2058 ; King’s Collector 2480,

3354, 3380, 3774, 6149, 6633, 10007.

8. Diospyros apiculata, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. XII.

186 (1873). A shrub or small tree ; young branches half as thick as

a goose-quill, fulvous-hirsute. Leaves alternate, membranous ; oblong

or elliptic-oblong, sometimes rather oblanceolate, finely caudate-

acuminate, slightly narrowed to the rounded or somewhat cuneate

base ; both surfaces dark olivaceous-brown when dry, transversely

reticulate; upper surface sparsely adpressed-pubescent, the midrib

and main-nerves pubescent and slightly depressed ; lower surface

darker, and with many long rather coarse hairs, especially on the

prominent midrib and 8 to 10 pairs of slightly curved ascending

main-nerves; length 5-5 to 7 in., breadth 1-5 to 2-5 in.; petiole

■1 in., tomentose. Male flowers about 3 together, axillary, sub-sessile,

•35 in. long. Calyx 4- to 5-partite, about '25 in. long, pubescent, lobes

narrowly lanceolate. Corolla tubular, 4-lobed, - 4 in. long, the lobes

spreading, oval, obtuse. Stamens 6 to 12, unequal, glabrous ; anthers

linear-oblong, acuminate ; filaments often geniculate, dilated and some-

what united at the base,, rudimentary ovary small, hairy. Female

flowers 1 to 3 together on short axillary, minutely hispid cymes.

214

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Fruit sub-sessile, solitary, ovoid-eonie, finely rusty-setose, especially

in the upper half, about 1 in. long and - 5 to - 75 in. across, apieulate.

Seeds about 4, albumen not ruminate. Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br.

Ind. III. 553.

Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1514. Perak: King’s Collector 5127,

6770. Penang : Curtis 1584.

9. Diospyros LANCEiEFOLiA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93 (1814). A tree ;

young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, adpressed-puberulous,

dark brown when dry. Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; oblong, lanceolate

or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate,

the edges recurved; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the

upper darker and shining, the lower paler and dull ; main-nerves 7 to

9 pairs, spreading, faint on both surfaces ; midrib bold on the lower

surface, depressed on the upper ; length 2 to 3 in. ; breadth - 65 to

1 in. ; petiole -15 to -2 in. Male flowers sessile in clusters. Calyx

•15 in. long with 4 ovate tawny-sericeous lobes. Corolla '35 to - 5 in.

long, narrowed upwards, the lobes - 15 in. long. Stamens about 16;

anthers linear, glabrous or slightly pilose at the base ; filaments

minutely pilose. Female flowers solitary or in pairs on the branches

below the leaves, -5 in. long. Calyx -3 in. long, very coriaceous,

densely sericeous-pubescent on both surfaces, deeply divided into

4 erect, broadly reniform, acute lobes. Corolla a little longer than

the calyx, densely sericeous-tomentose outside, the tube glabrous

inside ; lobes of limb 4, oblong, very thick. Staminodes 8, linear

compressed. Ovary broadly ovate, acuminate, densely silky; stigmas

4, glabrous. Fruit ovoid or sub-globose, rusty-villous ; its calyx 1 in.

in diam. with thickened tube and spreading lobes. Roxb. FI. Ind.

II. 537 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 232 ; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XII. 213 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI., ii. 236, and For. FI.

II. 136 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 562. D. multiflora.

Wall. Cat. 4144; A. DC. l.c. 231. D. amcena, Wall. Cat. 4139;

A. DC. l.c. 231.

Singapore : Ridley 4964. Pahang : Ridley 1601. — Distrib.

Assam range of hills, Burma, Sumatra.

The chief characters separating this from I), lucida, Wall., are the longer lobes of

the calyx of the female flower and the somewhat larger and more hairy fruit. This

species is not common within our area, whereas D. lucida is a common tree.

10. Diospyros pachyphylla, Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III.

568 (1882). A tree ; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill,

deciduously puberulous, soon glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, alternate ;

elliptic or oblong, sub-acute, the base rounded ; both surfaces when

215

Flora oj the Malayan Peninsula.

dry rather pale olivaceous-brown, glabrous ; the upper shining, the

lower glaucous, dull ; main-nerves 8 or 9 pairs, curving upwards, faint

on both surfaces midrib bold on the lower surface, depressed on the

upper; length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1-5 to 2-5 in. ; petiole -25 to ‘4 in

Male flowers in short rusty-pubescent axillary and extra-axillary cymes

from - 5 to '75 in. long, bracts ovate, -1 in. long. Calyx -15 in. long,

campanulate, adpressed rusty-tomentose on both surfaces, cut half-

way into 4 broad triangular erect lobes. Corolla tomentose externally

( fide 0. B. Clarke) nearly -5 in. long, its lobes about -1 in. Stamens

about 12 ; anthers linear, with villous connective and glabrous

filaments. Female flowers unknown. Fruit globular, the apex con-

cave and bearing the short remains of the style, -65 in. in diam.,

minutely rusty adpressed-pubescent, becoming glabrous ; the calyx

at its base woody* cupular, with 4 broad lobes with reflexed apices.

Malacca : Maingay (K.I>.) 974. Singapore : Biclley 5644.

This does not agree with D. unclulata, Wall., of which Hiern, in Trans. Camb. Phil.

Soo. XII. 215, makes it a variety. It comes much nearer to, but is smaller in all its

parts than, the plant named by us D. Wallichii , which was originally issued as

D. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4141.

11. Diospyros clavigera, Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 558

(1882). A tree ; all parts glabrous except the minutely pilose-ciliate margin

of the calyx. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, elliptic, tapering slightly

to each end (sub-rhomboidal) ; both surfaces warm brown when dry, the

upper glabrous, shining, the lower dull ; main-nerves 6 or 7 pairs,

little curved, ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface, faint

on the upper ; length 3'25 to 4-5, breadth 1-5 to 2-15 in. ; petioles -15

to - 2 in. Male flowers 3 to 16 together in small sub-sessile axillary and

extra-axillary cymes. Calyx -15 in. long, deeply divided into 4 obtuse

lobes. Corolla (in bud) -35 in. long, clavate, glabrous outside, the

upper part very thick, 4-lobed. Stamens about 16, glabrous ; anthers

oblong, shortly apiculate. Female floioer and fruit unknown. D.

Ebenum, Hiern ( not of Koenig) in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 208

(in part).

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 971 ; Griffith (K.D.) 3635. Langkawi :

Curtis 3418. Singapore : Maingay 5066.

12. Diospyros bilocularis, Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2336 (1894).

A glabrous tree 60 to 80 feet high ; young branches about the thickness

of a goose-quill, dark purplish when dry and shining, slightly striate.

Leaves thickly coriaceous ; elliptic, sub-acute, the base slightly cuneate,

the edges (when dry) recurved ; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the

upper shining, the lower paler and dull ; midrib inconspicuous and

216 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slightly channelled on the upper surface, bold on the lower; main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, interarching far from the

edge, faint on both surfaces ; length 5 to 6'5 in., breadth 2'5 to 3'25 in.

Male flowers -65 in. long (in bud) on rusty-pubescent pedicels -3 to

■4 in. long, in axillary and extra-axillary fascicles of 2 to 4, with a few

tomentose bracteoles at their bases. Calyx very coriaceous, "25 in. long

and nearly as much in width at the mouth ; limb 4-lobed, the

lobes very short and broad. Corolla narrowly tubular, -4 in. long,

very thick ; lobes of limb long, narrowly oblong. Stamens 16 ;

sub-sessile, linear, sub-equal, apiculate ; rudimentary ovary none.

Female flower; calyx and corolla as in the $ , staminodes none;

ovary oblong or oval-ovoid, narrowed at the apex, longer than the

calyx, 2-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell i and pendulous. Fruit olive-

shaped, shortly apiculate, T5 to 2 in. long and 1 to 1'25 in. in diam. at

the middle, yellow when ripe ; its pedicel obconic, stout, woody, -4 in.

long ; calyx in ripe fruit flat, with 4 broad blunt lobes. Seed solitary ;

pericarp thin, only -3 in. across, albumen large stellately ruminate.

Maba Maingayi, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 107 ; Clarke in

Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 552.

Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 976; Derry 1092. Singapore: Bidley

27, 2755, 4920. Perak: at elevations of 1,500 to 2,000 feet, King's

Collector 7383.

13. Diospyros styraciformis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ;

young branches rusty-pubescent, slightly thicker than a crow-quill.

Leaves thinly coriaceous ; elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, the apex sub-

acute or acute, the base cuneate ; upper suface dark olivaceous, shining,

glabrous except the depressed midrib ; the lower surface dull, paler,

with deciduous rufous pubescence, especially on the prominent midrib ;

main-nerves about 5 pairs, ascending, little curved, slightly prominent

on the lower surface only; length 2-5 to 4 in., breadth 1 to 2 in. ;

petiole - 2 to '35 in. Male flowers a few together in short cymes grouped

in small axillary clusters. Calyx -2 in. long, narrowly campanulate,

densely rusty-tomentose externally like the corolla, the mouth with

deep narrowly-triangular teeth. Corolla - 5 in. long, narrowly tubular,

cut half-way down into 4 oblong blunt lobes. Stamens 16, in pairs,

unequal, linear, apiculate; filaments unequal in length; rudimentary

ovary none. Female flowers solitary, calyx much longer than in the $ ;

its 4 lobes thick, broad, reniform, rusty-pubescent. Corolla not known ;

ovary hairy. Fruit globose with the apex truncate and depressed in

the middle, densely but minutely pale rusty-tomentose, -5 in. long

and about '65 in. in diam. Calyx at its base deeply cupular with

4 spreading triangular teeth. D. nov. spec., C. B. Clarke in Herb.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 217

Kew. D. hirsuta, Linn, fil., ? var., Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XII. 165.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 969. Singapore : Ridley 3787.

Kidley’s No. 1084, from Bukit Timah, in Singapore, seems to belong to this. The

only specimen I have seen is imperfect.

14. Diospyros lucid.a, Wall. Cat. 4127 (1829). A tree 40 to 50 feet

high; young branches from half as thick to as thick as a crow-quill,

minutely puberulous, becoming glabrescent, dark-coloured. Leaves alter-

nate, coriaceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute or obtuse, the base

rounded or euneate, sometimes a little oblique ; both surfaces when dry

pale olivaceous-brown, glabrous ; main-nerves 5 to 9 pairs, spreading,

curved, faint on the lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper ;

midrib bold on the lower surface, somewhat depressed on the upper ;

length 1-25 to 4-5 in., breadth -5 to P5 in. ; petioles -2 to ‘4 in. Male

flowers sessile, in small fascicles. Calyx nearly T5 in. long, campanulate,

with 4 erect broadly triangular lobes, tomentose on both surfaces.

Corolla narrowly tubular, more than twice as long as the calyx, tetra-

gonous in bud, serieeous-tomentose outside, the tube glabrous inside ;

limb deeply divided into 4 narrowly oblong thick lobes. Stamens 12 to

16, in pairs united by their short filaments and face to face ; anthers

linear, glabrous, minutely apiculate, and on short sericeous filaments ;

rudimentary ovary linear. Female flowers 1 or 2 together, axillary or

extra-axillary, sub-sessile. Calyx longer than in the $ , lobed nearly to the

base ; lobes broadly ovate, their recurved margins minutely tomentose.

Fruit globose, ‘75 in. or more in diam., sub-truncate and slightly

umbonate at the apex, adpressed rusty-pubescent at first, ultimately

glabrous, 4-6-seeded ; the accrescent calyx at its base woody,

cupular, -6 in. across with 4 short broad reflexed lobes ; albumen of

seed not ruminate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 233 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. PI.

Br. Ind. III. 568. D. hirsuta, var. lucida Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil.

Soc. XII. 163 {not of Linn, fil.)

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3637 ; Maingay (K.D.) 970, 973, 977,

3,500; Derry 1439. Perak: Scortechini ; Wray 3018, 3056.

Penang : Curtis 250, 1602 ; King’s Collector 1050, 1760. Singapore :

Ridley 2119, 2749, 3580, 4962, 4963, 6129, 8115, 9212, 9517.

This is probably only a southern form of the Indian species D. lanceafolia, Boxb.

15. Diospyros oblonga, Wall. Cat. 4124 (1829). A tree ; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, purplish-brown when dry, glabrous.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous, glabrous ; oblong-elliptic, shortly and

abruptly apiculate, the base rounded or slightly euneate ; both surfaces

218

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

faintly reticulate, quite glabrous, shining ; main-nerves 16 to 18 pairs,

spreading, little curved, interarching boldly at a little distance from the

edges, prominent on the lower surface, depressed on the upper ; midrib

very bold on the lower surface, depressed on the upper ; length 7 to 9

in., breadth 3 to 3'75 in. ; petiole -1 in., very stout. Male flowers about

•5 in. long, salver-shaped, in short axillary cymes, coriaceous, sub-

sessile, '5 in. long. Calyx and corolla everywhere adpressed-tomentose.

Calyx shorter than the corolla, campanulate, cleft to near the base into

5 oblong, blunt, sub-erect lobes. Gorolla-tiobe narrow, not constricted at

the throat ; limb with 5 large broad rotund lobes with recurved edges.

Stamens 10, united in pairs by the bases of their filaments, the inner

ones smaller, all inserted on the base of the calyx- tube. Female flowers

1 to 5 together, - 25 to '3 in. long, with 5 deep ovate-oblong auriculate

sub-plicate lobes. Corolla '35 in. long, densely hairy outside, deeply

lobed ; staminodes 5 ; ovary 10-celled, rusty-hairy. Fruit sub-globose,

sub-truncate at base and apex, glabrous when ripe ; the hispid accrescent

calyx '75 in. across, its lobes auriculate ; albumen of seed not

ruminate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 243 ; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XII. 243 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. El. Br. Ind. III. 569 ; Miq. FI. Ind.

Bat. II. 1045.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 967. Penang : Curtis 1564, 2487.

3658. Singapore: Bidley 2747, 3031, 6311. Perak: King’s

Collector 3794, 4924, 7237, 8278.

16. Diospyros Helperi, Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 569

(1882). A tree 20 to 30 feet high ; young branches half as thick as a

goose-quill, pale puberulous, the bark dark. Leaves alternate, coriaceous ;

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute or obtuse, the base broad or sub-

acute ; the upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous

except the depressed puberulous midrib, the reticulations minute but

distinct ; lower brown, glabrescent but puberulous on the rather stout

midrib and nerves ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, rather faint, spreading,

horizontal, interarching boldly about -25 in. from the edge ; length 5-5

to 7 - 5 in., breadth 2-5 to 3 - 25 in. ; petiole '4 to - 5 in., stout, pubescent.

Male flowers unknown. Female flowers - 5 in. long, axillary, solitary or

2 together, sessile. Calyx coriaceous, densely pubescent inside and

out, deeply divided into 5 broadly oblong, sub-acute lobes, accrescent,

and becoming concave along the midribs of the lobes. Corolla some-

what longer than the calyx, sericeous externally ; the tube short, the

limb-lobes deep, broadly oblong, blunt ; staminodes few, flat. Ovary

broadly ovoid, densely sericeous-tomentose. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid,

nearly 1 in. long, and slightly less in diarn., glabrous ; the accrescent

calyx embracing its base deeply 5-lobed, plicate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 219

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3632. Kedah : Curtis 2596, 8327 ? ;

Ridley 327.

17. Diospyros tbistis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 40 to 50

feet high; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, covered with

deciduous almost black tomentum. Leaves alternate, coriaceous;

oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate ; both

surfaces dingy olivaceous-brown when dry, minutely reticulate ; upper

surface glabrous, shining, the lower dull, the prominent midrib densely

clothed with dark hairs; the 7 or 8 pairs of prominent ascending

main-nerves and the intermediate spaces with a few similar hairs with

bulbous bases; length 6 to 9 in., breadth 2 to 2-75 in.; petioles -4

to -5 in. Male flowers -3 in. long, in short axillary cymes -75 in. long,

the branches and pedicels densely dark rusty-tomentose outside. Calyx

glabrous inside ; the mouth with 5 broad short obtuse teeth. Corolla

fleshy, glabrous, like the calyx in shape and of about the same length.

Stamens 24 ; anthers lanceolate, shortly appendiculate at the apex,

sessile. Female flowers unknown. Fruit depressed-globose, glabrous,

shining, nearly 2 in. in diam. ; the calyx at its base thick, woody, fiat,

1-5 in. across, with 5 spreading triangular lobes.

Perak : Wray 2190 ; King’s Collector 5521.

18. Diospybos pauciflora, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous shrub

or small tree ; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, their

bark dark and rough. Leaves rather large, alternate, very coriaceous ;

oblong-lanceolate or -oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the

base slightly cuneate ; upper surface olivaceous, shining, lower

ochraceous, dull; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, spreading, curved, and

interarching boldly -1 or -2 in. from the slightly recurved edge ; length

5 to 10 in., breadth 1-75 to 3 in. ; petiole -25 to -3 in., corrugated.

Male flowers -3 in. long, sessile and in sessile axillary fascicles of from 3

to 6. Calyx -25 in. long, narrowly tubular, somewhat narrowed at

base and apex, coriaceous, pale in colour, the mouth with 4 broad

triangular short erect lobes, outer surface with a layer of minute

adpressed tawny tomentum and scattered over it many black adpressed

hairs ; the interior paler, pustular, with a few similar scattered hairs

and a thick ring of them near the base surrounding the rudimentary

ovary and clothing it also. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx,

fleshy, widely tubular, divided for half its length into 4 broad obtuse

lobes with a broad line of adpressed black hairs along the midrib of each

outside, the rest of the outer surface adpressed-sericeous, the interior

quite glabrous. Stamens 12, viz., 8 in pairs standing face to face and

united by their short filaments, and 4 free; anthers of all linear,

densely hairy, on short glabrous filaments. Female flowers not seen.

220

Flora of tlic Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : King’s Collector 7363, 7749.

19. Diospyros ellipsoidea, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree or

shrub ; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, deeidu-

ously and densely rusty-puberulous. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous ;

oblong to elliptic-oblong, rarely slightly oblanceolate, apex acute, base

rounded ; both surfaces when dry olivaceous-brown, the upper glabrous,

the midrib sometimes rusty-puberulous, the lower surface darker,

minutely puberulous ; midrib and 10 to 12 pairs of curved ascending

nerves faintly prominent on the lower and depressed on the upper

surface; length 6 to 10 in.; breadth 2-25 to 3'5 in.; petioles -25 to

•3 in. Male flowers in dense axillary cymes of 6 to 12, not much

longer than the petioles ; braeteoles few, broad, densely rusty-tomentose.

Calyx sub-sessile, tomentose externally, glabrous internally, divided

into 4 sub-rotund blunt lobes. Corolla glabrous, very fleshy towards

the apex, with 4 broad deep lobes. Stamens at the base of the tube,

broadly ovate, apiculate, filaments flattened. Female flowers in sub-

sessile clusters of 3 or 4. Calyx with 4 rounded lobes, reflexed,

coriaceous, and in fruit only - 35 in. across. Fruit ellipsoid, glabrous,

crowned by the short style and subtended by the reflexed broadly-lobed

small calyx, 1 to 1"25 in. long and - 8 in. in diam. Seeds few, ellipsoid,

apiculate, two of the sides compressed.

Perak: King’s Collector 2233, 3250, 7098, 7269, 7320, 7689,

8215 ; Scortechini 1615.

20. Diospyros Wallichii, King & Gamble. A tree 30 to 60 feet

high ; young branches covered with minute coarse hair, the older

verrucose. Leaves alternate, coriaceous'; oblong or elliptic-oblong, apex

acute, base cuneate or rounded ; edges slightly recurved ; upper

surface glabrous and shining, lower paler, minutely pubescent at

first but becoming glabrescent, both olivaceous when dry ; midrib

depressed on the upper surface, bold on the lower ; main-nerves 14 to

18 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, prominent on the lower surface,

faint on the upper; length 8 to 14 in., breadth 2-5 to 5 in. ; petiole -5

to -75 in. Male cymes '5 to - 75 in. long, in clusters (often crowded) on

the branches, 7-10-flowered ; braeteoles broad, blunt, concave, thick

like the calyx and corolla, and like them densely rusty-tomentose

externally. Calyx -1 to -15 in. long, tubular; the mouth with 4 blunt

triangular erect teeth ; tomentose on both surfaces. Corolla thrice as

long as the calyx ; narrowly tubular, glabrous inside. Stamens 16, in

2 rows, the inner attached to the outer at the bases of their filaments;

all linear; rudimentary ovary small, hairy. Female flower rather larger

than the $ , but in smaller cymes ; the calyx tetragonous and deeply

grooved, very fleshy, becoming woody, very large and boldly 4-angled and

221

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

grooved in the ripe fruit. Corolla as in the $ , but somewhat longer.

Staminodes about 16. Ovary conical densely hairy ; stigma glabrous,

with 4 deep oblong truncate lobes. Fruit 1 in. in diam., nearly twice

as much across the calyx, sub-globose, deeply immersed in the large

thickened calyx, its apex truncate-concave ; seeds 4 or 5. D. macro-

phylla, Wall. Cat. 4141 ( not of Blume). D. undulata, Wall. A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 233 ; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 216 (in part ) ;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 23, and For. PI. II. 135 (in

vart) ; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 568.

Penang: Curtis 1085; Ridley 7174. Malacca: Maingay (K.D.),

974 ; Griffith (K.D.) 3636. Perak : Scortechini 1976 ; Wray 2535,

2865. King’s Collector 2966, 2982, 4058, 6779, 7459, 7619, 10123.

Kedak : Curtis 2594. Selangor : Ridley 2748, 8544.

This is the plant issued by Wallieh as No. 4141 of his Catalogue under the name

D. macrophylla. Being different from the older D. macropliylla of Blume, a new

name had to be found for it. This was done by De Candolle, who reduced it, as a

variety, to Wallieh’s D. undulata with the type specimen of which in Wallich’s own

herbarium it does not agree. De Candolle was followed by Hiern, Kurz, and

Clarke ; we now restore it to specific rank. The true D. undulata, Wall., is a Burmese

species. It is found also in the Andaman Islands, but it has not as yet been collected

in Malaya.

21. Diospyros argentea, Griff. Notul. IV. 288 (1854). A tree 15 to

50 feet high ; young branches about as thick as a goose-quill, covered with

sub-deciduous yellowish silky hairs. Leaves large, coriaceous ; oblong,

apex acute, base rather abruptly cuneate or rounded; upper surface

warm brown when dry, glabrous and shining, the midrib depressed ;

lower densely covered with yellowish adpressed sericeous hair, the

midrib very stout ; main-nerves invisible on both surfaces ; length 6 to

10 in.; breadth 1-65 to 3-5 in.; petioles -1 to -25 in. Male flowers in

somewhat supra-axillary few-flowered shortly pedunculate spike-like

cymes 1 to 1'25 in. long (peduncle included) ; bracts ovate -2 in. long.

Calyx -25 in. long, deeply 4-lobed, villous. Corolla • 35 in. long,

tubular, lobed half-way down, very villous outside. Stamens 20 to 24.

Female flower solitary on a peduncle -2 in. long ; calyx campanulate,

•5 in. long, with ovate lobes. Corolla -65 in. long. Staminodes 4 to 5.

Ovary 4-eelled, 8-ovuled, densely hairy ; styles 4, erect, hairy. Fruit.

ellipsoid, apiculate, 2 to 2'5 in. long and 1 to 2 in. in diam., densely rusty-

tomentose ; the calyx persistent, its lobes enlarged, broad, very coria-

ceous, shortly hairy. Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 262 ;

Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 569. D. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4131

(not of Willd.).

Malacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3625; Maingay (K.D.) 968, 970; Goodenough

222

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1301, 1476. Singapore : Ridley 3648, 5898 ; Hullett 825. Perak :

Wray 172, 1392; King's Collector 4812, 5862, 6387, 6896, 8003,

8142 ; Scortechini 498. Pangkore : Curtis 1365. Selangor : Ridley.

10271. Pahang : Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 318 in

Tahan woods.

22. Diospyros rigida, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII.

257 (1873). A tree 30 to 60 feet high ; young branches as thick

as a goose-quill, minutely dark rusty-tomentose. Leaves alternate,

very coriaceous, large ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, equal-sided, the

apex sub-acute, the base rounded and neither oblique nor cordate ;

upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, shining, minutely

reticulate ; lower paler olivaceous-brown, covered except the midrib

with a very thin film of minute tomentum, minutely reticulate ,

midrib very bold on the lower surface, pubescent at the sides,

slightly depressed on the upper ; main-nerves 14 to 20 pairs, spread-

ing, interarcbing '35 in. from the edge, slightly distinct on the

lower surface, invisible on the upper ; length 10 to 18 in., breadth 2 to

4 in. ; petiole -4 to '6 in., very stout. Male flowers when in bud -4 in.

long and nearly '3 in. in diam., few, in short extra-axillary cymes,

densely covered with black tomentum ; the pedicels stout, deflexed,

about '75 in. long. Calyx densely tomentose, ovoid, tapered to the

apex, its mouth with 4 broad shallow blunt teeth. Corolla (apparently)

not much longer than the calyx, very coriaceous, glabrous, the tube

ovoid ; the lobes short, oblong, blunt. Stamens about 20, inserted at

the base of the tube, unequal ; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, almost

sessile. Female flowers unknown. Ripe fruit in cymes, depressed-

globose, glaberulous, with a woody rind, 1'75 in. in length from base to

apex and 2 in. in diam. ; remains of style none ; calyx at base of fruit

cupular, 1'5 in. across, divided into 4 reticulate leathery spreading

broadly ovate lobes ; peduncle '75 to 1-25 in. long, with dark hispid

hairs.

Perak : King’s Collector 4024, 5732, 5971, 6801 ; Wray 3708. —

Distrib. Borneo.

23. Diospyros Horsfieldii, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII.

193 (1873). A tree 20 to 40 feet high, all parts except the cymes

glabrous ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale. Leaves

alternate, coriaceous ; oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, apex sub-acute,

base slightly cuneate or rounded, the edges slightly recurved when dry;

upper surface when dry olivaceous-green, lower surface brown; the

midrib and nerves depressed ; the reticulations, midrib, and 8 to 14

pairs of curved spreading main-nerves very bold and prominent ; length

6 to 10 in., breadth 2-5 to 4 in. ; petioles -35 in. Cymes 2 to 3 in. long,

223

Flora oj the Malayan Peninsula.

covered with black pubescence, few-flowered, collected on extra-axillary

or axillary tubercles, sometimes forming small panicles, consisting

mostly of flowers, and often with only a few 2 , with many

oblanceolate blunt bracts - 25 to "3 in. long, and some smaller brac-

teoles ; branches of the cyme striate when dry. Calyx -15 in. long,

divided to its base into 4 broadly ovate undulate lobes. Corolla

in bud cylindric, tetragonous at the base ; about -4 in. long, tomen-

tose, deeply divided into 4 narrowly elliptic blunt lobes. Stamens

about 16 in 2 rows, united into a tube, the anterior row smaller than

the posterior, all narrow and apiculate, the filaments short, and hairy.

Female flowers like the $ as to calyx, but with corolla somewhat longer

and with about 12 flat staminodes. Ovary ovoid-conic, tomentose,

attenuated into a long style. Stigma with several small lobes; ovary

8-celled. Fruit when ripe ovoid-globular, 1 to 1'25 in. in diam., glab-

rescent, subtended by the accrescent calyx with large reticulate undulate

lobes. Seeds compressed, oblong. Clarke in Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III.

571. D. frutescens, Hassk. PI. As. Ear. 467 (not of Blume).

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3620. Perak : Scortechini 1765 ; King’s

Collector 8261. — Disthib. Java.

Specimens of this sent from Herbarium Koordersianum, Buitenzorg, have pentamerous

flowers; but in other respects they do not differ from the Perak specimens in Herb.

Calcutta.

24. Diospyros toposioides, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous

tree 15 to 40 feet high, sometimes only a shrub ; young branches

rather thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown and striate when dry.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate or acute,

base rounded ; edges slightly recurved when dry ; both surfaces pale

olivaceous when dry, minutely but distinctly reticulate, the upper

shining, the lower darker and dull ; midrib channelled on the upper

surface, strong and prominent on the lower ; main-nerves 16 to 20 pairs,

spreading, little-curved, interarching far from the edge, the intermediate

nerves nearly as prominent ; length 7 to 11 in. ; breadth 2 to 4 in. ;

petiole -3 to -4 in. long, stout, wrinkled when dry like the midrib. Male

flowers -25 in. long, on pedicels longer than themselves, in cymose

axillary panicles about 1 in. in length. Calyx coriaceous, glabrous,

campanulate, with wide truncate entire or sub-entire mouth. Corolla

slightly exceeding the calyx, ovoid, inflated below, contracted to the

4-toothed apex. Stamens numerous, linear, slightly auricled at the base,

filaments very short. Female floivers when in bud -3 in. long, conical.

Calyx acutely 4-angled in' bud ; the 4 lobes deltoid, very coriaceous,

puberulous outside, rusty-tomentose inside like the ovary and young

224

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fruit, accrescent in fruit. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx,

tubular, with 4 short erect ovate lobes, quite glabrous. Staminodes

about 12, flattened, villous behind. Ovary conical, densely rusty-

tomentose. Stigma glabrous, short, with 8 small lobes. Fruit in

cymes, depressed-globular, 1 to 1-25 in. in diam., much exceeding the

minutely reticulate calyx, glabrescent, minutely tuberculate. Seeds

compressed.

Perak : King’s Collector 4106, 4361, 4889, 5769, 8242, 8357;

Scortechini ; Ridley 3079, 10302 ?

The leaves of this in texture and reticulations much resemble those of D. Toposia,

Ham. The flowers and inflorescence are, however, different from those of that

species.

25. Diospyros oleifolia, Wall. Cat. 4128 (1829). A tree; young

branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, almost black when dry,

sparsely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, alternate ; narrowly oblong to

elliptic, sub-acute or acute, the base cuneate ; upper surface pale

olivaceous, glabrous, shining ; the lower yellowish, dull, for the most

part glabrous, but usually with sparse adpressed black detachable

hairs near the midrib and base ; main-nerves invisible on either

surface ; midrib strong on the lower surface, slightly depressed on

the upper, length 6'5 in. ; breadth 2 in. ; petiole -25 in. long.

Male cymes on axillary peduncles about -3 in. long, each bearing 3

unequally pedicellate flowers -5 in. long ; all very dark in colour and

with black hairs like those on the outer surface of the calyx. Calyx

•4 in. long, tubular-campanulate, densely adpressed rusty-tomentose

inside, cut half-way down into 4 triangular erect lobes. Corolla

tubular, slightly longer than the calyx, very thick, densely tomentose

like the interior of the calyx ; its lobes 4, very thick, oblong, spreading

slightly. Anthers attached near the base of the tube, 16, linear-

lanceolate, sessile. Female flowers on longer panicles than the males ;

pedunculate calyx with 4 triangular acute lobes, velvety outside, tawny -

tomentose inside. Fruit depressed-globose, 1'35 in. in diam. ; the

pericarp woody, glabrous when ripe, tawny-tomentose when young,

the persistent calyx at its base thick, woody, nearly 1 in. in diam.,

with dark tomentum outside. A. DC. Prod. VII. 132 ; Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLI., Pt. II. 72, id. XLVI., Pt. II. 235,

and For. FI. II. 132 ; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 204 ;

Clarke in Hook fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 567.

Penang : Curtis 1573. Perak : King's Collector 3876 ; Scortechini.

— Distrib. Burma, Java.

26. Diospyros brachiata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous tree

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 225

20 to 40 feet high ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate,

the base slightly cuneate or rounded ; upper surface pale olivaceous

when dry, lower pale brown; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, curved,

ascending, prominent like the midrib on the lower surface, depressed

somewhat on the upper ; length 5'5 to 9 in. ; breadth 1-5 to 2 - 5 in. ;

petioles - 3 to - 5 in. Male flowers about ■ 5 in. long. Calyx -2 in. long,

campanulate, divided almost to the base into 5 ovate-acute erect lobes,

each folded vertically along the midrib so as to form a deep dorsal

groove, everywhere minutely rusty-tomentose. Corolla twice as long as

the calyx, narrowly tubular ; the tube 5- angled, externally divided, the

5 lobes twice as long as the tube, linear-oblong, contorted in {estivation,

the external half of each lobe tawny-tomentose, the inner half and the

whole of the anterior surface glabrous. Stamens 14, linear, apiculate,

sub-sessile. Female floioers - 4 in. long, collected in compound umbellate

axillary cymes l - 5 to 1'75 in. long and about as much across, the

branches compressed, rusty-puberulous, spreading, bearing a few oblong

obtuse bracts ; flower-pedicels varying in length from ’1 to -2 in.,

bibracteolate. Calyx fleshy, tomentose outside, deeply divided into

ovate-acuminate erect grooved lobes. Corolla tubular, tomentose

outside, glabrous inside, very thick, deeply divided into 4 oblong lobes.

Staminodes about 8, lanceolate, flattened. Ovary ovoid, tapering into a

short style, tomentose. Fruit depressed-globose, puberulous, ’75 to

•9 in diam., and about the same from below the calyx to the somewhat

concave apex ; calyx woody, thick, 1 in. wide, with triangular deeply

grooved sub-acute lobes.

Penang : Curtis 1453, 1454, 10230.

27. Diospybos paniculata, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. IV. 109

(1852). A tree 50 to 70 feet high ; young branches less than half as thick

as a goose-quill, rusty-puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, alternate ;

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly apiculate or acuminate ;

the base cuneate or rounded ; both surfaces pale olivaceous when dry,

the reticulations minute and distinct, especially on the glabrous upper

surface ; main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs, curving upwards and forming arches

far from the edge, bold like the midrib on the lower surface and

slightly depressed on the upper ; lower surface softly pubescent ; length

4 to 7‘5 in., breadth 1-65 to 2 - 5 in.; petiole -25, stout, channelled,

pubescent. Male and female flowers not seen. Fruit in lax raeemoid

cymes, ellipsoid, crowned by the small remains of the style, rufous-

hirsute when young, ultimately glabrous, 1'5 in. long and 1 in. in

diam. ; the accrescent calyx at its base with 4 large broadly ovate

membranous lobes with many vertical nerves and numerous distinct

226

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

minute reticulations, each lobe 1'25 long and nearly as wide. Dalz. &

Gibs. Mora Bombay, 141 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. cxxv, and FI. Sylv.

Madr. cxliv; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 190; Clarke in

Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 570.

Perak: King’s Collector 7637, 8163.

The scanty specimens from Perak are in fruit only, but the leaves and fruit agree

so well with those of D. paniculata — a species hitherto known only from the west of

the Indian Peninsula — that, in spite of the anomalous geographical distribution, we,

temporarily at least, refer the Perak specimens to that species.

28. Diospyros Kunstleri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to

40 feet high ; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous.

Leaves alternate, large, thickly membranous ; elliptic to elliptic-oblong,

acute, the base rounded ; both surfaces, -when dry, olivaceous-brown,

the lower rather darker than the upper, somewhat shining, faintly

reticulate ;■ main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, much curved, spreading, ascend-

ing, and forming wide arches ‘25 in. from the edge, prominent on the

lower surface like the midrib, somewhat depressed on the upper ; length

8 to 12 in., breadth 3'5 to 4 - 5 in. ; petioles "25 to - 35 in. Male flowers

unknown. Female flowers in short axillary and extra-axillary puberu-

lous cymes, nearly 1 in. long, pedicellate ; bracts narrow, nearly as long

as the pedicels, oblong. Fruit in short stout cymes (unripe) depressed-

globular, crowned by the short remains of the style, with 4 or 5 vertical

ridges, everywhere densely rusty-tomentose, subtended by the accres-

cent almost woody calyx, with 4 deep reniform-cordate apiculate erect

undulate lobes.

Perak : King’s Collector 4343, 7633, 8229.

29. Diospyros nutans, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small

tree 8 to 16 feet high ; young branches less than one-third as thick as a

goose-quill, deciduously villous, the older much thicker with deeply

channelled dark-coloured, sub-glabrous bark. Leaves alternate, thinly

coriaceous ; oblong or sub-oblanceolate-oblong, apex shortly caudate-

acuminate, the base rounded ; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper

glabrous, the lower puberulous, but often villous on the prominent

midrib ; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curved, ascending, interarching near

the margin, the reticulations distinct ; length 5 to 7 in., breadth 1-5 to

2-25 in. ; petiole - 15 in. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered, borne on the

apices of slender slightly supra-axillary flexuous puberulous peduncles

much longer than the leaves (often twice as long) ; bracteoles few, small,

lanceolate, concave. Male flowers in different cymes from the females,

•5 in. long, on short pedicels less than -1 in. long. Calyx puberulous,

campanulate, with 5 long lanceolate lobes. Corolla four times as long

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 227

as the calyx, narrowly tubular, slightly constricted at the throat, hairy

outside, glabrous inside ; the limb with 5 deep oblong lobes. Stamens

10, linear-elliptic, apieulate, inserted in the bottom of the tube, 5 sessile

and 5 with filaments. Female flowers shorter than the $ , with

small filamentous staminodes. Ovary narrowly ovoid, densely rufous-

hirsute, attenuated into a long pubescent style crowned by 5 short

glabrous reflexed small stigmas. Fruit narrowly ellipsoid, sparsely

hairy, -6 to 1 in. long and -5 in. in diam., crowned by the persistent

style and subtended by the non-accrescent calyx. Seeds few, narrowly

ellipsoid.

Perak : Scortechini 67 4, 1678; King’s Collector 378, 2675, 2987,

3573, 7087.

Differs from all the other Malayan species by its long pecluneled pendulous

inflorescence.

Species imperfectly known.

30. Diospyros reflexa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 70

feet high ; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, covered with a

layer of minute deciduous rusty pubescence. Leaves alternate, thickly

coriaceous ; oblong to elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ;

upper surface olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower pale brown, both

minutely reticulate ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, spreading, interarching

•15 in. from the slightly recurved edges ; length 5 to 7'5 in., breadth

1-75 to 3 in. ; petiole -4 or -5 in. Floivers unknown. Fruit hemi-

spheric with depressed truncate apex, under 1 in. in diam. ; the calyx

embracing the very base of the fruit with 4 fleshy much reflexed

revolute triangular fleshy lobes, densely rusty-tomentose like the fruit.

Perak : King's Collector 7676, 7747.

The curious fleshy calyx with much-reflexed lobes distinguishes this from all the

other Malayan species.

31. Diospyros penangiana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to

30 feet high ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, covered

with deciduous hair of two sorts, namely, a uniform coat of minute

rusty tomentum with long rusty bristle-like hairs protruding through it.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate,

narrowed below the middle to the rather broad auriculately cordate

base ; upper surface when dry pale brown, shining, glabrous except the

puberulous depressed midrib ; lower surface reddish-brown, transversely

reticulate, with pubescence like that of the young branches on the stout

midrib and 10 to 14 pairs of ascending rather straight main-nerves,

otherwise glabrescent ; length 5 - 5 to 7‘5 in., breadth 1-25 to 2-25 in. ;

petioles - 15 to '2 in. long, hispid. Male and female floivers unknown.

228

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Fruit sessile, globular, from -75 to 1 in. in diam., densely covered with

minute rufous tomentum, crowned by the short remains of the style

and subtended by the small calyx with 5 broad reflexed lobes.

Penang : Curtis 2221.

Collected only in Penang. In leaves this resembles the Bornean plant named by

Hiern Maba } cordata. The 5-eleft calyx of this is suggestive rather of Diospyros than

of Maba.

32. Diospybos kufa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 60 to 80 feet

high ; young branches about half as thick as a goose-quill or thicker,

glabrous, brown and rough when dry. Leaves alternate, thickly coria-

ceous ; oblong- elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, the apex shortly and

bluntly acuminate, the base much narrowed ; upper surface warm

brown when dry, glabrous, very shining ; the lower dull, glabrous or

slightly puberulous towards the base ; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs,

spreading, little curved, interarching near the slightly incurved edges,

slightly prominent on the lower surface and somewhat depressed on the

upper when dry; length 5'5 to 7‘5 in., breadth 1-75 to 2-25 in.; petioles

•4 to ’6 in., stout, channelled. Male and female flowers unknown. Fruit

glohular-ovoid, blunt, l - 25 to 1'5 in. long and about 1 - 15 in. in diam.,

densely rusty-tomentose. Calyx at base flat, 4-angled, '4 in. in diam.,

rusty-tomentose.

Pebak : King’s Collector 3330, 4945, 5409, 6712.

33. Diospybos aeeolata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 60

feet high ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, rusty-puberulous

becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate, very coriaceous ; oblong, sub-

acute, the base rounded ; both surfaces glabrous except the puberulous

midrib and sometimes the main-nerves, hepatic-brown when dry ; the

upper shining, minutely and faintly areolate ; the lower dull and boldly

areolar-reticulate ; midrib bold on the lower surface, slightly depressed

on the upper ; main-nerves about 7 pairs, curved, ascending abruptly,

faint on the lower surface, almost invisible on the upper ; length 4'5 to

6 in.; breadth 1*5 to 1‘75 in.; petioles - 5 or - 6 in. Male floivers (only

buds seen) under '5 in. in length, collected near the ends of the branches in

tomentose cymes "5 to 1 in. long. Calyx coriaceous, on a thick pedicel

shorter than itself, ovoid in bud ; the mouth with triangular short

teeth. Corolla like the calyx, but glabrous and fleshy. Stamens about

21 ; anthers linear, apieulate, nearly uniform, sub-sessile or on short

broad flat filaments, sometimes slightly attached in groups of 3. Female

flower probably solitary, much broader than the $. Calyx velvety

outside and inside, divided nearly to the base into 4 ovate-triangular

very acute lobes '4 in. long. Corolla fleshy, glabrous, - 6 in. long, its

229

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tube wide with staminodes like the anthers of the $ but not so

numerous ; limb about as long as the tube, with 4 deep, broad, sub-

quadrate spreading lobes. Ovary ovoid-conic, densely rusty-pilose.

Stigmas 4, oblong, fleshy, glabrous. Fruit unknown.

PeeAk : Scortechini 476 ; King's Collector 5813.

34. Diospybos Cubtisii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ; young

branches rather thicker than a goose-quill, rugulose and dark-coloured

when dry, glabrous. Leaves alternate, thinly membranous ; oblong or

oblong-elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate, base rounded or slightly

cuneate ; both surfaces glabrous, the upper olivaceous when dry, the

lower brown ; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, slightly curved, ascending, faint

on both surfaces ; the midrib prominent on the lower surface, slightly so

on the upper ; length 2’5 to 5 in., breadth l - 25 to 2 in. ; petioles - 2 in.

Male flowers not seen. Female flowers - 25 in. long, in extra-axillary or

axillary fascicles of about 3 on the younger branches ; pedicels about

■2 in. long, cinerous-pubescent, each with 2 oblong obtuse bracteoles at

its base, about - 5 in. long. Calyx coriaceous, nearly - 2 in. broad at the

base, deeply divided into 4 triangular-reniform glabreseent lobes.

Corolla partially glabrous, about as long as the calyx, salver-shaped;

tube short ; limb divided into 4 deep, broadly ovate, spreading lobes.

Staminodes about 4, linear-lanceolate, compressed. Ovary narrowly

oblong, tapering into the short thick style, densely tawny-tomentose.

Fruit unknown.

Pulau Poongah : Curtis 2942.

35. Diospyeos glomebulata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 40 to

60 feet high ; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, densely

clothed with minute rufous pubescence. Leaves membranous, alternate;

elliptic, shortly and bluntly apiculate, the base rounded or slightly

cuneate ; upper surface olivaceous when dry, glabrous ; the lower

brown, puberulous, midrib bold ; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, slightly

curved, ascending ; length 2-25 to 3 '5 in., breadth l - 25 to l - 75 in. ;

petiole about -1 in. Male flowers -2 in. long, crowded in dense sessile

axillary and extra-axillary globular capitules '4 in. across. Calyx sessile,

campanulate, tomentose, deeply divided into 4 broadly triangular sub-

acute erect lobes. Corolla tubular, tetragonous, thick, about as long as

the calyx ; tube glabrous, the 4 lobes pubescent outside, oblong.

Stamens 8, separate. Anthers broadly lanceolate, apiculate, filaments

short. Female flowers and fruit not known.

Pekak : King’s Collector 8590.

The following description of a Diospyros from Pahang is taken from

Ridley’s account of the Flora of the Eastern Coast of the Malay

Peninsula.

230

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

36. Diospyros caliginosa, Eidley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III.

318 (1893). A graceful lofty tree ; bark black ; branches pubescent.

Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, acute ; 8 in. long, 3 in. broad ; main-

nerves 13 pairs ; glabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath on the

midrib and nerves ; petiole -25 in. long, minutely pubescent. Flowers

on old wood, fascicled ; peduncles short, covered with a black pubescence.

Calyx of S flower patelliform ; sepals 4, broadly ovate, obtuse, covered

without and on the margin with black hair. Corolla urceolate, white,

silky, -5 in. long ; lobes 4, short, ovate, recurved. Stamens 16,

collected in pairs ; filaments thick, minutely hispid ; anthers glabrous,

long-conical with acute tips. Ovary abortive, 4-lobed, irregular, the

lobes furrowed ; style conical. Flowers of ? not seen. Fruit small,

globose, surrounded by the accrescent sepals.

Pahang : in thick woods at Kota Glanggi and Kwala Tembeling,

Bidley.

We are unable, having seen no specimen, to make quite sure of the place of this

species. It seems to come very near to No. 17 D. tristis, King & Gamble.

Order LXXIII. STYBACE7E.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple ; stipules none. Flowers

in simple or branched axillary or terminal racemes or spikes, sometimes

solitary ; usually white, rarely red ; bracts small, often minute or obso-

lete. Calyx gamosepalous, the tube more or less adnate to the ovary,

so that it may be superior or inferior ; limb 4-5-toothed or truncate,

persistent. Corolla of 4 to 5 petals, the tube usually short, sometimes

none; petals imbricate or sometimes valvate or contorted. Stamens

adnate to the petals, equal in number to them or double or very many ;

1-many-seriate ; filaments free or connate; anthers round or linear,

dehiscing laterally. Ovary inferior or superior, 2-5-celled or some-

times, by the separation of the septa, 1-celled ; style filiform, sometimes

thick ; stigma capitate, entire or lobed ; ovules 1 or more, on the inner

angle of each cell, pendulous or erect. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent,

1-, rarely 2-3-seeded. Seeds albuminous, testa thin or coriaceous, hilum

generally broad ; embryo straight or curved, cotyledons terete or flat-

tened; radicle cylindrical or short. — Distrib. Warmer regions of Asia,

Australia, and America, absent from Africa ; genera 7 or 8, species

about 350.

Stamens many, in several series . .

Stamens 10, in one series

. I. Symplocos.

. 2. Stykax.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

231

1. Symplocos, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often turning yellow when dry,

entire or toothed. Floivers white, sometimes red, in axillary simple or

compound spikes or racemes, sometimes in few-flowered fascicles, occa-

sionally reduced to one flower ; bracts small, solitary at the base of the

pedicels ; bracteoles 1 to 3, small, at the base of the flower. Calyx-tube

adnate, short when in flower, campanulate, often enlarged in fruit ; lobes

5, imbricate. Petals 5 in one series, or 6 to 10 in two series, free or

somewhat connate, or sometimes connate in a tube, imbricate. Stamens

adnate to the corolla, at the base of the petals or higher up the tube,

numerous, many-seriate, the outer the longest ; filaments filiform, or

sometimes flattened ; anthers short, dehiscing in longitudinal parallel

cells. Ovary inferior, or semi-superior, 2-5-eelled ; style filiform ;

stigmas capitate, slightly lobed ; ovules 2, pendulous from the inner

angle of each cell. Fruit an oblong, ovoid or sub-globose drupe ; endo-

carp woody or thin, often ridged or ribbed, 1-3-seeded. Seeds usually

1 only (by abortion) ; embryo terete, straight or curved, in the centre

of fleshy albumen ; cotyledons much shorter than the radicle. —

Distrib. Warmer regions of Asia, Australia and America, species

about 290 to 300.

Filaments more or less pentadelphous ; corolla-tube divided

nearly to the base (Subg. I. Hopea) : —

Fruit (where known) more or less ampulliform ; embryo

curved (Sect. i. Paluba) : —

Inflorescence compound, branching at any rate at the

base : —

Branches of the inflorescence paniculately racemose,

drupe nearly -5 in. long .. .. ..1. S. odoratissima.

Branches of the inflorescence racemose : —

Racemes densely ferruginous-tomentose ; pedicels

scarcely -05 in. long, thick .. .. ..2. S.fulvosa.

Racemes ferruginous-villous ; pedicels -2 in. long,

slender ; leaves elliptic, under 4 in. long . . 3 . S. nivea.

Racemes pulverulent; pedicels -2 in. long, slender;

leaves obovate . . . . . . . . 4. S. pulverulenta.

Racemes glabrous or slightly pubescent ; pedicels longer

than -05 in., slender : —

Leaves over 4 in. long and 2 in. broad ; calyx-lobes

glabrous . . . . . . . . 5. S. monticola.

Leaves under 4 in. long and 1-5 in. broad; calyx-

lobes pubescent . . . . . . . . 6. S. fasciculata.

Branches of the inflorescence spicate : —

Leaves beneath and inflorescence glabrous or nearly so ; (7. S. npicata.

endocarp of seed thin . . . . . . i var. malasica.

Leaves beneath and inflorescence ferruginous- villous ;

endocarp of seed hard, bony . . . . . . 8. S. ferniginea.

232

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Inflorescence simple, racemose ; racemes very short, almost

reduced to fascicles . . . . . . . . 9. S. Eidleyi.

Fruit (where known) ovoid-oblong, not ampulliform ; embryo

straight (Sect. ii. Lodhka) : — .

Inflorescence paniculate, branching usually from the base

only : —

Branches of the inflorescence racemose, more than -5 in.

long : —

Leaves glabrous or nearly so ; fruit glabrous : —

Leaf-margins prominently broad-crenate, apex

shortly and bluntly acuminate .. ..10. S. celastrifolia.

Leaf-margins obscurely crenate or entire : —

Leaf-margins prominently glandular, texture

almost coriaceous .. .. .. 11 . S. adenophylla.

Leaf -margins not glandular, texture chartaceous. . 12. S. perakensis.

Leaves very hairy ; fruit villous . . . . 13. S. Brandiana.

Branches of the inflorescence racemose, under -5 in. long ;

leaf -margins entire or nearly so . . . . . . 14. S. concolor.

Inflorescence unbranched : —

Inflorescence racemose : —

Bacemes 2 to 3 in. long, slender, few-flowered . . 15. S. calycodactylos.

Bacemes very short : —

Leaves coriaceous, acute or rounded or emarginate

at apex ; fruit ovoid-oblong, under *5 in. long . . 16. S. opliivensis.

Leaves chartaceous, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate

at base; fruit cylindric-oblong, over -5 in. long . . 17. S. Curtisii.

Leaves chartaceous ; fruit not known : —

Leaves 6 to 7 in. long, abruptly acuminate at

apex, usually sub-cordate at base, quite glabrous . . 18. S. crassipes.

Leaves 4 to 7 in. long, long acuminate at apex,

rounded at base, ferruginous-pilose beneath . . 19. S. penangiana.

Inflorescence spicate : —

Drupes large, over 1 in. in length ; endocarp with 8

prominent sharp ridges ; leaves nearly glabrous : —

Leaves usually under 6 in. long and 2 in. broad ;

young inflorescence without prominent bracts .. 20. S. cerasifolia.

Leaves usually over 6 in. long and 2 in. broad ; young

inflorescence prominently bracteate so as to appear

strobilate . . . . . . . . 21. S. rigida.

Drupes small, under -5 in. long ; endocarp with faint

ridges only ; leaves rusty-pubescent beneath ; young

inflorescence strobilate . . . . . . 22. 8. rubiginosu.

Filaments connate in a staminal tube ; corolla-tube elongate

(Subg. II. Coedyloblaste) : —

Corolla-tube scarcely -3 in. long . . . . . . 23. S. confusa.

Corolla-tube about 1 in. long : —

Inflorescence densely rusty-tomentose ; leaves pubescent

beneath . . . . . . . . . . 24. S'. Maingayi.

Inflorescence slightly grey-pubescent ; leaves glabrous . . 25. S. Scortechinii.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

233

Subgenus I. — Hopea.

1. Symplocos odoratissima, Choisy ex Zoll. Syst. Verz. 136 (1854).

A tree with spreading branches reaching 60 to 70 feet in height and

18 to 24 in. in diam. of stem ; branches grey, stout ; branchlets dark

greyish-brown, angled, striate, minutely puberulous ; leaf-buds acumi-

nate, ‘15 in. long. Leaves thinly coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-obovate

or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate or slightly

rounded at base ; glabrous on both surfaces ; margin entire or serrate,

blackish-brown when dry ; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib

slender, prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 8 to 10

pairs, arching upwards to and along the margin where they meet in an

intramarginal looped nerve near it ; reticulations transverse, not pro-

minent; petiole - 4 to '6 in. long, flattened above. Inflorescence of

grey-pubescent panicles, 1-5 to 2 in. long, axillary to the upper leaves,

longer in fruit and stouter ; branches paniculately racemose ; bracts very

small, deciduous ; bracteoles 2, below the calyx-tube, ovate-acute*

reflexed, -05 in. long ; pedicels '15 in. long. Calyx-tube -05 in. long,

pubescent ; lobes 5, as long as tube, rounded. Corolla-tube very short ;

lobes ovate-obtuse, -15 in. long, pubescent on back, ciliate, white.

Stamens in 5 bundles opposite corolla-lobes, very many, 80 to 100 in

all ; filaments slender ; anthers rounded. Ovary villous ; style thick,

•075 in. long, stigma lobed ; cells 3, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit an

ampulliform drupe, -4 to '5 in. long, -25 in. broad, lower part rounded,

upper cylindrical, crowned by the calyx-rim and connivent lobes, the

calyx-rim -075 in. broad ; exocarp corky, rusty-brown, slightly pubescent ;

endocarp hard. Seeds 1 to 3, usually 1 only perfect ; testa membranous,

albumen fleshy; embryo slightly curved, '15 in. long, radicle long.

Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 468; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 148; Brand

Monog. Sympl. 35. Dicalyx odoratissimus, Blume Bijdr. 1116,

Perak : King’s Collector 10030, 10411, 10777. Singapore : Ridley

4428 (this latter specimen has leaves up to 8 in. long and 3‘5 in.

broad). — Distrib. Sumatra ( Beccari 834), Java, Borneo ( Beccari

4014).

This is var. divaricata, Brand, which seems to us hardly separable, unless by the

leaves being almost entire. In the Java and Sumatra specimens of G. odoratissima

the leaves are markedly serrate.

2. Symplocos fulvosa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A very large tree,

reaching 150 feet in height (Scortechini) ; branchlets dark-brown, young

ones and innovations densely terruginous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceo-

coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly long blunt-acuminate at apex the acumen

often curved, cuneate or attenuate at base ; glabrous and shining above,

234 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous and dull beneath, ferruginous-brown when dry ; margins

faintly crenate-serrate, with a row of glands, slightly recurved ; 3 to

4-5 in. long, 1-25 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender, slightly impressed

above ; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair close to the margin,

the rest gradually more distant upwards, curved upwards to and along

the margin where they meet in a looped intramarginal nerve ; reticu-

lations many, forming an elegant network; petiole - 75 in. long.

Inflorescence of tripartite sessile panicles of racemes, the racemes

1 to 2 in. long, densely ferruginous-tomentose ; bracts and bracteoles

minute, hidden in the tomentum ; pedicels thick, -05 in. long ; flowers

white, then yellowish. Calyx-tube short ; lobes very short, rounded,

densely tomentose without. Corolla-tube short ; lobes ovate-oblong,

glabrous, -15 in. long, 3-5-nerved. Stamens many, obscurely separated

in bundles ; filaments slender ; anthers very small rounded. Ovary

and disk glabrous, style glabrous, -075 in. long, stigma capitate ;

cells 3. Fruit unknown.

Pebak : Scortechini 563, 567.

3. Symplocos nivea, Brand Monog. Sympl. 36 (1901). A tree,

reaching 50 to 60 feet in height ; branchlets slender, rounded, dark

brown, glabrous ; leaf-buds ovate-acuminate, tawny-pubescent. Leaves

chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate at

apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous and shining above, glabrous and pale

beneath, dark olive-brown when dry ; margins obscurely undulate-

crenate, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1-75 in. broad; midrib slender,

impressed above ; main-nerves 5 to 6 pairs, irregularly spaced and

often branched, at first straight then curved upwards to and along

the margin where they anastomose in a looped intramarginal nerve ;

reticulations obscure ; petiole slender, -3 to -4 in. long. Inflorescence

an axillary panicle of villous racemes 2 to 3 in. long, the racemes

12-15-flowered; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, villous, quickly

caducous; pedicels slender, -2 in. long. Calyx-tube adnate to the

ovary; lobes 5, oblong-obtuse, -1 in. long, glabrous, persistent. Corolla

pure white ; lobes twice as long as those of the calyx. Stamens

about 60, as long as the corolla. Ovary glabrous, 1-celled, ovules appa-

rently 2 ; style slender from a conical villous base. Fruit unknown.

Penang: at Pulau Boetong, Government Hill and Muka Head,

Curtis 715.

4. Symplocos pulvebulenta, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ;

ultimate branchlets and inflorescence grey- or golden-pulverulent-scaly ;

leaf-buds lanceolate-acuminate. Leaves membranous ; obovate, abruptly

short acuminate at apex, cuneate often unequally at base ; glabrous on

both surfaces except on the nerves, olive-green when dry; margins

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

235

entire ; 5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed

above; main-nerves 8 to 9 pairs, curving upwards to and along the

margin ; reticulations transverse, prominent and slightly raised above ;

petiole - 7 to -8 in. long, smooth, pulverulent-pubescent. Inflorescence of

axillary panicles of racemes about 2 in. long ; main rachis '7 in. long ;

branches sub-opposite, about 2 pairs, '5 to 1 in. long ; bracts short,

ovate, caducous ; bracteoles 2, ovate-acute, under the calyx-tube ;

pedicels slender, -15 to 2 in. long; flowers yellow, buds globose.

Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, '06 in. long ; lobes 5, short, rounded.

Corolla-tube short ; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, pulverulent-pubescent.

Stamens very numerous, probably 200 at least, in 5 bundles opposite

the corolla-lobes ; filaments slender ; anthers very small, rounded.

Ovary and disk pubescent ; style stout, stigma capitate ; cells 2, ovules

several. Fruit not known.

Singapore : at Chanchukam, Ridley 4786.

5. Symplocos monticola, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small

tree reaching 20 feet in height and 3 in. in diam. of stem ; branchlets

somewhat slender, pale brown, sinuous ; leaf-buds small, acuminate.

Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex,

cuneate or somewhat rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces,

greenish-brown when dry ; margins serrate except near the base, slightly

recurved ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, pale, im-

pressed above ; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, close near the base, gradually

more distant, curved upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves few, reticulations transverse; petiole '25 in. long,

channelled above. Inflorescence a fascicle of racemes either from the

axils of leaves a little below the last, or from the new wood below

them ; racemes -5 to 1-5 in. long, 6-8-flowered, all parts nearly glabrous ;

bracts ovate, very minute ; pedicels 0 to - 1 in. long ; bracteoles 2, ovate,

acute, ciliate, -05 in. long, at the base of the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube

short ; lobes as long (-1 in.), thin, glabrous, round. Corolla-tube very

short; lobes 5, thin, oblong, obtuse, -2 in. long, 3-nerved. Stamens

many, more than 80, in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes ; filaments

slender ; anthers rounded. Ovary and disk glabrous or slightly pubes

cent ; style short, -1 in. long ; stigma capitate ; cells 3. Fruit not known.

Perak : Scortechini 533 ; King’s Collector 3804, 6927, in dense

jungle on the summits of mountains at 4,000 to 4,600 feet.

6. Symplocos fasciculata, Zoll. Syst. Verz. 136 (1854). A tree with

spreading branches reaching 40 to 50 feet in height and 10 to 15 in.

in diam. of stem ; branchlets pale greyish-brown, slender, innovations

greyish-pubescent. Leaves thinly chartaceous or membranous ; oblong-

lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, the acumen curved and mucro-

236

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nate, rounded or obtusely rhomboid at base; glabrous and shining

above, glabrous beneath except on the midrib, yellowish when dry;

margins entire or obscurely and distantly serrate, slightly recurved;

2 to 4 in. long, -7 to l - 5 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed

above, minutely pilose beneath ; main-nerves about 5 to 7 pairs,

indistinct, curved upwards and meeting in an intramarginal looped

nerve rather distant from the margin ; secondary nerves and reticula-

tions slender, obscure ; petiole -2 in. long, bordered above by the

deeurrent margin of the blade and minutely pilose. Inflorescence

a short fascicle of axillary cymes or racemes -5 to -7 in. long,

ashy-pubescent ; bracts very minute ; pedicels slender, -15 in. long ;

bracteoles 3, minute, ovate, acute, ciliate. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded,

obtuse, '05 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla-lobes oblong, obtuse,

■1 to ‘15 in. long, glabrous, 5-nerved ; tube very short or almost none.

