“Omnes res create sunt divine sapientie et potentia testes, divitie felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu Jonvitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapéentia Domini ;

ex ceconomid im conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estimata ;

a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”’—Linnaus.

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute~puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.’—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

Rie, ie fot oe siete ees eS ne sy lyalopowers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.

ALERE @ FLAMMAM,

CONTENTS OF VOL, XIX.

(EIGHTH SERIES, }

NUMBER 109,

I. Corylophide [Coleoptera] from the Seychelles and Rangoon.

By Huexu Scorr, M.A., F.L.S., Curator in Entomology in the

University of Cambridge. (Plates I.-V.) ...........ccceceeeees

If. Notes on Exotic Chloropide. By C.G. Lamp, M.A., B.Sc.,

2) Se O° a Ce i eT

IIT. Some Systematic Notes on Melolonthine Coleoptera. By

Bae Pat, ee IRONY 85, os 58: 5 .vi's ahgiyrs. nisrecelae etm dale satan mie « Fa gee wre et

IV. Descriptions of New Tyralide of the Subfamilies Epi-

paschiane, Chrysaugine,. Endotrichine, and Pyraline. By Sir

GrorceE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. 2.1... PREPS Gee aoe

V. The Homoptera of Indo-China. By W.L. Distant........

VI. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XXV. On new Sphecoidea

in the British Museum. By Row.anp E. Turner, F.Z8., FES.

VIJ. On the External Characters of the Felide. By R. I.

Pococs, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Zoological Society’s Gardens.

VIII. On some new Mites of the Suborder Prostigmata living on

eaeen ee CAML EAR ST tos ne we ned cn giene wed tenwass

IX. Cassidine and Bruchide [Coleoptera] from the Seychelles

Islands and Aldabra. By 8, Mauurx, B.A. (Cantab.)...........+

Page

144

iv CONTENTS.

Page

X. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XXVI. On the Genus

Homonotus, Dablb. By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., FES. .... 147

XI. Notes on the Species of the Genus Cavia. By OLDFIELD

ROMANS Ceci a ais aee valet ont + sss tinue mies ae Loe 7 - 152

New Book :—African Freshwater Fishes ........2+ceeeeeeeeres 160

NUMBER 110. .

XII. Coleoptera, Heteromera (excluding Tenebrionide) from the

Seychelles Islands arid Aldabra. By GroreE CHARLES CHAMPION,

Mei SAME AVE) anc oc, a Beaks « 9% wlemincssi luis «ib aip o.02h ge viele rae eee 161

XIII. On new Species of Indian Cureulionide.—Part III. By

LGA. Sh MA BBHAES » DOG. oo. Gs ca aly ne es +, 2 nist eeele 188

XIV. A Revision of the Clupeid Fishes of the Genus Pellonula

and of Related Genera in the Rivers of Africa. By C. Tate

EBGAN, WEA oe UN fects oe 8 Pea ee EReES > se wee ee he ei eine 198

XV. New Species of Tabanide from Australia and the Fiji

Islands.” By GueTRUDE RICARDOT: wears. oh ewan ae baunp 207

XVI. New Species of Hematopota from India. By GERTRUDE

PERRIN iets Ge Seo wien meet es Micon ate tet oe G Sree Re iets EARS 225

XVII. The Fishes of the Genus Clupea. By C. Tarr Reaan,

IT aA See Stet ces oe oa teroRebs fanars a tel cade canes nv we Rm ee emne ee Mean 226

XVIII. Barnacles from the Hull of the ‘Terra Nova’: a Note.

By 1; A. BORRADAILE «094%. 2 bee ween genes ae hse eee en han 229

Proceedings of the Geological Society...........0.cecaeeeee 230, 231

NUMBER 11}.

XIX. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.—

No. XL. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., &c., Gatty

Marine Laboratory, University, St. Andrews. (Plates VII.-XII.) . 233

XX. Notes on Exotic Helomyzide, Sciomyzide, and Psilide. By

C. G. Lams, M.A., B.Sc., Clare College, Cambridge ............ 266

‘CONTENTS. Vv

Page

XXI. Further Notes on the New Zealand Ampbipod Hyale

grenfelli, Chilton, By Cuas, CHILTON, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., C.M.,

LL.D., O.M.Z.S., Professor of Biology, Canterbury College, New

Zealand 273

XXII. Descriptions of new Lizards of the Family Lacertide. By

GovAc BouLenGur, PURIS So. i. ccc ive ee teteaied idee eee es 277

XXIII. A new Bat of the Genus Scotecus. By OLpFIELD

Be MIN ee Gh or ear eb olcke ato Siegert ffeleeoe Mania ope Not eae erage aber Kier 280

XXIV. A new Species of Aconemys from Southern Chili.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS 20... 000s cere eres eee t neice er enaenes 281

XXV. Descriptions and Records of Bees. —LXXIV. By T. D. A.

CockERELL, University of Colorado ......+ seer eee ee reer eens 282

New Book :—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene. Supplement,

Pca Mies a orci car hat sss eyes 3 ce Sw ead dime hohe nue: rao. ar aan 8a SA 291

Proceedings of the Geological Society .....+.+.+eseeeeeees 291—295

NUMBER 112.

XXVI. A Revision of the Clupeoid Fishes of the Genera Promo-

lobus, Brevoortia and Dorosoma, and their Allies. By ©. TatE

Rs eA sie eae ns Adel wes ye Whale vine ew ese HHH ao He's 297

XXVII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXVII. On new

Species in the British Museum, By RowLanp E, Turner, F.Z.8.,

Re oot Aca Sides naga Cai ate Roi ANA en el halGe ee we ws 317

XXVIII A new Tuberculate Terrestrial Isopod from New

Zealand. By Cuas. Cuinton, M.A., D.Sc. MBs, CM, LL.D;

C.M.Z.S., Professor of Biology, Canterbury College, New Zealand.

PT ee open gc rida aleh nape sien crete Mo Heald eso wo ere 027

XXIX. South-African Talitride. By the Rey. Tuomas R. R.

SUEBBING IG Rae ER in cee eens ec etle sso c essen nner eewentnes 330

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XXX. New Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. By Colonel

C.SWINHOM, MGA.) BAGS. 12 5. 2. ss ce boneeen kb pee Beta deve 331

XXXIJ. The Lemurs of the Hapalemur Group. By R.I. Pocock,

PEE 5 spo aye sai «o'er « i a's <'o. 2 Say ee eee eae 343

XXXII. Some Notes on Three-toed Sloths. By Oxprrexp

POMS 01% vila Wiese 25s tele 5 Se See Ale see tan dee 352

NUMBER 118.

XXXII. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies

Hydrocampine, Scopariane, &e. By Sir Groner F, Hampson,

Bart; RZ. 8. 2... 25s eee bc nag oe ae cs eee 561

XXXIV. A Revision of the Clupeid Fishes of the Genera Sardi-

nella, Harengula, &e. By CO. Tate Ruean, M.A. .............. 377

XXXYV. On new Weevils of the Genus Mecysmoderes from India.

By Goy A. K. Mans smepaieemamcer oi. eee ue. e ee as ae 395

XXXVI. Occurrence of a Holothurian new to the Fauna of

Bermudas. | By W. JAG nonin tc tence wwescds sper on teneesees 405

XXXVII. Descriptions of a new Lizard and two new Frogs

discovered in West Africa by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. By G. A.

BOULENGER, EURis.setis cos see tk sO un eee ete Chee aan ec 407

XXXVIII. New Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. By

Colonel C) Swinton sea ALS iy iis sins orcas sce kot eee cats 409

XXXIX. Notes on Myriapoda.—V. On Cylindroiulus (Leucotulus)

nitidus (Verhoeff), By Hitpa K. Brapsz,; M.Sc. L.R.C.P.,

M.R,C.S5., and the Rev. S. GRaHam Breks, M.Sc. ........00000 417

—

“

CONTENTS. ; Vil

NUMBER 114.

Page

XL. Notes on Collembola.—Part 4. The Classification of the

Coilembola; with a List of Genera known to occur in the British

Isles, By Joun W. Suorsoruam, N.D.A., Berkhampsted, Herts. 425

XLI. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — XXVIII. On new

Ethiopian Species of Bembex in the British Museum. By RowLanp

HE; TURNER, F°Z.5., FES. 2.0.6.6 s008 SOR es ee iy er 436

XLII. On Fabricius’s Types of Odonata in the British Museum

(Natural History). By Harpert Campion

XLIII. A new Vole from Palestine. By Otprretp THomas .. 450

XLIV. On the small Hamsters that have been referred to Cri-

cetulus pheus and campbelli. By OLDFIELD THOMAS............ 452

XLV. Descriptions of New Pyralida of the Subfamilies Hydro-

camping, Scopariane, &e. By Sir Groner F. Hampson, Bart.,

Sere Me Ral ase om Ulla a 5 Kuga oy PAL RH Sade an ote daa bag 457

XLVI. Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXV. ByT.D. A.

Cocnunur, University of Colorado”... 0.600... es cee sccesceees 473

XLVI. The Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma khapra, sp: n.), an

Indian Grain-pest. By GILBERT J. ARROW ..........000eeeee 481

Proceedings of the Geological Society ........ccccccecccecuses 483

Notice to the Zoological Profession of a Possible Suspension of the

International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature in the Cases

of Musca, Linneus, 1758, and Calliphora, Desvoidy, 1830 .... 484

Index

PLATES IN VOL. XIX.

PLatE I

iG WE

]

(vorylapand beetles.

VI. Heteromerous Coleoptera from the Seychelles and Aldabra.

VALT)

VIL.

<a >Nervous and muscular ayqreme of Owenia and Myriochele.

XI.

XII. J

XIII. Cubaris milleri, sp. n.

ERRATUM.

Page 330, line 14, for 1913. Taltriator, Matthews, P. Z.S. Lond. p, 109,

read Lalitriator, Methuen, P. Z. 8. Lond. p. 109.

No, 109. -

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MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(EIGHTH SERIES. }

No. 109. JANUARY 1917.

1.—Corylophide [Coleoptera] from_the Seychelles and Ran-

goon. By Huau Scort, M.A., F.L.S., Curator in Ento-

mology in the University of Cambridge.

[Plates I.-V.] °

Tue main purpose of this paper is to give an account of the

Corylophid beetles obtained by the Percy Sladen Trust Expe-

dition of 1905 and 1908-9 in the Seychelles and other islands

of the Western Indian Ocean. But I have also included

certain forms taken at Rangoon in 1911. ‘The actual sources

of these two sets of material may be considered separately,

as follows :-—

(A) Rancoon.—The specimens were collected from a nest

of Munia striata, a bird belonging to the Ploceide or weaver-

birds, on Oct. 9th, 1911, by Dr. H. H. Marshall, M.O.H., and

sent by him in alcohol to Professor G. H. F. Nuttall at the

Quick Laboratory, Cambridge. Professor Nuttall kindly

handed over the Coleoptera to me. They consist of three

species of Corylophide — namely, Arthrolips flavicollis,

Matthews, Orthoperus muni@, sp. 0., and Orthoperus sp.

indet., as well as a single example of an undetermined

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. L

2 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

Cuenjid which seems closely allied to Silvanus longicornis,

Grouvelle, a form known from Singapore. In addition to

Coleoptera, the tube contained some Lepidopterous larvee, a

spider (Scytodes sp.), and some Gammasid mites, all from the

same bird’s-nest. I do not know of other recorded cases of

Corylophidz being found in birds’-nests, but I have myself

taken a specimen of Orthoperus from a blackbird’s or thrush’s

nest of the preceding year at Henley-on-Thames, 25. iii. 1910.

(B) Srycuettes Istanps.—It was intended that all

results of the Perey Sladen Trust Expedition should appear

together in one publication, but circumstances have rendered

this impossible. The work in question consists of certain

special volumes of Trans. Linn. Soc, London, five of which

are already complete (ser. 2, Zool., vols. XIl.—-xvi.), while a

sixth is in progress: these contain, inter alia, a number of

reports on insects. In the present paper much the same

plan is followed as in my two previous articles on certain

groups of Seychelles Coleoptera (op. cit. vol. xv, p- 215, 1912 ;

vol. xvi. p. 193, 1913).

No Corylophide have been recorded from these islands

before, ‘Those dealt with here amount to twelve species, ten

of which are described as new (see below, under “ determina

tion of species”), while one is undetermined and one is

referred to a previously described species, They belong to

eight genera, one of which is described as new. The series

may be briefly analyzed thus:—Suctum, 4 spp. n.; Arthro-=

liys, 1 sp. n., 1 sp. indet.; Meioderus, 1 sp. n. ; Sericoderus

(Anisomeristes), 1 sp. n. ; Daubania, g. n., 1 sp.n.; Lew-

istum, 1 sp. n.; Rhypobius, 1 sp. n, ; Orthoperus, 1 sp.

(previously known),

Listribution.—One species, Rhypobius aquilinus, was found

only on a coralline island of the Amirantes Group. The

other eleven were all taken by the writer in the mountainous

granitic islands of the Seychelles proper. Six of these were

found exclusively in the island of Silhouette, which was

visited only during the drier months of August and September ;

one was only obtained in Long Island, a small cultivated

islet near Mahé, in July, also one of the drier months ; the

remaining four, including the new genus Daubania, were

taken in two or more of the larger islands, and in both

the drier and wetter seasons.

Two species are represented by single specimens, two

(Sericoderus and Lewisium) by big series of over 50 and of

neatly 200 respectively, the remainder by series of from 3 to

15 examples. ‘They were all preserved dry.

Seven kinds were obtained only at high elevations, in the

Seychelles and Rangoon, 3

endemic forests; one (Arthrolips insule-longe), as stated

above, only onacultivated islet. Of the remainder, Daubania

gen, nov.) occurred in the high forests and at more moderate

elevations, while the two most abundant forms (Sericoderis

and Lewtstum) seemed generally distributed from the culti-

vated country up into the endemic woods at high altitudes.

Most of the material was collected somewhat promiscuously,

by general sweeping and beating of vegetation, but in some

cases I have exact records of the manner in which specimens

were taken. Thus some of the Sericoderus and of the

Lewisium were swept from long grass, and most of the

Sactum picaultianum were beaten from dead palm-leaves, a

very fruitful source of beetle-life. Two individuals of the

Lewisium were found in-a fallen branch containing an ant’s

nest (see p. 24), though whether their presence was acci-

dental or intentional I cannot say.

A ffinties.—The world-fauna of creatures so minute as

Corylophidze must be at present but very imperfectly known,

therefore it is not profitable to discuss at length the affinities

of the Seychelles series. Moreover, having regard to the

highly peculiar nature of the endemic vegetation, and to the

large number of peculiar insects and other animals existing

there, it is probable that some at least of the species herein

described will prove to be absolutely confined to these islands.

But such indications of affinities as exist may be briefly con-

sidered for what they are worth.

The only form referred to a previously described species

is Orthoperus minutissimus, Matth., hitherto recorded from

S. America and W. Indies. The new genus Daubania is

allied to Oligarthrum, known only from §. America, and to

Corylophus, widely distributed in Europe and Asia. Meio-

derus was previously reeorded only from Japan, Lewis/um

from Ceylon and Japan. The other genera are known from

all parts of the world.

The Corylophid fauna of Madagascar appears to be very

little known. ‘he only species included in Alluaud’s * Liste

des Insectes Coléoptéres de la Révion Malgache’* (p. 105)

is Sactum monstrosum (Schaufuss) ¢, which, from its descrip-

tion, seems’ quite unlike any of the Seychelles forms.

Matthews describes his Sacium bifasciatum (Mon. p. 54)

from Madagascar, and this is a little like my Saciwm p:caulti-

anum. J have found no further records of Corylophidze

* Vol xxi. of Grandidier’s ‘ Histoire Physique, Naturelle, et Politique

de Madagascar,’ Paris, 1900.

+ = Clypeaster monstrosus, Schaufuss, Tijdschr, Ent. xxxiv. 1891, p. 2;

Matthews, Mon. Corylophide, p. 217. 18

4 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

from Madagascar in tle subsequent literature. Rvitter’s

(1908) descriptions of E. African species have been studied,

but without seeing specimens it is hard to pronounce on ‘fran

relationships nauk those of the Seychelles. In comparing

the latter with forms in Matthews’s collection, I have several

times found that the nearest to the Sevchelles species are

Oriental forms, from Ceylon, Japan, &c. (¢f. the distribution

of the genera Meioderusand Lewisium, mentioned above), but

the resemblance. is’ not generally very close. However, if

these apparent indications of Oriental affinities should prove

genuine, this would only tally with what has been found

so strongly marked in certain other groups of Seychelles

insects.

On the whole, the Seychellean forms are very minute, even

jor Corylophidee. In comparing, I have been repeatedly

struck with their small size in relation to their congeners,

STRUCTURE.—Various anatomical points are dealt with

under the headings of particular genera and species. Thus

secondary sexual characters have come to light in Rhypobius

and Orthoperus, and differential specific characters in the

form of antenne and mouth-parts in certain species of Sacium,

Sericoderus, and Lewistum—in Saeium also in the form of the

prosternum. Attention is called to the presence of diverging

metasternal strize in Orthoperus.

The condition of the hind wings is stated, so far as it has

been examined, in the case of each particular species. I

follow Matthews in using the term “ample” to denote that

the wings are not reduced, vestigial, or absent, but much

longer than the elytra, under which they are folded. It

appears that they are ample i in ten out of the fifteen species

dealt with below, the remaining five being :—Arthrolips

sp. indet., wings present but could not be examined ; Arthro-

lips flavicollis, Matth., Orthoperus minutissimus, Matth., and

Orthoperus sp. indet., wings not examined ; Rhypobius aqui-

linus, sp. n., wings present and longer than the elytra in the

6, but seemingly quite absent in the 9. This last case is

interesting, exhibiting a sexual difference in the wing-

development. The genus Rhypobius (= Moronillus) is said

by Ganglbauer (Kit. Mitteleur. ili, pp. 273, 283-4) to have

the hind wings quite absent. Matthews makes the less

general statement (Mon. p pp. 172-3) that these organs are

absent in the “ genotype,” 2. marinus, Leconte, but says

nothing of their condition in the other species. Ina pair of

the European R. rujicollis (Duval) which I have examined IL

find no trace of hind wings in either sex. I have not investi-

gated their condition in other species of the genus.

Seychelles and Rangcon. 5

Matthews also states (Mon. pp. 109, 115) that the hind

wings are either absent or small and narrow in Svricoderus

and Andsomer/stes, but in those specimens of S. (A.) seychel-

lensis, sp. n., which I have dissected they are much longer

than the elytra. For the rest Matthews describes them as

“ample” in his diagnoses of all the other genera except six,

in which he either states that he had not examined them or

does not mention them at all. But in the case of some

genera examination of larger numbers both of species and

individuals is probably required.

TECHNIQUE.—Jn fixing the generic position of species I

have never relied on general appearance alone, but have in

all cases made balsam-preparations of antennze and mouth-

parts for examination under the compound microscope.

These preparations are mounted between two cover-slips, one

of which is attached to a cardboard framework ; the thinness

of the glass then allows of both sides of the object being

viewed through a high-power objective, while the cardboard

framework admits of the preparations being pinned beside

the insects. Balsam-preparations appear almost essential in

dealing with Corylophide, and are indispensable in describing

aly new genus.

Measurements of leneth have been made with a yr ola

micrometer-eyepiece. Drawings made with the aid of

drawing-apparatus,

For comparison I have used the British Museum Collection,

which, including Matthews’s Collection and his balsam-

‘preparations, is fairly complete up to the date of his ‘ Mono-

graph’ (1899). Descriptions of older forms not included in

the Monograph, and of all species and genera described since,

have been consulted.

LiTERATURE.—Matthews’s ‘ Monograph of Corylophide:

and Spheertidze ’ appeared in 1899, after its author’s decease.

A number of species unknown to ‘him were not included in

his manuscript, but the editor of the Monograph refers to

these on pp. 19-21 and p. 217. The Monograph may there-

fore be taken as a fairly complete enumeration of the species

up to and including 1899.

The following is a list of the subsequent literature, compiled

from the ‘ Zoological Record,’ the nature of each work being

bricfly indicated. Though a catalogue of the family has

receutly appeared, this list may also be of some use :—

1900. Casry. Journ. New York Ent. Soc. viii. pp. 60-75, review of

N. Amer. forms, describing several new genera and species:

Bathona, g. u., Gronevus, g.n., Eutrilia, g.u, near Orihoperus,

M olamba, ¢ g. n. near Sacrum.

6 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophidee from the

1900. Doprro. Ann. Mus. Genova, xl. p. 565, records Saciwm for-

mosum, Matth., from Burmah,

Reirrer. Wien. ent. Zeit. xix. p. 182, synonymic notes ; Deutsch.

ent. Zeitschr. p.82, describes Sericoderus chobuuti, sp. n., from

S. France [see 1908].

1901. Reirrer. Deutsch, ent. Zeitschr. p. 70, Orthoperus acariformis,

sp. n., from West ‘Turkestan.

1902. Reirrer. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxi. p. 187, Orthoperus schneidert,

sp. n., from Corsica.

1903. Fauver. Rev. Ent. Franc. (Caen), xxii. pp. 289-291, three new

species of Arthrolips and one of Corylophus from New Cale-

donia *,

Morritt. Ent. News (Philadelphia), xiv. pp. 1385-138, pl. vi.,

metamorphosis of Corylophodes marginicollis.

1908. Reirrer. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxvii. pp. 59-63, describes a num-

ber of forms from E. Africa (Homogrypinus, g. n. near Serico-

derus, and new species of Sactwm, Arthrolips, Sericoderus, Cory-

lophus, and Orthoperus); t. c. p. 198, synonymic notes, and

a Sericoderus chobauti, Reitt. (1900), as a var. of S. reveldiert,

eltt.

Scorr. ‘ Fauna Hawaiiensis,’ iii. pp. 415-8, includes description

of Sacitum angusticolle, sp. n. [omitted by Csiki from his Cata-

logue, 1910).

1909. Reirrer. Bull. Soc. ent. Egypte, i. (1908) p. 40, deser. Serico-

derus ( Anisomeristes) pecirkanus, sp. n., from Egypt.

1910. Buatrcuiry. Bull. Indiana Dept. Geol. i. pp. 501-506, describes

Indiana species.

Csixt. Rovart. Lapok. xvii. p. 28, synonymic notes and new

names ; Coleopt. Catalog. (Junk & Schenkling), part 18, pp. 5—

28, catalogue of the family.

1912. Suarp and Murr. Tr. Ent. Soc. London, p. 507, ¢ genital arma-

ture.

1913. Hetscuxo. Wien, ent. Zeit. xxxil. p. 181, Matthewstella, nom.

nov. for Microwm.

ReitteEr. Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. pp. 653-4, Sericoderistes, gen.

noy. near Sericoderus, with a new species, from Turkestan.

SauLBErG. Ofv. Finsk. Vetensk.-Soc. Férh. (Helsingfors),

vol. lv. 1912-18, Afd. A, no. 8, p. 12, Catoptyx levantinus, sp.n.,

Lebanon.

1914. Broun. New Zealand Institute, Bull. 1, part 3, p. 173, Sacina

curtula, sp. 0., New Zealand.

In the following portion of this paper dates in brackets

after authors’ names refer to the above list.

* In this paper Fauvel also records (p. 289) Arthrolips souverbiet

(Montr.) from New Caledonia. This species was described by Mon-

trousier from that country as one of the Heteromera, being made the

type of a new genus Apelta (Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, vol. xi. 1864, p, 124),

aud as such it is included in the Munich Catalogue (vol. vii. p. 1972)

under Tenebrionidee. But Fauvel, as stated above, records it as a Cory-

lophid, giving Apelta as a synonym of Arthrolips. The name souverbeet

does not, however, appear to be mentioned in Csiki's ‘Catalogue of

Oorylophide ’ (1910) either as a yalid species or as a synonym.

Seychelles and Rangoon. 7

Types.—A first set of the material, including the types of

the new genus and of all new species, will be placed in the

British Museum ; a second set will be retained in the Cam-

bridge University Museum.

Sacrum, Leconte.

(PI. I. figs. 1-9.)

Sacium, Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad. vi. 1852, p. 142.

The material includes four species from the Seychelles, all

quite distinct from each other and from anything in Matthews’s

coliection ; neither do the descriptions of the few species

which I have not seen correspond at all with any of the

Seychelles forms. Reitter (1908) has described five species

from Hast Africa; but after careful study of his descriptions

I conclude that none of my species is identical with any of

his.

Structural Characters.—In examining the Seychelles

collection I have noticed certain structural differences between

the species, of a kind which does not seem to have been

hitherto employed. Thus, among these four species there are

two distinct types of prosternum: (i.) of appreciable length

in front of the ae and furnished with an elevated median

keel (fig. 6) ; (ii.) exceedingly short in front of the coxe and

with no keel ae 3); further details are given in the

specific descriptions. Matthews (Mon. p. 41) writes “ pro-

sterno parvo, inter coxas elevato...,” but makes no state-

ment as to specific differences in its form.

Another category of characters is exhibited by the mouth-

parts. A balsam-preparation was made in order to fix with

certainty the generic position of each species. These prepara-

tions exhibit slight differences in the form and relative pro-

portions of such “parts as the mentum and joints of the palpi,

differences which are briefly mentioned in each description

(Ones, 2.0), 0, oO).

Characters such as these are not necessary for separating

the Seychelles species, which are amply distinct in other

ways. But they are indicated in case they should prove

useful in further studies of this large genus of minute

creatures.

1. Sacium picaultianum, sp. n.

(PI. L. figs. 1-3.)

Oblongo-ovale, supra nitidissimum, fere glabrum; piceo-nigrum,

thoracis margine anteriore testaceo, elytris maculis 4 (in utroque

8 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

elytro 2) rufo-flavis, corpore subtus rufo-piceo, pedibus rufo-

testaceis, antennarum clavis infuscatis ; supra tote fortiter dense

punctatum, thoracis basi plus minusve regulariter seriatim punc-

tata; metasterno et segmento 1° abdominis subtiliter dense

punctatis.

Long. corp. 1:05-1:25 mm.

Oblong-oval, with elytra nearly parallel-sided, not very

much broader than the thorax at their widest point; upper

surface very shining, with the punctures bearing such exces-

sively short minute hairs (only visible under a compound

microscope) that it may almost be called glabrous. Colour:

thorax pitechy black, with the anterior explanate margin

translucent and testaceous, the testaceous colour extending

back a little on to the dise in two places, one on either side

of the middle line in front ; scutellum black; elytra pitchy

black, with two reddish-yellow marks on each, the front pair

of marks extending from the base to 4 the length or more,

fairly widely separated from the outer margins and at the

suture ; the hind pair only very narrowly separated at the

suture, sometimes quite confluent across it, fairly widely

separated from the apex of the elytron, each mark extending

obliquely forwards from the suture nearly to the outer margin.

In a few examples the spots of the front pair also are nearly

coufluent across the suture ; and insome (possibly immature)

the whole elytra are much paler, almost uniform pitchy

reddish or even testaceous. Underside reddish pitchy, apex

of the abdomen rufescent. Legs reddish testaceous. Clubs

of antenne dark. Thorax and elytra closely and strongly

punctured, the punctures separated by from once to twice

their own diameter, the thorax with a basal series of more

closely placed punctures (very distinct in the figured speci-

men, but less regular in others) ; edytra with lateral margins

reflexed and visible from directly above throughout the

greater part of their length ; sutural stria present, obsolete in

about the anterior 4. Wings dissected out and’ found to be

ample. Metasternum and abdomen finely and closely punc-

tured and finely pubescent; the punctuation more sparse on

the postero-median part of the metasternum.

Prosternum (Pl. I. fig. 3) extremely short, forming in

front of each coxa a bridge so narrow that it can scarcely

be seen in looking directly down on to the under surface ;

there is consequently no room for a median elevated keel

in front of the coxze (contrast Sacium grossinianum, fig. 6).

A balsam-preparation of the mouth-parts shows that the

Seychelles and Ringoon. 9

mentum (fig. 2) is narrow, pointed in front, and the terminal

joints of the labial palpi slightly longer than the second.

Sacium picaultianum approaches three species which I

have seen—S. bifasciatum, Matth. (Madagascar), S. quadri-

maculatum, Matth. (Ceylon), and S. flaviventre, Matth.

(Ceylon), Mon. pp. 53, 54. — S. bifasciatum is slightly

longer in proportion, more tapering behind, much more finely

punctured, with the basal thoracic series much less distinct,

and the light marks on the elytra less sharply defined and

differently arranged. S. quadrimaculatum and S. flaviventre

are both larger and differently shaped in outline, having the

elytra less parallel-sided and broadening out rather more

behind the shoulders ; both have the dise of the thorax dark

red instead of pitchy black and the marks on the elytra much

smaller; moreover, the upper surface is entirely glabrous,

the punctures being devoid of even sueh minute hairs as are

present in S. picaultianum. The latter is quite distinct from

any of the three.

Toe. Seychelles: Silhouette Island, 1908.

Fifteen specimens. Nine were beaten from dead palm-

leaves on the Mare aux Cochons plateau, over 1000 feet,

25. ix. 1908 ; five others are from the same locality, though

how obtained is not recorded ; and one is from the other side

of the island, near Mont Pot-a-eau.

Named after Captain Lazare Picault, who commanded one

of the earliest expe litions to the Seychelles, in 1742 *.

2. Sacium grossinianum, sp. n.

(PI. I. figs. 4-6.)

Oblongo-ovale, supra sat nitidum, subtiliter dense punctatum atque

pubescens, piceo-nigrum, thoracis margine anteriore late testaceo,

elytris fasciis 2 transversis rufo-flavis, in sutura interdum an-

guste interruptis; metasterno et segmento 1° abdominis nigris,

thorace subtus et segmentis posterioribus rufescentibus, pedibus

antennisque rufo-flavis, harum clavis haud nigricantibus.

Long. corp. 1°15 mm.

Oblong-oval, with thorax rather long, its anterior margin

forming a curve that narrows considerably in front, and

with elytra nearly parallel-sided, but considerably broader

than the thorax at their widest point ; upper surface fairly

shining, covered with fine, short, decumbent, pale pubescence.

* For this and other historical particulars, see J. Stanley Gardiner,

“The Seychelles Archipelago,” Geographical Journal, Feb. 1907,

pp. 148-174.

10 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophidee from the

Colour: thorax pitchy black, with front margin rather

broadly reddish testaceous; elytra pitchy black, with two

broad transverse reddish-yellow fasciz, the anterior or both

of which may be narrowly interrupted by darker colour at

the suture, thus almost forming four separate marks; in one

example the scutellum is included in the anterior pale fascia,

in another it is darker; metasternum and first abdominal

segment pitchy black, posterior segments paler ; underside of

thorax, legs, and antennee reddish yellow, clubs of the an-

tenne not black. Zhorawx and elytra closely and very finely

punctured, the punctures twice their own diameter, or rather

more, apart; the thorax has no distinct basal series, but an

impressed line immediately before the base ; sutural stria

present but vanishing in nearly the anterior 4; lateral mar-

gins of elytra reflexed through about 2 the length from the

shoulder, visible from directly above. Wings apparently

ample, but not dissected out. Metasternum and abdomen

finely and closely punctured and pubescent.

Prosternum (PI. 1. fig. 6) much longer than in Sactum

picaultianum, forming in front of each coxa a bridge about

half as broad in an antero-posterior direction as the dimen-

sions of the coxe in the same direction, and having a

sharply elevated median longitudinal keel. A balsam-

preparation of the mouth-parts shows that the mentum

(Pl. I. fig. 5) is broader, not pointed in front, more like

Matthews’s figure (pl. i. D 6).

Several species resemble this in general scheme of colour,

but its pubescent surface distinguishes it in many cases, and

I have seen none very closely similar to it. Among thie

other Seychelles species it is abundantly distinct from

S. picaultianum by its pubescence, its narrower form, finer

punctuation, longer prosternum, by the confluence of the

light marks on the elytra to form transverse fasciz, Kc.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette Island.

‘Three examples, fiom the same place as most of the pre-

ceding species, the Mare aux Cochons plateau or near by,

ix. 1908.

Named in memory of Captain Grossin, a member of

Picault’s expedition to the Seychelles in 1742.

3. Sacium roslanianum, sp. n.

(Pl. I. figs. 7 & 8.)

Late ovale, supra nitidissimum, tote glabrum, modice sat dense

punctatum ; piceo-nigrum, margine anteriore thoracis late pallide

testaceo, elytro utroque macula singula media rufo-flava, corpore

Seychelles and Rangoon. 11

subtus piceo, pedibus piceis vel fusco-testaceis, antennarum clayis

fuscis.

Long. corp. 1:0 mm.

Rather shortly and broadly oval, with thorax forming

almost a perfect semicircle (not a narrowing curve), and

elytra considerably wider than the thorax, reaching their

widest point a little before the middle ; shining and entirely

glabrous above. Colour: pitchy black ; front margin of the

thorax broadly pale testaceous and translucent ; each elytron

has a median pale spet, narrowly separated from its neigh-

bour at the suture, more widely separated from the outer

margin ; in one specimen the spots are clear yellow, in others

darker, reddish, and suffused; the black ground-colour is

slightly diluted at the apices of the elytra ; underside pitehy ;

legs pitchy or fusco-testaceous, with paler tibiae; head and

clubs of antenne dark. Thorax. and elytra moderately

strongly and closely punctured ; lateral margins of elytra

reflexed throughout the greater part of their length, visible

from directly above ; sutural stria present, vanishing in the

anterior portion. Wings apparently ample, but not dissected

out. Metasternum and abdomen with remote punctures

bearing fine short hairs, the former nearly impunctate in the

middle.

Prosternum in front of each coxa forming a bridge of con-

siderable breadth in an antero-posterior direction, and having

an elevated median longitudinal keel, 7. e, approaching the

condition found in Sacium grossinianum (cf. fig. 6). The

balsam-preparation of the mouth-parts shows that the mentum

(fig. 8) is rather narrow and bluntly pointed in front, the

apical joints of the /abial palyt shorter than the second (con-

trast S. picaultianum), and the penultimate (third) joints

of the maxillary palpt proportionately longer than in some

other species.

Sacium concinnum, Matth. (Ceylon), S. formosum, Matth.

(Ceylon), and 8. politum, Matth. (Japan) [Mon. pp. 52, 56,

57], all have the same general scheme of colour—each elytron

with a single. pale mark on a dark ground. S. roslanianum

is, however, quite distinct from them all. S. concinnum is

differently shaped, having the elytra very little wider than

the thorax, its punctuation is much closer, and the ligit

marks on the elytra are more longitudinal in direction and

much more widely separated from the outer margins and

from one another. SS. formosum is larger, longer, and

narrower, with thorax forming a longer narrowing curve ;

also its thorax is reddish instead of black, and the pale marks

lie farther back on the elytra and are much more widely

12 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophidee from the

separated at the suture; the punctuation also is finer.

S. politum is much larger, proportionately longer, and nar-

rower, with red thorax; its pale marks are much shorter in

an antero- -posterior direction—2. e., they form a narrow trans-

verse fascia on the elytra.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette and Mahé, 1908-9.

Five specimens, from the high forests. In Silhouette two

were found, near Mont Pot-d-eau (ca. 1500 feet), and at

Mare aux Cochons ; in Mahé three, from Cascade Estate at

about 1000 feet, and from the Mare aux Cochons district

at about 1500 feet.

Named after Monsieur du Roslan, under whom an early

expedition visited the Seychelles in 1769.

4. Sacium rochonianum, Sp. ne

(PL. I. fig. 9.)

Minutum, ovale, supra nitidissimum, glaberrimum, omnino impune-

tatum ; thorace rufo-flavo ; elytris piceo-nigris, vel unicoloribus,

vel fascia pallida transversa suffusa, plus minusve distincta,

munitis ; metasterno piceo-nigro, abdomine rufescente, ore an-

tennis pedibus flavis, antennarum clayis haud nigricantibus.

Long. corp. 0°9-1:0 mm.

“Minute, oval, the front margin of the thorax forming an

elliptical curve narrowing slightly in front, sides of the elytra

gradually curved, reaching their widest point a little before

the middle; very shining, absolutely impunctate, and

glabrous above. Colour: thorax unicolorous reddish yellow,

rather paler at the front margin ; scutellum in most examples

reddish yellow, in some darker; elytra pitchy black, diluter

at the apices ; in some specimens practically unicolorous, but

in most there is near the suture just behind the middle a

paler area, which, though very indistinct in some, in other

cases forms a suffused transverse pale fascia; metasternum

pitchy black, underside of thorax yellowish testaceous, of

abdomen reddish; head, antenne, and legs yellow, clubs

of the antenne not darkened. Hlytra with lateral margins

narrowly reflexed throughout most of their length from the

shoulder, these margins visible from above immediately

behind the shoulder and again in the posterior half, but

scarcely visible (or invisible) for a short space just before

the middle; sutural stria present, extending forwards a little

beyond the middle. Wings apparently ample, but not

dissected out. Aletasternum quite smooth, glabrous, and

impunetate in the middle, with scanty very short pubescence

at the sides; abdomen with longer yellowish pubescence.

Seychelles and Rangoon. 13

Prosternum formed rather as in Sacium picaultianum, very

short, forming only a very narrow bridge in front of each

coxa, and sloping steeply upwards (2. e., dorsalwards) in the

middle in front, not forming a median keel. The balsam-

preparation of the mouth-parts shows that the mentum (fig. 9)

is broader than long (contrast S. picaulttanum).

No species which I have seen is closely like this. The

Hawaiian S. angusticolle, Scott (1908, p. 416), resembles it

in its minute size and general colour-scheme—red thorax and

black elytra. But S. angusticolle is distinctly though finely

punctured and pubescent above, and is proportionately longer

and narrower, less oval in outline, and with elytra less

broadened about the middle.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, 1908.

Fifteen examples, all from the high endemic forest above

Mare aux Cochons, well over 1000 feet.

Named after the Abbé Rochon, a member of du Roslan’s

expedition in 1769; he left a written record, and his name

has been given to a river in Mahé.

ARTHROLIPS, Wollaston.

The material includes three species—A. flavicollis, Matth.,

hitherto known from Java, an example of which is now

recorded from Rangoon; A. insule-longe, sp. n., from the

Seychelles ; and an undetermined species from the Seychelles.

Since the appearance of Matthews’s Monograph, Fauvel

(1903) has described three new species from New Caledonia,

and Reitter (1908) two new species from Hast Africa. But

those before me do not appear to be identical with any of

these.

5. Arthrolips flavicollis, Matthews.

Arthrolips flavicollis, Matthews, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (5) vol. xix.

1887, p. 107 ; Mon. Corylophide, p. 92.

One example, agreeing closely with the type.

Loc. Rangoon; from nest of Munia striuta, 9, x. 1911

(Dr. H. H. Marshall). Previously recorded from Java.

6. Arthrolips insule-longe, sp. n.

CPIAT, fos 10.- BL.)

Sat breviter ovalis, convexus, nitidus, castaneus, fere unicolor, sed

elytris ad latera et antice ad suturam indistincte infuscatis, pedi-

bus antennisque castaneis, harum clavis haud_ nigricantibus ;

corpore supra subtusque dense punctato, pallide pubescente.

Long. corp. 1:15-1°25 mm,

14 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

Rather shortly oval, more convex than several of its con-

geners, shining, castaneous, almost unicolorous above and

beneath, but with the front margin of the thorax paler and a

dark mark on its dise where the head shows through the

chitin, and with indistinct dark areas along the sides of the

elytra and near the front part of the suture, the latter forming

a median dark mark common to the two elytra; legs and

antennee castaneous, the latter with the clubs not darker ;

body above and beneath covered with fine pale yellowish

pubescence. Thorax with base almost straight, only very

slightly sinuate on either side of the scutellum, with surface

finely punctured, the punctures about twice their own diameter

apart. Seutellum finely punctured. /ytra about as long as

their combined breadth, with sutural stria indistinet (not indi-

eated in fig. 10 and in some positions hardly visible) and

obsolete in the anterior 4, more strongly punctured than the

thorax, punctures about twice their own diameter apart;

reflexion of lateral margins very slight, scarcely noticeable

from above. Wings apparently ample, but not dissected out.

Ventral surface closely punctured, except the middle of the

metasternum, which is almost impunetate.

It is not easy to describe the differences separating this

form from others. It is not identical with any species I have

seen. The following four are selected from Matthews’s

collection for comparison, as they seem nearest to it. A. testu-

dinalis, Woll, (Madeira), is larger, less convex, more parallel-

sided, with the dark areas at the sides and suture of the

elytra contrasting much more strongly with the paler areas

between, and the elytral punctures very much closer.

A. croceus, Matth. (Siam), is narrower, much less convex,

more parallel-sided, and muck paler and yellower; in punctua-

tion it is not unlike A. ¢nsule-longe. ‘The same remarks

apply very nearly to A. senegalensis, Matth. A. westwood,

Matth. (Ceylon), is larger, proportionately longer, less convex,

and generally lighter in colour, though with the darker areas

on the elytra much the same as those of A. ¢nsule-longe@ ; its

antenne are much lighter coloured, being bright yellow; in

punctuation it is not far removed from <A. insule-longe.

The Jatter differs from all these four species in its shorter,

more convex, less parallel-sided form, as well as in the other

ways mentioned in each separate case,

Reitter (1908, p. 61) has described a species—A. centri-

maculatus, from East Africa—which seems to resemble

A. insule-longe in many respects; but without seeing a

specimen it is hard to say exactly how the two forms are

related. A, centrimaculatus is described as “ breviter ovalis,”’

Seychelles and Rangoon. 15

but as “levissime convexus”? and “dilute fulvus,” whereas

A. insule-longe is more convex than several of its congeners

and dark castaneous. The dark areas on the elytra of

A. centrimaculatus appear to be in the same positions as those

of A. insule-longe.

Loc. Seychelles: Long Island, a small coconut-planted

islet close to Mahé, vii. 1908. Hight specimens, obtained by

beating (probably from coconut-trees).

7. Arthrolips sp.

A single specimen, in bad condition, with one elytron

broken. So far as can be seen, the form is rather depressed

and suboblong—that is, more nearly parallel-sided than in

some allied species. Shining, thorax and elytra pitchy black,

the thorax paler (dirty ferruginous) in front, and the apices

of the elytra, where the light shows through, appearing

pitchy ferruginous. Underside of thorax ferruginous, meta-

sternum and first abdominal segment pitchy, hind margins

of abdominal segments testaceous. Legs ferruginous ; clubs

of antenne not black. Body above covered with fine pale

pubescence, much worn in the unique example. Thorax

very finely and subobsoletely punctured. Scutellum and

elytra with stronger, larger punctures, about their own

diameter apart; sutural stria very fine and close to the

-suture, but distinguishable through almost the whole length

of the elytron excepting right at the base. Wings present,

but not examined. Ventra//y, metasternum and first abdo-

minal segment finely and rather closely punctured, the punc-

tuation reticulate towards the sides; the pale pubescence is

rather dense, especially towards the sides of the sternum and

hind margins of the abdominal segments,

Length 1:0 mm.

As the specimen is unique and in bad condition, I have

not named it, though it is not identical with any exaniples

J have seen. A, odlongus, Matth. (Japan), has the same

shape and colour, but is much larger and differently punc-

tured, its thoracic punctures being stronger, while conversely

the elytral punctures are finer and more remote.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, from Mare aux Cochons or

the forest near by, over 1000 feet, 1908.

| Merroperus, Matthews.

Meioderus, Matthews, Mon. Corylophide, p. 102.

This genus was erected to include a single species—J/. niti-

dus, Matth., from Japan,—till now its only known repre-

16 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

sentative. The new form described below agrees closely with

M. nitidus in generic characters—in general shape, form of

antenne, mouth-parts, sterna, tarsi, &c.,—but is quite distinct

in specific characters.

8. Meioderus quinssyanus, sp. n.

(PI. IL. fig. 12.)

Sat late ovalis, supra fortiter nitidus, omnino glaber ; prothorace

unicolore, rufo, scutello elytrisque unicoloribus, piceis, corpore

subtus fusco-testaceo, pedibus antennisque testaceis, harum clavis -

haud nigricantibus; prothorace fere impunctato, elytris subtiliter

remote punctatis, sine stria suturali.

Long. corp. ca. 1:1 mm.

Rather broadly oval, moderately convex, very shining,

and quite glabrous above. Colour: prothorax unicolorous

reddish, the colour broadly diluted at the translucent front

margin, scutellum and elytra unicolorous pitchy, underside

brownish testaceous, legs and antennz testaceous, clubs of

antenne not blackened. Thorax rather short, its front mar-

gin forming a wide curve; for ordinary purposes it may be

called impunctate, though under a very high power a few

very remote and exceedingly fine punctures are visible, as

indicated in fig. 12. Elytra gradually curved, with lateral

margin narrowly reflexed, though when viewed from directly

above this is generally visible only in front, as shown in

fig. 12 ; punctures fine, remote, shallow, slightly elongate ;

sutural stria entirely absent. Wings ample (mounted in

balsam). Metasternum and first abdominal segment glabrous,

the former impunctate in the middle, finely and remotely

punctured at the sides, the latter finely and remotely punc-

tured.

M. nitidus, Matth., is larger, more elongate-ovate in out-

line, with thorax much darker; the elytra are much deeper

black, their punctuation is, if anything, a little stronger, and

a sutural stria is discernible in the posterior part; the ventral

surface is much blacker and the metasternum more closely

punctured at thesides. When the ventral surfaces of M. nitz-

dus and M. quinssyanus are viewed side by side the greater

relative breadth ot M. guinssyanus is apparent, and the cox

of its middle and posterior pairs of legs look even more

widely distant, inter se, in spite of its smaller actual size.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, viii.—ix. 1908.

Four examples, one from near Mont Pot-a-eau, at about

1500 feet, three from Mare aux Coclhions, about 1000 feet.

This species is named after Monsieur Le Queau de Quinssy,

Seychelles and Rangoon. i

last of the French Governors of the Seychelles, who served

the Monarchy, the Republic, the Empire, and, finally, the

British Government.

SERICODERUS, Stephens.

(PL. Ti. tiem, 13—F7.)

Subgenus ANISOMERISTES (Matthews),

Anisomeristes, Matthews, Ent. Mo, Mag. xxii, 1886, p. 225; Mon.

Corylophide, p. 108.

Sericoderus, pars, Reitter,

Anisomeristes, treated by Reitter, and here, as a subgenus

of Sertcoderus, is separated from true Sericoderus by having

11-jointed instead of 10-jointed antenne. Otherwise the

species of the two subgenera are closely alike, and it is’

impossible without examination of the antennze to decide in

which of them any particular form should be placed.

The difference is caused by the fusion of two joints—joint 3

and the succeeding one—in Sericoderus, s. str. But in some

species at least of this subgenus there is a fine transverse

line on the third joint, showing where the division would be

if it were present. Fig. 17, made from a balsam-preparation,

shows the antenna of a British specimen in the Crotch Col-

lection placed as S. lateralis; fig. 17a shows the elongated

third joint more highly magnified, and it is clear, both from

the shape of the joint and the presence of the transverse line,

that it is made up of two joints fused. Figs. 16, 16a illus-

trate the antenna of S. (A.) pubipennis, Sharp (Hawaiian

Islands), and figs. 15, 15a give that of S. (A.) seychellensis,

sp.n. In pubspennis the separation of the joints is complete,

but not so marked as in seychellensis ; in pulbipennis the two

joints fit together very closely, while in seychellensis the

distal one is distinctly narrowed at its base. ‘he condition in

S. (A.) pubipennis, therefore, seems to be transitional be-

tween that in S. (A.) seychellensis and that in S. (s. str.) late-

ralis. The antenne also exhibit other differences in length

and in the proportions of the joints inter se. But appear-

ances are sometimes deceptive, and much depends on the

exact position in which the antenna is lying in the balsam.

In many descriptions of Sericoderus spp. no mention is made

of the antenne, and the subgeneric position of some species

is not satisfactorily established. Owing to this inadequacy

of descriptions, it is hard to say exactly how certain described

species are related to the Seychelles form. I have named the

latter S. (A.) seychellensis, though it may possibly prove to

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 2

18 Mr. H. Scott on Gorylophide from the

be identical with some described species which I have not

seen,

Condition of hind wings: see ante (p. 4) and below.

9. Sericoderus (Anisomerstes) seychellensis, sp. n.

(PI. IL. figs. 13-15.)

Obconicus, nitidus, unicolor flavo-testaceus, pedibus antennisque

? . 2 . . . Y . P

flavescentibus, harum clavis haud nigricautibus, sat longe aureo-

. 7.* 5 - 2, 2 *

‘pilosus ; prothorace “stbtiliter punctato, inter punctos levi;

elytris fortius punctatis, inter punctos parum asperatis ; antennis

curtis.

Long. corp. 0°75+1:0 mm.

Obconic, of the form characteristic of Svricoderus—that 1s,

with thorax broader than elytra and produced at the hind

angles, and with. elytra narrowing gradually from the base

backwards, subtruncate at the apices, and with sides straight,

not curved. 8, (A.) seychellensis is narrower in proportion

than some of its congeners. Itis shining, unicolorous yellow-

testaceous, with legs and antenne yellowish, the clubs of the

latter not (or only very slightly) darkened. Body covered

above and below with golden pubescence, rather coarser and

longer than, and not quite so close as, in some species. Thorax

smooth, very finely punctured ; elytra rougher, with coarser

punctuation, which extends right to the base. Wings con-

siderably longer than elytra (mounted in balsam).

Of all the forms which I have seen, the Hawaiian S. (A.)

pubipennis, Sharp*, is nearest to S. (A.) seychellensis, but it

is larger and has the pubescence and punctuation ¢ denser.

Tt also differs in the form of the antennal joints (figs..15, 15 a).

In seychellensis the antenne are short, less than 14 times the

breadth of the head, while in pubipennis they measure over

14 times the breadth of the head. In seychellensis joint 2

is short and conspicuously broad in proportion, 3 and 4 are

short and transverse, and the division between them is con-

spicuous, 4 being narrowed at its base, 5 is very little broader

than long, 6 much more PRD EN OT, 7 conspicuously larger

than 8, and the club-joints are short, 9 and 10 both being

broader than long. In pubipennis (figs. 16, 16 a) joint 2 is

proportionately much longer, 4 is differently shaped and

much less narrowed at its base, 9 and 10 are longer, being

about as long as broad. Perhaps characters of a more defi-

nite nature than some of those hitherto used may be found in

* Ty. Dublin Soe. iii. 1885, p. 128; Matthews, Mon. Conylopbide,

p- 121; Scott, ‘Fauna Lawaiiensis,’ iii. p. 417 (1908).

Seychelles and Rangoon. 19

the antenne to distinguish a number of forms superficially

much alike.

Among species which I have not seen, S. etchelbaumi,

Reitter (1908, p. 62, H. Africa), seems to resemble S, (A.)

seychellensis in some respects, but to differ (as, according to

Reitter, 1. ¢., does also the Australian S. pallidulus, Reitter)

in having the punctuation of the elytra obsolete towards the

base; also eichvlbaumi and pallidulus presumably belong to

the subgenus Sericoderus, s. str., though this is not actually

stated. Certain forms have been described from Australta

by Lea* and from New Zealand by Brount, but it is

impossible to say exactly how they are related to 8. (A,)

seychellensis. S. (A.) pecirkanus, Reitter (1908), from

Egypt, is, according to the description, different in shape,

colour, and nature of the pubescence.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette and Mahé, 1903-9.

Over fifty specimens, varying considerably in size. In

Silhouette several were swept from a grassy clearing at over

1000 feet, 30. vii. 1908, and a large number were beaten

all together from one place on the edge of the forest at Mare

aux Cochons, over 1000 feet, in the late afternoon of 18. ix.

1908; others were found in various localities both in the

high forests and at lower elevations, In Mahé examples

were taken in the high forest of Morne Blanc, on Cascade

Estate, &c.

DAUBANIA, gen, nov.

(Pl. 1. fig. 18; PI. IIL. figs. 19, 21-24.)

Antenne (ut in Oligarthro) 8-articulatie, sed ab eis Oligarthri in

forma articulorum differentes. Caput sub pronoto omnino ob-

tectum. Genus in forma mandibulorum, maxillarum, labu,

Corylopho affinis, sed ab hoc genere in numero articulorum

-antennarum differt.

Form (fig. 18) oval, narrowed behind, moderately convex,

glabrous above. Head entirely concealed beneath pronotum.

Antenne (fig. 19) 8-jointed ; joint 1 long, thickened, curved

towards base; 2 pyriform, over twice as long as broad ;

8 slender at base, a little longer than broad ; 4 small, a little

broader than long; 5 may be reckoned as part of the club, it

and 6 are about as long as broad; 7 is rather broader than

long; 8 is longer than broad and tapers to a blunt apex.

Labrum (fig. 21) transversely oblong, anterior angles

rounded, anterior margin slightly bisinuate. Mandibles

* Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. x. p. 309 (1895).

+ Man. New Zealand Cgl. part 5, p. 1072 (1893).

20 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophidee from the

(fig. 22) armed on the inner margin with a comb of long fine

teeth, becoming gradually shorter towards the base. Maaille

(fig. 23) with the lobe finely setose; mazillary palp with

joint 2 large, obliquely truncate at apex, greatly produced

and rounded at the outer apical angle, which bears six long

slender laminate processes (cf. Corylophus, Matth. Mon.

pl. iv. fig. D5), each of which becomes gradually broader

from the base outwards, then tapers to a sharp apex ; the

outermost one is much the longest and is curved, the others

become gradually shorter inwards, the innermost ones being

almost the same length; joint 3 very short, transverse ;

joint 4 a little broader than long, produced at the inner apical

angle, rounded off at the outer angle, bearing short hairs on

the almost truncate apex. Labium (fig. 24), so far as can be

discerned, shaped like a spear-head; ligula very large and

broadly spatulate, truncate at apex, narrowed at base; lalial

palpi short and broad ; joints 2 and 3 both broader than long,

2 shaped Jike an asymmetrical cup produced on the outer

side, 3 a little narrower at its base than the apex of 2, its

truncate apex shortly setose. Prothorax semicircular, ante-

rior margin explanate, base bisinuate, hind angles produced.

Scutellum triangular, broader than long, apex blunt. Elytra

very slightly broader behind the shoulders than the base of

the thorax, gradually narrowing behind ; outer margins not

much curved, explanate for about 2 of their length, the

explanate margin disappearing in the posterior } ; posterior

outer angles broadly rounded off, posterior inner angles

slightly rounded ; a fine sutural stria is present, but vanishes

in the anterior 4 of the elytra. Wangs ample (mounted in

balsam). Pygidium rounded, projecting a little beyond the

elytra. Middle cove moderately, hind cove widely, distant.

Type of the genus, Daubania seychellarum, sp. n.

The only other known genus of Corylophide with 8-jointed

antenne is Oligarthrum, Matthews (Mon. p. 127, pl. iv.

fig. C), established for a single species, O. waterhouse/,

Matth., described from a unique example from Chili. In

Oligarthrum, however, antennal joints 2-5 differ absolutely

in actual form and relative proportions from the corresponding

ones In Vaubania, as will be seen by comparing figs. 19 and

20, the latter of which is copied from Matthews’s Monograph ;

so that, unless many intermediate gradations come to light,

the two insects can hardly be classed in one genus.

The mouth-parts of Ol/garthrum have not been dissected,

but Matthews states that, so far as he could see, they re-

sembled those of Corylophus. This resemblance is also

maiked in Daubania, as will be seen by comparing my

Seychelles and Rangoon. 21

figures of the latter with Matthews’s illustrations of Cory-

lophus.

Daubania is dedicated to Monsieur and Madame Edouard

Dauban, owners of the island of Silhouette, Seychelles.

10. Daubania seychellarum, sp. n.

Cel. 1. fe 13: Pin iin. figs, 19, 21-24. )

Nitida, supra glabra, prothorace rufo, elytris piceo-nigris ad apicem

parum dilutioribus, ore antennis pedibus rufo-testaceis, anten-

narum clavis infuscatis; prothorace subtiliter obsolete punctato,

elytris sat dense strigoso-punctatis.

Long. corp. 0°38 mm.

With the characters of the genus. Colour: thorax red,

anterior margin paler, translucent; scutellum and elytra

pitehy black, the latter diluter towards the apex ; underside

reddish brown; legs, mouth, and antenna reddish testaceous,

the antenne with clubs infuscate. Sculpture &c.: disc of

thorax finely and obsoletely punctured; elytra closely punc-

tured, punctures separated by more than their own diameter,

produced into channels or striz, the general direction of

which is longitudinal, though near the suture they become

oblique ; though quite distinct, these stria are not very deep,

aud under high lights sometimes only the actual punctures

are visible. Pygidium finely pubescent. Metasternum with

surface finely alutaceous at the sides, smooth in the middle,

and with punctuation and pubescence very scanty ; in one

specimen examined it is bare of pubescence in the middle,

the first abdominal segment is also nearly bare and has a

median longitudinal depression; in another example this

depression is absent, the segiwent is more pubescent, and the

metasternum has some scanty pubescence in the middle in

front. These differences possibly may be in part sexual

(cf. Rhypobius, p. 26). The other ventral segments are finely

punctured and pubescent.

This species is quite distinct in general appearance fiom all

other Seychelles Corylophide by its minute size, strigosely

punctured elytra, &. No species of any genus in Matthews’s

collection superficially resembles it. Oligarthrum water-

house is quite different, being larger, unicolorous blackish,

with hind angles of thorax less produced and elytral punc-

tures not drawn out into striole.

Loe. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé, Praslin Islands, 1508-9.

Fourteen examples: in Silhouette, collected at Mare aux

Cochons plateau or from the forest near by, over 1000 feet ;

22 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

in Mahé, from country above Port Glaud, 500-1000 feet,

and from the forest on Cascade Estate, between 800 and

2000 feet ; Praslin, Cétes d’Or Estate.

._ Lewistum, Matthews.

(Pl. ILI. fies. 25-28, 30; Pl. IV. figs. 31, 32, 34, 35.)

Lewisium, Matthews, Mon. Corylophide, 1899, p. 164, pl. v. fig. A.

Lewisium was established for two species—L. ceylonicum,

Matth. (op. cit. p. 166), and L. japonicum, Matth. (op. cit.

p. 167), and no further representative of the genus has since

been described. My material contains a long series of a

species’from the Seychelles, which is referred “to Lewisium

on account of its very close general resemblance to L. cey-

lonicum, but which in the form of its antenne and mouth-

parts differs from that species and in some ways more closely

resembles Catoptyx bowringt, Matth. (Java), the type of

the genus Catoptyx*. The Seychelles form Ch seychellea-

num, sp. n.) thus seems in some respects intermediate between

the types of Lewistwm and Catoptyx, and an examination of

the actual parts in L. ceylonicum and L. seychelleanum, and

comparison with Matthews’s figures of Catoptyx renders one

rather doubtful whether the differences between Lewistum and

Catoptya are more than specific. But one of the chief

diagnostic characters of Catoptyx is that it has the anterior

angles of the pronotum abruptly inflexed and closely fitted to

the sides of the head, and of this there is no trace in L. sey-

chelleanum. Therefore I do not propose to sink Lewistum as

a synonym of the earlier name Catoptye.

Antenne, mouth-paris, &e.—The antenna of L. seychelle-

anum (figs. 25, 25a) has the basal joint much thicker, the

third joint proportionately much longer, than that of L. cey-

lonicum (figs. 26, 26a). This forms a ready means of

distinction in balsam-preparations. The labrum of Ly. sey-

chelleanum (fig. 27) is intermediate between that of Lewisewm

and that of -Catoptyx bowringi as figured by Matthews

(copied in figs. 28, 29), being considerably more tapering

than the former but much less acuminate than the latter.

The mandibles of L. seychelleanum are bifid at the distal

extremity, each of the two apices being armed with two or

three hooks (figs. 30, 80 a}—~. e., rather more complex than

those of Catoptyx bowring?, which, according to Matthews

(pl. vi. fig. B4), have only a single hook at each apex, but

* Catoptyx, Matthews, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vol. xix, 1887,

p- 111; Mon. Corylophidee, p- 167, pl. vi,-fig, B 1-7,

Seychelles and Rangoon, 23

without the serrations that extend some way down the

mandibles of L. ceylonicum (cf. Matthews, pl. v. fig. A 4).

Maaillary palpi ot L. seychelleanum (fig. 31) with joint 2

much less curved and inflated outwardly, and the apical joint

shorter and blunter, than those of ZL. ceylonteum (fig. 32) ;

mawillary lobes of L. seychelleanum slender, sharply pointed,

with inner edge serrate near the apex [Matthews heures the

lobes in Lewistum as unarmed ; but a balsam-preparation of

the maxilla of L, ceylonicum (fis. 32) shows about six minute

teeth near the apex, though these are scattered on the suiface,

not arranged in a serrate edge as in L. seychelleanum].

Fig. 33, copied from Matthews, shows the maxilla of Cafo-

ptyax bowrengi for comparison. ’ Labial palpi of L. seychelle-

anum (tig. 34) lying Hearty contiguous, not spread apart as

in L. ceylonicum (fig. 33) *; fig. 36, copied from Matthews,

shows the parts in Catoptyw bowringi. Therefore in the

maxillz and labium L. seychelleanwm seems in several points

to resemble Catoptyx bowringi more closely. Tarsi of all

three pairs in L. seychelleanum broadly dilated and bilobed,

the lobes pubescent.

11. Lewisium seychelleanum, sp. n.

(Pl. IIL. figs. 25, 27, 30; PI. IV. figs. 31, 34.)

Late ovale, postice perparum angustatum, valde convexum, niti-

dissimum, supra glabrum; piceo-nigrum, prothoracis margine

antico pallide testaceo et pellucido, disco prothoracis ante scu-

tellum, scutello ipso, elytrorum sutura et marginibus exterioribus

(his anguste) piceo-rufis, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis,

antennarum clavis haud nigricantibus; prothorace fere impunc-

tato, elytris dense sat fortiter confuse punctatis. Lewisio ceylonico

simile, sed statura minus, et differt in forma antennarum, man-

dibulorum, &c., que vide supra.

Long. corp. 1:05-1'1 mm.

Broadly oval, slightly narrowed behind, very convex, very

shining, elabrous. Pitchy black, with anterior margin of

the thorax pale testaceous and pellucid, and the middle of the

dise of the thorax before the base, together with the scutellum

and suture of the elytra, lighter—z. e., pitchy reddish ; outer

margins of the elytra also narrowly reddish -[in a few speci-

mens the reddish colour is more extended and the whole body

is a little lighter] ; underside pitchy reddish, centre of meta-

sternum and first abdominal segment darker; legs, mouth,

* Too much reliance must not be placed on this differ rence, Which may

be partly due to greater pressure of the coverslip in one preparation than

in the other.

24 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophidee from the

and antenne reddish tastaceous, clubs of the antenne not

blackened. Thorax and scutellum under a powerful hand-

lens appearing impunctate, but under a compound microscope

the thorax is seen to bear numerous very fine subobsolete

punctures. . Hlytra closely and strongly punctured, punctures

separated by once to twice their own diameter ; sutural stria

not distinguishable. Wings dissected out and found to be

ample. Jdetasternum rather closely and strongly punctured

towards the sides, but with the elevated central part almost

impunctate. Aldumen ventrally clothed with fairly close,

fine, short hairs.

In general appearance closely resembling L. ceylonicum,

Matth., which is, however, distinctly larger. The example

of L. ceylonicum betore me appears a very little less convex,

has scarcely any reddish colour along the suture of the

elytra, the elytra even more strongly punctured, and the

metasternum almost impunctate at the sides as well as slightly

less elevated in the middle. But differences of a more

definite character lie in the form of antenne and mouth-parts,

as stated above.

L. seychelleanum is quite distinct in size and general

appearance from the other previously described species of the

genus—1z. e., L. gaponicum, Matth., and also from Catoptyx

bowringt, Matth. A second species of Catoptyx has been

described recently by Sahlberg (1913)— C. levantinus, from

the Lebanon ; but this is said to have the elytra ‘‘ obsolete

punctata” and the third joint of the antenna as long as broad,

and must be quite different from L. seychelleanum.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé, Long, Praslin, and

Félicité Islands, 1908-9. Found much more abundantly

than any other species, over 190 specimens being taken ; the

distribution seems fairly general, from sea-level and the

cultivated country up into the endemic forests. In Silhouette

many examples were collected from near Mont Pot-a-eau,

ca. 1500 feet, and from Mare aux Cochons; a number were

swept from long grass; one is recorded as beaten from dead

palm-leaves ; two were found in fallen dry branches con-

taining nests of the ant Pheidole punctulata, Mayr (A. Forel

det.), on the coast near Pointe Htienne, 17. ix. 1908. In

Mahé, generally distributed from the cultivated country up

to elevations of over 1000 feet. In Long Island, a cultivated

islet near Mahé, a specimen was taken from the beach just

above high-water mark.

Seychelles and Rangoon. 25

Ruypostius, Leconte.

Rhypobius, Leconte, Proc. Ac, Philad. vi. 1852, p. 141. :

Moronillus, Jacqu-Duval, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1854, Bull. p. 38 ;

Gen. Col. Eur. vol. ii. 1857-59, p. 254.

Nec Gleosoma, Wollaston, Ins. Mader. 1854, p. 480, pl. x. fig. 7.

Rhypobius, founded on the North-American FR. marinus,

Leconte, was originally (but erroneously) described as having

Y-jointed antem.a. AMoroni/lus was erected to contain the

European JW, ruficolis, Duval, and was correctly described

as having the antenne of eleven joints, In 1883 Leconte

and Horn [Classif. Col. N. Amer. (Smithson, Mise. Coll.

xxvi.) p. 113] asserted that Rhypobius and Moronillus are

really the same, and admitted that Leconte had wrongly

stated the number of antennal joints in his original descrip-

tion of Rhypobius. Matthews also followed these writers in

regarding Merenillus as a synonym of Rhypobius (Mon.

Coryloph. p. 173). Ganglbauer, however (Kiaf. Mitteleur.

ili. 1899, p. 283, footnote), was not satisfied that the number

of antennal joints is really the same in the two cases, and

therefore employed the name Moronillus as distinct from

Rhypobius. I have made a balsam-preparation of the an-

tenna of a specimen of L. marinus, Leconte, from Matthews’s

Collection. Itis undoubtedly 11-jointed, and closely resembles

that of 2. aquilinus, sp. n. (fig. 38). - Leconte and Horn and

Matthews were therefore right in regarding the number of

joints as the same in the type-species of Rhypobctus and

Moronillus. The character separating the two disappears,

and Moronillus must be treated as a synonym of Rhypobius.

A preparation of the antenna of the West-Indian 2. brevi-

cornis, Matth., also shows eleven joints.

These remarks, however, do not apply to Gleosoma,

Wollaston. This genus was founded tor Glwosoma velox,

Woll., which was described from a unique example found in

Madeira, but of which other examples, subsequently taken

in Nortli Africa, are also to be seen in the British Museum.

Wollaston described and figured the genus as having 10-

jointed antennze (an assertion which I am glad to be able to

confirm, below). But Duval, in his Gen. Col. Europe, sank

Glaosoma asasynonym of his genus Moronillus. To this

Wollaston replied in his ‘ Coleoptera Atlantidum’ (1865,

pp- 93-5, and footnotes), saying that he had carefully

re-examined the type of G. velox, and was convinced that his

original figure and description were correct, that the antennee

were really 10-jointed, and that the joints differed in form

26 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

inter se from those of Aforonillus. Nevertheless, Leconte and

Horn and Matthews regarded Glevsoma (like Moronillus) as

a synonym of Fhypobius; but Ganglbauer (/. c.) was not

convinced, and Casey (1900, p. 65) wrote that Gleosoma is

altogether distinct trom Rhypobius. J have examined the

type of G. velox under the highest power applicable to a

carded specimen, and found that the antenna appeared almost

certainly 10-jointed_; but being still not satisfied, I mounted in

balsam the antenna of one of the WNombewean: specimens,

which seem absolutely identical with the type. This antenna

(fig. 39) is 10-jointed, having between the second and the

next large joint one small joint less than in Fhypobius, and,

as stated by Wollaston, the form and proportions of the joints

differ from those of Lthypobius. The three joints (5, 6, 7)

preceding the three club-joints are all much longer in propor-

tion than the corresponding three (6, 7, 8) in RAypobcus, and

the large middle one of the three especially is of a different

shape.

If the number of antennal joints be used as the criterion

for separating the gencra, the matter may be summarized

thus :—

Rhypobius (= Moronillus), antennee 11-jointed.

Gleosoma, autenne 10-jointed.

Secondary Sexual Characters—I do not know of any

reference to these in Rhypobius. But the material before me

includes three specimens of a species, apparently new, two of

which have a marked impression on the metasternuin, while

in the third this is quite absent. In comparing certain other

species with mine, it was seen that some examples have

impressions on the metasternum and sometimes on the first

abdominal segment as well. Having before me two speci-

mens of Lhypobius ruficollis (Duval), one of which has the

sternum impressed while the other has not, I dissected these

aud found that the insect with impressed sternum is g@, while

the otheris 9. I therefore infer that the ventral impressions

are a @ character, though further study is needed to prove

whether they are present in all or only in some species.

Those = which they have so far been observed are :—

(i.) R. rujficollis (Duval), go: a rather faint and narrow

een al impression on the posterior 3 of the metasternum,

and a long narrow impression down the middle of the first

abdominal segment.

(uae, brevicornis, Matth., g: a deep and rather broader

longitudinal impression on the metasternum ; on the first

abdominal segment a very broad and deep impression,

extending the whole length of the segment aud nearly the

Seychelles and Rangoon. 27.

whole distance between the hind coxe ; on either side of the

impression the segment is raised into a ridge which bears

rather long pubescence.

(iii.) hk. aquilinus, sp. n., ¢@: a marked longitudinal im-

pression, broadening behind, along the posterior 3% of the

metasternum, the pubescence in the impression being much

closer than on either side of it ; first abdominal segment with

no impression, but with a little median group of hairs.

Condition of hind wings: see ante (p. £), and below.

12. Rhypobius aquilinus, sp. n.

CEL ING Bes 377; Pl, Vi. figs 38.)

Ovalis, postice haud fortiter attenuatus, supra subtusque subtilissime

alutaceus, thorace rufo-flavo, elytris castaneo-brunneis postice ad

suturam interdum rufescentibus, pedibus antennisque flavescenti-

bus, harum clayis haud nigricantibus; thorace impunctato ;

elytris punctis duplicibus sat confertim munitis; metasterno ¢

in medio longitudinaliter valde impresso, segmento 1° abdominis

baud impresso.

Long. corp. 0:85 mm.

Outline shown in fig. 37; the thorax appears a little

shorter than it actually is, owing to its being bent down ;

length of the elytra very nearly equal to their combined

breadth, which is greatest a little before the middle. Body

above shining, glabrous ; ; finely and closely alutaceous above

and beneath. Colour: thorax reddish yellow, elytra dark

castaneous brown, in the type-specimen lighter and more

reddish in the posterior half near the suture ; ventral surface

castaneous brown, antennze and legs yellowish, clubs of the

antenne not blackened. Antenne (fig. 38) a little longer

than the width of the head from eye to eye. Zhorawx nar-

rowly margined at the sides, with base. very shallowly

sinuate on either side of the middle, and hind angles (seen

from the side) slightly less than right angles; surface im-

punetate. Scutellum rounded. £/ytra with lateral margins

narrowly reflexed, but in viewing a specimen from vertically

above the margins are only visible behind the shoulder and

again for a short space behind the middle; sutural stria

quite absent ; surface with fine double punctures, each con-

sisting of two slightly elongated punctures lying close side

by side*; in a transverse direction the double punctures are

about their own diameter apart, but in a longitudinal direc-

tion about twice this distance. Wangs: uo trace of these

* The alutaceous surface and double punctures are characteristic of a

number of other members of the genus.

28 Mr. H. Scott on Corylophide from the

organs can be seen under the partly opened elytra of the

single 9, but actual dissection and search for minute

vestigial wings is prevented by the necessity of preserving

the specimen intact; the two ¢ have ample wings, folded

under the elytra; one of these organs is mounted in balsam,

but I have failed to unfold it completely, so cannot state its

proportions to the elytron accurately ; it is, however, con-

siderably longer than the elytron (see p. 4). Metasternum

3 with a marked median longitudinal impression broadening

behind, on the posterior ? of its length; surface of the meta-

sternum almost impunctate, with pale short hairs, closer in

the impression, very scanty at the sides ; in the 2? the meta-

sternum is convex and glabrous in the middle. Sirst abdo-

minal segment: @, with no impression, but with a median

group of a few short hairs, on either side of which it is bare,

but has a few other hairs near the lateral margins ; 2, no

median group of hairs. ‘The other segments bear scanty pale

pubescence.

This species is quite distinct from any I have seen. The

form most closely resembling it superficially is R.brevicornis,

Matth. (West Indies), A ¢ of this, now before me, is the

same size, but more attenuated behind ; the reticulation of its

thorax is slightly less marked, while its elytral punctures are

a little stronger ; and it differs decidedly in the nature of its

3 ventral impressions (vide supra, p. 26).

Loc. Amirantes Islands. ‘I'hree specimens from Eagle

Island, 1905 (H.M.S. ‘ Sealark’ Expedition).

Named ‘“aquilinus” in allusion to the island of its

discovery.

ORTHOPERUS, Stepliens.

(PI. IV. figs. 40, 41; Pl. V. figs. 42-44.)

The material includes at least two, possibly three, species

of this genus: a new and very distinct form from Rangoon ;

a single g from the Seychelles, referred to a species known

from 8. America and W. Indies ; anda single indeterminable

specimen from Rangoon, possibly the ? of the preceding,

possibly distinct.

Diverging Strie on Metasternum.—I have found in the

literature no mention of diverging striz or lines on the meta-

sternum, curving round behind the middle coxe (fig. 41, 2.) ;

yet they are present in a number of species. ‘They recall

the diverging striw found in a similar position in Acritus

and other Histeridz, but in these there is a second pair of

diverging striz behind the hind coxe on the first abdominal

Seychelles and Rangoon. 29

segment, while in the Ovthoperi there is only the pair on the

metasternum. The species in which I have seen them are :-—

equalis, Sharp, atumarius, Heer, brunnipes, Gyll., coriaceus,

Rey, crotchi, Matth., kluki, Wank., muni, sp. n., ovatus,

Matth. IJ have not examined the other species of the genus

as to whether these striz are present or not.

Secondury Sexual Characters——More than one writer has

noted that the front tibia of some Orthoperus are long and

incurved at the apex. Thus Matthews, in his description of

the genus (Mon. p. 182), ‘* [anterior] tibiz often very long

and much incurved, abruptly incurved at the apex”; and

again, in his descriptions of some of the species, ‘anterior

tibie very long and strongly incurved,” or, contrariwise,

“anterior tibiee nearly straight ”’ (see also his figure, pl. vii.

fig. A 1). But it does not seem to have been stated that this

difference in tle form of the tibig is, in some species at least,

sexual, Thus, in O. muni, sp. n., the front tibiae of some

specimens, which I infer to be ¢, are more incurved towards

the apex, and have a sharp heel or spur at the inner apical

angle (fig. 42) ; while those of other examples, presumably

2, which in all other external characters appear identical

with the preceding, are straighter and have no such heel

(fig. 43). In this case the curvature of the ¢ tibia is not

very marked, but it is much greater in O. minutissimus,

Matth. (fig. 44). Dr. Sharp has pointed out to me the same

kind of sexual difference in the form of the front tibia: in

some of our British Orthoperus. The divergence of the sexes

in this respect is sometimes quite sufficient to be seen with a

hand-lens.

Casey (1908, p. 65) describes for certain North-American

forms a new genus Mutrilza, one of the principal characters

of which is that it has the front tibia more flattened and less

incurved at the apex thanin Orthoperus. It will be necessary

to discriminate between sexual and other differences before

the limits of the two genera are made quite clear.

13. Orthoperus munie, sp. n.

(PI. LV. figs. 40, 41; Pl. V. figs. 42, 43.)

Ovatus, valde convexns, nitidissimus, glaber, piceo-fuscus, pedibus

antennisque testaceis, harum clavis infuscatis; thorace serie

basali punctorum fortium ad latera haud attingente, in medio a

basi magis distante, munito, disco subtilissime ac subobsolete

punctato; elytris sat dense sed subtilissime ac subobsolete punc-

tatis; ¢ tibiis anterioribus ad apicem parum incurvatis, angulo

apicali interiore producto.

Long. corp. 0°7 mm.

30 Mr. H. Scott on Gorylophidee from the

Ovate, very convex, shining, smooth (not at all aluta-

ceous), and quite elabrous above; body above and beneath

and head pitchy fuscous; legs, palpi, and antenne testaceous,

clubs of the latter infuscate. Head impunctate. Thora

with its base sinuate on either side and produced backwards

in the middle, with lateral margins (seen from the side)

slightly sinuate in the middle, hind angles nearly right

angles; with a strong basal series of rather elongate punc-

tures, becoming osolete at the sides, further removed from

the actual base in the middle than at the ends of the series

[it recalls the basal series of some species of Acritus| ; diss

bearing a number of very fine subobsolete punctures, bat in

some lights and positions these are scarcely visible. Hi/ytrau

of nearly the same length as their combined breadth, con-

siderably larger than the ab: lomen, the outline of which is

shown in fig. °40 appearing through the elytra as a dotted

line (perhaps some allowance must be made for shrinkage

of the abdomen) ; lateral margins not visible from directly

above; the elytra have no trace of a sutural stria, and are

finely and rather closely punctate; the punctures under a

high power appear as fine elongate dashes, closer at the

base and suture, and almost obsolete towards the apex (like

those on the thorax, the punctures in some lights and

aspects are difficult to see owing to their shallowness).

Wings ample. Metasternum (fig. 41) very convex, impunc-

tate in the middle, finely punctured at the sides, the diver ging

striae behind the middle cox are punctured and run in a

continuous curve from the anterior to the lateral margins of

the metasternum. Abdomen in several specimens tapering

to a blunt point, first segment almost impunctate, each seg-

ment with a series of very fine short hairs, rather wide apart.

Front tibie of $ (fig. 42) slightly incurved towards the apex,

with the inner apical angle produced into a sharp heel ; in

both g and ¢ (for the latter sex, see fig. 43) the excavation

of the outer margin towards the apex is conspicuous. No

other external sexual distinction is visible.

No species in Matthews’s Collection resembles this at all

closely, and those described since his time seem quite diffe-

rent. O. japonicus, Matth., has a basal thoracic series of

punctures, but they are much finer; it is much larger than

O. munie, has a minutely reticulate surface, and much closer

elytral and thoracic punctuation.

“Loc. Rangoon. Six examples, found in nest of Munia

striata, 9. X. “1911 (Dr, H. H, Marshall),

Seychelles and Rangoon. 31

14. Orthoperus minutissimus, Matthews (?).

(Pl. V. fig. 44.)

Orthoperus minutissimus, Matthews, Mon. Corylophide, 1899, p. 196.

A single g, in bad preservation. Pitchy fuscous, legs

and antenne lighter, shining and quite glabrous above.

Thorax not (or scarcely) punctured, Hlytra finely and sub-

obsoletely punctured, the punctures more than their own

diameter apart. Ventrally the metasternum is impunctate

in the middle, bat its sides and the first abdominal segment

have very fine punctures several times their own diameter

apart. Wings not examined,

So far as can be seen in its bad ,condition, the specimen

agrees in size, colour, and punctuation with an example in

Matthews’s Collection from Grenada, West Indies, placed as

VO. minutissimus *, 'The two agree particularly in the form

of the front tibize, which are sharply incurved at the apex,

the inner apical angle forming a sharp heel. Fig. 44 shows

the right-hand front tibia in the West-Indian specimen.

Loe. Seychelles: Silhouette, from Mare aux Cochons,

1000 feet or more, ix. 1908. O. minutissimus, Matth., is

recorded from South America and West Indies.

15. Orthoperus sp.

Among the material from Rangoon is a single specimen,

pethaps not fully mature, of a very minute species, quite

distinct from O. munie by the absence of the basal thoracic

series of punctures. In size and punctuation of the upper

surface it isnot unlike the example from Silhouette described

above: and referred to O. minutissimus. It is just possible

that it is a 9 of that species, since it probably belongs to the

% sex, the front tibia not being incurved and having no sharp

heel. The metasternum appears quite impunctate, even at

the sides; diverging stria perfectly distinct but not punc-

tured. Determination or further description of this form is

impossible in the absence of more material, Wings not

examined,

. * The name and description of O. minutisstmus are published in square

brackets in Matthews’s Monograph, from his own MS. notes, by P. B.

Mason, editor of the Monograph. Mason gives reasons for thinking that

Matthews probably intended to sink this name as a synonym of O, per-

pusillus, Matth. I have, however, provisionally retained the name

minutissimus, since time has not admitted of an examinationof Matthews’s

material sufficiently close to decide whether minutissimus and perpusillus

are identical or not.

On Corylophides from the Seychelles and Rangoon.

Length about 0°7 mm.

Loc. Rangoon: from nest of Munia striata, 9. x. 1911

(Dr. H. H. Marshall).

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Norse.—The figures of whole insects are approximately, but not exactly,

to scale: they are magnified between 47 and 57 diameters, in most cases

50-53 diameters.

Fig.

Fug.

Fig.

Fug.

Fig.

Fg.

Fig.

ane

KH SOMNM AE wr

18.

ig. 19.

. 20.

wok,

. 23.

. 24,

. 25,

. 26.

ads

2s,

. 29.

. 80.

PLaTe I.

Sacium picaultianum, sp. n.

. Ditto. Mentum.

. Ditto. Underside of prothorax and anterior coxa.

. Sacium grossinianum, sp. 0.

. Ditto. Mentum.

Ditto. Underside of prothorax and anterior coxe.

. Sacium roslanianum, sp. 1.

Ditto. Mentum.

. Sactum rochoniunum, sp.n. Mentum.

. Arthrolips insule-longe, sp. n. Outline.

. Ditto. Punetuation and pubescence of thorax and elytra, to

larger scale.

Daubania seychellarum, gen. et sp. n.

Puate II,

. Metoderus quinssuanus, sp. n.

3. Sericoderus ( Anisomeristes) seychellensis, sp. n. Outline.

. Ditto. Sculpture and pubescence of thorax and elytra, to

larger scile.

. Ditto. Antenna. 15a, joints 5 and 4 more highly magnified.

. Sericoderus (Anixomeristes) pubipennis, Sharp. Antenna, 16a,

cage

joints 3 and 4 more highly magnified.

Sericoderus (s. str.) laterals, Gyll. Antenna. 17 a, joint 3 more

highly magnitied, showing transverse line.

Puate II.

Daubania seychellarum, gen. et sp.n. Antenna.

Oiigarthrum waterhouset, Matthews. Antenna (from Matthews,

Mon. Coryloph. pl. iv. fig. C7).

Daubania seychellarum. Labrum,

Ditto. Mandible.

Ditto. Maxilla.

Ditto. Labium.

Lewisium seychelleanum, sp.n. Antenna. 26 a, joints 3-6 more

highly magnified.

Lewisium ceylonicum, Matthews. Antenna. 26a, joints 3-6

more highly magnified.

Lewisium seychelleanum. Labrum.

Lewisium sp. Labrum (from Matthews, pl. v. fig. A 3).

Catoptyx bowringt, Matthews. Labrum (from Matthews, pl. vi.

fig. B 3).

cae seychelleanum. Mandible. 30a, apex of another

specimen from a different point of view.

Mr. ©. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 33

Prats LV.

Fig. 31. Lewisium seychelleanum. Maxilla.

Fig. 32. Lewisium ceylonicum. Maxilla.

Fig. 33. Catoptyx bowringt. Maxilla (from Matthews, pl. vi. fig. B 5).

Fig. 34. Lewisium seychelleanum. Labium.

Fig. 35. Lewisium ceylonicum. Labium.

Fig. 36. Catoptyx bowring?,. Labium (from Matthews, pl. vi. fig. B 6).

Fig. 37. Rhypobius aquilinus, sp. u. Outline.

Fig. 40. Orthoperus munie, sp. n.

Fig. 41. Ditto. Metasternum and first abdominal segment, middle and

posterior coxal cavities shaded ; /., diverging metasternal line

or stria.

PLATE V.

Fig. 38. Rhypobius aquilinus, sp.n. Antenna.

ug. 39. Gleosoma velox, Wollaston. Antenna.

Fig. 42. Orthoperus munie, sp. nu. Anterior tibia and tarsus, ¢.

Fig. 43. Ditto. Ditto, 9. ;

Fig. 44. Orthoperus minitissimus, Matthews. ~ Anterior tibia and

tarsus, ¢.

JI.—WNotes on Exotic Chloropide. By C. G. Lams,

M.A., B.Sc., Clare College, Cambridge.

Tue following notes are based on material from two sources.

The larger portion is the collection of Diptera in the Zoolo-

gical Department of Cambridge University, and will be

referred to as ‘‘Cam. Coll.” In 1904 Mr. F. Muir presented

a very large collection of Diptera from Africa to the Cam-

bridge Museum, and his specimens will be marked “ F. M.”

In addition, the Museum was indebted to Dr. G. A. K.

Marshall for many other specimens from the same region,

and there have been various other small accessory collections

incorporated from time to time. The other portion consists

of specimens kindly submitted to the author by Dr. G. A. K.

Marshall—they are part of the extensive collection being

formed by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology ; this will

be referred to as “ Bur. Coll.”

All the insects listed and described in the paper will be

deposited in the British Museum, and hence no indication

of the situation of the type-specimens will be given after

the descriptions; they will all be in the British Museum.

The task of dealing with this family is enormously

lightened and simplified by the valuable and complete

monographs of Th. Becker, which bring the information

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 3

34 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

available up to the dates of publication of the same, and

hence save much labour in searching out old records.

These monographs are :—

I. Theil. Palearctic Region.

‘ Archivum Zoologicum,’ i, 1910.

Il. Theil. Ethiopic Region.

Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. vii. 1910.

TII. Theil. Indo-Australian Region.

Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. ix. 1911.

IV. Theil. Nearctic Region, Neotropical Region, and Addendum.

Ann, Mus. Nat. Hung. x. 1912.

The last brings the list of known species in all the regions

up to date ; it also contains a discussion of Enderlein’s new

genera (Sitz. d. Gesell. Nat. Freunde, 1911), and clears up

many points in that paper which at one time seemed likely

to throw the classification into confusion.

These monographs will be shortly referred to by the

numbers I., II., I/I., IV. after Becker’s name.

As is so often the case, a considerable number of single

specimens occur in both collections. Where the characters

are quite unmistakable and striking, these single specimens

have been described as the types of new species. When the

specimen agrees with fair accuracy with any published

description, it has been thought best to place the insect

under the existing name; but in general it will be found

that this fact is referred to, and any differences recorded.

The Chloropide form a very protean family and include

ereat numbers of genera that run fairly closely into one

another. It might be said that almost every positive

character which limits the family may be separately absent

in some genera—in fact, the allocation of an insect to the

family is in many cases practically due to a “trained eye,”

and cannot be logically justified by the limits of the defini-

tions of the family. This is possibly more true of this

family than of any of the other Acalyptrate groups.

It naturally results that the generic limitations follow the

same tendency, and that the original limits of a genus, as

set by its founder, have to be transgressed, so that finally

the “genus” sometimes bears little resemblance to the

limited form originally prescribed. A good example of this

is to compare Gaurax as founded by Leéw with Becker’s

latest concept of the species forming that assemblage.

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 35

Such a sequence of events is, from the nature of the case,

inevitable, though it leads to much difficulty both in tracing

species and in assigning genera. The fact is that in some

groups of the Oscininee there is no natural line or lines of

demarcation ; even the known forms merge into one another

and share characters that should belong to different genera

as originally defined; and when the world forms are “really

adequately studied there can be no doubt but that this

tendency will be increased.

It will follow that it is quite possible that the author may

have assigned species to definite genera which, in the opinion

of more experienced students, should be placed elsewhere.

For this reason the descriptions are often made a little

fuller than would be necessary to enable one to discriminate

between the species of a sharply bounded genus ‘such as

Chyliza. For the same reason it will be found that he has

been compelled to place species in genera whose specification

does not exactly meet the case. A good example is Lagaro-

ceras anomalum; if the head were removed it would he

impossible to distinguish this species from one of the

described forms of Becker’s L. megalops ; but the antenna

and vertical triangle are both considerably at variance with

the forms described as characterizing the genus. Wide

interpretation of generic limits is unavoidable in this family,

for if definite and fixed generic characters were to be adhered

to, the family would mainly consist of monotypic genera.

The author hopes to be able to continue with some other

of the Acalyptrate families if time and opportunity permit.

Note.—To save space certain abbreviations will be used.

When describing the head the word “ triangle” will refer to

the fronto-vertical macula usually found there, though its

shape varies greatly. The antennal joints will be referred

to by number only—thus “38rd” will mean third joint of

the antenna. In the case of the thorax the word “callus”

will refer to the front thoracic callus unless qualitied. Inthe

wings the veins will be referred to by the old system of

numbers as being more convenient and simple in this case ;

thus, “ 2nd” will mean the second long vein. Similarly, the

pra segments will be referred to by the numbers ee the

long veins that end there—thus “2 to 8” means costal

distance between ends of second and third long veius

measured on costa.

36 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

CHLOROPINA.

PacuyLopnus, Loéw.

The following species were in the collections :—

P. lugens, Loéw. Cam. Coll., Durban (fF. M.).

P. splendidus, Ad. Cam. Coll., Durban (Ff. M.).

P. proximus, Ad. Cam. Coll., Durban (7. M.).

P. fossulatus, Ad. Cam. Coll., Durban (Ff. .).

P. varipes, Ad.; a very pale-legged form. Cam. Coll.,

Durban (/. M.).

In addition, there were many specimens included in the

ordinary black-vertexed section. To this section belongs

Fig. 1.

to)

Si oe

Fic. 2, Fig. 3.

ete

Fig. 1.— Wing of large form of P. frontalis.

Fig. 2.— Wing of small form of P. frontalis.

Fig. 3.—Wing of P. frontellinus (?).

Loéw’s species P. frontalis ; Becker, in his monograph, only

recognizes as valid that single species in the section with

black triangle, prominent head, and pale femora. Hesinks

as synonyms both Bezzi’s P. tellinii and Speiser’s P. fron-

tellinus. As regards the first, he makes out what is appa-

rently a good case, but gives practically no reasons for the

second. If one studies the fairly long series in the Cam.

Coll., it can be seen at once that there are two quite definite

venations present, shown in figs. 2 and 3. The species with

the cross-veins fairly apart has a dullish frons, with the

triangle little marked, but a raised shining black central

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. . 37

line, and this form agrees quite well with the description of

frontalis. The species with the more approximate veins is a

little smaller and its vertical “triangle” is more shining ;

the raised central line tends to be multiple—in fact, it agrees

very closely indeed with Speiser’s description of frontellinus

(Kilimandjaro Meru Exp., Diptera, x. p. 198). In the Bur.

Coll. are specimens still more robust than the first species,

with venation as in fig. 1 and with rather more glassy wings,

but otherwise practically identical with the first series.

It appears best to consider the first and last sets of speci-

mens as belonging to frontalis, and the other to frontellinus ;

in none of the published descriptions is any figure of the

venation given,

P. frontalis. The large form: Bur. Coll., Durban (LZ. Bevis).

‘The smaller form: Cam. Coll., Durban (/. M.).

P. frontellinus. Cam. Coll., Durban (PF. M.).

Three species in the collection belong to the smaller

section of the genus with a pale vertical triangle. ' Hitherto

there are described but two species in this section (Becker,

II., p. 388). Neither of these species accords with the

specimens in the collection, and hence they must be con-

sidered new.

Pachylophus lituraticrus, sp. n.

This species belongs to Becker’s section with pale legs

and triangle (II. p. 387).

Head (top view) :—Vertex nearly as broad as twice the

visible eye-breadth, somewhat transversely concave on the

front, bright dullish yellow; the triangle is shining orange

without furrows &c., extending not quite to the frons, with

a rounded darkened tip, very slightly concave sides, and with

the vertical base just less than the eye-distance ; the ocellar

spot black. In profile the angle between the vertical and

facial tangent-planes is a little less than 90°, the frons being

just visibly prominent. The pale yellow cheeks are about 3

the depth of the 3rd joint; the latter is quite normal, yellow

except for the part below aristal insertion; the latter is

black and of usual form. Palpiyellow. Hind head orange;

a darkening behind the ocellar spot, and a pale spot each

side just at the top angle of the eye, on which the tiny

vertical bristles stand.

Thorax: dorsum elegantly striped; along the middle

is a broad stripe of reddish brown bordered by pale narrow

38 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chioropide.

stripes, which are less covered with the tiny bristles clothing

the rest of the dorsum—hence these pale stripes are

made more conspicuous ; beyond these down to the noto-

pleural suture the dorsum is again reddish brown, though

less intense; callus with a black central spot surrounded

by yellow; pleura orange, shiming. Scutellum with its

middle third oceupied by a bright yellow longitudinal stripe,

bounded by black, though the extreme hind angles are pale ;

terminal crossed bristles just at the end of the black

stripes ; the surface is very faintly and sparsely striate.

The venation is exceptional; the cross-veins are much

approximated, being separated by a distance rather less than

13 times the length of the hind cross-vein. The discal cross-

vein is a little beyond the costal ending of the 1st ; wings

clear, with pale orange veins. Halteres white.

Legs all yellow except for an infuscation on the front

tibia and tarsus and on the Jast joints of the other tarsi. A

very striking and constant character is a darkened ‘ brand ”

ou the back of the hind tibia; this brand occupies about 4

the length of the tibia. Similar structures can be just seen

on the legs of other species, but are not coloured in them ;

they also occur in other Chloropid genera.

The abdomen is the same colour as the thorax, the margins

narrowly paler, and has a well-marked interrupted darkened

middle line.

The intensity of the reddish colour of the insect varies to

a fair extent, .

Length (excluding antennz) nearly 3 mm.

A long series in Cam. Coll., Durban (Ff. M.).

Note.—It is just possible that this species is the same as

Becker’s P. contractus (II. p. 893) ; but it is unlikely that

so careful an observer should not mention the “ brand” or

the relation of the cross-veins.

Var.—There is a single specimen with a slightly paler

triangle and no visible dark brand. This is m the Bur,

Coil., Manganallur, Tangore. Although the localities are

so far apart, the insect is not specifically separable,

STeLeocervs, Beck.

S. lepidopus, Beck. Cam. Coll,, from Chirinda Forest

(G44 i. 1.,),

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Eebtie Chloropidee. 39

Steleocerus nigricornis, sp. 0.

This species is next to Becker’s S. longicollis (II. p. 401),

but differs as follows :—

The halteres are grey, not white; the jowls are larger,

about 4 the depth of the third antennal joint ; the tongue is

pale, not black; the antennz are all deep black, not red ;

legs a little paler; wings more normal, with rounded anal

angle.

Size 55 mm.

Cam. Coll., Durban (F. M.).

S. ensifer (?), Thoms.

A single specimen agrees fairly with Thomson’s descrip-

tion (Bug. Resa, p. 605), but it is possible that we have

another species here. The legs are quite pale; the frontal

triangle is not all yellow, but is very much suffused with

shining brown, which does not, however, entirely cover the

triangle, but occupies the base and shades off forward.

One cannot be sure of the identification from this single

specimen.

Bur. Coll., Mysore.

There is an immature specimen in Bur. Coll. from Coim-

batore, Madras, which is near S. formosus, Beck.

Stelevcerus quadrivitiatus, sp. n.

From the Chirinda Forest, S. Africa, we have a few

specimens of a species of the ensifer-tenellus group.

Head (top view):—Frons yellow and dull, the triangle

equilateral, with nearly straight sides; basally it practically

touches the eyes and extends by a sharp point right to the

front ; itis suffused with shining brown, which leaves narrow

yellow side-lines and broader boundaries on the hind head,

where the black part of the triangle’s base extends as a

broad stripe down the hind head. Side view: outline fairly

circular, the frontal and facial tangent-planes making about

90°, and the hind jowls large ; eyes oval, oblique forwards,

with narrow lower jowls less than half the width of 3rd ; all

the side is whitish yellow. Antenne rather large, the 3rd

projecting backwards a little, so as to be a longish oval with

axis parallel to body-axis ; it is yellow, but darkened dorsally ;

2nd yellow, arista normal. Face, palpi, &c., all pale yellow.

Though there are but few specimens, the thorax varies

somewhat in amount of darkening ; dorsum with a broad

40 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

black central stripe, sometimes getting browner behind, and

extending forward right on to the prothorax; each side is a

grey poliinated line of ochreous tone, which is moderately

distinct till just before the scutellum, where it suddenly

becomes very marked and forms an elongate spot at each

side of scutellar base; similarly in front, just at level of

calli, it again forms bright long spots; beyond these grey

lines the dorsum is as the mid-line, but is more darkened in

front of the cross-suture, in one case quite black there.

Calli shining, rather orange. Pleura all somewhat shining

orange, with brownish boundaries to the sclerites ; the black

spot over middle coxa may or may not be present. Scu-

tellum darkened orange, in one case paler in centre ; terminal

bristles long and crossed, and a few smaller marginal ones.

Wings clear with brown veins, 2nd ending about 2 down

costa between 1 and 3. Halteres white, with orange stalks.

Legs orange, with front tibia and tarsus a very little

darkened.

Abdomen yellowish at sides, the dorsum forming a broad

darkened continuous stripe.

Size (ex. antenne) just under 2 mm.

Cam. Coll., Chirinda Forest, 8.A. (G. A. K. W.).

The second species is represented by but a single specimen,

but it is very distinct from all the others.

Steleocerus flavipes, sp. 0. -

Head (top view) :—Abont 14 times as long as broad ;

from vertex to the sightly prominent frons it is all bright

yellow ; the triangle is very shining, especially along its

concave side boundaries ; these are slightly depressed, and

the hair-lines on them are exceptionally well marked ; the ~

sharp-pointed apex projects between the somewhat swollen

antennal pits; basally it does not quite occupy the whole

vertical breadth ; eye-margins narrowly silvery, especially in

front; ocellar circle black ; hind head absolutely pale except

for two excessively narrow dark lines from vertex. Side

view :—The angle between frontal and facial planes is about

75°; antennz all quite pale yellow, except that the 3rd joint

is orange just,at the insertion of the black arista, which is

more elegantly and regularly haired than in the other

species, Jowls pale yeliow; palpi pale. In front the

mouth-margin is seen to be very narrowly darkened.

‘Thorax reddish orange, with the following greyish polli-

nated stripes :—Ceutrally a short narrow one extending but

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 41

a little distance on the disc, each side of this another which

runs to the outer angles of ‘the scutellum, diverging as they

go; beyond these the orange is very slightly suffused with

grey; calli shiny orange, “pleura the same. Scutellum

blackened orange, slightly punctate.

Wings yellowish, with orange veins; small cross-vein

just perceptibly beyond the costal ending of the Ist; hind

one about 3 times its length from the former, and with its

distance from the lower end to the 5th vein-ending about

15 times the distance apart of the cross-veins.

Halteres quite white, with yellowish stalks.

Legs entirely yellow, with no darkening at all.

Abdomen all darkened orange, with very narrow palish

hind margins.

Size nearly 3 mm.

Cam. Coll., Mozambique (F. M.).

Sleleocerus latiseta, sp. n.

There is a single specimen of a very distinct species.

Head (top view) :—Frons dull orange, lighter over an-

tenn, the triangle is remarkable in form ; basally it just

does not touch the eyes ; the margins are formed by raised

straight ridges; about halfway a sudden diminution in

breadth occurs, so that the side boundaries at that point are

suddenly shifted inwards; the space between these forward

parts of the ridges is necessarily a little depressed, but down

the centre runs a very fine raised ridge, which goes to the

front of the head to just behind where the side-ridges meet

in a slightly rounded curve ; the whole is shining bluish

black except the extreme tip, over which the frontal orange

runs; ocelli bright chestnut. Back of head entirely black.

Side-view :—LHyes very large, only leaving very narrow lower

and fairly narrow hind orange. jowls ; the orange frons is

just visible, the 3rd is orbicular and all orange ; the arista

is a little broader than usual and tapers to a fine point.

Thorax : dorsum dullish black, pollinated more and more

strongly with brown pollen towards the scutellum ; the pre-

scutellar depression is present, but is not sharply demarcated

from the rest. Scutellum as thorax, with divergent bristles.

‘The calli and an area below all orange, the pleura shining

dark brown, with a few lighter areas interspersed.

Wings clear, with brown veins, but with a faint smoky

cloud between 3 and 4 extending nearly to level of costal

euding of 2; the second vein long, as in lepidopus.

Halteres with white knobs.

42 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotte Chloropide.

Legs entirely yellow, except that the last two joints of the

very slightly dilated front tarsi are suffused.

Abdomen all rather shining brownish black.

Size (ex. antennz) 2 mm.

Cam. Coll., Chirinda Forest, S.A. (G. A. K. M.).

Meromyza, Meig.

M. capensis, Loéw.

There is a long series in Cam. Coll. which shows the very

considerable variation in abdominal and other infuscation

that occurs in this species.

Cam. Coll., Durban (F. M.).

Cam. Coll., Salisbury, Mashonaland (G. A. K. M.).

Bur. Coll., Zomba, Nyasaland (H. Stamus). .

Evurina, Meig.

Eurina oculata, sp. n.

There are two females in the Bur. Coll. which belong to

this genus, but do not fit with any of the hitherto described

species. ‘The eyes are larger than in most, being more of

the proportion shown by Meigen in §.B. vi. tab. lv. fig. 10,

though the frons is less protuberant.

Fig. 4.

Eurina oculata, X 40.

Head (top view):—Breadth nearly twice the distance

from vertex to tip of frons; vertex concave ; eyes promi-

nent and practically bare ; frons ending in a rounded cap

containing the antennal bases. The colour of frons &e. is

pale brown, dull; the rather darker triangle is nearly equi-

lateral, more shiny, with base about % vertical cross-breadth ;

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropidee. 43

it ends in a very sharp raised ridge extending to the an-

tennal cap; the boundary is formed by two darkened

furrows bordered interiorly by two or three smaller parallel

furrows; the frons itself (along eye-margins exteriorly to

the triangle) has two very deep and broad furrows extending

along the sides of the triangle from the vertex to end of the

triangle ; the minute pairs of vertical bristles stand at the

beginning of these furrows. Ocelli brown, with tiny ocellars

each side of the front ocellus. The hind head is darkened

behind the ocellar triangle except along the actual vertex,

which is yellow in two long confluent spots; the rest of

hind head is brownish yellow.

Side-view :—The eyes are largerthan usual, nearly circular,

though slightly longer horizontally than vertically; the

frons is hence less prominent than usual, the distance from

antennal base to eye-margin being about 0°53 of the hori-

zontal eye-breadth ; the profile is less triangular than

usual, there being well-marked horizontal jowls of about +

the eye-depth running into the frons by a concave face-line.

The side is all brown-yellow except that the frons is there

infuscate. Antenne black, small 2nd joint, 3rd elliptical ;

arista pale, but brown on the swollen basal joint. The pale

face has a slight central swelling below antenne. Palpi

orange.

Thorax discally grey ; two mid-stripes darker, extending

from front to back, just separated till towards the scutellum,

where they meet; alongside these stripes is an interrupted

dark stripe forming a spot about the position of the cross-

suture, and a longer continuing stripe extending to the

scutellum ; just above the side-suture is a similarly broken

indistinct line ; ; callus and pleura dull orange-brown. Scu-

tellum orange, swollen, rounded in profile, ‘hairy, especially

on the margins, though no true bristles are present ; it is

darkened discally, with the orange showing through as a

narrow stripe.

Wings normal, with thick veins ; the thinning out of the

4th vein occurs suddenly at about } of its length; cross-

vein rather oblique. Halteres orange, with dark stalk.

Legs all orange-brown like the pleura, but slightly in-

fuscate dorsally on all the femora (less so on the front pair),

on the tibiz, and hind tarsi.

Abdomen somewhat flattened, dark brown, with sharp

narrow whitish margins ; ventrally all pale.

Size 4 mm.

Bur. Coll., Hagari, Madras Presidency.

Note :—‘“‘ Feeding on leaf-parenchyma of grass.”

44 Mr. 0. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

Lacaroceras, Becker.

There appear to be five species that fall within the limits

of this genus, of which at least three appear to be un-

described. They all agree with Becker’s diagnosis very

fairly, except that in two of them the 3rd antennal joint is

broader than he figures for his type-species, and is more

simply a long oval ; there appears, however, to be no good

reason for not placing them in his genus.

LI. megalops, Beck.

There is a single specimen which agrees very fairly with

Becker’s description and figure; the dorsum is quite

blackened all over, so that the three stripes are here

confluent.

Cam. Coll., Mozambique (F. .).

Lagaroceras anomalum, sp. 0.

There are several specimens of a species which very closely

resembles the above specimen in thoracic and abdominal

colour, in the legs and general facies, but is a little larger.

The differences are, however, marked and constant; they are

(1) the triangle, which has a different form; it is not truly

leaf-shaped, as in the generic diagnosis, but is practically

triangular, with concave (not convex) sides; it extends to

the front of head: (2) the antennz are relatively shorter,

though still nearly as long as the face ; the third joint is not

quite twice as long as the second and is about 1} times as

long as broad ; it is oval in form, with the upper tip sharply

rounded.

Size (excluding antenne) 3 mm.

Cam. Coll., Durban (Ff. M.).

Lagaroceras pulchellum, sp. 0.

This is a fine handsome species of the megalops group.

Head (top view) :—As broad as thorax ; frons black except

anteriorly just above the antennz, where it is orange; the

surface is dusted with greyish pollen and has many small

hairs; the triangle is highly polished black and is of a

pointed leaf-shape, the sharp stalk extending right to the

base of the antennz ; the base is rounded and occupies a

little over 2 of the vertical breadth. The head-bristles are

well marked ; the back of the head is black. Side-view :—

Profile a little more trapezoidal than normal, the line from

—s ee

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Ezotic Chloropide. 45

antennal base to mouth-edge nearly straight ; jowls about

equal in breadth to that of the 3rd antennal joint—they are

silvery, as are the hind jowls. The antenne are inserted

just on the edge of the orange frons and are just about as

Fig. 5. Fig. 6.

ya ;

Fig. 7

A. B

Fig. 8

aa Z

wef,

ee ae

. /

Fig. 5.—Lagaroceras anomalum, X 50.

Fig. 6.—Lagaroceras longicorne (?), x 50.

Fig, 7.—A. Lagaroceras megalops, X 30. 3B. Lagaroceras anomalun,

x 3d.

Fig. 8.—Lagaroceras pulchellum, X 35.

long as the face is deep; they are all darkish orange, except

that the upper half and the tip, of the 3rd joint are black-

ened ; this joint is about 14 times as long as the 2nd, which

46 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

is itself rather unusually long; arista white and closely

pubescent as usual, with the smooth basal joint yellow.

The face is shining black, with silvery lines from the an-

tennal bases to the mouth and with silvery lower eye-

margins ; palpi black.

Thorax: the dorsum is finely granulated; the general

ground-colour is dark greyish, with the following black

marks :—a broad median line vanishing about halfway, a

_ very fine black line running down the centre of each of the -

rather obsolescent furrows; beyond this a broadish line

from just in front of the callus to the side of the scutellum,

interrupted by the grey ground where the cross-suture

should be; last d. c. well developed; pleura shining black,

with oblique row of three pale yellow spots—a triangular

one just behind the humeral callus, a sloping one on the

mesopleura, a horizontal one above the mid-coxa. Scu-

tellum pale orange, nearly flat, hairless, with long crossed

terminal bristles and small accessory ones beside the main

ones and close to them.

Wings clear, with brownish veins ; the venation is not

quite as given by Becker for megalops (I., tab. iii. fig. 47) ;

the 2nd vein is quite parallel to the 3rd all the way, and the

distances between the ends of 2 to 3and 3 to 4 are nearly

equal.

Legs orange ; femora progressively more infuscate from

front to hind ; last tarsal jomts dark..

Abdomen entirely deep dull black, smooth.

Size (ex. antenne) 3+ mm.

Cam. Coll., Durban (F. M.).

To the section with dark and rather rugose scutellum

belong two species. One of these will pass for L. longicorne

of Thomson (Hug. Resa, p. 604). It agrees quite well with

what would be a dark form of the species, though not so

well with Becker’s description (I., p.108). The remarkable

antenne are even longer than may be inferred from the

description ; the thorax can be described as black, rather

rugose, with three narrow, smoother, grey stripes; the

scutellum like thorax, centrally black, with the sides orange.

It is possible that we have a new species here, but as there

is but the single specimen, it is left provisionally in this

species. Thomson’s species was from China, this is from

S. India.

Size (ex. antennze) nearly 3 mm.

Bur. Coll., Coimbatore, Madras Presidency.

Mr, C. G. Lamb on Ezotic Chloropide. 47

The following is a second species of this section ; it occurs

also as a single specimen which, like LZ. anomalum, has a rela-

tively stout antenna—in fact, the antenna is practically as

shown in fig. 5 (p. 45).

Lagaroceras infuscatum, sp. nu.

Head (top view) :—Frons all palish ochreous brown, dull

and black-haired, the triangle shining dark orange-brown

and of peculiar shape; the basal part is about 2 as broad as

the vertical cross-breadth ; it continues normally along the

frons, but about midway is suddenly constricted, and then

continues like a narrow spear-head to the antennal base ;

each side of the constricted point is a yellow raised spot on

the triangle ; the surface is somewhat variegated in striz

and the middle area is rather darker than the rest; just at

the hind eye-angles occur the usual pale spots carrying the

vertical bristles. The f. 0. b. small, but distinct. Hind head

all black. Side-view :—Frons a little prominent, covering

the antennal base, brown; face-outline nearly linear, if

anything slightly concave, from antenne to mouth. The

total length of the antenne is about equal to the face; the

2nd joint about half as long as 3rd, which is a little lese

than twice as long as broad ; rounded oval in outline, all

darkened except for a tiny spot of orange on the base of

8rd joint below ; arista normal, white and pubescent, with

smooth pale yellow base. Jowls, lower and hind, palish

yellow, the former about half the depth of 3rd joint. Palpi

black. The face is darkened with a narrow emarginate

paler mouth-margin ; the eyes have short silvery margins.

Thorax: dorsum black and finely punctate, with three

very narrow grey lines. Scutellum flattish, similar to thorax,

with a dark orange median line, two terminal and one adja-

cent smaller bristle each side. Pleura very shining brownish

black, except for a yellow stripe just below the mesopleura.

Wings with venation similar to pulchellum, 2nd and 3rd

quite parallel, but the cross-vein is slightly sloped backwards.

Halteres white, with a brown stalk.

Legs orange, the femora progressively more infuscate

from fore to hind pairs, the last tarsal joint darkened.

Size (ex. antennz) 24 mm.

Cam. Coll., Durban (/. M.).

Hapuieeis, Loéw.

Haplegis nitens, sp. n.

A small form, considerably more shining than H. tarsata.

48 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropidee.

Head (top view) :—Entirely black and somewhat shiuing,

even on eye-borders; the triangle fairly close to eye on

vertex, extending with the usual straight sidés to a sharp

point over antennz, excessively shining, with the usual

shallow but sharp depressed middle trough; the bordering

hair-rows very indistinct. Hind head all black. Side-

view :— Lower jowls dull orange and very narrow ; antennz

of normal form, 3rd black and round, 2nd bright orange ;

arista black and finely pubescent, the longish basal joints

more orange. Face fairly silvery; tongue and palpi

blackened.

Thorax all entirely shining black, including the scutellum,

which has two longish end-bristles ; the whole dorsum has

a regular clothing of very fine brown hairs; the pleura is

faintly orange in some parts.

Wings clear, normal in venation, brown veins. Halteres

with almost white head.

Legs entirely clear orange, including front coxa and all

the tarsi.

Abdomen shining black.

Size 2 mm.

» Cam. Coll., Durban (F. ¥.).

Exacuierereicus, Beck.

HX. bistriatus, Beck.

Specimens from Durban, Cam. Coll. (F. W.).

Camarora, Meig.

(Modo, Oscinis, Latr.)

C. angustifrons, Bezzi.

Specimens from Durban (F. M.) agreeing well with Begzi’s

description.

Merarostiema, Beck.

M., sauteri.

Specimens in Bur. Coll. from Coimbatore, Madras.

Cuatcipomyia, de Meijere.

This genus was described in Tijd. v. Ent. (vol. liii. p. 156)

as a Drosophilid, the error being due to the insect possessing

a remarkable bipectinate arista. Becker redescribed it in its

Mr. ©. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 49

proper family as Hemispherisoma (II1I., p. 47). The syno-

hymv was given by de Meijere in Tijd. v. Ent. (vol. lvi.

p- 571). In both cases the specific name selected for the

type-species had been politus, but for some reason de Meijere

changed it to beckeri, though both types were the same

species.

C. polita, de Meij.

Specimens in Bur. Coll. from Taliparamba, Malabar,

with the note :—‘ In ginger-stems attacked by Dichocrocis.”

Curomatorrerum, Beck.

Chromatopterum lacteiventre, sp. n.

This species has the pubescent arista of the Iudian species

C. pubescens, Becker (II1., p.82), but its facies is that of the

African C, delicatum, Becker (LI., p. 413).

Head (top view) :—Frons almost entirely covered by the

brilliant shining black ‘‘ triangle,’ which has its sides con-

tiguous with the eyes and a rounded frout margin reaching

to the antennal base ; its sides converge slightly to the

front; the only part of the frons left uncovered by it are

two small, dull orange, triangular patches each side in front ;

the surface is broadly and shallowly depressed ; the ocellar

hump is slightly raised and carries chestnut-coloured ocelli,

Side-view :—T'he semicircular eyes cover the whole, pro-

jecting beyond the face and leaving practically no lower

jowls and only a small hind eye-border, which is shining

black, as is the whole hind head. ‘lhe antennal 3rd joint is

almost orbicular, just a little Jonger than deep, orauge on

lower half, blackened on top; arista inserted basally, hair-

like except for the small pale basal joint, finely pubescent ;

2nd jomt yellow. Face darkened orange ; palpi black.

