ADDITIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS!

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

Pittosporum amplectens sp. nov.—Rami saltem novelli valde

adpresso-hispidi setis fulvis. Folia subnumerosa, suberecta, plus

minusve terminaliter disposita, sicca brunneo-viridia, novella hispida,

oblonga vel (interdum latissime) oblongo-oblanceolata, apice acumi-

nata, magnitudine variabilia; petiolo gracili, glabro vel irregulariter

sparsissimeque tomentoso, 1-4 cm. longo; lamina nunc glabra nune

praecipue infra sparsim adpresso-setosa setis gracilibus fulvisque,

supra raro subnitida, infra perspicue elevato-venosa, nunc tantum

1 dm. longa et +2 cm. lata nunc plerumque +1.9 dm. longa et

+6.5 (etiam +8) cm. lata. Flores non visi. Pedunculi fertiles

axillares caulinive, saepe subverticillate 2-3-congregati, saltem

demum subglabrescentes, plerumque 5-10 mm. longi; pedicellis

usque ad circ. 10, 83-5 mm. longis. Capsulae fere semimaturae

saepe 6-9-congregatae, laeves glabraeque, circumambitu ovali-

oblongae, 1.5-1.7 cm. longae (stylo gracili +3 mm. longo excluso)

et 1.2-1.4 em. latae; unica matura valva visa, hac cireumambitu

subcordato-rotundata, extus laevi glabraque, circ. 2.38 cm. longa

et +2.6 cm. lata. Semina atra, laevia, sub 6 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata.

At least young portions of branches strongly appressed-hispid

with brown setae. Leaves subnumerous, suberect, more or less

terminally disposed, brownish-green when dry, hispid when young,

oblong or (at times very broadly) oblong-oblanceolate, at apex

acuminate, variable in size; petiole slender, glabrous or irregularly

1 The following abbreviations are used for the depositories of specimens cited

in this paper: Arn., Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain; Berl., Berlin Botanical

Garden; Bish., Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu; Corn., Cornell Uni-

versity Herbarium, Ithaca; Deg., herbarium of Otto Degener, Honolulu; Del.,

Delessert Herbarium, Geneva; Field, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago;

Goth., Arboretum of Gothenburg; Gray, Gray Herbarium of Harvard University,

Cambridge; Kew, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew; Minn., University of Min-

nesota Herbarium, Minneapolis; Mo.,. Missouri Botanical Gardens, St. Louis;

N. Y., New York Botanical Garden; Par., Museum of Natural History, Paris;

U. S., United States National Museum, Washington; Yunck., herbarium of Dr.

Truman George Yuncker, Greencastle, Indiana.

To conform with the usage employed throughout my previous writings, the

term cotype is used to connote a duplicate of the type, as shown usually by the

fact that the duplicate bears the same collector’s name and number and same

habitat-data. The term as here used is thus the equivalent of paratype or isotype

as used by certain other authors.

407

408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

and very sparsely tomentose, 1-4 cm. long; blade now glabrous now

especially beneath sparsely appressed-setose with slender, brown

setae, above rarely subglossy, beneath conspicuously salient-veiny,

now only 1 dm. long and +2 cm. wide now commonly +1.9 dm. long

and +6.5 (or even +8) cm. wide. Flowers not seen. Peduncles

of pistillate flowers axillary or cauline, often subverticillately 2-3-

clustered, at least finally subglabrescent, commonly 5-10 mm. long;

pedicels up to about 10, 3-5 mm. long. Capsules almost semimature

often 6—9-clustered, smooth and glabrous, in outline oval-oblong,

1.5-1.7 cm. long (excluding the slender, +8 mm. long style) and

1.2-1.4 cm. wide; a single mature valve seen, this subcordate-

rounded in outline, externally smooth and glabrous, about 2.38 cm.

long and +2.6 cm. wide. Seeds black, smooth, under 6 mm. long

and 5 mm. wide. |

Specimens examined: Joseph F. Rock 8,376, on the slopes and in

crater of a small, extinct voleano, west of Honokanenui, mountains

of Kohala, Isl. Hawaii, June, 1910 (Arn.; Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field,

2 sheets; Kew; Par.); Rock 8,384, Kohala, Isl. Hawaii, June 20,

1910 (type, Bish.).

Smaller-leaved sprays, at least in the absence of flowers, offer

an illusory resemblance to normal material of Pzttosporum glabrum

of Oahu, but can be told by the hairs persistent here and there

underneath some of the leaves. Such sprays suggest P. sulcatwm

var. Remyi except that they have erugose and glabrous, not rugose

and pubescent, capsules. The seeds are rather small for the size

of the mature capsule, thus leaving ample space in the capsular

chamber. In this respect there is a resemblance to the mostly

larger-fruited and otherwise very different P. Hosmerz and its var.

longifolium, both of Hawaii. The very large leaves on most of the

material examined call to mind, however, still other species and it

is found that P. amplectens embraces! in one combination an assort-

ment of characters that elsewhere are more or less separately asso-

ciated with diverse forms.

A tentative Greek-Latin name which Rock applied to both his

no. 8,876 and his no. 8,884 in the herbarium indicated that they

preferred marsh and forest.2. Some of the largest leaves are much

1 Whence the trivial name amplectens, embracing.

2 Rock had labeled all of his material as a new species, but later, in his In-

digenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands (pp. 153-172. 1913), he omitted mention

of it. This omission was covered by his general explanation which follows: “the

writer wishes to state that he has gathered much material from localities where

Pittosporums had never been recorded. Some of them (sic) undoubtedly are

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 409

discolored with black patches, as in leaves, for example, of Pitto-

sporum Gayanum of Kauai. In the case of P. acuminatum, Rock

(in herb.) attributed such discoloration to the fungus, Capnodium

lanosum.

Pittosporum acutisepalum (Hillebr.) comb. nov.; Pzttosporum

glomeratum var. 8 acutisepalum Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 23. 1888.

In 1865 or earlier, Hillebrand collected at Nuuanu on the Island

of Oahu a sheet of fine material of a Pittosporum which he labeled,

“‘Pittosporum an sp. nova aff. P. glabro.”’ This was sent to Hooker

and is now in the Kew Herbarium. In his Flora of the Hawaiian

Islands, published considerably later, Hillebrand described identical

material, from ‘‘Palolo to Niu” on Oahu, for his new variety acuti-

sepalum' of his new species P. glomeratum. Recently I have been

supplied by Dr. L. Diels, Director of the Berlin Botanical Garden,

with excellent photographs of Hillebrand’s types of both P. glome-

ratum and its var. acutisepalum. It is evident from a comparison

of these photographs with Hillebrand’s original descriptions and

the more recently collected herbarium materials that the var.

acutisepalum may well be regarded as a distinct species.

Specimens examined: Erling Christophersen & Gerrit P. Wilder

1,429 pro parte, in moist place, alt. 500-600 meters, East Palolo

ridge, Oahu, January 16, 1931 (Berl.; Bish.; Field, 2 sheets; a form

with sepals often only 5 mm. but petals +17 mm. long, entirely

separate and very slender; the flowering specimens of this set

originally commixed by the collectors with mature fruiting speci-

mens of P. sulcatum); Otto Degener 10,975, in rain-forest, Mt.

Olympus, Oahu, January 9, 1927 (Berl.; Deg.; Field); Degener &

Kwan Kee Park 10,988, in forest, Wilhelmina Rise, Oahu, November

11, 1931 (Berl.; Field); Degener, Takamoto, Tam, & Martinez 10,798,

in lower forest, east ridge of Manoa Valley, Oahu, March 29, 1936

new, but owing to incomplete specimens, as the wanting of flowers, or mature

capsules, the writer thinks it advisable not to include them in this already volumi-

nous book, but rather to wait for additional material and then make an exhaustive

study of this very variable group of plants.’”’ In not taking up Rock’s unpublished

herbarium name, I have followed the recommendations accompanying the Inter-

national Rules.

1Spelled acutisepala by Hillebrand in his posthumously published Flora.

I assume that he inadvertently used the feminine ending a in his mss. to accord

with an understood “‘varietas’’ rather than to connote a substantive-plural use

of the word. (Cf. his Tetramolopium Chamissonis var. arbuscula on p. 199, T.

arenarium var. dentata on p. 200, and Claoxylon sandwicense var. tomentosa on

p. 399 of the same work. In these last two cases he of course could not have

intended a substantive use. In the case of the somewhat comparable Panicum

monticola published by Hillebrand on pp. 494 and 500, it seems entirely possible

that he was in fact thinking in terms of a substantive.)

410 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

(Corn.; Del.; Mo.; cum P. glabro commixtum); J. Arthur Harris

C242,248, Oahu, September 10, 1924 (Goth.); Hillebrand, Nuuanu,

Oahu (Kew).

Pittosporum glabrum var. glomeratum (Hillebr.) comb. nov.;

Pittosporum glomeratum Hillebr. F]. Haw. Isls. 28. 1888.

An extended search through herbarium material reveals no speci-

mens matching Hillebrand’s type. Rock, who had not as yet seen

the type specimen, wrote in 19138 (Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 157)

that P. glomeratum Hillebr. ‘‘comes very close to P. glabrum and

is perhaps only a form of it.’”’ At Berlin the type sheet had been

“bearbeitet fiir das ‘Pflanzenreich’’’ by Moeser and the name

glomeratum reduced to the rank of a mere forma under P. glabrum.

On a different sheet of Hillebrand’s Hawaiian Pittosporum material

at Berlin, Rock later had written (as translated by me from the

photograph sent me by Dr. Diels): ‘‘I agree entirely with L. Moeser,

Pittosporum glomeratum is in any case only a form of P. glabrum.”

My own judgment is that P. glomeratum is specifically affiliated,

to be sure, with P. glabrum, but is entitled to varietal rank under

that species. From P. glabrum proper it differs in its pedunculate

cluster of almost sessile flowers, pubescent peduncle, sepals and ovary

tomentose, ete.

Pittosporum glabrum intermedium var. nov.—Inflorescentia

caulina axillarisve perspicue patenti-pilosa pilis brunneis multi-

loculatis ac minute glandulo-capitatis, masculina +9-flora; pedunculo

brevi sub 6 mm. longo, pedicellis gracilibus sub 8 mm. longis, bracteis

subulatis sub 3 mm. longis, sepalis subulato-lanceolatis tergo glabres-

centibus 4-5 mm. longis; feminea usque ad 14-flora, pedunculo

demum usque ad 1.2 em. longo, pedicellis crassiusculis breviori-

busque, sepalis latioribus ovato-attenuatis. Capsulae glabrae vel

aegre irregulariterque tomentellae, valvis usque ad 3.5 cm. longis et

2.9 cm. latis. Semina usque 7 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, 4 mm. crassa.

Inflorescence cauline or axillary, conspicuously spreading-pilose

with multiloculate and minutely glandular-capitate brown hairs,

the staminate +9-flowered, its short peduncle under 6 mm. long,

pedicels slender and under 8 mm. long, the subulate bracts under

3 mm. long, sepals subulate-lanceolate as well as glabrescent and

4-5 mm. long; pistillate inflorescence up to 14-flowered, its peduncle

finally up to 1.2 em. long, pedicels rather thickish and shorter, sepals

wider and ovate-attenuate. Capsules glabrous or weakly and

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS ati

irregularly tomentulose, their valves up to 3.5 cm. long and 2.9 cm.

wide. Seeds up to 7 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, 4 mm. thick.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 1,676-O, Palehua,

Waianae Range, Isl. Oahu, Apr. 1-4, 1911 (type, Bish.: cotypes,

Berl.; Field).

The pilose inflorescence distinguishes from the species proper

and somewhat suggests var. spathulatum, but the multiloculate

and glandular nature of the hairs, also the more attenuate sepal-

tips and more nearly or even completely glabrous capsules offer

a distinction from that variety.