Stamens in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, about 20 to 25 or some-

times more; filaments slender, outer ones exsert; anthers minute,

rounded, emarginate. Ovary depressed at top, disk glabrous, cells 3 ;

style slender, -075 in. long, ending in a flattened 3-lobed stigma. Fruit an

ampulliform drupe, ovoid below for ‘2 in. in length, -15 in. in diam.,

glabrous, 5-6-ribbed, tipped by a cylindric beak -05 in. long and by the

persistent calyx-lobes ; exocarp thin, endocarp hard, furrowed, furnished

within with 3 to 6 strong ribs, enclosing a much-lobed seed ; testa

thin ; albumen fleshy ; embryo very slightly curved, -15 in. long. Miq.

El. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 467 ; Clarke in Hook. f. El. Br. Ind. III. 574 ;

Koord. & Yal. Bijdr. 7. 150 ; Brand Monog. Sympl. 34. Dicalyx

tinctorius, Bl. Bijdr. 1116.

Penang : Curtis 3171. Perak : Wray 1865, 2418, 2466, 2739, 3561 ;

Scortechini 128, 1527 ; King's Collector 1042, 2021, 3003, 4739, 5175,

5337, 10525. Selangor: Bidley 8209. Malacca: Maingay (K.D.)

958 ; Griffith (K.D.) 3665 ; Holmberg 867. Johore : G. King. Singa-

pore : Murton 143 ; Bidley 3626a, 8209. — Distrib. Sumatra ( Forbes

2355, 2358, 2563, 2812); Java ( Forbes 218); Borneo (Beccari 2380;

Haviland 1024, 1545).

After a great deal of trouble the seed with albumen and embryo were separated.

The walls of the shell of the fruit are furnished inside with projecting ribs, so that the

seed resembles that of a small walnut and the embryo is slightly curved, long and narrow,

and might be called straight. Koorders & Valeton’s description is thus confirmed.

7. Symplocos spicata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 40 (1814), and FI. Ind. II.

541 ; Wall. Cat. 4417 ; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 254 ; Wight 111. 1. 150 ; Miq. FI.

Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 465 ; Bedd. FI. Sylv. Madr. cxlix; Brandis For. FI.

300 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 239 and For. FI. II. 146 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 573 ; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 104 ;

237

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cooke PI. Bomb. II. 108 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 144. S. polycarpa.

Wall, Cat. 4423 ; DC. l.c. 255 ; Kurz ll.c. S. Loha, Don Prod. 144 ;

DC. l.o. 255. S. racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4418 [in part, not of Eoxb).

Var. malasica, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 573. A small

tree with spreading branches, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 1 foot

in diam. of stem ; branchlets dark grey-brown, smooth, innovations

glabrous ; buds lanceolate acuminate. Leaves coriaceo-chartaceous,

alternate ; elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex,

cuneate at base ; entire or serrate, glabrous on both surfaces, turning

yellow when dry ; margin distantly and slightly denticulate, glandu-

lar ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 2'5 in. broad ; midrib thick, impressed

above ; main-nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curved upwards and

branching towards the margin ; secondary nerves few ; reticulations

prominent on the under surface ; petiole -4 to -7 in. long, channelled

above. Inflorescence an axillary panicle of spikes, the branches

mostly near the base ; spikes 1'5 to 4 in. long, glabrous or slightly

pubescent ; bracts very small, deciduous ; bracteoles under each flower

3, ovate, acute or obtuse, ciliate, - 05 in. long. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded,

imbricate, glabrous, tube as long as lobes, the latter -05 in. long.

Corolla 5-lobed, white or yellowish ; tube very short ; lobes ovate-

orbicular, -1 to -15 in. long. Stamens indefinite, about 40, the outer

ones longer than the petals, inserted on the corolla-tube ; filaments

slender ; anthers short, rounded. Ovary inferior, 3-celled ; ovules 3

to 4 in each cell ; style thick, - 1 in. long, stigma capitate. Fruit a

globose drupe -15 to • 2 in. long, surmounted by a rim formed by the

short calyx-lobes, smooth, olive-coloured, exocarp and endocarp thin,

ribbed. Seed 1, testa thin, albumen rather scanty ; embryo curved.

Perak : Wray 2798 ; Scortechini ; King’s Collector 6299, 6903.

Malacca : Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 957 ; Derry 506.

Var. acuminata, Brand Monog. Sympl. 40. Leaves long acuminate,

blunt at the tip, serrulate, 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; main-

nerves 7 to 8 pairs, all nerves and reticulations, except the impressed

midrib, prominent on the upper surface in young leaves. Floivers

sometimes pedicellate. Fruit somewhat urceolate, ribbed. Symplocos

acuminata, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 467. Dicalyx acuminatus, Bl.

Bijdr. 1119.

Perak : Scortechini 1556. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra ( Forbes

3208).

Var. attenuata, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 573. Leaves

long acuminate at apex, long attenuate at base, 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to

1-25 in. broad ; margins serrate. Spicate branches of the inflorescence

slender, usually short. Fruit small, often only -1 to -15 in. in diam.

238 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

S. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 4426 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 256 ; Brand Monog.

Sympl. 39.

Kedah : King’s Collector 1764.— Disteib. Assam, Burma.

8. Symplocos febeuginea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 (1814), PI. Ind. II.

542. A tree with spreading branches reaching 50 to 60 feet in height

and 1 foot in diam. of stem ; branchlets stout, dark brown, smooth, inno-

vations densely ferruginous-villous. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or

elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous and

shining above, ferruginous-villous especially on the nerves beneath,

turning yellow when dry; margins serrulate, denticulate or almost

entire, recurved; 5 to 8 in. long, 1'5 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, very

prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, pro-

minent beneath, parallel at first and straight for some distance then

arching near the margin ; secondary nerves few ; reticulations obliquely

transverse, not prominent ; petiole '3 to -5 in. long, densely rusty-villous,

thick. Inflorescence an axillary panicle of spikes, 2 to 6 in. long,

the spikes and panicle short in bud, longer in flower, much elongated in

fruit, the branches of the panicle mostly near the base, densely ferru-

ginous-villous ; bracts very small, ovate-acute, villous ; bracteoles under

each flower 3, the central one -12 in. long, ovate-acuminate, the two outer

shorter, ovate-acute, the three together as long as the calyx. Calyx

5-lobed ; lobes ovate-obtuse, -1 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla

5-lobed, white, rotate; tube '05 in. long; lobes -1 in. long, oblong-obtuse,

3 -nerved. Stamens indefinite, 40 to 70, in 5 fascicles inserted on the

corolla-tube ; filaments slender, gradually increasing in length from the

inside outwards, the outer ones a little longer than the petals ; anthers

rounded, short. Ovary depressed, disk glabrous ; cells 3 ; style thick,

•1 to -2 in. long, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules several in each cell. Fruit a

globose or ampulliform drupe, faintly ribbed, -15 to -2 in. long, sur-

mounted by the persistent calyx with enlarged connivent teeth ;

exoearp thin ; endocarp very hard, bony, about 12-14-ribbed, globose

below, cylindric and very short above. Seed 1, testa thin, albumen

rather scanty; embryo curved, -1 to -15 in. long. Wall. Cat. 4412 ; A.

DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 466; Clarke in Hook,

f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 574 (var. exc.) ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 141 ; Brand

Monog. Sympl. 40. S. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4433; G. Don Gen. Syst. IV.

3. S. Verhuellii, Jungh. & de Vriese PI. Nov. Ind. Or. 12 ; Miq. l.c.

467. S. javanica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 239

(syn. S. rubiginosa exc.) and For. PI. II. 145. S. lachnobotrya, and

S. Horsfieldiana, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 475. Dicalyx javanicus,

Blume Bijdr. 1117.

Penang : Wallich 4433 ; Phillips ; Curtis 206 ; King’s Collector

239

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1353. Perak : Wray 3387; Scortechini 900; King's Collector 925,

4376, 4395, 4683, 5235, 6219, 7091, 8646, 11019. Pahang : Ridley in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 318. Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 956.—

Distrib. Assam, Burma, Java ( Forbes 682, 798, 861, 1203), Sumatra

( Forbes 2614, 2691, 3150 ; Beccari 842), the Moluccas, the Philippines,

and S. China.

The leaves in this species are very variable ; for instance, those of King’s Collector

Nos. 4395, 4683 have oblong-lanceolate leaves 6 to 8 in. long and about 2 in. broad,

with more distant nerves, and are nearly glabrous beneath ; but some of the leaves

approach very nearly to those of other specimens, and we cannot therefore separate

it as a variety. The marked elongation of the fruiting inflorescence is another

source of difficulty in superficial identification.

9. Symplocos Ridleyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A medium-sized

tree ; branchlets glabrous, angled, striate ; leaf-buds acuminate, glabrous.

Leaves coriaceous ; ovate or oblong, acuminate at apex, attenuate at

base ; glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, greenish-yellow when dry;

margins entire or remotely and faintly denticulate, recurved ; 3 to 4 in.

long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised above ; main-nerves 8

to 9 pairs, raised on both surfaces, straight, meeting in a looped intra-

marginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations prominent, raised

above ; petiole -3 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of sessile or

very short few-flowered axillary racemes, as long as the petiole ; raebis

silky-pubescent ; bracts and bracteoles orbicular, ciliate, pubescent ;

pedicels none or very short. Calyx-lobes orbicular, thin, ciliate, T in.

broad, concave ; tube very short. Corolla-tube very short, lobes ovate,

•12 to T5 in. long, 3-5-nerved, white. Stamens about 50, in bundles

opposite the corolla-lobes ; filaments slender, the outer ones a little

longer than the corolla-lobes ; anthers rounded. Ovary villous, 3-eelled,

ovules 2 in each cell; disk glabrous; style thick, -1 in. long, stigma

capitate, lobed. Fruit not known.

Singapore : Ridley 5684.

A species very closely allied to S. phyllocalyx, Clarke, of N. India and China, and

to S.japonica, A. DC. of Japan.

10. Symplocos celastrifolia, Griff. MS.; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 575 (1882). A tree (?) ; branchlets smooth, slender,

glabrous. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and

bluntly acuminate at apex, euneate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces,

greenish-brown above, yellowish beneath when dry ; margins crenate,

slightly recurved; 2-5 to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2-25 in. broad; midrib

slender, impressed abovd ; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, irregular, not pro-

minent, at first straight, then curving upwards and branching to meet

240

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

near the margin in an intramarginal network ; reticulations obscure ;

petiole -2 to "3 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the

blade. Inflorescence a few- and basally-branched pubescent panicle of

long slender racemes, 2'5 to 3 in. long ; racemes 12-16-flowered ;

pedicels '1 in. long; bracteoles 2, lanceolate, - 05 in. long, ciliate,

pubescent. Calyx- tube -05 in. long ; lobes 5, oblong, obtuse, ‘075 in.

long. Corolla white, sweet-scented; tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong,

•2 in. long. Stamens in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, 40 to 70,

the outermost the longest and equal to the corolla-lobes. Ovary

depressed, disk glabrous ; cells 3 ; style -125 in. long, stigma capitate.

Fruit an ovoid-ellipsoid drupe, -25 in. long, smooth, tipped with the rim

and erect teeth of the persistent calyx. Seeds 1 to 3, testa membranous;

embryo slender, straight, -1 in. long. Brand Monog. Sympl. 48.

Penang : Curtis 3459. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3651. — Distrib.

Borneo ( Teysmann , Motley, Beccari 2374, Haviland 509b, 1642, 3706).

11. Symplocos adenophylla, Wall. Cat. 4427 (1829). A tree reach-

ing 50 to 60 feet in height, stem 15 to 20 in. in diam. ; branchlets dark

brown, smooth, upper parts and innovations dark rusty-glandular-

pubescent. Leaves ebartaceo-coriaceous; narrowly lanceolate to elliptic-

lanceolate and elliptic ; obtusely long caudate-acuminate at apex,

cuneate or attenuate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, shining or not,

olive-brown or dark reddish-brown when dry ; margins crenate or sub-

entire, the crenatures with large glands, sometimes recurved ; 3 to 5 in.

long, -7 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed above ; main-nerves

5 to 8 pairs, distant, arching upwards to join in a looped intramarginal

nerve at about two-thirds of the distance to the margin ; secondary

nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole -3 to -5 in. long, often bent.

Inflorescence a 3- and basally-branched axillary panicle of racemes,

glandular-rusty-pubescent, 1 to 2 in. long, racemes about 12-flowered ;

bracts ovate-acute, caducous ; pedicels -05 to - 1 in. long ; bracteoles

minute, thin, obtuse. Calyx-tube glabrous or minutely pubescent, -05

in. long ; its teeth very minute, triangular or rounded, rusty -pubescent.

Corolla yellowish- white, tube short; lobes oblong, rounded, about

•15 in. long, incurved at tip. Stamens 40 to 50, in 5 bundles opposite

the corolla-lobes, outer ones as long as those lobes ; filaments slender ;

anthers small, rounded. Ovary depressed, disk glabrous, cells 3 ; style

slender, -1 in. long ; stigma capitate. Fruit an oblong-cylindrical or

ellipsoid drupe -3 to - 35 in. long and half as broad, smooth, pale

yellowish-brown, crowned with the minute, inconspicuous, much-

incurved, persistent calyx-teeth ; exocarp smooth, thin ; endocarp

bony, ribbed. Seed 1 ; embryo straight, pendulous. G. Don Gen.

Syst. IV. 3 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 466 ;

241

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Clarke in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 575 ; Brand Monog. Sympl. 48 ;

Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soe. 2nd Ser. IV. 204. S. iteophylla, Miq. PI.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 476 ; Brand l.c. S. bancana, Miq. l.c.

Kedah: Ridley 5533. Penang: Wallich 4427a; Maingay (K.D.)

959“ Curtis 402, 445. Pebak: Wray 1119, 3842, 3925, 4123; Scor-

techini 490 ; King's Collector 1269, 2606, 6873. Selangor: Ridley 7553,

8549. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3649. Singapore : Wallich 4427b ;

G. Thomson; Hullett 828; Walker 255; Ridley 3635a, 3809. — Distrib.

Sumatra ( Beccari 147) ; Bangka ( Horsfield 39) ; Borneo ( Beccari 2115,

Lobb, Haviland 1187).

A variable species as regards the leaves and the length of the inflorescence ; the

prominent glands on the margins of the leaves are a noticeable character.

12. Symplocos perakensis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree with

spreading branches reaching 50 to 60 feet in height ; stem 15 to 20 in.

in diam ; branchlets dark brown, very slender. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous on

both surfaces, green when dry ; margins entire, recurved ; 2 to 3-5 in.

long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,

the two lowest near the margin and produced upwards along it, the

others curved upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve, which

is rather prominent ; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ;

petiole '2 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence a sessile 3-branched

panicle of racemes axillary to the upper leaves or on the branchlets

below them, 1 to 2 in. long or less ; panicle branches and racemes very

slender, the latter about 8-10-flowered ; rachis grey-pubescent ; 1 bract

and 2 bracteoles, ovate-acute, scarcely '05 in. long, persistent; pedicels

about -05 in. long. Calyx-tube short ; lobes 5, rounded, grey-pubescent,

ciliate, ’05 in. long, as long as tube. Corolla-tube short ; lobes oblong,

white, T25 in. long. Stamens about 40, in 5 bundles opposite the

corolla-lobes ; filaments slender, exsert ; anthers rounded, minute.

Ovary villous; cells 3; style rather thick, villous, T in. long, stigma

small. Fruit a cylindrical glabrous drupe, -4 to -5 in. long, -25 in.

in diam., the top rusty-hirsute and crowned by the persistent rusty-

hirsute calyx-lobes, the calyx-rim T in. broad ; exocarp fleshy, endo-

carp hard, bony. Seeds 3, testa rather thick, embryo straight.

Perak : Scortccliini 646 ; Wray 2593, 2944 ; King’s Collector 4446,

4570, 4586, 7863, 10163, 10501, 10515, 10801, 10985. Selangor:

Ridley 10223.

This species is very near to S. adenophylla, but the leaves are' entire, much thinner

and smaller, and not glandular, and the inflorescence is more compound, more slender,

grey- and not rusty-pubescent, and has rounded calyx-lobes.

242

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

13. Symplocos Beandiana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree

reaching 15 to 25 feet in height ; stem 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; branchlets round,

densely covered with soft ferruginous tomentum and long stiff hispid

hairs ; innovations densely ferruginous-silky-tomentose. Leaves mem-

branous; ovate-oblong, long acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at

base ; pilose on both surfaces, at length glabrescent above, paler beneath,

olive-brown when dry ; margin entire, recurved, thickly villous ; 3 to

6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender, prominent beneath ; main-

nerves about 8 pairs, much curving upwards to join as a looped intra-

marginal nerve, raised beneath ; reticulations obscure ; petiole scarcely

•1 in. long. Inflorescence of axillary few-flowered racemes or panicles

up to 1-5 in. long, lax-flowered ; raehis slender, thickly ferruginous-

villous, as are the bracts and calyx ; bracts leaf-like, cuspidate-

acuminate, '2 to '4 in. long ; bracteoles 2, similar but smaller ; pedicels

•1 in. long ; flowers white. Calyx-tube very short ; lobes linear-

lanceolate, -1 to - 2 in. long. Corolla-tube very short ; lobes elliptic-

obtuse, glabrous, 3-nerved, -15 in. long. Stamens 60 to 70 or even

more, in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes ; filaments slender ;

anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous, style slender, stigma

capitate. Fruit oblong-cylindrical, light blue, constricted above the

middle, villous, -8 in. long, -3 in. broad ; exocarp fleshy, endocarp

crustaceous ; cells 3, the lower one bearing 1 seed ; albumen fleshy ;

embryo slightly curved.

Perak : Curtis 2030 ; Scortechini 346, 349 on Maxwell’s Hill,

3,000 feet; Wray 677 at Waterfall Hill, Larut; King's Collector 1887,

in dense jungle on rocky creeks.

We have named this handsome species in honour of the author of the most recent

monograph of the genus.

14. Symplocos concolor, Brand Monog. Sympl. 65 (1901). A tree,

reaching 30 to 40 feet in height; branchlets dark brown, innovations

tawny-pubescent. Leaves thinly coriaceous ; oblong or oblong-obovate,

abruptly acuminate at apex, the acumen mucronate, attenuate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces, shining above ; margins entire or obscurely

dentate ; 3 to 4 in. long, 1-1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, slightly raised

above ; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, rather obscure, arching upwards to

anastomose near the margin; reticulations prominent; petiole about -1 in.

long. Inflorescence of sessile or very shortly peduncled, 3-branehed

panicles up to -5 in. long, all golden-pubescent, about 10-12-flowered ;

bracts ovate-acute, small ; bracteoles smaller, 2 to each pedicel ; pedicels

slender, about -1 in. long. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, -05 in. long;

lobes 5, rounded, short. Corolla-tube very short; lobes oblong, -1 in.

243

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long. Stamens about 60, scarcely exsert. Ovary and disk silky-

pubescent ; style slender, stigma capitate, 3-4-lobed. Fruit an oblong

glabrous drupe, -3 in. long, -15 to -2 in. broad, surmounted by tlie

slightly depressed disk which is shortly overtopped by the calyx-lobes.

Penang : on Penam Bukit at 2,000 feet, Curtis 1039.

15. Symplocos calycodactylos, Brand Monog. Sympl. 63 (1901). A

tree (?) ; branchlets villous with long tawny spreading bristles, innova-

tions densely villous. Leaves membranous; oblong-lanceolate, long-

acuminate at apex, rounded at base, sometimes almost cordate ; both

surfaces covered sparsely with tawny bristles, especially on and along

the nerves beneath ; margins distantly long glandular denticulate ;

4 to 5-5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed above ;

main-nerves about 8 pairs, curving slightly upwards at an angle of

about 30° with the midrib to anastomose near the margin ; reticulations

prominent, primary ones transverse parallel ; petiole stout, villous, - 15

to -2 in. long. Inflorescence a slender, axillary, tawny-villous raceme,

2 to 3 in. long, with about 4 to 5 flowers ; bracts lanceolate-acuminate,

•25 in. long, caducous ; pedicels -5 in., very slender, ending in a dense

tuft of tawny bristles beneath the calyx. Calyx-tube short; lobes 5,

linear oblong, densely tawny-bristly without, glabrous within, -25 in.

long. Corolla-tuba short ; lobes 5, obovate, glabrous, as long as calyx-

lobes or slightly longer. Stamens about 80, 5-adelplious, filaments

flattened; anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous; style

slender, -1 in. long; stigma small, capitate. Fruit unknown.

Peeak : at Waterloo, 3,000 feet, Curtis 1330.

16. Symplocos ophibensis, Clarke in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 479

(1882). A bush (Wray), or more probably a small tree; branches terete,

nearly black, glabrous ; innovations appressed-tawny-pubescent ; buds

ovate-acuminate, silky, -1 in. long. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-

lanceolate, acute or rounded or sometimes emarginate at apex, cuneate or

rounded at base ; glabrous and usually shining above, sparsely pubescent

beneath when young, afterwards glabrous, reddish-brown when dry ;

margins entire or very obscurely denticulate, recurved ; 2 to 4 in.

long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib stout, impressed above ; main-nerves

8 to 10 pairs, raised on both surfaces, straight at first, then curving

upwards and joining in an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary

nerves many, similar, reticulations prominent ; petiole stout, -1 to -2 in.

long. Inflorescence of very short racemes, from the axils of the upper

leaves or from the new wood below them ; racemes *3 to 4 in. long,

silky-pubescent, 5-7-flowered; bracts and bracteoles very small, ovate,

acute ; pedicels 0 to -1 in. long. Calyx-lobes 5, silky-pubescent, ovate-

acute, ciliate, - 6 in. long ; tube - 1 in. long. Corolla-tube short , lobes

244 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

white, oblong-obtuse, - 2 in. long, 5-nerved. Stamens in bundles of 6 to

12 each opposite the corolla-lobes, 30 to 60 in all ; filaments slender,

outer as long as petals ; anthers rounded, very small. Ovary and disk

nearly glabrous at top ; style slender, -15 to "2 in. long, stigma capitate ;

cells 3, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid-cylindric, blueish-purple

when ripe, - 3 to - 4 in. long, - 2 in. broad, surmounted by calyx-rim with

patent lobes, nearly as wide as the top of the fruit ; exocarp crustaceous ;

endocarp very hard, bony, obscurely ribbed and irregularly indented.

Seed 1, testa membranous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight. Brand

Monog. Sympl. 58. Symplocos No. 42, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook f

& Th.

Perak: on Gunong Bubu, 5,000 feet, Wray 3919; Soortechini.

Malacca : on Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3650 ; Bidley 10083 ; Derry

623 ; Lohh.

The specimens of Wray and Scortechini have the leaves rounded at both ends, but

there seems no reason to keep them as a separate variety from the specimens from

Mount Ophir which are acute at apex and cuneate at base.

17. Symplocos Cdrtisii, Oliv. in Hook. Icon. t. 1757 (1888). A

shrub or small tree, reaching 10 to 15 feet in height ; branchlets slender,

pale brown, glabrous ; leaf-buds small, acuminate, pubescent. Leaves

chartaceous ; elliptic, abr-uptly long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces, pale greenish-brown when dry; margins

obscurely denticulate, slightly recurved; 4 to 9 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in.

broad, midrib slender, raised beneath, impressed above; main-nerves

5 to 7 pairs, the lowest pair very near the margin, the rest gradually

more and more distant, all curving upwards to and along the margin,

v liei e they form an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves very

few or none ; reticulations transverse, fairly prominent, rather distant ;

petiole 2 to 4 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of short (up to

■4 in. long) racemes axillary to the upper leaves or on the young wood

below them ; racemes about 5-flowered ; bract ovate-acute, -1 in. long,

keeled, villous ; bracteoles 2, similar but smaller ; pedicels stout, about

05 in. long. Calyx-tube about - 1 in. long ; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, as

long as tube, all minutely pubescent without. Corolla-tube very short,

lobes elliptic-oblong, -2 in. long, 5-nerved, white. Stamens many, 60 or

more ; filaments slender, longer than corolla-lobes ; anthers rounded,

minute ; staminal bundles only noticeable in bud. Ovary villous, disk

glabrous ; style slender, -2 in. long, stigma capitate ; cells 3, ovules 2 in

each cell. Fruit a cylindric oblong berry, bright blue when ripe, -5 to

•8 m. long, somewhat constricted at about one-third distance from the

top ; the top surmounted by the calyx-rim and connivent teeth ; exocarp

245

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

crustaceous, endocarp woody ; cells 1 to 3. Seed usually 1, testa mem-

branous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight. Brand Monog. Sympl. 69.

Penang : Curtis 1099. Perak : Wray 692, 2830 ; Scortechini 328,

646, 1423 ; King’s Collector 2084, 2099, 2406, 8431.

18. Symplocos crassipes, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 580

(1882). A tree (?) ; branchlets stout, smooth, grey. Leaves stoutly

chartaeeous ; large, elliptic-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate at apex, sub-

cordate or obtusely rhomboid at base ; glabrous on both surfaces ; margins

sub-entire, slightly recurved ; 6 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib

prominent, thick ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular and at irregular

angles, usually only slightly curved upwards to meet in a looped intra-

marginal nerve "25 in. from margin ; secondary nerves and few trans-

verse reticulations prominent ; petiole very stout, '15 to '2 in. long.

j Racemes axillary, 4-flowered ; pedicels very small, "1 in. long at most ;

bracts ovate-acute, like the rachis and calyx densely ferruginous-

pubescent. Calyx-tube very short ; lobes ovate, - 075 in. long. Corolla-

tube short ; lobes *1 to ‘15 in. long, oblong-obtuse. Stamens about

30, slightly exsert. Ovary 3-celled ; disk fulvous-pilose. Fruit not

known. Brand Monog. Sympl. 52.

Malacca : on Mount Ophir, Maingay (K.D.) 960.

19. Symplocos penangiana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (?) ;

branchlets rounded, upper ones and innovations densely dark ferru-

ginous-hirsute. Leaves chartaeeous ; lanceolate, long acuminate at apex,

somewhat rounded at base ; glabrous above, sparsely pilose beneath

with long stiff ferruginous hairs especially on and along the nerves ;

greenish-brown when dry ; margins distantly but sharply serrate in the

middle part, entire on the acumination and near the base, revolute;

4 to 7 in. long, 1 to 1-25 in. broad ; midrib prominent beneath, impressed

above ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, irregularly distant, curving upwards

and meeting about '2 in. from the margin in a looped intramarginal

nerve; secondary nerves and transverse reticulations scanty but pro-

minent ; petiole short, '15 in. long, stout, hirsute. Inflorescence a sessile

very short raceme or panicle of flowers on the young branches , bracts

several, very small, densely rusty-hirsute. Calyx-tube short , lobes o,

oblong, obtuse, -125 in. long, glabrous within, densely rusty-hirsute

without. Corolla-tube, short; lobes 5, oblong, rounded, ‘2 in. long.

Stamens about 30 ; filaments slender ; anthers rounded. Ovary villous ;

style slender, pubescent, - 15 in. long ; stigma capitate. Fruit unknown.

Penang : at West Hill, 2,500 feet, Curtis 325.

20. Symplocos cerasifolia, Wall. Cat. 4434 (1829). A tree, reach-

ing 60 feet and even 80 feet in height ; stem with a diam. of 20 in. ;

branchlets glabrescent, smooth, somewhat angled, reddish-brown ; leaf-

246

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

buds nearly globose, scales rounded, acuminate. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate or

attenuate at base ; glabrous above, sparsely pilose on the nerves beneath

otherwise glabrous, dark greenish-brown when dry ; margins crenately

serrate except at the very base and on the acumination, slightly recurved ;

J to 7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, midrib slender, impressed above ;

mam-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, conspicuous, at once curving upwards and

round to join each other in a well-marked looped ring -2 to -3 in. from the

margin; reticulations transverse; petiole -5 to -7 in. long, slender,

channelled above. Inflorescence of axillary and sub-terminal pubescent

spikes ; the rachis stout, angular ; bracts broad, round, villous, early

caducous; bracteoles 2, ovate-acute, -075 in. long, villous; flowers

about 12 m each spike. Calyx-tube short, -05 in. long; lobes lanceolate,

acute, pilose, -125 in. long. Corolla-tube short; lobes oblong-acute,

neived, 2 in. long. Stamens about 30, or very numerous — over

100 (Scortechim), on the corolla-tube, fascicles not well separated;

blaments very slender; anthers rounded, very minute. Ovary and

disk slightly hairy ; style slender, curved, -2 in. long, stigma capitate ;

ce s 3, ovules 2 to 3 in each cell. Fruit a cylindrie oblong drupe 1-5

to 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, truncate at both ends and tipped above by the

persistent calyx-tube and lobes, the rim about -2 in. broad; smooth,

yellowish-brown ; exocarp thick, corky; endocarp woody with 7 to 8

sharp star-like ridges. Seed 1, testa membranous; albumen thin,

embryo straight, pendulous ; radicle long. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257 ■

Clarke in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 580 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 466-

Brand Monog. Sympl. 52. Bobua ccrasifolia, Miers in Journ. Linn. Soe’.

XVII. 304.

Penang: Wallich 4434; Curtis 1503, 3096. Perak: Wray 445,

3003 ; Scortechini 515 ; King's Collector 6283, 6950. Malacca ■

Maingay (Iv.D.) 962

Scortechmi considered his No. 515 to represent a species separate from S. ccrasifolia

but with a large series of specimens before us we find it difficult to agree to this.

21. Symplocos rigida, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 581

{not of Wall.) (1882). A tree with spreading branches, reaching

60 to 80 feet m height and 18 to 24 in. in diam. of stem ; branehlets

stout, dark brown, glabrous, angled when dry, marked with the pro-

minent round raised scars of fallen leaves ; branch-buds large, covered

with oblong glandular-serrate stipular scales, softly silky on the

back; leaf-buds acuminate, -3 to -5 in. long, silky-pubescent. Leaves

coriaceo-chartaceous ; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or shortly

acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous on both surfaces

247

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

and usually shining, dark greenish-brown when dry ; margins entire

or very shortly serrate, recurved when dry ; 6 to 12 in. long, 2-5 to

5 in. broad ; midrib stout, much raised beneath, impressed above ;

main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, raised beneath, curving upwards to

and along the margin ; secondary nerves few or none ; reticulations

transverse, parallel, not prominent ; petiole '7 to 1'3 in. long, stout,

glabrous. Inflorescence of simple spikes, strobilate when young and

scarcely -5 in. long, in flower 1-5 to 2 in. long with pubescent rachis,

in fruit reaching 3 in. long with stout nearly glabrous rachis, in

the axils of upper leaves or the young branchlets below them ; bracts

broadly ovate, acute, concave, minutely grey or tawny-pubescent ;

bracteoles 2, lanceolate-acute, '1 in. long, all early deciduous ; buds

ovoid, grey-pubescent. Calyx-tube '075 in. long; lobes 4, ovate-acute,

blunt, '1 to '15 in. long, both grey-pubescent. Corolla-tube short,

lobes 5, white, oblong, acute, '25 in. long, 5-nerved. Stamens in 5

bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, about 60 ; filaments very slender,

outer ones longer than corolla-lobes ; anthers rounded, minute. Ovary

and disk glabrous ; style curved, "25 in. long, stigma capitate ; cells 3,

ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 1 to 1-5 in. long, '75 to 1 in.

broad, waxy greenish-white when half ripe, dark blue when ripe ; pale

brown, shining, smooth, obscurely angled when dry ; surmounted by

the calyx-rim -15 in. broad with erect calyx-teeth ; exocarp thick, fleshy ;

endocarp very hard, woody, with 8 sharp star-like ridges ; cells 3. Seeds

1 to 3, testa thin fibrous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight, radicle long.

Brand Monog. Sympl. 52. Doxomma rigidum, Miers in Trans. Linn.

Soc. Ser. 2. Bot. I. 104. Barringtonia rigida, Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. II. 510.

Pebak : Wray 1294, 3207 ; Scortechini 2046 ; King's Collector 4246,

4277, 4613, 5045, 5048, 6095, 6179, 7260, 7898, 8543, 10013. Seeangob :

Ridley 10544. Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 767, 965. Sixgapobe :

Cantley 50 ; Ridley 1798, 5960.

22. Stmplocos bubiginosa, Wall. Cat. 4432 (1829). A large shrub

or a tree sometimes reaching 70 to 100 feet in height and 15 to 20 in.

or more in diam. of stem ; branches stout, grey, nearly glabrous ,

branchlets stout, angled, glabrous or cinnamomeous- or ferruginous-

hirsute ; leaf-buds lanceolate, '3 to - 4 in. long. Leaves coriaceo-

cbartaceous ; obovate-oblong, acute or shortly and abruptly acuminate

at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous above, pubescent especially on

the nerves beneath, the pubescence pale rusty-brown, pale greenish-

brown when dry ; margins shortly dentate especially on the upper

half, sometimes nearly entire, recurved; 5 to 11 in. long, 2 to 4 in.

broad ; midrib stout, prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-

248

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves 10 to 13 pairs, parallel, very prominently raised beneath

and usually impressed above, curving upwards to and along the

margin ; secondary nerves few or none ; reticulations many, pro-

minent, transverse, parallel; petiole thick, densely pubescent, -5 to

1 in. long. Inflorescence of simple erect spikes, from the axils of upper

leaves or from the young branchlets below them ; spikes 1 to 2 in. long,

softly cinnamomeous-pubeseent, the rachis stout especially in fruit ;

flowers about 12 to 16 in each spike, each flower supported by a broad

ovate rounded bract -175 in. long and two ovate-acute braeteoles -1 in.

long. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, ’06 to '07 in. long ; tube as

long as lobes. Corolla-tube short, lobes white, oblong, -15 in. long,

3-nerved, glabrous. Stamens in 5 bundles opposite to the corolla-lobes,

usually about 30; filaments unequal, the outer ones longer than the

corolla-lobes ; anthers minute, round. Ovary and disk glabrous, style

slender, about -15 in. long, stigma capitate or lobed; cells 3. Fruit an

ovoid-oblong drupe, -4 in. long, - 25 in. broad, surmounted by the calyx-

rim '1 in. in diam., pale brownish-yellow when dry, glabrous or softly

pilose ; exocarp thin, crustaceous, fragile ; endoearp woody, faintly

ridged; seeds usually 3. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. I.

Pt. 2. 466 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 580 ; Brand Monog.

Sympl. 53. Lodhra rubiginosa, Miers in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVII

299.

Penang: Wallich 4432; Curtis 528, 1692; G. King. Pebak:

Scortechini 1825 ; King’s Collector 5192, 5771, 7112, 8105, 10015, 10021.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 955 ; Griffith (K.D.) 3652. Johore : Ridley

11115. Singapore: Cantley 72; Ridley 4117. — Distrib. Sumatra

{Forbes 1991), Borneo {Beccari 1216, Haviland 1679, 3480).

Subgenus II. — Cordyloblaste.

23. Symplocos confusa, Brand Monog. Sympl. 88 (1901). A shrub,

5 to 8 feet high (Lobb) ; branchlets rough, dark brown, marked with pro-

minent cushion-like sears, uppermost ones and innovations ferruginous-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; variable in shape, elliptic-oblong to

ovate-lanceolate bluntly acute at apex, attenuate often unequally at

base ; margins entire or slightly undulate, recurved ; glabrous on both

suifaces; 3 to 4 in. long, P5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender; main-nerves

inegular, about 6 pairs; secondary nerves and reticulations also irregular,

indistinct , petiole '2 to ’3 in. long, slightly pubescent. Inflorescence of

very short, 1-4-flowered, axillary, grey-silky racemes about -25 in. long ;

biacts very small, ovate-acute ; braeteoles also minute, 2 to each pedicel ;

pedicels - 05 to -1 in. long; flowers white, sweet-scented. Calyx-tube

249

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

campanulate, grey-silky, -1 in. long ; lobes 5, short, rounded, ciliate.

Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, -2 to -3 in. long, glabrous ; lobes 5, oblong,

obtuse, spreading, -15 in. long. Stamens very many (40 to 60), inside a

staminal tube somewhat longer than the eorolla-tube ; filaments very

short, slender ; anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous ; style

slender, hirsute or glabrescent, -3 to -5 in. long ; stigma large, capitate.

Fruit not known. S. Eenschelii, Benth. & Hook. f. ex Clarke in

Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 588 ; Forbes & Hemsl. in Joum. Linn. Soc.

XXYI. 73.

Malacca : on Mount Ophir, Griffith (Iv.D.) 3644 ; Lobb ; Maingay

(K.D.) 954. — Distrib. Borneo (Beccari 2405), China.

This species, which in the FI. Br. Ind. was placed under S. Henschelii , has been

separated by Brand, who considers the true S. Henschelii (Cordyloblaste Henschelii,

Moritzi in Bot. Zeit. vi. 604 (1848), to be a Java plant only. It is not thought neces-

sary to maintain Clarke’s var. hirtistylis.

24. Symplocos Maingayi, Benth. ex Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind

III. 588 (1882). A tree with spreading branches reaching 40 to 60

feet in height and 10 to 15 in. in diam. of stem; branches stout,

light brown ; branchlets and innovations densely ferruginous-velvety-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate

at apex, broadly attenuate or rounded at base; glabrous or with a

few scattered hairs above, sparsely pubescent beneath except the

nerves which are hirsute, marked also beneath by numerous faint

transverse lines ; margins entire ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2 - 5 in. broad ;

midrib stout, very prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves

8 pairs, curving upwards and joining in a looped intramarginal nerve,

impressed above; secondary nerves few and with the reticulations

rregular ; petiole ’3 to -5 in. long, stout, densely ferruginous-

pubescent. Inflorescence of stout densely ferruginous-pubescent

racemes, 1 to 1-5 in. long, bearing about 8 to 10 flowers, in the

axils of the upper leaves ; bract 1, ovate, acute, - 2 in. long ; brac-

teoles 2, similar but smaller; pedicels stout, - 1 to - 15 in. long. Calyx-

tube campanulate, densely rusty -pubescent ; teeth 5, rounded, '05 in.

long. Corolla-tube narrow funnel-shaped, 1 to 1'5 in. long, densely

white-tomentose without ; lobes - 5 in. long, oblong, reflexed. Staminal-

tube adnate to the corolla-tube as far as the lobes, then free above it ;

top of tube truncate, 15-20-lobed, the lobes separable as ligules

stamens inserted irregularly on the tube and lobes, about 40 to 60 ;

free part of filaments short, slender ; anthers ovoid. Ovary and disk

hairy ; style slender, as long as corolla-tube, stigma capitate ; cells 3.

Fruit obovoid, obtuse, glabrous, 1'75 in. long, 1'25 in. broad, crowned

250

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

with the remains of the calyx-rim '125 in. wide, pericarp very thick,

woody. Brand Monog. Sympl. 90.

Pekak : King’s Collector 6728. Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 961.

25. Symplocos Scoktechinii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?) ;

branchlets pale brown, slender, scurfy ; innovations sparsely grey-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, attenuately blunt-

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces dark

brown when dry, margins entire ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad ;

midrib slender, raised beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 8 to 10

pairs the lowest close to the margin, the others curved upwards to meet

in a looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves many and, with the

reticulations, irregular, fairly prominent ; petiole -5 in. long, channelled

above, slightly pubescent when young. Inflorescence of axillary or

pseudo-terminal racemes, '7 to 1 in. long, sometimes giving the appear-

ance of a terminal panicle ; rachis grey-pubescent, angular ; bract and

2 bracteoles lanceolate-acuminate, '1 to ’15 in. long; pedicels '2 in. long.

Calyx-tube campanulate, -2 in. long, grey-pubescent without, as are the

rounded obtuse '05 in. long teeth. Corolla-tube slender, funnel-shaped,

1 to 1-5 in. long, densely white-tomentose without; lobes -5 in. long,

oblong-obtuse, much imbricate in bud. Staminal-tube adnate to the

corolla-tube as far as the lobes, then free above it, top of tube truncate,

about 15-lobed, the lobes separable as ligules ; stamens inserted irregu-

larly on the tube and lobes, about 40 to 50 ; free part of filaments short,

slender ; anthers rounded. Ovary and disk hairy ; style slender, as

long as corolla-tube, stigma capitate ; cells 3, ovules 2 in each cell.

Fruit obovoid-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 1'75 in. long, 1-2 in. broad,

crowned with the remains of the calyx-rim - 1 in. in diam. ; pericarp

thick, corky ; seed 1.

Pebae : Scortechini.

This species comes ver - y near to S. Maingayi in respect to its flowers and fruit, but

the branches are much more slender, the dense ferruginous tomentum is absent, and

the leaves are different, so we have no hesitation in describing it as a new species.

The following Bornean species seems worthy of description here : it

may possibly be found also in the Peninsula : —

Symplocos Havilandi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (?) ; branchlets stout,

somewhat flattened, yellowish-brown ; leaf-buds conical, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous ;

elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, acute at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, orange-

brown when dry; margins entire, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1-25 to 1-75 in. broad;

midrib stout, impressed above ; main-nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair near the

margin and more acutely angled (about 45°) than the others, straight at first at an

angle of 60°, then curved to meet in a widely looped intramarginal nerve, prominently

raised above when dry ; secondary-nerves and reticulations also raised ; petiole -4 to

•5 in. long, stout, rough, the upper half winged by the decurrent margin of the blade.

Inflorescence a nearly sessile, few-branehed panicle of racemes, about i -i in. long;

251

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flowers about 12 ; rachis glabrous, flattened ; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous ;

pedicels none or very short, scarcely -05 in. long ; buds globose. Calyx-tube -05 in.

long; lobes orbicular, ciliate, as long as tube. Corolla-tube very short; lobes 5, -15

in. long, ovate-oblong, ciliate. Stamens about 50, in 5 bundles of about 10 each,

opposite the corolla-lobes ; anther-cells orbicular ; filaments slender, the longest as

long as the petals. Ovary conical, glabrous ; style slender, -1 in. long, stigma

capitate. Fruit not known.

Borneo : in Sarawak, near Kuching, Haviland No. 1954,

2. Styrax, Linn.

Trees and shrubs, usually more or less lepidote or stellate-tomentose

on all parts except the upper-surface of the leaves, rarely glabrous.

Leaves various in shape, entire or serrulate. Floioers generally white,

in lax axillary or terminal, simple or compound, often pendulous

racemes ; bracts very small. Calyx campanulate, free or slightly adnate

to the base of the ovary, truncate or 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short ;

lobes 5, erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, imbricate or valvate. Stamens 10,

1-seriate at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments more or less flat-

tened, continuous with the connective ; anthers large, linear, the cells

parallel, erect. Ovary nearly free, at first 3-celled, later often 1-celled ;

style subulate ; stigma capitate, somewhat 3-lobed ; ovules few in each

cell, in free ovaries nearly all erect from the lower basal angle, in half-

adnate ovaries upper pendulous lower erect. Fruit globose or ellip-

soid, seated on the cupuliform or patelliform calyx, breaking up

irregularly. Seeds 1 or rarely 2 or more, integuments 2, the outer

chartaceous or hardened, the inner membranous ; albumen fleshy,

copious ; embryo straight, axile or excentric ; cotyledons broad, with a

longish terete radicle. — Distrib. Warmer regions of Asia and America,

a few extending to temperate Asia and South Europe, species about 60.

Leaves green beneath, slightly stellate-pubescent . . . . 1. S. serrulatum.

Leaves white or greyish-white beneath, with occasional rusty-stellate

hairs : —

Leaves small, under 5 in. long and 2-5 in. broad ; calyx about

one-third of the length of the corolla . . . . . . 2. S. Benzoin.

Leaves large, over 5 in. long and 2-5 in. broad ; calyx about half

of the length of the corolla . . . . . . . . 3. S. crotonoidcs.

1. Styrax serrulatum, Eoxb. FI. Ind. II. 415 (1832). A shrub or

small tree, reaching 50 feet in height ; branches slender, branchlets stel-

lately grey-pubescent. Leaves membranous ; ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate, sometimes acute at base ; nearly

glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, but with stellate hairs on both sides

of the nerves ; margins sparingly and irregularly serrate, sometimes sub-

252

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

entire, slightly revolute ; l - 5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender ; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving upwards and anastomosing

near the margin ; secondary nerves and reticulations prominent, the

latter transverse ; petiole -2 in. long, stellate-pubescent. Racemes

terminal or from the axils of the uppermost leaves of the branchlets,

6-8-flowered or fewer, sometimes reduced to 1 only, sometimes panicu-

late from the absence of leaves, 1 to 2 in. long ; rachis slender, densely

white-stellate-pubescent ; pedicels -2 in. long ; bracteoles linear, nearly

as long as pedicels ; flowers white. Calyx campanulate ; tube white-

pubescent without, glabrous within, -15 in. long; teeth 5, -05 in. long,

irregular, repand-dentate, white-pubescent on both sides. Corolla-tube

■15 in. long, cylindric ; lobes 5, -25 in. long, oblong, sub-acute, densely

white-pubescent without and within except the lower part of the tube.

Stamens 10, 2-5 in. long ; filaments inserted on the corolla-tube, wide

and white-tomentose at the base, narrower and glabrous above, con-

tinued in the connective ; anthers broadly linear, erect, as long as the

filaments, rounded at top, cells 2 parallel. Ovary densely white-villous ;

style slender, -3 in. long ; stigma small, capitate ; cells 3. Fruit ellip-

soid, -4 to 1 5 in. long, -3 in. broad, white- or grey-pubescent, supported

by the patelliform calyx ; pericarp fleshy, rather thin, irregularly

breaking up. Seeds 1, rarely 2 or more ; outer integument smooth,

hard, shining, brittle ; inner one membranous, brown ; albumen firm,

grey ; embryo erect, nearly as long as the endosperm ; cotyledons

cordate, T5 in. long ; radicle thick, terete, as long as cotyledons. Wall.

Cat. 4402 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 267 ; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5950 (syn.

excl.) ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 237 and For. PL II. 142 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 588 ; Prain Beng. Plants I. 656.

S. Porterianus, Wall. Cat. 4401 ; A. DC. l.c. ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2,

463. S. floribunda, Griff. Notul. IV. 287.

Penang : Wallich 4401 ; Phillips ; Curtis 1187, 1538 ; Ridley 7176.

Pebak : King’s Collector 1662. — Distrib. India, at 3,000 to 7,000 feet

from Nepal to Assam, Chittagong and Burma.

The plant is frequently affected by galls.

2. Styrax Benzoin, Dryand. in Phil. Trans. Vol. LXXVII. 308, t. 12

(1787). A tree with slender drooping branches, reaching 60 to 80 feet in

height and 2 to 3 feet in diam. of stem ; branches rounded, glabrous ;

upper branchlets rusty-grey-stellate-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, acuminate at apex, attenuate or rounded at base ; glabrous

above, densely grey-stellate-pubescent beneath ; margins entire or rarely

slightly denticulate ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 - 5 in. broad ; midrib slender,

prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving

253

Flora of the. Malayan Peninsula.

upwards to and along the margin; reticulations transverse, regular, pro-

minent ; petiole '3 to - 5 in. long, channelled above, densely grey-stellate-

pubescent. Racemes paniculate, terminal or axillary to the upper leaves,

grey-stellate-pubescent ; bracts ovate, caducous ; pedicels slender,

angular, -1 to -2 in. long ; braeteoles linear, as long as the pedicels or

nearly so ; flowers silvery-white. Calyx cupular, '15 in. long, densely

grey-stellate-pubescent without ; teeth 5, minute. Corolla-tube '15 in.

long, cylindric ; lobes 5, '3 in. long, oblong-linear, acute, white-pubes-

cent without and more or less within, recurved. Stamens 10, '3 in_

long, attached to the tube of the corolla ; filaments flattened, '15 in.

long, white-pubescent, continued in the connective ; anthers linear,

slender, erect, acute at tip, as long as filaments, cells parallel. Ovaiy

conical, villous above ; style slender, '3 in. long ; stigma small, capitate ;

cells 3, ovules 2 or more in each cell, placentas central. Fruit depressed-

globose, variable in size, reaching '8 in. in diam. and '6 in. in height ,

white-pubescent, supported by the flattened persistent patelliform calyx ,

pericarp corky, rather thick, irregularly dehiscing. Seed usually 1,

pale-brown with a broad basal hilum ; outer integument hard, brittle,

inner membranous ; albumen firm ; embryo horizontal or oblique,

nearly as long as the endosperm ; cotyledons flattened, oblong-cordate,

■2 in. long ; radicle smooth, '15 in. long, cylindric. Blume Bijdr. 671 ,

Roxb. PI. Ind. II 416 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 260 ; Bentl. & Trim. Med.

PI. HI. t. 169 ; Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 463 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI.

Br. Ind. III. 589 ; Giirke in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 178,

fig. 93; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 132.

Pebak : Wray 808, 1208 ; Scortechini 1998 ; King's Collector 4459,

7840, 7884, 8615, 10203, 10305. Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 963, 964 ;

Griffith (K.D.) 3668. Singapore : Ridley 2650.— Distbib. Sumatra

( Beccari 699; Forbes 3120a); Java ( Forbes 1183).

This species gives the gum “Benzoin,” or “Benjamin,” of commerce. The plant

is often affected by galls, causing curious tassel-like excrescences on the branches.

The tree has the odour of violets (Wray).

3. Styrax ckotonoides, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 589 (1882).

A tree, 60 to 80 feet high and 15 to 20 in. in diam. of stem ; branches

spreading and drooping ; branehlets rather thick, grey, ultimate ones

and innovations densely clothed with whitish-grey and rusty-stellate

tomentum, the rusty hairs large and scattered among the rest. Leaves

chartaceo-coriaceous ; broadly oblong or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acu-

minate at apex, attenuate or cuneate at base ; glabrous above except

on the nerves, densely white-tomentose beneath, and with scattered

rusty-stellate hairs ; margins entire or undulate ; 5 to 7 in. long, 2'5 to

254

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 in. broad ; midrib prominent beneath, impressed and stellate-pilose

above ; main-nerves about 10 pairs, prominent, arched upwards to and

along the margin; reticulations prominent, transverse ; petiole '3 to - 4 in.

long, stellate-pubescent. Bacemes in terminal and axillary panicles,

4 to 8 in. long, densely white-tomentose and rusty-steliate-pilose, in-

cluding calyx; pedicels very short, 0 to -15 in. long; bracts oblong-

lanceolate, glandular-dentate, '25 in. long ; bracteoles 2, linear-subulate,

•15 in. long; flowers creamy-white. Calyx-tube cupular, -2 to '25 in.

long, truncate ; teeth 5, very minute. Corolla-tube short, '15 long,

glabrous at the very base, appressed white-pubescent above ; lobes 5,

valvate, - 3 in. long, linear-oblong, acute, afterwards recurved. Stamens

10, about - 3 in. long ; filaments short, flat, glabrous, continued in the

connective which is white-pubescent on the back ; anthers - 2 in. long,

linear, mucronate, cells parallel. Ovary 5-lobed, white-villous, conical ;

style slender, as long as corolla ; stigma capitate ; cells 3, ovules 5 to 6,

erect. Fruit ovoid, grey-pubescent, mucronate, '75 to 1 in. in diam.,

supported by the cupuliform calyx ; pericarp thick, corky. Seed 1, outer

integument pale brown, smooth, crustaceous, with a broad basal hilum,

inner integument membranous ; albumen firm, endosperm cushion-like ;

embryo somewhat oblique ; cotyledons cordate, -2 in. long ; radicle thick,

terete, as long as cotyledons. Grotoni affinis sp. Wall. Cat. 7348.

Perak : Scortechini 179 ; King’s Collector 7775, 7967, 8558, 10734.

Singapore : Wallich 7848 ; Cantley 60.

This species, like the others, is also frequently found with large tassel-like insect

galls in place of the inflorescence.

Order LXXIV. OLEACEiE.

Erect or climbing shrubs or trees, unarmed. Leaves usually oppo-

site, rarely alternate or verticillate, simple or pinnately 3-few-foliolate,

entire or toothed ; stipules none. Inflorescence sometimes dichoto-

mously cymose and centrifugal, sometimes trichotomously paniculate,

some or all branches centripetal ; cymes or panicles axillary or ter-

minal. Flowers hermaphrodite, often dimorphous, sometimes polyga-

mous or dioecious, regular. Calyx free, usually small, campanulate,

4- or more-toothed or -lobed, rarely 0. Corolla gamopetalous ; tube

long or short ; lobes or petals 4 to 12, imbricate or induplicate-valvate

in bud. Stamens usually 2, sometimes 4, inserted on the corolla, or

hypogynous if the petals are free or 0 ; filaments usually short ; anthers

rather large, ovate or oblong, rarely linear, dehiscing on the margin.

Ovary free, 2-celled ; style short or long ; stigma simple or 2-lobed ;

ovules 1 to 2, rarely more, in each cell, attached to the inner angle near

255

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the apex or base. Fruit capsular, loeulieidally 2-valved or indehiscent,

or a berry or drupe. Seeds solitary or 2 in each cell, erect or pendu-

lous ; testa thin or bony ; albumen fleshy or horny or 0 ; embryo

straight ; radicle inferior or superior. — Distrib. Tropical and tempe-

rate regions of the world ; genera about 18, species about 280.

Corolla-lobes imbricate : —

Seeds exalbuminous ; usually climbing shrubs

Seeds albuminous ; small trees..

Corolla-lobes valvate : —

Radicle superior ; trees or erect shrubs : —

Corolla-tube very short, petals often in pairs

Corolla tubular, sometimes absent

Radicle inferior ; climbing shrubs

1. Jasminom.

2. OSMANTHUS.

3. Linociera.

4. Olea.

5. Myxopyrcm.

Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis, Linn., is found in gardens in cultivation.

1. Jasminum, Linn,

Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate,

simple trifoliolate or imparipinnate, generally entire ; petiole usually

articulate. Flowers often handsome, white pink or yellow, often

sweet-scented, in 2- or 3-chotomous or simple cymes or sometimes

solitary, axillary or terminal, inflorescence centrifugal ; bracts linear

and small or ovate, sometimes petaloid, braeteoles usually linear.

Calyx-tube usually funnel-shaped or eampanulate ; lobes 4 to 9, linear,

long or short or 0. Corolla-tube narrow, more or less elongate ; lobes

4 to 9, spreading, much imbricate. Stamens 2, usually included in the

corolla-tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong, attached to the filaments

at the back near the base, cells parallel, connective broad, usually pro-

duced in a mueronate point. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules usually 2 in each

cell, attached near the base ; style filiform, long or short, often both in

different flowers on the same plant ; stigma oblong or capitate, gene-

rally bifid. Berry didymous or simple by suppression of one carpel ;

carpels globose, ellipsoid or elongate, pericarp usually of two layers,

the outer (exocarp) membranous, the inner (endocarp) fleshy or fibrous.

Seeds usually 1 in each carpel, sometimes 2, testa very thin ; albumen

none ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle inferior, very small, included

within the cotyledons or slightly exsert. — Distrib. Tropical and warm

temperate regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia, one species in Europe,

many in cultivation : about 90 species in all.

Leaves simple : —

Leaves penninerved, basal pair of nerves not opposite nor pro-

duced to form an intramarginal nerve : —

Inflorescence terminal : —

Erect or straggling shrub .. .. ..1. J.Sambac.

256

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Climbing shrubs : —

Calyx-lobes -2 in. long or longer ; leaves rather large : —

Leaves chartaeeous : —

Leaves and branchlets fulvous-pilose, main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs

Leaves and branchlets glabrous, main-nerves 6 to

8 pairs

Leaves membranous : —

Calyx-lobes spreading, -25 in. long or longer ; fruit-

ing pedicels thickened

Calyx-lobes erect, - 5 in. long ; pedicels very short

Calyx-lobes under -2 in. long, pubescent ; leaves

small : —

Corolla-tube short, -25 in. long

Corolla-tube '6 to - 8 in. long. .

Inflorescence axillary

Leaves penninerved, basal pair of nerves opposite, produced to

form an intramarginal nerve : —

Basal pair of nerves prominent, branchlets round : —

Flowers in few-flowered long-peduncled cymes ; pedicels

1 to 1-5 in. long

Flowers in many-flowered short-peduncled cymes ; pedi-

cels under • 5 in. long . .

Basal pair of nerves not prominent, branchlets 4-angular . .

Leaves 3-foliolate

2. J. GriffithiL

3. J. Maingayi.

4. J. Wrayi.

5. J. Gurtisii.

6. J. decussatum.

7. J. bifarium.

8. J. adenophyllum -

9. J. longipetalum.

10. J. smilacifolium .

11. J. insigne.

12. J. Scortechinii.

1. Jasminum Sambac, Ait. Hort. Kew. I. 8 (1789). A sub-erect,

straggling, scarcely climbing shrub ; branches terete, smooth ; branch-

lets slender, pubescent. Leaves membranous ; variable, usually ovate,

often broadly so, acute or obtuse at apex, cuneate or rounded or

cordate at base ; glabrous above, pubescent on the nerves beneath, often

with tufts of hair in the axils of the main-nerves ; margins recurved ;

1-5 to 4-5 in. long, 1 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed

above, raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, arching upwards to and

along the margin, raised beneath ; reticulations distinct on both sides ;

petiole '1 to -25 in. long, pubescent, articulate in the middle. Floivers

white, very fragrant, solitary or in 2-3-flowered terminal pubescent

cymes ; bracteoles linear-subulate ; pedicels -25 in. long, pubescent.

Calyx-tube campanulate, -1 in. long ; teeth 5 to 9, linear-subulate, -1 to

•25 in. long. Corolla- tube slender, funnel-shaped, -5 in. long; lobes 8 to 9,

spreading, as long as tube, oblong acute or obtuse. Stamens included

in the tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong. Ovary rounded ; style

slender; stigmas 2, clavate. Berry didymous or with 1 carpel only by

suppression ; carpels black, -25 in. in diam., sub-globose, surrounded by

the sub-erect persistent calyx-teeth. Bot. Beg. t. 1 ; Bot. Mag. 1. 1785 ;

Wall. Cat. 2868; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 301; Wight Ic. t. 704; Dalz. &

Gibs. Bomb. PL 137 ; Brandis For. FI. 311; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

257

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Beng. XL VI. ii. 242, and For. FI. II. 153 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind.

III. 591 ; Blume Bijdr. 677 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 542 ; Cooke Bomb.

FI. II. Ill ; Prain Beng. Plants 659. J. fragrans, Salisb. Prod. 12.

J. undulatum, Willd. Sp. PI. I. 36 (not of Ker). J. Zambac, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 2, and FI. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. I. 87. J. quinqueflorum, Heyne ;

Wall. Cat. 2878 ; A. DC. l.c. 302. J. pubescens, Wall. Cat. 2880, not of

Willd. Nyctanthes Sanibac and undulatum, Linn. Sp. PL 8. Mogorium

Sambac, Lamk. Diet. IV. 210 ; 111. t. 6, fig. 1. M. undulatum, Lamk.

Diet. IV. 212. “ Kudda-mulla,” Rheede Hort. Mai. VI. tt. 50, 51.

Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 58, fig. 2.

Perak : Seortechini 997. — Distrib. India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam.

Much cultivated in India and in all tropical regions. The cultivated forms have

many-flowered cymes and rounded corolla-lobes, and they are often found with double

flowers.

2. Jasminum Griffithii, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 593

(1882). A slender climbing shrub; branchlets densely and patently ful-

vous-villous. Leaves chartaceous ; ovate- or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acute

or acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base ; fulvous-pilose on

both surfaces, sparsely above, more densely beneath but glabrescent

when old, the uppermost often whitened ; 4 to 6 in. long, P5 to 3'5 in.

broad ; midrib prominent beneath ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, at first

straight then arching upwards to join in a prominent looped intra-

marginal nerve ; secondary nerves few ; reticulations rather indistinct ;

midrib and all nerves impressed above and pilose, raised and densely

fulvous-villous beneath, tufted in the axils ; petiole stout, -2 to -4 in.

long. Flowers creamy-white, in terminal, many-flowered, fulvous-

pilose cymes, 1 to 1-5 in. long and up to 2 in. broad ; bracts leafy, lan-

ceolate, about -5 to 1 in. long, few ; bracteoles many, linear, similar to

calyx-lobes, of various lengths. Calyx-tube slender, -1 in. long; lobes 5,

linear, -2 in. long. Corolla-tube slender, slightly enlarged above, -75 in.

long ; lobes 5, spreading, -25 in. long, elliptic, apiculate ; lobes and

tube minutely pubescent without. Stamens included or slightly exsert;

filaments broad; anthers oblong-lanceolate with a broad connective, -15

to -2 in. long. Ovary glabrous ; style slender ; stigma clavate. Berry

didymous ; carpels waxy-white, globose, - 3 to '4 in. in diam., pericarp

crustaceous, glabrous. Seed usually one, testa fibrous ; cotyledons thick,

plano-convex, -2 in. in diam.

Perak : King’s Collector 10229. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3704.

Singapore : Ridley 8455.

Var. cuspidata, 'King & Gamble. Leaves thinner than in the type,

oblong, abruptly and sharply cuspidate-acuminate at apex, attenuate and

258

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

abruptly rounded at base, 5 to 5'5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad, much

less pilose, main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs ; seeds 1 to 2, testa crustaceous.