Thorax (including scutellum and pleura) all shining

black, the dorsum just before the scutellum aud the scutellum

itself very lightly dusted with orange pollen; the rounded

and slightly swollen scutellum with moderately long slightly

divergent end-bristles and a few accessory side-hairs,

Wings with venation as figured by Becker (1I., tab. xii.

fig. 10), but the blackening is different ; the frout blackeuing

is confined to the first part of first vein, the space between

it and where the auxiliary vein would be (ikea long stigma),

and the thickened black costa itself, from which a faint

suffusion runs on to the neighbouring cell ; the end spot is

smaller and discrete, it touches the costa midway between

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 4

50 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

the ends of 2 and 3, but does not extend to the end of wing

or down to vein 3.

Halteres with ivory-white heads.

Legs mainly orange, all the coxe black and all femora

broadly ringed with black.

Abdomen: dorsum flattened, a little longer than broad,

and tapering in outline from the base; it is of a quite unique

colour, being all suffused with a dense milky-blue glaze ;

the last segment is considerably longer than the others;

beneath, the abdomen is orange ; the last segment, which is

bent under, is all shining black.

Size about 1? mm.

Cam. Coll., Peradeniya, Ceylon (J. C. F. Fryer).

Ops, Becker.

O. madagascariensis, End.

A specimen in Cam. Coll., Durban (F. M.), differs from

the ordinary form only in the femora being somewhat

darkened.

O. callichroma, Loéw.

There are two specimens of this species—the one in Bur,

Coll. from Nyasaland, in which the abdominal cross-bands

are rather weak and indefinite. The other is a very bright

and shining form, which might be taken as a subspecies.

It is a little larger, aud the “triangle” covering nearly all

the frons is very deep excessively shining black instead of

being shining brown. ‘he abdominal markings are also

very clear aud distinct ; they consist of the following on the

yellow background :—Ist segment with very shoit central

bar ; 2ud arched bar with the springings situated basally ;

8rd broad, only leaving narrow hind margin yellow; 4th

niedian, of half total breadth of segment; the pointed Sth

has a narrow basal band.

A specimen in Cam. Coll., Durban (. .).

Ops nigra, sp. n. 5

The whole of head and thorax entirely shining black,

except for the orange antenne and bright yellow scutellum.

The vertical triangle does not cover the whole of the trons,

but leaves eye-margins narrowly widening right from the

vertex.

Wings quite normal, clear.

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropida. 51

Legs orange, with coxa black ; femur very dusky except

at tip. Knobs of halteres whitish orange.

Abdomen orange, with dark bands somewhat similar in

form to last species, but all of them broader in proportion

and less well demarcated.

Size 2 mm.

Cam. Coll., Mozambique (F. .).

Cuuororpisca, Loéw.

There are two single-specimen species—one resembling

obscurella, but with a rounder head, the other like a true

Chlorops, but with somewhat flattened scutellum. It is not

advisable to describe from these single specimens.

Curorors, Meig.

C. contribula, Loéw.

Cam. Coll., Durban (F. M.).

C. levigata, Beck.

Cam. Coll., Durban (Ff. ™.).

Chlorops zeylanica, sp. n.

There is one species which will not accord with any of

Becker’s species in the Indian fauna. It has a somewhat

exceptionally prominent head (see fig. 9) and belongs to the

section with fine white arista.

Fig. 9.

Chlorops zeylunica, X 80.

Head (top view) :—Frons (fig. 10) dull pale ochreous

yellow covered with black hairs; the triangle very large,

with its boundary well defined nearly up to the vertex, but

there less so ; it extends to the extreme front, with slightly

52 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

concave sides bordered with hair-lines, and it is the same

colour as the frons but shining and suffused across the

middle with pale brown, as shown by the dotted boundary-

line in the figure; the ocellar spot is black; a very distinct

but narrow furrow runs from front ocellus right to edge of

frons. Hind head broadly black, with pale yellow bordering

stripes starting from the vertical bristles. Side-view as in

fig. 9; all yellow, the haired frons more orange, rest quite

bare except for a few oral hairs. Antenne with yellow

basal joints, deep black orbicular third ; arista white, basal

joints a little suffuse, pubescence very fine. Face all pale

yellow; palpi pale, but just perceptibly infuscate outside at

tip ; tongue yellow.

Thorax: dorsum moderately shining yellow, with black

hairs ; three broad black stripes, the middle one beginning

on neck and extending to scutellum, the side ones abbre-

viated in front but meeting the middle one behind, so that

they form an almost uninterrupted band on hind dorsum ;

small side-lines above the wings run into the main pair ;

humeri pale yellow. Pleura pale yellow; a shining oval

black spot on the lower front angle of the mesopleura, the

usual black triangle over the middle coxa, and a smallish

black oval spot over the hind coxa.

Wings normal, clear, thick-veined; in one of the two

specimens both the hind cross-veins are broken in the

middle. Halteres bright whitish yellow, with darkened stalk.

Legs entirely yellow except that the front tarsus and last

joints of the others are very faintly infuscate. _

Abdomen: dorsum all brown-black, slightly shining, the

hind margins of all segments but last very narrowly yellow,

the last broadly so; venter paler.

Size (ex. antenne) 35 mm.

Cam. Coll., Peradeniya, Ceylon (J. C. F. Fryer).

PaRECTECEPHALA, Beck.

Parectecephala varifrons, sp. n.

A species in the Cam. Coll. is best assigned to this genus;

the triangle is rather longer than normal according to the

descriptions of the known species.

Head (top view, fig. 12) :—Frons about 24 times as broad

as one eye and about 1} times longer than broad, projecting

about 4 its length beyond a line touching the eyes in front ;

eye-margins parallel, the projecting forehead narrowing a

little and ending in a broad pointed tooth overhanging the

7 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 53

antennal pits; frons bright dull orange, with small scattered

black hairs ; the triangle has its base about § the breadth at

vertex ; the bounding lines are nearly straight, a little raised,

very narrowly yellow, and meet just beyond the level of

the eyes; they continue nearly to the front in a shining

yellow stalk; inside these narrow lines the triangle is

mainly shining chestnut, but is variegated by lighter colours,

Fig. 11.

Parectecephala varifrons, sp. n., X 50,

Fig. 18,

Parectecephala varifrons, sp. n., X 40,

so that the most prominently visible chestnut part is a

rhombus extending from the triangle’s tip to the front

ocellus ; this area is also very shallowly hollowed out ; the’

lighter parts consist of (1) a pair of oval dull brightish yellow

spots each side of the ocellar area, and extending thence-

right to the sides of the triangle; (2) two more orange and:

54 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Ezotic Chioropide.

more shining spots extending from hind ocelius to the outer

angles of the triangle. ‘The hind head is orange except fora

large black patch extending from the base of the triangle.

Side-view (fig. 13) :—All pale whitish yellow, the side of

frons orange ; eyes very nearly circular ; jowls about depth

of 3rd ; face somewhat concave ; antenne as fig. 11, but the

arista for its last 3 is very faintly white pubescent, not bare

as figured, 3rd joint orange with blackened tip ; tongue and

palpi yellow. Face whitish, unkeeled, but depressed, the

actual facial ridges being marked with a narrow pale grey

line ; antennal pits well marked with dark shining chitinous

edges.

Thorax: dorsum dull palish orange ; a broad black central

stripe from neck to end of scutellum—this is very intense

up to about the middle of the dorsum, then gets much

fainter, till it is very faint on the scutellum ; each side is

another uniformly black line, rounded and abbreviated front

and back, and diminishing that way in breadth; below is

another very thin blackened line extending forward from

just above the wing for about ? the pleural length. Scu-

tellum (as above) suffused centrally, sides orange, not

flittened, a little hairy, pair of terminal bristles ; meta-

notum darkened ; the pleura all rather shining pale yellow,

with a small elongate spot.

Wings normal, clear, with brown-orange veins, the

distance between cross-veins about equal to the last part of

5th; halteres with whitish knobs.

Legs long, all yellow except for the last two darkened

tarsal joints.

Abdomen shining brownish orange, with very narrow

pale segmental margins ; venter paler.

Size 44 mm.

Cam. Coll., Durban (F. ™.).

PEMPHIGONOTUS, gen. nov.

In the Bur. Coll. are three specimens (1 ¢,2 2) of a

remarkable insect from Melville Island which exhibits

marked sex-dimorphism.

Characters common to both sexes :—Texture horny,

macrochetes quite absent, though bedy hairy; scutellum

very large, swollen, standing in profile well above the

thoracic level (see fig. 14), with a flattened area of different

texture; abdomen oval and flattened ; wings with very long

discal cell. (see fig. 14), the auxiliary and anal veins just

visible as “ shadows” of veins; legs long ; antenna like that

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 55

of a true Chlorops; the triangle narrow and ill-defined,

with a better-defined narrow central line, only differen-

tiated by shine from the rest of frons.

The male has a remarkable arch in the first part of the

costa, which carries a fringe of very long hairs ; the mid-

femur and tibia are also clothed with abundant long tangled

hairs,

Fig. 14.

Pemphigonotus mirabilis, x 12.

Fig. 15.

Pemphigonotus mirabilis, x 22.

Pemphigonotus mirabilis, sp. n.

The insect is all red-orange, slightly darkened in various

places except where otherwise mentioned.

56 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evotic Chloropide.

3 .—Head (top view, fig. 15) :—Frons bare, dull except

for the very narrow redder mid-line extending from ocellus

to forehead and the narrow ill-bounded main triangle; no

eve-mar ins ; hind head hairy at upper corners behind eyes.

Side-view (fig. 14):—Antenne and palpi clear yellow ;

arista hair-like, pale ; tongue fleshy and hooked at tip. In

front the face is wide, with no keel except a tiny bar be-

tween antenne; margin of mouth arched.

Thorax bare on dorsum, which is flattened and dull except

for a central shining line extending to the shining base ; the

sides above the notopleural suture and all the pleura are

abundantly clothed with long pale hairs. Scutellum enor-

mously swollen both sideways and upwards, smooth except

for an extraordinary flattened area on the disc, which

is slightly dimpled ; the base towards thorax has two large

blackened areas with a pale line between; it is hairy, with

pale hairs, which are longest and regular on the margin ;

notopleura smooth,

Wings as fig. 14, the costal elevation from base to Ist

vein with a row of long, dark, silky hairs; the whole surface

much suffused except a rather narrow lower margin from

axillary angle to near the end of the 5th, and again from

beyond that end to just across the 4th.

Halteres practically white.

Legs long, hairy, all pale orange except for a slight suffu-

sion on the front tibia and the darkened tarsi ; all the tarsi

somewhat swollen. Tie middle femur and tibia with abun-

dant long pale hairs.

Abdomen flattened, long-oval, the maximum breadth

being about twice the thoracie breadth.

The 2 differs as follows:—Thorax not so dull and not

flattened ; wings with no costal elevation, the whole costa

being very gently curved in a continuous manner; no long

hairs on costa; no long hairs on middle legs.

Size about 5 mm.

Bur. Coll., Melville Island, N. Australia (G. F. Hill).

BatTHYPARIA, gen. nov.

Becker describes a genus Euryparia (III., p. 84) which

occurs in Formosa; it has very deep jowls, quadrate 3rd

antennal joint, and is covefed with white hairs. Among

the Durban species there are several specimens of a very

handsome small Chloropid that have the above characters,

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evotic Chloropide. 57

especially the bright silvery clothing, and even a faint

central wing-cloud, in common with Becker’s species; but

they differ greatly in that the eyes are long-oval and the

antenne are smaller. The thorax im the species represented

is black and not striped, and scutellar bristles are present.

They must form the African equivalent of the Asiatic genus.

Head (see figs. 16 & 17) :—The facial and frontal tangent-

planes meet at about 120°; eyes long-oval, with axis nearly

upright; jowls very deep, about half the depth of the long

eyes ; antenne nearly as long as face, with a practically

rectangular 8rd joint about twice as long as broad, and a

very fine, slender, bare arista, thickened basally. Frons

parallel-sided, with a long rather narrow triangle from

vertex to front only just differentiated by its extra shininess

from the rest of frons. Wing-venation as fig. 18, the 3rd

and 4th veins just not reaching the edge.

The whole insect is covered with brilliant shining white

hairs even on the frons; these are very stout and bright on

the thorax and head, but less so on the abdomen. Unlike

Euryparia, there is a pair of scutellar bristles inserted in

the same manner as in Ops.

The palpi are quite peculiar, being rather stout, long, and

spoon-shaped.

Bathyparia preclara, sp. n.

Head (top view) :—Chestnut-brown, the triangle more

shining ; the silvery hairs along the triangle’s border beud

across it ; eye-margins broad and very silvery ; the verticals

and ocellars white ; hind head all black except just on vertex

behind ocelli, where is a long yellowish stripe along the

vertical ridge. Side-view:—Similar in colour, the broad

hind eye-margin very silvery, as is the hind jowl. Antenna

slightly darkened brown; arista pale at base. The palpi

are long, spoon-shaped, and silvery grey ; tongue dark.

Face the same brown colour, side-ridges well developed ; no

median keel, so that the antennz nearly touch basally.

Thorax : dorsum, meso- and sternopleura all shining black

and punctate, covered with bright silvery-white hairs arising

from the punctures ; the rest of pleura bare. Scutellum

bright yellow, with approximated pale terminal bristles and

silvery hairs like thorax. Notopleura black and dull from

very faint shagreen.

Wings (see fig. 18) clear, with brown veins; in several

specimens the central part is very faintly tinged with brown,

Halteres pale yellow.

58 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropida.

Legs long, with slightly dilated tarsal joints, all covered

with the fine white silky hairs; front pair all bluck except

for orange trochanter and knees ; middle with orange tro-

chanter, black femur, the rest nearly white ; hind with dark

orange trochanter, femur black with pale knee, tibia pale

Fig. 16. Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.

Bathyparia preclara, X 40.

and more or less darkened about the middle, tarsi nearly

white.

Abdomen smooth, shining black, the silky hairs evident

but sparse and fine, a little longer at upper angles.

Size 24 mm.

Cam. Coll., Back Beach, Durban (Ff. .).

Mr. G. J. Arrow on Melolonthine Coleoptera, 59

III.—Some Systematic Notes on Melolonthine Coleoptera.

By GiLpert J. ARRow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Mr. L. PéRINGUEY, in his “ Catalogue of the Coleoptera of

S. Africa” (Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soe. xiii. 1904, p. 174), puts

at the head of the genus Sparrmannia a species which he

calls vertumuus, Pall. (with the names alopex, F., and

brunnipennis, Oast., as synonyms), mentioning a typical

form with pale testaceous colour as inhabiting the Karroo

region, and a form with “light” (apparently meaning dark)

chestnut elytra in Namaqualand, Bushmanland, and Damara-

land. The recent Catalogue of Dalla Torre adopts this

synonymy, but separates as a variety the dark form brunni-

pennis.

Dr. H. Brauns has lately sent a series of this dark form,

which he has found in abundance in the Uniondale district of

Cape Colony, while the light form is equally abundant in the

Willowmore district, only 42 miles to the south, but separated

by the range of the Zwaartberg running from west to east

across the continent. Examination has proved that the two

forms are quite distinct, and Fabricius’s description shows

that itis the dark form which is the true S. alopex. It was

Fabricius himself who, in his Syst. Eleut. ii. p. 163, identified

this insect with the Scarabeus vertumnus otf Pallas, but with

strange carelessness, for the latter is a Russian species,

apparently belonging to the genus Rhizotrogus.

The light-coloured Sparrmannia, described at length by

Péringuey, is therefore without a name, and I propose to

call it

Sparrmannia flava, sp. n.

In addition to the. pale-coloured elytra, this species differs

from 8. alopex in their more distinct and regular punctura-

tion, in the longer tarsi of both sexes, and especially in the

longer middle tarsi and more dilated hind tibize of the male.

The xdeagus is figured by Péringuey. That of S. alopes is

much shorter and blunter. Dr. Brauns states that, while

S. flava occurs together with S. alopex north of the dividing

range, he has never seen the latter south of the mountains,

aud that no specimens of intermediate coloration are found,

S. flava generally appears at Willowmore towards Christmas

time, while S. alopew is later, generally appearing in January

60 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Melolonthine Coleoptera.

and February. Both are nocturnal, and hide in loose soil

during the day.

There is another closely similar species, of which specimens

are probably included amongst those enumerated by Périn-

guey, and which I have wrongly determined as 8S. ver-

tumnus in Denkschr. Med. Nat. Gesellsch. xiii, 1908, p. 438.

I now call it

Sparrmannia similis, sp. n.

Pallide flava, capite, pronoto, scutello, pectore abdomineque longe

et densissime lanatis. S. flave valde similis, sed clypeo paulo

minus profunde exciso, elytris crebrius sed minus distincte

punctatis tarsisque paulo minus elongatis.

Long. 22 mm.; lat. 11°5 mm.

Hab. 8.W. Arrica: Hereroland.

This has an extremely close resemblance to S. flava, but

the elytra are finely and confusedly, instead of strongly and

sparingly, punctured, the clypeus is acutely, but less deeply,

notched in the middle, and its sides a little less rounded, and

the tarsi, or, at least, the middle ones of the male, are not

quite so long. The edeagus of the male is drawn out intoa

tube just behind the orifice.

Upon p. 287 of his Catalogue already referred to, Mr.

Péringuey recognizes two South-African species only of the

genus Asthenopholis—subfasciatus, Blanch., and erassus,

Arrow ; but the species to which he has wrongly applied the

Jatter name is evidently the true A. adspersus, Boh. (=trans-

vaalensis, Brenske), and in <A. subfasciatus he has included

the quite distinct A. mznor, Brenske, These four species

may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Scutellum well punctured; hind tibia little

dilated at the end.

a. Scales of the upper surface long and hair-like. swbfasciatus, Bl.

b. Scales of the upper surface short and broad .. minor, Brenske.

II. Scutellum smooth or almost smooth ; hind tibia

strongly dilated at the end.

ec. Pronotum moderately covered with long sete. adspersus, Bohem,

d. Pronotum closely covered with oval scales .. crassus, Arrow.

A. subfasciatus seems to be confined to Cape Colony,

A. minor to Natal, A. adspersus to Natal and the Transvaal,

whilst A. crassus is known only from British East Africa,

Brenske’s species were determined for me by himself, and

Mr. Péringuey has certainly determined them wrongly,

Mr. G. J. Arrow on Melolonthine Coleoptera. 61

although he has had the assistance of type-specimens. The

genitalia of the males are quite different in the three species

he has united, notwithstanding his statement.

Mr. Péringuey has founded a genus Euronycha, but has

not included in his Catalogue the genus T’riodonta, of which

many African species are known; and as the sole character

by which he differentiates Zuronycha (a feature of the male

alone) is found in Triodonta, they must be considered the

same,

The type of Heterochelus gonager, F., in the British

Museum is the species called by Burmeister HH. longipes, as

Mr, Péringuey has recorded upon my authority (‘lrans. 8.

Afr, Phil. Soc. xiii. 1908, p. 698) ; but the quite different

species to which the name gonager was applied both by

Burmeister and by himself in vol. xii. of the above work

remaius without any available name. 1 propose to call it

Heterochclus melanopygus, sp. 0.

The two following species of South-African Hopliini were

described several years ago at Professor Poulton’s request,

but the descriptions have remained unpublished. The insects

were amongst those collected more than a century ago by

the African traveller Burchell, and now in the British and

Oxford Museums. The data are taken from Burchell’s note-

books in Professor Poulton’s possession.

Gouna burchelli, sp. n.

Rather large, broad, sooty black, naked above, beneath

thinly clothed with black hairs and a few white scales at the

sides ; head broad, rather convex and rugose above, clypeus

short, not angulate but bilobed ; prothorax rather broader

than long, strongly contracted in front, front angles acute,

hind angles very obtuse, surface finely punctate, with a faint

longitudinal channel ; scutellum small, almost semicircular ;

elytra broad, faintly costate, irregularly and inconspicuously

punctured ; pygidium (male) large, inturned, transversely

punctate-rugose ; legs (male) rather long, hind ones slightly

* thickened, unarmed, front tibie tridentate, the innermost

tooth rather small and distant, all the claws single and

minutely cleft, but those of the hind legs hardly visibly.

Length 9 mm. ; greatest breadth 5 mm.

Locality. Burchell’s two specimens (nos. 318 and 319)

62 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Melolonthine Coleoptera.

were captured on the morning of Nov. 3, 1814, at Duyker

River, in the south of Cape Colony, a little to the west of

Mossel Bay.

The type is one of three specimens in the British Museum

derived from the Pascoe Collection, There are also four from

the Fry Collection and one from the Reiche Cellection. A!I

these, as well as the two brought by Burchell, are males, and the

other sex remains still unknown. ‘The species was wrongly

identified with AMonochelus spinipes, FE -, by Reiche, and has a

general resemblance to that insect, but its structural characters

are not those of Monochelus. They negree with those formulated

by Mr. Péringuey for his genus Gouna, one of those created

by the dismemberment of the old Gymnoloma. This dis-

memberment is very unsatisfactory, since by a process of

elimination the original genus is left without tangible differ-

ential features at all. The present form, howls ry is nearly

related to Gymnoloma lineolata, the type of Gouna, although

much larger and broader, Its comparatively large size and

sooty-black surface render it easily recognizable. I at first

suspected that the absence of scales from the upper surface

might be due to age; but the specimens are in general well

preserved, and, as all agree in being smooth on the upper

surface, they are evidently in their natural condition,

Dicranocnemus burchelli, sp. n.

Fuscous, with the elytra and legs reddish. Rather elon-

gate, the thorax distinctly longer than wide and not gibbous,

Clypeus parabolical, the front margin very slightly reflexed

and with scarcely visible angles. Upper surface of the head

uniformly finely rugose and pubescent. Prothorax mode-

rately convex, the sides regularly rounded and converging

forwards. Front angles acute, hind angles obsolete.

3. Prothorax finely rugose and densely clothed with

rather short tawny pubescence, which changes into scales at

the posterior margin, ‘The median sulcus is deep behind, but

vanishes beyond the middle. The scutellum is clothed with

elongate whitish scales and the elytra with round scales

varying in colour from chocolate to pale yellow, the light

ones forming a median longitudinal stripe which is broadest

near the shoulder, a sutural stripe broadest at the apical end,

and a quadrate ‘pateh between these. The pygidium and

propygidium are densely covered with orange scales, with a

darker band at the base of the former. The claws of the

middle feet are without a basal appendage

Length 5°5 mm.

Mr. G. J. Arrow on Melolonthine Coleoptera. 63

2. The prothorax is without a median sulcus. It is not

finely rugose, but strongly punctured, and clothed with

ereyish hair, longer but less dense than that of the male.

There are no scales. The elytra are more thinly clothed with

decumbent sete of an almost uniform tawny colour.

Length 4°5 mm.

Hab. Burcliell’s eight specimens, all of which are accounted

for, were captured in flowers, five of them at Uitenhage

(Nov. 28 and Dec. 1, 1813), and two between Kra Ka Kamma

and Van Stade’s River (Feb. 7, 1814), near (S.W. of)

Uitenhage. ‘lwo from each locality are in the British

Museum, but there is no means of associating these specimens

witli their precise data,

Types (g and ? ) in British Museum.

The description is based upon nos. 1303 and 1305 in the

British Museum. ‘I'he specimen numbered 1308 is rather

‘smaller and shorter, and may possibly prove to be distinct ;

but it is most likely only an aberrant individual of the same

form.

From the description, this species must be very nearly

related to D. hypocrita, Péringuey, which has on each

elytron two discoidal bands of pale scales coalescing at thie

middle, whereas only one is present in our form. In the

female no pattern is traceable. A male and female of the

species were compared by Mr. Guy Marshall and Mr. Pévin-

guey with the Péringuey type at Cape Town and the ? (293)

named L/eterochelus longipes, Burm., the g (294) Dicrano-

cnemus squamosus, Burm. Both, however, show the form of

front tibia distinctive of Dicranocnemus, while D. squamosus

is characterized by a peculiar formation of the middle claws

of the g which is absent here. WD. burchelii is one of the

very numerous species of this group of which the sexes are

quite dissimilar, so that, in the absence of sufficient evidence,

they are frequently associated wrongly. The question has

been settled for us in the present instance by Burchell.

Four males and four females were taken by him, and of these

one of each given to the British Museum were placed on the

same pin, showing his conclusion that they belonged to a

single species. It will be seen in the above description that,

in addition toa difference of shape, the elytra of the male are

decorated with orange scales, with a paler sutural patch and

longitudinal stripe upon each, while the female is uniformly

clothed with grey hair. Hence it is not surprising that, in

the absence of direct evidence, they should have been assigned

to different species, and even different genera,

64 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Melolonthine Coleoptera.

Both generic and specific names of Blackburn’s Neolepid/ota

obscura are redundant, the insect being a common Indian

species, Holotrichia serrata, F., of which an old specimen in

bad condition and of unknown origin unfortunately fell into

Blackburn’s hands. It is now in the British Museum.

I believe Lepidiota bovilli, Blackb., to be identical with

L. rothei, Blackb. In spite of a careful comparison of his

types, I am quite unable to detect the differences mentioned

by him.

NEMATOSERICA, gen. nov.

Corpus nonnihil elongatum. Mesosternum haud productum, sat

latum. Pedes graciles, tibia antica lata, bidentata, postica modice

angusta, fortiter spinosa, tarsorum posticorum articulo primo

quam secundum daplo longiori, Ungues profunde fissi, parte

interna brevi et lata. Antenne 10-articulate, clava(¢) quadri-

articulata, longissima, lamellis eequalibus; (2) triarticulata.

Clypeus .vix angustatus, margine antico reflexo, subtiliter

sinuato, superficie anteriori haud lato. Oculi haud magni,

remoti. Prothoracis latera postice sinuati, angulis posticis acutis,

Elytrorum margines postici arcuati, ad suturam depressi.

Nematoserica cwrulea, sp. n.

Cerulea vel viridi-czrulea, sericea, clypeo tibiis tarsisque nitidis,

antennis nigris ; modice elongata, convexa, capite, corpore subtus

pygidioque pallide setosis, elytroram Jateribus fortiter nigro-

setosis, clypeo parce punctato, margine valde reflexo, antice sub-

tiliter sinuato; pronoto parcissime punctato, lateribus bisinuatis,

angulis posticis acutis, paulo productis, basi utrinque late

impresso; elytris fortiter sulcatis, sulcis sat vage punctatis,

apicibus separatim arcuatis, parte postica ad suturam depressa,

corpore subtus opaco, grosse setoso ; pygidio sat fortiter punctato.

Long. 5-5°5 mm.; lat. max. 3-3°5 mm.

Hab. BoRNEO (Sarawak): Puak (G. EH. Bryant, April,

May).

Type in the British Museum.

This beautiful little insect is chiefly remarkable for the

length of the 4-jointed antennal club of the male, which is

relatively longer than in any other species of Sericineas known

tome. The tour lameilee are of equal length—at least five

times as long as the foot-stalk—and little shorter than the

elytra. The bright blue or greenish-blue colour is also, so

far as I know, unique. The upper surface is silky and sub-

opaque, with the clypeus alone shining, the margin of the

On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraline. 65

latter broadly reflexed, the front margin very gently excised,

and a row of stiff bristles traversing the middle from side to side.

Lhe eyes are rather small and far apart. The lateral margins

of the prothorax are distinctly sinuated in their posterior half,

the hind angles a little produced and acute and the base

impressed on each side. The elytra are sulcate and the sulci

contain rather coarse but shallow punctures.

The genus is apparently related to ZYeraserica, which I

do not know, and which has been described from the male

alone, the antenna of which has the last four joints rather

long but much less elongate than in the present insect. This

has not the forehead narrow and the eyes very large and

prominent, as in Teraserica, The strongly bisinuated sides

of the prothorax and acutely produced hind angles are very

characteristic, and another peculiarity which, so far as I know,

is not found elsewhere is in the shape of the elytra. hese

are separately rounded at their hinder margins, with the

sutural angles extremely blunt, so that a wide angle is formed

and a considerable part of the abdomen exposed. ‘he

peculiar appearance, however, is chiefly due to the fact that

this part of the elytra is strongly depressed along the suture.

IV.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies

Epipaschiane, Chrysauginze, Endotrichine, and Pyraline.

By Sir Georcs F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

[Concluded from vol. xviii. p. 373.]

(26) Pyralis nigricilialis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax creamy white tinged with purplish red,

especially the tegule; antennz purplish red; abdomen creamy

white mixed with purplish red and dorsally banded with black

except at base and extremity. Fore wing creamy white mixed

with purplish red, the basal area suifused with black except at

base of inner margin, the costa black,:rather diffused towards

apex; antemedial line defining the black area, creamy white

slightly defined on outer side by purplish-red and black scales,

excurved below costa; the medial part of costa with three white

points ; a round white spot defined by purplish red at upper angle

of cell, another below the lower angle conjoined to a patch of

confluent annuli beyond the lower angle, and another annulus

on vein 1; postmedial line white defined on each side by purplish

red, oblique to discal fold, then slightly waved; cilia black mixed

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xix, 5

66 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with some purplish red. Hind wing creamy white mixed with

purplish red, the basal area suffused with black; an oblique

slightly sinuous white antemedial line defined on outer side by

purplish pink and some black scales; a white patch defined by

purplish red and with purplish-red point in centre at lower angle

of cell; postmedial line white defined on each side by purplish

rel and some black scales, waved; an interrupted purplish-red

line with some black scales on it before termen; cilia black

mixed with some purplish red. Underside purplish red; fore

wing with the costa black with white points on it to beyonl

middle ; hind wing with waved white postmedial line defined by

deeper purplish red.

Hab. Br. EB. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 13; Br. C. Arrica,

Mt. Mlanje (Neave). 1 ¢ type. Hap. 16 mm.

(2c) Pyralis trifolialis, sp. n.

3S. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with purplish red,

the antenne and tegule purplish red, the abdomen irrorated with

some blackish scales; sides of frons and palpi blackish, the latter

with the extremities of 2nd and 8rd joints white; fore legs

blackish, the tarsi ringed with white; pectus, mid and hind: legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown.

Fore wing creamy white mixed with purplish red and irrorated

with a few black scales, the terminal area more suffused with

purplish red; antemedial line white defined on each side. by

purplish red, slightly sinuous, a small white spot defined by

purplish red on its outer side at vein 1; the medial part of

costa black with four white points on it; a small white spot

with purplish-red annulus at upper angle of cell, others below

the lower angle of cell and on vein 1, and a trifoliate patch

beyond lower angle of cell; postmedial line white defined on

each side by purplish red, expanding at costa, excurved to near

termen at middle, and ending at tornus; cilia fuscous black with

a fine white line at base. Hind wing with the basal area white

mixed with black and some purplish red, the medial area purplish

red irrorated with black especially towards inner margin, the

terminal area purplish red mixed with whitish and black; a

slightly sinuous white antemedial line defined on each side by

blackish ; a figure-of-eight-shaped white discoidal spot defined

by blackish and with black points in its upper and lower parts ;

postmedial line white defined on each side by blackish, waved,

excurved between veins 6 and 3; cilia fuscous blaek with a

fine white line at base. Underside whitish suffused with red-

brown ; fore wing with the costa black with white points on it

to beyond middle; hind wing with the postmedial line whitish

and indistinct.

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 ¢ type. Exp.

12 mm, ‘

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraline. G7

(2d) Pyralis atrisparsalis, sp. n.

2. Head whitish suffused with purplish pink; thorax and

abdomen purplish pink mixed with some whitish and strongly

irorated with black, the pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen less strongly irrorated. Fore wing purplish pink mixed

with some whitish and strongly irrorated with black, especially

on basal area except towards costa; antemedial line strong,

whitish defined on each side by black, oblique to submedian

fold, where it is angled outwards, angled inwards at vein 1; a

small blackish discoidal spot; a whitish patch on costal area

towards apex, the whitish subterminal line arising from it,

excurved to vein 3, then incurved; the termen purplish pink.

Hind wing whitish tinged with purplish pink, the terminal half

suffused with fuscous and irrorated with black towards tornus;

a whitish postmedial line, excurved at middle and angled out-

wards at veins 3 and 2, then oblique to tornus; the termen

purplish pink; cilia whitish, mixed with pink and black at tips.

Underside whitish mixed with pink and fuscous; fore wing with

the subterminal line indistinct, except the patch on costal area ;

hind wing with whitish postmedial line excurved at middle.

Hab. N. Nicerta, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 9 type. Exp. 18 mm.

(8a) Pyralis costinotalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax pale rufous; abdomen whitish suffused

with red-brown; antenne brownish; palpi and legs whitish suf-

fused with red-brown. Fore wing rufous tinged with purplish

red; antemedial line white defined on outer side by black,

expanding into a wedge-shaped mark at costa, to which it is

slightly incurved; the medial part of costa with alternating

black and white points; a slight blackish discoidal spot; post-

medial line white defined on inner side by blackish, expanding

into a wedge-shaped mark at costa, then excurved and very

slightly waved; a faint maculate brownish terminal band; a fine

whitish line at base of cilia. Hind wing whitish suffused with

rufous to the postmedial line except on costal area, the terminal

area irrorated with brown; an oblique sinuous white antemedial

line, joined at inner margin by the white postmedial line, which

is excurved at middle, then slightly waved; a terminal series of

small brown spots; cilia with a brown line near tips. Underside

whitish suffused with reddish brown; fore wing with series of

whitish and dark brown points on costa to the postmedial line;

both wings with slight blackish discoidal spot and slightly waved

whitish postmedial line defined on inner side by brown and

excurved at middle.

(13 ¢@) Pyralis rufibasalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax red-brown ; abdomen white suffused with

pale olive; legs red-brown; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen

68 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

whitish tinged with red-brown. Fore wing with the basal area

rufous irrorated with red-brown, the rest of wing white tinged

with olive; a small black discoidal spot; the curved postmedial

line indicated by a faint olive shade on its inner side. Hind

wing white tinged with olive; a diffused black patch on basal

area; a small black discoidal spot; a diffused curved olive post-

medial line. Underside white thickly irrorated with black-brown ;

hind wing with small black discoidal spot and diffused curved dark

postmedial line.

Hab. Gotp Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 13; S. Nigeria,

Tlesha (Humfrey), 1 3 type. xp. 14-16 mm.

(136) Pyralis rosettincta, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with pale red-

brown. Fore wing white suffused with pale red-brown except

towards the costa and termen; a curved white antemedial line

with a patch tinged with rose-pink before it except at costa and

inner margin; a slight red-brown discoidal spot; a sinuous white

postmedial line with a rose-pink shade beyond it. Hind wing

white suffused with pale red-brown except at termen; a curved

white antemedial line; a white postmedial line excurved at middle

and above inner margin and with rose-pink shade beyond it.

Underside white tinged with rufous; hind wing with curved white

postmedial line. -

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 ¢ type. Hap.

14 mm.

(16d) Pyralis tyrialis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish ochreous, the head,

thorax, and two basal segments of abdomen suffused with purplish

crimson; palpi, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen brownish

ochreous. Fore wing brownish ochreous suffused with purplish

crimson and slightly irrorated with dark brown; a fine curved

white antemedial line; a small black discoidal spot; a white post-

medial line, excurved at middle; cilia white and blackish. Hind

wing brownish ochreous strongly suffused with purplish crimson

and irrorated with black ; indistinct curved white ante- and post-

medial lines defined by black seales ; a blackish terminal line; cilia

blackish. Underside ochreous suffused and irrorated with brown.

Hab. Gotv Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 9 type. Exp.

18 mm.

(16e) Pyralis phenicealis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous brown with a crimson

band on 2nd segment of abdomen; palpi with some dark brown at’

sides; fore legs suffused with dark brown. Fore wing silky

ochreous brown ; the costal area irrorated with some dark scales,

the medial part of costa with series of black points and the

terminal part of costa glossy black; two indistinct crimson sub-

Pyralidee of the Subfanily Pyraline. 69

basal lines; a crimson and blackish point in middle of cell and

small discoidal spot; a crimson point at middle of submedian fold

and bar at inner margin; a postmedial crimson point at discal

fold and bar from submediaie fold to inner margin; a curved

diffused crimson subterminal line and a terminal band except on

the black costal area; cilia deep crimson. Hind wing glossy

ochreous brown; a crimson subbasal patch from cell to inner

margin; a discoidal patch with oblique line from it to inner

margin ; a strong postmedial line somewhat excurved at middle ;

a Sean einai band expanding into a patch at costa, and a narrow

band before the ochreous terminal line ; cilia deepcrimson. Under-

side ochreous suffused with fuscous brown: fore wing with some

pale points on medial part of costa and both wings with pale curved

postmedial line.

Hab. Goww Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell) 1 2 type. Exp.

18 mm.

(19a) Pyralis excumbralis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish ochreous. Fore wing

ochreous; a rather diffused fuscous patch below the cell; a small

black discoidal spot; a fuscous subterminal shade, not reaching

the costa and narrowing to tornus. Hind wing ochreous; a sub-

basal patch of black irroration, the rest of wing urorated with

fuscous; a curved whitish postmedial line. Warteride ochreous

irrorated with fuscous; fore wing. with blackish discoidal point

and both wings with whitish postmedial line.

Hab. Gord Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell) 1 S$ type. xp.

16 mm.

(10) Pyralis flavirubralis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish red mixed with some

yellowish. Fore wing purplish red slightly nrorated with brownish,

the medial area yellow irrorated with red and more suffused with

red towards inner margin ; antemedial line whitish, slightly sinuous

below the cell; a blackish discoidal point; postmedial line whitish,

incurved below discal fold ; cilia yellowish tinged with red. Hind

wing purplish red thickly irrorated with fuscous ; an indistinct

oblique slightly sinuous whitish antemedial line and curved slightly

waved postmedial line; cilia purplish red with a fine white line at

base. Underside ochreous white irrorated with red; both wings

with small blackish discoidal spot.

_ Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 35 type. Hap. 18mm.

(ld) Pyralis perpulverea, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax whitish tinged with rufous and irrorated

with dark brown; abdomen whitish tinged with rufous; palpi,

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen rufous, the tarsi dark

brown ringed with white. Fore ‘wing rufous mixed with some

whitish, especially towards inner margin and thickly irrcrated with

70 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

fuscous; a slight blackish discoidal striga; cilia black mixed with

some grey, a pale reddish line at base and some reddish scales at

tips. Hind wing whitish tinged with rufous; cilia rufous with a

fine whitish line at base and dark line near tip except towards

tornus. Underside of fore wing pale fuscous brown, the costal and

terminal areas rufous; hind wing whitish tinged with red-brown,

the apical area rufous.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 9 type; Port.

E. Arrica, Mt. Chiperone (Neave),1 9. Hap. 22 mm.

(le) TLegulifera trroralis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey irrorated with

black; the anal tuft rufous; antennze whitish ringed with black.

Fore wing brownish grey tinged with rufous especially towards

costa and irrorated with black; a series of whitish points on costa

with some blackish between them except towards base ; a terminal

series of black bars; cilia fuscous with a fine Avhitish line at base

and blackish line near tips. Hind wing brownish grey tinged with

rufous and irrorated with black; an indistinct pale curved post-

medial line defined on inner side by blackish; a terminal series of

black striz; cilia fuscous mixed with grey, a fine whitish line near

base and blackish line near tips. Underside of fore wing rufous

irrorated with blackish, the inner area whitish; a series of white

points on costa with black between them, a blackish discoidal

striga, a pale subterminal line defined on inner side by blackish,

angled outwards to termen at vein 3; hind wing pale rufous

irrorated with blackish, a black discoidal point and postmedial line

defined on outer side by whitish and excurved at middle.

Hab. W. Arrica (Dudgeon), 1 2 type; S. Nieeria, Lagos

(Sir G. Carter),1 9. Exp. 16 mm.

(26) Tegulifera purpurascens, sp. n.°

3. Head and thorax purplish red with a few fuscous scales;

abdomen ochreous suffused with purplish red and irrorated with

black, the extremity clear ochreous; palpi black at tips; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen purplish red irrorated with

black. Fore wing purplish red irrorated with black ; a rather irre-

gularly waved almost medial black line defined on inner side by

diffused ochreous; the medial part of costa with some whitish

points with black between them; postmedial line black defined

on outer side by diffused ochreous, waved, exeurved between

veins 5 and 2 and incurved at submedian fold; a terminal series of

black points. Hind wing ochreous suffused with purplish red and

irrorated with fuscous ; traces of a curved blackish antemedial line

and a distinct curved postmedial line; a terminal series of black

points. Underside ochreous tinged with purplish red ; both wings

with small black discoidal spot and curved postmedial line.

Hab. 8. Nigeria (Sampson), 1 3 type. Exp. 22 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraline. 71

(2d) Tequlifera eleomesa, sp. n.

$. Head and thorax pale olive-brown, the vertex of head and

tips of patagia tinged with purplish red ; abdomen pale olive-brown

suffused with purplish red towards base and irrorated with some

black scales towards extremity; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

of abdomen whitish suffused with purplish red and irrorated with

black. Fore wing pale olive-brown, the terminal area purplish

red irrorated with black; a curved whitish antemedial line with

a purplish-red patch irrorated with black before it from cell to

inner margin; the medial part of costa with some white points

with black between them; a black discoidal point; a slightly in-

curved white postmedial line with some black irroration before it

below the cell; a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing

purplish red irrorated with black ; two curved whitish medial lines,

the area between them suffused with blackish ; a fine white line

at base of cilia. Underside purplish red irrorated with black and

mixed with whitish towards base; both wings with obscure black

discoidal spots; fore wing with the postmedial line indistinct ;

hind wing with slightly waved, white, medial line defined on inner

side by rather diffused black.

. Hab. Goun Coast, Aburi (Johnston), 1 3, Bibianaha (Spur-

rell), 2 $type. Hap. 14 mm. -

(29) Tegulifera obovalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale red with a few fuscous scales ; abdomen

pale reddish, the base purplish red; subdorsal black fascize except

at base, connected dorsally on 2nd segment and on two terminal

segments ; pectus, legs, and ventral sur face of abdomen pale reddish.

Fore wing pale rdious slightly irrorated with fuscous, the ovate

terminal area chocolate-brown ; antemedial line whitish defined on

outer side by blackish, rather oblique ; a small black discoidal spot;

the medial part of costa with whitish points with some black

between them; postmedial line whitish defined on inner side by

blackish, ineurved; a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing

red-brown with a slight purplish-red tinge ; a curved whitish ante-

medial line defined on outer side by dark brown; a small blackish

spot at upper angle of cell; postmedial line whitish defined on

inner side by dark brown, rather obliquely curved; a fine white

line at base of cilia. Underside whitish tinged with rufous espe-

cially in and beyond the cell of fore wing and on terminal areas of

both wings, the costal areas with some black irroration ; fore wing

with the whitish and black points on costa extending to base, the

postmedial line very slightly waved; hind wing with dark ante-

medial line from cell to inner margin, small discoidal spot and

oblique slightly waved postmedial line.

Hab. Gotp Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 g, 1 Q type;

Narat, Durban (Leigh), 1 9. Hap. 24-28 mm.

72 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2h) Tegulifera semicircularis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale red-

brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale olive-brown and

slightly irrorated with black, the semicircular terminal area deep

chocolate-red and defined on inner side by an incurved white shade ;

antemedial line white defined on inner side by brown, rather oblique;

a black discoidal spot; cilia white, tinged eh reddish brown

except at base. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale red-brown ;

two oblique dark medial lines defined by white, the inner line on

inner side, the outer on outer side, the area between them rather

whiter; a fine red-brown terminal line; cilia pale reddish, white at

base and with some dark scales at tips. Underside whitish suffused

with rufous; fore wing with black points on costa to beyond

middle, a black discoidal point, the terminal area purplish red

defined on inner side by an incurved white line; hind wing with

oblique very slightly waved reddish-brown postmedial line.

Hab. Gown Coast, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 1 9 type. Exp.

28 mm.

(27) Tegulifera tripartita, sp. n.

¢. Head whitish tinged with red-brown; thorax red-brown

tinged with grey ; abdomen whitish tinged with red-brown ; legs

dark brown, the tarsi ringed with white. _Fore. wing with the

basal and terminal areas dark red-brown with a orey a gloss, the

medial area pale grey slightly tinged with red-brown and irrorated

with dark brown ; aricenenlel hae white slightly defined on outer

side by brown, exeurved to submedian fold, then incurved; the

media] part of costa with a series of white points with dark brown

between them; a small dark brown discoidal spot; postmedial line

white slightly defined on inner side by brown, slightly incurved

below vein 3; cilia pale red-brown with a fine white line at base

defined on outer side by a dark line. Hind wing greyish with dark

red-brown irroration along vein 1 and on terminal half; an oblique

brown line from upper angle of cell to inner margin ‘at the post-

medial line which is pale ‘defined on each side by ‘brow n, curved ;

cilia pale red-brown with a fine white line at base ‘defined on outer

side by a dark line. Underside of fore wing reddish ochreous

irrorated with brown, the terminal area suffused with red-brown,

the inner area white, the basal area darker to submedian fold, the

costa black-brown with series of prominent white points to the

postmedial line, which is dark defined on outer side by white

forming a small spot at costa, a blackish discoidal spot; hind wing

whitish tinged with rufous and irrorated with red-brown except on

inner area, a dark discoidal spot and curved postmedial line defined

on outer side by whitish.

Hab. Assam, Khasis (Nissary), 3 3 type. Exp. 26 mm.

(36) Tegulifera oehrimesalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the tegule tinged with

Pyralidze of the Subfamily Pyraline. 73

purplish pink, the abdomen suffused with purplish pink and irro-

rated with black except at extremity; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen ochreous yellow. Fore wing ochreous yellow

tinged with purplish pink and slightly irrorated with dark scales,

the medial area and termen almost clear ochreous ; antemedial line

yellow slightly defined on outer side by brownish, curved; a blackish

point at upper angle of cell; postmedial line yellow slightly defined

on inner side by brownish, slightly excurved at middle and incurved

at submedian fold. Hind wing yellowish suffused with purplish

pink and irrorated with blackish ; waved whitish medial and post-

medial lines; a terminal series of small blackish spots except

towards tornus. Underside ochreous tinged with brown; both

wings with indistinct pale sinuous ante- and postmedial lines defined

by brownish ; fore wing with slight dark discoidal spot.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 2 type. Hyp.

20 mm.

(38d) Tegulifera pallidalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with reddish; abdomen

ochreous faintly tinged with purplish red and slightiy irrorated

with brown; fore and mid legs suffused with red-brown. Fore

wing pale ochreous slightly irrorated with brown, the terminal area

tinged with purplish pink ; a series of slight dark points on costa;

a slight dark discoidal spot; a straight pale ochreous postmedial

line defined on inner side by brown and on outer by the pink

terminal area; a terminal series of dark points; cilia brownish

ochreous. Hind wing ochreous white; a rather punctiform brown-

ish terminal line except towards tornus; cilia ochreous, tinged with

brown towards apex. Underside ochreous white; fore wing with

the costal and terminal areas tinged with pinkish, some pale points

on costa towards base, a small brown discoidal spot, the postmedia]

line indistinct, whitish ; hind wing with the costa deeper ochreous,

an oblique brown postmedial line from costa to discal fold.

Hab. Uaanpa, Gondotroro (Reynes-Cole), 1 3 type. Exp.

20 mm.

(4a) Tegulifera bostralis, sp. n.

©. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with red-brown ; abdo-

men ochreous irorated with black-brown; legs. suffused with

red-brown; ventral surface of abdomen tinged with reddish. Fore

wing with the basal and terminal areas red-brown, the medial area

ochreous slightly irrorated with brown, more thickly towards costa;

a pale antemedial line defining the basal area; some pale points

on medial part of costa; a small black discoidal spot; postmedial

line pale, oblique, slightly excurved at middle, then incurved; a

terminal series of small blackish spots and a pale line at base of

cilia. Hind wing ochreous tinged with red-brown, the terminal

half suffused with pale red-brown; an indistinct sinuous dark

medial line defined on outer side by ochreous ; a terminal series of

blackish bars ; cilia red-brown with a pale line at base. Underside

74 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

of fore wing ochreous suffused with purplish red except on inner

area, a series of whitish points on costa with dark brown between

them to the oblique pale postmedial line ; hind wing ochreous, the

costal area and terminal half tinged with purplish red, a small

blackish spot at upper angle of cell and oblique sinuous brown

medial line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Kakumega Forest, Yala R. (Weave),

1 9 type; Transvaat, White R. (Cooke),19. Hap. 26-28 mm.

(Ge) Tegulifera metasarcistis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax ochreous mixed with dark brown; abdomen

ochreous; antennz brownish; palpi dark brown irrorated with

whitish; legs suffused with dark brown, the tarsi black-brown

ringed with whitish. Fore wing ochreous thickly irrorated with

purplish red and some black except on basal inner area; a pale

postmedial line, exeurved below discal fold; a terminal series of

blackish bars; cilia ochreous tinged with red. Hind wing flesh-

pink ; a small brown subterminal spot at submedian fold ; a black-

ish terminal line except towards tornus. Underside ochreous tinged

with red; hind wing with obliquely curved red postmedial line.

Hab. Gourd Coast, Bibianaha’ (Spurrell), 1 3 type. Lup.

18 mm.

(7a) Tegulifera flavicarnea, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow tinged with reddish, the

palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen more strongly

tinged with red-brown. Fore wing yellow tinged with purplish

pink, especially on terminal half, and slightly irrorated with brown;

the costa with series of white points with dark brown between

them except towards base; a pale subterminal line, excurved from

below costa to vein 2; a fine white line at base of cilia defined on

its outer side by a black line. Hind wing golden yellow with a

black line at base of cilia. Underside yellow, the costal and

terminal areas tinged with purplish red and the former irrorated °

with dark brown ; fore wing with series of white points on costa

with black between them, a curved white subterminal line defined

on inner side by blackish, a terminal series of small blackish spots ;

hind wing with curved white subterminal line defined on inner side

by blackish.

Hab. Borneo, Sandakan (Pryer), 1 5 type. Hap. 22 mm.

(7b) Tegulifera flaveola, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish suffused with purplish

red ; palpi dull purplish red. Fore wing yellowish suffused with

dull purplish red and irrorated with blackish scales, the area from

middle of wing to the postmedial line more strongly suffused ; a

faint dark discoidal spot; the postmedial line indistinct, excurved

at middle and ineurved below vein 2; a terminal series of small

blackish spots. Hind wing yellowish, suffused and irrorated with

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraline. 75

dark brown to the indistinct curved postmedial line, the terminal

area very slightly irrorated; a terminal series of small dark brown

spots; cilia with a dark brown line through them. Underside

yellow; fore wing tinged and irrorated with brown to the post-

medial line, the terminal area slightly irrorated, more strongly

towards costa; hind wing irrorated with brown to the indistinct

irregular postmedial line, the terminal area sparsely irrorated from

costa to vein 2. bi

Ab. 1. Wings uniformly suffused with red and irrorated with

blackish; fore wing with the postmedial line hardly traceable ;

hind wing with it indistinct; the underside uniformly suffused

with red and irrorated with black, both wings with curved slightly

waved blackish postmedial line.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Sates), 3 2 type. Hap. 20-

24 mm.

(7c) Teqgulifera chromalis, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen golden yellow suffused with

purplish red; palpi yellow tinged with purplish red in front towards

base ; fore coxze and mid femora towards base deep purple, the

fore and mid tibiz black-brown, the tarsi black-brown ringed with

whitish. Fore wing golden yellow, the basal area to just below

the cell purplish red, the apical area from middle of costa to termen

at vein | suffused and irrorated with purplish red leaving a conical

almost clear yellow patch from postmedial part of costa to below

vein 5, the inner area irrorated with a few red scales; some yellow

points on medial part of costa; the antemedial line represented by

a yellow bar from costa to median nervure; the postmedial line

faint and excurved from vein 6 to 2, then incurved; cilia glossy

black-brown. Hind wing golden yellow irrorated with purplish

red to the postmedial line and on terminal area from apex to

vein 4; an oblique curved red antemedial line joined at inner

margin by the curved slightly waved postmedial line ; cilia glossy

black-brown except towards tornus. Underside yellow ; fore wing

more evenly irrorated with red, the costa deep purplish red with

pale points on it to the indistinct curved yellow postmedial line ;

hind wing with the costal area irrorated with red, a faint curved

postmedial line formed by red scales.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 1 S type. Lap.

30 mm.

(7d) Tequlifera ochrealis, sp. n.

Q. Orange-yellow. Fore wing with faint traces of curved post-

medial line. Hind wing rather paler.

Hab. MasnonatanD (Dobbie), 1 2 type. Exp. 20 mm,

(9a) Tegulifera conisalis, sp. un.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with mid

reddish brown ; fore tarsi dark brown ringed with whitish; dull

76 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

and hind tarsi whitish. Fore wing greyish tinged with red-brown

and thickly irrorated with dark red-brown; an oblique whitish

antemedial line defined on outer side by diffused dark brown; some

whitish points on medial part of costa with dark brown between

them ; a small dark brown discoidal spot; postmedial line whitish

defined on inner side by dark brown, slightly waved and curved to

vein 2 and incurved at submedian fold; a terminal series of small

dark brown spots and whitish line at base of cilia. Hind wing

whitish tinged and irrorated with brown ; a terminal series of snia i

dark brown spots. Underside whitish tinged and irrorated with

purplish brown, the inner areas paler ; both wings with small dark

discoidal spot and curved postmedial line; fore wing with the

costa dark brown with white points on it to the eles: line.

Hab. Germ. E. Arrica, Dar-es-Salaam, 1 ¢ type. zp.

16 mm.

(2) Elealis metachalecistis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown; antennz whitish

ringed with brown; fore tarsi ringed with whitish, the mid and

hind tarsi whitish tmged with red-brown. Fore wing dark red-

brown with a cupreous gloss ; a series of whitish points ¢ on costa to

beyond middle and a postmedial whitish spot tinged with reddish.

Hind wing golden cupreous irrorated with dark red- brown, the

costal and. terminal areas dark red-brown, the latter narrowing to

tornus; the underside reddish ochreous, the basal part of costal area

and cell mottled with reddish ochreous defining a dark brown

discoidal spot, the terminal area dark brown narrowing to tornus.

@. Fore wing with narrow whitish postmedial band tinged with

reddish.

Hiab. Br. E. Arrica, Kikuyu Escarpment, Ibea (Doherty), 2 3,

1 9 type. Exp. 18-20 mm.

(la) Stemmatophora albiceps, sp. n.

Antenne of male with the basal joint very long.

Head ochreous white, the antenne dark brown except the basal

joint, the palpi with dark brown spot at side of 2nd joint, the

8rd dark brown with white tips; tegule ochreous white irrorated

with some dark brown scales and dark brown at sides; thorax

whitish, the patagia dark brown at sides; abdomen reddish brown

tinged with grey, the anal tuft ochreous; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen dark brown tinged. with grey. Fore wing

dark reddish brown; triangular white ante- and postmedial patches

on costa with faint slightly curved whitish lines from them to

inner margin and two white points between them on costa; cilia

with a fine white line at base and some whitish at tips. Hind wing

dark reddish brown with curved whitish ante- and postmedial lines;

cilia with a slight whitish line at base. Underside fuscous brown ;

fore wing with the inner area whitish, a series of ochreous-white

points on costa to an ochreous-white postmedial patch with slight

Pyralids ofthe Subfamily Pyraline. 7

line from it to inner margin; hind wing with oblique whitish

postmedial line defined on inner side by darker brown.

Hab. N. Nicerts, Minna (Macfie), 1 $ type, Zungeru (Macfie),

id, . oo Bap; 6 14, 9 16 mm,

(2a) Stemmatophora oleoalbalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax white with a faint brownish tinge; abdo-

men whitish tinged with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown

scales; antennz ringed with brown; pectus and legs suffused with

red-brown, the tarsi dark brown ringed with white; ventral surface

of abdomen dark brown towards extremity. Fore wing white

tinged with pale olive and irrorated with a few black scales; a

slight black mark at base of costa; the medial area black with

white points on costa and defined by the diffused white ante- and

postmedial lines, the former nearly straight, the latter strongly

excurved at middle, then incurved, a wedge-shaped rufous patch

beyond it on costa; a terminal series of faint black points. Hind

wing white with a faint brownish tinge; a faint curved dark post-

mediai line; a terminal series of black points except towards

tornus. Underside whitish tinged with rufous; fore wing with

whitish points with black between them to the postmedial line,

the medial area suffused with blackish; hind wing with slight

dark point at upper angle of cell and rather diffused black post-

medial line defined on outer side by white and excurved at middle.

Hab. Br. HE. Arnica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 & type. Exp.

20 mm.

(26) Stemmatophora chloralis, sp. n.

Stemmatophora chloralis, Longstaff, Butterfly Hunting in Many Lands,

pl. ii. fig. 9.

2. Head white; antennz with the extreme base of shaft black ;

thorax white tinged with very pale blue-green; pectus, legs, and

abdomen white irrorated with a few black scales, the tarsi slightly

ringed with black. Fore wing white very finely pencilled with

pale blue-green ; a black striga trom base of costa; a black point

on middle of costa ; an oblique black band, defined on each side by

rather diffused white from costa just beyond middle to inner

margin, with some white points on it at costa, expanding into a

large elliptical black patch in and beyond the cell, then narrowing

and again slightly expanding to inner margin; a terminal series of

slight black points with a more prominent point above tornus.

Hind wing white, the terminal area slightly irrorated with black

scales, extending on costa to middle and narrowing to tornus; a

slight fuscous mark at lower angle of cell; a terminal ‘series of

small black spots from apex to submedian fold. Underside of fore

wing with prominent series of black strize on costa from base to

the postmedial band which is obsolescent.

Hab. Zampest, Victoria Falls (Longstaf’), 1 2 type, ¢ in

Coll. Longstaff. Kap. 24 mm.

78 Sir G. F. Hampsoii on new

(6c) Stemmatophora cupricolor, sp. n.

; 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red with a whitish tinge,

the pectus, legs, and ‘ventral surface of abdomen whiter. Fore wing

cupreous red ‘slightly irrorated with black; a whitish postmedial

line, oblique to vein 6, then sinuous; a fusenus terminal line ; cilia

fuscous mixed with whitish and with black line near base. Hind

wing fiery red irrorated with blackish; a blackish antemedial line,

oblique to submedian fold, where there is a white patch before it,

then sinuous and defined on inner side by whitish ; a curved white

postmedial line slightly defined on inner side by blackish; cilia

fuscous mixed with whitish and with black line near base. Under-

side of fore wing grey-brown, a slight dark postmedial line defined

on outer side by whitish, oblique to vein 5, then slightly incurved ;

hind wing brownish white slightly irrorated with brown, a slight

curved brown postmedial line.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 3 type.- Exp.

26 mm.

(6d) Stemmatophora olivotincta, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish tinged with olive-brown;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen tinged with crimson.

Fore wing whitish suffused with pale olive-brown; a slightly

curved white antemedial line ; the medial part of costa with series

of white points with dark brown between them; a straight erect

white postmedial line; a slight crimson terminal line ; cilia bright

crimson with a fine white line at base. Hind wing whitish suffused

with pale olive-brown ; traces of a curved white antemedial line

and a more distinct postmedial line ; a slight crimson terminal line;

cilia bright crimson with a fine white line at base. Underside

white tinged with rufous ; fore wing with large patch of crimson

suffusion in and beyond the cell and below lower end of cell with

slight crimson suffusion beyond it between veins 5 and 2; hind

wing with crimson antemedial line oblique to median nervure, the

medial part of costa and a spot at upper angle of cell crimson, a

strong rather diffused crimson postmedial line, the terminal area

tinged with crimson towards apex and in submedian interspace.

flab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 1 9 type. Hap.

24 mm.

(6f) Stemmatophora hemicyclalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous and irrorated with

a few dark brown scales; abdomen ochreous white irrorated with

dark brown scales forming diffused dorsal bands except towards

base ; palpi and fore legs dark reddish brown, the latter with the

tarsi ringed with white. Fore wing ochreous whitish irrorated

with dark brown, the basal area suffused with red-brown, the costa

dark brown with slight whitish points to beyond middle ; a minute

black discoidal spot; postmedial line, white, incurved from costa -

towards apex to tornus, the semicircular ter minal area suffused with

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraline. 79

dark brown shading to red-brown at termen; a terminal series of

black points; cilia greyish suffused with brown. Hind wing white

irrorated with brown except on terminal area from apex to vein 3

which is faintly tinged with rufous; an indistinct obliquely curved

dark postmedial line ; a terminal series of small black spots ; cilia

tinged with brown and with a brownish line near base. Underside

whitish ; fore wing irrorated with brown especially on basal half,

an indistinct erect dark postmedial line; hind wing with the costal

area irrorated with brown, an indistinct obliquely curved dark

postmedial line.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 13, 12 type. up.,

6 20, 9 22 mm,

(11 a) Stemmatophora perrubralis, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax fiery rufous; abdomen yellowish tinged

with rufous, the ventral surface deeper rufous. Fore wing fiery

rufous slightly irrorated with dark brown; antemedial line pale

slightly defined on outer side by black scales, rather oblique; a

small black discoidal spot ; postmedial line whitish slightly defined

on inner side by dark scales, almost straight and erect; a slight

dark terminal line and whitish line at base of cilia which are brown

and whitish at tips. Hind wing yellowish suffused with fiery red ;

a curved whitish postmedial line slightly defined on inner side by

red; a fine whitish line at base of cilia. Underside yellowish

suffused with fiery red; both wings with faint red postmedial line

defined on outer side by whitish.

Hab. Lourengo Maregues, Shilouvane (Junod), 2 2 type.

Hep. 28 rom.

(12 a) Stemmatophora minimalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale red-

brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish

irrorated with dark brown. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale

red-brown and irrorated with blackish; the costa with slight

whitish points with blackish between them to the postmedial line ;

a curved whitish antemedial line; a faint dark medial line, slightly

excurved to submedian fold, then incurved; postmedial line whitish

slightly defined on inner side by dark brown and slightly curved ;

cilia brown with pure white tips. Hind wing whitish suffused

with pale red-brown and irrorated with blackish ; an oblique whitish

antemedial line curved inwards to costa; a straight white post-

medial line; cilia brown, pure white at tips. Underside whitish

suffused with reddish and irorated with brown; both wings with

curved white postmedial line.

Hab. Crynton, Trincomali (Green), 1 5, 19 type. Hap.,

6 12, 2 14mm.

80 pir Ge Hampson on new

(12,f) Stemmatophora excurvalis, sp. n.

Q@. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale red-

brown and irrorated with dark brown, the last with blackish dorsal

bands on two medial segments. Fore wing whitish suffused with

pale red-brown and irrorated with dark brown; a narrow inwardly

oblique whitish antemedial band; the medial part of costa with

slight whitish points with dark brown between them; a faint

blackish discoidal spot; postmedial line whitish slightly defined on

inner side by fuscous, slightly incurved to discal fold, then strongly

excurved to vein 2, then incurved; cilia with a white line at base,

the tips fuscous and white. Hind wing whitish tinged with pale

red-brown and irrorated with brown, the apical area more suffused

with brown ; a diffused curved whitish postmedial line ; a terminal

series of slight dark spots; cilia white with dark lines near base

and tips. Underside white tinged with red-brown and irrorated

with dark brown; fore wing thickly irrorated except on inner

area, the costa with whitish points with dark brown between them

to the postmedial line ; a small blackish discoidal spot; hind wing

with small black discoidal spot and rather diffused blackish post-

medial line defined on outer side by whitish and excurved at

middle.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 2 type. Hap.

20mm. .

(129) Stemmatophora postaurantia, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish tinged with rufous, the last

irrorated with black on terminal half; antennz slightly ringed with

black. Fore wing whitish tinged with pale rufous and irrorated

with black; a patch of black irroration at base of costal area;

- antemedial line black, diffused, slightly excurved at submedian

fold; the medial part of costa black with white points on it; a

black discoidal spot; postmedial line black, diffused, slightly in-

curved at discal fold and angled inwards at submedian fold; a

patch of black irroration on costal area towards apex; a terminal

series of small black spots. Hind wing reddish orange with a

terminal series of small black spots. Underside of fore wing

orange-red, the costal and inner areas whitish tinged with olive-

brown, the costa with series of whitish points with some black

between them to the diffused black postmedial line, slightly

incurved at discal and submedian folds, a black discoidal spot;

hind wing orange-red, the costal and terminal areas irrorated with

a few blackish scales, an indistinct oblique postmedial line formed

by blackish scales.

Hab. Br. C. Arnica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 3, 1 & type.

Hxp.20 mn.

(18 a) Stemmatophora erebalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown largely mixed with black ;

tarsi pale. Fore wing reddish brown very thickly irrorated with

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraline. 81

black; a pale waved antemedial line; the medial area with series

of black and pale points on costa; a black discoidal spot; a pale

minutely waved postmedial line defined by black on inner side and

excurved at middle ; a terminal series of small black spots; cilia

reddish with dark lines at middle and tips. Hind wing fuscous

with indistinct blackish discoidal spot; a pale curved postmedial

line; a fine black terminal line; cilia pale with diffused dark line

through them.

Hab. Goup Coast, Ajinak (Dudgeon) 2 3,1 2 type; N. Nr-

GERIA, Minna (Macfie), 3 ¢,1 2, Zungeru (Macfie), Fe Oe.

Bida (Mactie),3 2 ; MasHonaLanD (Dobbie), EY. Rep} & 20;

(156) Stemmatophora fusilinealis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous suffused with rufous, the

terminal half of abdomen with black strongly mixed; fore legs

black-brown, the tarsi ringed with white; mid legs suffused with

black-brown, the tarsi whitish ringed with black. Fore wing

ochreous suffused with cupreous red and slightly irrorated with

black ; a diffused curved black antemedial line ; the medial part of

costa with series of white points with black between them; a small

black discoidal spot; a diffused black postmedial line, angled in-

wards at discal and submedian folds and with its outer edge

minutely dentate; traces of a waved subterminal line formed by

black scales; a terminal series of black striz; cilia with blackish

lines near base and tips. Hind wing ochreous suffused with

cupreous red ; an indistinct curved slightly waved dark postmedial

line; a terminal series of black striz ; cilia with blackish lines near

base and tips. Underside ochreous suffused with cupreous red ;

fore wing with series of whitish points with blackish between them

to the postmedial line, the other markings as above.

Hab. Br. C, Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Veave), 3 bd, 1 Q type.

Exp. 22 mm.

(5a) Herculia roseotincta, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with pinkish brown;

palpi and legs suffused with red-brown. Fore wing whitish suf-

fused with brownish pink and faintly irrorated with brownish, the

costal edge whiter; antemedial line white, angled outwards below

costa, then oblique; a slight brownish discoidal spot; postmedial

line white, oblique; a whitish line at base of cilia. Hind wing

white, the terminal half tinged with pink except towards tornus; a

faint white postmedial line slightly defined on inner side by pink;

a terminal series of pink points to submedian fold; the cilia tinged

with pink and with whitish line at base to submedian fold. Under-

side of fore wing rose-red, the inner area white, the costa with

series of white points with brown between them to the obliquely

curved white postmedial line; hind wing white, the costal area

suffused and irrorated with pink, a slight pinkish diseoidal point, a

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 6

82 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

eurved white postmedial line slightly defined on inner side by pink

from costa to submedian fold.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 2, Pretoria (Distant,

Janse),2 5,49 type. Hap. 22-24 mm.

(15a) Herculia plumbeoprunalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellowish suffused with purplish red; thorax

and abdomen greyish suffused with purplish red; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen purplish red. Fore wing reddish brown

with a leaden-grey gloss, the costal area yellow suffused with

purplish red; a slightly curved brown antemedial line defined on

inner side by yellowish; a series of yellow points on medial part

of costa with dark red-brown between them; a slight brown

discoidal striga; the postmedial line almost subterminal, with a

yellow bar from costa to vein 6, then a slight pale line excurved to

vein 2; cilia yellow, deep red at base and apex. Hind wing

reddish brown glossed with leaden grey; a faint pale curved post-

medial line; cilia yellow, deep red at base. Underside whitish

tinged with brown ; fore wing with the costal area yellow tinged

with red and with yellow points*on costa with brown between

them to the postmedial line; hind wing with curved brown post-

medial line.

Hab. W. Cotompta, R. Jiminez, 1 9, R. Dagua, 1 9 ; VENE-

ZUELA, Esteban Valley, Las Quiguas,2 9 ; Ecuapor, R. Pastaza,

Alpayacu (Palmer),1 3. Hap. 22-30 mm.

(226) Herculia perpulverea, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish ochreous irrorated with

dark brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen pale

red-brown. Fore wing brownish ochreous thickly irrorated with

dark brown; traces of a curved brownish antemedial line defined

on inner side by diffused ochreous; postmedial line indistinct,

brown defined on outer side by ochreous, strongly excurved; a fine

pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing brownish ochreous thickly

irrorated with dark brown ; a faint curved dark postmedial line; a

fine pale line at base of cilia. Underside ochreous whitish tinged

and irrorated with red-brown; both wings with faint curved brown

postmedial line.

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 2 type. Hap.

24 mm.

(246) Herculia griseobrunnea, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish brown mixed with grey ;

antenne whitish tinged with brown; mid tarsi and hind legs

whitish. Fore wing purplish brown irrorated with grey; ante-

medial line white, excurved to submedian fold; the medial part

of costa with white points with dark brown between them ; post-

medial line white, expanding at costa, then slightly waved and

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraline. 83

excurved at middle ; a fine white line at base of cilia followed by a

brown line. Hind wing whitish suffused and irrorated with purple-

brown; a curved white postmedial line; a fine white line at base

of cilia followed by a brown line. Underside white thickly irro-

rated with brown; fore wing with white points with dark brown

between them on costa to the postmedial line.

Hab. Transvaat, Groenvlei (Janse), 1 3, Merwe (Janse), 1 ¢

type, Pretoria (Janse), 1 3. Exp. 18 mn.

(25 a) Herculia purpureorufa, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with purple-red ;

hind legs whitish. Fore wing deep purplish red; a curved white

antemedial line expanding into a patch on costa; two white points

on medial part of costa; a white postmedial bar from costa to

vein 6, then a fine line excurved at middle and above inner margin

and incurved at submedian fold; a white line at base of cilia.

Hind wing deep purple-red irrorated with a few dark brown scales ;

an obliquely curved white antemedial line joined above inner margin

by a similar postmedial line and both slightly exeurved just below

submedian fold; a fine white line at base of cilia followed by a dark

brown line. Underside purple-red thickly irrorated with dark

brown; fore wing with white points on costa to the postmedial

line; hind wing with curved white postmedial line.

Hab. Mapras, Belgaum (Watson), 1 2 type. Exp. 20 mm.

(266) Herculia pyrerythra, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish red, the anal tuft

yellowish; legs irrorated with black. Fore wing deep purple-red

urorated with black, the medial area more thickly irrorated except

towards costa; a curved whitish antemedial line; the medial part

of costal area paler with slight white points with black between

them on the costa; postmedial line whitish, expanding at costa,

excurved at middle and above inner margin; cilia fuscous brown

with fine white line at base and diffused whitish line at middle.

Hind wing deep purple-red irrorated with black, the medial area

more thickly irrorated; an oblique white antemedial line and white -

postmedial line excurved at middle and above inner margin; cilia

fuscous brown with a fine white line at base and more diffused line

at middle. Underside purple-red thickly irrorated with black ;

fore wing with white points on costa to the postmedial line; hind

wing with the postmedial line defined on inner side by black.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Simpson), 1 3 type. Exp.

16 mm.

(26 c) Herculia lacteocilia, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with pale purplish

red, the last irrorated with a few dark scales; fore legs dark brown,

the tarsi ringed with whitish. Fore wing greyish tinged with

84 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

purplish red and irrorated with blackish, the terminal area suffused

with fuscous brown; traces of a pale curved antemedial line; the

medial part of costa with whitish points with black-brown between

them, and with the costal area whiter; postmedial line whitish,

oblique ; cilia black-brown at base, pale yellow at tips. Hind wing

purplish red irrorated with blackish; oblique slightly sinuous

whitish ante- and postmedial lines approximated at inner margin ;

cilia black-brown at base, pale yellow at tips. Underside whitish

suffused with purplish red and irrorated with black; fore wing

with white points on costa to the postmedial line; hind wing with

oblique white postmedial line.

Ab. 1. Hind wing brighter purplish red; cilia of both wings

pure white at tips.

Hab. Ucanpa, Toro, Mpanga Forest (Neave),1 3,1 2 type;

Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave),1d. Exp.,d 18, 2 20mm.

(82 6) Hereulia perrubralis, sp. n.

©. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish red; mid and hind

tarsi whitish. Fore wing deep purple-red; antemedial line black

defined ou inner side by whitish, rather oblique; some pale points

on medial part of costa with black between them; a small black

discoidal spot; postmedial line black defined on outer side by

whitish, rather oblique; a terminal series of blackish points and

fine whitish line at base of cilia. Hind wing deep purple-red; an

oblique blackish antemedial line and similar postmedial line defined

on outer side by whitish; a terminal series of slight dark points

and fine whitish line at base of cilia. Underside purplish red;

both wings with small black discoidal spots and oblique postmedial

line ; fore wing with whitish points on costa to the postmedial line ;

hind wing with the costal area irrorated with blackish.

Hab. 8S. Nigeria, Itu (Furquahar), 19 type. Hap. 28 mm.

(84a) Herculia castaneorufa, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen chestnut-red;° antenne whitish

tinged with red. Fore wing chestnut-red; traces of a whitish

antemedial line; the medial part of costa with yellow points with

dark brown between them; postmedial line yellow, slightly curved,

dilated at costa; cilia glossy fuscous brown. Hind wing chestnut-

red with a curved yellowish postmedial line; cilia glossy fuscous

brown. Underside yellowish tinged with red and irrorated with

brown ; fore wing with yellowish points with dark brown between

them on costa to beyond middle; hind wing with oblique dark

brown medial line.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates),2 6,12 type. EHuzp.,

‘go 24, 9 28 mm.

(346) Hereulia flavirufalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish tinged with red. Fore

“1

Pyralidze of the Subfamily Pyralince. 85

wing yellow tinged with fiery red and slightly irrorated with

brown; traces of a yellow antemedial line; the medial part of

costa with yellow points with black-brown between them; a yellow

postimedial line faintly defined on inner side by brown, slightly

excurved at middle; a terminal series of slight brown points; cilia

glossy fuscous brown with a fine yellow line at base. Hind wing

yellow suffused with fiery red; indistinct curved dark ante- and

postmedial lines defined by whitish, the former on inner side, the

latter on outer; cilia glossy fuscous brown. Underside yellow

tinged with red; fore wing with dark discoidal point and yellowish

points on costa with blackish between them to the dark postmedial

line defined on outer side by whitish; hind wing with faint curved

dark postmedial line.

Gee CameEnroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 15,1 2 type. Hap.

22 min.

(84¢) Herculia ecrhodalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax pale purplish red; abdomen whitish irro-

rated with purplish red; antennz whitish; pectus and legs red-

brown; abdomen whitish tinged with red-brown. Fore wing

whitish tinged with red and irrorated with purplish red, the

terminal area suffused with purplish red; traces of a whitsh ante-

medial line; the medial part of costa with whitish points with dark

brown between them; postmedial line whitish, slightly excurved at

middle. Hind wing whitish suffused with purple-red; a curved

whitish postmedial line; cilia with a whitish line at base. Under-

side whitish suffused with red-brown; fore wing with whitish

points with dark brown between them on costa to the faint pale

postmedial line; hind wing with curved whitish postmedial line.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 2 ¢ type. Hap.

18 mm.

(84d) Herculia echrunnealis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish tinged with red-brown,

the pectus and ventral surface of abdomen redder, the legs brownish

with the tarsi ringed with whitish. Fore wing greyish tinged

with olive-brown, the terminal area browner; traces of a whitish

antemedial line; the medial part of costa with whitish points with

dark brown between them; a small dark brown discoidal spot;

postmedial line indistinct, dark brown defined on outer side by

whitish, excurved at middle, a terminal series of black-brown points

and tine whitish line at base of cilia, @hich are grey-brown. Hind

wing greyish tinged with olive-brown, the terminal area browner ;

a curved brown postmedial line defined on outer side by whitish ;

a brown terminal line and fine white line at base of cilia, which

are grey-brown. Underside ochreous suifused with rufous and

irrorated with brown; fore wing with small blackish discoidal

spot and whitish points with blackish between them on costa to

the postmedial line; hind wing with dark discoidal point and

curved postmedial line.

Bore. Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 1 2 type: Exp.

18 nm.

(11) Triphassa trichotibialis, n. n.

Triphassa bilinea, Hmpsn. Moths Ind. iv. p. 166 (nec Moore).

Hab. CErYLon.

(1a) Saecada papuana, sp. nu.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey mixed with chocolate-

brown, the tegule mostly chocolate-brown; pectus in front and

the fringes of hair on fore legs more chocolate-red. Fore wing

grey irrorated with chocolate-brown, the basal area from costa to

vein 1 chocolate-brown with some fiery rufous in submedian inter-

space; antemedial line grey, oblique to submedian fold, then

inwardly oblique; a reddish-brown discoidal spot defined by grey ;

postmedial line grey, oblique below vein 4, a broad chocolate-brown

shade beyond it; cilia dark brown mixed with grey. Hind wing

purplish grey suffused with brown. Underside of fore wing

purplish red, the inner area grey, the postmedial line indistinct,

whitish ; hind wing purplish grey, the costal area suffused with red,

an indistinct curved whitish postmedial line ending at tornus.

Hab. Br. N. Guryea, Dinawa: (Pratt), 1 d, Ekeikei (Pratt),

1g type. Hap. 44-48 mm.

(3¢) Sacada erythropis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish pink mixed with red-

brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen chestnut-red.

Fore wing purplish pink slightly irrorated with brown; a large

elliptical crimson-red patch from below costa to above inner

margin before the strongly curved fuscous antemedial line; a

discoidal bar formed by fiery red and black-brown scales with a

_ pale striga in centre; a diffused obliquely curved rufous line beyond

the cell; postmedial line fuscous slightly defined on outer side by

whitish, rather oblique to vein 5, then inwardly oblique, a fiery

rufous shade beyond it and a chocolate-brown patch between veins

7 and 4; cilia black-brown mixed with red and with a fine whitish

line at base. Hind wing dark reddish brown to the indistinct

curved postmedial line, then purplish red irrorated with brown; a

fine whitish line at base of cilia. Underside of both wings dark

brown to the curved black-brown postmedial line defined on outer

side by white towards costa of fore wing, the terminal areas purple-

red.

Hab. S. NicErta, Dorin (Macfie), 1 2 type. Exp. 30 mm.

(5b) Sacada albioculals, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax greyish mixed with red-brown, the patagia

dark red-brown except at base; abdomen greyish suffused with

red-brown ; antennz red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraline. 87

of abdomen bright red-brown. Fore wing red-brown mixed with

greyish, the basal part of inner area and the medial area darker

greyish brown; a large fiery-red patch below the cell before the

antemedial line, which is white and strongly excurved from discal

fold to inner margin ; a white discoidal bar with its lower extremity

slightly angled outwards and a small black-brown spot on its lower

part; postmedial line white, rather oblique to vein 5, then inwardly

oblique and sinuous to inner margin, where it is approximated to

the antemedial line, some fiery red suffusion beyondit. Hind wing

whitish suffused with pale reddish ; a faint curved dark postmedial

line. Underside whitish suffused with pale reddish; fore wing

with faint dark postmedial line oblique and sinuous below vein 5;

hind wing with faint curved dark postmedial line.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the ante- and postmedial lines confluent

at vein 1 and not reaching inner margin.

Hab. Dutcu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 2 5 type. Ezp.

30 min.

(9a) Sacada nyasana, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen purple-brown; the hind tarsi

with the Ist joint whitish towards base and the other joints ringed

with whitish. Fore wing purple; a strongly curved fuscous ante-

medial line with a broad chocolate-brown shade before it; a deep

chocolate-brown discoidal spot with a whitish bar in centre, a

chocolate-brown shade beyond the cell, oblique below vein 4; post-

medial line fuscous slightly defined on outer side by grey, rather

oblique to vein 4, then inwardly oblique, the apical area beyond it

chocolate-brown, its lower edge running obliquely to termen at

vein 4, and a chocolate-brown shade beyond the postmedial line

from vein 4 to inner margin; cilia chocolate-brown. Hind wing

pale purple-brown. Underside purple; fore wing with fuscous

postmedial line defined on outer side by white towards costa and

oblique below vein 4; hind wing with fuscous postmedial line

excurved at middle.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 2 type. Hap.

42 mm.

(13) Sacada viridalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax dull apple-green ; abdomen grey suffused

with brown; antenne grey-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore wing dull

apple-green, the costal edge red-brown with a series of white points

on medial area; antemedial line red-brown, sinuous to median

nervure, where it is angled outwards, then oblique ; postmedial line

red-brown, incurved below costa, excurved to vein 4, then incurved

and very ‘slightly waved; cilia pale purplish brown with a fine

white line at base. Hind wing dull apple-green, the costal area

purple; an oblique purple-brown antemedial line and slightly

sinuous postmedial line; cilia pale purplish with a fine white line

88 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

at base followed by a dark line. Underside whitish suffused with

purple except on inner area; fore wing with the costa red-brown

with white points on it to the dark postmedial line, which is ex-

curved at middle, a dark discoidal point; hind wing with dark

discoidal point and curved postmedial line slightly waved to

vein 2.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 1 2 type. Eup.

30 min.

(2a) Paractenia pallidirubra, sp. n.

3g. Head and thorax whitish suffused with pale purplish red;

abdomen white. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale purplish

red, the costa rather darker ; a small blackish discoidal spot; post-

medial line indistinct, fone rather diffused on inner side and

minutely dentate on outer, slightly excurved to vein 2 and in-

eurved at submedian fold; a Serine series of slight blackish

spots. Hind wing white faintly tinged with red- brown ; ; a rather

punctiform red- brown terminal line. Underside white, the fore

wing and costal area of hind wing faintly tinged with red; fore

wing with slight dark discoidal spot and obliquely curved ‘post-

medial line; hind wing with faint discoidal point and postmedial

striga from costa.

Hab. BompBay, Deesa (Nurse), 1 3 type. Hxp. 24 mm.

(8a) Paractenia viridicostalis, sp. n.

Head yellowish white tinged with red; thorax olive-brown

mixed with black-brown Sie some whiti ish abdomen yellowish

white tinged with red, irrorated with black and dorsally banded

with black; antenne ringed with black; palpi red-brown, ochreous

in front; pectus ochreous i in front ; legs ochreous tinged with red

and irrorated with blackish. Fore w ing with the costal and

terminal areas olive-green slightly irrorated with blackish ; some

dark reddish-brown suffusion at base in and below the cell; a.broad,

obliquely curved, diffused dark reddish-brown fascia from near

termen below apex to inner margin near base, a dark brown dis-

coidal spot ; a rather lunulate white mark from costa before apex,

and broad oblique white postmedial band from vein 5 to inner

margin with a dentate brown subterminal line slightly defined on

outer side by white on its outer edge with a reddish shade beyond

it; a terminal series of small blackish spots; a fine whitish line at

base of cilia followed by small dark spots. Hind wing whitish

suffused with purplish red and slightly irrorated with brown; some

brown suffusion at base; a curved slightly sinuous brown post-

medial line defined on outer side by white except towards costa; a

terminal series of dark bars separated by white points from apex to

submedian fold ; cilia with a white line at base followed by a dark

line. Under side whitish suffused with red and irrorated with

brown ; fore wing with broad dark reddish-brown shade on costal

area extending to inner margin before middle, a lunulate whitish

= We

Pyralide of the Subfami’y Pyraline. 89

patch from costa towards apex and oblique waved brown sub-

terminal line defined on outer side by whitish; hind wing with

rather diffused curved slightly v waved dark eden postmedial line

defined on outer side by whitish.

Hab. Durcu N. Gurve EA, Snow Mts., Setakwa R. (Meek),

3d type. Exp. 26-28 mm.

(4a) Paractenia sanguitincta, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous mixed with some

purplish red ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen tinged

with red and irrorated with black. Fore wing yellowish irrorated

with purplish red, more thickly on basal costal area; an oblique

diffused purplish-red postmedial line, somewhat angled inwards at

submedian fold; a maculate deep red terminal line with some

blackish scales on it; cilia white at base, blackish mixed with

whitish at tips. Hind wing yellowish irrorated with purplish red

and blackish; a faint diffused curved reddish postmedial line; a

fine blackish terminal line; cilia white at base, blackish mixed

with whitish at tips. Underside yellow tinged with purplish red

and irrorated with black; both wings with indistinct diffused dark

postmedial line.

Hab. Gotp Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 2 type. Exp.

22 mm.

(5a) Paractenia phanerostola, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale glossy red-brown, the palpi

and fore legs rather deeper red-brown. raore wing pale glossy red-

brown, the costa rather deeper red-brown; a faint rather diffused

curved brown antemedial line; a faint bis postmedial line, ex-

curved to vein 4, then oblique. Hind wing pale glossy red-brown ;

a faint diffused oblique brown antemedial line and rather more

distinct curved postmedial line. Underside of fore wing whitish

suffused with red-brown; hind wing whitish tinged with red-

brown ; both wings with curved brown postmedial line.

Hab. Ecvapvor, R. Bobonaza, Canelos (Palmer), 1 Q type.

Exp. 34 mm.

(56) Paractenia castaneonigra, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen chestnut-red, the last dorsally

suffused with black; legs suffused with black, the tarsi black

ringed with chestnut. Fore wing chestnut-red, the base and the

whole wing beyond the antemedial line suffused with black-brown ;

antemedial line blackish, oblique to submedian fold, then angled

inwards at vein 1; the medial part of costa with reddish-ochreous

points ; postmedial line indistinct, ochreous, very slightly waved,

excurved at middle and angled inwards at submedian fold; cilia

blackish at base and with some ochreous scales at middle. Hind

wing glossy black-brown with a chestnut-red tinge; cilia black

at base, bright yellow at tips. Underside black-brown ; fore wing

90 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with the costal area chestnut-red to the postmedial line, the costal

edge black-brown with ochreous points on it, the postmedial line

yellow on costal area, then indistinct; hind wing with the costal

area and cell chestnut-red to the postmedial line, the inner area

whitish irrorated with black-brown, a yellowish postmedial line

slightly incurved in submedian interspace.

Hab, Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 13,29 type. Euxp.,

3 28, 2 36 mm.

(6a) Paractenia sichimensis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellow mixed with brick-red ; abdomen yellow

tinged with red and irrorated with brown; legs yellow irrorated

with dark brown. Fore wing yellow suffused with red and irro-

rated with brown, the medial area yellower with a nearly clear

yellow conical patch from costa before the postmedial line and

another patch below end of cell; antemedial line brown defined on

outer side by yellow, excurved to median nervure, then oblique ;

the medial part of costa dark brown with yellow points on it;

a small brown discoidal spot; postmedial line brown, diffused on

outer side, inwardly oblique and somewhat incurved below vein 5;

a terminal series of blackish points; a fine pale line at base of cilia

followed by a dark line. Hind wing yellowish white, the termen

slightly tinged with red and irrorated with brown; a terminal

series of blackish points and fine pale line at base of cilia followed

by a dark line. Underside yellow tinged with red and irrorated

with dark brown; fore wing with the costal area suffused with

brown, a small dark discoidal spot, yellower patch from costa .

beyond the cell, and diffused oblique dark postmedial line; hind

wing with slight brown discoidal spot and curved postmedial line.

Hab. Sixurm (Pilcher, Moller), 8 3,5 Q type. xp. 20-

24 mm. ;

(7 a) Bostra purpurealis, sp. n.

Head and thorax bright purple-red; abdomen pale purple-red

irrorated with brown; antenne white above; fore tibize white on

outer side, the tarsi white. Fore wing bright purple-red irrorated

with brown, the medial area tinged with fuscous, the costal edge

white except towards base; antemedial line fuscous, oblique to

submedian fold, then slightly incurved; pustmedial line fuscous

slightly defined on outer side by white and slightly meurved in

submedian interspace. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale

purple-red and fuscous brown ; a curved fuscous postmedial line

defined on outer side by whitish from costa to vein 1; cilia bright

‘purple-red. Underside grey with pale purplish-red streaks along

the veins; both wings with the costal area purple-red to beyond

middle and with fuscous postmedial line; fore wing with white

scales on the costa.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 3 5, 1 @ type;

PortucuEsE E. Arrica; Mt. Chiperone (Neave), 1 3. ap.

30-32 mm.

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraline. 91

(7 b) Bostra cenochroa, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale purplish red thickly irrorated

with fuscous ; antennz of male pale red. Fore wing pale purplish

red thickly irrorated with fuscous, the costal edge redder; ante-

medial line rather diffused, black, excurved below costa then

slightly incurved ; a small black discoidal spot; postmedial line

rather diffused, black faintly defined on outer side by whitish in

male, and slightly excurved. Hind wing uniform glossy grey-

brown with a purplish-red tinge. Underside greyish brown, the

costa of fore wing purplish red irrorated with dark brown; hind

wing with faint curved dark postmedial line.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 d, 2 G type;

TransvaaL, White R. (Cooke), 2 3. Exp. 26-80 mm.

(7h) Bostra pallidifrons, sp. n.

3S. Head white tinged with pale rufous; thorax and abdomen

grey-brown mixed with whitish; tibiz and tarsi whitish tinged

with brown. Fore wing dark brown mixed with grey-white ;

antemedial line diffused, whitish, oblique to median nervure and

slightly incurved in submedian interspace; the medial part of

costa with white points with black-brown between them; a small

blackish discoidal spot ; postmedial line diffused, whitish, incurved

below vein 4. Hind wing uniform grey-brown. Underside grey

suffused and irrorated with brown; fore wing with whitish points

on costa with black-brown between them except at base and apex.

Hab. Masnonatand, Enkeldoorn Distr. (Jliss LE. 8. Younge),

1 ¢ type. Kup. 14 mm.

(77) Bostra lignealis, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale brownish red; abdomen whitish tinged

with red and irrorated with blackish; legs whitish irrorated with

dark brown. Fore wing pale red-brown irrorated with blackish ;

antemedial line whitish defined on outer side by blackish, almost

straight; the medial part of costa with white points with some

black between them; a small black discoidal spot ; postmedial line

whitish defined on inner side by blackish, slightly excurved at

discal fold and below submedian fold; cilia with a white line

at base. Hind wing pale red-brown irrorated with blackish, an

oblique whitish antemedial line defined on outer side by blackish

and joined at inner margin by a slightly sinuous whitish post-

medial line defined on inner side by blackish; cilia with a white

line at base. Underside whitish suffused with red-brown and

irrorated with blackish; both wings with sinuous white postmedial

line; fore wing with blackish discoidal spot.

Hab. Br. KE. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 56, 1 Q type.

Eep. 20 mm.

92 , Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(9a) Bostra rusinalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax rufous with a few dark brown scales;

abdomen whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing rufous sparsely

irrorated with dark brown, the basal costal area suffused with

blackish; traces of a waved dark antemedial line; the medial part

of costa with whitish points with dark brown between them; a

small dark discoidal spot ; postmedial line indistinct, dark, slightly

excurved to vein 4 then slightly incurved. Hind wing whitish

tinged with rufous, the termen and bases of cilia rather deeper

rufous; the underside with the costal area suffused with rufous

and irrorated with dark brown.

Hab. Gotp Coast, Appan, 2 ¢ type. Hap. 22 mm,

(10a) Bostra pallidicolor, sp. n.

$. Head and thorax whitish tinged with pale red and irrorated

with a few dark brown scales; abdomen white faintly tinged with

red and slightly irrorated with brown; palpi and pectus in front

redder. Fore wing whitish tinged with purplish red and irrorated

with brown, the red rather deeper on basal costal area and forming

diffused streaks in discal and submedian folds; a very faint diffused

dark antemedial line angled outwards at suhmedian fold; a black

discoidal spot; postmedial line indistinct, dark, diffused, oblique

below vein 4; a terminal series of minute blackish spots. Hind

wing ochreous white ; a terminal series of slight brown points trom

apex to vein 2. Underside white; fore wing with the costal area

bright rufous with the costal edge white, then tinged with ochreous

and irrorated with brown except on inner area ; hind wing with the

costal area tinged with rufous and irrorated with brown, a blackish

spot at upper angle of cell.

Q@. Head and thorax greyish tinged with purplish red ; abdomen

whitish thickly irrorated with brown ; fore wing greyish uniformly

tinged with purplish red; hind wing suffused with pale reddish

brown; underside of fore wing suffused with brown except on

costal area, the hind wing tinged with brown and with curved

brown postmedial line from costa to submedian fold.

Hab. Transvaat, Pretoria (Distant, Janse), 1 3,1 Q type.

Exp., 5 30, 9 26 mm.

(10 c) Bostra dentilinealis, sp. n.

Head and thorax whitish tinged with red-brown and irrorated

with a few black-brown scales; abdomen suffused with fiery red

and irrorated with black. Fore wing whitish suffused with pale

red-brown, sometimes tinged with olive-green and irrorated with

black-brown ; an indistinct dentate blackish postmedial line some-

what ineurved at submedian fold; a terminal series of black striz ;

cilia with reddish-brown lines near base and at tips. Hind wing

whitish suffused with fiery red and slightly irrorated with brown ;

a curved dentate blackish postmedial line, rather diffused on inner

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraline. SP

side; a terminal series of black-brown bars; cilia with a red line

near base. Underside whitish suffused with red and irrorated with

dark brown; both wings with slight dark discoidal strie and

diffused curved dentate postmedial line.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 S, 3 Q type.

Exp. 24 mm.

(lla) Bostra pyrochroalis, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright fiery red; the antennz

blackish except at base; the frons and palpi whitish, the latter

black at tips. Fore wing bright fiery red slightly irrorated with

blackish, especially before the antemedial line and on terminal area;

antemedial line whitish, excurved below costa, then slightly

incurved ; postmedial line whitish, slightly excurved beyond the

cell, then slightly incurved, both the lines faintly defined by

fuscous. Hind wing bright fiery red slightly irrorated with

blackish, especially on apical area; faint oblique whitish ante- and

postmedial lines slightly defined by fuscous and somewhat approxi-

mated towards inner margin. Underside of both wings with

blackish discoidal point and curved white postmedial line; fore

wing with series of white points on costa to the postmedial line.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 1 ¢ type. Hap.

14 mm.

(10 b) Bostra flavalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow with a faint olive tinge ;

palpi fuscous below; tibize with the spurs fuscous at base. Fore ~

wing yellow with a faint olive tinge ; antemedial hne formed by

slight black striz defined on inner side by white, slightly sinuous ;

the medial part of costa with black and white points; a slight

blackish discoidal striga ; postmedial line formed by black scales

defined on outer side by white, slightly excurved below costa and

at middle and incurved at discal fold and below vein 3; a terminal

series of black striz; cilia with some blackish at tips. Hind wing

yellowish white tinged with fuscous brown ; a curved fuscous post-

medial line slightly defined on outer side by white; a terminal

series of blackish strize ; cilia with a slight brownish line near base.

Underside of fore wing suffused with brown except on inner area

- to the postmedial line ; hind wing irrorated with brown; a curved

dark postmedial line.

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman),2 $ type. Hxp.16 mm.

(19 ¢) Bostra phenicocraspis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-yellow, the last tinged with

crimson at extremity ; antenne whitish tinged with brown; fore

and mid tibiz and the hind tibie at extremity crimson, the fore

legs and ventral surface of abdomen except towards base irrorated

with brown. Fore wing olive-yellow irrorated with a few red-

brown scales ; a faint red-brown antemedial line, oblique to: sub-

94 Sir G. F. Hampson on Gan

median fold; the medial part of costa with whitish points with

blackish between them ; a slight brown discoidal striga ; postmedial

line slight, brown, somewhat oblique to vein 4 and slightly ex-

curved above inner margin; a terminal series of black bars; cilia

deep crimson at base, then paler crimson with the tips blackish to

vein 8. Hind wing olive-yellow; an obscure line formed by brown

- scales from lower angle of cell] to inner margin and a similar

slightly curved postmedial line; the terminal area irrorated with

a few brown scales; a terminal series of black strie; cilia deep

crimson at base, paler crimson at tips. Underside of fore wing

crimson irrorated with black except on costal area to the post-

medial line and below vein 3 to termen, the costa with series of

quadrate black spots to the postmedial line which is black, ex-

curved from below costa to vein 3, then erect, a black discoidal

point; hind wing suffused with crimson and irrorated with black

to the postmedial line and on apical area, the termen then narrowly

crimson, the postmedial line blackish, obliquely curved to vein 2,

then sinuous.

Hab, CamEroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 1 3,2 2 type. Exp.

22 mm.

(19e) Bostra phenicoxantha, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with dull

purplish red; antenne ringed with brown; fore legs crimson;

pectus, mid and hind legs, and ventral surface of abdomen. ochreous.

Fore wing brilliant crimson with a yellow medial band exeept on

costal area, defined on inner side by the faint curved crimson ante-

medial line and on outer by the similar postmedial line excurved at

middle; a blackish terminal line except towards tornus. Hind

wing brilliant crimson, with a broad yellow medial band defined

on inner side by the slight curved crimson antemedial line and on

outer by the similar postmedial line excurved at middle; a black

terminal line except towards tornus; cilia whitish at tips. Under-

side with the crimson paler and duller.

Hab. Br. C. Arnica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 2d type. Bap.

20 mm.

(21a) Bostra maculilinea, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with cupreous red and

irrorated with black, the abdomen suffused with black towards

extremity; antenne white ringed with black; fore tibie and the

tarsi black ringed with white. Fore wing cupreous red thickly

irrorated with black ; some white at base of inner margin; ante-

medial line white defined on outer side by rather diffused black,

slightly waved; the medial part of costa with white points with

blackish between them; postmedial line white defined on inner

side by diffused black and forming a small white spot at discal

fold and larger spot in submedian interspace, slightly waved, ex-

curved at middle and incurved in submedian interspace; a black

terminal line; cilia white with blackish lines at base and middle

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraline. 95

and at tips. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown and irro-

rated with fuscous; a curved slightly sinuous white postmedial

line; a black terminal line; cilia white mixed with fuscous and

with black line near base. Underside of fore wing whitish suffused

with fuscous, the costal area chestnut-red to the white postmedial

line, the costal edge fuscous with white points ; hind wing white

tinged with red and irrorated with fuscous, a white postmedial line

defined on inner side by black, slightly incurved at discal fold, then

excurved.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the antemedial line obsolescent towards

costa, the postmedial line obsolescent at middle.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 8 3, 4 Q type.

Exp. 14-18 mm.

(216) Bostra ignirubralis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen fiery red, the last slightly

nrorated with blackish; antenne whitish tinged with red; palpi

and legs deeper red with some blackish mixed, the mid and hind

tarsi whitish tinged with red. Fore wing fiery red; antemedial

line brown defined on inner side by whitish, very slightly curved ;

a slight blackish discoidal spot; the medial part of costa with

slight white points with black between them; postmedial line

fuscous brown defined on outer side ‘by whftish, very slightly

curved and slightly incurved at submedian fold; cilia with some

fuscous mixed. Hind wing fiery red; an oblique dark antemedial

line defined on inner side by whitish, met above inner margin by a

curved dark postmedial line defined on outer side by whitish ; cilia

with some fuscous mixed. Underside paler red irrorated with

fuscous brown; fore wing with the inner area whitish, the costal

edge dark brown with white points to the indistinct dark post-

medial line, a slight dark discoidal spot; hind wing with faint

eurved dark postmedial line. ss

Hab. Cayton (Mackwood), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 32 mm.

(5) Zitha fulviceps, sp. n.

Head fulvous yellow, the antenne dark brown ringed with

whitish, the palpi suffused with brown except above; thorax dark

brown ; abdomen, pectus, and legs yellowish suffused with brown.

Fore wing glossy fuscous brown; an indistinct blackish discoidal

spot; postmedial line indistinct, blackish, exeurved below costa

and slightly incurved below vein 4. Hind wing glossy fuscous.

brown. Underside fuscous brown; both wings with indistinct

curved dark postmedial line.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 2 3,1 9 type ;

Portuguese E. Arrica, Mt. Chiperone (Neave), 1 3. Exp.

16 mm.

Genus PHRYGANOMIMA, nov.

Type, Phryganodes noctifer, Dogn.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching

96 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

to middle of frons, moderately scaled, the 38rd moderate; maxillary

palpi triangularly dilated with scales; antenne of male laminate.

Fore wing with the median nervure strongly downcurved towards

end of cell, the discocellulars strongly excurved; vein 3 from

before angle of cell; 5 from above angle; 6 from upper angle;

7, 8, 9 stalked from before angle; 10,11 from cell. Hind wing

with the cell short; veins 3 and 5 from near angle; 6, 7 from

upper angle, 7 not anastomosing with 8.

Genus LoryMODES, nov.

Type, Pyralis diagonalis, Hmpsn.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint tufted

with scales produced to a point in front at extremity, the 3rd long

and acuminate; maxillary palpi slightly dilated with scales, antenne

of male with fasciculate cilia, the basal joint long. Fore wing

with vein 3 from close to angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6 from upper

angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10,11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 3

from close to angle of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle,

7 not anastomosing with 8.

(2) Lorymodes stenopteralis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with red-brown ;

antennz fuscous except towards base. Fore wing very narrow;

whitish suffused with red-brown; a slight brown antemedial mark

in submedian fold; the medial part of costa with slight brown

points; antemedial line slight, black defined on inner side by

whitish, very oblique from costa to the postmedial line at vein 2,

then inwardly oblique to inner margin, defining on inner side the

postmedial line, which is rather diffused black-brown defined on

outer side by whitish, very oblique and slightly curved from costa

near apex to gabmedian fold, then still more oblique to middle of

inner margin; a fine brown terminal line; cilia whitish. Hind

wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing white, tinged with

brown on costal half.

Hab. Gambia, 1 do; N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type.

Hep. 16 mm.

Genus DATTINIA.

Type.

Dattinia, Rag. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1887, p. cxxxvil ................46 syrtalis.

Constantia, Rag. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1887, p. exxxvii (nec Adams,

IMFO IIE BIB GO) marie etree ean aerate nica? he co aint nee aene leonalis.

Buliana, Navas, Bol. Soc. Aragon, x. p. 64 (1913) .................. leonalis,

(4e) Dattinia eumictalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax yellowish white mixed with rufous, red-

brown, and dark brown; abdomen white suffused with red-brown ;

antennze white ringed with dark brown; legs white irrorated with

brown. Fore wing yellowish white very thickly irrorated with

rufous and red-brown and with a few dark brown scales; a whitish

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraline. 97

subbasal spot below the cell; antemedial line strong, white, rather

oblique to submedian fold and incurved at vein 1; a white spot in

end of cell before the blackish-brown discoidal bar; postmedial

line black-brown defined on outer side by whitish, incurved below

costa, angled outwards at veins 6, 5, 4, then retracted and almost

obsolete to below end of cell, then erect, sinuous and more dis-

tinctly detined on outer side by white; a terminal series of faint

brown spots; cilia chequered red-brown and white. Hind wing

white tinged and irrorated with red-brown; a terminal series of

slight brown strie; cilia whiter. Underside silvery white, the

fore wing except on inner area and the costal area of hind wing

urorated with red-brown.

Hab. Supan, Port Sudan (Waterfield), 1 Q type. Exp.

32 mm. ; 5

Genus ANOBOSTRA, nov.

Type, A. discimacula.

Proboscis present; palpi with the 2nd joint porrect, typically

projecting about the length of head, the scaling at extremity below

produced to a point, the 8rd obliquely upturned, moderate ;

maxillary palpi dilated with scales; antenne of male thickened

and with long fasciculate cilia, the basal joint with tuft of scales.

Fore wing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 typically stalked ;

6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 from cell. Hind wing

with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 typically stalked; 6,7 from

upper angle, 7 not anastomosing with 8.

(1) Anobostra discimacula, sp. n.

Palpi with the 2nd joint projecting about the length of head ;

both wings with veins 4, 5 stalked.

Head and thorax purplish red; abdomen grey suffused with

brown ; antennze dark brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen pale red irrorated with brown. Fore wing purplish red,

irrorated with blackish, the medial area slightly irrorated ; ante-

medial line blackish defined on inner side by pale red, oblique to

submedian fold, where it is angled outwards; a series of small

blackish spots on medial part of costa ; a large black discoidal spot ;

postmedial line rather diffused, black defined on outer side by pale

red, excurved below vein 7 and at middle and incurved at discal

fold and below vein 3, a series of slight blackish streaks beyond it

on the veins; a terminal series of minute black spots. Hind wing

erey suffused with brown; a whitish line at middle of cilia.

Underside grey suffused with brown; fore wing with the costa

pale reddish with numerous brown striz.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 2 5 type; Porrv-

GuESE EK. Arrica, Mt. Chiperone (Weave), 1 9; Masnonananp,

Umtali (Marshall), 1 9. Kzxp., 3 18-20, 2 22-26 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. Z

98 Sir G. Ff. Uampson on new

(3) Anobostra albilinealis, sp. n.

Palpi with the 2nd joint projecting about twice the length of

head; both wings with veins 4, 5 from the cell.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown. Fore wing

chocolate red-brown with the basal area pale red-brown except

towards costa; antemedial line white, rather oblique to median

nervure ; a series of minute white spots on medial part of costa ;

postmedial line white, excurved to vein 3, then incurved; cilia

greyish brown with a fine whitish line at base. Hind wing pale

red-brown mixed with some whitish, the base whiter; a curved

whitish postmedial line; cilia greyer brown with a fine pale line at

base. Underside red-brown mixed with whitish; fore wing with

series of small white spots on costa to the postmedial line, the

postmedial line of both wings slightly waved.

Hab. Asysstnta, Dirre Dawa (Drake-Brockman), 1 2 type.

Exp. 30 mm.

(4) Anobostra punctilinealis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax deep purple-red mixed with black ;

abdomen greyish tinged with purple-red and thickly irrorated with

black; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen purplish red

mixed with black, the fore tibiz and the tarsi brownish white.

Fore wing deep purple-red irrorated with black ; antemedial line

indistinct, blackish, oblique to just below the cell, where it is

angled outwards, then inwardly oblique and defined on inner side

by white; the medial part of costa with series of white points ;

postmedial line indistinct, blackish defined on outer side by white

scales and by small spots at discal and submedian folds, minutely

dentate, incurved below vein 4; cilia with a fine whitish line at

base. Hind wing grey tinged with purplish red and suffused and

irrorated with brown, the termen and cilia redder; a faint curved

dark postmedial line. Underside dull purplish red irrorated with

fuscous brown; fore wing suffused with fuscous brown to the post-

medial line except on costal area, a series of white points on basal

half of costa; the postmedial line blackish with a slight white mark

at costa; hind wing with rather diffused minutely dentate blackish

postmedial line.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 3 2 type. LHuxp.

28 mm.

(5) Anobostra radialis, sp. n.

Q. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with ochreous. Fore

wing greyish suffused with red-brown, especially on basal half and

beyond lower angle of cell ; antemedial line whitish defined by dark

brown on outer side, angled outwards below costa, then obliquely

curved and with some black scales before and beyond it at inner

margin; some dark rufous suffusion in and below middle of cell ; °

veins 2 to 6 streaked with whitish and defined on each side by

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyralinz. 99

slight dark brown streaks to the postmedial line which is very near

termen, white defined by dark brown on inner side, excurved between

veins 6 and 3, then oblique and slightly sinuous; a fine brown

terminal line; cilia whitish with grey medial band and line near

tips. Hind wing yellowish white slightly tinged with rufous

especially towards termen; an indistinct curved whitish sub-

terminal line incurved at vein 2; cilia whitish with a slight brown

line near base; the underside with the subterminal line more

distinct and defined by brown on inner side.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Taveta (K. St. A. Rogers), 2 2 type;

Uaanpa, Gondokoro (Reynes-Coles), 19. Lup. 30-34 mm.

(1b) Tyndis medio-pallens, sp. n.

Head and tegulw pale reddish, the thorax pale reddish mixed

with dark brown; abdomen grey suffused with black-brown, the

base whitish, the anal tuft rufous; antennz and palpi irrorated

with dark brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

whitish tinged with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown. Fore

wing whitish tinged with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown,

the medial area much paler except at costa, the basal costal area

and a broad shade beyond the postmedial line darker; antemedial

line rather diffused “dark brown, slightly curved; the medial part

of costa with minute greyish spots; a black striga on upper disco-

cellular ; postmedial line dark brown slightly defined on outer side

by whitish towards costa, very oblique and straight; a terminal

series of blackish points except towards costa and fine whitish line

at base of cilia. Hind wing creamy white slightly irrorated with

brown, the terminal area more thickly irrorated; traces of a brown

antemedial line from cell to inner margin; a curved brown posts

medial line; a brown terminal line and white line at base of cilia.

Underside whitish tinged with red-brown and thickly irrorated

with dark brown; both wings with small dark discoidal spot and

oblique postmedial line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Betton), 1 g, Kikayu, Fort

Smith (Crawshay), 1 3 type, Eb Urru (Betton), 1 3, Nakuru

(Bodeker), 1 3,1 9; Germ. EH. Arrica, Kilimandjaro (Sjéstedt), -

1d. xp. 26 mm,

(le) Tyndis pallidirufa, sp. n,

Head and thorax whitish suffused with rufous; abdomen

whitish tinged with rufous and irrorated with black, a blackish

band on third segment; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen rufous irrorated with brown. Fore wing whitish suffused

with rufous and irrorated with dark brown except on medial area ;

a rather diffused erect black almost medial line from subcostal

nervure to inner margin and a similar oblique postmedial line from

below costa to inner margin; a terminal series of minute black

spots; cilia with blackish lines near base and tips. Hind wing

100 Mr. W. L. Distant on the

whitish suffused with reddish brown; an oblique dark postmedial

shade; a dark terminal line; cilia whitish with dark lines near

base and tips. Underside creamy white tinged with rufous and

irrorated with brown; fore wing with dark discoidal point and

suffused oblique postmedial line from below costa to inner margin ;

hind wing with diffused oblique black postmedial line; both wings

with terminal series of minute black ue

Hab. Sierra Leone (Clements), 13,1 9 type. Exp., gd 20,

Q 22 mm.

(6) Tyndis pyrrhoxantha, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax yellow suffused with brilliant fiery red ;

abdomen yellowish tinged with fiery red and irrorated with fuscous;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen yellow tinged aie

red. Hons wing orange-yellow suffused with fiery red a 1rro-

rated with black ; traces of a yellow antemedial line, oblique to

submedian fold and incurved at vein 1; postmedial line rather

diffused yellow, excurved at middle and hpennved at submedian

fold. Hind wing yellow, the inner and terminal areas faintly

tinged with red and the latter irrorated with blackish. Underside

orange-yellow ; fore wing with minute dark discoidal point, the

anal area tinged aia red and irrorated with black; hind wing

with the apex tinged with red and irrorated with black.

Hab. Gown Coast, Bibianaha (Spwrrell), 1 2 type. Hap.

22 mm.

V.—The Homoptera of Indo-China.

By W. L. Distant.

Fam. Cicadide.

For some time Mon. R. Vitalis de Salvaza has sent me

collections of Homoptera from this very interesting region,

and I believe he intends at some future date to publish an

illustrated work on the insect fauna of Indo-China. The

Homoptera already received are from the frontier of Laos,

East Annam, and from Lao Kay and Chapa in Tovkin. In

this contribution I give a rough list of the species already

received, which number fifty-five, belonging to the family

Cicadidz alone. Examples of all these, including types and

uniques, are placed in the collection of the British Museum,

which, as regards this family, is now by far the largest and

most complete i in the world.

T also add the descriptions of six new species.

Homoptera of Indo-China.

101

List of Species already received.

nigrosignata, Dist.

Tosena melanoptera, White.

Rihana bimaculata, Oliv.

Cryptotympana mandarina, Dist.

holsti, Dist.

Inthaxvara rex, Dist.

Salvazana mirabilis, Dist.

Leptopsaltria phra, Vist.

Dundubia mannifera, Linn,

var. terpsichore, Walk.

Cosmopsaltria fratercula, Dist.

vopaga, Dist-

andersont, Dist.

—— tonkiniana, Jac.

Haphsa nana, Dist.

Platylomia nagarasingna, Dist.

operculata, Dist.

radha, Dist.

Meimiuna nicrodon, Walk.

subviridissima, Dist.

—— rava, Dist.

Pomponia intermedia, Dist.

Fusca, Oliv.

lactea, Dist.

Aola scitula, Dist.

bindusara, Dist.

Terpnosia crowfooti, Dist.

Platypleura badia, Dist. |

Terpnosia posidonia, Jac.

madhava, Dist.

chapana, Dist.

ransonneti, Dist.

rustica, Dist.

mesonotalis, Dist,

clio, Walk.

maw, Dist.

Caleagninus sulvazanus, Dist.

Geana vitalist, Dist.

maculata, Dru.

annamensis, Dist.

sultana, Dist.

pavict, Noualh,

Balinta pulchella, Dist.

delinenda, Vist.

Talainga binghami, Dist.

distantt, Jac.

Mogannia cyanea, Walk.

hebes, Walk.

cesar, Jac,

conica, Germ.

indigotea, Dist.

Huechys sanguinea, De Geer.

tonkinensis, list.

Scieroptera splendidula, Fabr.

Lemuriana apicalis, Germ,

HT |

Terpnosia rustica, sp. n.