Pittosporum glabrum var. spathulatum subcandidum

f. nov.—Foliorum laminae facie inferiore irregulariter sparsimque

(petioli surculique dense) tomentosae tomento adpresso ac plerumque

albo (raro flavido-brunneo), vel demum glabratae.

Foliar blades clothed irregularly and sparsely on lower surface

(petioles and young shoots densely) with appressed and commonly

white (rarely yellowish-brown) tomentum, or finally glabrate.

Specimens examined: F’. R. Fosberg 13,402, tree, 5 meters tall,

at edge of moist forest, alt. 600 meters, Manawai-Kahananui Ridge,

Isl. Molokai, Dec. 24, 1986 (type, Field, 2 sheets: cotypes, Berl.;

Bish.).

The type specimens lack flowers but have a total of ten mature

fruits. These are identical with those of var. spathulatum proper

found on Oahu (type locality for that variety) and the only distince-

tive character remaining appears to be that of the tomentum on

the youngest shoots, on the under surfaces of the leaves, and on

the petioles when young. The leaves and youngest shoots of var.

spathulatum proper are regularly glabrous.

Pittosporum glabrum var. spathulatum hypoleium Dege-

ner & Sherff f. nov.—Formae subcandido similis sed pubescentia

pro maxima parte flava.

Similar to f. subcandidum but the pubescence for the most part

yellow. On the type the pubescence is accompanied by considerable

pulverulence but this appears to be foreign.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener & H. Ochiae 10,988a, on

exposed ridge in tapestry forest, ridge northeast of Nuuanu Pali,

Isl. Oahu, Nov. 20, 1926 (type, Field).

The large spray of the type sheet lacks flowers but is accom-

panied by a mature capsule, this in a separate packet.

412 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

Pittosporum glabrum Tinifolium var. nov.—Rami glabrati,

non robusti (pro speciminibus visis sub 5 mm. crassi). Folia ramorum

apices versus disposita, novellissima valde pubescentia mox glabra

vel infra sparsissime porrigini-setosa, graciliter petiolata petiolo

0.5-2 em. longo, lamina oblanceolata vel oblonge elliptico-lanceolata,

acuminata, membranacea, subobscure nervata, 6-11 cm. longa et

2-3.3 em. lata. Flores ignoti. Inflorescentia fructifera caulina,

subsessilis, cum +5 capsulis. Capsula pedicellata pedicello 4-10

mm. longo; valvis demum planis et plus minusve rotundis, sub

2 cm. longis et 1.8 cm. latis, extus glabratis vel sparsim setosis sed

(siccis) minute rugosis (sub vitro lenticulariformi multum convolutis),

rostro cire. 1.5 mm. longo. Semina atra, plus minusve plana, angu-

lata, faciebus glabra et sublaevia.

Branches glabrate, not robust (less than 5 mm. thick for the

specimens seen). Leaves disposed toward tips of branches, youngest

ones very pubescent but soon glabrous or on lower surface very

sparsely scurfy-setose, slenderly petiolate, petiole 0.5-2 cm. long;

blade oblanceolate or oblongly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, mem-

branaceous, subobscurely nerved, 6-11 cm. long and 2-3.3 cm. wide.

Flowers unknown. Inflorescence (with capsules) cauline, subsessile,

capsules +5. Capsule pedicellate, pedicel 4-10 mm. long; valves

finally flat and more or less rounded, under 2 em. long and 1.8 cm.

wide, externally glabrate or sparsely setose but (at least when dry)

minutely rugose (under a lens appearing much convoluted), beak

about 1.5mm. long. Seeds black, more or less flat, angulate, glabrous

and smoothish on faces.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 1,668-M, on ridge at

side of Kipakula, southeasternmost East Maui, Nov. 17, 1917

(type, Bish.: cotypes, Berl.; Field).

The type collection was in fruiting condition only and thus

inadequate for a full description. The available data have there-

fore been set forth rather fully here, with the hope that they will

aid in the collection of additional specimens in the type locality.

The leaves are thinner than in most P. glabrum proper (which is

unknown from Maui) and the scurfy-setose pubescence found

scattered or in tiny patches on the lower leaf-surfaces suggests

somewhat P. glabrum var. spathulatum f. subcandidum of south-

easternmost Molokai. However, the capsules are smaller than in

f. subcandidum and much less pubescent, in fact almost or essentially

glabrous; also, the leaves are thinner.

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 413

Pittosporum Hosmeri Saint-Johnii var. nov.—Frutex +1.8

m. altus. Folia submatura maturaque petiolo 1.5-3.5 cm. longa

lamina 10-20 em. longa et 4-7 em. lata, utrinque glaberrima vel

infra irregulariter sparsimque adpresso-setosa setis gracilibus acribus

subrectis saltem demum albis. Flores subflavido-albi, fragrantissimi.

Capsula matura aurantiaca, glabra, 3.6-4.6 cm. longa, 3.5-4.6 cm.

crassa, 3-4 cm. lata. Semina 8-9 mm. longa et 6-6.5 mm. lata.

Shrub +1.8 meters tall. Leaves submature and mature, petiole

1.5-3.5 cm. long; blade 10-20 em. long and 4-7 cm. wide, on both

surfaces very glabrous, or irregularly and sparsely appressed-setose

beneath with slender, sharp, nearly straight, at least finally white

setae. Flowers yellowish-white, very fragrant. Mature capsule

orange-colored, glabrous, 3.6—4.6 cm. long, 3.5—4.6 em. thick, 3-4 em.

wide. Seeds 8-9 mm. long and 6—-6.5 mm. wide.

. §pecimens examined: Harold Saint John, J. W. Coulter, E. Y.

Hashimoto, & D. D. Mitchell 11,442, shrub 6 feet tall, flowers creamy-

white and very fragrant, ripe fruit orange-colored, alt. 4,000 feet,

Puuwaawaa, Puu Hualalai, Isl. Hawaii, Dec. 30, 1931 (type, Bish.:

cotypes, Berl.; Field).

While discovered in the same locality as that for the species

proper, var. Saint-Johnit is different in its leaves. Incidentally, it

is a shrub and perhaps does not become a tree. Its leaves are

glabrous beneath or at most sparsely appressed-setose with white,

straightish hairs; only when emerging from the bud are they closely

rufous-pubescent. In the species proper, also in the var. longifolium

Rock, the leaves are more or less permanently dense-tomentose

beneath with a light to dark brown or reddish-brown wool.

Pittosporum insigne Fosbergii var. nov.—Frutex vel arbor

3-6 m. alta. Varietati Lydgatei similis sed differt: foliis saepius

3.5-5 em. latis, supra plerumque magis coriaceis nitidisque ac

rugosius reticulato-venulosis, novellis et rami parte terminali valde

adpresso-hispidis demum glabrescentibus vel rarius (siccis fulvo-

vel albo-) pubescentibus, lamina latiore et apicem versus minus

attenuata; pedunculo sub 1.5 em. longo.

Shrub or tree 3-6 m. tall. Similar to var. Lydgatei but differs:

leaves more often 3.5—-5 em. wide, above commonly more coriaceous

and glossy also more rugosely reticulate-veiny, the nascent ones

also terminal portion of branch strongly appressed-hispid but

finally glabrescent or more,rarely (in dry state brown- or white-)

pubescent, blade broader and toward apex less attenuate; peduncle

under 1.5 cm. long.

414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

Specimens examined (all from Isl. Molokai): Lucy May Cranwell

& Carl Skottsberg 2,550, in bog, Pepeopae, Jul. 9, 1988 (Goth.);

Otto Degener 10,958, in mossy rain-forest, near Puu o Wahaula, Apr.

17, 1928 (Berl.; Deg.; Field, 2 sheets); Degener 10,960, in rain-

forest, west of Pepeopae, Apr. 12, 1928 (Berl.; Deg.; Field); Charles

N. Forbes 445-Mo, Kalapamoa, August, 1912 (Bish.); Joseph F.

Rock 6,164, on ridge back of Kamoku, March, 1910 (Arn.; Berl.;

Bish.; Del.; Field; Kew); Saint John, Baker, Coulter, Fosberg, &

Yuncker 12,511, tree 12 feet tall, in wet forest, alt. 3,900 feet, Puu o

Kaeha, Kawela, Dec. 28, 1982 (Bish.; Field; Yunck.); idem 12,604,

shrub 10 feet tall, flowers below leaves on stem, on steep pali

[Hawaiian for bluff, cliff, or precipice], in rain-forest, ridge between

Hanaliloliio and Pepeopae, Waikolu Valley, Kawela, Dec. 25,

1932 (type, Bish.: cotype, Field); Saint John, J. Dunn, William B.

Storey 13,258, tree 20 feet tall, on wooded ridge, alt. 2,400 feet,

Kukuinui Ridge, Wailau Valley, Jul. 4, 1933 (Field).

This handsome shrub or small tree is named after Dr. F. R.

Fosberg, one of the type collectors, out of grateful appreciation

of his assistance in my studies on the Hawaiian species of Pittosporum.

Dr. Fosberg, as a student in the Hawaiian Islands during recent

years, collected, either individually or jointly with one or more other

botanists, a vast quantity of invaluable herbarium material. All

of his many Pittosporum specimens he placed at my disposal for

study and determination.

In P. insigne proper, of Maui, some of the flowers are borne

terminally, but in var. Fosbergii the flowers are apparently always,

as indicated on the type label, cauline. In P. insigne var. Hille-

brandi, which, like var. Fosbergii, inhabits eastern Molokai, the

fruits are more smoothish and the leaves are usually thinner, also

less rugose and glossy above. At times, however, specimens of var.

Hillebrandii offer an approach in one or two of these three respects.

In most of the material the leaves have shed all or most of their

pubescence but in a few collections this has persisted over half

or more of the lower surface. These may be separated as:

Pittosporum insigne var. Fosbergii pertinax Degener &

Sherff f. nov.—Varietati Fosbergii ipsi valde similis (floribus ignotis)

sed foliorum faciebus inferioribus non vel plus minusve tarde gla-

brescens, setis numerosissimis albis valde adpressis demum saepe in

tegimentum tenuissimum subporriginosum valde imperfectum hac

atque illac coalescentibus.

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 415

Very similar to var. Fosbergii proper but with lower leaf-surfaces

more or less tardily glabrescent, their very numerous white setae

strongly appressed and finally often coalescing here and there into

a very thin, somewhat scurfy, highly imperfect integument.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 10,956, in moderately dry

locality, ravine northwest of Puu Makaliilii, Molokai, May 21,

1928 (Field); Degener 10,959, in forest, ravine just south of Mauna-

hui, Molokai, Apr. 15, 1928 (type, Field).

The specimens cited would seem sufficiently distinct from var.

Fosbergii proper to warrant separate varietal status if the strikingly

peculiar character of pubescence were more constant. Var. Fosbergii

proper, however, shows at times small bits of the same scurfy

pubescence that occurs here. Hence a separation of the two forms

must depend upon the comparative amounts of pubescence on the

mature leaves.

Pittosporum insigne var. Hillebrandii (Lévl.) comb. nov.;

Pittosporum Hiullebrandii Lévl. Fedde Repert. 10: 121. 1911.

Specimens examined (all from Isl. Molokai): Otto Degener 10,977,

in open woods, near Brown’s Ranch, eastern Molokai, Oct. 14, 1927

(Berl.; Deg.; Field); Abbé Urbain Faurie 10, Pukoo, May, 1910

(Arn.; Del.); Faurie 15, same locality and date (Arn.; Del., 2 sheets);

Faurie 16, same locality, June, 1910 (Arn.; Del., 2 sheets); Faurie

17, same locality, May, 1910 (type, Par.: cotype, Bish.); Charles N.

Forbes 299-Mo, same locality, July, 1912 (Berl.; Bish.; Field, 2

sheets); F. R. Fosberg 13,364, tree 5 meters tall, alt. 850 meters,

in rain-forest, on sloping plateau east of Mapulehu Valley, December

23, 1936 (Bish.; Field); Joseph F. Rock 7,002, Wailau Pali, April,

1910 (Arn., 2 sheets; Berl.; Bish.; Field); Rock 7,007, same locality

and date (Bish.).