Penang: Curtis 2787. Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 998. Johore:

at Gunong Palai, 1,400 feet, G. King.

3. Jasminum Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 594 (1882).

A climbing shrub ; branchlets light brown, terete, internodes somewhat

elongate, innovations and inflorescence tawny-pubescent. Leaves char-

taeeous ; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate and often mucronate at

apex, rounded or attenuate or cuneate at base ; glabrous on both

surfaces ; margins recurved ; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib

stout ; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, arching upwards to join in a looped

intramarginal nerve about - 2 in. from the margin ; secondary nerves

few ; reticulations distant, obscure ; all nerves strongly impressed above

and raised beneath ; petiole -5 to -7 in. long, articulate in the middle,

twisted, the bases of each pair connected by a raised nodal line.

Flowers in terminal or axillary, paniculate, tawny-pubescent, trichoto-

mous cymes, 1-5 to 2 in. long, sessile or peduncled ; bracts oblong or

spathulate, leafy ; bracteoles linear, about -25 in. long or less ; pedicels

blueish, -15 in. long; flowers white, sometimes slightly tinged with

pink. Calyx-tube campanulate, -07 to -1 in. long ; teeth 6, linear-

subulate, - 325 in. long. Corolla-tube slender, -5 to - 7 in. long, glabrous ;

lobes 8 to 10, spreading, rotate, oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, -4 in.

long, with prominent nerves. Stamens included in the corolla- tube ;

filaments slender, appressed to the tube ; anthers oblong, mucronate,

■15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous ; style

slender, -4 to -5 in. long ; stigma clavate. Fruit of one carpel, oblong,

•5 in. long, '3 in. broad, exocarp thin shining, endocarp fibrous. Seeds

2, testa thin. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7823.

Penang : Maingay (K.D.) 1000 ; Curtis 643. Pekak : Scortechini

139, 304 ; Curtis 2032 ; King’s Collector 2761, 2762, 3975.— Distrib.

Borneo ( Haviland & Hose 911).

Vab. kedahensis, King & Gamble. Branchlets and inflorescence

thickly rusty-pubescent. Leaves more ovate, rounded at base, nerves

fewer, rarely 3 to 4 pairs, the two lower pairs very strong. Drupe

nearly globose.

Kedah : Ridley 5535.

A well-marked variety which may prove, when better known, to be a species.

4. Jasminum Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climbing

shrub; branchlets pale brown, slender, terete. Leaves membranous;

oblong or obovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, attenuate or rounded,

sometimes slightly auricled at base ; glabrous on both surfaces except

259

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

for tufts of tawny hairs in the axils of the main-nerves beneath ; 3 to

7 in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in. broad ; midrib very slender, raised beneath ; main-

nerves about 7 pairs, curving upwards to and along the margin where

they are obscurely connected in an intramarginal looped nerve, usually

slightly impressed above and raised beneath ; secondary nerves and

reticulations obscure; petiole -3 to -5 in., slender, twisted. Flowers

cream-coloured, in terminal, about 15-20-flowered corymbose cymes

2 to 3 in. long ; peduncle 1 to 1-5 in. long, branches at right angles to

rachis in fruit, -7 to 1 in. long ; bracts lanceolate-acuminate, -5 in. long ;

bracteoles linear- subulate, -2 to -3 in. long ; pedicels slender in flower,

clavately-thickened in fruit and then -3 to -5 in. long. Calyx-tube very

short ; lobes 5, linear-subulate, spreading, curved, -25 in. long, glabrous

or slightly pilose. Corolla-tube slender, -75 in. long, slightly enlarged

above ; lobes 8 to 9, narrow, -3 to -4 in. long. Stamens included in the

corolla-tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong, long-mucronate. Ovary

cylindric, depressed; style slender; stigma slightly clavate. Fruit didy-

mous ; carpels ovoid-globose, greenish-white, -25 to '5 in. long, exocarp

thin shining, endocarp fibrous. Seed 1, testa very thin, membranous ;

cotyledons plano-convex, thick.

Perak : Wray 2297, 2905, 3147 ; King’s Collector 1838, 2484.

Var. hispida, King & Gamble. Upper branchlets and inflorescence

including calyx sparsely hispid, also midrib and main-nerves of leaves

beneath ; under-surface of leaves often pubescent ; main-nerves up to

10 pairs.

Perak : King’s Collector 5893, on limestone hills. Selangor :

Curtis 3774.

Var. axillaris, King & Gamble. Leaves rather small, sparsely

pubescent, especially on the midrib and main-nerves ; inflorescence

axillary, few-flowered (5 to 7), calyx hispid ; fruit large, up to '5 in. in

diam.

Perak: on Maxwell’s Hill, 3,000 feet — a slender climber, Scorte-

chini 273.

5. Jasminum Curtisii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub (?) ;

branchlets slender, terete, minutely rusty -pubescent. Leaves mem-

branous ; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, rounded at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces except for pubescence on the nerves above

and tufts of hair in the axils of the main-nerves beneath ; 3 to 5 m.

long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves 5 to 6 pairs, distant,

curving upwards and joining in a looped nerve '1 to '2 in. from the

margin, raised and prominent on both surfaces ; secondary nerves and

reticulations few, irregular ; petiole "4 in. long, pubescent, twisted,

articulate in the middle, the bases of each pair connected by a faint

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Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nodal line. Flowers in a terminal trichotomous rusty-pubescent cyme,

supported by pale (white ?) leafy, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent bracts 1 to

1'25 in. long; bracteoles similar but smaller; pedicels -15 in. long;

flowers in each cyme about 15 to 20. Calyx-tube campanulate, - 15 in.

long ; lobes 6, linear-subulate, - 5 in. long. Corolla-tube slender, cylin-

drical, 1 in. long; lobes 8 to 9, spreading or recurved, -5 in. long, oblong-

lanceolate, acute. Anthers oblong, - 125 in. long, mucronate. Ovary

cylindric, glabrous; style slender; stigmas 2, clavate. Fruit not known.

Perak : at Ipoh, Curtis.

A remarkable species, distinguished by the very long hair-like calyx-lobes and the

coloured or white large leafy bracts and bracteoles.

6. Jasminum decussatum, Wall. Cat. 2860 (1829). A climbing shrub ;

branehlets slender, densely rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base ; sparsely

pubescent above, more densely so beneath ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in.

broad ; midrib ratber stout ; main-nerves 4 to 5, lowest pair obscure,

rest curved upwards to meet near the margin, impressed above, raised

beneath ; petiole - 3 to '4 in. long, pubescent, articulate near the base,

the bases of each pair of petioles (as also branehlets) joined by a

raised nodal line on either side. Floivers in densely pubescent axillary

and terminal trichotomous corymbose cymes about 1 to 2 in. long, sup-

ported by a pair of large leaf-like bracts ; bracteoles linear-subulate ;

pedicels - 1 to - 2 in. long. Calyx-tube short ; teeth 6, subulate, ’1 in.

long. Corolla-tube slender, -25 in. long ; lobes 8 to 9, as long as tube,

oblong-lanceolate, apiculate. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ;

filaments short ; anthers oblong, - 1 in. long, mucronate. Ovary rounded,

glabrous ; style slender, longer than the corolla-tube (in short-stamened

flowers); stigmas two, clavate. Fruit of one ellipsoid carpel, '2 to '3 in.

long, glabrous. A.DC. Prod. VIII. 306 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI.

ii. 241, and For. PL II. 151 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 596.

Penang : King’s Collector 1425, at Trang, 100 to 300 feet. — D istrib.

Burma ( Wallich 2860, Griffith 3699).

t. Jasminum biparium, Wall. Cat. 2866 (1829). A climbing shrub ;

branehlets slender, terete, brown when dry, pubescent or nearly glab-

rous. Leaves chartaceous, usually bifarious; ovate or ovate-oblong,

acuminate at apex, rounded or truncate sometimes almost cordate at

base ; pubescent or sometimes nearly glabrous on both surfaces ; 2 to

3 in. long, 1 to F5 in. broad; midrib slender, pubescent, impressed above,

raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, pubescent, prominent beneath,

arched upwards to join in an intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves and

reticulations very obscure ; petiole - 2 to '3 in. long, twisted, articu-

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Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

late in the middle, the bases of each pair connected (as are the branch-

lets) on either side by a raised nodal line. Flowers white, in few- (4-12-)

flowered, pubescent, sub-capitate cymes, sub-sessile in the axils of the

two uppermost bract-like leaves ; bracteoles linear-subulate, - 15 in. long ;

pedicels -1 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate ; teeth 5 to 7, linear-

subulate, -1 to -15 in. long. Corolla-tube slender, cylindric, p 6 to -8 in.

long ; lobes 6 to 9, ovate-oblong, spreading, apiculate, - 2 to - 3 in. long.

Stamens included in the corolla-tube ; filaments short, slender ; anthers

oblong, mucronate, T to - 15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylin-

dric, glabrous ; style slender, exsert ; stigmas 2, clavate. Fruit a didy-

mous berry; carpels ovoid, -5 in. long, -2 in. broad; exocarp membranous

shining, endocarp fibrous. Seed conform to carpel, testa very thin,

membranous. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 305 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind.

III. 595. J. bracteatum, Wall. Cat. 2867. J. nummular oides, Blume

Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 275 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 537.

Penang: Wallicli 2866, 2867 ; Curtis 1920; Ridley 9361. Perak :

Wray 4180 ; King’s Collector 860, 4920, 10699 ; Deschamps ; Scortechini

59, 144, 238. Selangok : Ridley 7550, 8567. Pahang : Ridley

in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 319. — Distrib. Java.

Vab. glabra, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 595. Leaves

larger, elliptic, rhomboid or rounded at the base, more glabrous, less

bifarious; calyx-teeth rather longer. J. Lessertianum, A.DC. Prod.

VIII. 304.

Junkseylon (Tongka) : Curtis 2911. Penang : Maingay (K.D.) 999 ;

Deschamps. Perak: Wray 4180; Scortechini ; Kunstlcr 122. Malacca:

Griffith (K.D.) 3708; Goodenough 1995. Johore : Ridley 4217. Singa-

pore : Lobb ; Ridley 10760. — Distrib. Sumatra.

8. Jasminum adenophyllum, Wall. Cat. 2876 (1829). A very slender

wiry climber; branehlets extensively twining, glabrous. Leaves mem-

branous; ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, variable, acuminate and

mucronate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous above except on the

midrib, glabrous beneath except the tuft of tawny hairs in the axils of

the main-nerves; margins somewhat undulate; l - 5 to 5 in. long, - 75 to

1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves very slender, obscure, about

6 pairs, curving upwards to meet in a faint intramarginal looped nerve ;

petiole slender, twisted, articulate in the middle, p 2 to p 3 in. long, hispid.

Floivers white, solitary, or 2 to 3 together in a slender, sometimes leafy,

umbel from the axils of the leaves ; peduncle "75 to 1‘25 in. long,

flattened above and with a pair of opposite bracts near the middle ;

bracts of umbel 2, linear-subulate, - 3 in. long ; pedicels very slender,

'75 to 1 in. long, clavately enlarged in fruit. Calyx-tube campanulate,

glabrous, ribbed, •! in. long; lobes linear-subulate, keeled on the back,

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Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

sparsely hispid, - 4 to -5 in. long, points recurved. Corolla-tube slender,

funnel-shaped, -75 in. long; lobes as long or slightly longer, 8 to 9,

recurved, oblong-ligulate, about ‘25 to -3 in. broad. Stamens included

in the corolla-tube ; filaments short, slender ; anthers oblong, mucro-

nate, -15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylindric ; style slender ;

stigma clavate. Fruit globose, shining, young carpels - 25 in. in diam.

A. DC. Prod. VIII. 314 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 597.

Penang: Xing’s Collector 1736. — Distrib. Kbasia Hills ( Wallich ).

This species is clearly quite a small climber, and while the Penang specimens have

only small leaves those from the Khasia Hills show comparatively large ones, but this

is not unnatural, and we believe the identification to be correct.

9. Jasminum longipetalum, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climb-

ing shrub, reaching 30 to 40 feet ; brancblets slender, terete, pale brown.

Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, 3-nerved ; elliptic, acute or shortly

acuminate at apex, attenuate or cuneate or slightly rounded at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved ; 2 to 6 in. long,

l - 5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib slightly impressed above, shortly raised

beneath ; main-nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the basal pair opposite, at about 25°

with the midrib produced in an intramarginal nerve about ‘25 in. from

the margin, looped where the others, which are at about 65° with the

midrib, join it ; secondary nerves and reticulations very indistinct ;

petiole -2 to -4 in. long, twisted. Flowers white tinged with pink,

fascicled 3 to 6 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming sessile

umbellate cymes ; bracts very small, ovate-acute, deciduous ; pedicels

1 to 1'5 in. long, very slender, summit enlarged in fruit. Calyx-tube

short; lobes 6, glabrous, linear-subulate, '1 in. long, margins inflexed.

Corolla-tube very slender, -75 in. long; lobes 9, linear-oblong, acute,

3-5-nerved, ‘75 to 1 in. long, much recurved in flower. Stamens within

the tube ; filaments short, slender ; anthers oblong, '175 in. long,

obtuse. Ovary glabrous, 2-celled ; style slender ; stigma flattened,

minutely pubescent. Fruit didymous ; carpel usually 1 only by

suppression, black, globose, - 4 to '5 in. in diam. ; pericarp fleshy,

glabrous. Seeds 2, testa very thin, cotyledons plano-convex.

Perak : King’s Collector 2765, 6005 — on rich soil at 300 to 800 feet

elevation, scarce. Singapore : Ridley 10937.

A particularly handsome and well-defined species, which is well worthy of garden

cultivation.

10. Jasminum smilacifolium, Griff. MS., Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br.

Ind. III. 600 (1882). A large glabrous climbing shrub ; brancblets pale

brown, terete. Leaves coriaceous, 3-nerved ; ovate, abruptly caudate-

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Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate at apex, obtuse or nearly cordate at base ; margins entire,

recurved; 5 to 7 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib very prominent,

impressed above, much raised beneath ; two lowest main-nerves very

prominent, similar to the midrib, curved upwards to form a pair of

intramarginal nerves meeting at the apex ; remaining main-nerves

irregular, 3 to 4 pairs, inconspicuous ; secondary nerves and reticulations

raised above ; petiole '75 in. long, twisted, articulate in the middle.

Inflorescence of axillary 5-20-flowered cymes ; rachis jointed, terete ;

bracts spathulate, '1 to - 2 in. long ; bracteoles smaller, linear ; pedicels

■2 to '3 in. long, greatly enlarged in fruit ; flowers white, tinged with

pink. Calyx campanulate, tube '15 in. long; teeth 5, '05 in. long.

Corolla-tube slender, cylindrical, - 75 to 1 in. long ; lobes oblong, acute

or apiculate, '75 in. long, - 2 in. broad. Stamens inserted in the throat

of the tube ; filaments short ; anthers linear-oblong, '25 in. long,

mucronate. Drupe didymous ; carpels ellipsoid, '1 in. long, '3 to

•4 in. broad, smooth, shining.

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3698 ; Maingay (K.D.) 997.

11. Jasminum xnsigne, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. 278 (1849).

An extensively climbing shrub ; branches obscurely quadrangular with

pale-grey corky bark ; branchlets acutely quadrangular, glabrous, the

edges pale-corky-winged. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; opposite, occa-

sionally whorled ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at

base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins recurved; 2 to 8 in. long, 1 to

4 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath ; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,

the basal pair faint, opposite, at about 30° with the midrib, produced in

an intramarginal nerve - 1 to '2 in. from the margin, looped where the

others, which are at 50° to the midrib, join it ; secondary nerves and

reticulations obscure ; petiole '4 to 1'2 in. long, twisted, the upper part

bordered for a short distance by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers white, in compact, many-flowered, glabrous cymes from the

axils of the leaves or (more usually) from the stem ; bracteoles sub-

ulate, ’1 to '15 in. long, caducous ; pedicels stout, - 2 in. long, somewhat

angular. Calyx-tube campanulate, '25 in. long; lobes 4 to 5, linear-

subulate, unequal, '25 to - 35 in. long, points hooked. Corolla-tube

slender, '75 to 1 in. long, somewhat inflated above; mouth slightly

thickened ; lobes 4 to 5, spreading, ovate-oblong, apiculate, -5 in. long,

■3 to '4 in. broad. Stamens in the tube of the corolla ; filaments

flattened ; anthers oblong, mucronate, '25 to '3 in. long. Ovary

glabrous, rounded; style slender, clavate, obscurely cleft in 2 short

stigmas; cells 2. Fruit didymous; carpels oblong, smooth, white when

ripe. Miq. Bl. Ind. Bat. II. 541. J. cauliflorum, Scortechini MS. in

Herb. Calcutta.

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Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : at Theripay Taipay, Scortechini ; Wray 2840 ; Gantley 23 ;

King's Collector 2890, 3398, 7069. — Distrib. Sumatra, Forbes 2906.

A very fine species of well-marked characters.

12. Jasminum Scortechinii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender

climbing shrub, reaching 60 feet in length ; branchlets dark-coloured,

glabrous. Leaves thin when young, almost coriaceous when old, 3-

sometimes 1-foliolate, opposite or sub-opposite ; terminal leaflet ovate

or lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base ; glabrous on both

surfaces, upper surface shining, nearly black when dry, lower surface

dull, reddish when dry; 2-5 to 4 in. long, 1 to P5 in. broad; lateral

leaflets similar but slightly smaller and often lanceolate ; midrib slender,

raised beneath ; main-nerves very indistinct, apparently 6 to 8 pairs ;

petiole -75 in. long, petiolule of end leaflet '5, of side leaflets -3 in. long,

all grooved, slender, articulate below the leaflet. Flowers white, in

axillary or terminal trichotomous cymes, terminal ones often panicu-

late ; peduncles '6 to 1 in. long ; bracts ovate-acute or subulate, ‘1 in.

long ; cymes sparsely scaly ; braeteoles at the base of the calyx minute ;

pedicels -1 to ‘2 in. long, very much enlarged in fruit and then reaching

•5 to - 7 in. in length and -3 in. in diam. at top. Calyx-tube campanulate,

•125 in. long ; teeth 5, very short, triangular. Corolla-tube slender, en-

larged above, -4 to -6 in. long ; lobes 5, ovate-cordate, obtuse, -3 to -4 in.

long, spreading. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ; filaments short ;

anthers oblong, mucronate, -15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary

cylindrical, glabrous, 2-celled ; style slender, as long as the corolla-tube ;

stigma clavate. Fruit didymous; carpels ellipsoid, -75 to 1 in. long,

•5 in. broad ; pericarp thin, crustaceous, blackish-brown. Seed nearly

filling the cavity ; testa thin, fragile ; cotyledons oblong-obtuse, slightly

auricled at base, -5 to -6 in. long by -25 in. broad, plano-convex.

Penang : Curtis 1227, 2031. Perak : Scortechini 383, 479 ; Ridley

10679 ; King’s Collector 7006, 7009 ; Curtis 169.

The description is largely after Scortechini MS. The species comes very near J.

lanceolaria, Roxb., but differs in its more slender habit, thinner leaves, and large

ellipsoid carpels.

Ridley’s No. 8325 from Lankawi Island, Kedah, is a twiggy, apparently erect shrub

with trifoliolate leaves, the leaflets all obovate-orbicular emarginate, the end one

reaching 1-7 in. long and 1-3 in. broad, the side ones only about -6 in. long and broad.

The fruits are of one carpel about the size of a small pea, and the flowers are unknown.

It may possibly not be a Jasminum (Herb. Kew).

The following species from Borneo is of interest, and may perhaps

be found later on in the Peninsula : —

Jasminum sakawacense, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ; branchlets

pale brown, terete ; internodes rather long. Leaves opposite, chartaceous ; elliptic-

265

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

oblong, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; both surfaces glabrous ; margins

recurved ; 4 to 7 in. long, 175 to 2-75 in. broad; midrib strong, impressed above,

raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 pairs, the lowest pair near the margin at an angle of

about 30° with the midrib, the remaining pairs at about 50°, curving upwards to meet

in an intramarginal looped nerve, which is also met by secondary nerves above the

fourth pair ; reticulations irregular, not prominent ; petiole -5 to -75 in. long, twisted

in the middle. Inflorescence of axillary, long-peduncled, trichotomous, pubescent,

corymbose cymes, about 1 in. broad at top, usually 1 pair from each node ; peduncle

terete, 2 to 3 in. long, sometimes branched, minutely pubescent; branches very short,

•2 in. long ; pedicels clavate, -1 to -15 in. long ; bracts and bracteoles linear-subulate,

•25 in. long, one pair of bracteoles to each terminal fascicle of 3 flowers ; flowers

white, buds clavate, 1 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate, '15 in. long ; lobes 6,

linear-oblong, applicately infolded at the middle inwards, ’15 to - 2 in. long, pubescent.

Corolla-tube cylindrical, 1 in. long ; lobes 6, spreading, oblong, rounded at top, -4 to

•5 in. long, prominently 3-5-nerved. Stamens 2, inserted at about the middle of the

tube within ; filaments short, decurrent within the tube ; anthers linear-oblong, -2 in.

long. Ovary cylindric, truncate and depressed at top, 2-celled; style very slender;

stigma clavate. Fruit not known.

Bobneo : near Kuching in Sarawak, Haviland & Hose 3489.

2. Osmanthus, Lour.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves opposite, evergreen, entire or

dentate. Flowers small, axillary or terminal, fascicled or in very short

racemes, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx short, 4-toothed or

-lobed. Corolla-tube short or long ; lobes 4, broad, obtuse, imbricate.

Stamens 2, more rarely 4, inserted on the corolla-tube ; anthers ovate,

sub-extrorsely dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, pendu-

lous from its apex; style short or cylindric, 2-lobed or sub-entire.

Drupe ovoid or globose ; exocarp fleshy, endocarp bony or crustaceous.

Seeds usually solitary, pendulous ; testa thin ; albumen fleshy ; coty-

ledons flat ; radicle short, superior. — Distrib. N.W. Himalaya and

eastwards to China and Japan, also in Western North America; about

8 to 10 species.

Osmanthus Scortechinii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching

40 to 50 feet in height, and 10 to 15 in. in diam. of stem ; branchlets

terete with pale grey, somewhat corky, bark. Leaves coriaceous;

lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; both surfaces

glabrous; margins entire, recurved ; 2 to 4 in. long, - 75 to 1'25 in. broad ;

midrib thick, impressed above, raised beneath ; main-nerves very obscure,

about 5 to 6 pairs ; petiole broad, -3 to -6 in. long, channelled above and

bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers in very short,

close, axillary racemes, reaching -5 in. long in fruit, supported by a pair

of ovate, acute, coriaceous bracts ; pedicels slender, - 05 in. long. Calyx

membranous, '06 in. long; lobes 4, slightly serrate. Corolla campanu-

late, tube -05 in. long; lobes T in. long, oblong, obtuse, margins incurved.

266

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stamens 4, slightly exsert, inserted between the corolla-lobes at the top

of the tube ; filaments slender ; anthers small, ovate, cells dehiscing on

the margins or somewhat extrorsely. Ovary conical, glabrous ; style

slender, subulate, -04 in. long ; cells 2, ovules in each cell apparently 2.

Drupe globose, - 2 to -3 in. in diam. ; dark greenish-blue when ripe,

exocarp thin, fleshy, endocarp crustaceous. Seed 1, testa membranous ;

albumen fleshy, ruminate ; cotyledons oblong, flat, narrow ; radicle

superior.

Perak : Scortechini 414 — at Thaipeng ; Wray 682 ; King's Collector

5029, 6978.

The structure of the wood, so far as the examination of a very small branch goes,

confirms the placing of this plant in the genus Osmanthus.

To this species seems also to belong King’s Collector 3663, which has a bright red

drupe reaching -5 in. in length, slightly ribbed and with a spathulate embryo having

the radicle nearly as long as the cotyledons, each -1 in. It may be called Vak. ohlonga.

3. Linociera, Swartz.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers small, in axillary

or extra-axillary, rarely terminal, panicles or cymes ; bracts generally

small, sometimes rather enlarged and leafy ; bracteoles very small.

Calyx small, 4-fid or -toothed. Corolla of 4 petals, long or short, nearly

free or cohering by pairs or very shortly connate, induplicate- valvate in

bud. Stamens 2, rarely 4, inserted at the base of the petals and usually

between the two cohering ones ; filaments short ; anthers elliptic or

oblong, dehiscing on the margin or slightly extrorse ; connective broad,

often apiculate. Ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous from

its apex ; style short ; stigma bifid or entire. Drupe globose or ellip-

soid; exocarp fleshy, thin, endocarp bony or crustaceous. Seed usually

solitary, pendulous ; testa thin ; albumen fleshy or 0, if fleshy the coty-

ledons flattened, radicle superior. — Distrib. Tropics of both hemi-

spheres, species about 40.

Leaves over 4 in. long, main-nerves prominent beneath : —

Panicles 4 to 6 in. long, drupe -75 in. long . . . . 1. L. pauciflora.

Panicles 2 to 4 in. long, drupe 1-7 in. long . . . . 2. L. macrocarpa.

Panicles 1'5 to 2 in. long, drupe not known . . . . 3. L. paludosa.

Leaves under 4 in. long, main-nerves obscure beneath, cymes

scarcely 1 in. long . . .. .. .. .. 4 . L. caudata.

1. Linociera pauciflora, Clarke in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 609

(1882). A small tree, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and L5 to 2 feet in

diam. of stem; branches moderately stout, pale grey, smooth, swollen

at the nodes, internodes slightly angular; branchlets darker coloured,

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Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slender; leaf-buds linear-lanceolate. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong,

rounded or shortly obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous

on both surfaces, but with prominent raised glandular papillae ; 4 to

9 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad ; midrib stout, slightly impressed above, pro-

minently raised beneath ; main-nerves 11 to 13 pairs, fairly prominent

and regular, curving upwards to and along the margin near which they

anastomose ; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole '7 to

1'3 in. long, thickened at base. Floivers pale yellow or white, in com-

pound axillary panicles, 4 to 6 in. long ; main branches 1 to 2 in. long ;

rachis slender, glabrous, somewhat angular; bracts leafy, ovate or

spathulate, -5 to 1 in. or sometimes longer; bracteoles ovate-acute, very

small ; pedicels slender, -05 to 1-5 in. long, much thickened and pale

in fruit even when quite young. Calyx-tube short ; teeth 4, ovate-acute,

■05 in. long. Corolla-lobes in two pairs, oblong, -1 to -15 in. long,

slightly hairy within. Stamens '05 in. long ; filaments short, broad,

anthers elliptic, emarginate, with a gland on the front of the connective.

Drupe ellipsoid, -75 in. long, -3 to -4 in. broad, blueish-black when ripe ;

■exocarp fleshy, endocarp thin, crustaceous. Seed 1, testa pergamaceous ;

albumen none ; cotyledons fleshy, "55 in. long ; radicle very small,

superior. Olea (?) paucijlora, Wall. Cat. 2812 ; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 288.

Chionanthus palembanica, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 558 ; Kurz For.

FI. II. 159, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 243.

Kedah : Curtis. Penang : Wallich 2812a, b ; G. King ; Curtis

695, 2773 ; King’s Collector 1693 ; Bidley 10178. Pebak : Ridley 7160 ;

Scortechini 952 ; King’s Collector 4172, 4834. Singapore : Bidley 5079.

— Distrib. Tenasserim, Andamans, Borneo (Haviland 1766).

2. Linociera macrocarpa, King & Gamble. A small tree ;

branchlets pale greyish-brown, stout, lenticellate ; innovations ashy-

pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ; obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate,

obtuse or very shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, long cuneate

at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins entire or slightly recurved;

6 to 10 in. long, 2 to 3'5 in. broad; midrib very stout, broad and

plane above, much raised beneath ; main-nerves 14 to 17 pairs, pro-

minent beneath, curved only near the margin to meet in a faint looped

intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ,

petiole 1 to 1-5 in. long, enlarged at base. Floivers in ashy-pubescent

panicles, 2 to 4 in. long; bracts leafy, sometimes oblong-lanceolate,

more generally spathulate ; bracteoles linear-subulate, short ; pedicels

variable, often 0; rachis and pedicels much enlarged in fruit. Calyx

pubescent ; tube short ; lobes ovate-acute, -05 in. long. Corolla-tuba

very short ; lobes oblong-linear, -1 to -15 in. long, margins much

incurved. Stamens -075 in. long ; anthers oblong ; filaments very short,

268

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

connective produced in a conical acumen. Ovary pubescent ; style

short ; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe oblong-ellipsoid, 1'7 in. long, 1 to

1-2 in. broad; exocarp thick, granular; endocarp hard, '15 in. thick,

obscurely ridged outside. Seed 1, testa membranous, albumen fleshy.

L. insignis, Clarke in Hook. f. PI. Br. Ind. III. 610. Ghionanthus

macrocarpa, Blume Mus. Bot. I. 319 (1849) ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.

VIII. 239. C. insignis, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 559 (1862). G. mon-

tanus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 243, and Por. PI. II. 159.

Singapore : at Bukit Mandai, Ridley 4580. — Distrib. Tenasserim

{Heifer (K.D.) 3688), Martaban {Kurz), Sumatra {Teysmann, Beccari

826), Borneo {Beccari 725).

3. Linociera paludosa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree {Wray),

large tree, 60 to 80 feet high, and 15 to 20 in. in diam. of stem {King’s

Collector) ; branchlets thick, pale greyish-brown. Leaves coriaceous ;

oblong, bluntly acute at apex, also at base ; glabrous on both surfaces

except on the nerves which are minutely pubescent ; margins recurved ;

6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent, slightly

raised above, strongly so beneath main-nerves 11 to 15 pairs, im-

pressed above, prominently raised beneath, -75 to 1 in. apart, at first

straight then curving upwards to and along the margin to anastomose

and form a prominent looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves

few ; reticulations transverse, not prominent ; petiole stout, wrinkled,

•5 in. long. Flowers yellow, with a brown centre, in pubescent panicles

1'5 to 2 in. long from the branchlets between the leaf-nodes in the axils

of small tubercles ; peduncles stout, grey-pubescent, -2 in. long ; bracts

ovate, grey-pubescent ; bracteoles ovate-acute, recurved ; pedicels 05

in. long. Calyx-tube short, lobes ovate-acute or triangular, ciliate,

•025 in. long, one lobe sometimes enlarged. Corolla-lobes in 2 pairs,

linear-oblong, obtuse, '2 in. long, -05 in. broad, glabrous. Stamens

•05 in. long ; filaments broad, short ; anthers rounded, connective with

an obscure gland. Ovary conical, glabrous ; style short ; stigmas 2.

Fruit not known.

Perak : at Sungie Larut, Wray 2424 ; on low wet ground, King’s

Collector 6476.

4. Linociera caudata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching 30

to 40 feet in height and 5 to 7 in. in diam. of stem ; branches slender,

pale grey, ultimate branchlets darker. Leaves chartaceous ; lanceolate,

caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces ;

margins entire, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1'25 in. broad; midrib

slender, raised above, scarcely raised beneath ; main-nerves very

obscure, about 4 to 5 pairs, curving sharply upwards to meet in an

intramarginal looped nerve ; petiole •! to '2 in. long, grooved above.

269

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary, few-flowered, trichotomous, pani-

culate cymes about 1 in. long ; rachis glabrous, somewhat angular ;

bracts and bracteoles small, ovate, acute. Calyx -05 in. long, tube

short ; lobes 4, ovate, obtuse. Corolla-tube scarcely any ; lobes in 2

pairs, oblong, -1 in. long. Stamens : filaments broad ; anthers oblong,

cells extrorsely dehiscing ; connective apiculate. Ovary glabrous,

conical ; style very short ; stigma bifid. Drupe (immature) obovoid,

•3 to '4 in. long, seed apparently albuminous.

Pebak : King's Collector 3212, 6857, in dense jungle on high moun-

tains at 3,500 to 4,000 feet.

This Bpecies is rather near L. monticola, Bl., but the leaves are narrower and the

inflorescence longer.

4. Olea, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire or toothed. Floivers

small ; hermaphrodite, dioecious or polygamous ; in axillary, rarely

terminal trichotomous panicles ; bracts small. Calyx short, 4-toothed

or -lobed. Corolla-tube short ; lobes 4, induplicate-valvate, sometimes

0. Stamens 2, on the corolla-tube or sub-hypogynous ; filaments short ;

anthers ovate or oblong, cells dehiscing on the margin or slightly

extrorse, in $ flowers sometimes introrse. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 2 in

each cell, attached laterally to the septum or sub-pendulous ; style

short ; stigma obtuse, capitate or bifid. Drupe ellipsoid or sub-globose ;

exocarp fleshy ; endocarp bony or crustaceous, usually 1 -seeded. Seed

pendulous ; testa thin ; albumen fleshy, sometimes slightly ruminate ;

cotyledons flat, radicle superior. — Distbib. South Europe and Asia,

tropical and South Africa, New Zealand ; about 35 species.

Inflorescence more than 3 in. long ; leaves oblong lanceolate,

acute, usually over 4 in. in length .. •• .. 1. O. dentata.

Inflorescence under 3 in. long ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,

under 4 in. in length . . ■■ .. '2. O. maritima.

Species Imperfectly Known.

Leaves 8 to 14 in. long ; inflorescence extra-axillary on old wood ;

drupes flattened .. .. ■■ •• ..3. O . platycarpa.

Leaves 2 to 3 in. long ; inflorescence axillary or extra-axillary on

young wood ; corolla-lobes linear, T in. long ; drupes not known. . 4. O. afdisioides.

1. Olea dentata, Wall. Cat. 2840 (1829). A tree, 40 to 60 feet high ;

branchlets light brown, smooth, innovations minutely pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, euneate or

rounded at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, but when young pubescent

on the nerves beneath ; margins entire or distantly dentate, slightly

recurved; 3'5 to 5‘5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, im-

270

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pressed above, raised beneath ; main-nerves obscure, 8 to 10 pairs,

arching upwards to join in a looped nerve near the margin, impressed

above ; petiole '4 in. long. Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary, leafy,

tri-pinnate, minutely pubescent, paniculate cymes, 3 to 6 in. long,

branches trichotomous, ultimate cymes umbellate ; bracts leafy, oblong

or lanceolate, -5 to P5 in. long; pedicels slender, -05 to ‘1 in. long;

bracteoles minute, ovate-acute. Calyx minutely pubescent, '05 in. long ;

lobes 4, ovate, obtuse. Corolla tubular-campanulate, - 15 in. long; lobes

4, rounded, -05 in. long. Stamens very small, inserted at the base of

the corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers ovoid, sub-extrorsely

dehiscent. Ovary ovoid ; style none ; stigma capitate ; cells 2, ovules 2

in each cell. Drupe not seen. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 286; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 245, and For. FI. II. 157 ; Clarke in Hook. f.

FI. Br. Ind. III. 613.

Penang : Curtis 222, 950, 2267. — Distkib. Burma.

2. Olea makitima, Wall. Cat. 2813 (1829). A large shrub or small

tree ; branchlets terete, pale brown ; innovations minutely pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, euneate or

somewhat rounded at base ; glabrous on both surfaces ; margins entire

or distantly serrate on their upper half ; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in.

broad ; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ; main-nerves

obscure, 7 to 10 pairs, meeting near the margin in a looped intramarginal

nerve; reticulations scanty ; petiole -2 to -3 in. long, minutely pubescent

when young, finally glabrous. Flowers dull white, polygamous, in

slender, minutely pubescent, trichotomous paniculate cymes -with few

branches ; ultimate cymes umbellate, usually -75 to 1 in. long in flower,

up to l - 5 in. long in fruit, rarely axillary, usually extra-axillary ; each

pair of peduncles supported by a pair of ovate lanceolate leafy bracts

•3 to -5 in. long; common peduncles -7 in. long; pedicels -05 to -1 in.

long, bracteoles none. Calyx -05 in. long, minutely rusty-pubescent ;

tube short ; lobes 4, ovate-acute, as long as tube. Corolla campanulate,

■1 to '15 in. long; lobes 4, obtuse, as long as tube, induplicate-valvate,

apparently absent in 2 . Stamens '07 in. long, inserted near the

base of the corolla-tube ; filaments slender ; anthers as long as filaments,

reniform, cells sub-extrorsely dehiscing. Ovary conical ; style none ;

stigma capitate ; cells 2, ovules in each cell pendulous. Drupe

globose, '2 in. in diam., black when ripe, wrinkled when dry ;

exocarp thin, fleshy, endocarp crustaceous. Seed 1, testa very thin,

albumen copious; cotyledons elliptic, nearly -1 in. long; radicle some-

what thick. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 49; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 288;

288 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 612 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II.

547.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

271

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3679 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1022 ; Cuming

2318; Ridley 3284, 10731. Pahang: a common bush on the sandy

heaths, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. III. 319. Singapore :

Wallich 2813 ; Walker 183 ; Ridley 3616a, 8420 ; King's Collector

1138; Murton 62. — Distrib. Malay Islands.

Species Imperfectly Known.

3. Olea platycarpa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree with

spreading branches, reaching 25 to 30 feet in height ; branchlets

stout, pale brown, smooth, marked by the prominent horse-shoe-

shaped scars of fallen leaves. Leaves coriaceous ; obovate - oblong

or oblong-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;

glabrous on both surfaces and with scattered glands ; margins entire,

slightly recurved ; 8 to 14 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad ; midrib very

stout and prominent ; main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, curving upwards to

join in a looped intramarginal nerve close to the margin ; secondary

nerves few ; reticulations irregular, obscure ; petiole 1 in. long, base

enlarged, wrinkled. Flowers dioecious, in extra-axillary, sessile,

paniculate, trichotomous cymes, usually on old wood, 1 to 1'5 in.

long, supported by a cluster of sheathing scarious bracts; bracts of

panicle branches and bracteoles ovate-acute ; pedicels very short, stout,

somewhat angular. Calyx short, ‘05 in. long ; teeth (in 5 flowers)

ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla none in ? , g not seen. Ovary conical,

rugose ; style 0 ; stigma 2-lobed, mitriform. Drupe ovate-oblong,

flattened, -7 in. long, -5 in. broad ; exoearp thick, wrinkled when dry ;

endocarp thick, granular; cells 2. Seed' 1, pendulous from the summit

of the thin central persistent septum ; testa membranous ; albumen

thick, fleshy ; cotyledons ovoid, T5 in. long, radicle rather stout.

Perak: at low levels on the hills, King's Collector 5541, 7649;

Hervey.

The absence of male flowers renders the identification of the genus of this plant

somewhat uncertain, but we consider it belongs rightly to Olea.

4. Olea ardisioides, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree ; branches

slender, terete, with yellowish bark ; branchlets minutely pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous ; lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces ; margins entire, recurved ; 2 to 3 in. long,

•6 to -1 in. broad ; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ;

main-nerves 5 pairs, curving upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal

nerve, obscure ; secondary nerves and reticulations very obscure ;

petiole slender, -1 to -2 in. long. Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary

272

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slender paniculate cymes, 1 to 2 in. long ; rachis somewhat angular,

minutely pubescent ; bracts leafy, lanceolate, - 5 to 1 in. long ; bracteoles

similar or sometimes subulate-spathulate ; pedicels slender, -1 in. long,

reflexed. Calyx-tube very short ; lobes 4, ovate-acute, '025 in. long,

ciliate. Corolla-tube '03 to '05 in. long ; lobes 4, induplicate-valvate,

linear, -1 in. long. Stamens 2, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube,

■05 in. long ; filaments slender ; anthers elliptic, cells dehiscing

laterally, connective mucronate. Ovary conical ; style 0 ; stigma minute,

bifid ; cells 2. Fruit not seen.

Perak: on Gunong Bubu, 5,000 feet, Wray 3871. Pahang : Barnes

10896.

We have hesitated whether to describe this species as Olea or Linodera, for the

corolla-tube is not very long, and the lobes are like those of the latter genus, but the

character of the leaves is distinctly that of Olea.

5. Myxopyrum, Blume.

Large scandent shrubs with quadrangular branches. Leaves oppo-

site, large, triplinerved, entire or denticulate. Flowers small, yellow,

very numerous, in axillary and terminal trichotomous panicles. Calyx-

tube short, lobes 4. Corolla fleshy ; tube urceolate ; lobes 4, concave,

induplicate-valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted on the base of the

corolla-tube ; filaments very short ; anthers rather large, ovate, cells

dehiscing laterally. Ovary 2-celled ; style very short or 0, stigma

2-lobed ; ovules 1 to 2 in each cell, attached near the base at the inner

angle. Fruit a 1-2-seeded sub-globose berry ; pericarp crustaeeous.

Seeds 1 to 4, erect, testa membranous, albumen thick ; cotyledons

flat, ovate, radicle inferior. — Distrib. India and Malaya, 3 species.

Myxopyrum nervosum, Blume Bijdr. 683 (1826). A large climbing

shrub ; branches with fibrous pale brown bark ; branchlets prominently

quadrangular. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or elliptic-

lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at base ; glabrous on

both surfaces ; margins entire or denticulate in the upper half, promi-

nently recurved ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 3'5 in. broad ; midrib thick, pro-

minent beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, the lowest

pair opposite, very prominent, starting a little above the base and form-

ing an intramarginal nerve looped only after where it meets the rest at

about two-thirds of the way up, the next pair not opposite and only

starting from about half the length of the leaf ; secondary nerves few,

reticulations irregular, prominent in dry specimens ; petiole ‘3 to '5 in.

long, often twisted, channelled above, articulate at the base. Flowers

sessile, in terminal or axillary or extra-axillary, trichotomous, minutely

273

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pubescent panicles, P5 to 3 in. long ; rachis angular, swollen at the

nodes ; bracts subulate, recurved, -1 in. long ; bracteoles triangular,

minute. Calyx-tube very short ; lobes 4, triangular, acuminate.

Corolla yellowish- or greenish - white, fleshy ; tube urceolate, '05

to - 1 in. long; lobes oblong, incurved, -05 in. long, induplicate-

valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted on the tube of the corolla ; fila-

ments very short, broad ; anthers ovate, rather large. Ovary ovoid ;

style 0 ; stigma 2-lobed ; cells 2, ovules 2 in each cell, erect from a

minute basal central placenta. Berry ovoid or globose, - 5 to '7 in. in

diam., rough, surmounted by the persistent stigma, blueish-black when

ripe ; cells 2. Seeds 2 to 4, erect on an enlarged placenta at the base

of the central dissepiment ; albumen fleshy, testa membranous. Mus.

Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. 320, t. 51; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 290; Miq. PL Ind.

Bat. II. 549 ; Clarke in Hook. f. PL Br. Ind. III. 618.

Penang : Curtis 2849. Perak : Wray 2139, 2834, 4179 ; Scortechini

532, 5986 ; King’s Collector 3584, 4544, 7392, 8845. Malacca : Main-

gay (K.D.) 996/3 — Distrib. Sumatra (Forbes 1585, in the Lam-

pongs) ; Java.

LONDON

PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN AND CO.

HATTON GARDEN

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OE BENGAL.

Vol. LXXIV., Part #f. — Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.— By Sir George

King, K.C.I.E., LL.D., E.R.S., late Superintendent of the Boyal

Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Gamble, O.I.E., E.R.S.,

late of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 18.

This part contains nine Natural Orders, viz., Nos. 79 Hydrophyllacece

to 85 Lentibulariacece inclusive, as well as Nos. 87 Bignoniacece and 88

Pedalinece. The whole part is the work of Lieut.-Col. D. Prain, I.M.S.,

F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, with the

exception of Boraginece, which has been done by Sir George King,

and Hydrophyllacece and Bignoniacece, which have been done by

Mr. Gamble.

The nine Orders dealt with contain 53 genera and 150 species : of

the species none are here described for the first time.

Natural Order No. 86 Gesneracece will follow later on with the

three Orders, 75 Apocynacece, 76 Asclepiadacea, and 77 Loganiacece ,

the preparation of which is not yet quite complete.

Order LXXIX. HYDROPHYLLACEiE.

Annual or perennial herbaceous plants. Leaves radical or alternate,

rarely opposite, entire or dentate, simple or pinnately or palmately

lobed. Flowers usually unilaterally sub-sessile on the branches of a

bifid or dichotomous scorpioid cyme, or else pedunculate in the axils

or on the summits of the branches ; regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx

276

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

inferior, with 5 or occasionally many equal imbricate lobes. Corolla

gamopetalous, funnel-shaped cup-shaped campanulate or rotate ;

lobes S, rarely many, imbricate or sometimes twisted. Stamens as

many as the corolla-lobes, alternate with them, usually fixed to the

base of the tube, exsert or included ; filaments filiform, sometimes

dilated or appendiculate at base ; anthers ovate, oblong or linear, dorsi-

fixed ; cells 2, parallel, dehiscing introrsely with longitudinal clefts.

Ovary superior, sometimes unilocular, with 2 free or parietal placentas,

sometimes more or less completely 2-celled with fleshy placentas adnate

to the septum ; styles either 1 filiform bifid or undivided, or 2 distinct

from the base ; stigmas terminal, small or capitate ; ovules 2 to many

in each cell. Capsule loculicidally, sometimes septicidally, bi-valved,

the placentas if parietal attached to the valves, if central remaining free.

Seeds usually oblong, globose or angular, 2 to many on each placenta ;

testa reticulate or wrinkled, rarely smooth ; albumen fleshy, embryo

small, erect ; cotyledons plano-convex or semi-terete. — Distrib. About

150 species, chiefly American, very few in the Old World.

Hydrolea, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, alternate. Flowers blue, in

short terminal cymes or racemes. Calyx divided nearly to the base,

segments lanceolate. Corolla widely campanulate, sub-rotate, lobes

imbricate. Stamens 5, attached to the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform,

sometimes dilated at base ; anthers sagittate. Ovary completely

2- celled, with fleshy placentas adnate to the dissepiment ; styles 2,

rarely 3, distinct, filiform ; stigmas capitellate ; ovules many in each

cell, multi-seriate. Capsule globose or ovoid, septicidal, usually 2-,

rarely 3- or 4-valved. Seeds minute, irregularly wrinkled. — Distrib.

About 14 species, chiefly American, with one Chinese, one of tropical

Africa, and one of India and Malaya.

Hydrolea zeylanica, Vahl Symb. II. 46 (1791). An annual herb ;

stems nearly glabrous below, glandular pubescent above, soft, somewhat

succulent, often rooting, always straggling. Leaves membranous ;

lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, attenuate above and below ; -5 to 2 in.

long, -2 to -5 in. broad ; glabrous or slightly pubescent ; petiole none or

very short and winged by the decurrent blade. Floivers in racemes on

short lateral leafy branches. Calyx-lobes acute, glandular-pubescent,

3- nerved, about - 3 in. long. Corolla-lobes ovate, -2 in. long, many-nerved,

blue. Stamens with sagittate, often twisted anthers, and filaments dilated

at base. Capsule shorter than the calyx-lobes, ovoid, 2-lobed ; placentas

central, adherent at their backs to the dissepiment. Seeds very many,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

277

oblong, obtuse, testa very faintly wrinkled. Lamk 111. t. 184 ; Wall.

Cat. 4398; W. & A. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. II. 193, t. 26; Wight

111. t. 167, and Ie. t. 601 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. X. 180 ; Dalz. & Gibs.

Bomb. PI. 170 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 633 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br.

Ind. IV. 133; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 191. Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 197;

Prain Beng. Plants 711. H. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 725. Nama

zeylanica, Linn. Sp. PI. 226 ; Boxb. FI. Ind. II. 73. “ Tsjeru Vallel,”

Bheede Hort. Mai. X. t. 28.

Peeak : Wray 2571, 3336; Scortechini ; Biclley 2906 ; King's Col-

lector 391, 2577. — Disteib. Throughout India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam,

Java, Malaya, China, the Philippines; also in Australia, tropical Africa

and America, in wet places and rice-fields.

Order LXXX. BOKAGINEiE.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often conspicuously hispid or scabrous.

Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite, ex-stipulate, usually entire,

rarely in verticils. Flowers usually in scorpioid dichotomous cymes,

sometimes trichotomously paniculate, rarely solitary and axillary,

bracteate or not, hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, 5-lobed (rarely 6- to

8-lobed), the lobes imbricate, rarely valvate, usually persistent in fruit.

Corolla gamopetalous, of various forms, often with scales in the throat ;

the limb 5-lobed (rarely 4- to 6-lobed), the lobes imbricate, rarely

twisted. Stamens as many as the lobes and alternate with them,

inserted on the tube ; anthers ovate to linear, introrse ; filaments

slender, often dilated at the base. Disk under the ovary or obsolete.

Ovary superior, sessile, cells 2 with 2 ovules in each, or 4 with 1 ovule

in each ; style terminal or from the depression between the lobes of the

ovary, long or short ; stigma entire and capitate or 2-lobed, the style

rarely twice bifid ; ovules sub-erect from the basal angle of the cell.

Fruit drupaceous with a hard 2- to 4-celled endocarp or dividing into

2 or 4 nutlets with thin or fleshy walls. Seeds erect or oblique, with

membranous testa and fleshy albumen or ex-albuminous ; embryo

curved or straight, radicle superior. — Disteib. Universal. Species

about 1,500.

Styles twice partite ; drupe 4-1-seeded ; trees or shrubs ; calyx

enlarging in fruit .. .. .. .. .. 1 . Ooedia.

Styles simple or only l)i-partite ; rarely ( Coldenia ) 2 or more and

distinct ; drupe including two 2-seeded or four 1-seeded pyrenes ;

calyx only slightly or not at all enlarged in fruit : — *

Styles depressed-conical at the apex or with a horizontal ring

below or at the stigmas : — •

278 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Styles short, shortly 2-lobed ; pyrenes two 2-seedetl ; herbs

or shrubs

Styles elongated, dilated at the apex ; pyrenes four 1-seeded,

much resembling nutlets ; herbs

Styles elongated, not dilated or annular at the apex, more or

less bi-partite : —

Styles 2-fid at the apex ; pyrenes two 2-seeded, or four

1-seeded ; trees or shrubs

Styles more or less separate, distinct at base and apex,

united but easily separable in the middle ; pyrenes four

1-seeded, much resembling nutlets ; prostrate herbs

2. Tournefortia.

3. Heliotropiusi.

4. Ehretia.

5. CoLDENIA.

1. Coedia, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, petiolate.

Flowers in dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches, or corymbose

or in clusters, ebracteate, polygamous, the £ fewer than the $ . Calyx

tubular or campanulate, usually with short and often irregular teeth,

accrescent in fruit. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped or campanulate ;

the lobes of the limb 4 to 8, spreading or recurved, white or orange.

Stamens as many as the lobes; anthers sagittate or hastate, shortly

exserted; filaments often hairy near the base. Ovary 4-celled, gla-

brous ; style terminal, long, bi-partite, the branches again bifid, linear

or sub-spathulate, cells of ovary 1-ovuled. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid,

surrounded by the enlarged calyx ; the putamen bony, with 1 to 4 cells,

but one only with a fertile seed. Seed exalbuminous, the cotyledons

large and fleshy or thin but always plicate. — Distkib. About 280'

species, all tropical.

Flowers about 1-5 in. long . . . . . . .. 1. C. subcordata.

Flowers less than -5 in. long : —

Leaves broadly ovate, sub-acute or obtuse, the base often cordate 2. C. Myxa.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate . . 3. C. Griffithii.

1. Coedia subcordata, Lamk 111. 1899 (1792). A small tree ; young

branches as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, pale brown when dry.

Leaves membranous ; broadly ovate or ovate-rotund, the apex acute, the

base broadly rounded or sub-cordate ; both surfaces brown when dry,

the lower paler, harshly and minutely reticulate ; main-nerves 4 or 5

pairs, faint on both surfaces when dry; length 3 -5 to 65 in., breadth

2'5 to 4 in. ; petiole 1'25 to 2 in. Corymbs lateral, few-flowered,

shorter than the leaves, glaberulous ; pedicels -25 in. long. Calyx

cylindric, slightly widening towards the mouth, -4 in. long and nearly

■2 in. wide at the middle, glabrous ; the limb with 3 broad triangular

teeth. Corolla about l - 3 in. long, orange or reddish, funnel-shaped ;

lobes about 6, broad, spreading, as long as the tube. Stamens 6.

279

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stigma with linear-spathulate branches. Fruit very bony, pyramidal,

its apex acute, with 4 bold angles, the spaces between the angles often

with large tubercles, 1 in. long and as much in breadth from angle to

angle, usually with 1 or more seeds ; entirely enveloped in the much-

inflated glabrous accrescent apiculate calyx. Wall. Cat. 9063 ; DC.

Prod. IX. 477 ; Seem. PI. Yiti, t. 34 ; Benth. PI. Austral. IV. 385 ;

Ivurz Por. PI. Burrn. II. 209 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. PL Br. Ind. IV. 140 ;

Miq. PL Ind. Bat. II. 914. C. orientalis, R. Br. Prod. 498. C. cam-

panulata, Roxb. Pl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 336. C. Bumphii,

Blume Bijdr. 843. G. hexandra, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 799.

Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. t. 75.

Perak : Scortacliini 1084. Dindings : Curtis 3447 . Kedah -.Ridley

5526. Pahang : Ridley 2158. — Distrib. British India, Malay Archi-

pelago, Australia, Sandwich Islands. Widely cultivated in other places.

2. Cordia Myxa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 190 (1753). A tree, 40 to 50 feet

high ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, glabrous. Leaves thinly

coriaceous ; broadly ovate, apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base slightly

cordate ; upper surface when dry dark brown, glabrous, faintly reticu-

late ; the lower paler brown, distinctly and minutely reticulate, the

transverse veins very prominent, glabrous except for some pubescence

on the midrib and 5 or 6 pairs of curved ascending main-nerves ; length

3 to 3'75 in., breadth 2 to 2'75 in. ; petioles '75 to 1'25 in. Cymes

trichotomous, shorter than the leaves, terminal. Male and female

flowers often in the same tree, mostly 5-merous. Calyx campanulate,

more than - 25 in. long, glabrous, smooth outside, silky inside. Corolla

with its tube included in the calyx, the lobes projecting and '15 in.

long, reflexed ; style in the 2 flowers short, 4-cleft, absent in the

S . Fruit ellipsoid, with acute apex and rounded base, compressed,

with 3 or 4 angles (one or more of them indistinct), '75 in. long and

■4 in. broad, 2- or more-seeded ; the persistent accrescent calyx

leathery with strong vertical reticulations, widely campanulate, its

mouth with shallow irregular crenations, length -25 in., width '4 to

■5 in. DC. Prod. IX. 479 ; Delile PL -®gypt. t. 19, fig. 1 ; Roxb. PL

Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., II. 232; Wall. Cat. 889; Wight 111. t. 169;

Benth. FI. Austral. IV. 386 ; Bedd. Pl. Sylv. t. 245, fig. A ; Brandis

Por. FI. 336 (in part); Kurz Por. PL Burm. II. 208; Boiss. FI. Or. IV.

124; Miq. PL Ind. Bat. II. 915; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. IV.

136 ; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 193 ; Cooke FI. Bomb. II. 199 ; Pram Beng.

Plants 714. C. Myxa, var. h. minor only, Thw. Enum. PL Zeyl. 214.

C. indica, Lamk Diet. VII. 49 ; DC. Prod. IX. 500. C. officinalis and

C. africana, Lamk 111. II. 420, and t. 96, fig. 3. C. Sesbestena, Forsk.

FI. Aeg.-Arab. LXIII. C. paniculata , Roth Nov. Spec. 124; DC. Prod.

280

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

IX. 482. Sebestena officinalis, Gaertn. Fruet. I. 364, t. 76. Eliretia

glabra, Eoth Nov. Spec. 127 ; DC. Prod. IX. 510. Bcurreria glabra,

G. Don Gen. Syst. 390.

Malacca and Singapore : probably introduced. — Distrib. Tropics

of the Old World.

3. Coedia Griffithii, Clarke in Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. IY. 139 (1883).

A small tree ; young branches about as thick as a crow-quill, puberulous,

pale and angled when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous ; ovate-lanceolate,

acute or acuminate, the base slightly cuneate ; both surfaces brown

when dry (the lower the paler), minutely reticulate, glabrous ; main-

nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curved, ascending ; length 1'5 to 3 '5 in., breadth

1 to l - 75 in. ; petioles -65 to 1-25 in. Cymes slender, 2-5 to 4 in. long

(including their peduncles), dichotomous, lax, few-flowered, puberu-

lous. Flowers '4 in. long, almost sessile. Calyx ‘25 in. long, funnel-

shaped ; the mouth wide, oblique, and with 5 irregular short teeth.

Corolla funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx ; the limb longer

than the tube, deeply divided into 5 narrowly elliptic reflexed lobes.

Stamens 5, attached to the throat of the tube ; anthers oblong, ex-

serted ; filaments unequal in length, flattened below. Ovary obovoid,

smooth, 4-eelled, ovules solitary in each cell ; style thin and cylindric

above, swollen in its lower half, exserted.

Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 5997 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1162 ; Ridley 4561.

Selangor : Ridley 7373. Kedah : King’s Collector 1742.

2. Tournefortia, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes almost herbs, and often sub-scandent.

Leaves alternate, entire. Cymes scorpioid, dichotomous, usually ter-

minal, rarely lateral or extra-axillary. Floivers small, numerous,

crowded, sessile or on short pedicels, ebracteate. Calyx deeply 4- or

5-partite, the segments ovate or lanceolate. Corolla white or greenish ;

the tube cylindric, naked in the throat ; the lobes of the limb 5 or 4,

small, spreading. Stamens 5 or 4, included in the tube ; anthers

oblong-ovate or lanceolate, apiculate or not ; filaments short. Ovary

4-celled ; style terminal, short, 2-lobed (in the Indo-Malayan species) ;

ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the upper inner part of the cell.

Drupe small, ovoid, slightly fleshy or leathery, indistinctly separating

into two 2-seeded or into four 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds straight or

curved, pendulous, albuminous ; embryo straight or curved. — Distrib.

About 130 species, in the tropics of both hemispheres.

Tournefortia Wallichii, DC. Prod. IX. 527 (1845). A climber, 10

to 30 feet long ; young branches terete, twice as thick as a crow’s-quill,

minutely rusty-puberulous, becoming glabrous. Leaves thickly mem-

281

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branous ; ovate, the apex acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded,,

slightly oblique ; both surfaces when dry brown, the upper quite

glabrous, the lower paler, reticulate, sometimes with a few small hairs

on the nerves ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, depressed

like the midrib on the upper surface, prominent on the lower ; length

2 to 3-5 in., breadth -75 to 1'75 in. ; petioles -3 to -4 in. Cymes ter-

minal and lateral (extra- axillary), on long peduncles, dichotomously

branched, sub-glabrous. Flowers - 3 to '4 in. long, sessile, forming

crowded one-sided pseudo-spikes (scorpioid cymes) on the terminal

inch or two of the branches of the cymes. Calyx about ‘05 in. long,

only about a sixth or a seventh as long as the corolla, cleft nearly to the

base into 4 broadly triangular acute spreading segments. Corolla-tube

4-angled ; the limb short, with 4 ovate teeth, glabrous. Anthers 4,

oblong, sessile or nearly so, near the throat. Fruit broadly ovoid,

•15 to ‘2 in. long, with 4 vertical grooves (2 of them deep) on the sides,

and a depression on the apex. Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 147.

T. tetrandra, Wall. Cat. 911 ( not of Blume). Tatrandra Wallichii, Miq.

FI. Ind. Bat. II. 928.

Singapore : Maingay (K.D.) 1165, 8041 ; King’s Collector 302.

Perak: Wray 3536; Ridley 2431; King's Collector 3335, 5158

Scortechini 1494. — Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

3. Heliotropium, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, very hairy or scabrous. Leaves alter-

nate. Flowers small, white, or pale purple, sometimes in terminal

dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches and small or no bracts,

sometimes axillary in the axils of large bracts. Calyx divided into

5 linear or lanceolate segments. Corolla with a cylindric tube and limb

of various shapes, the lobes of the latter always imbricate or induplicate

in bud, spreading in flower. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the tube

by short filaments ; anthers ovate-oblong or lanceolate. Ovary com-

pletely or imperfectly 4-celled, 4-ovulate ; style short or long, terminal,

with a depressed conical or flat disk on its apex ; stigma above the disk,

none or short or elongate, entire or rarely bifid. Fruit dry, 2- to

4-grooved or -lobed, and consisting of 4 nutlets free from the beginning

or finally becoming so. Seeds straight or curved ; albumen none, small

or large; cotyledons plano-convex.— Distrib. Species about 225,

widely distributed in both hemispheres.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1-5 to 2-5 in. long . .

Leaves linear, '5 to 1 in. long . .