Head, pro- and mesonotum pale olivaceous green ;

head

with two spots at apex of front and a lateral spot near

base of antenne, two curved central lines on vertex, and a

spot above margins of eyes aud two small spots between

central fasciz and eyes black ; pronotum with two central

longitudinal fascia which are angulated anteriorly and

posteriorly, the furrow behind eyes, and the lateral margins

black ; mesonotum with central obconical lines which are

centrally, posteriorly prolonged, a sublateral line on each

side, and a spot near each anterior angle of the basal

Peleg elevation black; abdomen above and beneath

ochraceous, with the basal margin and apical area black,

the basal segments above are also centrally spotted with

black ; legs and opercula pale olivaceous-green, the latter

with black lateral margins, the tarsi ochraceous and apically

black ; tegmina and wings subhyaline, the first with the

veins ‘blackish, the transverse veins at the bases of first,

second, and third apical areas with pale brown suffusions

aud some obscure spots of the same colour on the longi-

102 Mr. W. L. Distant on the

tudinal veins to apical areas, costal and post-costal mem-

branes ochraceous ; wing-venation blackish; opercula in

female short and. transverse, subconically oblique, not

extending beyond base of abdomen ; face conically produced

and somewhat strongly laterally striate; base of head at

region of ocelli suleate ; pronotum centrally longitudinally

sulcate ; tympanal coverings both narrower and shorter than

tympanal cavities.

Long., excl. tegm., @, 15 mm.; exp. tegm. 49 mm.

Hab. Tonkin; Chapa (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

This species may be placed near 7. ransonneti, Dist.

Terpnosia chapana, sp. n.

3d. Head, pronotum, mesonotum, face, sternum, legs,

and opercula olivaceous green ; abdomen above and beneath

pale testaceous, the abdominal margins a little darker, and

the apical abdominal area black; lineate markings to

anterior margin of front, a transverse spot near insertion

of autenne, and a suffusion at the region of the ocelli black ;

pronotum with two central longitudinal linear fascie, nar-

rowed: and united at base, the furrows, two spots on each

lateral area, and the extreme basal margin black ; meso-

notum with the margins of two anterior obconical spots,

followed on each side of anterior margin by a small angulate

spot and again by a submarginal longitudinal fascia, a

central longitudinal spot reaching middle of cruciform

elevation and a spot before each anterior angle of same,

black ; tegmina and wings subhyaline, the venation black

or blackish, tegmina with the costal membrane and post-

costal area ochraceous, the transverse veins at the bases of

the second, third, and fifth apical areas, and the apices of the

longitudinal veins to the apical areas spotted with fuscous ;

tympanal coverings well developed, but shorter and narrower

than tympanal cavities ; face centrally sulcate and strongly

transversely striate, vertex between the ocelli sulcate ;

opereula subtruncately oblique, scarcely passing the base of

abdomen ; greatest width of tegmina about one-third

of length.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 18 mm.; exp. tegm. 55 mm.

Hab. Tonkin, Chapa (R. Vitalis de. Salwaza).

The nearest allied species is 7. postdonia, Jac.

Terpnosia mesonotalis, sp. 0.

3. Head, pronotum, abdomen above and_ beneath,

sternum and legs ochraceous, the upper surface of the

Homoptera of Indo-China. 103

abdomen moderately rufescent ; mesonotum uniformly pale

ochraceous; pronotum with the sublateral furrow marked

with black ; the mesonotal cruciform elevation dark tes-

taceous ; opereula pale ochraceous ; tegmina and wings

subhyaline, the veins fuscous; tegmina with the costal

membrane and post-costal area dull ochraceous with dark

linear markings, extreme basal angle of upper ulnar area

dark fuscous; vertex of head sulcate between the ocelli;

sublateral furrows to pronotum very profound; face with

very strong transverse ridges; tympanal coverings small,

very much shorter and a little narrower than tympanal

cavities ; opercula short and broad, not quite reaching base

of abdomen. .

Long., excl. tegm., as 17 mm.; exp. tegm. 45 mm.

Hab. Toukin; Chapa (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

To be placed near T. madhava, Dist.

Calcagninus salvazanus, sp. v.

3. Body and legs ochraceous, mesonotum a little paler,

sometimes blackish markings at base of abdomen beneath ;

tegmina and wings subhyaline, the venation fuscous brown,

tegmina with the whole of the costal and subcostal areas

ochraceous ; tympanal coverings imperfect ; abdomen tuber-

culate beneath on second and third abdominal segments ;

head about as Jong as half the width between eyes ; wings

with six apical areas; mesonotum sometimes with indi-

cations of two dark lateral longitudinal fasciz ; opercula

wide apart, transverse, not passing basal abdominal segment,

apical margins roundly truncate; face with the lateral

striations distinct, but not profound; vertex of head

narrowly longitudinally suleate between the ocelli.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 15 mm. ; exp. tegm. 45 mm.

Hab. Tonkin ; “Chapa (Rk. Vitalis de Salvaz 2a).

Mogannia indigotea, sp. 0.

Body and legs very dark indigo-blue ; tegmina and wings

hyaline, the venation dark pcleacedusls ; tegmina with about

basal half flavescent, outwardly margined ‘with a transverse

fuscous fascia and an oblique macular fascia directed

inwardly and the basal cell of the same colour, costal

membrane dark ochraceous; base of wings narrowly dark

ochraceous. Front of head longly hirsute and longly

depressed, between the ocelli longitudinally sulcate ; pro-

notum with the furrows profound ; rostriim reaching the

intermediate coxe.

104 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Long., excl. tegm., 14-17 mm. ; exp. tegm. 31-40 mm.

Hab. Tonkin; Cliapa (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). N. China

(Brit. Mus.). Philippine Is.; Malinao, Tayabas (C. T.

Baker).

A somewhat variable species, allied to M. effecta, Dist.

In some specimens the basal cell of tegmina is ochraceous,

in others the inner and outer dark fasciz of the basal area

are fused.

Huechys tonkinensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; vertex of head

with almost anterior half, the ocelli and av angulated spot

behind them, pronotum with a central, broad, longitudinal

fascia which is strongly, medially, angularly compressed,

mesonotum with the lateral margins and a medial, longi-

tudinal, anteriorly strongly attenuated fascia sanguineous ;

face black, apically sanguineous; sternum, opercula in

male, body beneath and above sanguineous; legs black ;

tegmina dark brownish, the venation darker; wings sub-

hyaline, the venation dark brownish; head with the face

strongly, centrally, longitudinally sulcate for about two-thirds

its length, the transverse lateral striations very coarse ;

head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum ;

head about as long as pronotum; mesonotum (including

cruciform elevation) longer than pronotum; tegmina with

eight apical areas; opercula in male not passing base of

abdomen, well separated, but inwardly obliquely directed ;

their apices roundly truncate.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢,18 mm.; exp. tegm. 40 mm.

Hab, Tonkin; Chapa (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to H. chryselectra, Dist., from Borneo.

VI.— Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.— XXV. On new

Sphecoidea in the British Museum. By Row uanp E,

*'TurNER, F,Z.S., F.E.S,

Subfamily Parcayrurs.

Cerceris armigera, 8p, 0.

©. Nigra; clypeo, mandibulis basi, scapo, fronte sub antennis,

segmento dorsali secundo macula basali utrinque, segmentisque

quarto quintoque fascia apicali emarginata flavis; vertice macula

utrinque pone oculos, pronoto macula utrinque, tegulis, femoribus

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 105

anticis, femoribus intermediis apice, tibiis tarsisque anticis inter-

mediisque brunneo-ferrugineis; segmentis dorsalibus secundo,

quarto, quintoque omnino, tertioque apice ferrugineis; alis

hyalinis, venis nigris clypeo brevissimo, subporrecto, apice

latissime emarginato, raat apicalibus dente valido armato;

mesopleuris haud dentatis ; segmento mediano area basali sub-

opaca, delicatissime punctata, segmento ventrali secundo area

basali elevata nulla.

Long. 8 mm.

¢. Coarsely and closely punctured ; head very broad, the

eyes distinctly divergent towards the clypeus; cheeks nearly

as broad as the eyes. Antennee inserted rather low down,

nearly three times as far from the anterior ocellus as from

the base of the clypeus, second joint of the flagellum a little

longer than the third. First abdominal segment distinctly

broader than long ; pygidial area coarsely but rather sparsely

punctured, elongate-ovate, rather broadly truncate at the apex.

Abdominal segments very strongly constricted, the ventral

surface almost smooth. First recurrent nervure received a

little before the middle of the second cubital cell, second

close to the base of the third cubital cell.

Hab. 5S. Queensland, Darra near Brisbane (Hacker) ; De-

cember.

The shape of the clypeus is remarkable and quite different

from any other Australian species.

Cerceris unispinosa, sp. 0.

@. Nigra; mandibulis basi, clypeo, fronte usque ad antennarum

basin, seapo, genis late, vertice macula obliqua utrinque, pronoto

fascia utrinque, tegulis, scutello macula transversa utrinque,

postscutello, segmento dorsali secundo macula transversa basali,

tertio fasaa apicali antice late emarginata, quarto fascia an-

eusta apicali, quinto fere omnino, segmentis ventralibus tertio

quintoque lateribus, femoribus anticis intermediisque subtus,

tibiis tarsisque anticis intermediisque flavis; segmento dorsali

secundo dimidio basali, segmentis ventralibus secundo fere toto,

tertio in medio, femoribus anticis intermediisque supra, pedibus-

que posticis ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, apice et cellula radiali

infumatis, venis nigris ; cly peo plano, apice subemarginato, mar-

gine apicali in medio dente nigro parvo armato ; mesopleuris

haud tuberculatis ; segmento mediano area basali subopaea, i im-

punctata ; segmento ventrali secundo area basali elevata nulla.

Long. 9 mm.

?. Strongly and closely punctured; head very broad,

eyes distinctly divergent towards the clypeus, antennee

inserted about twice as far from the anterior ocellus as from

106 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

the base of the clypeus; cheeks very broad, much broader

than the eyes ; first abdominal segment a little longer than

the greatest breadth ; pygidial area rugulose, elongate-ovate,

rather narrowly truncate at the apex ; second ventral segment

almost smooth, the other ventral segments sparsely and

shallowly punctured.

Hab. S. Queensland, Darra near Brisbane (Hacker) ; De-

cem ber,

Not very near to any other Australian species.

Subfamily Nyssonzvz.

Nysson (Acanthostethus) brisbanensis, Turn.

Nysson (Acanthostethus) brisbanensis, Turn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

xy. p. 81 (1915). 9.

3g. The male has the ventral segments bare, without a

fringe of hairs; ventral segments 3-6 with a small but

distinct spine on each side at the apical angles; seventh

dorsal segment widely and rather shallowly emarginate at

the apex, the angles produced into short blunt spines.

Hab, Brisbane (Hacker) ; February.

Differs from nudiventris, Turn., to which species the female

is most nearly allied, in the shape of the seventh dorsal seg-

ment, which only has two spines (one at each apical angle),

also in the presence of a short spine at the apical angles of

the sixth ventral segment. The only specimen sent is very

small, measuring only 4 mm. in length.

Subfamily Crazronrv2z.

Encopognathus brownet, sp. n.

9. Nigra, ubique dense rugose punctata; scapo, callis humerali-

bus, postscutello, femoribus apice extremo, tibiis tarsisque pallide

flavis; tibiis intermediis posticisque infra fuscis; alis hyalinis,

iridescentibus, venis fuscis, stigmate testaceo.

Long. 5 mm.

2. Mandibles excised on the outer margin, acute at the

apex. Clypeus subcarinate longitudinally, produced into

two porrect teeth at the apex, with a smaller tooth on each

side near the apical angles. Eyes not hairy, the facets in

front larger than elsewhere, separated from each other at the

base of the clypeus by a distance equal to about half the

length of the scape; frontal groove smooth and shining.

Posterior ocelli a little nearer to the eyes than to each other,

the ocellar region and the vertex coarsely punctured-rugose,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 107

an oblique groove from the eyes to the posterior ocelli ; the

hind margin of the head slightly raised, subcarinate. Pro-

notum transverse, the anterior margin raised and sharply

pointed at the angles ; thorax very coarsely punctured, the

mesopleuree coarsely rugose. Median segment short ; witha

distinct enclosed basal area, which is very finely rugulose,

with five strong longitudinal carine ; the posterior slope

rather indistinctly transversely striated; the sides of the

segment very finely and closely punctured. Abdomen

smooth and shining beneath, the three basal dorsal segments

coarsely punctured, the three apical segments closely and

finely punctured. Recurrent nervure received before the

middle of the cubital cell; transverse cubital nervure received

just beyond the middle of the radial cell.

Hab. British East Africa, T'ana River, 3000 ft., near

Mt. Kenia (G. Orde Browne) ; November.

This is distinct both in colouring and in structural details

from E. brauer?, Kohil., also in the sculpture of the abdomen.

Rhopalum tuberculicorne, sp. n.

6. Niger; scapo, tuberculis humeralibus, pedibus anticis, pedibus

intermediis tarsis infuscatis, coxisque posticis apice flavis ; fla-

gello fusco subtus ferrugineo ; segmentis dorsalibus 5-7, ventrali-

bus 2-7, tibiis posticis tegulisque pallide ferrugineis; alis

hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris, cellula radiali infuscata,

Long. 4 mm.

3g. Clypeus without a carina, clothed with silver pubes-

cence, the apical margin almost transverse. Mandibles

blunt at the apex, not bidentate. Second joint of the fla-

gellum longer than the third, emarginate at the base beneath

and produced into a stout tubercle at the apex beneath.

Head smooth and shining; the eyes separated at the base

of the clypeus by a distance slightly exceeding the length of

the scape, strongly divergent towards the vertex ; posterior

ocelli as far from the eyes as from each other, and also as far

from the hind margin of the head as from each other, a short

longitudinal sulcus between them. Pronotum short, a minute

spine at the anterior angles. Thorax shining, microscopically

punctured ; median segment smooth and shining. First

abdominal segment scarcely longer than the second, mode-

rately swollen at the apex, second segment broadened from

the base, third segment broader than long. Hind tibiee

broad, with a few small spines on the outer margin. Re-

current nervure received just before two-thirds from the base

of the cubital cell; radial cell broadly truncate at the apex,

108 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortial Hymenoptera.

the costal margin shorter than the stigma, the transverse

cubital nervure received a little beyond one-quarter from the

base of the cell.

Hab. 8S. Queensland, Caloundra (Hacker) ; January.

Nearly related to A. tenuiventris, Turn., but the abdomen

is more slender in that species, the third segment being wuch

longer than broad; in tenuéventris g the scape has a small

spine at the apex, the second joint of the flagellum is rather

more strongly emarginate beneath, and the third joint is also

strongly emarginate beneath and subtuberculate at the apex.

The epicnemial area is defined in both species. In most

Australian species of Rhopalum the male antennee are not

strongly differentiated, but in L. alicia, Vurn., and 2. lepto-

spermi, ‘Lurn., the third jolt of the ‘flagellum is strongly

emarginate beneath and subtuberculate at the apex.

Rhopalum testaceum, sp. n.

Q. Testacea; capite mesonotoque nigris; mandibulis, apice ex-

cepto, clypeoque flavis; antennis testaceis ; alis hyalinis, irides-

centibus, venis fuscis.

Long. 4 mm.

¢. Mandibles acute at the apex, not bidentate ; clypeus

broadly rounded at the apex, with four minute teeth on the

apical margin, without a carina. Head smooth and shining ;

the eyes separated at the base of the clypeus by a distance

equal to rather more than two-thirds of the length of the

scape ; posterior ocelli as far from the eyes as from each

other and about the same distance from the hind margin of

the head ; a curved groove from the inner margin of the

eye, extending towards, but not reaching, the posterior ovelli.

Pronotum depressed below the mesonotum, almost vertical.

Thorax closely and minutely punctured, a transverse groove

at the base of the scutellum. Median segment smooth and

shining, with a distinct median sulcus. First abdominal

segment a little shorter than the second, moderately swollen

at the apex, not very slender; second segment longer than

the apical breadth ; third segment much broader than long.

Hind tibie very feebly serrate near the apex. Recurrent

nervure received a little before two-thirds from the base of

the cubital cell ; radial cell oblique at the apex, the costal

margin as long as the stigma, the transverse cubital nervure

received less beyond one-quarter from the base of the cell.

Hab. N. Queensland, Kuranda (PF. P. Dodd).

Easily distimguished by the remarkable colouring. The

first abdominal segment is shorter than in other Australian

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 109

species except frenchi and macrocephalus, and the hind tibize

are much less swollen than is usual in the genus.

Subfamily Tryroxyroniv a.

Pison deperditum, sp. n.

@. Nigra; mandibulis, palpis, antennis, abdomine pedibusque

rufo-ferrugineis ; tegulis testaceis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis ;

segmenuto mediano crasse rugoso, sulco mediali lato, transverse

striato.

Long. 7 mm.

9. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, clothed with

whitish pubescence, which extends on to the front. Second

joint of the flagellum about equal to the third, nearly twice

as long as the first. Hyes separated at the base of the clypeus

by a distance equal to nearly twice the length of the scape,

and by about the same distance on the vertex ; posterior

ocelli ‘a little further from each other than from the eyes,

separated from each other by a distance equal to the diameter

of one of them, with a shallowly impressed transverse line

behind them. Front with a low carina from the base of the

antennee reaching halfway to the anterior ocellus. Pronotum

transverse, with a narrow depression along the hind margin;

thorax smooth, opaque. Median segment very coarsely

rugose-reticulate, with short oblique striz at the base, and a

very wide transversely striated longitudinal sulcus, the poste-

rior slope irregularly transversely striated. Abdomen micro-

scopically punctured, the segments broadly but very shallowly

depressed on the apical margin. First recurrent nervure

received jast before the apex of the first cubital cell, second

received close to the middle of the second cubital cell ; third

cubital cell on the radius very short, shorter than the petiole

of the second cubital cell,

Hab. Port Darwin, Northern Territory (G. F. Hill).

This is very closely allied to P. ruficornis, Sm., from

which, however, it is easily distinguished by the very different

and much coarser sculpture of the median segment. ‘The

neuration in both species is that of the section Pisonitus,

Shuck.

Pison multistrigatum, sp. n.

Q.. Nigra; palpis testaceis; calcaribus unguiculisque ferrugineis ;

alis hyalinis, apice leviter infumatis, venis fuscis; segmento

mediano fortiter longitudinaliter striato.

Long. 9 mm.

110 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

2. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, clothed with

silver pubescence. Head opaque, finely punctured; eyes

separated at the base of the clypeus by a distance about equal

to three times the length of the scape, but by only about half

that distance on the vertex ; second joint of the flagellum

distinctly longer than the third and about twice as long as

the first ; posterior ocelli about.twice as far from each other

as from the eyes. Thorax subopaque, finely and closely

punctured ; the pronotum transverse, a little depressed on

the posterior margin. Median segment very coarsely longi-

tudinally striated; the sides of the segment finely hori-

zontally striated, with fine punctures between the strie ;

posterior slope transversely striated, with a deep median

sulcus. Abdomen shining, very finely punctured, the seg-

ments rather feebly depressed at the apex; second ventral

segment more sparsely punctured in the middle than on the

sides; the apical angles of the dorsal segments with a little

white pubescence. First recurrent nervure received close to

the apex of the first cubital cell, second at the apex of the

second cubital cell, almost interstitial with the second trans-

verse cubital nervure. Third cubital cell shorter on the

radius than the petiole of the second cubital cell.

flab, Nyasaland, Mlanje (8. A. Neave) ; February.

Differs from all other species known to me by the very

strong longitudinal striation of the median segment.

Pison strigulosum, sp. n.

©. Nigra; fronte argenteo-pubescente; mandibulis, femoribus

apice, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis ; tegulis testaceis; alis hyalinis,

iridescentibus, venis nigris, segmento mediano basi oblique, apice

transverse striato.

Long. 8 mm.

@. Clypeus without a carina, broad, the apical margin

slightly oblique on the sides and forming a distinct angle in

the middle. Head opaque, a distinct frontal suleus reaching

the anterior ocellus. Front broad, the eyes at the base of

the clypeus more than half as far again from each other as

on the vertex. Posterior ocelli nearer to the eyes than to each

other ; second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than

the third. Thorax minutely and closely punctured, the

pronotum and mesopleure clothed with short silver pubes-

cence. Median segment obliquely striated at the base, the

strize becoming rather finer and more transverse towards the

apex, the apical slope coarsely transversely striated ; at the

base of the segment is a very small triangular space enclosed

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 11g

by sulci; from the apex of the triangle a longitudinal trans-

versely striated groove runs to the apex of the segment, and

is continued after a narrow interruption on the apical slope.

Abdomen finely punctured, somewhat pubescent, the three

basal segments shallowly depressed on the apical margin ;

second ventral segment microscopically punctured, more

finely than the third; second to fourth ventral and third to

fifth dorsal segments very narrowly pale testaceous at the

apex. ‘Third cubital cell as long on the radius as the petiole

of the second cubital cell; recurrent nervures received just

before the first and second transverse cubital nervures.

Hab. Gold Coast, Tamale (Dr. C. E. S. Watson).

This belongs to the group of P. wanthopus, Brullé, but

may be distinguished by the less oblique striation of the

median segment, the colour of the pubescence on the front,

and the shape of the clypeus.

Pison carinatum, sp. n.

@. Nigra; mandibulis in medio fusco-ferrugineis; calcaribus

pallide testaceis ; alis hyalinis, margine apicali leviter infuscatis ;

fronte argenteo-sericeo, abdomine segmentis dorsalibus 1-3

margine apicali albido pubescentibus.

$. Femine similis; tarsis rufescentibus ; segmentis abdominalibus

4-7 rufis; segmento dorsali septimo lato, deflexo, apice sub-

truncato.

Long., 2 7, ¢ 6 mm.

9. Clypeus with a low longitudinal carina on the basal

half, broadly subtruncate at the apex. Head opaque, with a

delicate longitudinal sulcus on the front reaching to the

anterior ocellus. Eyes more than half as far again from each

other at the base of the clypeus as on the vertex ; posterior

ocelli a little nearer to each other than to the anterior ocellus,

further from each other than from the eyes; second joint of

the flagellum a little shoiter than the third. Thorax closely

and minutely punctured, more strongly on the mesopleuree

than on the mesonotum ; median segment finely obliquely

striated, depressed longitudinally in the middle, with a

distinct longitudinal carina, the apical slope transversely

striated, the sides of the segment finely and closely punctured.

Abdomen on both surfaces closely and microscopically punc-

tured; sixth dorsal segment broadly triangular, convex,

subcarinate longitudinally in the middle. The position of the

recurrent nervures and also the length of the third cubital

cell on the radius show much variation in this species.

The male has the clypeus more preduced in the middle

112.) - Mr. R. E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera.

than in the female, but has the carina at the base; the eyes

are a little further apart on the vertex, the second joint of

the flagellum is fully as long as the third. The broad form

of the seventh dorsal segment is remarkable.

flab. Ashanti, Obuasi (W. M. Graham), April, Feb-

ruary ; Uganda, Hntebbe (C. G. Gowdey) (type), September

and March; Egypt, Meadi (Egyptian Department of Agri-

culture), July; Sierra Leone (Morgan).

I had identified this species as xanthopus, Brullé, in my

recent paper on Pison (Proe. Zool. Soc. 1916), but since

then have found other specimens answering much better to

Brullé’s description.. The present species may possibly be

obscurus, Shuck., but the type of that species is lost and

the description gives the pubescence of the front as golden, as

in wanthopus.

Pison vanthopus, Brulle.

eae zvanthopus, Brullé, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ii. p. 408 (1883).

Four females in the National Collection answer well to the

description. They differ from cartnatum and strigulosum in

the bright golden pubescence of the front and in the red

colour of the two or three apical abdominal segments. There

is no basal carina on the clypeus as in carinatus, which it

resembles in the sculpture of the median segment, and differs

in the latter point trom strigulosum. 'The clypeus is more

distinctly truncate at the apex than in either of the other

species. P. clypeatus, Cam., seems to belong to the same

group. I do not think that Shuckard’s description of

obscurus can be meant for the present species.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Kateri (J. J. Simpson), December; Gold

Coast, Aburi (L. Armstrong), April.

Pison flavolimbatum, sp. n.

@. Nigra; segmentis dorsalibus tribus basalibus fascia apicali

flavidula ; scapo tegulisque brunneo-testaceis; fronte, pronoto

segmentogue mediano lateribus pallide aureo-pubescentibus ;

alis subhyalinis, costa late infuscata, venis nigris.

Long. 10 mm.

9. Clypeus convex, broadly truncate at the apex, without

a carina ; lead opaque, a distinct frontal sulcus reaching to

the anterior ocellus; eyes a little further apart at the base

of the clypeus than on the vertex, posterior ocelli as near to

each other as to the eyes; an undulating, low, transverse

ridge separating the anterior from the posterior ocellar

On the External Characters of the Felide. 113

region. Second joint of the flagellum slightly longer than

the third. Thorax opaque, minutely and very closely punc-

tured ; median segment similarly punctured, with a median

longitudinal sulcus, shallow and narrow on the dorsal surface,

deep and broader on the posterior slope, the extreme apex

with a few transverse strize. Abdomen closely and minutely

punctured, rather more strongly on the ventral than on the

dorsal segments ; sixth dorsal segment triangular, convex.

Both recurrent nervures received by the second cubital cell,

the first near one-quarter from the base, the second very near

the apex ; radial margin of the third cubital cell variable in

length, but longer than the petiole of the second cubital cell.

Hab. British Guiana, Issororo (C. B. Williams) ; July.

Three females,

The development of the yellow abdominal fascize, which

are chitinous, varies considerably, being rather obscured in

one specimen. This is quite distinct from P. paraense, Spin.,

which also has yellowish abdominal fascize, but is much

smaller and is without the broad fuscous costal margin of the

fore wing, and differs in other details of colour, also in the

position of the first recurrent nervure.

VII.— On the External Characters of the Felide. By

R. I. Pocock, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Zoological

Society’s Gardens.

Tue facts recorded in this paper are based upon an exami-

nation, extending over many years, of specimens that have

died in the Zoological Society’s Gardens. Although un-

avoidably incomplete, the observations probably, I think,

cover the range of variation in the characters discussed

within the limits of the family.

The Ears.

The ears of the Felidz are very constant in their general

features, so far as my observations have carried me, and do

not differ essentially from those of the typical Viverride.

The bursa is always present and large. Its posterior flap

rises behind the rim of the pinna above, and the anterior

flap is always deeply notched. These features are observable

even in newly-born kittens. The main cartilages also differ

but little from species to species ; but neither in the structure

of the bursa nor of the cartilages have I been able to establish

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. xix. 8

114 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

any features of systematic value. A more detailed comparison

than I have made may, however, show that such differences

Fig. 1.

M) lif Hee

4 iN {/ jf ly

ee Wi

A. Left ear of Felis ruffus esquinape, nat. size.

B 4 » jaguarondi, sy hs

3» salinarum, %

exist. For instance, in /. eyra the excrescence on the antero-

internal ridge overlapping the anterior end of the supratragus

(plica principalis) is rather unusually well developed.

External Characters of the Felide. 115

Usually the ears are rounded at the summit, but in

the species of the genus Velis (s.s.), e. g. F. sylvestris,

ocreata, chaus, and their allies, and also in the lynxes,

¥. lynx, ruffus, caracal, they are more angular and

pointed. In all the lynxes, moreover, the tip is provided

with a pencil of hairs, which are especially well developed in

fF’, caracal and smallest in F. ruffus. In the latter they are

sometimes temporarily absent during the moult; but they

are never absent in F. caracal. That these ear-tufts cannot

be regarded as a generic feature is shown by the frequent

presence of similar but smaller tufts in /’. ocreata, F. chaus,

and F. ornata.

Of all the species known to me, /. jaguarondi* and

F. manul have relatively the smallest aud least conspicuous

ears. Inthe former their smallness, coupled with the general

shape of the narrow head, imparts a decidedly musteline phy-

siognomy to the species. In /. manul the width of the head

and the height of the forehead make the ears appear to be set

very low behind the cheek, and they certainly are never raised

above the summit of the head when pricked +. F. serval

presents the greatest possible contrast to F. manul in this

particular, the ears being large and capable of being closely

juxtaposed on the top of the head when pricked. In no

other species is this power developed to the same extent.

The ear of Acinonyx conforms in shape and structure to

that of other round-eared members of the family Felidz

(Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) xviii, pp. 422-423, fig. 2.4, 1916).

The Rhinarium.

The muzzle of the Felidz differs from that of the Viverridz,

Cryptoproctid, Mungotidz, and their allies in being bluntly

truncated, the nose, that is to say, projects to a comparatively

slight extent beyond the lower jaw. ‘This feature, coupled

with the shortness of the jaws, gives a very characteristic

appearance to the face of the Felidae as compared with that

of other Ailuroids in which the muzzle noticeably recedes

from the anterior edge of the prominent rhinarium to the

sloping chin. There is, however, a certain amount of variation

in the Felidae with respect to this character. In all species,

it may be added, the upper lip is cleft by a laterally distensible

and mesially grooved strip of naked skin, confluent above with

* If F. braccata, Cope, as stated, has pointed ears, it is probably not

related to F. jaguarondi as claimed by its describer,

+ So far as my memory serves, the ears in F. manul are rounded and

not angular, as one would expect from the affinity of this species to

typical Felis and to the lynxes, :

116 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

the rhinarium and extending inferiorly to the edge of the lip;

and the median groove impressing this strip passes up the

anterior surface of the rhinarium approximately or actually

as high as the upper rim of the nostrils. The infranarial

& j

A. Rhinarium of Felssylvestris, from the front.

B. 7 a ocreata, ns 5

c. i ‘, 3 from the side.

io} es e serval, from the front.

E. 9 - », from above.

real. es és , trom the side.

G. i + salinarum, from_the front.

iY. <i ye i from above.

if. i Pa i from the side.

portion of the rhinarium, so pronounced in Mungotide and

most of the “lower” Ailuroidea, is either suppressed or

developed to only a small extent.

External Characters of the Felide. 117

In the genus Felis (s.s.), as exemplified by F. sylvestris and

F. ocreata, the rhinarium is comparatively small, exhibiting

from the dorsal view a very narrow naked area beyond the

hair of the summit of the muzzle. Viewed from the front,

Fig. 3.

A. Rhinarium of Felis pardalis, from the front.

B. * a »» from above.

C. i 7 » from the side.

D. i 3» Jaguarondi, from the front.

E. , % :; from above.

¥: 5 i is from the side.

its upper edge is horizontal with a slight median depression

and rounded angles. The median portion below the level of

the nostrils, which are moderately far apart, is acutely angled

inferiorly, and there is no definite strip extending laterally

beneath the nostrils. The rhinarium of an example of

118 Mr: R. I. Pocock on the

F. ocreata from Somaliland differs from that of an example

of F. sylvestris from Scotland in having the area between

the nostrils and the angular portion immediately below it

rather narrower (fig. 2, A, B, C).

The lynxes (f. caracal, F. ruffus esqunape, and F. lynx

isabellinus) have the rhinarium relatively larger and more

prominent than F. sylvestris and F. ocreata, the naked portion

seen from above being less overgrown by the hair of the

muzzle. Otherwise there is no great difference between

them. Inanexample of F. lynx isabellinus the upper margin

seen from the front is more convex than in F. caracal and in

F. ruffus esquinape, and the nostrils are somewhat larger,

possibly in adaptation to a life at high altitudes, where the

atmosphere is more rarified (fig. 4, C).

In the smaller tropical and subtropical Felide of America

the rhinarium is large as compared with that of /. ocreata

and sylvestris, as may be seen by comparing the drawings of

this organ in a specimen of F’. ocreata from Somaliland and

of F. salinarum from Cordova in the Argentine, the cats

themselves being approximately equal in size. In the case

of F. salinarum* the rhinarium exhibits a naked area of

considerable size when seen from above, the nostrils are

wider apart than in F. ocreata, and the infranarial portion

is wider transversely and much less acutely angled inferiorly

(hie! Qs Wee Gada oa).

In F. wiedit the rhinarium is very similar to that of

F, salinarum.

In an example of F. pardalis (fig. 3, A, B, C) from Maiaos

the rhinarium is rather more prominent than in examples of

F. wiedii examined, and has the internarial septum wider, the

edge more convex in profile view, and the upper edge also

more convex when viewed from the front. Nevertheless, the

general similarity between them is unmistakable.

In an adult F’. jaguarondi (fig. 8, D, H, F) from Cordova,

in the Argentine, the muzzle projects, and the hairs on its

summit form a high crest, which anteriorly encroaches in

the middle line on the rhinarium, forming an angular pro-

jection over the middle of its upper side. In profile view

the margin is convex. From the front view the upper edge

is mesially notched by the hairy crest, the intervarial septum

is broad, and the portion below the nostrils deep. But in a

young specimen of the typically-coloured form of this species

* This form, described by Mr. Thomas (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)

xii. p. 239, 1903), is closely related to the hetter-known F. geoffroyt.

Possibly it should be regarded merely as a subspecies,

External Characters of the Felide. 119

these characteristics of the rhinarium observed in the adult

eyra-coloured specimen from Cordova are less marked *.

I have only examined the rhinarium in two of the tropical

Asiatic species, namely F. viverrina and FI’. nebulosa. In the

former the rhinarium is tolerably similar to that of F. pardalis,

but is relatively smaller and less prominent. In F. nebulosa,

on the other hand, it differs but little from the rhinarium of

Panthera t described below.

In the matter of prominence and the great size of the

the naked area, when viewed from above, the rhinarium of

F. serval (fig. 2, D, E, F) surpasses that of all other species

of Felide. From the dorsal aspect it is broadly cordate. In

profile view its margin is rather strongly convex and projects

well beyond the lips. From the front its superior edge is

transverse, with rounded angles; the portion above the

nostrils is high, and the area below them wide, comparatively

deep, and not acutely angled inferiorly. The rhinarium,

indeed, is an exaggeration of the type seen in F. pardalis.

The differences between it and the rhinarium of /. ocreata

and sylvestris are particularly worthy of note.

In an example of F. concolor, three months old, the

rhinarium seen from above exhibits a tolerably extensive

naked tract, although not so large as that of /. pardalis.

Nor is the rhinarium so convex and prominent in profile

view as in that species. Moreover, from the front aspect

the area above the nostrils is deeper, that below them is:

narrower, and the nostrils themselves are closer together.

The rhinarium, it may be noted, is not like that of Panthera,

but in its general features approaches the rhinarium of the

smaller members of the Felidee.

In Panthera leo (fig. 4, A, B) the short hair of the muzzle

spreads over the summit of the rhinarium practically to its

anterior margin, so that there is no naked area, or at most

a very narrow naked area, visible in front of the hair from

the dorsal view. The rhinarium itself is tolerably flat, the

median area below the level of the nostrils is narrow and

acutely angled inferiorly, and there is no definite lateral

infranarial extension, the naked skin forming the lower

margin of the nostril being quite smooth and moist like the

inside of that orifice, which is large and expanded.

So far as my observations go, the rhinarium of P. tigris,

* In the description of F. braccata, Cope records the angulation of the

muzzle-hairs in F. jaguarondi (Amer. Nat. xxiii. p. 144, 1889).

+ For the recognition and definition of this genus, see Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. pp. 221-229 & 306-316 (1916),

120 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

Fig. 4.

Ae ee

ate ‘ Vavers ¥ aes

Mit ca Pecans

1 REVS vey

it Viv my fe

set

A. Rhinarium of Panthera leo, from the front.

B. 4 = » from the side,

C. a Felis lyna, from the front.

Dz. iy » 3) from the side.

External Characters of the Felide. 121

onca, and pardus agrees with that of P. leo. The rhinarium

of Uncia uncia I do not know.

The foregoing account of the range of variation in the

structure of the rhinarium in the Felidee, and a comparison

between that organ in the Felidze and in genera referred

to the Viverridz, show that there is practically a complete

gradation between the two.

In Civettictis civetta*, for example, the rhinarium, which

is of the same type as the rhinarium of Paradoxurus and of

Mungos, is very large and prominent, with the infranarial

portions deep and extending laterally beyond the nostrils.

But in Genetia the infranarial portions are reduced in size ;

and in Linsang ¢ they are so much reduced as to be only a

little larger than in some of the Felide—e. g., F. pardalis,

F. eyra, and F. serval, which also have the rhinarium

tolerably prominent and naked above. The difference,

indeed, between the rhinaria of Linsang and of Civettictis

is greater than between the rhinaria of Linsang and F. par-

dalis ; and from the prominent rhinarium, with its naked

upper side, of /’. pardalis, gradations may be traced within

the Felidze to the wide, comparatively flat rhinarium, with

hairy upper side and suppressed infranarial areas, of Panthera

leo, the species which, with its allies, has the highest type of

rhinarium met with in the A®luroidea.

The Facial Vibrisse.

Amongst the Ailuroid Carnivores, as I have already shown,

the Felidz are exceptional for the complete absence of the

interramal tuft of tactile vibrisse. At all events, I have

never found a trace of this tuft in any specimen of the

many species that have passed through my hands. For the

rest, there is nothing particularly noteworthy about the facial

vibrissee. The mystacial and superciliary tufts are always

well developed. The two genal tufts occupy the normal

position on each cheek, the lower being placed in a line

with the corner of the mouth, and the upper a little higher

up and a little farther back than the lower. In species

with short hair on the cheeks each tuft consists usually of

two or three long vibrisse and is very conspicuous, e. g.

Panthera pardus and F. caracal. But sometimes there is

a reduction in the number. Of two specimens of F. wiedii,

* P.Z. Si 1915, py 306.

ft Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. p. 341, pl. xii. fig. 5 (1915).

422 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

for instance, one had three bristles to each tuft, the other

only one—a difference I suspect to be due to moulting.

On the other hand, in species with long hair or copious

whiskers on the cheek, like Panthera tigris and Felis lyna,

these vibrissz are not always easy to find. In an example

of the Tibetan lynx, F. lynx isabellina, for instance, each of

the genal tufts was represented by a single bristle mixed up

with the fringe on the cheek. Similariy, in examples of

F. sylvestris and of F. ocreata, recently examined, each

the genal tufts was represented by a single bristle.

The Feet.

In the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ (8)

Xvll. pp. 419-429 (1916), in a paper dealing with the

external characters of the hunting leopard or cheetah

(Acinonyx jubatus), I described the feet of that Feline, and

compared them with those of the common leopard (Panthera

pardus) to show the differences between them and to illus-

trate the range of structural variation in the feet within

the limits of the family Feld. I stated that the feet

of Acinonyx are distinguished from those of all the other

members of that family by the complete absence of cuta-

neous sheaths for guarding the claws; but added that the

feet of the typical Felide by no méans always conform to

the Pantherine type in the degree of development of these

sheaths. In the following pages I have described and

figured the feet * of several species from the Old World

and the New to show how they differ from each other.

Since the selection is tolerably wide, it does not appear to

me probable that any species of cat exists with feet differing

in any important respect from all of those here discussed ;

but a few interesting species, like F. manul, pajeros, and

planiceps, still remain to be done.

Since in their main characters tne feet here described

agree with those of Panthera pardus, it is needless to repeat

what was said on that head in the paper above quoted +.

* The drawings have been taken from measured feet with the hairs

surrounding the pads cut short, and the feet’are represented as naked

with the digits spread, the axes of digits 2 and 5 being approximately at

right angles.

+ Apart from the forms assigned to Panthera, a genus which I have

elsewhere defined, all the species are provisionally referred to the genus

Felis,

External Characters of the Felide. 123

Genus Fruis, Linn.

Feet of some European, African, and Asiatic Species.

Felis sylvestris *.—he feet are comparatively narrow for

Fig. 5.

A. Left fore foot of Felis sylvestris. x 3.

B. ,, hind foot of _,, Be

C. Right fore foot of Felis serval. #7

Dy ig) o) Mind foot of .:,, 3 7

their Icngth, with smallish pads. In the fore foot the

* It is appropriate to begin with this species, because it is closely

related to, and probably one of the agriotypes of, the domestic cat, Felis

catus, the type of the genus Felis. The feet of the two are similar. The

examples of F. sylvestris examined came from Scotland.

124 Mr. R. 1. Pocock on the

second and third digits are provided with inner lobes to

the claw-sheaths, that of the third being larger than that

of the second. There is, however, no distinct inner lobe to

the claw-sheaths of the fourth and fifth digits. The webs

are moderately well developed. In the hind foot the digits

are without inner lobes to the claw-sheaths, or, at all events,

these lobes are so small as to be negligible (fig. 5, A, B).

F. ocreata has feet almost precisely like those of

F. sylvestris.

Felis serval_—The feet in a general way resemble tolerably

closely those of F. sylvestris, except that the sheaths of the

claws are relatively a little larger, the mner lobe of the third

digit in the specimen examined being exceptionally well

developed and larger than the outer lobe. The carpal pad

also is relatively larger (fig. 5, C, D).

Felis caracal.—The fore foot is tolerably similar to that

of F. sylvestris, but the digits are more separable, the claw-

sheaths somewhat larger, and the webs, particularly those

-joining the second and third and the fourth and fifth digits,

shallower and more emarginate. In the hind foot the third

digit carries a well-developed inner lobe to the claw-sheath,

the plantar pad is longer as compared with its width than in

F. sylvestris, and the webs are much shallower, especially

that connecting the third and fourth digits. The digital

pads, also both of the fore and hind foot, are more pointed

distally than in F. sylvestris and F. serval (fig. 6, A, B).

As I have already remarked (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

XVili. p. 429, 1916), the hind feet of F. caracal recall those

of Acinonyx jubatus in the emargination of the webs.

Felis lynx isabellinus (fig. 7, C, D).—The feet differ in

some interesting particulars from those of F. caracal. In

the fore foot the plantar pad, owing to the encroachment

of the surrounding hair, is shorter as compared with its

width ; the webs are deeper and hardly differ in develop-

ment from those of F. sylvestris and F. serval; the claw-

sheaths are exceedingly well developed on the second and

third digits, the inner lobe of the third being approximately

as large, relatively, as in F. serval, and there is a distinct

inner lobe on the fourth and fifth digits, that of the fourth

being large, that of the fifth smaller but distinct. In the

hind foot the plantar pad is longer for its width than in

the fore foot, but not so long as in F. caracal. The webs

are rather more emarginate than in Ff. sylvestris and

F. serval, but not nearly so shallow as in F. caracal. As in

the fore foot the claw-sheaths are complete on all the digits,

External Characters of the Felide. 125

the second, fourth, and fifth carrying an inner lobe as well

as the third, that of the fifth being the smallest.

A. Right fore foot of Felis caracal (young). x 2,

B. ,, hind foot of 8) ;

7 ” ”?

Felis viverrina.—The feet are shorter and broader than in

the previously-described species, and in the example examined

126 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

the carpal pad was exceedingly small. The claw-sheaths are

moderately well developed, but the inner lobe of the second

Fig. 7.

A. Left fore foot of Felis ruffus esqguinape. X 3.

B. ,, hind foot of =: ay s

C. Plantar pad of right fore foot of Felis lynx isabellinus. xX 4

a + hind foot of

” ”? 3?

of the fore foot is comparatively large, and there is a small

inner lobe on the fourth and fifth. Similarly, in the hind

External Characters of the Felide. 127

foot there is an inner lobe, but a very small one on the

second, third, and fourth digits. The webs are developed

to approximately the same extent as in F. sylvestris and

F, serval. They do not conceal the tips of the claws, which

(Unclipped.)

x A.

”

+ hind foot of _,,

Fig, 8.

C. Left fore foot of Felis viverrina.

” D.

”

if "Nees y)

1} “i YR

Mie aa] i v

; l

A. Left fore foot of Felis viverrina.

rary

+) |! °

; 2)

Oo aS)

-—— ~ ~

‘ 3

7 421

z | 5

if 2

+4 /

gins

J FE

/ jaa)

project to a certain extent, even beyond the hairs of the

toes, especially on the hind feet, as shown by the sketche

of the unclipped feet (fig..8, A, B, C, D).

128 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

Felis nebulosa.—The feet are very short and broad with

large pads. In the fore foot the carpal pad is very large

Fig. 9.

A. Right fore foot of Felis nebulosa. X ¥.

3 bind ddotar © ,, a 3

and rounded at the apex, the webs are deep and extend

approximately up to the distal ends of the digital pads, and

External Characters of the Felide. 129

on all the digits the claw-sheaths are perfected by the

development of inner lobes. In the hind foot the plantar

pad is very broad, the webs are very nearly as deep as in the

fore foot, and all the digits, as in the fore foot, have well-

developed inner lobes (fig. 9, A, B).

The feet of this species differ from those of F. viverrina

in the larger size of the pads, the much deeper webs, and the

much better developed claw-sheaths. In all these respects

they more resemble the feet of Panthera described below.

The Feet of some American Species.

The feet of an American lynx, probably F. rujjus

esquinape (fig. 7, A, B), from Tampico, resemble those of

F. lynx isabellinus in web-development, but the inner lobes

of the sheaths of the claws are relatively smaller, both on

the fore and hind feet, and the plantar pads are differently

shaped, being markedly longer as compared with their

width. Thus the median length of these plantar pads is

about three-quarters their total width. They are less over-

grown by hair than in F. lynex isabellinus, and recall in

their shape and proportions the posterior plantar pad of

F. caracal.

It may be recalled that Bangs has already pointed out

(Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xi. pp. 48, 49, 1897) that the

plantar pads of the lynxes (Ff. ruffus fasciatus, etc.) of

the more southern portions of North America are larger

than those of the Canadian species (F. canadensis). Hence

it may be inferred, I think, that the pads of F. canadensis

probably resemble those of F. lyna isabellinus. The point,

however, to be noticed here is that the three species of

lynxes, namely, F. caracal, F. lynx isabellinus, and FP. rufus

esquinape have feet of the same general form, aud that those

of the Mexican animal are approximately intermediate in

character between the feet of F. caracal and of F. lynx

isabellinus *.

F. geoffroyi—The feet are more robust than those of

F, sylvestris, but are otherwise tolerably similar to them

in the size of the pads and the development of the webs and

of the claw-sheaths. The claw-sheaths are small. In the

fore foot the inner lobe is negligible on the fourth and fifth

digits, small upon the second and larger, but still small,

* The Tibetan lynx has been referred to the subgenus which at

present carries the inadmissible name Eucervaria. That is a mistake,

the skull characters being those of the typical forms, F. lyna and

F’, canadensis.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 9

139 Mr. R. 1. Pocock on the

upon the third; and in the hind foot the inner lobes are

negligible upon all the digits *.

F. jaquarondi.—In an adult example of the F. eyra-

~ mutation from Cordova, in the Argentine, the fore foot is

Fig. 10.

A. Right fore foot of Felis wiedit. x 3.

B.. .,,.. bind foot of »,, , ;

C. ,, fore foot of Felis salinarum. ,,

1}, -«,, - bind foot af -1,, rs 5

shorter than in the example of F. geoffroyi examined, has

the pads relatively larger, and the claw-sheaths better

* Tn all cats the edge of the skin upon the admedian or inner side of

the claw is detached from the claw to a greater or less extent. Hence

the rudiment of the inner portion of the sheath is always present, eyen

in cases where it is stated to be negligible or absent in this paper.

External Characters of the Felide. 131

developed, the inner lobes of the second and third digits

being larger and a small one is present on the fourth. The

webs, however, are developed to approximately the same

extent. The hind feet of the two species are also approxi-

mately alike, except that in F. jaguarondi the claw-sheaths

are a little larger and the third digit shows a small inner

lobe. These differences, however, are less marked in a

aay

is)

[Sie

_—s

2 ats

= nS

(2)

r=]

“

® RR

ric

SP Paces

hind foot of ,,

fore foot of ,,

”

”?

A. Left fore foot of Felis concolor.

kitten of the same type from Cordova and in one of the

dark-coloured forms of which the locality is unknown.

In F, salinurum (fig. 10, C, D) the feet closely resemble

those of F. geoffroyi and F. jaquarondi.

F, wiedit (macroura) (fig. 10, A, B).—The feet are broad

and short, with moderately well-developed pads. In the

fore foot the webs are very deep and extend approximately

132 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

up to the distal ends of the digital pads, as in F. nebulosa.

The claw-sheaths also are well developed, with distinct inner

lobe upon the second, third, and fourth digits; but this lobe

is sufficiently small to be negligible upon the fifth digit.

In the hind foot the webs are also well developed, although

shallower than on the fore foot. The inner lobe of the claw-

sheath is negligible upon the second and fifth, but well

developed on the third and distinct though small upon the

fourth digit.

F. pardalis has feet similar to those of F. wiedii (Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xviil. p. 428, fig. 5, A, 1916).

It is interesting to notice that the feet of F. wiedit and

F. pardalis differ rather markedly from those of F. geoffroyi,

F. salinarum, and F. jaquarondi, and also from those of

F. concolor, though to a slightly less extent, in the develop-

ment of the webs and of the claw-sheaths.

F. concolor (fig. 11, A, B, C).—In an example three

months old the feet are shorter and broader than in

F. geoffroyi, and provided with larger pads and better

developed claw-sheaths. Nevertheless, the webs are de-

veloped to approximately the same extent, and the inner

lobe of the claw-sheaths is small upon the second and

third digits and negligible upon the fourth and fifth of the

fore foot, and also negligible upon the second, fourth, and

fifth of the hind foot. In neither foot do the sheaths encase

the claws almost to the tip, and, in the extent to which the

claws when retracted are exposed, the feet approximately

resemble those of I. geoffroyi, jaguarondi, viverrina, and

sylvestris, and do not conform to the type of foot of

Panthera (fig. 12).

Genus Pantuera, Oken.

In the species of the genus Panthera (fig. 12) examined,

namely, P. pardus, onca, tigris, and leo, the feet are very

much alike. They are short, broad, compact, and difficult

to spread. The plantar and digital pads are large and the

sheaths are well developed, both upon the outer and

the inner side of the claw, and almost conceal the tips

of the claws when retracted. In the fore foot the carpal pad

usually has a widely rounded apex, and the webs extend almost

up to the tips of the digital pads, at least on the admedian

side, and show only a shallow emargination when the digits

are stretched. In the hind foot the webs are less extensive

and more emarginate.

External Characters of the Felide. 133

Fig. 12 depicts the feet of a specimen of P. tigris, three

months old. The feet of P. pardus I have already figured

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvii. p. 424, 1916).

Similar, however, as are the feet of this genus, they do

not differ in important points from those of F. nedulusa, a

Three months old.

(Clipped.)

’

”

x2.

gris.

”

Fig. 12,

’

”

hind foot of

fore foot of

”

A. Right fore foot of Panthera tt

species which has a more Pantherine skull than any species

of Felis in the sense in which the latter term is used in this

paper.

The facts above described show an interesting series of

134 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

gradations in the specialization of the feet of Felis in the

following particulars :—

Claw-sheaths —In their simplest form, as exemplified

in Felis sylvestris or F. geoffroyi, these structures differ in

no essential respects from those of some genera of Viverrine,

like Viverra and Genetta.

In their most elaborate form, as exemplified in Felis lynz,

Puanthera tigris, aud others, the inner lobes on all the digits

are well developed and form claw-sheaths, complete extern-

ally and internally, but the extent to which they protect

the tips of the retracted claws depends upon the degree of

retraction of the claw-bearing phalanx by the elastic liga-

ments and upon the length of the sheaths themselves.

Between these two extremes every gradation in the

development of the sheaths may be traced.

Webs.—The webs may, exceptionally, be very shallow, as

in the hind feet of F. caracal, but in aimost all cases they

reach up to the proximal end of the digital pads, at least on

their admedian side; but in other cases they extend beyond

that point, and may, in the case of the front foot, reach

practically to the distal end of those pads on the admedian

side aud exhibit only a slight emargination of the edge, as

in F. tigrina, for example. In the hind feet the webs are

always shorter than in the fore feet, but they exhibit a

similar. progressive series in development from species to

species. In almost all cases well-developed wehs are asso-

ciated with well-developed claw-sheaths. A striking excep-

tion to this, however, is shown by the hind feet of F. /ynz,

where short and deeply emarginate webs accompany claw-

sheaths, which are complete both externally and internally.

It is needless to compare the feet of the Felide with those

of Hyena, Mungos, Galidia, Eupleres, Cryptoprocta, Nan-

dinia, Paradoaurus, and their allies. But a few genera of

fluroids, formerly included in the heterogeneous family

Viverridz, approach the Felidz tolerably closely in tlie

structure of the feet, and, at all events, in the develop-

ment of claw-sheaths, have more “ feline” feet than has

Acinonyx. ‘there is scarcely any difference, for example,

between Genetta* and many species of Felis in the extent

to which the claws are retracted and guarded by cutaneous

sheaths. The same may be said of the feet of Linsang and

Poiana t. But in the structure of the plantar and carpal

pads, the low-set pollex, and the presence of the hallux,

* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1915, p. 186, fig. 3.

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (8) xvi. pp. 342 & S45, pl. xii. (1915),

External Characters of the Felide. 135

Geneita, Poiana, and Linsang have much more primitive

feet. On the other hand, Viverricula has a single cordate

carpal pad, a simpie trilobed plantar pad, and a small pollex

set almost as high as in many Felide. The hind foot, how-

ever, retains a small hallux; and it seems that the mvariable

presence of this digit is the only character that can be

definitely affirmed as distinctive of the feet of the Viverrinz

(Viverra, Viverricula, Civetiictis, and Genetia) when com-

pared with those of the Felide *.

The Anus and External Genitalia,

The auus and the external genitalia, both in the male and

the female, of the Felide present very little variation in

structure. The anus itself opens in the centre of a circular

area of naked skin, and in the female the skin immediately

surrounding the vulva is naked or sparsely hairy; the

perineal region between the two is short, hairy, and un-

modified, aud the clitoris is minute. In the male the

perineal region is also hairy aud unmodified, and the pre-

puce is situated close to the scrotum. The glans penis is

short, subconical, usually armed with backwardly directed

spiny papille, is boneless, or, at most, fortified with a smail

bone, and the urethra opens close to the tip.

In its short unmodified perineum, the shortness of the

glans penis, and the closeness of the prepuce to the scrotum

the ano-genital area of Felidze resembles that of Nandinia

and the Mungotide, and, so far as lam aware, of Hupleres and

Linsang. My acquaintance with the area in Lupleres

and Linsang is, however, restricted to the female, and I

do not know whether the prepuce is close to the scrotum or

not. Fossa is another genus about which very little seems

to be actually known with respect to this region, except that

the perineum is unmodified and that the prepuce, judging

from dried skins, is situated far in front of the scrotum,

a character which must be regarded as primitive in the

Carnivora,

So far as this area is concerned, the Felidz may be dis-

tinguished from Nandinia by the absence of the large scent-

gland situated- in front of the prepuce and vulva in that

genus, from the Mungotidz by the absence of the circum-

aval glandular sac and the situation of the small urethral

orifice at the tip of the glans penis instead of beneath it.

Of the remaining genera of A®luroids, the Viverride

* Very exceptionally the hallux is present in the Felide., I have seen

it in a lioness. ;

136 ‘Mr. S. Hirst on some

(Viverra, Paradoxurus, Cynogale, and their allies) have the

perineal area provided with scent-glands, situated in the

male between the ‘scrotum and the prepuce, which are

widely separated. In Galidictis and Galidia a similar

gland is present at least in the female, the position of the

prepuce being unknown. In the Hyzenas there is a large

sac, receiving the secretion of the anal glands, above the

anus, the prepuce is far in advance of the scrotum, and

the glans penis is long.

Finally, Cryptoprocta, which has even been referred to the

same family as the Felidz on account of the misleading

character of its dentition, has widely different external

genitalia and the anus opening into a large sac.

Thus, if we set aside Linsang, Eupleres, and Fossa, about

which our knowledge is defective, it may ke seen that the

genito-anal area of the Felidz possesses a combination of

characters distinctive of this family of Ailuroidea.

VIIIl.—On some new Mites of the Suborder Prostigmata

living on Lizards. By Stan.iuy Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tur Acari described below are forms living on lizards, and,

with the probable exception of Pimeliaphilus tenuipes, they

are all true blood-sucking parasites. The species dealt with

in this prelimimary note will be figured and described in

detail in a later paper on parasitic mites.

Genus Prerycosoma, Peters.

Pterygosoma persicus, sp. n.

? —Body much wider than long. On each side of the

anterior end of the dorsum there are two patches of very

short plumose hairs ; these patches being almost continuous

with one another, the inner one consists of about 5-8 hairs,

the outer of 8-16 hairs. Hairs on rest of dorsum very few

in number ; some distance behind the anterior patches of

hairs there is a transverse row of four plain hairs, which are

short and widely separated from one another ; there are also

two or three rather long fine hairs on each side near the

margin ; posteriorly there are two more pairs of short plain

new Mites living on Lizards. 137

hairs (one pair placed behind the other) ; finally, two pairs

of short plumose hairs situated near the posterior margin,

those of the inner pair being placed on either side of the

genital aperture. On each side of the posterior margin

there is a fringe of about nineteen or twenty very long

hairs, which are quite fine, not being feathered or modified

in any way. Venter with only four pairs of fine plain hairs,

which are of moderate length. There is also a tuft of

eleven very long fine hairs on each side of the genital

aperture. Legs slender and of moderate length; coxe

unarmed, being furnished with long fine hairs.

Length of body ‘6 mm.; its width 1:15 mm.

Hab. Sixty miles north-west of Kermanshaw, Persia ;

a few specimens found under the scales of the tail of

Agamu nupta.

Pterygosoma melanus, sp. n.

? .—This species is not so wide as compared with its length

as is usually the case in the genus. On each side of the

anterior end of the dorsum there is a band of short slender

plumose hairs. Hairs on the rest of the dorsum very few

in number and widely separated from one another ; some

distance behind the anterior margin there are two pairs of

racket-shaped hairs arranged so as to practically form a

transverse row, and a little further back there is another

pair of similar hairs. Posterior margin furnished with a

fringe of about 18-22 hairs, which are rather short and

paddle-shaped, the basal portion being short aud cylindrical,

but the rest of the hair flattened so as to form a rather wide

blade-like expansion, which is striated. Hairs on venter

very few in number, a pair of short plain hairs being

situated immediately behind the mouth-parts, and another

pair of similar hairs in the middle of the body ; posteriorly

there are two more pairs of hairs, which have the distal end

plumose. Legs slender and rather short; coxe unarmed,

being furnished with quite fine plain hairs.

Colour (spirit-specimens) usually black, but sometimes

paler.

Length of body *72 mm.; its width 1-1 mm.

Hab. Deelfontein, Cape Colony ; several specimens found

under axillz and ventral folds of neck of Agama atra.

Klipfontein, Damaraland; two specimens found: on the

same host.

138 Mr. S. Hirst on some

Pterygosoma neumanni, Berl.

Hab. Specimens from Agama colonerum, Gooli Mountains,

Somaliland.

It is probaole that this mite is only a variety of P. agame,

Peters.

GECKOBIELLA, gen. nov.

Body long-oval, being much longer than wide, instead of

wider than long as is the case in the genus Pterygosoma.

Scutum absent. Numerous short plumose hairs are present

on the dorsum and sides. Venter only furnished with very

few hairs. Free portion of peritreme rather long and

directed forwards. Coxe not nearly so much fused to-

gether as is the case of Geckobia and Pterygosoma, and only

furnished with fine hairs.

This new genus is founded for Geckebia texana, Banks ;

as will be seen from the details given above, it is mcre

closely allied to Pterygosoma than to Geckobia, but differs

from the former in the shape of the body, which is longer

than wide, instead of the reverse, and in the structure of the

coxee, which are only slightly fused with one another.

Geckobiella texana, Banks.

Hab. Duval County, Texas; two adult specimens and

numerous larve found on Scelopurus spinosus, var. clarkii

(=S. floridanus).

Genus Grcxosia, Mégnin.

Geckolia latasti, Mégn.

Hab. We have specimens of this mite from Castelfusano,

Ostia, and also from Lisbon and Seville. These examples

were taken from between the toes of Zarentola mauritanica.

Geckcbia clelandi, sp. n.

? .— Body about as wide as Jong. Dorsal seutum well

developed and much wider than long ; it reaches its greatest

width just before the posterior margin, being angular and °

salient at this pomt. The scutum is furnished with ten

hairs, arranged in two transverse rows, an anterior row

composed of four hairs (two being placed close together

on each side) and a posterior row of six (three on each

side of the scutum) ; these hairs are similar in structure

to those on the rest of the dorsal surface, and are fairly

new Mites living on Lizards. 139

long. A short distance in front of the outermost hair

of the hinder row there is a minute rounded structure,

which possibly is an obsolete eye. Hairs on rest of dorsal

surface fairly numerous, but not placed close together ;

they are mostly of moderate length and are club-shaped,

the distal end being enlarged and plumose. Hairs on

venter numerous, bat not placed close together ; most of

them are much smaller than those on the dorsal surface,

and have the distal end plumose but uot distinctly en-

larged; hairs at the sides and hinder end large and club-

shaped, however. On each side of the vulva the integument

forms a large conical process. Plumose hair on second

segment of palp, slender, curved, and not very long,

Legs. Hinder legs not swollen, but they are longer than

the front ones. First coxa furnished with two long fine

hairs, which are not plumose. Coxe 2-4 each with two

short hairs, which are plumose distally (sometimes there

are three on the last coxa). There is a conspicuous club-

shaped hair on the dorsal surface of the femora of the legs,

and a similar but much smaller hair is present on the

anterior surface of the first femur.

Length of body *64 mm.; its width ‘61 mm.

Colour red wheu alive (in spirit yellowish).

Hab. Sydney (ii.16) and Narabeen, New South Wales

(14. xi. 15); specimens from Gymnodactylus platurus forming

part of Dr. J. Burton Cleland’s collection.

Geckobia indica, sp. un.

? — Body much wider than long. Sevtum transversely

elongated, being very much wider than long; its posterior

margin is divided into two rounded lobes by a distinct

indentation in the middle. A minute eye is present on

each side near the anterior margin. There are about

84-46 plumose hairs on the scutum, all of them being

quite short, especially the posterior ones. Similar hzirs

are present in the middle of the dorsum. Hairs at sides

_and posterior eud of moderate length, slender and blunt ;

apparently they are not plumose. Hairs of posterior tufts

of moderate length. Anterior hairs on venter very short

and indistinctly plumose. Hairs on rest of lower surface

long, slender and pointed. Hairs on second segment of the

palp quite slender and plumose. Legs. Posterior legs

longer than the anterior ones, but not much_ stouter.

Spurs on coxz well developed, being large and stout;

there is also a plumose seta on the trochanter and femur

140 Mr. S. Hirst on some

of the fourth leg, but these sete are much more slender

than the coxal spurs.

Length of body *24 mm. ; its width °375 mm.

Hab. Several specimens found under ventral scales of a

gecko (Hemidactylus gleadowi) from Upper Sind.

Geckobia papuana, sp. n.

2? .—Body much wider than long. Dorsum furnished with

numerous hairs. At the anterior end there are two groups,

each consisting of six stout plumose hairs, which are not very

long. Behind them there are numerous very short, pointed,

plumose hairs. Hairs at sides and hinder end of body of

moderate length, slender, and not distinctly plumose. Hairs

of posterior tuft long. Eyes present, but very minute and

inconspicuous. Hairs on venter numerous. Anteriorly

there is a number of very short plumose hairs or spinules.

The rest of the lower surface is densely furnished with

hairs, which are shaped rather like long narrow spear-heads,

being flattened dorso-ventrally and having the point long

and narrow. Last pair of /egs greatly swollen, the anterior

pairs comparatively slender. Coxze armed with stout spurs,

which are curved and plumose ; two spurs are present on

the second coxa, two on the third, and three on the fourth.

There is also a spur on the trochanter and femur of the

fourth leg, that on the femur being placed on a large

protuberance.

Length of body °34 mm. ; its width ‘5 mm.

Hab. Specimens found under ventral scales of a gecko

(Gymnodactylus louisiadensis) from German New Guinea.

Geckobia malayana, sp. un.

? .—Closely allied to G. papuana, sp. n. Body much

wider than long. Dorsum furnished with numerous hairs.

Two groups, each consisting of five rather stout plumose

hairs, which are not long, are situated at the anterior end of

the body, and they are followed posteriorly at a short interval

by a pair of similar hairs. Numerous very short plumose

hairs, which are pointed, are present in the middle area

of the dorsal surface. Hairs at sides and posterior end

long, slender, and apparently not plumose. There is a

minute but distinct eye on the outer side of the group

of stout plumose hairs. Hairs of the posterior tuft very

long and slender. Venter with numerous hairs. Imme-

diately behind the coxe there is a band of very short

new Mites living on Lizards. 141

pointed hairs or spinules; hairs on the remainder of the

ventral surface long and very slender. Legs of fourth pair

much larger and stouter than the others. There is the

usual number of spurs on the legs ; the one on the femur of

the last leg is not situated on a protuberance.

Length of body °28 mm. ; its width ‘49 mm.

Hab. Several specimens found on geckoes (Gymnodactylus

pulchellus) from the Jalor Caves, Malay Peninsula.

Geckobia boulengeri, sp. n.

? .—Body longer than wide and attaining its greatest

width some distance behind the middle. Scutum distinct

and almost triangular (wedge-shaped) ; the anterior margin

is slightly concave and strongly salient laterally. ‘Ten

plumose hairs are present on the scutum, all of them being

very short and stout ; six of these hairs are situated close

behind the anterior margin (almost forming a transverse

line), three being placed on each side. Posteriorly there

are two lateral hairs on each side, one being situated imme-

diately behind the other on the margin of the scutum. A

minute eye is present on each side on : the salient portion of-

the anterior margin. Numerous short plumose hairs are

present on the rest of thg dorsal surface, the anterior ones

being usually rather stout, blunt, and very short ; the others

are more elongated, however. Hairs at the sides and hinder

end of the body slender, fairly long, and blunt; apparently

most of them are not feathered. Hairs of the posterior

tuft long. Venter with very numerous contiguous hairs,

the anterior ones being short and plumose, the others of

moderate length, fine, and not feathered. Legs. Anterior

legs slender, those of the third pair considerably longer

and stouter ; whilst the fourth pair are also long and are

greatly swollen. Short stout spurs similar to thuse present

in G. papuana ete. are present on the proximal segments of

the legs.

Length of body ‘47 mm. ; its width °43 mm.

Hab. A number of examples found on a gecko (Gehyra

yunnanensis) from Yunnan Fu, China.

Geckobia socotrensis, sp. n.

2 .—Body wider than long. Scutum absent. Anteriorly

the dorsum is furnished with numerous very short plumose

hairs, which are slender, pointed, and subequal in length,

none of the anterior ones being enlarged. MHairs at sides

and posterior end of body only of moderate length and

142 Mr. S. Hirst on some

often sinuous ; apparently they are not plumose, Hairs on

venter flattened and scale-like as in G. loricata, Berl., but

much narrower and more elongated (spindle-shaped), and

sharply pointed posteriorly. Distal hair on second segment

of palp short, fairly stout, and plumose. Legs. Cox

furnished with the usual spurs, but they are biunt and

not nearly so strong as in G. loricata; trochanters also

with a short but rather stout seta. All the legs are of

approximately the same thickness, the posterior ones being

the longest.

Length of body *3 mm. ; its width -37 mm.

Hab. A few specimens found under axille of a gecko

(Pristurus rupestris) from Jena-Agahan, Socuotra.

Geckohia loricata, Ber).

Hab. I have examined specimens of this species found

under the ventral scales of specimens of Tarentola maure-

tanica from Lisbon and also from the Riviera.

Geckobia australis, sp. n.

2 — Body wider than long. Scutwm absent. Hairs on

the anterior two-thirds of the dorsum much more uniform

both in size and distribution than in G. loricata, Ber!.,

none of the front ones being enlarged, all being very short.

Posterior hairs on dorsum of moderate length and sometimes

plumose, but the feathering is rather difficult to see. Wentral

hairs flattened and scale-like, most of them being spindle-

shaped and pointed posteriorly ; the posterior ones are more

elongated, however. The hair on the dorsal surface of the

palp is stout and plumose. Posterior /egs longer and stouter

than the anterior pairs, those of the fourth pair being con-

siderably swollen. Coxal spurs large and curved ; there is

also a plumose seta on the posterior trochanters and on the

femur of the fourth leg.

Length of body *36 mm. ; its width *425 mm.

Hab. Several specimens found under ventral scales of a

gecko (Lygodactylus capensis), from Beira, Portuguese East

Africa.

Genus PimeviaPuitus, Tragardh.

Pimeliaphilus tenuipes, sp. n.

? —Body oval, being much longer. than wide. Scutum

triangular, the anterior margin almost straight, being very

slightly concave in the middle, the posterior end bluntly

new Mites living on Lizards, 143

pointed ; the scutum is furnished with six plumose hairs, a

transverse row of four hairs being situated on the anterior

margin ; the other two a little behind the middle of its

length ; these hairs are quite long, being slightly longer than

the scutum. Arrangement of hairs on dorsum the same

as in P. podapolipophagus, Trigardh, and P. insignis, Berl.

First of all, there is an outer hair on each side situated

on the same platelet as the eye, the latter being placed

in front of the hair. There are also four longitudinal rows

of slender plumose hairs, the outer rows each consisting of

two long hairs and a shorter posterior hair, the inner rows

each of three long hairs. On each side of the genital

opening there are two hairs of moderate length and also an

inner border of three short hairs. All these hairs on the

dorsal surface are slender and plumose, and their sockets

are not enlarged. Hairs on venter few in number; there is

a pair of short fine hairs between the last cox, followed

posteriorly by three pairs of plumose hairs. Integument

marked with a sculpturing of very fine wavy lines as in

P. podapolipophagus. Projecting portion of peritreme short.

Chelicera shaped very like that of the species of Geckobia,

the basal part being short, compact, well defined, and

strongly convex dorsally; the rest of the chelicera forming

a long slender style, which, apparently, is not bifid at the

end as in the two known species of Pimeliaphilus, but euds

in a single minute tooth or claw, which is slightly curved.

Palp short: the basal segment is salient laterally and has

a sharp prominent transverse ridge on its dorsal surface ;

second segment dorsally with a long slender plumose hair ;

the next two segments each with a shorter hair, which is

very fine and apparently not plumose. Legs long and

slender, and furnished with numerous fine plumose hairs.

With the exception of the last, each of the coxe has a pair

of short hairs, the inner hair being fine and not plumose,

the outer stouter and apparently plumose. There is also a

forwardly directed plumose hair on the anterior surface of

the third coxa.

Length of body °274 mm.; its width -22 mm.

Colour (in spirit). Body red, but whitish anteriorly and

marked with a pale central line both above and below.

appendages pale. :

Hab. A single example found on a gecko (Gonatodes

albogularis), from Honda, Magdalene River, Colombia.

144 Mr. 8. Maulik on Cassidinee and Bruchide from

IX.—Cassidine and Bruchids [Coleoptera] from the Sey-

chelles Islands and Aldabra. By S. Mavuix, B.A.

(Cantab.).

Tuts paper deals with the material of these groups obtained

by the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition, in 1908-9, in the

Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. Many of the results of

this expedition have been published in special volumes

of the Linnean Society’s ‘Trausactions’ (ser. 2, Zool.

vols. xii.-xvil.), in which series the writer of the present

paper has already reported on the Hispinz of the Seychelles

(vol. xvi. pp. 237-242, 1913).

Chrysomelide.

CASSIDIN &.

This subfamily is represented by two species—Hoplionota

lila, sp. n., and Aspidomorpha apicalis, Klug. The former

is allied to certain Madagascar species, the latter is known.

from Madagascar and Africa. The only member of the

group previously recorded from the Seychelles was Copto-

cycla leopardina, Boheman, known also from Madagascar

aud the Comoro Islands; but this was not obtained by the

Percy Sladen Trust Expedition.

Hoexrronota, Hope.

1. Hoplionota lila*, sp. n.

Quadrate, slightly narrowed behind; as seen in profile

very convex behind the middle, from the highest point

of the convexity a gentle slope towards the head and a

sudden decline towards the posterior extremity ; subnitid.

Head, antenne, prothorax with its lateral expansions, scu-

tellum, the elytral expansions, and the underside orange-red.

Eyes black. Basal half of elytra green, without coste,

apical half dark red. Elytra without spines or tubercles,

Length 5 mm. ; greatest breadth 4.5 mm.

Head not completely concealed under the pronotum,

dorsal surface slightly depressed between the eyes ; viewed

dorsally the vertex is bilobed and slightly projecting; the

antenne are situated under the lobes. Eyes oblong-ovate,

Antenne: joint 1 elongate and distally thickened, joint 2

* A Sanskrit word, used with reference to the green colour of the

elytra.

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra, 145

small and rounded, joints 3-6 elongate and more slender,

joints 7-1] form a dilated club which is covered with

brownish pubescence. Pronotum twice as broad as long,

front margin more or less serrated, lateral margins rounded ;

surface of disc uneven, impunctate ; the lateral expansions

with large and deep punctures, the centres of which are

more or less hyaline. Scutel/um triangular ; apex rounded,

Elytra: basal portion green, deeply and closely punctate,

centres of punctures red; the green portion of each elytron

is separated from the apical red portion by an oblique costa,

one end of which terminates in a swelling at the middle

of the lateral expansion, the other end joining with an

irregularly-branched costa on the apical red portion of the

elytron ; costz shining ; the apical red portion of the elytra

Hoplionota lila, sp. n.

has the suture raised and is deeply and closely punctate ;

elytral expansions sparsely and deeply punctate, centres of

the punctures more or less hyaline.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé; Cascade Estate, ca. 800 ft., 1909

(H. P. Thomasset).

Type in the British Museum : described from one example.

H. lila is related to H. thiemi, Weise, H. guerini, Weise,

and H. marginata, Boh., from Madagascar. All of these

are without elytral spines or tubercles, and also have the

basal portion of the elytra without any pronounced costa.

Hi. lila differs from all the others by (1) the orange-red

colour of the prothorax, scutellum, &c., (2) its larger size,

(3) the proportionately greater length of the antennz, (4) the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 10

146 Mr. S. Maulik on Cassidinsee and Bruchide.

greater sloping of the elytra from the highest convex point,

(5) the more pronounced character of the cost on the apical

portion of the elytra.

AspripomorpHa, Hope.

2. Aspidomorpha apicalis (Klug).

Cassida apicalis, Klug, Ins. Madag. 1833, p. 122; Boheman, Mon,

Cassid. 11. 1854, p. 257. -

Cussida decolorata, Boheman, Cat. Brit. Mus. ix. 1856, p. 144; id.

Mon. Cassid. iv. 1862, p. 547.

Cassida subeurop@a, Thomson; Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1896,

p- 19; Kolbe, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. xxvi. 1902, p. 584.

Var. lutea, Fairm., Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1896, p. 223; Weise, in

Voeltzkow, Reise in Ost- Afrika, ii. 1910, p. 504.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé; Cascade Estate, ca. 1000 ft.,

i.-ii.1909. Aldabra (teste Fairmaire and Kolbe). Known

also from Madagascar and widely spread in Africa.

The specimens from Mahé are all from cultivated land.

Several were found, together with a larva and a pupa, on

the leaves of sweet potatoes ([pomea batatas) in Jan. 1909.

After death most dried examples fade from green to a

uniform light yellow.

Cortocycia, Chevrolat.

8. Coptocycla leopardina, Boheman.

Coptocycla leopardina, Boheman, Mon. Cassid. iii, 1855, p. 255; id.

Cat. Brit. Mus. 1856, p. 175; Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxvii.

1893, p. 525; Alluand, Cat. Col. Région Malgache, 1900, p. 333.

Not obtained by the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition.

Toc. Seychelles (teste Fairmaire, /. c.). Madagascar,

Comoros.

Bruchide.

Apparently no member of this family has been recorded

hitherto from any of the islands under review. ‘Two species

were collected by the Expedition—one in Seychelles, the

other in Aldabra. According to Pic’s ‘Catalogue of Bru-

chide’ (1913), both are Oriental.

Pacuymervs, Thunberg.

Caryoborus, Schénherr.

4. Pachymerus gonager (Fabr.).

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, two specimens from Port Vic-

toria, xii. 1908. East Indies (Pic, Catalogue, p. 7). The

Mr, R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 147

British Museum contains specimens from Bombay, South

India, Ceylon, and Java. Lefroy (‘Indian Insect-Life,’

p. 351) states that this insect is common in India, the larva

living in the seeds, and the adult eating the leaves, of the

tamarind: he refers also to the description of the life-

history by Elditt (1860), who reared the beetle from pods

of Cassia.

SpseRmopuacus, Schénherr.

5. Spermophagus convolvuli (Thunberg).

Loc. Aldabra, xi. 1908 (Fryer), sixteen specimens, seven of

which are stated to have been bred from fruits of Mvolvulus

alsinoides, Linn. Pic’s Catalogue (p.59) records the species

from Ceylon, South Russia (introduced), aud doubtfully

from South Africa.

X.— Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.— XXVI. On the

Genus Homonotus, Dahlb. By Rowianp E. Turner,

E25. is.

Family Psammocharide.

Genus Homonorus, Dahlb.

Homonotus, Dahlb. Hymen. Europ. i. p. 35 (1843) (nec p, 441, 1845).

Wesmaelinius, Costa, Prosp. men. Ital. ii. p. 46 (1887).

Hemisalius, Saussure, Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, xx. p. 315 (1892),

This genus is poor in species, but has a wide range in the

Old World, though apparently absent from America. It

may be distinguished by the convex head, strongly hollowed

behind ; the clypeus prolonged and covering the mandibles ;

the long and somewhat flattened median segment, emarginate

at the apex and with the apical angles produced into stout

spine-like processes ; by the bifid tarsal ungues ; and by the

cubitus of the hind wing originating beyond the transverse

median nervure. Second and third joints of the flagellum

subequal, short. The neuration of the fore wing in the

genus is variable, both in the proportion of the second and

third cubital cells and in the length of the submedian cell,

but the first recurrent nervure is received before the middle

of the second cubital cell. As in many genera of the family

there is a group of identical structure with only two cubital

cells, the second transverse cubital nervure being abseit.

The species I have not seen are marked *, 5

10’

148 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera.

Homonotus sanguinolentus, Fabr.

Sphex sanguinolenta, Fabr. Entom. Syst. ii. p. 211 (1793).

Salius dorsalis, Sm. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xii. p. 255 (1878). 9.

This is the type of the genus and occurs throughout

Europe, also ranging as far as Kastern Siberia. Though

the thorax and median segment are usually red in the female,

much variation exists in this respect, the female sometiines

having the thorax and median segment wholly black.

Homonotus ariadne, Cam.

Pompilus (Ferreola) ariadne, Cam, Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc.

(4) iv. p. 462 (1891).

Hab. N.K. India; 8. India; Ceylon; Tenasserim.

* Homonotus albistylus, Sauss.

Hemiswius albistylus, Saussure, Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, xx.

p. 315 (1892). 9.

Hab. Madagascar.

Evidently very closely allied to ariadne, having the same

nervure at the base of the first cubital cell.

FHomonotus exulans, Turn.

Pedinaspis exulans, Tarn. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 338 (1910). 2.

I doubt if this is more than a geographical race of the

Indian Homonctus ariadne, Cam., but the spines at the apical

angles of the median segment are distinctly longer and more

acute in Australian specimens.

flab. Mackay and Kuranda, Queensland; February to

June.

Homonotus nudiventris, Turn.

Pedinaspis nudiventris, Turn, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 389 (1910). 9.

This differs from exulans in the colour of the wings and

nervures, and in the much shorter and blunter spines at the

apical angles of the median segment.

Both species and also H. ariadne, Cam., have the submedian

cell of the fore wing as long as the median, not a little

shorter as in the Kuropean 4. sangutnolentus, Fabr. The

first cubital cell is also pointed at the base, projecting towards

the base of the wing a little beyond the basal nervure, in this

also differing from sanguinolentus.

Hab, Mackay, Queensland ; October.

This may prove to be a seasonal form of evulans,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 149

Hemonotus egyptiacus, Rad,

Wesmaelinius egyptiacus, Rad, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscou, p. 478

(1888). 3.

A male in the British Museum from Uganda answers well

to the description, but has the greater part of the femora, as

well as the tibiee and tarsi, ferruginous; the apex of the

abdomen is red from the middle of the third segment. With

this I associate a female from North Riodesia in which the

legs are black, the calcaria whitish, and the abdomen xed

from the base of the third segment. The submedian cell in

this species is slightly longer than the median.

Hab. Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon, 6000 ft., Uganda

(S. A. Neave), August; 70 miles west of Kariba Gorge,

N. Rhodesia (Silverlock), June.

I assume that this is the species described by Radosz-

kowski, being the only species of the genus with similar

colouring known to me. I have, however, seen a species

more nearly allied to Planiceps in which the three apical

segments of the abdomen are red in the female ; but this has

a short clypeus and the tarsal ungues are bidentate near the

base, and I do not think it can have been mistaken for a

Flomonotus. It was taken at Harar.

Fomonotus nurse, sp. n.

@. Nigra; mandibulis fusco-ferrugineis; antennis fuscis, subtus

fusco-testaceis ; clypeo apice, tegulisque testaceis ; pedibus fuscis ;

tarsis pallide ferrugineis, articulo basali basi, calcaribusque

albidis ; alis hyalinis, venis basi testaceis, apice fuscis.

Long. 4-6 mm.

?. Clypeus produced over the mandibles, very broadly

rounded at the apex ; second and third joints of the flagellum

subequal. Front strongly convex, temples very narrow, the

eyes nearly reaching the hind margin of the head. — Posterior

ocelli very far apart, about four times as far from each other

as from the eyes. Pronotum scarcely longer than the meso-

notum, much broader than long, narrowed anteriorly. Median

segment emarginate posteriorly, the apical angles produced

into stout and rather blunt spines. First and second ab.do-

minal segments about equal in length, the basal half of the

second dorsal segment rather thinly covered with very short

grey pubescence. The longest calcar of the hind and inter-

niediate tibie a little longer than the basal joint of the tarsi.

First cubital cell narrowly rounded at the base; submedian

cell a little shorter than the median; third abscissa of the

radius longer than the second; first recurreut nervure

150 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera.

received at about one-third from the base of the second

cubital cell, second just before the middle of the third cubital

cell. Cubitus of the hind wing originating beyond the traus-

verse median nervure.

flab. Deesa, W. India (Nurse) ; April.

This is a smaller species than albocalcaratus, Rad., and has

the third cubital cell longer than the second, not shorter as

in that species ; the colour of the antennz and tarsi is also

different.

Homonotus albocalcaratus, Rad.

Wesmaelinius albocalear atus, Rad. Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscou, p, 472

(1888). 9g.

A single male in the British Museum from Karachi

(Comber) corresponds fairly well with the description, but

the wings are hyaline, not infuscate, and the clypeus is

broadly rounded at the apex, not subemarginate ; but I am

inclined to look on the latter as a sexual difference,

Hab. Orenburg ; Caucasus ; Siberia.

* Homonotus caucasicus, Rad.

Wesmaelinius caucasicus, Rad. Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscou, p.472 (1888),

= es

Hab. Caucasus.

* Flomonotus transcaspicus, Rad.

Wesmaelinius transcaspicus, Rad. Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. xxvii. p. 60

(1893). 9.

Hah. Merv.

* Homonotus steini, Schulz.

Homonotus afinis, Stein, Berlin. ent. Zeit. iii. p, 68 (1869) (nec Pome

puus affins, Ky.= H, sangwnolentus, Fab.).

Pompilus steini, Schulz, Spolia Hymen, p, 168 (1906),

Hab. §.K. Hungary,

Doubtfully distinct trom sanguinolentus.

* Homonotus coste, Tourn.

Wesmaelinus coste, Tourn, Entom. Genev. i. p. 156 (1889). 9 ¢.

Pompilus wettsteint, D, T., Cat. Hym. viii. p. 336 (1897).

Hab. Sicily.

Subgenus GILBERTELLA, nov.

Differs from L/omonotus in having only two cubital cells,

the second transverse cubital nervure being absent.

Type of the subgenus, Planiceps umbraticus, Turn,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 151

Homonotus ( Gilbertella) umbraticus, Turn.

Planiceps umbraticus, Turn. Proc, Zool. Soc. London, p. 337 (1910). Q.

The second cubital cell is very long, receiving the re-

current nervures near the base and near the apex. As in

other Australian species of Homonotus, the base of the first

cubital cell emits the stump of a nervure into the median cell.

The submedian cell is a little shorter than the median.

Calcaria of the intermediate and hind tibiz very long, slightly

exceeding in length the basal joint of the tarsi.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland; January and February.

Homonotus (Gilbertella) disparilis, sp. n.

3. Niger; antennis subtus, tibiis anticis intermediisque subtus,

tarsisque fusco-ferrugineis; calcaribus albidis; alis fusco-

hyalinis, venis nigris.

Long. 5 mm,

&. Clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, covering

the mandibles ; second and third joints of the flagellum sub-

equal; front shining, moderately convex. Posterior ocelli

about twice as far from each other as from the eyes ; temples

very narrow. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly, scarcely as

long as the mesonotum ; median segment a little longer than

broad, emarginate at the apex, the apical angles produced

into long stout spines. Second abdominal segment a little

longer than the first; the two apical ventral segments

strongly compressed laterally. The longest calcar of the hind

and intermediate tibie not quite as long as the basal joint of

the tarsus ; hind tibie moderately spinose ; tarsal ungues

rather feebly bifid near the apex. ‘Two cubital cells; the

second abscissa of the radius twice as long as the first;

the recurrent nervures received at one-quarter from the base

and at one-quarter from the apex of the second cubital cell ;

second transverse cubital nervure received just before the

middle of the radius. Submedian cell distinctly longer than

the median; cubitus of the hind wing originating far beyond

the transverse cubital nervure.

Hab. Mlianje, Nyasaland (8. A. Neave) ; May.

The second cubital cell is much shorter than in umbraticus

and the recurrent nervures are received much nearer together.

In umbraticus the second transverse cubital nervure is

received just before two-thirds from the base of the radius,

The spines at the apical angles of the median segment are

longer in this species than in any other known to me.

152 Mr. O. Thomas on

XI.—Notes on the Species of the Genus Cavia.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genus Cavia ranges from Venezuela and Guiana in the

north of South America to the pampas of Buenos Ayres

in the south, and extends across the whole breadth of the

continent, from Peru to Pernambuco.

Any examination of the species that exist in this area, and

their correct names, has been rendered very difficult by the

occurrence of such widely different specimens in the same

areas, on which account I have long hesitated to attempt to

work out this puzzling group. Definite cranial characters

seemed almost non-existent, and one appeared to be reduced

to distinguishing the local forms purely by average differ-

ences of size and shades of colour in a group where there is

not a great range in either.

On taking up the subject afresh, however, I find that one

character, observed by Lund in 1838, but overlooked ever

since, detinitely and sharply separates the smaller Brazilian

species from the larger ; and then, these smaller forms being

laid on one side, the whole problem immediately becomes

simplified.

This character is the possession by Cavia fulgida, the

smaller Brazilian cavy, of a deep outer re-entrant angle or

notch at the front end of the posterior lobe of 3 *, this angle

being quite shallow in the larger forms. This notch is so

deep and well defined that there is practically never any case

where one is doubtful as to the allocation of an individual

skull.

When writing about the group in 1901 T, I recognized

Cavia fulgida (under the name of rufescens) by its smaller

size, but, not knowing of the tooth-character, I erroneously

made the small Argentine “ quiso ” a subspecies of it. Now,

however, it is evident that there is no special relationship

between the two.

Taking first the ordinary species without the extra molar

notch, and going from north to south on the Eastern non-

Andean part of the continent, we have in Guiana

* Figured by Lund, K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. viii. pl. xxv. fig. 15,

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vill. pp. 532-584 (1901).

the Species of the Genus Cavia. 153

Cavia guiane, Thos.

C. porcellus yuiane, Thos. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. p. 152

(1901) ;

and in Venezuela

“ Cavia porceilus venezuel@,” All. Bull. Am. Mus. xxx. p. 250°(1911),

whose distinction from guiane appears most doubtful.

As regards guiune, the original statements about its

characters were largely influenced by the fact that at that

date the few available Brazilian specimens «included both

aperea and what we now know to be the quite distinct

species fulgida, Asa matter of fact, gudane has practically

the same colour as the real aperea, but is distinguished by

its smaller size, the largest of three full-grown. shells onl

measuring 63 mm. in length *, with length of bulla +

11°38: mm. and upper tooth-row 14, The skull is pro-

portionately rather broadly built, with unusually developed

postorbital projecting ledges.

Specimens are in the British Museum from the Kanuku

Mountains, Berbice, and the Moon Mountains, all in British

Guiana.

Putting aside the Cav/a porcellus of Linneus, based on

the Cavia coboya of Marcerave, the domesticated guinea.

pig, to which the name should be restricted, we next have

Cavia aperea, Erxl.

Cavia aperea, Erx]. Mamm. p. 348 (1777) (based on the “ Aperea’’ of

Marcgrave, Bras. p. 223, 1648).

Anema hilaria, Geotf. N. H. Mamm. (fol.) ii. text to pl. 282 (1820).

Cavia leucopyga, Brandt, Mem, Ac. Petersb. 1835, p- 436, pl. xvi.

Size largest of the genus. General colour grizzled

brownish grey, not the clearer or more olivaceous grey of

the Argentine forms. Below dull whitish or drabby whitish,

a clear white spot generally present on the middle line of the

chest just behind the brown collar.

The largest of the available skulls measures no less than

73 mm. in total length, while the average of half a dozen

from Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo is 68°7 mm. in total length,

bulla 11-9, tooth-row 15°5. ‘lhe hind foot in adults varies

from 45 to 50 mm.

* The skull-length is here always taken from the tip of the nasals, and

may sometimes be slightly exceeded by a slanting length from occipital

to gnathion.

+ Measured from-the notch in front of the paroccipital process directly

forwards, parallel with the axis of the skull, not to the antero-internal

angle, which ends in an irregular point,

154 Mr. O. Thomas on

Range from Pernambuco to S80 Paulo; inland to Minas

Geraes. Specimens in Museum from Bahia (Zoological

Society) ; Rio Jordao, Minas Geraes (Robert); Alambary

and Ypanema, Sao Paulo (Robert) ; and Victoria, So Paulo

(Hempel). Recorded by Lund from Lagoa Santa.

The Paraguayan cavy is so similar to C. aperea that I

should probably not have distinguished it, but, as it has a

name, it may provisionally stand as

Cavia aperea azare.

Cavia azare, Wagn., Schr. Siiug., Supp. iv. p. 63, footnote (1843).

Colour, as represented by fresh skins, very much as in

true aperea or rather more olivaceous; size averaging

slightly less, though individual specimens overlap. Averages

of four skulls in greatest length 65°38 mm.; bulla 12:4;

tooth-row 14°9. The bulle would, therefore, appear to be

rather larger, but the number of specimens is not enough to

indicate this with certainty.

Hab. Paraguay. Several specimens from Sapucay (W.

Foster).

Next southwards from C. aperea, in the province of

Parana, a special form was discovered by M. Robert, which

may be described as follows :—

Cavia rosida, sp. n.

Size less than in C. aperea, greatest length of skull about

62 mm. General colour saturate, comparatively dark, nearly

as much so as in C, fulvida. Upper surface grizzled

‘‘ mummy-brown ” ; median area of back heavily blackened

with long blackish piles, especially posteriorly, the middle of

the lumbar region being nearly black. ‘The blackening is,

however, variable and occasionally almost absent. Under

surface dull cinnamon-buff, the hairs pale grey basally ;

usual throat-markings scarcely distinguishable, the inter-

ramia buffy, the usual dark collar overlaid with dull buffy,

and the white chest-patch either absent or reduced to a small

spot. Inner side of limbs like belly.

Skull, as compared with that of C. aperea, smaller and

with conspicuously shorter and slenderer muzzle—in fact, the

skull, apart from the muzzle, is scarcely or not smaller than

that of aperea, the difference in the whole length being

almost entirely due to the reduction of the rostrum. Post-

orbital projections not heavily developed. Bullee fairly large.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 395 mm. ; hind foot 46; ear 20.

the Species of the Genus Cavia. 155

Skull: greatest upper length 62; condylo-incisive length

58 ; zygomatic breadth 35; nasals 19°7 x 8°5 ; interorbital

breadth 12°6; breadth of parietals across brain-case 24°5 ;

diastema 17:4; bulla 12-2 x9°3; upper tooth-series 14°6.

Hab. Serra do Mar, Eastern Parana. Type from Roga

Nova. Alt. 1000 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 3.7.1.96. Original

number 831. Collected 6th September, 1901, by Alphonse

Robert. Six specimens.

This cavy of the Serra do Mar is readily distinguishable

from C. aperea by its dark colour, blackish back, buffy belly,

reduced chest-markings, aud by the short and_ slender

muzzle of its skull. In the lowlands of the same region, at

Morretes (10 m.), M. Robert found a representative of the

C. fu'gida group.

Next comes the well-known quiso of the Argentine and

Uruguay :—

Cavia pamparum, Thos.

Cavia rufescens pamparum, Thos. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii.

p. 538 (1901).

Allied to C. aperea, but smaller; the skull usually about

62-63 mm. in length when adult. Colour as in aperea, but

distinctly more greyish or olivaceous, less brown. Under

surface whitish or slightly drabby, the chest-pattern well

marked.

Skull shaped as in aperea, but smaller ; the muzzle of the

same general proportion, not reduced asin C. rosida.

Range from Corrientes and Uruguay southwards to

Southern Buenos Ayres. Specimens in Museum from “ 20

miles north of Corrientes” (Zurner Henderson); Goya,

Corrientes (2. Perrens) ; Maldonado (Darwin); La Plata

(Thomas) ; Los Yngleses, Ajé, Buenos Ayres (EZ. Gibson)

and Bonifacio, 8.W. Buenos Ayres (2. Kemp).

All the specimens from the above considerable range agree

very closely with each other in size and colcur, no geogra-

phical variation being observable. ‘lwo of Mr. Gibson’s Ajé

specimens, however, out of seven are abnormally larger than

the others, with decidedly larger skulls; but these appear

more or less diseased, and it is possible that they represent an

‘infusion of domestic guinea-pig blood, although there is no

colour indication of this, The other specimens of the same

lot are quite like the ordinary quiso. The size of the bulla

is a little variable, two of the Bonifacio series having this

12:1 aud 11 mm. in length, that of the type being 11°7.

156 Mr. O. Thomas on

Passing now to the cavies of the Andean countries, Peru

and Bolivia, we have first to identify Cavza cutler/, Bennett,

the earliest name connected with that region.

The type-specimen, with imperfect skull, is in the British

Museum—no. 53. 8. 29. 2,—and I have carefully examined

it and compared it with the other material in the collection.

It is a melano, and on this account its colour.has never been

able to be used for purposes of identification, while, although

called a “ Peruvian ecavy,” its original locality has always

been doubtful.

The conclusion I come to is that it isa domesticated guinea-

pig— Cavia porcellus, L.,—its skull being too large for any

Peruvian wild species, while it is closely matched by examples

of C. porce/lus, among which, of course, black specimens are

by no means infrequent.

With this troublesome name removed, the ordinary

Peruvian cavy should bear the name of

Cavia tschudii, Fitz.

Cavia cutleri, Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, p. 195 (1845).

Cavia tschudit, Fitzinger, SB. Ak. Wien, lvi. pt. i. p. 154 (98 in sepa-

rates) (1867).

with type-locality Ica, on the coast, where Tschudi saw the

specimens he described.

‘he species is comparatively small, the skull about 58 to

62 mm. in length, and with small bullae. In colour it is

coarsely grizzled cinnamon, buffy or greyish, and the under-

side varies from strongly buffy to nearly white.

These variations appear to indicate four subspecies, as

follows :—

Cavia tschudii atahualpe, Osgood.

Cavia atahualpe, Osgood, Field Mus. Publ. x. p. 98 (1913).

Size fairly large, the bullz larger than in the more southern

forms. Colour dark, “evenly grizzled cinnamon and

blackish, the bases of the hairs dark drab followed by two or

more annulations of cinnamon and blackish”; back, and

especially rump, with numerous longer black hairs ; under

surface more or less cinnamon or buffy. Length of type-

skull 60 mm.

Hab. N. Peru: Cajamarca.

No Peruvian cavies that I have seen have more than one

light annulation on the hairs; but, even if there is no mistake

in the observation, I should not consider it sufficient reason

the Species of the Genus Cavia. 157

to distinguish the North-Peruvian cavy specifically from

C. tschudii, in view of its general agreement in size and other

characters.

Cavia tschudit umbrata, subsp. n.

Size as in atahualpe. Colour greyer throughout, the light

rings on the hairs whitish instead of cinnamon or buffy.

Median area of back blackish, the darkening being effected

not by overlaying with long black hairs, as in atahualpe and

rosida, but by the reduction of the light rings on the hairs,

these being often barely 1 mm. in length, while those in the

other subspecies are about 2-4 mm. as is usual. Bases of

hairs pale slaty. Under surface soiled drabby, the belly and

submaxillary lines of this colour ; collar and middle line of

chin greyish brown. Hands and feet pale brown, lighter

on digits.

Skull of average proportions, the bulle longer than in the

two following subspecies.

Dimensions of the type :—

Hind foot 42 mm. ; ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 60; condylo-incisive length 58 ;

greatest breadth 57:7; nasals 20°58; diastema 18:2 ;

bulla 11°8x 95 upper tooth-series 13.

Hab, Junin, Central Peru. Type from Incapirca, Zezioro.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 94. 8.6. 23. Collected

20th June, 1890, by J. Kalinowski.

This Junin subspecies agrees with atahualpe by its

darkened back, rather larger size, and larger bullee, as com-

pared with the two more southern forms that follow. From

atahualpe it differs in general colour very much as pam-

parum differs from aperea, and also in the details of the dorsal

dai kening.

Cavia tschudii tschudii, Fitz.

General colour fairly dark, strongly grizzled, the light

rings on the hairs buffy or ciunamon. Under surface more or

less strongly buffy. Median area of back not darkened.

Skull-length about 59-61 mm.; bull rather smaller than

in the previous subspecies, 10°1-10°9 mm. in length.

Range. Middle Peru, from Iga to Cuzco.

The type-locality is Ica, and a specimen from Tambo, on

the coast opposite Arequipa, agrees so precisely with the

description as to be undoubtedly the same form. Four

specimens from Urubamba, Cuzco, collected by O. Garlepp,

agree absolutely with that from Tambo, while three from

Lia Raya Pass, collected recently by K. Heller, are rather

158 Mr. O. Thomas on

greyer and more or less intermediate between this subspecies

and the next; they are, however, all immature.

Cavia tschudit pallidior, subsp. n.

Similar in general characters to tschudii, but colour much

lighter, the pale rings on the hairs a paler buffy, and the

under surface a pale creamy buff approaching whitish.

Collar a paler grey. Hands and feet buffy whitish, a little

browner proximally.

Skull as in tschudit.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 242 mm. ; hind foot 24; ear 29.

Skull: greatest length 59:5 ; condylo-incisive length 54;

zygomatic breadth 33°5; nasals 20°3 x 8:7 ; diastema 16°6 ;

bulla 10°2 x 8; upper tooth-row 14.

Hab. Arequipa. Type from 2500 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no.0. 10. 1. 85. Original num-

ber 1023. Collected 31st May, 1900, by P. O. Simons.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Six specimens.

Distinguished from tschudit by its lighter coloration

throughout.

Cavia nana, sp. n.

A pigmy cavy, conspicuously smaller than any other

species of the group.

Size very small, skull-length only about 52 mm. Colour

about as in C. tschudit pallidior, the light rings on the hairs

buffy or pale cinnamon ; no darkening along the median

area of the back. Under surface creamy whitish, the grey

collar well marked. Hands and feet pale brown.

Skull about as in C. tschudii, but conspicuously smaller.

Bulle especially small.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 215 mm.; hind foot 38 ; ear 23.

Skull: greatest upper length 52; condylo-incisive length

47; greatest breadth 29°5 ; nasals 17°5x 7:5; interorbital

breadth 10°5; breadth of brain-case 22; diastema 13:7;

bulla 9°5 x 7°53 upper molar series, crowns 11°8, alveoli 12-5.

Hab. Highlands of Bolivia. Type from Chulumani,

Yungas, 2000 m. Another specimen from tle Desaguadero

River (J. B. Pentland).

Type. Adult female. B.M.no.1.6.7.59. Original num-

ber 1363. Collected 16th February, 1901, by Perry O.

Simons. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Four specimens

in all.

the Species of the Genus Cavia, 159

This remarkable little cavy furnishes a good example of

the difficulty of distinguishing young specimens from old

in this group ; for, in spite of the fairly close survey of the

collection always kept up, no one has previously noted that

Mr. Pentland’s specimen, received sixty-six years ago, is

fully adult, and it is only on the general examination of the

group now made that I have found this out, and am able to

give Mr. Pentland the credit for a very interesting discovery.

‘The first scientific explorer of the Titicaca plateau, he sent

home quite a number of interesting specimens, but, of course,

had not been instructed as to the proper preservation of data.

On this account I have chosen one of Mr. Simons’s three

specimens as the type. These were erroneously called

C. aperea in my accouut of the latter’s Bolivian collection.

In proof that the specimens are full grown, I may note

that the type has its basilar suture closed, while Mr. Pent-

land’s specimen has already the tell-tale sagittal crest charac-

teristic of old individuals.

Lastly, we have the Brazilian species with the deep notch

on the outer side of m3 already referred to. ‘There appears

to be only one species of this group, whose name and

characters are as follows :—

Cavia fulgida, Wagler.

Cavia fulgida, Wagler, Isis, xxiv. p. 512 (1831) ; Wagn., Schr. Siug.,

Supp. iv. p. 59 (1843) (redescription of type).

Cavia rufescens, Lund, K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. viii. p. 282 (1841).

Cavia nigricans and “ Kerodon obscurus, Licht.,” Wagn., Schr. Saug.,

Supp. iv. p. 64 (1843),

Size comparatively small, greatest skull-length rarely

attaining 60 mm. Colour rich dark grizzled brown ; under

surface deep buffy or ochraceous, dulled by the greyish

bases of the hairs showing through to a variable extent.

Last upper molar with a deep indentation on its outer side

at the anterior end of the posterior lobe.

Range from Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, to Santa Cathe-

rina ; type said to have been obtained on the “ Amazonian”

journey of Spix *, but the species is not known to occur on

the Amazon.

* Spix’s other explorations were mostly in the region inhabited by the

species I now call C. fulgida, and some error probably crept in as to the

particular trip on which it was collected. Or, with the loose geography

of the time, all his Brazilian journeyings may have been spoken of as

“ Amazonian.” Wagner expressed certainty as to the identity of fulgida

and rufescens, and there appears to me no doubt about it.

160 Bibliographical Notice.

Specimens in Museum from Minas Geraes (Zool. Soc.

Museum); Engenheiro Reeve, Espiritu Santo (A. Robert) ;

Rio Janeiro (Capt. Milner and L. Hardy du Drenenf) ;

Cruzeiro and Piqneté, Sao Paulo (Robert) ; Moretes, Parana

(Robert) ; Humboldt (Larhardt) and Joinville (Behr), Santa

Catherina.

A very distinct species, readily recognizable by its peculiar

m*®, In colour it is not unlike Cavia rostda, but has uot the

special darkening on the back.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Africin Freshwater Fishes,

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Paris, and Luxemburg.

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has grown during the last thirty years or so may be gathered from

the fact that in 1880 only 255 species were known. Ten years

ago this number had increased to 974. In the present catalogue

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XI. Notes on the Species of the Genus Cavia. cs Onprieup

THOMAS —

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‘ [Plate VI.]

Tue material reported upon in the present paper forms part

of the collections made by the Percy Sladen Trust Expedi-

tions of 1905 and 1908-9 in the Seychelles and other islands

of the Western Indian Ocean*. The twenty-six species of

Heteromerous Coleoptera enumerated belong to eight

families, the Monommide, Cistelide (= Alleculid), Melan-

dryidee, (idemeridz, Anthicide, Pedilidz, Xylophilide, and

Mordellide. The Tenebrionide (at present in the hands

of Herr Hans Gebien) are not included. The collections

examined illustrate the abundance of certain Cdemerids,

Xylophilids, and Mordellids (Mordellistena) in the- islands

and the presence of two peculiar Melandryid genera in

the Seychelles. A first set of the material, including the

types of all new forms, will be placed in the British

Museum.

* Many results of this Expedition have been published in a special

series of volumes of the Linnean Society’s ‘ Transactions’ (ser. 2, Zool.

vols, xii—xyii.).

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. > Bh

nian ingéis,

ans? mel,

162 Mr. G. G. Champion on Coleoptera from

List of Species.

Fam. Moncmmide. Fam, Anthicide.

1.. Monomma pruinosum, sp. 0. 11. Anthicus oceanicus, Laf. ©

Fam. Pedilide.

Fam, Cistelide (=ALLECU- on

LID#). 12. Eurygenius fragilicornis, sp. B.

13. 3 eonvericollis, sp. 0.

2. Cacoplesia viriditincta, sp. 1.

3. 4 couilipes, Sp. 1. Fam. Xylophilidz.

14. Xylophilus torticornts, sp. 2.

Fam. Melandryide. 14. a6 clavicornis, 8p. 0.

fc Pa ei G, ; seychellarum, sp. N.

A, Stictodrya (gen. nov.) longi- : y pe

_ _pennis, sp. 0. : Fam. Mordellide.

5. Mycteromimus (gen. nov.) t- a ie

sularis, sp. D. 17. *Mordella brauert, Kolbe.

18. 4 peregrinator, sp. M.

19. M6 disparilis, sp. 0.

Fam, C&demeride. 20. Mordellistena mahena, Kolbe.

21. 5 degressa, sp. N.

6. Oavacis grisescens, Fairm. 22. 5 partilis, sp. 1.

7. 5, lineola, Fairm. 23) = colee, sp. n.

8. Ananca aldabrana, sp. N. 24, e septemcarinata,

9, 5 seabripennis, sp. Nn. sp. D.

10. » submaryinata, sp. 1. | 25. a3 dirempta, sp. 2.

| 26, 5 argutula, Sp. Ws

Fam. Monommide.

MonomMa.

Monommea, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. ii. p. 215 (1840).

1. Monomma pruinosum, sp. n.

Elliptic, rather broad, feebly shining, nigro-piceous or

black, at most obsoletely rufo-variegate, the reddish colora-

tion sometimes becoming more distinct along the lateral

and apical margins of the prothorax, towards the sides of

the elytra before the apex, and on the humeri beneath, the

autennal club, the palpi, and the legs in part also rufescent ;

somewhat thickly clothed above with minute, fulvous,

adpressed, squamiform hairs, which are condensed into a

small patch on each elytron at the base. Head densely

punctate. Prothorax rounded at the sides anteriorly, closely,

finely punctate, the anterior angles arcuately produced, the

hind angles subrectangular. Elytra transversely gibbous

* Not represented in the collections made by the Expedition.

the Seychelles Islands and Alabra. 163

‘before the middle, with rows of somewhat closely placed,

rather coarse, shallow punctures placed in fine shallow striae,

the punctures becoming coarser and less approximate and

the striz obsolete on the gibbous portion of the disc, the

interstices minutely punctate throughout, moderately convex

towards the sides and apex, and almost flat on the disc.

Beneath closely, finely punctate, the punctures on the

anterior and lateral portions of the metasternum coarse and

scattered ; prosternal process moderately broad, the marginal

earine parallel; fifth ventral segment with a very deep,

bisinuate, transverse sulcus extending across the middle

from the outer margin, interrupted in the centre by a

dentiform backward prolongation of the anterior portion of

the segment.

Length 51-6}, breadth 3!-34 mm.

Loc, Aldabra: Takamaka, x.-xi. 1908 (Fryer).

Kleven specimens, almost certainly including the two

sexes. Near M. irroratum, Kiug, from Madagascar, but

smaller; the vestiture finer and more scattered, not con-

densed into two well-defined densely punctate spots on the

disc of the prothorax (well shown in Klug’s figure) ; the

prothorax more finely punctate; the elytra less dilated at

the sides below the humeri, the humeri more aeute, the

seriate punctures smaller and shallower, the dentiform back-

ward prolongation of the basal portion of the fifth ventral

segment narrower and extending to very near the apex,

Fam. Cistelide (=Alleculide),

CACoPLESIA.

Cacoplesia, Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlii. p. 237 (1898).

The two species provisionally referred to this genus have

the penultimate joint of the tarsi lobed and the tibial spurs

small, as defined by Fairmaire.

2. Cacoplesia viriditincta, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 1, ¢.)

Oblong-oval, moderately elongate, subopaque, subglabrous,

fusco-testaceous, more or less suffused with green or golden-

green, the head and prothorax being almost entirely of this

colour, the elytra more dilute, the antenne and legs testa-

ceous or obscure testaceous. Head closely, finely punctate,

the epistoma separated from the front by a shallow

groove; eyes large, prominent, slightly smailer in ?,

separated by less than the width of one of os as seen

164 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

from above; last joint of maxillary palpi rather narrow,

elongate-triangular; antenne slender, long in g, shorter

in ?, joints 3-11 subequal in length, 3-10 feebly subserrate.

Prothorax transverse, rather small, arcuately narrowing from

a little behind the middle to the apex, the base broadly sub-

truncate, the hind angles obtuse; the punctuation fine and

sparser than on the head, the interspaces alutaceous. Elytra

much wider than the prothorax, moderately elongate, sub-

parallel in their basal half in ¢@, a little widened posteriorly

in @; deeply crenato-striate. the punctures closely placed,

the interstices convex throughout and very sparsely, finely,

irregularly punctate. Aldeagus of ¢ long, tapering, abruptly

bent at some distance before the slender tip.

Length 74-84, breadth 3-35 mm. (3 ?.)

Loc. Aldabra: Esprit Island, xii. 1908 (Fryer).

Five specimens, the two males having the aedeagus pro-

truding. Allied forms occur in Madagascar, and it is just

possible that the present species may be referable to one of

them. It has the upper surface obviously less shining than

in C. micans, Kiug, cerulans and ceruleovirens, Fairm., &c.,

to judge from the descriptions of those insects.

3. Cacoplesia annulipes, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 2, 3.)

Oblong-ovate, convex, the head and prothorax opaque,

the rest of the surface shining; head, prothorax, and coxe,

and the basal joint of the antenne in immature examples,

obscure ferruginous, the rest of the antennz black, the

elytra brown, the legs testaceous, with the knees, and some-

times the apices of the tibiz also, black ; very finely pubes-

cent, the elytra almost glabrous. Head small, densely,

rugosely punctate, the epistoma confused with the front ;

eyes small, strongly transverse, rather prominent, somewhat

distant from the base of the head; last joint of maxillary

palpi small, subtriangular; antenne extending to beyond

the middle of the elytra, joint 2 small, 3 and 5 equal, 4

slightly longer, 5-10 gradually becoming shorter and stouter,

11 ovate, shorter than 10. Prothorax transversely convex,

short, nearly twice as wide as the head, rounded at the sides,

a little more narrowed in front than behind, subtruncate

at the base, the hind angles obtuse; densely, rugulosely

punctate. Elytra convex, moderately long, about one-half

wider than the prothorax, narrowing from the middle, the

humeri rounded; crenato-striate, the punctures closely placed,

the interstices convex, faintly punctulate. Beneath closely,

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 165

finely punctate. Fifth ventral segment with a shallow trans-

verse depression before the apex.

Length 33-4, breadth 14-12 mm. (¢.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé.

Four specimens, apparently all males, from the damp

endemic mountain-forests above Cascade Estate and in the

Mare aux Cochons district (between 1000 and 2000 feet).

This species has the legs coloured as in Plesia geniculata,

Klug, from Madagascar. It will doubtless have to be

removed from Cacoplesia, on account of the small head and

eyes, the small apical joint of the antenne, the convex

general shape, &c. It can hardly be referred to Allecula,

a genus at present including many heterogeneous forms.

Allied insects inhabit Borneo.

Fam. Melandryida.

STICTODRYA, gen. nov.

Head short, small, obliquely narrowed immediately before

the very large prominent eyes and parallel-sided behind

them, the epistoma not separated from the front; labrum

strongly transverse; mandibles small; maxillary palpi

rather stout, the apical joint triangular; antenne very

short, slender, subserrate towards the tip; prothorax trans-

verse, without trace of marginal carina, the base feebly

bisinuate, with distinct foveee; scutellum small; elytra

elongate, much wider than the prothorax, subparallel,

without trace of striz, the punctuation uniform, the epi-

pleura not reaching the apex; anterior cox contiguous,

the cavities open behind ; intermediate coxe well separated;

intercoxal process of abdomen narrow, triangular; ventral

segments rather long, the sutures almost straight ; tibial

spurs minute; tarsi with penultimate joint and the one

preceding it lobed beneath, the former broad, the claws

feebly developed and appendiculate ; body elongate, de-

pressed, the integument rather soft, variegated with lighter

and darker. pubescence.

Type, S. longipennis.

This genus seems to be best placed near Thisias and

various Other forms provisionally referred by me to Melan-

dryide.

The structure of the mandibles cannot be seen in the

unique example obtained. The narrow, immarginate, basally

foveate prothorax, elongate, subparallel, uniformly punctate,

166 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

fasciate elytra, smaller eyes, &c., separate Stictodrya from

Mycteromimus. Fairmaire’s Melandryid-genus Diegoa, from

Madagascar, is compared with Marolia, and it cannot, there-

fore, be very nearly allied to the Seychelles insect.

4. Stictodrya longipennis, sp.n. (Pt. VI. fig. 3, J.)

3. Moderately shining, piceous, with a faint zneous lustre,

the antenne and legs testaceous ; variegated above with

very fine, adpressed brownish and flavo-cinereous pubescence,

the latter condensed into dense patches on the prothorax

and elytra, forming irregular interrupted fascize on the

latter; the head, prothorax, and scutellum densely, finely

punctate, the puncturing of the elytra a little more diffuse.

Head convex, transversely depressed in front, the post-

ocular portion about one-third the length of the eyes

antenne reaching the base of the prothorax, very slender,

joints 8-10 gradually decreasing in length, 2 short, stout,

3 about twice as long as 2,9 and 10 triangular, 11 short-

ovate. DProthorax transverse, a little wider “than the head

with the eyes, the sides rounded anteriorly and parallel

behind, the dise obliquely depressed on each side, the small

basal foveee polished. LElytra about four times the length

of the prothorax, the humeri somewhat oblique in front.

Ventral segments ]—5 closely, finely punctate, simple.

Length 53, breadth 2 mm,

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé.