Some specimens of var. Hillebrandii offer an illusory resemblance

to P. glabrum var. spathulatum but must not be equated with that

plant, since var. Hillebrandii has usually larger fruits (these more

often oblong in outline, not more often broader than long), their

faces more rugose and much less tomentose or even glabrate. Its

leaf-habit, too, is usually somewhat different.

Pittosporum insigne micranthum var. nov.—Folia plerum-

que paulo minora lamina sub 11 cm. longa et sub 5 cm. lata, supra

parce nitida. Inflorescentiae axis sub 2.5 em. longus; bracteis

lineari-subulatis tomentosis vel irregulariter glabratis 3-4 mm.

longis; sepalis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis, tomentosis vel extus saepe

416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

glabratis, circ. 2 mm. longis; corollae tubo tantum circ. 6-7 mm.

longo, lobis cire. 2-2.5 mm. longis. Capsula minus rugosa, primum

tomentosa mox subglabrata, +2.8 cm. longa et +1.5 cm. lata;

seminibus atris, valde perspicueque tuberculatis, +6.5 mm. longis

et +5.5 mm. latis.

Leaves commonly a little smaller, blade under 11 cm. long and

under 5 em. wide, scarcely glossy above. Axis of inflorescence

under 2.5 em. long; bracts linear-subulate, tomentose or irregularly

glabrate, 3-4 mm. long; sepals ovate or ovate-oblong, tomentose or

outwardly often glabrate, about 2 mm. long; corolla’s tube only

about 6-7 mm. long, lobes about 2-2.5 mm. long. Capsule less

rugose, at first tomentose presently subglabrate, +2.3 cm. long and

+1.5 em. wide; seeds black, strongly and conspicuously tuberculate,

+6.5 mm. long and +5.5 mm. wide.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 10,963, in arid lava region,

Ulupalakua, East Maui, June 28, 1927 (Berl.; Deg.; Field, 2 sheets) ;

Charles N. Forbes 1,800—M, on south slope of Haleakala, Kanaio,

East Maui, Mar. 1, 1920 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Berl.; Field).

Pittosporum insigne pelekunuanum var. nov.—Ramus

(parte terminali sub 5 cm. longa visa) etiam gemma terminalis dense

albido-tomentulosa. Folia (tantum 2 principalia visa) magna,

petiolo +2.3 cm. longo; lamina oblonga vel obovato-oblonga, apice

breviter acuminata, basim versus subabrupte angustata, demum

plus minusve glabrescenti (paucis setis reliquis solitariis vel confertis

valde adpressis saepius argenteo-nitidis), +2.9 dm. longa et +9-10

em. lata, supra sublaevi et non nitida. Capsula (unica matura visa)

cireumambitu oblonga, rugosa et sulcata, dense fulvo- vel albo-

tomentulosa, circ. 2.2 em. longa et circ. 1.6 cm. lata.

Branch (terminal portion less than 5 em. long seen) also terminal

bud densely whitish-tomentulose. Leaves (only two principal ones

seen) large, petiole +2.3 cm. long; blade oblong or obovate-oblong,

at apex shortly acuminate, toward base subabruptly narrowed, finally

more or less glabrescent (the few remaining setae solitary or clustered,

much appressed, more often silvery-glossy), +2.9 dm. long and +9-

10 cm. wide, above smoothish and not glossy. Capsule (a single

mature one seen) oblong in outline, rugose and sulcate, densely

brownish- or white-tomentulose, about 2.2 em. long and about 1.6

cm. wide.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 586-Mo, Pelekunu

Valley, Molokai, September, 1912 (type, Bish.).

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 417

In eastern Molokai Pittosporum sulcatum, through its var.

Remy, and P. insigne, through its vars. Fosbergii and Hillebrandii,

tend to approach each other somewhat, possibly through hybridiza-

tion. Thus, for example, several specimens referred to P. sulcatwm

var. Remyi (e.g., Forbes 250-Mo) because of leaf characters have

capsules more typical of the average ones found in P. insigne var.

Fosbergit. Forbes 586—Mo represents, however, a plant that cannot

well be accounted for as an intermediate. Its leaves are much too

large to suggest either species. The type has two leaves left sub-

stantially intact and a portion of a third. They are so large as to

suggest leaves of juvenile or second-growth shoots found in some

other arborescent genera, but they are borne on an apparently

normal, older branch. Then, too, they are accompanied by the

single ripe and partly opened capsule (this unattached and filed in

packet on sheet). We have also the consideration that Forbes was

a careful collector and would doubtless never have obtained atypic

leaves without making a note to that effect. It is unfortunate that

no flowers were obtained, but on the basis of the evidence at hand

the plant seems best construed as a very large-leaved variety of

P. insigne, with the fruit densely tomentulose.

Pittosporum kahananum sp. nov.—Frutex laxus vel arbor

patens. Folia numerosa ad et subverticillate infra ramorum apices

conferta, sicca brunneo-viridia, petiolo glabro 0.8-2 em. longo,

lamina oblongo-obovata, coriacea, apice rotundata vel obtusa,

margine revoluta, nascente dense adpresso-hispida, supra mox

glabra atque impresse reticulato-venosa, infra subperspicue elevato-

venosa et demum glabrescente vel moderate vel etiam densissime

adpresso-hispida setis albis vel brunneis, 4-8 em. longa et 1.2-2.5 em.

lata. Inflorescentiae caulinae et axillares, sessiles, 1—8-florae.

Tantum flores masculini visi. Bracteae nunc ovatae nunc subulatae,

pubescentes vel glabrescentes, sub 4 mm. longae. Pedicelli tomen-

tosi, crassi, +2 mm. longi. Sepala subanguste vel late ovata, apice

acuminata vel obtusa, extus moderate adpresso-hispida, margine

scariosa, 3.5-4.5 mm. longa. Petala 5 (raro 6), saepius distincta,

alba, 12-13 mm. longa (parte terminali expansa oblonga +4 mm.

longa inclusa). Stamina gracilia, +6.5 mm. longa, pistillo subae-

qualia vel etiam aequalia. Capsula (unica visa) ovoidea; valvis

demum planis, basi subcordato-truncatis, extus valde rugosis et

suleatis aliter plus minusve glabris circ. 3.5 em. longis et 2—2.3 cm.

latis. Semina intense nigra, angulata et paulum scrobiculata, cire.

6.5-7 mm. longa, 5-5.5 mm. lata, 2.5-8 mm. crassa.

418 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

Loose shrub or spreading tree. Leaves numerous, clustered at

and subverticillately below tips of branches, brownish-green when

dry, petiole glabrous and 0.8-2 cm. long; blade oblong-obovate,

coriaceous, at apex rounded or obtuse, at margin revolute, when

nascent densely appressed-hispid, above presently glabrous and

impressedly reticulate-veiny, below somewhat conspicuously salient-

veiny and finally glabrescent or moderately or even very densely

appressed-hispid with white or brown setae, 4-8 cm. long and

1.2-2.5 em. wide. Inflorescences cauline and axillary, sessile, 1-8-

flowered. Only staminate flowers seen. Bracts now ovate now

subulate, pubescent or glabrescent, under 4 mm. long. Pedicels

tomentose, thick, +2 mm. long. Sepals subnarrowly or broadly

ovate, at apex acuminate or obtuse, moderately appressed-hispid

outside, at margin scarious, 3.5-4.5 mm. long. Petals 5 (rarely 6),

more often distinct, white, 12-13 mm. long (including expanded

terminal portion, this oblong and +4 mm. long). Stamens slender,

+6.5 mm. long, subequal or even equal to pistil in length. Capsule

(a single one seen) ovoid; valves finally flat, at base subcordate-

truncate, externally very rugose and sulcate, otherwise more or less

glabrous, about 3.5 em. long and 2-2.3 cm. wide. Seeds intensely

lustrous-black, angled and somewhat wrinkled, about 6.5-7 mm.

long, 5-5.5 mm. wide, 2.5-3 mm. thick.

Specimens examined: F. R. Fosberg 12,248, loose shrub 1 meter

tall, flowers cream-white, odor not pleasant, on steep, wet, exposed,

bushy slope, alt. 750 meters, Waikane-Schofield Trail, Kahana, Isl.

Oahu, Jul. 27, 1935 (Bish.; Field); Harold Saint John 10,152, spread-

ing tree, flowers white, alt. 2,400 feet, near the divide, Waikane-

Schofield Trail, Kahana, Jan. 19, 1980 (type, Bish.).

The leaf-shape and fruit are much the same as in Puttosporum

sulcatum. The leaves are very different, however, in that many

of them retain a usually dense coating of innumerable, more or less

coalesced, white or brown hairs. P. sulcatum has glabrous adult

leaves and its var. Remyi has at the most a very few hairs on the

lower leaf-surfaces. P. cauliflorum var. fulvum is occasionally

rather small-leaved and then may superficially resemble P. kaha-

nanum. That variety can be told at once, however, by the dense

tomentum on the younger parts and often on the lower surfaces

of the older leaves, also by the tomentose capsules. In P. kahananum

the hairs are fewer and straighter, justifying the term hispid rather

than tomentose, and the capsules are essentially glabrous (though

rugose).

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 419

Pittosporum napaliense sp. nov.—Arbor +6.5 m. alta, caule

+2 dm. crasso. Folia magna paucaque, alterna vel saepius sub-

verticillate ad vel prope ramorum apices disposita, graciliter petiolata

petiolo 2-5.5 cm. longo; lamina nunc oblanceolato-oblonga nunc

late obovato-oblonga, apice obtusa vel breviter subacuminata, basi

cuneata, submembranacea, supra coriacea saepe nitida mox glabra

pallidaque venis non perspicue impressis, infra adpresso-setosa vel

porrigini-strigosa setis acribus atque argenteo-albidis demum plus

minusve glabrata, saepius 1.5-2 dm. longa et 5-8.5 em. lata. In-

florescentia subumbelliformis nunc terminalis nunc axillaris vel

caulina, dense tomentosa, pedunculo plerumque 1-8 (rarius usque

ad 5) em. longo. Flores numerosi (saepe 20-30), pedicellis 3-7 mm.

longis. Bracteae nunc ovato-lanceolatae nunc lanceolato-lineares,

4-8 mm. longae. Sepala tomentosa late ovata, obtusa, 4—-5.5 mm.

longa. Corolla glabra, tubo tantum cire. 7-8 mm. longo, lobis

patentibus ovatis +5 mm. longis. Ovarium anguste ovatum, dense

tomentosum, 3-4 mm. longum; stylo subaequaliter longo, prope

apicem glabro. Stamina sterilia circ. 3-3.5 mm. longa, fertilia

ignota. Capsula tantum circ. 1.5 em. longa (stylo gracili cire. 3.5

mm. longo excluso) et lata, moderate obcompressa, utrinque truncata

vel subcordata, tomento griseo-brunneo brevi denso vestita vel

demum irregulariter glabrescens nigrescensque. Semina nigra,

irregulariter angulata, 5.5-6.5 mm. longa.

Tree +6.5 meters tall, stem +2 dm. thick. Leaves large and few,

alternate or more often subverticillately disposed at or near tips

of branches, slenderly petiolate, petiole 2-5.5 em. long; blade now

oblanceolate-oblong now widely obovate-oblong, at apex obtuse or

shortly subacuminate, at base cuneate, submembranaceous, above

coriaceous often glossy presently glabrous and pallid with veins not

conspicuously impressed, below appressed-setose or scurfy-strigose

with sharp and silvery-whitish setae but finally more or less glabrate,

more often 1.5-2 dm. long and 5-8.5 em. wide. Inflorescence

subumbelliform, now terminal now axillary or cauline, densely

tomentose, peduncle commonly 1-3 (more rarely up to 5) cm.

long. Flowers numerous (often 20-30), pedicels 3-7 mm. long.