1. H. indie urn.

2. H. strigosum.

1. Heliotropium indioum, Linn. Sp. PL 130 (1753). Herbaceous,

282

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

but woody at the base, a foot or two in height, with few branches ;

the branches, lower parts of the inflorescence, and the petioles with

white stiff hairs. Leaves membranous, greenish-brown when dry ;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly inequilateral, the apex usually acute,

the base rounded, irregularly cordate, often unequally so ; both surfaces

with some scattered long white hairs ; the lower surface pale and

faintly reticulate when dry ; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, rather straight,

ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface; length 1'5 to

2-5 in., breadth -75 to 2 in. ; petioles - 4 to 1'5 in. Cymes scorpioid,

terminal and lateral (extra-axillary), about 2 in. long (lengthening with

age to 5 or 6 in.), on peduncles about 1 in. long ; the rachises hispid,

compressed when dry. Flowers about - 15 in. long, sessile, numerous.

Calyx about -05 in. long, deeply divided into 5 narrowly lanceolate

sub-erect hispid segments. Corolla tubular, slightly dilated at the base;

the limb with 5 broad blunt reflexed lobes ; anthers 5, included,

inserted about the middle of the tube. Fruit -1 in. long, conical, with

an apical beak and with 4 bold vertical ridges and 4 faint ones, glabrous

naturally separating into 2 halves, each half consisting of 2 cohering

pyriform pyrenes with long beaks and a single large sub-quadrate

white seed. Eoxb. PI. Ind. I. 454 ; Bot. Mag. 1. 1837 ; Clarke in Hook,

fil. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 152 ; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 200 ; Cooke FI. Bomb.

II. 207 ; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. anisophyllum, Beauv. FI. Ow. et

Ben. II. 62, t. 96. Tiaridium indicum, Lehm. Asperifol. 14 ; Wall. Cat.

913 ; Wight 111. t. 171. T. anisophyllum, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 364.

Heliophyllum indicum, DC. Prod. IX. 556 ; Fresen. in Mart. FI. Brasil,

fasc. 22, 48, t. 10, fig. 4 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 925. H. velutinum, DC.

l.c. 557.

Singapore : King's Collector 318 ; Hullctt 21. Pahang : Bulley

1547. Penang : Deschamps. Perak : Scortechini 163. — Distrib. India,

Malaya, E. Asia, tropical Africa and America.

2. Heliotropium steigosum, Willd. Sp. PI. I. 743 (1797). Herbace-

ous, woody at the base, erect, a foot high, the branches few, slender,

long, not spreading, very strigose, like all the rest of the plant. Leaves

linear, -5 to 1 in. long, very narrow, becoming smaller upwards.

Flowers under -1 in. long ; their pedicels longer, sub-opposite to a linear

bract or often extra-axillary. Sepals ovate-acute, enlarging in fruit.

Corolla salver-shaped ; stigma narrowly conical. Fruit depressed,

4-lobed, under T in. broad, glabrous and shining, sometimes with a few

small hairs. DC. Prod. IX. 546 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. IV.

151 ; Boiss. FI. Orient. IV. 143 ; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. brevi-

folium, Wall. Cat. 914 ; Wall, in Boxb. FI. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 2;

DC. l.c. 546. H compactum, Don Prod. 101.

283

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

In all the provinces, by waysides, not common. — D isteib. From

W. Asia through India to Australia.

4. Ehbetia, Linn.

Glabrous or scabrous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire or

dentate. Floivers small, usually white, in axillary or terminal corymbs

or panicles, rarely on 1-flowered axillary peduncles. Calyx small,

5-partite. Corolla with short cylindrie tube ; the limb with 5 obtuse

imbricate spreading lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube, exserted,

rarely included, ovate or oblong. Ovary 2-celled, the cells bi-ovulate ;

sometimes imperfectly 4-eelled and the cells with solitary ovules ; style

terminal, cylindrie, bifid or bi -partite ; stigmas small, capitate or

clavate. Drupe small, usually globose, 4-seeded or (by suppression)

1-3-seeded ; usually dividing into 2 bilocular or into 4 unilocular,

often compressed pyrenes. Seeds straight, with little albumen and thin

testa. — D isteib. About 55 species, all tropical, chiefly in the Old

World.

Leaves ovate to elliptie-oblong, shortly acuminate, with about 5 pairs

of main-nerves . . . . . . . . . . 1. E. Icevis.

Leaves obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse retuse or sub-aoute, with

7 or 8 pairs of main-nerves . . . . . . . . 2. E. parallela.

1. Ehretia l^ivis, Eoxb. Cor. PI. I. 42, t. 55; var. timorensis,

Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. IY. 142 (1883). A small tree ; young

branches rusty-puberulous, becoming ultimately glabrous, dark coloured

when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous ; ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly

acuminate, the base slightly cuneate or sometimes rounded ; both sur-

faces glabrous, brown when dry, the lower paler and reticulate ; main-

nerves about 5 pairs, rather straight, ascending slightly, thin but

prominent on the lower surface like the midrib ; length 2’5 to 5 in.,

breadth 1'25 to 2-25 in. ; petioles about - 4 in. Cymes axillary and ter-

minal, shorter than the leaves, corymbose, puberulous ; the ultimate

branches scorpioid. Floivers small, numerous, sessile. Calyx less

than -1 in. long, its mouth with 5 oblong lobes. Corolla-tube '1 in.

long; the lobes 5, shorter and spreading. Anthers exserted. Fruit

when 4-seeded about 2 in. in diam., smaller when 2-seeded, depressed-

globose, ribbed ; pyrenes 4 or 2, sometimes only 1, each with a single

seed ; the persistent calyx much shorter than the fruit, its lobes acumi-

nate. E. timorensis, Dene, in Nouv. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. III. 395 ;

DC. Prod. IX. 505. E. philippinensis, DC.I.c. 504. E. Icevis, Benth.

FI. Austral. IV. 389.

Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1164; Bidley 3302. Peeak : Scortechini

284

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

167, 898 ; King’s Collector 7436, 8344. — Distrib. Burma, Griffith (K.D.)

6002, Malay Archipelago, Australia.

2. Ehretia parallela, Clarke in Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. IV. 143

(1883). A shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous ; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale when dry. Leaves membranous ;

obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse, from refuse to sub-acute, cuneate at

the base ; both surfaces dark brown when dry ; main-nerves 7 or 8

pairs, scarcely curved, ascending, parallel, very bold and distinct on the

lower surface like the midrib (when dry), faint on the upper ; length

L5 to 1-75 in., breadth -75 to 1 in. ; petiole ‘25 in. Inflorescence,

flowers, and fruit as in E. Icevis, Boxb., var. timorensis, but smaller.

Penang : Curtis 1572. — Distrib. Burma, Gh’iffith (K.D.) 6004.

5. Coldenia, Linn.

Much-branched, diffuse or prostrate scabrous herbs. Leaves alter-

nate, crisped. Floivers small, axillary, sessile or sub-sessile ; the upper

sometimes in a short one-sided bracteate cyme. Calyx 4-5-partite.

Corolla with short funnel-shaped tube and 4 or 5 spreading segments

imbricate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the tube ; anthers ovate.

Ovary broadly ovoid, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, or imperfectly

4-celled with 1 in each ; styles 2, distinct at the base but united upwards

(although easily separable) ; stigmas 2, capitate. Fruit almost dry,

composed of 4 sub-connate 1-seeded pyrenes ; seeds with thin testa and

little if any albumen ; the cotyledons plane. — Distrib. Species 12,

10 of which are American, 1 African, and the undernoted which is

cosmopolitan.

Coldenia procumbens, Linn. Sp. PI. 125 (1753). A scabrous-hairy

prostrate herb. Leaves elliptic-obovate, coarsely and deeply serrate,

almost pinnatifid. Fruit, prior to disintegration into its component

pyrenes, pyramidal. Gaertn. Eruct. I. 329, t. 68 ; Lamk 111. t. 69 ;

Eoxb. FI. Ind. I. 448 ; Wall. Cat. 942 ; DC. Prod. IX. 558 ; Miq. FI. Ind.

Bat. II. 933 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 144 ; Trimen FI.

Ceyl. III. 197 ; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 205 ; Prain Beng. Plants 718.

Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. IX. 21.

Waltheria microphylla, Miq. in PL Hohenack. n. 87b ( not of Cav.).

By waysides, not common. — Distrib. Everywhere in the tropics.

Order LXXXI. C O N VO L V U LACEZE.

[By D. Prain.]

Herbs or shrubs, usually twining, occasionally erect ; very rarely

trees ; sometimes parasitic. Leaves alternate or in parasitic species

285

Flora of the, Malayan Peninsula.

obsolete ; stipules 0. Flowers in cymes, rarely solitary, regular,

hermaphrodite ; bracts at cyme-bases or under solitary flowers oppo-

site ; bracteoles at base of pedicels small, scale-like. Sepals 5,

imbricate, occasionally slightly connate below, often persistent, some-

times accrescent. Corolla campanulate or infundibuliform, rarely

sub-rotate ; limb with 5 short or long lobes often plicate in bud, after

flowering either involute or reverting to the original aestivation.

Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube ; anthers oblong, opening by longitu-

dinal introrse or lateral slits. Carpels usually 2, very rarely 3 or more ;

connate throughout in a superior ovary with its base often encircled

by an annular or lobed disk, and its cells as many or, by development

of accessory partitions, twice as many as the component carpels, rarely,

from absorption of dissepiments, fewer than carpels ; ovules 2 in each

carpel, sessile erect anatropous ; style solitary or rarely styles 2 ;

stigma capitate or 2-lobed or 2-fid. Fruit an indehiscent often dry

berry, or a 2-4-valved or circumscissile or irregularly opening capsule.

Seeds 4 to 2, rarely solitary, erect ; albumen scanty or 0 ; cotyledons

generally plicate, rarely flat. — Distkib. Species about 1,000, in all

regions, but more abundant in sub-tropical and tropical countries.

Corolla-tube usually uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the

5 bands or lobes rarely, except in Eryeibe, clearly defined from

the intervening spaces ; pollen not spinulose : —

Yellow parasitic twining leafless herbs . .

Green non-parasitie leafy herbs, shrubs or trees : —

Fruit indehiscent, woody or fleshy, rather large ; style short

or 0 ; stigma 5-10-rayed ; corolla-lobes 2-fid, the lobules

induplicate, contorted ; woody, climbing shrubs or erect trees

Fruit dehiscent, or if indehiscent small, with thin fragile

walls : —

Flowers in racemes or panicles —

Bracts not enlarged in fruit ; outer 3 or all of the sepals

enlarged in fruit ; style entire or shortly 2-lobed ; capsule

indehicent or rarely 2-valved

Bracts in fruit much enlarged, scarious, adnate to calyx ;

sepals not enlarged ; capsule 4-valved, 1-seeded

Flowers in cymes or solitary ; capsule valvate or opercular,

rarely dehiscing irregularly : —

Styles 2, free or partially united below ; sepals not or

slightly enlarging in fruit : —

Capsule 4-valved, 2-1-locular, 4-2-seeded ; styles quite

free, each 2-branched ; cymes few-flowered

Capsule irregularly dehiscent, splitting into numerous

vertical segments; styles usually partially united below,

stigmas capitate ; cymes sub-capitate

Style entire, stigmas usually 2 : —

Ovary 1-locular; capsule 4-valved, 4-seeded ; stigmas

shortly oblong ; calyx-lobes not enlarged in fruit :

1. Cuscuta.

2. Ebycibe.

3. Bolt ANA.

4. Neuboeeltis.

5. Evolvclus.

6. Bonamia.

286

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bract enveloping the calyx ; pollen spherical . . 7. Calystegia.

Bract not enveloping the calyx ; pollen polyhedral . . 8. Hewittia.

Ovary 2-locular, sometimes 4-locular : —

Outer 3 sepals much larger than the 2 inner, and

decurrent on the peduncle ; stigmas capitate . . 9. Aniseia.

Outer 3 sepals not larger than the 2 inner, and not

deeurrent on the peduncle : —

Stigmas elliptic ; capsule 8-valved, rarely 4-valved 10. Jacquejiontia.

Stigmas globose : —

Capsule 4-valved ; fruiting sepals not enlarged ;

bands of corolla usually with 5 purple lines ;

stems not winged . . . . . . 11. Meeeemia.

Capsule with circumseissile dehiscence ; fruiting

sepals considerably enlarged ; bands of corolla

without lines ; stems winged .. ..12. Opebculina.

Corolla-tube not uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the

S bands on the lobes clearly defined by 2 prominent lines ; pollen

spinulose : —

Bruit dehiscent, or if indehiscent then with thin fragile walls : —

Stamens arising from the backs of 5 scales attached to

the corolla-tube ; flowers small urceolate, fasciculate ; fruit

4-valved . . . . . . . . . . 13. Lepistemon.

Stamens arising directly from the corolla-tube : —

Corolla more or less eampanulate ; calyx-lobes never

aristate, inflorescence never scorpioid ; stamens not ex-

serted . . . . . . . . . . 14. Ipomoea.

Corolla more or less hypoerateriform ; calyx-lobes aristate,

or if obtuse the inflorescence scorpioid ; stamens exserted : —

Blowers rather small, pink or red, slightly irregular . . 15. Quamoolit.

Flowers large white, regular . . . . . . 16. Calonyction.

Fruit indehiscent, coriaceous or fleshy : —

Ovary 4-celled . . .. .. .. . . 17. Aegybeia.

Ovary 2-celled . . . . . . . . . . 18. Lettsomia.

1. Cuscuta, Linn.

Leafless twining yellow-reddish parasitic herbs. Flowers small,

white or rose-coloured, fascicled, sessile or shortly pedicelled ; bracts

small or 0. Sepals 5 or 4, sub-equal; free or shortly connate at the base.

Corolla ovoid or eampanulate, usually with a ring of fimbriate or lobed

scales near the base or below the stamens ; lobes short, imbricate.

Stamens 5 or 4, adnate near throat of corolla ; filaments short, linear ;

anthers oblong, partially exserted. Ovary more or less completely

2-celled ; ovules 4 ; styles 2 or 1 ; stigmas 2. Fruit a globose or ovoid,

dry or succulent, circumseissile or irregularly bursting 4-2-seeded

capsule. Seeds glabrous ; albumen fleshy ; embryo slender, spiral ;

cotyledons minute or obsolete. — Distbib. Species about 80, in tempe-

rate and tropical regions.

Cuscuta Hygbophilie, H. H. W. Pears, in Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 2704.

287

Flora of the. Malayan Peninsula.

A small slender parasitic twiner. Floiuers in dense umbellate cymes,

•25 in. wide. Sepals ovate obtuse, connate below, -1 in. long. Corolla

•15 in. wide, campanulate; lobes ovate obtuse. Stamens 5, shortly

exserted. Scales near base of corolla-tube shortly fimbriate. Ovary

obtuse, more or less perfectly 2-celled ; ovules 4 ; styles 2 ; stigmas

capitate. Fruit an oblate capsule, -15 in. wide.

Johoee : near the town, parasitic on Hygrophila quadrivalvis,

Ridley 9161 !

Closely related to C. chinensis, from which it differs in having the sepals without

keels, and of which the writer believes it to be a form.

2. Ebycibe, Eoxb.

Shrubs, scandent or diffuse, less often erect ; rarely trees. Leaves

alternate, elliptic, entire, coriaceous. Floivers rather small ; cymes in

axillary or terminal panicles or racemes ; bracts lanceolate, small.

Sepals 5, small, sub-equal, orbicular, coriaceous, adpressed to base of

fruit. Corolla rather small, white or yellowish, sub-rotate ; tube hirsute

externally ; limb 5-lobed, the lobes obcordate, induplicate-contorted in

bud, with a thicker triangular centre externally hirsute, and sub-

membranous semicordate margins glabrous on both sides. Stamens

5, sub-included, adnate to throat of corolla ; filaments short ; anthers

ovate-lanceolate. Ovary globose, 1-celled ; ovules 4 ; stigma large,

sessile, sub-globose or conic, 5- or 10-ridged. Fruit a fleshy, leathery

or woody berry, ovoid or ellipsoid. Seed solitary, glabrous ; albumen

scanty, intruded between folds of fleshy cotyledons. — D istbib. Species

about 30; throughout S.E. Asia.

Leaves more or less pubescent beneath : —

Pubescence on under surfaces of leaves persistent : —

Branches angular ; bark fissured ; pubescence on under side

of leaves black, closely adpressed ; leaves with acuminate

tips, the lateral nerves in 5 pairs, obliquely ascending,

hardly visible above . . . . . . 1. E. strigosa.

Branches cylindric ; bark not fissured : pubescence on under

surface of leaves not adpressed, brown or tawny ; leaves

obtuse, the lateral nerves in 12 to 15 pairs, spreading not very

oblique ; fruit velvety . . . . ■ ■ 2. E. magnijica.

Pubescence on under surface of leaves usually disappearing,

except from the midrib, as the leaves become old ; branches

with fissured bark : —

Blowers in pyramidal terminal panicles, the panicle branches

subtended by foliaceous bracts . . ■ . . . 3. E. expansa.

Flowers in axillary cymes, or if passing into' a terminal

panicle the panicle branches not subtended by foliaceous

bracts : —

288

Flora oj the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers often passing into a terminal panicle; corolla

greenish ; fruit ellipsoid, black, -6 in. long, -35 in. wide . .

Flowers all axillary; corolla white ; fruit ellipsoid, purple,

with a faint apical areola, -75 in. long, '5 in. wide

Leaves quite glabrous on both surfaces : —

Flowers in both terminal and axillary panicles ; leaves with

lateral nerves distinct, but secondary venation indistinct

Flowers always axillary : —

Leaves small, never exceeding 1-75 in. long, sub-bifarious ;

flowers solitary, axillary . .

Leaves medium to large, very rarely, and never all, less

than 2 in. long, arranged spirally ; flowers never solitary : — ■

Lateral nerves of leaves distinct and secondary reticulate

venation distinct on both surfaces, or at least beneath : —

Lateral nerves of leaves 7 to 9 pairs

Lateral nerves of leaves 6 or fewer pairs : —

Fruit quite glabrous

Fruit finely velvety

Lateral nerves of leaves indistinct, secondary venation not

visible : —

Corolla rufous-pubescent internally as well as ex-

ternally . .

Corolla glabrous internally : —

Flowers densely glomerate in leaf axils ; leaves pale

waxy greenish-yellow beneath

Flowers in short but open axillary cymes : — -

Leaves thickly coriaceous ; fruit verrucose but not

scurfy externally

Leaves sub-coriaceous ; fruit scurfy but not verru-

cose externally . .

4. E. Princei.

5. E. malaccensis.

6. E. angulata.

7. E. leucoxyloides.

8. E. festiva.

9. E. sapotacea.

10. E Stapjiana.

11. E. preecipua.

12. E. glomerata.

13. E. aenea.

14. E. Griffithii.

1. Ekycibe strigosa, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXY. 2. 536.

A climber 40 to 60 feet long, with stems 1 to 2 in. in diam. ; branches

slightly angled with fissured bark, and except along the fissures densely

clothed with black adpressed tomentum ; branchlets angular with black

adpressed tomentum. Leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate,

apex rather long acuminate, with tip obtuse ; 3 to 4 in. long, 1'5 to

l - 75 in. wide; thinly coriaceous; dark green, quite glabrous above,

brownish-black and densely covered with black adpressed tomentum

beneath ; lateral nerves 5 pairs, oblique, distinct beneath not visible above,

secondary venation indistinct beneath not visible above ; petiole

•75 to 1 in. long, with close adpressed black tomentum. Flowers in

few-flowered cymes, '25 in. across, disposed in narrow axillary panicles

3 to 6 in. long, -5 in. wide ; main-rachis angular, densely rusty-pubescent,

the peduncles of individual cymes '25 in. long or less, densely rusty-

pubescent, as are the linear deciduous bracteoles '15 in. long, and the

very short pedicels. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla white,

•3 in. across (but not quite fully opened), the lobes spreading, glabrous

289

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

within; interlobular spaces brown tomentose externally; lobules ovate,

their margins sub-entire. Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737.

Pebak : Tbaipeng, 500 to 800 feet elevation ; King’s Collector 8461 !

2. Erycibe magnifiga, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXXIII.

2. 18. A strong creeper 80 to 100 feet long, stem 2 to 3 in. in diam. ;

old branches '75 in. in diam. still densely tomentose, quite cylindric, with

large pith ; brancblets -3 in. in diam., densely velvety with a tawny

to rusty matted tomentum. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate, with

a narrowly tnmcate or rounded base, and an obtuse or sometimes

retuse apex, the margin strongly revolute ; 8 to 10 in. long, 3-5 to 4 in.

wide ; coriaceous ; upper surface quite glabrous, dark green and shining

with sometimes a silvery, sometimes a rich coppery sheen ; under

surface velvety, pale brownish-green, the tomentum longer, looser, and

sometimes whitish on the main-nerves ; lateral nerves rather straight,

spreading, 12 to 15 pairs, rather distinctly looped along the margin,

prominent beneath, deeply impressed above, as is the secondary

reticulate venation ; petiole - 35 in. long, densely rusty-velvety.

Flowers in short axillary racemes, sometimes clustered, of close-set

2-3-flowered individual cymules ; the racemes 1 to 2 in. long ; peduncles,

short pedicels and small ovate bracts and bracteoles densely rusty-

velvety. Sepals orbicular, densely velvety outside, quite glabrous

within, coriaceous, in fruit - 2 in. across. Corolla - 5 in. across , lobes

slightly spreading, glabrous within, and waxy white or yellow, narrow

and deeply divided ; interlobular spaces densely dark brown, almost

black velvety-pubescent externally ; lobules very, small oblong. Fruit

ellipsoid, 1-25 in. long, 1 in. in diam., densely softly velvety, of a rich

brown colour.

Perak: King’s Collector 3454 ! 3879! 6721!

In the first of his three gatherings Kunstler has noted this as a tree 50 to 70 feet

high, but in the two subsequent ones as a large creeper, which is, from the appearance

of the specimens, undoubtedly the case with the first gathering also.

3. Ebycibe expansa, Wall. Cat. 1331. A large climber, branches

angled, with fissured bark, glabrous ; branchlets angular, densely lusty-

tomentose. Leaves elliptic or slightly obovate, apex abruptly shortly

acuminate to a sharp tip, base rounded or sub-cordate ; 2 to 2-5 in. long,

1 to 1-5 in. wide ; chartaceous ; dark green, quite glabrous above, paler

and rusty-pubescent, especially on the nerves, beneath, the pubescence

ultimately disappearing except from the nerves in old leaves , lateral

nerves 2 to 3 pairs, very oblique, ascending ; secondary reticulate venation

fairly visible above only ; petioles '15 in. long, densely rusty -pubescent.

Flowers in rather condensed 5-9-flowered cymes disposed in pyra-

290

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

midal terminal panicles 3 to 15 in. long, 1-5 to 6 in. wide, the main

rachis and branches densely rusty-tomentose, the panicle branches

■75 to 2-5 in. long, subtended by large foliaceous bracts "4 to 1 in. long,

exactly like the foliage leaves but smaller ; peduncles of individual

cymes rusty-tomentose, -25 in. long; pedicels bracteolate, '1 in. long

or less, rusty-tomentose. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla

white, or white tinged with pink, - 45 in. wide ; lobes spreading, glabrous

within ; interlobular spaces densely rusty-pubescent externally ; lobules

ovate acute, their margins sub-entire. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 392;

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 181 ; Prain Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. LXIII. 2. 84 ; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737. E. farm-

ginosa, Griff. Notul. IV. 283. E. paniculata, / 3 . expansa, Choisy Ann.

Sc. Nat. 2. I. 222 ; DC. Prod. IX. 464. E. coriacea, Kurz For.

Flor. Burm. II. 213 partly (not of Wall.).

Kedah : Lankawi, Curtis 2128 ! — Distrib. Tenasserim.

4. Erycibe Princei, Wall. Cat. 1335. A large straggling bush

with spreading branches, or a stout climber; branches glabrous, the

bark more or less fissured but quite cylindric ; branchlets densely rusty-

tomentose, cylindric. Leaves obovate-oblong or rarely obovate-lanceo-

late, narrowed slightly to the narrowly truncate or sometimes rounded

base, more abruptly to the shortly acuminate or acute apex, with an

obtuse or occasionally acute tip; 2'5 to 4 in. long, 1-25 to P75 in.

wide ; coriaceous, shrinking somewhat irregularly when dry ; glabrous

rather pale green above, beneath at first rusty pubescent with a loose

tomentum, which soon disappears except from the midrib ; lateral

nerves 5 to 7 pairs, very oblique and not very prominent on either

surface, with a distinct sub-marginal looping vein; secondary reticulate

venation distinct but not prominent on either surface; petiole -2 to

•25 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Flowers in axillary cymes in the upper-

most leaf axils, 5-9-flowered, -75 in. wide, the ultimate 3 to 7 passing

into a terminal panicle without leaves 1*5 to 3 in. long, rarely longer ;

peduncles 15 to -25 in. long, rusty-pubescent ; pedicels very short and

lanceolate bracteoles, -2 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Sepals orbicular,

coriaceous, rusty-pubescent. Corolla greenish, sweet-scented, -4 in.

across; lobes slightly spreading; interlobular spaces shining golden

silky externally ; lobules ovate, margins finely undulate. Fruit ellipsoid,

black, smooth, -6 in. long, -35 in. in diam. Choisy in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2.

I. 224 ; DC. Prod. IX. 464 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 152 ;

Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 85; Hallier f. Bull. Herb.

Boiss. V. 737 (excluding the Assam and Khasia localities), 1052.

E. camptobotrya, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 578.

Malacca : Griffith 5883 (K.D.) ! Maingay 1155 (K.D.) ! Singa-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 291

pore : in hedges, frequent, Kurz 2968 ! Hullett 628 ! 642 !— Distrib.

Bangka, Sumatra, Borneo.

5. Erycibe malaccensis, Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 182.

A stout spreading shrub with straggling branches, or a climber extend-

ing to 100 feet in length ; branches glabrous, with fissured bark, but

cylindric; branchlets stellately puberulous, rather distinctly angled.

Leaves elliptic, oblong or obovate-oblong, narrowed from the middle or

beyond to the cuneate or narrowly truncate base and more abruptly to

the shortly acuminate apex with obtuse tip ; 3 to 3-5 in. long, 1-25 to

l - 5 in. wide ; thickly chartaceous ; dark green, shining, quite glabrous

above ; paler glaueescent beneath and at first pubescent with a

deciduous tomentum which soon disappears except from the rusty

midrib ; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs, usually very oblique, rather distinct

on both surfaces as is the secondary reticulate venation ; petiole ‘25 in.

long, rusty-tomentose. Flowers in axillary 5-9-flowered cymes, -5 in.

wide ; peduncles -2 to 1-5 in. long, rusty-tomentose ; bracteoles elliptic,

fulvous-tomentose, small ; pedicels - 15 in. long, rusty. Sepals orbicular,

fulvous-tomentose. Corolla glabrous within, white, -35 in. across ;

lobes slightly spreading ; interlobular spaces fulvous-tomentose exter-

nally ; lobules ovate, margins slightly undulate. Fruit ellipsoid, purple,

•75 in. long, - 5 in. in diam. with a faint apical areola, glabrous. Prain

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 85 ; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 738.

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 3093! 3180! 3575! Scortechini

2196 ! Kota, Wray 2412 ! Penang : Maingay 1154 ! Malacca :

Bukit Labukor, Bidley 3526 ! Batu Tiga, Derry 1042 ! — Distrib.

Tenasserim.

6. Erycibe angubata, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 84.

A robust scandent shrub or a strong climber ; stems sometimes over

100 feet long and 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; branches terete, glabrous ; ultimate

branchlets angular, rusty-pubescent. Leaves obovate, base cuneate or

rounded, apex shortly acuminate or rounded or sometimes deeply

emarginate (normally shortly acuminate) ; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in.

wide ; coriaceous, quite glabrous ; lateral nerves 5 to 8 pairs, visible

above, distinctly raised beneath; secondary venation indistinct; petioles

'5 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Flowers in few-flowered cymes disposed

in axillary and terminal panicles with angular rachis clothed with dark-

red tomentum ; axillary inflorescences 1 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. wide,

terminal 7 to 10 in. long, with sometimes floral leaves intermixed ;

pedicels braeteolate, -25 to -5 in. long. Sepals orbicular, outer stellately

rusty-tomentose, inner ciliate. Corolla white, -5 in. wide; lobes

spreading ; interlobular spaces hirsute externally ; lobules glabrous,

ovate-oblong, with slightly undulate margins. Hallier f. Bull. Herb.

292 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Boiss. V. 739. E. paniculata, Miq. Elor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 248 (not of

Boxb.).

Perak : Larut, King’s Collector 7379 ! Dijong, Scortechini 1816 ! —

Distrib. Sumatra ( Teysmann 3682).

When originally describing this species the writer referred to it a Java specimen

collected by Kurz ; Dr. Hallier, however, whose knowledge of Gonvolvulacece is so

profound, has shown that this Java specimen, which is not a very good one, belongs

in reality to a distinct species — E. macrophylla, Hallier f.

7. Erycibe leucoxyloides, King MSS. ex Bidl. in Herb. Singap. ;

Prain Journ. As. Soe. Beng. LXXIII. 2. 16. A very large climber with

slender cylindric branches, bark fissured and covered with a close grey

pubescence ; branchlets numerous, very slender, rather distinctly angled,

grey- or rusty-pubescent. Leaves sub-bifarious, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

base rounded, apex sub-acuminate or abruptly narrowed to an obtuse

tip ; 1 to P75 in. long, -4 to -6 in. wide ; membranous or thinly char-

taceous ; quite glabrous on both surfaces ; rather dark green above,

paler beneath ; secondary nerves about 3 pairs, very oblique and hardly

visible above except in young leaves, not visible beneath even when

dry and even when young ; petiole - 1 in. long, grey-pubescent. Flowers

axillary, solitary ; pedicels -2 in. long, somewhat recurved in fruit, grey-

pubescent, bracteolate under the calyx. Sepals orbicular, sparsely

pubescent on the centre externally, elsewhere glabrous except the

ciliate margins. Corolla white, sweet-scented, '5 in. across; interlobular

spaces brown-tomentose externally ; lobules broad, semi-orbicular,

entire. Fruit elliptic, black, smooth, glabrous, '6 in. long, -4 in. wide.

Singapore : climbing in secondary jungle, Hallier ! Ridley 2051,

6897 1 10927 1 Selangor : Kwala Lumpar, Curtis 2402 1 Johore :

Ridley t

8. Erycibe festiva, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 87.

A climber, 60 to 70 feet long ( Kunstler ), or a small tree (Hullett) ;

branches grooved but cylindric ; ultimate branchlets slightly angular,

sparingly pubescent. Leaves elliptic or oblong, base cuneate, apex

usually rather long acuminate with an obtuse tip ; 3 to 6 in. long, l - 5

to 2-5 in. wide ; glabrous ; thinly coriaceous ; lateral nerves 7 to 9

pairs, distinct on both surfaces, especially beneath, secondary venation

distinct beneath ; petiole glabrous, '5 to "75 in. long. Flowers in short

axillary 7-12-flowered cymes -5 to -75 in. across ; peduncles -3 to -5 in.

long, rusty-pubescent ; pedicels rusty-pubescent, bracteolate, -12 in.

long. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla pale greenish-white

within, '75 in. across, lobes broad; interlobular spaces brown-tomentose

externally ; lobules ovate, margins erose, usually rather deeply, through-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 293

out. Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXV. 2. 536 ; Hallier f. Bull. Herb

Boiss. V. 739.

Perak : in open forest in rooky localities, at 500 to 800 feet elevation,

King's Collector 6445 ! Singapore : garden jungle, Ridley 6043 !

Hullett !

9. Ebycibe sapotacea, Hallier f. & Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXXIII. 2. 16. A tree (?) ; branches slightly angled, with fissured

bark, quite glabrous. Leaves elliptic, base cuneate, apex abruptly

shortly acuminate with tip obtuse ; 5 in. long, 2 to 2-25 in. wide ;

firmly coriaceous ; quite glabrous on both sides ; bright green and glossy

above, pale beneath ; lateral nerves 6 pairs, distinct above and rather

prominent beneath, secondary reticulate venation very distinct on both

surfaces ; petiole -5 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in few-flowered con-

gested, axillary subsessile cymes. Sepals and Corolla not seen. Fruit

ovoid, quite glabrous, the epicarp very coriaceous, almost woody,

wrinkled and fissured, with a rounded base and conical pointed apex,

2 in. long, 1 in. in diam. ; fruiting pedicels '3 in. long, with epidermis

fissured like that on the branches.

Penang : Government Hill, Curtis 772 !

A very distinct and striking species, the flowers of which are as yet unknown. In

shape the fruit is most like that of E. Griffithii, but besides being about twice the size

it has none of the scurfy covering of the fruit of that species. The leaves of the two

are very different.

10. Erycibe Stappiana, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 87.

A shrubby or slender climber, sometimes 80 to 100 feet long ; much

branched ; branches and glabrous branchlets cylindric. Leaves usually

oblong or elliptic, rarely narrowly lanceolate, narrowed to a cuneate or

narrowly truncate base, apex shortly acuminate with a blunt tip ; 4 to

7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide ; coriaceous ; glabrous ; dark green and glossy

above, paler beneath ; lateral nerves 4 to 6 pairs, ascending obliquely,

the lowest pairs extending more than half-way along the margin, the

secondary veins reticulately raised beneath, visible but not conspicuous

above ; petiole '25 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in clustered axillary

cymes '5 to 2 in. long, in fascicles of 4 to 9 from a woody protuberance,

each 5-20-flowered ; peduncles densely dark-brown-tomentose, as are

the bracteolate pedicels, -1 to '15 in. long. Sepals orbicular, densely

brown-tomentose. Corolla waxy-white within, ’5 in. across ; lobes

narrow ; interlobular spaces very dark-brown-tomentose (nearly black —

Kunstler ) externally ; lobules narrow, divergent, slightly crenulate along

the obliquely truncate apex. Fruit ovoid, -6 to -8 in. long, -5 in. in

diam., densely clothed with a fine dark-brown velvety tomentum.

Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. Y. 738.

294

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : at various elevations from 300 to 4,000 feet, King’s Collector

4015 ! 4115 ! 7784 ! Wray 3371 ! Scortechini 1793 ! — Distrib.

Tenasserim {Parish).

11. Erycibe PRiECiPUA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 86.

A large climbing shrub ; branches and ultimate branchlets eylindric,

glabrous. Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowed to the cuneate

base and more abruptly to the obtuse tip ; thickly coriaceous ; quite

glabrous; 1'5 to 4 in. long, - 75 to 2 in. wide; nerves about 5 pairs,

curved and ascending, but all very obscure even when dry; petioles

■3 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in small, axillary, laxly 5-8-flowered

cymes -5 in. across ; peduncles and bracteolate pedicels closely rusty-

pubescent, pedicels -12 in. long. Sepals orbicular, the outer minutely,

the inner densely closely rusty-pubescent. Corolla whitish, -5 in. wide,

the lobes very narrow, spreading ; interlobular spaces rufous-pubescent

internally as well as externally ; lobules small glabrous, narrowly

oblong', sub-acute, divergent. Fruit ovoid, slightly rough but not

verrucose, -7 to -75 in. long, ‘5 to ‘6 in. wide, pointed or rounded.

Penang : Government Hill, Curtis 911 ! 1273 ! Perak : Larut,

Scortechini !

Father Seortechini’s specimens from Perak have the fruit slightly smaller, not at

all pointed, and not so distinctly roughened as the Penang specimens, but in all other

respects the two plants agree.

12. Erycibe glomerata, Bl. Bijdr. 1047. A shrub or a small tree,

10 to 20 feet high, erect, much spreading ; branches and sparingly

pubescent ultimate branchlets eylindric. Leaves elliptic or narrow-

oblong, shortly or gradually narrowed to the cuneate base and to the

obtuse tip ; 7 to 12 in. long, 1-75 to 5 in. wide ; coriaceous ; quite glabrous ;

dark green above, waxy-pale greenish-yellow ( Kunstler ) beneath ;

lateral nerves 8 to 9 pairs, visible but not raised on either surface or

only faintly raised beneath ; petiole '15 to -35 in. long. Floivers in

axillary very short and closely glomerate 5-8-fl.owered cymes ; peduncles

•05 in. long ; individual flowers nearly sessile with 3 rusty -pubescent

bracteoles at the base of the calyx. Sepals almost glabrous, pale waxy-

green {Kunstler), orbicular, margins ciliate. Corolla pure white within,

1’25 in. across; lobes narrow; interlobular spaces rufous externally;

lobules oblong, obtuse, slightly crenulate at the apex. Hallier f. Bull.

Herb. Boiss. V. 382, 739. E. albida, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXIII. 2. 87.

Var. typica ; leaves elliptic, 3'5 to 5 in. wide.

Perak: on Gunong Bubu, 2,500 to 3,000 feet, King’s Collector

7373 ! Larut, Scortechini ! Pungah : Curtis 2947 ! — Distrib. Java.

295

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Var. longifolia, Bl. Bijdr. 1047 ; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtusely

acuminate, 1-75 to 2-25 in. wide. E. angustifolia, Hallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVI. 524.

Perak : Waterfall Hill, Wray 2580 ! Malacca : Bujong, Scortechini

1908! — Distrib. Java, Borneo.

13. Erycibe aenea, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 85. A

very large climber ; stems 70 to 150 feet long, 8 to 4 in. in diam. ;

branches and densely rusty-tomentose brancklets cylindric. Leaves

narrowly oblong or elliptic, base cuneate, apex gradually or oftener

abruptly narrowed to an obtuse tip ; thickly coriaceous ; quite glabrous ;

2-5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide ; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs with a

distinct sub-marginal connecting nerve, impressed on both surfaces but

especially beneath ; petiole -25 in. or less. B'loiuers in axillary 3-20-

flowered cymes '25 to 1'2 in. long; peduncles and bracteolate pedicels

minutely closely rusty-tomentose ; pedicels "12 in. long. Sepals orbi-

cular, closely brown-tomentose. Corolla pale yellow, ’5 in. across, the

lobes spreading ; interlobular spaces pale brown-tomentose externally ;

lobules ovate-oblong, their margins undulate. Fruit elliptic, verrucose,

grey, - 9 in. long, 5 to - 6 in. wide. Hallier f. Bull. Hort. Boiss. V. 739.

Perak : Larut, at elevations of from 300 to 2,500 feet, King’s

Collector 7337 ! 8165 !

14. Erycibe Griffithii, Clarke in Hook. f. Elor. Brit. Ind. IY. 182.

A climber 60 to 80 feet long ; stem 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; branches

cylindric, glabrous ; brancklets cylindric, sparingly rusty-pubescent.

Leaves elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, base cuneate

or rarely rounded, apex usually abruptly acuminate, less often gradually

narrowed to the obtuse tip; 2-75 to 6 in. long, - 75 to 2'5 in. wide;

quite glabrous on both surfaces, sub-coriaceous ; lateral nerves 6 to 8

pairs, very oblique, visible but not prominent above, prominent beneath ;

secondary venation very indistinct ; petiole ’25 to - 3 in. long, glabrous.

Flowers in short axillary solitary or clustered 4-9-flowered cymes - 3 in.

across ; peduncles rusty-pubescent, - 2 to -3 in. long ; pedicels - 25 in-

long, rusty-pubescent as are the very minute ovate-lanceolate bracteoles.

Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent externally. Corolla waxy cream-

coloured and glabrous within, - 5 in. across, the lobes spreading, narrow

and stellate ; interlobular spaces rusty-brown externally ; lobules narrow

acute, their margins sub-entire. Fruit coriaceous, greyish-brown and

closely scurfy externally, 1 to 1'5 in. long, '5 to ‘75 in. wide. Prain

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 85 ; Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895.

126 ; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Y. 738, 1052. E. Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f.

Elor. Brit. Ind. IV. 182 ; Hallier f. Bull. 'Herb. Boiss. V. 737- E.

micrantha, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 524.

296

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Peeak : Larut, 200 to 300 feet elevation, King’s Collector 8191 1

Scortechini ! Malacca : Maingay. Penang : Gaudichaud 120 ; Curtis

181 ! King’s Collector 1458 ! — Distkib. Tenasserim, Sumatra,

Philippines.

3. Poeana, Burm.

Large climbers. Leaves petioled, ovate or cordate, entire. Flowers

small ; cymes often in large panicles ; bracts persistent ; bracteoles

subulate or 0. Sepals 5, small and narrow in flower; in fruit the outer

3 or all 5 much accrescent, membranous and spreading, usually spathu-

late. Corolla white, campanulate or infundibuliform with a wide or

narrow throat ; limb spreading plicate, sub-entire or 5-lobed. Stamens

5, adnate to corolla-tube, sub-included ; filaments linear or filiform.

Ovary 2-celled or 1-celled ; ovules 4 or 2 ; style long or short, entire or

2-fid ; stigma solitary 2-lobed, or stigmas 2, capitate. Fruit globose

oblong or obconic, 1-seeded, membranous, indehiscent or opening by

2 valves. Seed glabrous ; cotyledons plicate. — Distkib. Species about

10, throughout S.B. Asia.

Pobana volubilis, Burm. FI. Ind. 51. t. 21. f. 1. A large

climber ; stems and warted branches glabrous, young shoots pubescent.

Leaves glabrous, ovate sub-cordate, or sometimes base rounded, apex

shortly acuminate, quite glabrous, 2-5 in. long, P5 in. wide; petiole

•6 in. long. Floivers white, small, in sub-ebracteate cymes disposed in

panicles 12 to 15 in. long, minutely tawny-pubescent ; pedicels - 1 to

■25 in. long. Sepals 5, minutely pubescent, in flower -2 in. long, oblong ;

in fruit -35 in. long, sub-spatbulate, all equal. Corolla - 3 in. long; tube

narrow ; limb rather distinctly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included. Ovary

2-celled ; ovules 4 ; style 2-partite ; stigmas small, capitate. Fruit a

globose capsule, enclosed in the accrescent 5-7-nerved calyx-lobes,

•15 in. in diam. Seed solitary. Lamk 111. t. 186 ; Roxb. FI. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 40; ed. orig. I. 465; Blume Bijdr. 723; Wall. Cat.

1327 ; Choisy Convolv. Or. 106, and in DC. Prod. IX. 436 ; Clarke in

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 222.

Malacca : Griffith ! King ! — Disteib. Indo-China, Malay Archi-

pelago.

King’s examples are from a cultivated plant ; whether those of Griffith be from

wild plants is unknown.

4. Neuropeltis, Wall.

Large scandent, tomentose shrubs. Leaves ovate or oblong, firm,

petioled. Flowers many, small, in axillary racemes or terminal

panicles ; pedicels distinct, beset by solitary ovate-lanceolate bracteoles

under the calyx, in flower inconspicuous, in fruit greatly accrescent.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

297

Sepals 5, sub-orbicular, hardly altered in fruit. Corolla small, white ;

tube wide-campanulate ; limb deeply 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-

valvate in bud. Stamens 5, exserted or included, adnate to corolla-

tube ; filaments filiform. Ovary imperfectly or perfectly 2-celled ;

ovules 4 ; styles 2, free throughout, stigmas sub-capitate wavy or

obscurely lobed. Fruit a globose, 4-valved, 1-seeded capsule sessile

near the centre of the flat,. much-accrescent bracteole. Seed globose,

glabrous, albuminous; cotyledons plicate. — D istrib. Species 2, in

tropics of Eastern Hemisphere.

Neuropeltis kacemosa, Wall. Cat. 1322. A robust climber ;

branehlets pubescent, lenticellate, rather dark. Leaves alternate,

elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate with a narrow

longish thickened mucro ; lamina 2-5 to 5 in. long, 1-25 to 2 - 25 in.

wide ; firmly papery ; glabrous except along the midrib above, slightly

rusty with a sub-persistent pubescence beneath ; lateral nerves about

7-paired, somewhat curved forward, rather prominent and pubescent

beneath. Flowers in axillary racemes 2 to 5 in. long, peduncle - 5 to

1 in. and rachis rusty - tomentose ; bracts small ovate; pedicels ’12

to - 2 in. long, tomentose, slender, with an ovate-lanceolate bracteole

under the calyx. Sepals 5, somewhat connate below, small, orbicular,

rufous-villous. Corolla small, campanulate, white, tube rufous-villous

externally ; limb ‘25 to -3 in. across, 5-lobed, lobes ovate nearly as long

as the tube. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, exserted; filaments

thickened at base. Ovary imperfectly or perfectly 2-celled, rufous-

villous at base ; ovules 2 in each cell ; styles 2, glabrous ; stigmas

large globose wavy. Capsule -25 in. long, ovoid, glabrescent, sessile

in the centre of the accrescent, orbicular, scarious, reticulate bract

1 to 1'75 in. wide with rounded or cordate base. Seed globose,

glabrous, albuminous ; cotyledons plicate. Eoxb. Elor. Ind. ed. Carey

& Wall. II. 44 ; Deless. Ic. Select. V. t. 96 ; Choisy Convolv. Or. 109,

t. 2. f. 12, and in DC. Prod. IX. 437 ; Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 291 ; Kurz

For. Flor. Burm. II. 222 ; Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 225.

N. ovata, Wall. Cat. 1323 ; Choisy Convolv. Or. 110, t. 2, f. 13, and in

DC. Prod. IX. 437. N. bracteata, Griff. Notul. IY. 285. N. intermedia,

Griff. Notul. IV. 285.

Perak : Larut, Scortechini 1483 ! 1489 ! 2071 ! King’s Collector

3544 ! 3792 ! 4370 ! 6809 ! Penang : Wallich ! Malacca : Maingay

1152 ! 1153 ! Singapore : Wallich ! — Distbib. Malabar, Borneo.

5. Evolvulus, Linn.

Small prostrate or erect herbs or undershrubs, never climbing.

Leaves small, entire, often distichous. Flowers small, blueish or white,

298

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

in axillary few-flowered peduncled or sub-sessile cymes. Sepals 5,

small, sub-equal, not enlarged in fruit. Corolla small, funnel-shaped or

sub-rotate ; limb plicate, sub-entire. Stamens 5, included or exserted ;

filaments filiform. Ovary 2-celled or, rarely, 1-celled ; ovules 4 ;

styles 2, free from the base, each cleft into 2 linear or sub-clavate

stigmas, papillose on the inner face. Fruit a 4-valved, less often a

2-valved capsule, 2-celled or 1-celled. Seeds 4 or 2, rarely solitary,

glabrous; cotyledons twice plicate. — Distrib. Species about 80,

mostly tropical American ; the present the only Asiatic.

Evolvulus alsinoides, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. II. 392. A small peren-

nial herb ; annual branches numerous, wiry, often prostrate. Leaves

variable in shape from lanceolate to ovate, and in pubescence from

sparingly silky to densely tawny or rufous-tomentose ; '25 to 1 in. or

occasionally 1-5 in. long, -2 to -5 in. wide ; petiole absent or short,

rarely - 2 in. long. Flowers 1 to 3, on peduncles '1 in. to 1 or 1-5 in.

long ; bracts small, linear, hirsute, persistent ; pedicels -05 to -5 in.

long. Sepals 5, lanceolate, hirsute, -1 to -15 in. long. Corolla pale blue

or white, transparent, -25 to -3 in. long. Capsule globose, -15 in. in

diam., 4-valved. Seeds 4, glabrous. Burm. FI. Zeyl. 9, t. 6, f. 1 ;

Wall. Cat. 1317 ; Boxb. Flor. Ind. II. 105 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 447 ;

Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 220. E. linifolius, Linn. Sp. PI.

ed. II. 392 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 449. E. angustifolius, Boxb. Flor.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 107. E. hirsutus, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

III. 538 ; 111. t. 216, f. 2 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 447, excl. syn. Boxb.

E. sericeus, Wall. Cat. 1315. Convolvulus valerianoides, Blanco FI

Filip. 90.

Nicobars : Kamorta, Kurz ! Singapore : Changi, Ridley ! —

Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

Ihe form recorded from the Nicobars and Singapore is the narrow-leaved form,

which is E. linifolius Linn. In both localities it is probably an introduced weed.

6. Bonamia, Thouars.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves large ovate-cordate, entire, firm.

Flowers medium, in axillary peduncled cymes ; bracts small. Sepals 5,

sub-equal, firm, ovate. Corolla infundibuliform, tube hirsute externally

except opposite the sepals ; limb 5-lobed, plicate. Stamens, 5, included,

adnate to corolla-tube; filaments filiform, at least in upper part.

Ovary 2-celled; ovules 4 ; style 2-fid to the middle; stigmas 2,

capitate. Fruit a globose or ovoid capsule ; valves thin, splitting

irregularly at their apices. Seeds normally 4, glabrous or nearly so.

Distrib. Species about 30, throughout the tropics.

299

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bonamia semidigyna, Hallier f. Engl. Bot.- Jahrb. XYI. 528.

A large twining shrub; stems and leaves rusty-tomentose. Leaves

ovate-cordate, entire, apex acute ; length 4 in., width 2-5 in. ; petiole

1-5 in. long. Flowers medium, in axillary sub-capitate 2-5-flowered

cymes ; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long, rusty- villous as are the pedicels and

sepals ; bracts -25 in. long, oblong, rusty-villous. Sepals -35 to -5 in.

long, ovate-oblong, sub-acute, sub-equal. Corolla yellowish, wide-

infundibuliform, P5 in. long; tube hirsute externally; limb sub-entire.

Style - 6 in. long. Capsule sub-globose, glabrous, - 5 in. in diam., split-

ting into many vertical segments, hardly covered by the slightly

accrescent, ovate fruiting sepals. Seeds sub-glabrous. Bull. Herb.

Boiss. V. 1814. Convolvulus semidigynus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13 ;

Plor. Ind. I. 468 ; Wall. Cat. 1405. Breiveria cordata, Bl. Bijdr. 722 ;

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 438 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Elor. Brit. Ind.

IV. 223. B. Boxburghii, Choisy Convolv. Or. III., and in DC. Prod. IX.

438 ; Wight, Ic. 1. 1370 ; Dalz & Gibs. Bomb. El. 162. B. madagas-

cariensis, Choisy Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 493.

Pkov. Wellesley: at Kubang Ulu, Curtis! Penang: on the

coast, Porter! Curtis 1703! Perak: Ipoh, Curtis 3166 !-— Distrib.

S.E. Asia generally, Mascarenes.

7. Calystegia, R. Br.

Prostrate or twining perennial herbs. Leaves entire or lobed,

glabrous or nearly so. Flowers medium, axillary solitary or rarely

in few-flowered cymes ; bracts 2, large, leafy, embracing the calyx,

persistent. Sepals 5, ovate or oblong, the innermost 2 rather the

smallest. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate; tube glabrous ex-

ternally with 5 bands in centre of component petals, each with 5

pellucid lines at the base ; limb sub-entire plicate. Stamens 5, adnate

to corolla-tube, included ; filaments sub-equal. Ovary 1-eelled or

imperfectly 2-celled ; ovules 4 ; style filiform, entire ; stigma of 2

oblong lobes. Fruit a globose, 1-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded capsule.

Seeds black, glabrous or verrucose. — Distrib. Species 16 to 20, in

warm and temperate regions.

Calystegia hederacea Wall. Cat. 1328. A prostrate or climbing

weed of cultivated places and hedges. Leaves somewhat irregular,

cordate or sagittate, lobed or rarely entire, 1 to 3 in. long, '75 to 1 in.

wide ; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary ; peduncles 1 in.

long; bracts 2 ovate, -3 in. across, persistent, enclosing the calyx.

Sepals 5, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, outer -3 in. long, inner rather

smaller. Corolla sub-campanulate, pinkish purple, tube 1 in. long;

limb plicate, sub-entire. Capsule ovoid, sub-acute, glabrous, '3 in. long.

300

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Seeds glabrous. Eoxb. Flor. Inch ed. Carey & Wall. II. 94 ; Choisy

Convolv. Or. 103, and in DC. Prod. IX. 434 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 217. Convolvulus Wallichianus, Spreng. Syst. cur. post. 61.

Penang : Porter, fide Wallich. — Distkib. Northern India, Afghani-

stan, Eastern Asia.

Possibly only a casual weed in our area.

8. Hewittia, W. & A.

A pubescent twining herb. Leaves cordate, entire angled or lobed.

Flowers axillary solitary, or in few-flowered cymes ; bracts below the

calyx 2, linear-lanceolate. Sepals 5, acute ; outer 3 wide-ovate, accres-

cent in fruit, inner 2 narrow-lanceolate. Corolla medium, yellow or

white with a purple eye ; tube campanulate ; limb plicate. Stamens 5,

included, adnate to corolla-tube ; filaments linear with dilated bases.

Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled ; ovules 4 ; style filiform ; stigma

of 2 ovate-oblong lobes. Fruit a globose, 4-valved, 1-celled, normally

4-seeded capsule. Seeds black, glabrous. — Distkib. A single species,

throughout the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere and Polynesia.

Hewittia bicolok, Wight Ie. t. 835. A pubescent perennial herb ;

stems twining. Leaves cordate, entire angled or lobed, pubescent,,

2 to 4 in. long ; petiole • 5 in. long. Flowers on axillary 1-few-flowered

peduncles - 5 to 4 in. long ; bracts 2, narrow-lanceolate, '25 to ’5 in.

long, situated a short distance below the calyx. Sepals 5, the outer

ovate, accrescent ; the inner narrowly lanceolate, -3 to -5 in. long.

Corolla yellow or whitish with a purple patch in lower part of tube,

rather widely campanulate, 1 in. long ; tube externally hirsute ; lobes

5, very short. Stamens 5, included ; filaments linear with dilated bases.

Ovary hirsute, more or less perfectly 2-celled ; ovules 4 ; style filiform ;

stigmas 2, ovate-oblong. Fruit a globose capsule, '25 in. in diam.,

1-celled, opening by 4 valves. Seeds 4, black, glabrous. Wight 111.

t. 168 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 216. Convolvulus bicolor,

Vahl. Symb. III. 25 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2205 ; Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 14 ; Flor.

Ind. I. 475 ; Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 57 ; Wall. Cat. 1410,

C. bracteatus, Vahl Symb. III. 25. C. involucratus, Ker in Bot. Eeg.

t. 318 {not of Spreng.). Ipomoea bicolor, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 372.

I. bracteata, Bl. Bijdr. 711 {not of Willd. nor of Wight). I. Weinmanni

Eoem. & Schult. Syst. Nat. IV. 243. Calystegia Keriana, Sweet Hort.

Brit. ed. 2, 370. Palmia bicolor, Endl. ex Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor.

163. Shuteria bicolor, Choisy Convolv. Or. 104, and in DC. Prod. IX. 435 ;

Flor. des Serres t. 421. Aniseia Afzelii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 295.

A. bracteata, Hassk. PL Jav. Ear. 516.

301

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pebak : Larut, Scortechini !— Distbib. Tropical Africa, S.E. Asia

generally, Polynesia.

9. Aniseia, Choisy.

Twining herbs. Leaves elliptic, mucronulate or lanceolate. Flowers

axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes. Sepals 5, herbaceous,

acuminate ; outer 3 the larger, ovate, decurrent on the peduncle and

accrescent in fruit ; inner 2 smaller, lanceolate, unaltered in fruit.

Corolla wide-infundibiliform ; tube hirsute externally except on spaces

opposite the sepals, with 5 distinct vertical bands ; limb sub-entire.

Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, included ; filaments filiform. Ovary

glabrous, 2-celled ; ovules 4 ; style filiform ; stigma 2-globose. Ft wit

a 2-celled, 4-valved capsule. Seeds 4, large, black, smooth. — Distbib.

Species about 5, all confined to America but one, which is cosmopolitan

in the tropics.

Aniseia mabtinicensis, Choisy Convolv. Ear. 144. A slender herb

creeping in wet places or climbing, glabrous or with a few adpressed

hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse with a mucro, base

cuneate ; glabrescent ; ‘75 to 3 in. long, '5 to 1 in. wide; petiole '6 in. long.

Flowers axillary solitary ; peduncles 1 in. long, with 2 minute, per-

sistent bracts about the middle. Sepals unequal, the outer ovate-acute

•6 in. long, the inner narrower, green, glabrescent ; in fruit accrescent

at length -75 to 1 in. long, the 2 outer then sub-cordate-ovate scarious,

strongly nerved, decurrent on the peduncle ; the inner lanceolate.

Corolla white, campanulate, tube 1 in. long, pubescent outside , limb

1 in. across. Capsule ovoid, glabrous, - 5 in. long. Seeds with minutely

strigose margins. Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 430 ; Hallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVIII. 96, and Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 382. A. uniflora, Choisy

Convolv. Or. 101, t. 2, f. 9, and in DC. Prod. IX. 431 ; Wight Ic. t. 850.

Convolvulus martinicensis, Jacq. Am. 20, t. 17. C. uniflorus, Lamk

Encyc. Meth. III. 544 ; Burm. El. Ind. 47, t. 21. C. emarginatus, Vabl

Symb. III. 23. C. Rheedei, Wall. Cat. 1358 ; Eoxb. Elor. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 70. Ipomcea martinicensis, Mez Prim. El. Esseq. 98.

I. imiflora, Eoem. & Schult. Symb. IV. 247 ; Clarke in Hook. f. I lor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 201. I. lanceolata, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 282.

Perak : Kwala Dipong, Scortechini 1780 ! Kota Bahru, King s

Collector 1075 ! Malacca : Griffith /—Distbib. Tropics generally.

10. Jacquemontia, Choisy.

Climbing or twining herbs or undersbrubs ; stems and leaves

usually pubescent. Leaves usually cordate or elliptic, entire or rarely

toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, in compound umbellate or capitate

302

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cymes, very rarely solitary ; bracts small, rarely leafy. Sepals 5, equal

or unequal. Corolla usually small ; tube infundibuliform with a wide

or narrow throat, and with 5 vertical bands each ending in 2 distinct

nerves ; limb plicate. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, included.

Ovary glabrous, 2-celled ; ovules 4;. style filiform; stigmas 2, linear or

elliptic-oblong. Fruit a globose 2-celled capsule, usually 8-valved,

rarely 4-valved. Seeds normally 4, usually glabrous, often slightly

winged along the margins. — Disteib. Species 60 to 70, mostly in

Brazil ; 2 to 3 in S.E. Asia.

Jacquemontia paniculata, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 541 ;

XVIII. 95. A slender climber ; stems twining, puberulous. Leaves

ovate-cordate, acute, entire, pubescent beneath, puberulous at length

glabrescent above, 1-5 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide ; petiole '5 to 1 in.

long. Flowers axillary, in small dense many-flowered sub-capitate

cymes; peduncles puberulous, 1 to P5 in. long; bracts inconspicuous.

Sepals 5, ovate-cordate, pubescent, - 25 in. long, not altered in fruit.

Corolla tubular, - 5 in. long ; mouth narrow, limb pink or white, shortly

acutely 5-lobed. Capsule globose, glabrous, -2 in. in diam. Seeds

glabrous. Convolvulus parviflorus, Vahl. Symb. III. 29 ; Boxb. Plor.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 51 ; Choisy Convolv. Or. 98, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 413; Clarke in Hook. f. Elor. Brit. Ind. IV. 220. C. asclepiadeus ,

Wall. Cat. 1396. Ipomcea paniculata, Burm. Flor. Ind. 50, t. 21, f. 3.

I. parviflora, Pers. Synops. I. 183 {not of Vahl.).

Peeak : Kampong Kota, Wray 3337 ! — Disteib. Tropical Africa,

S.E. Asia generally, Australia.

11. Mekremia, Dennst.

Shrubs or herbs, usually climbing, rarely erect or prostrate ; stems

very rarely winged. Leaves entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers

axillary, usually long-peduncled, solitary or in few-flowered, rarely

many-flowered cymes ; bracts small. Sepals 5, sub-equal, elliptic or

lanceolate, acuminate, rarely rounded or truncate, convex, usually

slightly accrescent in fruit. Corolla campanulate, white, less often

yellow or orange, the tube with 5 vertical bands each usually marked

by 5 dark- violet lines; limb plicate, margin slightly 5-lobed. Stamens 5,

unequal, included or exserted ; filaments filiform ; anthers usually

twisted ; pollen never spinulose. Ovary 2-celled or occasionally

4-celled ; ovules 4 ; style filiform ; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a 4-valved

capsule, 1-4-locular, sometimes the style separating with a small stopple.

Seeds 4, rarely fewer, dull, glabrous, rarely puberulous. — Distrib.

Species about 40, in all warm countries.

303

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla glabrous externally : —

Leaves not peltate : —

Leaves deeply 5-lobed ; flowers large

Leaves entire or very slightly lobed ; flowers small : —

Sepals acuminate ; flowers yellow with a pink or purple

eye:—

Leaves acute at apex

Leaves obtuse, truncate, or 3-toothed at apex

Sepals obtuse : flowers without a distinct eye : —

Leaves narrow-oblong, the lower often ovate-oblong ;

flowers white with pinkish tinge or yellowish-white or

pale yellow

Leaves ovate-cordate, margin often crenate or toothed ;

flowers clear yellow

Leaves peltate ; flowers large

Corolla somewhat hirsute or shaggy externally : —

Leaves more or less hirsute ; flowers in compact corymbose

or umbellate cymes . . . .

Leaves quite glabrous ; flowers in lax cymes

1. HI. vitifolia.

2. HI. hastata.

3. M. tridentata.

4. HI. ctespitosa.

5. M. convolvulacea.

6. M. nymphaeifolia.

7. M. umbellata.

8. M. crispatula.

1. Merremia vitifolia, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552.

A large climber with slender hispidly hairy branches. Leaves cordate,

palmately 5-lobed, 2 to 6 in. across; lobes triangular acute, often

toothed or again acutely lobed ; petiole -5 to 2 in. long, hispidly hairy.