One specimen, beaten from dense forest-vegetation of

“Capucin ”-trees (Northea), Roscheria-palms, &c., on the

summit of Morne Pilot, over 2000 feet, xi. 1908.

MycrrRromimus, gen. nov.

Head short, obliquely narrowed before the eyes, the

epistoma not separated from the front; eyes very large,

reaching the anterior margin of the prothorax ; labrum

strongly transverse; anteunz short, slender, the outer

joints subserrate, 11 short-ovate, simple ; mentum strongly

transverse ; apical joint of maxillary palpi stout, elongate-—

triangular; mandibles acute at tip, toothed towards the apex

beneath ; prothorax short, closely applied to the elytra, bi-

sinuate at the base, distinctly margined to near the apex

at the sides beneath ; scutelium small; elytra much wider

than the prothorax, oblong, without trace of striz, the

sculpture consisting of intermixed minute and larger punc-

tures, the epipleura not reaching the apex; anterior coxe

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. _ 167

small, contiguous, the cavities open behind and closed by

the mesosternum ; intermediate coxz narrowly separated ;

intercoxal process of the abdomen rather narrow, triangular ;

ventral segment 5 simple in both sexes, 2 with a pubescent

tubercle in ¢ ; tibial spurs minute; tarsisparsely pubescent

on their lower surface, penultimate joint broad and lobed

beneath, the claws appendiculate ; body oblong-oval, densely

pubescent.

Type, M. insularis.

The single species from which the above characters are

taken is nearly related to the holarctic genus Mycterus,

some of the members of which have a non-rostrate head; but

it differs from these latter in the still shorter head, the greatly

developed eyes, the elongate-triangular apical joint of the

maxillary palpi, the small scutellum, &c. An unnamed

insect from Madagascar (represented by two broken examples

in the British Museum) is still more closely allied to the

Seychelles insect.

5. Mycteromimus insularis, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 4, 2.)

Moderately convex, shining, zeneo-piceous, the legs, mouth-

parts, and antennz (except the intermediate joints in mature

examples) testaceous ; densely clothed with pale brownish

or brownish cinereous pubescence (which almost hides the

sculpture), that on the prothorax transversely arranged ;

the entire surface densely, minutely punctate, with scattered,

irregularly placed, slightly coarser punctures intermixed,

these latter giving an asperate appearance to the elytra when

the vestiture is removed. Antenne with joint 3 about

twice as long as 2, 3-10 gradually becoming shorter and

subserrate, 9 and 10 subtriangular, 11 short-ovate. Pro-

thorax strongly transverse, the sides rounded anteriorly and

parallel at the base. LElytra about four times the length of

the prothorax, the humeri rounded.

3. Ventral segment 2 somewhat gibbous in the middle

anteriorly and at this place bearing a small, fulvo-pubescent

tubercle. :

Length 4-64, breadth 2-24 mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Seychelles : Silhouette, Mahé.

Twelve specimens, only obtained by beating from the

growing leaves of one species of endemic palm (Stevensonia

sechellarum) in the mountain-forests: Silhouette, above

Mare aux Cochons, over 1000 feet, ix. 1908; Mahé, near

Morne Blanc, and above Cascade Estate, in both cases at

about 1000 feet. The insect is probably pulverulent in Jite

168 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

like its Palearctic allies. The European Mycterus curcu-

lionoides F., has a similar tuft of hairs on the second ventral

segment in the male.

Fam. Edemerida.

One species of this family is quoted by Kolbe as having

been recorded from the Seychelles by Fairmaire in 1893,

but no name was given ; the insect in question is doubtless

one of those subsequently described by the French author *.

OXxAcIs.

Oxvacis, Leconte, New Species Coleopt. p. 165 (1866); Leconte &

Horn, Class. Coleopt. N. Am. p. 405 (1883); Champion, Biol.

Saad Coleopt. iv. 2, p. 149, and Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1896,

p. 39.

The insects placed under this genus have the mandibles

uncleft at the apex, the right one, at most, with a short

tooth before the tip. Amongst the ten species of Ananca

recorded by Fairmaire from Madagascar or the Seychelles

two, at least, A. grisescens and A. lineola, belong to Oxacis

as here understood, and Lagria livida, F. (selected by

Semenow as the type of Sessinia, Pasc.), from Tahiti, is

congeneric with it. Fairmaire notes the extreme rarity of

the males of some of these Gidemerids.

6. Oxacis grisescens. (Text-fig. 1, g genital armature.)

Ananca grisescens, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xli. p. 119 (1897).

Elongate, robust, pale testaceous, the eyes and the tips of

the mandibles black, subopaque, the anterior portion of the

head shining, thickly clothed with very fine pallid pubes-

cence. Head above and between the eyes densely, finely

punctate, the punctuation becoming coarser and diffuse on

the auterior half, the epistoma rather long; eyes very large;

left mandible simple, right mandible toothed before the tip ;

antennee nearly as long as the body in @, a little shorter

in ?, joint 3 distinctly longer than 4, 11 shorter than 10

and feebly constricted at the middle. Prothorax oblong-

subcordate, densely, finely punctate, obsoletely, interruptedly

canaliculate down the middle, the shallow groove terminating

in a deeper, transverse, foveiform depression before the base,

the dise transversely flattened or depressed towards the apex,

* Fairmaire also mentions (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1893, p. xcix) a Can-

tharid and a Rhipiphorid from the Seychelles, but no names are given.

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 169

without definite foveee. Elytra elongate, subparallel in their

basal half, closely, extremely finely punctate, obsoletely

bicostate on the disc from the base to beyond the middle.

6. Sixth (hidden) ventral segment divided into two long,

inwardly curved, sinuous, concave, forcipiform lobes, the

small seventh segment very deeply emarginate, a long, slender,

pilose rod extruding from the emargination ; edeagus ex-

tremely elongate, slender, thickened at the tip, lateral lobes

long, ciliate, arising from a common stem, which is abruptly

bifurcate from a little beyond the middle. (Text-fig. 1.)

Oxacis (A nanca) grisescens, Fairmaire, §. Gen. armature.

Length 10-12 mm. (4 ?.)

Loc. Seychelles : Mahé Silhouette, Praslin, Félicité,

Bird Island (1905 and 1908-9); Round Island (Mus. Brit.).

The specimens were all found at or near the coast, never in

the endemic forests of the mountains.

Fifteen examples seen, including a ¢ from Round Island,

received by the British Museum in 1870. The very fine

close puncturing of the uppersurface, the long third antennal

joint, the form of the mandibles, and the generally robust

body, distinguish O. grisescens from the allied insects occur-

ring in the Seychelles, whence Fairmaire’s type was obtained.

It is the only one to which his brief description applies.

7. Oxacis lineola.

Ananca lineola, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxix. p. 453 (1895).

Elongate, shining, finely pubescent ; pale testaceous, the

170 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

eyes and the tips of the mandibles black, the prothorax

with a narrow median vitta and an oblong spot on each side

(the vitta sometimes interrupted and the spot wanting), and

the head in some specimens with a spot between the eyes,

fuscous, the elytra fuscous, with the suture, three uarrow

lines on the dise (the outer one fainter and abbreviated

anteriorly), and the Jateral margin more broadly, pale testa-

ceous, the ventral surface and metasternum in part infuscate.

Hiead moderately produced auteriorly, very finely punctate ;

eyes large, separated by more than the width of one of them

as seen from above; mandibles uncleft at the tip ; antennz

long, joint 3 longer than 4, 4-10 decreasing in length, 11

longer than 10 and feebly constricted at the middle. Pro-

thorax longer than broad, moderately constricted behind the

middle, transversely depressed anteriorly and also hollowed

in the centre before the base; the surface polished, very

finely punctate, with an indication of a smooth median line.

Elytra much wider than the prothorax, somewhat attenuate

posteriorly, closely, very finely punctate, without definite

coste.

¢@. Fifth ventral segment excavate down the middle before

the apex.

Length 7-10 mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Aldabra (1908, Fryer). Madagascar (Mus. Brit.).

Four specimens, one only of which (a ? ) is from Aldabra,

apparently referable to A. lineola, Fairm., the type of which

was from Madagascar.

ANANCA.

Sessinia, Pascoe, Journ. Ent. ii. pp. 45, 488 (1863) (nomen nudum),

Ananca, Fairmaire et Germain, Ann, Soc, Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 267.

Copidita, Leconte, New Species Coleopt. p. 164 (1866) ; Champion,

Biol. Centr-Am., Coleopt. iv. 2, p. 144, and Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1896, p. 40.

This genus differs from Owacis in having both mandibles

cleft at the tip. No type was given by Pascoe for Sessznda

and his name cannot be accepted. The five species referred

to Ananca by Fairmaire and Germain were all from Chile ;

the first of these, Nacerdes pallens, Sol., which must be taken

as the type, proves to have bifid mandibles, and the name

Ananca, therefore, must be adopted in place of Cojidita,

used by me elsewhere.

8. Ananca aldabrana, sp. n.

Elongate, luteo- or fulvo-testaceous, the eyes and the tips

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 171

of the mandibles black, subopaque, the head shining, thickly

clothed with rather coarse pallid pubescence. Head mode-

rately produced in front, the epistoma rather long, coarsely,

closely punctate; eyes large; mandibles each bifid at the

tip ; antennz not reaching the apex of the elytra, joints 3

and 4 subequal in length, 11 feebly constricted at the middle.

Prothorax considerably longer than broad, subcordate,

narrow, densely, coarsely, subconfluently punctate, broadly

depr essed and subfoveate on each side of the disc anteriorly.

Elytra long, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, somewhat

convex, closely, finely, scabroso-punctate, each with two

distinct coste on the disc and another near the outer margin,

all three extending from the base to near the apex.

¢. Sixth (hidden) ventral segment divided into two

narrow, curved, concave, forcipiform lobes, the corresponding

dorsal segment similarly shaped; sdeagus long, rather

stout, gradually widened towards the tip, the latter rounded,

lateral lobes very long, slender, and feebly curved.

Leng h 8-12 mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Aldabra (1908-9, Fryer). Seychelles: Round

Island (Mus. Brit.).

Found in abundance at Aldabra, in several parts of the

atoll. In the British Museum there are also two females

aud a male of the same species from Round Island. Very

few males are contained in the long series before me; three,

however (including the one from Round I.) have been

identified, and their genital armature examined. ‘The bifid

mandibles, the densely, rather coarsely punctured, dull, sub-

hifoveate, narrow prothorax, and the finely punctate, more

distinctly costate elytra, readily separate A. aldabrana from

Oxacis (Ananca) grisescens, Fairm. A. (Sessinia) andrewst,

Arrow, from Christmas Island, under which two species

were confused by the author, has the terminal joint of the

antennz almost divided into two, the head much smoother,

the prothorax non-foveate, and the elytra sharply bicostate

on the dise, with the rest of their surface very finely, closely

punctate.

9. Ananca scabripennis, sp. n.

(Text-fig. 2, d genital armature.)

Sessmia andrewst, Arrow, Monogr. Christmas Isl, p. 107 (1900)

(25 neces):

Elongate, testaceous or obscure testaceous, the eyes and

the tips of the mandibles black, subopaque, the head and

prothorax shining, finely pubescent. Head moderately

172 Mr. G. C. Cliaampion on Coleoptera from

produced in front, sparsely, rather coarsely punctate, the

punctures becoming more crowded towards the base ; eyes

large, separated by about the width of one of them as seen

from above ; mandibles each bifid at the tip ; antennz nearly

as long as the bodyin g,, shorter in ? , joints 8-10 decreasing

very slightly in length, 11 slightly longer than 10 and feebly

constricted at the middle. Prothorax longer than broad,

narrow, subcordate, rather sparsely, moderately coarsely

punctate, the disc excavate on each side of the middle

anteriorly and also in the centre before the base, appearing

trifoveate. Elytra long, closely and rather coarsely scabroso-

punctate, each with two faint coste on the disc and another

near the outer margin.

6. Sixth (hidden) ventral segment divided into two,

curved, concave, comparatively short lobes ; edeagus mode-

rately long, gradually narrowed at the apex, the long

narrow tegmen divided into two slender, acuminate pro-

cesses (lateral lobes) from about the middle. (Text-fig. 2.)

Fig. 2.

Ananca scabripennis, Champion, g. Gen. armature.

Length 8-10 mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette, Praslin (1905,

1908-9). Christmas Island (Mus. Brit.). ‘The examples

from the Seychelles were all taken near the coast, not iu

the endemic mountain-forests.

‘'welve specimens, apparently all females but one. Various

female examples from Christmas Island placed by Arrow

under his Sessinia andrewsi doubtless belong to this species.

They differ from his type (¢,not ¢ as stated) in having the

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 173

elytra roughly sculptured and obsoletely costate, the pro-

thorax subtrifoveate, the apical joint of the antennz feebly

constricted, &e.

10. Ananca submaryinata, sp. n.

6. Moderately elongate, narrow, depressed, shining,

finely pubescent ; pale testaceous, the tips of the mandibles,

the eyes, an oblong spot on each side of the prothorax, and

an evanescent submarginal stripe on each elytron (extending

from the humeral callus to beyond the middle), black or

piceous ; the entire upper surface closely, very finely punc-

tate. Head slightly produced anteriorly ; mandibles each

bifid at the tip ; eyes large, separated by considerably more

than the width of one of them as seen from above ; antennz

slender, extending to a little beyond the middle of the elytra,

joints 3-5 subequal, 6-11 distinctly shorter, 11 feebly con-

stricted. Prothorax longer than broad, subcordate, slightly

hollowed on each side of the disc anteriorly and also in the

middle towards the base. LElytra comparatively broad,

moderately elongate, subparallel, faintly bicostate on the

disc for about three-fourths of their length, the punctuation

a little finer and more diffuse than that on the prothorax,

ideagus (as seen completely everted) long, bisagittate at

the apex, the outer portion of the sheath also sagittate and

divided at the tip into two slender acute processes ; lateral

lobes widely separated from the base, extremely elongate,

slender, and ciliate.

Length 7 mm.

Loc. Aldabra : Takamaka, xi. 1908 (Fryer).

One male. A rather slender form, with a spot on each

side of the prothorax and a submarginal streak on each

elytron infuscate, the eyes widely separated, the upper

surface shining and finely punctate, the mandibles bifid at

the tip.

Fam. Anthicide.

ANTHICUS.

Anthicus, Paykull, Fauna Suecica, i. p. 253 (1798).

A cosmopolitan genus represented in all parts of the

world.

174 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

1]. Anthicus oceanicus.

Anthicus oceanicus, Laferté, Monogr. Anthic. p. 170; Fairm., Rev. et

Mag. Zool. 1849, p. 452; Pic, Ann. Soc, Ent. France, 1894, p. 6C8 ;

Alluaud, Hist. Madag., Coleopt. p. 487 ; Kolbe, Mitteil. Zool. Mus.

Berlin, v. p. 27.

Loc. Seychelles: Bird Island, vi. 1908 (Fryer). Mar-

quesas ; ‘Tahiti; Polynesia.

Three specimens are before me from Bird Island ; this is

one of two small coral-islands situated on the north of the

Seychelles Bank, but which have neither the peculiar flora

nor any of the physical features characteristic of the other

islands of the group. Recorded by Pic as having been found

in numbers by M. Ch. Alluaud in the Seychelles in April,

1892, beneath seaweed on the coast.

Fam. Pedilide.

Lurygenius, Laferté, Monogr. Anthic. p. 1 (1846).

The known species of this genus are mostly from North

or Central America ; two from Madagascar, however, have

been described by Fairmaire, one from Japan by Lewis, one

from E. Africa and another from Bengal by Pic, one from

the Nilgiri Hills by myself, and one from E. Africa by

Kolbe.

12. Eurygenius fragilicornis, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 5, 2.)

Elongate, narrow, somewhat shining, zneo-piceous or

piceous, the anterior portion of the head rufous, the basal

joint of the antennz, the mouth-parts (the tips of the man-

dibles excepted), the humeri, femora, and the tibiz in part

or entirely, testaceous ; somewhat thickly clothed, the legs

and antenne included, with rather long, semierect, pallid

pubescence. Head densely, rugulosely punctate, obliquely

narrowed behind the eyes, the latter extremely large,

rounded, very feebly emarginate in front, coarsely facetted ;

mandibles entire; maxillary palpi with terminal joint stout,

securiform, the two preceding joints angulate within ;

antennz about half the length of the body, a little shorter

in 2, very slender, joints 3-10 elongate-obconic, subequal

in length, 2 shorter than 3, 11 slightly longer than 10 and

constricted beyond the middle. Prothorax narrower than

tlie head (with the eyes), transversely orbicular, the narrow

neck-like anterior portion rather long, the entire surface

densely, rugulosely punctate. LElytra elongate, much wider

the Seychelles Islands and Aldubra. . We

than the prothorax, parallel in 2? , broader at base and some-

what attenuate in ¢ ; closely set with subseriately arranged,

coarse, oblong, foveiform punctures, the narrow interspaces

minutely punctate and here and there transversely confluent.

6. Femora stouter than in 9, the hind tibize more

curved ; fifth ventral segment unimpressed, simply truncate

at tip.

Length 6, breadth 14 mm. (¢ ?.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé.

One pair, taken (4. 11. 1909) on the precipitous slopes of

the peak of Morne Seychellois at an elevation of about

2000 feet ; the specimens were obtained by sweeping a dense

low growth of native ferns and shrubs (Melastoma, Rubus,

Senecio sechellensis, &c.), among which were occasional

Roscheria-palms and other small trees. The coarsely and

closely foveato-punctate elytra separates the present species

from the Madagascar forms. ‘The single representative

from the adjaceut island of Silhouette cannot be treated as a

variety of it. .

13. Eurygenius convericollis, sp. n.

g. Elongate, rather narrow, opaque, the elytra and under

surface somewhat shining ; nigro-piceous, the epistoma and

scutellar region rufescent, the two basal joints of the antenne,

the mouth-parts (the tips of the mandibles excepted), femora,

aud tarsi in part, testaceous ; somewhat thickly clothed, the

antennee and legs included, with rather long, pallid, coarse,

semierect pubescence. Head, palpi, and eyesas in Z. fragili-

cornis, the antenne a little shorter and stouter, about as

long as in ? of that species. Prothorax distinctly broader

than the head (with the eyes), much narrowed behind.

Elytra broader than in E. fragilicornis, narrowing from the

base, the narrow interspaces between the subseriately

arranged foveiform punctures more rugose, giving a dull

appearance to the surface. Legs stout, the posterior tibize

feebly curved. Fifth ventral segment broadly hollowed

down the middle, truncate at the apex.

Length 6, breadth 13 mm.

Loe. Seychelles: Silhouette, viii. 1908.

One male example.

Fam. Xylophilide.

XYLOPHILUS.

NXylophilus, Latreille, Fam. Nat. Régne Anim. p. 383 (1825).

A genus almost cosmopolitan in its distribution. Three

176 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

species are represented in the Seychelles collection, all of

them apparently being fairly common insects in the Islands.

Mr. Scott notes that “ many of them were swept from grass

and other low-growing vegetation.”’ So far as known, they

are wood-feeders in their earlier stages. Owing to their

extreme fragility, very few of the specimens obtained are

in good condition, Upwards of a dozen species have been

described from Madagascar, three from Mauritius, one from

Bourbon, &e.

14. Xylophilus torticornis, sp. n.

(Pl. VI. figs. 6 ¢, 7 ¢ antenna.)

Rather short, moderately shining, very finely cinereo-

pubescent, black, the tips of the tarsi, and sometimes that

of the eleventh antennal joint also, reddish. Head short,

together with the eyes broader than the prothorax, finely

punctate; eyes moderately large, occupying nearly the whole

of the sides of the head, feebly emarginate, distant ; antennze

(fig. 9) moderately long, closely setose, somewhat twisted,

stout, joints 2 and 3 short, 4-10 broad, perfoliate, very

strongly transverse, 6-8 wider than the rest, 11 stout, ovate,

about as long as 9 and 10 united. Prothorax trausverse,

convex, rounded at the sides, closely, rather finely punctate,

bi- impressed on the dise posteriorly. Elytra much wider

than the prothorax, subparallel in their basal half, closely, -

rather coarsely punctate, obliquely depressed on the disc

below the base. Legs short; posterior femora moderately

thickened, obsoletely sulcate beneath ; basal joint of pos-

terior tarsi slightly curved.

Var. a. Duller, the punctuation denser and coarser,

Var. 8. Shining, the punctuation more scattered than in

the type.

Length 1-1} mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette [type]; Mahé [var. a] ;

Praslin [var. 8].

Kighteen specimens—twelve of the form from Silhouette

selected as type, two of the var. a from Mahé, and four of

the var. 8 from Praslin, three of these much ‘smaller than

the rest. The examples from Silhouette were found in the

forest near the Mare aux Cochons plateau, ix. 1908; the

two from Mahé are from high elevations in the forests of

Morne Blane and the Mare aux Cochons district; those

from Praslin were collected on Cétes d’Or Estate, xi. 1908.

The females appear to have the antenne a little less widened

and the eyes rather smaller than in the males. A species

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. Lite

recognizable by the somewhat twisted antenne, due to the

joints 6-8 being more dilated than those preceding or

following.

15. Xylophilus clavicornis, sp. n.

(Pl. VintiesGe)

Rather short, feebly shining, piceous or nigro-piceous, the

tarsi, the bases of the tibiz, and the antennal joints 2-9 and

the tip of 11 testaceous ; the prothorax and elytra in fresh

specimens variegated with sharply defined, irregular patches

of very fine grey pubescence (tending to form an interrupted

median and subapical fascia on the elytra), the rest of the

vestiture brown. Head short, together with the eyes broader

than the prothorax, densely, finely punctate; eyes large,

occupying nearly the whole of the sides of the head, distant,

almost entire; antenne rather short, sparsely setose, joints

2-8 each longer than broad, 2 nearly as stout as 1, 3 more

slender, 4—8 scarcely stouter, 9-11 wider than those pre-

ceding, 9 transversely subtriangular, 10 broader, strongly

transverse, 11 stout, acuminate-ovate, about as long as 9

and 10 united. Prothorax transverse, convex, somewhat

rounded at the sides, densely punctate, and with an inter-

rupted arcuate depression on the disc before the base.

Elytra much wider than the prothorax, slightly rounded at

the sides, densely, rather coarsely punctate, feebly depressed

on the disc below the base. Legs short ; posterior femora

moderately thickened, obsoletely suleate beneath; basal

joint of posterior tarsi feebly curved.

Length 1-1} mm. mea)

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé, Praslin.

Found in profusion in Silhouette and Mahé, sparingly on

Praslin. Most, if not all, of the specimens are from the

mountain-forests, from a number of different places and

elevations : one was taken from a rotten and fungus-grown

fallen trunk of the endemic ‘‘ Bois Rouge”? (Wormia ferru-

ginea). Many of these examples are now in bad condition,

very few having the cinereous markings intact. Recogniz-

able by the slender, nigro-clavate antenne, with stout second

joint, the variegate legs, and the densely punctured, cinereo-

maculate surface. The antenne seem to be a little shorter

in the females. The variegate vestiture of the elytra is

common to many species of the genus. The beautiful ex-

ample figured was accidentally injured by the artist after

the drawing was completed and finally corrected.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 12

178 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

16. Xylophilus seychellarum, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 8, 3.)

- Rather short, moderately shining, nigro-piceous or piceous,

the base and tip of the antenne, the palpi, the base of the

prothorax in the middle in some examples, the humeri or

base of the elytra, and the legs testaceous, clothed with a

fine sericeous pubescence. Head skort, together with the

eyes much wider than the prothorax, finely punctate; eyes

large, occupying almost the whole of the sides of the head,

separated anteriorly by about half the width of one of them

in 6, more distant in ?, feebly emarginate; antenne (2 )

finely pubescent, long, slender , joint 2 short, 8-10 moderately

elongate, becoming gradually shorter and wider, 9 and 10

subtriangular, 11 stouter, obliquely acuminate, nearly as

long as 9 and 10 united, (2) similar, but much shorter.

Prothorax convex, broader than long, parallel-sided at the

base, closely, finely punctate, with au interrupted arcuate

depression on the disc behind. Elytra convex, rather short,

at the middle about twice as wide as the protiorax, slightly

rounded at the sides; closely, moderately coarsely punctate,

obliquely depressed on the disc below the base. Legs rather

long, slender; posterior femora moderately incrassate,

simple in both. sexes ; basal joint of posterior tarsi feebly

curved.

Length 14-1} mm. (4 2.

Loe. Seychelles : Silhouette, Mahé.

Most of the examples were collected in the Fomretes but

in Silhouette at least one was taken in the low country.

Highteen specimens, varying a little in colour, immature

examples having the elytra paler. In this species the

antenne are moderately elongate in ¢,shorter in 2 , slender

and very gradually widened outwards to the stouter apical

joint in both sexes. The type of coloration is common to

many members of the genus, some of which have peculiarly

formed posterior femora in @.

Fam. Mordellide.

Morbet.a.

Mordeila, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1. p. 420 (1758).

17. Mordella braueri.

Mordella braueri, Kolbe, Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Berlin, y. p. 27.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé (Brauer).

This insect is described as deep black and albo-maculate ;

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 179

the prothorax with six spots—two, semilunate, on the ante-

rior portion and four, confluent, near the base; the elytra

with four spots—one sub-basal, median, one submarginal,

posthumeral, one subsutural, a little before the middle, and

one anteapical. “It is compared with the Asiatic M. com-

posita, Walk., and the African M. elegans, Mak.

The unique example known measures 14 mm. in length.

18. Mordella peregrinator, sp. n.

(PEV Ts fie, es)

Robust, elongate, cuneiform, deep black, the anterior coxe,

the anterior femora in part, and the palpi testaceous, the an-

tenn often fuscous, with the base testaceous ; clothed with

black and whitish or cinereous pubescence, which is con-

densed into the following sharply defined markings :—'The

head with a large patch on the middle of the vertex, and the

prothorax with an interrupted median vitta and a large tri-

angular mark on each side of it, infuscate or black, for the rest

whitish, cinereous, or flavo-cinereous; the elytra with three

strongly angulate narrrow fascize—one sub-basal, irregularly

branching forwards (enclosing an oblique oval spot on the

disc, an oblique humeral streak, a common postscutellar

patch, and sometimes a small spot on each side of it), and

one a little before aud another just beyond the middle, these

two connected along the suture—and a broader, simply

arcuate, transverse fascia just before the apex, whitish or

cinereous, for the rest black ; the ventral segments at the

base or laterally, the side-pieces of the metasternum, and

the pygidium in great part above, also white. Antenne

slender, moderately long in g, shorter in ¢, joint 2 shorter

and stouter than 3, 3-11 nearly equal in length, 5-10

serrate ; last joint of maxillary palpi greatly developed, very

broadly securiform, nearly as wide as the inter-antennal

portion of the head in both sexes. Prothorax broader than

the head and elytra, deeply bisinuate at the base, rounded

at the sides. Elytra long, narrowing from the base. Py-

gidium very long, compressed, acute at tip. Ventral segment

5 holiowed down the middle posteriorly in ¢. Auterior

femora and tibiz simply pubescent in both sexes.

Length (excl. head) 64-83, to tip of pygidium 83-11};

breadth (prothorax) 24-3i mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette; Round I. Java; Borneo;

Singapore ; Philippines; Malacca; Ceylon, &c.

One 2 specimen from Silhouette (Mare aux Cvochons,

ix. 1908). This is apparently a common species in. Borneo,

12s

180 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

Ceylon, &c., but it cannot be identified from any of the

published descriptions. There is a long series of it in the

British Museum from many differeut localities ; and Mr.

Bryant has recently captured numerous examples in Borneo.

M. miata, F., from New Guinea &c., is an allied form, and

an unnamed insect from the Andaman Is. in the Museum

collection is, perhaps, a variety of the present species.

M. composita, Walk., has very different elytral markings.

19. Mordella disparils, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, rather narrow ; black, the head

(except a large transverse patch on the vertex, which is

sometimes wanting), mouth-parts, joimts 1-3 of the antenne,

the sides of the prothorax broadly, the elytra each with an

oblique stripe extending from the shoulder to near the

suture and a curved or oblique fascia just beyond extending

narrowly backwards along the suture to near the tip (the

latter sometimes nearly or quite obsolete, or represented by

yellowish pubescence), the anterior cox, femora, and tibie,

the intermediate tibiz, the extreme base of the posterior

tibiz, and the calcaria testaceous or rufo-testaceous ; varie-

gated with cinereous, flavo-cinereous, and fuscous pubescence,

the flavo-cinereous hairs mostly placed on the fasciate

portions of the surface, the vestiture of the under surface

almost wholly cinereous. Antenne moderately long, slender,

joints 2 and 3 very short, equal in length, 4-11 much longer

than broad, subserrate. Terminal joint of maxillary palpi

rather stout, subtriangular. Prothorax transverse, a little

broader than the elytra, rounded at the sides. Elytra nar-

rowing from the base. Pygidium about as long as the

posterior tarsi. Anterior femora beneath, and anterior tibie

at the base within, fusco-ciliate.

?.: Similar to g, but with the head, prothorax, and

intermediate femora infuscate, the antennz a little shorter,

the anterior femora and tibiz without longer hairs.

Var. The oblique elytral fasciz connected along the

middle of the disc.

Length (incl. pygid.) 32-41 mm. (Jd 2.)

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé.

Eleven examples; the six from Silhouette were taken in

the high forest above Mare aux Cochons and in the low

coconut-planted country near the coast at Pointe Etienne,

ix. 1908; the five from Mahé were collected in the forest at

the summit of Morne Pilot, over 2000 feet, in the Mare aux

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 181

Cochons district at about 1500 feet, and in the forest above

Cascade Estate.

The eleven specimens vary in the development of the

oblique testaceous elytral fasciz, the posterior one being

sometimes obsolete and in one example (?) united to the

anterior one. The dissimilarly coloured sexes were obtained

in each island. M. biformis, from Central America, and the

European Mordellistena abdominalis are parallel cases of

sexual dimorphism. MM. disparilis (2) seems to be related

to M. homochroa, Fairm., from Diego Suarez, but without

comparison of types it would be unsafe to identify it with

that insect. The variety with confluent fasciz was found in

a burrow in a stick in the jungle at Silhouette.

MorDELLISTENA.

Mordellistena, Costa, Kaun. Regn. Napol., Mordellid. pp. 16, 31 (1854),

A genus of world-wide distribution and abundantly repre-

sented within the tropics. One species from the Seychelles

has been described by Kolbe and three from Madagascar by

Fairmaire. Mordella castanea, Boh., {rom Guam, and various

others from the adjacent regions referred to Mordella by the

older authors may belong here. Mr. Scott’s collections

include about two hundred specimens, belonging to seven

species. One of these insects was bred from larve found

in the wood of Colea pedunculata. Vhe appended table will

help in the identification of these closely allied forms. The

sexes have been identified in nearly every case by an exami-

nation of the genitalia of one or more examples of each

species. The antennal structure is completely ignored by

nearly all authors, presumably owing to difficulties of

manipulation :—

Tibial and tarsal formula—4 or 5, 3 or 4, 2, 2;

body uniformly coloured.

Fourth antennal joint as lorg as fifth ...... mahena, Kolbe,

Fourth antennal joint much shorter than fifth. degressa, sp. n.

Tibial and tarsal formula—4, 5, 2, 1; head in

3S 2, and prothorax also in ¢, testaceous or

rufo-testaceous; elytra cinereo-bifasciate .. partilis, sp. n.

Tibial and tarsal formula— 3, 3, 2,0; fourth an-

- tennal joint short ; body uniformly coloured,

fusco-castaneous, robust .........-...... cole, sp. D.

Tibial and tarsal formula—3, 2, 2,0; fourth an-

tennal joint short.

Body uniformly coloured, fusco-castaneous,

ferruginous, or testaceous above.

Antennal joints 5-11 elongate .......... septemcarinata, sp. n.

“182 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

Antennal joints 5-11 not much longer than

road 5... 2.252% ssshone eee ee dirempta, sp. 0.

Body black, griseo-pubescent; head partly

tostAccoUs IN O's) <u = sheen e s Tee argutula, sp. n.

20. Mordellistena mahena.

(Text-fig. 8, posterior leg.)

Mordellistena mahena, Kolbe, Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Berlin, v. p. 28 (1910).

Moderately elongate, cuneiform, rather narrow ; casta-

neous or fusco-castaneous, thickly clothed with greyish-

brown pubescence. Antenne filiform, very long in 6,

shorter in 9, joints 1 and 2 shorter than 3, 3 in & about

one-third, and in 2 one-half, the length of 4, 4-11 equal in

length. Apical joint of maxillary palpi stout, securiform.

Fig. 3.

Mordellistena mahena, Kolbe. Posterior leg.

Pygidium long, acuminate, as long as hind tarsus. Poste-

rior tibiz with 4 or 5, first joint of posterior tarsi with 3 or

4, and the second and third joints each with 2, oblique

ridges.

Length (incl. pygid.) 833-45 mm. (¢ ?.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Long Island, Round Island.

Félicité, Marie Anne.

This species was originally taken in Mahé by Brauer;

the Seychelles Islands and Aldubra. 183

several examples were obtained by Mr. Scott in the same

island in x. and xi. 1908 near Morne Blanc, not in the highest

forests, but between 500 and 1000 feet. A few were collected

at Long avd Round Islands, small cultivated islets off Port

Victoria, Mahé, vii. 1908. Several were also found in

Félicité and Marie Anne Islands, xii. 1908, in a rather dry

type of forest near sea-level.

Kolbe’s description was made from a single example, and,

as the antennal structure is not mentioned by him, it is not

quite certain whether the name should be applied to this or

the following species. The first ridge on the posterior tibiz

and first tarsal joint is at most feebly developed and often

wanting. Amongst the series examined there are at least

two of each sex with the genital ergans extruded, so that

there can be no mistake as to their identification.

21. Mordellistena degressa, sp. u.

Extremely like M. mahena, but differing from it in having

the antenne less elongate in both sexes (in ¢ about as long

asin 2 of M. mahenu), comparatively short and subserrate

in 2, joints 8 and 4 small and equal in length in the two

sexes, 5 twice as long as 4, 5-11 moderately elongate in ¢.

Posterior tibize and tarsi as in M. mahena.

Length (incl. pygid.) 8{-43 mm. (¢ ¢.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette. ;

Nine specimens, eight of which are from Mahé. All are

from the mountain-forests. These appear at first sight to

be females of M. mahena ; but as there is no corresponding

variation in the development of the antenne in the long

series of the allied forms from the Seychelles, the examples

with a short fourth joint must be separated from the rest.

M. degressa, therefore, is based upon examples with seven,

and M. mahena with eight, elongated antennal joints.

22. Mordellistena partilis, sp. n.

g@. Rather short, narrow, convex ; black, the head, an-

tenn, mouth-parts, prothorax, anterior and intermediate

legs, and the posterior tibiee and tarsi in part, testaceous ;

the elytra variegated with cinereous and black pubescence,

the latter condensed into a very large transverse patch at

the base (not quite reaching the suture) and a common,

broad, postmedian fascia (leaving a sharply defined sub-

median and apical fascia cinereous), the vestiture of the

pygidium and under surface cinereous, that of the head and

184 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

prothorax flavo-cinereous. Antenne moderately long, slen-

der, joints 1 and 2 rather stout, 2 shorter than 1, 3 and 4

small, subequal in length, 5-10 longer than broad, sub-

serrate. Apical joint of maxillary palpi stout, securiform.

Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, not

wider than the elytra. Elytra relatively short, subparallel

in their basal half. Pygidium long, acute, as long as poste-

rior tarsus. Posterior tibiz with 4, first joint of posterior

tarsi with 38, and the second joint with 2, short oblique

ridges, the third joint also with an indication of a single

ridge.

2. Similar to g, but with the prothorax infuscate or

black, the basal margin at most testaceous, the antenne a

little shorter.

Length (incl. pygid.) 23-3 mm. (¢ ?.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette.

One male and four females—both sexes from Mahé, a

female only from Silhouette. The Silhouette specimen is

from near Mont Pot-a-eau, about 1500 feet ; those from

Mahé were all found in the forests above Cascade Estate

at about 1000 feet. Easily distinguished from the other

Seychelles forms by the sharply defined elytral markings,

the single male with both the head and prothorax testaceous.

The prothorax is more transverse thanin M. argutula. The

anterior femora are not ciliate in ¢.

23. Mordellistena colee, sp. un.

(Text-fig. 4, posterior leg.)

Moderately elongate, cuneiform, robust; fusco-casta-

neous or castaneous, thickly clothed with greyish-brown

pubescence. Antennze with joints 3 and 4 short, equal, 5 at

least twice as long as 4, 5-11 rather broad, compressed,

elongated, and 11] longer than 10, in ¢, 5-11 shorter and

subserrate in 2. Last joint of maxillary palpi rather nar-

row, elongate-triangular. Pygidium elongate, about as long

as hind tarsus. Anterior tibie slender, sinuous within.

Posterior tibiz with 3 ridges—two very long and oblique,

and a shorter apical one—and with from 8-5 stiff erect

setee along their lower edge in both sexes. First joint of

posterior tarsi with 3, and the second joint with 2, oblique

ridges, the third unarmed.

Length (incl. pygid.) 834-53 mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette.

Numerous examples from each island. Extremely like

M, mahena and M., degressa, but averaging larger in size, the

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 185

terminal joint of the maxillary palpi narrower and more

elongate, the antennz distinctly wider, with short fourth

joint as in M. degressa, the posterior tibize strongly, sparsely

se tose along their lower edge, the third joint of the posterior

tarsi without definite ridges. Three of the Silhouette

8 pecimens are labelled as having been bred from larvee found

Fig. 4,

Mordellistena colee, Champion. Posterior leg.

in the wood of an endemic tree, the “ Bilimbi marron,”

Colea pedunculata ; another from the same locality is marked

“bred from a pupa” found in same tree. All the examples

are from various places in the mountain-forests, at altitudes

ranging from about 1000 to 2000 feet.»

24. Mordellistena septemcarinata, sp. nu.

Moderately elongate, narrow, convex, shining ; ferrugi-

nous or castaneous, the eyes black, the under surface in

part and the base of the pygidium black or piceous ; thickly

clothed with greyish-brown pubescence. Antenne long in

6, shghtly shorter in 9, slender, filiform, joints 8 and 4

short, 4 a little longer and wider than 3, subtriangular,

5—11 elongate, subequal, 5 about twice as long as 4. Apical

joimt of maxillary palpi moderately stout, subtriangular.

Prothorax broader than long, not wider than the elytra.

Klytra subparallel in their basal third, gradually narrowing

from the middle, somewhat coarsely and not very densely

186 Mr. G. C. Champion on Coleoptera from

punctate, the interspaces shining. Pygidium long, becoming

very slender beyond the middle, as long as the hind tarsus.

Anterior tibiz slender, sinuous within. Posterior tibize with

3, and the first two joints of the posterior tarsi each with 2,

oblique ridges.

Length (inel. pygid.) 83-34 mm. (¢ 2.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Silhonette, Praslin.

Mahé; forest above Cascade Estate, and in the Mare aux

Cochons district, in both cases over 1000 feet, also one

specimen recorded from the low country ; Silhouette, various

places in the mountain-forests above 1000 feet ; Praslin, one

specimen from Cotes d’Or Estate.

A long series, mostly in very bad condition. Closely

resembling M. colee, but smaller, narrower, and less cunei-

form ; the elytra subparallel and somewhat coarsely sculp-

tured ; the first joint of the posterior tarsi with two ridges

ouly ; the pygidium very slender.

25. Mordellistena dirempta, sp. n.

Narrow, convex, shining; testaceous or ferruginous, the

elytra often darker towards the sides and apex, the eyes

and under surface black or piceous; thickly pubescent.

Antenne comparatively short, joint 3 very small, 4 slightly

longer and wider, 5-10 broader, subtriangular, not much

longer than broad, subequal, 1] longer than 10. Prothorax,

elytra, and pygidium much asin MW. septemcarinata. Anterior

tibize slender, sinuous within, thickened towards the base (¢ ).

Posterior tibie with 3 (the subapical one short), and the

first two joints of posterior tarsi each with 2, oblique ridges.

Length (incl. pygid.) 23-3 mm. (¢ ¢.)

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé, Praslin.

Silhouette, Mare aux Cochons and forest above, over

1000 feet ; Mahé, high forest of Morne Blanc, and a speci-

men also from the low country ; Praslin, Cotes d’Or Estate.

Described from about a dozen examples, other damaged

_individuals probably belonging here. These were at first

supposed to be diminutive females of M. septemcarinata,

coming as they do from each of the islands quoted; but, as

both sexes appear to be represented in each series, this

cannot be the case. M. dirempta, therefore, may be described

as a rather short, small form of M. septemcarinata, with the

antennal jomts 5-10 subserrate and but little longer than

broad. Bs

26. Mordellistena argutula, sp. n.

¢. Narrow, moderately elongate, convex ; black, the head

(a large transverse patch of variable extent on the vertex

the Seychelles Islands and Aldabra. 187

excepted), mouth-parts, basal joints of the antenne, anterior

coxe, femora, and tibiz, and calcaria testaceous or rufo-

testaceous ; closely, uniformly fusco-cinereo-pubescent.

Head very convex ; antenne slender, moderately long, joints

1 and 2 rather stout, 2 a little shorter than 1, 3 small, short,

4 subtriangular, 5-10 longer than broad, feebly subserrate ;

Jast jot of maxillary palpi stout, securiform. ~Prothorax

moderately transverse, not wider than the elytra, rounded

at the sides anteriorly. Elytra subparalle! in their basal

half. Pygidium long, acute, about as long as the posterior

tarsi. Anterior femora beneath and anterior tibiz at base

fusco-ciliate, the latter sinuous within. Posterior tibiz with

two very long oblique ridges, in addition to the short sub-

apical one. “Posterior tarsi with joints 1 and 2 each with

two oblique ridges.

?. Similar to ¢, but with the head and the anterior legs

in great part or entirely infuscate, the antenne a little

shorter, the anterior femora and tibiz not ciliate.

Length (incl. pygid.) 24-4 mm. (¢ ¢.)

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Round Island, Anonyme Island,

Silhouette, Félicité.

A long series, almost all from low elevations. In Sil-

houette a large number of examples was swept from grass in

the low coconut- planted country near the coast at Pointe

Etienne, 17. ix. 1908 ; a few were also taken near Mare aux

Cochons. In Mahé specimens were collected near Morne

Blane, 500-1000 feet; on the marshy coastal plains of

Anse aux Pins and Anse Royale; and a few from over

1000 feet in the Mare aux Cochons district. Examples

were also found in two cultivated islets, Anonyme and

Round Island. Feélicité: six specimens from a rather dry

type of forest near sea-level.

A small, narrow, obscure form, with the head and anterior

legs partly rufo-testaceous in ee the vestiture uniform, the

prothorax rather Jong and not wider than the elytra, the

pygidium long and acute.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

ty. 1. Cacoplesia viriditincta, Champion, 3.

Fig. 2. Cacop esia annulipes, Champion, 3.

Fig. 3. Stictodrya longipennis, Champion, 3.

Fig. 4. Mycteromimus insularis, Champion, 2.

Fig. 5. Eurygenius fragiicornis, Champion, &.

Tig. ©. Xylophilus torticornis, Champion, ¢.

Fig. 7. Ditto. Antenna.

Tu; 8. Xylophilus seychellarum, Champion, ¢.

. Aylophilus clavicornis, Champion, @.

wi) ie 10, Mordella peregrinator, Champien, 2.

188 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

XIIT.—On new Species of Indian Curculionide.—Part III.

By Guy A. K. Marsuatt, D.Sc.

Subfamily Hreunr.

Genus PELTOTRACHELUS, Nov.

Head continuous with the rostrum, the eyes comparatively

small and widely separated. Rostrum about as long as the

prothorax, its sides sloping outwards from the carine

bounding the median area, the genz more or less dilated,

the apical emargination deep and triangular ; the scrobes

apical and short, visible from above ; the lateral areas im-

pressed and with two furrows—one running just below the

dorso-lateral carina, the other passing from the lower corner

of the scrobe to the lower margin of the eye ; the buccal

aperture extremely oblique and much longer than the lower

surface of the rostrum, the mentum bearing only two setze.

Antenne with the scape but little curved, subeylindrical,

slightly thickened towards the apex, and reaching beyond

the front margin of the thorax ; the funicle variable ; the

club narrowly spindle-shaped. Prothorax transverse, the

base deeply bisinuate and broader than the apex, the ocular

lobes developed or not, but vibrissz always present. Scu-

zellum small. Elytra with the shoulders obliquely rounded

and not prominent, the dorsal outline flat or only slightly

convex, the declivity steep, the apices separately rounded,

the striz partly hidden by the dense scaling. Legs with the

front cox nearer the anterior margin of the prosternum ;

the femora moderately clavate and with a small tooth; thie

tibiz simple, the corbels of the hind pair quite open; the

claws small and free.

Type, Platytrachelus pubes, Fst.

The species included in this genus were erroneously

attributed by Faust to Platytrachelus, Schh., owing to his

having wrongly identified the genotype, P. pistacinus, Boh.

- Some years ago, through the kindness of Dr. Taschenberg,

I was able to examine the type of that species, which is in

Germay’s collection in Halle ; it proved to be identical with

Amblyrrhinus viridanus, Fst. (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1890, p. 74).

Platytrachelus differs from Peltotrachelus principally in the

structure of the rostrum, which has the median area broad

and the sides vertical; the scrobes are therefore quite

invisible from above and extend backwards for more than

half the length of the rostrum. The only other species of

Species of Indian Curculionide., 189

true Platytrachelus known to me are Amblyrrhinus psitta-

cinus, Fst., and Corigetus paviei, Auriv., both of which occur

in Indo-China.

The other described species of Pellotrachelus are Platy-

trachelus propinquus, Fst., P. ovis, Hell., Cyphicerus juvencus,

Fst. (= Myllocerus acacie, Stebb.), Acanthotrachelus albus,

Pasce., and Myllocerus isabellinus, Boh.

Peltotrachelus cognatus, sp. n.

3 ¢. Colour black or piceous, with dense grey scaling

and with the following denuded areas on the elytra: —A

transverse patch just behind the scutellum, extending to

about the fourth stria; a dentate transverse band before the

middle, which is only broken at the suture; a similar but

complete and more curved band behind the middle; these

patches often partly obscured by whitish or yellowish

powdering.

Head with the eyes lateral and almost flat ; the forehead

with a central fovea. Rostrum longer than its basal width,

slightly narrowed from the base to beyond the middle, and

dilated at the apex; the dorsal area broadly and rather

deeply impressed ; the submentum with a projecting tooth.

Antenne with the second funicular jomt much longer than

the first, the others longer than broad. Prothorawx with the

sides slightly rounded and shallowly constricted at the apex,

the postocular lobes prominent, the dorsal anterior margin

rounded; the upper surface with rather coarse confluent

punctation, and with a very shallow transverse impression

before and a small rounded one behind the middle on each

side. Elytra nearly parallel-sided (¢) or dilated behind

the middle (?), the intervals distinctly broader than the

shallow strize and with short curved irregular sete.

Length 6-7, breadth 24-3 mm.

Manpras: Yercaad, 4500 ft., Shevaroy Hills (7. Bainbrigge

Fletcher).

Very closely allied to P. pubes, Fst., but differing in its

colouring and its larger and less convex eyes; the rostrum

is longer and more deeply impressed, the prothorax is more

narrowed in front, the shoulders of the elytra are less promi-

nent, and the sides more dilated behind in the female.

Peltotrachelus rugipennis, sp. 0.

Colour black, with rather thin pale green scaling, which

is often more or less abraded.

Head with the eyes lateral, elongate, and only slightly

190 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

convex, the forehead thinly pubescent and without green

sealing. Rostrum much longer than its width at the base,

almost parallel-sided in the basal half, and strongly dilated

anteriorly, the basal area broadly and rather deeply im-

pressed, the median part of the submentum elevated into a

sharp conical process with the point directed backwards.

Antenne with the scape gently curved and gradually thick-

ened; the funicle with joint 2 longer than 1, and 3 to 7

longer than broad. Prothoraz with the sides subparallel

in the basal half and narrowed in front, the dorsal anterior

edge very slightly rounded, the ocular lobes strongly pro-

duced; the upper surface with close confluent punctation

which is not very distinct through the scaling, with a faint

transverse impression before the middle and a deeper

rounded impression on each side behind. /ytra with rows

of large fovee, the intervals very narrow and irregular; in

the vicinity of the suture the spaces between the fovez are

slightly raised, so that the surface appears transversely

rugose ; the setz extremely short, dense, and suberect.

Length 53-7, breadth 23-3 mm.

Manpras: Anaimalai Hills (H. ZL. Andrewes).

Peltotrachelus illobatus, sp. n.

Biack, with dense pale green or greenish-grey scaling

throughout, the head and prothorax with a yellowish tinge.

Head with the eyes rather prominent and lateral ; fore-

head with a short central stria. Rostrum longer than br oad,

very gradually dilated from the middle to “the apex, the

dorsal carine more elevated than usual and continued on

to the forehead. Antenne with the scape distinctly curved ;

the funicle with joint 2 longer than 1, the latter longer than

3 and 4 together, 5-7 much longer than broad. Prothorar

with the sides almost straight and strongly narrowed from

base to apex, the dorsal anterior margin straight, the ocular

lobes absent, being replaced by a tuft of yellow vibrisse, the

upper surface rather rugosely punctate, especially towards

the sides. Hiytra broadest behind the middle (2), with

rather deep and coarsely punctate striz, aie however,

appear very narrow and finely punctate ‘when the scaling

is intact; the setee mostly very short and depressed, but

scattered among them a number of comparatively long erect

sete.

Length 7, breadth 3} mm.

Burma: Taung-ngu (G. Q. Corbett). Camponia (Mouhot).

Species of Indian Curculionide. TSt

Peltotrachelus smaragdus, sp. n.

Black, with dense bright green scaling, the head usually

with pinkish scales ; sometimes the insect is covered with a

more or less dense whitish coating over the green scaling.

Head with the eyes very small, prominent and lateral ;

forehead with a central fovea. Rostrum longer than broad,

only slightly dilated at the apex, the dorsal area broadly

impressed, the under surface normal and with no projection.

Anienne with the scape aimost straight; the funicle with

jvint 2 nearly twice as long as 1, 1 hardly longer than 3, and

3 to 7 much longer than broad. Prothorax with the sides

scarcely curved, only slightly narrower at the apex than

at the b: ise, the dorsal anterior margin straight, the ocular

lobes absent, being replaced by a tuft of golden-yellow

‘vibrissze ; the upper surface closely punctate and with a

shallow fovea on each side behind the middle. Klytra with

fine distinctly punctate striz and broad intervals where

the scaling is intact, the striae being a good deal broader

when the scaling is removed, but even then distinctly nar-

rower than the intervals ; the setae extremely short, dense,

and suberect.

Length 4-6, breadth 2-3 mm.

Mapras: Nilgiri Hills (Sir G. Hampson, H. L. Andrewes).

A very distinct species. Apart from the absence of the

ocular lobes, the facies is that of a typical Peltotrachelus.

Genus Merronops, nov.

_ Head separated from the rostrum by a very shallow trans-

verse impression; the eyes widely separated, comparatively

small, and almost circular. Rostrum rather broad and stout,

longer than its basal width, the buccal aperture oblique, the

apical emargination angular but rather shallow; the true

scrobe apical and very short, the space from the serobe to

the eye broadly impressed. Antenne elongate and compara-

tively slender; the scape cylindrical, abruptly clavate, and

curved only towards the apex ; the funicle withjoint 1 much

longer than 2, 3 to 7 subequal, and the club narrowly spindle-

shaped. Prothorax simple, strongly transverse, the sides

rounded, its greatest width almost or quite equal to that of

the elytra, the apex narrower than the base, the latter trun-

cate or faintly bisinuate, the ocular lobes not very prominent,

broadly rounded and with short vibrissee, the. front cox

placed in the centre of the prosternum. Seutellum small.

Elytra with the base vertically truncate, its margin being

192 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

slightly raised, the shoulders feeble and obliquely rounded,

punctato-striate, the intervals smooth and even. Legs with

the femora strongly clavate and having a rather large tooth,

all the tibiz sinuate internally near the base, the corbels

of the hind pair entirely open, the tarsal claws free.

Type, M. aspersus, sp. n.

Allied to Phytoscaphus, Schh., but differing from it in the

very broad and rounded prothorax, the vertical basal margin

of the elytra, and the small and widely separated eyes.

Meionops aspersus, sp. n.

Colour piceous, with chocolate-brown scaling and pale

markings; the head fawn-coloured; the prothorax with a

broad dorsal and narrower lateral stripe of yellowish-creamy

scales ; the elytra with a similarly coloured, broad, irregular,

and broken lateral stripe, and with small pale spots on the

disk, which often coalesce along the suture.

Rostrum only slightly widened at the apex, the dorsal area

almost plane and with a fine central earina, the lateral area

with a deep narrow furrow running towards the upper edge

of the eye and a broader one beneath the scrobe. Antenne

with joints 3 to 7 of the funicle about as long as broad.

Prothorax not quite as broad as the elytra at the shoulders,

the base slightly bismuate, the upper surface with shallow

punctures and slightly granulate, the sculpture being almost

hidden by the scaling. lytra jointly sinuate at the base,

the apices jointly rounded, slightly broader behind the

middle, the striz shallow, with very large subquadrate

punctures (somewhat hidden by scaling), the intervals

almost Bee and smooth, with minute subdepressed sete.

Length 53-6, breadth 21-3 mm.

ASSAM.

Meionops glaucinus, sp. n.

Colour black, with dark greenish-grey scaling throughout.

Rostrum with the dorsal area almost plane and without a

carina. Antenne with joints 3 to 7 of the funicle evidently

longer than broad. Prothoraz as broad as the elytra at the

shoulders, the base truncate, the apical portion shallowly

constricted. ilytra truncate at the base, the sides parallel

to beyond the middle, the punctures smaller.

In other respects agrees with M. aspersus, Mshl,

Length 5, breadth 2; mm.

Wy Benga: Chota ‘Nagpur (Cardon).

Species of Indian Curculionidee. 193

Subfamily 4 wrzowomrvs.

Genus OnycHOCNEMIS, nov.

Head exserted, subconical; the eyes lateral, small, almost

eircular. Rostrum broad, fattened dorso-ventrally, longer

than the head or the front tibia, almost straight, deflected,

forming a coutinuous line with the head, and with the apical

margin entire; the scrobes narrow and deep, beginning at

about one-third from the apex and continued obliquely to

beneath the base of the rostrum; the mentum small, sub-

quadrate, about as long as its supporting peduncle, convex,

impunctate, and very shining. <Anienne short, geniculate ;

the scape almost straight, clavate, reaching the middle of

the eye ; the funicle 7-jointed, joint 1 swollen and longer

than any of the others, 2 subconical and as long as broad,

the remainder strong! y transverse, very closely packed, and

rapidly widening outwardly, joint 7 being closely annexed

to the club, which is broadly ovate and 3-jointed. Pro-

thorax without postocular lobes, and with the base bisinuate.

Scutellum distinct, circular. Hlytra oblong, broader than

the prothorax, entirely covering the pygidium, with distinct

shoulders and ten strie. Legs short and stout; the hind

cox ovate, not reaching the edge of elytra; the femora

moderately clavate and not toothed, the hind pair not nearly

reaching the apex of the elytra ; the tibize almost straight,

slightly compressed, strongly uncinate at the apex, and also

with a short sharp mucro projecting perpendicularly from

the inner angle; the tarsi broad, joint 2 transverse, 3

broadly lobate, 4 short, the lower suriace clothed with fine

pale pubescence, which is sparse on the two basal joints,

the claws very small and connate at the base. Sternum:

the prosternum very short, with the front margin shallowly

sinuate, the coxze in the middle and narrowly separated ;

the mesosternum with the epimera not ascending and broadly

separating the episterna from the elytra, the intercoxal pro-

cess broadly truncate at the apex; the metasternum between

the coxee about as long as the middle cox, the episterna

comparatively broad. Venter with the intercoxal process

broadly rounded, the two basal segments fused together and

delimited only by an almost straight shallow stria, the inter-

mediate segments not. angulated externally, 2 almost as lorg

as 3 +4 in the- middle, and 5 but little longer than 4.

Type, Onychocnemis carey@, sp. 0.

Allied to the European Bradybatus, Germ., and the South-

African Thamnobius, Sclih. The former genus differs in its

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 13

194 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

much longer, more slender, and cylindrical rostrum, its

simply uncinate tibiz, free and bifid tarsal claws, and dentate

front femora. In Thamnobius the rostrum is also more

cylindrical, the scape does not exceed the front margin of

the eye, the tibiz are merely uncinate (not mucronate, as

stated by Lacordaire), and the tarsal claws are free and

appendiculate.

Onychocnemis carey@, sp. Nn.

o 9. Colour red-brown, shining and sparsely clothed

with short recumbent white sete; the head darker; the

elytra with the entire suture blackish brown, as well as a

large common patch extending from the base to beyond the

middle and laterally as far as the fifth stria, its outline

being very similar to that of the elytra ; the mesosternum,

metasternum, tarsal claws, and the two apical hooks of the

tibia also dark brown or blackish.

Head rugosely punctate, the forehead a little narrower

than the base of the rostrum and broader than the eye.

tostrum very gradually widened from base to apex, rugosely

punctate above from the base to the end of the scrobe, the

apical area more lightly punctate (g) or impunctate ( ).

Prothorax subconical, almost as long as its width at the

base, gradually narrowed from there to the apex, the sides

gently rounded, without any anterior constriction, the basal

angles nearly right angles, the base angularly produced in

the middle, the apical margin very shallowly sinuate dorsally

and oblique at the sides ; the upper surface with coarse

reticulate punctation throughout and with a median stripe

of deuser pale recumbent sete. /ytra almost parallel-sided

from the shoulders to well behind the middle, broadly

rounded behind, the apices continuous, the basal margin

slightly raised and almost straight from the second stria to

the shoulders ; the strize broad, containing deep closely-set

punctures, which diminish behind, the intervals scarcely

broader than the striz, almost flat and finely aciculate, the

posterior callus nearly obsolete; the dorsal outline flat

from the base to the middle, then gradually declivous. Legs

coarsely punctate and clothed with curved white sete.

Length 2-2}, breadth 1-1} mm.

Mysore: Madhavgiri (H. H. Mann, Pusa Coll.).

This species was found on the leaves of the jak-fruit tree

(Careya arborea).

Species of Indian Curculionide. 195

Subfamily Omoruorry.

Genus TELUROPUS, NOV.

Head globose, with the eyes lateral. Rostrum stout, about

as long as the front tibia, somewhat depressed, the apical

margin very shallowly sinuate ; the scrobes invisible trom

above, beginning at some distance from the apex, curving

rapidly downwards behind the antennee, and ending in a flat-

tened punctate area almost on the lower surface of the base

of the rostrum; mandibles stout, tridentate; mentum small

and square, about equal in length to the peduncle of the

submentum, and not broader than the lateral space on each

side of it. Prothorax with the basal margin deeply bi-

sinuate ; the anterior margin oblique at the sides and without

any postocular lobes. Scuéellum distinct, almost circular.

Elytra short and broad, with ten complete strize ; the in-

flexed lateral margin unusually narrow, involving only the

tenth stria, and without true epipleure. Wings fully deve-

loped. Legs short and stout; the femora only slightly

clavate and each with a small tooth, the hind pair scarcely

reaching the apex of the elytra; the tibize with the external

apical angle strongly uncinate, and the inner angle with a

sharp mucro as well; the tarsi short and broad, the second

joint twice as broad as long, the fourth projecting only a

short distance beyond the third, the claws simple and stout.

Sternum with the front coxe very widely separated and placed

behind the middle, the space between them quite flat; the

median coxe still further apart, the side-pieces of the meso-

sternum fused together but divided by a stria, the suture

between the mesosternum and episternum entirely oblite-

rated, and the intercoxal piece broadly truncate; the length

of the metasternum between the cox not greater than that

of the median coxe, the episternaas broad as the base of the

mid-femora and fused with the metasternum, but the line of

junction quite distinct, the epimera imperceptible ; the hind

coxve as widely separated as the middle pair. Venter short,

with segment 2 nearly as long as 3+4 and separated, from

1 by a deep straight incision, the intercoxal process very

short and broad, with an angular projection in the middle,

and segments 2 and 3 angulate externally.

Type, Teluropus subcostaius, sp. n.

In general form the only known species bears considerable

resemblance to the African genus Omophorus, Schh.*, and

* In most collections this genus stands under the later name Meta-

tyges, Pasc. M. turritus, Pasc., is a synonym of O. stomachosus, Boh.,

while M. parvus, Fst., is identical with O. zndispositus, Boh., the type of

which is now in the Oxford University Museum (Sommer’s collection).

13*

196 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

the Fijian Physarchus, Pasc., except that the shoulders of

the elytra are much less prominent. But both these genera

differ, inter alia, in the absence of the inner apical mucro

on the tibiz, and in having the front coxz contiguous and

the hind pair much closer together than the middle pair.

Teluropus baliardi, sp.

g. Dark red-browa, fairly closely clothed with short,

curved, golden-brown sete.

Head rugosely punctured throughout, the forehead almost

as broad as the base of the rostrum, transversely flattened

and with a central fovea; the eyes almost circular, their

greatest depth at about one-fourth from the hind margin,

Rostrum stout, parallel-sided, and porrect from the base to a

little beyond the middle, thence slightly widened and curved

downwards, somewhat flattened longitudinally at the sides in

the basal half, and rugosely punctured throughout right up

to the apex. Antenne short; the scape stout, slightly com-

pressed, strongly clavate, and coarsely punctate ; the funicle

with joint 1 rather longer than 2, and joints 2 to 7 of about

equal width and widening regularly outwards, 7 being closely

fitted to the club, which has three distinet joints, Prothorax

broader than long, broadest near the base and rapidly

narrowing in front, with a broad apical constriction, the

auterlor margin straight, the base with a large median lobe,

which is emarginate at its apex; the upper surface convex,

coarsely and confluently punctate throughout, and with two

low broad elevations in the middle of the disk ; these merge

and slope gradually away behind, but in front they are

abruptly narrowed where they cross the apical constriction

and enclose a large rounded depression between them ;

below these prominences on each side is another much lower

rounded elevation. Hlytra together nearly as broad as long,

parallel-sided from the shoulders to beyond the middle, and

very broadly rounded behind ; each elytron strungly lobate

at the base, the greatest depth of the lobe being at the third

interval, which bears a slight basal callus; the juxta-basal

area slopes steeply forwards from a transverse postbasal

ridge, which bears a rounded prominence on intervals 3 and

5; a little behind this is a short costate elevation on in-

terval 3 and a less distinct one on 5 ; the strie are deep and

strongly punctate and the intervals are rugose, the alternate

ones being slightly more convex. Legs rugosely punctate,

the femora with scattered granules, set with curved suberect

Species of Indian Curculionidae. 197

sete ; the anterior pairs of tibia rather sharply angulate on

the lower surface not far from the base.

Length 45-5, breadth 23-3 mm.

Mapras: Coimbatore (. Ballard, type). Mysore:

Madhavgiri, on leaves of jak-fruit, Careya arborea (H. H.

Mann, Pusa Coll.).

Subfamily /sorruywcurvz.

Phenomerus angulicollis, sp. n.

?. Colour black, sparsely clothed with rather stout,

transversely recumbent, pale yellowish, hair-like scales,

having the following patches apparently bare, but really

clothed with similar black hairs which are not very con-

spicuous :—A large transverse patch on the anterior half of

the prothorax, and two irregular patches on each elytron,

one before and the other behind the middle.

Head with scattered punctures, the eyes a little more

widely separated than in P, sundewalli. Rostrum red-brown,

the thickened basal portion forming about one-fourth of the

whole, and not sulcate, but with two posteriorly convergent

rows of fine punctures on the disk; the scrobes continued

to beyond the middle as a shallow punctate furrow, and with

a fine stria just above them. Prothoraz at least two and a

half times as long as its basal width, the sides obtusely

angulated in front of the middle, the dorsal margin bounded

by a fine carina in the basal half, the upper surface with

reticulate punctures which are longitudinally subcoalescent,

leaving a distinct smooth central carina. Llytra narrowly

cylindrical, about as broad as the prothorax at its angu-

lation, with shallow striz containing closely set transverse

punctures, the intervals narrowly carinate, except the four

outer ones, which are broader and almost flat. Legs similar

to those of P. sundewalli, except that the large tooth on the

elongate hind femora is more deeply sinuate at the base of

its posterior edge, so that this edge is distinctly angulated

in the middle.

Length 34, breadth ? mm.

BrneaL: Sanderbans, 18. 11. 1915 (C. F. C. Beeson).

Very similar superficially to P. sundewalli, Boh., but

distinguished by its obviously narrower build, more widely

separated eyes, the lateral angulation and basal lateral

carina of the prothorax, and the shape of the tooth on the

hind femora.

Found in burrows in sundri-trees (Heritiera littoralis),

198. MCT, Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

Phaenomerus brevirostris, sp. n.

3 @. Colouring similar to that of P. angulicollis, but the

pale scales more generally distributed, so that the dark patch

on the prothorax is indistinct and those on the elytra are

very much redu-ed,

Head with close shallow punctures, the forehead broad,

about twice the breadth of the funicle. Rostrum unusually

short and stout, the thickened basal portion forming half

(2) or more than half (¢) its length, and bearmg two or

four shallow furrows, the apical area smooth and sparsely

punctate ; the serobe continued to well beyond the middle

in both sexes, but without any distinct furrow above it.

Antenne short, all the joimts of the funicle except the first .

very strongly transverse, the club shorter and more obtuse

than in P. sundewalli. Prothorax about twice as long as

broad, parallel-sided from the base to beyond the middle,

thence narrowing gradtially to the apex, the upper surface

simply reticulate, the punctures not coalescing longitu-

dinally, with an indistinet central costa. E/lytra cylindrical,

very slightly broader than the prothorax, with coarsely

punctate striz, the dorsal intervals narrow, subcarinate, and

crenulate. Legs as in P. sundewalli, except that the hind

femora are much shorter, extending only a short distance

bevond the apex of the elytra, the basal stem is more rapidly

widened, and the large tooth is more deeply sinuate at the

base of its posterior edge, so that the edge is distinct'y angu-

lated in the middle.

Length 3, breadth ? mm.

Unitep Provinces: Khairabenda, Khash Forest, 29. xi.

1913 (C. F. C. Beeson).

This species can be readily distinguished from both

P. sundewalli and P. angulicollis by its short rostrum and

hind femora, and its broad forehead. Found in burrows in

dead sal-tree (Shorea robusta). Mr. Beeson informs me that

all the three species of Phenomerus mentioued here occurred

in burrows of Scolytide &c., and he is of opinion that they

are predaceous upon those beetles.

X1LV.—A Leevision of the Clupeid Fishes of the Genus Pello-

nula and of Related Genera in the Ltivers of Africa. By

C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Perrroxrra and its allies are distinguished from Clupea,

Sardinella, &c., by the stronger dentition and by the absence

of the anterior supramaxillary bone.

of the Genus Pellonula dc. 199

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Abdominal scutes sharply keeled ; preemaxillary teeth rather strong:

A. Lower jaw not or but little’ projecting ; anterior mandibulary

teeth enlarged, but no strong canines in either jaw.

1. D., 16-18, “above or just behind pelvics. A. 16-21. Scales

about 45/11- 15. Vertebree 42-43. Supramaxillary large.

1, Pellonula.

2. D. 12-14, above interspace between pelvics and anal.

A. 20-21. Scales 33/8. Vertebre 48 .......... 2. Pecilothrissa.

A. 21-25. Scales 88-42/10-12. Vertebrae 89-40... 3. Microthrissu.

3. D. 13-14, above pelvics. A. 17-18, far behind dorsal. Scales

40-44/10. Vertebree 42. Supramaxillary small.

4. Potamothrissa.

B. Lower jaw strongly projecting.

Premaxillaries with an inner series of 2 or 3 strong

canine-like teeth on each side ; anterior teeth

OF lower jaw Onlatred. cc... cee cee es wo. 58. Cynothrissa.

Premaxillary teeth uniserial, with a canine on each

side; lower jaw with a pair of strong anterior

sa a thats. aeah hat atte bt 6. Odaxothrissa.

Il. Abdominal seutes in front of pelvic fins feebly keeled; pra-

maxillary teeth small.

Maxillary narrow proximally and expanded distally ;

. tongue and palate toothless ............+... 7. Stolothrissa,

Maxillary broad throughout its length; a patch of

teeth on each palatine and a strip on tongue .. 8. Limnothrissa.

1. PELLONULA, Giinth. 1868.

Cat. Fish. vii. p. 452. .

Form elongate, compressed; abdomen sharp-edged. Mouth

moderate, terminal, with the lower jaw a little projecting ;

upper jaw without median notch; maxillary of a narrow

proximal and an expanded distal part ; in front of the narrow

part a ligament runs from the end of the premaxillary to the

broad part of the maxillary ; a single well+developed supra-

maxillary. Teeth in jaws uniserial, conical, acute; pree-

maxillary teeth rather strong, unequal, without well-marked

canines; mandibulary teeth enlarged anteriorly ; maxillary

teeth minute ; ; a patch of conical teeth on each palatine ; an

elongate patch of small teeth on tongue. 6 brancliostegals.

Scales with entire edges, moderate, in a longitudinal series

one to each myotome; ventral scutes sharply keeled and

acutely pointed, commencing on or behind the thoracic keel

formed by the hypocoracoids. Dorsal of 16-18 rays, anal of

16-21. Pelvics 8-rayed, below or a little in advance of

dorsal. Vertebree 42 or 43. A bluish-silvery lateral band.

200 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupetd Fishes

Pellonula modesta, Fischer (Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. il.

1885, p. 75), from. Eloby, is placed by Boulenger in the

synonymy of P. vorax, but unless the description is quite

incorrect (teeth in jaws minute, tongue and palate toothless,

no lateral band, &c.) it is not a Pellonula at all, and is most

likely a Sardinella.

A species from the coast of Brazil, described by Stein-

dachner as Pellonula bahiensis(Sitzungsb, Akad. Wien, Ixxx.

1, 1880, p. 181, pl. i. fig. 2), of which Sardinel/a pernam-

bucana, Schreiner & Ribeiro (Arch. Mus. Rio Janeiro, xii.

1903, p. 72), appears to be a synonym, evidently belongs to

the genus L/eringia, Fowler, 1911 (Rhinosardinia, Bigen-

mann, 1912), the type of which is H. amazonted, Steind.,

from the Amazon and Guiana.

Synopsis of the Species.

26-30 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Depth

3 to 4 in the length; caudal peduncle as long as

HEED OGM. wears cen hat bene e es OREM RES Ns ie Meets l. vorax.

27 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Depth 5

in the length; caudal sats a little longer than

MRED) caret si ack a AIG hsteteiets eR Iee wai pie ima eee 2. leonensis.

33 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior ‘arch. Depth 4 :

in the length ; caudal peduncle 13 as long as deep . 3. stanleyana.

1. Pellonula voraz.

Pellonula vorax, Giinth. Cat. Fish, vii. p. 452 etal

Pellonula vorax (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. i. p. 156, fig. 124

(1909),

Depth of body 3 to 4in the length, length of head 82 to 44,

Snout neaily equal to diameter of eye, “which is 3 to 32 in

Jength of head; maxillary extending to below aiterine

margin or antenion part of eye ; lower jaw a little projecting,

26 to 30 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, About

45 scales in a longitudinal series, 14 in a transverse series ;

ventral seutes 13- 1548+ 10. Dorsal 16-18 ; origin equi-

distant fiom end of snout and base of caudal, or nearer snout.

Anal 18-21. Pelvics varying somewhat in position, rarely

entirely below the dorsal, sometimes entirely in advance of

it. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Vertebree 42.

West Africa, from the Senegal to Angola.

Numerous examples, measuring up to 140 mm, in total

length.

This species may occur in the Lower Congo, but none of

the specimens from the Congo enumerated by Boulenger

belongs to it; I refer specimens 18 and 19 to Cynothrissa

of the Genus Pellonula ce. 201

ansorgi?, 20-23 and 24-25 to Mierothrissa parra, 26 to

Potamothrissa acutirostris, 27 and 28 to Peeilothrissa con-

gica, and 29 and 30 to Pellonula stanleyana.

2. Pellonula leonensis.

Pellonula leonensis, Bouleng. Cat. Afr, Fish. iv. p. 172, fig. 111 (1916).

Depti of body 5 to 5) in the length, length of head 32 to 4.

Snout nearly as long as diameter of, eye, which is 3 in length

of head; maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye ;

lower jaw a little projecting. 27* gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. 45 scales in a longitudinal series, 11 or 12

in a transverse series ; ventral scutes 13-14+8-9. Dorsal

16; origin equidistant from end of snout and base of caudal.

Anal 16-17. Pelvics below origin or anterior rays of dorsal.

Caudal pedunele a little longer than deep,

Sierra Leone.

Two specimens, 57 mm. long, from the North Sherbo

District.

3. Pellonula stanleyana, sp. n.

+ TLellonula vorax (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. i. p. 156 (1909).

Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head 43. Snout

as long as diameter of eye, which is 3} in Jength of head ;

maxillary extending to below anterior margin of eye ; lower

jaw a little projecting. 33 gill-rakers on lower part of ante-

rior arch. 45 scales in a longitudinal series, 14 in a trans-

verse series ; ventral scutes 14+9. Dorsal 16-17; origin

nearer to end of snout than to base of caudal, Anal 18.

Pelvics below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1$

as long as deep. Vertebre 43,

Stanley Falls.

Two specimens, 110 mm. in total length ; one of these is

a skeleton, but I have been able to count the gill-rakers.

2. P@CILOTHRISSA, gen. nov.

Closely related to Pellonula, differing in that the scales in

a longitudinal series are less numerous than the myotomes,

the supramaxillary bone is rather small, and the tongue is

toothless. Dorsal fin of 13 rays, above the interspace be-

tween pelvics and anal, the last with 20-21 rays. Scales

33/8. Vertebree 43.

* | find 27 gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch in each

of the type-specimens, which I have examined under a binocular

microscope,

202 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

Peecilothriss1 congica, sp. n.

Pellonula vorax (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr, Fish. i. p. 156 (1909).

Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head 4}. Snout

a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 2? in length of

head ; jaws equal anteriorly ; maxillary extending to vertical

from anterior edge of eye; maxillary teeth quite distinct ;

19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 33 scales ina

longitudinal series, 8 in @ transverse series ; ventral scutes

11-12+9-10. Dorsal 13; origin equidistant from end of

snout and base of caudal. Anal 20-21. Pelvics well in

advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle longer than deep.

Lateral band narrow, present only on posterior half of fish.

Vertebree 43.

Congo.

T'wo specimens, 55 and 60 mm. in total length, from

Coquilhatville and from Monusembe.

3. Microturissa, Bouleng. 1902.

Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. 11. p. 26.

Scarcely generically distinct from Pellonula, but tongue

toothless, dorsal fin of 12-14 rays and anal of 21 to 25, and

pelvics in advance of dorsal. Scales 38-42/10-12. Ver-

tebree 89-40. ‘

1. Microthrissa parva, sp. n.

Pellonula vorax (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. i. p. 156 (1909).

Depth of body 4 to 5 in the length, length of head about 4.

Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is rather

more than 4 the length of head; maxillary extending to

vertical from anterior edge of eye; lower jaw a little pro-

jecting. 26 or 27 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

AO to 42 scales in a Jongitudinal series, 10 or 11 im a trans-

verse series; ventral scutes 12-13+7-8. Dorsal 12-14;

origin’ nearly equidistant from end of snout and base of

caudal. Anal 21-23, not extending forward to below dorsal,

Pelvies in advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle longer than

deep. 40 vertebree.

Upper Congo.

Two specimens of 40 mm, from Coquilhatville and three

of 30 mm. from the Tumba Lake.

of the Genus Pellonula §e. 203

2. Microthrissa royauxi.

Microthrissa royauri, Bouleng, Ann, Mus, Congo, ii, 1902, p. 26, and

Cat. Afr. Fish. i. p. 161, tig. 129 (1909).

Depth of body 8-34 in the length, length of head 4.

Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in length of

head ; jaws equal anteriorly; maxillary with minute teeth,

extending to below anterior margin of eye; 14 gill-rakers on

lower part of anterior arch. 38 to 40 scales in a longitudinal

series, 12 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes 12-13 + 6-7.

Dorsal 13; origin equidistant from end of snout and

base of caudal, behind the 8-rayed pelvics. Anal 23 (-25),

extending forward nearly to below end of dorsal. Caudal

pedunele a little deeper than long. 39 vertebree,

Ubanghi R.

One of the types, 55 mm. in total length, from Banzyville.

4, POTAMOTHRISSA, gen. nov.

Closely related to Pellonula, but maxillary narrow, supia-

maxillary bone quite small, and no teeth on tongue or on

maxillary. Dorsal fin of 13 or 14 rays, placed well forward,

its origin much nearer to end of snout than to base of caudal,

above or in advance of first ray of prlvies; anal of 17 or 18

rays, far b. hind dorsal. Scales 40-44/10. Vertebree 42.

1. Potamothrissa obtusirostris, (Fig. 1, 2.)

Pellonula obtusirostris, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. i, p. 158, fig. 126

(1909).

Jaws equal anteriorly. 16 gill-rakers on lower part of

anterior arch. Ventral scutes 9-10+ 9-10.

Aruwimi River, Congo.

Two specimens, 72 mm. in total length.

2. Potamothrissa acutirostris.

Pellonula acutirostris, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. i. p. 159, fig. 127 (1909).

Lower jaw shorter than upper. 19 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. Ventral scutes 12-134 10-12.

Upper Congo.

Five specimens, up to 75 mm. in total length.

5. CYNOTHRISSA, gen. nov.

Differs from Pellonula in the very prominent lower jaw

and in the presence of an inner series of pramaxillary teeth,

204 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

comprising 2 or 3 strongly enlarged teeth on each side.

Vertebree 42.

Heads of 1. Cynothrissa mento, 2. Potamothrissa obtusirostris (X 23).

1. Cynothrissa mento, sp.n. (Fig. 1, 7.)

Pellonula vorax (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. i. p. 156.

Depth of body 4 in the length, length of head (without

lower jaw) 32. Snout longer than diameter of eye, which is

33 in length of head; maxillary extending to below anterior 4

of eye. 19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. About

45 scales in a longitudinal series, 14 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 15+9. Dorsal 17; origin above base of

pelvics, equidistant from end of snout and base of caudal.

Anal 21. Caudal peduncle longer than deep.

Nigeria.

A single specimen, 130 mm. in total length, from Agberi,

Southern Nigeria.

This new species is distinguished from C. ansorgit by the

more slendcr form, fewer gill-rakers, and more numerous

anal rays.

2. Cynothrissa ansorgit.

Pellonula vorax (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afy. Fish. i. p. 156 (1909).

Odaxothrissa ansurgii, Boulenger, op. cit. iv. p. 172, tig. 112 (1916).

Depth of body 3 to 8} in the length, length of head

(without lower jaw) 32 to 4. Snout as long as or longer

than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 4 in length of head;

maxillary extending to below anterior 4 or middle of eye.

23 to 25 gill-iakers on lower part of anterior arch. 42 to 45

scales in a longitudinal series, 14 or 15 in a transverse

series; ventral scutes 13-16+9-11. Dorsal 15-17; origin

‘of the Genus Pellonula &c. 205

above or immediately behind base of pelvics, nearly equi-

distant from base of caudal and end of snout. Anal 17-19.

Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Vertebre 42.

Lower Congo and Angola.

Nine specimens, 110 to 160 mm. long, including the types

from Angola and two from Boma and from Vivi, Lower

Congo.

6. Opaxorurissa, Bouleng. 1899.

Differs from Pellonula in the very prominent lower jaw,

with a pair of strong canines anteriorly ; preemaxillary teeth

uniserial, with a canine on each side.

1. Odaxothrissa vittata, sp. n.

Odaxothrissa losera (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish, i. p. 160 (1909).

Depth of body 43 in the length, length of head 82.

Snout longer than Gtateeer of eye which is 4 in length of

head ; maxillary extending to hala middle of eye ; canines

very strong. Gill-rakers ‘shorter than gill-filaments, 22 or 23

on lower aaa of anterior arch. 45 scales in a longitudinal

series, 14 in a transverse series; ventral scutes 1249.

Dorsal 16; origin a little nearer base of caudal than end

of snout, immediately behind base of pelvics. Anal 21.

Caudal peduncle 14 as long as deep. A well-detined silvery

lateral band.

Ubanghi River.

A single specimen, 110 mm. long, from Banzyville.

2. Odaxothrissa losera.

Odaxothrissa losera, Bouleng. Ann. Mus, Congo, Zool. i. 1899, p. 64,

pl. xxxi. fig. 1

Depth of body equal to or a little less than length of head,

which is 84 in the length of fish. Snout a little longer than

diameter of eye, which is 32 to 43 in length of head; max-

illary extending to below ‘aiberbn 2 or middle of eye. 27

gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, 44 to 46 scales in

a longitudinal, 14 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes

11 +9. Dorsal 16-17 ; origin equidistant from end of snout

and base of caudal, immediately behind base of pelvics.

Anal 21-22. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Lateralh

band vestigial.

Upper Congo,

206 Clupetd Fishes of the Genus Pellonula dc.

The above description is based on one of the types, a speci-

men of 85 mm. from Coquilhatville, and on the figure of the

larger type-specimen, 160 mm. long. In the smaller fish the

gill-rakers are rather longer than the gill-filaments, but in the

larger they are said to be much shorter and to number only

18 on the lower part of the anterior arch ; this may be a

m sprint for 28, or possibly in the adult the anterior gill-

rakers may be vestigial.

7. STOLOTHRISSA, gen. nov.

Mouwh formed as in Pellonula, but teeth in jaws quite

small and no teeth on palate or tongue. Abdomen in front

of pelvic fins rounded, with the scutes but weakly keeled ;

scutes behind pelvic fins strongly keeled and acutely pointed.

Vertebra: 44.

Stolothrissa tanganice, sp.n. (Fig. 2, 2.)

Pellonula miodon (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish, i. p. 157 (1909).

Depth of body about 6 in the length, length of head 3} to

4, Snout rather longer than diameter of eye, which is 34

in length of head; maxillary not or barely reaching vertical

from anterior margin of eye; lower jaw slightly projecting.

4) to 42 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. About

45 scales in a longitudinal and 13 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 13-14+8-9. Dorsal 15; origin nearly equi-

distant from end of snout and base of caudal, Anal 17.

Pelvics below or a little in advance of middle of dorsal.

Lateral band broad.

Tanganyika,

Four specimens, 80 to 95 mm. in total length, from Vua

and Ndanvie.

Heads of 1. Limnothrissa miodon, 2. Stolothrissa tanganice (X 2).

On Tabanide from Australia &c. 207

8. LIMNOTHRISSA, gen. nov.

Maxillary broad throughout its length, its dentigerous

margin extending right up to the preemaxillary ; latter with

quite small teeth, but dentition of lower jaw, palatines, and

tongue as in Pellonula. Abdomen in front of pelvic fins

rounded, with scutes but weakly keeled; sentes behind

pelvic fins strongly keeled and acutely pointed. Vertebree 44.

Limnothrissa miodon. (Fig. 2, 7.)

Pellonula miodon (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. i. p. 157, fig. 126

(1909).

Depth of body 43 in the length, length of head 32 to 4.

Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 34 in length of

head ; maxillary extending to below anterior } of eye ; lower

jaw slightly projecting. 31 to 33 gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. About 45 scales in a longitudinal and

14 in a transverse series; ventral scutes 13-14+ 10-11.

Dorsal 15 ; origin equidistant from end of snout and base

of caudal. Anal 16-18. Pelvies below middle or anterior

part of dorsal. Lateral band broad.

‘l'anganyika.

Four specimens, 100 to 140 mm. in total Jength, from

Ndanvie, Tembwi, and Kuasakalewa; also some young

examples not included in tle description.

XV.—New Species of Tabanidee from Australia and the

Fiji Islands. By Gerrrupe Ricarpo.

Tue identification of species and descriptions of new species

contained in this paper are from specimens forwarded to

Mr. Marshall by Dr. E. W. Ferguson and Dr. J. Burton

Cleland.

One new species from the Fiji Islands, the type being in

the British Museum Coll., is included. The types of all the

new species will be presented to the British Museum by

the Imperial Institute of Keonomic Entomology, with the

exception of a few species belonging to the South Australian

Museum and the National Museum, Victoria; in these

cases, paratypes are kept tor the British Museum. ;

208 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanidee from

PANGONINZ.

Diatomineura ruficornis, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Supp!. i.

p. 125. (1846) ; Walker, List (Dipti pt. w.,* Supyl,

1, p. 142 (1854); Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(7) v. p. 118 (1900).

Females and males from the summit of Mt. Wellington,

Tasmania.

I believe these specimens are Macquart’s species, the type

of which was examined by me at Lille in 1906, and the

following note made of it:—“ Palpi with the first joint

short, the second long, flattened at base, broad, ending in

a fine point. Subcallus fulvous, forehead darker. Thorax

blackish, with yellowish tomentum ; this describes it better

than Macquart’s remarks, the stripes he speaks of consist

of pubescence, sides with yellow pubescence ; the other

details of his description are correct.”

This species is very probably identical with Diatomineura

constans, Walker, as suggested by Mr. White.

Diatomineura constans, Walker, Dipt. Saund, 1. p. 15 (1850);

Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. pp. 1138, 118

(1900) ; White, Royal Soc. Tasmania, 1915, pt. ii,

Diptera Brachycera of Tasmania, p. 20.

Nine females from Waratah, Tasmania (Lea).

One female from Hobart (Lea).

Diatomineura auriflua, Donovan, Gen. Illustr. Ent. Hym. et

Dipt. (1805) [Tabanus}; Wied. Ausszweifl. Ins. 1,

p. 194 (1848) (Pangonia) ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (7) v. pp. 112, 119 (1900) ; id. (8) xvi. p. 27

(1915) ; White, Royal Soc. Tasmania (1915), pt. i,

Diptera Brachycera ‘Tasmania, p. 19.

[ Pangonia solida, W1k. |

[ Pangonia dives, Macq. |

One male and one female from Mt. Washington, Tasmania

(Lea).

Two males and one female from Devonport, Tasmania

(Lea).

Diatomineura brevirostris, Macq. Dipt. Exot., Suppl. iv.

p. 826 (1842); Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v.

p- 118 (1900) ; id. (8) xvi. p. 29 (1915).

Two females from Dorrigo, New South Wales (W. Heron).

Australia and the Fiji Islands. 209

Six females from Clarence River, New South Wales

(A. & FL R. Zietz).

Diatomineura testacea, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. i. p. 103

(1838) ; Walker, List Dipt. pt. v., Suppl. i. p. 145

(1854) ; Ricardo, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. p. 31

(1915).

One female from Cairns District, Queensland (Dodd).

Diatomineura abdominalis, 2 , sp. n.

Type (female) and another from Laurieton, New South

Wales, 19.10.15.

A species nearly allied to Diatomineura brevirostris, but

distinguished from it by the absence of any white or yellow

haired spots on abdomen and by the first posterior cell

being considerably narrowed at the border, only half open.

Length 15 mm,

Face, palpi, and antenne as in D. brevirostris. Forehead

parallel, also the same; the frontal callus when not denuded

appears to be small, pear-shaped. Thorax dresden-brown .

with short black pubescence, no stripes are visible; shoulders

with chiefly yellowish-white hairs continued on sides of

thorax as far as the scutellum, but they do not quite reach

the apex of scutellum; a faint white spot is visible on each

side of thorax near the suture, on the dorsum. <Addomen

amber-brown, mottled with blackish markings, smooth,

shining, with very short black pubescence; sides with

yellowish-white hairs ; apex and sides of posterior segments

paler in colour; underside paler with black spots. Legs

reddish-yellow ; the tarsi brownish, pubescence chiefly black.

Wings clear, stigma yellowish, veins brown, no appendix;

first posterior cell narrow at border, but open.

Erephopsis maculipennis, Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Suppl. iv.

p- 20 (1849) ; Schiner, Reise Novara, Dipt. p. 99 (1868)

[ Pangonia] ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v.

p- 106 (1900); id. (8) xvi. p. 28 (1915).

A series of specimens from South Australia appear to be

this species, Judging from Macquart’s description, though

there are a few discrepancies ; his type came from the East

Coast of New South Wales.

The wings have an appendix and two brown spots, which,

however, amount to little more than dark shading on the

transverse veins. Abdomen black, at base testaceous, with

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 14

he oe

210 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanidze from

median black spots on the first two segments. Antenne

red, palpi with the second joint a little longer than the first,

which is blackish; the second one reddish, black ateborders,

concave and broad, ending in an obtuse point.

Erephopsis lasiophthalma, Boisduval, Voyage ‘ Astrolabe,’

Zool. 11. p. 666 (1332) [ Pangonia|; Macquart, Suites

& Buffon, i. p. 193 (1834); Walker, List Dipt. Brit.

Mus. v., Suppl.i. p. 1389 (1854) ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 154 (1900).

The type was described from Cape Jervis, 8. Australia.

Erephopsis contigua, W1k., is not identical as Walker stated.

Pangonia fuliginense, Boisduval, is from New Guinea;

whether it is the same as Lrephopsis lasiophthalma is

doubtful.

Three females from Mt. Kosciusko in N.E. Victoria,

and two females from Moonbar, New South Wales (Mar-

grave) (1915), in Brit. Mus. Coll., belong, I believe, to this

species, answering to the description by Boisduval. Whether

the specimens Macquart placed under this species are

“identical is doubtful.

The wings have one dark band crossing the base of the

discal cell and the apices of the basal cells, and the trans-

verse veins at fork of third vein and apex of discal cell are

shaded ; there is the rudiment of an appendix present; the

first posterior cell is narrowed at border, but open. <Abdo-

men reddish with a black median spot on the first three

segments, then usually darker at the apex. Antenne reddish

yellow. Palpi same colour, very short; the second joint not

much longer than the first joimt, very concave. Forehead

twice as broad anteriorly as it is at the vertex, with dark

furrows above, continued to the antennz. Walker’s species

has two very distinct dark bands on the wings. LE. maculi-

pennis differs in the wings, which are only shaded, and the

first joint of palpi is dark.

Evrephopsis guttata, Donovan, Lllust. Ent, i. Hym. et Dipt.

(1806) | Tabanus}.

One female from Queensland.

Erephopsis gibbula, Walker, List Dipt. i, p. 140 (1848);

Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. pp. 112, 117

(1900) ; id. (8) xvi. p. 22 (1915).

Five females from Warren River, West Australia.

Australia and the Fiji Islands. 211

Erephopsis aureohirta, Ricardo, Aun. & May. Nat. Hist. (7)

v. pp. 112, 116, pl. i. fig. 10 (1900); id. (8) xvi.

p. 23 (1915).

Two females from Queensland.

Erephopsis doddi, 2 , sp. n.

Type (female) and others from Warren River, West

Australia (W. D. Dodd). The type is in the South

Australian Museum.

A species with shaded transverse veins on the wings.

Abdomen testaceous at base with median black spots and

blackish at apex and greyish or reddish segmentations.

Antenne blackish. Palpi very small, short, and concave.

Legs testaceous and blackish.

Length 15 mm.

Face reddish, with grey tomentum and long black hairs,

some white ones intermixed. Beard yellowish white.

Palpi testaceous, the first joint with long black hairs, the

second one conical and concave with curved upper border,

and a few short black hairs at apex. Antenne black, the

first two joints with long black hairs. Forehead reddish

brown with erey tomentose sides and with black thick

pubescence, broadest anteriorly, being quite a third broader

than at vertex; ocelli distinct. Thorax blackish with. two

narrow, grey, tomentose stripes on anterior half of dorsum

only ; pubescence as in EL. gemina, Walker. Abdomen very

similar to this last species, the third segment with a black

spot similar to the one on the second segment; hairs

on sides chiefly white, black on the third, fourth and fifth

segments; underside bright testaceous with a few white

hairs. Legs testaceous, but blackish on the upper sides of

- femora; pubescence black. Wings with tlie first posterior

cell closed or slightly open.

Pelecorrhynchus eristaloides, Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1.

p- 193 (1848) [Silvius] ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (7) v. p. 102 (1900) ; White, Royal Soc. Tasmania

(1915), pt. 1., Diptera Brachycera, p.22.

One male from Huron River, Tasmania (Lea),

Genus Sitvivs. 3

Mr. Taylor has lately forwarded me a copy of his paper

(Proceedings Linnean Soc. of New 8S. Wales, 1915, vol. xl.

EAS

912 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanidee from

pt. 4, Nov. 24th), containing eight new species of this

genus, which, with the four new species named by me in the

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvr., Oct. 1915, brings the known

species occurring in Australia to twenty. Seven new species

are now added, whieh are all distinct from those described

by Mr. Taylor, judging from his descriptions.

Silvius grandis, 2, sp. n.

Type (female) and another from Fortescue River, Ham-

mersley Range, North-West Australia, and another in the

Brit.. Mus. Coll. from N. Australia (J. R. Elsey), 57.13.4—

this latter in bad preservation. ‘The type is in the South

Australian Museum.

A lareze dark brown species; antennz, palpi, and legs

blackish. Abdomen with white-haired segmentations.

Length 15 mm.

Face \lackish, covered with grey tomentum and with

some white hairs. Palpi similar to those of a species of

Tabanus; large, black, stout at base, ending in a point.

Beard scanty, white. Antenne black, the third joint wide

at its base, the first two joints with black hairs. Hyes bare.

Forehead arrow, and narrower anteriorly than at vertex;

frontal callus narrow, pear-shaped, with long lineal exten-

sion; ocelli distinct; traces of golden-coloured pubescence on

forehead. Thorax (denuded) blackish brown, some white

hairs at sides and on shoulders. Abdomen blackish brown,

the segmentations white-haired, the other female has the

first and second segments partly yellowish brown; traces of

grey tomentum appear on segments ; pubescence on abdo-

men black ; underside blackish, with white-haired segmen-

tations. Legs blackish brown with black pubescence, the

tibia more reddish brown. Wings greyish, slightly tinged

yellowish browu; veins and stigma yellowish; no appendix.

Silvius fuscipennis, ? , sp. 0.

Type (male) from Claudie River, Queensland (7. A. R.).

Type (female) from Cape York, N. Queensland (J/ac-

gillivray).

Three females from Claudie River and one female from

Cape York. .

Tne types are in the Nat. Museum, Victoria.

A species apparently belonging to this genus, to be

recognized at once by the brown wings with one irregular

clear band and two clear spots.

Length 138-16 mm.

Australia and the Fiji Islands, 213

Female.—Face covered with yellowish-grey tomentum and

with a few white hairs. Beard white. Palpi fairly stout,

reddish yellow or darker in colour, Antenne blackish, the

first two joints rather large with black hairs, the third broad

at its base. Eyes bare. Forehead narrow, but a little wider

anteriorly, the frontal callus black, club-shaped, with an

extension not reaching the vertex ; forehead blackish with

yellowish-grey tomentum. Thorax and scutellum blackish

brown. Abdomen broad, blackish with narrow reddish-

yellow bands; underside the same, but more reddish brown.

Legs blackish. Wings sepia, the pale irregular band crosses

the bases of the first submarginal, the first posterior, the

discal, the fourth and ‘fifth posterior cells ; there is a small

clear spot at the base of the fork of the third longitudinal

vein, and a larger one on the apex of the discal cell,

embracing the base of the second and third posterior cells ;

stigma dark brown ; wing at base somewhat pallid.

In the female from Claudie River the palpi are blackish,

the abdomen on the first four segments is yellowish with

a black spot in the centre of each segment, the remaining

segments blackish with yellow segmentations ; underside

yellowish with broad whitish segmentations, darker at apex.

Male somewhat different from the female in the colouring

of the abdomen, which has black spots in the centre of each

of the first three segments, and the apical segments are

eutirely black ; pubescence on the yellow parts yellow, black

elsewhere; underside identical. Sides of thorax with bight

reddish-yellow hairs, dorsum deep black. Scutelium the

same, with black hairs. Wings paler brown than in the

female.

Silvius nigripennis, 2 , sp. 1.

Type (female) and another female from Claudie River,

North Queensland (J. A. Kershaw), 11/12 and 2/13. One

female from same place, 28.1. 14.

The type is in the National Museum, Victoria.

A species rather Tabanus-like mm appearance, and very

similar to Silvius grandis, sp. n.,1n all particulars, except

the wings; easily distinguished by its almost wholly brown

wings and black abdomen with white bands.

Length, type, 165 mm., the others 14 and 17 mm.

Face flat in centre, covered with grey tomentum and with

white pubescence. Palpi black, rather stout on their whole

length, ending in a short point. Antenne black, broad at

base of third joint, Tabanus-like in shape. Forehead slightly

214 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanidee from

broader anteriorly, about four times as long as it is broad,

covered with grey tomentum; frontal callus brown, pear-

shaped, with “short ‘lineal extension’; pubescence scanty,

white ; ocelli distinct. Thorax blackish, covered with grey

tomentum ; pubescence black, with some appressed white

hairs. Scufellum same colour. Abdomen black with black

pubescence ; bands of white hairs on posterior borders of the

first four segmeuts, not reaching the middle of segment ;

underside black with three complete white bands. Leys

black with black pubescence. Wings dark brown, pale at

the extreme apex, with a clear streak below the stigma,

and the extreme edge of the posterior border of wing

al:o pale.

Silvius fergusoni, 9, sp. 0.

Type (female) from Nelson Island, Hawkesbury River,

New South Wales, 26. 2.16.

This handsome species, named after the donor, is nearly

allied to Silvius nigripennis, sp. n., from the northern part of

Australia ; but is distinguished by the pale base of wing.

These two. species, together with Si/vius grandis, sp. n., form

a group unlike the typical forms by their larger size and

dark abdomens marked with paler segmentatious,.and by

their coloured wings.

This species measures 17 mm.

Face covered with hght ashy-grey tomentum and with

some silvery-white hairs in centre of face, and longer, more

numerous ones in the furrows between the face and the

cheeks, joining the beard of same colour. Palpi blackish,

with some ashy-grey tomentum, and short dark hairs ; they

are large and stout with an obtuse point. Antenne black,

the first two joints with black hairs, the third large and

wide at the base with a distinct angle. Subcallus same

colour as face. Forehead same .colour, narrow, parallel,

about six times as long as it is broad anteriorly ; the trontal

callus black, shining, not reaching the eyes, pear-shaped,

with a long stout lineal extension reaching the ocelli.

Thorax blackish brown, somewhat shining, with two grey

tomentose stripes and grey at sides; pubescence chiefly

black ; some white hairs on the stripes; pubescence on

shoulders long, black, with tufts of white hairs at base of

wings. Scutellum the same colour. Abdomen blackish

brown, the first two segments with broad grey tomentose

bands, which are repregeuted on the remaining segments

only at the sides; these bands have white liars, “thick kest at

Australia and the Fiji Islands. 915

the sides, pubescence elsewhere black ; underside is iden-

tical, but the grey bands are present on every segment for

their whole width. Legs black, the fore coxz with whitish

tomentum and pubescence. Wings blackish brown, darkest

on the fore border in the submarginal cells, becoming paler

at apex and on posterior border, and almost clear in the

basal, anal, and axillary cells; stigma blackish ; veins brown.

It is distinguished from Silvius nigripennis by the pale

base of wing, and by the shape of the frontal callus and

forehead.

Silvius niger, 2, sp. v.

Type (female) from Helensburgh, New South Wales,

9.3.15. Was resting on branch of low shrub; when dis-

turbed it circled round my head, evidently seeking to bite

(EL. WF).

A small robust black species, with a broad abdomen and

clear wings. Eyes slightly pubescent. Antennze and palpi

dull reddish yellow. Legs blackish.

Length 1] mm.

Face covered with brownish tomentum, paler on cheeks,

and with some dark hairs in the centre; on the cheeks they

are much thicker and long, increasing in length as they

attain the bases of cheeks. Beard same colour. Palpi

reddish yellow, curved on their upper edges, which are

clothed with a distinct fringe of black hairs, the lower

edges have a similar fringe; they are somewhat stout at

base, ending in an obtuse point. Antenne rather a darker

shade than the palpi, the first two joints with black hairs,

the third joint with a very few at the base and on the

extreme tip; the tooth represented by an obtuse angle.

Forehead same colour as face, with black pubescence,

parallel ; the frontal callus dark brown, very narrow, keel-

like. Ocelli very distinct. Thorax sepia, with two broad

grey tomentose stripes and grey sides; a few scattered white

hairs on dorsum ; long black hairs on the grey tomentose

shoulders. Scutellum a little darker. Abdomen blackish,

grey tomentum on the first segment; on the second, third,

and fourth segments appear short white hairs on the sides

and in the middle, not, however, joining each other to form

a band; pubescence elsewhere black ; segmentations with

traces of grey tomentum ; underside black with very narrow

white-haired segmentations. Legs black; knees reddish

yellow, the tibiz obscurely so; pubescence black. Wings

clear, veins yellowish brown, stigma yellowish.

216 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanidee from

Silvius montanus, 2? , sp. 0.

Type (female) and another from Mt. Tambourine,

Queensland (4. M. Lea).

The type is in the South Australian Museum.

A blackish-brown species with yellowish segmentations

on abdomen and traces of median yellow spots. Antenne

reddish yellow. Legs blackish brown, some of the tibiz

yellowish.

Length 10 mm.

Face covered with greyish tomentum and with yellowish

tomentum near the eyes; pubescence consists of long blackish

hairs. Beard whitish. Palpi stout, covered with grey to-

mentum and with black pubescence, yellowish at extreme

base. Antenne with the first jomt greyish, covered with

black hairs, the second yellow with black hairs, the third

reddish brown, apex black. Forehead broader anteriorly,

covered with yellowish-brown tomentum, brown in the

centre ; the frontal callus elongate, apparently broader near

the vertex; forehead covered with black hairs; ocelli distinct.

Eyes bare. Thorax reddish brown with two grey stripes,

most distinct anteriorly, covered with greyish-yellow hairs

and with black pubescence intermixed, and longer black

hairs at sides. Scutellum brown, with black hairs. Addo-

men brown; the segmentations widely pale yellow, with

white hairs, which form median spots ; pubescence black ;

hairs at sides chiefly white ; underside blackish, with white-

haired bands. Legs blackish, the fore and mid tibiz ob-

scurely yellowish, the hind tibiz reddish brown ; pubescence

on legs black. Wings greyish, the transverse veins shaded, .

the other ones faintly shaded; no appendix ; stigma yel-

lowish ; veins brown.

Silvius insularis, ¢ , sp. 0,

Type (female) and another from Bathurst Island, N,

Territory.

The type is in the South Australian Museum.

A small narrow blackish-brown species, with a greyish

tomentose stripe on abdomen ; legs pale yellow, the femora

darker. Palpi long, narrow, with truncated tips.

Length 10 mm.

Face reddish, covered with grey tomentum, and with some

short white hairs. Palpi yellowish, with black hairs. An-

tenne yellowish, the first two joints with black hairs, the

third wide at its base. Forehead almost parallel; frontal

Australia and the Fiji Islands. 20%

callus blackish, quadrate, reaching the eyes, with a lineal

extension, covered with grey tomentum. Ocelli distinct.

Thorax and scutellum reddish brown, with white short

pubescence and some grey tomentum anteriorly on thorax.

Abdomen blackish brown, with a broad median stripe of

grey tomentum and grey segmentations, and scattered

white hairs on stripe and segmentations ; underside dark,

with grey segmentations. Legs with some brown colour

on the femora and on apices of tibize and tarsi ; pubescence

white, with some black on tibie and tarsi. Wings clear,

veins yellowish.

Silvius indistinctus, Ricardo, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi.

p- 262 (1915).

Two females from Melville Island, N. Australia (W. D.

Dodd).

Five females from Bathurst Island, Northern Territory.

One female from Coen River, Cape York Peninsula,

N. Australia (W. D. Dodd).

Ectenopsis australis, @ 3, sp. u.

Male (type) from Milson Island, Hawkesbury River.

This type is not in the Brit. Mus. Coll.

Female (type) from Sydney (C. Gilbons), 16.12.14.

A species nearly allied to Kctenopsis vulpecula, Wied., but

distinguished {rom it by the very distinct stripes on thorax

and by the darker, not uniform, colour of abdomen and of

the face. The legs, which, however, appear to be variable

in colouring in the typical species, are here reddish yellow ;

the tarsi dusky.

Female.— Face and forehead chamois-coloured, with some

grey tomentum. dnitenne with the first two joints pale

reddish yellow with black hairs, the third joint with the

first division raw-sienna in colour, the next two divisions

dusky with grey tomeutum, and the remainder blackish.

Thorax covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, with a

narrow median brown mahogany stripe, becoming broader

beyond the suture, and a broad one of the same colour

at each side. Scutellwm uniform brown mahogany-colour.

Abdomen the same colour, with paler grey tomentose seg-

mentations, developing on the second, third, and fourth

segments into triangular median spots; underside almost

a uniforin paler shade. Appendix ef wing lone.

The male is similar, but the triangular median pale spots

218 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanide from

of abdomen are absent. Legs duskier. The following note

on the eyes of the male is furnished by the collector :—

“Eyes brilliant green, with reddish-brown lines across at

lower third; lines sharply defined below, fading above ;

similar line round whole eye. Eyes appear reddish brown

in some lights.”

TABANUS.

Group LV.

Tabanus angusticallus, 3, sp. n.

Type (female) and another from Melville Island, N. Aus-

tralia (WV. D. Dodd). The type is in the South Australian

Museum.

A small greyish-brown species, which may be included

in Group IV., as the frontal callus is only represented

by a very small black line. Antenne and legs reddish

yellow.

Length 74 mm. (type) ; the other female 94 mm.

Face and forehead cov ered with yellowish-grey tomentum ;

pubescence on face consists of a few white hairs and longer

brown hairs below and on cheeks. Palpi long and narrow,

hardly incrassate at base, yellow, with short black puhes-

cence. Beard. consists of white hairs below and brown

above. - Antenne bright red-yellow, the two first joints

pale yellow with black hairs, the third joint very broad at

base, with a few black hairs at angle. Forehead parallel,

about five times as long as it is broad, with some black

pubescence. Eyes bare. Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen

the same colour, blackish brown, with grey tomentum, and

with short black pubescence ; a few yellowish hairs at base

of thorax, segmentations of abdomen narrowly pale; under-

side with wider yellow segmentations and white pubescence.

Legs yellow, with black pubescence. Wings clear, grey ;

veins and stigma very pale yellow; long appendix present.

Tabanus nemotuberculatus, Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) xiv. p. 388 (1915).

Three females from Cape York.

Oue female from Claudie River, -N. Queensland.

Tabanus nemopunctatus, Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist.

(8) xiv. p. 888 (1915).

A series of females from Yeelanna, S. Australia, appear

Australia and the Fyi Islands. 219

to belong to this species, though the type came from

Queensland. These females have a broader forehead, wider

anteriorly, whereas in the type it is parallel.

Group VII.

Tabanus stranymanni, g, Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) xiv. p. 898 (1914).

One male from Cairns District (W. D. Dodd).

Tabanus rufinotatus, Bigot, Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, v.

p. 673 (1892) (Atylotus) ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) xiv. p. 892 (1914).

A series of females from Melville island, N. Territory.

Tabanus pseudoardens, Taylor, Austr. Inst. Trop. Med. 1911,

p- 66, pl. xiv. fig. 18 (1913) ; Austen, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. p. 265 (1914) ; Ricardo, ibid. (3)

xiv. p. 272 (1915).

A series of females from Cairns District, Queensland.

Group VIII.

Tabanus victoriensis, Ricardo, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

RIV p.2/0 (1915):

Females from Mt. Tambourine, S. Queensland.

Group IX.

Tabanus macquarti, Ricardo, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

xiv. p. 277 (1915). [ Zabanus limbatinervis, Macq.

Dipt. Exot., Suppl. iv. p. 333 (1852). |

A series of females from Cairns District, Queensland.

Tabanus neogermanicus, Ricardo, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

x1y. p. 283 (1915).

A series of females from Melville Island, S. Queensland.

Tabanus clavicallosus, 9 , sp. n.

Type (female) from Milson Island, New South Wales,

10. 1.15; other females from the same locality, and one

female from Sydney. (‘ Eyes of a dull brown colour when

alive’; note by collector. )

220 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanidee from

The type is in the South Australian Museum.

A small species allied to Tabanus neogermanicus, Ricardo,

but differing in the darker colour of the abdomen, and in

the shape of the frontal callus which is rather distinctive

for this species.

Length 11-12 mm.

Face covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, almost devoid

of pubescence. Beard composed of sparse white hairs.

Palpi long and slender, pale yellow, a little stouter on the

basal half, ending im a long point; pubescence on the first

long, white, on the second joint short and black. Antenne

bright reddish yellow, dusky at the tips, the first two joints

with black pubescence, the third not very wide at its base,

with a slight tooth. Forehead and subcallus darker than

the face, the latter often appearing reddish through the

tomentum; the forehead with black short hairs beyond the

frontal callus, which is blackish brown, not reaching the

eyes; large and club-shaped, ending in a very short point,

which is, however, drawn out on some of the specimens ;

the whole callus is long, olten attaining half the length of

the forehead, which is about four times as long as it is

broad and is the same width throughout. Thorax blackish,

covered with yellowish-grey tomentum and with appressed

pale fulvous hairs; pubescence on the reddish shoulders

black, some white hairs at sides at base of wings. Scutel/um

identical. Abdomen blackish brown; posterior halves of the

segments with greyish tomentose bands, extending in the

middle as indistinct median spots, most discernible on

the second to the fifth segments; some very short white

pubescence is present on the segmentations and is longer

at the sides. Legs blackish; the femora with some grey

tomentum, and at their apices reddish yellow, or almost

wholly so; the tibize reddish yellow, dusky at their apices.

Wings clear, stigma yellowish brown, veins brown; a short

appendix present.

Dr. Ferguson states that this is a common sp¢cies.

Tabanus milsonis, 2 , sp. 0.

Type (female) and another from Milson Island, New

South Wales. (‘‘ Occurs on the cattle, but is rare and hard

to catch’: note by collector.)

A medium-sized species, blackish brown, with yellow

palpi and blackish antennz. Legs dusky in colouring.

Abdomen with grey tomentose bands and spots. Wings

with an appendix.

Australia and the Fiji Islands. 221

Length 16 mm.

Face covered with pale tomentum and some white short

hairs. Beard white. Palpi pale yellow, swollen on their

basal half, ending in a point which is about equal in length

to the basal half, some grey tomentum on this latter; pubes-

cence black, white below. Antenne blackish, the first two

joints reddish, the third joint broad at its base. Forehead

parallel, about five times as long as it is broad ; the frontal

callus chestnut-coloured, oblong, not reaching the eyes, with

a lineal extension; forehead darker than face, with black

hairs. Yhorax blackish brown, with two narrow grey tomen-

tose stripes and grey at the sides. Scutellum ideutical.

Abdomen blackish brown with broad grey tomentose bands,

extending into blunt triangular spots in the middle; the

ground-colour under the tomentum often appears reddish,

and the sides are reddish yellow ; pubescence on segmenta-

tions white, and on sides, elsewhere black mixed with the

white at sides, and rather long and abundant at sides;

underside reddish brown with grey tomentum. Legs dusky

in appearance, the femora with grey tomentum, the tibiz

obscurely reddish; pubescence chiefly black, some white

hairs on the femora and long ones on their under sides.

Wings large, clear; veins blackish brown, with an appendix ;

stigma yellowish.

Group X.

Tabanus nigritarsis, Taylor, Report Austr. Inst. Tropical

Medicine, 1911, p. 18 (1913); Ricardo, Aun. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (8) xiv. p. 288 (1915).

Two females from Northern Territory.

Tabanus sanguinarius, Bigot, Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, v.

p. 675 (1892) [ Atylotus]; Ricardo, Aun. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) xiv. p. 287 (1915).

Series of females from Mt. Tambourine, S. Queensland.

Tabanus kershawi, 2 , sp. n.

Type (female) and another from Claudie River, N. Queens-

land (J. A. Kershaw), 11/12 and 13. 2. 14.

The type is in the National Museum, Victoria.

A small black species, at once distinguished by the pale

tibiz and the reddish-yellow antenne.

Length 10 mm.

222 Miss G. Ricardo on Tabanides from

Face black, with some brown tomentum and black hairs.

Palpi blackish, very stout, ending in a very short point ;

pubescence black. Beard black. Antenne reddish yellow,

with a very small angle on the third joint ; some black hairs

on the first two joints. Subcallus shining black. Forehead

a third narrower anteriorly, about eight times as long

as it is broad anteriorly, covered with grey and brown

tomentum ; frontal callus small, oblong, reaching the eyes,

with a lineal extension. yes bare, with traces of three

stripes. Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen blackish with some

few appressed grey hairs on thorax and scutellum, and on

segmentations of abdomen; pubescence at sides black. Legs

black, the fore tibiz whitish, darker at extreme apex, the

middle tibize and the hind pair wholly whitish; fore tarsi

black, the others almost wholly whitish. Wings clear,

veins and stigma yellow; no appendix.

Group XI.

Subgenus THERIOPLECTES.

Species with pubescence on the eyes.

Tabanus regis georgii, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. i. p. 132

(1838); Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi.

p- 276 (1915).

One female from S. Australia (Rev. A. P. Burgess).

(“ Eyes in this species are dull-coloured’’: note by the

collector.)

Tabanus circumdatus, Walker, List Dipt. 1. p. 185 (1848) ;

Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiv. p. 280

(1915); White, Royal Soc. Tasmania, 1915, pt. u.

p. 14.

(Tabanus nepos, W\k.; abstersus, Wik. ; brevidentatus,

Macq. ; and hebes, WIk., are all synonyms of this species. )

A series of females from Yeelanna, 8. Australia, and from

Swansea, Tasmania.

Tabanus cirrus, 2? , 8p. D.

Female (type) from Milson Island, Hawkesbury River,

New South Wales.