Bracts now ovate-lanceolate now lanceolate-linear, 4-8 mm. long.

Sepals tomentose, widely ovate, obtuse, 4-5.5 mm. long. Corolla

glabrous, tube only about 7-8 mm. long; lobes spreading, ovate,

+5 mm. long. Ovary narrowly ovate, densely tomentose, 3-4 mm.

long, subequal to style in length, glabrous near apex. Stamens:

sterile about 3-3.5 mm. long, fertile unknown. Capsule only about

1.5 cm. long (excluding the slender style, this about 3.5 mm. long)

420 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

and wide, moderately obcompressed, at both ends truncate or

subeordate, clothed with dense short gray-brown tomentum or

finally irregularly glabrescent and darkening. Seeds glossy-black,

irregularly angulate, 5.5-6.5 mm. long.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener & Emilio Ordottez 12,616,

forest tree, 20 feet tall, Hanakoa, Napali Coast, Isl. Kauai, Dec. 24,

1939 (Berl.; Deg.; Field, 3 sheets); Harold Saint John & F. R.

Fosberg 13,864, tree, 20 feet tall, trunk 8 inches in diameter, leaves

firm, clear-green above, silvery-green beneath, common in moist

woods, alt. 500 feet, Hanakapiai, Hoolulu Stream, Napali District,

northwest Kauai, Dec. 30, 1983 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Berl.; Field,

2 sheets; Kew).

Easily recognized by its large, thinnish leaves, which are more

or less whitish-strigose beneath, its proportionately large calyces

or small corollas, and its small capsules. These last are somewhat

tuberculate-rugose if and when they shed their tomentum, but do

not become deeply grooved; their valves finally have at most a

shallow, median, lengthwise furrow.

Pittosporum sulcatum Rumicifolium var. nov.—Frutex

forsitan interdum arbuscula +2.5 m. alta. Folia numerosa ad

ramorum apices disposita, sicca brunneo-viridia, petiolo gracili

1.5-8.5 em. longo, lamina anguste spathulato-oblanceolata, apice

acuta vel sensim attenuata, basi elongate attenuata, supra coriacea

et minute impresso-reticulata, infra manifeste elevato-venosa,

primum (immaturissima) dense adpresso-pilosa mox glabrata vel

glabra, 6-18 cm. longa et 1-2.5 cm. lata. Flores ignoti. Pedunculi

caulini vel terminales demum usque ad 5 vel 8 mm. longi, pedicellis

3-6 mm. longis. Capsula glabra glabratave; valvis 1.8-2.5 cm.

longis latisque.

Shrub or perhaps at times a small tree, +2.5 meters tall. Leaves

numerous, disposed at tips of branches, brownish-green when dry,

petiole slender and 1.5-8.5 cm. long; blade narrowly spatulate-

oblanceolate, at apex acute or gradually attenuate, at base elongately

attenuate, above coriaceous and minutely impressed-reticulate, below

manifestly salient-veiny, at first (when very immature) densely

appressed-pilose, presently glabrate or glabrous, 6-13 cm. long and

1-2.5 em. wide. Flowers unknown. Peduncles cauline or terminal,

finally up to 5 or 8 mm. long, pedicels 3-6 mm. long. Capsule

glabrous or glabrate; valves 1.8-2.5 cm. long and wide. |

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 11,005 pro parte, in sunny

rain-forest, above Pauoa Flats, Honolulu, Isl. Oahu, Jul. 3, 1923

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 421

(N.Y.); F. R. Fosberg 8,973, bush 2.5 meters tall, in wet forest, alt.

680 meters, peak at head of Pauoa Flats, Pauoa, Oct. 30, 1932

(type, Field); Joseph F. Rock 10,073, Manoa Valley, Oahu, Sep-

tember, 1912 (Bish.; Gray).

In its more slender and somewhat more congested leaves, this

variety appears sufficiently separable from P. sulcatwm proper, to

which it is allied in its glabrous or glabrate capsules. In the shape

of its leaves, however, it is closer to var. Remyi.

Pittosporum dolosum sp. nov.—Arbor +5 m. alta. Folia

terminaliter conferta, saepe suberecta, sicca brunneo-viridia vel

rufulo-brunnea, petiolo 1-8 cm. longo, lamina spathulato-obovata,

basi subelongato-cuneata, apice plus minusve acuminata, facie

superiore mox glabra subcoriacea saepe nitida minute impresso-

reticulata, margine minute ac saepe grosse revoluta, facie inferiore

manifeste elevato-venosa primum (juvenissima) hispida mox fere

glabrata sed plerumque sparsissime adpresso-setosa, 8-12 em. longa

et 2-4.3 cm. lata. Inflorescentia +5-flora, caulina vel raro termi-

nalis. Pedunculus tomentosus, 4-6 mm. longus; bracteis lineari-

subulatis, subglabratis, sub 5 mm. longis; pedicellis tomentosis,

3-5 mm. longis. Sepala ovata, pubescentia, 3-5 mm. longa. Corollae

tubus 7-9 mm. longus, lobis circ. 5 mm. longis. Capsula oblongo-

ovoidea vel cordato-ovoidea, rugosa suleataque, demum glabrata

vel sparsissime pubescens, 1.6-2.7 cm. longa stylo persistente +3

mm. longo excluso et +2 cm. lata. Semina atra, plana vel subplana,

laevia, 7-8 mm. longa.

Tree +5 meters tall. Leaves crowded at tips of branches, often

suberect, brownish-green or reddish-brown when dry, petiole 1-38 cm.

long; blade spatulate-obovate, at base subelongate-cuneate, at apex

more or less acuminate, at margin minutely also often coarsely

revolute, 8-12 cm. long and 2-4.3 cm. wide; upper surface presently

glabrous, subcoriaceous, often glossy, minutely impressed-reticulate;

lower surface manifestly salient-veiny, at first (when very young)

hispid, presently almost glabrate but commonly very sparsely ap-

pressed-setose. Inflorescence +5-flowered, cauline or rarely terminal.

Peduncle tomentose, 4-6 mm. long; bracts linear-subulate, sub-

glabrate, under 5 mm. long; pedicels tomentose, 3-5 mm. long.

Sepals ovate, pubescent, 3-5 mm. long. Corolla’s tube 7-9 mm.

long, lobes about 5 mm. long. Capsule oblong-ovoid or cordate-

ovoid, rugose and sulcate, finally glabrate or very sparsely pubescent,

1.6-2.7 em. long (the persistent, +3 mm. long style excluded) and

+2 cm. wide. Seeds black, flat or flattish, smooth, 7-8 mm. long.

422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

Specimens examined (all from Isl. Oahu): Otto Degener, Kwan

Kee Park, & Manuel Kwon 11,008, in rain-forest, Pig-God Trail,

Punaluu, Jan. 17, 1982 (Deg.; Field; with foliar aspect of P. sulcatum

and perhaps hybridized); Abbé Urbain Faurie 9, alt. 800 meters,

Punaluu, May, 1910 (Arn.; Del.); Charles N. Forbes, between

Punaluu and Kaipapau, Koolauloa Mts., Nov. 14-21, 1908 (Bish.);

Forbes & Dr. C. M. Cooke, Jr., same locality, May 3-8, 1909 (Berl.;

Bish.; Field); Forbes, with C. L. Thompson, same locality, May 8-18,

1909 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); F. R. Fosberg 9,540, tree 5 meters tall,

in wet forest, alt. 740 meters, divide between Kahana and Waianae

Uka, Waikane-Schofield Trail, May 14, 1933 (Bish.; Field, 2 sheets);

Joseph F. Rock, Koolau Mts., 1908 (Arn.); Rock 23 (173), same

locality, Dec. 3-14, 1908 (Field); Rock 23 (392), Punaluu, Dec. 24—

29, 1908 (Field); Rock 23 (781), same locality, Dec. 3-14, 1908

(Kew); Rock 170, Punaluu Mts., Dec. 3-14, 1908 (Bish.); Rock

418, same locality, Dec. 24, 1908 (type, Gray: cotype, Bish.);

Rock 535, above the Valley of Kaliuwaa, Punaluu, Dec. 24, 1908

(Arn.); Harold Saint John 10,584, on crest of ridge, alt. 2,200 feet,

Punaluu, Sept. 28, 1930 (Bish.; N.Y.); Olof H. Selling 3,676, Punaluu,

Sept. 27, 1938 (Goth.).

Rock, who had collected this species in the vicinity of Punaluu,

northeastern Oahu, referred it to P. spathulatum Mann, by which

he meant the recently named P. sulcatum. From typical P. sulcatum

it differs in having its leaves mostly with a few scattered, appressed

hairs on the lower surface, their venation usually more pronounced,

their color usually more brownish or reddish-brown when dried,

their position more nearly ascending or erect and their arrangement

more compact, their margins more often loosely rolled underneath

(independently of and in addition to the minute revoluteness present

in most Pittosporum species), etc. The hairs of the lower surface

may be lacking on several leaves but nearly always show on some,

now toward the base now toward the tip but more consistently along

the midvein. The geographic distribution appears restricted to

the mountains of the Land-Section Punaluu and of the area slightly

southwest.

Pittosporum dolosum aquilonium var. nov.—Frutex +2 m.

altus forsitan arbuscula. Folia elongatiora, petiolo usque ad 4 em.

longo, lamina usque ad 2 dm. longa et 5 cm. lata, apice saepius

acuminata. Ovarium dense tomentosum. Capsula matura sub-

glabrata.

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 423

Shrub +2 meters tall or perhaps becoming a small tree. Leaves

more elongate, petiole up to 4 em. long; blade up to 2 dm. long and

5 cm. wide, at apex more often acuminate. Ovary densely tomen-

tose. Mature capsule subglabrate.

Specimens examined (all from Isl. Oahu): Otto Degener, Emilio

Ordonez, & J. Kepaa 12,779, in woods, Peahinaia Trail, Apr. 28,

1940 (Deg.; Field); F. R. Fosberg 8,850, bush, 2 meters tall, in wet

forest, alt. 500 meters, South Ridge, South Helemanu Gulch, Paalaa,

Koolau Mts., Sept. 25, 1938 (Bish.; Field); Frank Kitamura, on

open, moist slope, alt. 1,450 feet, ridge of South Opaeula Gulch,

Paalaa, Sept. 24, 1933 (Bish.); Harold Morley 19, in moderate

forest, alt. 1,600 feet, ridge south of South Opaeula Gulch, Paalaa,

Sept. 24, 1933 (Bish.); Amy Suehiro, South Opaeula Ridge, Sept. 25,

1935 (type, Bish.).

The leaves commonly retain a few appressed setae close to the

midvein, on the lower surface, and thus suggest P. sulcatum var.

Remyi. They average much larger, however, than in that variety;

moreover, the mature capsules are subglabrate, not pubescent, in

most of the large and small surface grooves. They are approached

in size by those found on some specimens of P. sulcatwm proper

of the Kaala region in Oahu. The numerous Kaala specimens ex-

amined for P. sulcatum proper, however, invariably have the leaves

glabrous on both surfaces when mature. The foliar habit seems to

place the type plant most logically as a variety under P. dolosum,

from which it can be told easily by its larger leaves. These have

blades mostly 12-20 em. not 8-12 cm. long. Var. aquilonium,

furthermore, grows considerably west of the divide of the Koolau

Mountains, while P. dolosum itself grows on the eastern side.

Pittosporum Forbesii sp. nov.—Rami novelli pubescentes.