Flowers in axillary 1-7 -flowered cymes ; peduncles hispidly hairy, 1 to

4 in. long, pedicels hispidly hairy, -2 to '5 in. long. Sepals ovate-

acute, hispid, -5 in. long, in fruit somewhat enlarged, -75 in. long.

Corolla campanulate, clear yellow, glabrous, 1'5 in. long and nearly

as wide, slightly irregular. Capsule depressed-globose, membranous,

2-celled, normally 4-seeded. Seeds glabrous. Verslag. Buitenzorg,

1895, 127, and Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus vitifolius, Burm.

FI. Ind. 45, t. 18, f. 1 ; Linn. Mantiss. 203 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14 ;

Flor. Ind. I. 476, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 61; Wall. Cat. 1348. C.

angularis, Burm. FI. Ind. 46, t. 19, f. 2 ; Linn. Mantiss. 203 ; Hassk.

PI. Jav. Rar. 519. Ipomoea vitifolia, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. II. 372;

Blume Bijdr. 709 ; Choisy Convolv. Or. 72, and in DC. Prod. IX. 361 ;

Kurz For. Flor. Burm. II. 219 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

IV. 213. I. angularis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 72.

Perak : Larut, Scortechini ! Andamans : Port Mouat, Kurz !

Narcondam, Prain ! Nicobars : Nancowry, Prain’s Collector ! —

Distrib. S.E. Asia generally.

2. Merremia hastata, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552. A

diffuse twining biennial herb, stem angular. Leaves glabrous, hastate-

lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long, -3 to '5 in. wide, apex acute ; petiole very

short. Flowers 1 to 3 on wiry axillary peduncles as long as or longer

than the leaves; bracts very small, lanceolate. Sepals narrow.

304

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate, '3 to -5 in. long, glabrous. Corolla funnel-shaped, -6 in.

long, pale yellow with a purple eye ; limb slightly lobed. Stamens 5 ;

filaments slightly hairy at the base ; anthers straight. Ovary and style

glabrous ; ovary 2-celled, each cell 2-ovuled. Capsule ovoid, papery,

glabrous, 2-celled. Seeds glabrous. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 117. Con-

volvulus hastatus, Desr. in Lamk Encyc. Meth. III. 547. C. filicaulis,

Vabl Symb. III. 24. C. denticulatus , Spreng. Syst. I. 603. C. medius,

Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 474, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 56; Wall. Cat. 1346

(not o/Linn.). C. Bhimei, Dietr. Syn. PL I. 675. Ipomcea denticulata,

R. Br. Prod. I. 485; Bot. Reg. t. 317 ( not of Choisy). I. filicaulis,

Bl. Bijdr. 721; Choisy Convolv. Or. 66; DC. Prod. IX. 353. I. Blumei,

Steud. Nomencl. I. 815. I. angustifolia, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 205 ( not of Jacq., nor of Choisy). Rheede Hort. Malab. XI. t. 55.

Perak: Larut, Scortechini 138! 1833! Kwala, &e., Wray 859!

1751 ! Sungah Ryah, King’s Collector 996 ! Penang : Batu Gaja, &c.,

Deschamps ! Malacca : Griffith ! Tanjong Kling and Bukit Bruang,

Eervey ! Pahang: Pekan, Ridley! Katapang, Ridley 1236! Singa-

pore : Hullett 69 ! 232 ! King’s Collector 1174 ! King ! — Distrib.

Throughout S.E. Asia, Tropical Africa, and Australia.

3. Merremia tridentata, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552.

A diffuse glabrous herb with a woody rootstock giving off many closely

decumbent elongated stems. Leaves glabrous, hastate-oblong, or

spathulate-linear, or sub-quadrate, '5 to '8 in. long, T5 to -5 in. wide,

apex obtuse truncate or 3-toothed ; petiole 0. Flowers 1 to 3 on wiry

axillary peduncles as long as or longer than the leaves ; bracts very

small, lanceolate. Sepals ovate, acuminate, -25 to -35 in. long. Corolla

funnel-shaped, - 4 to '5 in. long, yellow with pink eye ; limb slightly

lobed. Stamens 5. Capsule ovoid, papery, glabrous, 2-celled. Seeds

glabrous. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 116. Convolvulus tridentatus,

Linn. Sp. PI. 157 ; Roxb. FI. Ind. I. 475, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 56 ;

Wall. Cat. 1347. Evolvulus tridentatus, Linn. Sp. PL ed. II. 392.

Ipomcea tridentata, Roth Cat. Bot. II. 19; Choisy Convolv. Or. 65,

and in DC. Prod. IX. 353 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 205.

Malacca : Griffith 5861/1 (K.D.) ! Maingay 1147 (KD.) ! Johore :

Batu Pahat, Ridley 11,114 ! — Distrib. India generally, Africa, Bangka.

4. Merremia crsspitosa, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552. A

sparsely hairy or glabrescent annual or biennial slender twining or

creeping herb. Leaves narrowly oblong, the lower often sub-cordate

and ovate-oblong, sometimes slightly hastately lobed, 1-5 to 2-5 in. long,

•5 in. wide ; petiole - 25 to • 5 in. long. Floivers cymose, few or many

on slender peduncles 1 to 3 in. long ; bracts minute, persistent. Sepals

elliptic-obtuse, -25 in. long, margins when dry often indexed above.

305

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla sub-eampanulate, '75 in. long, white with a pinkish tinge or

yellowish-white or yellow. Ovary 2-celled, each cell 2-ovuled. Capsule

ovoid, ‘25 in. long, papery, 1-celled, with only a trace of the original

dissepiment near the base. Seeds glabrous. Bull. Herb. Boiss. Y. 382.

Convolvulus ccespitosus, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 483, and

ed. Carey & Wall. II. 70; Wall. Cat. 1357. C. Benthamii, Wall. Cat.

1393. Hewittia ccespitosa, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. II. i. 757.

Skinneria ccespitosa, Choisy Convolv. Or. 105, t. 6, and in DC. Prod. IV.

435. Ipomcea linifolia, Bl. Bijdr. 721 ; Choisy DC. Prod. IX. 369 ;

Benth. PI. Austr. IV. 423 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 205.

I. setulosa, Zoll. & Mor. Syst. Verzeichn. 51.

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 2486! Malacca: Griffith!

Singapore : Kurz 2976 ! Hullett 127 ! 387 ! King ! King’s Collector

1193 !— Distrib. E. Himalaya, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago,

Australia.

5. Merremia convolvulacea, Dennst. Schl. Hort. Malab. 39. A

much-twining glabrous or casually hirsute often muricated herb.

Leaves ovate -cordate, acute, glabrous, margin usually erenate or

toothed, sometimes 3-lobed, 1 to 2 in. long, - 5 to 1 in. wide ; petiole

■5 to 2 in. long. Flowers numerous, rather densely cymose, on axillary

peduncles -5 to 3 in. long; bracts small, caducous. Sepals elliptic,

glabrous, '2 in. long, ultimately sub-patent, margins often at length

sub-involute. Corolla funnel-shaped, externally glabrous, yellow, ’5 to

■6 in. long. Capsule ovoid, sub-angular, at the apex rather thicker

than elsewhere and often depressed, - 25 in. long ; cells 2. Seeds

puberulous. M. hedcracea, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 168,

and Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 126. Evolvulus hedcraceus, Burm.

FI. Ind. 77, t. 30, f. 2. Convolvulus flavus, Willd. Sp. PL 852.

C. strictus, Vahl Symb. III. 28. C. dentatus, Vahl Symb. III. 25 ;

Boxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 62; Wall. Cat. 1349.

Ipomcea striata, Poir. in. Lamk Encyc. Meth. Suppl. IV. 632 ( not of

Both). I. dentata, Willd. ex Boem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 789. I. sub-

triflora, Zoll. & Mor. Verzeichn. 51.

Perak : Durian, King’s Collector 397 ! Larut, Scortechini 1832 !

Pahang: Khol, Ridley 2168! Johore: Serom , Ridley ! Singapore:

Forward ! — Distrib. S.E. Asia, Africa, Australia.

6. Merremia nymph^ifolia, Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895,

127. A large woody climber. Leaves orbicular-ovate, shortly acuminate,

entire, glabrous on both surfaces, peltate with a rounded or slightly

retuse base, 6 to 10 in. long, 5 to 8 in. wide, the floral leaves more

deeply cut and at times cordate with a narrow sinus. Floivers large, in

loose 4-15-flowered cymes on a common peduncle sometimes shorter

306

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the petioles, sometimes longer than the leaves. Sepals broad,

obtuse, coriaceous, nearly equal, in flower -75 in., in fruit nearly 1 in.

long. Corolla wide-campanulate, 2 to 2-5 in. long, glabrous externally,

yellow or white or purplish. Stamens 5 ; anthers hirsute. Capsule

sub-globose, 1 in. in diam. Seeds pilose. Ipomcea nympheeifolia, Bl.

Bijdr. 719; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 107. I. Rumphii,

Miq. Elor. Ind. Bat. II. 605. I. peltata, Choisy, Convolv. Or. 70, and in

DC. Prod. IX. 359; Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. II. 605; Benth. Elor. Austral.

IV. 408; Bak. Elor. Maurit. 208. Convolvulus peltatus, Linn. Sp. PI.

1194. Spiranthera peltata, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 226. Operculina peltata,

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 549; XVIII. 119. Chironia

lanosantliera, Nav. & Fernand. Vill. in. Blanco Elor. Eil. ed. III. Ic. II

t. 261, f. 1.

Perak: Pangkor, Scortechini 1074! Ridley 7158! — Distrib. Masca-

renes, S.E. Asia, Australia, Polynesia.

7. Merremia umbeleata, Hallier f. Eng. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552 ;

var. orientalis, Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895, 132, and Bull. Herb. Boiss.

V. 381. A climbing softly hairy or almost glabrous shrub, stems often

15 to 20 feet long. Leaves cordate or hastate, elliptic or oblong,

obtuse or shortly acute, entire or very rarely sinuate or angled, nerves

rather distinct, softly hairy on both surfaces, or only beneath and

glabrous except the nerves above, rarely quite glabrous above and only

hairy on the nerves beneath ; length 1-5 to 4 in., width 1 to 3 in. ;

petioles often softly hairy, '2 to '6 in. long. Flowers in compact corym-

bose cymes on axillary usually softly hairy peduncles -5 to 1 in. long ;

pedicels 2 to 1 in. long; bracts caducous. Sepals elliptic, obtuse, entire

or mucronate, hairy or glabrous, -25 to -3 in. long. Cmolla tubular-

campanulate, white, or white with a yellow tinge, 1 to 1-5 in. long,

lobes short, at first hirsute externally. Capsule globose, glabrous, "3 in.

wide. Seeds patently hirsute with blackish hairs. Convolvulus blandus,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13 ; Flor. Ind. I. 470, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 50, 70 ;

Wall. Cat. 1342. C. cymosus, Lamk Encyel. Meth. III. 556. C. penta-

gons, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Plor. Ind. I. 485, and ed. Carey & Wall. II.

72 ; Wall. Cat. 1343. C. Rothii, Spreng. Syst. I. 600. Ipomcea cymosa ,

Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 241 ; Blume Cat. Gewachs. Buitenz. 50 ;

Choisy Convolv. Or. 79, and in DC. Prod. IX. 371 ; Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 24 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. VI. 211. I. bifida, Roth Nov. Sp!

118. I. Heynei, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 237. I. Rothii, Roem. &

Schult. Syst. IV. 241. I. Olanda, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. II. 372.

I. caliginosa, Choisy Convolv. Or. 79, and in DC. Prod. IX 370.

Perak : Thaipeng, Scortechini ! Krian, Scortechini ! Larut, King’s

Collector ! Penang : Wallich ! King ! Deschamps I Selangor :

307

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Ridley! Andamans: very common. Nicobabs : Eurz ! Prain ! — -

Disteib. E. and S.E. Asia, Tropical Africa.

Vae. occidentalis , Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 127. Leaves

wide-cordate, softly hairy on both sides, 4 in. long, 3-5 in. wide ; cymes

umbellate ; corolla yellow. Convolvulus umbellatus, Wall. Cat. 2329.

Ipomcea umbellata, Mez Prim. Elor. Esseq. 99. I. cymosa, var. culta,

Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 108.

Peeak: Sungah Ryah, Eunstler 912\ — Disteib. Bengal, naturalised;

Tropical America.

8. Meeeemia ceispatula, Prain Beng. PI. II. 730; vae. anda-

manica, Prain. A large glabrous scandent herb. Leaves ovate-cor-

date, acuminate, margins entire or faintly undulate, glabrous on both

surfaces, 3 to 4 in. long, 2 - 5 to 4 in. wide ; petiole 1 to 1’5 in. long.

Flowers in axillary few-flowered cymes, peduncles l - 5 to 2 in. long,

pedicels '75 to l - 25 in. long, thickened upwards. Sepals orbicular,

■5 in. long, in fruit -75 in. long. Corolla campanulate, limb hardly

lobed, tube hirsute externally, yellow, 1*25 in. long. Capsule sub-

orbicular, -75 in. across. Seeds minutely velvety, margins somewhat

shaggy. Ipomcea petaloidea, var. andamanica, Prain Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. LXIII. 2, 110.

Andamans : S. Andaman, common.

This is in all probability specifically distinct from Merremia crispatula ( Ipomcea

petaloidea, Choisy), but it seems preferable to treat it for the moment as a variety of that

species and not as a new species, because of its remarkable resemblance to Merremia

Riedeliana, Hallier f. (Ipomcea Riedeliana, Oliv.), and Merremia mammosa, Hallier f.

(Ipomcea mammosa, Choisy). From the former, as described and figured by Oliver,

this differs in having a 4-celled ovary with 1 ovule in each cell, whereas M. Riedeliana

has a 2-celled ovary with 4, sometimes 5, ovules in each cell. From M. mammosa , as

figured by Eumphius, this differs in having obtuse calyx-lobes and a shaggy corolla ;

Bumphius’ figure shows the sepals acute and the corolla glabrous. This plant appears

to be the same thing as Convolvulus platypeltis, Span., from Timor, and if it proves to

be distinct alike from M. Riedeliana and M. mammosa, which last is cited by Dr. Hallier

as an Andaman plant, though we have no authentic example of M. mammosa from

the Andamans at Calcutta, the name it should bear will be Merremia platypeltis.

12. Opeeculina, Manso.

Large herbaceous climbers ; stems, peduncles and petioles usually

winged. Leaves large, entire or lobed, rarely peltate. Flowers large,

showy, axillary, solitary or often in few-flowered cymes. Sepals 5, large,

ovoid, glabrous, accrescent in fruit and ultimately irregularly splitting

from the tip. Corolla infundibuliform, rarely campanulate ; tube with

5 vertical smooth bands. Stamens 5 ; filaments filiform ; anthers large,

at length contorted ; pollen never spinulose. ' Ovary 2-celled, glabrous ;

ovules 4 ; style filiform ; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a capsule, not

308

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

opening by valves ; the epicarp eircumscissile above the middle, the

cap in separating carrying away the style ; the endocarp at first entire,

at length rupturing irregularly. Seeds usually solitary, rarely more

than one, black, smooth or furred, usually large. — Distrib. Species

15, tropics generally.

Stems winged ; bracts large, coloured ; flowers white or pale yellow ;

leaves softly pubescent, not palmate . . . . . . 1. 0. Turpethum.

Stems not winged ; bracts small : flowers brilliant yellow ; leaves

glabrous, deeply palmately lobed .. .. ..2. O.tuberosa.

1. Operculina Turpethum, Manso En. PI. Bras. 16, n. 49. A

stout softly pubescent climber, with strong twining 4-angled or com-

pressed less often sub-cylindric winged stems, wings membranous.

Leaves large, ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 3 in.

wide, base cordate or truncate ; petiole 1 in. long. Floivers axillary, in

few-flowered cymes ; peduncles 1 to 4 in. long ; bracts oblong, 1 in. long,

sometimes pinkish-purple, caducous. Sepals 5, ovate, softly pubescent,

•5 in. long; in fruit accrescent orbicular, concave, scarious and fissile,

1 in. long. Corolla white or pale yellow, tubular-campanulate, l - 5 in.

long. Stamens 5, included, anthers at length contorted. Capsule globose,

■5 to -75 in. across. Seeds 4 or fewer, glabrous. Hallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVIII. 120, and Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895, 128. Convolvulus

Turpethum, Linn. Sp. PI. 155 ; Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Elor. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 57, and Elor. Ind. I. 476 ; Wall. Cat. 1371 ; Bot.

Mag. t. 2093 ; Hassk. PL Jav. Ear. 518. C. anceps, Linn. Mantiss. 43.

C. triqueter, Vahl Symb. III. 30. Ipomcea Turpethum, E. Br. Prod.

I. 485 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 279 ; Chois. Convolv. Or. 68, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 360 ; Kurz Bor. Flor. Burm. II. 218 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Elor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 212. J. anceps, Eoem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 231 ; Bl. Bijdr. 714 ;

Choisy Convolv. Or. 68, and in DC. Prod. IX. 360. I. triquetra, Eoem. &

Schult. Syst. IV. 231. Spiranthera Turpethum, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 226.

Argyreia alulata, Miq. Elor. Ind. Bat. II. 587.

Andamans: Narcondam, Prain ! Nicobars: Kamorta, Kurz!

Malacca : Griffith ! — Distrib. E. Africa, S.E. Asia, Australia,

Polynesia.

2. Operculina tubeeosa, Meissn. in Mart. El. Bras. VII. 212. A

stout glabrous climber with strong twining smooth or muricate stems.

Leaves large, ovate, deeply palmately lobed ; lobes elliptic-lanceolate,

acuminate, entire, 3 to 5 in. across ; petiole 2 to 5 in. long. Flowers

axillary in many-flowered cymes ; peduncles 2 to 6 in. long ; bracts

deciduous ; pedicels -25 to 1 in. long. Sepals 5, elliptic-oblong, obtuse ;

accrescent in fruit and spreading, ultimately 2 in. long, 1 to 1'5 in. wide.

Corolla yellow, tubular-campanulate, 2 in. long. Stamens 5, included,

309

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

anthers twisted. Capsule globose, -3 in. wide; peduncle somewhat

thickened. Seeds furred along the angles. Hallier f., in Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVI. 476, 549; XVIII. 119; Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 128,

and Bull. Herb. Boiss. VII. 410. Ipomcea tuberosa, Linn. Sp. PL 160 ;

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 362 {partly ).

Singapore: Hullett 645, in cultivation. — Distrib. America, Africa,

India, Malaya, New Caledonia.

Lepistemon, Bl.

Stout climbing herbs, with villous stems. Leaves cordate, often

more or less lobed. Flowers in very dense axillary cymes; bracts

narrow, deciduous. Sepals 5, sub-equal, herbaceous, hispid or glabrous,

acute or obtuse. Corolla small, yellowish-white ; tube hirsute ex-

ternally, narrowed and shortly cylindric at base, urceolate above ; limb

shortly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included ; filaments dilated at their bases

into 5 sub-equal, concave scales arched over the ovary; disk large

.cupular. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 4 ; style very short ; stigma 2-partite,

sub-capitate. Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Seeds glabrous. — Distrib.

Bpecies 3, S.E. Asiatic and African.

Lepistemon flavescens, Bl. Bijdr. 722. A climber with stout

fulvous-villous stems. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, entire or often

•distinctly 3-lobed, densely tawny-tomentose on both surfaces; 3 to 5 in.

wide ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers yellowish-white in closely 10-

30-flowered axillary cymes, sessile or on short peduncles -25 to -5 in.

long; bracts tawny-hirsute, -2 in. long, deciduous. Sepals 5, rather

narrowly ovate to lanceolate, sub-acute to rather finely acuminate,

densely patently sub-strigose, -35 to -4 in. long. Corolla narrow and

hyaline at the base, membranous and from slightly to widely urceolate

above ; tube hirsute externally ; limb widely infundibuliform. Stamens

5, the basal processes papillose or hirsute, included in the lower part of

ithe corolla-tube and overarching the short style ; filaments glabrous,

included in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules

4; style very short ; stigma 2-lobed, lobes sub-globose. Capsule ovoid,

glabrous, 2-celled, 4-valved, -25 in. long, normally 4-seeded. Seeds

.glabrous. Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 629 ; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXIII. 2, 111 ; Wight Ic. t. 1362 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 348. L.

Wallichii, Choisy Convolv. Or. 61, and in DC. Prod. IX. 348 ; Clarke in

Hook. f. Elor. Brit. Ind. IV. 216. Convolvulus cephalanthus , Wall.

Cat. 1402. C. binectariferus, Wall, in Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 47. Vallaris controversa , Spreng. Syst. cur. post. 65.

Ipomcea Wallichii, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. Nemodon sp., Griff. Notul.

IV. 286.

310

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : Larut, Scortechini n. 1544 ! Goping, King’s Collector 987 1

1059! — Distrib. Assam, Tenasserim, Chittagong, Java, Borneo,.

Philippines.

The three gatherings from Perak agree with each other in every respect. They

differ from the plant as it occurs in Tenasserim, in having a more widely urceolate-

corolla and even longer and more lanceolate sepals ; at the same time they differ

from the plant as it occurs in the Malay Archipelago, in having the sepals narrowly

lanceolate and acuminate, instead of ovate and sub-acute. As regards corolla,

however, they are exactly like the species as it occurs elsewhere in Malaya. Since

the Perak plant combines the characters of the two previously recognised species —

L. Wallichii with long acuminate sepals and L. flavescens with wide-urceolate corolla —

it appears to afford conclusive proof of the suggestion already made by Clarke, l.c.,

that the Assamese and the Malayan plants are no more than forms of one somewhat

variable species. An Indian form occurs in Travancore ; this has been characterised

by Stapf as a distinct species, L. leiocalyx, probably quite justly, since the Travancore

plant has quite glabrous and obtuse sepals : the same form occurs in Chittagong

otherwise, however, the Indian plant agrees with the forms reported from Indo-China

and Malaya.

Ipomcea, Linn.

Herbs, rarely shrubs, twining or prostrate, less often sub- erect or

erect. Leaves alternate, entire lobed or divided. Floivers axillary,

solitary or in cymes, the cymes rarely paniculate, or in terminal spikes ;

bracts various. Sepals 5, ovate or linear, equal or unequal. Corolla

campanulate or infundibuliform ; limb plicate, very slightly 5-lobed.

Stamens 5, included or very rarely exserted ; filaments filiform or

dilated at the base, often somewhat unequal ; anthers straight or con-

torted ; pollen spinulose. Ovary 1-3-celled, rarely 4-celled ; ovules 4,.

rarely 6 ; style filiform ; stigma capitate, entire or 2-3-globose, rarely

stigmas 2, linear. Fruit a 4-6-valved capsule, rarely indehiscent. Seeds

4, less often 6, rarely solitary, glabrous, bearded, or uniformly velvety

or woolly. — Distrib. Species about 300, throughout the tropics.

Leaves softly pubescent or densely hirsute on both surfaces : —

Leaves deeply 5-7-lobed ; flowers densely capitate with a

whorl of involucrant bracts

Leaves entire or slightly 3-lobed ; flowers in congested

cymes, with often one of the bracts foliaceous

Leaves glabrous or only slightly hirsute or pubescent

Leaves all deeply 5- or more-lobed, glabrous : —

Leaves digitately 5-lobed, lobes nearly if not quite

distinct at the base ; flowers more or less white

Leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes not as a rule more

than three-fourths cut to the base ; flowers purplish-

pink

Leaves entire or slightly obed or if (rarely) deeply lobed the

lobes only 2 : —

Flowers in few-flowered axillary cymes : —

Cymes corymbose and lax or flowers 2 or solitary : —

1. I. Pes-Tigridis.

2. I. Lean.

3. I. pulcliella.

4. I. paniculata..

311

Flora of the. Malayan Peninsula.

Terrestrial, firm-stemmed plants : —

Flowers purple : —

Leaves ovate-eordate, acute or acuminate, entire

or more or less lobed : —

Cultivated species with tuberous edible roots,

often without flowers, rarely with seeds

Wild plants or if grown in gardens with the

roots not edible : —

Large stout climbers on bushes near sea-

coasts ; flowers large, 4 in. long ; sepals

obtuse . .

Slender climbers ; flowers never more than

l - 5 in. long ; sepals acute or acuminate : —

Climbing or trailing herbs on sea-beaches ;

flowers 1‘5 in. long

Climbing herbs in gardens, or garden

escapes ; flowers -5 in. long

Leaves oblong, obtuse or 2-lobed ; littoral sand-

binding creepers

Flowers white or yellowish-white ; leaves oblong or

linear-oblong, emarginate, sometimes lobed, occa-

sionally lyrate ; littoral sand-binding creepers

Aquatic or palustrine herbs ; stems soft, thick and

spongy, trailing and rooting on wet mud or floating

in ponds and ditches ; flowers purple

Cymes subumbellate, dense ; flowers pale purple, or

white with a darker purple eye

Flowers in many-flowered rather condensed axillary r 13.

panicles ; flowers white, slightly tinged with pink . . \

5. I. Batatas.

6. I. illustris.

7. I. denticulata.

8. I. triloba.

9. J. Pes-Caprce.

10. I. littoralis.

11. Z. reptans.

12 .

I. sagittafolia.

I. staphylina,

vab. malayana.

1. Ipomxea Pes-Tigridis, Linn. Sp. PI. 162. A hirsute twining herb;

■stems patently hirsute. Leaves hirsute on both surfaces, deeply

5-9-lobed, lobes elliptic, acuminate, narrowed at the base ; length

1 to 5 in., width 1 to 4 in. ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers densely

capitate, on axillary hirsute peduncles - 5 to 3 in. long ; the heads

surrounded by a whorl of fulvous-hirsute bracts, the outer ovate or

elliptic-oblong with cuneate or rounded bases 1 in. long, the inner

narrower acute - 5 to - 75 in. long. Sepals lanceolate, acute, tawny-

hirsute, '3 to - 5 in. long, scarcely altered in fruit. Corolla 1'25 in.

long, sparsely strigose externally, infundibuliform with rather narrow

tube and abruptly widened mouth, pink. Capsule ovoid, -25 in. long,

glabrous, chartaceous. Seeds minutely velvety. Eoxb. Flor. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 93; Bl. Bijdr. 709; Wight Ic. t. 836; Choisy

Convolv. Or. 73, and in DC. Prod. IX. 363 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 204 ; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus

Pes-Tigridis, Spreng. Syst. I. 592 ; Wall. Cat. 1374. C. bryoniafolius

Salisb. Prod. 125. Convolvuloides palmata, Moench. Meth. 452.

Rheede Hort. Malab. XI. t. 59.

312

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Malacca: Griffith! — Distrib. Tropical Africa, S.E. Asia generally.

2. Ipomcea Leari, Paxt. Bot. Mag. YI. 267. A large hirsute climber,

with perennial root. Leaves widely or deeply cordate, acute, entire or

slightly 3-lobed, softly sparingly hirsute above, more densely beneath ;

length 3 to 6 in., width 2 to 5 in.; petiole hirsute, 2 to 3 in. long.

Flowers in congested 3-7-flowered cymes on axillary softly pubescent

peduncles 3 to 7 in. long ; bracts linear acuminate -3 to -4 in. long, with

casually a foliaceous bract 1-5 in. long, -3 to -5 in. wide, with a cuneate,.

less often sub-cordate base, close to the flowers. Sepals lanceolate,,

acuminate, -75 in. long, pubescent. Corolla abruptly campanulate

from a narrow cylindric base, tube 2-75 to 3 in. long, purple-blue or

mixed red and blue, changing with age. Fruit not seen. I. congesta,

Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 104 (not of R. Br.). Pharbitis

Learii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3928 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 343.

Singapore : Hullett ! — Distrib. Cultivated throughout the tropics,

native of America.

Mr. Hullett, whose plant was probably an escape, notes on his specimen (Hullett

646) : “ January, 1885 : blue convolvulus, wild ? Have never seen it in seed.”

3. Ipomcea pulchella, Roth Nov. Sp. 115. A glabrous twining herb.

Leaves glabrous, digitate, 5-lobed, lobes ovate-acute, base cuneate,

central largest 1-25 to 1-5 in. long, -5 to -75 in. wide, basal smallest

■5 to - 75 in. long, '3 to '5 in. wide; petiole glabrous, '75 to 2 in. long.

Flowers in axillary 1-3-flowered cymes ; peduncles - 25 to 1'25 in. long;

bracts minute, deciduous ; pedicels -5 in. long, with small ovate sub-

persistent bracteoles below the middle. Sepals ovate, glabrous, '2 to

■25 in. long, the inner obtuse, the outer sub-acute. Corolla campanu-

late, 2 in. long, white or with a tinge of rose. Capsule globose,,

glabrous, - 5 in. wide. Seeds villous. Wight Ic. 158 ; Choisy in DC.

Prod. IX. 386. I. palmata Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 386

in part (not I. palmata, Porsk = I. cairica, Sweet).

Malacca : Maingay. Singapore : Tanglin, Bidlcy 5817 ! — Distrib.

India, Indo- China.

Mr. Bidley’s specimens may be from plants escaped from cultivation ; they are

noted as “from behind the stable, Tanglin.” This is one of two species often

cultivated in India under the name of the “Bailway Creeper”; the other species

so termed is the American Merremia quinquefolia, Hallier f. ; the latter we have not

yet received from the Malay peninsula, though it has already escaped and become

domesticated near Port Blair in the Andamans.

4. Ipomcea paniculata, B. Br. Prod. I. 486. A large scandent

perennial climber with a tuberous root ; stems glabrous. Leaves

palmately 5-7-lobed, glabrous, the lobes sometimes cut almost to

313

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the base, lanceolate or elliptic, often spathulate ; length 3 to 7 in.,

width 2-5 to 6 in. ; petiole 2 to 5 in. long. Flowers in many-flowered

axillary cymes, on peduncles 2 to 6 in. long; pedicels "25 to ‘75 in.

long ; bracts deciduous. Sepals elliptic, shortly acute, glabrous,

■25 to -3 in. long, enlarged and concave in fruit, - 4 to -5 in. long.

Corolla 1-5 to 2-25 in. long, glabrous externally, wide-campanulate,

purplish-pink. Stamens 5, anthers straight. Ovary 4-celled for three-

fourths of its height or throughout. Capsule ovoid, '3 in. long, 4-celled

throughout, 4-valved. Seeds woolly with long hairs which protrude

from the chinks of the capsule. Bl. Bijdr. 709 ; Bot. Beg. t. 62 ;

Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus paniculatus, Linn.

Sp. PI. 223 ; Boxb. Flor. Ind. I. 478, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 63 ; Wall.

Cat. 1350; Spreng. Syst. I. 591. C. platensis, Spreng. Syst. 1.591.

C. insignis, Spreng. Syst. I. 592. C. roseus, Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl.

III. 108 {not of Miller). Ipomaa digitata, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 924 ;

Meissn. in Mart. PI. Brasil. VII. 278 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 389 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 202. I. mauritiana, Jacq. Hort.

Schoenbr. II. 39, t. 200. I. gossypifolia, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 208.

I. eriosperma, Beauv. PL Owar. & Benin II. 73, t. 105. I. insignis,

Andr. Bot. Bep. t. 665; Bot. Beg. t. 75; Bot. Mag. t. 1790. I. tuberosa,

G. P. W. Mey. Prim. PI. Esseq. 102. I. platensis, Ker-Gawl. Bot. Reg.

t. 333 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3685 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 387. Batatas

paniculata, Choisy Convolv. Or. 54, t. 1, f. 2, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 339 ; Wight Madr. Journ. Lit. IV. t. 11. B. edulis, var. y, Choisy

in DC. Prod. IX. 339.

Perak: Scortechini ! Penang: T Vallich 1350! Deschamps ! Singa-

pore : Chan-chu-kang, Ridley 3909 !— Distrib. Cosmopolitan in the

tropics.

5. Ipomcea Batatas, Lamk Encycl. Meth. VI. 14. A trailing or

twining glabrous or sparingly hairy herb with tuberous roots ; tubers

red, white, or occasionally yellow. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, entile

or angular or somewhat lobed ; 2 to 4 in. long, 2 to 3'5 in. wide ; petiole

2 to 5 in. long. Floivers in few-flowered cymes, very often none pro-

duced, on axillary peduncles 1 to 4 in. long ; pedicels - 25 to - 5 in. long ;

bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous. Sepals narrowly oblong, acute, the

outer shorter, '5 to '6 in. long. Corolla 1 to 2 in. long, purplish,

glabrous externally, campanulate. Stamens 5, filaments slightly

hirsute at the base. Ovary 4-celled, glabrous, half-enveloped by the

undulate disk. Capsule 4-celled, or casually 3— 1-celled by sup-

pression. Seeds glabrous. Bl. Bijdr. 712 ; Meissn. in Mart. PI.

Brasil. VII. 282 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 202 ; Hallier

f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 380. I. Catesbcei, G. P. W. Mey. Prim. PL

314

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Esseq. 103. Convolvulus Batatas, Linn. Sp. PI. 154 ; Eoxb. Plor. Ind.

I. 483, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 69 ; Wall. Cat. 1356. C. indicus,

Moris. Hist. II. sect. I. t. 3, f. 4. C. edulis, Thunb. El. Japon. 84. C.

esculentus, Salisb. Prod. 123. Batatas edulis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 53,

and in DC. Prod. IX. 338. B. xanthorhiza Boj. Hort. Maurit. 225.

Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 130. Rheede Hort. Malab. VII. t. 50.

Perak : Larut ; Scortechini 1836 ! but doubtless also present in

other provinces, cultivated.

The Sweet Potato ; very rarely seen in flower, still more rarely in fruit. A

native of America, but now grown throughout the tropics.

6. IPOMiEA illustris, Prain Beng. PI. II. 735. A glabrous climber.

Leaves ovate or oblong, cordate or hastate, entire, glabrous, apex

acuminate; nerves rather prominent; 4 to 6 in. long, 35 to 5 in. wide;

petiole P5 to 2 in. long. Flowers in axillary cymes ; peduncles 1 to

1 "5 in. long, usually 2-3-flowered, often 1-flowered; bracts caducous;

pedicels ’5 to P5 in. long. Sepals orbicular, obtuse, glabrous, '3 to

■4 in. long. Corolla rather wide-campanulate, purple, 4 to 4‘5 in.

l° n g> glabrous, limb 3 in. wide. Capsule -5 in. wide, globose. Seeds

with long silky hairs. J. campanulata var. illustris, Clarke in Hook. f.

Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 211.

Andamans : on the coasts, everywhere. Penang : Pulo Boetong,

Curtis 1970! — Distrib. Coasts of Ceylon, Sunderbuns, Indo-China,

and Malay Archipelago.

This is very nearly allied to I. campanulata, Linn., which appears, however, to be

always an inland species, whereas this is always a littoral plant. I. illustris differs

further in having flowers at least one-half larger, sepals quite glabrous, and fewer

flowers to the cyme.

7. Ipomcea denticulata, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 379 ( not of R. Br.).

A glabrous trailing or twining littoral herb. Leaves ovate-cordate,

acute, entire denticulate angled or sub-lobate, base rather deep-

cordate with an obtuse sinus, firm in texture but hardly fleshy; 1 to

2 5 in. long, - 75 to l - 75 in. wide ; petiole l - 5 in. long. Flowers axillary

on short 1-3-flowered peduncles, never more than 1-5 in. long; pedicels

(often only one) 1 to P25 in. long; bracts -2 in. long, linear. Sepals

elliptic, abruptly acute, sub-scarious, -4 in. long. Corolla 1-5 in. long,

tube funnel-shaped, abruptly widening at the mouth, purple. Ovary

2-celled. Capsule globose, -3 in. in diam., glabrous. Seeds smooth.

Benth. PI. Austr. IV. 421 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 298;

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 554. I. littoralis, Bl. Bijdr. 713

Thw. Enum. 211 (not of Boiss.). I. subdentata, Miq. PI. Ind. Bat. II.

614. I. cymosa, Bak. PI. Maurit. 208 (not of Roem. & Schult.). J.

315

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nicobarioa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLY. 2, 111. Convolvulus denticu-

latus, Lamk Encyol. Meth. III. 540.

Perak : Dindings, Scortechini 1066 ! Curtis 3449 ! Penang :

Bagian Jumal, Curtis 1974 ! Pahang : Rumpin, Bidley ! Nicobars :

■common. Andamans : very common. — Distrib. Coasts of the Indian

and Pacific Oceans, from the Seychelles to Polynesia.

This species, in the writer’s experience, prefers shingle beaches, though occasionally

it is to be met with on sandy beaches along with I. biloba.

8. Ipomcea triloba, Linn. Sp. PI. 229. A twining or prostrate

herb with glabrous slightly angular stem. Leaves cordate, acuminate

to an often rounded tip, entire or toothed or occasionally 3-lobed ; P5

to 2 in. long, P25 to l - 75 in. wide ; petiole slender, 1'75 to 2 in. loDg.

Flowers in axillary 1-4-flowered cymes ; peduncles 1 to 1'5 in. long ;

bracts lanceolate, -2 in. long, deciduous ; pedicels - 25 to ‘35 in. long.

Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate with spreading yellowish hairs,

•35 in. long. Corolla tubular, purple, ‘5 in. long. Capsule pilose.

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 383.

Singapore : Hullett ! — Distrib. Cultivated in the tropics ; native

of America.

Under his n. 68, Mr. Hullett sent to Calcutta, in 1884, as Ipomcea coccinea, a

mixture of two species, one of which is Quamoelit plmnicea, the other being Ipomcea

triloba; as they are not noted as cultivated it seems possible that I. triloba may

at least casually occur as an escape at Singapore. For the detection of this mixture,

which had not been observed by the writer when arranging the Calcutta Con-

volvulaceee in 1894 ( see Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 83 et seq.), we are indebted

to Dr. H. Hallier.

9. Ipomcea Pes-Caprjs, Roth Nov. Sp. 109. A glabrous extensive

sand-binding creeper. Leaves orbicular or oblong, obtuse emarginate

or 2-lobed ; 1 to 4 in. long and sometimes wider than long ; thick, fleshy,

when dry distinctly nerved ; petiole 1 to 4 in. long. Floivers in

axillary 1-3-flowered cymes ; peduncles 1 to 4 in. long ; bracts

•2 in. long, lanceolate, deciduous ; pedicels -75 to l - 5 in. long. Sepals

ovate, obtuse, glabrous, ’5 to -6 in. long, slightly enlarged in fruit.

Corolla tubular-eampanulate, glabrous, 2 in. long, purple. Capsule

ovoid, glabrous, -5 in. long. Seeds villous. Choisy Convolv. Or. 63, and

in DC. Prod. IX. 349 ; Meissn. in Mart. PI. Brasil. VII. 256 ; Hallier f.

Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 381. I. biloba, Porsk. Plor. iEgypt.-Arab. 44 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 212. I. maritima, R. Br. Prod.

486; Bl. Bijdr. 720; Bot. Reg. t. 319. Convolvulus Pes-Capra, Linn.

Sp. PI. 159 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Plor. Ind. I. 486, and ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 74; Wall. Cat. 1360. C. maritimus, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

316

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

III. 550. C. bilobatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 485, and ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 73 ; Wall. Cat. 1359. Batatas maritima, Boj. Hort.

Maurit. 225. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 159, f. 1. Rheede Hort.

Malab. XI. t. 57.

Penang : on the coast, Deschamps ! — Distrib. Sea-shores of all

tropical countries.

10. Ipomcea littoralis, Boiss. PI. Orient. IV. 112. A glabrous or

slightly puberulous sand-binding creeper. Leaves oblong, emarginate

or lobed, often deeply so, and sometimes linear-oblong or linear or

sub-lyrate, nerves very obscure ; length 1-25 to 1'5 in., width ‘25 to

•75 in. ; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers in axillary 1-3-flowered cymes ;

peduncles 1 in. long ; bracts -2 in. long, linear-lanceolate, sub-per-

sistent ; pedicels in fruit slightly clavate, '75 to 1 in. long. Sepals

ovate-obtuse or ovate-lanceolate, - 6 in. long, obtuse with or without a

terminal mucro. Corolla white or yellowish-white, 1'75 to 2 in. long,

campanulate. Capsule ovoid, glabrous, - 4 in. long. Seeds villous.

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 555. I. carnosa, R. Br. Prod. 485 ;

Benth. PI. Austral. IV. 419; Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 213.

I. acetoscefoiia, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV. 246; Meissn. in Mart. PI. Brasil.

VII. 255, t. 94. I. longifolia, Benth. PI. Hartweg. 16 ; Bot. Reg.

1840, t. 21. Convolvulus littoralis, Linn. Sp. PI. 227. C. acetoscefolius,

Vahl Eclog. I. 18. C. arenarius, Vahl Symb. I. 18. C. carnosus,

Spreng. Syst. I. 609. C. stoloniferus, Cyril. PI. Rar. I. t. 5. Batatas

littoralis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 124, and in DC. Prod. IX. 337. B.

acetoscefoiia, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 338.

Malacca : Griffith. Pahang : Rumpin, Ridley ! — Distrib. Sea-

shores of all tropical countries.

11. Ipomcea reptans, Poir. Encyc. Meth. Suppl. III. 460. An annual

glabrous aquatic, stems prostrate on mud or floating on the surface

of ditches and pools, hollow and spongy, rooting at the nodes below.

Leaves elliptic-oblong, or cordate or hastate or oblong or lanceolate,

entire or angular or sub-lobate ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2'5 in. wide; petiole

1 to 6 in. long. Flowers in axillary 1-5-flowered cymes ; peduncles

2 to 7 in. long ; bracts inconspicuous ; pedicels 1 to 2 in. long. Sepals

ovate, obtuse, glabrous or faintly puberulous, -4 in. long. Corolla 2 in.

long, purple, infundibuliform-campanulate. Capsule ovoid, glabrous,

'3 in. long, 2-4-seeded. Seeds glabrous or very minutely closely silky.

Bl. Bijdr. 714; Choisy Convolv. Or. 62, and in DC. Prod. IX. 349 ; Hallier

f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 380. I. aquatiea, Porsk. Plor. iEgypt.-Arab.

44 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 210. I. repens, Roth Nov.

Sp. 110 ; Bl. Bijdr. 713. I. subdentata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 614.

Convolvulus reptans, Linn. Sp. PI. 158; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14. C. repens.

317

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Vahl Symb. I. 17 ; Eoxb. FI. Ind. I. 432, and ed. Carey & Wall. II.

68 ; Wall. Cat. 1355 (not of Linn.). C. Adansonii, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

III. 560. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. Y. t. 155, f. 1. Rheede Hort. Malab.

XI. t. 52.

Andamans : Port Blair, Prain ! and probably in some of the other

provinces. — Distrib. Tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.

12. Ipomcea SAGiTTiEFOLiA, Burm. Flor. Ind. 50. A perennial glabrous

or at times pubescent or hirsute twining herb. Leaves ovate-cordate,

acute, glabrous or sometimes pubescent, entire or sinuate, rarely

lobed, basal lobes usually rounded; length 1 to 2’5 in., width '75-2 in. ;

petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in axillary peduncled sub-umbellate

cymes ; peduncles '5 to 7 in. long ; bracts small, lanceolate, caducous ;

pedicels '3 to ■ 5 in. long, in fruit thickened and clavate. Sepals ovate,

sub-obtuse, slightly puberulous, '2 in. long, when dry slightly muriculate

externally. Corolla pale purple or white with a purple eye, 1’5 to 2 in.

long; tube cylindric, limb abruptly explanate. Capsidc ’25 to ’3 in.

long, ovoid, 2-4-seeded. Seeds furred. I. sepiaria, Koen. ex Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 500, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 90 ; Choisy

Convolv. Or. 82, and in DC. Prod. IX. 370, Wight Ic. t. 838; Clarke in

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 209. I. striata, Roth Nov. Sp. 111. I. Heynei,

Wall. Cat. 1387. Convolvulus maximus, Vahl Symb. III. 26. C. strictus,

Vahl Symb III. 27. C. marginatus, Lamk Encyc. Meth. III. 558.

C. sepiarius, Wall. Cat. 1384. C. incrassatus, Wall. Cat. 1386. Rheede

Hort. Malab. XI. t. 53.

Kedah : at 100 feet elevation, King’s Collector 1705 ! Malacca :

Merliman Road, Derry 353 ! Singapore : Bidley 6660 ! 11261 ! —

Distrib. S.E. Asia generally.

13. Ipomcea staphylina, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 249; var.

malayana, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 106. A glabrous

scandent shrub over 90 feet long. Leaves glabrous, rather thick, dull

green on both surfaces, sub-acute rather prominently veined ; 2-5 to

4 in. long ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers numerous in rather

dense panicles, 2 - 5 in. long, 2 in. wide ; peduncles '5 to 1'5 in. long ,

bracts small, caducous; pedicels - 1 to - 25 in. long, mostly short. Sepals

ovate, obtuse, glabrous, '2 in. long. Corolla white, slightly tinged

with pink ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped throughout, 1 to 1'25 in. long,

hardly -3 in. wide at the throat, limb rather narrow, abruptly explanate.

Capsule ovoid, sub-acute, - 3 in. long, 4-seeded. Seeds with long silky

hairs. Convolvulus polyanthus, Wall. Cat. 1378. Lettsomia sumatrana,

Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 560.

Penang: Porter (Wallich 1378)1 Perak: Larut, Scortechini !

King’s Collector 1119 1 2538 ! 5091 !— Distrib. Sumatra.

318

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

This is very like typical I. staphylina, a species widespread in India, but differs

considerably in the shape and size of the corolla, that of true Z. staphylina being wide-

campanulate from a very short, narrow-cylindric base, usually -5 to '75, very rarely

1 in. long, and -5 to "75 sometimes 1 in. wide at the limb.

15. Quamoclit, Moench.

Annual twining glabrous herbs. Leaves cordate and angled or lobed,

occasionally divided. Flowers axillary, in few-flowered cymes ; bracts

small. Sepals 5, sub-equal or the outer rather the smaller ; their apices

often sub-aristate. Corolla pink or red, hypocrateriform, slightly irre-

gular ; tube slender or slightly infundibuliform ; limb very slightly

5-lobed, spreading. Stamens 5, resupinate, much exserted; filaments

unequal. Ovary glabrous 4-celled ; ovules 4 ; style rather longer

than the stamens ; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a 4-celled 1-valved

capsule, the septa thin, persistent. Seeds 4, black, dull, puberulous

or glabrous. — Distrib. Species 7, mainly American, 2 now widely

spread in the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.

Leaves ovate-cordate, entire or lobed . . . . . . 1. Q. phcenicea.

Leaves ovate, deeply pinnately divided into numerous linear segments 2. Q. pinnata.

1. Quamoclit phcenicea, Chois. Convolv. Or. 51, t. 1, f. 1. A weak

climbing or sub-scandent herb. Leaves ovate-cordate acute, glabrous,

entire or lobed; 2 to 3 in. long, 2 to 2 - 5 in. wide; petiole 2 to 4 in. long.

Flowers in axillary lax few-flowered cymes ; peduncles slender, 2 to 6 in.

long ; pedicels erect ; bracts minute. Sepals 5, elliptic, abruptly acumi-

nate, - 25 in. long, unchanged in fruit. Corolla dark-red, or variously

in cultivated forms orange or yellow ; tube slender, 1 in. long ; limb

salver-shaped, somewhat oblique, '75 in. across. Stamens 5, exserted.

Capsule smooth, ovoid, "3 in. long, completely 4-celled with membranous

persistent septa. Seeds pubescent. Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 336;

Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. Y. 1042. Convolvulus phceniceus, Spreng.

Syst. I. 596 ; Wall. Cat. 1372. Ipomcea phcenicea, Roxb. Hort. Beng.

14, Plor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 92, and Plor. Ind. I. 502.

I. coccinea, Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 199.

Singapore : Hullett ! — Distrib. Widely naturalised throughout

S.E. Asia, native of America.

This, as Dr. Hallier notes on a sheet in Herb. Calcutta, is much larger and

moie vigorous in all its parts than is Z. coccinea, with which it is usually confounded

in Eastern collections ; it differs besides in having erect and not nodding pedicels. Z.

coccinea is not, so far as is known, semi-spontaneous anywhere in S.E. Asia ; the

present species is now very widespread there in a wild condition.

2. Quamoclit pinnata, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 224. A slender glabrous

twining herb. Leaves ovate in outline, deeply pinnately divided into

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 319'

numerous distant linear segments, glabrous ; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

wide ; petioles 1 to 3 in. long. Floivers in axillary lax few-flowered cymes ;

peduncles slender, 2 to 4 in. long ; pedicels erect, if more than one

virgate ; bracts minute. Sepals 5, elliptic, -25 in. long, hardly changed

in fruit. Corolla dark red, occasionally in cultivated varieties white ;

tube slender, 1 in. long ; limb salver-shaped, somewhat oblique, -75 in.

across. Stamens 5, exserted. Capsule smooth, ovoid, - 3 in. long, com-

pletely 4-celled with membranous persistent septa. Seeds puberulous.

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 154. Q. vulgaris, Choisy Convolv.

Or. 52, and in DC. Prod. IX. 336. Convolvulus pinnatus, Desr. in Lamk

Encyc. Meth. III. 567. C. Quamoclit, Spreng. Syst. I. 591 ; Wall. Cat-

1375. Ipomcea Quamoclit, Linn. Sp. PI. 159 ; Bot. Mag. t. 244 ; Bl.

Bijdr. 708 ; Boxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Elor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 93,

and Elor. Ind. I. 502 ; Clarke in Hook f. Elor. Brit. Ind. IV. 199.

Penang : Batu Gaja jungles, Dcschamps ! — Distrib. Widely

naturalised in S.E. Asia, native of America.

16. Calonyction, Choisy.

Large herbaceous climbers, stems usually muricate. Leaves large,

cordate, entire or angled. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered axillary

cymes ; bracts caducous. Sepals 5, herbaceous, smooth, usually

aristate, sub-equal or the outer smaller. Corolla large, salver-shaped,,

white or rose-purple ; tube narrow-cylindric ; limb plicate. Stamens 5,

adnate to corolla-tube, considerably exserted. Ovary glabrous, 2-

locular ; ovules 4 ; style filiform ; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a 4-valved

capsule. Seeds 4, dull, glabrous. — Species 6 to 7, all tropical American,.

2 now widespread and sub-spontaneous in the tropics of the Eastern

Hemisphere.

Calonyction bona-nox, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 227. A large climber,,

stems smooth or muricate, glabrous. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute,

glabrous, entire or casually lobed; 3 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. wide; petiole

3 to 6 in. long. Floivers on axillary 1-5-flowered peduncles, 2 to 6 in.

long ; bracts caducous. Sepals 5, usually ovate, obtuse with a mucro,

very slightly enlarged in fruit, glabrous ; - 5 in. long. Corolla 3 in-

long ; tube linear, -2 in. wide ; limb salver-shaped, 3 to 5 in. wide, white.

Stamens 5, slightly unequal, distinctly exserted. Capsule ovoid-oblong,

narrowed upwards, 1 in. long ; peduncle in fruit slightly thickened.

Seeds glabrous. Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 1028. C. noctilucum,

Don in Sw. Hort. Brit. ed. III. 482. C. speciosum, Choisy Mem. Soc.

Gen. VI. 441, t. 1, f. 4, and in DC. Prod. IX. 345 ; Hallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVI. 556 ; XVIII. 153. C. Roxburgliii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV.

263. Convolvulus aculeatus, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. I. 155. C. bona-nox

320

Flora of the Malayan Peninsxda.

Spreng. Syst. I. 600. G. grandiflorus, Linn. f. Suppl. 136; Willd. Sp.

PI. I. 2. 859; Pers. Synops. I. 179; Wall. Cat. 1370. G. latiflorus,

Desr. in Lamk Encyc. Meth. III. 561. Ipomcea bona-nox, Linn. Sp. PL

ed. II. 228 ; Eoem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 217 ; Bl. Bijdr. II. 712 ; Kurz

Eor. FI. Burm. II. 217 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 197.

I. grandiflora, Lamk 111. I. 467, and Encyc. Meth. III. 16; Eoem. &

Schult. Syst. IV. 240 ; Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 87, and Flor. Ind. I. 497. I. Boxburghii, Steud. Nomencl. ed.

II. 1, 819. I. noctiflora , Griff. Not. IV. 286.

Penang: cultivated, Hallier. Singapore: S. Mayer 211. — Distrib.

Throughout the tropics ; possibly not truly wild in our area.

17. Argyreia, Lour.

Climbing rarely sub-erect shrubs. Leaves cordate to lanceolate,

pubescent or silky. Flowers axillary, usually in many-flowered cymes,

often sub-capitate ; bracts often conspicuous. Sepals 5, herbaceous in

flower ; in fruit leathery but little enlarged ; often red within. Gorolla

funnel-shaped, rose-purple, tube more or less hirsute externally ; limb

plicate, shortly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included ; anthers oblong, straight.

Disk annular. Ovary 4-celled ; ovules 4 ; style filiform ; stigma

2-globose. Fruit a hard dry berry. Seeds 4 or fewer, embedded in a

mealy pulp. — Distrib. Species about 30, in the tropics of the Old World

chiefly, and mostly in S.E. Asia and Polynesia.

Argyreia obtusifolia, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 135. A large

climber. Leaves elliptic or oblong, acute or obtuse, with or without a

sub-mucronate tip, base cuneate or occasionally rounded, upper surface

pilose, under surface silky strigose, nerves 9 to 11 pairs, often rather

distinct beneath, very oblique even in wide-leaved plants ; length 5 in.,

breadth 1-5 to 3 in. ; petiole '6 to - 8 in., very rarely 1 to 1-5 in. long.

Flowers axillary; peduncles usually short, -6 to 1 in., but occasionally

1-5 to 3 in. long ; cymes sub-capitate, the pedicels -1 to -2 in. long ;

bracts ovate, '15 to '2 in. long, caducous. Sepals 5, ovate-obtuse, -25 in.

long, densely silky-strigose externally, sub-patent in fruit, pale red

within. Corolla 1‘5 in. long, tubular-campanulate, densely uniformly

hirsute externally. Capsule - 4 in. in diam., globose, pericarp char-

taceous, pink. Seeds finely grey-velvety, hemispheric, -2 in. in diam.

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 333. Convolvulus obtectus, Wall. Cat. 1416.

Bivea ? obtecta, Choisy, Convolv. Or. 28, and in DC. Prod. IX. 326.

Argyreia Championi, Benth. FI. Hongkong, 236. A. obtecta, Clarke

in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 186. Lettsomia Championi, Benth. &

Hook. f. Gen. PI. II. 869.

Perak : Scortechini 1384 ! Kedah : Langkawi, Curtis 2852 ! — -

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 321

Distbib. Indo-China, from the Andamans and Tenasserim to Cochin

China, Hongkong.

The two varieties distinguished in the Flora of British India can no longer be

maintained in view of the large suites of specimens reported of late years from the

Andamans, where the species is exceedingly common.

18. Lettsomia, Roxb.

Scandent, more or less hirsute or strigose shrubs. Leaves cordate

rounded or truncate. Flowers in axillary, peduncled, corymbose or

capitate cymes ; bracts conspicuous. Sepals 5, orbicular or elliptic ;

somewhat thickened and coriaceous in fruit. Corolla usually pink ; tube

infundibuliform-campanulate ; limb plicate, very shortly 5-lobed.

Stamens 5, exserted or included; anthers oblong or linear, straight. Disk

annular or cupular. Ovary 2-eelled ; ovules 4 ; style filiform ; stigma

2-globose. Fruit a dry berry. Seeds 4 or fewer, embedded in a

mealy pulp. — Distbib. Species about 40, in tropical Africa and S.E.

Asia.

There is not, as the writer has already explained (Journ. As. Soc. Bmg. LXIII. 2, 91),

any very good reason for retaining Lettsomia as a genus apart from Argyreia. In

Argyreia the ovary is completely 4-celled ; in Lettsomia it is 2-celled, but not infre-

quently a partial dissepiment of smaller or larger size is to be found at the base of,

sometimes half-way up, the cell.

Capsule chartaceous ; seeds usually 4, only casually fewer ;

leaves cordate, softly hairy; cymes capitate; bracts large,

elliptic-oblong, sub-persistent . . . . .. 1. L. peguensis.

Capsule coriaceous or sometimes somewhat fleshy ; seeds usually

1, only casually 2 : —

Cymes compact ; bracts large, persistent : —

Cymes capitate, globose ; bracts purple, large, orbicular-

obtuse; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sparingly adpressed-hirsute 2. L. sphcerocepliala.

Cymes sub-capitate, hardly globose ; bracts ovate or ovate-

lanceolate, acute ; leaves ovate or elliptic, base rounded or

shortly cuneate : —

Corolla 2-25 in. long; leaves chartaceous, glabrous

and shining above, a few hairs on petiole and midrib

beneath . . . . . . ■ • .. 3. L. Maingayi.

Corolla 1-25 in. long ; leaves firmer, glabrous not shining

above, hirsute beneath : —

Leaves hirsute, more especially on the nerves, beneath ;

petioles sparingly hairy .. .. ..4. L. Ridley i.

Leaves densely hirsute beneath throughout; petioles f 4a. L. Ridleyi.

densely hairy . . . • • • • • I var. velutina .

Cymes lax ; bracts small, rarely with a casual foliaceous

bract in a cyme, and usually caducous : —

Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute, spreading or sub-

reflexed in fruit ; bracts lanceolate, occasionally one

large and leaf-like ; leaves elliptic, softly hairy on both

surfaces .. .. •• •• .. 5. L. adpressa.

322 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Sepals ovate or orbicular, obtuse or rarely some of them

emarginate ; bracts minute, usually caducous ; leaves

glabrous above : —

Sepals irregular, the three outer entire rounded,

sparingly hairy, the two inner wider deeply emarginate,

all closely embracing the base of the fruit ; leaves

elliptic shortly acuminate, sparingly adpressed-pubescent

beneath . . . . . . . . . . 6. L. Curtisii.

Sepals regular or nearly so, all entire : —

Corolla 1-5 to l - 75 in. long : —

Sepals sub-equal, at length almost glabrous and

somewhat spreading in fruit ; leaves elliptic-oblong,

chartaceous, glabrous or very sparingly pubescent

beneath .. .. .. ..7. L. penangiana.

Sepals persistently adpressed grey-pubescent out-

side, the inner rather larger than the outer, closely

embracing the base of the fruit ; leaves ovate-acute,

firm, sparsely hirsute with rusty hairs beneath . . 8 . L. Scortechinii.

Corolla -5 to '75 in. long ; leaves elliptic acuminate ;

sepals closely embracing the base of the fruit : —

Leaves densely tawny-tomentose beneath ; sepals

all softly tawny-velvety, the inner rather the

smaller ; corolla -75 in. long . . . . 9. L. rubicunda.

Leaves sparingly strigose-hirsute beneath ; sepals

sub-equal, the outer pubescent, the inner at length

almost glabrous . . . . . . . . 10. L. Kunstleri.

1. Lettsomia peguensis, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 193.

A large climber, sometimes 50 feet long, with villous stems and

branches. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate or sub-orbicular, apex acute,

base cordate ; both surfaces densely softly hairy, tomentum fulvous but

not acicular ; length 4 to 6 in., width P5 to 3'5, rarely 5 to 6 in. ; petiole

1'5 to 4 in. long. Flowers in axillary capitate cymes ; peduncles 5 to

9 in. long; bracts sub-persistent, densely softly hairy, elliptic-oblong,

1 in. long. Sepals 5, the outer elliptic acute, rather larger than the

inner lanceolate, densely hispid ; - 5 to '7 in. long. Corolla infundi-

buliform-campanulate, softly sparsely hairy externally, 2 in. long ; limb

and upper two-thirds of tube bright pink, base of tube nearly or quite

white. Berry when ripe glossy brown, sub-globose, thin-walled, -25 in.

across. Seeds usually 2 or 4. Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,

94. L. strigosa, Boxb. Hort. Beng. 13, ex Wall. Cat. sub. n. 1404. L.

capitata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 591. Argyreia capitata, Choisy in

DC. Prod. IX. 332, partly and excluding var. (3. conferta : Kurz For.

Flor. Burm. II. 216 mainly. Convolvulus strigosus, Wall. Cat. 1365/2,

1365/c, and 1365/e partly. C. barbiger, Wall. Cat. 1404/1, 1404/2 in

part. Argyreia barbigera, Choisy Convolv. Or. 42, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 332.

323

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : Batu Kuran, Scortcchini 1628 ! near Goping, King’s

Collector 1077 ! Larut, King’s Collector 2622 ! near Ulu Kerling, King’s

Collector 8627 ! Penang : Bateh Pulo, Deschamps ! Selangor : Woods

at Gua Batu, Ridley 8210 ! 8227 ! 10194 !— Distrib. Burma, Tenas-

serim, Sumatra, Java.

Probably only a geographical form of Lettsomia strigosa , Roxb., which is widespread

in Indo-China and extends to S. China.