A stout, medium-sized, black species, distinguished by the

Australia and the Fiji Islands. : 923

tufts of white hairs on the thorax at base of wing and by

the white-haired fringe of scutellum.

Length 15 mm.

Face covered with ashy-grey tomentum and in the centre

with long, fairly dense, white hairs. Beard white: Palpi

yellowish with grey tomentum, stout at base, ending in a

rather short point; the pubescence scanty, chiefly pale.

Antenne dusky, the first two joints with black hairs. yes

very distinctly pubescent. Forehead broad, about three

times as long as it is broad anteriorly, where it is distinctly

wider than at vertex; forehead and subcallus a Itttle darker

than face ; frontal callus bare, protuberant, almost reaching

the eyes, pear-shaped, with a short lineal extension, pitchy-

brown in colour; pubescence on forehead black. Thorax

blackish brown, with two grey tomentose stripes and another

on each side below the suture ; shoulders reddish with black

hairs; a tuft of white hairs below base of wings, and ancther

continued to the scutellum; pubescence on dorsum black.

Scutellum blackish brown, fringed with white hairs on its

posterior border. Abdomen blackish brown, with broad

greyish-white tomentose segmentations and traces of white

hairs on them, which are distinct on the side edges of the

segments ; pubescence elsewhere on dorsum black. Legs

black, the fore cox covered with ashy-grey tomentum and

with white hairs; the tibiz-reddish yellow, black at their

apices; femora and tibize with chiefly white pubescence.

Wings clear, veins blackish; an appendix present; stigma

brownish.

Tubanus neocirrus, 2 , sp. n.

Type (female) from Swansea, Tasmania (Lea), and another

female from S. Australia.

The type is in the South Australian Museum.

A black species with whitish spots and segmentations om

the abdomen ; smaller than Tabanus cirrus, sp. n.

Length, type, 12 mm.; the other female 10 mm.

It differs from Tabanus cirrus in the following par-

ticulars :—Palpi slender, the long point nearly as long as

the slightly incrassate basal part, covered with white

pubescence. Third joint of antenne broad at base. Pubes-

cence on thorax black with many white hairs, which are

_long anteriorly and shorter posteriorly. Abdomen with a

distinct stripe composed of white-haired median spots: ;

segmentations also white-haired, thickest at the sides.

224 On Tabanidw from Australia &e.

Tabanus postponens, Walker, List Dipt. i. p. 179 (1848);

Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. p. 282

(1915).

Males and females from South Australia.

The femora are sometimes dark.

Tabanus pacificus, 2, sp. n.

Type (female) and another female from Suva, Fiji [slands,

30. vi. 1910 and xii.1910 (Dr. P. H. Bahr). Presented by

London School Tropical Medicine.

For list of species from these islands and surrounding

region, see Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. p. 476

(1914).

A narrow-bodied dull-coloured species; palpi slender,

blackish. Antenne dull reddish yellow. Forehead narrow.

Legs dull yellowish and brown.

Length 12 mm.

Face covered with tawny tomentum. Beard scanty,

brownish. Palpi long and slender, almost the same width

throughout; blackish with some greyish tomentum and a

few black hairs. Antenne tawny, the first two joints yel-

lowish with black hairs, the third joint with a small but

distinct tooth on its first division at base, clothed at tip

with some black hairs; the next three divisions are equal

in length, yellowish, the last one dusky and nearly as long

as the three preceding ones together. Forehead narrow,

shghtly narrower anteriorly, about six times as long as it

is broad anteriorly ; frontal callus shining dark chestnut-

brown, oblong, reaching the eyes, with a long, stout, lineal

extension reaching nearly to the vertex. Thorax muimmy-

brown, with some traces of grey tomentum and scme

yellowish short hairs, but chiefly black ones, on the dorsum.

Scutellum the same colour with black pubescence. Addomen

mummy-brown, appearing darker by reason of the rather

thick, short, black pubescence; there are small, whitish,

yellow-haired, median spots on each segment except the

last two, and indistinct, narrow, grey segmentations, not

visible on the apical segments, and almost absent on the

other female; underside with white-haired segmentations

and no spots. Leys mummy-brown, the femora yellowish,

pubescence on legs black. Wings grey, faintly tinged brown

on fore-border and on cross-veins; stigma and veins brown;-

appendix present, but very short.

On new Species of Hee.natopota from India. 225

XVI.—New Species of Hematopota from India.

By Gerrrupe Ricarpo.

THeEse species were handed to me for identification by the

Imperial Bureau of Economic Entomology, the types to be

given to the British Museum Collection.

Hematopota montanus, 2, sp. 0.

Type (female) and another from Bababuddin Hills,

Mysore, 4700 ft., vi. 1915 (Ramakreshna Coll.).

A small species allied to Hematopota latifascia, Ricardo

(‘ Records Indian Museum,’ iv. p. 355, 1911), having one

broad band extending across the apex of wing, but dis-

tinguished from it by the absence of a black band on the

face.

Length of type 8 mm.; the other female 10 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum and with small dark

brown spots on the upper part, in the other female there is

a trace of a black band on the lower edge; there is also a

dark spot between the antennz; hairs on face scanty, white.

Palpi pale yellow with black hairs. Antenne long and

slender; the first joint as long as the first annulation of the

third joint, only slightly incrassate, yellow with black

pubescence ; the second one very small, blackish; the third

yellowish at base, then dusky ; slender throughout. Fore-

head same colour as face; the frontal callus blackish brown,

reaching the eyes, straight on both borders; the paired spots

the same colour, touching the eyes, but not the band; some

black pubescence on forehead. Thorax yellowish brown

with appressed yellow hairs and some black ones ; scuéelium

same colour with black hairs. Abdomen mummy-brown,

with pale yellow segmentations and an obscure pale median

stripe; pubescence black, some yellow hairs at apex ; under-

side paler. Legs yellowish with blackish-brown rings ; fore

femora rather dusky and the others dusky at their apices;

tibize at base and apex blackish and a black ring in middle,

the fore tibize white at base, fore tarsi wholly biack, on the

other tarsi the basal joint is pale yellow; pubescence on

dark parts black, on the pale parts white; fore tibiz in-

crassate. Wings with the usual rosettes; the apical band

starts from the junction of the first vein with the border

and attains the posterior border, it is rather sinuous on both

borders; on the posterior border pale spots are present in

every cell; veins and stigma brown. -

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 15

226 Mr. C. IT. Regan on the

Hematopota hindostani, 2, sp. n.

Type (female) and two other females from DBababuddin

Hills, Mysore, 4700 ft., vi. 1915 (Ramakrishna Coll.).

A species in the same group as H. montanus, sp. n., but

rather allied to H. assamensis in the wing having a single

band at apex, not reaching the border; face with a black

band; palpi rather stout and short, pubescence on them and

on face rather thick.

Length 8 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum and with some white

hairs, and a black band on upper part of face. Palpi

covered with grey tomentum and with thick black pubes-

cence ; some white hairs on the first joint below. Antenne

dull reddish, the third joint dusky at apex, the first joint

rather stout, shining, with black hairs, the second one very

small, same colour, the third a little broader at base, the

first joint longer than the first annulation of third joint.

Forehead black, covered with brownish tomentum. Frontal

callus black, shining, reaching the eyes, with a straight

border and a black spot between the antenne. Thorax

muumy-brown, with three pale stripes anteriorly, the side

ones ending in a pale spot at the suture and there is another

pale stripe posteriorly at the sides; pubescence chiefly

consists of pale appressed hairs; scutellum same as thorax.

Abdomen same colour as thorax, with pale yellow segmen-

tations aud a pale median stripe; pubescence almost nil;

underside yellowish. Legs yellowish with darker rings;

apices of femora and the tarsi dark. Wings with the usual

rosettes, the apical band short, not reaching far beyond the

fork of third vein; sometimes a pale spot is visible on

border, but never joining the band; veins and stigma -

brown.

XVII.—The Fishes of the Genus Clupea.

By OC. Tate Keaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In a preliminary arrangement of the Clupeoid fishes in the

collection of the Natural History Museum, [ had put together

examples of Clupea arcuata, Jenyns, aid specimens received

from New Zealand as Clupea antipodum, Hector, as be-

longing to a genus distinct from Clupea; on going through

Fishes of the Genus Clupea. 227

the material a second time I find that such a genus cannot

be maintained, and that Clupea must be enlarged by the

addition of C. arcuata and the closely related C. melanostoma

as well as by the species generally known as C. antipodum,

but here called C. muedleri, Klunz., since reference to the

original description shows that the name C. antipodum should

be given to the species recently described by meas C. holodon.

The synopsis given in my former paper (Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) xviii. 1916, p. 3) may be modified to include the

three additional species.

I. Pelvic fins 9- (rarely 8- or 10-) rayed; vomer toothed. D. 17-20.

A. 14-20. Vertebrae 50-59. 40 to 51 gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. (Northern species.)

Ventral scutes: all keeled i7:.2.45 308 Aah clo ok ates 1. harengus,

Ventral scutes in front of pelvic fins not keeled .. 2. pallasi.

II. Pelvic fins 8-rayed. D. 15-i9. <A. 17-21. Vertebre 42-51.

35 to 40 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, (Southern

species.)

A. Vomer toothed.

Depth of body 4} in length. Scales 48/13-14...., 3. antipodum.

Depth of body3 to33in length, Scales45-44/10-1]1. 4. mwelleri,

B. Vomer toothless,

Vertebree 49-51 ..... Sabo ceitenicaonc Bors: axdher Aten 5. fuegensis,

Mental: 4 1 Ua: gel ds 7 Palate tants os 8h ee a'ee 6. bassensis,

LUI. Pelvic fins 7-rayed ; vomer toothless.

A. 34 to 40 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

A 17-21. Scales 44-50/12-15............2...0-- 7. sprattus,

B. 25 to 380 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

A 22-23. Scales 42/15. Depth 3 to 33 in length. 8. arcuata.

A 17-20. _ Scales 42/11-12. Depth 83 to 4 in

Peni h For tn da aeldcaces > psoas Lhamisegericat a = 9. melanostoma.

Descriptions of C. antipodum, C. muelleri, C. arcuata, and

C. melanostoma follow.

Clupea antipodum.

Clupea sprattus, var. antipodum, Hector, Edible Fish. N. Zealand,

p. 133 (1872).

Clupea holodon, Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. 1916, p. 5.

An elongate-ovate patch of teeth on vomer, a broad-ovate

patch on tongue. Depth of body 44 in the length, length of

head 4 to 43. Diameter of eye 4 in length of head ;

maxillary extending to below anterior part of eye; 36 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Numerous radiating

grooves at free’ margin of scales ; 48 scales in a longitudinal

series ; 13 or 14 ina transverse series ; ventral scutes keeled

and pointed, 21+12. Dorsal 16-17 ; origin a little nearer

to base of caudal than to end of snout. Anal 16-18.

228 On the Fishes of the Genus Clupea.

Pelvics 8-rayed, inserted below origin of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle longer than deep, Vertebree probably not fewer

than 46.

Stewart Island.

The type, from the Foveaux Straits, was 150 mm. long ;

the specimen in the British Museum measures 122 mm, in

total length.

Clupea muelleri.

Clupea muelleri, Klunzinger, Sitzungsb, Akad. Wien, Ixxx. 1880,

p. 416,

An elongate patch of teeth on vomer, an ovate patch

on tongue, Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of

head 33 to 32. Diameter of eye 34 in length of ‘head ;

maxillary extending to below anterior part or middle of eye; 36

to 39 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. No radiating

grooves at free margin of scales; 43 or 44 scales in a

Jongitudinal series, 10 or 11 in a transverse series ; ventral

scutes strongly keeled and acutely pointed, 19-204 9-11.

Dorsal 15-16; origin nearer to base of caudal than to end

of snout, Anal 16-18. Pelvics 8-rayed, inserted below or

a little in advance of origin of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

deeper than long. Vertebree 42.

New Zealand.

Five specimens, 90 to 100 mm. in total length, from Otago

and Canterbury, received from the Otago and Canterbury

Museums as examples of C. antipodum,

Clupca arcuata.

Clupea_arcuata, Jenyns, Zool. ‘ Beagle,’ Fish. p. 184 (1842) ; Giinth,

Cat, Fish. vii. p. 442,

A narrow strip of teeth on tongue; palate toothless,

Depth of body 3 to 3} in the length, length of lead 4 to 42.

Diameter of eye 3 to 32 in length of head ; maxillary

extending to below atehint 4 a eye; 28 gill-rakers on

lower part of anterior arch. No grooves at free margin

of scales; about 42 scales in a longitudinal and 15 in a

transverse series ; ventral scutes strongly keeled and acutely

pointed, 18-19+9-10. Dorsal 16-18; origin nearer to

base of caudal than to end of snout. Anal 22-23. Pelvics

7-rayed, inserted below or a little in advance of origin of

dorsal.

Uruguay to Northern Palagonia,

Barnacles from the Hull 0) the ‘ Terra Nova.’ 229

Five examples, 60 to 90 mm. long, three from Montevideo,

and two, from Bahia Blanca, types of the species, kindly

lent to me for examination by Mr. C. Forster Cooper.

Clupea melanostoma.

Pomotobus melanostomus, Eigenmann, Proc. Washington Acad. viii.

1907, p. 452, pl. xxiii. tig, 6,

Mouth toothless. Depth of body 34 to 4 in the length,

length of head 44 to 5. Diameter of eye 3 to 34 in length

of head; maxillary extending to below anterior margin or

anterior + of eye; 25 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. No grooves at free margin of scales; about 42 scales

in a longitudinal and LL or 12 in a transverse series ; ventral

scutes strongly keeled and acutely pointed, 17-20+9-10.

Dorsal 15-16 ; origin nearer to base cf caudal than to end

of snout. Anal 17-20. Pelvics 7-rayed, inserted in advance

of origin of dorsal. Vertebree 43.

Rio de la Plata.

Eleven specimens, 65 to 80 mm, in total length.

XVIII.—Barnacles from the Hull of the‘ Terra Nova’ :

a Note. By L. A. BorRADAILeE.

WHEN the ‘Terra Nova,’ with the British Antarctic Expe-

dition on board, was at Lyttelton, New Zealand, in 1910,

barnacles weie removed from her bottom, Some of these

were included in the collection of Cirripedes taken by the

Expedition, upon which I have recently reported (Brit.

Antarct. (‘‘l’erra Nova’) Exped. 1910, Zool. iii. p. 127, 1916).

Others came into the possession of the Otago Museum, and

are mentioned by Mr. Jennings in an article on the Pedun-

culate Cirripedia of New Zealand, published in 1915 in the

‘Transactions of the New Zealand Institute’ (xlvii. p. 285).

Unfortunately, at the time of writing my report I had not

Mr. Jennings’s work before me, and there are consequently

between our papers certain discrepancies. ‘I'he object of

the present note is to call attention to and explain these, as

follows :—

1. My Lepas affinis is Mr. Jennings’s L. anatifera, var. c.

If I had seen Mr. Jennings’s description of this torm, I

should still have thought it advisable to name it as I did,

because in my view it is as nearly related to ZL. hilld as

to L. anatifera, and all three forms are of the same rank,

23) Geological Society.

whether species or varieties. L. affints is undoubtedly a link

between ZL. anatifera and L. hilli, but in the circumstances I

have not proposed to reduce J. Ailli to the rank of a variety,

preferring to leave the discussion of its status till the genus

is next revised as a whole.

2. In the material at Mr. Jennings’s disposal were speci-

mens of Conchoderma virgatum and C. auritum from the

hull of the ‘Terra Nova.’ In the collection placed in my

hands neither of these species was represented from that

source. C, auritum, which was taken upon whales in New

Zealand waters by the ‘Terra Nova,’ is also reported by

Mr. Jennings from whales in the same neighbourhood.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 8th, 1916.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Aulina rotiformis, gen. et sp. nov., Phillipsastrea hennahi

(Lonsdale), and the Genus Orionastrea. By Stanley Smith,

GA. De, FGS.

The primary object of the present communication is a descrip-

tion of a new and interesting coral genus of colonial habit, Aulina,

obtained from the highest limestone that can be associated with

the Lower Carboniferous—the Fell Top Limestone of North-

umberland and its equivalent horizon in Teesdale, the Botany

Beds.

Since this form has been confounded with another Carboniferous

species, well known under the name of ‘ Phillipsastrea radiata

(S. Woodward),’ it has been found advisable, in fact necessary,

to extend the original scope of the paper so as to include a

revision of the genus Phillipsastrea and a description of ‘Ph.

radiata’ and its allies, which I have grouped together under a

new generic name, Ordonastrea. Several type-specimens, including

that of Phillipsastrea hennahi (the genotype of Phillipsastrea),

are described and figured.

The new genus from the Fell Top Limestone is a very distinctive

form, on account of the remarkable annular wall developed within

the theca, and may prove of considerable value as a zonal

index.

Geological Society. 231

The corallum in this gents, as also in Phillipsastrea and in

Orionastrea, represents a stage in colonial development in which

the epitheca of the individual corallites has entirely disappeared,

and these are consequently united by their dissepimental tissue—

a type of colony to which the term ‘ Astreiform’ may be applied.

Diagnoses.

Aulina rotiformis.—The corallum is massive, and the corallites

are united by their extrathecal tissue ; all the septa dilate at the

theca, and those of the major cycle again dilate at their axial edges,

in such a manner as to fuse together, and so build a cylindrical wall

or tube within the theca. The structure of the form is in most

respects similar to that of Phillipsastrea, but it appears to carry

forward the septal characters peculiar to that genus to a further

stage of development.

Phillipsastrea.—the corallum is composite and massive; the

corallites are united by their dissepiments, or are only separated by

a thin epitheca; in the former case, the septa are often confluent.

Major and minor septa dilate at the theca; the latter terminate

there, and the major septa attenuate and advance into the intra-

thecal region, and there often dilate again at the axial edge. ‘The

central part of the corallite is occupied solely by tabulz.

Orionastrea.—The characters of this genus are essentially those

of Lithostrotion, but of a modified form. The corallum is compo-

site and massive, and the corallites are either defined by a thin

epitheca, or, in the more typical instances, by no epitheca at all ; in

this latter case the corallites are united by their dissepiments and

the septa are confluent.

The distinguishing characters of the three species recognized and

described are as follows :—

(1) O. ensifer (Edwards & Haime). Septa not confluent. Columella present.

(2) O. phillipsi (McCoy) ........... Septa confluent. Columella present.

(3) O. placenta (McCoy) ............ Septa confluent. Columella absent.

November 22nd, 1916.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read:—

‘Characeze from the Lower Headon Beds.’ By Clement Reid,

F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.8., and James Groves, F.L.S.

The investigations here recorded have been made at Hordle Cliffs

(Hampshire), where the strata, below the superficial gravel, belong

232 Geological Society.

entirely to the Lower Headon Beds, and consist of freshwater

and brackish-water (more .or less calcareous) deposits, laid down

apparently in wide shallow lakes and lagoons. Such habitats are

the most favourable to the growth of Characez, and several of the

beds have yielded numerous remains of these plants.

There is a great diversity in the fruits of Chara found, repre-

senting evidently a number of species, belonging to several different

sections or genera. With the exception of a few, which are possibly

abnormal variations, the fruits can be roughly grouped under the

following eight types :—

I, Tuberculate series. (Type of C. twberculata Lyell= Kosmogyra Stache,

emend.)

(a) Spherical.

(b) Obovoid or pyriform, with distinctly prolonged base.

II. Non-tuberculate series.

(d) Large ellipsoidal (type of C. helicteres Brongn.).

(e) Medium-sized, subglobose, tapering more or less at both ends.

(f) Cylindric-ellipsoidal, showing more numerous striz.

(g) More or less pyriform: that is, definitely tapering towards the

base.

(h) Minute, subglobose-ovoid (long.=c. 350 to 500 p).

It is difficult to determine the exact number of species found,

on account of the extreme variability of some of the forms, but

the Authors consider that at least twelve may, for the present, be

conveniently treated as distinct.

The vegetative remains are comparatively few, consisting of

minute portions of stems and branchlets of different diameters,

and these it is impossible at present to connect with any particular

types of fruit.

Though investigations of some earlier formations have shown

that there are extinct forms of Characeze exhibiting important

points of difference from their living representatives, the remark-

ably distinct and characteristic oogonium of five elongated spirally-

twisted cells has remained constant certainly as far back as the

Inferior Oolite, and it is only in earlier formations that any doubt

arises as to whether bodies are or are not Chara fruits.

Characeze are found in still fresh or brackish water all over the

world, under widely different conditions as regards heat, etc., and

may therefore be expected to occur in almost all freshwater

formations. For these reasons it is suggested that the fruits of this

group of plants, when more widely collected, may prove of consider-

able value as zonal fossils for the correlation of lacustrine deposits

lying in isolated basins. Doubtless, on account of their small size,

the Characez have in the past often been overlooked.

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Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London.

CONTENTS OF NUMBER 110.—Kighth Series,

he oF Ks ‘a Ss at

, Sete Paes

XII. Coleoptera, Hateedhia Goialading Tenebrionide) from the

Seychelles Islands and Aldabra.. UF: GEORGE Cmarres Cnamerox,

PLS. (Pita VES eee ey ee Cae mG eee Ae ae

XIII. On new Species of Indian Cureulionide. —Part WL. 2

Gur°A. K, Maninier, DRGs eG oa isa men et ‘188

XIV. A Revision of the Clupeid Fishes of the Genus Pdlonula

and of Related Genera in the Rivers of Africa. By C. Tarn Regan, — eet

BOA oe So Ss ES Soy et arene gt pee aren ae ROB

XV. New Species of Tabanide from Australia and ‘the Fiji a ea

Islands. By Ggrrrupp Ricarpo ............ bee ay ae PU pe

XVI. New Species of Hematopota from India. By GerrrupE

Backs vgs eae i oe Bewethes Te wets eae ey eae re a2.)

Maa ea BARES oe ee ee joe eT TN ney 226

XVIII. Barnacles from the Hull of the ‘Terra Nova’: a Note. eg

By-L. As BOMB AER 2 eis os SEER es wanes oh eae

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. Steen

Geological Society ..-........0.04- ec Rae Tae «ee 230, 231 —

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No. 111. MARCH 1917.

XIX.—WNotes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. An-

drews.—No. XL. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D.,

F.R.S., &c., Gatty Marine Laboratory, University,

St. Andrews.

(Plates VII.-XIL. ]

On the Nervous System and other Points in the Structure of

Owenia and Myriochele.

Since the remarks on Owenia and Myriochele were made in

the volume on the British Marine Annelids lately issued by

the Ray Society, a few observations on both types were

carried out, though, unfortunately, no living forms could be

obtained ; yet Owenia formerly was cast on the beach at

St. Andrews in hundreds, whilst Myriochele is not uncommon

on the west coast of Ireland, and in certain foreign localities

it occurs in swarms. Such blanks, which may stretch over

many years in the British area, are in the case of the fishes

often regarded as evidence of serious diminution ; but, so

far as observed during a long period of years, neither in the

case of the fishes nor in the case of the invertebrates is there

much of a basis for this supposition. The two forms above

mentioned are of interest especially as regards their nervous

system, which differs from that in the majority of the

Polychets in having the cephalic system as well as the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 16

234 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

nerve-trunks wholly hypodermal. The latter arrangement

of the ventral cords is that characteristic of most Polychets

—yet about ten families have their great ventral nerve-

trunks enclosed by the muscular tissues of the body-wall,

besides the basement-layer, hypoderm, and cuticle, showing

how uncertain any single factor is in the classification of this

group. In the Archiannelid Profodrilus the nervous system

agrees with that in Owenia and Myriochele in being mainly

hypodermic, and in Saccocirrus and Sternaspis (though this

is not a Polychzet) the cerebral ganglion is similarly situated

and the ventral nerve-cord is not segmented into ganglia.

They contrast thus with the Nemerteans, in which the

cephalic ganglia are internal and the longitudinal cords either

enveloped in the muscular walls of the body or entirely

within them. It is further interesting, in comparing

the Nemerteans with the Polychets, that no Polychzt

possesses the proportionally large nerve-supply to any organ.

—a supply, moreover, more bulky in its distribution than in

its origin, and which undergoes remarkable changes of form,

both in contraction and dilatation—as that of the Nemertean

proboscis. Hence its lattice-like arraigement gave rise

to the term “ elastic layer”’ in the early memoirs. ‘This

feature is as noteworthy as the passage of the proboscis

between the dorsal and ventral commissures of the cephalic

ganglia. Some consider that this arrangement of the nerves

causes it to be an organof sensation ; but it is often thrown

off when brought into contact with foreign bodies, and,

though renewed, its functions for the interval are in

abeyance. In the Ammocharide under consideration what

appears closely allied to nervous matter is distributed as

a continuous layer beneath the hypoderm of the gullet—a

condition much more primitive than the elaborate system of

the Nemertean proboscis or than the proboscis of a typical

Polychet such as Nereis.

In glancing at the literature of the subject, it is found that

the acute and accomplished Claparéde, familiar as he was

with the ordinary nervous system of the Polycheta, failed to

find the central nervous system in Owenia “qu il m’a été

parfaitement impossible d’en trouver la moindre trace chez

POwenia fusiformis sur les coupes d’individus conservés ” *,

and he even had difficulty in discriminating the ventral cord

in the fresh animal. Yet he had described and figured a

similar condition to that of Owenia in Telepsavus costarum

one of the Chetopteride, in which the central nervous

* Annél. Sédent. p. 129.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 235

system forms asubhypodermic band resting on the basement-

tissue, and which Claparéde interpreted as a transverse

commissure between the ganglia*, yet to be considered as

the representative of the cerebral ganglia, and the two eyes

in Telepsarus rest on it. The ventral cords, moreover, show

no ganglia and are wide apart. He does not allude to the

minute structure of the nerve-tissue.

In 1885 von Drasche + gave a careful account, with figures,

of the structure of Owenia “filiformis”’ as it occurred at

Trieste, dealing in the first instance with the external

characters, and especially the “ Lippenorgan” at the oral

aperture, the hypoderm and nervous system, the muscu-

lature, alimentary canal, coelomic cavity, and long mucous

glands. So far as he goes, the structure of these organs is

correctly described, with accompanying figures. He could

not satisfy himself as to the “ nephridia”’ “and the mode of

exit of the genital products. He observed no nerve-cells in

the minute structure of the central nervous system or in the

ventral cord, only a fibrillar structure and Leydig’s punctate

substance. The ventral cord showed no ganglionic enlarge-

ments. Below the epithelium of the alimentary canal a

strand similar in structure to the ceutral system is briefly

mentioned, but nothing definite is recorded concerning

the nerve- supply of the internal organs nor concerning the

nephridia.

In looking around for analogous relations of the central

ganglia, it is found that in Phoronis Caldwell t observed that

the central nervous system remained in the epidermis, and

therefore represented the primitive condition. In the adult

the central system is in the form of a post-oral ring, the anus

lying outside it. In Phoronis buski of the ‘Challenger’ §

the nerve-centre rests on a broad plate of basement- tissue,

with the hypoderm externally extending from the nephridia

forward to the centre of the whorl of tentacles on each side,

and it agrees precisely in minute structure with that in

Cephalodiscus and Owenia,

The central nervous system in Cephalodiscus dodeca-

lophus || occupies an area of considerable proportional size at

* Annél, Sédent. p. 127.

ae ees zur feineren ee der Polychaeten,’ Zweites Heft,

Woe pp. 1 22, 2 plates.

if Proc. Roy. Soc. vol. xxxiv. _p. 372,

§ Zoology, vol. xxvii. part 75, pp. 18-21, pl. ii, figs. 1 & 2, pl. iii,

figs. 1-5

| ‘Challenger,’ Zoology, vol. xx. part 62, p. 23, pl. vi. fig. 3, and pl. vii.

fig. 3.

16*

236 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

the base of the plumes external to the median space, and ts

bounded externally by the thick coat of hypoderm and

internally by the basement-layer. It extends laterally in

the hypoderm along the basal region of the plumes and for

some distance along the dorsal side of the buccal shield. In

microscopic structure it is minutely cellular and granular,

intermingled with fibres, and corresponds generally in

position with that in Owenia and Myriochele.

Benham * (1896) described the central nervous system of

the “ Archiannelida”’ as in contact\with the epidermis, and

pointed out that in some Polycheta it holds a similar position

in the epidermis ; but he does not mention this condition

in the Ammocharide, which he associates with his Spioni-

formia, nor in the Chetopteride included by Levinsen and

himself under the same group or suborder.

Gilson (1897-98) devoted much attention to the structure

and function of the various parts of Owenia. Besides a

careful account of the remarkable secreting glands +, which

form such prominent organs, he has furnished an extended

description of the “valves septales” ¢t and of “ cellules

musculo-glandulaires” in the body-wall§. Perhaps the most

important contribution is that connected with the ‘ valves

septales,” wherein he gives a systematic description of each

septum, with its functions, one of the most striking being

the second septum (7. e., between the fourth and fifth seg-

ments), his sphincter muscle being in the position of the

ordinary oblique muscle at its insertion over the nerve-cord.

The muscular arrangements of this septum are specially

connected with the ccelomic fluid and the branchie. After

describing the special apertures in the septa and their

mechanism, he shows that apertures at several of these

connect the celom with the exterior ; that in the sixth seg-

ment two zigzag cutaneous canals springing from funnels at —

the septum between the sixth and seventh segments perform

the function of genital ducts, since nephridia are absent—a

feature of a peculiar character in a Polychet. In his paper

on the musculo-glandular cells he states that a peritoneal

membrane or ccelomic coat proper is absent in Owenia, thus

resembling such forms as the Nematodes, Acanthocephali,

many Annelids and Archiannelids. The body-wall is formed

by a combined musculo-glandylar coat—that is, it cannot be

separated into a muscular and a glandular layer. The inner

* Camb. Nat. Hist., Worms, Rotifers, and Polyzoa, pp. 248, 255, & 325.

+ ‘La Cellule,’ t. x. fasc. 2. ~

{ Ibid, t. xii. fase. 2. § bid. t. xiv. fase. 2.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 237

region of this coat secretes albuminoid substances, fat, and

urinary products. As will be shown subsequently, such is

a misapprehension of the structure of the peritoneal surface,

probably owing to the condition of the accomplished Belgian

author’s material.

In connection with Gilson’s opinion, for it is nothing

more, that the hypodermic canals in the sixth segment are

genital ducts, it is noteworthy that Arnold Watson observed

the reproductive elements in Owenia issuing from two pores,

to the right and left of the anus, a portion of the posterior

end of the body projecting from the anterior aperture of the

tube. Thus Gilson’s theory of the advantages of the ante-

rior opening of the hypodermic tubes (his genital ducts)

lapses, were it only by the thrusting out of the much more

delicate tail anteriorly.

Ogneff* (1899), working at the Naples Station, took up

the subject of Gilson’s ‘ cellules musculo-glandulaires”’ in

Owenia. In his preparations he found within the muscular

layer of the body-wall a protoplasmic and cellular layer

which lined the celom. In the muscle-fibres of the longi-

tudinal coat themselves were spindle-shaped cells with nuclei,

as Schwalbe first described in the muscles of worms and

Jamellibranchiate mollusks, and also on the surface of the

muscles in a protoplasmic layer. Over these, however, is a

layer of peritoneal cells, which are cup-shaped, with rounded

inner or deeper surfaces and flattened surfaces toward the

celom, with an oval nucleus, fat, and granules like the white

of egg in the protoplasm. A fine protoplasmic network

stretches from these amongst the muscle-cells. He thought

there were as many as fifteen to twenty peritoneal cells to

one muscle-cell. He did not consider that Gilson’s “‘ muscle-

gland-cells”’ existed in Owenia, the misapprehension being

due to the less elaborate methods of preparation and section-

making.

In 1900 a very interesting paper on Owenia fusiformis

was communicated to the Linnean Society by Mr. Arnold

Watson +, whose observations on the living animals are

noteworthy. His description of the lip-organ and its func-

tions, the occurrence of a prostomial pore, the discovery of

the emission of the sexual elements through twoccelomo-ducts

(anal pores), the structure and repair of the tubes, and the

rearing of the ova to the Mitraria-stage are the chief features

of this contribution to the life-history of the species.

* Biol. Centralblatt. Bd, xix. p. 156.

+ Journ. Linn. Soe. vol. xxviil. p. 259, pl. xxii.

238 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

One of the latest contributions is a histological paper on

Owenia by Ziircher,*, who enters into the minute structure

of the muscles, showing that the long spindle-shaped muscle-

cells have a spiral character (formerly noted by Ogneff),

which in transverse section give them a barred aspect. A

circular muscular coat occurs only at the second dissepiment

and forward to the branchial lobes. This also has spindle-

shaped cells with nuclei. He combats Gilson’s view, as

Ogneff had previously done, that there is no line of demar-

cation between the muscular coat and the peritoneum, that

the nuclei are rare in the muscular fibres and by-and-by

vanish, and that it is impossible to distinguish the nuclei of.

the muscles and those of the gland- cells. He points out

that the peritoneal nuclei are generally rounded, whereas the

nuclei of the muscles are oval and flattened, with the long

axis in the line of the muscle-cell. He goes somewhat fully

into the histology of the circulatory system (his hemoceel),

the main trunk consisting of a dorsal vessel carrying the

blood forward and a ventral trunk carrying it backward.

The dorsal forms a blood-sinus round the: gut to the second

septum, then breaks up into a network over the canal, the

trunks fusing at the first septum and sending forward a

scries of vessels to the branchie, the returning vessels

uniting to form the ventral trunk below the gut. The walls

of the vessels have a fine epithelial coat and a delicate circular

muscular Jayer with minute nuclei in their spindle-shaped

cells. The author also objects to Gilson’s statement that

no special constrictor to the alimentary canal occurs at the

septa, and points out that at the third septum an efficient

constrictor apparatus exists both for the canal and the blood-

sinus, the muscular apparatus showing the large muscle-cells

at the outer ends of the fibres. Posteriorly also the

alimentary canal is moniliform from its constrictions. He

is inclined to think that Drasche’s bladder-like tissue on the

ventral mesentery is part of the reproductive apparatus.

The ampullz on the ventral blood-vessel, which Drasche

observed to be rythmically contractile, are confined to the

genital region of the body, and bear the reproductive

elements on their outer surfaces, and, though they have

muscular walls, Ziircher would attach more importance to

their nutritive capacity. The red blood contains rounded

or lenticular corpuscles with nuclei, and some corpuscles

undergo mitosis. He found them in the ampulle and less

* Jenaische Zeitschr, fiir Naturwiss. Bd. xlv. pp. 181-220, pls, xv.-xx,

(1909).

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 239

frequently in the vessels and sinuses. There is a mixture of

venous aud arterial blood in the branchiz, The author

does not touch on the structure of the nervous system of

Owenia, the topography of the alimentary canal, the hypo-

dermic canals of the sixth segment, and other features subse-

quently to be described, and his main points are histological.

The illustrations are chiefly in outline.

No trace of a central nervous system is observed in

Owenia fusiformis till the folds of the mouth are cut in the

transverse sections*, and the first definite appearance of a

layer similar to nerve-tissue is the presence of a pale band

external to the stained basement-layer of the inner border

of a lateral flap of the mouth. It resembles a differentiated

stripe of hypoderm from which cells and pigment are absent,

hut the fine striz are continued tlirough it to the basement-

tissue, the whole being minutely fibrillar like the nerve-

tissue, and generally dotted with minute granules. Ti fades

away before reaching the free or ventral edge of the lateral

flap, and disappears similarly at the dorsal edge of the fold.

Then. (for it is difficult to cut exactly on the same level) a

corresponding band appears on the opposite labial fold.

This pale belt is considered by some, e. g., Atircher, to be

basement-tissue, but it seems to be somewhat different... In

any case, the contrast between it and the condition, for

instance, in the proboscis of the armed Nemertean with its

large strands of nerves and their reticulationus is marked, yet

* Whilst many advantages are gained by the use of paraffin, cellu-

loidine, and other substauces for imbedding, the old plan of fine sections

made directly from careiully prepared spirit-specimens is not without

value in checking the proportional thickness of the muscular layers and

other parts. Thus, in the case of Owenia the great thickness of the

longitudinal muscles of the body-wall can only be appreciated in this

way, and so with the proportional size of the mucous glands and the

tough nature of the basement-layer. In such preparations more than

forty years old the delicacy of the hypodermic! layer has caused most of

it to be removed in the manipulations before and after preservation, but

in every case the nerve-cord firmly adheres to the basement-tissue in the

mid-ventral line, thus demonstrating its comparatively tough nature in

contrast with the hypoderm. In such sections the gut fills the entire

area, with the exception of the mucous glands, though, of course, in life

the coelomic space was larger. The term hypoderm in the structure of

the Polycheta refers to the glandular and granular layer, often areolated,

beneath the cuticle. It is an ectodermic structure.

1 T am indebted to Mr. EK. W. Shann, B.Sc., now Captain in the

Northumberland Fusiliers, Mr. J. W. Pryde, M-A., now Lieutenant in

the Black Watch, and to Miss Harvey, of Ndinburgh, for aid in making

the various sections,

240 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

the functions of both are equally well performed. The

Nemertean brain, asin many Polycheets, is distinctly isolated

from the tissues outside it, and the same may be said of the

main trunks in that group. Here, in what is considered to

be a higher series, the opposite condition prevails, the nerve-

centre and main trunks being hypodermal, as are the cords

in the majority of the Polychets. In Owenia this belt

agrees in minute structure with that surrounding the central

system, and occupies a corresponding position.

With the disappearance of a central fillet in the dorsal

arch of the body-wall a slightly pale band is noticeable in

the hypoderm of the region, yet that layer passes to the

basement-tissue (which stains) uninterruptedly, a series of |

the ends of severed fibres being grasped in spaces bounded

by reticulations between the basement-tissue and the ad-

joiming circular muscular fibres. Then the pallor of the

inner portion of the hypoderm becomes more pronounced,

and in the next section or two (PI. VII. fig. 1) a distinct

nervous layer, as in Cephalodiscus, stretches along the mid-

dorsal arch. It shows both fine transverse and vertical fibres

or striz, and minute granules occur next the basement-tissue

(Pl. VII. fig. 2). It fades on each side into the ordinary

cells and areole of the hypoderm, which likewise continues

to the surface externally without evident break. The nerve-

tissue, in short, is marked by no hard-and-fast line from the

hypoderm, but is traversed by its fibres, and the neuropile,

nemoglia, and neurilemma of the ordinary Polychet ganglia

are not distinguishable. From end to end in section the

tissue has a uniform structure, and where, for instance, it is

separated from the basement-layer only projecting vertical

fibres and granules appear. Certain granules occur at its

outer border next the deeply stained cells and granules of

the hypoderm, but these could not be associated with the

nerve-band, the finely fibrillar edge of which coursed evenly

along. Insucceeding sections this great nerve-band stretches

downward at the sides, becomes more distinctly differentiated

from the hypoderm externally and the basement-tissue in-

ternally, and then a slight narrowing of the mid-dorsal arch

takes place, the lateral extensions being thicker. The mouth

is still divided ventrally in these sections, and the nervous

expansion extends over the entire arch of the body-wall with

the exception of a comparatively short region of the ventral

edge of the lateral lip, the thickest layer being lateral, for

the dorsal is now diminishing. A narrow layer, apparently

of basement-tissue, occurs, as indicated, simultaneously in

the sections external to the hypoderm Jining the mouth, and

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 241

at this level all round, though it is thickest ventro-laterally,

and it was this layer which was first encountered in front.

The structure of this lateral band of so-called basement-

tissue closely resembles that of the central system, and it is

possible that it may perform functions of a sensory kind in

connection with the lateral flaps of the vestibule. The flaps

gradually unite to form the lower half of the vestibule, the

thicker band of pale tissue still being retained ventrally

with a thin connecting-band dorsally. Proceeding a little

backward the main nervous band disappears from the dorsum

and is confined to the lateral regions of the body-wall, from

which it gradually thins off dorsally. Finally, when the

lip-organ appears in the section over the oral gap, a large

nerve-cord alone is left at the lower limit of the former nerve-

band (Pl. VII. fig. 3, me.), all the hypodermic layer dorsad of

it having assumed the usual condition. In sections of Sacco-

cirrus near the mouth Dr. Goedrich * found the lateral cords

(his “ cesophageal commissures”’) ina similar position. This

limited nerve-area presents in section pale, finely granular,

transverse striation, through which delicate fibrils from the

hypoderm external to it pass to the basement-tissue. When

the circle of the body-wall is complete—that is, immediately

behind the oral gap (Pl. VII. fig. 3),—the large nerve-cords

are situated a little below the middle line of the body-wall,

and have a blood-vessel in the muscle to their inner side.

The central region is still lined by hypoderm, and the thick

pale band of the inner layer is infero-laterally conspicuous.

Then the hypodermic layer of the vestibule passes into the

gullet, and sections of the lip-organ (/p.) appear, whilst the

hypodermic inner lining of the dorsal region is shut off by a

deep fold with a narrow layer of hypoderm from the vesti-

bule, the rest of the large arch above having a thick coat of

the same tissue. Externally, again, a change has occurred

in the mid-ventral line, for the thick lateral coat of hypo-

derm in which the nerve-cords lie has thinned off ventrally,

leaving a considerable area with just a trace of it; but this

appears to occur only for a short distance. With the

termination of the vestibule lined by hypoderm, and the

increase of the lip-organ in section, the ventral hypoderm of

the body-wall again gradually thickens from the middle line

outward. Moreover, the narrow pocket formed by the

first septum les on each side of the lip-organ (Pl. VII.

fig. 4), and then is quite shut off from the upper cavity

(vestibule) lined by hypoderm, and which represents the

* Quart, Journ. Mier. Sci. n. 8, vol. xliv.

242 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

gullet proper (which may have complex functions), sur-

rounded by a tough (muscular) investment, from which

various strands radiate to the body-wall amongst the blood-

vessels of the region. ‘The body-wall at this part has a

thinner coat of hypoderm both mid-dorsally and mid-

ventrally, its thick layer being lateral. The longitudinal

muscles form a somewhat thin layer of fasciculi ail round,

and the lip-organ shows a thick mass of modified vertical

cells with nuclei, each mass probably rubbing against the

other. The massive lip-organ then forms a thick-walled

tube in section, with a central cavity (Pl. VII. fig. 5) and

an external muscular investment, whilst the cesophagus has

a thick mucous layer, continuous with the hypoderm, to

subserve its special functions, the radiating strands and

numerous blood-vessels still continuing. ‘These radiating

fibres show that the movements of this thick-walled region

(Pl. VIII. fig. 18) must be more or less restricted, yet the

longitudinal bands, especially on its dorsal wall, would point

to protrusion and retraction. Externally the hypoderm— .

thickest laterally at and above the nerve-cords, which are

descending—has increased in depth dorsally, but is thin

ventrally. Behind the foregoing the lip-organ.loses its

central cavity (a fold) and diminishes in size, but its complex

muscular coat is proportionally thicker, and in thesurrounding

area the blood-vessels are larger. Finally, the muscles of

the lip-organ alone are visible, and then disappear, showing

that it is, in short, attached by a muscular stalk, first hollow

and then solid, though the sections would indicate that the

muscular fibres (retractor) are fixed to the body-wall close

behind and for some distance backward. Moreover, a fan-

shaped arrangement (Pl. XII. fig. 17) occurs anteriorly

where the fibres spread into the lip-organ. Besides, various

oblique and transverse fibres act on the folds and give

complexity to the movements (Pl. XI. fig. 16). A double

layer of muscular fibres, further, Jies beneath the basement-

tissue bounding the gland-cells—the one the reverse of the

other,—so that in sagittal section the cut ends of one series

abut on the thick inner (i. e. toward the ccelom) belt.

Gland-cells also occupy considerable areas internally at the

edge of the organ. ‘The whole structure of this organ there-

fore differs from mere labial folds of the vestibule, as more

clearly seen in vertical sections (Pl. VII. fig. 6), the densest

part of the cellular layer being toward the middle of the

ventral fold and thinning off dorsally and laterally. The

lip-organ, in short, is a highly differentiated apparatus, both

secretory and manipulative, for the tube-formation and other

Gaity Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 243

functions. It is interesting that Dr. Goodrich * found a

similar organ (his “ muscular pad’’) in Saccocirrus and

Protodrilus. The body-wall at this level again presents a

change in its hypoderm (which throughout has a firm

exterior film or cuticle), since, though somewhat diminished

dorsally, it is now of a considerable thickness mid-ventrally,

its densest part being at the nerve-cords, which have moved

downward, so that they are separated by about a sixth of the

circumference of the body (P]. VIII. fig. 7). The cesophagus

has special fasciculi of muscles laterally and dorsally, besides

the radiating fibres.

The next important change is the merging of the cesopha-

geal region of the canal, with its boldly arranged coat con-

tinuous with the external hypoderm, into the stomachal

region at the third septum, with its granular glandular

surface (Pl. VIII. fig. 7) and its external muscular coat, the

whole internal surface of the stomach being by-and-by thus

transformed.

At the commencement of this region of the gut at the

third septum a complex muscular sheath connected with

the lip-organ occurs ventrally, with thickened muscular

pillars at each side—abutting on a membranous space to

the exterior and just over the nerve-trunks, certain of the

fibres, moreover, a little further back being attached to the

basement-tissue over the outer part of the nerve-cords.

Blood-vessels occur in the large space which is thus soon

formed below the alimentary canal, and the vessel in the

median mesentery (which is attached to the upper border of

the mass of muscle stretching from side to side over the area

above the nerve-cords—a little behind the section figured in

Pl. VIII. fig. 7) is distinct, the special mesenteric area still

being visible externally, though much reduced in size.

Between the basement-tissue of the body-wall and this trans-

verse muscular mass he the ventral longitudinal muscles

(vm.). The great cavity appears to contain coelomic fluid

and corpuscles, and is shut off by a shelf of septal tissue

(Pl. VIII. fig. 7, bt.) continuous at each side with that of

the body-wall, whilst the upper area on each side of the

alimentary canal is occupied by elastic connective-tissue

strands and by the muscular fasciculi along the dorsal wall

of the canal. The body-wall at this region has dorsally the

longitudinal muscles (dm.), which may be held to cease at

the junction of the transverse platform of septal tissue a

little below the middle, of longitudinal muscular fibres

* Quart. Journ, Micr, Sci, n. s., vol. xliv. p. 415, sections 18 & 20.

214 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

ending at the junction of the ventral transverse band, and,

lastly, of the median (ventral) longitudinal fibres (vm.)

beneath the latter (Pl. VIII. fig. 7). The nerve-cords at

this part are separated by fully a sixth of the circumference

of the body-wall. The transverse septal plate above the

ventral longitudinal muscles has a central structureless part

—apparently of a homogeneous nature (pale and elastic),

the muscular fasciculi fraying out especially at the dorsal

surface and ends (Pl. VIII. fig. 74). In its progress back-

ward a change in the diminishing area between the nerve-

trunks is inaugurated, the homogeneous central region of

the transverse band, the anterior part of which is indicated

in Pl. VIII. fig. 7, being shortened transversely and increased

vertically, so that it pushes as a lozenge-shaped and then

wedge-shaped area into the centre of tlhe ventral muscular

mass, whilst the upper muscular fibres externally become

defined as more or less independent masses, bounded exter-

nally by sloping muscular fibres which simulate the oblique

in certain sections—at least, at their insertion. The lozenge-

shaped area of the homogeneous (for it can scarcely be called

“tendinous ”) tissue thins off on each side to a plate, to

the upper edge of which fasciculi of muscular fibres are

attached, whilst ventrally processes pass into the median

ventral longitudinal muscles. The whole thus forms a com-

plex muscular apparatus attached to the central tough tissue,

which gradually in its progress backward shrinks, leaving

the fused muscular fasciculi to form the massive ventral

longitudinal muscles as shown in Pl. VIII. fig. 8, vm. By

the gradual diminution of the tough central area of the

before-mentioned transverse band to which the median

mesentery from the gut is attached, and by the grouping of

the several longitudinal ventral muscles into a mass on each

side, the typical ventral longitudinal muscles are formed,

and at this part they exceed in bulk the dorsal muscles.

This evolution of these continuous ventral fasciculi out of

the elements in front is probably connected with a change

in the function of the contents as well as in the body-wall

itself,

The disappearance of the longitudinal muscular fibres and

the radiating strands from the dotsal wall of the gut leaves

the two halves of the upper division of the coelomic space for

ceelomic fluid only, and it is separated from the two much

larger spaces inferiorly by strong muscular bands at each

side of the transversely enlarged alimentary canal; yet the

appearance of the canal beneath—to which the median

mesentery is attached ventrally—apparently leaves a gap by

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 245

which the two cavities communicate superiorly under the

transversely enlarged canal.

The anterior end of the stomach is a narrow tube as seen

in Pl. XI. fig. 23, and in the various transverse sections. It

further presents a bifid border ventrally, a narrow process of

the cavity ending in a dilated rim on each side below, the

ventral blood-vessel and the mesentery occupying the gap,

whilst a spacious sinus surrounds the stomach. This bifid

condition gradually disappears, the organ assuming the

outline shown in P}. X. fig. 30.

A mesentery with the dorsal blood-vessel in the centre

passes from the upper arch of the gut to the dorsal wall,

and another mesentery, with the ventral blood-vessel, goes

to the mid-ventral tissues, the coelom being thus divided

into halves. Then a process from the wall of the stomach

above the rugose and somewhat triangular ventral arch

appears, and a little behind is tacked to the ventral portion,

and thus cuts it off as a separate canal with folded mucous

membrane internally, the longer upper chamber having its

inner surface smooth and symmetrically folded. The in-

ferior and somewhat pear-shaped chamber (PI. VILL. fig. 8,

st., stomach) is surrounded by blood-vessels, which form a

vascular plexus around it on their way to the branchial

region, and from its apex inferiorly a mesentery passes

to join a mid-ventral homogeneous (pale tough) area arching

‘over a special muscular region which terminates on each

side over the outer edge of the nerve-cord, now approaching

that of the opposite side.

At this level the body-wall has thin hypoderm in the

mid-dorsal line, then it imereases in depth laterally, again

becomes thinner, and then swells out ventrally at the nerve-

cords. Within are the basement-tissue and circular fibres,

then the dorsal longitudinal muscles (dm.), which end below

the attachment of the upper canal on each side, and the

ventral longitudinal (vm.), which are more massive, and

have the differentiated region with the arched fibres in the

middle line, such, indeed, forming the only separation

between them. This differentiated region is probably in

connection with the movements of the alimentary canal.

The nerve-cords in section show a granular and fibrillar

aspect, and they are much better differentiated than in front.

The occurrence of bristle-tufts makes the separation between

the dorsal and the ventral longitudinal muscles more pro-

nounced, and below the tuft is a well-defined pore of the

mucous gland with large nuclei in its cellular wall (PI. VIII.

fig. 9, mp.), one side abutting on the hypoderm, the other

246 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

having muscular fibres from the bristle-tuft attached to it;

and the hypoderm is thinned at the tuft and has an incurva-

tion at its upper edge, whilst it rapidly thickens above it.

Moreover, a distinct muscular slip (mec.) occurs in the mid-

ventral line, the remnant of the complex condition in front.

The next change is the infolding of the stomachal wall

(Pl. VIII. fig. 10, s¢.), the loss of its lateral connections, and

the termination of its cavity; whilst the intestine enlarges,

its folds become more prominent and alter their character,

resembling, indeed, the cesophageal hypodermic lining. The

intestine still shows a plexus of vessels, about seven, for

instance, being cut on each side, and they resemble buds

from the investment of the gut, though they are only sections

of longitudinal trunks with their internal and external

investments. ‘The dorsal mesentery and its enclosed vessel

now pass upward from the gut-wall, and inferiorly are the

ventral mesentery and its vessel, the membrane trending to

a fissure between the more massive ventral longitudinal

muscles, since the special median muscular area and its fibres

(shown in Pl, VIII. fig. 7a) have disappeared. The nerve-

cords are separated only by their own breadth from each

other, and they are, perhaps, more distinctly granular than

before. ‘The mucous glands, with their secretion rendered

fibroid by preparation, are now prominent, each placed

above the ventral muscle of its side. ‘The coelomic spaces

(Pl. IX. fig. 11, ¢.), reduced to one on each side, have a

translucent coagulum with granules.

When the nerve-cords touch and fuse (PI. IX. fig. 11, ne.)

it is seen that the glandular tubes in the ccelom approach

each side of the ventral vessel, and slope outward as they go

forward to the excretory duct below the bristle-tuft. The

gut has become pear-shaped, the narrow end being below

with its mesentery, whilst two mesenteries pass from the

dorsal arch and join before reaching the dorsal blood-vessel.

This arrangement makes an additional supra-intestinal

chamber.

‘The hypoderm still presents a symmetrical enlargement

just above the bristle-tuft on each side, this thickened region

being differentiated by the narrow layer immediately above

it, for it gradually deepens dorsally and again becomes

narrow as it reaches the mid-dorsal line. Trom the lower

edge of the bristle-tuft it gently increases to the nerve-cords

in the mid-ventral line. The dorsal longitudinal muscles

are thinner than the massive ventral, but they extend over

a larger area of the body-wall.

A little further back (Pl. IX. fig. 12) the gut increases in

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 247

vertical diameter, forming a long flattened organ extending

from the dorsal to the ventral region in section, and the

cellular lining is thrown intoruge. Both dorsal and ventral

short mesenteries are double, and the wall of the dorsal

vessel is more muscular. The gut has the same vascular

investment as just meutioned, and the vessels lie outside the

mesentery just alluded to. At the next bristle-bundle a

pore similar to the first gives issue to the secretion of the

second pair of glandular tubes. The ventral longitudinal

muscles retain their more massive outline,

After an interval the body (Pl. IX. fig. 13) increases in bulk

proportionally, but the hypoderm becomes thinner all round,

the thickest part being that situated ventrally on each side of

the nerve-cords. The ventral longitudinal muscles pass far

upward, and encroach on the dorsal, which occupy only the

upper arch of the body, and each pair has a distinct median

notch into which the mesentery fits, the ventral mesentery

having the ovaries or spermaries attached to it laterally,

aud the contents of which are shed into the celom. Two

mucous glands in section occupy the upper half of the

coelom on each side, and the nuclei of the cells forming their

walls are regularly arranged. The gut stretches nearly from

dorsal to ventral arch, held in position by the median

mesenteries and also by the septa at intervals. The double

attachment superiorly forms a blood-channel, which com-

municates with a sinus (séz.) surrounding the gut, so that

here, instead of the isolated though reticulated vessels, there

is a continuous blood-channel—a development in all proba-

bility attained only in the adult or nearly adult condition.

The nerve-cord still has numerous hypodermic fibres passing

from the outer to the inner (ventral to dorsal) or vice versa,

and, in addition, fine reticulations and granules, some of

which are probably nuclei. Usually a slight ventral furrow

and a median peak dorsally indicate the double nature of the

area. The second pair of glandular tubes is situated to the

exterior of the first pair in transverse sections.

The sixth segment is distinguished by the presence of

Gilson’s epidermal tubes, which stretch from the septum

between the sixth and seventh segments to that in front.

‘They are readily recognized ‘by their position in transverse

sections, viz., dorsad of the groove (Gilson’s “ gouttiére de

la soie’”’) which runs along the dorso-lateral region. They

are canals of considerable size, and are separated from the

basement-layer by a stratum of cells, the cavity in section

being also bounded externally by an arch of hypodermic

cells, Gilson supposed that these hypodermic canals served

248 Prof. M‘Intosl’s Notes from the

for the transmission of the reproductive elements, and

possibly also for an interchange between the coelomic cavity

and the exterior as in certain Oligochets. True nephridia,

at any rate, are absent in Owenia.’ Whatever the function of

these canals may be, Arnold Watson has shown that sperms

and ova escape by different channels.

In front of the tail the hypodermic coating of the surface

is of moderate thickness. ‘The massive muscular investment

is conspicuous, and it is difficult to distinguish where the

dorsal longitudinal muscle ends and the ventral begins,

though a fold above the mucous gland seems to indicate the

separation. The nerve-cords have shrunk to a small lenti-

cular area, which in minute structure has the same fibrillar

and granular character as in front. The intestine, held in

position by a dorsal and a ventral mesentery, is considerably

less, but it has large vessels or sinuses on each side, the

ampullee from the ventral vessel passing into the large gonad

below the gut. Two mucous glands are still in evidence

under the dorsal wall, and they have the same character as

in front. Moreover, their ducts open above the long line

ef hooks in the space between these and the bristle-tuft,

which is now dorsal in position, and so leave the entire

Jateral wall to the hooks; thus the restricted area occupied

by the dorsal longitudinal muscles is defined. The whole

lateral and ventral regions are covered by the ventral longi-

tudinal muscles, which, however, are much thinner than the

dorsal, the reverse of the Eatidiaen in front. The con-

spicuous development of the gonads in this region and the

ampulle of the ventral vessel are noteworthy. The mucous

glands have now ceased (PI, IX. fig. 14).

One of the interesting features toward the tail is the

occurrence of the septa (P1. IX. fig. 15). Their first appear-

ance is indicated by the envelopment of the intestine and

its blood-sinuses by a sheath which springs from each side

of the vertical mesentery under the dorsal blood-vessel, and

stretches to the mid-ventral mesentery considerably below

the ventral blood-vessel. In such a view it might be sup-

posed that the middle of the septum has been sliced, leaving

the upper and lower attachments ; but such will not explain

all the outlines of these posterior septa.

Reproductive elements occur in the spaces outside the

septum as well as within it and its areas. Then the upper

and lower arches separate, each having a zigzag outline as

it passes to the body-wall. The ceelom is thus divided into

six areas—two dorsal, two ventral, and the lateral with the

gonads inferiorly on each side of the gut.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 249

The first appearance of the septum in the sections is

heralded by a tuft of muscular fibres attached to the exterior

of the gut-wall and the ventral septum; then the muscular

ring (the ventral septum and the gut being free) loosely en-

velops the gut and its vessels, besides the ventral blood-vessel

and its mesentery, almost to the ventral longitudinal muscles,

but leaves the dorsal blood-vessel for the most part free.

The septum, indeed, springs on each side from the lower

wall of the vessel, and encloses that part of the mesentery

between the vessel and the sinus around the gut, whilst the

distal part of the mesentery passes freely to the gap between

the dorsal longitudinal muscles. This muscular sheath or

tubular chamber by-and-by swells out into a large area, its

upper arch or roof being attached on each side to the body-

wall between the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles,

and its floor stretches from the median ventral mesentery

to the wall of the body a considerable distance below the

attachment of the roof. This chamber encloses thealimentary

apparatus and the gonads, but the more advanced sperms

lie in the two ceelomie chambers outside its roof—that is,

between the latter and the body-wall (Pl. IX. fig. 15). It

is difficult to explain the exact nature of these septa—

whether they are modifications of the ordinary septa, which

extend far backward in the caudal region, or only the

ordinary septa sliced so as to present these characteristic

appearances,—for it is unlikely that two septa would fall

into the line of section. These septa seem to differ in

disposition and aspect from those in frout, and are probably

associated with the special functions of the caudal region—

respiratory, purely intestinal, or otherwise.

On viewing the animal externally from the dorsum, a

broad fillet passes from each side of the collar anteriorly and

slopes obliquely inward and backward on the dorsum to the

constriction behind the third bristle-tuft, then bends a little

outward, and is continued along the dorso-lateral region

posteriorly. A groove exists at the collar just below the

anterior end, and which apparently is functional also for the

median ventral ridge and groove, so that, if ciliated, it may

send a current outward and forward to it. These ridges

apparently are those which show the remarkable pennate

arrangements in the hypoderm in the preparations (PI. IX.

fig. 20)..

In certain longitudinal sections (Pl. VIII. fig. 18) the dark

pigment stretches as a broad band behind the collar, a gap

intervening between it and the edge of the fold behind, such

probably representing a sensory groove, and its borders have

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix, 17

230 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

the specially modified cells. Von Drasche* figures’ the

pigment only behind the collar, and his “ ganglion ”’ is small

and considerably in front of the collar, thus diverging from

the condition described here. Ziircher does not deal with

this region.

In longitudinal sections a marked feature is the pennate

condition of the hypoderm of the anterior region—that is,

between the first and second dissepiments, as well as a little

in front of the former in certain cases ; and it appears to be

specially developed on the dorsum. The hypoderm is there

thrown into a series of ridges, which in section present a

streaked granular basal region terminating externally in

a pennate and symmetrical series of small granular cells,

after the manner of the barbs of a feather (Pl. IX. fig. 20),

the breadth of the ridge varying, whilst the processes (in

section) increase in size from behind forward, culminating

in the collar with the deep groove in front (Pl. XL fig. 16, and

Pl. VILL. fig. 18). Some of the ridges, springing from the

continuous base, are narrow distally, so that the lateral rows

of cells are close on the midrib and a few are more or less

conical. The transition from the hypoderm of the succeeding

segment is by a gradual modification in the arrangement

of the vertical cells, which by-and-by are fan-like and then

pennate. This pennate condition in the preparations of

the hypoderm is apparently limited in distribution, since it is

absent in most sections both dorsally and ventrally, and Von

Drasche neither mentions nor figures it. Moreover, in trans-

verse sections, so far as observed, it is not seen, and therefore

may be due to the arrangement of the cells in a vertical plane

after preparation. An-approach to this condition of the

hypodermic cells is observed in some longitudinal sections

of Myzicola, but it is less distinct than in Owenia, and is

probably due likewise to the effect of the preservative fluid

acting on a thick glandular hypoderm. ‘The inner edge of

the collar has a series of minute cells along its anterior

border, and a fan-like series of strands and cells posteriorly,

whilst the tip is symmetrically pennate. The anterior curve

of the furrow is furnished with a special series of granular

pigmented cells, oc., closely arranged at the surface, and

which probably have the functions of eyes. They extend

the whole length of the collar from side to side on the

dorsal surface, and are partly protected by that fold (Pl. VIII.

fig. 18, and Pl. XI. fig. 16).

The mucous glands (mg.) present either a characteristic

* Op. eit. Taf. i. fig. 3.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 258

pennate aspect in longitudinal section or a series of straight

or curved transverse bars, according as the long tube is cut

in a median or lateral plane (PI. X. fig. 19). In the former

case a central axis of the secretion is flanked on either side

by a series of plates, often slanting distally, and containing

an occasional nucleated cell or a series of granules in the

plate. Such a condition may be due to the action of the

preservative spirit, or to the method of secretion, but it is

worthy of note. The slender posterior ends of these glands

are curved forward and outward. The secretion forms a

lining to the tube, and attaches foreign structures such as

sand-particles and foraminifera to it externally ; and in

many cases, so firmly do the annelids adhere to it after

preservation, that rupture of the tissues accompanies their

removal.

The hypoderm covering the mouth and buccal region,

including the “lip-organ,” differs from that on the surface

of the body and branchie. It is bounded bya uniform and

definite investment, and has a finely-granular and fibrillar

structure, so that it forms a tougher, more massive, and

more consistent layer, which, however, at certain parts

diminishes in thickness as it approaches the branchie. It

rests on a basement-layer having beneath it a complex series

of muscular fibres. The same kind of hypoderm dips down

and envelops the lip-organ, though it is more translucent

in section, from the paucity of granules which stain more

deeply. Then the organ forms a deep furrow (Pl. VII. fig. 6)

with massive pale walls, whilst a double fold which now

appears to the inner side, as well as the folds dorsad of the

mouth, stain distinctly, as also do all the folds of the mouth

and pharynx. ‘The pale region thus lies in the figure between

a and a in the centre of the organ, but it thins off on each

side—that is to say, the middle region of the fold has thickest

walls. The buccal mucous membrane is like that first men-

tioned in the lateral area of the cephalic region, viz., closely

fibrous and granular, and it continues to the second dia-

phragm. It rests on a basement-membrane and a firm

outer layer of both circular and longitudinal muscular fibres,

the anterior or buccal region having numerous trabecule

fixing it to the body-wall ; and this is specially marked at

the thick pale folds (lip-organ, /p., in the various figures).

The anterior buccal region is probably capable of partial

protrusion. In front of the second diaphragm the folds of

the canal have thick muscular walls, so that a certain amount

of differentiation exists—either as proventriculus or stomach.

Behind the second dissepiment the walls of the canal are

Liz

252 Prof. M'Intosh’s Notes from the

apparently uniform, and contain mud rich in organic

remains.

The former or stomachal region enters the following or

intestinal region by an aperture which is thrust backward as

acone. Moreover, the walls of the organ undergo a struc-

tural differentiation, for a short distance before reaching the

aperture (text-fig.) they become finely reticulated and dotted

as if formed of muscular or erectile tissue (ec.), whilst the

lining of the tube consists of the same mucous membrane

as in front. Further, the adjoining circular fold of the

diaphragm (sp¢.3) is provided with a similar, though

thinner, layer of the same tissue (ec.), which likewise

Longitudinal section of the alimentary apparatus at the third septum,

spt. 3, showing traces of the special muscular layer, ec., enveloping

the posterior wall of the stomach and its sinuses, and continued

over the valvular region, val.; hp., hypoderm; cel.c., coelomic

corpuscles ; mg., mucous glands.

occurs in two of the folds of the organ in front of the

foregoing. This tissue is apparently muscular, and its

minute structure is interesting as showing the peculiar

muscle-cells with their granular contents and nuclei which

stud the free border of the muscle. Zircher * has given a

good description and figures of the structure of this tissue.

It evidently controls not only the wall of the canal but the

blood-sinus on its outer surface, and thus may have con-

siderable effect on the main trunks proceeding forward

to the branchiw. The ccelomic corpuscles often form a

_ * Op. eit. p, 208, and figs. 33 & 35.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 253

translucent mass (cwl.c.) behind the diaphragm and on

each side of thejgut.

Myriochele, the second genus of the Ammocharide, differs

from Owenia in the simplicity of its anterior end, for it is

broadly truncated, with a smooth margin, a deep pit or

vestibule leading to the mouth, and a ventral fissure; yet it

is found that, though the branchiz are absent, the nervous

system is formed much on the same plan as that of Owenia.

Myriochele is even more broadly truncate than Owenia, and

as a transparent object its large blood-vessels in front

and the great longitudinal mucous glands which follow

give the body a striped aspect.

The cilia covering the large funnel-shaped oral cavity of

Myriochele are long and powerful, so that the currents they

cause are probably considerable. Moreover, the oral aperture

is oblique, the rim dipping backward to the notch at the

ventral border, thus somewhat resembling the condition in

the young of Owenia, though the oral gap is larger.

In the early sections of the snout of Myriochele the

hypoderm presents more distinct elements thau in Owenia,

and it appears to be somewhat thicker, its minute cells and

‘ granules in the gelatinous matrix being conspicuous. The

sections have a horseshoe-shaped appearance, the wide oral

gap beneath forming the heel of the shoe, which, however,

is tapered at the tip, the wall thinning off at each side. The

exterior of the shoe has cuticle, glandular hypoderm, and

basement-tissue resting on a gelatinoid layer which has

numerous minute nucleated cells along both outer and

inner borders. Basement-tissue, again, bounds the vesti-

bular hypoderm on the inner border, which differs from that

of the outer wall in having a distinct inner coat, from which

cilia probably spring. The basement-layer in both cases

is apparently elastic. The surface-layer of hypoderm

often presents clear spaces or vacuoles—probably from

rupture and extrusion of the glandular tissue. Moreover,

its external surface forms a more definite cuticle, whilst its

inner border rests on the basement-layer, no nervous belt

appearing in the first sections; but circular fibres occur

within the basement-layer, and then a well-developed longi-

tudinal coat of muscle which stretches downward to the

oral edge, from which the epithelium of the mouth passes

inward (PI. XI. fig. 22) as a thick layer of cylindrical cells

with nuclei, bounded internally by a thin sheet of circular

fibres and a few longitudinal strands. The space (ccelom)

between the body-wall and the oral wall shows many

254 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

granular cells with fine connective-tissue fibres at certain

parts, besides blood-vessels. Then a narrow pale belt

becomes distinct within the circular fibres and basement-

tissue of the oral wall, apparently corresponding to the

pale sensory layer of Owenia in the same region. The

nerve-centre appears as a narrow pale granular band in

section at the inner border of the hypoderm of the body-

wall, and stretching downward from the dorsum (PI. XI.

fig. 22) as it passes by-and-by into the trunks connecting

it with the ventral cord. This region therefore represents

the prostomium, though devoid of any external indication.

The minuteness of the nerve-centre in comparison with that

of Owenia renders its finer details obscure, and it is more

transparent. No fine strands from the hypoderm could be

made out, the slightly prominent cells and interstitial tissue

alone appearing at the edge, whilst its inner border rested

on a smooth basement-tissue. Its position and extent

agree with that in Owenia.

In horizontal (longitudinal) sections the central nervous

system appears as an area at the inner border of the hypo-

derm about the point of the V-shaped oral funnel (Pl. XI.

fig. 23), and its transverse breadth is shown by its appearing

on each side in these sections. So far as can be ascertained

in the preparations, no special sensory apparatus is present

either in the form of a groove or deposit of pigment in the

body-wall, but the pigment may have been removed by

long preservation in spirit. Therein it differs from Owenia

with its pigmented cells and its groove.

Then, the hypoderm, again, extends over the whole depth

to the basement-layer dorsally, and the nerve-cords are

differentiated laterally—at first high up, nearly on a level

with the dorsal arch of the mouth (Pl. XI. fig. 25), and

then gradually descending as in Owenia. Very soon

between the mid-dorsal and the oral walls a blood-vessel

appears, and one in each lateral space, the counective-tissue

strands and cells which connect the walls apparently

keeping them more or less in position, the vessels being

proportionally large for the size of the annelid and perhaps

subserving respiration (P]. XI. fig. 25 and Pl. XII. fig. 24,

bv.). When the body-wall becomes continuous—that is,

just behind the ventral (oral) slit—the cords have reached

the commencement of the lower third of the body-wall, and

the median arch dorsally and the mid-lateral regions of the

gullet present the thickest layer of cells, the upper angles

and the lower edges being thinner. Moreover, a section of

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 255

the lip-organ (Jp.) appears. A pale band indicates a differ-

entiation outside the cellular layer dorsally and another

laterally. The chamber by-and-by assumes a figure-of-8

outline, the section of the lip-organ occurring in the lower

division; and this shows a dorsal lenticular.region of firm

pale nucleated cells, somewhat symmetrically arranged, the

lower part still having its cavity surrounded by the softer

and more deeply-stained nucleated cells of the vestibule

(Pl. XI. fig. 26). The figure-of-8 outline of the chamber

is now complicated by a median process on each side and by

the appearance of a diverticulum (gullet) dorsally, whilst the

increase in its size diminishes the space between it and the

body-wall laterally and superiorly, though from the first it

clings to that wall ventrally. The pale streaked dorsal region

of the lip-organ is gradually increasing in size as the sections

pass backward ; the diverticulum joins the upper region of

the canal, which is soon separated from the lower by the

junction of the median processes or isthmuses, thus con-

fining the lip-organ to a special chamber (PI. XII. fig. 27).

Theeupper chamber is lined by the soft cellular mucous

coat; the lower has a thin lining of epithelium, with longi-

tudinal and a few circular muscular fibres externally, the

whole becoming continuous with the upper edge of the lip-

organ on each side, the remains of the ventral wall with its

mucous lining at first linking it to the lip-organ and theu

disappearing, the mid-ventral region being occupied by

strong muscular fibres, probably the protractor of the

organ. The nerve-cords are on each side and widely

separated, and the ventral wall of the body is very thin.

A blood-vessel lies on each side at the upper edge of the

lower chamber; a section of a succeeding part of the canal

appears at the upper border of the wall of the lower chamber,

aud soon stretches across the entire region. A change

is also taking place in the upper chamber, the lower region

of which is thickened and its cells rendered paler. In the

roof of the lower chamber the cells are assuming the chordoid

condition of those in the lower region, so that very soon both

halves make an efficient organ for compression or manipu-

lation. The upper chamber becomes also smaller, and the

space between the two larger. Strong muscular fascicules

appear both dorsally and ventrally over the lingual organ in

the lower chamber; and the nuclei in the elongated cells of

the modified organ form a row nearer the outer than the

inner border. In the interval between the upper and lower

chambers another diverticulum of the upper chamber has

256 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

been intruding, and is easily recognized by the numerous

nuclei. The halves of the lip-organ in the lower chamber

are becoming continuous and, fusing, form a dense cylinder

with enly a chink in the centre, the nuclei of the cells being

situated near the external border. The alimentary canal in

the upper region occupies more than half the area within the

body-wall. At this level the hypoderm is thickest laterally

and has increased ventrally with the downward progress of

the nerve-cords, the lip-organ is now solid in section and

smaller, whilst the canal above has increased in size, and

a central chamber of different cellular structure makes its

appearance, whilst by-and-by only muscular fibres occupy

the place of the lip-organ inferiorly, and a cselomic space

occurs at each side. The nerve-cords touch and soon fuse.

The alimentary canal now takes a median position in

the body-cavity, with a dorsal and a ventral mesentery,

and it occupies a large space. The thinning of the dorsal

longitudinal muscles in the mid-lateral region indicates a

differentiation, whilst a considerable mass over the ventral

nerve-cord and a thinner layer on each side represent the

longitudina] ventral muscles. The mucous glands now

appear toward the lower region of the ceelom, and they

seem to have the same structure (Pl. XII. fig. 28) as in

Owenia, and to open by similar wide ducts. The dorsal

and ventral blood-vessels in the respective mesenteries are

large. The hypoderm at this level is thick all round, espe-

cially ventrally, where the nerve-cords are in juxtaposition,

and the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles are thicker

and better differentiated (Pl. XII. fig. 29). The alimentary

canal next presents various wrinkles; and a pale band passes

from each side of the nerve-cords (which are proportionally

large) outside the basement-layer, as if extension were

indicated. The alimentary canal is thrown into deep folds,

as if a stomachal or gizzard-like part existed in the lateral

regions, whilst the dorsal and ventral arches have the

ordinary mucous structure; then considerable vertical con-

striction occurs, the dorsal and ventral arches disappear,

anda vascular sinus is established laterally. Thereafter the

gut is pointed above and is split into two lobes ventrally,

with muscular bundles in the gap. The latter (gap) by-and-by

disappears, the canal enlarges, the lumen is much filled up

with the dense coating of cells, and the vascular sinus around

it is continuous in the sections (Pl. X. fig. 80). Externally

at this level the hypoderm is massive ventrally, thins off

laterally, and again becomes thin dorsally. The longitudinal

muscular coat is thinner, and fibres radiate from a little

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 257

above the duct of a mucous gland, impinging on the wall of

the blood-sinus on one side, and apparently attached to the

depression in the hypoderm and indicative of an opening in

the mid-lateral region. ‘The epithelium in the food-canal

differs quite from that in front, being almost fibro-granular

in aspect from the elongation of the cells, the nuclei of which

lie toward the outer border, and at first the surface presents

reticulations. The alimentary canal enlarges behind the

foregoing, but the character of the mucous lining remains

the same, and the ventral blood-vessel lies in the mesentery

over the nerve-cord, which is large, with a median peak

dorsally and a specially thickened hypodermic layer at each

side. On the dorso-lateral regions of the body the hypoderm

appears to be thicker than on the mid-dorsal and mid-lateral

parts. No specialized dorsal blood-vessel appears in this

region, for it has fused with the sinus.

In horizontal longitudinal section (Pl. XI. fig. 23) the

alimentary apparatus has a similar appearance at the second

septum to that shown in Owenia, though the details are

slightly different and the scale is much less. The mucous

lining is thickened as it approaches the septum, and a

centro-lateral fold bulges forward into the stomachal or

gizzard-like division, whilst the central opening is narrowed

and enters the succeeding part of the alimentary canal as a

prominent papiila. The narrow termination of this region

stains-more deeply than the rest; indeed, it is coloured like

the muscular septum, so that it is probable that it has

specially developed muscular fibres at this part so as to

enable it to perform sphincter-like functions, the food being

retained in this chamber for some time and then permitted

to pass backward by relaxation of the muscular guard.

In vertical sections of the middle region the gut is at first

flask-shaped, the wide part, with the contents, being dorsal,

the narrow part ventral ; and the mucous lining has again

altered its character, the cells being larger, their nuclei

larger, and the inner edge smooth. The ccelomic space in

the female is distended on both sides with large ova having

a clear nucleus, an opaque nucleolus, and granular contents,

and they spring from the epithelium of the mesentery below

the ventral blood-vessel, the smaller ova being inferior, the

larger superior. A noteworthy change is the disappearance

of the blood-sinus around the gut and the presence of a

dorsal vessel in the upper mesentery, the ventral trunk

remaining as before. The thick layer of hypoderm ventrally

has a furrow over the median nerve-cord, and this coat is

comparatively thin laterally and dorsally. The dorsal and

258 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

ventral mesenteries separate the muscles of the sides, but

there is little to distinguish between the areas of the dorsal

and the ventral muscles respectively.

Proceeding backward the epithelium of the gut becomes

somewhat finer, the longitudinal muscles form a uniform

layer all round without evident differentiation other than

the attachment of the median mesenteries, and the hypoderm

still remains thicker ventrally, whilst the blood-vessels and

ova show no change. A gelatinoid (protoplasmic) layer

envelops the longitudinal muscles internally, the repre-

sentative of the coelomic epithelial layer.

Then the intestine in section shows a keel ventrally, and

septal strands, apparently muscular, pass from it to the

body-wall, making membranous (and partly muscular) septa

to the latter, viz., one on each side of the gut. These septa,

however, soon reach the dorsal region and become attached

to a process from the dorsal wall of the gut on each side,

the dilated (globular) region of the canal being filled with

food below these, the ventral portion forming a solid apex.

The septa tend to mount upward on the interior of the

body-wall, leaving two great areas ventrally on each side of

the canal and a narrow dorsal chamber above the septa.

Finally, the septum disappears, leaving only a small vessel

at the dorsal mesentery. Then a sinus again forms on the

upper wall of the gut, the ova continue as in front, and

the section of the nerve-cord is more or less circular.

Behind the former region the body-wall becomes somewhat

thinner, the thickest region of the areolated hypoderm being

the ventral. The nerve-area is comparatively large and ovoid.

The basement-layer and, it may be, fine circular fibres occur

internally, whilst the longitudinal muscular fibres are only

differentiated by the median mesenteries dorsally and ven-

trally. The gut is large, with a firm external wall and a

single layer of cylindrical epithelium, the nuclei being

symmetrically arranged in the middle. No dorsal vessel

is visible, but the frilled external wall of a sinus occurs

laterally on the intestine. The ventral blood-vessel is large

and the mesentery leading to the ventral wall is loaded on

each side with developing ova, the larger forms distending

the coelomic cavity on each side (PI. IX. fig. 31).

The tip of the tail is bilobed, with, in addition, a ventral

median semicircular lobe, and is richly ciliated (Pl. X. fig. 32),

a short terminal portion of the intestine being straight, the

next (in front) being indicated by a slight constriction, whilst

the third is almost elliptical, from marked constrictions

in front aud rear. In most cases, when removed from the

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 259

tubes after preservation, the caudal region is thrown into

various zig-zags or spirals, and the tufts of bristles are

more conspicuous than infront. One or two of the terminal

bristles are single on each side, those preceding being in

groups of two, three, four, and five or more. In certain

examples, in lateral view, the ventral process at the tip

of the tail projects more than the dorsal, though, perhaps,

irregularity of the dorsal lobes occasionally occurs. The

arrangement of the septa is apparently on a similar plan

to that in Owenia, where they are very distinct. The

septa in Myriochele probably cause the constrictions, and

the tips of the lozenge-shaped sections of the intestine are

fixed by membranous attachments to the body-wall. A

pinnate aspect is apparently due to the blood collecting at

the septa, where it was darkened by the stain (hematoxylin).

The reproductive elements appear to be lodged on each side

posteriorly, but their mode of exit has not been demon-

strated. So far as could be made out, no pores were present

posteriorly.

In sagittal sections of the tail (Pl. X. fig. 33) the

constriction present a short distance from the tip appears

to be normal, the gut being narrowed at this point and

furnished with a valvular process projecting forward (val.p.).

The terminal region of the body thus marked off is divided

dorsally into five compartments by short transverse septa,

on the anterior faces of which layers of blood occur, probably

from extravasation, as no walls other than the septa are

visible. The continuation of comparatively large intestinal

sinuses almost to the tip of the tail, in addition to the ventral

trunk, indicates their importance. in the economy of the

annelid, probably in connection with a respiratory function.

The transverse sections of the extreme tip of the tail show

a ring of hypoderm with a ventral gap (Pl. X. fig. 84), on

each side of which the wall is thickened, so that it is lobate.

Moreover, a differentiation occurs in this lobate part, as if an

aperture existed; but such may be due simply to the more

vacuolated condition of the hypoderm of this region. The

cells are larger than on the dorsal surface, and after the

completion of the posterior aperture they form a distinct

pale area on each side of the middle line (Pl. X. fig. 35).

The gut shows, almost before its closure, traces of the vascular

sinus (Pl. X. fig. 35, vs.) on each side, the blood in which had

been rendered of a deep purplish-black hue by the action of

heematoxylin ; and soon the ventral vessel appears, the lateral

sinuses greatly increase in size, whilst ova are present between

the ventral vessel and the body-wall, the nuclei in these being

260 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

deeply stained. The lateral sinuses leave only a small portion

of the gut bare above the ventral vessel in front of the fore-

going sections, and the ova occupy the lateral regions, though

their position is variable, for they by-and-by appear, as the

body enlarges, below the alimentary canal and the vessels.

The fine sand-tubes of this form abound in such regions as

the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and occasionally one end (the

caudal) is terminated by a long tapering filament of the

secretion covered with sand.

The main feature in forms like the present is the partial

differentiation of the nerve-tissue from the hypoderm with

which it is in continuity at its centre. Nosheath is evident

anywhere, even in the more distinctly outlined nerve-cords

posteriorly. Yet the position of the cephalic centre and its

connection by two trunks with the ventral nerve-cord agree

with the general type. The innervation of the alimentary

canal seems to be carried out on a similar plan to that of the

main system, viz., by contact with a sensitive layer rather

than by special twigs, since the latter have not been met with

in sections. The whole nervous apparatus, indeed, is m an

elementary condition, and in marked contrast, for instance,

with that of such highly differentiated types as Bispira and

Branchionma, where a chordoid skeleton protects the central

ganglia and the neuroglia is much developed, the whole

central system being shielded by the tissues around it, and

so in the brain of Glycera as described by Gravier*, in

various types by Eisig, and in the brain of Lagis as shown

by Nilsson +. lu Owenia and Myriochele the trunks from

the ceutral system are not cesophageal, but run externally

in the hypoderm to join the ventral cord. Both Owenia and

Myriochele appear to have certain larval characters, as seen

in the young of various polycheets, for instance, in Kleinen-

berg’s t Lopadorhynchus, in which, amongst other features,

the nervous system of the gullet may approach that of the

enigmatical pale layer in the vestibule of the present species.

The structure of Saccocirrus, as given by Goodrich §, also

presents certain analogous conditions.

The alimentary canal of both QOwenta and Myriochele

shows certain valvular complexities, doubtless associated

with the nature of their food—viz., mad or sandy mud con-

taining organic particles of various kinds. Carried into the

* Bull. Se. France et Belg. t. xxxi. p. 159,

+ ‘ Beitrige der Kennt. des Nervensystems der Polycheeten,’ Upsala,

1912.

t ‘Die Enstechung des Annel. aus der Larva von Lopadorhynchus,’

1886.

§ Op. cit.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 261

vestibule by ciliary currents, it would in the first instance

be subjected to the action of the oesophagus, then passed in

certain quantities into the stomach with its mobile glandular

walls, and subsequently sent through the funnel-like muscular

valve at the third septum into the intestine. The occurrence,

moreover, of the valve-like folds towards the posterior end

of the intestine in Myriochele, with the adjacent vascular

apparatus, would seem to indicate special functions there,

both in regard to the contents of the gut and respiration.

The central nervous system in Owenia and Myriochele

does not conform to the typical three regions of the able

investigator Racovitza—viz., the paired “ région palpaire”

giving branches to the palpi, the unpaired “ sincipital”

giving branches to the eyes and tentacles, and the paired

“nuchal” to the ciliated sensory- grooves; or to those

of other authors of more recent date, the elementary con-

dition, perhaps, being associated with the feebly developed

and much modified prostomium, especially in Myriochele.

Further, the contrast between the typical form with its

circumecesophageal commissures is noteworthy, since the

homologues of these are as much hypodermal as the central

mass, for the nervous layer beneath the hypoderm of the

vestibule essentially differs.

Another feature of moment is the absence of distinct

nephridia in both Owenia and Myriochele, the only repre-

sentative of a tube communicating with the coelom and the

exterior being Gilson’s long hypodermic tube in the sixth

segment, and which apparently is indicated in Delle Chiaje’s*

original figure as two zig-zag tubes bet ween two bristle-tufts;

and the author was also acquainted with the long mucous

glands and the general arrangement of the branchiz and

their blood-supply. The addition of two eyes to one of the

figures (2), with a pair of pinnate branchie, is, however,

more or less imaginary.

Again, the general structure of Owenia and Myriochele, as

representing thefamily Ammocharidz, gives small grounds for

their association under the same suborder, as Prof. Benham

in his earlier classifications+ seemed to think, with the

Spionide and Chetopteride in his group Spionoformia,

which really comprehends these only, since his Polydoridz

and Magelonide, of which separate families are made, can

without undue laxity be placed under the Spionide. Le-

vinsen, indeed, had previously made a separate group for

* Diseriz. e Nat. degli Anim. Invert. pl. 175. figs. 1-5 (1841),

+ ‘The Cambridge Natural History,’ vol. ii. p. 258 (1896).

262 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

his ‘‘Ammochariformia,” keeping under his “ Syllidiformia

Spionina” the Spionide, Chetopteride, Cirratulide, Ari-

ciide, Chlorcemide (?), and Opheliide, an assemblage even

more complex than that of Prof. Benham.

Explanation of the letters used in the figures.

bv. Blood-vessels.

e. Central nervous system.

em. Circular muscular coat.

ce, Coelom.

cel.c. Coelomic corpuscles.

dm. Dorsal longitudinal muscles.

dv. Dorsal blood-vessel.

ec. Special layer of gut and diaphragm,

g. Gonads.

Ap. Hypoderm.

Ape. Thickened layer of hypoderm.

mt. Intestine.

lp. Lip-organ.

m. Mouth.

mg. Mucous glands.

mp. Pore of mucous gland.

ne. Nerve-cord.

es, CEsophagus.

ov. Ova.

spt. Septum.

st. Stomach.

val.p. Valvular process of alimentary canal.

vm. Ventral longitudinal muscles,

vs. Vascular sinus.

vv. Blood-vessels.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES *.

Puate VII.

Fig. 1. Transverse section of the anterior end of Owenta fusiformis, Della

Chiaje, to show the central nervous system (¢.). m., mouth,

the lining of hypoderm also having a pale band beneath it at

mc. The ventral gap in the body-wallisstill open. x Zeiss

oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 2. More highly magnified view of the central nervous system, c., as

part of the hypoderm, hp., em. Circular muscular coat.

x oc. 4, obj. D.

Fig. 38. Transverse section after the completion ofthe body-wall in front

and the appearance of the lip-organ jp. e., nerve-cord.

X oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 4. Section behind the foregoing. The vestibule is now contracting,

and the lip-organ, /p., is in full development, with its inner

ply region and more massive external part. xX oc. 2,

obj. A.

* T am indebted to the Carnegie Trust for part of these figures.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 263

Fig. 5. The wall of the esophagus, es., as the sections proceed backward,

is completed, and various blood-vessels, vv., including the

dorsal trunk, dv., are prominent. The lip-organ, /p., presents

a basal mass with a central chink, and a regular arrangement

of its tissue. X oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 6. Vertical section of Owenia fusiformis. a., the vestibule ; ¢., cen-

tral nervous system ; dp., lip-organ ; mg., mucous gland ; spt.,

septum. The section is imperfect at 2. X about 40 diam.

PuaTeE VIII.

Fig. 7. Transverse section behind the folds of the lip-organ and at the

point where the tendinous transverse band, 4¢., and its lateral

connections occur in the ventral region. x oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig.7 4. Transverse section indicating the condition of the parts of the

lozenge-shaped tendinous region ventrally, as its upper and

outer edges differentiate into muscular fibres and strands

pass into the fasciculi beneath. x oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 8. Transverse section behind the foregoing, showing the diminishing,

pale, elastic band, d¢., and thecomplete condition of the ventral

longitudinal muscles, vm. The stomachal region is surrounded

by blood-vessels, bv. xX oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 9. Section in the line of the bristle-tufts with the opening of the

mucous gland, mp. ‘The stomach is still surrounded by the

various vessels and their mesenteries. A trace of the elastic

system is seen in the muscular differentiation, mc., of the

mid-ventral area. X oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 10. The thickening of the dorsal and ventral walls of the stomach

is conspicuous in this section (behind fig.9). Onthe left is

a bristle-tuft, 67. The median dorsal and ventral blood-

vessels and their mesenteries, and the ducts of the mucous

glands are seen on the way to the anterior. X oc, 2, obj. A.

Fig. 18. Vertical section of the region of the collar, col., and the central

nervous system, c., with the adjoining body-wall. x oc. 4,

obj. D, with 2-inch draw-tube.

Pirate IX,

Fig. 11, The body-wall has attained its general arrangement with the

exception of the thickened lateral portions of hypoderm, hype.

The coelomic space is large, and the median dorsal mesen-

tery is split inferiorly. The nerve-cords have now fused.

X oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 12. In this section, which is posterior to the preceding, the vertical

elongation of the alimentary canal is noteworthy, and the

accompanying vessels are still separate, though in some fusion

is indicated. The ccelom has its corpuscles, and the mucous

glands and their ducts are distinct. x oc. 2, obj. A.

Fig. 13, Transverse section after a considerable interval backward from

the foregoing, showing the great extent of the ventral longi-

tudinal muscles, vm., and the commencement of the male’

gonads, g., below the gut. The large area occupied by the

mgr and its enveloping sinus is noteworthy. x oe. 2,

obj. A.

264

Fig. 14.

Fig. 15.

Fig. 20.

Fig. 81.

Fig. 19.

Fig. 80.

Fig. 32.

Fig. 33.

Fig. 34.

Fg. 35.

Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

Section in front of the tail in a ripe male. The gut is still

enveloped in the spacious sinus, vs., with its dorsal and ventral

mesenteries, and the coelomic cavity is loaded with sperms.

The gonads, g., are large, as also is their blood-supply, 6v.,

whilst the nerve-cord is smaller than in front. The arrange-

ment of the muscles of the body-wall diverges from that in

front, since the dorsal longitudinal muscles, dm., are thick-

ened on each side of the middle line, as are also the ventral

above the nerve-cord ; but in the figure the parts have been

separated by thé methods of technique. The hooks, w., occur

in numbers along the whole lateral region on each side, the

bristle-tufts being shifted to the dorsal aspect. X oc. 2,

obj. A.

Section through the characteristic arrangement of the caudal

septa, spt., some distance behind fig. 14. The gonads, g., in

this region increase in size from before backward, and the

free sperms lie in the chamber above the upper septa. A

transverse septum is seen below the gonads. The dorsal

longitudinal muscles are thickest, whilst the ventral cover

two-thirds of the body-wall. x oe. 2, obj. A.

Peculiar pennate arrangement of the gelatinous tissue and

glands of the hypoderm anteriorly. x oc. 4, obj. D, with

full draw-tube.

Transverse section of the posterior region in a female with well-

developed ova, ov., which arise from the vascular ovigerous

tissue vetitrally, as in the male; some are cut and others

altered by compression. X 100 diam.

PLATE X.

Lonzitudinal section showing the arrangement of the mucus in

the mucous glands. X oc. 2, obj. 4.

Section through the stomach after the blood-sinus, vs., around

itis established. mg., mucous gland; bv., blood-vessels. The

median ventral furrow, making the organ bifid in section, has

now disappeared. X 100 diam.

Tip of the tail of Myriochele protruding from a tube. Two

dorsal papilla and a slightly more prominent ventral papilla

oceur posteriorly. The zig-zag condition of the gut in this

region is indicated. x 60 diam.

Section of the tip of the tail of Myriochele, showing the valvular

apparatus, val.p., at the constriction of the body-wall, the

septa, spt. The blood has been rendered opaque blackish

by the hematoxylin used in the technique, and apparently

has accumulated at the septa.

Transverse section of the extreme tip of the tail of a female with

the modified areolez of the hypoderm, a larger area on each

side being evident. xX oc. 2, obj. D, with 1 inch of draw-

tube.

Section of the tail a little in front of the foregoing, showing the

large areole of the hypoderm and the blood in the sinus, vs, |

around the gut. % oc. 2, obj. D, with 2-inch draw-tube.

Fug.

Fig.

Fug.

Fig.

16.

ive

24,

27.

28.

29.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 26

PuatE XI,

Vertical section of one half of the anterior end of Owenta fusi-

formis cutting the nerve-centre, ¢., across, and showing its

relation to the sensory groove with its pigment-corpuscles

on the anterior wall, in close relation to the central nervous

system. <A fold of the vestibule is seen at vf. xX oc. 2,

obj. A, with l-inch draw-tube.

2. Transverse section a Jittle behind the tip of the snout of Myrio-

chele on the appearance of the pale central nervous system, c.,

which becomes continuous with the nerve-cord on each side.

The mottled condition of the hypoderm anteriorly is charac-

teristic of this form. xX about 100 diam,

. Horizontal section through the vestibule and three regions of

the alimentary canal, viz., ws., cesophagus, s¢., stomach, and

int., intestine. spt., septa; val., valvular apparatus ; ¢., central

nervous system; bv., blood-vesseis, in some cases the dark

blood (coloured by hematoxylin) has been pushed beyond

the line of the vessel. x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. A, with 13-inch

draw-tube.

. In this section the cords are descending, being a little below the

middle line, and the sides of the vestibule are now slightly

united. Dorsal and lateral blood-vessels are in a similar

position to those in the foregoing figure. x 100 diam.

. The body-wall is completed, as also is the vestibule. The

nerve-cords, zc., are descending, and a section of the lip-organ,

Ip., appears. X 100 diam.

PLATE XII,

Sagittal section of the anterior end, to illustrate the complex

interlacing of the muscular fibres. The collar, col., and

central nervous system, c., are seen on the left. x oc. 2,

obj. A, with l-inch draw-tube. ;

Transverse section before the completion of the body-wall. The

nerve-centre, c., is well shown, and probably the lower ends

represent the commencement of the nerve-cords. Blood-

vessels, bv., occur both dorsally and laterally. x 100 diam.

In this section the outline of the body is slightly altered, the

vertical exceeding the transverse diameter. @s., cesophagus

with its cellular lining; Zp., lip-organ and its radiate arrange-

ment of cells; bv., blood-vessels. The dorsal and ventral

portions of the walls are much attenuated, partly from

stretching. x 100 diam.

The diminution of the dorsal hypoderm and the increase of the

ventral hypoderm are indicated in this figure, together with

the great size of the cesophagus. The nerve-cords are

approaching each other. x 100 diam.

Transverse section after the union of the nerve-cords, ne. The

succeeding region of the canal is joining the oesophagus on

the right, and two mucous glands, mg., are cut obliquely.

x 100 diam,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 8. Vol. xix. 18

266 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Helomyzide, ce.

XX. — Notes on Exotic Helomyzide, Sciomyzide, and

Psilide. By C. G. Lams, M.A., B.Sec., Clare College,

Cambridge.

Helomyzidz.

He.omyza, Fall.

In the Wiener Ent. Zeit. for 1904 Czerny critically

examined all the species of this genus up to that date ; since

then only about half a dozen species have been added, and

hence the task of working out the specimens in the collections

was much simplified. ‘There was one well-known species

and three new ones, one of the latter being very interesting

as departing from the almost universal character of having

extra costal bristles.

Helomyza picta, Wied.

S. Ruopesta: Chirinda Forest (G. A. K. Marshall,

Camb. Coll.).

There was a fair series of this bandsome insect. It

exhibits considerable sexual dimorphism. ‘The sex described

is the male, and it has the dorsum elegantly variegated in

ochre and dark ochreous grey; its femora are beautifully

and regularly spindle-shaped, the mid pair less so, and they

bear long dense hairs below. The female has a quite dark

dull brown dorsum and scutellum, which exhibit only faint

signs of the male marks ; the femora are normal, less haired,

and the front ones have an anterior spine row—in fact, the

sexual differences in the legs are like those of some WScato-

phagas. ‘This type of Helomyza is devoid of the upper

patches carrying the orbital bristles, and also of the small

ocellar triangle joined to these, which are usual in the Euro-

pean forms; it has also pictured wings and swollenand hairy

male femora; this form seems to be typically African.

Speiser, in his Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition paper, describes

two males of the same facies—//. acroleuca and 1, lactnata—

and the next species also belongs to this section.

Helomyza ingens, sp. n.

A single male of the pzcfa group was present ; it is larger

and more stoutly built than that species.

Head (top view) :—Frons and antenne entirely yellow to

orange, in front a little darker, with microscopic hairs and

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Helomyzide, &e. 267

irregular reddish patches, but with no sign of dark or black-

ened spots except the usual hairy neck-spot, an excessively

faint large spot behind the vibrissa, and the brownish-red

ocellar spot; the antenna has a darkish flagellum with very

long hairs, and the third joint has its absolute ridge red.

Side-view :—Jowls, palpi, tongue (also the face) all yellow ;

hind head and lower side bristly as usual; vibrissa very

strong ; eyes rather rectangularly oval, with long axis

vertical ; jowls about as deep as breadth of third joint of

antenna,

Thorax: dorsum dull dark coffee-brown, except the much

lighter callus and front of dorsum; the light part quickly

ple into the dark just as the true dorsum begins ; two

dark lines start near the neck, and continue right over the

dorsum, but are necessarily very faint on the dark part ;

between them, and also along the d.c. lines, are two faint

narrow lines showing up more ochreous than the rest. Scu-

tellum flat, slightly shining , quite bare, with a few tiny ridge-

airs between end- and side-bristles. All the macrocheetes

are Jong, but slender for the size of the insect; side above the

notopleural suture from the callus rather brown and shining,

below the pleura is as dark as dorsum, though a little more

shining ; mesopleura absolutely bare ; metanotum dull, more

grey ; “all bristles normal,

Wings darkened, the costal bristles stout and about fifteen

in number from end of vein 1, ceasing about level of hind

cross-vein. The general colour of the wing is brown; from

the end of 1 to the tip a darker brown covers the wing up to

about the middle of the cubital cell; the distal part of this

extra darkening extends across the wing; the basal parts of

veins 3 and 4 are included in another dar kened area, the

small cross-vein and neighbouring parts of 3 and 4 in

another, and the hind cross-vein and near parts of 3 in yet

another ; there are clear ‘‘ windows’ between the veins at

the base, and the usual “ window” just distal of the anal

cell shows very brightly ; the absolute costa between ends of

and 4 is pale ochreous, but otherwise all the veins are

brown, Halteres clear white.

Legs: femora all elegantly spindled, mid less so than others,

with long profuse blackish hairs at sides and below. Colour:

all coxee and trochanters orange, more or less darkened, all

femora shining black, all tibize orange, front with black tip,

hind suffused; all with long hairs below, which are ex-

cessively long on distal half of middle tibia; all tarsi orange,

the last joints daik and first joint of middle one with ver

long hairs. Bristles :—front femur a superior row of about 7,

13*

268 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Eaxotic Helomyzide, &e.

tibia with a distal anterior row of 3; mid tibia with crown

of about 4, the inner very long; hind femur with irregular

rows anteriorly totalling 10 to 12 bristles ; all tibize with usual

preapicals, hind ones with small inner spur.

Abdomen pitchy black, except at the scutellar angles of

the first segment ; hypopygium not large, very hairy.

Size 8} mm.

Britisu E. Arrica: Kenia Forest (7. J. Anderson, Imp.

Bur. Ent.).

The following species are of the normal European form,

with well-marked upper vertical patches and ocellar triangle,

and with simple legs. Both belong to the section with long-

haired arista and quite bare mesopleura.

Helomyza balteata, sp. n.

Head (top view) :—Frons dullish orange and hairy, brighter

and bare in narrow lines on each side of the ocellar triangle

and along a mid line to the front; the upper vertical patches

and the ocellar triangle sharply bounded, grey, the former

with a pointed tip and only touching eyes just on vertex ;

hind head orange, with well-marked trapezoidal spot from

neck to vertex; all bristles normal. Face smooth, orange.

Side view :—Eyes rather elongate-oval, with the long axis

in the line joining outer vertical to the protuberant mouth-

angle; the latter is covered with a large dark patch, the rest

of face &c. being orange; antenna orange, arista black, with

long and strong pectination, stout slightly orange basal joints ;

long vibrissa with a small companion below; depth of jowl

about equal to breadth of third joint ; hind head orange and

bristly. Palpi orange, with slightly infuscate tip; tongue

orange.

Thorax: dorsum almost uniformly dull ochreous brown,

the tiny black bristles looking like a close regular punctation ;

a very faint pair of median lines between the d. c¢. bristles,

which stand on brown spots ; callus grey ; scutellum as thorax,

but a little paler centrally on disc and on the absolute tip,

quite bare and flat, with a few tiny hairs between main

bristles ; pleura orange above, merging to yellow below,

dull; mesopleura quite bare; metanotum dark, somewhat

shining orange.

Wing with about nine stout spines from end of vein 1 to

about level of hind cross-vein ; suffused, the darkening being

more intense from costa to just over second vein; both cross-

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Helomyzide, de. 269

veins well and broadly suffused; veins brown. Halteres

orange.

Legs: colour all orange, except that the hind knees and

all the last tarsal joints are brown, and the tibize have tips

browned. Bristles:—front femur with usual upper row and

inferior hairs ; mid femur with anterior row of 3 on distal

third ; hind femur with 5 bristles, three form an anterior

superior row, the last of these and two others, one above the

other, form a triangle ; usual tibial preapicals.

Abdomen orange, each segment with a black band based

on distal margin, narrow at side and broadening to middle,

with rather indistinct boundary there, so that the appearance

is like an indistinct mid-line with distinct side-teeth ; genital

segment orange, except extreme tip, which is black.

Size 7 mm.

S. Ruopesia: Chirinda Forest (G. A. K. Afarshall,

Camb. Coll.).

Helomyza aspinosa, sp. n.

This large species is quite aberrant, inasmuch as the

characteristic costal spines are not to be seen; they are

apparently so short as to merge in the general costal bristle-

border, which is more strongly developed than usual. ‘The

venation is quite normal, as is the complete cheetotaxy in

every respect. In broad facies the insect is not quite typical

of the genus, but looks rather like a Dryomyzid, The

absence of costal bristles is even more marked than is appa-

rently the case in the aberrant genus Thyreophorella, if one

may judge by the figure of the same.

Head (top view) :—All dull orange, darkened a little in

front, black-haired, especially in front ; the usual short hind

eye-borders and conjoined ocellar triangle are somewhat

paler, as is the hind head; the neck-spot is more orange and

a little silvery. Jace orange, a little darker over lip. Side-

view :—All orange, including the antennal third joint (which

is, however, brown on its absolute edge), arista (with very

long hairs), the hairy palpi, and the tongue; a long vibrissa,

with a few short neighbours below.

Thorax: dorsum dull reddish brown, a little darker in

front and lighter on side from d.c. lines to pleura; two

indistinct blackened lines run along the d.c. rows, with a

similar indistinct line outside from about the level of cross-

suture. Scutellum similar on the disc, which is quite flat

and bare, with a few tiny hairs between the main bristles

along the edge. Pleura (including callus and notopleura)

270 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Helomyzide, cc.

brightish orange, as are the sides of the scutellum and the

metanotum ; a darkened stripe runs from the end of the

callus to the wing-base ; the mesopleura is absolutely bare.

Wings quite normal, except as described above, somewhat

suffused, especially costally ; veins brown, more orange at

base.

Legs normal. Colour: all yellow, except for tiny side-

spots on the tips of middle and hind femora; front and hind

tarsi with all joints suffused, middle with last joint black.

Bristles : front femur with dorsal row of 6 and hairy below,

middle femur with anterior.row of 3 or 4, shaggy below,

tibia with a crown and shaggy below; hind femur with

superior row of 4 on distal half, rather haired below; all

tibiz with usual preapical.

Abdomen pitchy black, with basal segment more orange,

sides of all segments (except the last) and the venter orange,

genital segment black; all segments with border-bristles,

very long on the sides.

Size 91, wing 84 mm.

S. Ruopesra: Chirinda Forest (G. A. K. Marshall, Camb.

Coll.).

Sciomyzida.

SEPEDON, Latr.

In the Ann. Mus. Nat. Hong. vol. ix. (1911) p. 266,

Hendel published a paper on this genus, bringing the species

from Asia and Africa up to date ; since then only one species

has been added. The paper is conservative in treatment, and

clears up the confusion existent in the species as well as may

be. No references are given here, as the above paper is

used in what follows.

Sepedon violaceus, Hend.

Inp1A: Coimbatore.

Sepedon lobiferus, Hend.

A nice series of this interesting form was in the Cam. Coll.

under the name javanicus, R. D. The insect was hitherto

only known from Formosa, and its occurrence in the Hima-

layan district is of interest.

Inp1A: Showali, Kumaon.

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evotic Helomyzide, de. 271

There are two species in the Cam. Coll. from Africa.

Speiser, in his paper on the Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition

(x. 5, pp. 168, 169), describes the species ¢trichooscelis and

argyrostethus ; Hendel considers that the former is a syno-

nym of ornatifrons, Adams, the latter most probably of sene-

galensis, Macq. ; the author had independently come to the

same conclusion. Both of Speiser’s species were founded on

single damaged specimens, and in the case of this genus that

procedure is especially hazardous,

Sepedon ornatifrons, Adams.

A fair series isin the Camb. Coll., showing quite perceptible -

degrees of variation.

S. Ruopesta: Chirinda Forest (G..A. K. Marshall, Camb.

Coll.).

Sepedon senegalensis, Macq.

Natat: Durban (Ff. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

Psilide.

Cuyuiza, Fall.

There are two specimens from Ceylon which do not agree

with any of the known Oriental species ; in general appear-

ance they are very like C. leptogaster.

Chyliza pallidipes, sp. n.

Head (top view) :—The eye-borders black and somewhat

shining, about 4 of total frontal width, extending from

vertex nearly to front, but narrowing sharply in front; the

wider part of the frons lying between these anterior narrowed

parts is bright but dull yellow, the rest is brown ochreous,

but the long ocellar triangle is a little shining and its base

and the absolute vertex are rather shining orange ; the whole

head is covered with tiny golden pubescence; the bristles as

in C. leptogaster, but stouter in proportion, Face yellow, but

the lower half of the antennal pit is shining black ; the

narrow lower eye-margins slightly silvery. Side view :—

Antenna with deep black basal joints and orange third,

which is just perceptibly suffused on its edge ; arista pale

brown, with widely bipectinate flagellum, the total breadth of

the pectination being about equal to the breadth of third;

palpi deep black, tongue yellow. Hind head entirely shining

272 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Helomyzide, ce.

black above, black below, but widely bordered with yellow, so

that hind jowls and mouth-margin are all that colour; eyes

like C. leptogaster, with sinuate hind margin,

Thorax : dorsum subshining black, with uniform shallow

minute shagreening; entirely covered with elegant pale

yellow hairs, except for two lines, confluent in front and

abbreviated about halfway, which are bare (these are best

seen with oblique light); the dorsum is much like lepto-

gaster, Pleura like the dorsum in front, but with silvery

white hairs, longest below ; the sclerites over the hind leg

are all smooth, hairless, and very shining; just over the

callus is a rather bright orange narrow bar, and a dark orange

one is just visible on the top of the sternopleura. Scutellum

all rather shining orange, bristled as in leptogaster.

Wings slightly smoky, especially broadly so at tip between

costa and vein 4; the latter is parallel to 5 up to about its

distal fifth, when it makes a sudden slight bend upwards ;

veins brown, extreme base of wing orange. Haltere with

snow-white head-and slightly brownish stalk.

Legs all pale straw-coloured, a little whiter proximally on

the femora, with no sign of any rings or darkening.

Abdomen like the thorax in colour and punctation, but the

hairs are brownish ; the shape is more wasp-like than in

leptogaster.

Size 5 mm.

CryLon: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford, Imp. Bur. Ent.).

Loxocera, Mg.

In the Kilimandjaro- Meru Expedition Reports (x. 5, p. 193)

Speiser gives a table of the known African members of this

genus. Of these, L. dispar, Bezzi, is apparently quite

distinct, having a black triangle, sternopleura, and front

femora. He separates the others on the presence or absence

of thoracic stripes and their position: thus, L. rufa, Loéw,

is given as stripeless, L. lateralis, Lw., and L. macrogramma,

Speiser, are striped in different ways.

In the Camb, Coll. are eleven specimens of a red Lowocera

of the latter group, They are evidently closely related, and,

apart from thoracic marks, differ only in the degree of undu-

lation of the fourth vein between the cross-veins, and the angle

between the last cross-vein and the fifth; in such cases

where the veins are wavy or bent (as is the cross-vein here

concerned) the angle in question and the amount of curvature

of the veins is always a little uncertain. Apart from this

and the colour of the thorax, neither of which are correlated

On Hyale grenfelli, Chilton. 273

with one another nor with the sex, no structural difference is

apparent. Now the thoracic dorsum varies greatly ; of the

seven males, one is clear red (typical rufa), one has side-lines

just in front of the scutellum, one has side-lines complete but

no middle one (this is typical macrogramma by comparison

with Speiser’s full description), one has side-lines and a faint

middle one in front, one has all these lines well marked, one

has all the lines broad and even confluent at the middle of

the dise, and another has the lines reddish but a little dark

behind. Of the four females, one is quite immaculate, one

has only the faintest trace of the lines in red, one has the

lines all present but faint, the last has all present and very

strong. The author is quite sure that Speiser’s macro-

gramma is a dark-lined form of rufa. As regards the two

species of Loéw (rufa and lateralis), some doubt may arise.

Loéw evidently had single specimens only (rufa is described

from a 2, lateralis from a @; see B. E. Z. 1874, xliv.

p- 194). The main difference appears to be dark flecks in

the antennal pits in the latter species and (possibly) less

hairy arista. It is impossible to be sure of the true distinet-

ness of these three species, and hence the author considers all

the red Lowoceras with entirely black third joint to be L. rufa,

Loéw.

S. Ruopesia: Salisbury and Chirinda Forest (G. A. K.

Marshall, Camb. Coll.). Natau: Durban (F. Muzr, Camb.

Coll.).

XXI.—Further Notes on the New Zealand Amphipod Hyale

grenfelli, Chilton. By Cuas. Cuitton, M.A., D.Sc.,

M.B., C.M., LL.D., C.M.Z.8., Professor of Biology,

Canterbury College, New Zealand.

In May 1916 * I described a new species of Amphipod from

New Zealand, naming it yale grenfellt. The type-specimen,

which was the only specimen at that time known, was a

male, and was characterized by the peculiar shape of the

second gnathopod and by the great dilatation and setose

character of the terminal joints of the maxillipeds. I pointed

out that it was quite likely that this peculiar development of

* Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. ser. 8, vol. xvii. p. 362.

274 ' Prof. C. Chilton on

the maxillipeds would be found in the male only, and was

probably to be looked upon as a secondary sexual character.

On December 12th, 1916, I received from Mr. C. R. Gow,

of the Moko Hinou Lighthouse, a small collection of Crus-

tacea which had been taken between tide-marks on Moko

Hinou, a group of islands off the east coast of Auckland,

situated about 50 miles from Cuvier Island, where the type-

specimen was obtained. Among these Crustacea there are

fortunately a few specimens of yale grenfelli. Most of

these are males, showing the peculiar characters in the

maxillipeds and the second gnathopod as described. One

Fig. 1.

Hyale grenfelli, 9. Maxillipeds.

specimen is a female, 5 mm. long, bearing five large eggs in

the brood-pouch, and I am therefore now able to describe the

characters of the female. In it the maxillipeds (fig. 1),

though, perhaps, a little larger than in the majority of the

species of LHyale, have the terminal joints only slightly

enlarged, and not showing the special form nor the numerous

long setee characteristic of the male; the carpus bears one

long seta at its outer distal angle and a few on the inner

margin near the distal angle, but there are none on the

surface of the joint itself; in the propod the inner margin

Hyale grenfelli, Chilton. 275

bears a regular row of long sete and there are two rows on

the surface near the outer distal end, lying more or less

parallel to the distal border, and proximal to these there is

one short row of four or five setee and a single seta situated

still more proximally ; the dactyl is small, very much nar-

rower than the propod, and bears at the end a long, stout,

curved seta which is proportionately much more prominent

than the corresponding seta on the dactyl of the male. It

will be seen that the maxilliped in the female presents the

ordinary characters common to allied species of Hyale, and

that its terminal joints show none of the numerous transverse

Hyale grenfelh, 2. First gnathopod.

rows of long fine setee on the surface that are so charac-

teristic of the male. ;

In the gnathopoda the first pair (fig. 2) are, on the whole,

similar to those of the male, but more slender ; the side-plate

is large, produced a little anteriorly, so that it is widest

below ; the carpus bears a fringe of sete on its posterior

margin, as in the male, the propod is much more slender

than the corresponding joint in the male, only widening very

slightly distally, and its posterior border bears only a small

tuft or short row of sete near the centre instead of having

nearly the whole of the margin fringed with a row of setx as

276 On Hyale grenfelli, Chilton.

in the male. The second gnathopod (fig. 3) is almost exactly

the same as the first, but is very slightly larger, and the

side-plate differs in being regularly rectangular and not

widening below ; the other joints of the appendage show no

differences from the first worthy of notice.

In other characters the female closely resembles the male.

Nearly all the males are apparently fairly well developed,

and show the characters of the second gnathopod and the

maxillipeds nearly as originally described. In one which is

Hyale grenfelli, 2. Second gnathopod.

about 5 mm. in length the terminal joints of the maxilliped

are rather less expanded and not quite so setose, and in the

second gnathopod the propod is not so wide, the palm is more

oblique and much less concave, being nearly straight or only

slightly concave, and its outer and inner borders are less

widely separated ; the dactyl, however, is short and fairly

stout, almost as in the typical male. Doubtless in still

younger specimens of the male these appendages would show

the characters of the male to a still less extent and be more

like those of the female.