Folia numerosa, ramorum apices versus conferta, petiolata petiolo

subgracili 5-13 mm. longo; lamina obovata vel late oblongo-oblanceo-

lata, apice obtusa vel rotunda, basi cuneato-angustata, plerumque

5-8 em. longa et 1.8-8 cm. lata, primum dense tomentosa tomento

rufo-brunneo vel mox argenteo, demum supra (rarius etiam infra)

irregulariter vel omnino glabra. Flores ignoti. Inflorescentiae

fructiferae caulinae, breviter (circ. 5-7 mm.) pedunculatae, pedicellis

tantum 1-3 mm. longis. Capsula parva, 1.5-2 cm. longa, circum-

ambitu oblongo-ovata; valvis demum planis, obovatis, sub 2 cm.

latis, extus primum tuberculatis ac dense albido-tomentosis demum

fere glabratis et non tuberculatis sed sub vitro lenticulariformi

multum minuteque convolutis. Semina intense atra, crassa, 4-5 mm.

424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

longa, omnino vel faciebus exceptis rugosa convolutaque. Stylus

primum vix 2 mm. longus, demum (pro capsulae rostro) circ. 1-1.5

mm. longus.

Nascent branches pubescent. Leaves numerous, crowded toward

tips of branches, their somewhat slender petiole 5-138 mm. long;

blade obovate or widely oblong-oblanceolate, at apex obtuse or

rounded, at base cuneate-narrowed, commonly 5-8 cm. long and 1.8-

3 cm. wide, at first densely tomentose with reddish-brown or presently

silvery tomentum, finally above (more rarely also below) irregularly

or entirely glabrous. Flowers unknown. Fruit-bearing inflores-

cences cauline, shortly (about 5-7 mm.) pedunculate, pedicels only

1-8 mm. long. Capsule small, 1.5-2 cm. long, in outline oblong-

ovate; valves finally flat, obovate, under 2 cm. wide, outwardly

at first tuberculate and densely whitish-tomentose finally almost

glabrate and not tuberculate but under a lens much and minutely

convoluted. Seeds intensely black, thick, 4-5 mm. long, rugose and

convoluted all over unless on faces. Style at first scarcely 2mm. long,

finally (as a capsular beak) about 1-1.5 mm. long.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 122—Mo, on slopes of

Puu Kolekole, Molokai, July, 1912 (type, Bish.).

Probably best regarded as a sister species to Pittosporum Termi-

nalioides, a species not known as yet from the Island of Molokai.

Indeed, the collector, Mr. Forbes, wrote of it on the type sheet:

“Probably related to P. terminaloides [sic]. May benew. Glabrous

small capsule. No flowers yet.’ P. Terminalioides is a species

which usually can be identified rather easily and yet which varies

so much in most of its characters as to invalidate most positions

assigned to it in a key. It is probably best separated from P.

Forbesti, aside from geographic considerations, by the upper surfaces

of the leaves. These as a rule are soon glabrous or glabrate, while

in P. Forbesii most of the upper leaf-surfaces retain over considerable

areas a thin coating of densely matted, silvery hairs.

The species is gratefully dedicated to Mr. Forbes, who, before

his unfortunate death some twenty years ago, had greatly assisted

my studies with the collection and lending of numerous Hawaiian

specimens.

Pittosporum argentifolium sp. nov.—Verisimiliter arbor

parva. Folia subverticillate ad propeque ramorum apices disposita,

oblongo-obovata vel -spathulata, crassiuscula, apice aegre acumi-

nata, basi in petiolum gracilem circ. 2-3 em. longum angustata,

primum (saltem facie inferiore) densissime strigoso-tomentosa (pilis

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 425

fulvis argenteisve), demum supra glabrata et impresso-venosa infra

densissime strigoso-tomentosa vel porrigini-strigosa (pilis argenteo-

albis et saepe in integumentum tenuissimum partim transformatis)

vel pro minima parte glabrata, lamina 1-2.5 dm. longa et 3-7 em.

lata. Inflorescentiae raro terminales plerumque axillares vel

secundum ramos dispositae, tomentosae, superiores sessiles multi-

(+20-) florae axe usque ad circ. 1.5 em. longo, inferiores pauci-

(+10-) florae pedunculatae pedunculo 1-2 em. longo. Pedicelli

3-6 mm. longi; bracteis lineari-subulatis, circ. 7-8 mm. longis. Sepala

ovata, fulvo- vel albo-tomentosa, +4 mm. longa. Corollae tubus

+6 mm. longus. Capsula obcompressa, cireumambitu horizontaliter

oblonga, +2 cm. longa et +2.6 cm. lata; valvis extus non vel vix

dorsali-depressis, minutissime tomentellis, parce rugulosis (itaque

P. glabri var. spathulati valvis valde similibus).

Probably a small tree. Leaves disposed subverticillately at and

near the tips of the branches, oblong-obovate or -spatulate, some-

what thickish, at apex weakly acuminate, at base narrowed into a

slender petiole about 2-8 cm. long, at first (at least on lower face)

very densely strigose-tomentose (with brown or silvery hairs),

finally on upper surface glabrate and impressed-veiny but on lower

surface very densely strigose-tomentose or scurfy-strigose (hairs

silvery-white and often partly transformed into a very thin integu-

ment) or for a very small part glabrate, blade 1-2.5 dm. long and

3-7 cm. wide. Inflorescences rarely terminal, commonly axillary or

variously disposed along branches, tomentose; upper ones sessile,

many- (+20-) flowered, axis up to about 1.5 cm. long; lower ones

few- (+10-) flowered, pedunculate, the peduncle 1-2 cm. long.

Pedicels 83-6 mm. long; bracts linear-subulate, about 7-8 mm. long.

Sepals ovate, brown- or yellow-tomentose, +4 mm. long. Corolla-

tube +6 mm. long. Capsule obcompressed, in outline horizontally

oblong, +2 em. long and +2.6 cm. wide; valves externally not or

scarcely dorso-depressed, very minutely tomentellous, slightly

rugulose (thus strongly similar to the valves of P. glabrum var.

spathulatum).

_ Specimens examined: William Hullebrand 304, Mt. Haleakala,

East Maui (Kew); Joseph F. Rock 8,656, alt. 3,000 feet, Auahi

(Auwahi), East Maui, November, 1910 (type, Arn.: cotypes, Arn.;

Berl.; Bish.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray).

This is undoubtedly the same plant as that “collected by Lydgate

on the south side of Haleakala” and cited by Hillebrand (Fl. Haw.

Isls. 27. 1888) for his ‘‘8 var.? argentewm’”’ which he placed under

426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

his new Pittosporum hawaiiense, described from the forests of Kona

and Kohala of the Island of Hawaii. P. hawaziense was the tenth

and last species of Pittosporum in Hillebrand’s text. His ninth

species was P. confertiflorum Gray, to which this is closer in most

respects. In fact, Rock had labeled his collection of no. 8,656 (7.e.,

the type collection of P. argentifolium), P. confertiflorum (on label

of type in Arn.). Hillebrand, long previous to writing his Flora

of the Hawaiian Islands (and at least prior to July, 1865), had like-

wise labeled his own no. 304 as P. confertiflorum.! From P. con-

fertiflorum, P. argentifolium differs at once in its mostly larger leaves

and in having the young shoots not conspicuously tawny- or brown-

tomentose, but, instead, rather moderately whitish-strigose. The

pedicels of P. argentifolium are 3-6 not 6-12 mm. long, and the leaves

in age have underneath a thinner investiture of pubescence. This

consists of hairs that are less curved, more appressed, and at times

passing more or less into a membranous scurf that in places may

eventually slough away.

Pittosporum argentifolium sessile var. nov.—Folia saepe

paulo minora, pubescentia faciei inferioris magis porriginosa etiam

cuti non dissimili. Flores non vel brevissime (+2 mm.) pedicellati,

pedunculo saepius brevi et sub 5 mm. longo. Capsulae valvae

demum obcordatae, plus minusve tomentellae, planae vel undulatae

sed non valde rugosae vel tuberculatae.

Leaves often a little smaller, pubescence of lower surface more

scurfy and even similar to a cuticle. Flowers not or very shortly

(+2 mm.) pedicellate, peduncle more often short and under 5 mm.

long. Capsular valves finally obcordate, more or less tomentellous,

flat or undulate but not strongly rugose or tuberculate.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 1,786-M, Kanaio, south

slope of Haleakala, East Maui, Mar. 1, 1920 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.;

Field) ; Forbes 1,964—-M, Auwahi, south slope of Haleakala, Mar. 14,

1920 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray); Forbes 1,981—M, south slope of

Haleakala, Mar. 15, 1920 (Bish.); Forbes 2,052—-M, flowers cream-

white, very fragrant, Auwahi, Mar. 20, 1920 (Berl.; Bish.; Field);

Forbes 2,062-M, Pakiloi, south slope of Haleakala, Mar. 23, 1920

(Bish.); Forbes 2,064-M, same place and date (type, Bish.).

Very similar to the species proper, except in its more or less sessile

florets and fruits, these clustered on a commonly very short pedun-

1That Hillebrand failed to mention his own no. 304 in publishing the name

argenteum may be explained by the fact that his plant had been sent to the Hooker

Herbarium (where it was received in July, 1865, and later accessioned in the

Kew Herbarium) and was therefore not at hand.

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 427

cle. Rarely one or two fruiting pedicels have elongated to about

6 mm.

Pittosporum argentifolium Rockii var. nov.—A specie ipsa

capsulis grosse tuberculatis vel rugosis cireumambitu ovatis vel

cordato-ovatis +2.3 cm. longis et +2 cm. latis differt.

Unlike the species proper in its grossly tuberculate or rugose

capsules, these ovate or cordate-ovate in outline, +2.3 cm. long and

+2 cm. wide.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes, mountains above

Ukulele, East Maui (Bish.); Forbes 192-M, in woods near Ukulele,

above Olinda, July, 1910 (Bish.); Joseph F. Rock, Haleakala, above

Ukulele, September, 1910 (Gray); Rock 8,610, Ukulele, October,

1910 (type, Arn.: cotypes, Arn.; Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field, 2 sheets;

N.Y.); Gerrit P. Wilder, Maui, 1913 (Bish.).

Rock, for whom this variety is named, had labeled one of his

specimens (Herb. Gray) P. confertiflorum, a species to which he

had referred also, as above seen, specimens of P. argentifolium

proper. In his Indigenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands (p. 161.

1913) he states: “The capsules of P. confertiflorwm from the various

localities have all possible shapes and forms, but can not be separated

successfully into varieties. It will have to remain a polymorphous

species.””’ The specimens of P. argentifoliwm proper all were collected,

so far as definitely known, at or near Auwahi, near the west end of

the southern slope of Mt. Haleakala, in East Maui. Their capsules

are of the smoothish (7.e., not rugose or strongly tuberculate) type

such as is found in P. glabrum and its var. spathulatum. The speci-

mens here segregated as var. Rockii came from the other side of

the same mountain, at the junction of the northeast and northwest

slopes. These have capsules of the rugose or strongly tuberculate

type such as is found in P. sulcatum. Moreover, the capsules are

ovate or cordate-ovate in outline, not, as in the species proper,

transversely oblong. It seems that the two sets of plants are varietally

different, regardless of whatever polymorphism may be proved to

exist among the capsules of true P. confertiflorwm.!

Pittosporum cladanthum ¢gracilipes var. nov.—Foliorum

tenuiorum obovatorum vel spathulato-obovatorum magnitudine

1 Rock (loc. cit.) omits all mention of P. hawaiiense ‘“‘var. 8? argenteum’”’

Hillebr., which, as already remarked above, was undoubtedly equivalent to

P. argentifolium proper. It may therefore be assumed that Rock overlooked

the other characters that are associated with those of the capsules in these two

endemic groups of specimens, namely, P. argentifolium and its var. Rockit.

428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

varietati reticulato venis pubescentiaque var. fulvo similis; lamina

6-12 cm. longa et 2.5-5 cm. lata. Flores (multi feminei visi) in

inflorescentia graciliter pedunculata pedunculo 1-1.7 em. longo et

primum vix 1 (quaamquam demum +4) mm. crasso, sessiles, breves;

sepalis acutis; corolla tantum circ. 6-7 mm. longa (parte dilatata

subrotunda terminali petalorum separatorum +2.5 mm. inclusa).