2. Lettsomia specerocephala, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXXIII. 2, 19. A shrubby climber ; branches irregularly angled, with

ridged bark brownish on young shoots, pale straw-coloured on older

twigs, sparingly beset with adpressed acicular hairs. Leaves ovate-

lanceolate, apex acute, base rounded, purplish beneath, very sparingly

beset on both surfaces with adpressed hairs ; length 4 to 5 in., width 1*5

to 2 in. ; petiole 1 to 1-25 in., sparsely pubescent above with adpressed

hairs. Floivers in compact capitate globose cymes 1'5 to 2 in. across, on

long slender peduncles 2 to 12 in. long, sparingly adpressed-pubescent,

surrounded by large orbicular purple involucrant sessile bracts 1'5 in.

across, sparsely hirsute externally, quite glabrous internally, the indi-

vidual flowers enveloped in similar but smaller sub-orbicular to spathu-

late bracteoles -5 in. long, -25 to -5 in. wide ; pedicels short adpressed-

setose. Sepals glabrous externally except at their setose apices, the

outer sub-acute, the inner wider obtuse -25 in. long. Corolla -75 to 1 in.

long, infundibuliform-campanulate, pink, softly adpressed-hirsute exter-

nally. Berry not seen. Argyreia splicer ocephala, Prain MSS.

Perak : Krian, Abu Salama, Gunong Haran Ryah, Scortechini !

A very striking and remarkable species. The corollas do not appear to be full-

sized. Scortechini, on the ticket of his Gunong Haran Ryah specimens, has written

“ fruit from Maxwell’s Hill,” but unfortunately the fruiting specimens alluded to are

not at Calcutta.

3. Lettsomia Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV.

195. A large slender climber ; branches slender or stoutish, with

spreading setulose hairs. Leaves ovate or elliptic, base rounded or very

shortly cuneate, apex acute or shortly caudate-acuminate, papery,

glabrous and shining on both surfaces except for a few hairs on the

midrib beneath; length 5 to 7 in., width 3 to 4 in. ; lateral nerves o to 7 ,

petioles -5 to 1 in. long, very sparsely setulose. Floivers in axillary

few-flowered cymes 2 to 3 in. wide ; peduncles *25 to 2 in. long, rather

closely hirsute with tawny spreading hairs ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1'5

in. long, -6 in. wide, rather strongly parallel-nerved, sparingly hirsute

externally, glabrous and dark purple within ; bracteoles similar but

smaller, -3 in. long. Sepals linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, -75 in.

324

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, beset with long setulose hairs. Corolla tubular-campanulate,

purple with whitish folds, 2-25 in. long ; hairy externally. Stamens

with filaments glandular-hairy at the thickened base. Berry ellipsoid,

succulent, -75 in. long, -5 in. wide. Seed solitary.

Malacca : Griffith, Maingay, Berry 318 ! Goodenough 1432 ! Peeak:

Scortechini 297 !

A very distinct species. There is no fruiting specimen in Herb. Calcutta ; the above

description of the berry is taken from the Flora of British India.

4. Lettsomia Eidleyi, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 98.

A large climber; branches sparingly hirsute. Leaves elliptic-acuminate,

quite glabrous above, hirsute especially on the nerves beneath ; 5-5 in.

long, 3-5 in. wide ; petiole 1 to 3 in. long, sparsely hirsute. Flowers in

compact sub-capitate 8-10-flowered cymes 1-5 in. across, surrounded by

large ovate-acute sessile foliaeeous persistent bracts hirsute below, quite

glabrous above, -8 in. long, -25 in. wide ; braeteoles similar but smaller,

•3 in. long ; peduncles 2 to 6 in. long, hirsute. Sepals sub-equal, ovate-

lanceolate, externally pubescent, -3 in. long. Corolla pink, infundi-

Duliform-campanulate, 1-25 in. long, tube hirsute externally. Berry

ovoid, -5 in. long, -3 in. in diam., the sepals spreading from its base.

Johoee : Kota Tinggi, Bidley 4214 ! Chin-chin, Lake & Kelsall !

Singapoee : Bukit Mandai, Bidley !

Vab. velutina, Prain l.c. Leaves beneath densely hirsute, as are the

petioles, pedicels, and bracts externally.

Singapoee : Bukit Mandai, Bidley !

Nearest to L. sphcerocephala, but distinguished by the acute bracts and braeteoles,

nd to L. Maingayi, from which it differs by the smaller flowers and shorter bracts and

sepals. Yak. velutina in foliage and tomentum remarkably resembles L. rubicunda,

but the acute sepals and large persistent bracts and braeteoles amply distinguish it.

5. Lettsomia adpeessa, Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. II. 591. A scandent

shrub; branches hirsute; stems 10 to 30 feet long. Leaves elliptic,

softly hirsute on both surfaces ; base rounded or cuneate, apex acute ;

length 4 to 5 in. ; width 2 to 2'5 in. ; petiole 1'5 in. long, softly hirsute.

Flowers in axillary few-flowered, somewhat open cymes 2 in. across ;

peduncles '5 to 1'5 in. long, hirsute ; bracts lanceolate, hirsute, -3 in.

long, -15 in. wide, with an occasional longer leaf-like bract ; braeteoles

small. Sepals -3 to '5 in. long, narrowly lanceolate, sparingly hirsute,

spreading or sub-reflexed in fruit. Corolla tubular-campanulate, dull

claret, or pale pink and white, or white with claret stripes, externally

hairy ; tube l - 25 in. long. Berry ellipsoid, “5 in. long, '3 in. wide, at first

green with a reddish tint, becoming bright pink, and at length, when

quite ripe, reddish-brown. Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 196.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

325

Convolvulus adpressus, Wall. Cat. 1424. Moorcroftia adprcssa, Choisy

Convolv. Or. 49, and in DC. Prod. IX. 334.

Penang : Porter ! Kunstler 1324 ! 5271 ! Curtis 318 1 Malacca :

Maingay ! Perak : Scortechini 1280 ! King’s Collector 2457 ! 5400 !

Wray 1914 ! 3298 ! 3961 !

6. Lettsomia Curtisii, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 100.

A climber with brown glabrous branches. Leaves elliptic, shortly

acuminate, glabrous except for a few hairs on the midrib above,

sparingly adpressed-hirsute beneath ; length 4 to 5 in., width 2 - 5 to

3 in. ; petiole 2 to 3 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in axillary compound

sub-umbellate cymes, 3 in. wide, 12-16-flowered ; peduncles 4 to 10 in.

long, brown, glabrous ; bracts deciduous. Sepals coriaceous, - 25 in.

long, the three outer sparingly hirsute, rounded, entire, the two inner

wider, deeply emarginate, glabrous. Corolla not seen. Berry ovoid,

succulent, '75 in. long, -5 in. wide, lower third closely embraced by the

sepals.

Selangor : Kwala Lampar, Curtis 2158 !

A very distinct species, easily differentiated by its emarginate inner sepals.

7. Lettsomia penangiana, Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. III. 592. A

climber with very slender stems sometimes 100 feet long, young branches

thin, fulvous-tomentose, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves elliptic-

oblong, base rounded or cuneate, apex acute or sub-acute, papery,

medium green glabrous above, very light green and glabrous or

sparingly adpressed-pubescent and more closely hairy on the midrib

beneath ; 6 in. long, 2-5 in. wide ; petiole - 5 to 1 in., glabrous. Floivers

in lax axillary cymes 2 to 3 in. across, the terminal flower usually

longer than the others ; peduncles slender, 2 to 6 in. long, very sparsely

hirsute, soon glabrous ; pedicels - 3 to -7 in. long, slender, hirsute ; bracts

minute. Sepals ovate-obtuse, sparingly hairy and at length glabrescent,

•2 in. long, at length spreading or sub-reflexed. Corolla tubular-

campanulate, externally hirsute, bright claret or purple within, paler

without, 1‘5 to 1'75 in. long. Berry ovoid, -6 in. long, -3 in. wide, rose-

pink, reddish-blue, or purple. Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

IY. 196; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 99. Convolvulus

penangianus , Wall. Cat. 1425. Moorcroftia penangiana, Choisy Convolv.

Or. 50, t. 4., and in DC. Prod. IX. 335.

Penang : 'Porter ! Curtis 1586 ! Peraii : very common ; Scorte-

chini 1147 ! Wray 2061 ! 2095 ! 2334 ! 2733 ! Curtis 2034 ! Derry !

King’s Collector 1936 ! 2048 ! 2574 ! 3223 ! 5339 !

Var. reticulata, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 100. Leaves

thicker, secondary nerves beneath very distinct.

326

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pekak : Larut, King's Collector 8544 !

The leaves of this species are very characteristically glandular-punctate beneath.

The peduncles and pedicels of vae. reticulata are rather shorter than in the type and

the corolla, described by Ivunstler as “waxy white, pale blue inside,” is only two-

thirds the length and only half the width of that of L. penangiana proper. But the

leaves have the same characteristic glandular punetulation and are similarly

sparingly adpressed-pubescent beneath, while the fruit, described by Kunstler as a

rich pink, is indistinguishable from that of L. penangiana. This form, therefore,

though very distinct, cannot yet be more than varietally separated.

8. Lettsomia Scobtechinii, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,

98. A strong climber ; stems rusty-brown, very sparingly pubescent.

Leaves ovate-acute, base rounded, firmly sub-coriaceous, very sparsely

hirsute with scattered rusty hams beneath, glabrous above ; length 2 to

3 in., width 1 to 2 in. ; petiole -5 to 1 in., minutely sparingly rusty-

pubescent. Floivers in open 3-8-flowered corymbose cymes 1 to 1-5 in.

across ; peduncles minutely sparingly rusty-pubescent, 2 to 5 in. long ;

bracts caducous. Sepals orbicular, minutely adpressed-grey-tomentose

externally, in flower -25 in., in fruit -3 in. across, the inner larger than

the outer. Corolla P5 in. long, infundibuliform-campanulate, pink,

densely adpressed-fulvous-tomentose on tube and bands of limb

externally. Berry sub-spherical to ellipsoid, -5 in. wide, -5 to -75 in.

long, the base closely embraced by the sepals.

Pekak: Canfield’s Hill, 4,000 feet, Scortechini 381! Birch’s Hill,

Ridley 10681 ! Maxwell’s Hill, Ridley 5559 !

As in the case of L. rubicunda, one or two bracts remain on the specimens ; they

are small, orbicular, -2 in. across, but it does not follow that the fallen bracts were so

small. The corollas on Scorteehini’s specimens, on which the original description was

based, are about -6 in. long, but subsequent material communicated by Mr. Bidley

(Ridley 5559) shows that the flowers originally described were not fully expanded.

Another of Mr. Bidley’s specimens (10681) proves that the berry is not always sub-

spherical. The species is obviously closely allied to L. rubicunda, but besides the

very different degree of tomentum, L. Scortechini differs from L. rubicunda in having

the inner sepals distinctly larger, instead of smaller, than the outer.

9. Lettsomia rubicunda, Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV.

195. An extensive climber ; stems fulvous-tomentose. Leaves elliptic,

shortly abruptly acuminate or acute, base rounded, sub-coriaceous,

densely tawny-tomentose beneath, glabrous above ; length 5 to 7 in.,

width 2 to 4 in. ; petiole tawny-tomentose, 1 to 2 in. long. Floivers in

open many-flowered corymbose cymes, 2 to 4 in. across; peduncles

tawny-tomentose, 3-5 to 7 in. long ; bracts caducous. Sepals orbicular,

obtuse, softly tawny-velvety, in flower - 2 in., in fruit - 3 in. across, the

inner rather smaller. Corolla ’75 in. long, infundibuliform-campanu-

late, pink, densely tawny-tomentose externally. Berry ellipsoid, obtuse,

327

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

smooth, dry, -75 in. long, -3 to '5 in. wide, the base closely embraced by

the sepals. Convolvulus rubicundus, Wall. Cat. 1409. Argyreia rubi-

cunda, Choisy Convolv. Or. 44, and in DC. Prod. IX. 333.

Malacca: Griffith! Mamgay. — Distrib. Burma.

The above description is taken from Griffith’s Malacca plant ; the writer has seen

no other specimens. One or two bracts remain ; they are small, -2 in. across, and

orbicular, but it does not follow that the fallen bracts were so small. There is no

perfect corolla on the specimens at Calcutta ; the length of the tube given above is

derived from Mr. C. B. Clarke’s description.

10. Lettsomia Kunstleri, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,

100. A slender climber, 50 to 80 feet long, young branches densely

hirsute. Leaves elliptic-acuminate, glabrous and shining above,

sparingly strigose-hirsute beneath, especially on the nerves, occasionally

the midrib above sparsely hairy ; length 3'5 to 4'5 in., width 2 to 2 - 5 in.;

petioles densely hirsute, 1 to 1'5 in. long. Flowers in lax axillary

12-20-flowered cymes, 2 to 3 in. across ; peduncles 5 to 8 in. long,

densely hirsute ; bracts hirsute, 3 in. wide ; pedicels hirsute, slender,

•5 to - 75 in. long. Sepals orbicular, sub-equal, the three outer

pubescent, the others at length almost glabrous, '15 in. long. Corolla

white externally, bright pink or red within, externally hirsute, tubular-

campanulate, '5 in. long. Barry ovoid, - 5 in. long, -3 in. wide, deep

glossy red.

Perak : Larut ; Kota, Wray 2856 ! Ulu Salama, Scortechini !

Goping, Chanderiang, &e., King’s Collector, 732 ! 2307 ! 2726 ! 5672 !

Campon Boad, Bidley 9704 ! Selangor : Batu Caves, Bidley 8220 ! —

Distrib. Sumatra.

Order LXXXII. SOLANACEJE.

[By D. Prain.]

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes becoming small soft-wooded trees.

Leaves alternate or at times in unequal pairs, rarely clustered, never

truly opposite, entire, lobed or pinnate ; stipules 0. Inflorescence of

terminal or oftener lateral axillary or extra-axillary cymes, or of

solitary or clustered pedicels, without bracts or bracteoles. Flowers

regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, lobes or teeth

usually 5, rare 4 or 6 to 10 ; usually persistent, sometimes enlarged in

fruit. Corolla gamosepalous 5-lobed or rarely ( Datura ) 10-lobed or

with limb sub-entire ; narrow-campanulate to rotate. Stamens 5,

epipetalous ; anthers oblong or narrow-ovate ; cells parallel, dehiscing

by apical pores or longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled or imperfectly

328

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1-celled by abortion, or 4-celled by subsequent development of accessory

dissepiments ; style linear ; stigma capitate or shortly lobed ; ovules

indefinite, on peltate intruded placentas. Fruit indehiscent, berry-like

or capsular and opening by valvular or circumscissile dehiscence ;

usually 2-eelled, rarely 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds compressed,

disc-like or sub-reniform with embryo peripheric ; occasionally ( Nico -

liana ) hardly compressed and with embryo straight. — D istrib. Species

about 1,300, throughout tropical and sub-tropical countries.

Fruits berry-like, 2-celled, indehiscent; seeds compressed and em-

bedded in pulp : —

Anthers opening by 2 small pores at the tips ; fruits globular (in

S. Melongena sometimes elongated) .. .. ..1. Solanum.

Anthers dehiscing throughout longitudinally : —

Calyx in fruit small, fruits usually elongated . . . . 2. Capsicum.

Calyx in fruit enlarging and enveloping the globose berry . . 3. Physalis.

Fruits capsular : —

Capsules 4-celled and 4-valved, or sometimes hardly dehiscing ;

seeds compressed ; flowers solitary . . . . . . 4. Datura.

Capsules 2-celled, dehiscing freely ; seeds hardly compressed ; flowers

in panicles . . . . . . . . . . 5. Nicotiana.

1. Solanum, Linn.

Armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaves alternate

or sub-opposed in unequal pairs, entire, lobed or pinnatifid. Cymes

dichotomous or racemose, lateral or terminal. Calyx usually 5-lobed,

rarely 10-lobed or sub-entire, sometimes enlarging in fruit. Corolla-

tube short, rotate or very shortly campanulate ; limb 5-lobed, plicate in

bud. Stamens 5, with short filaments, adnate to throat of corolla ;

anthers oblong, narrowed upwards so that the two cells form a cone

opening at the tip by terminal pores. Ovary 2-celled (in cultivated

forms sometimes 3-4-celled) ; style columnar, stigma small. Fruit

berry-like but with calyx at base, rarely overtopping it, globose or

(larely) elongated. Seeds very numerous, disk-like; embryo peripheric.

Distrib. Species 750, mostly tropical American, but spread

throughout all tropical and sub-tropical regions.

Unarmed herbs or shrubs : —

Flowers in extra-axillary peduncled cymes or racemes : —

Leaves glabrous or sparingly pubescent ; cymes sub-um-

bellate ; calyx-teeth obtuse, 5 ; corolla and ovary glabrous ;

berry red or black, rarely yellow . . . . . . 1 . S. nigrum.

Leaves densely stellately woolly ; cymes corymbose ; calyx-

teeth triangular, 5 ; corolla and ovary hairy ; berry yellow 2. S. verbasci/olium.

Flowers axillary, pedicels fascicled or solitary ; corolla

glabrous

329

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx with a sub-entire margin ; flowers white ; leaves

glabrous ; epiphytic . . . . . . . . 3. S. parasiticum.

Calyx with a distinctly 10-toothed margin ; terrestrial : —

Leaves glabrous ; calyx with 5 long teeth and 5 very

short intermediate toothlets ; corolla-lobes purplish ;

berry dark blue . . . . . . . . 4. S. Blumei.

Leaves usually puberulous to pubescent, rarely almost

glabrous ; calyx with 10 long teeth ; corolla white ; berry

yellow . . . . . . . . . . 5. S. Uflorum.

Armed herbs with prickly stems and usually prickly leaves ;

corolla pubescent externally : —

Densely stellate-tomentose throughout

Calyx not overtopping the berry ; erect herbs or shrubs : —

Flowers white : —

Leaves very prickly especially on the nerves beneath ;

ovary hirsute ; fruit hispid with acicular hairs . . 6. S. ferox.

Leaves with very few prickles ; ovary and fruit

glabrous . . . . . . . . 7. S. torvum.

Flowers blue

Bacemes many-flowered ; berry small, yellow, globose 8. S. indicum.

Bacemes few-flowered ; berry large, purple, rarely white

or yellow, often in cultivation ellipsoid or elongate . . 9. S. Melongena.

Calyx overtopping the berry ; a spreading shrub . . 10. S. sarmentosum.

Thinly beset with minute hairs ; berry large, smooth ; calyx

very prickly . . . . . . . . . . 11. S. aculeatissimuin.

1. Solanum nigrum, Linn. Sp. PL 186. A herb or undershrub,

1 to 3 feet high ; all parts sparingly pubescent or glabrous. Leaves

petioled, membranous, ovate or oblong, narrowed towards apex and base,

sinuate-toothed or -lobed ; 3 to 4 in. long, 2 in. across ; green on both

surfaces ; petioles '75 in. long. Flowers small, sub-umbellately clustered

on stoutish extra-axillary peduncles ’35 to '75 in. long; pedicels 5 to 8

together, slender, -35 in. long. Calyx sparsely puberulous, 5-toothed ;

teeth small, ovate-oblong, -05 in. long, in fruit hardly noticeable.

Corolla white, rarely purplish, externally glabrous, - 5 in. wide, rotate,

5-lobed. Ovary glabrous ; style hairy at base. Fruit red or black,

rarely yellow, globose, -25 in. across, supported by the saucer-shaped

calyx. Seeds -05 in. in diam., almost smooth. Bl. Bijdr. 694 ;

Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 150 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 636 ; Kurz For.

Flor. Burm. II. 224 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IY. 229. S. rub-

rum, Boxb. Flor. Ind. I. 565. S. triangulare, Lamk 111. II. 18. S.

uliginosum, Bl. Bijdr. 695. S. Rwmphti, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 57.

S. rhinocerotis , Bl. Bijdr. 695.

Singapore : Ridley 8084 ! Perak : Kota Bahru, King’s Collector

566 ! Andamans : King's Collectors ! Nicobaes : Kurz ! — Distrib.

Tropics generally.

2. Solanum veebascifolium, Linn. Sp. PL 184. An erect unarmed

shrub, 8 to 20 feet high ; all parts thickly stellate-tomentose, the

330

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tomentum often scurfy. Leaves petioled, thickly herbaceous, ovate-

lanceolate to lanceolate, acute ; base usually truncate or rounded, rarely

cuneate ; 4 to 7 in. long, 3 in. across ; green above, white to yellowish-

brown beneath from the scurfy tomentum ; petioles '5 to 1'5 in. long.

Flowers small, on thick tomentose pedicels, densely clustered in a small

tomentose corymb-like cyme on an erect sub-terminal stout peduncle

1 to 3 in. long. Calyx densely tomentose, 5-toothed ; teeth triangular,

acute, ’1 in. long in flower. -3 in. long in fruit; tube short. Corolla white,

externally stellate-tomentose, '6 in. across, rotate, 5-lobed ; lobes short,

ovate-oblong. Ovary hairy ; style glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose,

•4 in. wide, the lower portion embraced by the calyx-lobes. Seeds - 12 in.

in diam., minutely dotted. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 114; Lour. Flor.

Cochin-Chin. 128 ; Wall. Cat. 2616 ; Kurz For. Flor. II. 225 ; Clarke

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 230 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 640. S.

pubescens, Bl. Bijdr. 698 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 244

(not of Willd.).

Selangor : Kwala Lampar, Goodenough ! Perak : King’s Collector

2069 ! 7177 ! Wray 2357 ! Penang : Deschamps ! Kedah : King's

Collector 1704 ! Nicobars : Kamorta, Jelinek ! Teressa, King's

Collectors ! — Distrib. Tropics of both hemispheres.

3. Solanum parasiticum, Bl. Bijdr. 697. An erect almost glabrous

epiphytic shrub, 2 to 4 feet high. Leaves short-petioled, rather firmly

membranous, lanceolate-acuminate, narrowed towards apex and base,

entire ; 6 to 8 in. long, P5 to 2 in. wide ; green on both surfaces, minutely

setulose above when young, glabrous beneath ; petiole '25 to -35 in.

long. Flowers small, clustered in an axillary fascicle of 2 to 7 together

or sometimes solitary, on slender somewhat rigid glabrous pedicels *6 to

8 in. long. Calyx glabrous, small, the margin in flower sinuate

representing either 5 or 10 teeth at most only T in. long ; in fruit

slightly enlarged, saucer-shaped, the margin quite entire. Corolla

white, glabrous externally, 5-lobed, rotate ; "25 in. across. Ovary and

styie glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose, '25 in. in diam., resting on the

saucer-shaped calyx. Seeds '06 in. in diam., smooth. Nees Trans.

Linn. Soc. XVII. 45 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 641.

Perak: Larut, on trees, rather plentiful, Wray ! Scortechini! King’s

Collector ! — Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

tsear S. subtruncatum but always epiphytic, and with an even more markedly

truncate calyx-limb than in that species.

4. Solanum Blumei Nees ex Bl. in Bijdr. 696. An erect quite

glabrous shrub, 3 to 4 feet high, with spreading branches. Leaves

towards top in pairs from one node, usually one smaller, elliptic-

acuminate at both ends, bases unequal ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide ;

331

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

rather firmly membranous ; lateral nerves 6 to 7 pairs ; petiole '3 in.

long. Flowers in clusters of 2 to 9, rarely solitary, axillary ; pedicels

slender, in flower deflexed, in fruit spreading, -75 in. long, thickened

upwards. Calyx glabrous, limb sub-truncate with 5 subulate, and S

intervening minute teeth, the longer series *2 to *25 in. long. Corolla

with white tube and 5 purplish narrow-ovate lobes, '3 in. across.

Ovary and style glabrous. Fruit globose, dark blue, - 25 in. in diam.,

resting on the saucer-shaped calyx with persisting teeth. Seeds '09 in.

in diam., almost smooth. Nees Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 45; Dun. in

DC. Prod. XIII. 180 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 642.

Selangoe : Ridley ! Pebak : Larut, King’s Collector ! Wray !

Curtis ! Ridley ! Scortechini ! Gunong Panti, Kunstler ! — Distbib.

Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

The commonest Solatium of its group in our area. It has been suggested by

Clarke that there is little to separate this form specifically from S. subtruncatmn ; this

is true, but there seems equally little to separate it specifically from S. bifloruin. Its

glabrous condition, however, at once distinguishes it from both as, if not a species, at

least a very marked form.

5. Solanum biflobum, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 129. An erect

more or less pubescent shrub, 3 to 6 feet high ; the young shoots often

flocculose. Leaves membranous, elliptic or oblong, acuminate, base

narrow-euneate, entire; 3 to 5 in. long, 1'5 to l - 75 in. wide; green on

both sides, setulose-pubescent, rarely glabrescent with age; petiole -7 in.

long. Flowers small, clustered in axillary fascicles of 2 to 6 together,

or solitary ; pedicels slender, '65 in. long. Calyx setulose-pubescent,

the margin usually 10-toothed rarely 7—9-toothed ; teeth narrowly

lanceolate, setulose, -15 in. long. Corolla white, externally glabrous,

rotate, 5-lobed, '25 in. across. Ovary and style glabrous. Fruit

globose, yellow, *25 in. in diam., resting on the saucer-shaped calyx

with persisting teeth. Seeds *1 in. in diam., almost smooth. Dun. in

DC. Prod. XIII. 178 ; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. II. 224 ; Clarke in Hook

f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 232. S. decemdentatum, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 16,

and Flor. Ind. I. 565 ; Wall. Cat. 2614 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 643.

S. mollissimum, Bl. Bijdr. 698. S. decemfidum, Nees Trans. Linn.

Soc. XVII. 43. S. Zollingeri, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 176.

Malacca : Griffith ! Singapoee : Wallich (fide Clarke). Distbib.

Throughout Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago.

Though so plentiful in the countries both south and north of the Malay Peninsula,

this seems very rare in our area where S . Blumei appears to replace it.

6. Solanum FEBOX, Linn. Sp. PI. ed.' II. 267. An erect prickly

shrub, 3 to 10 feet high, with a short soft-wooded trunk 2 to 3 in. thick ;

332 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

all the younger parts thickly covered with a brownish soft tomentum

intermixed with many sharp compressed brownish prickles of unequal

size. Leaves usually sub-opposite, membranous, ovate to nearly

orbicular with irregular short triangular acute or blunt lobes ; 5 to 9 in.

long, 3 to 6 in. wide, the lobes often 1 in. deep ; green above, brownish

from the tawny tomentum beneath, sparingly beset on midrib and

nerves with long compressed prickles ; petioles -5 to 2’5 in. long,

prickly. Flowers large, on thickish pedicels clustered in few-flowered

sub- umbellate short-peduncled racemes set close below the leaves;

peduncles and pedicels densely stellate-tomentose and beset with long

acicular hairs. Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, densely hirsute, some-

times prickly ; lobes ovate-acute, -25 in. long. Corolla white, densely

tomentose externally, nearly 1 in. across ; lobes oblong-acute. Ovary

hairy. Fruit yellow, globose, 1 in. in diam., hispid with acicular hairs,

much exceeding the hardly altered calyx. Seeds -12 in. in diam., very

slightly scrobieulate. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 255; Kurz For. PI.

Bunn. II. 226 ( excl . var. /I) ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 646 ; Clarke in

Ilook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 233. S. lasiocarpum, Bl. Bijdr. 701; Wall.

Cat. 2623; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 252. S. hirsutum, Boxb. Hort.

Beng. 17, and FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 253. S. stramom folium,

Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 252 (not of Jacq., nor of Wall., nor o/Boxb.).

Penang : Wallioh ! Perak : Sungah Byah, Kunstlcr 1022 ! Gunong

Mesah, King s Collector 1026 ! Singapore : Wallich! Andamans : Port

Blair, plentiful. Nicobars : Naneowry, King’s Collector ! — Distrib.

India, Indo-China, S. China, Sumatra, Java.

7. Solanum torvum, Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 47. An erect

sparingly armed shrubby perennial, 3 to 6, or at times even 8 to 12 feet

high , all parts shortly and sparsely stellate-pubescent, with but few

compressed sharp scattered prickles. Leaves usually sub-opposite,

membranous, ovate, shortly acuminate, sinuate or lobed, the lobes

obtuse or acute, the base truncate very unequal ; 2 to 4 in. long, P5 to

3 m. across ; rather sparingly pubescent above, more closely sometimes

scuifily pubescent beneath; petioles '5 to 1 in. long. Floivers medium,

in lateral usually extra-axillary corymbose cymes with short pubescent

peduncles; pedicels slender, -3 to -4 in. long, pubescent. Calyx

sparsely pubescent, 5-toothed, -25 in. long, without prickles, the teeth

ovate-lanceolate acute, -1 in. long, not enlarging in fruit. Corolla

white, externally stellate-pubescent, -5 in. across, rotate, 5-lobed, the

lobes -3 in. long, lanceolate-acuminate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit yellow,

supported by the calyx which becomes glabrous in fruit, globular, -4 in.

across. Seeds -2 in. in diam., compressed, minutely granular. Dun.

m DC. Prod. XIII. 260 ; Wight Ic. t. 345 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II.

333

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

648 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 234. S. stramonifolium,

Boxb, Flor. Ind. I. 572.

Penang : Wallich ! Deschamps ! Ridley ! Malacca : Griffith !

Pekak : King's Collector 1085 ! Scortechini 60 ! Singapore : Schom-

burgk! Hullett ! Kunstler 99! Ridley! Andamans: very common. —

Distbib. Malayan Archipelago, Indo-China, Philippines, China, India,

Tropical America.

This is often exceedingly like the next species, S. indicum, but is easily dis-

tinguished by its white flowers and its considerably larger fruits.

8. Solanum indicum, Linn. Sp. PI. 187 partly ; Nees in Trans.

Linn. Soc. XVII. 55. An erect, armed, branching shrub, 4 to 8 feet

high ; all young parts thickly covered with a short stellate tomentum,

with broad, compressed, sharp, slightly recurved prickles. Leaves

membranous or thinly herbaceous, ovate, sinuately lobed, the lobes

obtuse or acute, the base obliquely truncate; l - 5 to 3 in. long, 1 to

2 in. wide ; above minutely tomentose, green ; grey from the denser

tomentum beneath ; petioles -5 to 1 in. long. Flowers medium, in

lateral or spuriously terminal racemes about 2‘5 to 3 in. long ; pedicels

•2 to '3 in. long, sometimes prickly and grey stellate-pubescent,

as are the peduncles. Calyx grey stellate-pubescent, 5-toothed,

•25 in. long, prickly or not ; the teeth lanceolate-acute, hardly

enlarging in fruit. Corolla blue, externally stellate -pubescent,

•5 in across, rotate, 5-lobed, the lobes ’35 in. long. Ovary glabrous.

Fruit yellow or orange, small, supported by the hai’dly altered calyx,

globose, - 25 in. in diam. Seeds T5 in. in diam., minutely dotted.

Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 131 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 570 ; Wall. Cat.

2626; Wight, Ic. t. 346; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 309; Miq. Flor

Ind. Bat. II. 651; Kurz For. FI. Burm. II. 226; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 234. S. violaceum, Jacq. Fragm. 82, t. 133, f. 1 (not of

R. Br.). S. cuneatum, Moench Meth. n. 476 ; Poir. Suppl. III. 743. S.

canescens, Bl. Bijdr. 701. S. Junghuhnii, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 649.

Penang : Wallich ! Selangor : King’s Collector 363 ! Perak :

Wray 3077 ! Andamans : Prain ! — Distrib. Throughout S.E. Asia.

This species often is very like S. torvum; it is readily distinguished by its usually,

though not invariably, more numerous prickles, by its blue flowers, and its smaller

fruits.

9. Solanum Melongena, Linn. Sp. PI. 186. A stout erect, sparingly

armed herb, 2 to 8 feet high ; all the younger parts covered with a grey

soft tomentum. Leaves membranous, ovate or oblong, irregularly

sinuately lobed ; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 4 in. wide ; green above, stellately

pubescent beneath with a few prickles on the nerves or sometimes

334

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

quite unarmed ; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers large, on extra-axillary

often paired peduncles, one peduncle with a solitary perfect flower the

other with a few-flowered raceme of male flowers ; peduncles stellate-

tomentose, very rarely prickly. Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, densely

pubescent; lobes oblong-acute ; -25 to -35 in. long, enlarging slightly in

fruit, usually armed. Corolla blue, externally pubescent, 1 to 1-25 in.

across, o-lobed, lobes oblong-acute, short. Ovary glabrous ; style

stellate-pubescent or at times glabrous. Fruit large, ovoid, obovoid,

ellipsoid, or cylindric ; usually dark purple, often with white spots or

streaks, sometimes uniformly white or yellowish, always glabrous,

sometimes as much as 6 in. long and always much longer than the

calyx. Seeds -12 in. in diam., slightly scrobiculate. Lour. Flor. Cochin-

Chin. 130 ; Eoxb. Flor. Ind. I. 566 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 653 ; Clarke

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 235. S. insanum, Boxb. Flor. Ind. I. 568.

S. undatum, Lamk Encyc. IV. 301 ; Bl. Bijdr. 700. S. longum, Boxb.

Hort. Beng. 16, and Flor. Ind. I. 567. S. pseudo-undatum, Bl. Bijdr.

699. S. ovigerum, Bl. Bijdr. 698. S. Trongum, Lamk Encyc. IV. 308.

S. ferox var. Trongum, Ivurz For. Flor. Burm. II. 226.

In all the provinces, cultivated ; occasionally also as an escape from

cultivation or sub-feral ( e.g ., at Trang, King's Collector 1416!)

The Egg-Plant, or Brinjal, largely cultivated in all warm countries ; originally

American. As an escape this species tends to become more prickly and to have 3 to 4

fruits on the peduncle, owing to the males being replaced by perfect flowers. In such

cases the fruits are much smaller and often approach, or sometimes even attain a

globose form.

10. Solanum sarmentosum, Nees Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 58. A

straggling prickly shrub with procumbent zigzag branches, 2 to 3 feet

long; all parts sparsely hairy and covered with long, straight, sharp

prickles. Leaves membranous, broadly elliptic, sub-pinnatifid, lobes

obtuse, sub-glabrescent above, sparsely stellately pubescent and prickly

beneath ; 4 in. long, 2 in. across, the lobes -75 in. deep ; green on both

sui faces; petioles -6 in. long. Flowers large, with thickish pedicels

on 1-2-flowered, extra-axillary peduncles about 1 in. long, sparsely

stellate-pubescent. Calyx with very shortly funnel-shaped tube, lobes

ovate-acuminate -2 in. long, sparsely hairy and prickly, much enlarged

m fruit. Corolla blue, externally pubescent, -7 in. across; lobes

oblong-acute. Ovary glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose, glabrous, -5 in.

across, overtopped by the enlarged caudate-acuminate, adpressed,

armed calyx-lobes, -75 in. long and -35 in. wide. Seeds -12 in. in

diam., scrobiculate. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 357 ; Clarke in Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 236. S. Mclongena, Wall. Cat. 2628 (F. only— wot

of Linn.). S. Jacquini, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 651 ( not of Willd.).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 335

Penang : Wallich ! Perak : Scortechini ! Malacca : Griffith.

Pahang : Ridley ! — Distrib. Malay Archipelago.

11. Solanum aculeatissimum, Jacq. Col. I. 100. An armed slender

undershrub, 2 to 3 feet high, with glabrous stems covered with very

many long, straight, slender prickles. Leaves only on the upper part of

the stems, membranous, ovate, lobed, sparsely hairy; 3 to 5 in. long.

Floivers on 1-7-flowered peduncles, that are usually only 1-fruited ;

peduncles in fruit '75 in. long. Calyx even in fruit small, under -25 in.

long, very prickly. Fruit globose, P25 in. across, smooth. Seeds

•2 in. in diam., extremely compressed, almost winged. Jacq. Icon.

I. t. 41 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 237. S. aculeatissimum

var. ? denudatum, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 244.

Singapore : G. Thomson.

This is not in Herb. Calcutta. The above meagre description is taken from the

accounts of Dunal in the Pradromus, and of Clarke in the Flora of British India. The

specimen to which Clarke refers is one of the “ varieties ” of Dunal, not the true

S. aculeatissimum of Jacquin, and Dunal himself was not satisfied that it is to

Jacquin’s species of this name that the variety should be referred. As it has not again

been reported, it is possible we may have here to deal with an unusual state of some

casually introduced and perhaps well-known American species.

2. Capsicum, Linn.

Unarmed annual or perennial, glabrous or glabreseent herbs or

shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or repand. Floivers axillary, solitary

or several together. Calyx campanulate, minutely 5-toothed, not

enlarging in fruit. Corolla-tuke short, rotate, limb 5-lobed, valvate in

bud. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla; anthers oblong, not

longer than filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled, rarely

3-celled ; style columnar, stigma small. Fruit resembling a berry, but

with the calyx at its base ; elongated or (rarely) globose. Seeds very

numerous, disk-like ; embryo peripheric.— Distrib. Species 2 or more,

natives of America.

The number of species is doubtful, and depends on the point of view of the reviewer

with regard to the many more or less distinct forms assumed by the plants under

cultivation ; some writers recognise as many as 80, others claim only about 20 ; more

recent authors insist only on 2 species — a perennial ( C . frutescens), and an annual

(C. annuum), both very variable. Possibly, however, there is but a single very variable

species, for in the tropics the forms of C. annuum are often not truly annual, and in

temperate regions the perennial tropical forms rarely persist for more than a season.

Pedicels solitary, variously erect or reflexed ; fruits erect or spread-

ing or pendent, at least as long as, usually longer than, the

pedicels ; plants annual or biennial : —

Flowers white ; berries at first green, afterwards becoming red,

orange or yellow : —

Fruit not globular : —

336

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Berries tapering, much longer than broad : —

Fruit stout, flesh thick, usually mildly pungent ; calyx not

enclosing base of berry .. .. ..1. C. annuum.

Fruit slender, flesh thin, keenly pungent; calyx enclosing (annuum,

base of berry . . . . . . . . ( vab. acuminata.

Berries not much if at all longer than broad, usually obtuse ;

calyx not enclosing base of berry : —

Berries circular in section, sub-conical, ovate or oblong, J annuum,

flesh thin, pungent .. .. .. . . ( var. abbreviata.

Berries swollen, irregularly angled in section, prismatic, f annuum,

quadrate or oblate, flesh very thick, hardly at all pungent | vab. grossa.

Fruit globular, extremely pungent .. .. (annuum,

1 vab. cerasiformis.

Flowers purple ; berries at first dark-purple, afterwards becoming

orange-red, much longer than broad, only slightly pungent ; calyx | annuum,

hardly enclosing base of berry . . . . . . j vab. nigra.

Pedicels 2 or more, erect ; fruit always erect, red, shorter than the

pedicels, pungent ; plants perennial ; flowers always white or

yellowish- white : —

Berries elongated, tapering ; base embraced by the calyx . . 2. C. frutescens.

Berries globose or sub-globose ; base seated on the calyx . . (f nltescens i

(vab. baccata.

1. Capsicum annuum, Linn. Sp. PI. 188. An erect branching or

rarely simple robust herb 2 to 3 feet high, with slightly ridged branches;

glabrous throughout. Leaves membranous, elliptic or ovate, rather

long-acuminate, base long-cuneate, prolonged as a wing on upper

part of petiole, margin entire ; lamina 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in. wide,

rarely 1-5 in. wide, green on both surfaces ; petiole -25 to -6 in. long.

Flowers white or rarely (var. nigra ) purple ; pedicels almost always

solitary, though casually there may be more than one in a leaf-axil,

always drooping in flower, in fruit rigid, slightly thickened under the

enlarging calyx and variously erect, or spreading or recurved and

pendent, then -75 to 1 in. long. Calyx glabrous, campanulate, with

sinuate-dentate limb, -2 in. across ; in fruit enlarging into a shallow cup

embracing the lower part of fruit, or saucer-shaped with the base of the

fruit resting on it, then often -5 in. across. Corolla rotate, - 4 in.

across ; 5-lobed. Ovary glabrous. Fruit erect, straight, very variable

in shape, colour, fleshiness and pungency. Irish Miss. Bot. Gard Rep

IX. 65.

Var. typica. Fruit much longer than broad, stout, tapering to the

usually narrow apex ; flesh thick, mildly pungent ; berry resting on

the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx ; colour variable.

In gardens, occasionally, usually raised from seed imported from

Europe.

This variety includes the many mild chillies which do not keep true to their

characters when their seed is collected in the tropics.

337

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Var. acuminata, Fingerhuth. Fruit much longer than broad,

slender, rarely straight, always tapering to an acute or sub-acute

apex ; flesh thin, keenly pungent ; berry enclosed at the base by the

cupular calyx ; colour red or orange, or yellow. C. longum, DC. Hort.

Monsp. 86 ; Fingerhuth, Caps. 23, t. 6, 7 ; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII.

424. C. frutescens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17; Flor. Ind. I. 574; Bl.

Bijdr. 704 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 239.

Cultivated in most of the provinces.

Some of the forms of this variety seem to have been evolved since the introduction

of Capsicum annuurn to the Eastern Hemisphere.

Var. abbreviata, Fingerhuth. Fruit conoid, ovate or oblong, not

much longer than broad, apex usually blunt ; flesh thin, pungent ;

berry resting on the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx ; colour variable.

C. annuum, Boxb. Flor. Ind. I. 573. C. frutescens, Dun. in DC.

Prod. I. 413. Capo Molago, Rheede Hort. Malab. II. 109, t. 56.

Occasionally cultivated.

Var. grossa, Sendt. Fruit swollen, somewhat angular, prismatic or

quadrate or oblate, obtuse, hardly longer than broad; flesh thick,

hardly pungent ; berry resting on the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx ;

colour red. C. grossum, Linn. Mant. 47 ; Willd. Sp. PL I. 1051 ;

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17 ; Flor. Ind. I. 574 ; Fingerhuth, Caps. 21 ;

Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 422 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 659 ; Clarke

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 239.

Occasionally cultivated.

Var. cerasiformis, Mill. Fruit globular, red, flesh thin, very pungent.

C. cerasiforme, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 574. C. grossum, var. cerasiformis,

Clarke in Plook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 239.

Sometimes grown in gardens by European residents.

Var .nigra. Fruit much longer than broad; flesh thin, only slightly

pungent ; calyx hardly enclosing base of fruit ; berry at first dark

purple, at length becoming orange-red. C. purpureum, Roxb. Flor.

Ind. IV. 239.

Occasionally cultivated.

2. Capsicum frutescens, Linn. Sp. PI. 189. An erect, much-branch-

ing undershrub, 2 to 4 feet high, branches angled, the smaller ones

puberulous but soon, like the leaves, becoming quite glabrous. Leaves

petioled, membranous, ovate-acute, the base short-euneate, truncate or

rarely sub-cordate, the margins entire ; lamina usually 2\5 to 4 in. long,

1-5 in. wide, green on both surfaces ; petiole '5 to ‘75 in. long. Flowers

small, white or yellowish-white ; pedicels usually 2 to 3, sometimes

4 or more together in leaf-axils, never all of the same age, drooping in

338

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flower and erect, thickened, rigid and somewhat elongated in fruit,

1 to 1'25 in. long. Calyx glabrous ; limb truncate with 5 shortly pro-

jecting, spreading teeth -12 in. in diam. Corolla - 2 in. in diam., rotate,

5-toothed. Ovary glabrous. Fruit erect, narrow to globose, bright red,

•2 to - 25 in. in diam. Irish Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep. IX. 97.

Var. typica. Fruits ovate or sub-cylindric, acute, -75 in. long, -2 in.

in diam. C. frutescens, Wall. Cat. 2642 B.C. C. minimum, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 17, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 261, and ed. propr. I.

574 ; Wall. Cat. 2641 ; Blanco, Flor. Filip. 133 ; Dun. in DC. Prod.

XIII. 415 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 659 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IY. 239. C. fastigiatum, Bl. Bijdr. 705 ; Nees Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 64; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 416; Wight Ic. t. 1617; Miq. Flor.

Ind. Bat. II. 659 ; Bentl. & Trim. Med. PI. t. 188.

In all the provinces, cultivated and as an escape.

Var. baccata, Irish l.c. 99. Fruit elliptic-obtuse or globose, '25 to

•3 in. long, '25 in. in diam. Capsicum baccatum, Linn. Ment. 46 ; Ham.

in Wall. Cat. 2644. C. angustifolium, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 420.

Nicobars : cultivated, Jetinek 137 ! 138 !

3. Physalis, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, entire sinuate or

shortly lobed. Pedicels axillary, solitary. Calyx campanulate, 5-partite

in flower, the tube much enlarged and inflated in fruit, loosely enclosing

the berry; teeth small, connivent. Corolla campanulate, yellow.

Stamens 5, attached near base of corolla ; anthers oblong, shorter than

filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled ; style columnar ;

stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Fruit berry-like, globose. Seeds few or

many, disk-like ; embryo peripheric.— Distrib. Species about 34,

mostly tropical American.

Physalis minima, Linn. A herbaceous pubescent or glabrescent

annual, erect or with procumbent straggling branches, 6 to 15 in. high.

Leaves petioled, ovate, sinuate angular or hardly lobed ; 2 in. long,

■75 in. wide, green on both surfaces ; petioles 1 in. Flowers small,

axillary, solitary ; pedicels - 25 to - 5 in. Calyx hirsute or glab-

rescent ; in flower '1 to - 2 in., with lanceolate lobes as long as tube, in

fruit -75 to 1 in., ovoid or sub-globose, 5-10-ribbed, the teeth sub-

connivent and little altered. Corolla yellow, - 25 in. across, glabrous,

campanulate, 5-toothed. Ovary glabrous. Fruits yellow, globose, '5 in.

across, completely enveloped by the accrescent calyx. Seeds very many,

•1 in. in diam., discoid, reticulated, hardly scabrous.

Var. typica; calyx not distinctly angled, all parts more or less

pubescent. P. minima, Linn. Sp. PI. 183 ; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc.

339

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

XVII. 69 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 563 ; Dun. in DO. Prod. XIII. 445 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 238 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 664.

P. parviflora, R. Br. Prod. 447. P. divaricata, Don Prod. 97.

P. villosa, Roth Nov. Sp. 122. P. Bothiana, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV.

677. P. Hermanni, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 444.

Perak : Scortechini ! Malacca : Griffith ! Andamans : common in

waste places. — Distrib. A cosmopolitan tropical weed.

Var. indica, Clarke Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 238; calyx distinctly

■5-angled, all parts nearly glabrous. C. indica, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

II. 102; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 70; Dun. in DC. Prod.

XIII. 443 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 662. P. pseudoangulata, Bl.

Bijdr. 706 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 663. P. angulata, Griff. Notul.

IV. 96. Nicandra indica, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 632.

Perak : Kota Bahru, Kunstler, 568 ! Ipoh, Curtis 3190 ! Penang :

Dcschamps ! common. Selangor: Bidley 10548! Nicobars: coasts,

common. — Distrib. India generally.

The Cape Gooseberry, or Winter Cherry ( Physalis peruviana), is cultivated in

European gardens in the cold weather.

4. Datura, Linn.

Suffruticose, rank-smelling, glabrous or minutely pubescent herbs.

Leaves large, entire, sinuate or deeply toothed. Pedicels solitary,

flowers very large, purple or white. Calyx long-tubular, herbaceous,

apex 5-toothed ; in fruit circumscissile above the base. Corolla nar-

rowly tubular-funnel-shaped ; throat widened, limb plaited, entire

or shortly lobed. Stamens attached near base of tube, filaments fili-

form ; anthers included, linear, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary

2-celled, or 4-celled by the formation of spurious dissepiments;

style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, ellipsoid, 4-eelled,

spinous, more or less completely 4-valved. Seeds very many, com-

pressed, rugose ; embryo peripheric. — Distrib. Species 10, temperate

.and tropical.

Datura fastuosa, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 932. A coarse annual, 3 to

8 feet high, all parts glabrescent or very faintly puberulous. Leaves

petioled, membranous, ovate, entire or deeply toothed, glabrous, green ;

6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. across, base unequal ; petioles 1 in. Flowers

very large, solitary, pedicels '25 to '5 in., erect in flower, recurved in

fruit. Calyx tubular, 2'5 to 3 in. long, - 5 in. wide, lobes lanceolate,

•25 in. long. Corolla purple or white, 7 in. long, base ‘5, throat 1'5, limb

3 to 5 in. in diam., shortly 5-6-toothed. Ovary glabrous. Capsules

sub-globose, 4-celled, equally spinous on all sides, irregularly dehiscent

340

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

near apex, supported by the persistent base of calyx ; 1'25 to 1'5 in. in

diam. Seeds -25 in. diam.

Var. typica; corolla purple. D. fastuosa, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 932;

Eoxb. Flor. Ind. I. 561; Wall. Cat. 2638; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 74; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 542; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II.

669 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 242. D. Hummatu, Bernh.

in Linn. Litteraturber. (1883) 141.

Var. alba, Clarke in Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 243 ; corolla white or

cream-coloured. D. alba, Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 73 ; Wight

Ic. t. 852 ; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 542 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 667.

D. Metel, Eoxb. Flor. Ind. I. 561 ; Wall. Cat. 2639 ( not of Linn.).

Perak : Larut, Scortechini ! Ulu Bubong, King's Collector ! Singa-

pore : Hullett ! — Distrib. Tropical Africa, S.E. Asia.

The purple-flowered variety has not been sent to Calcutta from any of the provinces.

Kunstler says that the white one is “ not native ” in Perak.

5. Nicotiana, Linn.

Erect, viscid-pubescent herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves entire or

sinuate. Racemes paniculate, terminal or sub-terminal. Calyx tubular

or ovoid, 5-fid. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, induplicate in bud.

Stamens attached to lower part of corolla-tube, filaments filiform ;

anthers ovate, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled ; style filiform ;

stigma shortly 2-fid. Fruit a capsule, 2-celled, or rarely spuriously

almost 4-celled ; valves separating to their middle, often again splitting.

Seeds very many, small, scarcely compressed ; embryo nearly straight.

■ — Distrib. Species about 35 ; American, Australian, Polynesian.

Nicotiana Tabacum, Linn. Sp. PI. 180. A herb 2 to 3 feet high

branching upwards, all parts glandular-pubescent. Leaves large, sessile

or sub-amplexicaul, ovate-lanceolate, acute, the lower decurrent ; 4 to

8 in. (the lower sometimes 12 to 15 in. long) by 2 to 3 in. across ;

tapering to the cuneate base. Flowers large, in compound corymbs with

short ultimate bracteate branchlets. Calyx campanulate, '5 in. long,

•3 in. wide, teeth 5, triangular-lanceolate, • 2 in. long. Corolla pink or

pale-rose, linear-funnel-shaped, 1-75 to 2 in. long, limb 1 in. across,

lobes spreading ovate, sub-acuminate. Capsule ovate, -75 in. long,

•5 in. in diam., slightly exceeding calyx. Seeds small. Gaertn. Fruct.

I. 264, t. 55 ; Lamk 111. t. 113 ; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 557 ; Miq.

Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 670 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 245.

In all the provinces, cultivated.

A native of America, cultivated in all warm countries. The common

Tobacco.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

341

Order LXXXIII. SCROPHULARIACEiE.

[By D. Pbain.]

Herbs or shrubs, occasionally epiphytic, sometimes semi-parasitic.

Leaves all or only the lower opposite, rarely all alternate or whorled,

occasionally all radical, sub-rosulate ; stipules 0. Flowers hermaphro-

dite, usually irregular ; inflorescence centripetal or composite. Calyx

inferior, 5-, rarely 4-lobed or -partite. Corolla hypogynous, more or

less 2-lipped or occasionally personate ; upper lip entire or 2-lobed,

lower 3-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4, didynamous or rarely

sub-equal, occasionally only 2, very rarely 5 ; anthers 2-celled, cells

distinct or apically or entirely confluent, or 1-celled by abortion, often

when stamens didynamous with anthers connivent and sometimes with

their apices connate in a posterior and an anterior pair. Disk annular,

cupular, or glandular. Ovary superior, 2-celled; ovules usually

numerous in each cell, anatropous or amphitropous ; style simple ;

stigma capitate or dilated, simple ; occasionally 2-lobed or 2-lamellate.

Fruit usually a capsule, rarely a berry ; placentas sometimes persistent

on a central axis, at others attached to margins of valves. Seeds small

with a lateral or ventral hilum ; albumen fleshy, rarely absent ; embryo

straight or curved.— Distbib. Species 2,000 or more, in all regions.

Angelonia grandiflora, C. Morr., an American species, has become naturalised as

an escape from gardens in Selangor (Goodenough in Herb. Eidley 10486) ; it has long

been similarly naturalised in Tenasserim and the Irawadi Delta, and has more

recently become established in the Gangetic Delta.

Corolla with upper lip or two upper lobes outmost in bud : —

Stamens 4, fertile : —

All 4 filaments inserted within corolla-tube

Trees or epiphytes

Herbs : —

Throat of corolla plicate, forming a 2-lobed palate ; anther-

cells contiguous, divaricate

Throat of corolla not plicate : —

Anther-cells discrete, stipitate; corolla distinctly 2-

lipped : —

Upper lobe of calyx distinctly exceeding the others ;

2 or sometimes all the anthers with one cell imperfect

Upper lobe of calyx hardly if at all exceeding the

others ; all 4 stamens with perfect anthers

Anther-cells contiguous; lateral calyx-lobes much

narrower than the other three ; corolla sub-equally

5-lobed

Only 2 posterior filaments inserted within . corolla-tube ; the

anterior pair inserted on corolla-throat : —

Calyx with 3 to 5 distinct ridges or wings

1. WlGHTIA.

2. Mazcs.

3. Adenosma.

4. Lisinophila.

5. Herpestis.

6. Torenia.

342

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx without wings or ridges : —

Calyx-segments narrow . . . . . . 7.

Calyx-segments broad . . . . . . 8.

Stamens only 2 posterior fertile, inserted within corolla-tube ;

anterior pair reduced to staminodes on corolla-throat : —

Calyx 4-lobed, the outer lobes very broad . . . . 9.

Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes all narrow . . . . . . 10.

Corolla with upper lip or 2 upper lobes inmost in bud; rarely

lobes imbnicate : —

Corolla-tube very short ; lobes 4, sub-equal, imbricate ; stamens

4, sub-equal

Corolla-tube elongated; lobes 5, 2-labiate: —

Calyx tubular, 5-lobed

Calyx spathaceous, split in front

.. 11 .

.. 12 .

.. 13.

Vandellia.

Artanema.

C drang a.

Bonnaya.

SCOP ARIA.

Striga.

Centranthera.

1. Wightia, Wall.

Large epiphytic climbers, eventually becoming trees. Leaves mostly

or all opposite, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers in usually axillary,

often thyrsoid racemes ; large, rosy or purple, pubescent. Calyx cam-

panulate, irregularly 3-5-lobed. Corolla-tube incurved, upper lip erect,

2-lobed, lower spreading, 3-fid. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending,

exserted ; anthers oblong, sagittate, cells parallel. Style long, tip

incurved ; stigma simple. Capsule oblong-ovoid, septicidal, many-

seeded, valves long, separating from the placentiferous axis, which is

2-partite or entire. Seeds linear, ascending, nucleus slender, testa

membranous, broadly winged all round ; albumen 0 ; embryo straight.

— Distrib. Species 3, all S.B. Asiatic.

The species of this genus exhibit the primarily epiphytic but subsequently arboreal

habit characteristic of many species of Ficus. Though often loosely spoken of as

parasites, and though, as a matter of fact, they frequently strangle the trees on which

they become established, epiphytes of this class are not parasites in the physiological

sense.

Wightia borneensis, Hook. f. in Ic. Plant. XY. 35, t. 1444

(1883). A tree, 20 feet in height and upwards, commencing life as an

epiphyte and flowering most freely in that condition. Leaves opposite,

thinly coriaceous, glabrous as are the lenticellate branchlets, drying

brown, margin entire, outline elliptic, apex obtusely acuminate, base

euneate, narrowed to the petiole, main-nerves 2-3-jugate ; length 3 to

4 in., breadth 1-25 to 1'75 in. ; petiole -75 in. long. Flowers opposite or

whorled on the rachis of axillary or terminal racemes, pedicels slender,

rigid, spreading, -5 in. long ; rachis stout, glabrous, erect, 6-10-flowered,

3 to 6 in. long. Calyx campanulate, margin entire, '4 in. across.

Corolla trumpet-shaped, incurved, purple, densely beset with a fine

stellate tomentum, 2 in. long, lobes rounded, throat slightly enlarged.

Stamens inserted near base of corolla ; filaments slender, far-exserted ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 343

anthers sagittate. Ovary glabrous ; style filiform ; stigma simple.

Fruit not seen.

Perak : Larut Hill at 3,000 feet, Derry (Herb. Curtis, n. 3710) ! —

Distrib. Borneo.

The solitary Perak specimen agrees well with a specimen from Borneo in Herb.

Kew ; as our Perak example is destitute of leaves the description of these is based on

a second Bornean example of the plant. The species is most readily distinguished

from the other two known species by its entire calyx-limb.

2. Mazus, Lour.

Small herbs, often surculose. Leaves rosulate or opposite below,

opposite or alternate above. Flowers in terminal, sub-secund racemes ;

bracts minute or 0 ; bracteoles 0. Calyx campanulate, 5-fid ; lobes

large, leafy. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube short, upper lip erect, ovate, 2-fid;

lower longer, spreading, 3-fid ; throat with a 2-lobed palate. Stamens

4, didynamous ; anther-cells contiguous, divaricate. Ovary 2-celled ;

style short ; stigma 2-lamellate ; ovules numerous. Capsule globose or

compressed, loculicidal, 2-valved, included. Seeds many, ovoid, very

minute. — Distrib. Species about 5, Asiatic and Australian.

Mazus rugosus, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 385. A small annual

glabrous or sparingly hirsute herb. Leaves many, radical, obovate-

spathulate, irregularly coarsely crenate, narrowed to a short petiole,

•75 to 3 in. long. Scapes numerous from the root, 2 to 10 in. long,

leafless or with a few alternate spatbulate leaves, with terminal racemes

1 to 6 in. long, the pedicels slender, -25 to -5 in. long, usually without

bracteoles. Calyx campanulate, - 25 in. long, lobes ovate-lanceolate,

acute, half as long as tube, spreading in fruit. Corolla pale blue, '3 in.

long. Capsule -2 in. long, included in the calyx ; calyx-mouth in front

■3 to ‘5 in. across. Seeds very minute ; testa pale straw-coloured.

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 375 ; Boiss. FI. Orient. IV. 424 ; Miq. Flor. Ind.

Bat. II. 677 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 259. M. bicolor, Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3913. M. vandellioides, Hance in Walp. Ann. III. 193.

Lindernia japonica, Thunb. Flor. Japon. 253. Hornemannia bicolor,

Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 654 ; Reichb. Icon. Exot. 25, t. 37. Colum-

nea tomentosa, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III. 98. Stemodia tomentosa, G. Don

Gen. Syst. Gard. IV. 842. Tittmannia obovata, Bunge Enum. PI.

Chin. 279. Vandellia obovata, Walp. Act. Acad. Leopold. XIX., Suppl.

I. 394. Gratiola goodenicefolia, Hornem. Hort. Hafn.

Singapore : a garden weed, Ridley ! — Distrib. E. and S.E. Asia

generally.

3. Adenosma, R. Br.

Annual, villous or glandular aromatic herbs. Leaves opposite,

rugose, crenulate. Flowers axillary or id leafy spikes, racemes or

344

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

heads ; braeteoles conspicuous or absent. Calyx deeply 5-lobed ; lobes

imbricate, the upper the largest; sometimes in fruit all enlarged.

Corolla 2-lipped ; upper lip erect, entire or notched, outmost in bud ;

lower 3-lobed, spreading ; throat not plicate ; tube cylindrie. Stamens

4, didynamous, included ; anther-cells discrete, stipitate, one cell of

each anterior stamen or of all four stamens empty. Ovary 2-celled ;

ovules in each cell numerous ; style filiform below, winged upwards

under the entire or 2-lamellate stigma. Fruit an ovoid, ellipsoid, or

lanceolate 2-grooved and 4-valved capsule, opening both loculicidally

and septicidally. Seeds many, minute, reticulate. — Distrib. Species

about 10, in S.E. Asia and Australia.

Flowers axillary ; outer fruiting sepals enlarged : — ■

Leaves ovate-obtuse, erenate-serrate

Leaves ovate-acute, serrate . .

Flowers in terminal heads, spikes or racemes ; sepals little

altered : —

Bracts linear, hardly exceeding the calyx : —

Spikes short, dense, cylindrie or capitate

Spikes long, slender . . . . . . . .

Bracts leafy, elliptic, acute, longer than calyx

1. A. ovatum.

2. A. inopinatum.

3. A. capitation.

4. A. coeruleum.

5. A. hirsutum.

1. Adenosma ovatum, Benth. in Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 263.

A puberulous or glabrate herb, branched from the base ; branches root-

ing below, prostrate or ascending, 6 to 18 in. long. Leaves ovate-

obtuse, erenate-serrate, base wide-cuneate, rounded or truncate ; blade

•75 in. long, ’5 in. wide ; petiole - 3 in. Flowers axillary, sessile ; bracts

lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals ; in

flower herbaceous, sub-equal; in fruit membranous, reticulate, pubescent,

the 3 outer enlarged, -35 in. wide, ovate-cordate, the 2 inner un-

altered, narrow lanceolate, all - 25 in. long. Corolla blue. Capsule

lanceolate, about as long as the sepals but hidden by the enlarged outer

ones. Herpestis ovata, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 30 ; Wall. Cat. 3896. H.

javanica, Bl. Bijdr. 748. Pterostigma ovatum, Benth. in DC. Prod. X.