On new Lizards of the Family Lacertide. 277

XXIT.—Descriptions of new Lizards of the Family Lacertide.

By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Lacerta viridis, var. woosnami.

Head comparatively short, its width 12 to 1} times in its

length. Occipital } to 2 the length of the interparietal, not

or but slightly broader than the latter; 2 to 8 granules

between the supraoculars and the superciliaries ; temple with

12 to 20 shields, with a large or very large masseteric, which

may extend from the upper temporal to the upper labials,

Fig. 1.

Upper and side views of head.

the tympanic well developed and usually in contact with the

upper temporal. Dorsal scales rhombic and strongly keeled,

considerably larger than the laterals; 38 to 43 scales across

the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal and

24 to 28 transverse series. 17 to 20 femoral pores on each

Fig. 2.

Lepidosis of middle of body.

278 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

side. 25 to 27 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. Green

or olive-grey above, uniform or with small black spots,

sparsely scattered on the back, more crowded on the sides,

sometimes (in a single female) forming a regular vertebral

series ; upper surface of head uniform green, olive, or brown ;

lower parts yellow, greenish, but not blue, on the throat and

on the sides of the belly. Young brown or olive, with three

white longitudinal streaks on the back, traces of which may

be preserved in the adult; black spots may be present

between them; a white streak on each side of the neck,

from the tympanum, continued on each side of the body

or breaking up into two series of round spots; another white

line along each side of the belly.

From snout to vent, ¢ 102 mm., 2? 95; tail, ¢ 190,

9 207.

This form connects the var. strigata with the typical

L. viridis, and especially the oriental specimens on which

the name var. vaillanti, Bedr., has been bestowed, agreeing

with the latter in the temporal scutellation and the reduction

in the number of superciliary granules, with the former in

the presence of a light vertebral streak in the young; it

differs from both in the lepidosis of the body, in respect

to which it approaches L. princeps.

This variety is described from eight specimens obtained

by the late Mr. R. B. Woosnam on the South Coast of the

Caspian Sea, and from one young obtained by Mr. R. T.

Giinther at Bash Nurashin, N.W. Persia, which I had

referred to the var. strigata (Journ, Linn. Soc. xxvu. 1899,

p. 378).

Ichnotropis tanganicana.

Form and lepidosis as in J. capensis, Smith, but upper

head-shields rather feebly striated and the four super-

ciliaries in contact with the four supraoculars, only 3 or 4

small granules intervening between the second and third

superciliaries and the supraoculars, and lower nasal but

narrowly in contact with the rostral. 36 scales and plates

round the middle of the body; ventral plates in 8 longi-

tudinal and 25 transverse series. 11 or 12 femoral pores on

each side. 19 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. Bronzy

olive above, with a few small transverse blackish spots in

three longitudinal series on the nape and two on the body;

a black streak from the nostril to the eye, and another on

the edge of the mouth; a white, black-edged streak from

Lizards of the Family Lacertide. 279

below the eye, through the ear, to above the axil; white,

black-edged ocellar spots on the posterior part of the back,

on the hind limbs, and on the tail ; lower parts white.

From snout to vent 38 mm.

This species, which I regard as the most primitive of the

geuus, as it is also the northernmost in its habitat, is based

on a single male specimen, probably half-grown, from. the

East Coast of Lake Tanganyika, presented to the British

Museum by Mr. W. H. Nutt in 1896.

Eremias adramitana.

Head and body strongly depressed, limbs very slender ;

head 14 times as long as broad; snout pointed, with the

nasal shields rather strongly swollen, as long as broad, as

long as the postocular part of the head ; hind limb reaching

between the collar and the ear in males, the shoulder or

the collar in females ; foot 14 to 14 times as long as the

head ; toes slender, feebly compressed ; tail 12 to 24 times

as long as head and body. Lower eyelid with a semi-

transparent disk divided into 5 to 8 scales. Lepidosis as in

EF. guttulata, but occipital minute or absent, the parietals

meeting in the middle, and ventral plates in 10 regular

longitudinal series, mostly as long as broad or a little

broader than long, the outer longer than broad. 31 to 40

scales across the middle of the body. 11 to 15 femoral

pores on each side. Subdigital lamellee tricarinate, 20 to 23

under the fourth toe. J'awn-coloured or pale grey above,

with or without small brown spots, which may be irregular

or disposed in two longitudinal series on the back, with or

without small whitish spots; a dark brown lateral band,

often bearing white spots, from behind the eye to the tail,

bordered below by a white or yellowish lateral streak passing

through the tympanum; upper surface of limbs marbled

with brown, or with white spots ; lower parts white.

From snout to vent 44 mm.

This species has been confounded with £. brevirostris,

Blanf., of which the Syrian , bernoulli, Schenkel, is a

synonym, by Anderson, ‘Herpetology of Arabia,’ p. 43

(1896). It differs in the more depressed head, longer in

proportion to its width, the more slender limbs, and the ventral

plates constantly in ten longitudinal series. Itis only known

from the Hadramut, South Arabia, whilst LZ. brevirostris is

on record from Kalabagh in the Punjab, Bushire in Persia,

Tumb Island in the Persian Gulf, and Syria,

280 On a new Bat of the Genus Scoteecus.

XXIU.—A new Bat of the Genus Scotecus.

By OLDFIELD ‘T'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG a series of well-prepared skins from Nyasaland

presented to the National Museum by Mr. Rodney C. Wood,

there occur examples of several rare bats, notably Myotis

welwitschii and bocage’, Glauconycteris papilio, Eptesicus

megalurus, and a Scotecus which appears to be new. The

last may be called

Scotaecus woodt, sp. n.

Near S. albofiiscus of the Gambia, but smaller.

Size about the smallest of the genus. General colour

above dark brown (near mummy-brown), the tips of the

hairs paler brown; under surface little paler, near Prout’s

brown. Wings coloured as in S. albofuscus, the forearms,

digits, hind limbs, and tail blackish, the membranes internal

to a line from elbow to knee, and the interfemoral dark

brown, those external to forearms dull whitish, rather darker

terminally. Hars short, with large external basal lobe ;

tragus short and broad, its inner margin slightly concave.

Skull short and stumpy, of the characteristic broad shape

usual in the genus, the lacrymal breadth even greater than

in S. albofuscus. Nasal notch very deep. Median part of

zygoma absent in type.

Incisors slender, their bases not touching the canines.

Canines broadened transversely, their basal area broader

than long, and flattened behind, close and parallel to the

front edge of the large premolar ; no small premolar or place

for it present.

Dimensions of the type (the italicized measurements taken

in the flesh) :—

Forearm 28:5 mm.

Head and body 56 mm. ; tail 27 ; ear 12.

Third finger, metacarpus 28, first phalanx 10, second

phalanx 8 ; lower leg and hind foot (c. u.) 17:5.

Skull: greatest length 13°2; median upper length 11;

basi-sinual length 9°8; greatest breadth 10°3; lacrymal

breadth 6:7 ; mastoid breadth 9°1 ; palato-sinual length 4:5;

front of canine to back of m’* 4:9.

Hab. Southern Nyasaland. Type from Chiromo ; alt.

200’.

On anew Species of Aconemys. 281

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 17. 2.1.1. Original num-

ber 173. Collected 2nd October, 1916, and presented by

Rodney C. Wood, Esq.

This species may be distinguished from its only close,

though geographically very distant, ally S. albofuscus by its

smaller size, proportionally even broader skull, and the

different shape of the base of its canines. The other members

of the genus all have uniformly brown wing-membranes.

I may note that of twelve skulls of Scotewcus, including

examples of all the described species, only two have com-

plete zygomata, although all have been prepared by that

most skilful skull-cleaner Mr. W. Sherrin. Imperfection or,

at least, excessive tenuity of the zygoma would therefore

appear to be an additional character of the genus Scotcecus.

Of forty skulls of Scotecnus similarly prepared by Mr. Sherrin,

nearly all have perfect, although very slender, zygomata.

XXIV.—A new Species of Aconzeemys from Southern Chil.

By OLDFIELD ‘'l’HoMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum has recently received from Mr. J. A.

Wolffsohn a specimen of the rare genus Aconemys (Schizodon,

Waterh.) which had been presented to him by the well- known

naturalist Don Carlos E. Porter. The species proving to

be new, I propose to name it in honour of the latter, to whom

the Museum has been indebted for help in various ways.

Aconemys porteri, sp. n.

Fur more woolly than in A. fuscus; tail more completely

bicolor; incisors stouter.

Size about as in A. fuscus or rather smaller. Fur soft,

more woolly, less straight than in A. fuscus, the general

texture and the colour both suggesting that of a Huropean

water-vole (Arvicola amphibius). General colour deep rich

brown, near “ auburn ” of Ridgway, the subterminal rings on

the hairs dull cinnamon. Under surface similar but rather

warmer in tone, the ends of the hairs rich cinnamon. Hands:

and feet greyish white, the middle part of the metatarsus

rather darker. Tail rather longer than in A. fuscus and

completely bicolor, black above and creamy whitish below for

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xix. 19

282 Mr. T, D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

its whole length; in A. fuscus the terminal part of the

under surface is brown.

Skull apparently somewhat smaller than in A. fuseus, but

the age of the type is not very certainly determinable, An-

terior. part narrower, the breadth between the outer corners

of the anteorbital foramina and the interorbital breadth both

distinctly less.

Incisors very stout and heavy, decidedly thicker than in

specimens of A. fuscus of apparently similar age.

Dimensions of the type :—

Tail (vertebra in skin) 64; hind foot (dry) 28.

Skull: tip of nasals to back of frontals 28°5 ; greatest

breadth 23; nasals 15 x 6°3 ; interorbital breadth 7° 5; breadth

between outer corners of anteorbital foramina 17°6 ; ‘palatilar

length 16°2; front of incisors to back of m* 21:5; upper

tooth-row (crowns) 84; combined breadth of upper in-

cisors 4°7.

Hab. Osorno, 8. Chili.

Type. Adult. B.M. no. 16.11.14.4. Presented by Don

Carlos E. Porter to Mr. J. A. Wolffsohn. °

The British Museum contains eleven specimens of Aco-

nemys fuscus, received at different dates from Mr. T. Bridges,

but whether all were from the ‘* Valle de Las Cuevas, on the

east side of the Andes, near the Voleano of Peteroa, altitude

6000’,” where Mr. Bridges discovered the species, there is,

unfortunately, no evidence to show. But all agree in the

characters used above in separating the southern form, which

is probably an inhabitant of the high slopes on the Volcano

of Osorno, some little distance from the town of the same

name.

Since the time of Mr. Bridges no examples of this genus

have come to the British Museum, nor has our indefatigable

correspondent Mr. Wolffsolin been able to see or hear of any.

Consequently this additional specimen, representing a second

and more southern species of the genus, is an extremely

welcome accession.

XXV.— Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXIV.

By 'T. D. A. Cockeret, University of Colorado.

ALL the bees recorded in the present part are in the U.S

National Museum.

Andrena lugubrescens, n. n.

Andrena lugubris, Lepeletier, 1841 (not Erichson, 1840).

3 .—Belvidere, Tunis, May 10, 1899 (P. ALagretti).

Records of Bees. 283

This is like the male of A. albopunctata, Rossi, but has the

abdomen shining, irregularly wrinkled, and with scattered

minute piliferous punctures, so it is doubtless the male of

A, lugubris, described by Lepeletier from the female only.

Length about 12 mm.

Process of labrum prominent, shining, truncate, slightly

emarginate ; first recurrent nervure joining second sub-

marginal cell distinctly before the middle.

The name /ugubris is preoccupied, so lugubrescens is pro-

posed as a substitute. -

Andrena cussariensis, Morawitz.

9 .—Kohat, N.W. Provinces, India, March 1906 (Frank

Benton).

Superficially this looks like A. morio, which Bingham

records from the Simla hills; but it is certainly distinct from

morio, and, as far as can be gathered from Morawitz’s quite

full description, agrees well with cussartensis. The abdomen

has very fine punctures, and the process of labrum is much

narrower than in morio. ‘The species is more closely allied

to A. ephippium.

Andrena cussariensis kohatensis, var. nov.

? .—Length about 14°5 mm.

Scutellum and broad bands at sides of mesothorax terra-

cotta red.

Hab. Kohat, India, March 1906 (Frank Benton).

This variety suggests comparison with A. ephippium,

Spin., to which it is closely allied. It differs from ephippium

by the narrower thorax, the scutellum much narrower, and

less closely punctured on disc; the flagellum only very

obscurely reddish beneath, the shorter fourth antennal joint,

the less strongly sculptured area of metathorax, and the

broad hind margin of first abdominal segment excessively

finely punctured, abruptly contrasting with the rest of the

segment. The hair of hind legs is entirely black.

Should comparison of specimens indicate that this species

is to be separated from A, cussariensis, it may be known as

A. kohatensis.

Andrena chionospila, sp. n.

9? .—Superficially exactly like A. albcopunctata, Rossi

(specimen from Ras-el-Ma, Algeria, compared), but differing

thus :—Antennz shorter ; process of labrum, although very

13°

284 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

broad, not so broad ; area of metathorax smaller, less rugose ;

punctures of abdomen conspicuously more feeble and less

dense; white hair-patches at sides of abdomen larger.

&.—Very like the female, except in the usual sexual

characters ; head very broad ; region of mouth, sides of face,

and region of antenna with long black hair, but face otherwise

with long white hair, which is dull, not clear white as in 9 ;

cheeks broad, with black hair; abdomen less distinctly

punctured. :

Hab. Menserah, N.W. Provinces, India, March 1906

(Fra vk Benton).

Perhaps a subspecies of A. a/bopunctata.

Andrena subspinigera, sp. Nn.

9 .—Lenegth about 11 mm.

Head, thorax, and legs black ; abdomen with the first three

segments clear ferruginous (the first with a broad transverse

black band, the third with an interrupted suffused dark band

beyond the middle), the others black, the third and fourth

with heavy fringes of pure white hair, the second with a

thin inconspicuous fringe, the caudal fimbria brownish black.

Hair of head and thorax white, with a slight creamy tint on

thorax above ; facial fovese rather narrow, seen from above

shining white, with the upper end brown; facial quadrangle

broader than long ; process of labrum broad and obtuse, with

sloping sides; clypeus dull except at sides, with sparse

punctures ; flagellum bright ferruginous beneath except at

base; third antennal joint almost as long as next three

together; mesothorax and scutellum dull, without well-defined

punctures, the long hair not concealing the surface; area of

metathorax dull, minutely granular, scarcely defined ; tegulee

pale yellowish testaceous. Wings strongly reddened, stigma

and nervures rufo-fuscous; b. n. meeting t.-m. ; second s.m.

large, receiving first r.n. considerably beyond middle. Scopa

of hind tibiee compact, fuscous behind (above), white in

front; basitarsi broad and flat. Abdomen dull, minutely

granular, without any evident punctures.

Hab. Menserah, N.W. Provinces, India, March 1906

(Frank Benton). On some labels the locality is written

“’ Manserah,” on others “ Menserah.”

This species is very like A. sp’n’gera, Kirby, from Quetta,

buat differs by the flagelluin red beneath, the dusky reddish

wings, the dull abdomen, &c.

Records of Bees. 285

Andrena quettensis, sp. n.

3g .—Length about 9 mm.

Black, the hind tarsi, apical half of middle tarsi, broad

apical band on first abdominal segment, and second segment

except a spot on each side and a dusky cloud in middle (or

only the apical margin and a broad semilunar area on each

side basally) all ferruginous red. Head broad, facial

quadrangle much broader than long; mandibles rather short,

red at end; process of labrum broadly. emarginate ; no light

face-marks ; clypeus dull and granular ; face and front

covered with long sooty hair, paler and reddish about middle

of face, becoming black around margins ; occiput and lower

part of cheeks with long pale fulvous hair; cheeks broad,

but rounded behind ; antenne long, reaching metathorax ;

flagellum thick, crenulate, entirely dark ; mesothorax and

scutellum dull; area of metathorax triangular, coarsely

wrinkled, poorly defined ; hair of thorax long and fulvous ;

tegule fuscous, the outer margin paler. Wings long,

reddish hyaline, stigma and nervures amber-colour ; second

s.m. receiving first r.n. well beyond middle. Legs with

pale hair, golden on inner side of tarsi. Abdomen shining,

the dark segments beyond the middle with a very slight,

hardly observable, greenish tint; segments with very thin

bands of long pale hair ; apical plate broadly emarginate.

Hab. Quetta, India, March 1906 (Frank Benton).

This does not agree with any of the species reported by

Nurse from Quetta ; the nearest is A. balucha, Nurse, which

has more red on the abdomen and much paler hair on head.

It is just possible that A. quedéensis represents an extreine

colour-variation of A. balucha, but it seems to be quite

distinct. In Apidee Europes A. quetéensis runs to A. cingu-

lata and’ A. laticeps, but differs at once by the colour of hair

on head. A. balucha, which I have examined in U.S.

National Museum, has the area of metathorax of the Trach-

andrena type.

Andrena bentoni, sp. n.

? .—Length about 9 mm,

Black, including legs and abdomen ; hair of head and

thorax abundant, erect, but not hiding surface, very pale

greyish ochreous, black on vertex ; facial quadrangle con-

siderably broader than long ; clypeus shining, strongly and

closely punctured, without any distinct smooth line; man-

dibles red apically; process of labrum broadly truncate ;

286 Mr. IT’. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

facial foveee reddish brown, separated from eye by a distinct

punctured band; flagellum obscure brownish beneath except

at base; third antennal joint about as long as next three

together ; fourth and fitth short and about equal, sixth

longer ; mesothorax dull, closely and distinctly punctured ;

scutellum shining ; area of metathorax granular, minutely

plicate at extreme base; tegule fuscous, posteriorly ferru-

ginous. Wings strongly reddened, stigma and nervures

ferruginous; second s.m. receiving first r.n. in middle. Legs

with pale hair, scopa of hind tibize dense, entirely pale golden

fulvous. Abdomen broad and flattish, glistening, very finely

and closely punctured, second segment depressed hardly one-

fourth; hind margins of segments 2 to 5 with rather weakly

developed white hair-bands ; apical fimbria dark chocolate.

Hab. Menserah, N.W. Provinces, India, March 1906

(Frank Benton).

In Apide Europese A. bentont appears to fall nearest to

A. propinqua and A. separanda, but the hair of thorax is

quite differently coloured. ‘There is no close resemblance

to any of the Indian species.

Andrena precocella, sp. n.

6 —Length 7°5-8°5 mm.

Black, with long black and white hair. Very close to

A.-precor, Scop., but differing thus:—Hind margins of

second and third abdominal segments more or less brown or

red; mandibles with no basal tooth beneath; head equally

broad, but longer ; upper part of cheeks punctured; light

hair of thorax above white (not yellowish) ; fourth and fifth

abdominal segments with thin white hair-bands; apical

plate of abdomen emarginate, shaped like a fish-tail.

Compared with the Japanese A. pracociformis, Ckll., it

differs by the large amount of black hair at sides of face, the

cheeks strongly angled behind, the black hair on meta-

thorax, &e.

Hab. Quetta, India, March 1906, 5 g (Frank Benton).

The females of this group are very unlike the males, so I

thought it possible that Nurse might have described the

species from Quetta in the female sex. ‘There is, however, no

description which seems possibly applicable. In A. preco-

cel/a the fourth antennal joint is about 256 microns long,

the fifth 8320. The mandibles are long and falciform,

Apis florea nasicana, Cockerell.

Kohat, N.W, Provinces, India, March 1906 (Frank

Benton).

Records of Bees. 287

Tetralonia pomona (Nurse).

Both sexes ; Quetta, India, March 1906 (Frank Benton).

Tetralonia kohatensis, sp. n.

3 —Length 85-10 mm. ; antenne about 6°5 mm.

Black, with the small joints of tarsi ferruginous ; clypeus,

labrum, and basal half of mandibles clear sulphur-yellow ;

mandibles red in middle and black apically ; antenne long

and slender, bright ferruginous beyond the third joint, the

upper side dusky ; third antennal joint much longer than its

apical width, dark fuscous, abruptly contrasting with fourth ;

eyes green; maxillary palpi rather short, bat six-jointed ;

liead and thorax above, as well as front and upper part of

face, with long pale fulvous hair, cheeks and underside of

thorax with white hair ; dise of mesothorax shining ; tegule

light reddish fulvous. Wings clear, faintly brownish in

apical field ; stigma and nervures reddish fuscous ; first r. n.

meeting second t.-c. or falling a little short of it; marginal

cell obliquely truncate. Outer side of tibize with dense white

hair; tarsi with ferruginous hair on inner side; spurs

creamy white. Abdomen shining, with piliferous punctures ;

apical margin of segments broadly pallid, covered with dense

bands of pale ochreous tomentum, of equal width right across,

the band on first segment narrow ; no definable basal bands ;

lateral margins of sixth segment briefly dentate.

Hab, Kohat, N.W.Provinces, India, 4 ¢,. March 1906

(frank Benton).

Related to 7’. erythrocera, Cam., but easily separated by

the fulvous hair. Superficially the insect is exactly like

Tetraloniella aliena, Ckll.

Anthophora connewxiformis, sp. 0.

6 -—Length about 14 mm.

Robust ; black, including legs and antenne (except a very

small cream-coloured line on scape), with a short linear

creamy mark on each orbital margin below level of antenna,

aud a large cream-coloured area on clypeus, broad below,

narrowed to a band above (inverse goblet-shaped), but

labrum and mandibles wholly black ; eyes bright ochreous;

facial quadrangle much longer than broad; mandibles with

a large rounded tooth on inner side ; malar space well deve-

loped ; third antennal joint fully as long as next three

united, the fourth very short; clypeus, labrum, cheeks

(except upper part anteriorly), and occiput densely covered

288 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

with very long pure white hair ; front, vertex, sides of face,

and upper part of cheeks anteriorly with black hair ; thorax

with very long hair, mixed grey and white, dark on scutellum,

shining white on mesopleura; tegule black, very hairy.

Wings hyaline. Legs slender, with Jong black and white

hair, dark chocolate on inner side of tarsi; apical joint of

middle tarsi with no noticeable fringe ; hind basitarsus long

and broadened. Abdomen not banded or spotted, but with a

profusion of long erect hair, which is mostly greyish white,

but black on discs of fourth and following segments, though

white and very long at sides.

Hab. Quetta, India, March 1906 (Frank Benton).

Closely allied to A. connexa (Nurse), also from Quetta;

but according to Nurse’s description connexa has the clypeus

all yellow, the apical tarsal joints more or less rufo-testaceous,

the blackish hair of abdomen confined to the apical two

segments, and the front with white hair. It thus seems

probable that our insect is a distinct species, though it may

be only a variety. ‘There is a pencil of white hair on each

side of front, a little above level of antenna. The general

appearance of the insect is very like that of Yetralona

pomona.

Anthophora (Micranthophora) albopicta, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 11 mm., anterior wing 8 mm.

Black, including the legs and antenne, but mandibles

ferruginous with the lower basal corner broadly black ;

labrum black, with a very broad white band down the

middle ; clypeus with a large apical white triangle, attenuated

above, this on a light ferruginous field, which extends as a

band to upper margin, but the upper half of clypeus black

except in middle; eyes greyish ochreous, converging below,

the front very broad; flagellum very obscurely reddish

beneath; third antennal joint about 640 microns long,

the next three together about 735; maxillary palpi with

stout bristles, except on the last two joints; third joint of

Jabial palpi 560 microns from base to origin of fourth joint ;

pubescence very pale ochreous, nearly white, long on head

and thorax; on head and thorax above with black hairs

intermixed ; mesothorax extremely densely punctured ;

teoule piceous. Wings hyaline, with a very taint brownish

tint. Legs with creamy white hair, rusty black on inner

side of hind tibize and tarsi, anterior and middle tibize with a

small patch of ferrugiuous hair at apex. Abdomen broad,

Records of Bees. 289

hind margins of segments whitish hyaline ; whole surface of

dorsal segments rather thinly covered with appressed pale

hair, not forming bands ; apex with a patch of black hair ;

apical plate very long and narrow.

Hab. Kotal Malul, 8. Persia, Feb. 1906 (Frank Benton).

A typical Micranthophora, looking just like the Californian

A, anstrutheri, Ckll., though differing in the face-markings

and many other details. It is also related to the Indian

A. candida, Sm., but the pubescence of the abdomen in that

species is much more dense, the face-markings are different,

and the flagellum is red beneath,

Anthophora cincta (Fabricius).

Axim, Gold Coast, Africa (C. R. Mengel).

Anthophora antimena, Saussure.

Mahanoro, Madagascar, May 5, 1895 (W. L. Abbott).

Anthophora acraensis (Fabricius),

Luebo, Congo (D. W. Snyder).

Anihophora flavicollis, Gerstaecker.

Axim, Gold Coast, Africa (C. R. Menge’).

Anthophora leucorhina, sp. n.

3 (type).—Length about 15 mm.

Black, including flagellum and legs, except the reddish

apical joint of tarsi; face-marks creamy white, including

clypeus, labrum (except large black spot at each basal corner,

and black apical margin), elongate spot on base of mandibles,

narrow stripe along each anterior orbit (beginning at about

level of antenne, but not reaching lower corner of face), and

anterior surface of scape ; clypeus prominent, convex ; third

antennal joint about as long as next three combined ; face

and cheeks with long pure white hair, occiput with yellowish,

vertex and front with black hair, but some white on each

side of antenne, and some long black hairs at sides of face ;

malar space well developed; thorax with abundant long

hair, pale greyish-yellow above and on upper part of sides,

290 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

black on anterior part of scutellum, and white on lower part

of pleura; mesothorax duil, slightly shining on dise ; tegule

piceous. Wings hyaline, very faintly brownish apically.

Legs with long white hair; middle tarsi not modified, nor

with any black fringe on last joint; hind basitarsi_ not

toothed. Abdomen shining, with piliferous punctures, the

surface covered with long hair, pale greyish-yellow on first

two segments, black on the others, but hind margins of

segments 2 to 4 with loose bands of white hair ; venter with

long white hair,

¢ .—Length about 16 mm.

Tongue very long ; no pale face-marks, but a red tubercle

on each side of base of labrum, and malar space red ;_ hair of

front pale ; disc of mesothorax and anterior part of scutellum

with some dark hair, not conspicuous ; tegule rufo-testa-

ceous ; patches of fulvous hair at apices of anterior and

middle tibize and on hind knees; hair on inner side of hind

tibiee (except base) black, on inner side of hind tarsi largely

red, in some lights appearing rich fox-red with black margin ;

abdomen with broad pale hair-bands on segments 2 to 4;

apex with black hair ; apical plate long and narrow ; venter

with white fringe on segments 2 to 4, but dense black hair

on apex of 5.

Hib. Kotal Malul, 8. Persia, Feb. 1906 (frank Benton),

a ok ee

Htesembles A. cinerea (Friese), from Sarepta, but is con-

siderably larger, There is a general resemblance to A. cri-

nipes, Sim., but the middle tarsi are not modified as in that

species, and erinipes has a linear malar space. By the white

face-marks and prominent clypeus the male resembles

A. dives, Dours, of which I have a specimen marked

“cotype”’ from Gribodo, but the legs are entirely different.

Friese makes dives a synonym of A, dufourii, Lep., but it is

possibly separable, the male (at least) having no metallic

colour on abdomen, the middle tarsal joints of middle leg

longer and slenderer than in Friese’s figure, and the brush

on last joint wider. They agree, however, in the remarkable

hind basitarsi.

Osmia (Ceratosmia) balucha, Nurse.

Quetta, India, March 1906 (Benton).

The male has the middle femora strongly produced and

angulate beneath, but the hind basitarsi are not dentate.

Bibliographical Notice— Geological Society. 291

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene. Supplement, Vol. I.

London: the Trustees of the British Museum. 1914-15.

Since the publication of the first two volumes of the ‘ Catalogue of

Moths’ a formidable number of species in the families therein

included have since been described. Hence it became necessary

to prepare a supplement in order that the subject-matter of these

volumes might be brought up to date. The present volume, with a

smaller containing the plates, represents the first instalment of

that supplement.

Some idea of the number of species which have been added to

the lists may be gathered from Dr. Gahan’s Preface to Sir George

Hampson’s work. Thus, the family Amatide in vol. i. contained

169 genera and 1184 species, to which are now added 16 genera

and 945 species. The family Noline in vol. ii. had 13 genera and

162 species, to which are added 1 genus and 116 species; while

the Lithosiane in vol, ii. had 244 genera and 1055 species, to

which are added in this Supplement 73 genera and 880 species!

A supplementary volume to vol. ili. is in progress.

Whether all the species recognized in this Catalogue are really

“‘ eood species” is evidently a matter for debate, since the author,

in this Supplement, frequently admits of this or that new species

that it is ‘very possibly ”’ the male or female, or even a “ variety,”

of some other specific form.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

December 6th, 1916.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

Mr. G. C. Crick, A.R.S.M., F.G.S., gave an account of some

recent researches on the belemnite animal. He stated

that it was not his intention to deal that evening with the

homologies of the belemnite shell or with the phylogeny of the

belemnite group, but to confine himself to the restoration of a

typical belemnite animal and its shell, as shown particularly by

examples in the British-Museum collection.

He first demonstrated, by means of a rough model, the construc-

tion of the belemnite shell, including the guard or rostrum, the

phragmocone with its ventrally-situated siphuncle, and its thin

envelope the conotheca, with its forward prolongation and expan-

sion (on the dorsal side) known as the pro-ostracum. He then

292 Geological Society.

exhibited photographic slides of examples in the British-Museum

collection showing these various characters, and noted the abrupt

termination of the chambered cone on the lower part of the pro-

ostracum, of which the dorsal surface may have been partly or

almost completely covered by a thin forward extension of the

guard. To illustrate what was known of the complete body of

the animal as found associated with the guard, he then showed

photographic slides of two of the examples figured by Huxley

in his ‘ Memoir on the Structure of the Belemnitide ’ published in

1864. Each of these exhibited the guard associated with portions

of the pro-ostracum, the ink-bag, and the hooklets of the arms.

The form of the hooklets with their thickened bases was discussed,

this feature in a great measure justifying the attribution to the

belemnite of certain cephalopod remains (found practically at

about the same geological horizon) that included uncinated arms

associated with an ink-bag, and frequently also with nacreous

portions of (presumably) the pro-ostracum.

Of the remains of uncinated armed cephalopods from the Lias,

each exhibiting the same form of hooklets as those figured by

Huxley, he said that the British-Museum collection contained

seventeen examples, all from the neighbourhood of Lyme Regis and

of Charmouth, in Dorset. Each specimen exhibits a number of

uncinated arms associated usually with an ink-bag, sometimes also

with nacreous matter, and in two instances also with the guard or

rostrum. ‘These two examples were those to which he had already

referred as having been figured by Huxley, and unfortunately

the arms are not well preserved in either of these specimens ; in

one (B. bruguierianus, from the Lower Lias near Charmouth)

there are only a few scattered hooklets, while the arms of the

other (B. elongatus, from the Lower Lias of Charmouth) are

represented only by a confused mass of hooklets. Of the other

fifteen examples, in one there are a few solitary hooklets; in

another the number of the arms is very indistinct; in two the

remains of only two arms are preserved; in one there are traces

of three arms; in two there are indications of three, or possibly

four, arms; and in one there is a confused mass of possibly four

arms; and in one there are the remains of four, or possibly of five,

arms. In each of the remaining six specimens six arms can

be more or less clearly made out, while there is not a single

example in which more than six uncinated arms are displayed.

Of the six examples that exhibit six uncinated arms four are

stated to be from the Lias of Lyme Regis; one is from the Lias of

Charmouth ; and one was obtained from the Lower Liassic shales

between Charmouth and Lyme Regis. From a consideration of

these specimens, the speaker concluded that the cephalopod repre-

sented by these uncinated arms is the animal known as the

belemnite, and that the six uncinated arms were arranged in three

pairs of unequal length, of which the longest pair was lateral, the

medium-sized pair probably dorsal, and the shortest pair probably:

Geological Society. 293

ventral. He considered the presence of tentacular arms to be

doubtful. These observations were in accord with those of

Huxley, who, in his ‘Memoir’ already cited, stated that he had

‘not been able to make out more than six or seven arms in

any specimen, nor has any exhibited traces of elongated tentacula,

though the shortness of the arms which have been preserved would

have led one to suspect their existence.’

The speaker regarded certain markings sometimes to be seen on

the guard as indicating that during the life of the animal the

guard was almost, if not entirely, covered by the mantle, in which

case it was highly improbable that the guard was pushed into the

soft mud of the sea-bottom in order to act as an anchor.

He considered the animal to have been a free swimmer, swimming

forward ordinarily, but when desirable, capable also of sudden and

rapid propulsion backwards.

short discussion followed, and the thanks of the Fellows

present were accorded to Mr. Crick for his lecture.

December 20th, 1916.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

Marte C. Sropgs, D.Sc., Ph.D., gave an account of some

recent researches on Mesozoic ‘Cycads’ (Bennetti-

tales), dealing particularly with recently-discovered petrified

remains which reveal their cellular tissues in microscopic prepara-

tions. ‘To make the significance of the various fossil forms clear,

Dr. Stopes first showed some lantern-slides of living Cycads, and

then pointed out that it was in their external features and in their

vegetative anatomy only that the fossil ‘Cycads’ were like the

living forms ; the most importa nt features, the reproductive organs,

differ profoundly in the two groups, and the fossils were funda-

mentally distinct, not only from the living Cyeads, but from all

other living or fossil famihes.

The fossils representing the group that are most frequently

found are (a) trunks, generally more or less imperfect casts or

partial petrifactions, and sometimes excellent petrifactions pre-

serving anatomical details and cell-tissues ; (0) 1 impressions of the

foliage. Not infrequent are the detached impressions of incomplete

‘flowers’ or cones, of one cohort (the Williamsonee), while

petrified fructifications are numerous in some of the well-petrified

trunks of the Bennettitez. The described species of the group

run into hundreds, but probably many of these duplicate real

species, because the foliage, trunks, pith-casts, various portions of .

the fructifications, etc., have often been separately found and

named. In very few cases have the different parts been correlated.

The species of the foliage are the most generally known, as they

are the most readily recognized with the naked eye; they have

been described under a variety of generic names.

294, Geological Society.

The following table gives the proved, or probable, associated

parts of some members of the group :—

Foliage. Trunk, Fructifications.

Zamites spp. Bennettites spp. Bennettites spp.

Zamites gigas. Attached, no separate Williamsonia gigas.

name.

Ofozamites'sp. ~ =. au when an eee Williamsonia spectabilis.

Ptilophyliwm pectinoides. ss esas Williamsonia whitbiensis.

Anomozamites minor. (Only slender branches Wielandiella angustifolia.

known, no name.)

Teniopterts wiibata. ~ 9 te anaes Williamsoniella coronata.

Dr. Stopes exhibited slides of microphotographs of the stem

and leaf-base anatomy of the group, including some unpublished de-

tails of Bennettites maximus. The roots of the group have hitherto

been entirely unknown, and a slide was exhibited for the first time

showing rootlets penetrating the leaf-bases of a petrified specimen

(represented by a section in the Geological Department of the

British Museum—Natural History). These roots probably belong

to B. saxbyanus: they are covered with wonderfully petrified

root-hairs, running uncollapsed through the silica matrix. They

raise interesting questions concerning the possible chemical con-

ditions of the infiltration of the silica. Illustrations were also

exhibited of the famous complex ‘ flower’ and cone-structures, and

of Wieland’s brilliant restorations of the same. Microphotographic

slides were exhibited of the seed-cone of an interesting unpublished

new species from the British Gault. This is beautifully petrified,

and adds to our knowledge of the finer anatomy of the seeds and

associated structures. Itisalso the largest cone of the Bennettitales

yet known, though it occurs in the Gault, by which time the group

appears to have begun rapidly to die out.

The following table indicates the distribution of a few of

the most interesting representatives of the Bennetti-

tales (including the cohorts Bennettitee and William-

sone) :—

Upper CRETACEOUS. Very fragmentary and uncertain records; apparently

the group is nearly or quite extinct.

Mipp.Le Cretacrous; The new large-sized seed-cone.

Gault. B. morierei 9 (? described originally from the Jurassic).

Lower Crevracrous; Well-petrified trunks with fructifications.

Lower Greensand, B. gibsonianus (type-species of the Bennettitez),

B. maximus. \ Throughout

these periods

Potton Sands. Trunks, e.g. Colymbetes edwardsi. | :

in America,

Wealden. Trunks (casts and petrifactions), | trunk-remains

foliage, very abun-

B. saxbyanus. dant, often

k : petrified and

Jurassic; Purbeck. Trunks (casts and semi-petrifac- | with fructifica-

tions). Se \ tions, parti-

Buckland’s original Cycadeoidea | eularly from the

Spp- Black Hills,

C. gigantea, South Dakota,

Geological Society. 295

Oolites. Trunks, pith-casts, ete. Much | and Maryland.

foliage of various types. Wil- C. Jenneyana,

liamsonia gigas and other fruit- | C. ingens,

impressions. ) GC. wielandi, ete.

W. scotica. Rich ; : ms

Wi Pail ronata. ich impressions i

. piss iamsoniella een a Wiese. Gk Witkin.

Lias, Foliage and _Williamsonia sonia and many

fruits (India). foliage genera.

Rhetie, Wielandiella angustifolia and foliage.

The group is by far the most characteristic of all the plants of

the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous, during which periods its

distribution was almost world-wide. It was locally, if not univer-

sally, dominant, and was the most highly evolved plant-group of

the epoch of which we are cognizant.

Three chief points of interest are to be noted in the geological

distribution of these plants: (a) that the most numerous highly-

specialized trunks reach their maximum in the J urassic and Lower

Cretaceous Periods, when their distribution was practically world-

wide; () that the oldest and therefore presumably the most

primitive type, W 2elandiella, is externally less like the living eycads

than the commoner later forms, while these latter are utterly unlike

the living genera in their fructifications ; (ec) that the geologically

youngest cone is the largest yet discovered, occurring in the Gault

when the extinction of the group appears already to have set in.

Contrary to what might have been anticipated from their

external likeness to the living Cycads, coupled with their great

geological age, the fossil ‘Cycads’* are much more complex and on

a higher level of evolution than the living group: * It seems to the

Author to be extremely unlikely that the fossil and the living forms

have any direct phylogenetic connexion nearer than a remote,

unknown, common ancestor. The mooted connexion between the

fossil ‘ Cycads’ and the Angiosperms is highly suggestive, but lacks

data for its establishment.

A short discussion followed, and the thanks of the Fellows

present were accorded to Dr. Stopes for her lecture.

January 10th, 1917.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :-—

‘Balston Expedition to Peru: Report on Graptolites collected

by Capt. J. A. Douglas, R.E., F.G.S.’ By Charles Lapworth,

LL.D., M:Se., F.R.S., F.G.S.

The specimens of graptolites were collected from the rocks of

the Inambari district in Peru by Capt. Douglas, under whose name

296 Geological Soctety.

the collection has been placed in the Geological Department of

the University Museum, Oxford. These fossils were forwarded

by Prof. W. J. Sollas to Prof. C. Lapworth, who embodied the

results of his study in a Report, of which the following is a brief

abstract.

The specimens are recorded as all occurring in the same locality,

but it is not known whether they were obtained froma single zone.

The majority of the rock-specimens in which the graptolites oceur

are black and somewhat pyritous carbonaceous shales, usually well

bedded and uncleaved, and the graptolites are in general well

preserved. The lithology of the containing rocks and the mode of

preservation of the graptolites are similar to those obtaining in

the richest graptolite-bearing strata of Britain, Europe, and North

America.

The forms apparently represented in the collection are Logano-

graptus logant Hall, a new species of Gontograptus (7), Didymo-

graptus stabilis Elles & Wood and D. bifidus Hall, Phyllograptus

angustifolius Hall, Glossograptus acanthus Elles & Wood, Crypto-

graptus tricornis Hall, var., Amplexograptus confertus Lapworth,

and A. cwlatus Lapworth.

Taken as a whole, this graptolite fauna may best be compared

with that of the Upper Arenig formation of Britain and its North-

American equivalents, answering to the Lower Llanvirnian of

Hicks & Marr and the Didymograptus-bifidus Zone of Elles &

Wood and H.M. Geological Survey.

The assemblage of graptolites discovered in Bolivia a few years

ago by Dr. J. W. Evans corresponds very closely with this Peruvian

fauna, and was probably derived from the southward continuation

of the same Andean graptolite-band. The Peruvian forms in the

Douglas collection, like those from Bolivia, admit almost as close a

parallelism with those of the Arenig-Llandeilo graptolite-beds of

Australia and New Zealand as with their representatives in the

Northern Hemisphere.

Not only is the Douglas Collection of Peruvian graptolites

instructive and valuable from the paleontological point of view,

owing to the number and the good state of preservation of the

species represented, but it is of especial interest from the palzo-

graphical aspect, as affording additional proof of the identity

(in general facies) of the graptolite fauna of the sea-waters of

Lower Ordovician times in those regions of the globe which are

now oceupied by some of the dry lands of Britain, Eastern North

America, Peru, Bolivia, Victoria, and New Zealand. Thus it greatly

‘strengthens the inference that in Arenig-Llandeilo times there

was open-sea communication admitting of the circulation of sea-

currents along some as yet undetermined line or lines, connecting

the above-mentioned regions, which must have extended across the

Equator and apparently throughout a length nearly equal to that

of half the cireumference of the globe.

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XXVI.—A Revision of the Clupesid Fishes of the Genera

Pomolobus, Brevoortia and Dorosoma, and their Allies.

By C. Tate Reagan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genera dealt with in this revision are the Clupeinz with

a distinct notch in the middle of the upper jaw ; these have

usually been placed in two distinct groups—those with

terminal mouth and the last dorsal ray not prolonged being

associated with Clupea, and the others, with inferior mouth

or last dorsal ray prolonged, forming a group apart (Chato-

essine of Giinther, Dorosomatide “of modern authors) ; in

my judgment this is quite an artificial arrangement. All

these fishes appear either to be ean y entering rivers to

spawn in fresh or brackish water*, or are permanently

fluviatile (e. g., Gudusia, Signalosa).

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Gill-rakers of epibranchial of first arch folding downwards, those

near the angle overlapping the gill-rakers of the ceratobranchial.

A. Seales with edges entire or feebly serrated ; normal scales from

occiput to dorsal fin; pelvic fins 9-ray ed; ; operculum with

radiating grooves.

Teeth on vomer and palatines (rarely deciduous

in adultsye sae 2 anes, < eet he Cre pEpOor Oe « IL. Caspialosa.

* The breeding-habits of Ethmidium and Ethmalosa are unknown

to me.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 20

298 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeoid Fishes

Palate toothless; lower jaw not prominent, its

dapancluded ......'.. ...24s= ee ee ee eee 2. Alosa,

Palate toothless; lower jaw projecting ........ 3. Pomolobus.

B. Scales with edges serrated in young, pectinated in adults ; pelvic

fins 7-rayed.

A well-defined series of pectinated scales on each

side of middle line from occiput to dorsal

fin; operculum striated or nearly smooth .. 4. Brevoortia.

A median series of scutes from occiput to dorsal

fin ; operculum smooth or very feeblystriated. 5. Ethmidiwm.

IT. Gill-rakers of epibranchial of first arch not folding downwards over

those of ceratobranchial ; pelvic fins 8-rayed; operculum smooth.

A. Edge of dentary not reflected outwards in front of maxillary.

1, Last dorsal ray not prolonged.

Upper gill-rakers of first and second arches and

all of succeeding arches bent or expanded,

T-shaped or triangular in section .......... 6. Ethmalosa,

Gill-rakers normal: scales large, 40-50/13-20 .. 7. Hilsa.

Gill-rakers normal ; scales small, 75-100/27-34 . 8. Gudusia.

2. Last dorsal ray prolonged into a filament.

Mouth terminal or subterminal; maxillary nor-

mal, with one supramaxillary ............ 9. Clupanodon.

Mouth terminal; maxillary normal, with two

SULPPAMlexTNAPiOn s..%lnw. pix sie 0's wie ahete wine» 10. Signalosa.

Mouth subterminal or inferior; maxillary slender,

with one supramaxillary ..............5> 11. Dorosoma.

B. Edge of dentary reflected outwards in front of extremity of

maxillary ; mouth toothless, subterminal or inferior, transverse,

its cleft forming an angle: one supramaxillary.

Maxillary slender, distally slightly expanded and

curved downwards ; last dorsal ray produced

into.a filaments si6 |. ie sic say. is abe Sea gs bones 12. Nematalosa.

Maxillary slender, distally slightly expanded and

curved downwards ; last dorsal ray not pro-

Guna 8 Sie FE rch LS cin cisseeus eee hire sae eee 13. Gonialosa.

Maxillary a straight, thin, transversely expanded

lamina, tapering distally ; last dorsal ray not

produced 2. dias a ynktsis SAniahaen et eee 14. Anodontostoma.

1. CaspraLosa, Berg, 1915.

Clupeonella (non Kessler), Berg, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. 1913,

p. 472.

Caspialosa, Berg, Poiss. de l’eau douce de la Russie, p. 22 (1916).

Differs from Alosa in having three patches of teeth on the

palate, borne by the vomer and palatine bones; but in large

examples of C. caspia I find that the palate is toothless.

Black and Caspian Seas.

Berg recognizes thirteen species of this genus.

of the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, cc. 299

2. ALosa, Cuv. 1829.

Régne Animal, ed. 2, ii. p. 319; Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

xviii. 1916, p. 6.

North Atlantic and Mediterranean.

In my revision five species and six subspecies were

recognized,

3. Pomonosus, Rafin. 1820.

Ichth. Ohiensis, p. 38; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii.

1896, p. 424.

Distinguished from Alosa by the prominent lower jaw,

with its tip not included.

Western North Atlantic.

Synopsis of the Species.

I, Lower jaw strongly projecting ; 20 to 25 gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch.

Anterior teeth persistent; maxillary extending to

below posterior part of eye; caudal peduncle

TOMTSP UMP RECON 5.2 eet oath apie. ciao Phe 1. chrysochloris.

Jaws’ toothless; maxillary extending to below

middle of eye; caudal peduncle as long as deep. 2. mediocris.

II. Lower jaw a little projecting ; 40 to 50 gill-rakers on lower part of

anterior arch. j

Depth 33, head 42 in the length; eye 4: to 5in

head (in specimens of 220-260 mm.) ....... . 9d. @estivalis.

Depth 3, head 4 to 43 in the length; eye 33 to 4 in

head (in specimens of 220-260 mm.) ..... vee 4, pseudoharengus.

1. Pomolobus chrysochloris.

Pomolobus chrysochloris (Rafin. 1820), Jord. & Everm. Bull, U.S. Nat.

Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 425, and 1900, fig. 187, sd

Depth of body 32? in the length, length of head 4. Snout

longer than diameter of eye, which is 6 in length of head;

maxillary extending to below posterior part of eye; lower

jaw strongly projecting; small conical teeth persistent in

premaxillaries and anterior part of lower jaw; 23 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. 56 scales in a longitudinal

series, 17 in a transverse series; ventral scutes 21415.

Dorsal 18. Anal 18. Pelvics a little in advance of middle

of dorsal. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Silvery;

back darker.

Mississippi and southern coast of U.S.A.

A single specimen, 280 mm. long, from Pensacola.

20*

300 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeoid Fishes

2. Pomolobus mediocris.

Pomolobus medioeris (Mitchill, 1815), Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat.

Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 425, and 1900, fig. 188.

Depth of body 3} to 3? in the length, length of head 4 to

41, Snout longer than diameter of eye, which is 5 in length

of head ; maxillary extending to below middle of eye or a

little beyond ; lower jaw strongly projecting ; jaws toothless ;

21 or 22 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 56 scales

in a longitudinal series, 17 in a transverse series ; ventral

scutes 21-22+16. Dorsal 16-18. Anal 20-22. Pelvics

in advance of middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle as long

as deep. Silvery; back darker ; each scale on sides with a

dark spot.

Atlantic coast of U.S.A.

Three specimens, 280 to 800 mm. long, from the Potomac

and Woods Hole.

3. Pomolobus estivalis.

Pomolobus estivalis (Mitchill, 1815), Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat.

Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 426, and 1900, fig. 190.

Depth of body 33 in the length, length of head 42. Snout

a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 43 to 5 in the

length of head ; maxillary extending to below anterior part

or middle of eye; lower jaw a little projecting ; jaws tooth-

less ; 44 to 47 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 52

to 55 scales in a longitudinal series, 15 or 16 in a transverse

series ; ventral scutes20+14. Dorsal 17-18. Anal 18-20.

Pelvics below anterior half of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

longer than deep. Silvery ; back darker.

, Atlantic coast of U.S.A.

Two specimens, 220 and 260 mm. in total length.

4. Pomolobus pseudoharengus.

Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson, c. 1811), Jord. & Evyerm. Bug

U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 426, and 1900, fig. 189.

Depth of body 3 in the length, length of head 4 to 4}.

Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3}

to 4 in the length of head; maxillary extending to below

middle of eye or a little beyond; lower jaw a little pro-

jecting ; jaws toothless ; 40 to 42 gill-rakers on lower part of

anterior arch. 52 to 56 scales in a longitudinal series, 15

to 17 in a transverse series; ventral scutes 20-21+ 12-14.

of the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, de. 301

Dorsal 16-18. Anal 18-22. Pelvics below anterior half

of dorsal. Caudal peduncle as long as deep, or deeper than

long. Silvery ; back darker.

Atlantic coast of U.S.A.

Seven specimens, 220 to 260 mm. in total length.

4, Brevoorti, Gill, 1861.

Proc, Ac. Philadelphia, p. 37; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus.

xlvii. 1896, p. 483.

This genus is distinguished from Alosa by the pectinated

scales, ‘Vhe gill-rakers are very numerous, long and slender.

1. Brevoortia tyrannus.

Clupea tyrannus, Latrobe, Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc. v. 1872, p. 77, pl. i.

Clupanodon aureus, Agassiz, Spix, Pisc. Brasil. p. 52, pl. xxi. (1828).

Clupea menhaden (Mitchill, 1815), Gunth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 436 (1878).

Clupea aurea, Giinth, t. c. p. 487.

Brevoortia tyrannus, Goode, Rep. U.S. Fish. Comm. 1877, p, 19,

pls. 1., 1. (1879); Jord, & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, xlvii. 1896,

p. 4933.

Brevoortia patronus, Goode, t. c. p. 26, pl. v.

Depth of body 2} to 34 in the length, length of head 2% to

3}. About 70 gill-rakers (in the adult) on ceratobranchial

of first arch. About 50 scales in a longitudinal and 25 in a

transverse series ; in adults scales very deep, two often

meeting across one of the intermediate longitudinal series,

thus increasing the number of transverse rows ; ventral scutes

18-20+11-12. Dorsal 18-21. Anal 19-24. Pelvics

below or in advance of anterior rays of dorsal. Vertebre 48.

Nova Scotia to Gulf of Mexico and Brazil.

Several examples up to 350 mm. in total length ; one of

these, from Alabama, and therefore B. patronus, is exactly

similar to the specimen 8 inches long, from Woods Hole,

figured by Goode. Giinther’s example named Clupea aurea

is without locality, and may be North American ; the distri-

bution ot this species on the coast of South America has yet

to be made out.

2. Brevoortia pectinata.

Alosa pectinata, Jenyns, Zool, ‘ Beagle,’ Fish. p. 135, pl. xxv. (1842).

Clupea pectinata, Gunth. Cat. Fish. vil. p. 457 (1868).

Brevoortia pectinata, Goode, Rep. U.S. Fish, Comm. 1877, p. 80, pl. vi.

(1879).

Depth of body 23 to 22 in the length; length of head 3 to

34. Gill-rakers more numerous than in B. tyrannus, about

302 Mr. ©. T. Regan on the Clupeoid Fishes

90 on ceratobranchial of first arch. Scales more regularly

arranged and not so deep as in B. tyrannus; about 48 in a

longitudinal series, 20 to 25 in a transverse series ; ventral

scutes 18-20+10-12. Dorsal 17-19. Anal 18-22, Pelvics

below or in advance of origin of dorsal. Wertebree 44.

Northern Patagonia to Southern Brazil.

Here described from the types, skins, 180 and 260 mm.

in length (the larger kindly sent to me for examination by

C. Forster Cooper, Esq.), and from four examples of 220 mm.

from Rio Grande do Sul.

5. Erumrpium, Thompson, 1916.

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1. p. 458.

Closely related to Brevoortia, but with a median series of

scutes from occiput to dorsal fin.

Ethmidium maculatum.

Alausa maculata, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 480 (1847).

Alausa cerulea, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 482.

Clupea notacanthus, Giinth. Cat. Fish, vii. p. 443 (1868),

Clupea maculata, Giinth. 1. e.

Clupea (Alosa) notacanthoides, Steind. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wien, 1x.

1869, p. 809, pl. vii.

gen notacanthoides, Thompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1. 1916,

. 458.

Ebimidium cerulea, Thompson, t. c. p. 460.

Depth of body in the adult equal to length of head, 3 in

length of fish ; in the young head relatively shorter and body

deeper. Diameter of eye 4 to 7 in length of head ; maxillary

extending to below posterior part of eye or beyond. 80 (young)

to 160 (adult) gill-iakers on lower part of anterior arch. 24

to 28 scutes from occiput to dorsal fin; about 50 scales in a

longitudinal, 17 to 20 in a transverse series; ventral scutes

18-20+15-17. Dorsal 19-22. Anal 14-18. Pelvics

below anterior $ of dorsal. Vertebize 50. Silvery ; back

bluish ; sometimes a lateral series of dark spots.

Peru and Chile.

Four specimens, 100-280 mm. long, from Callao, Val-

paraiso, and Helladura Bay.

; 6. ETHMALOSA, gen. nov.

Form rather deep and strongly compressed. Upper jaw

with median notch ; lower jaw included ; teeth minute or

absent. Adipose eyelid well developed ; cheek moderately

deep, with a naked area below the suborbitals. Operculum

of the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, Sc. 303

smooth except for a groove parallel to its anterior edge ; sub-

operculum tapering upwards; opercular margin rounded ;

6 branchiostegals. Lower gill-rakers of first and second

arches long, slender, and numerous, those of ceratobranchial

folding over those of epibranchial, which are curiously

expanded, T-shaped or triangular in section, appearing angu-

larly bent on the lower side, but not on the upper; gill-rakers

of third and fourth arches similarly expanded or recurved,

the series fitting closely to form a sieve. About 45 scales in

a longitudinal and 16 to 19 in a transverse series ; edges of

scales crenulated in the young, pectinated in the adult ;

transverse grooves paired, not meeting in the middle of the

scale, only the most posterior groove extending right across ;

a well-defined mid-dorsal double row of scales, commencing

with a large postoccipital pair, extends backwards to the

dorsal fin ; ventral scutes with sharp-pointed keels. Dorsal

fin of 16 to 19 rays ; a very low basal sheath. Anal of 20

to 23 rays. Pelvics 8-rayed, inserted below anterior 4 of

dorsal. Caudal with alar scales.

Ethmalosa dorsalis.

Meletta senegalensis, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss, xx. p. 870 (1847).

Alausa dorsalis, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 418.

Alosa platycephalus, Bleek. Verh, Holl. Maatsch. Haarlem, 1862,

Guinée, p. 123, pl. xxvi. tig. 2.

Clupea dorsalis, Gunth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 458 (1868),

Clupea setusa, Steind, Sitzungsb. Akad. Wien, lx, 1869, p, 311, pl. vi.

Depth of body 24 to 3 in the length, length of head 3 to 32.

Diameter of eye 43 to 6 in length of head. Maxillary ex-

tending to below middle or posterior part of eye. About 45

‘scales in a longitudinal, 16 to 19 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 16-19+4+11-13. Dorsal 16-19. Anal 20-23.

Pelvics below anterior 4 of dorsal. Silvery ; back darker ;

tip of dorsal fin blackish. ;

West Africa.

Numerous examples up to 300 mm. in total length.

7. HILSA, gen. nov.

Paralosa (non Bleek.), Regan, Ann. Durban Mus, i. 1916, p. 167.

Distinguished from A/osa by the smooth operculum and

the different arrangement of the gill-rakers of the anterior

arch, from Hthmalosa by the normal structure of the gill-

rakers, and from both by the absence of alar scales on the

caudal fin.

304 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeotd Fishes

Coasts and rivers from Natal to China.

In the young the body is deeper and the head smaller than

in the adults, the greater length of the head in the latter

being mainly due to the size of the operculum.

Synopsis of the Species.

I, Parietal ridges expanded and striated.

A. Depth 23 to 3 in the length.

Head. 3 to 32 Ain the length) ety a Bae ee Ae Eerie 6 1. kanagurta.

Head 32-to 32 in the length ...0. 00s cves ce eee ree. 2, durbunensis.

B, Depth; 2} in the lengthy. ot), les y bee eels 3. brachysoma.

II. Parietal ridges narrow, covered by smooth skin.

A. Maxillary extending to below middle of eye (young) or beyond.

1. Caudal lobes as long as head.

Opereulum 3 to 2 as broad asdeep; scales 45-48/17-20. 4. alisha.

Operculum 2 to 2 as broad as deep; scales 42-45/16-17. 5. reevesi.

2. Caudal lobes longer than head.

Operculum 3 to 2 as broad as deep; scales 40/14-15 .. 6. toli.

B. Maxillary not reaching middle of eye; caudal lobes much longer

than head; scales 45/14-15............006. 7. macrura,

1. Tlilsa kanagurta.

Alosa kanagurta, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv. 1852, Haringaeht.

p- 84; Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 114, Clup. pl. vii. fig. 6 (1872).

Alosa malayana, Bleek. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. 1866, p. 294; Atl.

Ichth. vi. p. 114, Clup. pl. vii. fig. 4.

Clupea tlisha, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 445 (1868).

Clupea kanagurta, Day, Fish. India, p. 640, pl. clxii. fig. 4; Weber &

Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. 1. p. 67 (1918).

Depth of body 23 to 3 in the length, length of head 3 to

32. Parietal ridges expanded and striated. Snout nearly as

long as or a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 32

to 44 in length of head ; maxillary extending to below middle

or posterior part of eye ; width of operculum 4% or less than $

its depth ; 100 to 150 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. 42 to 45 scales in a longitudinal series, 13 or 14 ina

transverse series; ventral scutes 16-18+11-13. Dorsal

17-20. Anal 19-22. Pelvics below anterior half of dorsal.

Caudal about as long as head. A dark humeral spot, in the

young followed by a series.

Zanzibar to Malay Archipelago.

Fifteen examples, up to 220 mm. in total length.

of the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, &c. 305

2. Hilsa durbanensis.

Clupea durbanensis, Regan, Ann. Natal Govt. Mus. i. 1906, p. 4,

pl. iv.; Gilchrist, S. Afr. Mar. Biol. Rep, i. 1918, p. 59.

Depth of body 23 to 3 in the length, length of head 32 to

32. Parietal ridges expanded and striated. Snout as long

as or slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is 4 to 44

in length of head; maxillary extending to below middle or

posterior part of eye; width of operculum ? its depth; 150

gill-rakers on lower part. of auterior arch. 42 to 44 scales in

a longitudinal, 13 or 14 in a transverse series; ventral scutes

16-17+12-13. Dorsal 17-18. Anal 19-21. Pelvics

below anterior half of dorsal. Caudal fin about as long as

head. A dark humeral spot. Upper edge of dorsal and

posterior edge of caudal blackish.

Natal.

Three specimens from Durban, 140 to 200 mm. in total

length.

Gilchrist has examined a large example, 240 mm. long to

base of caudal fin ; in this the head is 32 in the length, and

there are 200 gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior

arch.

3. LHilsa brachysoma.

? Alusa brevis, Bleek. J. Ind. Arch. ii. no. 9, 1848, p. 638; Atl. Ichth.

vi. p. 116 (1872).

Alosa brachysoma, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. v. 1853, p. 527;

Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 115, Clup. pl. iv. tig. 5 (1872).

Clupea platygaster, Giiuth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 448 (1868) ; Weber &

Beautort, Mish. Indo-Austral. Arch. ii. p. 66, fig. 24 (1918).

Depth of body 2} in the length, length of head 32.

Parietal ridges expanded and striated. Snout as long as

diameter of eye, which is 4 in length of head; maxillary

extending beyond middle of eye ; width of operculum 2 its

depth; 100 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 42

scules in a longitudinal, 15 in a transverse series; ventral

scutes 17412. Dorsal 17-18. Anal 20-21. “Pelvics below

middle of dorsal. Caudal about as long as head. A dark

humeral spot ; dorsal and caudal dark-edyed.

Sumatra.

Here described from Bleeker’s type and only specimen,

which has the head and body deeper and the lower jaw longer

ete. than in A. kanagurta of this size (120 mm.) ; also the

first mid-dorsal post-cephalic scale is a striated bony plate.

Weber and Beaufort’s figure is of a fish that agrees with

Bleeker’s in the appearance of the head, but is more elongate

in form, the depth about 23 in the length.

306 Mr. C. T. Regan oa the Clupeoid Fishes

4. Hilsa ilisha.

Clupanodon tlisha, Ham. Buch, Fish. Ganges, p. 243, pl. xix. fig. 75.

Alosa palasah, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss, xx. p. 482 (1847).

Clupea palasah, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 445 (1868).

Clupea ilisha, Day, Fish. India, p. 640, pl. clxxii. fig. 3 (1878).

Depth of body 23 to 3 in the length, length of head 33 to

33. Parietal ridges narrow, covered with smooth skin in the

adult fish. Snout as long as or longer than diameter of eye,

which is 42 to 7 in the length of head ; maxillary extending

to below posterior part of eye or beyond ; width of operculum

from a little more than } to 4 of its depth ; 120 (young) to

220 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 45 to 48

scales in a longitudinal and 17 to 20 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 17-19+13-14. Dorsal 18-20. Anal 18-21.

Pelvic fins below anterior part of dorsal. Caudal fin about

as long as the head. Vertebre 47.

Persian Gulf to Burma.

Several specimens, 130 to 350 mm. in total length.

5. Hilsa reevestt.

Alosa reevesii, Richards, Ichth. China, p. 305 (1846).

Alosa palasah, Richards, ¢. c. p. 306.

Clupea reevesti, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 446 (1868).

Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of head 3 to

31. Upper surface of head covered with skin ; no striated

bones exposed, except in the young. Snout longer than

diameter of eye, which is 5 to 9 in length of head; maxillary

extending to below posterior part or edge of eye, or a little

beyond ; width of operculum 2 or more than 2 of its depth ;

gill-rakers long and slender. 150 (young) to 250 on lower

part of anterior arch. 42 to 45 scales in a longitudinal, 16 or

17 in a transverse series; ventral scutes 18+13-14. Dorsal

17-18. Anal 18-19. Pelvics below anterior half of dorsal.

Caudal fin about as long as the head.

China.

Seven examples, 150 to 500 mm. long, from Shanghai and

Kiu Kiang.

6. Hilsa toli.

Alosa toli, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 485 (1847); Bleek.

Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 118, Clup. pl. vili. fig. 4 (1872).

Alosa ctenolepis, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv. 1852, Haringacht. p. 32.

Clupea toli, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 447 (1868); Day, Fish. India,

p- 641, pl. clxii. fig. 2 (1878); Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-

Austral. Arch. ii. p. 64 (1913).

Clupea chapra, Giinth. l. ¢.

oj the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, &e. 307

Depth of body 22 to 33 in the length, length of head 33 to

4, Parietal ridges narrow, covered with smooth skin in the

adult fish. Snout as long as or longer than diameter of eye,

which is 42 to 74 in the length of head ; maxillary extending

to below posterior part of eye or beyond; width of operculum

from 4 to nearly 2 of its depth ; 70 to 95 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. About 40 scales in a longitudinal and

14 or 15 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes 17-184 11-13.

Dorsal 17-19. Anal 18~21. Pelvics below middle of dorsal.

Caudal lobes, in the adult fish, nearly 14 as long as head.

India, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

Several examples, 120 to 450 mm. in total length.

7. Hilsa macrura.

Alosa macrurus, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv. 1852, Haringacht. p. 31;

Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 118, Clup. pl. vi. fig. 4 (1872),

Clupea macrura, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 448 (1868) ; Weber & Beau-

fort, Fish, Indo-Austyral. Arch. ii. p. 65 (1918).

Depth of body 22 to 32 in the length, length of head 4 to

42, Parietal ridges narrow, covered with smooth skin in the

adult fish. Snout not longer than diameter of eye, which is

4 to 5 in the length of head; maxillary extending to below

anterior 4 of eye ;.width of operculum 4 its depth; 60 to 80

gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. About 45 scales

in a longitudinal and 14 or 15 in a transverse series ; ventral

scutes 16-18+11-15.. Dorsal 17-20. Anal 18-21. Pelvics

below middle or anterior part of dorsal. Caudal lobes, in the

adult fish, nearly twice as long as head,

Sunda Islands. :

Three examples, 160 to 350 mm. in total length.

8. GubusiA, Fowler, 1911.

Proce. Acad. Philadelphia, lxiii. p. 207.

Distinguished from H/sa by the smaller scales.

‘T'wo species from the rivers of India and Burma.

1. Gudusia chapra.

Clupanodon chapra, Ham. Buch, Fish, Ganges, p. 248.

Climea indica, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool.; Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 444

(1868).

Alausa microlepis, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 439 (1847).

Clupea chapra, Day, Fish. India, p. 639, pl. clxi. fig. 1 (1878).

Chepeas are Chaudhuri, Ree. Ind. Mus. vii. 1912, p. 439, pl. xxviii

euls

Depth of body 22 to 3} in the length, length of head 3 to

33- Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 4in length

308 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeoid Fishes

of head; maxillary extending to below anterior part or

middle of eye; 200 or more gill-rakers on lower part of ante-

rior arch. 75 to 100 scales in a longitudinal and 27 to 34 in

a transverse series; ventral scutes 18-20+8-10. Dorsal

14-16. Anal 20-24. Pectoral 13-14. Pelvics nearly

below origin of dorsal. Usually a dark humeral spot, some-

times followed by a series.

Northern India, from Sind to Assam.

Several examples, 120 to 140 mm. long.

2. Gudusia variegata.

Clupea variegata, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 263; Fish. India,

p- 689, pl. clxi. fig. 4.

Depth of body 23 in the length, length of head 33.

Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 43 in

Jength of head ; maxi!lary extending to below middle of eye;

more than 200 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

90 scales in a longitudinal and 32 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 19+10. Dorsal 16. Anal 23. Pectoral 14.

Pelvics nearly below origin of dorsal. Back with several

vertically expanded dark spots.

Burma.

A single specimen, 166 mm. in total length.

According to Day, this species differs from G. chapra in

the deeper body, the coloration, and 24 to 29 instead of 21

to 24 anal rays.

9. CLuPANODON, Lacep. 1803 *.

Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. p. 468; Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 112 (1872).

Konosirus, Jord. & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxiii. 1900, p. 349.

Mouth toothless, terminal or subterminal, with lateral

* Of the six species placed by Lacepéde in Clupancodon, Jordan (in

collaboration) has at different times regarded as the genotype: 1. jussteut

(by designation), 2. pilchardus (by elimination), and 8. thrissa (the first

species). But before this, in 1872, Bleeker (Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 112) stated

that Clupanodon thrissa was the type of Lacepéde’s genus. Reference to

Lacepéde’s work leaves no doubt that his species was the true Clupea

thrissa of Linneus, who took the name and the diagnosis respectively

from Osbeck and from Langerstrom. Lacepéde took the specitic name

from Linnzus, and gave China as the first locality; his description of

the pointed lower jaw and the notched upper jaw, and his statement

that the fish spawns in fresh water, apply quite well to the Chinese

species, but not to the Antillean species (Opisthonema oglinum), which

so many of the older writers believed to be the same fish. Consequently

I regard the Clupea thrissa of Osbeck, Linneus, and Lacepéde, and not

the Clupea thrissa of Bloch and of Giinther, as the type of Clupanodon.

of the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, cc. 309

cleft ; maxillary normally formed, extending to below ante-

rior part or middle of eye ; anterior supramaxillary absent.

Gill-rakers slender, very numerous. Dorsal 15-18 ; last ray

produced into a filament. Anal 20-28. Pelvics 8-rayed,

below anterior part of dorsal. 48 to 58 scales in a longi-

tudinal series, 20-23 in a transverse series. Vertebre 51

(in C. punctatus).

Coasts and rivers of China and Japan.

1. Clupanodon thrissa.

Clupea thrissa, Osheck, Iter Chinensis, p. 257 (1757); Linn. Syst. Nat.

ed, 10, p. 318 (1758).

Clupanodon thrissa, Lacep. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. p. 468 (1803).

Chatoessus maculatus, Richards, Ichth. China, p. 308 (1846) ; Giinth.

Cat. Fish. vii. p. 409 (1868).

Chatoessus osbeckt, Cuy. & Val. Hist, Nat. Poiss. xxi. p. 106 (1848).

Depth of body 22 to 3 in the length, length of head 34.

Diameter of eye 44 to 5 in length of head. Mouth terminal ;

maxillary extending to below anterior part or middle of eye.

48 scales in a longitudinal, 20 in a transverse series ; ventral

scutes 18-20+4+10-12. Dorsal 15-16. Anal 22-27. Pelvics

below anterior 4 of dorsal. A dark humeral spot, sometimes

followed by a series of spots.

China; Formosa.

‘Three specimens of 150-200 mm. from Formosa ; two from

China, 60 and 90 mm., are not included except for counts of

fin-rays etc.

2 Clupanodon punctatus.

Chatoessus punctatus, Schlegel, Faun. Japon., Poiss. p. 240, pl. cix.

fig. 1 (1846); Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi. p. 107 (1848) ;

Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 408 (1868).

Chatoessus aquosus, Richards, Ichth. China, p. 307 (1846); Cuv. & Val.

Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi. p. 109 (1848).

es punctatus, Jord. & Herre, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxxi. 1906,

p. 624,

Depth of body 3 to 33 in the length, length of head 32 to

43. Diameter of eye 43 to 5 in length of head. Mouth

subterminal ; maxillary extending to below anterior part or

nearly to middle of eye. 53 to 58 scales in a longitudinal,

20 to 23 ina transverse series ; ventral scutes 18-21 + 14-17.

Dorsal 16-18. Anal 20-25. Pelvics below anterior 4 of

dorsal. A dark humeral spot ; a dark spot on each scale of

upper half of body. Vertebre 51.

China; Japan.

Kleven specimens, 150-200 mm. in total length.

‘310 Mr.C.T. Regan on the Clupeoid Fishes

10. Sranatosa, Everm. & Kendall, 1898.

Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. 1897, p. 127.

Month toothless, terminal, with lateral cleft; maxillary

normally formed, extending to below anterior edge of eye or

a little beyond; two supramaxillaries. Giill-rakers slender,

very numerous. Dorsal 13-16; last ray produced into a

filament. Anal 21-27. Pelvies 8-rayed, below or a little in

advance of origin of dorsal. About 40 scales in a longitudinal

series. Vertebre 41. :

Rivers from Southern U.S.A. to Central America.

1. Signalosa mexicana.

Chatoessus mexicanus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 409 (1868).

Dorosoma mexicanum, Jord. & Everm, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii.

1896, p. 416.

Signalosa atchafalaye, Jord. & Everm. ¢. e. 1898, p. 2809, fig. 184.

Signalosa mexicana, Meek, Zool. Publ. Columbian Mus. vy. 1904, p. 94.

Depth of body 22 to 3 in the length, length of head 3 to

33. Diameter of eye 33 to 4 in length of head; maxillary

extending to below anterior edge ort of eye. 200 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. About 40 scales in a longi-

tudinal series ; ventral scutes 16-18+8-10. Dorsal 13-15;

origin equidistant from end of snout and base of caudal, or

nearer former. Anal 23-27. Pelvics inserted a little in

advance of origin of dorsal. A dark humeral spot.

Louisiania to Central America, in rivers emptying into the

Gulf of Mexico.

Nine specimens, 70 to 100 mm. in total length.

2. Signalosa petenensis.

Meletta petenensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 603.

Chatoessus petenensis, Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 408 (1868).

Depth of body 3 in the length, length of head 3} to 33.

Diameter of eye 34 to4 in length of head; maxillary ex-

tending to below anterior ¢ or edge of eye. 160 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. About 40 scales in a longi-

tudinal series; ventyal scutes 14-164+10-12. Dorsal 15-16;

origin nearer to end of snout than to base of caudal. Anal

21-24. Pelvics inserted below origin of dorsal. A dark

humeral spot.

Lake Peten.

Four specimens, 70 to 90 mm. in total length,

of the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, cc. Sin

11. Dorosoma, Rafin. 1820.

Ichth. Ohiensis, p. 39.

Chatoessus (part.), Cuv. Régne Anim. ed. 2, ii. p. 320 (1829); Gtinth.

Cat. Fish. vii. p. 406 (1868).

Chatoessus, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss, xxi. p. 94 (1848).

Mouth subterminal or inferior ; maxillary narrowed dis-

tally ; anterior supramaxillary absent. Gill-rakers slender,

very numerous. Dorsal 12-15; last ray produced into a

filament. Anal 26-38. Pelvics 8-rayed, in advance of

dorsal. 55 to 80 scalesin a longitudinal series. Vertebree 50.

Atlantic coast and rivers of North and Central America.

1. Dorosoma cepedianum.

Megalops cepediana, Le Sueur, Journ. Acad. Philadelphia, i. 1818,

. 361,

ee heterura, Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. 1818, p. 354.

Dorosoma notata, Ratinesque, Ichth. Ohiensis, p. 39 (1820).*

Chatoessus ellipticus, Kirtland, Rep. Zool. Ohio, p. 169 (1839).

Dorosoma insverabilis, Abbott, Proc. Acad. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 865.

Chatoessus cepedianus, Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 409 (1868),

Dorosoma cepedianum, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii.

1896, p. 416, and 1900, fig. 183.

Dorosoma cepedianum exile, Jord. & Everm. 1. ec.

Dorosoma exile, Meek, Zool. Publ. Columbian Mus. y. 1904, p. 94.

Mouth small, subterminal or inferior ; maxillary extending

to below anterior edge of eye. Depth of body 2 to 3 in the

length, length of head 32 to 43. Diameter of eye 4 to 5 in

length of head. 55 to 65 scales in a longitudinal series, 21 to

29 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes 17-19+10-13.

Dorsal 13-15. Anal 30-34. Pelvics inserted in advance of

origin of dorsal. A dark humeral spot, most prominent in

the young.

Cape Cod to Mexico, entering rivers.

Here described from five specimens, 180 to 260 mm. long,

from Virginia, Illinois, and Texas. In these the body is

deeper (depth 2 to 2} in the length) in the examples from

Virginia ‘than in those from Illinois and Texas (depth 22 to

3 in the length); but in young specimens this difference is

not apparent, the depth being about 3 of the length in both

forms.

2. Dorosoma anale.

Dorosoma anale, Meek, Zool. Publ. Columbian Mus. y. 1904, p. 98, fig.

Depth of body 22 to 3 in the length, About 70 scales in

312 Mr. ©. T. Regan on the Clupeoid Fishes

a longitudinal series. Dorsal 13-14. Anal 35-38. ‘In

other respects like D. cepedianum.

Atlantic coast streams of Mexico south of Vera Cruz.

T'wo examples, 120 to 160 mm. long, from Perez (Meck).

3. Dorosoma chavest.

Dorosoma chavesi, Meek, Zool. Publ. Columbian Mus. vii. 1907, p. 112.

Mouth rather large, with the jaws nearly equal anteriorly,

the mandible nearly $ the length of head and the slender

maxillary extending to below the middle of the eye. Depth

of body 24 in the length, length of head 23 to 3. Diameter

of eye 3 to 34 in length of head. 74 to 78 scales in a longi-

tudinal series ; ventral scutes 17-19+9-10. Dorsal 12-15.

Anal 26-30. - A dark humeral spot.

Total length 47 to 210 mm.

Lakes Managua and Nicaragua.

12. NEMATALOSA, gen. nov.

Mouth toothless, subterminal or inferior, transverse, its

cleft forming an angle; maxillary slender, distally slightly

expanded and curved downwards ; edge of dentary reflected

outwards in front of extremity of maxillary; one supra-

maxillary. Gill-rakers slender, very numerous. — Dorsal

13-18 ; last ray prolonged into a filament ; a scaly sheath at

base. Anal 18-24. Pelvics 8-rayed, below or a little in

advance of dorsal. Scales 44-50 in a longitudinal series,

14-21 in a transverse series. Vertebree 43 (in JV. erelz).

Coasts and rivers of Asia and Australia from Arabia to

Japan and New South Wales.

Synopsis of the Species.

I. Second suborbital covering cheek, its anterior edge vertical and its

lower edge horizontal and in contact with lower limb of pre-

Opercy lun fee ke eo Mep alessio s heb bias widen er aie 1. nasus.

II. Second suborbital with oblique antero-inferior edge; a naked area

above lower limb of przeoperculum.

A. Dorsal 16-18; pelvics below anterior part or middle of dorsal.

Anal 21—-93.; depth Siim lense in cea. ieee eile Beg 2. japonica.

Anal 19; depth 22 in length .............000. aiavats een 3. arabica.

Anal 20-22; depth 2 to 23 in length ...... aie eee Te 4. come.

B. Dorsal rays 15-16. Anal 18-22.

Depth 2 to 23 in length ; eye 83 (young) to 5 (very large

fish) in length of head; pelvics below or immediately

in advance of crigin Ofdorsal. 4.3 217.5 supe eat ee 5. erebi,

Depth 23 to 2 in length; eye 4 (young) to 5 (adult) in

length of head; pelvics below anterior 3 of dorsal .. 6. horni.

of the Genera Pomolous, Brevoortia, de. 313

1. Nematalosa nasus.

Clupea nasus, Bloch, Ausl. Fische, ix. p. 116, pl. eecexxix, fig. 1(1795).

Chatoessus aitus, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. pl. xci. fig. 2 (1835).

Chatoessus nasus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi. p- LOL (1848) ;

Day, Fish. Tndis a, p. 634, pl. elx. fig. 4 (1878).

Chatoessus chanpole, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 410 (1868).

Depth of body 22 to 24 in the length, length of head 33 to

4. Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye, which

is 34 to 4 in lenethi of head ; maxillary extending to below

anterior + of eye; second suborbital covering cheek, with

vertical anterior edge and horizontal inferior “edge attached

to lower limb of praoperculum. 45 to 50 scales in a longi-

tudinal series, 15 to 19 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes

16-19 + 10-12. Dorsal 15-17. Anal 21-24. Pelvics

below origin or anterior 4 of dorsal. Dark longitudinal

streaks along upper series of scales; often a dark “humeral

spot.

India.

Several examples, 100 to 200 mm. long, from Sind,

Bombay, Canara, Madras, Calicut, and Burma.

2. Nematalosa japonica, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 in the length, length of head 43. Snout

as long as diameter of eye, which is = in length of head ;

maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye; second sub-

orbital with oblique lower edge. 48 to 50 seales in a longi-

tudinal series, 19 or 20 ina transverse series ; ; ventral scutes

19-20+12-14. Dorsal 16-18. Anal 21-25. — Pelvics

below middle or anterior part of dorsal. A dark humeral

spot.

Inland Sea of Japan.

Three specimens, 200 mm, in total length.

3. Nematalosa arabica, sp. n.

Depth of body 22 in the length, length of head 382. Snont

as long as diameter of eye, which is 4 in length of head ;

maxillary extending to below anterior 1 of eye; second sub-

orbital with ‘oblique lower edge. 50 scales in a longitudinal

series, 19 in a transverse series; ventral scutes "18413.

Dorsal 17. Anal 19, Pelvics a little in advance of middle

of dorsal. Dark longitudinal streaks along series of scales on

upper part of body.

Muscat.

- A single specimen, 150 mm. in total length.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 21

314 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeoid Fishes

4. Nematalosa come.

Chatoessus come, Qichards, ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror’ Fish. p. 62,

pl. xxxviii. figs. 7-10 (1846).

Chatoessus nasus, Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 407 (1868).

Dorosoma nasus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 142, Clup. pl. ii. fig. 4 (1872) ;

Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. ii. p. 24 (1918).

Depth of body 2 to 24 in the length, length of head 33 to

4, Snout nearly as long as or shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 3 to 4in the length of head; maxillary extending

to below anterior 4 of eye ; lower edge of second suborbital

oblique. 46 to 50 scales in a longitudinal series, 17 to 20 in

a transverse series ; ventral scutes 18-20+10-12. Dorsal

16-18. Anal 20-22. Pelvics below anterior part or middle

of dorsal. Dark longitudinal streaks along upper series of

scales ; a blackish humeral spot.

Indo-Australian Archipelago.

Several examples up to 200 mm. in total length, including

one that I believe to be the type of the species (C. nasus,

specimen & of Giinther).

5. Nematalosa erebi.

Chatoessus erebi, Giinth. Cat, Fish. vii. p. 407 (1868).

Depth of body 2 to 2} in the length, length of head 34 to

41, Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye, which

is 3} to 5 in length of head ; maxillary extending to below

anterior } of eye; second suborbital with oblique lower edge.

46 to 50 scales in a longitudinal series, 17 to 21 in a trans-

verse series ; ventral scutes 18-19+10-12. Dorsal 13-16 ;

origin above or immediately behind base of pelvics. Anal

18-22.

Hast coast of Australia.

Several examples, 100 to 350 mm. in total length, from

Cape York, Burnett R., Mary R., and New South Wales.

6. Nematalosa horn,

Chatoessus horni, Zietz, Rep. Horn. Exped. ii. p. 180, pl. xvi. fig. 6

(1896).

Depth of body 24 to 24 in the length, length of head 3} to

4, Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye, which

is 4 to 5 in the length of head ; maxillary extending to below

anterior + of eye; lower edge of second suborbital oblique.

44 to 46 scales in a longitudinal series, 15 to 18 in a trans-

verse series; ventral scutes 16-18+9-11. Dorsal 13-16.

Anal 18-22. Pelvics below anterior 4 of dorsal.

of the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, &c. 815

Australia.

Vive of the types, 100-170 thm. long, from Red Bank

Creek, McDonnell Range ; numerous examples from the

Bulloo Creek, interior of Queensland (‘Challenger’) and

some from the Borwan R., interior of New South Wales

(Stead).

13. GONIALOSA, gen. nov,

Mouth formed as in Nematalosa. Dorsal 14-17; a scaly

sheath at base ; last ray not prolonged. Anal 22-28. Pelvics

8-rayed, below or in advance of origin of dorsal. Seales

45-75 in a longitudinal series, 16-25 in a transverse series.

Vertebra 44-46,

Rivers of India and Burma,

1. Gonialosa modesta.

Chatoessus modestus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, p. 622, and Fish.

India, p. 633, pl. clx. fig. 1 (1878).

Depth of body 2 to 2} in the length, length of head 3 to

4, Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 34 in

the length of head ; maxillary extending to below anterior

edge of eye. 45 to 47 scales ina longitudinal series, 16 to 18

in a transverse series; ventral scutes 17-19+9-12. Dorsal

14-17. Anal 24-28. Pelvics below or in advance of origin

of dorsal. Vertebree 44. Usually a dark humeral spot.

Burma.

Seven specimens up to 100 mm. in total length,

2. Gonialosa manmina.

Clupanodon manmina, Ham, Buch, Fish. Ganges, p. 247 (1822).

? Clupanodon cortius, Ham. Buch, ¢. ¢. p. 249,

Chatoessus manmina, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi, p, 114 (1848) ;

Day, Fish. India, p. 633, pl. elx. fig. 2 (1878),

Chatoessus cortius, Gunth, Cat. Fish. vii. p, 410 (1868),

Depth of body 22 to 31 in the length, length of head 33 to

43. Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 34 in

length of head ; maxillary not or barely reaching eye. 55 to

65 scales in a longitudinal series, 21 to 25 in a transverse

series. Ventral scutes 16-19+4+10-13. Dorsal 14-17,

Anal 22-26. Pelvics below or in advance of dorsal. Ver-

tebre 46. Sometimes a dark humeral spot.

Northern India and Assam.

Several specimens, to 130 mm, in length,

21*

316 On the Genera Pomolobus, Brevoortia, &e.

14. AnoponTostomA, Bleek. 1849.

Verh. Batav. Genootsch. xxil., Madura, p. 16.

Differs from Gondalosa in that the maxillary is a straight,

thin, transversely expanded lamina, tapering distally, whilst

the supramaxillary is very slender. Dorsal 17-19, with a

well-developed scaly sheath extending to tip of last ray.

Anal 18-21, depressible in a scaly sheath. Pelvics 8-rayed,

below middle or anterior half of dorsal. Scales 40-42 in a

longitudinal series, 12-17 in a transverse series. Ver-

tebree 42.

Coasts and rivers of India and Indo-Australian Archipelago.

1. Anodontostoma chacunda.

Clupanodon chacunda, Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, p. 246 (1822).

Chatoessus chacunda, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi. p. 111 (1848) ;

Ginth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 411 (1868); Day, Fish. India, p. 682,

pl. clx. fig. 3 (1878).

Anodontostoma husseltii, Bleek. Verh. Batay. Genootsch. xxii. 1849,

Madura, p. 15.

Chatoessus selangkat, Bleek. Verh. Batavy. Genootsch. xxiy. 1852,

Haringacht. p. 47.

Dorosoma chacunda, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 143, Clup. pl. ili. figs. 5,

(1872); Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. ii. p. 2

fiz, 14 (1918).

Depth of body 2 to 23 in the length, length of head 3} to 4.

Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 32 in the

length of head; maxillary extending to helow anterior } of

eye. 40 to 42 scales in a longitudinal series, 12 to15 ina

transverse. series; ventral scutes 16-18+10-11. Dorsal

17--19. Anal 18-21. Pelvics below middle or anterior part

of dorsal. Dark longitudinal streaks along upper series of

scales; a dark humeral spot.

India and Indo-Australian Archipelago.

Numerous examples, up to 160 mm. in total length.

2. Anodontostoma breviceps.

Chatoessus breviceps, Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, 1876, p. 848.

Depth of body 22 in the length, length of head nearly 4.

Snout 3 as long as eye; maxillary extending to below middle

of eye. 42 scales in a longitudinal series, 17 in a transverse

series. Dorsal 19. Anal 19. Pelvics below middle of

dorsal. Longitudinal dark stripes along upper series of

scales.

Total length 230 mm.

New Hanover.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera. 317

XXVII.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteraa—XXVIL. On

new Species in the British Museum. By Row ann LE.

Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Family Scoliida.

Subfamily Ezz.

Eilis bodkini, sp. n.

@. Nigra; clypeo lateribus, orbitis internis externisque anguste,

fascia transversa inter antennas, pronoto margine posteriore et

margine anteriore late interrupto, mesonoto macula quadrata

postice maculaque parva utrinque angulis posticis, postscutello

fascia, segmento mediano fascia longitudinali utrinque, meso-

pleuris fascia verticali sub alis, segmento dorsali primo macula

magna utrinque fasciaque angusta interrupta mediana, segmentis

tertio, quarto quintoque fascia basali, sexto macula transversa

basali, segmentis ventralibus 2-4 fascia lata emarginata, quinto

fascia mediana, angusta, interrupta, femoribusque intermediis

anticisque macula apicali flavis; alis subhyalinis, area radiali

late infuscata, venis fuscis ; mandibulis ferrugineis.

Long. 13 mm,

?. Clypeus finely punctured, subcarinate longitudinally in

the middle ; front and vertex coarsely punctured, with sparse

pale fulvous hairs ; frontal prominence subtuberculate on each

side on the inner side of the scape. Thorax closely and

rather coarsely punctured, more finely and closely on the

pronotum than elsewhere ; median segment subcarinate in

the middle at the base, a triangular space at the base much

more finely punctured than the rest ot the dorsal surface, the

sides of the segment shallowly obliquely striated. Abdomen

shining, finely and closely punctured, more strongly and

sparsely on the ventral surface ; sixth dorsal segment closely

and finely longitudinally striated. Second cubital cell very

Jong, the second abscissa of the radius nearly half as long

again as the third; first recurrent nervure received at three-

fifths from the base of the second cubital cell, second at two-

fifihs from the base of the third cubital cell.

Hab. River Mazaruni, British Guiana (G. ZL. Bodkin) ;

November 1916.

This is a smaller species than flavopicta, Sm., and has the

vertex much more closely punctured ; the puncturation of the

thorax is much closer and finer, the markings are somewhat

different, there is no blue gloss on the abdomen, and the

318 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

second abscissa of the radius is much longer. In the latter

character it resembles the Central-American ZH. pulchrina,

Cam., and £. bicincta, Sm., but differs from both in markings

and in the finer and closer puncturation.

Family Sapygide.

Sapyga furtiva, sp. n.

@. Nigra; antennis ferrugineis, apice infuscatis; clypeo lateribus,

fascia arcuata inter antennas, orbitis internis anguste, orbitis

externis supra, pronoto margine antico late interrupto, meso-

pleuris macula sub alis, postscutello fascia transversa interrupta,

segmento mediano macula magna apicali utrinque, segmentis

abdominalibus 2-5 fascia lata transversa, sextoque dorsali

macula magna ante apicem flavis ; femoribus subtus, tibiis, tarsis,

segmento dorsali primo fascia mediana, ventralique secundo basi

ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis, venis nigris, area radiali infumata.

Long. 11 mm.

?. Mandibles very broad, tridentate at the apex; clypeus

subrectangular, broader than long, the apical angles pro-

duced, longitudinally rugose. Head closely punctured-

rugose ; antenne thickened towards the apex, much stouter

at the base than in clavicornis; posterior ocelli at least half

as far again from the eyes as from each other. Thorax very

closely punctured ; abdomen shining, minutely and closely

punctured. Second abscissa of the radius half as long as the

third, more than twice as long as the first

flab, Simla Hills, 6300 ft.

Nearly allied to ecdavicornis, but differs in colouring, in the

larger second cubital cell, and in the stouter basal joints of

the flagellum.

Family Crabronide.

Subfamily Larrwz.

Dimorpha ruficaudata, sp. n.

@. Nigra; flagello fusco; scapo, mandibulis, pedibusque ferru-

gineis ; tegulis fuscis, apice testaceis; segmentis abdominalibus

4-6 rufis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.

Long. 8 mm.

9. Head sparsely punctured, the clypeus and front clothed

with long cinereous hairs, clypeus very short, transverse at

the apex, finely punctured and subcarinate in the middle ;

second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer than the third ;

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 319

posterior ocelli twice as far from each other as from the eyes.

Mesonotum shining, with scattered punctures, the anterior

third closely punctured and clothed with cinereous hairs,

which extend on to the pronotum, and more sparsely on to

the mesopleure. Scutellum smooth and shining. Median

segment strongly longitudinally striated, the space between

the striz more finely transversely striated, forming reticu-

lations. . Abdomen shining, microscopically punctured.

Radial cell very short, on the costal margin about twice as

Jong as the third abscissa of the radius, and not more than

half as long again as the apical margin of the cell; third

abscissa of the radius half as long again as the second, but

only one-third of the length of the second transverse cubital

nervure.

Hab. Nyasaland, Zomba (H. S. Stannus).

The colouring of the abdomen is unusual in the genus.

I use Jurine’s name Dimorpha for the genus instead of

Astatus, Latr., as to which there is some confusion.

Notogonia nigricans, Walk.

Notogonia nigricans, Walk. List of Hymen. in Egypt. p. 21 (1871). 9.

Notoyonia sculpturata, Kohl, Ann. Naturh, Hofmus. Wien, vii. p. 221

(1892). ¢.

There is a co-type of Walker’s species in the British

Museum.

Hab. Egypt; Port Soudan ; Albania; Gibraltar ; St. Vin-

cet, Cape Verde Islands.

Notogonia palumbula, Koll.

Notogonia palumbula, Kohl, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, ix. p. 804

(1894).

Notoyonia punctipleura, Cam., Sjéstedt, Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp. ii.

p. 285 (1910). .

This is merely the tropical subspecies of nigricans ; the

pygidial area of the female is narrower,

Hab. Cameroons; Kilimandjaro; Lake Nyasa; N.E.

Rhodesia.

Notogonia reticulata, Cam.

Leptolarra reticulata, Cam, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 81 (1900).

This is the Indian subspecies of nigricans, differing from

the typical form in the rather finer punctures of the meso-

notum,

320 Mr. R. EB. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Aub. Barrackpore, N.E. India; Matheran, W. India;

Chapra, Bengal.

Very closely allied to these three forms -of nzgricans is the

Australian WV. retiaria, Turn., in which the punctures of the

mesonotum are almost obsolete and the eyes nearer to each

other on the vertex. I do not consider that small differences

in the comparative length of the abscissa of the radius are to

be relied on in this genus; there seems to be a slight indi-

vidual variation in this respect. WV. mahensis, Cam., from

the Seychelles, differs from retéculata in the longer and rather

narrower radial cell.

Notogonta irrorata, Sm.

Larrada trrorata, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 284 (1856). 9. :

Larva (Notogonia) fraudulenta, Kohl, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus, Wien, ix.

p. 303 (1894). @.

Hab. Senegal; Sierra Leone ; Ashanti ; Uganda.

Notogonia cresus, Sm.

Larrada cresus, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 284 (1856). 9.

Notogonia cresus, Kohl, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, ix. p. 800

(1894). 9S.

Motes lirioides, Turn, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 753 (1912). 9.

Although the tarsal ungues are toothed in this species in

the female, the very different form of the pygidial area shows

that it is not closely related to A/otes.

Hab. Kast Africa from Mashonaland to Witu; West

Atrica, Gambia and Gold Coast.

Doubtless this species ranges through the whole of tropical

Africa.

Notogonia deceptor, Turn.

Motes deceptor, Turn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvii. p. 253 (1916).

This is closely related to WV. cr@sus, and is not a Motes.

It may possibly prove to be a colour-variety of cr@sus, the

siructural differences being very slight.

Tachysphex excelsus, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; segmentis abdominalibus primo secundoque, tertioque

dimidio basali rufis; alis subhyalinis, leviter infuscatis.

Long. 12 mm,

¢. Clypeus broadly triangularly deflexed towards the

Mr. R. EE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 321

apex, the triangular surface shining, with large scattered

punctures, the apical margin transverse. IHyes separated on

the vertex by a distance equal to twice the length of the

second joint of the flagellum; the third joint of the flagellum

about as long as the first.and second combined. Head and

thorax very finely and closely punctured; median segment

opaque, very finely granulate, the sides not striated ; the

posterior slope transversely striolate towards the apex, ail a

deep depression at the base. Abdomen highly polished ;

pygidial area elongate, rather sparsely and finely punctured.

The long spur of the hind tibia distinctly shorter than the

basal joint of the hind tarsus; spines of the fore tarsus

forming a comb, slender and fairly long. Radial cell longer

and natrower than in pectinipes ; the second abscissa of

the radius scarcely shorter than the third,

Hah. Tibet, Gyangtse, 13,000 ft. (1. J. Walton); June.

The sculpture of sthe median segment resembles 7. ee

Jrons, Kohl, from which it differs in other details. The eye

are further ajart on the vertex than in TZ. pectinipes, to

which it is allied in the form of the pygidial area.

Tachysphex filicornis, Koht.

Tachysphex filicornis, Kohl, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch. xxvii. p. 169.

This Mediterianean species occurs at Harar (G. Kvristen-

sen). A subspecies occurs at Salisbury, Mashonaland

(G. A. K. Marshall), in which the sculpture of the median

segment 1s much coarser, there being very distinct divergent

strize at the base, whereas the strise, as far as they are deve-

loped in fiicornis, are parallel. For this I suggest the name

Tachysphex filicornis eacerptus, subsp. n.

I do not regard the sculpture of the median segment as a

very reliable Sausete in this genus, considering that it is

liable to considerable variation in some species.

Tachysphex auropilosus, sp. n,

Q. Nigra; callis humeralibus, tegulis, abdomine, pedibusque rufo-

testaceis; segmentis ventralibus nigro intaminatis ; clypeo,

fronte, thor ace, segmento mediano, segmentisque dorsalibus mar-

gine apicali preecipue aureo-sericeo- pubescentibus ; ; alis pallide

-Havo-hyalinis, apice pallidissime infuscatis, venis testaceis,

Long. 14 mm,

¢. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex; eyes separated

on the vertex by a distance not quite equal to the length of

822 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

the second joint of the flagellum. Thorax and median seg-

ment very closely and minutely punctured, rather thinly

covered with very short, delicate, golden pubescence ; the

posterior slope of the median segment finely transversely

striated, with a deep median sulcus. Pygidial area elongate-

triangular, shining, sparsely and rather strongly punctured,

very narrowly truncate at the apex. Comb of the fore tarsi

long ; tibize with short golden pubescence. Jadial cell

rounded at the apex, not truncate, third abscissa of the radius

longer than the second, which is equal to the space between

the recurrent nervures on the cubitus. Tarsal ungues very

long, as in the genus Wetogonia.

Hiab. British East Africa, Simba, 3350 ft. (S. A. Weave),

April; Makindu, 3300 ft. (S. A. Neave), April.

This seems to belong to the group of ZY. quadricolor,

Gerst., but is a smaller and less robust species, and the eyes

are nearer together on the vertex; the colour of the wings is

also different. The elongate ungues are very remarkable.

Tachysphea depilosellus, sp. n.

Q@. Nigra; mandibulis basi, clypeo dimidio apicali, scapo, flagello

articulo primo, articuloque secundo basi, callis humeralibus,

abdomine, pedibusque rufo-ferrugineis ; alis anticis fuscis, posticis

pallide fusco-hyalinis ; venis nigris.

Long. 12 mm.

9. Clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, somewhat

deflexed from the middle, the apical half shining, with a few

large scattered punctures; the base of the clypeus and the

front clothed with very short, sericeous, silver pubescence.

Thorax closely microscopically punctured, the mesonotum

and scutellum bare; dorsal surface of the median segment

opaque, very closely and microscopically punctured, the sides

ot the segment obliquely, the apex transversely striated.

Abdomen slender; pygidial area elongate-triangular, sparsely

punctured. No pubescent fascize on the dorsal segments,

'l'arsal comb long, the basal joint of the fore tarsus with eight

spines. Radial cell broadly rounded at the apex ; second

abscissa of the radius longer than the third, which is longer

than the space between the recurrent nervures on the cubitus.

Hab. N. Rhodesia, Pakasa (O. Silverlock) ; January.

A very slender species, easily distinguished by the fuscous

wings from any other Ethiopian species with the abdomen red.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 323

Tachysphex brinckere, sp. n.

©. Nigra; mandibulis basi, tibiis anticis basi et subtus, tarsis

anticis, tarsisque intermediis posticisque apice fusco-ferrugineis ;

segmentis abdominalibus primo secundoque rufo-ferrugineis ;

tegulis testaceis; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice pallidis; venis testaceis.

Long. 138 mm.

9. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, finely and closely

punctured on the basal half; the apical half deflexed, shining,

with large scattered punctures. Vertex very closely micro-

scopically punctured; the eyes separated on the vertex by

a distance slightly exceeding the length of the second joint

of the flagellum ; front and the base of the clypeus clothed

with very short silvery pubescence, which is only visible in

certain lights. Thorax minutely and closely punctured ;

median segment granulate, as Jong as the mesonotum, the

sides and apex ot the segment striated, Second and third

dorsal segments with a little short silver pubescence at the

apical angles; pygidial area elongate-triangular, sparsely

punctured. Comb of fore tarsus long, basal joint of the fore

tarsi with eight spines. Radial cell broadly rounded at the

apex ; second abscissa of the radius longer than the third,

nearly twice as long as the space between the recurrent ne1-

vures on the cubitus,

Hab. Transvaal, Pretoria (Miss J. Brincker).

Tachysphex punctata, Sm.

Larrada punctata, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 282 (1856). ¢ (as 2),

Larra punctata, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiv. p. 247 (1884).

The type is a male, not a female, and is a true Tachysphea.

The wings are of a darker fuscous than in any other small

black Ethiopian species of the genus known tome. L[yes

separated on the vertex by a distance equal to about twice

the length of the second joint of the flagellum.

Tachysphex subfuscatus, sp. 0.

Q..Nigra; segmentis abdominalibus duobus basalibus fusco-rufis ;

tarsis fusco-ferrugineis ; alis subhyalinis, venis fuscis ; clypeo,

fronte, segmentisque dorsalibus tribus basalibus fascia apicali

argenteo-pubescentibus ; thorace rugose punctato; segmento

mediano longitudinaliter striato-reticulato.

Long. 9 mm.

9. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, the apical

324 Mr. R. KE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

margin armed with a number of ill-defined teeth. Head

closely and rather finely punctured; antennze short and stout ;

eyes separated on the vertex by a distance slightly exceeding

‘the length of the two basal joints of the flagellum. Thorax

coarsely punctured- rugose; scutellum punctured ; median

segment irregularly longitudinally striate, with finer trans-

verse striz, giving a reticulate appearance, which is more

strongly developed on the more coarsely sculptured sides of

the segment. Pygidial area smooth, rather broadly trian-

gular. Legs slender ; comb of the fore tarsi long ; spur of

the hind tibia much shorter than the basal joint of the hind

tarsi, Radial cell broadly obliquely truncate at the apex ;

second and third abscissee of the radius pchias

Lfab, Nyasaland, Mlanje, 2300 ft. (S. A. Neave) ; October.

Tachysphex strigatus, sp. n.

©. Nigra; tarsis articulis apicalibus brunneo-ferrugineis ; fronte

clypeoque argenteo-pubescentibus; mesonoto crasse punctato,

cinereo-piloso; segmentis dorsalibus tribus basalibus fascia

interrupta apicali argenteo-pubescente; segmento mediano

fortiter longitudinaliter striato; alis hyalinis, venis brunneo-

ferrugineis; tegulis testaceis.

Long. 9-11 mm.

2. Clypeus broadly subtruncate at the apex, the apical mar-

gin somewhat reflexed and with two blunt teeth on each side,

closely and not very finely punctured. Front opaque, finely

punctured-rugulose, the vertex closely and not very finely punc-

tured, yes ‘separated on the vertex by a distance half as great

again as the length of the second joint of the flagellum. Meso-

notum and mesopleurze coarsely punctured-rugose ; scutellum

strongly but not very closely punctured. Median segment

coarsely longitudinally striated, with finer irregular, transverse

strie between ; the sides thre segment coarsely rugose-reti-

culate. Abdomen shining ; pygidial area triangular, shining,

with a few small scattered punciures. Radial cell rather broadly

obliquely truncate at the apex ; second abscissa of the radius

a little longer than the third, equal to the distance between

the recurrent nervures on the cubitus.

Hab. N.1. Rhodesia, between Fort Jameson and Lundazi,

4000 ft. (S. A. Neave), June ; Central Angoniland, Lilongwe

District, 4000-5000 ft. (S. A. Meave), May; Nyasaland,

Mombera District, 4000 ft. (S. A. Neave), June; Nyasaland,

Kotakota (Dr. J. L. S. Old).

Easily distinguished by the coarse sculpture of the thorax

and median segment.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 325

Tachysphex vulneratus, sp. n.

©. Nigra; mandibulis basi, tegulis, tibiis tarsisque anticis, femori-

bus apice, tibiis intermediis et posticis subtus, tarsisque inter-

mediis et posticis basi nigro intaminatis, brunneo-testaceis ;

segmentis abdominalibus quinto sextoque omnino, quartoque

apice rufis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis; fronte, clypeo, segmentis-

que dorsalibus tribus basalibus fascia apicaliinterrupta argenteo-

pubescentibus ; segmento mediano longitudinaliter striato.

6. Femine similis, tibiis tarsisque intermediis et posticis brunneo-

testaceis ; segmentis dorsalibus sexto septimoque omnino, quinto-

que apice rufis ; fronte clypeoque aureo-pubescentibus.

Long., 2 10-11, ¢ 8-9 mm.

2. Clypeus truncate at the apex, rather broadly depressed

on the apical margin, with two minute teeth on each side.

Head finely and ciosely punctured ; eyes separated on the

vertex by a distance not quite equal to the length of the

second joint of the flagellum ; antenne slender ‘and rather

long, ‘Thorax closely and not very finely punctured ;

median segment strongly longitudinally striated, the sides of

the seoment more finely obliquely striated, the surface of the

posterior truncation finely transversely neds Pygidial

area triangular, not elongate, shining, with a few scattered

punctures. Comb of the fore tarsus long and slender ; the

Jong spur of the hind tibia almost as long as the basal joint

of the hind tarsus. Radial cell long, rather narrowly rounded

at the apex; third cubital cell about as long as the second,

both on the cubitus and on the radius.

6. Seventh dorsal segment broadly rounded at the apex ;

eighth ventral segment shallowly emarginate, the angles

produced into distinct teeth.

Hab. N.E. Rhodesia, Niamadzi. River, near Nawalia,

2000 ft. (S. A. Meave), August; Mid Luangwa Valley,

2000 ft. (S. A. Weave), July ; "Upper Luangwa Valley

(S. A. Neave), August.

This differs from strigatus in colour, in the much finer

sculpture of the thorax, in the lesser distance between the

eyes, and in the long and slender antenne.

Prosopigastra neavei, sp. n.

©. Nigra; mandibulis in medio, abdomine segmentis tribus basali-

bus, calcaribus, tarsisque articulis apicalibus ferrugineis; tegulis

testaceis ; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis nigris,

do. Femine similis; segmentis abdominalibus 5 ‘apicalibus nigris ;

tarsis ferrugineis ; tibiis basi albido-maculatis.

Long., 9 7-8, d 6 mm.

326 Mr. R. H. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

9. Clypeus very widely arcuately deflexed towards the

apex, the deflexed portion smooth and shining, the apical

margin subtruncate. HWyes separated on the vertex by a

distance equal to about four times the length of the second

joint of the flagellum; head very distinctly but not very

closely punctured ; a smooth convex area between the ante-

rior ocellus and the base of the antenns. Thorax rather

more strongly punctured than the head, the individual pune-

tures large and clearly separated. Median segment scarcely

more than half as long as the mesonotum ; the dorsal surface

margined by caring at the sides and apex, irregularly and

coarsely striate-reticulate ; the sides of the segment longitu-

dinally striated, the posterior slope rugose. Abdomen closely

and finely punctured ; pygidial area shining, sparsely punc-

tured, very narrowly truncate at the apex. Comb of thie

fore tarsi long and slender. Radial cell short, very broadly

obliquely truncate at the apex; second and third abscissee

of the radius subequal, each at least half as long again as the

fourth.

3d. Seventh dorsal sezment broadly rounded at the apex ;

eighth ventral segment emarginate, testaceous, the apical

anvles produced into short spines. Hyes separated on the

vertex by a distance not exceeding half the length of the

second joint of the flagellum.

Hab. N.E. Rhodesia, Mid Luangwa Valley, about

2000 ft. (S. A. Neave), July and August; Nyasaland, be-

tween I*t. Jameson and Dowa, 4000 ft. (S. A. eave),

October.

The sexual divergence in the distance between the eyes

on the vertex is greater than in any Mediterranean species

of the genus.

Subfamily Trrpoxrroyivaz.

Pison papuanum, Schulz.

Pison papuanum, Schulz, Berlin. Ent. Zeit. xlix. p. 217 (1904).

Pison morosus, Sm. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. viii. p. 85 (1864). 9 (nec

Sm. 1856).

Pison constrictum, Turn. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p, 201 (1912).

Pison constrictum, Turn. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 627 (1916).

I had overlooked the name papuanum in my recent paper

on Pison.

Ona new Terrestrial Isopod from New Zealand. 327

XXVIII.—A new Tuberculate Terrestrial Isopod from New

Zealand. By Cuas. Cuitton, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., C.M.,

LL.D., C.M.Z.S., Professor of Biology, Canterbury

College, New Zealand.

[Plate XIII.]

In 1915 * I described a tuberculate species of Cubaris from

New Zealand under the name C. sutert, Of this species I

had only the one specimen, and I stated that of a second

tuberculate species, CO. hamiltoni, only a single specitnen was

known, these facts showing that our knowledge of the

terrestrial Isopoda of New Zealand was still very incomplete.

I suggested also that a careful survey, especially in the

forests of the North Island, might bring to light other inter-

esting species. This has already proved to be the case, and

I have recently received from Mr. David Miller, of the New

Zealand Agricultural Department, several specimens of

another tuberculate Cubaris found under the bark of fallen

logs in the bush at Levin, Wellington. Of this species

Mr. Miller was fortunate enough to find eight specimens.

In general appearance, colour, markings, etc., they are very

similar to Cubaris suter’, and I at first thought that they

might perhaps be specimens of this species with the tubercles

on the dorsal surface better developed than in the type-

specimen. This, however, proves not to be the case, as the

tubercles, or, rather, ridges, are arranged differently, and I

am therefore describing the specimens as a new species, which

I have much pleasure in naming after their discoverer.

Cubaris millert, sp. n. (Pl. XIII. figs. 1-6.)

Specific description.—Oblong-oval, breadth about half the

length. MKpimeral portions fairly well developed, especially

in the first segment of the pereon ; central portion of each

segment very convex and marked off from the lateral portions

by a longitudinal ridge or flange on each segment (figs. 1 & 2).

Head with the anterior margin produced upwards into a well-

defined ridge projecting slightly above the dorsal surface and

having the upper margin regularly convex and without any

notch : the posterior surface of the head is produced dorsally

into a distinct transverse flange rising high above the general

surface and showing in front view much higher than the

* Journ. Linn, Soc. vol. xxxii. p. 425, pl. xxxvii. figs, 24-28,

328 Prof. C. Chilton on a new Tuberculate

anterior margin; the flange has a slight depression in the

centre, so that. its upper margin is concave (fig. 3). Each

seement of the perzeon bears a pair of longitudinal tubercles

or ridges, which are low anteriorly but become higher towards

the posterior part of the segment; these ridges increase in

size and distinctness on the posterior segments until, in the

seventh segment, the ridge is much higher than the segment

itself and projects backwards over the pleon. In dorsal view

these ridges form an almost continuous row, separating the

central part of the body from the lateral portions. In each

segment there are a few small tubercles or irregularities both

on the lateral portions below the ridge and also on the central

part between the ridges. Inferior margin of first segment of

person deeply cleft posteriorly, the cleft extending nearly

halfway along the whole margin; inferior margin of the

second segment with a distinct tubercle on its inner surface

enclosing a wide notch for the reception of the succeeding

seoment when the animal is rolled up into a ball (fig. 4),

The pleon bears no ridges and shows the usual characters ;

the posterior segment has the hind margin either straight or

very slightly concave (fig. 5).

Antenne (fig. 3) of normal shape, the second and third

segments of peduncle subequal, the fourth a little longer and

the fifth nearly twice as long as the fourth; flagellum a little

shorter than the fifth joint of peduncle, its first joint about

one-third the length of the terminal joint.

The mouth-parts show the usual structure common to the

genus, and do not appear to present any distinctive characters.

The legs are all short and of the usual form. In the single

male dissected the anterior pairs do not show any special

modification; but as the specimen is small and the legs

imperfect the evidence on this point is not quite conclusive.

The pleopoda of the male do not appear to differ in any

important points from those of other species of the genus.

The uropoda (figs. 5 & 6) have the endopod very short,

almost knob-shaped, extending only ashort distance from the

base ; its extremity bears two or three minute sete. The

exopod is also very small, reaching only about halfway from

its attachment to the posterior end of the peduncle ; it bears a

rather long seta, which reaches nearly as far posteriorly as

the pedunele.

Under a high power the whole integument shows minute

seale-like markings.

Colour. Pale reddish brown, with marblings of a darker

brown,

Terrestrial Isopod from New Zealand. 329

Length of largest specimen about 7 mm.

Loc. Under the bark of fallen logs in the bush, Levin,

Wellington, N.Z.

This species appears to be closely related to Cubaris sutert,

Chilton, the structure of the lateral margin of the first and

second segments of the perwon and of the uropoda being

closely similar in the two species. In C. sutert, however,

the ridges are transverse and mainly confined to the posterior

border of the peraon segments, while in the present species

the ridges are longitudinal, extending along nearly the whole

of the length of each segment, and they are much better

developed and consequently more prominent. Another

tuberculate species, C. hamiltont (Chilton) *, probably also

comes near to these two species; but the dorsal surface is much

more profusely supplied with flanges or ridges and with

pointed tubercles. C. hamiltoni is known only from the

single ty pe-specimen which was obtained in the neighbourhood

of Petane, near Napier, in New Zealand, and this specimen is

unfortunately somewhat imperfect, so that our knowledge of

the species is far from complete. The only other tuberculate

species known from New Zealand is C. macmahoni (Chilton),

originally described from Kenepuru in Marlborough, though

I have since had specimens sent to me from one or two

localities in the North Island. C. spinosus (Dana) is a spiny

species, “ the body bristied throughout with subacute spines ” ;

but itis only known from Dana’s brief description and figures,

no specimen having been’since collected. It was found by

Dana near the Bay of Islands.

I am much indebted to my assistant, Miss E. M. Herriott,

M.A., for preparing the drawings to illustrate this paper.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

(All the figures refer to Cubaris millert, sp. 0.)

Fig. 1. Dorsal view of whole animal.

Fig. 2. Side view of animal (antennz and legs not shown).

Fig. 3. Front view of head with antenne etc., the ange arising from

the posterior border of the head showing behind the anterior

margin.

Fig. 4. Lateral margins of perzeon segments 1, 2, and 3, from below.

Fug. 5. Terminal portion of pleon, from above.

Fig. 6. Uropoda and terminal segment, from below.

* See Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. viii. pp. 99-152, pls. xi.-xvi., and

Trans. N.Z. Inst, vol. xlii. pp. 286-291.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xix. 22

330 On South-African Talitridee.

XXIX.— South-African Talitride.

By the Rev. Tuomas R. R. Stepsine, M.A., F.R.S.