Capsula (unica matura visa) moderate rugosa, dense tomentulosa,

cire. 2 em. longa (rostro excluso) et vix 1.8 em. lata, seminibus

circ. 5-6 mm. longis.

Similar in size of the thin, obovate or spatulate-obovate leaves

to var. reticulatum but in their veins and pubescence to var. fulowm;

blade 6-12 cm. long and 2.5-5 cm. wide. Flowers (many pistillate

ones seen) short, sessile, in a slenderly pedunculate inflorescence,

peduncle 1-1.7 cm. long and at first scarcely 1 (but finally +4) mm.

thick; sepals acute; corolla only about 6-7 mm. long including the

terminal portion (this dilated, subrotund, +2.5 mm. long) of the

separate petals. Capsule (a single mature one seen) moderately

rugose, densely tomentulose, about 2 cm. long (beak excluded) and

scarcely 1.8 em. wide; seeds about 5-6 mm. long.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 380-L, Isl. Lanai,

September, 1917 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Berl.; Field).

Pittosporum confertiflorum longipes var. nov.—Folia lamina

9-17 cm. longa et 3.5-6.5 cm. lata, supra demum glabrata venis

exceptis infra perspicue venosa ac brunneo- vel rufo-brunneo-tomen-

tosa, apice acuminata. Flores ignoti. Inflorescentia terminalis vel

demum subterminalis, laxe racemosa, +15-flora, dense brunneo-

tomentosa, axe 2-7 cm. longo (pedunculo gracili usque ad +3.5 cm.

longo incluso), pedicellis gracilibus plerumque 1.3-3.3 cm. longis.

Capsula ignota.

Leaf-blade 9-17 cm. long and 3.5-6.5 cm. wide, on upper surface

finally glabrate excepting for the veins, on lower surface conspicu-

ously veiny and brown- or reddish-brown-tomentose, at apex

acuminate. Flowers unknown. Inflorescence terminal or finally

subterminal, loosely racemose, +15-flowered, densely brown-tomen-

tose, its axis 2-7 cm. long (including slender, up to +3.5 cm. long

peduncle), pedicels slender and commonly 1.3-3.3 em. long. Capsule

unknown.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 28—M, on ridges behind

Lahaina, West Maui, May, 1910 (type, Bish.: cotype, Field).

The type had been labeled at Bishop Museum as a new species,

with the observation that it was probably related to Pittosporum

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 429

confertiflorum. The leaf-characters combined with a terminal or

subterminal inflorescence suggest P. confertiflorum var. Mannii,

but the elongate peduncles, inflorescence-axes, and pedicels separate

it at once from that variety. The type has a cluster of five peduncles

at the tip of a single branch, each peduncle with several or many

pedicels. The cotype has one originally terminal inflorescence and,

about 1.5 cm. lower, an axillary inflorescence. As happens in so

many forms of Pittosporum, a subsequently developed terminal or

subterminal shoot has left the upper inflorescence on the cotype

subterminal. This shoot has some leaves nearly full-grown but still

retaining over most of their upper surface the original brownish

tomentum. The older leaves lower down, however, have become

completely glabrous above except along some of their veins.

It is unfortunate that flowers and fruits are not at hand. Until

they can be had, some doubt must exist, of course, as to the wisdom

of assigning this form a varietal status next to var. Mannwi, or

indeed under P. confertiflorum at all.

Pittosporum acuminatum waimeanum var. nov.

Folia tenuiora, lamina saepe 1.3-1.7 dm. longa et 4—6.5 em. lata,

non nitida, venulis supra obscuris; petiolo gracili 1-3.5 cm. longo;

pedunculis gracilibus plerumque 1-3.5 cm. longis, pauciter (saepius

1- vel 2-) bracteatis bracteis anguste subulatis 3-5 mm. longis;

sepalis late ovatis, magne ex parte brunneo-pubescentibus, circ.

3 mm. longis; capsula fere omnino brunneo-pubescenti.

Leaves thinner, blade often 1.3-1.7 dm. long and 4—6.5 cm. wide,

not glossy, the small nerves obscure above; petiole slender, 1—3.5 cm.

long; peduncles slender, commonly 1-3.5 em. long, few- (more often

1- or 2-) bracteate; bracts narrowly subulate, 3-5 mm. long; sepals

widely ovate, over much of their surface brown-pubescent, about

3 mm. long; capsule brown-pubescent nearly all over.

Specimens examined: Abbé Urbain Faurie 3, at altitude of 1,000

meters, Waimea, Isl. Kauai, March, 1910 (type, Par.: cotypes,

Arn.; Bish.; Del.).

Pittosporum Terminalioides lanaiense var. nov.—Folia

obovata, lamina 6-8 cm. longa et 2-4 cm. lata, petiolo +1 cm. longa.

Pedunculus demum usque ad cire. 2.6 cm. longus, floribus sub-

sessilibus. Capsulae minores, valvis circ. 1.5 cm. longis latisque,

parce rugulosis, tomentellis, non suleo mediano longitudinaliter

canaliculatis.

430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

Leaves obovate, blade 6-8 cm. long and 2-4 em. wide, petiole

+1 cm. long. Peduncle finally up to about 2.6 cm. long, the flowers

subsessile. Capsules smaller; valves about 1.5 cm. long and wide,

scarcely rugulose, tomentellous, lacking a lengthwise, median furrow.

Specimens examined: George C. Munro 333, Paoma, Isl. Lanai,

April 18, 1914 (type, Bish.); Munro 428, same locality and date

(Bish.).

The specimens cited had been labeled for P. Terminalioides but

are apparently quite distinct from the numerous specimens of

P. Terminalioides examined from Hawaii (to which island the

typical form of that species seemingly is restricted). The leaves

are proportionately broader and seem consistently small. The

capsules are small and lack the shallow, lengthwise, median furrow

that usually runs along each valve in the species proper.

Euphorbia Deppeana Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15": 12. 1862;

Anisophyllum californicum Kl. & Gke. Abh. Akad. Berl. Phys.

1859: 86. 1860 (non Bth.); Euphoria pauciflora Nutt. ex Seem. FI.

Vit. 1: 216. 1865-68 (non Duf. nec Hill); Euphorbia festiva Sherff,

Bot. Gaz. 97: 589. 1936; Chamaesyce festiva (Sherff) Croiz. & Deg.

ex Deg. Fl. Haw. Dec. 9, 1936.

This species is close to Euphorbia multiformis var. microphylla

Boiss. but appears to differ sufficiently in its leaves, these being at

base broadly subcordate or even moderately cordate, on each margin

commonly very obsoletely 1—8-denticulate. In E. multiformis var.

microphylla the leaves are more or less cuneately narrowed at base

and at the margins entire. As previously remarked by me (loc.

cit.), Nuttall had designated a plant collected by him on the Island

of Oahu as the type of a new species, EF’. pauciflora Nutt. (nec aliorum).

Later, Boissier, apparently overlooking the minute foliar teeth and

broader, more cordate leaf-bases, determined the Nuttall plant as

E. multiformis H. & A. In his subsequent revision of Euphorbia

for De Candolle’s Prodromus, however, Boissier set off a specifically

equivalent specimen as FE. Deppeana (p. 12). This latter specimen

had been collected by Deppe and was labeled as having come from

California. This citation of habitat clearly was erroneous, as in-

deed Boissier suspected, for he wrote: ““Annon potius ex similitudine

cum praecedentibus [8 speciebus sandwicensibus].... Sandwicensis?”’

Several years ago, during my revisional study of the Hawaiian

species of Euphorbia, the Berlin type of E. Deppeana was inaccessible

to me, it having been lent elsewhere, among the supposedly North

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 431

American specimens of the genus, for another revisional study. The

assumption was made perforce, therefore, that the plant collected

by Nuttall must be specifically different from E. Deppeana Boiss.,

especially so since Boissier himself had reduced the Nuttall plant

to E. multiformis but had proposed as new, E'. Deppeana. Recently,

Dr. Louis C. Wheeler, of the American University, very kindly

informed me that the Berlin type of E. Deppeana was still extant,

though still on loan, and that a fragment was at Field Museum

of Natural History. Mr. C. A. Weatherby, of Gray Herbarium,

has now supplied me with an excellent photograph of the type

sheet and fortunately the Field Museum type fragment (formerly

in Dr. C. F. Millspaugh’s private herbarium) has been found (de-

posited, as might have been expected, among the United States

specimens) and compared with it. They are not different from

E.. festiva, which must, therefore, fall into synonymy. It is interest-

ing to note, in passing, that this rare or perhaps no longer extant

species of the Hawaiian flora must henceforth commemorate the

name of Ferdinand Deppe, who was known because of his Mexican

collections and who seems never to have visited the Hawaiian

Islands.

Euphorbia multiformis var. manoana Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 97:

591. 1936.

In my monographic revision of the Euphorbiae of the Hawaiian

Islands (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 1-75, pls. 2-11. 1938) the

distribution of this variety was given as “Oahu, Lanai, and western

Hawaii.”’ Recently, material has been found from two more islands

of the Hawaiian archipelago: Rock & Hashimoto, Honokohau, West

Maui, August, 1918 (Arn.); Harold St. John et alti 12,719, Halawa,

Molokai (Field).

Labordia hirtella var. sororia Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25:

582. 1988.

This variety was based upon J. F. Rock 8,152 as its type. A

more fully labeled duplicate specimen at Arnold Arboretum has

Rock & Hammond given as the collectors of this no. 8,152. Besides

the originally published data we may note that the type material

grew at the bottom of Honokawai Gulch, was a small shrub, and

had its flowers pale lemon-colored.

Stenogyne macrantha amicarum Deg. & Sherff, var. nov.

Varietas varietati Grayi H. M. affinis sed foliis (rarius irregulariter

inciso-dentatis vel -lobatis) infra glabratis vel primum sparsim

482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

adpresso-hispidis, caulibus ramisve mox glabratis (ut videtur

primum valde adpresso- non patenti-retrorsis) differt. Verticillastra

(2 visa) 6-flora. Calyx glabratus, 6-8 mm. longus. Corolla flavus,

1.8-2.2 cm. longa.

A variety similar to var. Grayi H. M. but differs: Leaves (these

rather seldom irregularly incised-dentate or -lobate) glabrate beneath

or at first sparsely appressed-hispid; stems or branches presently

glabrate (apparently at first strongly appressed- not spreading-

retrorse). Floral whorls (2 observed) 6-flowered. Calyx glabrate,

6-8 mm. long. Corolla yellow, 1.8-2.2 cm. long.

Specimens examined: Mrs. Helen Shiras Baldwin (Otto Degener

distrib. no. 12,903), Makahanaloa, Isl. Hawaii, October, 1940

(Berl.; Deg.; Field); Miss Ethel Tomoguchi 2, alt. 2,000 feet, same

locality, February 22, 1940 (Field, a sterile branch, apparently of

younger hence pubescent material); eadem 3 (Otto Degener distrib.

no. 12,814), shrub or shrubby vine with yellow flowers, alt. 2,200

feet, same locality and date (type, Field).

Mrs. Helen Shiras Baldwin, of Hilo, Isl. Hawaii, under date of

May 1, 1940, enclosed with a letter to Mr. Otto Degener several

small specimens which had been collected by her “good friend Miss

Ethel Tomoguchi.”” Two of these belong to Stenogyne Benth. and

somewhat resemble in general habit specimens of S. Calaminthoides

A. Gray. The smaller, yellow flowers of the one flowering specimen

show, however, the affinity to be closer to S. macrantha Benth. In

my monograph of Stenogyne (Bull. Bish. Mus. 186: 59. 1935), this

material would run next to S. macrantha var. Grayi H. Mann under

the second 7, second 7 on page 61 and first b, first c on page 90. From

that variety it differs in the characters noted.!. The name amicarum

is accorded this variety in allusion to the two ladies whose mutual

friendship resulted in the sending of the type and associate material

for our study and determination.