380 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 678.

Perak : Gunong Tundul, Ridley 9444 ! Penang : Waterfall, Curtis !

Malacca: Ghriffith ! Singapore: Bukit Timah, Ridley 6894! “a

garden weed,” Ridley 8910 ! — Distrib. Indo-China, Malay Archi-

pelago.

2. Adenosma inopinatum, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXXII. 2,

16. A pubescent herb, branched from the base; branches rooting

below, ascending, 6 to 18 in. long. Leaves ovate-acute, serrate, base

cuneate; blade 1 to 1‘5 in. long, -75 to 1 in. wide; petiole -3 in.

Floivers axillary, sessile ; bracts lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx

345

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

of 5 almost free sepals ; in flower herbaceous, sub-equal ; in fruit mem-

branous, reticulate, the 3 outer enlarged, -25 in. wide, ovate-lanceolate

with truncate bases, the 2 inner unaltered, narrow lanceolate, all -25 in.

long. Corolla blue. Capsule lanceolate, about as long as the sepals

but hidden by the enlarged outer ones.

Malacca : Griffith ! Singapore : Anderson ! King’s Collector !

Very nearly allied to A. ovatum, Benth., and A. subrepens, Benth. It differs from

both by its acute leaves, but except in this respect and as regards its distribution it is

hardly separable from A. subrepens of Ceylon. From A. ovatum of Tenasserim, with

■which it has been confused, it further differs in its larger size, coarser habit of growth,

and much narrower outer sepals. It has also been confused with A. cceruleum, from

which it differs by its flowers being all axillary and by its enlarged fruiting sepals.

3. Adenosma capitatum, Benth. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IY. 264.

A stout, erect, glandular-villous herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves ovate or

oblong, sub-acute, serrate, often reflexed ; base cuneate ; blade 1 to

2 in. long, -5 to -75 in. wide ; petiole very short. Floivers in dense cylin-

dric or globose terminal or axillary heads, with basal involucres of floral

leaves ; peduncles 1 in. or less, sometimes in the lower clusters sub-

obsolete and the flowers in axillary whorls ; heads usually -5 in. across,

sometimes longer up to 4 in. long ; bracts linear, hardly exceeding the

sepals. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals, villous with long hairs, - 25 in.

long, the uppermost ovate-lanceolate, broader than the other lanceolate

4. Corolla blue. Capsule ovoid, '2 in. long. Stemodia capitata, Benth.

in Bot. Beg. under t. 1470 ; Wall. Cat. 3926. Ptcrostigma spicatum,

Benth. Scroph. Ind. 21. P. capitatum, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 31, and

in DC. Prod. X. 380. Erinus bilabiatus, Boxb. FI. Ind. III. 92.

Prov. Wellesley: King! King’s Collector. Penang: Wallich;

Deschamps ! Curtis ! Singapore : King ! Bidley ! Malacca : Cuming !

Ayer Keroh, Ridley! Griffith; Wallich. Negri Sembilan : Kwala

Pedas, Bidley ! Pahang : Bidley !— Distrib. Throughout S.E. Asia.

4. Adenosma cosruleum, B. Br. Prod. 443. An erect herb, 1 to

2 feet high, viseidly pubescent. Leaves ovate-acute, crenate, base

rounded or cordate ; blade 1'5 to 2'5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide ; petiole

■5 to 1 in. long. Flowers in long slender strict spikes ; bracts lanceo-

late, about as long as calyx. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals, the upper

lanceolate the rest linear, not very greatly altered in fruit. Corolla

blue. Cajjsule lanceolate, rather longer than the sepals. Benth. Flor.

Austral. IV. 484; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IY. 263. Pterostigma

villosum, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 21, and in DC. Prod. X. 380 partly ; Miq

Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 678. P. strictum, Griff. Not. IV. 96 ; Ic. PL Asiat.

t. 417, f. 3. Stemodia ccerulea, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 381. Herpestis

lanuginosa, Bl. Bijdr. 747.

346

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Selangor : Ridley ! Perak : Scortechini ! Wray ! Malacca -

Griffith ! Cuming ! Maingay ; Hervey ! Singapore : Cuming ! Wallich.

— Distrib. Indo-China, Malaya, Australia.

Scortechini notes on this, “ aromatic ; most likely introduced.” It appears, how-

ever, to be native.

6. Adenosma hirsutum, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV. 2. 143.

A stout, erect, villous herb, 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves ovate or elliptic,

sub-acute, serrate, base cuneate; blade 1 to 2 in. long, - 5 to - 75 in-

wide ; petiole very short or 0. Floivers in dense cylindric or oblong

heads, often ternate, usually peduncled, with closely imbricate hirsute

leafy bracts ; peduncles sometimes 1-5 in. long ; heads 1 to 3 in. long,

■75 to 1 in. wide ; bracts ovate-acute, serrate, ‘4 to ‘6 in. long. Calyx

of 5 almost free villous linear sepals, -25 in. long. Corolla blue. Cap-

sule ovate, abruptly beaked, as long as calyx. Pterostigma hirsutum,

Miq. Elor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562. P. villosum, Miq. l.c. ( not of Benth.).

Province Wellesley: Curtis 2238! Ridley 6977! Nicobars :

Kamorta, Kurz ! — Distrib. Sumatra ( Teysmann 1157), Bangka ( Toys -

mann 3429), Borneo ( Motley , n. 215).

A coarser plant than A. capitatum, with leafy bracts throughout the spikes.

4. Limnophila, B. Br.

Herbs of marshes and pools, glabrous or pubescent, aromatic.

Leaves with transparent dots, opposite or whorled, toothed or cut,

when submerged frequently laciniate-multifid. Flowers solitary

axillary, sessile or pedicelled, or passing into terminal spikes or racemes ;

bracts leafy ; bracteoles small or obsolete. Calyx 5-partite ; lobes

narrow, imbricate, all equal or the upper largest. Corolla 2-labiate

upper lip outmost, sub-erect, entire or 2-fid ; lower spreading, 3-lobed ;

throat not plicate ; tube cylindric. Stamens 4, didynamous, included;

anther-cells all perfect, usually discrete, stipitate, occasionally con-

tiguous. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous ; style slender,,

with deflexed tip and 2-lamellate stigma. Fruit an ovoid or oblong

capsule, with both septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence, the placenti-

ferous septum separating from the valves. Seeds many, minute, angular

and truncate, reticulate. — Distrib. Species about 25, in the tropics of

the Eastern Hemisphere and Australia.

Leaves never pinnatifid above, very rarely so even on lower

portion of stem : —

Flowers sessile : —

Leaves at least 1 in. long : —

Leaves petioled, 2 to 3 in. long, pubescent or glabrous .. 1. L. Roxiurghii.

347

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves sessile, 1 to 2 in. long, softly pubescent

Leaves glabrous, never exceeding 5 in. long

Flowers pedicelled : —

Leaves hirsute : —

Leaves usually opposite, rarely 3-nate, never more than

•75 in. long ; flowers always axillary, solitary

Leaves usually 3-4-nately whorled, rarely opposite, never

less than 1-5 in. long ; flowers usually cymose or panicu-

late, rarely axillary, solitary

Leaves glabrous : —

Leaves euneate at base, always opposite ; flowers axillary,

solitary : —

Stems creeping ; branches many, divaricate ; pedicels in

fruit erect

Stems erect, usually simple ; pedicels in fruit recurved. .

Leaves half-amplexicaul at base, often 3-4-nately whorled,

flowers usually in many-flowered racemes, rarely axillary,

solitary

Leaves mostly or all lobulate or pinnatisect, or capillary multi-

2. L. balsamea.

3. L. micrantha.

4. L. villosa.

5. L. hirsuta.

6. L. pygmcea.

7. L. erecta.

8. L. gratissima.

fid:—

Flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled ; uppermost

Flowers all solitary

Flowers passing into a terminal spike

leaves entire: —

. . 9. L. sessiliflora.

j 10. L. heterophylla,

' ■ \ vab. reflexa.

Flowers all pedicelled, the pedicels exceeding the calyx ; all the

leaves capillary multifid .. .. •• -.11. L. Griffithii.

1. Limnophila Roxburghii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IY. 543 (not, of

Benth.). A stout glabrous or pubescent aromatic herb, with a creeping

rootstock and with decumbent rooting base, giving off numerous erect

stems 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves opposite, petioled, elliptic or ovate,

obtuse or sub-acute, margin crenulate, base euneate, punctate beneath,

nerves distinct, 8 to 10 pairs ; length up to 4 in, width to 2 in. ; petiole

•75 in. Flowers sessile, in axillary peduncled heads, rarely solitary.

Calyx hirsute, -2 in. long ; lobes lanceolate, finely acuminate in fruit,

not striate. Corolla -35 in. long, purplish-blue with a yellow throat.

Capsule -2 in. long, elliptic, sub-acute. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 265.

L. Menthastrum, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 386 ; Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX.

406. Herpestis rugosa, Both Nov. Sp. 290. Capraria gratissima,

Roxb. PI. Ind. III. 92 (in part). Stemodia Menthastrum, Benth.

Scroph. Ind. 23 ; Wall. Cat. 3927. Adenosma triflora, Seem. FI.

Vit. 184 (not of Nees). Echpta scabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 3212.

Kedah : Langkawi, at Coah, Curtis 2556 ! — Distrib. Himalaya,

from Chamba eastward, N. and C. India, Indo-China, Philippines,

China.

The bases of the stems are often submerged, and besides the fibrous roots then

emitted the lower nodes at times have multifid submerged leaves. The plant smells

strongly* of Aniseed.

348

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. Limnophila balsamea, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 386. A stoutish,

softly pubescent herb ; stem 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves opposite, elliptic,

sub-acute, narrowed from the middle to the base with margin entire,

beyond the middle obscurely crenulate, punctate beneath, nerves

slender, 3 to 5 pairs ; length up to 2 in., width to 1 in. ; petiole 0.

Flowers in short peduncled axillary heads or spikes. Calyx hirsute,

■15 in. long ; lobes lanceolate, finely acuminate ; in fruit striate.

Corolla -35 in. long. Capsule -2 in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse.

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 266. Stemodia balsamea, Benth. Scroph.

Ind. 23 ; Wall. Cat. 3928.

Perak : King’s Collector 1027 ! — Distrib. Indo-China.

3. Limnophila micrantha, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 387. A small,

stoutish, glabrous herb, creeping below ; stem 3 to 6 in. long, branching

from the base. Leaves all opposite, crowded, thick, "25 to ‘45 in. long,

margin entire or very sparingly sub-serrate, punctate beneath ; nerves

obscure ; petiole 0. Flowers axillary, sub-sessile, small. Calyx '06 in.

long, glabrous ; lobes subulate, in fruit striate. Corolla reddish-purple,

■12 in. long. Capsule ovate, '08 in. long. Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind.

IV. 267. Stemodia micrantha, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 23 ; Wall. Cat. 3936.

Herpestris pygmcea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.

Pahang : Ridley ! — Distrib. Indo-China, Bengal.

4. Limnophila villosa, Bl. Bijdr. 750. An erect or spreading, sub-

simple, stoutish or slender, pubescent herb ; stems 4 to 6 in. high.

Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, sub-crenate, '5 to '75 in. long, punctate

beneath, nerves obscure; petiole 0. Flowers axillary, solitary, on

short pubescent pedicels, -15 in. long, erect in fruit. Calyx hirsute,

•15 in. long, lobes lanceolate, acuminate-subulate, in fruit striate.

Corolla -2 in. long. Capsule 15 in. long, ovate. Benth. in DC. Prod.

X. 388 ; Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. II. 681. L. laxa, Benth. in DC. Prod.

X. 388 partly. L. pulcherrima, Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 267. Her-

pestis pulclierrima, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.

Perak: Wray 788! Malacca: Griffith! Cuming! Maingay !

Ridley ! Hervey ! Penang : Tulloh Bahang, Curtis ! Ridley 7104 !

Pahang : Ridley ! Singapore : King’s Collector ! Hullett ! Deschamps !

Kurz ! Ridley ! Province Wellesley : King ! Salama : Scortechini !

— Distrib. Sumatra, Java.

5. Limnophila hirsuta, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388. An erect

hirsute herb ; stem 6 to 8 in. high. Leaves opposite or 3-4-nately

whorled, elliptic, linear-oblong or sub-spathulate, 1‘5 to 2'5 in. long,

apex obtuse, margin serrulate, punctate beneath, nerves few, very

indistinct ; petiole short or obsolete. Flowers axillary, solitary or

cymose or paniculate at the apex of the stem; pedicels - 2 to '75 in.

349

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bracteoles minute. Calyx '3 in. long, hirsute; lobes lanceolate, finely

acuminate, in fruit striate. Corolla -5 in. long. Capsule sub-orbicular,

-25 in. long. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. L. javanica, A. DC. in

DC. Prod. X. 594. Stemodia hirsuta, Heyne, ex Wall, in Cat. 3930 ;

Benth. Scroph. Ind. 24. Ambulia ebracteata, Ham. ex Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 268.

Nicobars : Kurz ! Perak : Scortechini ! Kunstler ! Malacca :

Ridley ! — Distrib. India, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago, China.

6. Limnophila pygmaia, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. A very

small, glabrous, much-branched creeping herb ; branches 4 to 6 in. long,

divaricate. Leaves opposite, - 3 to - 4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, apex

acute, margin sub-serrate ; punctate beneath, nerves very obscure ;

petiole 0. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels slender, -15 to -2 in. long,

erect in fruit. Calyx '15 in. long, hirsute, lobes subulate-lanceolate,

striate in fruit. Corolla -2 in. long. Capsule '15 in., ovate. Herpestis

pygmcea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104. Stemodia diffusa, Benth. in Wall. Cat.

3937.

Malacca : Griffith ! Cuming ! — Distrib. Tenasserim.

7. Limnophila erecta, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388. An erect,

sub-simple or branched, stoutish glabrous herb ; stems 4 to 8 in. high.

Leaves all opposite, linear-oblong, -5 to 1 in. long, apex acute, margin

sub-serrate except the narrow cuneate base, punctate beneath, nerves

obscure ; petiole very short or obsolete. Flowers white, axillary, soli-

tary, on short pedicels, -1 in. long, recurved in fruit. Calyx glabrous,

•15 in. long, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, in fruit striate. Corolla -2 in.

long. Capsule '15 in. long, ovate. Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX. 406 ;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 267. Stemodia gratioloides, Benth.

Scroph. Ind. 25; Wall. Cat. 3938.

Perak : Scortechini ! Wray ! King's Collector ! Negri Sembilan :

Ridley ! Selangor : Ridley ! Pahang : Ridley ! — Distrib. Indo-

China, Bengal, S. China.

8. Limnophila gratissima, Bl. Bijdr. 749. An erect, glabrous herb

with a stout stem, 1 to 2 feet high, simple or occasionally branched

above. Leaves opposite and ternate, half-amplexieaul, linear-oblong,

1‘5 to 2'5 in. long, apex sub-acute, margin serrulate, punctate beneath,

nerves few, indistinct ; petiole 0. Flowers in axillary and terminal

many-flowered racemes, rarely flowers axillary solitary, sometimes the

racemes 12 in. long and paniculately branched with the flowers whorled,

at others the racemes reduced; pedicels -5 to 1 in. long, glandular;

bracteoles minute. Calyx -3 in. long, glabrate, lobes lanceolate-acumi-

nate; in fruit calyx hemispherical with lobes striate. Corolla -5 in.

long. Capsule oblong, acute, -3 in. long. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 26 ;

350

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Wall. Cat. 3906 ; Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. L. punctata, Bl.

Bijdr. 750 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388 ; Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. II. 682 ;

Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX. 406. Gratiola aromatica, Pers. Synops. I. 14.

Ambulia aromatica, Lamk Encycl. Metk. I. 128. Rheede Hort.

Malab. X. 6.

Malacca : Griffith. Perak : King’s Collector ! Wray ! — Distrib.

S.E. Asia generally, N. Australia.

9. Limnophila sessiflora, Blume Bijdr. 750. A hirsute or rarely

glabrate herb ; stem stoutish, 4 to 8 in. long. Leaves 3 to 6 in a whorl

throughout all lobulate or pinnatisect, or the uppermost very rarely

opposite entire, usually about - 4 to - 5 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary,

sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx - 3 in. long, lobes ovate-aeuminate,

tube in fruit membranous, hemispheric, not striate. Corolla -5 in. long.

Capsule orbicular, turgid, -2 in. across. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 25; Wall.

Cat. 3902 ; DC. Prod. X. 389 ; Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. II. 683 ; Hook. f.

Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 270. Hottonia sessiliflora, Vahl Symb. II. 36.

Kedah : Langkawi, in swamps, Curtis ! — Distrib. Throughout

S.E. Asia.

10. Limnophila heterophylla, Benth. ; var. rcflexa, Hook. f. Plor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 270. A glabrous herb with a very slender elongated

stem, 1 to 1-5 feet long. Leaves towards apex of stem usually opposite,

small, rarely over -25 in. long, sessile, half-amplexicaul, oblong, margin

crenulate ; followed by pinnatifid leaves 4 to 6 in a whorl, -5 in. long ;

with below these submerged whorled and very finely capillary-multifid

leaves, -5 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary, the upper sub-sessile

passing into a short leafy spike, the lower pedicelled, with pedicels

recurved in fruit and longer than the calyx. Calyx '25 in. long, lobes

ovate, very shortly acuminate, in fruit not at all striate ; tube in fruit

hemispheric, membranous. Corolla '4 in. long. Capsule sub-globose,

■3 in. long. L. reflexa, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 25 ; DC. Prod. X. 389 ;

Wall. Cat. 3904.

Malacca : Cuming. Kedah : Curtis 2103 1 — Distrib. (of variety,)

Tenasserim : (of type,) throughout S.E. Asia.

This variety differs from the type in having distinctly shorter submerged leaves, and

distinctly longer pedicels to the lower flowers.

11. Limnophila Griffithii, Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 271. A

very small herb with creeping tufted stems, sending down long rigid

roots and emitting many erect branches, 1 to 2 in. long, sometimes

stout and stiff, sometimes slender and flaccid. Leaves -25 to - 35 in.

long, usually densely whorled and imbricated, multifid. Flowers

axillary solitary, on slender pedicels, - 35 to '5 in. long, that are deflexed

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

351

in fruit. Calyx -1 in. long, teeth short. Corolla pure white, -4 in. long.

L. sessiliflora, Griff. Notul. IV. 99, t. 418, f. 5 ( not of Bl.). L. gratio-

loides var. myriophylloides, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 389 partly. Quin-

quclobus glaher, Benj. in Linnaea XX. 316. Benjaminea glabra, Benj.

in Linnaea XX. 761.

Malacca: Griffith! Leman, Cuming! Maingay ! Perak: King’s

Collector !

Griffith’s specimens have slightly larger leaf-segments and shorter pedicels than

those of Maingay, Cuming, and Kunstler, where the leaf-segments are finely capillary.

But Griffith’s plant evidently grew on mud, while that of Kunstler was floating in

water, and the difference of habitat probably sufficiently explains the difference in

foliage. The flowers of the two forms are the same.

5. Herpestis, Gaertn. f.

Herbs, glabrous. Leaves often dotted, entire or toothed, or below

submerged and multifid. Flowers axillary or racemose ; bracteoles

small or obsolete. Calyx 5-partite ; lobes imbricate, the upper largest,

the two lateral inmost often very narrow. Corolla indistinctly 2-lipped;

upper lip outmost spreading, 2-lobed or only emarginate, lower 3-lobed ;

tube cylindric. Stamens 4, didynamous, included ; anthers sometimes

approximate in pairs ; cells contiguous, parallel, not confluent. Ovary

2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous ; style dilated at the top ;

stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a globose or ovoid 2-celled capsule ;

valves 2 or 4, separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many,

very minute.- — Distrib. Species about 50, throughout the tropics.

Herpestis Monnieria, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. and Sp. II. 366.

A glabrous, rather succulent creeping herb, rooting at the nodes ;

branches 4 to 10 in. long. Leaves obovate-oblong, spathulate, sessile,

obtuse, entire, - 5 to -75 in. long. Flowers axillary, peduncles usually

•75 to 1 in. long ; bracteoles 2. Calyx of 5 nearly free sepals, -2 to

•3 in. long, the upper sepal ovate. Corolla white, faintly tinged with

blue, - 4 to '6 in. long, lobes sub-equal. Capsule ovoid, acute, hidden by

the sepals, '15 to - 25 in. long. Seeds minute, irregular ; testa pale. Benth.

Scroph. Ind. 30, and in DC. Prod. X. 410 ; Wall. Cat. 3900 ; Dalz. &

Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 178 ; Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. II. 685 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2557 ;

Boiss. Plor. Orient. IV. 426 ; Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 272. H.

spathulata, Bl. Bijdr. 748. Gratiola Monnieria, Linn. Cent. PI. II.

n. 120; Roxb. Cor. PI. II. 41, t. 178, and Plor. Ind. I. 141. Septis

repens, Lour. Plor. Cochin-Chin. 392. Bramia indica, Lamk Encyc.

I. 459. Rheede Hort. Malab. X. t. 14.

Malacca: Hervey ! Johore : Hullett ! Singapore: Kurz ! Bid-

ley ! — Distrib. Throughout the tropics.

352

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

6. Torenia, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite, entire or crenate or

serrate. Floivers often showy, axillary, or in terminal or pseudo-axillary

racemes or umbels ; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lipped or 3-5-toothed,

3-5-keeled or -winged or -folded. Corolla 2-lipped ; upper lip outmost

erect, concave or pinched, notched or 2-fid ; lower larger spreading,

3-lobed; tube cylindric, somewhat curved, dilated upwards. Stamens

4, didynamous ; upper pair included inserted on corolla-tube ; lower

inserted on throat, appendaged or not at base, and connivent under

upper lip ; anthers contiguous or connate in pairs, cells often confluent.

Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous ; style slender ; stigma

2-lamellate. Fruit a linear or oblong, included septicidal capsule ;

valves separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, rugose

or cancellate. — Distrib. Species 20, Tropical Asiatic and African, one

American.

Calyx very distinctly winged : —

Fruiting calyx sub-orbicular, as broad as long ; stems prostrate

and rooting .. .. .. .. 1. polygonoides.

Fruiting calyx longer than broad ; stems erect : —

Wings broad distinctly decurrent on the pedicels ; corolla

very little exserted ; bracteoles very small ; pedicels shorter

than the calyx . . . . . . . . 2. T. pedimcularis.

Wings narrow hardly decurrent on the pedicels ; corolla

distinctly exserted ; bracteoles large ; pedicels as long as or

longer than the calyx .. .. .. ..3. T. ciliata.

Calyx hardly or not at all winged : —

Flowers all axillary : —

Stems and leaves glabrous ; calyx deeply lobed, faintly

winged . . . . . . . . . . 4. T. asiatica.

Stems and leaves hirsute ; calyx wingless, shortly lobed . . 5. T. Bentliamiana.

Flowers in terminal racemes ; stems and leaves hirsute ; calyx

wingless, shortly lobed . . . . . . . . 6. T. flava.

1. Torenia polygonoides, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A slender strag-

gling herb ; branches 6 to 12 in. long, decumbent and often rooting at

the nodes ; all parts glabrous. Leaves orbicular-ovate, serrate ; lamina

■4 to '5 in. long, -35 to -45 in. wide, apex acute or sub-acute, base

cuneate ; petiole slender, '25 in. long. Flowers axillary on 2-4-flowered

peduncles ; pedicels -25 in. long, slender ; bracteoles minute. Calyx

tubular with very wide wings, in fruit sub-orbicular - 3 in. in diam.

Corolla -35 in. long, white or white and pink, distinctly exserted.

DC. Prod. X. 409 ; Miq. PI or. Ind. Bat. II. 688 ; Hook. f. Plor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 276. T. cardiosepala, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 409. Ilerpestis

polygonoides, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3897.

35a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Singapore : Wallich 3897 ! King's Collector ! Hullett ! Murton,

Kuntze ! Schomburgk ! Anderson ! Kurz ! Malacca : Maingay !

Griffith ! Goodenough ! Penang : Bouton ; Deschamps ! Perak : Gapis

Pass, Curtis 2683 !

2. Torenia peduncularis, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3956. An erect

annual herb 1 to 2 feet high ; branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy

upwards, below ciliate only on the angles with recurved hairs. Leaves

ovate-lanceolate, base cordate, apex acuminate, margin serrate ; lamina

membranous 1 to 2 in. long, -5 to 1 in. wide, sparingly hairy on both

surfaces ; petiole slender, sparsely hirsute, -5 to -75 in. long. Floivers

axillary solitary, or the uppermost in a sub-umbellate corymb or a

terminal raceme, the lowest in the raceme leaf-opposed ; pedicels -3 in.,

in fruit -5 in. long, thickened upwards, shorter than the calyx ; brac-

teoles linear-subulate small. Calyx-tube narrow-ovate, -6 in., in fruit

■85 in. long, wings broad, decurrent on the pedicel, the margins ciliate.

Corolla -75 in. long, little exserted, tube yellow below, pale blue above,

lateral lobes of lip with darker blotches. Stamens with glabrous

filaments not appendaged. Disk cupular. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

IV. 276. T. edentula, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 410 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4229.

Penang : Schomburgk ! Malacca : Goodenough ! Perak : Scorte-

cliini ! Ridley 9457 ! 9758 ! Ipoh, Curtis ! Nicobars : Kamorta,

Kurz ! — Distrib. Indo-China, Java, Timor.

3. Torenia ciliata, Sm. in Bees Cyclop. V. 36. An erect annual

herb, 1 to 2 feet high, branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy up-

wards, below ciliate only on the angles. Leaves ovate, base wide

cuneate, apex obtuse or sub-acute, margin entire or crenate ; lamina

membranous 1-5 to 2-5 in. long, ‘75 to 1'25 in. wide, sparingly hairy

on both surfaces ; petiole winged above -25 to -5 in. long, sometimes

shorter. Floivers in distant pairs, racemed at the ends of the branches ;

pedicels -3 in., in fruit -4 in. long, thickened upwards, as long as or

longer than the calyx ; bracteoles -3 in. long, linear, hirsute, as long as

the flowering pedicels. Calyx very narrow-tubular, -4 in., in fruit

•6 in. long, wings distinct but narrow, the margins ciliate. Corolla

•75 in. long, distinctly exserted, light blue. Benth. in DC. Prod.

X. 411 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 689 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 279.

T. racemosa, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 38 ( not of Griff.). T. ccerulea, Miq. Flor.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562. T. flava, Wall. Cat. 3957 (in part) ; Miq. Flor.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562 ( not of Ham).

Penang : Wallich ! Deschamps ! Perak : King’s Collector ! Scor-

techini ! Ridley ! — Distrib. Sumatra, Timor.

Very near to T. peduncularis, and really only separable by its smaller more winged

calyx. It may be remarked that Kurz in Herb. Calcutta has suggested that T. ciliata

354 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

is = T. peduncvlaris, while in the field Scortechini has named T. peduncularis,

T. ciliata."

4. Torenia asiatxca, Linn. Sp. PI. 619. A sub-erect or spreading

slightly branching herb, stems quadrangular glabrous. Leaves ovate-

lanceolate, base cuneate, margin finely serrate ; lamina 1’5 to 2 - 5 in.

long, 1 to l - 5 in. wide, membranous, glabrous; petiole slender, glabrous,

•5 in. long. Flowers axillary, pedicels '5 in. long ; braeteoles minute

subulate. Calyx -5 in. long, deeply 5-partite, lobes narrow-lanceolate,

with a prominent midrib. Corolla 1-5 in. long, tube narrow- cylindric

at base, infundibuliform above, dark violet on both sides, upper lobe

erect, lip 3-lobed spreading, all yellowish. Stamens with appendages on

anterior filaments. Disk cupular waved. Wight Ic. t. 862; Benth. in

DC. Prod. X. 410 ; Wall. Cat. 3953 A. B. ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II.

689 ; Gaertn. Fruct. III. 29, t. 184 ; Larnk 111. t. 523 ; Bot. Mag.

t. 4249 ; Lem. 111. Hortic. t. 199 ; Flore des Serres II. t. 157 ; XIII.

t. 1342; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 277. Treisteria cordata, Griff.

Notul. IV. 109. Rheede Hort. Malab. IX. t. 53.

Perak : Scortechini 2212 ! Ridley 5307 I 9756 ! King’s Collector

1816 ! Curtis ! Selangor : Ridley 8533 ! — Distrib. India, Sumatra,

Java, Indo-China, China.

5. Torenia Benthamiana, Hance Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. XVIII. 226.

A slender straggling herb ; branches 6 to 10 in. long, decumbent and often

rooting at the nodes, all parts sparingly hirsute. Leaves ovate, acute,

margin serrate; lamina -5 to -75 in. long, -3 to -4 in. wide, base truncate

or cuneate ; petiole - 25 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels

•75 to P25 in. long, slender ; braeteoles minute. Calyx very narrow-

tubular, -35 in. long, in fruit -5 in. long, keeled and channelled but not

winged, hirsute with sparse spreading hairs. Corolla P25 in. long,

distinctly exserted ; tube violet purple, limb yellow. T. Bailloni

Godef. in 111. Hortic. XXV. t. 324 ; E. Morr. in Belg. Hortic. XXIX.

t. 9, f. 2. T. flava, Bot. Mag. t. 6700 ( not of Ham.).

Johore : Ridley 4160! — Distrib. Siam, Cochin-China, S. China.

6. Torenia flava, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3957. An erect annual herb,

1 to 2 feet high ; branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy upwards,

below ciliate only on the angles with spreading hairs. Leaves ovate or

ovate-oblong, base wide-cuneate, margin entire or crenate; lamina

membranous 1 to l - 5 in. long, -7 to 1 in. wide, hairy on both surfaces ;

petiole winged above, often very short. Flowers racemed at the ends

of the branches; pedicels -2 in., in fruit -3 in. long, thickened upwards,

shorter than the calyx ; braeteoles '4 in. long linear, hirsute, rather

longer than the fruiting pedicels. Calyx very narrow-tubular -35 in.,

in fruit -5 in. long, keeled and channelled but not winged, hirsute

355

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

throughout with sparse spreading hairs. Corolla ‘75 in. long, distinctly

exserted, bright yellow. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 38, and in DC. Prod. X.

414 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 689 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 278.

Pentsteira racemosa, Griff. Notul. IV. 120. Mimulus hirsutus, Bl.

Bijdr. 756.

Pebak : Kunstler 904 ! — Distbib. Indo-China, Malaya.

7. Vandellia, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite, often toothed,

usually penninerved. Flowers small, axillary or racemose ; bracteoles

0. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, or oftener deeply 5-partite, neither

keeled nor winged. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip outmost, erect,

concave, emarginate or 2-lid ; lower wider, spreading, 3-lobed ; tube

cylindric. Stamens 4, didynamous ; the posterior pair inserted in

corolla-tube, usually included, the anterior pair inserted on corolla-

throat, with arched filaments appendaged near the base ; anthers

contiguous or connate in pairs under upper lip, cells divaricate.

Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma

2-lamellate. Fruit a globose or ovoid, or long cylindric, septicidal

capsule ; valves separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds

many, small, rugose. — Distbib. Species about 30, mostly S.E. Asiatic.

Capsule about equalling or shorter than the calyx : —

Calyx very shortly 5-lobed . .

Calyx divided almost to the base in 5 sepals : —

Sepals longer than the capsule : —

Stems erect ; all parts sparsely beset with spreading hairs ;

leaves entire or sinuate

Stems procumbent ; all parts softly villous ; leaves crenate-

serrate

Sepals not longer than the capsule : —

Leaves sessile

Leaves petioled

Capsule much longer than the calyx

1. V. Crustacea.

2. V. hirsuta.

3. V. mollis.

i. V. scabra.

5. V. elata.

6. V. pedunculata.

1. Vandellia cbustacea, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 35. A diffusely

trichotomously branched, glabrous or sparsely hairy herb ; branches

mostly from near the root ; stems 4 to 18 in. high. Leaves ovate or

lanceolate, entire or serrate; lamina '5 to 1 in. long, '25 to '5 in. wide;

petioles short. Floivers axillary or sub-racemose ; pedicels slender,

strict, - 5 to 1'5 in. long. Calyx shortly 5-lobed, in flower - 1 in., in

fruit -15 in. long. Corolla pale purple or white. Capsule ovate-oblong,

obtuse, '12 in. long. DC. Prod. X. 413; Wight Ic. t. 863; Miq. Flor.

Ind. Bat. II. 690 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 279. V. alba, Benth.

356

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Scroph. Ind. 35. Torenia varians, Eoxb. FI. Ind. III. 96. T. lucida.

Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3962. T. alba, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3961 partly.

T. flaccida, E. Br. Prod. 440. Gratiola lucida, Vahl Enum. I. 95 ;

Eoxb. Cor. PI. II. 2, t. 202, and Flor. Ind. 1. 138. G. aspera, Eotli Nov.

PL II. Peristeira paniculata, Griff. Notul. IV. 119. Gapraria Crustacea,

Linn. Mant. 87. Morgania lucida, Spreng. Syst. II. 802. M. aspera,

Spreng. Syst. II. 803. Mirnulus javanicus, Bl. Bijdr. 283. Hornemannia

ovata, Link & Otto Io. PI. Sel. I. 9, t. 3. Tittmannia ovata, Eeichb.

Icon. Exot. I. 27. Antirrhinum hexandrum, Forsk. Flor. iEgypt.-Arab.

43. Eumph. Herb. Amb. V. t. 170, f. 3.

Penang : Curtis 1 Prov. Wellesley : King ! Perak : Curtis !

Singapore : Wallicli ! Schomburgk ! Ridley ! Hullett ! Kunstler ! Des-

champs ! Ettrz ! Pahang : Ridley ! Malacca : Hervey ! — Distrib.

Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

2. Vandellia hirsuta, Bentb. Scroph. Ind. 36. An erect succulent

trichotomously branched herb, 4 to 6 in. high, sparsely clothed with

spreading hairs. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, entire or sinuate, 1 to

3 in. long ; upper sessile '5 to 1 in. wide, lower petioled, -4 to -75 in.

wide. Floivers minute in many- flowered racemes; pedicels slender,

•15 to - 2 in. long. Sepals lanceolate - 08 in., in fruit -1 in. long. Corolla

blueish-white. Capsule orbicular '08 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 414 ;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 280. Tittmannia ovata, Benth. in Wall.

Cat. 3942. T. viscosa, Eeichb. Ic. Exot. I. 26, t. 38. Horncmannia

prostrata, Jacq. Eel. t. 150.

Perak : Kunstler ! Pahang : Ridley ! Singapore : Ridley 2701 /

— Distrib. S.E. Asia generally.

3. Vandellia mollis, Benth. Scorph. Ind. 37. A procumbent herb ;

stems creeping below, 6 to 18 in. long, slender or stoutish, softly villous

with spreading white hairs. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or

sub-acute, margin crenate-serrate ; both surfaces softly villous with

white glistening hairs ; nerves 3 to 4 pairs, oblique, ascending ; length

1 to 1'5 in., width -5 to -75 in. ; petiole short, ’2 in. long or less.

Flowers on axillary pedicels or in axillary or terminal racemes, the

pedicels slender, softly villous, -25 to -75 in. long. Sepals subulate-

lanceolate, softly villous with white hairs, -4 to -5 in. long. Corolla

•5 to -6 in. long, tube white, upper lip brown and lower lip yellow.

Stamens with filaments hirsute below, the upper pair with orbicular

basal processes. Capsule oblong, -2 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 414 ;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 281. Tittmannia hirta, Benth. in Wall.

Cat. 3948.

Selangor : Rawang, Ridley 7605 ! — Distrib. Eastern Himalaya,

S. China, Indo-China, Sumatra, Java.

357

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4. Vandellia scabra, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. A slender diffusely

branched herb with rather rigid stems and branches, the latter 2 to

4 in. long ; more or less clothed everywhere with long white spreading

hairs. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, or orbicular, serrate or

entire, acute or obtuse; lamina - 3 to -6 in. long, -3 in. wide. Flowers

axillary or terminal, on slender capillary pedicels -5 to 1-5 in. long,

strict, spreading in fruit, much longer than calyx. Sepals lanceolate,

hirsute or glabrous, -1 in. long. Corolla - 3 in. long. Capsule orbicular

■1 in. long. DO. Prod. X. 414 ; Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat. II. 692 ; Griff.

Notul. IV. 122, and Ic. PL Asiat. t. 418, f. 4 ; Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV.

281. V. monnierioides, Ham. ex Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 281.

Torenia hirta, Cham. & Schlecht! Linnsea II. 571. T. globosa, Ham.

ex Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 281. Gratiola pusilla, Willd. Sp. PL I.

105. Columnea minuta, Eoxb. Plor. Ind. III. 98. Tittmannia pusilla,.

Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3945 partly. T. sulcata, Wight in Wall. Cat.

3946 partly. Bonnaya Vahlii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 538. Stemodia

minuta, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 542. Selago pusilla, Thunb. Prod. PL

Cap. 99.

Malacca: Griffith! Prov. Wellesley : King ! Negri Sembilan :

Serembam, Bidley 10090! Singapore: King's Collector! Ridley ! —

Distrib. S.E. Asia generally, Africa, Madagascar.

5. Vandellia elata, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. A slender, sub-erect

or diffuse, glabrous or sparingly hirsute herb ; stems simple or dichoto-

mously branched, sometimes rooting near the base ; branches slender,

6 to 8 in. long or longer. Leaves ovate, coarsely crenate-toothed, acute,

base cuneate entire passing into the petiole ; lamina ’3 to -5 in. long,

■25 to 3 in. wide ; petiole '15 to '25 in. Flotvers axillary or terminal,

on slender capillary pedicels -3 to -5 in. long, strict, somewhat spreading

in fruit, much longer than calyx. Sepals narrow-lanceolate, sparingly

hirsute, ‘09 in. long. Corolla very small, pale blue, - 1 in. long. Capsule

broadly oblong, -12 in. long, as long as the fruiting sepals. DC. Prod.

X. 414; Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 280. Tittmannia elata, Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3944.

Singapore : Bidley ! — Distrib. Tenasserim, Borneo.

6. Vandellia pedunculata, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 37. A slender

glabrous herb, stem sometimes creeping at the base ; branches slender,

4 to 10 in. long, prostrate. Leaves ovate, obtuse or sub-acute, obscurely

crenate-toothed, -5 to 1 in. long, -4 in. wide, shortly petioled. Flowers

axillary and in terminal racemes; pedicels slender 1-5 in. long, usually

twice as long as leaves or longer. Sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate, free

almost to the base, -25 in. long. Corolla white, or pale blue with a

white spot. Capsule linear-lanceolate, m 5 in. long. DC. Prod. X. 416 ;.

358

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Griff. Notul. IY. 120; Ic. PI. Asiat. t. 418, f. 2; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 282. V. Boxburghii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 549. V. cordifolia,

G. Don. Gen. Syst. IV. 549. Gratiola cordifolia, Vahl Enum. I. 97 ;

Don Prod. 85. Bonnaya cordifolia, Spreng. Syst. I. 42. Tittmannia

grandiflora, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3949. Torcnia diffusa, Roxb. FI. Ind.

II. 95. T. varians, Griff. Notul. IV. 125 {not of Roxb.).

Malacca : Harvey ! Singapore : King’s Collector ! Thomson !

Ridley! Johore : Ridley! Perak: Wray! Scortechini ! Ridley !

Penang: Curtis /— Distrib. S.E. Asia generally.

8. Artanema, Don.

Herbs with rather tall, erect, angled stems. Leaves opposite, entire

or serrate, scabrid above as are the stem-angles. Flowers large, blue,

pink or white, in terminal racemes ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles obsolete.

Calyx 5-partite ; lobes acuminate, smooth, much dilated. Corolla

2-lipped ; upper lip outmost, erect, broad, emarginate ; lower 3-lobed,

spreading ; throat not plicate ; tube wide-cylindric. Stamens 4, didy-

namous ; posterior pair short included, anterior pair long with arching

filaments dilated at the base ; anther-cells confluent at their tips.

Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous ; style slender ; stigma

2-lamellate. Fruit a globose septicidal capsule ; valves 2, separating

from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, small, rugose. — Distrib.

Species 3 to 4, in tropics of Eastern Hemisphere and Australia.

Leaves shortly petioled ; flowers over -5 in. long .. 1. A. sesamoides.

Leaves sessile, narrower ; flowers under "5 in. long. . .. 2. A. angustifolium.

1. Artanema sesamoides, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A herb, 2 to

3 feet high. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate-acuminate, entire or

serrate, 2 to 4 in. long, -75 to 1-25 in. wide. Flowers in racemes 6 to

9 in. long ; pedicels -3 to '5 in. long, usually slightly exceeding the

calyx. Calyx of 5 sub-equal lobes, - 25 to - 3 in. long. Corolla blue,

•75 in. long. Capsule globose, '3 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 408 ;

Wight Ic. t. 1410 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 686 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 274. Columnea longifolia, Linn. Mant. 90. Achimanes sesa-

moides, Vahl Symb. II. 71. Diceros longifolius, Pers. Synops. II. 164 ;

Bl. Bijdr. 751 ; Wall. Cat. 3884.

Penang : Pulo Boutong, Curtis ! — Distrib. S.E. Asia generally.

2. Artanema angustifolium, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A herb, 2 to

3 feet high. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 to 4 in.

long, - 25 to '75 in. wide. Flowers in racemes 6 to 9 in. long ; pedicels

•15 in. long, always shorter than the calyx. Calyx of 5 sub-equal sepals,

•2 in. long. Corolla pale blue and white, or pink or white, "3 to ’4 in.

359

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long. Capsule globose, '2 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 408 ; Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 275. Diceros angustifolius , Wall. Cat. 3885.

Penang : J. Scott ! Ridley 9412 ! Perak : Scortechini ! Wray 2246!

2721 ! King's Collector 3045 ! Pahang : Ridley 2165a ! Singapore :

Wallich 3885 / Selangor: Sepang, Ridley 7604! Johore: Serom,

Ridley 11134!

Very nearly related to A. sesamoides, which differs chiefly by its larger blue flowers

and larger capsules.

9. CuRANGA, Juss.

Herbs, creeping or diffuse. Leaves opposite, ovate, crenate. Floivers

in short terminal or pseudo-axillary racemes ; bracts small, leafy ;

bracteoles 0. Calyx deeply 4-partite ; upper and lower lobes very

large, lateral small and narrow. Corolla 2-lipped ; upper lip outmost,

wide-arched, emarginate ; lower longer, spreading, 3-lobed ; tube short.

Stamens 2, only the upper pair perfect, included, inserted on corolla-

tube ; anthers connate with divaricate cells ; lower pair of stamens

replaced by 2 clavate staminodes on corolla-throat. Ovary 2-celled ;

ovules in each cell numerous ; style slender ; stigma 2-lamellate.

Fruit an orbicular septicidal capsule, covered by the accrescent calyx-

lobes, valves separating from the broad placentiferous septum. Seeds

many, rugose. — Distrib. Species 2, S.E. Asiatic.

Curanga amara, Juss. Ann. Mus. IX. 320. An annual glabrous

herb, with slender straggling divaricate branches, 2 to 3 feet long, root-

ing at the lower nodes. Leaves very bitter, ovate, crenate, obtuse or

acute, base truncate rounded or cuneate, entire ; blade 2 to 2-5 in. long,

1-5 to 2 in. wide; petiole very slender, - 5 to -75 in. long. Floivers in

short, few-flowered racemes, 2 to 2’5 in. long ; pedicels '25 to p 3 in., in

fruit -5 in. long. Calyx with the outer sepals broadly ovate-cordate,

membranous, reticulate, in flower -25 in., in fruit -5 in. long. Corolla

brownish-red. Capsule small, compressed, -15 in. across. Benth. in

DC. Prod. X. 408 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 275. Caranga amara,

Vahl Symb. I. 100. G-ratiola amara, Boxb. Flor. Ind. I. 136. Her-

pestis amara, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 30. Symphillium torenioides, Grifi.

in Madr. Journ. Nat. Sc. IV. 1, t. 11. Treisteria assamica, Griff. Notul.

IV. 111. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 170, f. 1.

Perak: Scortechini 499b! Ridley 9742! Pahang: Ridley 1346!

Selangor : Ridley 8214 ! — Distrib. Bast Himalaya, Indo-China,

Malaya, Philippines.

10. Bonnaya, Link & Otto.

Herbs, annual, glabrous. Leaves opposite, serrate or entire. Floivers

solitary axillary, often passing into terminal racemes ; bracteoles 0.

360

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx 5-partite ; segments narrow, faintly imbricate. Corolla 2-lipped ;

upper lip outmost, erect, concave, 2-fid ; lower larger, spreading,

3-lobed ; tube cylindric. Stamens 2 ; upper pair alone perfect, sub-

included; anthers contiguous, the cells divaricate ; lower pair represented

by 2 obtuse, glandular, entire staminodes on corolla-throat. Ovary

2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous ; style slender ; stigma 2-

lamellate. Fruit a narrow, exserted, septicidal capsule; valves

separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, small, rugose.

— Distrib. Species about 10, in tropics of Eastern Hemisphere.

Leaves sharply, closely, deeply serrate : —

Leaves sessile ; flowers white or pink ; stems green .. 1. B. brachiata.

Leaves petioled ; flowers purple ; stems reddish . . . . 2. B. reptans.

Leaves remotely, shallowly serrate, or sub-entire; flowers violet-

purple

Leaves narrow-oblong .. .. .. ..3. B. veronicafolia.

Leaves lanceolate .. .. .. veronicafolia ,

l vae. verbenafolia.

1. Bonnaya brachiata, Link & Otto, Ic. PI. Sel. I. 25, t. 11. An

erect rather rigid herb, 4 to 10 in. high ; branches diffuse divaricate, the

lowest decumbent below. Leaves oblong, obtuse or acute, margins

thickened and sharply closely deeply serrate with teeth mucronate ;

lamina -5 to 1-5 in. long; pedicels rigid about -25 in long ; bracts small.

Calyx of 5 nearly free sepals -25 in. long. Corolla white or pink, -25 in.

long. Capsule slender, spreading or erect, -5 to -6 in. long. Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3855, Scroph. Ind. 32, and DC. Prod. X. 420; Miq. Flor.

Ind. Bat. II. 695 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IY. 284. B. serrata, Griff.

Notul. IV. 108. B. pusilla, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 33 ; Wall. Cat. 3861.

G-ratiola serrata, Eoxb. Flor. Ind. I. 139, and ed. Carey & Wall. I. 140.

Bheede, Hort. Malab. IX. t. 59.

Singapore: Wallich ! Pahang: Ridley! — Distrib. India, Indo-

China, China, Malaya, Philippines.

Wallieh’s Singapore specimen and one of Eidley’s from Pahang belong to the form

distinguished by Bentham as IS. pusilla ; another Pahang gathering (Ridley 21G3)

consists of genuine />’. brachiata, from which, however, IS. pusilla, though separable

as a marked form, is hardly separable as a variety.

Bonnaya reptans, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. A prostrate creeping

slender herb with reddish stem, branches and leaves beneath ; branches

diffuse spreading often 12 in. long. Leaves in distant pairs, obovate-

oblong, obtuse, margins thickened and sharply serrate with mucronate

teeth ; base narrow-cuneate passing into a petiole -25 in. long ; blade

•75 to 1-25 in. long, -5 in. wide. Flowers opposite in terminal racemes

sometimes 3 to 4 in. long ; pedicels rigid, -25 in. long ; bracts small.

361

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx of 5 nearly equal sepals, '3 in. long. Corolla purple, -75 in. long.

Capsule very slender, spreading, 1 in. long. Benth. in DC. Prod. X.

420 ; Wall. Cat. 3856 ; Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 284. B. ruelloides,

Spreng. Syst. I. 41. B. ciliata, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. Gratiola ciliata,

Koenig in Vahl Symb. I. 97. G. ruelloides, Koenig in Vabl Symb. I.

99. G. reptans, Boxb. Plor. Ind. I. 140. Ilcuckelia Boxburghiana,

Dietr. Sp. PI. I. 572.

Penang: Curtis! Perak: Scortechini ! Wray! Province Wel-

lesley : Ridley 6985 ! Pahang : Ridley ! Singapore : Sullett !

Ridley /— Distrib. E. Himalaya, India, Indo-Cbina, Malaya,

Philippines.

3. Bonnaya veronic^folia, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. A flaccid decum-

bent or creeping herb, with ascending branches 4 to 8 in. long. Leaves

sub-sessile or narrowed into a short petiole, oblong or oblong-lanceolate

or obovate, or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, margin distantly serrate or

sub-serrate or sub-entire. Flowers opposite, in terminal leafy ox naked

racemes sometimes up to 6 in. long usually much shorter, pedicels

rather flaccid, -25 in. to -35 in. long ; bracts leafy or small. Calyx

of 5 nearly equal sepals -2 in. long. Corolla violet-purple, -25 to -35 in.

long. Capsule slender, sub-erect or spreading, - 5 to - 6 in. long.

Var. typica. Leaves usually obtuse, sometimes acute, always

distantly serrate, 1 to 2 in. long, -5 in. wide; racemes usually with

leafy bracts; corolla -25 in. long. B. veroniccefolia, Wall. Cat. 3857 ;

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 421 ; Wight Ic. t. 1411 ; Miq. Plor. Ind. Bat.

II. 696 ; Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 285. B. marginata, Spreng. Syst.

I. 41. B. rigida, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3859. B. procumbens, Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3860. B. Rothii, Dietr. Sp. PI. I. 556. B. bracteata, Griff.

Notul. IV. 107. ,, Gratiola veroniccefolia, Ketz Obs. IV. 8 ; Boxb. PI.

Corom. II. 30, t. 154; PL Ind. I. 138; ed. Carey & Wall. I. 139.

G. marginata, Colsm. in Vahl Enum. I. 98. G. racemosa, Both Nov.

Sp. 9.

Penang : Balli Pulo, George Town, &c. Deschamps ! Singapore :

King' s Collector ! Pahang : Ridley ! Malacca : Ilervey ! Selangor .

Ridley ! Johore : Serom, Ridley ! — Distrib. Throughout S.E. Asia.

Var. verbencefolia, Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 285. Leaves

acute or sub-acute, distantly shallowly serrate or sub-entire, 1 to 1 5 in.

long, -2 to -25 in. wide ; racemes usually marked with minute bracts ;

corolla -35 in. long. B. verbencefolia, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 421;

Wall. Cat. 3858 ; Wight, Ic. t. 1412. B. Boxburghiana, Dietr. Sp. PL

I. 559. B. cyanea, Griff. Notul. IV. 107. Gratiola verbencefolia, Colsm.

in Vahl Enum. I. 96. G. ciliata, Colsm. in Vahl Enum. I. 97.

G. racemosa, Boxb. PL Ind. I. 138, and ed. Carey & Wall. I 139. G.

362

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Roxburghiana, Roem. & Schult. Syst. I. 123. Tittmannia Colsmanni,

Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3950. Torenia gracilis, Benth. in “Wall. Cat.

3952.

Malacca : Harvey ! Penang : Curtis ! Perak : Ridley ! Scorte-

chini ! — Distrib. Throughout S.B. Asia.

11. Scopabia, Linn.

Undershrubs or herbs with twiggy branches. Leaves opposite or

whorled, glabrous or pubescent, entire or toothed, punctate. Flowers

small, white or yellow, axillary, solitary or 2-nate ; bracteoles 0. Calyx

small, 4-5-partite ; lobes imbricate. Corolla small, rotate, 4-lobed ;

lobes imbricate, sub-equal, obtuse ; throat densely bearded ; tube very

short, Stamens 4, sub-equal ; filaments filiform ; anthers sub-sagittate,

cells diverging or parallel, discrete. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each

cell numerous ; style sub-clavate ; stigma truncate or emarginate.

Fruit a small, ovoid or globose, septicidal capsule ; valves membranous,

with indexed margins, separating from the placentiferous septum.

Seeds many, small, obovoid, angular, scrobiculate. — Distbib. Species

about 6, all American.

Scopabia dulcis, Linn. Sp. PI. 116. A glabrous much-branched

erect or ascending leafy undershrub with a strong perennial woody

lootstock ; stems 6 in. to 3 ft. high. Leaves opposite or ternate,

lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long, - 5 to 1'5 in. wide,

serrate, acute or obtuse, narrowed to a short petiole. Flowers many

minute in terminal panicles ; pedicles slender, strict, - 25 to '4 in. long.

Sepals 4, oblong. Corolla white, T2 in. in diam., tube very short.

Stamens sub-equal. Capsule globose, T5 in. in diam. Voigt Hort.

Suburb. Calcutt. 507 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 431 ; Gaertn. Fruct. I.

251, t. 53, f. 10; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 699; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

IV. 289.

Penang . Kampai, Batu Gaja, &c., King ! Deschamps ! Curtis !

Selangor: Ridley! Perak: Scortechini ! Singapore: Hullett !

Kuig! Kings Collector! Deschamps! — Distrib. Everywhere in the

tropics ; originally American.

12. Stbiga, Lour.

Heibs, semiparasitie on roots, usually scabrid, discoloured when dry.

Leaves opposite below, alternate above, linear, entire or rarely toothed

sometimes reduced to scales. Flowers axillary, or the upper in

biacteate spikes ; bracteoles usually 2. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-fid, 5- or

10- or 15-ribbed, tubular. Corolla 2-lipped ; upper lip inner in bud,

363

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

usually shortly 2-fid or emarginate, lower 3-lobed; limb spreading; tube

slender abruptly incurved at or above the middle. Stamens 4, didyna-

mous, included ; anthers 1-eelled, vertical, dorsifixed, bases obtuse ;

connective sometimes mucronate. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each

cell numerous ; style thickened upwards ; stigma entire. Fruit an

oblong or globose loculicidal capsule ; valves entire, firm, septiferous,

separating from the placentas. Seeds many, small, ovoid or oblong,

reticulated. — Distrib. Species 20, in the tropics of the Eastern

Hemisphere.

Striga lutea, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 22. A slender, erect,

simple or fastigiately branched herb, 6 to 18 in. high ; leaves and stems

scabrid or villous. Leaves linear, -5 to 1-5 in. long, -12 in. wide.

Flowers in elongated, usually interrupted spikes, 2 to 6 in. long ; bracts

usually exceeding the calyx, linear-lanceolate, scabrid. Calyx 10-

ribbed, -25 in. long, teeth 5, sub-equal. Corolla white or yellow or pink

or purple, '5 in. long, glabrous, incurved; upper lip emarginate reflexed;

lower lip 3-lobed spreading. Capsule oblong, grooved, shorter than the

calyx. Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 363 ; Hook. f. Elor. Brit.

Ind. IY. 299. S. hirsuta, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 502 ; Dalz. & Gibs.

Bomb. Elor. 181. S. coccinea, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 364. S.phcenicea,

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 364. Buchnera asiatica, Linn. Sp. PI. 630

partly ; Boxb. FI. Ind. III. 31 ; Benth. Seroph. Ind. 40. B. coccinea,

Benth. Seroph. Ind. 40 , Wall. Cat. 3870. B. phcenicea, Benth. Seroph.

Ind. 40 ; Wall. Cat. 3874. Campuleia coccinea, Hook. Flor. Exot. t. 203.

Rheede Hort. Malab. IX. t. 66.

Penang : Curtis 1840 ! Pahang : Bidley ! Singapore : Bidley 139 ;

Kurz ! Andamans : Port Blair, King ! Prain ! — Distrib. Throughout

S.E. Asia, Arabia, Madagascar, Africa.

13. Centranthera, R. Br.

Herbs, semiparasitic, annual, rigid, scabrous. Leaves opposite

throughout, or opposite below alternate above, oblong or linear, obtuse,

entire or toothed. Flowers axillary, or in braeteate spikes or racemes ;

bracteoles 2. Calyx compressed, spathaeeous, split on one side,

acuminate entire, or shortly 3-5-lobed on the other. Corolla 5-lobed ;

lobes sub-equal, spreading, the 2 upper inmost in bud ; limb oblique ;

tube long, incurved. Sta?nei is 4, didynamous, included ; anthers con-

tiguous in pairs ; cells transverse, spurred or mucronate at base, one

cell often sterile. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous ;

style simple, dilated above ; stigma acute, linguiform. Fruit an ovoid

or sub-globose loculicidal capsule ; valves entire, carrying away the

364

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

placentas. Seeds many, small, oblong-cuneate ; testa lax, reticulate. —

Disteib. Species 4-5, E. Asiatic and Australian.

Centbanthera humifusa, Wall. Oat. 3883. A dwarf herb, diffusely

branching from the base, hispid or glabrous, branches 3 to 6 in. long.

Leaves linear, entire, ‘5 to -75 in. long. Flowers in terminal spikes,

sub-sessile ; bracts small. Calyx ovoid, sub-acute, -15 in. long. Corolla

yellow, - 3 to '5 in. long, incurved. Capsule sub-globose, -15 in. wide.

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 525; Hook. f. Dior. Brit. Ind. IV. 301.

Bazumovia tranquebarica, Spreng. Syst. II. 812. Torenia lepidota,

Both Nov. Sp. 281.

Malacca : Griffith ! Singapore : Kurz ! — Distrib. China, Indo-

China, India, Malaya.

Order LXXXIV. OBOBANCHACE2E.

[By D. Prain.]

Boot-parasites, annual, white or reddish. Stem simple or branched,

stout or slender, clothed with leaf-scales. Leaves proper 0. Floivers

solitary or in spikes or racemes, irregular. Sepals 4-5, usually connate

in a variously toothed or spathaceous calyx, rarely free. Corolla

hypogynous, 2-lipped ; upper lip vaulted, lower lip 3-lobed ; throat

often with 2 villous folds ; tube curved. Stamens 4, didynamous,

inserted on corolla-tube ; anthers 1-2-celled ; cells spurred at the base,

dehiscence by slits or basal pores ; one cell sometimes imperfect. Disk

unilateral or glandular or obsolete. Ovary of 2 connate carpels, usually

1-celled ; style long, tip curved ; stigma 2-lobed, sub-capitate ; ovules

usually numerous on generally 2 pairs of free or confluent parietal

placentas which sometimes meet in the axis of the ovary. Capsule

1-celled, 2-valved ; seeds usually many, minute, with a pitted or

tubercled, rarely reticulate and lax testa ; albumen fleshy ; embryo

ovoid, entire or 2-fid.

JEginetia, Linn.

Leafless parasitic herbs with simple or branched naked or scaly

stems or scapes. Floivers few, large, solitary or corymbose ; brac-

teoles 0. Calyx spathaceous, split in front almost to the base.

Corolla incurved, campanulate-tubular ; limb obscurely 2-lipped, lobes

somewhat spreading, the two upper lobes (upper-lip) connate. Stamens

included ; anthers with one perfect cell adnate to filament and not

spurred ; the other cell absent in upper anthers, empty clavate and

deflexed in the lower. Ovary 1-celled ; placentas large, 2-lobed or

multifid, filling the chamber, ovuliferous throughout ; style slender ;

365

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stigma large peltate. Capsule partially 2-valved. Seeds many, small,

crowded ; testa pitted. — Distrib. Species 3, S.B. Asiatic.

JEginetia pedunculata, Wall. PL As. Ear. III. 13, t. 219. A

leafless herb, 3 to 6 in. high ; stems red or yellow, parasitic on roots,

buried, emitting several short stout fleshy several-flowered scapes with

alternate peduncled flowers ; peduncles 1 to 4 in. long, stout, bracteate

at base; bracts -25 to -35 in., ovate, obtuse. Calyx 1-5 to 2 in. long,

fleshy, dull-pink at length yellowish-white, with a mucilaginous pad

surrounding base of corolla, tip acute or obtuse. Corolla-tube yellow

or white, the lobes violet or claret-coloured, crenate and erose.

Stamens didynamous, anthers of lower pair with a large dorsal fleshy

decurved horn. Ovary 1-celled, placentas 2, each of 2 plates ; stigma

cordate-peltate. Capsule ovoid. Seeds brown. Eeut. in DC. Prod. XI.

43 ; Wight 111. t. 158b, f. 6 ; Ic. t. 1421 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV.

320. M. abbreviata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3965 ; Benth. Scroph. Ind.

95 ; Eeut. in DC. Prod. XI. 43. MU. acaulis, Walp. Eep. III. 481 ; Eeut.

in DC. Prod. XI. 43. Orobanche pedunculata, Eoxb. Hort. Beng. 45 ;

FI. Ind. iii. 29. 0. acaulis, Eoxb. Cor. PL III. 89, t. 292, and FI.

Ind. III. 29.

Perak : Batang Padang Valley, 2,000 feet ; Wray 1456 ! 1457 ! —

Distrib. India, Indo-China, Java, Sumatra.

One of Wray’s specimens is attached to the rhizome of a Kampferia.

Christisonia, Gardn.