On Christmas Eve in1916 Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley, of Durban,

Natal, obtained some specimens of Talitridze at Eshowe Bush,

1800 feet above sea-level. Of those which he has kindly

forwarded to me most are females, but one or two males

among them, though less in size than many of the other sex,

will, I think, settle a question which has long been obscure.

The species is clearly that which Spence Bate in 1862 named

Tulorchestia? africana. Clearly, also, it may now be referred

to the genus named Talitriator by Methuen in 1913, and more

fully defined by Barnard-in 1916.

Genus TALITRIATOR, Methuen.

1913. Talitriator, Matthews, P. Z. 8. Lond. p. 109.

1916. Talitriator, Barnard, Ann. 8. African Mus. vol. xv. pt. 3, p.222

Related to Talitrus by feeble minutely chelate second

gnathopods in both sexes; distinguished from it by the first

antennee nearly as long as the peduncle of the second ;

maxillipeds with small fourth joint to the palp; first gnatho-

pod shorter than second; fifth side-plates of perzeon more

‘unequally bilobed ; telson longer than broad.

Of these characters, the last two seem to be scarcely of

generic importance. Spence Bate considers the fifth side-

plate to be equally bilobed in Zelitrus; but neither his own

figures nor the facts support this statement.

Talitriator africanus (Bate).

1862. Talorchestia ? africana, Bate, Amphipodous Crust. Brit. Mus.

p. 15, pl. ii. figs. 6, 62, 64.

1906. Talorchestia ? africana, Stebbing, ‘Das Tierreich, Lief. 21,

. 564.

1910. Talorchestia ? africana, Stebbing, Ann. S. Afr. Mus, vol. vi.

pt. 4, p. 459.

1912. Talitrus ? africanus (Bate), Calman, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 8, vol. x. p. 185 (1912).

1918. Taltriator eastwoode, Methuen, P. Z. 8, Lond. p. 110, pls. x., xi.

1916. Talitriator eastwoode, Barnard, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. vol. xv. pt. 3,

p. 223 (and Talorchestia ? africana, p. 215).

In the male specimen the flagellum of the first antenne has

ten joints, in the female eleven, in hoth sexes the third joint

of the peduncle is the longest, in the second antenne the

flagellum of the male has 22, the larger female 23 joints.

‘The palp of the first maxilla is minute. Of the customary

On new Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. 331

three teeth on the inner plate of the maxillipeds two are very

conspicuous, but the innermost small, as shown by Methuen.

For the second gnathopod Methuen gives ‘ coxal plate

excavate behind with conical projection.” Barnard mentions

this as having specific value in the genus and as excluding

the typical species from Tu/itrus. It is, however, found in

T. alluaud’, Chevreux, 1896. Methuen states that the first

pereeopod is not quite as long as the second. ‘This, surely, is

an accidental reversing of the true relation. For the grext

size of the anterior lobe of the fifth side-plate there is a

parallel in 7. alluaudi. Our specimens show four pairs of

setules on the telson, while Methuen’s figure shows only two

pairs ; but Barnard supposes that Methuen’s specimens were

probably not quite mature. A fine red colour was retained

by Mr. Bell-Marley’s specimens as received nearly two

months after capture. As this is probably a terrestrial

species, it is desirable to point out that in Metluen’s notes on

distribution the word “ depths ”” has by some mischance been

substituted for “heights” in the quotation from ‘ Das

Tierreich,” .

XXX.—New Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera.

By Colonel C. Swinuosg, M.A., F.L.S.

Danainin.

Salatura pleaippus adnana, nov.

3 ?. A local race of plewippus, uniformly smaller; all the

black vein-markings narrower ; the black apical portion of

the fore wing broader, consequently the bronzy-red interspace

between veins 2 and 3 much shorter; no indication of the

‘small similarly coloured space always present in plew/ppis in

the next upper interspace, just outside the cell-end, aud the

series of subapical bars all much shorter,

Expanse of wings, g 238, 2 -3 inches.

Hab. Luzon.

Staudinger refers to this local race in ‘ Iris,’ 1889, p. 28.

Evrrermy 2.

Tsamia eclecta, nov.

d. Upperside dark blackish brown: fore wing paler on

the outer third, the inner two-thirds with a slight blue-black

Beis 09%

332 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new

gloss; a minute blue-grey spot at the lower end of the cell,

another outside it in the interspace above vein 4, and another

above the upper end of the cell close to the costal margin :

hind wing with the costal space whitish, descending a little

into the cell; a very faint series of blue-grey dots close to

the outer margin; no other markings on either wing. Under-

side fairly uniform blackish brown, paler than it is above ;

fore wing with the hinder marginal space whitish; spots

larger and more prominent, one at the lower end of the cell,

another beyond it ; a rather long oval spot in the interspace

above vein 2, a small spot outside it, and three small spots

close to the margin above the hinder angle, and two small

spots at the base of the wing: hind wing with three basal

small spots, one at the end of the cell, five in a line in the

interspaces 2, 3, 4,5, and 6, a submarginal spot in inter-

space 2, two close together in interspace 3, and one in inter-

space 4; a series of somewhat larger spots close to the

margin in the interspaces up to interspace 4; cilia with white

dots in the interspaces both above and below. Head with

three white spots on each side; thorax above with a white

central line; below, palpi with a white spot between them

and one on each side, thorax covered with white spots, and

the abdomen with a central row of larger spots.

Expanse of wings, ¢, 4 inches.

Hab. Palone, Burma, June 1887.

Prerinz.

Hebomoia solomonensis, nov.

-$. Fore wings with the orange apical portion occupying

more than one-third of the wing, extending well into the cell,

filling up very nearly the whole of interspace 3 and the outer

and upper halt of cell 2; the costal band very narrow, blackish

grey powdered with ochreous, thickens a little at the apex,

runs down the outer margin very narrowly, and ends in a

blackish suffused small patch just above the hinder angle;

the interior blackish band which usually limits the orange

portion entirely absent ; the submarginal blackish spots in

the orange patch spear-shaped and very pale: hind wings

without any marginal band. Head and body powdered with

ochreous.

Expanse of wings, ¢, 375 inches.

Hab. Solomons.

Madais vi.

Teracolus vi, Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1884, p. 487, pl. xxxix. figs. 6, 7.

Teracolus immaculata, Rober, Seitz, Macro. Lep. i. p. 86,

Species of Indo- Malayan Lepidoptera. San

My type came frem the vicinity of Aden in Arabia, Rober’s

type from Syria ; [I have both in my museum, and there can

be no doubt they are identical. Teracolus vi is not mentioned

in Seitz.

Family Aganaide.

Asota lara.

Hypsa lara, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 215 (1893).

Aganais intacta, var., Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxxi. p. 138, pl. ii. fig. 4

(1888).

Hab. Java.

It is a good species, quite different to intacta, Walker,

having a broad, central, longitudinal stripe on the fore wing ;

it is apparently quite common in Java; I have received

several examples from Mt. Gedé and Buitenzorg.

‘ Family Drepanida.

Sewa orbiferata.

Abracas orbiferata, Walker, xxiv. 1126 (1862).

Argyris insignata, Moore, P. Z, 8, 1867, p. 645.

Platypteryx cilicoides, Snellen, 1, c, xxxii, p. 9, pl. i. fig. 3 (1889).

flab. Sarawak, Borneo (type in B. M.). ;

The type of ¢nségnata in the B. M. is marked “ Bengal.”

Snellen’s type is from Java. I have it from Mone, Shan

States (Adanders), and from Kina Balu, Borneo (£verete).

‘They are all very similar.

Ticila argentilinea.

Ticilia argentilinea, Walker, xxxii. 394 (1865); Swinhoe, Cat. Het.

Mus. Oxon. i. p. 244, pl. vii. fig. 18, ¢ (1892).

Platypteryx argentilinea, Snellen, /. ¢. p. 8, pl. 1. fig. 2, 2 (1889).

Hab. Singapore (type 2? in Mus. Oxon).

It is also from Sula in Mus. Oxon. (a ¢). Snellen also

described his type trom Java as argentilinea.

Family Lasiocampide.

Sitina cinyra, nov.

?. Palpi black, with some white hairs on its upperside ;

head and thorax covered with long ochreous-while (nearly

pure white) hairs; abdomen black; anal tuft white: tore

wing black, irrorated with very minute white atoms ; a large

round black spot with a white line through it at the end of

334 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new

the cell; an antemedial, sinuous, transverse white line; a

postmedial diffuse white band, narrowing hindwards, and

through it a black dentate line, curved outwards below the

costa, its points outwards; a series of black lunules with

white outer edges close to the margin ; cilia with some white

spots: hind wing paler, uniform in colour, without irrorations,

a white waved band across its middle from the middle of the

costa to the abdominal margin near the anal angle; cilia

white, with pale blackish spots. Underside uniformly

coloured like the upperside of the hind wing ; a rather broad

white band across both wings, evenly outwardly curved, -

postmedial on fore wing, medial on hind wing; the marginal

matks on both wings as on the upperside. Body and legs

black, with white hairs ; abdomen with white lateral bands.

Expanse of wings 14 inch.

Hab. N. Gippsland, Victoria (H. W. Davey).

It is unnamed in the B. M.

Sitina epipasta, nov.

@. Palpi ochreous brown ; head and shoulders covered

with white hairs; thorax black, with ochreous-grey hairs ;

abdomen black, with some ochreous-grey hairs on the first

two segments, small tufts of white hairs on the middle of the

last two segments and on each segment at the sides ; anal

tuft white: fore wing grey, darkest on the middle of the

costa, blackish on the basal half of the hinder margin, the

wing eovered with minute white irrorations, dense at the

base and on the lower half of the middle; below the cell a

white, sinuous, transverse, antemedial line; a small white

Junular mark at the end of the cell; a postmedial band of

grey Junules outwardly edged with white; a submarginal

row of black lunules, outwardly edged with white; veins

brown, finely marked with white: hind wing uniformly

grey, with a nearly straight white band from the middle of

the costa to the abdominal margin above the anal angle ;

cilia of both wings grey. Underside coloured uniformly

erey as on the upperside of the hind wing; a transverse

medial white band on both wings, nearly straight on fore

wing, outwardly and evenly curved on hind wing. Bod

concolorous with the wings ; abdomen with the lateral white

spots continued into segmental bands, its anal segment white ;

legs with white hairs.

Expanse of wings 1,%5 inch.

Hab. Yackandandah, Victoria (7. W. Davey).

Species of Indo-Ma’ayan Lepidoptera. 335

Family Deilemereida.

Deilemera luzonica, nov.

?. Belongs to the evergista group, nearest to eres, Boisd.,

and gerra, Swinhoe (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 63, pl.iv. fig. 1);

fore wing of the same blackish-brown colour ; a longitudinal

white streak near the base, shorter than in gerra, with a small

white spot below it near the base; a very large white patch

with waved outer side, commencing at the upper end of the

cell in a narrow rounded form, broadening hindwards to the

internal vein ; its inner side is slightly excavated at the lower

margin of the cell, and then runs inwards below the outer end

of the basal streak, occupying a large portion of the central

space of the wing; two large white, rounded, submarginal

spots as in gerra, but much larger: hind wing with a narrow

* costal blackish-brown band and an even outer marginal band,

as in gerra, with a submarginal white spot in it, a little

below the apex. Head and body yellow ; collar with two

biack spots ; thorax covered with short green scales ; abdo-

men with broad black segmental bands.

Eixpanse of wings 1,8; inch.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines.

Deilemera purata, nov.

?. Milk-white ; palpi white, the last joint black; top of

head with a black spot, two on the collar; thorax with a

black medial line, and another thinner line on each side of it;

abdomen with a dorsal row of pale blackish spots; legs white,

without markings: fore wings with the veins grey, a darker

grey blotch or patch at the lower end of the cell: hind wing

with dark grey streaks at the vein-ends, decreasing in size

hindwards. Underside with all the vein-ends grey and a

large space on the fore wing blackish from the base to the

end of the cell, extending upwards to the costa, the veins

through this black space white.

Lixpanse of wings 1;%) inch.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines.

Figured by Semper as a female aberration * of Deilemera

sonticum, Swinhoe, also from the Philippines ; but I have in

my museum both sexes of sonticum trom Mindanao and

Luzon. ‘lhe sexes of that species are alike and are widely

different from this form, though the palpi, head, and body

are similarly marked.

* Phil. Schmett. pl. Iviii. fig. 7 (1899).

336 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new

Family Lymantriide.

Euproctis servilis.

Euproctis servilis, Walker, xxxii. 850 (1865). g.

Darala prima, Walker, xxxv. 1917 (1866). ¢.

Euproctis incompta, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xx. p. 9, pl. i. fig, 2

(1879). ¢.

‘Euproctis flwvipennis, Snellen, 1. ec, xxii. p. 107, pl. ix. fig. 1 (1879). 9.

Euproctis cinerea, Heylearts, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxvi. p. 10 (1892).

Euproctis nurma, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iil. p. 469 (1899).

Type ¢, Celebes, in Mus. Oxon.

Type & prima, Celebes, in Mus. Oxon.

Types ¢ incompta, Java, in coll. Snellen.

Type ? flavipennis, Makassar, Celebes, in coll. Snellen.

Type cinerea, Java.

Type nurma, Timor, in coll. Joicey.

As stated in my monograph of this family in Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1903, p. 420, the colour of the fore wings varies much,

from pale yellow to olive-brown, and the hind wings from

yellow to white. I have the two extremes from the same

locality ; I have received it from Celebes, Java, Talaut, and

Kina Balu, Borneo: the markings are all identical.

Family Hadenide.

Cirphis philippensis, nov.

3 2. Palpi, head, body, and fore wings brownish ochreous,

much as in the common C, doreyi, Dup.: fore wing with a

narrow white streak along the median vein to the end of the

cell, with some blackish scales below its basal half ; narrower

white streaks on all the other veins, and still narrower (very

fine) streaks in all the interspaces ; some blackish scaling on

the basal half of the hinder margin ; a small black mark at

the lower end of the cell, at the end of the white streak first

mentioned, a black dot in the interspace below the middle of

the cell, and another in the same interspace more than half the

distance between it and the outer margin, some black points

on the outer margin ; cilia brownish ochreous, variegated by

the white streaks running into it: hind wings pure white,

without any markings, Underside with the fore wing paler,

with the white streaks less distinct and a black spot one-sixth

before the apex, close to the costa.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 2, 1,%) inch.

Hab, Luzon, Philippines,

Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. 337

Family Catocalide.

Attatha flavata, nov.

?. Head and body yellow; collar black; a broad black

band across the middle of the thorax ; a square black patch

at the base of the abdomen: fore wings bright yellow ; ashort

black streak from the base; a long black streak on the

hinder margin, not reaching the base nor the hinderangle; a

black band from the middle of the costa, narrowing hindwards

to near the hinder angle, and a triangular black patch from

the costa near the apex, much as in A, regal’s, Moore, from

India ; four black spots on the lower portion of the outer

margin: hind wing paler yellow, with a marginal series of

small black spots. Underside dull yellow, quite uniform in

colour ; a rather large, quadrate, blackish patch at the end of

the cell ; small black marginal spots on the hind wing.

Expanse of wings, ?, 1,8) inch.

fab. Manilla ; two examples received from Herr Semper

as A. flavata, Semper ined., but has never been published.

Attatha coccinea, nov.

?. A larger insect than flavata ; head and thorax yellow ;

frous black ; collar, middle band across thorax, and patch at

base of abdomen black as in flavata ; abdomen scarlet: fore

wing bright yellow, the bands and streaks as in flavata; the

apical patch not excavated on its outer side as in regalis, the

central band narrower: hind wing scarlet, marginal spots

small and black. Underside: both wings and body and

Jegs uniform scarlet ; fore wing with a dark black patch at

end of cell as in flavata, but blacker, no black patch in the

middle of the outer margin as in regalis, one black spot at

the end of vein 3, and a series of black spots on the outer

margin of the hind wing ; the subterminal large black spot

in regalis near the anal angle on the upperside not present.

Expanse of wings, 2, 1% inch.

Hab. Luzon (Semper).

Family Stictopterida.

Stictoptera poliata, nov.

?. Head, body, and fore wings dark grey, covered with

blackish irrorations, which are uniformly distributed throughout

the fore wings except in the middle of the wing, through which

there is a prominent black thick line, uniform, and evenly

outwardly curved, marginal points black: hind wings with

338 Colonel (. Swinhoe on new

broad and even black border, which occupies nearly half of

the outer portion of the wing; a black cell-spot and black

veins ; cilia grey. Underside paler grey, with very broad

black borders to both wings: fore wings with a black dis-

coidal spot and another above it close to the costa: hind wings

with a large black discoidal spot.

Jixpanse of wings 1} inch.

Hab. Singapore.

Received with several examples of S&. plagifera, Walker,

Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. p. 187 (1864), and described by Walker

asa Thirmesia; type in Mus. Oxon., and apparently over-

looked and omitted in Phal, xi.

Stictoptera wetterensis, nov.

6. Fore wing narrow and long, the outer margin very

oblique and but slightly convex; head, body, and fore wing

dark pinkish grey, thickly irrorated with black atoms: fore

wing with a short black linear mark below the cell-end, a

shorter one at the end, a transverse similar mark near the

hinder angle, a longer similar mark parallel with the costa at

the apex, and an obscure blackish mark near the hinder

margin one-third from the base: hind wing dull white, the

veins black; a fairly broad even black band on the outer

margin. Underside dirty white, all the veins black: fore

wing nearly all blackish, the whitish part confined to the

space below the cell: hind wing with a discoidal black line

and blackish borders as on the upperside.

Expanse of wings 14 inch.

Hab. Wetter Island, South-west Islands, Amboina.

‘Lhe Amboina examples are almost identical with that from

Wetter ; when more material comes to hand the genitalia

must be examined to determine its exact position.

Stictoptera tongloana, nov.

3d. Head, body, and fore wings greyish brown with a

slight pinkish tinge: fore wings with a number of indistinct,

transverse, blackish, waved lines; a black spot inwardly

white-edged at the end of the cell, a small black mark below

the cell beyond its middle, another rather larger beyond it,

with a small one above it eontinucd upward ina waved linear

form to near the costa, a similar submarginal disjointed row

of black marks, and two black round spots at the apex; all

the other marks more or less lunular and encircled by a paler

ground than that of the rest of the wing; a row of pale

blackish lunules, inwardly pale-edged, close to the outer

Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. 339

margin, and small dark black lunules, inwardly pale-edged,

on the margin: hind wings smoky white, veins black ; a very

broad, even, black marginal band, occupying one-third of the

wing-space ; cilia w hite. Underside much as in wetterensis.

Hixpanse of wings 14 inch.

fab. 'Tonglo, Solomon Islands.

Stictoptera dispar, nov.

3 ¢?. Palpi, head, body, and fore wings dark chocolate-

brown, nearly black; palpi grey in front: fore w ing with the

base and outer portions slightly paler, markings very in-

distinct ; a transverse, somewhat oblique, and very indistinct

band, postmedial, parallel with the outer margin, and beyond

the reniform, apaler band adjoining its outer side somewhat

reddish-tinged, with some obscure black spots init, and black

Junular marks. on the margin: hind wings smoky white, the

veins black ; outer margin broadly and evenly black, occu-

pying more than one-third of the wing. Underside of the

usual pattern, but the fore wing has four rather prominent

white spots on the costa before the apex, and the hind wing a

prominent discal lunular bar which runs up to the costa.

Expanse of wings 1,5 inch.

Hab. Mt. Kebea, Brit. N. Guinea, 6000'.

I have four examples which I received as S. macromma,

Snellen (fiom Celebes), but they do not correspond with

Snellen’s figure or description, or with Hampson’s description

in Phal, xi. p. 162.

Stictoptera commutata, nov.

¢. Fore wings much as in dispar, but there is a very

large round white spot below the cell at the base of vein 3,

which slightly enters the cell and also slightly crosses vein 2 ;

at the base of the wing there are some dull ochreous scales

and dull ochreous hairs covering the upper sides of the thorax,

two spots behind, and some on the first two segments of the

abdomen : hind wings and underside as in dispar.

Expanse of wings 1,95 inch.

Hab. Mt. Kebea, Brit. N. Guinea, 6000'.

Two examples.

Family Epiplemide.

Epiplema rhacina, nov.

3. Upperside of a uniform olive-brown colour: fore wing

with the basal half of the costa irrorated with dark brown; a

340 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new

double ring-shaped mark somewhat like a figure of 8 in the

cell, another at its end, and a third below the end, the last

two more or less connected ;. the basal half of the fore wing

is finely striated with brown thin striations ; there are indica-

tions of an outwardly curved brown antemedial line on the

fore wing, and a sinuous outwardly curved middle line con-

nected. with the two outer ring-marks; both wings with a

postmedial line, sinuous in the fore wing, its upper half very

deeply outwardly curved, double on the hind wing, waved

and very slightly outwardly curved ; a row of submarginal

brown spots on both wings; outer margin of the fore wing

somewhat excavated below the apex as in . moza, Butler *,

but not so deeply, and the two tails of the hind wing blunt

aud very short. Underside pale pinkish grey, both wings

with discoidal marks, double brown transverse lines rather

close together, and minute submarginal spots.

Expanse of wings 1,%, inch.

Hab. Khasia Hills.

Family Pyralide.

Crithote horridipes.

Crithote horridipes, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 183 (1864).

Selenis crinipes, Suellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxiii. p. 109, pl. viii. figs. 4, 4a

(1880).

Type, Sarawak, Borneo, in Mus, Oxon.

Type ertnipes, Bonthain, Celebes, in coll. Snellen.

Apparently a very widely distributed species. I have it

from Gilolo, the Khasia Hills, and from N. Kanara, 8. India ;

there is no appreciable difference in any of them.

Avitta subsignans.

Aritta subsignans, Walker, xv. 1675 (1858).

Oroba surrigens, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 81 (1864).

Epizeuxis inductalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent, xxiii. p. 180 (1680), and

xxiv. p. 68, pl. vi. fig. 8 (1881).

Avitta fasciosa, Moore, Descr. Ind. Lep. Atk. p. 194, pl. vi. fig. 26 (1882).

Type, Kanara, 8. India, in B. M. —

Type surrigens, Sarawak, Borneo, in Mus. Oxon.

‘Type inductalis, Makassar, Celebes, in coll. Snellen.

Type fasciosa, Khasia Hills, in coll. Staudinger.

Another widely-spread species. Snellen records it from

Java, and I have received it from Sumba Island, Java,

Goping, Perak, Coomoo (Queensland), the Andaman Islands,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 402 (1878).

Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. 341

Bombay, Nilgiri Hills, and the Khasia Hills—all apparently

identical ; whether the examination of the genitalia will bear

this out remains to be proved.

Osericana albistella.

Osericana albistella, Walker, xxxiv. 1214 (1865).

Pinacia pupilialis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxviii. p. 7, pl. i. fig. 7

(1885).

Hab. Sumatra.

Both types are from Sumatra. I have also a pair from

Nias. The fore wing of the male is much paler than that of

the female, the hind wing of both sexes very pale in colour.

Osericana albistella trypheropa, nov.

3 ¢. Both wings of a uniform purplish grey, the hind

wing perhaps a shade lighter in colour than the fore wing,

the pectinations of the long antennz more robust than in

albistella, the markings similar,

Expanse of wings, ¢ ?, 1,%5 inch.

Hab, Palawan, Philippines; 1 ¢,3 2.

Osericana albistella syntypistis, nov.

36 ¢. Uniformly smaller than either of the foregoing

forms ; the colour of the hind wing about the same as in

trypheropa, the colour of the fore wing very much darker ;

the abdomen with more greyish suffusion, the yellow anal

tuft entirely black on the upperside ; in the other two forms

there are only a few blackish hairs.

Expanse of wings, ¢@ 17g, 2 1)5%-1)% inch.

Hab. Lawang, EB. Java; 1 o,4 2.

Simplicia schaldusalis.

Bocana schaldusalis, Walker, xvi. 180 (1858).

Culicula himarginata, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. p. 178 (1865).

Simplicia infausta, Felder, Reise Nov., Lep. pl. exx. tig. 45 (1873).

Nabartha marginata, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 234, pl. clxxvii. fig. 2

(1885).

Simplicta griseolimbalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. xxix. p. 47, pl. ii. fig. 4

(1886).

Hab. Walker’s and Felder’s types are from Sarawak,

Borneo, Moore’s from Ceylon, and Snellen’s from Sumatra.

It appears to be a very widely spread form; I have it also

from the Solomons and from Obi Island in the Moluccas,

and without examining the genitalia [ can find no difference

between them.

342. On new Specivs of Indc-Mulayan Lepidoptera.

Family Pyraustide.

MarGAroniin a.

Margaronia alboscapulalis, nov.

Glyphodes alboscapulatis, Kenrick, MS.

¢ 2. Upperside: head and shoulders black ; a white spot

on the collar; body black, a short tuft of white hairs on each

side from the base of the thorax: fore wings black ; a white

spot below the costa a little before its middle ; a large, oval,

discal white patch as in MW. doleschali, Lederer: hind wings

white, with a broad black band, narrowest on the costa, very

broad at the apex, narrowing somewhat hindwards to the

anal angle. Underside: palpi and body white ; abdomen of

the male with some black marks, anal tuft black, of the

female with the lower half black ; legs white.

Expanse of wings, 3 2, 1;4-1,4 inch.

Hab, Ekeiki, Mt. Kebea, Brit. Cent. N. Guinea.

A fine series of both sexes, allied to M. doleschal’, Lederer,

but is easily distinguishable by its white hind wings, dole-

schali having black hind wings, with a very large, almost

round, white spot.

SYLEPTINZ.

Sylepta zarialis, nov.

gd. Cream-coloured, almost pure white, but not shining ;

palpi chocolate-brown above: fore wing with the costa pale

chocolate, outer marginal fine line, and a little apical suffusion

of the same colour very pale: hind wing with the outer

marginal line very faintly touched with the same tint of

colour; otherwise the head, body, wings above and below,

and the legs without any markings.

Expanse of wings, g, 1 inch.

Hab. Dinawa, 4000', Brit. N. Guinea.

PYRAUSTINZ.

Aphytoceros subflavalis, nov.

3. Pale yellow ; head and body without markings ; abdo-

men with the anal tuft black ; a small brush of yellow hairs

in its middle. Wings above uniform pale yellow, markings

pale chocolate-brown : fore wing with two outwardly oblique

sinuous lines, two more antemedial, more close together ; a dot

in the cell, two short lines from the costa across the end of the

cell, curved towards each other, with a darker line between

On the Lemurs of the Hapalemur Group. 343

them; two more or less sinuous lines from the inner end of

the above, straight to the hinder margin, slightly more sepa-

rated hindwards ; two postmedial lines from the costa to a

little below vein 2, somewhat separated from each other at

the costa, connected near its end by a thin sinuous line with

the lower end of the discoidal lines, and four small rings

attached to the outer half of these two lines ; some marginal

spots and a little suffusion below the middle of the space

between: hind wing with a dark lunular line at the end of

the cell ; two lines from the middle of the costa extending

hindwards towards the ‘anal angle, the lines anastomosing

halfway down ; a sinuous line from the costa near the « apex

to the anal angle, where it somewhat thickens ; some suffusion

at the apex of ihe wing; both wings with dak marginal line

and yellow cilia, interlined by a pale brown line. Underside

pale glistening yellowish white, the markings of the upperside

more or less indicated. Body and legs yellow without any

markings.

Expanse of wings, ¢, 1,5 inch.

Hab. Arfak Mts. 4 6000), 'N. New Guinea.

Not unlike a very large "Margaronia ceesalis, Walker.

XXXI.—The ania ar the Hapalemur Group.

By ht. I. Pocock, F.R.S.

On Hapalemur and Prolemur.

Tw addition to the skeleton and skull of the Hapalemur simus

described by Beddard (P. Z. 8. 1901, pp. 121-129), the

Zoological NSociety’s eolation contains the following ma-

terials. of Flapalemur, all the specimens being labelled

H. griseus, Madagascar, without nearer locality :—

1. The skull of an adult but small specimen, without

history of any kind.

2. The skin of a small, probably immature, male specimen

which was received in Nov. 1837, and has never been

described.

3. The skin of the adult male described by Beddard

(P. Z. 8S. 1884, pp. 391-399), and later by Bland

Sutton (P. Z. 8. 1887, p. 369).

4. The skin and skull of an adult male dated June 9th,

1903, to Sept. 17th, 1904, which like no, 2, has never

been described.

344 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

This paper is based primarily upon an examination of these

examples.

The two species above named have quite an extensive

literature. Skulls assigned to H. griseus have been figured

on several occasions. ‘l'o these and to the specimens in the

Society’s collection I shall revert later.

Good figures of the skull of HZ. stmus have been published,

notably by Gray (P. Z. 8. 1870, pp. 829-830, figs. 1-4), by

Jentink (Notes Leyd. Mus. vil. 1885, p. 33), by Milne-

Edwards and Grandidier (Hist. Nat. Madag. Mamm., Atlas

ii. pls. exxii. G & H, 1890-1896), and by Elliot (Mon.

Primates, i. pl. xvii., 1912); and it may be noted that these

figures attest no structural variations of moment, suggesting

that more than one form has been described under the name

simus. As I shall presently attempt to show, this is not the

case with skulls ascribed to ZZ. griseus.

The generic name Hapalemur, proposed in 1851 by

I. Geoffroy for the species then known as Lemur griseus,

met with universal and unchallenged acceptance until 1912,

when Eliiot, misled by a superficial inspection of the text,

substituted Jdioxicebus—emended to Myowicebus—on the

alleged, but entirely erroneous, grounds that Lesson in 1840

had given the latter title to the type-species of Hapalemur.

It is quite true that the first species cited under Mowxicebus

was named griseus ; but it is equally and obviously true that

the diagnoses, both generic and specific, of Mioaicebus griseus

have no applicability to Hapalemur griseus. On the contrary,

they fit tolerably closely the species for which they were

intended, namely, Chircgaleus major, then known as mili.

It is possible that Lesson had at the time a specimen of a

different but closely allied species of Chirogaleus before him ;

but until evidence on that head is forthcoming M/voaicebus

griseus must stand as a synonym of Chirogaleus major.

Hapalemur consequently resumes its former place in litera-

ture.

* Another unnecessary change introduced by Elliot into the nomen-

clature of lemurs is the substitution of the new name Altiéidemur for

Opolemur on the alleged grounds that Gray applied the latter generic

term to Chirogaleus milii. That is an incorrect interpretation of the

facts. Opolemur (P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 853-854) was proposed by Gray for

a species represented in the British Museum by specimens which he

wrongly identified as Chirogaleus milii. That his identification was

erroneous is shown by the diagnosis and figures. The characters, stated

and illustrated, of his Opolemur do not fit Chirogaleus; hence the former

cannot be a synonym of the latter, as Elliot asserted, and Opolemur must

be restored to use, if the genus it designates is maintainable, with Altii-

lemur as its synonym.

Lemurs. of the Hapalemur Group. 345.

So far as I am aware, the only other name which can come

generically into the little group of lemuroid species exemplified.

by griseus of I. Geoffroy is Prolemur, which was used by

Gray first in a subgeneric, then in a generic, sense for the

species he described as simus. It appears to me that full

generic rank should be assigned to this form. The characters

upon which this opinion is based have been either figured or

described by previous authors—notably by Gray, Beddard,

Milne-Edwards, Grandidier, and Elliot,;—who, however, did

not attach so much importance as I do to the differences

between griseus and simus where they were appreciated *,

These differences appear to me to be of considerably greater

systematic value than those which distinguish such genera

as Chirogaleus and Microcebus, for instance.

To our knowledge of Prolemur simus I have nothing to

add. In the subjoined comparative diagnoses of Hapalemur

and Prolemur IT have merely made use of characters in Pro-

lemur which have been stated by others or are apparent in

their published figures.

Hapalemur, Geoff.

Type, griseus, I. Geoffr.

Gland on forearm present in

both sexes,

Nasals long, extending back be-

yond lacrymal foramina.

Interorbital constriction not ex-

ceeding half the width of the post-

orbital constriction.

Mesoptery goid fossa much longer

than its greatest width in front.

Width across paroccipital pro-

cesses at most a little greater than

leneth of nasals. ;

Malar orifice large, set back be-

hind middle of orbit.

Symphysis of mandible strongly

eurved, chin rounded,

Ramus of mandible

everted behind dental line.

Upper pm? much lower than

canine, a little higher than pm? ;

pm and pm? unlike in size and

slightly

Prolemur, Gray.

Type, stmus, Gray.

Gland on forearm present in

neither sex.

Nasals short, not extending back

to level of lacrymal foramina.

Interorbital constriction con-

siderably more than half the width

of the postorbital constriction,

Mesopterygoid fossa shorter than

its greatest width in front.

Width across paroccipital pro-

cesses much greater than length of

nasals,

Malar orifice small, set forwards

nearly in line with middle of orbit.

Symphysis of mandible not

strongly curved, chin flattish.

Ramus of mandible strongly

everted behind dental line.

Upper pm' slightly lower than

canine, much higher than pm’;

pm? and pm? approximately alike

* Guay’s opinion, for example, that the species described by Schlegel

as Hapalemur griseus was the same as his 1. simus attests failure in this

respect on his part ; and Beddard, when he suggested that Mivart had

identified stmus as griseus, must haye overlooked that author’s description

of the teeth.

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix.

346

Hapalemur, Geoffr.

form ; pm® molariform, with quad-

rate inner lobe; m and m? with

simple cingulum, without accessory

cusp; no trace of groove on the

inner cusp of these teeth behind,

Legs shorter; skull about six-

sevenths the length of the femur *.

Mr. R. I. Pocock on dpe

Prolemur, Gray.

in size and form; pm® not molari-

form, with rounded inner lobe;

m' aud m? with bilobate cingulum,

the posterior lobe cuspidate; the

main inner cusp of these teeth

grooved posteriorly.

Legs longer; skull about two-

thirds the length of the femur.

On the Species of Hapalemur.

When Hapalemur was instituted two species were assigned

to it by Geoffroy—namely, griseus and olivaceus. The latter

was said to differ from the former in colour and in the shape

of the lower jaw. Most subsequent authors have concurred

in the specific identity of the two, and Milne-Edwards and

Grandidier, who had access to Geoffroy’s specimens, called

olivaceus a variety of griseus; and their coloured figures show

that griseus is lighter in tint than olivaceus. Elliot, however,

admitted the two species because of the difference in colour

and the larger size of the skull in o/ivaceus. The inference to

be drawn from the literature, whether rightly or wrongly, is

that the two forms may represent distinct subspecies, or

possibly species, but that in any case they are closely related

and exhibit few, if any, constant cranial differences except of

size.

The three skins in the Zoological Society’s collection are

decidedly dark in tint, and may be described as dusky brown,

the hairs being dark bluish grey annulated with rusty brown

towards the tips. On the crown of the head the rusty brown

is more in evidence, but round the eyes and on the cheeks

it is less obvious. ‘The underside is lighter than the upper.

In the small specimen, received in 1887, the belly and thighs

inside are bright buff, the throat grey. In the two others

the throat is darker and the belly dark grey washed with

brown. Provisionally I regard these skins as belonging to

one and the same species and race, and the colouring enforces

* Judging from M.-Edwards’s figures of the skeletons of H. griseus

and P. simus. For instance, in H. griseus the skull measures 73 mm.

and the femur 90; in P. stmus the skull is 81 mm. and the femur 120.

In the Zoological Society’s specimen of P. simus the femur is actually

a little longer, being 122 mm. to the head, whereas the skull is shorter,

namely, 75mm. The skeleton, however, is that of an immature speci-

men, with the last molar teeth still buried in the bone, as Beddard’s

figure indicates. Probably the skull would have increased in length

proportionately much more than the femur.

Unfortunately the leg-measurements of H. schlegeli are unknown.

Hence the character above stated can only be used provisionally in a

generic sense.

Lemurs of the Hapalemur Group. 347

the conclusion that they are the olivaceus-form of griseus, and

not typical grzseus. This conclnsionis borne out by the skull

of the example received on 9. 6. 03, which is a little larger

than the skull of griseus figured by Milne-Edwards and

Grandidier. It also has the muzzle less steeply inclined, the

posterior half of the zygomatic arch a little more arcuate, and

the glenoid a little lower with reference to the dental line.

I have not sufficient material to judge of the systematic value

of these differences. Otherwise the two skulls are very much

alike ; and it is possible that M.-Edwards’s illustration, as

suggested below, was taken from an example of what he

called the olivaceus variety of griseus.

I stated above that skulls of specimens assigned to JHapa-

demur griseus have been figured on several occasions; and

the figures indicate confusion of more than one form under

that name. For instance, if the figure of the skull published

by Schlegel be compared with that published by Milne-

Edwards and Grandidier, it will be seen that the differences

between them fall quite outside the limit of individual varia-

tion exemplified by Prolemur simus or by any single species

of the Lemuride known to me. Gray, indeed, declared that

Schlegel had drawn the skull of an example of Prolemur simus

in mistake for Hapalemur griseus. With this opinion

Beddard was disposed to agree, and Jentink tried to account

for the error of this view by explaining that Schlegel’s

illustration was inaccurate, apparently because it did not

agree with the skulls that he possessed. Doubtless it did

not; but in my opinion Schilegel’s figure was exact in all

essential points, seeing that it agrees singularly closely with

the adult skull in the Society’s collection mentioned first on

my list in the opening paragraph of this paper.

Similarly, the skull of the specimen that lived in the Gardens

from June 1903 to Sept. 1904 agrees in the main, though not

so closely as in the other case, with the skull of LZ. griseus

figured by Milne-Edwards and Grandidier. Since these

French authors had access to Geoftroy’s type of griseus, it

must be assumed that the example they identified as griseus

belonged to that form or to olivaceus, which was regarded as

the same, and that Schlegel’s example was wrongly referred

to griseus. Confirmation of this conclusion was supplied by

Elliot, who also saw the specimens in the Paris Museum, and

remarked in connection with Schlegel’s illustration :-—* This

figure is badly drawn, or does not represent the skull of

H. griseus. It is altogether too broad, especially the muzzle.”

From this passage it seems that Llliot was not prepared

altogether to accept Jentink’s verdict as to the inaccuracy of

Z3*

348 Mr. R. I. Pocock on ‘the

Schlegel’s figure, and that the possibility of another species

being concerned dawned upon him. Nevertheless, the short-

ness of the muzzle misled him apparently in the matter of its

apparent superior width.

Both the literature, therefore, and the skulls in my

possession attest the existence of two well-marked species of

/lapalemur—one exemplified by the small skull above referred

to, which probably belongs to the form Schlegel identified as

H, griseus, the other being the true griseus of Geoffroy, which

has been well figured by Milne-Hdwards and Grandidier.

‘The former species I propose to describe as new, taking the

skull in the Zoological Society’s collection as the type. Since

the only other skull I have at hand is that of the specimen

determined, for reasons already stated, as olivaceus, I have

diagnosed the new species with special reference to olivaceus

rather than to griseus, although the differences between it and

Milne-Edwards’s figure of the skull of griseus are almost as

well marked. .

Hlapalemur schlegeli, sp. n.

¢ Hapalemur griseus, Schlegel, in Pollen & Van Dam, Rech. Faune de

Madag., Mamm. et Ois. p. 6, pl. vii. figs. 4 a-d (skull). Nec H. gri-

seus, 1s, Geoff.

Skull (type) considerably shorter but relatively broader,

higher, and more arched antero-posteriorly along its upper

profile, and less hollowed between the postorbital processes,

than in #., olivaceus, the orbits relatively larger, with the

inferior edge much more salient, giving a strongly sinuous

curvature to the outline of the malar arch, and causing a

deeper groove along the outer surface of its suborbital

portion ; the upper surface of the muzzle more depressed and

curved, the upper portion of the maxilla compressed along

the nasal suture, the lateral edge of the anterior nares emar-

ginate in profile view, this orifice slightly higher than wide,

compressed above. In H. olivaceus the muzzle and anterior

nares are not compressed above and the latter orifice is slightly

wider than high. The zygomatic arch and postorbital bar

are relatively stouter than in olivaceus ; the mastoid is inflated,

reducing the paroccipital process, and the upper edge of the

zygoma is not continued as a crest back to the occiput as it

is in H, olivaceus, where the mastoid is not inflated but flat,

leaving the paroccipital processes salient. The basicranial

axis is more steeply inclined, so that the bull and occipital

condyles are set considerably lower with reference to the

alveolar border of the maxilla than in olivaceus *.

* This difference is not so marked between the skulls of H. schlegeli

and H, griseus, judging from M,-Edwards’s figure of the latter.

Lemurs of the Hapalemur Group. 349

Teeth of H. schlegeli shorter and narrower.

The typical skull of A. schlegeli has fully erupted and

complete dentition and the sutures nearly obliterated. The

obliteration, however, has not extended to quite the same

extent as in the skull referred to . ol’vaceus. Nor is there

in the skull of A. schlegeld a median sagittal ridge on the

parietal region. ‘The low temporal crests are merely con-

fluent near the middle of the parietals. ‘The difference in this

respect may be due to difference of age ; but this is uncertain.

* When the two skulls are placed side by side on a flat surface

they are practically the same height, despite the considerable

disparity in length.

The differences in the shape and the dimensions of various

parts of the skulls may be appreciated from the subjoined

table of measurements of the type of schlegeli and of my skull

referred to olivaceus. In the third column are given the

dimensions taken from the figures of the skull named griseus

by M.-Edwards :—

| schlegelt. | olivaceus.| griseus. |

| | mm. mm. mm,

pS HOHL Aer GRg OYyiat i tidhe wane tian cia hy veka + OR 64 | 60

Length of palate along middle line ....) 25 Bl 29

Length from post. edge of postorb. bar

EOP AOE MME rn hora aise ws egal Hes | 36 a mats yf

Length from post. edge of orbit to

Facrymeal TOr@Met |. /0% hes als & oss 19 19 19

PSA etPL OE OF DUG stets les yd «54s we was 14 14 14

Height from alveolar border to lower

RTE CE IEE alata sere arwratie y batt Coss | 9 12 10°5 |

PNVsid cle ORCraniG nn 5: ban a's es te mae 0 bl 33 Ce

Width of postorbital constriction ...... 23 19 LSet

Width of interorbital constriction...... 8 10 10

Width across zygomata (postorbital) .. 44 A bh ee

[> WV deltas AeNOSS ORBUGA cei e's Sta 218 a6 fs 39 BO ce hs AG

| Width of muzzle above canines........ 14 17 LGAs 4

Length of mandible from condyle.......; 41 . 62 48

| Width of upper pm®.........5.. rsh Fae 4-5 55 Os}

Skulls assigned to H. griseus have also been figured by

Jentink (Notes Leyden Mus. vii. pls. 1. & 11. figs. 3-4, 1885)

and by van der Hoeven (Tijds. Nat. Geschied. 1844, pl. i.

fig. 1); but in both cases there are discrepancies in the

dimensions of the superior and lateral views which make it

impossible to tabulate the measurements. Tor instance, in

the case of Jentink’s specimen the superior view of the skull is

65.mm., the lateral view 62°5, whereas the lateral view of the

mandible from the condyle is 44 and the superior view 40,

350 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

In Hoeven’s figure the superior view of the cranium is 59,

the lateral viewis 63. It may be noted that in M.-Edwards’s

fivure of the skull of griseus the measurements coincide, as

should be the case, both from the lateral and superior aspects.

Turning to Jentink’s text, we find it stated that sixteen

adult skulls measured 61 mm. in total length and 42 in width

across the zygomata. They are thus considerably smaller

than the skull of griseus on by M.-Edwards, which is

73 mm. long and 48 broad, while my olivaceus is 76 mm.

long and 49 broad. Clearly, therefore, Jentink’s skulls were

considerably smaller than the one depicted by Milne-Edwards

and than the one I have described as oltvaceus. ‘This suggests

the possibility of Milne-Edwards having described a skull of

olivaceus as griseus, a course he might very well have adopted,

seeing that he reg: arded ulivaceus merely as a variety of griseus.

Avain, if the specimen figured by Jentink be a true ‘sample

of the sixteen he had for examination, they all differ from my

olivaceus and Milne-Hdwards’s griseus in having a very much

thinner postorbital bar. "Chis, however, like the smaller size,

may be a matter of age. Moreover, it will be noticed that

the temporal crests are subparallel, showing scarcely any sign

of convergence as far back even as the interparietal region,

whereas in my ol’vaceus and M.-Edwards’s griseus these ridges.

coalesce and form a fairly strong sagittal crest over the

middle line of the parietal region.

But, whether Jentink’s skulls represent a form distinct

from M.-Edwards’s griseus, or are merely less well-developed

individuals of the same species, it is quite clear they are not

referable to the same form as the one f have named schlegel/.

They are too long and narrow, have very slender postorbital

bars, and the frontal bones are depressed as in my skull of

olivaceus.

There is no occasion to publish a figure of the type-skull

of H. schlegeli, since it is in almost punetilious agreement

with Schlegel’s illustration, which shows the inflation of the

mastoid, the sinuous curvature and suborbital salienee of the

malar arch, the thickness of the postorbital bar, the large

orbits, the cranial width, the curvature of the upper profile,

the shortness of the muzzle, ete. One rather marked difference

in the tip of the muzzle may be explained, I suspect, by the

cutting away of this part of the skull in Schlegel’s example

when it was removed trom the skin. The incisor teeth are

missing, as others have remarked, and this defect suggests

that a portion of the premaxilla may have been cut away.

If so, the ends of the nasals may have been truncated at the

same time. ‘This, however, is merely a suggestion. In the

Lemurs of the Hapalemur Group. 351

type-specimen also the angle of the mandible is less rounded

and the upper end of the coronoid is thinner, longer, and less

curved than shown in Schlegel’s figure.

The specimen described by Schlegel as H. griseus was

discovered by Pollen at Ambassuana, three days’ journey

from the north-west coast of Madagascar. If, as I suspect,

the type of H. schlegeli belongs to the same species, it

probably came from the north-west coast of Madagascar,

possibly also from Ambassuana.

The Arm-glands of Hapalemur.

The presence of glands on the forearm in Hapalemur

griseus—or, rather, olivaceus, for such one of the specimens

proves to be—was first pointed out by Beddard, who also

ascertained, from Jentink and Milne-Edwards, that no such

glands are developed in Prolemur stmus. ‘This character

alone is sufficient, in my opinion, for generic separation of

the two species.

In the two male specimens of LZ. olivaceus* in which he

described the glands, he pointed out that the naked tract of

skin above the wrist was covered with long and coarse

papille ; but, judging from his figures, the papillae were much

better developed in the first specimen examined than in the

second.

In the two other skins in the Society’s collection, which

Beddard did not see—namely, the small one received Nov. 10,

1887, and the adult received June 9th, 1903,—the gland

differs in that the tract of integument is comparatively

smooth, being merely roughened, so far as can be judged on

the dried skin, with fine granular papilla.

With regard to the glands on the upper arm, regarded by

Beddard (but, I think, wrongly) as mammee, I can find no trace

of them in the small and presumably immature skin ; and in

the adult skin with the glandular tract of the forearm nearly

smooth they are less well developed than in the specimen in

which-they were first detected—namely, the one with the

glandular area of the forearm exceedingly coarsely papillate.

I do not think any special importance should be attached

to these differences, because in Lemur catta, which possesses

similar glands, the spur on the glandular tract of the forearm,

which may be compared to the papilla in Hapalemur, varies

* T have the dried skin of the example described by Beddard in 1884.

Of the second specimen described in P. Z. S. 1891, p. 449, and 1902,

p- 159, no history was given, and the skin was not preserved. Probably

it was olivaceus,

359 Mr) 0. Thomas—2 Some eles

in development with age, being larger in older specimens,

and the gland of the upper arm is, I believe, subject to

seasonal clianges in size.

The occurrence of similar glands in two such widely

different species as Lemur catta aud Hapalemur griseus, and

their complete absence in the other species referred to Lemur

and in Prolemur simus, is a remarkable fact.

XXXII.—Some Notes on Three-toed Sloths.

By OLpFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

To those whose interest it is to compare zoological characters

in their relation to geographical distribution no group of

Mammals is so unattractive as the sloths, on account (1) of

their variability, especially in the skull, in specimens from

the same place, (2) the slight and intangible characters that

distinguish specimens from the most distant localities, and

(3) the great state of confusion that has resulted from the

descriptive efforts of Wagler, Gray, and Fitzinger. Early

descriptions, without statements of locality, have been made

the basis of various names, and it is a matter of the greatest

difficulty to disentangle the confusion.

The present notes make no pretence of being complete, and

are purposely worded somewhat vaguely, as such are the

difficulties of the case that there is hardly a statement J can

make which may not prove liable to modification as fuller

series from all localities are studied.

Firstly, with regard to genera, I am disposed to recognize

the collared sloth, Bradypus torquatus, D.smarest, 1817 (not

Llliger, as usually quoted, for the latter author’s two refer-

ences are both nomina nuda), as forming a special genus,

which may be distinguished by the inflated pterygoids, better

developed premaxille, the median spout-like projection on

the mandible, and the absence of a dorsal gland or “ speculum ”

in the male*, all these characters being asin Cholapus. The

generic name of Sewopus, Peters, is available for it.

* T can by no means subscribe to Dr. Allen’s conclusion (Bull. Am,

Mus. xx. p. 339, 1904) that “the presence or absence of this highly

differentiated patch is not sexual ’’—a conclusion based on what I must

cousider the incorrect sexing of certain “ females” by one of his collectors,

Not only has it long been generally accepted that the speculum is charac-

teristic of the male, but I find that in every specimen without speculum

in our collection mamme are to be found, while in no example with

speculum is there any trace of them. With so large a collection, in-

cluding so many different forms, this evidence appears to me conclusive.

on Three-toed Sloths. 353

Synonyms of Scwopus torquatus are crinitus, Gray, 1849

(ex Browne), and affinis, Gray, 1849. ‘The species is con-

fined to South-western Brazil, but -the limits of its range are

not known. Mr. A. Robert sent a nice series of it to the

British Museum from Engenheiro Reeve, Hspirito Santo, in

1903.

Passing now to true Bradypus, we find the question of the

identification of its type-species, tridaetylus, Linn., a question

so productive of confusion among the early writers, has now

been settled by the fixation as the typical locality of the latter

as Surinam *—so that the Guianan species should bear the

name tridactylus.

B. tridactylus is the best-marked of the species of the

genus, being readily recognizable by the extension of the

yellow colour of the face down the front of the neck—a

character to which no approach is shown by any other species.

Its skull is rather small and has generally a pair of peculiar

fosse or perforations in the floor (or, more strictly, the roof)

of the anterior part of the mesopterygoid fossa ; but, although

so striking in well-marked cases that a person might excusably

think it a character of generie value, this modification varies

in different skulls, and is sometimes practically absent. ‘The

teeth are of average proportional size, the pseudo-canine T

well differentiated, and the pseudo-incisor T small, usually

about a quarter the size in section of one of the molars.

Wagler (1831) was the first properly to distinguish this

species, to which he gave its current name of #. cuculliger,

while other synonyms of it are Acheus ai, Less.t (1827) ;

guianensis, Blainv. (1839), a name doubtfully valid techni-

cally ; gu/aris, Riipp. (1845); and eristatus, Temm., Fitz-

inger, 1871.

B. tridactylus ranges over the whole of Guiana—French,

Dutch, and British,—and our collection contains a good series

of it, mostly presented by Mr. F. V. McConnell.

* See Thomas, P. Z. 8. 1911, p. 182.

+ These names are used respectively for the second and first upper

teeth, which, really corresponding to the anterior premolars of ordinary

Mammals, take on in the three-toed sloths something of the relative

proportions of a canine and an incisor. The three remaining teeth on

each side, acting as a premolar—-molar series, are subequal, smaller than

the pseudo-canine, larger than the pseudo-incisor.

¢ This name was given to the “ Bradypus tridactylus, L.,” of Des-

marest, which included all the forms of true Bradypus then known. It

seems best placed as a synonym of ¢77dactylus, especially as the animal is

said by Desmarest to be very common in Cayenne. For the Brazilian Ai

of Maregrav it would be the earliest name, but there would be difficulty

in justifying its use for that animal on techuical grounds,

354 Mr. O. Thomas—Some Notes

South of Guiana, from Para to Rio, and westwards up the

Amazon, there occur a very uniform series of forms which

may or may not be divisible into two or more species, but

which it is impossible at present to clear up without many

more sets of specimens. One locality only—Para—is well

represented, as M. Robert got a series there in 1904.

Throughout this area the sloths are rather larger than

B. tridactylus; the speculum is of normal size, as in that

species, and of a rather less dark yellow colour, the general

colour is brown mottled to a very variable extent with white,

and the band of yellow velvety hair which passes across the

forehead is usually about half an inch in breadth—say, 10-

15mm. The skull averages rather larger than that of tri-

dactylus, and has generally a much inflated frontal region.

The floor of the mesopterygoid fossa is usually flat, with or

without median septum, and without special perforations.

The teeth, although variable, are usually of what may be

called normal proportions, the pseudo-incisor smaller—gene-

rally much smaller—than the molars, and the pseudo-canine

decidedly larger than the latter.

‘he names for these sloths may be put in two groups—the

Amazonian and the 8.E. Brazilian—not that as yet I can see

any valid reason for distinguishing the two specifically, but

merely to help later workers.

(1) Amazonian: B. infuscatus, Wag]. 1831 (Brazil near

Peruvian boundary) ; brachydactylus, Wagn. 1855 (syn.

speculiger, Fitz. 1871) (Borba, Lower Madeira) ; proble-

maticus, Gray, 1849 (Para) ; unicolor, Fitz. 1871 (Para) ;

smithi?, Gray, 1869 (Para). .B. marmoratus, Gray, 1849

( Brazil’), seems also to belong here, judging by the type,

and, if the Upper Amazon tnfuscatus proves distinguishable,

would be the first name for the Lower Amazon form.

(2) S.E. Brazilian: B. ai, Wagl. 1831, nec Less. 1827

(R. Matheus, Espirito Santo) ; drasiliensis, Blainv.* 1839

(Rio Janeiro) ; pallidus, Wagn. 1843 (Rio Janeiro) ; blain-

villet, Gray, 1549 (Brazil) ; dorsalis, Fitz. 1871 (Pernam-

buco—based on Marcgrav).

Series from many localities are needed before these Bra-

zilian sloths can be properly worked out, the available speci-

imens—apart from M. Robert’s set from Para already mentioned

—consisting of isolated examples, often without any exact

locality at all.

Bradypus boliviensis, Gray, 1871 (type B.M. no. 46.7.28.24),

seems to be a valid species. Its speculum is of medium size,

* Put in valid form on p. 64 of the article on Bradypua,

on Three-teed Sloths. 355

rather dark-coloured. The hairs of its throat are tipped with

white, a point not seen in any other species, though probably

not of great constancy. Its skull is large and solidly built,

and the teeth are distinguished by the unusual character that

the pseudo-incisor is very large—as large as or even larger

than the pseudo-canine, which in turn is small, not exceeding

the posterior molars in transverse section. ‘These tooth-

characters are, however, not to be seen in Gray’s figure,

which seems to have been taken from a wrong specimen.

But that 46. 7.28.24 is the proper type there can be no

doubt, as its osteological number, 921. a, is quoted by Gray.

In Central America we have 2. castaneiceps, Gray, 1871,

of Nicaragua, and B. griseus, Gray, 1871, of Veragua, of

which we have no further material, and I ean add nothing to

Alston’s account of them except to note that Mr. Goldman

considers them really distinct, and adds to them a third

species—B. ignavus, from Panama and the Atrato River.

It is, however, certain that griseus and tgnavus at least are

very closely allied to B. flaccidus. It is also to be observed

that Dr. Allen has identified a sloth from Rio San Jorge,

Bolivar, Colombia, with Philippi’s B. ephippiger; and as an

example from Condoto, Choco, Colombia, presented by

Dr. Spurrell, agrees with Philippi’s figure in the great size

of the speculum, the breadth of the frontal band, the distri-

bution of the light and dark face-markings, and the size of

the teeth, I am disposed to accept Dr. Allen’s identification,

and put down ephippiger, which was described without exact

locality, as a native of N.W. Colombia, therefore in the same

region as “ B, ignavus” came from.

In any case, however, the relations to each other of

griseus, ignavus, ephippiger, and flaccidus clearly need much

further investigation.

B. flaccidus, Gray, 1849, has as type-locality Venezuela

(probably the region opposite Trinidad), and has as synonyms

dysont, Gray, 1869, and columbicus, Fitz., 1871.

But by what characters it can be positively distinguished

from the Brazilian forms I have not sufficient good material

to be certain.

From Ecuador the Museum contains, firstly, a set of five

adults and two young from Sarayacu on the Upper Pastasa

River, and, secondly, an adult from the Balzar Mts., Guayas

district, W. Ecuador. ‘These appear to me to represent twa

turms tor which no names are available. The first may be

called

356 Some Notes on Three-toed Sloths.

Bradypus macrodon, sp. n.

Most nearly allied to B. infuscatus, but the teeth heavier.

General colour pale brown, the white marbling of the

posterior back generally extensive, with a well-marked brown

median line, but in one specimen there is scarcely any white,

and in another but little. Face and chin brown, the light

frontal band narrow, about half an inch (say, 10-15 mm.) in

breadth, whitish rather than yellow in most of the specimens.

Hairs on crown overhanging the frontal band rather darker

than those on the body generally. Speculum of medium

size, 24 inches long in the type, paler yellow than in most

other species, its median black band broad. Limbs freely

marbled with white.

Skull much as in B. infuscatus, the forehead rather less

convex than usual. Nasals, as usual, quite variable in shape

and length, some convex and some concave anteriorly. Inter-

parietal also extremely variable, its antero-posterior diameter

in the type 15 mm., and in another specimen 7 mm. Meso-

pterygoid fossa widely open, its Hoor smooth and flat, or with

a slightly raised median ridge, but without deep pits or exca-

vations.

Teeth very large, much heavier than in ¢nfuscatus.

Pseudo-incisor very large, oval in transverse section, the

longest diameter pretty well equalling that of the molars,

4-3 mm. in the type, 5 mm. in another specimen. Pseudo-

canine similarly very large and heavy, its greatest diameter

about 6°2 mm., far exceeding the molars in bulk. Molars

rarely less than about 5 mm. in greatest diameter.

Skull-dimensions of type :—

Naso-occipital length 78°5 mm. ; condylo-basal length 78°3 ;

greatest breadth (on squamosal) 56 ; nasals, length 12:5,

least breadth 12°3; interorbital breadth 25°5; palate length

from gnathion 29; postpalatal length 43; tooth-series 29 ;

breadth between outer sides of pseudo-canines 22°6.

Hab. Sarayacu, Upper Pastasa River, Oriente of Ecuador.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 80.5.6.56*. Collected by

Clarence Buckley. Seven specimens examined,

This species is no doubt most nearly allied, as is natural, to

B. infuscatus, but differs by the materially larger size of the

teeth. Even in this character, however, one specimen fails ,

(skull no. 80. 5. 6.59); but among sloths such variations

must be expected.

* The skulls were not individually allocated to the skins when they

came, but I think there is little doubt as to the reference to each other

of the type-skin and skull.

Geological Society. 357

Bradypus violeta, sp. n.

Aliied to B. macrodon, but distinguished from that, as from

every other sloth, by the great extent of the yellowish velvety

hair of the face, which extends upwards on the crown to the

level of the ears nearly 60mm. fromits anterior commencement ;

the hairs of the cheeks as far as the ears also of the same

colour and quality. Sides of throat likewise inclining to

yellowish, in continuity with the cheeks, but the chin dark

brown as usual, and the dark eye-streak also present. Nape,

shoulders, and middle line at withers brown, the rest of the

back nearly wholly white, as are also the hind limbs. Fore

limbs brown, marbled proximally with white. Under surface

dark brown anteriorly, whitish brown posteriorly. Speculum

uot known, the only specimen being a female.

~ Skull like that of B. macrodon, the forehead a little more

swollen. Teeth of similar size and proportions.

Skull-measurements of type :—

Naso-occipital length 72 mm.; greatest breadth (on juga!)

49°5; nasals, length 14, least breadth 12°3; interorbital

breadth 24; palate length from gnathion 28-5 ; tooth-series

27:2; breadth between outer corners of pseudo-canines 20 ;

greatest diameter of pseudo-incisor 4, pseudo-canine 6, second

molar 4°8.

‘Hab. Balzar Mountains, Guayas, W. Ecuador.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 80.5.6. 83. Collected by

Mr. Illingworth.

Characterized by its nearly wholly velvet-clothed face.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

January 24th, 1917.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

Mr. Scoresby Rovurieper, M.A., gave an account of Easter

Island. He-said that the Expedition, that he had had the

honour to command, was organized with the object of carrying

out a long-standing wish of various bodies interested in anthro-

pology. This wish was that Easter Island, and other islands most

near to it, though far distant from it, should be thoroughly

examined, and that all information and material thereon found

should be carefully considered on the spot, or, if possible, be brought

back for comparative study.

This programme necessitated a vessel being specially designed,

built, and equipped for the purpose. A schooner with auxiliary

motor power, the ‘Mana,’ of 90 tons gross register, 78 feet

Lal

358 Geological Society.

on the water-line, 20 feet beam, and drawing 10°5 feet aft,

was accordingly completed by the end of 1912, and she sailed

from Southampton in February 1918 with a company of twelve

all told, of whom four formed the scientific staff. After the

longest voyage ever made by a yacht under canvas, she sailed

into Southampton again in June 1916, without having experienced

accident to man or material.

The course taken was through the Magellan Straits, and thence

through the labyrinth of Andean waterways that stretch north

therefrom, and are known as the Patagonian Channels.

On reaching Juan Fernandez Island, the ‘Mana’ had to put

back to Valparaiso because the geologist of the Expedition, the

late Mr. F. L. Corry, had contracted typhoid fever on the Chilean

coast. Mr. Corry never recovered sufficiently to allow him to

rejoin the Expedition. Hence no formal geological report on

the island could be submitted to the Meeting. It was thought

best, therefore, to endeavour to convey the conditions existent on

Easter Island by means of a series of panoramic and other photo-

graphs, specially taken to illustrate geological features. As these

very largely consist of coast-sections, the opportunity was taken to

show, and explain, other pictures that were closely associated with

them. Such were the ruins of the village called Orongo, consisting

of peculiar canoe-shaped houses built of imbricated slabs of shale,

with the roof convex, both longitudinally and transversely, on its

exterior aspect, and covered with earth. They are romantically

situated on the rim of the voleano of Rano Kao, with an almost

sheer drop of 900 feet into the sea, or of 600 feet into the crater-

lake. At Orongo, too, are found certain large rocks, carved with

the symbol of a bird-headed man, holding in its hand an egg. A

cult, based on annually obtaining the first-laid egg of a certain

migratory sea-bird, was thus gradually brought to light, and appears

to be a unique form. A brief outline only could be given of

some of the knowledge obtained concerning the peculiar routine

associated with seeking, and taking, the sacred egg, and of the part

which it occupied in the former religious life of the island.

Proceeding along the coast, typical examples of the great terraces,

and their giant stone figures, were shown, and their leading cha-

racteristics discussed. A submarine freshwater spring, near the

great image-terrace of Tongariki, and opposite certain typical

lava-formed caves, gave occasion to the lecturer to explain how

had arisen the longstanding, and world-wide spread report, that

man and beast on Easter Island habitually drink sea-water, in the

place of fresh.

The old voleano of Rano Raraku, the centre of the former

religious life of the island, was then described. A series of

panoramic pictures, preceded by an accurate survey made by

Lieut. R. D. Ritchie, R.N., the Cartographer of the Expedition,

showed a crater-lake surrounded by a rim of tuff which rises to a

height of 540 feet above the surrounding plain. The plain is

undulating in surface, formed superficially of hard, dense, but

nevertheless vesicular, lava, and it rests on compact non-columnar

Geological Society. 359

basalt. One section of this crater wall, some 600 yards long,

on both its interior and exterior aspects, was seen to be quarried

right up to the highest point. On the mountain-face, both inside

and out, large numbers of statues, in every state of completion,

were to be seen. The largest of these measured 68 feet in length..

Some of those excavated by the Expedition exhibited fine details,

such as the finger-nails, in perfect condition.

In conclusion, Easter Island might be described as a plateau of

basalt raised from 50 to 100 feet above the sea. Superimposed on

this were numerous cones ranging up to nearly 2000 feet. The

plateau was covered but sparsely with soil, and could only be

crossed with difficulty in any direct line. The cones, on the other

hand, were generally smooth of surface, with a good depth of soil.

Nevertheless the island is practically without trees, bushes, or

shrubs.

February 7th, 1917.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S.; President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Trias of New Zealand.’ By Charles Taylor Trechmann,

M.Sc., F.G.S.

The fossiliferous Triassic rocks of New Zealand have been wholly

or in part at different times attributed by the geologists of that

Dominion to a Devonian, Permian, Permo-Carboniferous, Lower,

Middle or Upper Triassic, or Trias-Jura age. A review of the

previous research on these rocks and of their correlation and nomen-

clature is given. They are quite distinct from the Matai rocks,

which contain a Permo-Carboniferous fauna.

Triassic beds appear at intervals from Kawhia on the western

coast of the North Island to Nugget Point on the south-eastern

coast of the South Island—a distance of 620 miles. Except in two

localities, they are everywhere very steeply inclined, and where they

approach the Alpine Chain of the South Island pass into semi-

metamorphic greywackes or completely metamorphic phyllites and

schists. They are of great thickness. A short description of the

special faunal, lithic, and tectonic features of each of the more

important localities is given, all of which but one occur in the

South Island. In the North Island only the Noric and Rhetic

horizons have been recognized. Wherever the sequence is preserved,

the Trias passes conformably up into Jurassic deposits.

The lowest fossiliferous horizon of the Trias occurs near the top

of a great thickness of greywackes and conglomerates called the

Kaihiku Series, and is separated by several hundred feet from

the next fossiliferous beds above it. The Kaihiku fossils are

scanty in species, and no cephalopods occur. Among those re-

stricted to this horizon is Daonella indica Bittner, which occurs

in Ladino-Carnic deposits in the Himalayas and in the Malay

Archipelago. Members or survivors of a Muschelkalk fauna

occur in the form of Spiriferine of the group of Spiriferina

fragilis Schlothem. It is concluded that the Kaihiku fossil

360 Geological Society.

horizon is either late Middle or early Upper Trias, and the great

unfossiliferous series below it represents the Middle and possibly

Lower Trias.

The most highly fossiliferous division is the Carnic—the Oreti

and Wairoa Series of New Zealand. geologists. Several am-

“monites occur, among which Discophyllites cf. ebneri Mojsisovics

is found in the Carnie and Lower Noric of the Himalayas.

The Halobie include H zitteli Lindstrém, a Spitsbergen fossil,

together with . hochstetteri Mojsisovics and H. austriaca

Mojsisovies. Several of the Carnie fossils show affinities with

European Alpine forms, and can be used for purposes of

correlation.

The Noric horizon, the Otapiri Series in part, is represented by

felspathic sandstones containing immense quantities of Pseudo-

monotis, a genus which characterizes the Noric in all the Cireum-

Pacific Trias. Ps. righmondiana Zittel is known only from New

Zealand and New (MR aonia: but the Author found the Asiatic,

Siberian, and Japanese form, Ps. ochotica Teller, in allits varieties,

in very high Noric beds near Nelson.

The Rhetic, the upper part of the Otapiri Series of local

geologists, comprises a great thickness of sandy and pebbly beds.

Its fossils include an extremely-alate Spiriferina and a group of

specialized bisuleate Spirigerids. An Arcestid of Rhetie aspect

was collected high up in these beds at Kawhia.

Forty-seven genera and species of molluses and brachiopods are

recorded in the present paper, of which three genera and forty-one

species are regarded as new.

The brachiopods are of considerable interest, and exhibit phylo-

gerontic tendencies in several of the groups as they approach

extinction.

The affinities of the New Zealand Trias with that of the Malay

Archipelago, and especially of New Caledonia, is discussed ; and it

is shown that the faunal transgression which occurred over those

regions, at or shortly before the commencement of Upper Triassic

times, extended also to the area now occupied by New Zealand.

2. ‘The Triassic Crinoids from New Zealand. collected by Mr. C.

T. Trechmann.’ By Francis Arthur Bather, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.,

F.GS.

The specimens are all from the Kaihiku Series, and comprise :—

(1) an Lntrochus from near Nelson, with a broadly waved suture ;

(2) axrock-fragment from the Hokanui hills, containing imprints

of columnals and brachials representing two genera : namely, (@) an

Entrochus with ridges of the joint-face arranged in pairs separated

by shorter ridges; (6) an Isocrinus of the group of I. dubius

(Goldfuss). Comparison of the three new species based on all these

remains with the Triassic crinoids described from Europe and

especially with those from North America, leads to the conclusion

that they are of Upper Triassic age. They bear, however, no

resemblance to the Upper Triassic crinoids from Timor, which the

Author has in hand for description. ~ ,

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XXXIII.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamilies

Hydrocampine, Scopariane, §c. By Sir Georce F.

Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

Tur numbers attached to the species in the following paper refer

to my classification of Hydrocampine and Scoparianz in the Trans.

Ent. Soc. 1897, pp. 127-240, and to subsequent supplementary

papers in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

E)PIPASCHIAN 2.

Genus PLUTOPASCHIA, nov.

Type, Stericta sinapis, Roths.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching E

to vertex of head, the 3rd rather long. Antenne of female mi-

nutely ciliated; tibiae smoothly scaled. Fore wing narrow, the

apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; vein 3 from before angle

of cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 coincident ;

11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 shortly stalked, 4

absent; 6, 7 from upper angle of cell, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Genus GEROPASCHTIA, 0. n.

Arzopaschia, Hmpsn, A. M. N. H. (8) xviii. p. 1384 (1916), nec Hmpsn,

1906.

Type, G. grisealis.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 8. Vol. xix, 24

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

CHRYSAUGINZ.

Murgisca mesozonalis, sp. n.

Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish ; patagia and abdomen

above tinged with rufous. Fore wing pale greenish yellow; a

silvery-white fascia on base of inner area bounded above by a rufous

line; a medial silvery-white band from upper angle of cell to inner

margin bounded by rufous and constricted at lower angle of cell

and vein 1. Hind wing ochreous yellow; cilia of both wings

silvery white.

Hab. W. Avustratta, Sherlock R. (Clements), 2 Q type, Roe-

bourne. xp. 22 mm.

PYRALINE.

Pyralis costinotalis, Hmpsn. A. M. N. H. (8) xix. p. 67 (1917).

Hab. Formosa, Arizan (Wileman), 2 5 type. Hap. 24 mm.

HTYDROCAMPINE.

(La) Gargela niphostola, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the last dorsally

suffused with red-brown except on two basal segments ; palpi with

the 2nd joint golden brown behind ; fore femora and tibiz suffused

with golden brown, the tarsi ringed with brown towards extremity ;

ventral surface of abdomen tinged with golden yellow. Fore wing

silvery white; a faint curved brownish postmedial line; a blackish

point on termen below apex. Hind wing uniform silvery white.

Underside silvery white; the fore wing with a black point on

termen below apex.

Hab. D’Enrrecasteavx Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 1 9 type.

Exp. 18 mm.

(6) Gargela obliquivitta, sp. n. :

Mid tibia of male dilated with a fold and tuft of long hair and

fringed with hair above.

Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white; antenne brown except

above; palpi behind, except the 3rd. joint, and base of maxillary palpi

dark brown; fore legs tinged with ochreous, the femora at extre-

mities, tibiz near extremities and tarsi banded with black-brown.

Fore wing silvery white ; a golden-orange medial line, oblique to

upper angle of cell, then inwardly oblique and faint; a golden-

yellow tinge from end of cell to medial part of termen ; an oblique

golden-orange line from costa well beyond middle, where itis dilated

into a small wedge-shaped mark to discal fold near termen, an

oblique golden-orange wedge-shaped mark beyond it from costa to

discal fold just before termen ; a cupreous-brown termiual line from

apex to discal fold, and a double cupreous-brown striga before termen

Pyralides of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 363

above vein 3; cilia white, metallic golden at tips, with cupreous-

brown line at base from vein 4 to submedian fold, and wholly tinged

with gold towards tornus. Hind wing uniform silvery white.

Hab. Mouvecas, Batchian (Doherty), 1 3,12 type. Hzp.

16 mm.

(56) Argyractis leucostola, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with small fovea below the costa beyond

middle and vein 11 distorted.

Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white; fore tibiz black at

ase and extremity. Fore wing silvery white, the costa suffused

with blackish brown to end of cell; a reddish-brown spot in end

of cell and oblique black-brown line from median nervure near end

of cell to inner margin, diffused on inner side; a brown discoidal

striga and oblique line from it to inner margin; postmedial line

double, black-brown filled in with yellow and oblique to vein 3,

then single, retracted with an upwards curve to lower angle of cell, |

then strongly excurved to inner margin, its sinus filled in with

yellow; a terminal yellow band, arising just below apex, its inner

side defined by a black-brown line to above vein 2 and its outer by

black points, a silvery spot defined by brown before termen below

vein 2. Hind wing silvery white; a sinuous black-brown line

from middle of costa’to tornus, with a yellow patch before it below

the cell; a double slightly sinuous black-brown line from costa just

before apex to submedian fold, excurved below costa and filled in

with yellow below vein 3; a yellow terminal band from apex to

submedian fold, defined on inner side by a waved black line except

at apex ; cilia with a brown line at base to vein 2.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 25, 5 2 type.

Exp., 3 18, 9 22 mm.

(18a) Argyractis flavivittalis, sp. n.

do. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish mixed with some red-

brown; antennz red-brown; fore tarsi with brown bands towards

extremities. Fore wing silvery white, the costal area suffused with

brown ; a brown antemedial line defined on outer side by white, ”

incurved from below costa; a medial brown line defined on outer

side by white, incurved below the cell; a small brown discoidal

spot; postmedial line silvery white, defined on inner side by brown

from costa to vein 4, then angled inwards to median nervure before

end of ceil, then oblique and defined on inner side by brown to

tornus, with a wedge-shaped yellow patch above it from lower angle

of cell to below its angle at vein 4; a silvery-white subterminal

line defined on each side by brown from costa to vein 2 and a small

brown spot with silvery-white mark before it below vein 2; cilia

brown at base, whitish at tips. Hind wing white, the end of cell and

the area beyond it from costa to vein 3 yellow ; a silvery discoidal bar

defined on inner side by a brown striga ; postmedial line silvery white

and oblique from -costa to vein 3; a terminal black patch #rom below

24:

364 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

apex to vein 2, with four ocelli on it with black centres defined ‘on

inner side by white and on outer by golden yellow; cilia white

with brown line near base from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Perv, San Domingo (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Hap. 14mm.

(20a) Argyractis cuprescens, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen cupreous red-brown mixed with

some white, the abdomen banded with white; frons white at sides.

Fore wing cupreous red-brown; a broad oblique silvery-white band

from median nervure before middle to inner margin near base; a

white medial line defined on each side by darker brown, excurved

below costa, then erect; an orange-yellow discoidal bar defined on

outer side bya brown line; postmedial line represented by a silvery-

white bar from costa connected with an oblique wedge-shaped patch

from beyond the cell to above vein 2 and an oblique band from

lower angle of cell to inner margin with an orange-yellow patch

between it and the wedge-shaped patch; a silvery-white band before

termen ending in a point at vein 2; an orange-yellow terminal band

defined at sides by brown lines, ending below submedian fold where

it is bent inwards; cilia brown at base, white at tips. Hind wing

silvery white ; some brown at base; a brown medial band, incurved

below the cell, with an orange-yellow discoidal pateh on it and some

orange-yellow below the cell; postmedial line cupreous brown,

oblique to beyond lower angle of cell, then incurved; an irregularly

reniform white subterminal patch defined by cupreous brown from

costa to vein 4; a black terminal band from apex to vein 2 with

five iridescent silvery annuli on it, defined on inner side by a white

line with a waved black-brown line before it and with some fulvous

yellow from it to tornus; cilia white, red-brown at base except

towards tornus.

Hab, Ecuapor, Rio Verde (Palmer), 1 9 type. Hxp. 18 mm.

(24a) Argyractis productalis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown mixed with whitish,

the abdomen with whitish bands on basal and 8rd segments; an-

tenn red-brown ; frons whitish ; ventral surface of abdomen white.

Fore wing red-brown mixed with white, the subterminal triangular

patch from costa to vein 2 deep red-brown ; a rather diffused white

antemedial band from below costa to inner margin; a white medial

band defined on outer side by brown, sharply bent inwards to inner

margin ; a white discoidal bar defined by red-brown ; a white post-

medial band, its outer edge oblique to vein 3, then retracted to near

lower angle of cell, then oblique to inner margin near tornus with

its inner edge defined by brown; a silvery-white subterminal band

from costa to below vein 2 where it ends in a point and is some- -

what bent inwards, a fulvous-yellow band beyond it defined at sides

by brown lines; cilia white, brown at base except towards tornus.

Hind wing white, the terminal area irrorated with black to vein 3;

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 365

a faint rather diffused yellow-brown medial line, oblique to below

the cell, then incurved; postmedial line indistinct, yellow-brown,

oblique to below vein 4, then inwardly oblique and sinuous; a black

point just below apex and four black spots defined on outer side by

silver before termen at veins 6 to 2 with a slight waved black line

before them and some brownish beyond them before the blackish

terminal line.

Hab. Peru, Carabaya, Oconeque (Ockenden), 1 2 type. Exp.

32 mm.

(24¢) Argyractis argyrophora, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax silvery white, the vertex of head and

dorsum of thorax with some rufous; abdomen silvery white irro-

rated with brown, the anal tuft rufous; palpi rufous, the extremity

of 2nd joint and the 8rd joint white; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the fore legs suffused with rufous and

with black band at the extremity of the tibiew. Fore wing silvery

white, the costal area suffused with rufous; a rufous antemedial

line, interrupted in submedian interspace ; a silvery-white discoidal

bar defined at sides by rufous; postmedial line rufous, oblique to

vein 4, then almost obsolete and retracted to median nervure before

end of cell, then strong and incurved, a silvery-white band beyond

it extending to costa; a wedge-shaped rufous patch from costa to

vein 4 before a white terminal band suffused with metallic silver

defined by fine blackish lines and forming a wedge-shaped mark at

tornus, the area above this mark suffused with yellow; cilia white.

Hind wing white; a fulvous-yellow discoidal bar defined on outer

side by a metallic silvery bar; an oblique postmedial metallic

silvery band, interrupted at vein 4 and ending on termen above

tornus, defined on inner side by a yellow band and with the area

beyond it yellow ; five partly confluent black spots on. termen with

some metallic silvery between them from below apex to vein 2 and

with some silver on termen from them to tornus ; cilia white with

a fine brown line near base from apex to vein 2.

Hab. CotomeBts, Choko Prov., Condoto (Spurrell), 5 2 type,

R. San Juan, Juntas de R. Tamana,1 9. Hep. 20 mm.

(25a) Argyractis brunneosuffusa, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some whitish;

abdomen fulvous brown with whitish segmental lines, the base with

some whitish ; palpi with the 8rd joint white; ventral surface of

abdomen red-brown with white segmental lines. Fore wing

whitish suffused with red-brown especially on costal area; a sub-

basal shade formed by black-brown scales; a curved whitish ante-

medial line defined by shades formed by dark brown scales in the

interspaces ; a slight white discoidal lunule defined by diffused

dark brown ; postmedial line white defined on inner side by rather

diffused dark brown, oblique to vein 6, incurved at discal fold, at

366 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

vein 3 retracted to just below angle of cell and excurved below

vein 2; a white subterminal band narrowing to points at apex and

vein 2, defined on inner side by diffused dark brown and on outer

by a yellow terminal band defined on each side by dark lines.

Hind wing white, the inner area tinged with red-brown ; an oblique

white band bey ond the cell from below costa to submedian fold,

defined on each side by red-brown shades; postmedial line white,

oblique to vein 2 where it is excurved to near termen, incurved at

submedian fold then bent outwards to termen above tornus, defined

on inner side by red-brown and with an oblique white bar before it

near tornus, the area beyond it suffused with brown from costa to

vein 2 witha whitish pateh on it; a black band just before termen

from below apex to vein 2, with four metallic silvery annuli on it ;

the apex yellow followed bya yellow line beyond the ooeflette band ;

cilia white with a brown line at base to vein 2.

Hab. Ecvuapor, R. Pastaza, Banos (Palmer), 1 9 ty pe. Exp.

32 mm.

(316) Argyractis mimicalis, sp. 0.

Head and thorax whitish mixed with pale red-brown ; abdomen

white tinged with pale red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral suiface

of abdomen white with a faint rufous tinge. Fore wing white

irrorated with blackish; an inwardly oblique antemedial series of

black striz ; a yellow patch in and above end of cell; medial line

black, erect to just beyond lower angle of cell, then oblique, sinuous

and with another faint line before it towards inner margin ; an

indistinct black postmedial line from vein 3 to inner margin,

angled outwards above vein 1; the apical area yellow, broadly, at

costa and narrowing to a point at submedian fold; a subterminal

white spot below costa before a blackish and silvery line from below

the costa to vein 3 towards which it is rather diffused; a small

black spot at apex, then a terminal series of black points to sub-

median fold where there is a black and silvery mark before it; cilia

white mixed with fuscous. Hind wing white thickly irrorated with

black except on basal and terminal areas ; a diffused oblique black

subbasal band from discal fold to inner margin; a waved white

medial line slightly defined on each side by black; subterminal

line white defined on each side by black, excurved below costa, then

sinuous ; terminal area yellow; a black bar with some silvery-blue

scales on it at apex, then three black ocelli each with two silvery-

blue points on them and a black spot with some silvery blue on it

below submedian fold ; cilia white with a black line near base to

discal fold, then black bars beyond the ocelli,

Hab. Sierra LEonE (Clements), 1 d; N. Nicerta, Zungeru

(Macfie), 1 2 type, Borgu, Yelwa L. (dkigeod), 1 2. Hezp.

14 mm,

Pyralids of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 367

_ Ble) Argyractis nyasalis, sp. n

¢@. Head and thorax pale yellow mixed with black-brown and

some white; abdomen pale red-brown with white segmental lines

and a blackish patch before extremity ; antenne dark brown ringed

with white ; palpi pale rufous; pectus and legs white tinged with

rufous, the fore tibize with black band near extremity; ventral

_ surface of abdomen white. Fore wing white irrorated with black ;

a blackish patch at base of costa ; a diffused inwardly oblique black

subbasal line ; a golden-yellow antemedial patch defined by black

scales from cell to inner margin; a double inwardly oblique sinuous

black medial line; postmedial line double, black filled in with

white, oblique to vein 3, then retracted with an upwards curve to

lower angle of cell, then strongly excurved above inner margin,

the area beyond it yellow irrorated with black ; a white subterminal

band defined by black lines from costa to vein 4 with some black

below it and an oblique black mark above tornus; a terminal

yellow band to vein 2; cilia white mixed with black. Hind wing

white, the postmedial area to vein 2 and the terminal area irrorated

with black ; a small black spot on inner margin near base ; a broad

black antemedial band from below costa to inner margin with a

small yellow spot on it in lower angle of cell, defined on outer side

by a white line followed by a curved black line; a double black

subterminal line filled in with white, excurved below costa, then

sinuous, the area beyond it yellow ; four rather diffused black ocelli

with silvery-blue points on them on termen between vein 7 and the

submedian fold, with a waved black line before them ; cilia blackish

at base, white at tips.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Blantyre (Davey), 1 35 type. LHxp.

16 mm.

(45a) Argyractis melanograpta, sp. 2.

3. Silvery white ; head with some black-brown behind; abdo-

men with black-brown band on 2nd segment and slight bar near

extremity, the anal tuft brown at extremity; palpi with the 3rd

joint black ; fore femora and fore and mid_tibie blaek-brown in

front, the tarsi banded with black-brown. Fore wing with oblique

black-brown subbasal band from costa to median nervure; medial

line black-brown, double and oblique towards costa, then single,

inwardly oblique, rather diffused and bent inwards to inner margin ;

subterminal line black-brown, double towards costa and inner mar-

gin, bent outwards to costa where the inner line has a short streak

on its inner side at costa, excurved to near termen at middle and

with some black-brown suffusion beyond it at tornus; a black-brown

terminal line from below apex to vein 4; cilia tinged with yellow.

Hind wing with some black-brown in end of cell; an obliquely

curved black-brown medial line, arising below costa and diffused on

outer side towards inner margin; a rather interrupted sinuous

black-brown subterminal line, diffused below discal fold; cilia

368 . Sir G. F. Hampson on new

yellow at base and with some black-brown scales at middle at apex,

brown at base from discal fold to tornus. ;

Hab. Br. Guiana, Demerara (Rodway), 1 g type. Eup.

‘10 mm.

(46a) Argyractis pheopastalis, sp. n.

@. Head and tegule white ; thorax and abdomen white suffused

with brown; antenne brown, yellowish white towards base; palpi

white; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore

and mid legs tinged with yellow. Fore wing red-brown; a slight

whitish medial line, angled outwards below costa and excurved

below the ,cell; an obliquely curved white postmedial line from

costa to vein 4 where it is met by an oblique white mark on its

inner side from vein 6; a silvery-white subterminal band from

below costa, where it is bent outwards to vein 4, an orange-yellow

band beyond it on termen extending to vein 2 and defined by

brown lines, some silvery white below it above tornus; cilia white.

Hind wing red-brown; an indistinct sinuous whitish medial line

defined on inner side by darker brown ; four minute ocelli just

before termen between veins 7 and 2 with black centres and metallic

silvery annuli; cilia white, yellow at base and with dark brown line

at middle fr om apex to vein 2.

Hab. CotomsBia, Choko, Prov. Condoto (Spurrell), 1 9 type.

Exp. 10 mm.

(le) Eristena tenebrifera, sp. n.

Antenne of male thickened with scales above towards base ;

hind femora with fringe of short hair behind towards base, the hind

tibize with large tuft of long hair on inner side; fore wing with

veins 8, 4 stalked.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous

brown’and mixed with some fuscous ; antenne fuscous ; hind legs

with the fringe of hair on femora whitish, the tuft of hair on tibiz

white at base, black at tips. Fore wing white tinged with ochreous

brown ; some black suffusion on basal area; medial area with some

black suffusion, its inner edge rather oblique, its outer incurved

below the cell and excurved above inner margin ; some blackish

suffusion on postmedial costal area and two rather diffused blackish

subterminal lines, somewhat excurved below costa, then oblique; a

slight dark terminal line with some ochreous brown before it.

Hind wing white, the terminal area suffused with ochreous brown.

Hab. Durcu N. Guryea, Mimika R. (Wollaston), 1 3 type.

Exp, 14 mm.

@l SF) Evistena tetralitha, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey suffused with brown and

some fuscous ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen whitish ;

fore tibiz with black stripe. Fore wing whitish suffused with

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 369

brown and irrorated with black; an oblique diffused black ante-

medial shade ; the cell whiter towards extremity ; postmedial line

rather diffused, black, obliquely curved to vein 3, then bent upwards

to upper angle of cell, then inwards and oblique to inner margin,

the area above its sinus whitish except towards costa and the area

in its sinus at end of cell and the whole area beyond it rufous; an

obliquely curved rather maculate silvery subterminal line defined on

each side by fuscous ; a terminal series of black points; cilia white

mixed with brown. Hind wing whitish; the basal area tinged

with brown and suffused with black; a rather diffused curved

black postmedial line, incurved below vein 3; the terminal area

suffused with rufous; four small black ocelli before termen between

discal and submedian folds, the two or three upper ocelli with white

points in centre, and the upper one with a black point above it;

cilia whitish tinged with brown and with a brown line near base.

Hab. Durcen N. Guinea, Mimika R. (Wollaston), 5 Q type,

Wataikwa R. (Wollaston), 4 2, Snow Mts., Setakwa R. (Meek),

19; Br. N. Guryea, Kumusi R. (Meek), 3 9. Hap. 14-20 mm.

(16a) Nymphula manilensis, gp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow mixed with some white

and fuscous, the last white at base and extremity and with black

segmental lines; antennz yellow ringed with black ; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white slightly irrorated with brown,

Fore wing yellow irrorated with dark brown and mixed with some

white, especially on outer half of medial area except towards costa ;

antemedial line white defined by some black scales, oblique below

the cell; a black point in middle of cell and some black suffusion

in end of cell; medial line white defined on inner side by black

scales, oblique to middle of discocellulars, then inwardly oblique, an.

oblique white mark beyond it below costa; postmedial line double,

brown filled in with white, arising below the costa where there is a

white mark before it, oblique and sinuous ; subterminal line formed

by somewhat dentate white marks defined on each side by blackish,

excurved at middle. Hind wing yellow irrorated with black, the

base white; an oblique black mark above inner margin near base ;

medial line double, black filled in with white, sinuous ; medial area

white with a yellow patch defined by black from below costa to.

vein 2; postmedial line double, black filled in with white, obliquely

curved, slightly sinuous towards costa; a rather maculate white

subterminal band defined on each side by black, sinuous; a fine

black terminal line; cilia white.

Hab. Purireprnes, Manila (Ledyard),1 3 type. Exp.14mm.

(19a) Nymphula leucoplagalis, sp. n.

Bocchoris zoilusalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 558 (part.), nee

Wik.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow mixed with fuscous

370 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

and some white; antennz black; pectus, hind legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen towards base white; fore tibiz fuscous, white

at extremities. Fore wing fulvous yellow irrorated with dark red-

brown; a subbasal red-brown shade; a medial red-brown shade

with some white scales on it in end of cell, a white patch beyond it

on costal area, defined on outer side by a red-brown shade joining

the medial shade at lower angle of cell, then with three small white

spots on its outer edge, a small white spot beyond it on costa; the

terminal area suffused with dark red-brown. Hind wing fulvous

yellow, the basal half and terminal area suffused with dark red-

brown. ;

Hab. Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith), 1 3 type,

Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 14 mi.

(306) Nymphula plumbefusalis, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax leaden grey tinged with fuscous ; abdomen

white, basally suffused with reddish brown; antennze dark brown ;

frons white; palpi with the 8rd joint white; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore and mid legs tinged

with brown, the fore tibie blackish on inner side, white on outer

side except towards base. Fore wing leaden grey tinged with

brown ; an antemedial black spot below the cell and slight rufous

and dark shade towards inner margin; a black discoidal spot; an

indistinct diffused rufous postmedial shade, incurved below vein 4

to below end of cell, arising below the costa and interrupted below

the cell; a faint dark subterminal shade ; a faint punctiform brown

line before termen and terminal series of slight dark spots. Hind

wing pure white; a faint reddish-brown line from lower angle of

cell to vein 1; a reddish-brown postmedial bar at discal fold,

diffused spot at vein 2 and small spot at inner margin; a puncti-

form line before termen and a terminal line; cilia white mixed

with reddish brown and chequered with darker brown at base.

Hab. Supan, Blue Nile (flower), 6 ¢ type. Harp. 20 mm.

(526) Nymphula metastictalis, sp. n.

brownish bar, the abdomen tinged with ochreous brown except at

base; fore tibize fuscous brown at extremities. Fore wing silvery

white slightly tinged with ochreous brown except on terminal area ;

small black-brown spots at base of costa and cell; a black-brown

antemedial spot on costa; an inwardly oblique brown media] line

with black spot at costa; a small white discoidal spot indistinctly

defined by brown; postmedial line brown with a black spot at costa

where it arises towards apex, excurved to vein 2, then incurved to

inner margin below end of cell; a curved brown subterminal line

from vein 7 to submedian fold ; a fine black terminal line before a

yellow terminal band, punctiform towards apex ; cilia white suffused

with brown. Hind wing white suffused with reddish brown except

Pyralide of the Subfamily Hy drocampine. 371

at base and on inner area; diffused brown ante- and postmedial

lines and a faint subterminal shade; two small black spots just

before termen below apex and eight between discal and submedian

folds, all defined on inner side by white ; the termen yellow; cilia

brown at base, white at tips.

Hab. Goodenough I, (Meek), 1 2 type. Exp. 20 mm.

(536) Nymphula flavicostalis, sp. n.

Fore wing of male without fovea below the cell.

3. Head and thorax white mixed with black-brown and some

yellowish ; abdomen white irrorated with black forming diffused

dorsal bands except at base ; antenne yellow ringed with brown ;

palpi yellow mixed with red-brown; pectus and ventral surface of

abdomen white irrorated with dark brown; legs white, the tibiz

and tarsi banded with black. Fore wing white tinged in parts

with brown and irrorated with black-brown, the costal area to end

of cell and towards apex orange-yellow; antemedial line white

defined on each side by blackish, curved, obsolete at inner margin ;

an elongate white spot in the cell before the medial line which is

white defined on each side by blackish, slightly waved, oblique

below the cell, a white patch beyond it on costal area: an irregular

yellowish discoidal spot defined by black scales ; postmedial line

white defined on each side by dark brown, ‘maculate and slightly

curved to vein 3, then bent inwards and obsolescent to lower angle

of cell, then erect and sinuous, some alternating black and white

marks before it on costa; a white subapical point, then a series of

white subterminal lunules, larger and extending to near the post~

medial line above and below ..vein 6, with diffused black marks

beyond them to vein 3; the termen narrowly yellow; cilia black

at base, then white with black marks towards apex and at middle.

Hind wing white; rather diffused brownish medial and post-

medial lines; the termen suffused with brownish, its inner edge

slightly waved ; some slight dark marks on termen towards apex ;

cilia with some dark scales at tips; yellowish at base and with a

blackish line at middle between veins 3 and 1,

Hab, Purv, Carabaya, Oconeque (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Exp,

22 mm.

(53) Nymphula graphicalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last with faint dorsal

ochreous-brown bands except at base. Fore wing silvery white; a

subbasal black point below vein 1; a slight antemedial spot formed

by black scales below costa; medial line with an oblique black

striga from costa, then double and pale ochreous brown, incurved

in the cell and obliquely excurved below it; a narrow discoidal

lunule defined by black and a patch of pale ochreous-brown suffu-

sion below end of cell; postmedial line double, brown with a black

point on the inner line at costa, excurved below costa, then oblique,

372 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

slightly waved and paler below vein 4, a pale ochreous-brown tinge

before its costal half and beyond it below vein 5, pale ochreous-

brown streaks beyond it on costa and vein 7 with a black streak

between them from termen; cilia tinged with ochreous brown.

Hind wing silvery white; a double waved black-brown antemedial

line; a discoidal bar defined by black-brown; postmedial line

double, ochreous brown and somewhat dentate, slight ochreous-

brown suffusion before it except towards costa and inner margin

and slight streaks beyond it on the veins of costal half, then brown

suffusion to tornus; cilia with pale ochreous brown mixed.

Hab. Perv, Carabaya, Oconeque (Ockenden), 1 Q type. Exp.

20 mm.

(16) Margarosticha gaudialis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax greyish mixed with brown, the tegule and

patagia with some fulvous; abdomen fulvous with brown dorsal

bands; antenne whitish tinged with brown; palpi banded with

dark brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish

_ tinged with brown, the fore legs with the femora black above, the

tibiz black at extremities, the tarsi with black marks at the joints.

Fore wing fulvous orange, the base tinged with brown ; an oblique

silvery band defined on each side by brown from middle of cell to

inner margin; the fovea in end of cell surrounded by brown suffu-

sion; a triangular silvery-white mark beyond the cell defined by

rather diffused brown which extends to the costa; a silvery-white

subterminal band from costa to vein 4 where it ends in a point,

defined on inner side by rather diffused brown and on outer by a

black line extending to below vein 3; a terminal series of small

black spots to vein 2 and a short leaden-brown fascia above tornus

ending in a silvery point; cilia silvery: Hind wing fulvous orange,

the base pale ; a slightly sinuous silvery-white medial band defined

on each side by brown; the postmedial area brown, ending in a

point above tornus; four ocellate black spots on termen between

yein 7 and submedian fold, defined on inner side by a waved white

line and with fulvous orange between them, a small triangular

- black spot above the uppermost ocellus ; cilia silvery.

Hab. Avuiraury Is. (Meek), 3 5 type. Hxvp. 18 mm.

(8a) Margarosticha euprepialis, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax silvery white, the shoulders and some hairs

at tips of patagia yellow-brown ; abdomen silvery white at base

with a yellow-brown band, then pale yellow with slight yellow-brown

dorsal spots to beyond middle and silvery-white segmental lines ;

antennz pale fulvous; palpi white, the 2nd joint banded with pale

red-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen silvery

white, the fore tibie tinged with yellow above. Fore wing pale

yellow; a red-brown tinge at base of costa and a triangular white

patch on basal inner area defined on outer side by red-brown scales ;

Pyralide: of the Subfamily Hydrocampinee. 373

a broad oblique silvery-white medial band from cell to inner margin,

defined on inner side by a curved red-brown line and on outer by a

diffused red-brown patch from submedian fold to uiner margin ; an

oblique silvery-white discoidal bar beyond the fovea; an oblique

conical silvery-white postmedial patch from costa to vein 3, defined

by red-brown and with some red-brown beyond it on costa; a

silvery-white subterminal band from costa to discal fold, defined by

red-brown extending to vein 2 where it ends in a point and with a

wedge-shaped brown mark below it above tornus, these brown

markings tinged with silvery below the band; a fine red-brown

terminal line; cilia silvery. Hind wing white; a _ black-brown

subbasal band from below costa to above outer margin; a yellow

band from middle of costa to tornus defined on each side by slightly

sinuous red-brown lines, the outer line with a brilliant silver line

beyond it; the area beyond the band irrorated with black scales ;

five black ocellate spots on a white band on termen between discal

and submedian folds with small brilliant silvery spots between

them; the termen yellow towards tornus; cilia silvery.

Hab. QurENstand, Townsville (Dodd), 1 3 type. Lup.

22 mm.

(5) Margarosticha argyrograpta, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow with a golden

gloss, the head, patagia, and base of abdomen with some white ;

palpi white with brown band at extremity of the 2nd joint and the

8rd ‘joint yellow; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

white, the fore and mid tibize tinged with yellow and the former

black at extremity. Fore wing orange-yellow; a silvery-white

subbasal patch from middle of cell to inner margin where it extends

to the base, its outer edge angled outwards at median nervure ; an

oblique silvery-white medial band from discal fold to inner margin,

produced to streaks beyond lower angle of cell and below cell 2; an

oblique triangular silvery-white postmedial patch from costa to.

vein 4, its outer edge defined by brown ; a wedge-shaped silvery-

white subterminal band from costa to below vein 3, slightly defined

at sides by brown and its lower part metallic silvery; a metallic

silvery fascia above tornus; a terminal series of black points with

larger point at apex; cilia white tinged with yellow. Hind wing

orange-yellow, the base white ; a silvery-white medial band with

slightly waved edges, its inner edge defined by brown; a metallic

silvery postmedial lunule between veins 5 and 2 and a spot above

tornus ; three large black ocellate spots on termen between discal

and submedian folds with some silvery seales on their inner edge

and a line before them which is yellowish above and silvery white

below, extending to termen below the lowest spot, a small triangular

black spot above the uppermost spot on termen ; cilia silvery white

at base, white tinged with brown at tips.

Hab. Bismarck ARCHIPELAGO, Rook I. (Meek), 3 2 type,

Exp. 18-22 mm,

374 Sir G. F. Uampson on new

(1c) Cataclysta perirrorata, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white mixed with brown;

antennz white tinged with brown; palpi white tinged with yellow;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with

brown. Fore wing white, the medial area irrorated with large

black scales ; the base orange-yellow with some brown at costa ; an

inwardly oblique orange-yellow antemedial band slightly defined at

sides by brown; an oblique orange-yellow postmedial band from

below costa to termen at submedian fold where it is confluent with

a similar curved subterminal band, a silvery point below its extre-

mity with a yellow striga before it to tornus; an orange-yellow

terminal band from just below apex to vein 3 where it ends in a

point, defined on inner side by a brown line and with some silver

between it and the subterminal band except towards costa; cilia

white mixed with brown. Hind wing white, the medial area

irrorated with large black scales, narrowing to inner margin near

tornus; a faint oblique orange-yellow antemedial shade; two fine

very slightly waved black subterminal lines, slightly excurved

below costa and bent outwards to tornus; four ocellate black spots

on termen from below apex to submedian fold with small metallic

silver spots on the 1st and 4th and small silver spots between them

on termen.; cilia white with a brown line at base and some brown

at tips especially towards apex. .

Ab. 1. Abdomen orange-yellow mixed with brown; fore wing

with the costal area suffused with brown, the medial area more

thickly irrorated with black except towards costa, the medial band

on outer side and the subterminal band on inner side with some

silvery suffusion, the oblique postmedial band almost interrupted at

middle and with distinct bar from it to tornus; hind wing suffused

with brown except at base, the oblique orange-yellow antemedial

band distinct, defined by brown and bent inwards to inner margin,

the ocellate terminal black spots more confluent. Br. C. Africa,

Mashonaland.

Ab. 2. Fore wing with the bands and hind wing with the ante-

medial shade rufous. Cape Colony.

Hab. Goup Coast, Appan, 1 d, Bibianaha (Spurrell), 4 3,

29, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 ¢ type; 8S. Niger1a, Ebute Meta

(Boag),1 3,1 9; Br. C. Arrica, Zomba (Old), 1 9, Mt. Mlanje

(Neave), 4 5,2 9; Masnonatann (Dobbie), 2 3g; Care Cotony,

Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), 1 ¢. Exp. 12-16 mm.

(le) Cataclysta nigristriata, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white suffused with red-

brown, the last more fulvous towards extremity; palpi brown

towards base, white towards extremity; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore wing white,

the medial area except towards costa irrorated with large black

scales and with fine black streaks beyond the cell and on vein 1

» ah bee

~ Pyralide of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 375

and inner margin, the terminal area from costa beyond middle to

inner margin near tornus golden yellow; the base reddish brown

with inwardly oblique outer edge; a faint inwardly oblique

yellowish antemedial band, followed by a cupreous-brown medial

line, incurved below the cell; an oblique wedge-shaped white post-

medial patch from costa to discal fold, defined on inner side by

brown; a subterminal band from below costa to vein 4 where it

ends ina point, white above, silvery below, defined by black lines,

the line on inner side reaching the costa; an oblique silvery bar

from below vein 4 beyond the cell to just above tornus; cilia

white tinged with cupreous brown except at submedian fold and at

tips between veins 6 and 4. Hind wing white, the medial area

irrorated with large black scales and with slight streaks below costa

and triangular in shape, from costa to submedian fold; cupreous-

brown bars at and beyond end of cell; the inner area orange-

yellow from before middle to tornus with metallic streaks on it at

middle of inner margin and in terminal part of submedian fold; an

oblique black line from below apex to submedian fold beyond

middle; five ocellate black spots on termen from below apex to

above tornus with a white band before them and orange-yellow

between their upper parts and metallic silver spots on termen, the

first and third black spots smaller; cilia cupreous brown, white at

tips except at apex.

Hab. Durcu N. Gury, Ron I. (Doherty), 1 3,1 9, Kapaur

(Doherty), 1 3, Mimika (Woolaston), 1 3 type; Apmiraury Is.

(Meak), 1 $, 1 Q; LovrstapE Is., St. Aignan (Meek), 1 2.

Hap. 12 mm.

(1g) Cataclysta amboinalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen golden yellow mixed with white

and black; antennz brownish, yellow towards base; palpi yellow

tinged with brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

white tinged with brown. Fore wing white, the basal area and

costal area to end of cell tinged with cupreous brown, the medial

area irrorated with large black scales except towards costa, the

apical area from costa at end of cell to termen above tornus golden

yellow defined on inner side by brown ; antemedial line dark brown,

slightly curved ; an oblique wedge-shaped silvery-white postmedial

patch defined by brown from costa to vein 4; a curved subterminal

band from costa to vein 3, silvery white above, metallic silvery

below defined by black lines, the outer line not reaching the costa ;

an oblique metallic silvery spot defined by blackish above tornus ;

cilia cupreous brown at base, white tinged with brown at tips, at

submedian fold pure white to base. Hind wing white, the medial

area irrorated with large black scales except towards inner margin,

the terminal area cupreous brown; a slight black spot near base

below the cell; an indistinctly double oblique cupreous-brown

antemedial line; four partly confluent ocellate black spots with

metallic silver centres on termen from below apex to submedian

376 On new Pyralide of the Subfamily Hydrocampine.

fold, with some orange-yellow scales before the three lower spots

and metallic gold points between the spots on termen; cilia

cupreous brown at base, white tinged with brown at tips.

Hab. AmBotna (Doherty), 1 2 type. ap. 12 mm.

(1h) Cataclysta queenslandica, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax silvery white, the patagia yellowish at tips;

abdomen silvery white suffused with golden yellow; antenne

brownish with white points in front; palpi yellow tinged with

brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged

with yellow, the fore femora above and tibia on inner side black.

Fore wing white, the basal area obliquely and the costal area to

end of cell cupreotis brown, the medial area irrorated with cupreous

brown except towards costa, the terminal area orange-yellow from

costa at end of cell to inner margin near tornus; a cupreous-brown

discoidal spot and two lines from lower angle of cell, diverging

towards inner margin ; an oblique wedge-shaped silvery-white post-

medial patch from costa to vein 4, some cupreous brown beyond it

on costa ; a subterminal band from below costa to vein 3, where it

ends in a point, white above and metallic silver below, the white

part defined at sides by cupreous brown on inner side extending

to the costa ; an oblique metallic silver spot above tornus ; a fine

dark terminal line; cilia cupreous brown, white at submedian fold.

Hind wing white, the postmedial area irrorated with large black

seales, triahgularly from costa where it extends to apex to sub-

median fold; the base tinged with yellow; a cupreous-brown ante-

medial bar in and below the cell; an oblique cupreous-brown

medial band from costa to submedian fold; the terminal half of

inner area orange-yellow with some metallic silver at middle

of inner margin; a fine sinuous black-brown subterminal line from

apex to above tornus ; five partly confluent ocellate black spots on

termen with metallic silver points between them and orange-yellow

points on termen ; cilia cupreous brown at base, white tinged with

brown at tips.

2. Head with dark bar behind antenne; thorax tinged with

ochreous brown ; abdomen yellower; fore wing with the base and

costal area redder brown, an oblique red-brown medial band, the

yellow terminal area defined on inner side by two red-brown lines,

angled inwards to lower angle of cell; hind wing with oblique

orange-yellow medial band defined at sides by cupreous-brown

lines, the postmedial area more strongly irrorated, the subterminal

line more distinct and defined on each side by yellowish white, the

terminal ocellate spots better defined and separate.

Hab. QuEENstand, Cooktown, Cedar Bay (leek), 1 3 type,

Kuranda (Dodd),1 9. Hxp., 5 14, 2 16 mm,

[To be continued, }

On the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, cc. 377

XXXIV.—A Revision of the Clipetd Fishes of the Genera

Sardinella, Harengula, de. By OC. Tare Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genus Clupea, as understood by Giinther, includes a

number of genera which may be arranged in two grotps:

one of these, characterized by a well-marked median notch in

the upper jaw, has been dealt with in a recent paper (supra,

p- 297) ; the other group includes genera without a distinct

notch in the upper jaw, namely, Clupea, Clupeonella, Sardina,

Sardinella, Opisthonema, Harengula, Lile, and Heringia.

Of these I have already published revisions of Clupea and

Sardina (‘ Annals,’ (8) xviii. 1916, p. 1, and xix. 1917, p. 226),

and I have nothing to add to Berg’s synopsis of Clupeonella

(Harengu/a, Berg, ‘ Annals,’ (8) xi. 1913, p. 480, and Poiss.

de l’eau douce de la Russie, p. 30, 1916). The other genera,

comprising species that are mostly tropical and_ strictly

marine, form the subject of the present paper.

SARDINELLA, Val. 1847,

Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 2638,

Clupeonia, Cuy. & Val. ¢. c. p. 346,

This genus is closely related to Sardina, Antipa (Regan,

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. 1916, p. 11), from which

it differs especially in the absence of radiating grooves on the

operculum and in the structure of the posterior margin of the

_ branchial chamber, the vertical edge of the cleithrum being

covered by a dermal fold which bears two obtusely pointed

projections some distance apart, with a shallow concavity

between them. The vertebrae are fewer than in Sardina,

numbering 44 in §S. gibbosa, 45 in S. sindensis, and 46 in

S. longiceps and 8, maderensis.

The majority of the species are tropical, but those of the

Eastern Atlantic range into the Mediterranean; most of

them are of considerable economic value, both as food-fishes

and as a source of oil,

Synopsis of the Species.

I, Ventral scutes sharply keeled.

A. Pelvic fins 9-rayed ; a dark spot at edge of operculum.

Eye 33 to 43 in length of head, which is 33 to 4 in

length of fish; 110-160 gill-rakers on lower

part GEA@RtCRIOR BPCHy i. ii Soe ee ae 1. aurita,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 25

378 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

Eye 5 to G6 in length of head, which is 3 to 33 in

length of fish; 180-250 gill-rakers on lower part

Orenterior arch..i.; wfisstpeeees ui in 2. longiceps.

B. Pelvic fins 8-rayed ; a dark spot at base of anterior rays of dorsal

fin.

1. Mediterranean and West African species.

Depth 33 to 4 in length; 60 to 95 gill-rakers on

lower part of anterior arch (in specimens of 100

to. 300 (nimeyg, acces see ince ee weeeee o Maderensis.

Depth 33 to 33 in length; 110 to 130 gill-rakers on

lower part of anterior arch (in specimens of 100

to}200 ann) Fo 5Fk sh Ce.G Ph gde BGs beta ate 4. eba.

Depth 3 in length; 90 to 100 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch (in specimens of 170 to

DOO RIE) Stes arate ge elec ieee OER Ere Bist obey 5. cameronensis.

2. Indo-Pacific species.

Depth 23 in length; 130 gill-rakers on lower part of

anterior arch...... Acre withe walenee eet. ayant eee te 6, day.

Depth 23 to 3; gill-rakers 55 to 65; diameter of eye

ato os if tenath ot held): § i.e. ae ible eet ee 7. brachysoma.

Depth 3; gill-rakers 48 to 55; diameter of eye 33 to

32.in lenoth of head... .§ 5.5 .—eeie Sees scot Oe perforata,

Depth Sto 34: pill-rakers 70 Oye Fos aes aes oui wos 9. fimbriata,

Depth 3} to 4; gill-rakers 58 to 62 ...........4.. 10. sindensis. -

Depth 33 to 4; gill-rakers 50 to 55 ......... wee. LL. gebbosa.

Depth 33 to 4; gill-rakers 88 to 44. .............. 12. melanura.

If. Ventral scutes feebly keeled.

Maxillary nearly or quite reaching to below eye; 36

to 40 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ;

pelvics below anterior half of dorsal .......... 13. sim.

Maxillary not reaching eye; 27 to 31 gill-rakers on

Ss fal « - ? . : . .

lower part of anterior arch; pelvics below origin

Ol dorsdleecg : cava e oe eee area oy nee 14, clupeoides.

1. Sardinella aurita.'

2 Clupea ceruleo-vittata, Richards, Iehth. China, p. 305 (1846) *.

Sur finella aurita, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss, xx. p, 263, pl. 594

(1847)

Surdinella anchovia, Cuv. & Val. t..c, p. 269.

Meletta mediterranea, Cuv. & Val, ¢. ¢. p. 369.

a Sardinella lemuru, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. v. 1853, p. 500.

? Sardinia pseudohispanica, Poey, Mem. Cuba, ii. p. 811 (1860).

Clupea aurita, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vil. p. 420 (1868).

Clupea anchovia, Giinth, t. ¢, p. 421.

Clupea melanosticia, Giinth. t. e. p. 430.

Clipea lemuru, Giinth. t. c. p. 430; Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 108, Clup.

pl. ix. fig. 1 (1872). ;

? Clipea psendohispanica, Giinth. t. ¢. p. 442.

Clupea brasiliensis, Steind. Sitzungsh. Akad. Wien, lxxx. 1880, p. 182.

* Richardson's description is based on a coloured figure by Reeves,

probably, but not certainly, intended to represent this species.

iets

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, Le. 319

Clupanodon pseudohispanicus, Jord, & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.

xlvii. 1896, p, 423.

Sardinella anchovia, Jord. & Everm. t. c. p. 429.

Clupea immaculata, Kishinouye, Journ. Imp. Fisheries Bureau Tokyo,

xiv. 1907, p. 96, pl. xix. fig. 1.

AN sige ee Antipa, Denkschr. Akad. Wien, lxxviii. 1906, p. 46

+ 1. oo. LZ.

Charen longiceps, Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral. Archipelago,

ii. p. 82 (1918),

Depth of body 4 to 54 in the length, length of head 34

to4. Snout as jong as or longer than diameter of eye, which

is 34 to 44 in the length of head; maxillary extending to

below anterior 2 of eye; a patch of teeth on the tongue.

110 (young) to 160 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. About 48 scales in a longitudinal series, 12 to 14 ina

transverseseries; ventral scutessharply keeled, 18-20 + 13-15.

Dorsal 16-20. Anal15-19. Pelvics 9-rayed, inserted below

or behind middle of dorsal. A dark spot at edge of operculum.

Vertebrae 47 or 48. ;

Cape Cod to Rio Janeiro; Black Sea and Mediterranean ;

Indo-Australian Archipelago, China, and Southern Japan.

The description is based on eight specimens, 120 to 180 mm.

long, from Havana, Trinidad, and Rio de Janeiro (S. an-

chovia), several of 110 to 130 mm. from Algiers, the type of

S. lemuru from Java (145 mm. long) and two examples from

China, 180 mm. long (C. melanosticta, Giinth.). In a very

small fish (75 mm.) I count 80 gill-rakers on the lower part

of the anterior areh.

The discontinuous distribution of this species is remark-

able; in the Indian Ocean it is represented by the allied

S. longiceps.

2, Sardinella longiceps.

Sardinella longiceps, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss, xx. p- 273 (1847).

Sardinella neohowii, Cuy. & Val. t. c. p. 274.

Alosa scombrina, Cuv. & Val. t.c. p. 442.

Cee Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 428 (1868); Day, Fish. India,

. Od.

Oluped scombrina, Giinth, ¢. ¢. p. 448.

Depth of body 4 to 42 in the length, length of head 3 to 33.