More recently Mrs. Baldwin has collected a large suite of addi-

tional specimens in the type locality. They lack flowers, but other-

wise match the earlier specimens, except that three of them are

anomalous in having all the leaf-blades a third or a half smaller in

length and width and incisedly dentate or lobed even to the rachis.

In S. Scrophularioides Benth. similarly dissected leaf-blades occur,

in fact normally, but apparently as a rule toward the base of the stem.

1S. macrantha var. Grayi H. Mann was founded upon a single specimen,

Jules Remy 381, Isl. Hawaii, 1851-55 (Herb. Gray). My photograph of that

type shows the branches to be, even at the flowering and fruiting stage, densely

and conspicuously spreading-hairy, the hairs but weakly retrorse.

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 433

It is interesting to note that in the closely related genus Phyllostegia

Benth., the section Genuwinae A. Gray is divided into the two sub-

sections Holophyllae and Lobatae according as the principal leaves

are simple or lobulate to pinnately divided.

Stenogyne kanehoana Degener & Sherff, sp. nov.

Caules tetragoni, ramis ultimis dense patenti-tomentosis. Folia

opposita, petiolata petiolo tenui patenti-tomentoso 1-2 em. longo;

lamina nunc anguste ovata nunc oblongo-lanceolata, apice subobtusa

vel acuta etiam subacuminata, basi nunc rotundata truncatave

nune vix subcordata, aegerrime crenulato-serrata, supra moderate

subsparsimve infra densissime adpresso-hispida pilis gracilibus

arcuatis acribus canescentibus, plerumque 7-12 cm. longa et 3-5

em. lata. Verticillastra pauca (1 vel 2 pro ramulo quoque observata),

4- vel 6-flora. Pedicellus dense patenti-pilosus, circ. 8-12 mm.

longus. Calyx late obconico-campanulatus, pubescens, manifeste

vel demum aegre venosus, tubo 7-10 mm. longo; lobis triangulato-

lanceolatis vel -oblongis, apice acutis, plerumque 4-8 mm. longis;

sinibus inter lobos latis, basi rotundato-obtusis. Corolla (sicca)

pallido-subpurpurea, supra ventricosa, extus moderate patenti-pilosa

pilis apice saepe minutissime glandulo-capitatis, 2.5-8 cm. longa,

arcuata, labro superiori quam inferiori paulo longiori, filamentis

stamineis latere nune convexo nunc concavo valde pilosis, stylorum

ramis subaequalibus subulatis. Nuculae maturae non visae.

Stems tetragonal, ultimate branches densely spreading-tomen-

tose. Leaves opposite, petiolate, the slender and spreading-tomen-

tose petiole 1-2 cm. long; blade now narrowly ovate now oblong-

lanceolate, at apex subobtuse or acute or even subacuminate, at

base now rounded or truncate now barely subcordate, very weakly

crenulate-serrate, on upper surface moderately or subsparsely on

lower very densely appressed-hispid, commonly 7-12 cm. long and

3-5 cm. wide; hairs slender, curved, sharp, whitish. Floral whorls

few (1 or 2 observed for each branch), 4- or 6-flowered. Pedicel

densely spreading-pilose, about 8-12 mm. long. Calyx widely

obconic-campanulate, pubescent, conspicuously or at least weakly

veined, tube 7-10 mm. long; lobes triangulate-lanceolate or -oblong,

at apex acute, commonly 4-8 mm. long; interlobar sinuses broad,

at base rounded-obtuse. Corolla (in dry state) pale-purplish,

supernally ventricose, on outer surface moderately spreading-pilose

(the hairs often very minutely glandular-capitate at their apex),

2.5-8 cm. long, curved, upper lip a little longer than the lower,

stamineal filaments strongly pilose now on the convex now on the

434 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

concave side, stylar branches subequal and subulate. Mature

nucules not seen.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener, straggling over shrubs up to

15 feet high, on summit spur of Kanehoa, Isl. Oahu, April 14, 1940

(Berl.; Field); Degener & Emilio Ordotiez 12,374, same locality,

May 28, 1939 (type, Field: cotypes, Berl.; Deg.; Field; etc.).

In my monograph on Stenogyne Benth. (Bishop Mus. Bull. 136:

59-101. 1935), this species would stand in that portion of the key

under the last letter e on page 60. More precise location of its posi-

tion is impossible as yet because of the uncertainty existing at

least for the present regarding the color of its corollas in the living

state. The leaves average larger than for the other species of

Stenogyne and, in fact, are suggestive of the related genus Phyllostegia

Benth. and certain varieties of such species as P. parviflora (Gaud.)

Benth. The large calyces, exceptional for Stenogyne, call to mind

Phyllostegia vestita Benth. The scandent habit, the axillary whorls

of flowers, and the subulate style-branches are, however, typical

of Stenogyne.

The type-collection lacked corollas and apparently mature fruits.

Mr. Degener revisited the type plants on February 11, 1940, but

succeeded in finding only “one single shriveled corolla... . too

poor to really bother with.’”’ On April 14, 1940, he visited the type

locality still a third time and obtained the two sheets of cited material,

bearing, in all, five well developed corollas. From this last material

the description of the corollas has been drawn.

Bidens pentamera (Sherff) Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 28: 31. 1941; Bidens Campylotheca var. pentamera f.

filicifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 85: 4. 1928.

The forma filicifolia was originally separated on the basis of its

more numerous leaflets (7-9 instead of 5). Recently Mr. Otto

Degener has revisited the type locality with his associate collectors

and obtained additional material (Degener, Ordofiez, & Salucop

12,399, in jungle at 7,000 feet, within Koolau Gap on west side,

Haleakala, East Maui, August 20, 1939 [Field]). He reports that

the forma filicifolia must be reduced to synonymy with B. pentamera.

Bidens mauiensis var. cuneatoides Sherff (Bot. Gaz. 86: 440.

1928) X Bidens Menziesii (Gray) Sherff, op. cit. 70: 98. 1920.

Bidens mauiensis var. cuneatoides has been known heretofore

only from its type locality on the Isthmus of Maui, while B. Menziesii

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 435

was known from the islands of Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii. On

August 25, 1939, Mr. Otto Degener discovered these two forms grow-

ing together on a small, arid, grassy ridge on the southeast side of

Ukumehame Gulch, 1.75 miles from the southern coast of West

Maui. Besides the typical form of B. mawiensis var. cuneatoides

(Degener 12,405a) and of B. Menziesit (Degener 12,405e), there were

collected perhaps two hundred additional specimens which were

apparently hybrids (Degener 12,405b) or unmistakably such (Degener

12,405c, Degener 12,405cc, and Degener 12,405d) between the two.

Recognizing the hybrids as new to science, Mr. Degener very kindly

lent the entire suite of specimens for my study. Generally speaking,

the hybrids display so many inconstancies in foliage and inflorescence

that it would be difficult to draw a worth-while description of them.

In a rough way, however, I have found it possible, by relying upon

foliage characters and disregarding numerous intergradations of

inflorescence, to divide them into groups or categories:! Degener

12,405b, leaves somewhat as in the tripartite-leaved form of

B. mautensis var. cuneatoides, but with divisions sometimes five,

often narrower and more elongate, the terminal one commonly

long-attenuate to acute or acuminate at apex (or again incisedly

toothed); Degener 12,405c, leaves frequently bipinnatifid, segments

usually narrowly linear; Degener 12,405cc, with somewhat similar

leaves, but these a little more bipinnate and more delicately cut;

Degener 12,405d, similar to no. 12,405c, but with leaves somewhat

larger and divisions often broadly linear. A representative set of

these variants has been deposited in the Herbarium of Field Museum

and Mr. Degener plans to distribute the remaining duplicates in due

time to numerous other institutions.

Bidens chiapensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 76.

1914,

In my monograph of the genus Bidens (Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 16:

531. 1937), the geographic range for B. chiapensis was given as

“State of Chiapas to State of Michoacdn, southern Mexico.” This

range is now seen to be extended well into southwestern Guatemala

by the following recently collected specimens: Jorge Garcia Salas

1,417, alt. 2,000 meters, Bosques de Cichavac, Dept. Chimaltenango

(Field); Paul C. Standley 60,940, suberect herb, 1—2 feet tall, rays

bright yellow, in brushy pine forest, alt. 2,400-2,700 meters, Cerro

de Tecpdm, region of Santa Elena, Dept. Chimaltenango, December

1 The letters a, b, c, etc. suffixed to Mr. Degener’s collection-number were

placed on the labels by myself.

436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

26, 1938 (Field); Standley 65,892, erect herb, 2-3 feet tall, rays

yellow, in Cupressus forest, alt. 3,000-3,450 meters, near Cumbre

del Aire, Dept. Totonicapan, on road between Huehuetenango and

Sija, February 20, 1939 (Field); Julian A. Steyermark 35,663, herb,

rays and disk yellow, on shaded slopes of steep ravine, alt. 2,700-

3,800 meters, along road, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos,

Dept. San Marcos, February 15, 1940 (Field); Steyermark 35,744,

on shaded slopes at base of cliffs, alt. 2,700-8,800 meters, along road,

8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, Dept. San Marcos, February 15,

1940 (Field); Steyermark 36,001, flowers dull golden-yellow, in shade

of other plants in swampy meadow, alt. 2,200-—2,500 meters, along

Quebrada Canjula, between Sibinal and Canjul4, Voleén Tacana,

Dept. San Marcos, February 18, 1940 (Field).

In some of this material, the achenes are longer than formerly

known and the outer ones tend somewhat to reflex finally in their

upper portion. In the Salas specimen the longest achenes have the

body measuring 1.5 cm. long.

Bidens Chrysanthemifolia (H.B.K.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 61:

501. 1916.

In my monographic treatment of the genus Bidens (Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 16: 358. 1937), this species was said to be ‘“‘known only

from Department of Amatitlan, Guatemala.’ This range is now

seen to be extended by the following specimens from Guatemala:

Julian A. Steyermark 33,071, rays white, disc yellow with purple

anthers, stems sprawling, on moist shaded north-facing pine slopes,

alt. 1,800 meters, in hills between Giiisiltepeque and Potrero Carrillo,

Dept. Jalapa, December 11, 1939 (Field); Steyermark 36,081, rays

white, disc yellow, leaves dull-green, in open field, alt. 2,500—4,400

meters, between Sibinal and summit of Voleén Tacana, Dept. San

Marcos, February 19, 1940 (Field).

Bidens Chrysanthemifolia var. parvulifolia (Sherff) comb.

nov.; Bidens parvulifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 490. 1918.

In the above cited monograph of the genus Bidens, I interpreted

(p. 856) my previously described Bidens parvulifolia ‘‘as merely a

form of Bidens Chrysanthemifolia having minute, mainly undivided

leaves.”” Very recently there has been assembled at Field Museum

an exceptionally choice representation of material from Guatemala,

and from this material it is evident that B. parvulifolia is constant

enough in its foliar characters to merit treatment as a variety of

B. Chrysanthemifolia. Both B. Chrysanthemifolia and its var.

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 437

parvulifolia, as we may now designate it, are seen from the recent

collections to be at times much larger, more robust plants than

formerly known. They may reach a height or (in procumbent plants)

a length of 9 or 10 dm., with leaf-blades up to +5 em. long and

+2.5 cm. wide. The var. parvulifolia will include forms with simple

or at times tripartite principal leaves, while the species proper will

include forms with leaves considerably more dissected. For var.

parvulifolia the following specimens, all from Guatemala, may be

cited: Heyde & Lux 6,162, Guatemala, 1894 (Field; U.S.); Heyde

& Lux 6,168, Guatemala, 1894 (Herb. Univ. Chicago in Field, type);

Jorge Garcia Salas 1,397, alt. 2,300 meters, Chichavac Tecpan, Dept.