Low fleshy scaly parasitic herbs, with yellow or white or rose-purple

flowers ; stems simple or tufted from a short or long rootstock ; scales

alternate, obtuse or acute. Flowers densely or laxly corymbose ;

bracteoles 2 or 0. Calyx tubular, terete or angular, 2-5-lobed or

-toothed. Corolla-tube long, inflated or funnel-shaped, slightly or

distinctly curved, 5-lobed, obscurely to distinctly 2-lipped, the two

upper lobes (in our species outer in bud) sub-erect, the lower spread-

ing. Stamens 4, included or sub-exserted ; filaments stout; anthers

with one perfect cell and one imperfect, one pair sometimes spurred

or appendaged; rarely with both cells perfect. Disk 0. Ovary 1-celled

with two 2-partite placentas, or 2-celled from the placentas meeting in

the axis ; style long, tip incurved, stigma large, 2-lobed, the upper lobe

very small or obsolete, the lower (sometimes the only one present) very

large orbicular or clavate ; ovules numerous. Capsule ovoid or sub-

globose, loculicidal. Seeds minute, crowded, many perfect with striate

testa, others imperfect with lax testa; embryo half as long as the

albumen. — Distrib. Species 12, tropical Asiatic.

366

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Christisonia Scortechinii, Prain in Journ. As. Soe. Beng.

LXXIII. 2. 205. Stem short hypogaeal, covered with linear scales.

Flowers 3 to 8, crowded in a dense corymb ; some shortly peduncled,

others sessile, each with an oblong cucullate basal bract -75 in. long ;

all parts loaded with sticky mucilage. Calyx spathaceous, rupturing

into usually 2 (sometimes, fide Scortechini, into 2 to 4) lobes, in the

fully opened flower with tube 1 in., lobes '25 in. long. Corolla-tube

white, with a yellow line inside in front, 2 in. long, infundibuliform

and curved above, the lower part narrow-cylindrie 1 in. long; limb

2-labiate, upper lip outmost in bud, erect, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed,

spreading. Stamens didynamous ; anthers all conniving ; filaments

glabrous, inserted below middle of corolla-tube, 1-eelled, adnate to the

enlarged filament, upper pair without, lower with an empty oblong

pointed cell. Dish 0. Ovary glabrous, 1 -celled, placentas 2, 2-fid,

uniformly covered with ovules ; style glabrous downwards ; stigma

peltate, flat, -2 in. in diam.

Peeak : Scortechini, 2121 !

Order LXXXV. LENTIBULARIACEiE.

[By D. Prain.]

Marsh or aquatic herbs, or occasionally growing on wet rocks.

Leaves radical, rosulate or when submerged capillary-multifid, some-

times obsolete. Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite, on 1-many-flowered

simple or branched scapes ; bracts small, sometimes 0 ; bracteoles

under calyx 2 or 0. Calyx inferior, 2-5-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped and

spurred ; upper lip usually the smaller, entire or emarginate ; lower lip

3-6-lobed. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of the corolla, alternate with

the lobes of the lower lip ; filaments widely curving, anther-cells ovate,

transversely confluent ; dehiscence longitudinal. Carpels 2, connate in

a superior, globose, 1-celled ovary ; ovules very many, on a free basal

placenta ; style short ; stigma unequally 2-lobed. Fruit a globose

2-4-valved, or irregularly rupturing capsule. Seeds very many, minute ;

albumen 0. — Distrib. Species nearly 200, in all parts of the world.

Utricularia, Linn.

Herbs, often very small, submerged or floating, or growing on wet

rocks. Leaves in submerged or floating species multifid, with capillary

segments, in erect or twining species entire, often disappearing at time

of flowering, frequently with minute bladders. Flowers on simple or

branched scapes, racemes few- or many-flowered ; bracts and 2 bracteoles

367

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

distinct. Calyx 2-parbite ; lobes entire or nearly so, often accrescent.

Corolla 2-lipped ; upper lip entire or emarginate ; lower larger

3-6-lobed ; tube with a straight or curved spur. Stamens 2, adnate to

base of corolla, alternate with lobes of lower lip ; filaments broad ;

anthers ovate, 2-celled, or by confluence almost 1-celled. Carpels

connate in a globose 1-celled ovary ; ovules many, on a central

placenta ; style short ; stigma unequally 2-lobed. Capsule globose,

regularly 2-1-valved, or opening irregularly. Seeds many, small;

albumen 0. — Distkib. Species 150, in most countries.

Leaves many, submerged, scattered, divided into numerous capil-

lary segments mostly interspersed with bladders ; calyx-lobes

equal or nearly so ; pedicels not winged : —

Flowers yellow to pale-yellow or nearly white : —

Peduncles very slender ; flowers usually two, never more

than three, always under -25 in. across ; pedicels in fruit

erect : sometimes the capillary leaves absent . . 1. 17. exoleta.

Peduncles stout ; flowers usually more than three, and

always from -35 to -5 in. across ; pedicels reflexed in fruit

and thickened under the calyx .. .. ..2. TJ.flexuosa.

Flowers blue or red or pink ; pedicels erect in fruit . . 3. 17. punctata.

Leaves few, rosulate at base of stem : —

Leaves linear or linear-spathulate, usually absent at time of

flowering ; calyx-lobes equal or nearly so ; seeds not glochi-

U. affinis

vae. Griffithii.

diate : —

Scales of the scape and bracts attached by their bases : —

Stems erect : —

Flowers yellow ; pedicels in fruit distinctly winged .. 4. U. bifida.

Flowers pink, purple, or violet, rarely white with lilac

markings : —

Pedicels in fruit slightly winged ; sometimes a few

leaves still present at time of flowering ; stems 8 to

12 in. high, stoutish

Pedicels in fruit capillary, short, wingless; leaves 0

at time of flowering ; stems 2 to 3 in. high, very

slender . . . . . . .. 6. U. minutissima.

Stems twining ; flowers yellow : —

Stems slender, leaves absent at time of flowering ; lower

lip less than - 25 in. wide . . . . . . 7.

Stems stouter ; leaves forming matted masses ; lower

lip over -3 in. wide . . . . . . . . 8.

Scales of the scape and bracts produced downward below

point of attachment : — -

Flowers on distinct pedicels as long as the fruiting calyx

or longer ; capsule longer than fruiting calyx-lobes ; flowers

pink ( Ridley ) .. .. .. . . 9. U. verticillata.

Flowers almost or quite sessile ; capsule hidden by the

fruiting calyx-lobes : —

Flowers few, scattered on the very slender scapes ; ) 10. Z7. racemosa

corolla white . . . . ... • ■ f vae. filicaulis.

IJ. Wallichiana.

V. involvens.

368

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers many or few, congested at the ends of the

stouter rigid scapes and branches ; corolla rarely pure

white . . . . . . . . .. 11. U. ophirensis.

Leaves orbicular or spathulate-orbicular, persistent ; calyx-lobes

very unequal, the upper the larger ; seeds glochidiate ; stems

very slender, lip pale-violet or white with a yellow centre . . 12. U. orbiculata.

1. Utricularia exoleta, R. Br. Prod. 430. A water-weed, some-

times floating with very slender stems and submerged divided capillary

leaves, the segments interspersed with Bladders ; sometimes growing

in mud with capillary leaves absent and with tufted setaceous leaves.

Scapes slender, naked, or with one or two scale-like bracts, 2 to 4 in.

long, usually 2-flowered, occasionally 3-flowered, sometimes 1 -flowered,

then often with an abortive axis or flower-bud opposite the bract ;

pedicels slender, erect, the lowest ultimately -4 in. long ; bracts very

small, obtuse, basifixed; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed; lobes slightly

unequal, ovate-obtuse or sub-orbicular, in fruit adpressed to the capsule,

•1 in. long. Corolla yellow, -2 in. across ; spur cylindric-conical, twice

as long as lower calyx-lobe and slightly exceeding lower lip of corolla,

which has an entire margin and embraces the base of the spur. Capsule

almost globose, '15 in. in diam. Seeds sub-trapezoid-discoid, margin

thin, spreading, minutely crenulate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 7 ; Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329 ; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. U. diantha,

Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. I. 169; Wight Ic. t. 1569; Oliv. Journ.

Linn. Soc. III. 175. U. diflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 4. U. biflora, Roxb.

El. Ind. I. 143, nec alior. U. Boxburghii, Spreng. Syst. I. 52. U.

elcgans, Wall. Cat. 1502. U.pterospenna, Edgew. Proe. Linn. Soc. I. 352.

Perak : Sunga Ryah, King's Collector 891 ! 4383 ! Ridley l Singa-

pore : Ridley. Prov. Wellesley : Ridley ! Johore : Parit Lombong,

Ridley ! Pahang: Kwala Pahang, Ridley ! Nicobars: Kamorta, Kurz !

— Distrib. S.E. Asia, N. Australia.

2. Utricularia flexuosa, Vahl Enum. I. 198. A floating water-

weed with submerged divided capillary leaves, the segments interspersed

with bladders ; occasionally with narrow, oblong, floating vesicles

1 to 3 in. long, beset with capillary leaves, scattered or sometimes

whorled near or occasionally above the base of the scapes. Scajies

3 to 10 in. long, 3-12-flowered ; pedicels stout, reflexed, and slightly

thickened under the calyx in fruit, ultimately -3 to -5 in. long ; bracts

ovate-acute, basifixed; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal,

ovate-sub-acute, in fruit patent, -25 in. long. Corolla yellow, rarely

white, -3 to -5 in. across ; spur somewhat longer than lower calyx-

lobe, and about as long as lower lip of corolla, stoutish, bluntish,

straight or somewhat curved. Capsule compressed, sub-globose, -25 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

369

long. Seeds thickly discoid, margin thin, incurved towards the concave

face, usually 5-6-angled. Bl. Bijdr. 739 ; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 24 ;

Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 175 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329 ;

Eidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. U. australis, B. Br. Prod. 430 ;

A. DC. Prod. VIII. 6. U. fasciculata, Eoxb. PI. Ind. I. 143 ; Wall.

Cat. 1499; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 7; Wight Ic. t. 1568; Miq. Flor. Ind.

Bat. Suppl. 246. U. confer vifolia, Don Prod. 84 ; A. DC. Prod.

VIII. 8. U. incequalis, Benj. Linnasa XX. 304. U. Blumei, Miq. FI.

Ind. Bat. II. 994. TJ. extensa, Hance in Walp. Ann. III. 3.

Malacca : Ridley ! Pahang : Kwala Pahang, Ridley ! Perak :

Scortechini ! Durian S. Batang, King's Collector 1036 ! Singapore :

Ridley 5642, 9844 1 Kedah : Langkawi, Curtis ! — Distrib. S.B. Asia,

N. Australia.

Forma gracilis, Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 175 (= U. incequalis,

Benj.) more slender in all its parts and with smaller paler yellow

flowers.

Singapore: King’s Collector 1165! Hullett 36! 385! Malacca:

Cuming! Gooclenough 1407 ! Ridley! Prov. Wellesley: Ridley!

The very similar and nearly allied U. stellaris, distinguished most easily by the

presence of a cluster of oblong vesicles about the middle of the peduncle, has not been

reported so far from the Malayan Peninsula.

King’s Collector’s field-note on the slender form, which the writer agrees with Oliver

in considering no more than a form of 17. flemiosa, is as follows : “ Herbaceous plant,

in clear pools of fresh water ; colour bright green. Flowers pale yellow. I sent a

similar one from Durian S. Batang, but I don’t think the same.” His field-note on

genuine U. flexuom is as follows : “ Growing in muddy pools of water ; colour a dark

reddish-brown, tinged with green ; flower bright yellow.”

In his interesting paper on the XJtricularias of the Malay Peninsula (Journ. Bot.

for 1895, pp. 10, 11) Mr. Ridley gives as localities for U. flexuom Pahang and Kedah,

Langkawi, but does not differentiate the two forms. The leaves, he remarks, are used

in medicine by the Malays, who call it Lumut Ekor Kuching (Cat’s Tail Moss) or Lumut

Ekor Kuning (Yeflow Tail Moss) .

3. Utricularia punctata, Wall. Cat. 2121. A floating water-

weed, with submerged divided capillary leaves, the segments interspersed

with bladders, often with narrow, oblong, floating vesicles 1 to 3 in.

long, beset with capillary leaves, near the base of the scapes. Scapes

4 to 12 in., usually many-flowered; pedicels slender, ascending or

sub-erect in fruit, ultimately -5 to -6 in. long ; bracts ovate, more or less

acute, slightly produced beyond base ; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed,

lobes sub-equal, ovate-rotund, obtuse, -1 in. long. Corolla blue, reddish-

purple or pink, -25 in. across, spur somewhat longer than lower calyx-

lobe, shorter than lower lip of corolla, thick, sub-cylindric, obtuse.

Capsule thin, ovate-oblong, obtuse, '2 in. long. Seeds discoid, peltate,

370

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

margin winged throughout, wing deeply, sharply toothed. A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 5; Wight Io. t. 1570; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 175 ;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10.

Pahang : Chenei Lake, Fox ! — Disteib. Borneo, Tenasserim.

4. Uteicularia bifida, Linn. Sp. PI. 26. A slender erect weed

of wet places ; leaves radical, linear-spathulate, disappearing before

flowering, -3 to '5 in. long; roots fibrous, sometimes with a few bladders.

Scapes 2 to 10 in. long, 2-many-flowered, beset with a few basifixed

ovate-acute scales or empty bracts ; pedicels short, in flower -12 in., in

fruit -2 in. long, recurved and distinctly winged from the decurrent

calyx, with ovate-acute basal bracts. Calyx 2-lobed; lobes sub-equal,

ovate-obtuse, -25 in. long. Corolla yellow, -25 in. wide; spur longer

than the lower calyx-lobe and as long as the lower lip of the corolla,

slightly falcate. .Capsule ovate, -2 in. long, hidden by the calyx. Seeds

obovoid, testa lax, scrobiculate, obliquely striate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 21 ;

Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 182 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 332 ;

Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. U. biflora, Wall. Cat. 1498 (not of

Roxb.). U. diantha, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 21 ( not of Boem. & Sckult.).

U. Wallichiana, Ben-j. Bot. Zeit. 1845 214 (not of Wight). U. brevicaulis,

Benj. Linneea XX. 303.

Penang: Curtis! Selangor: Ridley! Perak : Larut, Scortechini !

Selama, growing among grass in swampy places, Wray 4263 ! Ridley !

Prov. Wellesley: in wet and swampy places, King’s Collector 1616 !

Singapore : in wet, sandy hollows, Kurz 2973 ! Ridley! Malacca :

Griffith ! Hervey ! Ridley ! Pahang : Kwala Pahang, Ridley 1481 !

Kedah: Curtis.— Distrib . Throughout B. and S.B. Asia.

Mr. Ridley has seen specimens of this species from the Dindings and from Penang,

also from Kedah, Langkawi. He finds two rather distinct forms, a small-flowered,

plain yellow one and a form with larger flowers over -25 in. long with a darker orange

centre ; this latter Ridley found in Pahang growing with the common form.

5. Utricularia affinis, Wight ; var. Griffithii, Oliv. Journ. Linn.

Soc. III. 179. A slender erect weed of wet places. Leaves radical,

lineal or linear-spathulate, obtuse, very often persisting during

flowering, o to - 7 in. long ; roots fibrous, sometimes with a few

bladders. Scapes 5 to 12 in. long, usually many-flowered ; beset with

a few basified ovate-acute scales or empty bracts ; pedicels short, T in.

long in flower, in fruit T5 in. long and slightly winged by the decurrent

calyx, erect or ascending, never recurved and rarely patent, with ovate-

acute basal bracts. Calyx 2-lobed ; lobes sub-equal, ovate or sub-

orbicular, acute or sub-cuspidate, -25 in. long. Corolla blue with

whitish lines, -25 in. wide ; spur slightly longer than the lower calyx-

371

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobe and the lower lip of the corolla. Capsule ovate, -2 in. long, hidden

by the calyx. Seeds obovoid, reticulate, cells of the testa sub-hexa-

gonal. U. Griffithii, Wight Ic. t. 1576; Eidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10.

U. ccerulea, Benth. FI. Hongk. 256 ( not of Linn.).

Malacca : Griffith ! Ridley ! Perak : Scortechini ! Singapore :

Hullett ! Ridley ! — Distrib. China, Burma, Tenasserim, Borneo.

There are only shrivelled leaves on Ridley’s and Wight’s specimens, which are

mostly in fruit ; Scortechini’s specimens, which are in flower, have numerous radical

grassy linear-spathulate obtuse leaves, -5 in. long or rather longer. Mr. Ridley, in

all probability rightly, considers that this is entitled to specific rank apart from

U. affmis.

6. Utricularia minutissima, Vahl Bnum. I. 204. A very small

erect weed of wet places ; leaves 0 at time of flowering and not seen ;

roots fibrous, bladders not seen. Scapes capillary, rigid, branched, 2 to

3 in. long, quite glabrous, or with a few rigid scattered black hairs ;

racemes 2-5-flowered, beset with a few basifixed ovate-acute empty

bracts or scales; pedicels very short, in fruit only -05 in. long,,

occasionally like the upper calyx-lobe with a few straight black hairs,

sub-patent, with small lanceolate basifixed bracts and bracteoles, less

than half as long as their pedicels. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal

wide-oblong, obtuse, in fruit -1 in. long. Corolla mauve, - 15 in. wide;

spur wide-conic-cylindric, thrice as long as lower calyx-lobe and twice

as long as lower lip of corolla. Capsule oblong, '07 in. long, covered

by the calyx. Seeds minute, ovoid, obscurely scrobiculate. A. DO.

Prod. VIII. 16 ; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 190 ; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 334 ; Bidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 11.

Perak : Larut, Scortechini 1501 ! Pahang : Kwala Pahang, Ridley

1474c in part ! Malacca : Koenig ; on Mount Ophir, Ridley,

This small plant, collected by Scortechini with no note of colour, and stated by

Ridley to have mauve flowers, is here identified with U. minutissima , Vahl, from

description only. The branched capillary stems render it very like and very liable

to be mistaken for small specimens of U. verticillata, which has, however, longer

pedicels and bracts produced below their point of insertion. The presence of hairs

on the stems, pedicels, and sometimes the calyx, at once suggests a reference to

U. liirta , which is undoubtedly its nearest affinity. The scape, however, appears

never to branch in U. liirta ; the flowers in that species are larger and fewer ; the

pubescence, too, when present in U. minutissima, which is not always the case, is very

different, consisting of rigid patent black bristly hairs, whereas in U. hirta the hairs

are soft and grey or tawny. The seeds of the two species are very similar, but those of

U. minutissima are smaller and yet have fewer- and larger-meshed sub-hexagonal

reticulations.

7. Utricularia Wallichiana, Wight Ic. t. 1572, fig. 1. A very

slender herb growing in wettish fields and damp 'grassy places ; stems

372

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

twining, thin, 6 to 8 in. long. Leaves linear-spathulate, absent at time

of flowering ; bladders not seen. Flowers small, racemose or sub-

spicate at ends of stems ; pedicels sometimes absent, sometimes up

to -25 in. long ; bracts lanceolate, acute, basifixed. Calyx-lobes ovate,

acute, -15 in. long, in fruit -2 in. long. Corolla yellow; upper lip

obovate, lower rounded, -2 in. wide ; spur straight or slightly incurved,

■2 in. long. Capsule sub-globose, enclosed within calyx-lobes, upraised

on the sub-erect fruiting pedicels. Seeds ellipsoid, scrobiculate but not

glochidiate or papillose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 182 ; Clarke

in Hook. f. Elor. Brit. Ind. IV. 332; Bidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 11.

U. scandens, Benj. in Linnaia XX. 309 chiefly. U. macrolepis, Wight

Ic. t. 1580, fig. 2. fide Clarke. U. capillacea, Tbw. Enum. 171 (not of

Oliv.).

Malacca : Mount Ophir, at 4,000 feet elevation, growing among

grasses, Ridley ! — Distrib. Throughout India.

8. Utricularia involvens, Bidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 11. A

tufted herb forming mats of leaves on rocks in streams ; stems twining,

fairly stout, 12 in. long. Leaves thinly membranous, spathulate-linear,

obtuse, 1 in. long or longer, T in. across. Flowers large, racemed at

ends of stems; pedicels '5 to - 75 in. long; bracts lanceolate, acute,

basifixed, -1 in. long. Calyx-lobes oblong-ovate, -25 in. long. Corolla

lemon-yellow ; upper lip obovate, lower rounded, 2-lobed, -35 in. wide ;

spur straight, pendulous, acute or acuminate, -25 in. long. Capsule

unknown.

Kedah : Kedah Peak (Gunong Jerai), at 3,000 feet elevation, in

streams and wet places, Ridley !

A very fine and remarkably distinct species.

9. Utricularia verticillata, Benj. Linnsea XX. 312. A slender

erect weed of wet places. Leaves 0 at time of flowering and not seen ;

roots fibrous, bladders not seen. Scapes slender, sometimes capillary,

rigid, branched, 3 to 10 in. long, glabrous ; beset with a few ovate

scales oi empty bracts, acute at both ends and produced downwards

beyond point of insertion ; pedicels capillary, puberulous, '2 in. long in

flower, in fruit "25 in. long ; bracts and bracteoles produced below point

of insertion. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal, sub-orbicular, in fruit '1 in.

long. Corolla (? yellow) ‘15 in. wide ; spur wide-cylindric, slightly

exceeding lower lip of corolla. Capsule globose, To in. in diam.,

projecting beyond the closely adpressed calyx-lobes. Seeds minute,

with sub-hexagonal reticulations. Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 184 ;

Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IV. 333; Bidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10.

U. bifida, Wight Ic. t. 1584, f. 2 ( not of Linn.).

373

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Kedah: Langkawi, Curtis ! Malacca: Griffith! Pahang: Kwala

Pahang, Bidley 1481 in part !

Oliver has suggested that the colour of the corolla in this species is yellow, and the

fact that Bidley has mixed it (under his n. 1481) with U. bifida might be taken as cor-

roborating Oliver’s opinion. Bidley, in his paper on the Malay Peninsula TJtricularias,

says, however, that the flowers are pink.

10. Utricularia racemosa, Wall. ; var. filicaulis, Clarke in Plor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 333. A slender herb of damp places. Leaves linear

or spathulate, absent at time of flowering ; roots fibrous, bladders not

seen. Scapes erect, very slender, 2 to 4 in. high, rarely higher, rather

rigid, occasionally with a few branches, glabrous ; beset with a few

ovate scales or empty bracts acute at both ends and produced below

point of attachment. Flowers few scattered sessile ; bracts and

bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, attached above the base. Calyx 2-lobed,

lobes sub-equal, the upper slightly the longer, obtuse, '1 in. long in

flower, in fruit -12 in. long. Corolla white, from -15 to - 2 in. across ;

spur straight, conical [or sub-cylindric, longer than lower lip of corolla.

Capsule globose, -1 in. long, hidden by the adpressed calyx-lobes. Seeds

minute, obscurely scrobiculate. U . filicaulis, Wall. Cat. 1501; A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 21 ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 186. U. nivea, Vahl

Enum. I. 203 ; Wall, in Eoxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 144 ; Wight

Ic. t. 1582. U. setacea, Wall. Cat. 6398 partly. U. campestris, Miq. in

PI. Hohenack. n. 596. U. racemosa, Itidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10

{hardly of Wall.).

Malacca : Ayer Keroh, Bidley 10706 ! Pahang : Kwala Pahang,

Bidley 1474a ! Singapore : Changi, Bidley. Penang : Waterfall,

Curtis, fide Bidley. — Distrib. Indo-China, India.

This plant probably quite deserves to be considered a species distinct from

U. racemosa , though except in its usually smaller size and its white instead of blue

flowers, there is little to distinguish the two.

11. Utricularia ophirensis, Eidl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. A

herb. Leaves linear-spathulate or spathulate, absent at time of flowering ;

roots fibrous ; bladders not seen. Scapes erect 8 to 16 in. high, slender,

rigid, often branching, glabrous ; beset with a few ovate scales or

empty bracts acute at both ends and produced below point of attach-

ment. Flowers sessile, clustered at the ends of the stems and branches

in globose or oblong heads '3 to - 5 in. long, - 25 in. across; bracts and

bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, attached above the base. Calyx 2-lobed,

lobes sub-equal, the upper slightly the larger, obtuse, '1 in. long in

flower, in fruit -12 in. long. Corolla -25 in. across, variable in colour,

the lower lip rose-coloured {Bidley), both lips- blueish with a yellow

374

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hairy gland in the centre of the lower lip inside ( Scortechini ), or white

( Curtis , Kunstler), or white with a yellow tinge ( Kunstler ) ; spur straight

with an incurved tip (Ridley), or curved ascending (Scortechini), -2 in.

long. Capsule globose or depressed-globose, hidden by the adpressed

calyx-lobes, - 1 in. long. Seeds oblong or obovate, brown, the broad

end glochidiate.

Perak : Larut, King’s Collector 1931 ! 3820 ! Thaipeng, Wray 131 !

Scortechini 376! Penang: Waterfall, Curtis! Malacca: Padang

Batu, Ridley 10091 !

This species, which is here sustained on the authority of Mr. Kidley, who knows

well the Malayan Utricularias in the field, does not differ very greatly from 77. racemosa,

Wall. , not so much indeed as does the variety Jilicaulis previously described. It

matters little whether the three forms are considered specifically distinct or are

treated as manifestations of one protean species. A drawing by Mr. Ridley shows

pink flowers.

12. Utricueaeia orbxcueata, Wall. Cat. 1500. A slender herb

growing on wet banks, rocks, or tree-trunks. Leaves all radical or on

small offsets, persistent, orbicular or orbicular-spathulate, -15 in. across;

petioles distinct - 15 to - 25 in. long ; roots fibrous, sometimes with

bladders. Scapes erect, sub-capillary, 2 to 5 in. long; usually

2-4-flowered, sometimes 6-10-flowered ; naked or with one or two

empty scales, slightly produced at the base; flowers on capillary

pedicels -15 to -25 in. long, rather distant ; bracts and bracteoles

minute, ovate-acute. Calyx 2-lobed, the lower lobe very much smaller

than the upper, both obtuse, the upper often emarginate, ’12 in. long

in fruit and about as broad as long. Corolla pale violet or white with

a yellow centre, -2 to -25 in. wide, with an explanate 5-lobed lower

lip and a linear sub-acute spur -2 in. long about as long as the

lower lip. Capsule globose, -1 in. across, covered by the upper

calyx-lobe but projecting beyond the lower. Seeds minute, obo-

void, glochidiate throughout the upper thicker half. A. DC. Prod.

VIII. 18 ; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 187 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb"

Flon 136; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 334; Ridl. Journ. Bot.

11- U. pusilla, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 165. U. qlochidiata

Wight Ic. t. 1581.

Kedah . Telayah Tujon, Curtis ! Perak : Larut, Scortechini

376 ! on Gunong Bubu, growing on steep side of hill in the sun,

amongst moss, at 5,000 feet, flower pale violet ; Wray 3880 ! on

Gunong Mas, at 5,000 feet, flower white with yellow centre ;

Wray 4146 ! Malacca: Mount Ophir, Griffith; Ridley !— Distrib’

Throughout S.E. Asia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

375

Order LXXXVII. BIGNONIACEiE.

Trees or climbing shrubs, more rarely herbs. Leaves opposite,

rarely whorled or alternate, entire or 1- 2- 3-pinnate or digitate ;

leaflets entire or sometimes toothed. Inflorescence of terminal racemes

or panicles ; bracts various ; flowers showy, usually large, hermaphro-

dite, irregular or regular. Calyx gamosepalous, campanulate, truncate

or spathaceous or 2-5-lobed, valvate. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular-

ventricose, mouth 2-lipped ; lobes 5, sub-equal, patent or erecto-patent,

bilabiately imbricate in bud. Stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes,

inserted on the tube, 5 or more usually 4 from the fifth being absent

or rudimentary ; filaments filiform, often slightly thickened and some-

times hairy at the base; anthers 2 -celled, included or shortly exsert ;

cells oblong or Unear, parallel or divergent, dehiscing longitudinally.

Disk hypogynous, cushion-like or annular, sometimes absent. Ovary

sessile or shortly stalked, superior, 1-2-celled ; style long, filiform ;

stigma of 2 flattened ovate or oblong lobes ; ovules numerous, usually

horizontal, anatropous, inserted in 2 to many rows in vertical lines along

the edges of the septum in each cell. Fruit generally an elongate

capsule, loculicidally or septicidally bivalved ; the septum enlarged in

fruit, deciduous together with the placentas. Seeds transverse, affixed

by their margins to the septum or to enlarged placentas, vertically

compressed, discoid or trigonous, often with a broad wing, embryo

usually enveloped in a fine interior membrane ; exalbuminous, coty-

ledons flattened, sometimes folded, radicle stout, lateral. — Distbib.

Tropical regions of the world, a few in warm temperate regions ;

absent from Europe, the Mediterranean region and New Zealand.

Species about 50.

Stamens 5 ; a tree with opposite 2-3-pinnate leaves and very

large flat capsules

Stamens 4 ; trees : —

Anther-cells 2, both perfect : —

Leaves 1-3-pinnate : —

Calyx spathaceous, split on one side

Calyx lobed or truncate : —

Septum of the capsule cylindric, spongy : —

Septum prominently pitted ; seeds trigonous, trans-

versely grooved without, inner lobe fitting into the

septum-pit ; ovules 2-seriate in each cell

Septum only faintly pitted ; seeds flat ; ovules many-

seriate in each cell

Septum flat, capsule winged; a large tree with large

flowers . .

1. Oroxylum.

2. Dolichandrone.

3. Stereospermum.

4. Badermachera.

5. Pajanelia.

376

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves simple, often vertieillate ; calyx usually more or less

bilabiate . . . . . . . . . . 6. Diplantheka.

Anther-cells 1 perfect, 1 reduced to a small hook ; a tall tree

with 2-3-pinnate leaves and very long narrowly-linear corolla-

tube,. .. .. .. .. ..7. Millingtonia.

1. Oroxylum, Vent.

A glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, large, 2-3-pinnate ; leaflets entire.

Flowers large, in a long, stout, terminal raceme. Calyx large, leathery,

campanulate, truncate or obscurely toothed, persistent. Corolla large,

fleshy ; tube campanulate-ventrieose ; lobes 5, 2 in upper, 3 in lower

lip, recurved, toothed, crumpled. Stamens 5 inserted near base of tube,

posterior one the shortest. Anthers 2-celled ; cells parallel, oblong.

Dish large, cushion-like. Ovary sub-sessile, contracted at the base,

compressed ; style slender ; stigma 2-lobed ; ovules in 4 vertical rows

on each placenta, very many. Capsule very large, broadly linear,

compressed parallel to the septum, septifragally 2-valved. Seeds very

many, flattened, surrounded by a broad hyaline wing. — Distrib. A

single S.E. Asiatic species.

Oroxylum indicum, Vent. Dec. Gen. Nov. 8 (1808). A small tree,

reaching 30 to 40 feet in height, with a clean bole and few branches or

often none, the head bearing leaves only ; branches thick ; bark some-

what fleshy; pith large. Leaves extremely large, 1-3-pinnate, the

lower 3-, middle ones 2-, upper 1-pinnate ; 3 to 5 feet long, triangular in

outline ; rachis smooth, striate, stout, swollen at the base (pulvinus) and

joints ; primary pinnae about 45 pairs, the lower ones 2-pinnate at base,

pinnules 3- to 5-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, entire, acuminate at apex, side

ones rounded and often unequal at base, terminal one cuneate at base ;

3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2'5 in. broad ; main-nerves 4 to 5 pairs ; petiolules

slender, -2 to - 3 in. long. Raceme branch-like, 2 to 3 feet long, very thick,

lower part prominently marked with the ovate scars of fallen pedicels ;

pedicels -5 in. long, stout ; bracteoles fused with pedicels. Calyx cam-

panulate, 1 in. long, fleshy, truncate, with 5 short teeth. Corolla fleshy,

2-5 in. long, yellowish ; lobes much crumpled, red, villous on both sides.

Stamens 5, shortly exsert ; base of filaments woolly; anthers divergent

below ; connective shortly mucronate. Dish fleshy, cupular, somewhat

lobed. Ovary oblong ; style slender, hollow, as long as the stamens ;

stigma 2-lobed, lobes rounded. Capsule shortly stalked, concave-flat,

elongate oblong, 1-5 to 2 - 5 feet long, 2 - 5 to 3 - 5 in. broad, scarcely

•3 in. thick, margins somewhat incurved, back keeled, valves woody,

septum flat. Seeds very many, flat, surrounded by a very thin, hyaline,

shining wing, somewhat rectangular in shape, 3 in. long, 1-5 in.

broad ; testa membranous ; cotyledons emarginate, oblong. Kurz For.

377

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

FI. II. 237 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 378 ; Trimen FI. Ceyl.

III. 281 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 66 ; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 327 ; Prain

Beng. Plants II. 787. Bignonia indica, Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 625 ;

Lamk Diet. I. 423 ; Boxb. FI. Ind. III. 110 ; Wall. Cat. 6514.

B. pentandra, Lour. FI. Cochinch. 379. Spathodea indica, Pers. Syn.

II. 173. Calosantlies indica, Blume Bijdr. 760; DC. Prod. IX. 177;

Wight Ic. t. 1337 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 161 ; Bureau Monog. Bign.

(1864) t. 9 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 752 ; Brandis For. FI. 347. “ Palega

pajaneli,” Rheede Hort. Mai. I. t. 43.

Penang : Curtis 983. Perak : Scortechini 1613 ; King’s Collector

7033. Pahang : common on the banks of the river from Pekan up,

flowers dull brownish-purple (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. III.

326). Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1213. — Distrib. India, Ceylon,

Burma, Sumatra ( Forbes 1284), Java, and east to Cochin China.

2. Dolichandrone, Fenzl.

Trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate, leaflets entire or toothed. Flowers

in terminal racemes or panicles, few, large. Calyx spathaceous, cleft

to the base down the front, caducous. Corolla-tube long or short,

inflated above ; lobes 5, nearly equal, crisped on the margin. Stamens

4, didynamous, included ; anthers glabrous, the cells oblong, at first

parallel, afterwards divergent. Disk annular, cushion-like. Ovary

sessile ; ovules numerous, usually many-seriate. Capsule elongate,

terete or somewhat compressed, straight or incurved, loculicidally

2-valved, the septum often thickened and making 4 spurious cells.

Seeds 1 to oo-seriate on the margins of the septum, much compressed,

the wing thickened or hyaline. — Distrib. Tropical Africa, Asia, and

Australia, about 15 species.

Dolichandrone Rheedii, Seem. Journ. Bot. VIII. 380 (1870). A

deciduous tree reaching 40 to 50 feet in height of stem ; branchlets stout,

marked with prominent leaf-scars, innovations glabrous. Leaves

imparipinnate, 9 to 12 in. long, leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, with an end

one, rachis slender ; side leaflets rhomboid, unequal at base, acuminate

at apex, margin entire or with few distant serratures, glabrous on

both surfaces, 3 to 4 in. long, 1-5 to 2-5 in. broad, main-nerves 6 to 7

pairs, petiolule slender, articulate at base, - 3 to - 5 in. long ; end leaflet

similar, but equal at base ; all nearly black when dry. Flowers few,

usually 1 to 4 in a short terminal corymbose raceme ; pedicels glabrous,

1 to 1-5 in. long. Calyx-tube closed in bud and beaked, spathaceous

in flower, 1-5 in. long. Corolla white, tubular-funnel-shaped, 4 to

7 in. long ; tube slender at first, then gradually expanding ; lobes 1 in.

378

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, crenately crisped, recurved. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments

curved inwards ; anther-cells large, oblong, divaricate. Ovary conical,

style slender, stigma of 2 rounded lobes. Capsule 1 to 2 feet long,

about 1 in. broad, flattened-eylindrical, faintly ribbed, septum thickened

in the middle on both sides. Seeds very many, overlapping in many

rows, rectangular (with the wings), -5 to -7 in, long, -3 in. broad, wings

corky; testa membranous ; cotyledons flat, deeply emarginate, the lobes

nearly orbicular ; radicle short. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III.

379; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 282; Koord. & Yal. Bijdr. I. 69. D.

longissima, K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 2b. 240, fig. 92

B-D. Bignonia spathacea, Linn. f. Suppl. 283. B. longissima, Lour.

FI. Cochincb. 380 ? Spathodea longiflora, Vent. Choix. n. 40. S.

Rheedii, Wall. Cat 6516 ; DC. Prod. ' IX. 206 ; Wight Ic. t. 1339 ;

Bedd. FI. Sylv. CLXVIII. ; Kurz For. FI. II. 234 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II-

754. S. ? Loureiriana, DC. l.c. 209? S. Diepenhorstii, Miq. l.c. “ Nir

Pongelion,” Bheede Hort. Mai. VI. t. 29.

Penang: Curtis 1184. Pebak : Scortechini 1098; Wray 2501.

Pahang : in mangrove swamps ( Ridley l.c.). Malacca : Griffith (K.D.)

4066; Maingay (K.D.) 1210. — Distrib. Malabar coast of India,

Ceylon, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malay Archipelago east to New

Guinea.

3. Stereospermum, Cham.

Trees. Leaves opposite, 1-2-pinnate ; leaflets petiolulate, entire or

sometimes toothed. Flowers in large lax terminal panicles, white

pink or yellow. Calyx ovoid, open or closed in bud, truncate or

shortly unequally lobed in flower. Corolla campanulate or funnel-

shaped ; mouth bilabiate, upper lip 2-, lower 3-cleft ; lobes nearly

equal, rounded, crisped, toothed or laciniate. Stamens 4, didynamous,

included fifth rudimentary ; anthers glabrous, cells linear divergent.

Ovary sessile, elongate, 2-celled ; ovules numerous, 2-seriate in each

cell. Disk cupular, fleshy. Capsule elongate, terete or somewhat

angled, loculicidally 2-valved ; septum thick, corky, cylindrical, pitted

to receive the seeds in alternating cavities. Seeds trigonous, with a

transverse groove without and a prominent ridge within, which fits

into a deep pit in the septum ; wings membranous, lying flat upon

the septum; cotyledons folded, 2-lobed, radicle straight. — Distrib.

Tropical Asia and Africa. About 12 species.

Stereospermum fimbriatum, DC. Prod. IX. 211 (1844). A large

deciduous tree, reaching 70 to 80 feet in height of stem and 1-5 to 3 feet

in diam. ; bark grey, rough ; branchlets stout, innovations and inflores-

cence viscid-pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, 1 to 2 feet long; rachis

379

Flora of the. Malayan Peninsula.

grooved, viscid-pilose ; leaflets 7-9, side ones opposite slightly unequal

at base ; end one equal, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate at apex,

rounded at base, entire, membranous, viscid-pilose at any rate when

young, afterwards glabrescent on upper surface; 4 to 6 in. long, 1-5 to

1-75 in. broad ; midrib slender, main-nerves about 7 pairs, curving

upwards to and along the margin, reticulations prominent, transverse ;

petiolules of side leaflets - 3 to ’4 in. long, of end one 1-1-5 in., articu-

late. Panicle large, very viscid-pilose, dichotomously branched, 5 to

9 in. long and broad ; peduncle short, about -5 in. long, thick, secondary

peduncles 1 to 1-5 in. long ; pedicels slender, about -5 in. long ; bracteoles

very small, subulate, early caducous. Flowers pale lilac, the tube rather

darker. Calyx campanulate, viscid-pubescent without, glabrous within,

■5 in. long ; lobes 5, rounded, very short, long-apiculate. Corolla-tube

funnel-shaped, -1 to -15 in. long; lobes 5, as long as tube, spreading,

long-fimbriate, the lacinise -025 in. long. Stamens 4, didynamous ; fila-

ments slender, glabrous; anther-cells linear-oblong, divaricate, recurved,

•05 in. long. Ovary cylindric, glabrous ; style slender, stigma 2-lobed.

Capsule cylindric, more or less quadrangular, torulose, 1 to 2 feet long,

•5 in. in diam. ; septum thick, corky. Seeds trigonous, with rather

thick wings ; 1 in. long, -3 in. broad, deeply immersed in alternate pits

in the septum. Kurz For. FI. II. 231 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind.

IV. 383. Bignonia fimbriata, Wall. Cat. 6500.

Junkseylon (Tongkah) : Curtis 2912. Pebak: Wray 3334;

Scortechini 1746; King's Collector 5701. Pahang: Ridley l.c.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1211. — Disteib. Burma.

4. Badermacheba, Zoll & Mor.

Trees. Leaves opposite, 1-2-pinnate ; leaflets petiolulate, entire.

Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, showy. Calyx urceolate,

open or closed in bud, entire or shortly lobed in flower. Corolla funnel-

shaped ; tube narrow, mouth more or less 2-lipped, upper lip 2-, lower

3-lobed, the lobes spreading, rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, with

a fifth sterile one, included ; filaments slender ; anthers 2-celled, the

cells divaricate. Disk cupular, fleshy, entire. Ovary cylindrical ; cells

2 ; ovules very numerous in many rows in each cell. Capsule slender,

compressed, terete, often spirally twisted ; the septum slender, con-

tinuous, cylindric or compressed, very faintly pitted and bearing on

each side a double row of seeds. Seeds very small, rounded, flattened,

resting on a very slight depression but not sunk in the septum ; wings

hyaline, shining; cotyledons flat, not lobed ; radicle minute. — Disteib.

Burma, the Malay Peninsula, and Malay Archipelago. About 8 species.

380

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 1-pinnate, leaflets prominently glandular at base, capsule

under 10 in. long . . . . . . . . . . 1 . R- glandulosa.

Leaves 2-3-pinnate, leaflets not glandular at base, capsule over

15 in. long . . . . . . . . ..2.1?. amtena.

1. Radermachera glandulosa, K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Naturl.

Pflanzenfam. IV. 3 b, 243 (1894). A small tree with spreading branches,

reaching 15 to 30 feet in height and 6 to 12 in. in diam. of stem. ;

branches stout, with pale brown, corky bark ; branchlets smooth, with

prominent oblong lenticels ; innovations slightly puberulous. Leaves

imparipinnate, 15 to 20 in. long ; rachis smooth, swollen at the nodes

and at the base, glabrous ; leaflets 3 to 7, side ones opposite, slightly

unequal at base, end one equal, all furnished with prominent large

glands at the base above the petiolule, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or

abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base, entire, glabrous, chartaceous,

5 to 10 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad ; midrib slender, main-nerves 9 to 11

pairs, arching upwards to and along the margin ; reticulations transverse,

prominent ; petiolules - 3 to '4 in. long, end one 1 in. long. Panicles

terminal and occasionally axillary, 6 to 12 in. long ; peduncle often

very long, branches short, scarcely "5 in. long, few-flowered ; pedicels

slender, -2 to '4 in. long ; bracteoles minute, caducous ; flowers white,

shaded with pink, calyx red. Calyx campanulate, truncate, persistent,

•15 in. long, glabrous, margin undulate only. Corolla-tube cylindric

below for -5 in., then campanulate for nearly 1 in., '5 in. wide at mouth,

glabrous without, slightly pubescent within ; lobes 5, 2 upper smaller

than 3 lower, - 3 in. long, margins slightly crispate-ciliate. Stame?is 4,

didynamous, included; filaments slender, anther-cells linear, -1 in. long,

divaricate, sterile stamen clavate. Disk cupular, glabrous. Ovary

oblong ; style slender, '75 in. long ; stigmas 2, oblong. Capsule slender,

terete, 6 to 10 in. long, - 25 in. broad ; valves thin, chartaceous, flat

after dehiscence, slightly keeled on back ; septum cylindric, slightly

pitted, white, spongy. Seeds very many, flat, - 6 to - 8 in. long and 05

to '1 in. broad (including the hyaline often fimbriate wings) ; testa

membranous ; cotyledons flat, oblong, broader than long (-05 in.) ;

radicle minute. B. stricta, Zoll. ; Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 28.

Spathodea glandulosa, Blume Bijdr. 762 ; DG. Prod. IX. 207 ; Miq. El.

Ind. Bat. II. 755. Bignonia Porteriana, Wall. Cat. 6509 ; DC. l.c. 165.

Lagaropyxis glandulosa, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 199. Stereo-

spermum glandulosum, Miq. El. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 565 ; Clarke in Hook,

f. El. Br. Ind. IV. 383 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 74.

Penang : Wallich 6509 ; Curtis 140. Perak : Wray 1346, 2143 ;

Scortechini 114, 1156 ; King’s Collector 3353, 6379 ; Kunstler 981.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1217 ; Goodenougli 1960. Selangor : Bidley

381

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

8537. Negri Sembilan : Goodenough 1860. Pahang : Bidley l.c. —

Distbib. Burma ( Lohh ), Sumatra ( Foi'bcs 2663, 2693), Java, Borneo

( Beccari 811).

2. Radermachera amjsna, Seem. Journ. Bot. VIII. 146 (1870). A

very tall tree, reaching 80 feet in height, all parts glabrous ; branches

thick, with prominent leaf-scars. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, apparently 2 feet

long or longer, the lower pinnae only again divided, the upper ones simply

pinnate ; rachis smooth, thick, swollen and articulate at the nodes,

enlarged at foot ; petiole about 6 in. long, all joints easily separating

when dry : leaflets oblong-lanceolate when young, elliptic-oblong when

old, shortly and abruptly blunt-acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate

at base and slightly decurrent, glabrous, entire, coriaceous, 4 to 6 in.

long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed above, main-nerves

about 10 pairs, joined at about '25 in. from the margin in a looped

nerve, secondary nerves alternate with the main-nerves, reticulations

obscure ; petiolules ‘4 or ’5 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Panicles much and usually triehotomously

branched, rachis terete, upper branches channelled ; peduncle about

5 in. long ; pedicels slender ; bracteoles minute, rounded ; flowers

white, tinted with pink outside and with yellow streaks within , the

calyx dark red. Calyx in bud closed, in flower 2-lipped, the lips bluntly

apiculate; tube and lobes equal, -3 in. long, glabrous, deciduous.

Corolla-tube shortly cylindric at first for '2 to - 3 in. long, then cam-

panulate, glabrous; lobes nearly equal, rounded, crenulate on the

margins, -2 to -3 in. long. Stamens 4, with an abortive fifth ; filaments

thickened and glandular-hairy below, slender and glabrous above ;

anther-cells linear, curved, divaricate, the connective prominently

apiculate. Disk cupular, glabrous. Ovary oblong, flattened; style

slender, as long as tube ; stigma bilobed, lobes lanceolate , cells 2,

ovules very many. Capsule slender, torulose, 12 to 18 in. long, 3 in.

broad ; valves thin, chartaceous, flattened after dehiscence and then

■25 in. broad, keeled on the back ; septum cylindric, spongy, speedily

caducous, bearing on each border a row of small seeds. Seeds (with

wings) '75 in. long, *1 to '15 in. broad, wings hyaline, rounded , testa

membranous ; cotyledons flat, oblong, longer than broad ; radicle

minute. Ivurz Bor. FI. II. 232. 11. gigantea and B. Lobbii , Miq. in

Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. III. 250. Spathodea amana, DC. Prod. IX. 208.

S. Lobbii, Teys. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdsclr. XXV. 413. Spathodea

gigantea, Bl. Bijdr. 761 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I. 755 ; DC. l.c. 207.

Bignonia amcena, Wall. Cat. 6512 and PI. As. Rar. II. 78. t. 183.

Lagaropyxis gigantea, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. I. 198. Stercospermum

hypostictum, Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 384; Koord. & Yal.

Bijdr. I. 72.

382

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak : Scortechini 1496 ; Wray. Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 4070 ;

Maingay 1212 (part). Singapore : Maingay (K.D.) 1212 (part ) ; Gantley

79,204. — Distrib. Tavoy, Java.

5. Pajanelia, DC.

A large tree, glabrous except the flowers. Leaves large, impari-

pinnate ; leaflets entire, numerous. Flowers large, in large terminal

thyrsoid panicles, dark red. Calyx large, ovoid and closed in bud, in

flower ventricose-campanulate ; lobes 5. Corolla-tube cylindric below,

ventricose-campanulate above, wide at the mouth ; limb sub-bilabrate,

lobes 5, spreading, recurved, unequal. Stamens 4, with a rudimentary

fifth, didynamous, sub-exsert ; filaments slender ; anthers glabrous, cells

oblong, divergent. Disk annular. Ovary 2-celled, ovules on each

placenta numerous, oo-seriate. Fruit an elongate narrowly oblong

capsule, loculieidally dehiscing, the septum contrary to the valves, the

margins of the valves extended in broad wings. Seeds in several rows

on the edges of the septum, compressed, with hyaline wings; cotyledons

flat, radicle small. — Distrib. A single S.E. Asiatic species.

Pajanelia multijuga, DC. Prod. IX. 227 (1845). A large evergreen

tree, reaching 60 to 80 feet in height and 2 feet in diam. of stem ;

glabrous except the corolla ; bark -25 in. thick, dark grey, rough; branches

thick, lenticellate. Leaves imparipinnate, P5 to 3 feet long, glabrous ;

rachis angular ; leaflets 10 to 12 pairs with a terminal one, very unequal-

sided, elliptic-ovate, acute at apex, rounded at base on the upper, cuneate

on the lower side, chartaceous, margins entire recurved, 4 to 8 in. long,

2-5 to 3 p 5 in. broad ; midrib slender, main-nerves 9 on upper, 7 on lower

side, reticulations transverse ; petiolule stout, -2 to -3 in. long. Panicles

thyrsoid, 12 to 18 in. long; rachis stout, fleshy, lenticellate; primary

branches 1 to 2 in. long, similar, secondary di- tri-chotomously branched ;

pedicels -5 in. long ; bracteoles minute ; flowers large, pale yellow,

throat purple within. Calyx closed in bud, in flower campanulate,

1 to 1'5 in. long; tube broad at base with keel-like folds without, lobes

5, irregular, acute. Corolla 2 to 2-5 in. long, cylindric below, then

somewhat constricted, then ventricose-campanulate ; lobes 5, unequal,

at first parallel-sided, then broadening into a blunt rounded crispately

crenulate limb ; the upper part of the tube and the lobes, especially on

the margin, grey-pubescent. Stamens 4 with a rudimentary fifth,

didynamous; filaments slender, glabrous; anther-cells oblong, diver-

gent. Disk annular, pulvinate, glabrous. Ovary sessile, oblong ; style

slender, angled, broadening upwards into a 2-lobed clavate stigma ;

cells 2, ovules very numerous. Capsule flat, lanceolate, broadly winged,

the wings split, glabrous, 1 to 1'5 feet long, 2 to 2-5 in. broad; septum

383

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

transverse, quadrangular in section. Seeds exceedingly numerous, in

many rows and imbricating, curved; furnished at either end with a

very thin hyaline wing, seeds and wing reaching 1-5 in. long and -5 in.

broad ; testa membranous ; cotyledons obcordate, flat ; radicle slender.

Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 20 ; Kurz For. FI. II. 237. P. Bheedii, Wight

Ic. tt. 1343-4 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. III. 384 ; Bedd. FI. Sylv.

CLXIX. ; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 333 ; Prain Beng. Plants II. 790.

Bignonia indica, var. /3 Linn. Sp. PL 871 ; Lour. FI. Cochinch. 460.

B. Pajanelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. 316. B. longifolia,

Willd. Sp. PI. III. 306; K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b,

244. B. multijuga, Wall. Cat. 6503 and PI. As. Ear. 1. 81, tt. 95, 96.

“ Pajaneli,” Bheede Hort. Mai. I. 44.

Penang: Jack. Perak: Scortcchini ; King’s Collector 2616,3958.

— Distrib. Eastern Bengal, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malabar coast.

6. Diplanthera, Banks & Solander.

Trees, more or less hairy. Leaves undivided, large, opposite or

whorled. Floivers large, yellow, in short thick panicles among the

uppermost leaves, the primary branches of the panicles shortly ver-

ticillate and densely cyme-bearing. Calyx eampanulate, oblong and

closed when young, with 2 to 5 valvate lobes connivent in flower and

sometimes sub-bilabiate. Corolla tubular-ventricose ; lobes 5, rounded,

sub-equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, exsert ; filaments involute in bud ;

anthers glabrous ; cells linear, at first parallel, afterwards divaricate.

Disk thick, pulvinate. Ovary sub-sessile, ovules densely many-seriate.

Capsule oblong-fusiform, woody, loculicidally 2-valved ; septum flat,

thick. Seeds many-seriate, between the margins of the septum, flattened,

with a broad hyaline wing. — Distrib. From the Malay Peninsula to

New Caledonia and Australia : about 6 species.

Diplanthera bancana, Scheffer in Nat. Tijdschr. XXXI. 334 (1870).

A lofty tree ; branches stout ; branchlets pale brown, pubescent, marked

with lenticels and prominent leaf-scars. Leaves chartaceous, undivided,

ovate, obtuse at apex, cordate at base; margins irregularly undulate,

furnished with 1 to 2 glandular pits on the upper surface at the inser-

tion of the petiole ; both surfaces slightly pubescent, especially beneath

and on the nerves ; 8 to 13 in. long, 5 to 8 in. broad ; midrib stout,

main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, the lowest 3 close together and spreading

more or less downwards or horizontally, the rest distant, irregular,

often branched at two-thirds of their length, the branches all anasto-

mosing near the margin ; reticulations prominent, transverse ; petiole

stout, 2 to 4 in. long, base articulate. Panicles terminal, 4 to 5 in. in

diam., tawny-villous; common peduncle 5 to 6 in. long, '25 in. thick;

384 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branches easily disarticulating ; pedicels slender, -75 in. long ; bracts

leafy, spathulate, '2 in. long ; bracteoles linear-subulate, -1 to -2 in. long ;

flowers yellow. Calyx campanulate, closed in bud, 5-lobed in flower,

■7 to -8 in. long ; often 2-labiate, the upper lip with 2 divisions of 2 lobes

each, the lower 1-lobed, acute ; tube puberulous without. Corolla tubular-

ventricose, 1 in. long ; lobes 5, uppermost and 2 lowest acute ; side lobes

broadly obtuse, margins incurved; tube glabrous except for a ring of tawny

hairs at the insertion of the filaments. Stamens 4, filaments inseited a

little above the base of the tube, involute in bud ; anther-cells linear,

pendulous. Ovary oblong; style slender; stigmas 2, lanceolate;

ovules very many. Capsule 6 in. long, 1'2 in. broad, smooth, valves

boat-shaped after dehiscence. Seeds l - 5 in. long, ’75 in. broad, winged

on 3 sides ; cotyledons flat, emarginate, -15 in. long, -25 in. broad.

Clarke in Hook. f. Bl. Br. Ind. IV. 385.

Penang : Curtis 870, 1569. Malacca : Walker 283 ; Maingay (K.D.)

1214 .— Disteib. Bangka ( Teysmann 7666).

7. Millingtonia, Linn. f.

A tall tree with corky bark. Leaves opposite, 2-3-pinnate ; leaflets

entire or crenate. Flowers white, in terminal corymbose panicles.

Calyx small, cupular, truncate or with 5 short teeth. Corolla white ;

tube long, slender; limb obscurely bilabiate; lobes 5, sub-equal, sub-

valvate, the 2 upper connate to near the middle. Stamens 4, didy-

namous, with no rudimentary fifth, shortly exsert, inserted on the

mouth of the tube; anthers 1-celled, the second cell rudimentary,

hooked. Disk annular, cushion-like. Ovary sub-sessile, cylindric-

conical ; style slender ; stigma bi-lobed ; ovules numerous, in about

4 rows on each placenta. Capsule linear, compressed parallel to the

septum, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds very many, flattened, surrounded on

3 sides by a thin hyaline wing.— Disteib. A single S.E. Asiatic species.

Millingtonia hoetensis, Linn. f. Suppl. 291 (1781). A tall erect

tree reaching a height of 80 feet and a girth of 6 to 12 feet , bark

corky, deeply fissured ; branches stout, drooping ; branchlets somewhat

slender, flattened, lenticellate ; innovations and young leaves slightly

pubescent. Leaves opposite, 2-3 pinnate, about L5 to 2 feet long or

longer ; rachis [angular, channelled ; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, truncate at base, membranous ; glabrous when old,

pubescent when young ; margins entire or (in young plants and shoots

chiefly) broadly crenate ; 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad ; midrib

prominent, raised on both surfaces as are the 4-5 pairs of main-nerves ;

petiolules slender, in upper leaflets often none. Panicles 8 to 12 in.

long, branches divaricate ; rachis somewhat angular, flattened ; peduncles

385

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1 to 3 in. long ; bracts and bracteoles very small, caducous ; pedicels

slender, "3 to '4 in. long ; flowers white. Calyx cupular, -1 in. long ;

lobes very shallow, rounded, recurved. Corolla-tube very slender,

1-5 to 2'5 in. long, about ’07 to - 1 in. broad, glabrous; lobes ovate-

oblong, acute, pubescent within, - 5 to '6 in. long, -2 to ‘3 in. broad.

Stamens inserted at the top of the tube ; filaments slender, -4 to • 5 in.

long; anthers rounded, ovate. Ovary slender; style very slender,

exsert, stigma-lobes ovate. Disk cushion-like, ‘05 in. high. Capsule

about 12 to 15 in. long and -75 in. broad, acute at both ends ; valves

woody, septum ultimately free. Seeds in several rows along the margins

of the septum, much overlapping, including the wing about 1 in. by

■5 in. ; wing narrow at the apex, hyaline. DC. Prod. IX. 182 ; Wight

111. 16 bis fig. 6 ; Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 8 ; Bedd. PI. Sylv. Madr. t.

249 ; Brandis For. FI. 347 ; Kurz For. FI. II. 238 ; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IY. 377 ; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 334 ; Prain Beng. Plants 788.

Bignonia Azedarachta, Koen. Ann. Bot. I. 178. B. suberosa, Boxb.

Cor. PL III. 11, t. 214 and FI. Ind. III. Ill ; Wall. Cat. 6513.

Malacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1215. Singapore : Deschamps . —

Distrib. India, Burma {fide Kurz), Sumatra (Miq. FI. Ind. Bat.

Suppl. 565).

Whether the specimens were gathered from really wild trees there is nothing to

show, but if Kurz is right in his statement that the cork-tree, so well known in India

in cultivation, is wild in tropical forests from Martaban to Tenasserim, it may well

occur in a wild state further south in the Peninsula.

Order LXXXVIII. PEDALINEiE.

[By D. Piiain.]

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate,

entire toothed or lobed ; stipules 0. Flowers irregular, solitary or,

rarely, clustered or racemose, usually axillary ; pedicels short ; bracts

minute or 0. Sepals 4-5, slightly connate below. Petals connate in a

tubular- ventricose corolla ; limb 5-lobed, obscurely 2-lipped ; lobes

imbricate. Stamens 4, didynamous, rarely 2. Carpels 2, connate in a

2-celled, rarely 1-celled ovary ; ovules many or few, superposed ; style

filiform ; stigma shortly 2-lobed. Fruit hard, indehiscent, or a 2- (less

often 3-4-) valved capsule. Seeds without wings ; albumen 0. — Distrib.

Species about 40, in tropical and sub-tropical countries.

Sesamum, Linn.

Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite below, alternate above,

entire toothed, lobed, or divided. Floivers axillary, solitary or few and

386

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fascicled, shortly pedicelled. Sepals connate in a small 5-partite calyx.

Corolla 2-lipped ; tube ventricose ; lobes rounded, those of the upper

lip rather smaller than the others. Stamens 4, didynamous, included ;

anthers sagittate, cells sub-parallel, distinct. Carpels connate in a

2-celled ovary ; cells soon divided into two chambers by a false dissepi-

ment intruded between the placentas ; ovules many, 1-seriate in each

chamber ; style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit an oblong or ovoid

capsule, usually 4-angled and 4-grooved, 4-chambered, loculieidally

2-valved. Seeds many, obliquely oblong, somewhat compressed,

foveolate. — Distbib. Species 10, Africa and S.E. Asia.

Sesamum indicum, DC. Prod. IX. 250. An erect pubescent or

puberulous herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves oblong or ovate, variable, the

lower often lobed or pedatisect ; the middle ovate, toothed ; the upper

often narrow-oblong, sub-entire ; blade 3 to 5 in. long ; petioles -5 to

2 in. Floivers axillary, solitary rarely 2-3-nate ; pedicels -5 in. long.

Calyx-lobes - 25 in. long, lanceolate. Corolla pubescent, l - 25 in. long,

whitish or with red, or purplish, or yellow marks. Capsule oblong,

tetragonous, erect, scabrid-pilose, 1 in. long, uniformly -25 in. wide

throughout ; apex usually shortly acuminate ; dehiscence usually by

2 valves half-way down, sometimes to the base, and sometimes each

valve subsequently divided. Seeds brown, smooth. Wall. Cat. 6408 ;

Wight 111. 163 ; Hook. f. Plor. Brit. Ind. IY. 387 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1688.

S. orientale, Linn. Sp. PI. 634; Gaertn. Pruct. II. 132 t. 110; Lamk 111.

t. 528 ; Boxb. Plor. Ind. III. 100. S. luteum, Betz Obs. YI. 31 ; DC.

Prod. IX. 250. S. occidental, Her. &Beg., DC. Prod. IX. 250; Tbw.

Enum. 442. Bumph. Herb. Amb. t. 76, f. 1. Bheede Hort. Malab.

IX. tt. 54, 55.

Penang : Wallich I King ! Peeak : Wray ! Scortechini ! Malacca :

Derry! J ohoee : Fielding ! Singapoee : Hullett ! — Distkib. Culti-

vated in all hot countries.

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