Chimaltenango (Field); Paul C. Standley 59,390, erect or procumbent,

abundant, rays white, alt. 1,800—-2,100 meters, slopes of Volcan de

Agua, north of Santa Maria de Jesus, Dept. Sacatepéquez, December

10, 1938 (Field; nom. incolarum, Mozote); Standley 65,242, erect or

decumbent, rays white, in damp forest, alt. 2,250-3,000 meters, on

slopes of Voleaén de Agua, above Santa Maria de Jesus, February 11,

1989 (Field); Standley 67,322a, alt. about 2,500 meters, between

Fuentes Georginas and Zunil, Dept. Quezaltenango, March 4, 1939

(Field); Standley 67,820, decumbent, rays white, in sandy Alnus

forest, alt. about 2,400 meters, Cumbre de Tuilacdn, southwest of

San Martin Chile Verde, Dept. Quezaltenango, March 8, 1939

(Field); Standley 67,846, erect herb, 3 feet tall, rays white, in sandy

Alnus forest, alt. about 2,400 meters, same place and date (Field);

Julian A. Steyermark 32,751, rays cream-yellow, on open slopes in

pine woods, below summit, alt. 2,000—2,500 meters, between Mira-

mundo and summit of Montafia Miramundo, between Jalapa and

Mataquescuintla, 6 miles south of Miramundo, Dept. Jalapa,

December 5, 1989 (Field); Steyermark 32,752, rays white, disc

yellow, leaves light-green, in open pine woods below summit, same

place and date (Field); Steyermark 34,474, rays white, disc yellow,

leaves soft and thickish, alt. 2,500 meters, ravine below Fuentes

Georginas, just above Zunil, Dept. Quezaltenango, January 20,

1940 (Field; a small plant, closely similar to type specimen); Steyer-

mark 34,945, leaves membranaceous, grass-green above, paler

beneath, rays white, disc yellow, alt. 3,000-3,300 meters, Volcan

Santo Tomas, Dept. Quezaltenango, January 24, 1940 (Field);

Steyermark 35,644, rays white, disc yellow, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters,

along road “between San Sebastid4n at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-18

miles northwest of San Marcos,’’ Dept. San Marcos, February 15,

1940 (Field).

438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

Cosmos Steyermarkii sp. nov.

Herba annua, erecta, gracilis, 3-5 dm. alta, supra suberecte

pauciterque ramosa; caule +12-sulculato, irregulariter sparsimque

patenti-setuloso vel raro -spinuloso, internodiis medianis 2-9 cm.

longis; ramis in pedunculos elongatos (etiam usque ad +18 cm.

longos) inferne lineari-bracteatos gracillimos glabros monocephalicos

desinentibus. Folia opposita, suberecta, graciliter petiolata petiolo

submarginato plerumque glabro usque ad circ. 2 em. longo; lamina

pinnata vel bipinnatifida, 3-5 cm. longa, foliolis lateralibus 1 vel

2 jugis, segmentis lineari-filiformibus plerumque sub 1 cm. raro

usque ad 2 em. latis glabratis ultimis acriter apiculatis. Capitula

radiata pansa ad anthesin 2-8.5 cm. lata et 8-11 mm. alta. In-

volucri bracteae exteriores circ. 7 vel 8, lineari-spathulatae vel prope

apicem latius dilatatae, extus glabratae vel secundum nervum

medianum atrum hispidulae, marginibus ciliatae, apice acri induratae,

3-4 vel demum etiam 5 mm. longae; interiores oblongae vel oblanceo-

lato-oblongae, glabrae vel apice pubescentes, marginibus hyalinae

alibi badiae, 4-8 (demum usque ad 10) mm. longae. Flores ligulati

5 vel 6, aurei, 1-1.8 cm. longi, ligula lineari-oblongi, apice 2- vel

3-denticulati vel aegre incisi. Flores tubulosi gracillimi, supra flavi,

sub 5 mm. longi, non nisi dentibus anguste lanceolatis pubescentes.

Achaenia paleas multo superantia, aristis inclusis usque ad 2.8 cm.

longa; corpore subplano, atro, glabro vel ventraliter secundum

nervum medianum plus minusve tuberculato-setuloso, marginibus

basaliter stramineo-tuberculato (tuberculis antrorsum spinulosis)

aliter anguste stramineo-alato (alis crassis induratis cartilagineis ut

videtur e tuberculis coalitis ortis ergo ciliatim et similiter antrorsum

spinulosis), usque ad circ. 1.6 cm. longo et alis inclusis ad 3 mm.

lato; cervice plana, angusta, straminea vel purpurascenti, ciliatim

antrorsumque tuberculato-setulosa, usque ad 1 em. longa, apice

biaristata; aristis gracilibus, rectis vel subarcuatis, moderate diver-

gentibus, antrorsum hispidulis, 1.5-2.5 mm. longis.

Annual herb, erect, slender, 3-5 dm. tall, suberectly and sparingly

branched above; stem -+12-sulculate, irregularly and sparsely

spreading-setulose or rarely -spinulose, median internodes 2-9 cm.

long; branches running into elongate peduncles, these linear-bracte-

ate below, very delicate, glabrous, monocephalous, up to even +18

cm. long. Leaves opposite, suberect, slenderly petiolate, the sub-

marginate petiole commonly glabrous and up to about 2 cm. long;

blade pinnate or bipinnatifid, 8-5 cm. long, lateral leaflets 1 or 2

pairs; their segments linear-filiform, commonly under 1 cm. rarely

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 439

up to 2 cm. wide, glabrate, the ultimate ones sharply apiculate.

Capitula radiate, expanded at anthesis 2-3.5 em. wide and 8-11

mm. tall. Exterior involucral bracts about 7 or 8, linear-spatulate

or near apex more widely dilated, outwardly glabrate or along the

dull-black median nerve hispidulous, marginally ciliate, apically

sharp and indurated, 3-4 or finally even 5 mm. long; interior bracts

oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, glabrous or apically pubescent,

hyaline at edges but elsewhere chestnut-brown, 4-8 (finally up to

10) mm. long. Ligulate florets 5 or 6, golden-yellow, 1—1.8 cm. long,

the ligule linear-oblong, at apex 2- or 3-denticulate or weakly incised.

Tubular florets very slender, yellow above, under 5 mm. in length,

not pubescent unless on the narrowly lanceolate teeth. Achenes

much surpassing the pales, up to 2.8 em. long including the aristae;

body flattish, dull-black, glabrous or ventrally more or less tubercu-

late-setulose along the median nerve, at margins stramineous-

tuberculate below (tubercles antrorsely spinulose) elsewhere narrowly

stramineous-alate (wings thick, indurated, cartilaginous, seemingly

formed from coalesced tubercles therefore ciliately and in a similar

way antrorsely spinulose), up to about 1.6 cm. long and with wings

included up to 3 mm. wide; neck flat, narrow, stramineous or becom-

ing purple, ciliately and antrorsely tuberculate-setulose, up to 1 cm.

long, at apex biaristate; aristae slender, straight or somewhat

curved, moderately divergent, antrorsely hispidulous, 1.5-2.5 mm.

long.

Specimens examined: Julian A. Steyermark 31,341, on dry, rocky

slope of glade, alt. 1,200-1,500 meters, Montafia Castilla, vicinity

of Montafia Cebollas, along Rio Lucia Saso, 3 miles southeast of

Quezaltepeque, Dept. Chiquimula, Guatemala, November 6, 1939

(type, Field: cotype, Gray).

In the key published in my monographic revision of the genus

Cosmos (Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 8: 402. 1932), this species would stand

next to C. Blakei, from which it differs, among other respects, in

having a much more delicate habit, leaves under 7 cm. not +1 dm.

long, segments linear-filiform rather than linear; heads 5- or 6- not

about 10-12-rayed, their involucres externally glabrous or glabrate

not definitely pubescent, the outer bracts shorter, narrower, and

apically less dilated; peduncles very slender, elongate (up to +1.8

dm. long) and glabrous, not robust, of comparatively moderate

length (under 1.2 em. long), and densely pubescent. With C.

exiguus and C. Blakei, C. Steyermarkii belongs to the section Klibea

(op. cit. 423).

440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—BOTANY, VOL. 22

Cosmos Crithmifolius H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 190 (242).

1820.

In my monographic revision of Cosmos above cited, the southern

limits of distribution for C. Crithmifolius were given (p. 426) as

Guatemala and Honduras. Only a single specimen (W. C. Shannon

608) was known to me at that time from Guatemala, and this was

from Amatenango, in the extreme western part of the country,

virtually at the Chiapas border. Similarly, only a single specimen

(P. C. Standley 56,245) was known from Honduras, and this had

come from the Department of Comayagua, some 300 miles to the

east of Amatenango. Recently, additional specimens have come in

from various localities reaching across almost the entire southern

half of Guatemala. These are: Paul C. Standley 58,001, erect herb,

3-4 feet tall, rays deep rose, in pine forest, alt. 1,500-1,900 meters,

along road from Chimaltenango to San Martin Jilotepeque, Dept.

Chimaltenango, November 25, 1938 (Field); Julian A. Steyermark

30,655, rays pink-brick color, on oak-pine slopes, alt. 500—1,200

meters, along Rio Taco, between Chiquimula and Montafia Barriol,

3-15 miles northwest of Chiquimula, Dept. Chiquimula, October 26,

1939 (Field); Steyermark 32,590, in dry oak woods two-thirds way

up, alt. 1,300-1,700 meters, Cerro Alcoba, just east of Jalapa, Dept.

Jalapa, December 2, 1939 (Field); Steyermark 32,741, rays rose-

lilac, on open slopes in open pine woods below summit, alt. 2,000-

2,500 meters, between Miramundo and summit of Montafia Mira-

mundo, between Jalapa and Mataquescuintla, 6 miles south of

Miramundo, Dept. Jalapa, December 5, 1939 (Field); Steyermark

32,999, rays rose-purple, in dry, rocky oak woods, three-fourths

way up, alt. 1,400-1,900 meters, Montafia Durazno, 2 miles east of

San Pedro Pinula, Dept. Jalapa, December 10, 1939 (Field; nom.

vernac., escobillo); Steyermark 33,081, rays rose-colored, on moist,

shaded, pine-covered slopes in hills between Giiisiltepeque and

Potrero Carrillo, alt. 1,800 meters, Dept. Jalapa, December 11,

1939 (Field).

Cosmos exiguus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429. 1887.

In the same above cited monographic revision of Cosmos, the

geographic distribution of Cosmos exiguus A. Gray was given as

“western Mexico from the State of Sinaloa southeastward to the

State of Michoacan.’”’ From the following recently examined addi-

tional specimens, the range is seen to be extended northward into

the State of Chihuahua in northern Mexico, eastward into the

AMERICAN AND HAWAIIAN FLORAS 441

State of Mexico and southeastward into southwest Guatemala:

Howard Scott Gentry 2,017, flower lavender, rays with a purple

stripe, in thin gravel soil on rocks on sun slope, pine ridge, Sierra

Canelas, Rio Mayo, Chihuahua, October 8, 1985 (Field); Gentry

2,825, flower purple, on oak sun slope, Upper Sonoran, La Cienegita,

Rio Mayo, Chihuahua, September 20, 1936 (Field); George B.

Hinton 2,126, on grassy hill, alt. 2,030 meters, Carboneras, District

of Temascaltepec, (State of) Mexico, October 24, 1933 (Field);

Hinton 5,081, flower pink, alt. 1,960 meters, in pine woods on hill,

Rineén, District of Temascaltepec, November 8, 1933 (Field);

Paul C. Standley 82,338, scarce, heads purplish-pink, alt. about

1,780 meters, in pine-oak forest, Rio Pucal, about 14 km. south

of Huehuetenango, Dept. Huehuetenango, southwestern Guatemala,

January 4, 1941 (Field).