Snout longer than diameter of eye, which is 5 to 6 in the

length of head; maxillary extending to below anterior part

or nearly to middle of eye. 180 to 250 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. 46 to 48 scales in a longitudinal

series, 12 or 13 in a, transverse series ; ventral scutes sharply

keeled, 18-21 + 13-15... Dorsal 16-18. Anal14-16. Pelvies

9-rayed, below or beliind middle of dorsal. A dark spot at

edge of operculum. Vertebiz 47.

; 95%

880 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

Tndian Ocean.

Several specimens, 120 to 180 mm. in total length, from

Mombasa, Muscat, and India.

3. Sardinella maderensis.

Clupea maderensis, Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. 1839, p. 189. :

? Sardinella ygranigera, Cuv. & Valg Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 267 (1847).

Clupea maderensis (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 440 (1868).

Depth of body 32 to 4 in the length, length of head 33 to

41, Snout as long as or a little longer than diameter of eye,

which is 34 to 4 in length of head; maxillary extending to

below anterior + of eye. 60 to 95 gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. 48 to 50 scales in a longitudinal, 12 or 13

in a transverse series; ventral scutes 19-20+14-16. Dorsal

18-19. Anal 18-19. Pelvies 8-rayed, a little in advance

of middle of dorsal. A dark spot at base of anterior dorsal

rays. Vertebre 48.

Eleven specimens, 110 to 300 mm. in total length, from

Madeira, Cape Verde Is., and Mogadore.

If S. granigera be this species, it occurs in the Medi-

terranean.

4. Sardinella eba.

Alosa eba, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 369 (1847).

Clupea maderensis (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 440 (1868).

Depth of body 34 to 32 in the length, length of head 33 to

4, Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 33 to 4 in the

length of head ; maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of

eye or a little beyond. 110 to 130 gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. 44 to 46 scales in a longitudinal, 11 to 13

in a transverse series; ventral scutes 18-19+4+14. Dorsal

18-20. Anal 17-22. Pelvics 8-rayed, below middle of

dorsal. A dark spot at base of anterior dorsal rays. Ver-

tebree 46.

Mediterranean ; West Africa.

Eight specimens, 110 to 200 mm. in total length, from

Keypt, Algiers, and Nigeria.

5. Sardinella cameronensis, sp. 0.

Clupea senegalensis (non Benn.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 441 (1868) *.

Depth of body 3 in the length, length of head 4. Snout

* Alosa senegalensis, Bennett (Proc. Zool, Soc. i. 1831, p. 147), is

probably a synonym of Sardina pilchardus.

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, Se. 381

as long as diameter of eye, which is 33 in length of head;

maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye. 90 to 100

gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 44 scales in a

longitudinal, 13 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes 18-

19+14. Dorsal 18-19. Anal 20-21. Pelvics 8-rayed,

below middle of dorsal. Caudal lobes long, 3 length of fish.

A dark spot at base of anterior dorsal rays. Vertebre 46.

Two specimens, 170 and 200 mm. in total length, from

Camaroon.

6. Sardinella dayi, sp. n.

Depth of body 2? in the length, length of head 3¢.

Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 32 in length of

head; maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye. 130

gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 44 scales in a

longitudinal and 12 in a transverse series; ventral scutes

19+13. Dorsal 18, nearly equidistant from end of snout

and base of caudal. Anal19. Pelvics 8-rayed, below middle

of dorsal. Pectoral 2? length of head. Silvery; back

darker; a blackish spot at base of anterior dorsal rays ;

upper part of dorsal and edge of caudal dusky.

A single specimen, 125 mm. long, from Karwar, India,

presented by N. B. Kinnear, Esq. ‘The species is named in

memory of Dr. Francis Day.

7. Sardinella brachysoma.

? Kowala albella, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 362, pl. 602

(1847).

Sardinella brachysoma, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv. 1852, Haringacht.

p. 19.

Hurengula hypselosoma, Bleek.. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. viii. 1855,

427

Clupea brachysoma, Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 423 (1868) ; Bleek. Atl.

Ichth. vi. p. 104, Clup. pl. ix. fig. 4 (1872); Day, Fish. India, p. 635,

pl. clxii. fig. 3 (1878); Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral.

Archipel. ii. p. 70, fig. 25 (1913).

Clupea hypselosoma, Giinth. t. c. p. 481; Bleek. 7. ¢, pl. ix. fig. 2.

Depth of body 24 to 3 in the length, length of head 4 to

43. Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 33 in

Jength of head ; maxillary extending to below anterior } of

eye or a little beyond. 55 to 65 gill-rakers on lower part of

anterior arch. 40 to 44 scales in a longitudinal and 12 or 13

in » transverse series ; ventral scutes 17-20+12-13. Dorsal

14-20. Anal 18-22. Pelvics 8-rayed, below or in advance

of middle of dorsal. A dark spot at base of dorsal ; upper

pert of dorsal and ends of caudal lobes often dusky.

! India ; Malay Archipelago.

}

382 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

Seven examples, 100 to 150 mm. in length, from Madras,

Java, and Amboina, including the types of the species and of

HI. hypselosoma.

8. Sardinella perforata.

Clupeonia perforata, Cantor, J. As. Soc, Bengal, xviii. 1850, p. 1276.

Clupalosa bulan, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxii. 1849, Madura, p. 12.

Spratella kowala, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. ii. 1851, p. 492.

Clupea perforata, Giiuth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 424 (1868) ; Bleek. Atl.

Ichth. vi. p. 110, Clup. pl. x. fig. 2 (1872); Weber & Beaufort,

Indo-Austral. Arch. Fish. ii. p. 74 (1918).

Clupea bulan, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 110, Clup. pl. viii. fig. 5 (1872).

Depth of body about 3 in the length, length of head 4

to 42. Snout as long as or a little shorter than diameter of

eye, piel ee to 32 in length of head; maxillary extending

to below anterior 4 of eye. 48 to 55 (58) gill-rakers on

lower part of anterior arch. About 44 scales ina longitudinal,

12 or 13 inatransverse series ; ventral scutes 17-20 + 10-13.

Dorsal 17-20. Anal 17-20. Pelvics 8-rayed, below or in

advance of middle of dorsal. A dark spot at base of anterior

dorsal rays.

Indian Ocean and Archipelago.

Several specimens, 90 to 130 mm. in total length, including

types of the species, of S. kowala, and C. bulan, from the

Persian Gulf and the Malay Archipelago.

9. Sardinella fimbriata.

Spratella fimbriata, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 359, pl. 600

(1847).

Korvala lauta, Cantor, J. As. Soc. Bengal, xviii. 1850, p. 1279.

Clupea fimbriata, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 427 (1868).

Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of head 4.

Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 33 to 32 in length

of head; maxillary extending to below anterior } of eye or a

little beyond. 70 to 75 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch, About 45 scales in a longitudinal and 12 in a trans-

verse series ; ventral scutes 18-19+12-13. Dorsal 18-19.

Anal 18-21. Pelvies 8-rayed, in advance of middle of

dorsal. A dark spot at base of anterior dorsal rays; upper

part of dorsal and posterior edge of caudal dusky.

Sea of Bengal.

Four specimens, 110 to 125 mm. long, from Akyab, Oris.a,

Malabar, and Madras (May), and the types of K. laua

(skins) from Pinang.

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, dc. 383

10. Sard nellu s ndensis.

Clupea sindensis, Day, Fish. India, p. 638, pl. elxifi, fig. 2 (1878).

Depth of body 34 to 4 in the length, length of head 32 to

4}. Snout as lone as or shorter than diameter of eye, which

is "31 to 33 in the. length of head ; maxillary extending to

below Saiexids sof eye. 58 to 66 etll-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. 44 to 48 scales in a longitudinal, 11 to 13

ina transverse series 3 ventral scutes 17-19+ 12-15. Dorsal

17-19. Anal 18-21. Pelvics 8-rayed, below or in advance

of middle of dorsal. A dark spot at base of anterior dorsal

rays ; upper part of dorsal and ends of caudal lubes sometimes

blackish.

Indian Ocean and Archipelago.

Thirteen specimens, 95 to 130 mm. in total length, from

Sind, Bombay, Amboina, and Formosa.

11. Sardinella gibbosa.

? Clupanodon jussiewt, Lacep. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. pp. 469, 474, pl. xi.

fig. 2 (1803).

? Clupeonia jussteut, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. p. 346 (1847);

Sauvage, Hist. Madagascar Poiss. p. 495,

? Clipeonia fasciata, Cuy. & Val. t.c. p. 349.

Clupea gibbosa, Bleek. Journ. Ind. Arch, iii. 1849, p. 72; and Atl.

Ichth. vi. p. 106, Clup. pl. viii. fig. 6 (1872).

Spratella tenbang, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen, xxiv. 1852, Haringacht.

28.

Chines tembang (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 426 (1868).

Clupea fimbriata (part.), Day, Fish. India, p. 637 Weber & Beaufert,

Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. 1. p. 75, fig. 26 (1913).

Depth of body 35 to 4 in the length, length of head + to

4}. Snout as long as or longer than diameter. of eye, which

is 35 to a in length of head; maxillary extending to below

anterior + or 4 of eye.|. 90 to 55 gill-rakers on lower part of

antellor pie 44 to 48 scales in a longitudinal, 11 to 13 in

a transverse series; ventral scutes 18-20+-13-15. Dorsal

17-20. Anal17-19. Pelvics 8-rayed, somewhat in advance |

of middle of dorsal, A dark spot at base of anterior dorsal

lays ; upper part of dorsal and posterior edge of caudal often

usky.

Indian Ocean and Archipelago.

Kleven specimens, 100 to 160 mm. in total length, from

Durban, Mombasa, Ganjam, Madras, Siam, Celebes, Java,

and Amboyna, including the type of & tembang.

384 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

12. Sardinella melanura.

Clupanodon sinensis, var., Lacep. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. pl. xi. fig. 3

(1803). ee

Clupea melanura, Cuv. Régne Anim. ed. 2, ii. p. 318 (1829).

—= Clupeonia commersont, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Nat. bois, xx. p. 350 (1847) ;

Sauvage, Hist. Madagascar Poiss. p. 494 (1891).

Spr atella Jjimbriata, Bleek. Verh. Batay. Genootsch. xxiv. 1852,

Haringacht. p. 27.

Huarengula melanurus, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. v. 1853, p. 245.

Clupea atricauda, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 426 (1868); Bleek. Atl.

Ichth. vi. p. 106, Clup. pl. x. fig. 5 (1878) ; Day, Fish. India, p. 636,

pl. clxiv. fig. 5 ue Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral.

Arch. ii. p. 80 (1918).

Clupea aul Tisch Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 105, Clup. pl. xiii. fig. 5.

(1872).

? Harengula melanura, Sauvage, Hist. Madagascar Poiss. p. 492,

pl. xlviil. fig. 4.

Depth of body 3} to 4 in the length, length of head 4 to

Al, Snout as nh as orm little longer than diameter of eye,

winch’ is 34 to 4 in the length of head ; maxillary extending

to below anterior 4 of eye. 388 to 44 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. 44 to 46 scales in a longitudinal

series, 12 or 13 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes sharply

keeled, 19-20+138. Dorsal 18-19. Anal 16-18. Pelvics

8-rayed, below or a little in advance of middle of dorsal. A

dark spot at base of anterior dorsal rays; ends of caudal

lobes usually blackish.

Indian Ocean and Archipelago.

Four specimens, 115 to 160 mm. in total length, including

two received from Dr. Bleeker as ee melanurus and 8. fimbri-

ata, which appear to be the specimens figured as C. atricauda

and C. sundaica.

13. Sardinella strm.

Clupea sirm, Ripp. Neue Wirbelth. Fische, p. 77, pl. xxi. fig. 1

(1835-40); Ginth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 425 (1868) ; Weber & Beautort,

Fish. Indo-Austral. Archipel. ii. p. 62 (1918).

Sardinella letogaster, Cuv. & Val. Hist, Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 270 (1847).

Sardinella leiogastroides, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned, Ind. vu. 1864,

p. 250.

fluid. liogaster, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 102, Clup. pl. iv. fig. 6 (1872) ;

Klunzinger, Zool. Botan. Ges. Wien, xxi. 187], p. 598; Weber &

Beaufort, é. ¢. pabl

Clupea leiogastr otdes, Bleek. 7. c. Clup. pl. xiv. fig. 2.

Clupea pinguis, Ginth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, x. 1872 2, p. 425, and

Brenchley’s Cruise of the “Curacoa,’ p. 426 (1878); Weber &

Beaufort, ¢. c. p. 83.

Depth of body 43 to 5 in the length, length of head 4 i

41. Snout longer than diameter of eye, which is 3% to 4}

the length of “head ; maxillary nearly or quite reaulie

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, ée. 385

vertical from anterior margin of eye. 36 to 40 gill-rakers on

lower part of anterior arch. 42 to 45 scales in a longitudinal,

12 in a transverse series; ventral scutes 16-15+13-15.

Dorsal 17-19. Anal 17-20. Pelvics 8-rayed, in advance of

middle of dorsal.

Indian Ocean and Archipelago.

Six specimens, 105 to 185 mm. in total length, from

Zanzibar, Batavia, Celebes, and Misol, including types of

S. liogastroides and C. pinguis.

14. Sardinella clupeoides.

Amblygaster clupecides, Bleek. Journ. Ind. Arch, 1849, p. 73.

Clupea clupeoides, Giinth. Cat. Fish, vii. p. 425 (1868); Bleek. Atl.

Ichth. vi. p. 103, Clup. pl. xiv. fig. 1 (1872) ; Weber & Beaufort,

Fish. Indo-Austral. Arcbipel. il. p. 63 (1915).

Clupea okinawensis, Kishinouye, Journ. Imp. Fisheries Bureau, Tokyo,

xiv. 1907, p. 96, pl. xix. fig. 2.

Depth of body 32 to 44 in the length, length of head 4 to

4}, Snout as long as or a little longer than diameter of eye,

which is 35 to 4 in length of head ; maxillary not extending

to beloweye. 27 to 31 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. 42 to 44 scales in a longitudinal, 12 in a transverse

series; ventral scutes 16-17+12-14. Dorsal 17-19. Anal

16-18. Pelvics 8-1ayed, nearly below origin of dorsal.

Malay Archipelago to Riu-Kiu Islands,

‘wo specimens, 160 and 230 mm. long, the latter the type

of the species,

OPISTHONEMA, Gill, 1861.

Proc. Acad, Philadelphia, p. 37.

Differs from Sardinella in that the last ray of the dorsal

fin is prolonged into a filament.

Two species from Tropical America.

1. Opisthonema oglinum.

Clupea thrissa (non Linn.), Broussonet, Ichth, fase. 1 (1872); Giinth.

Cat. Fish, vii. p. 482 (1868).

Megalops oglina, Lesueur, J. Ac. Philad. i, 1817, p. 359.

Opisthonema oglinum, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii.

1896, p, 482,

Depth of body 24 to 382 in the length, length of head 4

to 42, Snout as long as or a little longer than diameter of

eye, which is 34 to 4 in length of head; maxillary extending

to below anterior 4 of eye. 65 (young) to 100 gill-rakers on

Jower part of anterior arch, 48 to 50 scales in a longitudinal,

386 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

15 or 16 in a transverse series 3 ventral scutes 17-20 + 13-16.

Dorsal 18-20. Anal 22-25. - Pelvics 8-rayed, a little in

advance of middle of dorsal.

Carolina to Brazil.

Several examples, 85 to 275 mm. in total length.

2. Opisthonema libertatis.

Meletta libertatis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 603.

Clupea libertatis, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 483 (1868).

Opisthonema libertate, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat, Mus. xlvii.

1896, p. 433.

Clupea (Opisthonema) bulleri, Regan, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii.

1904, p. 255.

Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of head 33 to

41, Snout as long as or longer than diameter of eye, which

is 32 to 5 in the length of head; maxillary extending to

below anterior 4 or nearly to middle of eye. 85 (young) to

165 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 48 to 50

scales in a longitudinal, 14 to 16 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 17-19+14-16. Dorsal 17-19. Anal 19-21.

Pelvics 8-rayed, a little in advance of middle of dorsal.

Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America; Galapagos

Islands.

Several examples, 75 to 250 mm. in total length.

HARENGULA, Val. 1847.

Cuy. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 277.

This genus has never been properly distinguished from

Sardinella, but they differ in some important characters.

Tn Sardinella, as in Sardina, the two last rays of the anal

fin are enlarged and the transverse grooves on the scales are

paired, their inner ends separated by an interspace. In

Harengula the posterior anal rays are equal and the trans-

verse grooves on the scales are continuous; moreover, the -

lower jaw is more prominent and the sheath at the base of

the dorsal fin is lower than in Sardinella. I count 39 ver-

tebrein H. dispilonotus, 40 in H. maculosa and H. castelnaut,

41 in A. pensacola, 42 in H. schrammi, 43 im L/, zunast, 43

or 44 in H. macrophthalma, and 44 in H. punctata.

Like Sardinella, this genus occurs in the tropical Indo-

Pacific; but whereas Sardinella has four West African and

Mediterranean and only one Antillean species, Harengula

has four species on the coasts of Tropical America, but is

absent from the eastern Atlantic,

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, &c. 387

The species are mostly smaller and of less economic value

than those of Sardinel/a, and some of them are reputed

poisonous [cf. Cuv. & Val. xx. p. 295 (H. humeralis=ma-

crophthalma) and p. 377 (Meletta venenosa= H. punctata)].

Synopsis of the Species.

I. American.

A. 27 to 33 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

I. Depth of operculum 2, diameter of eye 22 to 3 in length of

head; depth of body 3 to 33 in the length.

1. maculosa.

11. Depth of operculum more than 3} length of head, diameter of

eye 3 to 33,in length of head.

Anal of 16-19 rays. Depth 3-32 in the length,

Henle teeta Raa eet aso sips. cin step: ome si ape'e whee 2. macrophthalma.

Anal of 15 rays. Depth 2% (-33) in the length,

BAM wala MANTIS wrshalt Ad wth viccatde Gade 3. thrissina.

B. 33 to 36 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch; depth of

operculum 3 to 3 length of head; eye 22 to 3 in head; depth

of body 22 to 23 inthe length .....;.. 4, pensacole.

II, Indo-Pacific.

A. 35 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; 36 to 38 scales in

Bi Lomi HOTA Y SETIOS. ie. k ve age cee ye 5. dispilonotus.

B. 30 to 34 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; 40 to 45 scales

in a longitudinal series,

Depth of body 22 in the length ................ 6. koningsberger?.

Depth of body 83 to 4 in the length, length of head

33 to 4; eye 3 to 33 in length of head...... 7. punctata.

Depth of body 4 to 44 in the length, length of head

4 to 42; eye 33 to 82 in length of head .... 8, schrammi.

C. More than 40 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch,

1. Depth of body 23 to 3} in length; eye 3 in length of head;

45 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

9. castelnaut.

2. Depth of body 3 to 4 in length; eye 33 to 32 in length of head,

About 50 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ;

40 to 42 scales in a longitudinal series; ends

of caudal lobesblackish . 1... . 6.4 cece wees 10. wittata,

“About 50 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ;

44 to 46 scales in a longitudinal series;

caudal fin uniform +). oe a Apel 11. zunas?.

70 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch .... 12. nymphea.

1. Harengula maculosa.

Harengula maculosa, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss, xx. 1847, p. 292,

Alosa apicalis, Mull, & Trosch. in Schomburgk, Hist. Barbadoes, p. 678

(1848).

Harengula jaguana, Poey, Rep. i. p. 190 (1866).

Clupea macrophthaima, Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 421,

388 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

Sardinella sardina, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896;

p. 480,

Sardinella macrophthalmus, Jord. & Everm, 1. ¢.

Depth of body 3 to 3} in the length, length of head 3} to

34. Snout shorter than or nearly as long as diameter’ of eye,

which is 22 to 3 in the length ot head and greater than its

distance from lower edge of preeoperculum; maxillary ex-

tending to below anterior part or middle of eye; depth of

operculum 3 length of head. 27 to 33 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. About 40 scales in a longitudinal and

11 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes 15-17+10-12.

Dorsal 17-19. Anal 17-19. Pelvics 8-rayed, below middle

of dorsal. Anterior part of dorsal blackish superiorly.

Vertebree 40.

Several examples, 90 to 200 mm. in total length, from

Florida, the Bermudas, and the West Indies.

2. Harengula macrophthalmus.

Clupea macrophthalma, Ranzani, Noy. Com. Ac. Se. Inst. Bonon. y.

1842, p. 820, pl. xxiii.

Harengula latulus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p, 280, pl. 595

(1847).

Harengula clupeola, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 289.

Harengula humeralis, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 298.

Alosa striata, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 429. |

Alosa bishopt, Mill, & Trosch. in Schomburgk, Hist. Barbadoes, p. 675

(1848).

“= Harengula sardina, Poey, Mem. ii. p. 310 (1860).

868).

Clupea humeralis (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 422 (1

3. Nat. Mus, xlvii.

Sardinella humeralis (part.), Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.}

1896, p. 431.

Depth of body 3 to 32 in the length, length of head 33 to

32. Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 33 in

the length of head and not greater than its distance from

lower edge of preeoperculum ; maxillary extending to below

anterior 4 of eye or beyond ; depth of operculum more than

4 length of head. 29 to 33 gill-rakers on lower part of

anterior arch. About 42 scales in a longitudinal and 11 ina

transverse series; ventral scutes 16-19+12-14. Dorsal

16-19. Anal 16-19. Pelvics 8-rayed, below middle of

dorsal. A dark humeral spot. Vertebra 43-44.

Atlantic coast of Tropical America®.

Numeious examples, 80 to 130 mm. in total length, from

Florida, the West Indies, Fernando Noronha, and Bahia.

* Valenciennes described H. latula as a European species; it is

probable that this was a mistake, although it is not impossible that the

species, may cross the Atlantic.

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, &e. 389

3. Harengula thrissina.

Clupea thrissina, Jord. & Gilb. Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, p. 353.

Sardinella thrissina, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896,

p- 480.

Depth of body 23 (-34) in the length, length of head 33.

Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye, W hich is 31 in the

Jength of head and rather less than its distance from lower

edge of preeoperculum ; maxillary extending a little beyond

anterior 4 of eye ; depth of operculum more than 2 length of

head. 30 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 40

scales in a fon gitudinal and 12 ina transverse series ; ventral

scutes 18+ 11. (16+13). Dorsal 17. Anal 15. Pelvies

8-rayed, below middle of dorsal. A dark humeral spot.

Pacific coast of Mexico.

A single specimen, 115 mm. in total length, from Jalisco.

Harengula pensacole.

Clupea humeralis (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 422 (1868).

Harengula pensacole, Goode & Bean, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, p. 152.

Sardinella humeralis (part.), Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. xlvii.

1896, p. 431.

Sardinella sardina, Jord, & Everm. ¢. ec. 1900, fig. 193.

Depth of body 23 to 22 in the length, length of head 33 to

34%. Snout shorter than diameter of. eye, which is 22 to Pin

length of head and equal to its distance from lower ‘edge of

preoperculum ; maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of

eye or beyond ; depth of operculum % to 2 length of head.

33 to 36 gill-rakers on lower part of ‘anterior arch. About

40 scales in a longitudinal and 11 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 16-17+13. Dorsal 16-18. Anal 16-18.

Pelvics 8-rayed, below middle of dorsal. Vertebra 41.

Four specimens, 80 to 140 1 mm. in total length, from

Florida and Trinidad.

5. Harengula dispilonotus.

Harengula dispilonotus, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. iii, 1852, p. 456,

Clupea dispilonotus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 429 (1868); Bleek. Atl,

Ichth. vi. p. 111, Clup. pl. i, fig. 3 (1872); Weber & Beaufort,

Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. ii, p. 69 (1913).

Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of head 32 to

4. Snout a little aioutce than diameter of eye, which is Ain

the length of head ; maxillary extending to below anterior }

of eye. 369 gill- rakers on lower part of “anterior arch. 36 to

38 scales in a longitudinal, 11 or 12 in a transverse series ;

390 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

ventral scutes 14-16+11-13. Dorsal 18-20. Anal 16-18.

Pelvics below anterior 4 of dorsal. _ A dark spot or ocellus on

back at base of posterior dorsal rays, a second beliind it.

KE. Indian Archipelago.

Six specimens, 75 to 100 mm. in total length, including

the type of tie species.

6. Harengula koningsbergert.

Clupea koningsbergeri, Weber & Beaufort, Verh. Akad. Amsterdam,

xvii. no. 8, 1912, p.14; Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. i. p. 72 (1918).

Depth of body 22 in the length, length of head 33.

Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 22 in length of

head ; maxillary extending to below anterior $ of eye ora

little beyond. 33 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch,

42 scales in a longitudinal and 12 in a transverse series ;

ventral scutes 17-18+11-12. Dorsal 18-19. Anal 20-21.

Pelvics below or a little in advance of middle of dorsal.

A specimen of 115 mm, from N.W. Australia, and one of

75 mm. from New Guinea; the species was described from

the Aru Is.

7. Harengula punctata.

Clupen punctata, Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Fische, p. 78, pl. xxi. fig. 2

(1840).

Clupea quadrimaculata, Riippell, t. ¢. p. 78, pl. xxi. fig. 3.

Sardinella lineolata, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 272 (1847).

Harengula punctata, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 297; Sauvage, Hist. Mada-

gascar Poiss. p. 493 (1891).

Harengula bipunctata, Cuv. & Val. t. e. p. 298.

Melcetta obtusirostris, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 575.

Meletta venenosa, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 877.

Harengula moluccensis, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. iv, 1853, p. 609.

Harengula kunzet, Bleek. id. xii. 1857, p. 209.

Harengula spilurus, Guichenot, in Maillard, He de la Réunion Poiss.

p. 16 (1865) ; Sauvage, op. cit. p. 493, pl. xviii. fig. 3.

Clupea moluccensis, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 427 (1868); Bleek, Atl.

Ichth. vi. p. 107, Clup. pl. v. fig. 2 (1872); Weber & Beaufort,

Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. ii. p. 81 (1918).

Clupea venenosa, Giinth. t. c. p. 449; Weber & Beaufort, ¢. c. p. 77.

Clupea kunzei, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 107, Clup. pl. v. fig. 1 (1872) ;

Day, Fish India, p. 636.

Clupea dubia, Bleek. t. c. p. 108.

‘Harengia stereolepis, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxii. 1897,

. 769.

Chived mizun, Kishinouye, Journ. Imp. Fisheries Bureau, Tokyo, xiv.

1907, p. 98, pl. xx. fig. 3.

Depth of body 3} to 4 in the length, length of head 33 to 4.

Snout as long as or shorter than diamcter of eye, which

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, dec. 391

is 3 to 34 in the length of head, equal to or greater than its

distance from lower edge of preeoperculum ; maxillary ex-

tending to below anterior } of eye or a little beyond ; depth

of operculum about $ length of head. 30 to 34 gill-rakers on

lower part of anterior arch. 42 to 45 scales in a longitudinal,

11 or 12 ina transverse series; ventral scutes 16-20 + f1-14.

Dorsal 17-19. Anal 17-19. Pelvics below or a little in

advance of middle of dorsal. Anterior part of dorsal blackish

superiorly. Vertebra 44.

Tropical Indo-Pacific, from E. Africa to the Paumotu

Archipelago.

Numerous examples, 60 to 130 mm, in total length, in-

cluding the types of Z/. moluccensis and H. kunzet.

8. LHarengula schrammi.

Alosa schrammi, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxii, 1849, Bali, p. 11.

Clupea schrammi, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. vi. p. 109, Clup. pl. xiv. fig. 3

(1872) ; Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral Arch. ii. p. 88 (1918).

Depth of body 4 to 44 in the length, length of head 4 to

45. Snouta little longer than diameter of eye, which is 34

to 33 in the length of head ; maxillary extending to below

anterior 3 of eye. 32 to 34 gill-rakers on lower part of ante-

‘rior arch. About 42 scales in a longitudinal and 12 in a

transverse series ; ventral sentes.17-18+12. Dorsal 18-19.

Anal 18-19. Pelvics 8-rayed, below or a little in advance of

middle of dorsal. Vertebree 42.

Malay Archipelago.

Four specimens, 100 to 115 mm. in total length, from

Misol and Goram ; with these I lave compared the type, a

small fish in bad condition.

9. Harengula castelnau’.

Kowala castenaui, Ogilby, Proe. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxii. 1897,

p. 66.

Depth of body 24 to 3} in the length, length of head about

4, Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in

the length of head; maxillary extending to below anterior 4

or middle of eye. 45 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. 40 to 42 scales in a longitudinal, 12 in a transverse

series ; ventral scutes 16-19+10-13. Dorsal 17-19. Anak

18-21. Pelvics below middle or anterior 4 of dorsal. Tip.

of dorsal and ends of caudal lobes blackish. -

New South Wales.

Nine specimens, 130 to 180 mm. in total length.

392 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Clupeid Fishes

10. Harengula vittata.

Clupeonia vittata, Cuy. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 352 (1847).

Alausa melanurus, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 441.

Clupeonia jussieui, Cuv. & Val. op. cit. pl. 599.

Clupea melanura, Giinth, Cat. Fish. vii. p. 449 (1868); Bleek. Atl,

Ichth. vi. p. 111, Clup. pl. xi. fig. 5 (1872); Weber & Beaufort,

Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. ii. p. 72 (1913).

Harengula vanicoris, Jord. & Seale, Bull. U.S. Bureau Fisheries, xxv.

1906, p. 187.

Clupea rechingeri, Steind. Sitzungsb. Akad, Wien, cxv. 1906, p. 1424.

Depth of body 34 to 33 in the length, length of head 33 to

4, Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 32 to 52 in

the length of head; maxillary extending to below anterior 4

of eye or beyond. 50 gill-rakers on lower part. of anterior

arch. 40 to 42 scales in a longitudinal, 12 in a transverse

series; ventral scutes 17+13. Dorsal 16. Anal 15-19.

Pelvics below anterior } of dorsal. Basal part of caudal

dusky ; ends of lobes blackish. 7

~ Indo-Pacific.

Two specimens, 80 and 90 mm. in total length, from

Celebes and Raiatea.

11. Harengula zunast.

Clupea kowal (non Riipp.), Schleg. Faun. Japon. Poiss. p. 255, pl. vil.

fig. 1 (1846).

Harengula zwnasi, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxvi. 1854, p. 117.

Clupea kowal (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vil. p. 450 (1868).

Clupea zunasi, Giinth. t. c. p. 451; Kishinouye, Journ. Imp. Fisheries

Bureau, Tokyo, xiv. 1907, p. 98, pl. xx. fig. 4.

Depth of body 31 to 34 in the length, length of head 4 to

41. Snout nearly as long as or shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 3} to 32 in the length of head; maxillary extending

to below anterior 3 of eye or beyond. About 50 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. 42 to 46 scales in a longi-

tudinal series, 11 or 12 in a transverse series; ventral scutes

17-20+11-15. Dorsal 17-19. Anal 17-20. — Pelvies .

below anterior 4 of dorsal.

China, Corea, and Southern Japan.

Several specimens, 90 to 140 mm. in total length, from

Amoy, China, and from Japan.

12. Harengula nymphea.

Clupea nymphea, Richards, Ichthyol. China, p. 804 (1848); Ginth.

Cat. Fish. vii. p. 428 (1868).

Depth of body 3} in the length, length of head 4, Snout

of the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, dc. 393

as long as diameter of eye, which is 34in fae length of head ;

maxillary extending to below anterior + of eye. 70 ell.

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. About 40 scales in a

Jongitudinal and 13 in a transverse series; ventral scutes

18+11. Dorsal 17. Anal20. Pelvies 8-rayed, a little in

advance of middle of dorsal.

China.

Here described from the type, 120 mm. in total length.

Lite, Jordan & Evermann, 1896.

Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. p. 429.

This genus is close to Harengula, but is distinguished by

the well-defined bluish-silvery lateral band and by ‘the absence

of scales on the lobes of the caudal fin. The dermal fold on

the edge of the cleithrum described in Sardinella, which is

developed to a greater or Jess extent in Harengula, is absent

‘in this genus.

Three species from America.

1. Lile stohifera.

Clupea stolifera, Jord. & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, p. 339.

Sardinella stolifera, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896,

p- 431, and 1900, fig. 194.

Depth of body 31 to 4 in the length, length of head 4}

to 43. Diameter of eye 3 in length of head; maxillary

extending to below anterior + of eye. 36 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. About 40 scales in a longitudinal, 10

or 11 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes 16-18+10-12.

Dorsal 15-17 ; origin nearer to end of snout than to base of

caudal. Anal 16-19. Pelvics 8- rayed, below anterior rays

of dorsal. A silvery lateral band; ends of caudal lobes

blackish. Vertebree 40 (42).

Pacific coast of Mexico.

Hight specimens, 90 to 100 mm. long.

2. Lile piquitinga.

Sardinella piquitinga, Schreiner & Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Rio Janeiro,

xii. 1903, p. 72.

Depth of body about 34 in the length, length of head 33

to 4. Diameter of eye 22 in length of head; maxillary

extending to below anterior + of eye. 33 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. About 40 scales in a longitudinal and

10 in a transverse series; ventral scutes }<17+ 10-11,

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser, 8. Vol, xix. 26

394 On the Genera Sardinella, Harengula, d&c.

Dorsal 15-18; origin nearer end of snout than base of caudal.

Anal 17-19. Pelvics 8-rayed, below anterior part of dorsal.

A silvery lateral band. . Vertebree 40. .

Coast of Brazil.

Three specimens, 80-90 mm. long, from Pernambuco.

3. Lile platana, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 in the length, length of head 4. Diameter

of eye 3 in length of head; maxillary extending to below

anterior + of eye; 23 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. About 40 scales in a longitudinal series; ventral

scutes 18+10.. Dorsal 14; origin equidistant from end of

snout and base of caudal. Anal 18. Pelvics below origin of

dorsal. A silvery lateral band.

La Plata.

A single specimen of 45 mm.

HERINGIA.

Heringia, Fowler, Proc. Acad. Philadelphia, 1xiii. 1911, p. 207.

Rhinosardinia, Kigenmann, Mem. Carnegie Mus. v. 1912, p. 445.

Form moderately elongate, strongly compressed ; abdomen

sharp-edged. Mouth small, toothless; lower jaw rather

prominent, upper without distinct notch; maxillary with a

retrorse spine near its proximal end; 2 supramaxillaries.

Operculum smooth ; suboperculum rounded. Dorsal median,

of 13 to 15 rays, without scaly sheath ; anal of 15 to 17 rays,

with a low scaly sheath; caudal forked, scaly at base, without

alar scales. Pelvics 8-rayed, a little in advance of dorsal.

38 to 40 scales in a longitudinal, 9 or 10 in a transverse

series ; each scale crossed by a transverse groove, from which

2 (fewer anteriorly, more posteriorly) run backwards to the

free edge, which is entire. Vertebree 39.

1. Heringia amazonica.

Clupea amazonica, Steind. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wien, lxxx. pt. 1, 1880,

p- 188.

Rhinosardinia serrata, Kigenm. Mem. Carnegie Mus. v. 1912, p. 445,

pl. Ixil. figs. 3, 4.

Depth 3 to 34 in length, length of head 44 to 5. Diameter .

of eye 3 to 3} in length of head; maxillary extending to

below anterior margin or anterior } of eye. 35 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. 38 to 40 scales in a longi-

tudinal, 9 or 10 in a transverse series ; ventral scutes keeled

oer

On new Weevils from India. 395

and pointed, 16-17+10-11. Dorsal 13-15 ; origin nearer

end of snout than base of caudal. Anal 15-17. Pelvics a

little in advance of dorsal. Silvery ; back bluish.

Amazon ; rivers of Guiana.

Four specimens, 60 mm. long, co-types of A. serrata,

from British Guiana.

2. Heringia bahiensis.

Pellonula bahiensis, Steind. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wien, lxxx. 1880, p. 181,

pl. iii. fig. 2.

Sardinella pernambucana, Schreiner & Ribeiro, Arch, Mus. Rio

Janeiro, xii. 1903, p. 72.

Maxillary extending to below anterior } of eye. 42 to 44

scales in a longitudinal series. Dorsal 16-17. Anal 16-18.

A more or less distinct bluish-silvery lateral band.

Joast of Brazil.

This species seems to be scarcely distinct from the preceding,

examples of which also show a faint lateral band in certain

lights.

XXXV.—On new Weevils of the Genus Mecysmoderes from

India. By Guy A. K. MarsHAtt, D.Sc.

Subfamily CevruorruyNnoHINa.

Mecysmoderes memecylonis, sp. n.*

g. Colour black ; the head with moderately dense seti-

form scales, those in the middle being brown and the others

white ; the pronotum sparsely set with inconspicuous dark

sete, and with a longitudinal patch of transverse white sete

on the anterior half on each side; the elytra with a longi-

tudinal stripe on the first interval bordering the thoracic

spine and composed of small, ovate, overlapping, yellowish-

white scales (the basal half of the stripe usually brownish),

being continued behind the spine as a double row of elongate

brown scales, partly replaced by white ones near the apex ;

the remaining intervals each bear a single row of similar

brown scales, with a few white ones here and there, except

along the immediate base, where all the scales are white; the

* The types of all the species described here are in the British

Museum. :

26*

396 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

lower surface fairly closely covered with separated white

scales throughout.

Head minutely shagreened, with an indistinct network of

raised lines and a strong longitudinal carina on the vertex ;

the forehead only slightly depressed below the level of the

eyes and with a faint central carina. Rostrum moderately

stout, very slightly widened from the middle to the apex; the

basal half shagreened, with a well-marked central carina and

another on each side of it, the apical half shining in the

middle and with several rows of very shallow punctures at

the sides. Antenne with the scape sharply pointed at the

apex; the funicle with joint 1 about as long as 2 and twice

as thick, 3 a trifle longer than 2, 4 shorter than 2, and 5 and

6 shorter still and bead-like, 5 as long as broad, 6 transverse.

Prothorax very strongly and regularly convex transversely,

the sides about equal to half the basal margin, almost straight

and with a moderate apical constriction, the front margin

produced into a sharp obtuse angle in the middle, the basal

spine very long (more than one-third the length of the elytra),

the basal margin forming on each side an angle of about 75°

with the main axis ; the upper surface finely shagreened and

dull, with a strong complete central carina and a large-meshed

reticulation of fine raised lines, without any conspicuous

depressions ; the dorsal outline moderately curved, sloping

gradually from the base to one-third, and thence much more

steeply. lytra about as long as their united width at the

shoulders and very broadly rounded behind, the humeral

slope forming an angle of about 45° with the suture; thie

strie broad, shining, and deeply punctate, the intervals.

rather narrower, carinate and minutely granulate; the dorsal

outline convex, deepest before the middle, sloping gradually

to the base and more steeply behind. Legs black, clothed

with separated setiform white scales, the tarsi piceous ; all

the femora with a sharp tooth, the dorsal apical fringe of the

hind tibia longer than the first tarsal joint, the claws unusually

small, Sternum: the space between the front coxee as broad

as the rostrum; the meso- and metasternum broadly exca-

vated, the end of the furrow sloping gradually up to the base

of the metasternum, and the mesosternum being almost

horizontal.

Length 13-14, breadth 1}-1} mm.

Mysore: Madhavgiri, on leaves of Memecylon umbellatum

(H. Mann, Pusa Coll.). Assam: Sylhet (type).

Allied to M. nigrorufa, Mots., but, apart from its red-

brown colouring, distinctly narrower form, and unarmed

femora, that species has the prothorax much more finely

new Weevils from India, 397

reticulate, its dorsal outline being almost flat, the front

margin rounded, and the central carina flattened; the elytra

bear a single row of white scales on the first interval behind

the thoracic spine, and the other intervals are set with

irregular minute dark sete; and the metasternum is only

mecylonis is very similar to that of MZ. carinata, Fst., but in

the latter the margins of the apex are overhanging.

Mecysmoderes verrucosa, sp. 0.

3. Black or brownish black, shining and sparsely set with

very short recumbent white sete ; the elytra with an elongate

patch of brown scales along each side of the thoracic spine ;

the tarsi testaceous.

Head unevenly reticulate, with a well-marked central

carina running from the vertex to the edge of the interocular

depression. ostrum stout, about as long as the front femur,

gradually widening from base to apex, somewhat compressed,

the greatest depth exceeding the width, the dorsal outline

strongly curved, but with a depression at the base and a deep

sinuation in the middle ; the upper surface rugosely punctate,

with a strong central carina (obsolete in the median depres-

sion and ceasing a little behind the insertion of the antenne)

and two finer irregular ones on each side. Antenne with the

apex of the scape not produced into a sharp point; the

funicle with the two basal joints equal in length, 3 rather

shorter, 4 again much shorter, 5 and 6 bead-like. Prothorax

with the sides about as long as half the basal margin, slightly

rounded in the posterior half, abruptly narrowed in front, the

apical constriction being broad and collar-like, the front

margin rounded dorsally and slightly produced in the middle ;

the whole of the central portion of the disk is raised into a

large boss-like prominence, the top of which bears an elevation

on each side, the space between them being longitudinally

flattened; the upper surface is coarsely reticulate, with-a

sharp central carina running from the apical edge to the tip

of the basal spine, and on each side of it on the apical collar

is another sharp carina—these being convergent behind in

the type and parallel in a second specimen. Lilyéra about as

long as their width at the shoulders, which are very promi-

nent and rounded, the humeral slope forming an angle of

about 70° with the main axis; the strie broad and shallow, —

rather sinuous, much more irregular than usual, and con-

taining very unequal punctures, the intervals very uneven,

bearing elongate tubercles and set with scattered minute

398 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

granules ; the more conspicuous tubercles are situated as

follows :—interval 2 with a small one at the top of the de-

clivity, on interval 3 a small one near the base and a very

large one near the middie, on interval 5 a large one near the

base and a small one close behind it, on interval 7 a medium

one near the shoulder and another about the middle, on

interval 9 a large one about the middle, and a large one just

behind the shoulder on interval 10; near the apex a trans-

verse row of tubercles on intervals 8-7, those on 5 and 6

being elongate and the others short ; behind these is a broad

transverse impression. Legs rather long, with scattered

recumbent short white sete ; the femora rugosely punctured,

armed with a stout tooth, and transversely impressed exter-

nally near the apex ; the tibiz rather slender, scarcely dilated

at the apex and there clothed externally with golden-brown

hairs, which form a dorsal fringe hardly as long as the first

tarsal joint. Sternum: the mesosternum sloping very steeply

and very shallowly impressed in the middle to receive the

apex of the rostrum, the metasternum not excavated, and the

space between the front coxze as wide as the rostrum.

Length 24-33, breadth 2-23 mm.

AssaM: Patkai Hills (W. Doherty).

A strikingly distinct species.

Mecysmoderes metasternalis, sp. n.

3. -Colour varying from black to red-brown, variegated

with brown, yellowish and white scales or sete; the head

with fairly dense narrow white scales; the prothorax with the

entire sides and lower surface bearing close whitish scales

and setee, a triangular patch of white sete on the apical third

of the median area (its base on the front margin), and some

pale setee on each side of the basal third of the central carina,

thus leaving a broad, roughly X-shaped, bare discal patch ;

the elytra with a very long raised stripe of scales on each

side of the thoracic spine extending for more than half

their length, the basal two-thirds being very dark brown, the

apical third whitish ; these scales are very closely packed and

obliquely raised or almost erect; a large lanceolate sub-

humeral patch of dense whitish scales (continuous with

similar scaling on the whole lower surface), the inner edge of

which reaches the sixth stria at the base and extends obliquely

backwards to nearly the middle of the lateral margin ; the

apical margin and the posterior half of the lateral margin

with an irregular edging of white scales, and a row of

yellowish scales on the basal fourth of the second interval ;

new Weevils from India. 399

the rest of the elytra clothed with dark brown scales varie-

gated with narrower light brown and white scales, and with

a conspicuous spot of broader white scales before the middle

on the eighth interval.

Head with the inner edge of the eyes strongly raised above

the general level; the forehead very narrow, not broader than

the antennal club, and broadly impressed behind ; the vertex

rugosely punctured, with a well-marked central carina and

densely clothed with elongate pale scales. Rostrum piceous

black, with the extreme apex reddish; long, slender, and

cylindrical, extending beyond the middle of the metasternum ;

rather dull and very finely aciculate, with two short indistinct

furrows on each side at the base, and no central carina; the

punctures indistinct at the base, shallow and widely separated

for most of the length, and deeper near the apex. Antenne

testaceous ; the scape without any apical process ; the three

basal joints of the funicle subequal in length, joints 4 and 5

a little longer than broad, 6almost globular. Prothorax with

the basal spine very long, about as long as the prothorax,

and extending along nearly two-thirds of the elytral suture ;

the sides (viewed vertically) almost straight and shorter than

half the basal margin ; the front margin somewhat produced

dorsally, the produced portion elevated and truncate in the

middle, so that when seen from in front it appears as a flat-

tened triangle ; the upper surface covered with large irregular

reticulate punctures, the median area raised and strongly

compressed in the anterior half, being bounded by a sharp

carina on each side to about the middle, the central carina

well-marked throughout ; the dorsal outline distinctly convex

and deepest about the middle ; the scales on the sides of the

prothorax are mostly setiform, but there is a patch of much

broader scales just below the outer carina and another patch

some distance below that. lytra about as long as broad ;

the striz broad and deep, with large punctures and without

rows of scales, except in the first stria; the intervals some-

what broader than the striz and irregularly granulate ; the

scales on the greater part of the surface are small, narrow,

parallel-sided, and truncate at the tip, but those in the raised

patch along the suture, in the basal stripe on interval 2, the

subhumeral patch, and the white border are broader and

elliptical in shape. Legs piceous, the tarsi paler; the femora

densely clothed with broad pale scales and all with a strong

tooth ; the dorsal apical fringe of the posterior tibie much

longer than the first tarsal joint. Sternum with the front

coxe widely separated; the mesosternum almost horizontal

and broadly and shallowly impressed; the metasternum with

400 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

a broad and deep furrow throughout, which is quite open at

the posterior margin.

Length 23, breadth 2mm.

Burma: Tavoy, Tenasserim (W. Doherty).

The most striking features of this species are the structure

of the front margin of the pronotum, the very long pro-

thoracic spine, the elevated sutural scales on the elytra, and

the open continuous furrow on the metasteraum.

Mecysmoderes subhumeralis, sp. n.

¢. Colour varying from piceous black to red-brown, the

upper surface sparsely clothed with yellowish hair-like

scales; the sutural patch of scales on the elytra extending

for about one-third of their length, the basal two-thirds of

the patch being black and the apical third whitish; on the

seventh interval of the elytra there is a small] spot of white

scales before the middle; the lower surface sparsely clothed

with pale scales, except for a dense patch on the upper half

of the mesosternal epimeron.

Head reticulate, the central carina continued well on to

the forehead, which is almost as broad as the base of the

rostrum and strongly impressed. Jtostrum short and very

stout, hardly longer than the front femur and only just

reaching the metasternum, parallel-sided in the basal two-

thirds, slightly wider at the apex, its dorsal outline strongly

convex, and its depth greater than its width in the middle;

the upper surface with indistinct confluent punctation, a

strong central carina for three-fourths its length, and a less

distinct lateral one. Antenne testaceous ; the scape without

an apical process ; the funicle with joints 1 and 2 subequal,

3 distinctly shorter, 4 longer than broad, 5 and 6 subglobular.

Prothorax with the sides equal to half the basal margin,

straight from the base to beyond the middle and then rather

abruptly constricted; the basal margin more nearly trans-

verse than in most species, the spine short, about one-fourth

the length of the suture; the front edge truncate dorsally and

narrowly marginate ; the whole discal area forming a rounded

elevation laterally compressed in the anterior half, irregularly

and unequally reticulate, with a strong and complete central

carina, on each side of it in the front half a short carina that

does not reach the margin, and beyond this another irregular

sinuate one that does reach the margin. Llytra about as

long as their greatest width, the striz broad and deep, with

separated punctures and each with a single row of distant

minute white sete ; the intervals costate and scarcely broader

new Weevils from India. 401

than the strize, each with a row of small granules bearing

short recumbent sete and some scattered yellowish hair-like

scales (especially in the basal half). Legs piceous, with the

tarsi paler ; the femora rugosely subgranulate, with sparse

whitish hair-like scales and each with a small tooth; the

dorsal apical fringe of the hind tibia not longer than the

first tarsal joint. Sternum with the front coxa widely

separated, but not enough to receive the whole rostrum ; the

mesosternum not impressed and sloping steeply ; the meta-

sternum simple. ;

Length 2?, breadth 12 mm.

ASSAM: Patkai Hills (W. Doherty, type) ; Sudiya

(Doherty).

Very similar superficially to 1M. memecylonis, sp.n., but

differing markedly in the structure of the sternum, non-

angulate front margin of the prothorax, short thoracic spine,

short third funicular joint, setigerous elytral strie, etc.

Mecysmoderes pusio, sp. n.

$ ¢. Colour piceous, with greyish-white scaling, the

rostrum and tarsi often paler; the scales on the head are

narrow and fairly dense ; on the pronotum they are more

hair-like and sparser on the disk, being shorter and denser at

the sides and margins and in the central furrow ; on the

elytra there is a short stripe of almost circular small scales on

the basal fourth of the first interval, the remaining intervals

each bearing a single regular row of very narrow and short

scales, except on intervals 9 and 10, at the bases of 3 and 5,

and on the humeral callus, where the scales are duplicated or

more numerous ; on the lower surface the scales are larger,

oval, and fairly close, but usually not quite contiguous.

Head shagreened and shallowly reticulate, with an in-

distinct central. carina on the vertex only, the forehead

shallowly impressed and broader than the club of the an-

tenna. Rostrum long, slender, and cylindrical, not quite

reaching the hind margin of the metasternum (d) or ex-

tending slightly beyond it (2); very faintly tricarinate in

the basal part, the more shining apical area with indistinct

shallow separated punctures. Antenne testaceous, the scape

with a short apical pointed process, the funicle with the two

basal joints subequal, the third slightly longer. Prothorax

with the sides about as long as half the basal margin, scarcely

rounded and very shallowly constricted at the apex; the

basal margin nearly transverse externally, the central spine

short, only about one-eighth the length of the suture, the

402 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

apical margin truncate dorsally ; the upper surface moderately

convex, with well-marked carinate reticulations, except on

the apical collar, a broad shallow central furrow from the

collar to beyond the middle, containing a deep rounded fovea

in front and changing near the base into a low carina that

runs on to the spine. Hilytra about as long as their greatest

breadth, the striz very broad, with deep separated punctures

and quite bare, the intervals subcarinate, each with a row of

spaced setigerous granules. Legs piceous, with the tarsi

paler, clothed with separated, long, narrow, pale scales ; the

femora with a minute tooth, which is situated much lower

down than usual, being about in the middle of the limb and

partly concealed by scales; the dorsal apical fringe of the

hind tibize hardly as long as the first tarsal joint. Sternum

with the front coxee widely separated for the reception of the

rostrum ; the mesosternum broadly and deeply excavated,

almost horizontal in the middle; the metasternum with a

broad central furrow throughout, which is not enclosed

behind.

Length 13, breadth 1,4, mm.

Burma: ‘Tavoy, Tenasserim (W. Doherty).

Very similar to M. carinatus, Fst., in which the thorax

is of quite the same type and the sculpturing of the elytra is

similar ; but that species differs markedly in its metasternum,

which has a deep overhanging excavation in its anterior part

only, the femora have no tooth, there is no carina on the

head, etc.

Mecysmoderes pectinipes, sp. n.

Colour black, variegated with grey and brown sete and

scales; the prothorax clothed above with recumbent sete

only, the brown ones being more numerous on the disk ; the

elytra with a sutural stripe of dense whitish scales extending

for more than one-third of the suture, the remaining intervals

bearing linear scales (not less than two, and more often three

deep), which are grey at the base and mostly dark brown

elsewhere, variegated here and there with grey scales; the

lower surface rather densely clothed with broad whitish

scales. Immature specimens are sometimes testaceous, with

the thoracic carina and spine black; and various intergrades

occur between this and the black mature form.

Head with coarse close confluent punctation, the central

carina indistinct or absent, the forehead not at all impressed.

Rostrum black, with the apex reddish; as long as the front

new Weevils from India. 403

femur (¢) or a little longer ( 2 ), cylindrical, slightly tapering

to the apex from the insertion of the antenne ; the upper

surface without any distinct carine, but closely and con-

fluently punctate from the base to the antennw, beyond which

the punctures are finer and isolated, especially in the ¢.

Antenne testaceous ; the scape without any apical process ;

the funicle with joints 1 and 2 subequal, 3 shorter, 4-6 bead-

like. Prothorax with the sides gently rounded and each

about as long as half the basal margin, the apical constriction

slight; the basal spine nearly one-third the length of the

suture, the apical dorsal margin feebly angulate in the

middle; the upper surface is regularly and gently convex,

without elevations or depressions, evenly set with longitu-

dinally confluent punctures, with a low, broad, complete

central carina and a fine, short, apical one at some distance on

each side of it ; the dorsal outline almost flat, deepest near

the base, and sloping forwards. Llytra as long as their

greatest width, the striz broad and deep, and containing

single rows of narrow scales; the intervals evidently broader

than the strie, flat, and closely and strongly punctate. Legs

black, with the tarsi red-brown, rather thinly clothed with

narrow pale scales ; the femora with a stout tooth; all the

tibize strongly dilated at the apex, which bears a double row

of stout testaceous spines instead of the usual bristles.

Sternum with the front coxze so narrowly separated that the

rostrum cannot lie between them; the mesosternum almost

vertical and not impressed; the metasternum simple.

Length 22-3}, breadth 13-2 mm.

Manpras: Nilgiri Hills (A. LZ. Andrewes).

A very distinct species on account of its dilated and pecti-

nate tibiz, closely approximated front coxz, and unimpressed

forehead. .

Mecysmoderes tenutrostris, sp. n.

@. Colour reddish brown above, with the head, the

thoracic carina and spine, and the basal margin of the elytra

blackish ; the head and pronotum with rather sparse yellowish

sete, the latter with a small patch of ovate whitish scales on

each side before the middle just below the outer carina; the

elytra with the sutural stripe of ovate scales extending over

nearly half the suture, the scales being blackish except for a

short distance at the apex, where they are whitish ; a few

ovate whitish scales at the base of interval 2 and near the

apex of the suture, the rest of the intervals being clothed

404 On new Weevils from India.

(usually about three deep) with intermingled yellowish and

blackish narrow setiform scales ; the lower surface blackish

(except the prosternum, which is reddish) and densely clothed

with broad ovate whitish scales except on the mesepimeron,

the lateral lobe of the mesosternum, and the front half of the

metepisternum, where the scales are markedly narrower and

have a brownish tinge.

Head coarsely and confluently punctate, with a carina on

the vertex; the forehead strongly depressed, very broad

behind, and narrowing in front to the width of the rostrum.

Rostrum extremely long and slender, cylindrical and mode-

rately curved, reaching to the hind margin of the first ventral

segment ; a smooth central line on the basal third and rows

of punctures on each side of it, the apical area smooth

and impunctate. -Antennw testaceous brown, inserted behind

the middle of the rostrum ; the scape without any apical

process ; the funicle with joints 1 and 3 subequal, 2 markedly

longer, 4 much longer than broad, 5 and 6 globular. Pro-

thorax with the sides as long as half the basal margin, gently

rounded and rather broadly constricted at the apex, the apical

margin being truncate (as seen from above), but raised in the

middle so as to form a vertical angle; the basal margin rather

less oblique on each side than usual, the spine very long and

slender, extending nearly for one-half the suture ; the upper

surface not very convex, coarsely and subreticulately punctate,

with a well-marked and complete central carina, and a promi-

nent carina on each side of it in the anterior half, below

which the sides are compressed. Jilytra as long as their

greatest width, the strice deep but not broad, each containing

a row of spaced yellowish scales; the intervals evidently

broader than the striz, flat, and coarsely punctate. Legs

rather long and slender, clothed with separated yellowish

setiform scales ; the femora with a stout tooth ; the dorsal

apical fringe of the hind tibie not longer than the first tarsal

joint. ,Sternum with the front coxee moderately widely sepa-

rated; the mesosternum quite flat and almost vertical ; the

metasternum simple.

Length 22-24, breadth 14-2 mm.

Mapras: Nilgiri Hills (1. L. Andrewes).

Differs from all the Indian species known to me by its

very long and slender rostrum ; the unusual length of the

second joint of the funicle is also noteworthy.

On a new Holothurian from Bermuda. 405

XXXVI.—Oecurrence of a Holothurian new to the Fauna of

Bermuda. By W. J. Crozier.

(Contributions from the Bermuda Biological Station for

Research.—No. 61.)

THe West-Indian affinities of the Bermudan fauna and flora

(Britton, 1912, p. 193) have been evident to every student

of these regions ; yet, as Pilsbry (1900, p. 494) remarks in

considering the Pulmonates, there is “ abundant evidence of

what we call chance, or the rigorous selective action of an

over-sea journey, in the Bermudian assemblage.” Con-

tinued collecting is disclosing further additions to the marine

population in the shape of species identical with well-known

West-Indian forms *. Inone such case, which is the subject

of this note, it seems to me that the addition may legiti-

mately be considered as of recent date.

The pedate Holothurians of Bermuda waters have been

collected ever since 1888 by Heilprin, Verrill, Clark (1901),

and others. Each of the five species previously reported

(Cucumaria punctata, Stichopus mobbii, Holothuria surinam-

ensis, H. captiva, and H. rathbuni) is well represented in

the West-Indian area. Certain conspicuous Antillean types

have, however, been lacking in the Bermudan collections ;

Actinopyga and several species of Holothuria are in this

category T.

I have had oceasion to examine with care several thousand

specimens of Stichopus mébii, Semp.—with which, on super-

ficial examination, Actinopyga might conceivably be con-

fused,—and have, indeed, given particular attention to Holo-

thurians collected at many points in Bermuda, No unusual

specimens were observed until July 3, 1916, when there was

secured from a depth of about 6 feet beneath low water, in

the channel entrance to Hungry Bay (on the exposed south

* Among the Enteropneusta, for example, of which an illustrated

account is in course of preparation, at least two of the four or more

species which I have found occur also in the Bahamas and at Jamaica,

as well (probably) as at other stations in the West Indies.

+ Of the five apodous species found here (Clark, 1907), only two.

(Chirodota rovifera and Synaptula hydriformis) are typically West-

Indian, while two others (Leptosynapta inherens and L. roseola) are

northern forms ; the remaining one (L. acanthia) appears to be peculiar

to the Bermudas.

406 On a new Holothurian from Bermuda.

shore), an individual which was at once seen to be peculiar.

The Holothurian was about 25 em. in length, and of a deep

yellowish-brown colour, unmarked by spots of any other

hue. Anal teeth were particularly prominent, and the pedi-

ciles and ventral surface were tinged with greenish pigment,

such as one is accustomed to see in Holothuria captiva and in

FH]. surinamensis (Crozier, 1915, p. 274). Stichopus has no

anal teeth, and totally lacks this green pigment. The speci-

men was unfortunately lost before detailed examination could

be given it. Attempts to discover an -additional example

have thus far been fruitless.

The single specimen observed has, however, considerable

z00-geographical interest. It seems probable, from the

external characters above mentioned, that it isan Actinopyga,

presumably A. agasstzi (Selenka) *, which is known from

the Bahamas, Florida, Tortugas, Barbadoes, Jamaica, and

Hayti (Sluiter, 1910). The inference seems fair that it

represents a recent arrivalin Bermudan waters, since previous

extensive and detailed collecting has failed to reveal its

presence, and since only a single specimen has been found.

Concerning the method whereby, on this assumption, it came

to Bermuda, one can only speculate. It may have been

transported either (as a larva) by ocean currents or (as an

adult) upon the bottom of a vessel. The latter seems the

less probable.

References.

Britton, N. L. 1912. “Botanical Exploration in Bermuda,” Journ.

N.Y. Bot. Gard. vol, xiii. pp. 189-194, 5 pl.

Crark, H. L. 1901. ‘ Bermudan Echinoderms.—A Report on Obser-

vations and Collections made in 1899,” Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.

vol. xxix. pp. 339-545,

——. 1907. “The Apodons Holothurians: a Monograph of the

Synaptide and Molpadide,’ Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl.

vol. xxxv. 231 pp., 18 pl.

Crozigr, W. J. 1915, ‘“ The Sensory Reactions of Holothuria surimam-

ensis, Ludwig,” Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Physiol. Bd. xxxv. pp. 233-297.

Piuspry, H. A. 1900. “The Air-breathing Mollusks of the Ber-

mudas,” Trans. Conn, Acad. Arts & Sci. vol. x. pp. 491-509,

1. 62.

Suppl. 11, pp. 831-342.

* IT am indebted to Dr. H. L. Clark for a suggestion regarding the

probable identity of the specimen.

On a new Lizard and Two new Frogs. 407

XXXVII.— Descriptions of a new Lizard and Two new Frogs

discovered in West Africa by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. By

G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Lygosoma spurrelli.

Section Hmoa. Habit lacertiform ; the distance between

the end of the snout and the fore limb is contained once and

two-fifths in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout

short, obtuse. Lower eyelid with an undivided transparent

disk. Supranasals very small; frontonasal broader than

long, forming a very broad suture with the rostral and

narrowly in contact with the frontal, which is as long as the

frontoparietals; frontoparietals and interparietal distinct,

latter smaller; four supraoculars ; seven superciliaries ; sixth

upper labial largest and below the eye. LHar-opening mode-

‘ rately large, vertically oval, without lobules anteriorly. 30

smooth scales round the middle of the body, ventrals largest.

Marginal preanals not enlarged. The hind limb does not

reach the axilla. Digits rather short, feebly compressed ;

subdigital lamelle obtusely keeled, 13 under the fourth toe.

Tail once and a half the length of head and body, gradually

tapering from the base. Dark reddish brown above, nape,

back, and limbs with numerous small black and yellow spots ;

a blackish lateral streak from the nostril, through the eye, to

the base of the tail ; sides pale brown, without spots; lower

parts yellowish white.

mm,

HHO CHOUbL COVEN Ut) aerate arcaeushuve uedeyer 48

s * HORG UTD 62 onsen ol cai 17

IE CAGR AMS KBr t Pe Lyte ee sant ere 10

Widthotgheadue Wrais 8. dee eo 8

Hore ‘limb tec ts et h aldn aie on Poe tao 13

ELindblintily® toaae baat tai 18

OO betas o eer eens hetah heels taste eae 8

PRE a tits AN pr aes. iat aly dn Gel wait #et 74

A single specimen from Obuasi, 8. Ashantee.

Closely allied to LZ. breviceps, Peters*, but with fewer

scales round the body.

Rana leonensis.

Vomerine teeth in very short oblique series close to the

anterior corners of the choanze. Head much longer than

* Cf. Boulenger, Ann, Mus. Genova, (38) ii, 1906, p. 206.

408 On a new Lizard and Two new Frogs.

broad ; snout pointed, strongly projecting, once and a half

the length of the eye ; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region

feebly oblique, feebly concave ; nostril nearer the end of the

snout than the eye; interorbital space a little broader than

the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, two-thirds the

diameter of the eye and close to it. Fingers obtuse, first,

second, and fourth equal ; subarticular tubercles moderately

large, moderately prominent. Hind hmb very long, the

tibio-tarsal articulation reaching far beyond the tip of the

snout ; tibia once and two-fifths in length from snout to

vent, longer than the fore limb or the foot. Toes obtuse,

broadly webbed, the web reaching the tips of all except the

fourth, of which the two distal phalanges are free; sub-

articular tubercles moderately large, moderately prominent ;

inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, half the length of the

inner toe; no outer tubercle; no tarsal fold. Skin smooth

above, with six fine, feebly prominent, interrupted glandular

folds along the back; a stronger fold above the temporal

region ; lower parts smooth. Grey above; a whitish line

from the tip of the snout, along the canthus rostralis, to the

eye, continued on the temporal fold ; side of head, including

the tympanum, dark brown, black above, this dark band

continued on the side of the body; limbs with numerous

dark cross-bandss; hinder side of thighs black, variegated

with white ; throatand belly yellow; lower surface of thighs

and of inner side of legs bright pink; plantar surface dark

brown, the web variegated with white. Male with blackish

external vocal sacs, each protruding through a slit measuring

one-third the length of the mandibular ramus and terminating

close to the middle of the base of the arm.

From snout to vent 43 mm.

A single male specimen from Bibianaka, Sierra Leone.

Distinguished trom &. equiplicata, Werner, by the longer

snout, with less oblique and feebly concave loreal region, and

the longer fourth finger ; from R. longiceps, Peters, by the

web not extending to the tip of the fourth toe and the

shorter slit for the vocal sac ; from R. oayrhynchus, Sundev.,

by the well-marked canthus rostralis.

Rappia spurrelli.

Head a little longer than broad ; snout pointed, as long as

the orbit, projecting strongly beyond the mouth ; canthus

rostralis rounded ; loreal region nearly vertical and feebly

concave ; nostril a little nearer the tip of the snout than the

eye; interorbital region a little broader than the upper

eyelid; tympanum hidden. Fingers moderately elongate,

On new Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. 409

free ; disks rather large. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching

the eye; tibia 21 times in length of head and body, con-

siderably longer than the foot ; toes two-thirds webbed, two

phalanges of fourth free; subarticular tubercles small and

feebly prominent. Skin smooth above, granular on the belly

and under the thighs. Reddish brown above, with four

blackish longitudinal streaks; a blackish streak from the

nostril to the eye and a dark brown temporal band ; lower

parts white. Male with a large external subgular vocal sac,

covered by a large round flat disk.

From snout to vent 28 mm.

A single specimen from Obuasi, 8. Ashantee.

Closely allied to R. oxyrhynchus, Blgr., from the Katanga,

but distinguished by the total absence of web between the

fingers and the presence of the gular disk, as well as by the

coloration.

XXXVITI.— New Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera.

By Colonel C. Swinwos, M.A., F.L.S., &e.

Family Lycenide.

Arhopala dascia, nov.

?. Upperside much as in A. ganesa, Moore, but darker

in colour. Underside with the ground-colour greyish white,

markings chocolate-brown; fore wing with a rather broad

medial band from the costa to vein 2, the immediate base of

the wing chocolate-brown, this colour running up the costa

for a short distance, the space between the base and the

median band filled up with fine transverse bands close to

each other, a discal macular band of square spots which

become somewhat diffuse at the hinder angle, the third spot

from the costa placed outwards ; the marginal space dark ;

a double row of lunular marks near the margin: hind wing

with the whole space, with the exception of a large round

patch below the middle of the costa, covered with round spots

(white-edged) on a dark ground, very difficult to describe,

but exactly similar to Watson’s figure, plate A, fig. 6, 2,

Bo. N. H. Soe. x., of a form he likens to A. ganesa, remarking

that it deserves a distinctive name, but Watson’s figure,

like A. ganesa, has no tails, and dascia has tails as in

A. aberrans, Doherty. I cannot but think that Watson’s

figure represents a sp-cimen of dascva with the tails broken

off.

Expanse of wings 1,%, inch.

Hab. Toungoo, Burma.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 8. Vol. xix. 27

410 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new

Family Hesperiide.

Hasora philetas.

Ismene philetas, Plitz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xly. p. 55 (1884), unpublished

plate no. 1159.

Hasora simplicissima, Swinhoe (part.), Trans. Ent. Soc. 1908, p. 34.

Hasora mixta, Fruhstorfer (part.), Iris, 1911, p. 68.

Flab. Philippines.

Fruhstorfer puts philetas as a synonym to mixta, Mab., but

mixta like simplicissima is a Parata, whereas philetas (which

Semper wrongly identified in Rhop. Phil. ),is a Hasora, without

the eae on the fore wing, though the markings are very

similar; I have philetas male from the Philippines which

exactly corresponds with Plotz’s figure.

Notocrypta tobrianda, nov.

&S 2. Somewhat similar to N. alwensis, Swinhoe, Ann. &

Mag. N. H. (7) xx. p. 434 (1907), from the Solomon Islands,

figured in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1908, pl. iii. fig. 11, and

N. wokana, Plétz (from Aru Isl.), Berl. ent. Zeit. xxix.

225 Gee a copy of Plétz’s figure given in the same

plate (fig. 9), but in neither sex are there any dots or any

other ae above or below, there being only the discal

white band of the fore wing which is very much narrower

than in either of the above-named species, is much more

curved, narrows hindwards in the male into a square spot, is

similar in the female, but is of the same width throughout.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 17%, 2 1,8) inch.

Hab. Kiriwini Isl., Tobriand group.

Jetion elia-eburus.

Hesperia eburus, Plotz, Berl. ent, Zeit. xxix. p. 226 (1885), un-=

published plate no. 1373.

Eetion elia-ayankara, Fruhstorfer, Iris, 1911, p. 19.

Hab. Malacca, Perak.

A somewhat vitiable form, though the type form elia, Hew.,

from Sumatra, is fairly constant.

Telicota bambuse kiriwinia, nov.

g. Resembles 7. pythias, Mabille, Pet. Nouve, ti. p. 374

(1878), from Java, Sumatra, and Nias; the markings are

very similar, but the colour is paler ; the fore wing is longer

and the hind wing produced hindwards.

9. Very different from the females of pythias. Upper-

side: fore wing nearly all black; an orange streak on the

basal half of the costa ; a small streak below its outer end ;

a streak on the median vein from near the base to the origin

Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. 411

of vein 2; a longer streak on the internal vein and a shorter

streak from near the base close along the hinder margin of

the wing; two orange spots in the’ disc, and two small spots

subapical: hind wing also nearly all black ; astreak of orange

hairs in the cell, one along the internal vein, and a discal

narrow band of four orange spots. Underside: both wings

black, marks orange: fore wing with a broad streak close to

the costa; from the base to beyond the cell-end, joined to a

spot at the upper end of the cell, three discal spots, the upper

one pushed outwards; a small dot again outwards, and three

subapical: hind wing with a spot at the end of the cell and

a discal band as on the upperside; antenne longer than.

usual in the group.

Expanse of wings, g 13, 2 1,4, inch.

Hab. Kiriwini Isl., Tobriand group.

Family Deilemeride.

Section I.

Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing not stalked, palpi short,

Deilemera paradelpha, nov.

3 %. Belongs to the pellex group: Section I. of my

collar luteous ; thorax white; a black spot on the head, two

on the collar, and the thorax with three black spots down the

middle and three on each side; palpi luteous, last joint

black; abdomen dull greyish yellow, with pale brown seg-

mental bands: fore wing pale black, with a lilac tinge; spots

white, a small round spot in the middle of the cell in the

male, developed intoa short streak in the female ; a large

oval spot across the end of the cell, from vein 11 to vein 2;

three submarginal spots as in pellex ; a white streak on the

hinder margin from base to a little beyond the middle:

hind wing white; a pale black uniform marginal band,

running narrowly up the abdominal margin for a short

distance, and containing a white subapical spot and a medial

spot. Underside: wings as on the upperside ; legs ochreous ;

body white, without markings. ~

Expanse of wings, ¢ 2, 174 inch.

Hab. Fergussen Isl.

Deilemera bouruana, nov.

9. Allied to D. separata, Walker, xxxi. p. 204 (1864),

from Gilolo Island. Pectus white; palpi white, last joint

black; frons, head, and thorax white, collar tinged with

* Trans. Ent. Soc. 1908, pp. 53-84,

27%

ochreous ; frons with a black spot, a large one on the head,

yunning in between the antennze, two on each side of the

collar; a black streak down the middle of the thorax and one

on each side ; abdomen ochreous grey, with black macular

segmental bands, marked with white: fore wing black,

markings white; a thick streak in the cell, from the base to

its middle, another similar but thicker streak immediately

below it and extending a little beyond it; a streak on the

hinder margin, from the base to beyond the middle ; a large,

oval, discal, oblique spot from close to the costa, where it is

round and small to vein 2, nearer the hinder angle of the

wing than is usual in the pellex group, in one specimen it

runs below vein 2 and is attenuated ; three larger submarginal

spots. Underside: wings as above; body white with thin

segmental bands on the abdomen; legs white striped with

black.

Expanse of wings 1,6 inch.

Hab. Bouru Is]., South Moluccas.

Deilemera externa, nov.

3 3. Face white ; palpi black; frons, head, and thorax

ochreous ; a black spot on the frons, a large one on top of

head, covering nearly the whole space and running in between

the antenne, two on the collar, an angular spot behind them

followed by an oval black spot on each shoulder ; abdomen

ereyish ochreous, some white specks at the base and thin

darker segmental lines touched with white at the sides and a

row of black spots on each side: fore wing dark black,

markings white ; a disjointed thin streak from the base to

the middle of the cell; a small spot below it and a little

outside; an oval spot in the dise from vein 11 toa little

below vein 2, narrow in the type-specimen, broader in others ;

three submarginal spots, the two lower ones connected to-

gether in the type-specimen ; a white streak on the hinder

margin: hind wing with a rather broad and even marginal

black band running thinly up the abdominal margin to the

base, and narrowly along the costa, with a knob at its middle ;

two white spots in the band, and indications of a third spot

as in Aurivillius’s figure of pellec*, but not so distinct.

Underside: wings as above; legs and thorax ochreous;

abdomen white with black segmental bands.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 1,8, 2 -1y% inch.

Hab. Batjan Isl., Middle Moluccas.

* Rec, Crit. in Sy, Ak. Handl. xix. (5) pl. i. fig. 5 (1882).

Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. 413

Section I. B,

Antenne shortly pectinated.

Deilemera gonora, nov.

3. Nearest to D. oroya, Swinhoe, from Sula Besi. Palpi

white, last joint black; frons, head, and thorax white; frons

with a black spot, collar with two ; two square black spots

followed by around one on the thorax; abdomen white with

hardly any markings, tip ochreous ; wings white, markings

black: fore wing with the veins black ; a small patch on

the middle of the costa, another on the costa above the cell-

end and running into the bar at the end of the cell; a broad

black band on the outer margin containing three white sub-

apical spots close together, the middle one the largest, the

lower very small, followed by two spots against the black

patch above the cell-end, with two white linear marks below

them, and large white spot at the middle of the outer margin

with a white streak attached to its lower end: hind wing

with a fairly broad black outer marginal band, not continued

on the costa, its inner margin sinuous and two white spots in

it, apical and medial. Underside: wings as above; body

white without markings ; legs ochreous.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

Hab. Stephensort, Dutch New Guinea.

Deilemera similis, nov.

3 2. Nearest to D. burica, Holland, from Bouru, of

which I have a fine series from Bouru; palpi white, last

joint black ; frons, head, and thorax pale ochreous, nearly

white ; frons with a black linear spot, another similar spot

on the head; thorax with two black spots on each side ;

abdomen pure white, with small black dorsal and lateral

spots: fore wing black, markings white; a broad spear-

shaped streak from the base, from the median vein to the

internal vein, containing a black dot atits base, two short sub-

costal streaks above it and two round spots outside it ; a broad

oblique band divided by the veins into five large spots, the

lowest round, the others elongate, the fourth from the costa

the largest, and extended both outwards and inwards with a

little streak hindwards from its interior end, the third wedged

in outwards between the second and the fourth, sometimes

with a very small spot attached to its upper side; a little

beyond the band is a subcostal spot with another below it;

a large double spot subapical and another near the middle of

the outer margin: hind wing with a rather broad black band

narrowing hindwards, and continued in almost a line on two-

thirds of the costa; a white spot on the costa below the

A414 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new

apex, a smaller spot just inside it, and a larger spot near the

margin below the middle. Underside: wings as above ;

body and legs white, tarsi black at the ends.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 2, 1;% to 2 inches.

Hab. Stephensort, Dutch New Guinea ; a fine series.

Section II. D.

Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing stalked, palpi longer ; male without

secondary sexual characters.

Deilemera cenis parva, nov.

9. Very similar to D. cenis, Cramer, from Sikhim, Silhet,

and Assam, but very much smaller, all the spots and bands

about half the size.

Expanse of wings 1,% inch.

Hab. Au-San, Central Formosa. |

‘T'wo females.

Deilemera poliodesma, nov. «

3 2. Head, collar, body, and palpi luteous, last joint

black ; a black spot on the frons, another on the top of the

head, two on the collar, a thick black stripe along the middle

of the thorax, and a narrower black stripe on each side;

abdomen with black segmental bands above, and black spots

on the segments beneath: fore wing black ; a broad discal

white band divided by the veins into six spots, much as in

D. baulus, Boisd., from Bouru, but narrower, the uppermost

spot small, the veins of the wing from the base to this

band dull yellowish: hind wing pure white, a broad marginal

black band, angled inwards on vein 2, narrowing on the

costa, and running upwards for ashort space on the abdominal

margin. Underside much as above, but paler, the inner

portion of the fore wing suffused with dull ochreous.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 2, 1; inch.

Hab. New Britain (New Mecklenburg).

Belongs to the daulus group. Ihave a great number of

examples of this group from the different islands, and,

though more or less resembling each other, each island

seems to contain a form of its own.

Deilemera homogona, nov.

g. Allied to D. lacticinia, Cramer ; the abdomen is with-

out the black segmental bands on the upperside, having

merely a row of black dots, decreasing in size hindwards;

the fore wing has the discal white band twice the width,

more compact, and on the upperside of the small outer white

spot (the third from the costa) there is another white spot

Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. ALS

‘attached ; the marginal black band of the hind wing is

much narrower and decreases in width hindwards.

Expanse of wings 15 inch.

Hab. Hué, Annam.

Deilemera perissa, nov.

3 2. Allied to D. luctwosa *, Vollenhoven, from Batjan

Island ; palpi, head, and body ochreous, last joint of the

palpi black; frons with a black spot in its centre, one on the

head, two on the collar ; three longitudinal stripes on the

throat, a spot at the base of the abdomen followed by seg-

mental black bands: fore wing black, a spear-shaped white

band from near the base, widening outwards to the base of

vein 2, where it is cut short; a short white streak from the

base along the costa, another on the median vein to the base

of vein 2, and a similar streak on the internal vein ; a fairly

broad discal white band of seven white spots joined together,

the fourth round and small, between the ends of the third

and fifth, the lowest still smaller and oval; in one example,

the band from the base is connected with the discal band by

a thin white streak and there is a white spot at the end of

the cell: hind wing white, with the usual black marginal

band, much as in ductuosa. Underside as on the upperside;

body and legs ochreous, the former spotted with black ; the

legs with black stripes.

Kixpanse of wings, gd ¢, 14 inch.

Hab. Obi Isl., Moluccas.

A fine series.

Deilemera delocyma, nov.

3S. The antenne long, the pectinations also somewhat

longer than is usual in the group ; pectus, frons, head, and

thorax dull orange-ochreous ; frons with a black spot, one on

the neck, two on the collar; thorax with black stripes on the

middle and on the sides ; abdomen dull orange-ochreous, with

black segmental bands, so broad as almost to obliterate the

ochreous colour: fore wing long; costa much arched before

‘the apex; colour black, a white stripe below the médian

vein from the base to the middle; a broad and somewhat

upright discal band divided by the veins into seven spots,

extending from near the costa to near the hinder margin, the

first three from the costa narrow, the fourth oval, wedged in

between the onter halves of the third and fifth, the sixth the

largest, the seventh small and round-edged: hind wing

white, a broad black marginal border, angled at vein 2,

and continued narrowly along the costa. Underside: body

* Tidj. von Dierk, i. p. 42 (1863),

416 On new Species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera.

orange-ochreous; abdomen with black segmental bands;

legs orange-cchreous striped with black.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

Hab. Flores Isl.

Family Orthostixide.

Alex niasica, nov.

@. Frons and palpi black, the inner side of the first two

joints of the palpi white ; ground-colour of the head, body,

and wings greyish ochreous ; ; head and collar blackish

through thickly covered irrorations ; both wings uniformly

covered with short brown striations : fore wing with a pale

brown mark at the upper end of the cell, both wings with

indistinct traces of outwardly curved, pale brown, thin bands,

antemedial and discal; a thin, marginal, pale brown line and

ochreous cilia with grey tips. Underside as above, but the

striations and transverse lines thicker and more prominent.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

Hab. Nias.

Quite distinctfromany other species of this genus known tome.

Family Geometridae.

Pingasa talagt, nov.

g. Frons, head, body, and wings greyish white, strongly

tinged with ochreous irtorations ; ; palpi with the third joint

black, elongate as in P. aravensis, Prout *; wings with the

markings pale grey: fore wing with a sinuous blackish

thick line closing the cell; a nearly straight short line

beyond it from the middle of interspace 3 to near the costa,

an indistinct outwardly curved subbasal line ; a more distinct

and thicker postdiscal line, more or less distinctly macular ;

a submarginal row of indistinct spots pricked with white on

their inner sides, and minute dots on the outer margin; hind

wing with a line closing the cell; the two outer marginal

bands diffuse and more or less conjoined together and with

the outer margin, the white inner marks on the very indistinct

submarginal ‘spots more prominent than they are on the

fore wing. Underside: wings paler and without irrorations ;

fore wing with a very large black spot at the end of the cell

and a large black upper discal patch attenuated hindwards ;

three white dots outside the upper part of the black patch ;

hind wing with a thick black lunular mark at the end of the

cell, and a large black upper discal patch as on the fore wing

but without the white dots.

Expanse of wings 1,‘ inch.

Hab, Tulagi, a small island off Ysabel Island in the

Solomen group Setar

* Noy. Zool. xxiii. p. 7 (1916).

On Cylindroiulus (Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoef’), 417

XXXIX.—Notes on Myriapoda.—V.* On Cylindroiulus

(Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoef). By Hitpa K. Braves,

M.Sc., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., and the Rev. S. GraHam

Birks, M.Sc.

Last year Dr. A. Randell Jackson recorded ¢ the finding by

one of ust at Winkhill, near Leek, Staffs, of Cylind?otulus

(Leucotulus) nitidus (Verhoeff). This seems to have been

the first record of the occurrence of this species in Britain,

and the following notes are based primarily upon our study

of material from the locality named in the light of the original

paper § in which Dr. C. W. Verhoeff describes Julus nitedus.

Of this description we have made the fullest use, and we here

express our indebtedness.

Our specimens were first examined by Dr. Jackson, and

then sent to Monsieur le Docteur Henry W. Brélemann of

Pau, who, with his usual kindness, dissected one of the males,

and identified it as the Julus nitidus described by Verhoeft.

1. OccURRENCE AND HABITAT.

Cylindroiulus nitidus was taken in September 1915 at

Winkhill, Staffs, by one of the writers (H. Kk. B.); three

males and two immature specimens were found together under

a stone on the grassy sides of the road leading from the

station to the village; no adult females were then taken.

In September 1916, when we had already made some study

of the limited material then at our disposal, we took many

specimens of both sexes in the same immediate neighbourhood.

In the field C. nitidus resembles C. stlvarum (Meinert) very

closely except in habitat. Verhoeff states (doc. cét.) that he

had noticed this animal only in woods or on heights. He

records it in the Rhine and Moselle districts: at Melbthal,

near Bonn, in a wood under leaves ; at Ippendorter Héhe,

near Bonn, at the edge of a wood under stones; at Cochem,

in woods and at Siebengebirge, Petersberg, in woods under

stones. ‘There are some trees in the neighbourhood of the

ground where the English specimens were collected at

Winkhill; but the very limited area of its occurrence is not

in close connection with woods, the district being hilly and

* The authors’ previous notes I.-IV. in this series appeared as follows :—

I., Lancs. & Ches. Nat., June 1916; IL, cid. July 1916; IIL, ‘ Irish

Naturalist,’ August 1916; IV., Lancs. & Ches. Nat., September 1916.

7 ‘On some Arthropods observed in 1915,” Lanes. & Ches. Nat., Feb.

1916, p. 391. .

{BK Be

§ “Kin Beitrag zur mitteleuropaischen Diplopoden-Fauna,” Berliner

Entomolog. Zeitschrift, xxxyi. 1, 18V1, pp. 116 et seg.

418 Miss H. K. Brade and the Rev. S. G. Birks on

rather bleak. Some little distance away, however, there are

several well-wooded areas.

The rocks of the neighbourhood are Carboniferous sand-

stones and shales. There is Carboniferous Limestone not

more than 3 miles distant in a southerly direction.

2 2. SYSTEMATIC POSITION.

This species takes its place in the family Julide, being

referred to the genus Cylindroiulus (Julus s, |.) and subgenus

Leucoiulus.

3. Some EXTERNAL CHARACTERS.

(a) Dimensions.

Dr. Verhoeff (loc. cit.) gives the following dimensions :—

Male: length 15-20 mm. ; breadth 1°0-1°3 mm.

Female: length 18-24 mm., less often up to 29 mm. (as

in the case of one example 2 mm. broad) ; breadth 1°3-2°0 mm.

‘The dimensions of three males taken at Winkhill in 1915

are :—

Length 14-20 mm.; breadth 1°0-1°3 mm.

And of three females taken at the same place in 1916 :—

Length 22-24 mm.; breadth 1°6-1'8 mm.

(b) Colour-markings ete.

The exoskeleton is brightly polished. Hach pleurotergite

of the trunk is composed, as usual, of a narrow anterior pro-

zonite (fig. 2, p) anda broader posterior metazonite (fig. 2, m).

In our specimens the general tone of colour is brownish,

but the shade varies very much in different specimens from

quite dark to fairly light; above the level of the foramina

the pleurotergites are relatively dark, and dorsally the seg-

ments are distinctly mottled by patches of a greyish tone ;

passing ventrally the somites get much lighter, and so the

mottled appearance is practically absorbed by the generai

tone of colour. At the level of the foramina a row of distinct

brown spots may be seen running along each side of the

body. These spots occur on each of the metazonites except

those of the first few and last few segments,

Frons and vertex without grooves.

The prozonites are smooth.

The metazonites are marked with longitudinal grooves set

widely apart, but these grooves are wanting on the dorsal

portions of the most anterior segments (fig. 1).

The ventral plates (sternites) are simple and insignificant.

Cylindroiulus (Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoef), 419

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.—C. nitidus, anterior end of body of 3. Details of eye not shown.

On the collum segment the characteristic curved groove is

clearly seen. 3 is the third body segment. x 86. H.K. B.

del.

Fig. 2.—Posterior end of same. f, foramina repugnatoria ; p, prozonite ;

m, metazonite. x 36. H.K. B. del.

420 Miss H. K. Brade and the Rev. S. G. Birks on

Above the mouth four bristle-bearing dimples are present.

Crossing the head from side to side is a deeply pigmented

band on which the eyes are situated laterally (fig. 1).

The collum segment is large and a longitudinal furrow

runs along each of its lateral edges, which are slightly

curved. Above this longitudinal furrow and parallel to it

near the posterior border on each side two very much shorter

grooves sometimes occur. These shorter furrows appear to

correspond to the longitudinal grooves of other segments.

In Julus nitidus the foramina repugnatoria are small and

situated on the posterior border of the metazonite, and so lie

in close proximity to the sutures between the segments

(fig. 2, f).

The tergite of the anal segment is produced into a long

caudal horn which tapers gradually and is bluntly pointed at

the tip ; it is round in transverse section.

We take.the three males collected in 1915 as examples :—

A ¢ of 20 mm. had 56 segments, 101 pairs of legs, and 2 legless terminal

seoments.

Aodgofl4 do. 46 do. ris do. 4 do.

Acgofl4 do. 48 do. 85 do. 2 do.

The number of segments and, therefore, the number of

pairs of legs vary considerably according to the maturity

of the specimens.

The appendages of the males collected in 1915 are arranged

as follows :—

Segments. Pairs of limbs.

Lok teen ° 1st One pair, modified, hook-shaped.

Avis a. Rain ntaled rae 2nd One pair, with pads on the 4th and

5th joints and a secretory organ

on the coxite.

Sirs w strides sia ek ie Genital apertures,

eaters thsi ae 3rd One pair.

eachemrere oe ) a Two pairs.

Gis 8 atis oe eee oe Two pairs.

7 8th Anterior gonopods.

Llano ah 9th Posterior gonopods,

10th, 11th,

8 and onward . aE

Last 2or4 .. Juegless.

Two pairs,

In the female the first and second pairs of legs are not

modified, and in place of the gouopods are two pairs of

walking-legs ; otherwise the arrangement is the same.-

Cylindroiulus (Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoef). 421

(d) Ocell.

Dr. Verhoeff dwells upon the great interest of the ocelli in

this species, and states that this character provides an inter-

mediate condition between Ummatoiulus and Aliaiulus. The

external surface of the field of the eye is not broken up by

the convexities of the individual ocelli, and with some illumi-

nations the microscope reveals the fact that the field is quite

smooth. With some illuminations it is impossible to see the

individual ocelli, with others they are quite distinctly visible.

Ocelli arrangement (1915 material) :—

Ina ¢ of 14 mm.: 4, 5, 6, 5, 3, 2 (25). In curved rows, somewhat

irregular.

Ina ¢ of 20 mm.: 3, 5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 2,1 (81). Irregular.

Ina ¢ of 14 mm.: 3, 4, 6, 5, 4, 1 (23). Irregular.

In an immature specimen: 5, 4, 3, 2,1 (15), Fairly regular.

do. do.» 4,5; 2, FCO). 0.

It will be seen that there is great variation in the number

of individual ocelli. This is also noticed in Dr. Verhoeft’s

description, where he records from 26-40 ocelli in different

specimens. As in the case of the walking-legs, the greater

number appear to occur in the more mature specimens,

Fig. 4.

Fig. 3.—First leg of male of C; nitidus. x 140. H. K. B. del.

Fig. 4.—Second leg of male, with segments numbered. s, secretory

organ (penis). x 140, H.K. B. del.

3. MopIFIep APPENDAGES OF THE MALE.

The first pair of legs are hook-shaped, forming an angle

at the outer bend as the tip turns inwards, and a small

prominence is present at this angle (fig. 3). The second pair

422 Miss H. K. Brade and the Rey. S.G. Birks on

of legs are also slightly modified, the joints being thicker

than those of the normal walking-legs, and pads are present

on the fourth and fifth joints—that is, the penultimate and

antepenultimate Joints (fig. 4). The claws are strong, and

the last joints are armed with strong bristle-like spines,

some of which overlap the claws. The coxite bears a

secretory organ (fig. 4, s). The copulatory feet or gonopods

are composed of the modified appendages (two pairs) of the

seventh body-segment. Their situation is denoted by a gap,

as these legs are retracted, in this group, within the somite to

Fig. 5.

Figs. 5-8.—Gonopods. A, anterior gonopod; B, posterior portion of

posterior gonopod; C, anterior branch of posterior gonopod ;

a, b,c, parts of CO; F, flagellum; d, hooked part of B; L-L,

point of measurement (see text).

Fig. 5.—Silhouette of anterior gonopods, anterior surface. x 140.

H. K. B. del.

Fig. 6.—Silhouette of posterior gonopods, posterior surface. xX 140.

H. K. B. del.

which they belong. They are complicated in character, and

the anterior and posterior gonopods of each side are firmly

attached to one another. The anterior pair of gonopods are *

seen from an anterior position as two lobe-like projections

rounded at the tip (fig. 5). From a posterior position the

posteriot pair appear as two pointed projections with the tips

turned inwards, broader at the base than at the tips (fig. 6).

Viewed from the side the external surfaces of the anterior and

posterior gonopods are seen (fig. 7). They are clearly sepa-

rated at the free ends and united at the bases. The anterior

gonopods are stronger and generally less transparent than the

posterior pair, which is delicate and very transparent, some

parts being irregular in outline.

Cylindroiulus (Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoef). 423

The anterior gonopods are leaf-like in form, and, being

convex posteriorly, their lateral edges wrap round and protect

the anterior branch of the posterior gonopods somewhat

(ig. *).

The posterior gonopods consist of a foliaceous anterior

branch and a subtrapezoidal posterior portion.

The anterior branch consists of three parts—a, b, and c—

which are very distinct and characteristic; @ is finger-shaped

and is the longest, standing out well beyond the others ; the

middle portion, 8, is the strongest, and is protected by very

Fig. 7.

‘

Anterior and posterior gonopods, external profile. x 140. H.K. B. del,

thick chitin; while ¢ is smaller and approaches in shape

more nearly to a.

The structure of the posterior gonopod is clearly seen in

fig. 8, which represents the inner view of the gonopods both

anterior and posterior of one side. In this case the appendages

have been flattened out somewhat to show the separate parts

of each. The most prominent part of the posterior portion of

the posterior gonopod is the hooked piece, d, which is sparsely

plumous at the tip, while a noticeable feature is the flagellum,

F, This, which is inserted upon the base of the anterior

424 On Cylindroiulus (Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoef’).

gonopod, curves round so that its tip appears in repose above

the delicate part of the posterior gonopod behind the hooked

portion d, ‘The actual breadth of the posterior gonopods at

L-L in the specimen figured is 0'210 mm.*, and that of the

whole organ (anterior and posterior gonopods of one side

together) is*4 mm,

Fig. 8.

q &

é F

fi at ree.

‘ Fares Le ae

‘ Pe ee | ae

cig

‘

<5)

octes

o 7.

Anterior and posterior gonopods, internal profile. x 140, H.K.B. del.

We are deeply indebted to Monsieur le Docteur Henry W..

Brélemann for his very careful examination and report upon

our material. Drawings of the gonopods which he furnished

have been invaluable in the preparation of the illustrations

which accompany this paper.

We must also express our best thanks to Miss Simpson, of

Darwen, for her assistance in translation.

The Victoria University of Manchester.

* Dr. Brélemann’s measurement,

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No. 114. JUNE 1917.

XL.—Notes on Collembola.—Part 4. The Classification of the

Collembola; with a List of Genera known to occur in the

British Isles. By Joun W. Suorsornam, N.D.A., Berk-

hampsted, Herts. ;

In my paper on “Some Irish Collembola” (1914), p. 59,

I remarked that the classification adopted was one which,

in the main, had been accepted by authors for the previous

seven years, and that Dr. Borner had recently proposed a

new system on which I should make some notes.

This paper was practically completed during the early

part of 1914, but my unexpected call to South Africa

prevented me publishing it, and I then intended waiting till

I returned to England. However, as I am about to publish

a preliminary account of the Collembola of Lancashire and

Cheshire, I feel it is just as well to list them according to

the new system, which is much to be preferred to any yet

proposed. I therefore give here aetranslation of part of

Borner’s paper (1913 4), pp. 318-322, which forms a key to

the new classification, and I append a list of the genera of

Collembola hitherto found in the British Isles.

My best thanks are due to Dr. A. D. Imms, of the

University of Manchester, for kindly seeing this paper

through the press and for criticisms and suggestions, and to

Mr. T. A. Coward, also of Manchester University, for much

kind assistance.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xix. 28

426 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola.

There have been many different arrangements of the

Collembola made during the last 75 years, and the number

of families recognized has varied from 3 to as many as 8.

Nicolet (1842) has the springtails divided into the

Smynthurelles,’ Podurelles, and Lipurelles, and Lubbock

(1862) called these Smynthuride, Poduride, and Lipuride,

while in his monograph (1873) he formed 6 families, viz.,

Smynthuride, Papiriide, Degeeriade, Poduride, Lipuride,

and Anouride. Various modifications were used by authors

till the end of the 19th century, when another family— |

Neelide—was made for the reception of the genus Neelus of

Folsom. Schiffer (1896), in his paper on “ The Collembola

from the Neighbourhood of Hamburg,” differentiated the

subfamilies Isotomine and Tomocerine, which now rank as

separate families.

During, the present century the work of Borner has done

much te advance our knowledge of the classification of the

order Collembola. In one of his earliest papers (1901 a)

he divided the Collembola into two suborders, the linear

kinds to be grouped under the name Arthropleona and the

globular forms he called Symphypleona. Keys were given

to the families and subfamilies of the Arthropleona, and

these, together with an account of the Symphypleona, were

given in more detail in his paper on “The Apterygotal

Fauna of Bremen” (1901 4). Then, in 1906, in his work

on “The Classification of the Collembola,’’ Borner discussed

the whole group and the relationship of the families, sub-

families, and tribes. He recognized the families Poduride,

Entomobryide, Neelide, and Sminthuride, and gave a synopsis

of the subfamilies and tribes. This system, with but little

variation, was used by authors for many years. Then, in

1913, when examining some species of Pseudosira and

Paronella from Java, Borner happened to find a peculiar

structure on the hinder trochanters, in the form of a number

of short, outstanding, pointed bristles, to which he gave the

name ‘‘ Trochanteral organ.” On looking through his collec-

tion of slides, he found that this structure was present in all

the true Entomobryine, but absent in the Tomocerine and

Isotomine. This discovery led Borner to propose a new

arrangement of families, which I give in this paper. He

firstly divided the Arthropleona into two natural sections

according to the structure of the prothorax (see below, in

Key to Families, etc.). The old family Poduride, which

corresponds to the new section Poduromorpha, was divided

into three, the subfamilies Hypogastrurine and Onychiurine

being raised to the family rank, and the name Poduride

Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola. 427

restricted for the single genus Podura. The second section

Entomobryomorpha, which corresponds to the old Entomo-

bryide, was also split into three; the name Entomobryide

was retained for those species possessing the Trochanteral

organ, and the rest divided into two new families, Isotomide

and Tomoceride. The Sminthuride and Neelide remained

as before.

This classification gives us 8 families, and it may seem

a large number for so small an order, but there are many

districts in the world that have never been searched for

springtails, and others in only a haphazard manner, and,

doubtless, when the group has been more thoroughly

worked, there will be hundreds of new species discovered,

which will result in the formation of new genera, and probably

of the larger divisions also.

As an example of how a tribe has increased in size and

importance in recent years, take the Cyphoderini. This

tribe for many years contained only the one genus Cypho-

derus, Nicolet (1842), and that genus, as we know it to-day,

contained only two or three species up to the end of the 19th

century. Now, as a result of collections made in various

parts of the world, there are the additional genera, Cypho-

derodes of Silvestri (1911), Pseudocyphoderus, Imms (1912),

the peculiar genus Calobatella described by Borner (1913 a).

The genus Cyphoderus now contains a dozen or more species,

with the probability of the number being increased in the

near future.

Synopsis of Suborders, Sections, Families, Subfamilies, and

Tribes of the Order Collembola, taken from Bérner

(1913 4), pp. 318-322.

A. Body flattish-cylindrical, elongated, as a rule distinctly segmented,

with free thoracic and free abdominal segments; rarely the

abdominal segments 5 and 6 or 4-6 are fused together.

Suborder AntHROPLEONA, C. B., 1901.

I, Tergum of the prothorax similar to the terga of the other body-

segments, always, as in the case of these, possessing some hairs.

Furcula present or absent, in the first case lying under abdominal

tergum 4. Integument generally granular, mostly soft, seldom

with stouter chitinized sclerites. Ventral tube always short,

pocket-like, smooth-walled. Manubrium ventrally always without

hairs. Section PopuromorpPnA, C. B,, 1913.

a. Without pseudocelli. With or without eyes. Sensory organ otf

the third antennal segment only with sense-rods, without

sense-cones, without outer papille. Fourth antennal segment

without subapical sense-pit, always with retractile sense-knob.

28%

4.28

Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola.

1. Head hypognathous. Eyes situated near the hind edge of the

heid. Dentes bowed in the horizontal plane, annulated

towards the end, over-reaching the ventral tube. Manubrium

in form recalling that of the Symphypleona, with a special

medial support-piece of the dentes.

1. Family Popurip# (C. B.), 1906.

2. Head obliquely prognathous. With or without eyes, these, if

ii.

present, situated in front of the middle of the head. Dentes

not annulated, fairly straight, seldom reaching past the

veutral tube, or the furcula more or less completely reduced.

When the fureula is present the manubrium is simple in

form, without the medial support-piece of the dentes.

2. Family HypoGasTRuRIDs& (C. B.).

. Mandibles with well-developed molar plate.

Subfamily HypocastruRin», C. B., 1906.

Mandibles without true molar plate or absent.

Subfamily AcnorocTina, C. B., 1906.

* Anal segment with undivided supra-anal valve. With or

without furcula.

Tribe PsEuDACHORUTINI, C. B., 1906.

*# Anal sezement with double-lobed broader supra-anal valve.

Without furcula.

Tribe AcHorutTInNI, C. B., 1906.

b. With pseudocelli. Without eyes. The sense-organ on antenna

III. provided with from 2-3 sense-cones, and often at the same

time with outer papille and protecting bristles, in addition to

the sense-rods. Post-antennal organ generally well-developed.

Antennal segment 4 generally with subapical sense-pit

(= Lipuride, Lubbock, 1869 1.)

3. Family Onycururip# (Lbk., C. B.).

Il. Tergum of the prothorax always membranous and without hairs.

Fureula generally present, and in the more recent forms of the

group pushed analwards, Integument generally smooth, mostly

with sclerites. Ventral tube short or elongated, sometimes with

a lateral blind sac. Manubrium ventrally, generally with hairs

or scales, seldom naked.

Trochanteral organ absent. Ventral edge of the claw simple,

without groove.

1. Third and fourth abdominal terga of nearly equal length or

the 4th longer, sometimes this (the 4th) fused with the 5th

and 6th (without scales*). Naked or ciliated sensory setz

(=bothriotriche) present or absent.

4, Family lsoromip& (Schffr., C. B., 1896-1903.)

1 This should be 1870. Lubbock’s “Notes on the Thysanura—

Part 4,” was published in 1870, not 1869.—J. W. 8.

* This is as given by Borner (19136); but, to include the genus

Oncopodura, Carl & Lebed., it should now read “Scales nearly always

absent, when present they are without longitudinal ribs.”—J. W. S.

1914,

Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola. 4.29

i. Head obliquely prognathous, Antenne inserted in the

front half of the head. (Trachex absent.) Furcal seg-

ment without chitin-ridges, to which are articulated the

basal sclerites of the furcula if these (the chitin-ridges)

are present. J’urcula seldom absent, Post-antennal organ

generally present.

Subfamily Isorommunm, Schffr., 1896.

(Including the Isoromuriy, C. B., 1906.)

ii. Head hypognathous. Antenne inserted in the middle of

the head. (Head trachez present.) Furcal segment with

two stout chitin-ridges, which serve for the articulation

of the hasal sclerite of the furcula.

Subfamily AcraLeTin~, C. B., 1906.

2. Third abdominal tergum considerably longer than the fourth,

ull abdominal segments free. With longitudinally ribbed

scales, Post-antennal organ absent, Sensory sete present,

ciliated, Furcula always present.

5. Family Tomocrerip2 (Schfir., 1896),

i. Dentes annulated; mucro diminutive, without hairs, An-

tennal segments 3 and 4 about equally long.

Subfamily LEprvoPHORELLINz (C. B., 1906.)

ii, Dentes not annulated, 2-segmented; mucro longish, with

hairs. Third antennal segment strikingly elongated (this

annulated as well as the fourth),

Subfamily Tomocrerin& (C. B., 1906).

b. Trochanteral organ present (on the trochanters of the hind legs),

Ventral edge of the clawsas a rule with basal groove (“split”).

Hairs and scales (at least in part) ciliated. Fourth abdominal

tergum as a rule considerably longer than the third. Ciliated

sensory sete always present. Furcula always present.

6. Family Enromosryip» (C. B., 1906).

1. Dentes slender, annulated dorsally here and there. Mucro

small. With or without scales. With or without eyes.

Kmpodial appendage with 4 wing-corners.

Subfamily Enromopryin (C. B., 1906).

i, Antenna 4-segmented, with undivided basal segments.

Tribe EnromosryinI, C. B., 1906.

ii. Antenna 5- or 6-segmented, with the first or first and second

segments secondarily divided into two.

Tribe OHCHESELLINI, C. B., 1906,

[Here also belongs, presumably, the Heteromuricine of

Imms, 1912. The medial cercus described by Imms

should be nothing else than a peculiarly elongated supra-

anal valve. |

2. Dentes not annulated, not, or only a little, tapered towards

the end.

i. Dentes without dorsal ciliated scales or ciliated spines,

dorsally and dorso-laterally (often completely all round)

uniformly haired ; if dental spines are present, then some-

times they are modified into bristles at the ends of the

dentes. Empodial appendage with 4 strong wing-corners.

430

Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola.

Mucrones plump. Coxe strikingly short. With or

without scales. The hitherto known forms with eyes and

free-living. Subfamily ParonELiinZ (C. B., 1906).

ii. Dentes with dorsal ciliated scales or ciliated spines, these at

the bases of the dentes pass over into ciliated bristles.

Coxe generally distinctly longer than the trochanters (also

in Troglopedetes ?), Hmpodial appendage with 3 wing-

corners, or more or less reduced. yeless and scaled.

Subfamily CypHopERIN# (C. B., 1906).

* With one entodorsal row of ciliated spines on the dentes.

Free-living in caves.

Tribe TROGLOPEDETINI, C.B., 19138.

** With a double row of ciliated scales on the dentes. Man-

dibles with or without molar plate. Head obliquely pro-

gnathous, or hypognathous. Claws normal or with a

bladder-like terminal portion. Mostly living in association

with ants or termites.

Tribe CypHopERrinI, C. B., 1918.

B. Body pear-shaped to almost globular, as a rule, with obsolete seg-

mentation of the thorax and the first 4 abdominal segments;

especially the abdominal terga and pleure not differentiated. The

ano-genital segments remain mostly indepéndent; but are occasionally

fused together. Manubrium with a medial support-piece of the

dentes, similar to the Poduride, ventrally always without hairs.

Pronotum (sometimes also the metanotum) without hairs.

Suborder SympHypizona, C. B., 1901.

a. Antenne inserted in or in front of the middle of the head, always

considerably shorter than the head-diagonal, 4-segmented ; head

without elevated vertex. Corpus tenaculi without bristles.

Cove elongated, also on the outer side distinctly longer than the

trochanteral segment, Ano-genital segment concealed under the

furcal segment (seen from above). Abdominal sensory sete

absent. 7. Family NrErLipz, Folsom, 1896.

b. Antenne inserted behind (over) the middle of the head, generally

considerably longer than the head-diagonal, not rarely with

subdivided segments. Head with distinctly elevated vertex over

the neck. Corpus tenaculi (generally) with bristles. Core not

elongated, on the outer side considerably shorter than the inner

side and than the trochanteral segment. Ano-genital segment

not concealed under the furcal segment. Abdominal sensory

setae present. 8. Family SminraHuripm®, Lubbock, 1862.

. Ventral sac (tube) even in full-grown animals smooth-walled

(seldom at the tips with small warts—after Linnaniemi).

Corpus tenaculi with lateral appendage (stylus?) at the base

of the rami. Integument granular. Trachee (always?)

present. Subfamily SminvHuriinwz, C. B., 1906

* Anal and genital segment fused, on each side with two (one

small) sensory sete.

Tribe SmuintHuRIDINI, C. B., 1913.

** Anal and genital segment separated, sometimes the latter

fused with the furcal segment. The genital segment with

only one sensory seta.

Tribe Katrannint, C. B., 1913.

Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola. 431

2. Ventral sac (tube) in full-grown animals with warted walls.

Antenne always distinctly bent.

i. Antenne bent between the 3rd and 4th segments, 4th segment

longer than the 38rd, the latter always undivided. Furcal

segment without paired dorsal papille. Corpus tenaculi at

the base of the rami without lateral appendage. ‘Tracheze

present (always?). Genital and anal segment not fused.

Subfamily SminrHurin»®, C. B., 1906.

* Tibio-tarsus at the distal end on the hind side with 2-3

(seldom with a 4th on the front side) more or less closely

applied clubbed hairs, not, or only little, over-reaching the

claws. With or without empodial appendage. Mucronal

bristle absent. Tribe BouRLETIELLINI, C, B., 1913.

[Ilere also belongs the genus Corynephoria, Absolon

(1907), which is very nearly related to Bour/etiella, and

which only differs by the absence of the empodium and

through the dorsal clavate appendage. It is doubtful also

whether it possesses trachez ; abdominal sensory sete are,

however, present in normal numbers. |

*#* Tibio-tarsus without the described clubbed hairs, having

instead sometimes outstanding, finely knobbed, clavate

hairs, Mucro with or without bristle.

Tribe SminrHurtint, C. B., 1918.

ii. Antenne bent between the 2nd and 3rd seyments, 4th always

shorter than the 3rd. Furcal segment with one pair of

dorsal papillze. Corpus tenaculi as in 1 (i. e. Sminthuridine).

Trachez absent (always?). Genital and aval segment fused.

Subfamily Dicyrromina&, C. B., 1906.

The Genus Srra, Lubbock.

In 1870, in his “ Notes on the Thysanura—Part 4,”

Lubbock described several Collembola new to the English

Fauna, and one formed the type of a new genus which he

called Sira (Seira). In his monograph, three years later,

he described several species under Stra, including

S. domestica (Nic.).

S. nigromaculata, Lbk.

S. buskit Lbk.

In later years the genus was split up, and Schott proposed

the name Pseudosira for types like the S$. domestica (Nic.),

leaving the name Sira for those lke nigromaculata and buskit.

But this should not be so, for Lubbock expressly states that

domestica forms the type of his genus Sta. Therefore

Pseudosira must fall and Sura take its place, and for the

species hitherto included in Sira, I propose the new name

Willowsia *.

1 Named after my friend Mr, F, W. Willows, of Tsolo, South Africa.

432 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes en Collembola.

Genus Srra, Lbk., mihi.

Seira, Lubbock (1870), p. 279.

= Pseudosira, Schott.

Dentes ventrally covered with scales.

Type. S. domestica (Nic.).

Genus WILLowslA, gen. nov.

Dentes ventrally only with ciliated hairs, without scales.

Type. W. (Seira) nigromaculata (Lbk.).

List of Genera of Collembola found in the British Isles.

Class INSECTA.

Subclass Apterygota, Oudns,

Order COLLEMBOLA, Lbk.

Suborder ARTHROPLEONA, C. B.

Section PODUROMORPHA, C. B.

I, Family. Poduride (C. B.).

1. Genus Popvra, Linn., The.

II. Family Hypogastruride (C. B.).

Subfamily HypPoGAsTRURIN 2, C. B.

2. Genus HypoeastrurRa, Bourl., C. B.

3. Genus XENYLLA, The.

4. Genus WituEemia, C. B.

5. Genus ——?

A genus comes here related to both Hypogastrura

and Xenylla. I have an English species in my

collection, which in many respects is intermediate

between these two genera, but so far 1 have not

described it. Possibly it is Beckerella, Linnaniemi.

Subfamily AcHorutin~, C. B.

Tribe PsEuDACHORUTINI, CO. B.

6. Genus PsEUDACHORUTES, The.

7. Genus Micranurta, C. B.

8. Genus Anvripas, Laboulb.

9. Genus Friesxa, D. T.

Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola. 433

10. Genus CoonpracHorvres, Wahler.

[The genus Chondrachorutes of Wahlgren has

not been previously recorded from the British

Isles, but it nevertheless occurs there, for I took

specimens at Berkhamsted, Herts, in 1910, but

have not yet described them. ] ;

Tribe AcHoRUTINI, C.B,

11. Genus AcnorvTEs, Templ., C. B.

= Neanura, MacG.

III, Family Onychiuride (Lbk., C. B.).

12. Genus OnycuruRvS, Gerv., C. B.

13. Genus ProTarHorvura, Absln., C. B.

14. Genus TuLiperera, Lbk.

Section ENTOMOBRYOMORPHA, C. B.

IV. Family Isotomide (Schffr., C. B.).

Subfamily [sorominz, Schitr,

15. Genus Isoroma, Bourl., C. B.

16. Genus Acrentr, C. B.

17. Genus Protsoroma, O.B.

17 a, Genus ? ARcutsotoma, Linnaniemi.

{Linnaniemi has proposed the genus Archi-

sotoma for the reception of Proisotoma bessellsi

(=P. spitzbergenensis, Lbk.), but as I have neither

my specimens of dessed/si nor Linnaniemi’s descrip-

tion by me at the moment, I cannot say whether

it should be regarded as a separate genus dr asa

subgenus of Prowsotoma. |

18. Genus ANvROPHORUS, Nic.

19. Genus Foutsomra, Willem.

20. Genus TETRACANTHELLA, Schtt.

21. Genus Isoromonss, Axels-Linn.

22. Genus Isoromurvs, C. B.

28. Genus ONcopopuRA, Carl & Lebed.

Subfamily AcraLeTin_”, C. B.

[The subfamily <Actaletine is not represented in the

British Isles. ]

434 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola.

V. Family Tomoceridz (Schffr.).

Subfamily LePrpoPHORELLIN.2, C. B.

[The subfamily Lepidophorelline is not represented in

the British Isles. ]

Subfamily Zomocerin” (C. B.).

24. Genus Tomoczrvs, Nice.

24 a. Genus P Poconognatuvs, C. B.

[Borner has proposed the genus Pogonognathus

for the species T'omocerus (P.) longicornis Miill.). |

VI. Family Entomobryide (C. B.). |

Subfamily Hvromopryinx (C. B.).

Tribe ENTOMOBRYINYI, C.B.

25. Genus Enromosprya, Rond.

26. Genus Sinexua, Brook.

27. Genus Lepipocyrtvs, Bourl.

28. Genus Srra, Lbk., Sbhthm.

29. Genus WILLOWSIA, gen. nov.

Tribe ORCHESELLINYI, C. B.

30. Genus OrcHESELLA, Templ.

31. Genus HerEromurvs, Wankel.

Subfamily Paroneriin#, C. B.

[The subfamily Puronelline is not found in the British

Isles. } :

Subfamily OyevoperRn& (C. B.).

Tribe TROGLOPEDETINI, C. B.

[This tribe has not yet been found in the British

Isles. |

Tribe CypPHODERINI, C. B.

32. Genus CyPpHopERUS, Nic.

Suborder SY MPHYPLEONA, C. B.

VII. Family Neelidz, Fism.

33. Genus NEELUS, Flsm.

34. Genus MreaLtorHorax, Willem.

Mr. J. W. Shoebotham’s Notes on Collembola. 435

VIII. Family Sminthuridz, Lbk.

Subfamily SwrwravripinZ, C. B.

Tribe SMINTHURIDINI, C.B.

35. Genus SMINTHURIDES, C. B.

Tribe KATIANNINI, C.B.

36. Genus SMinrHuRINUS, C. B.

37. Genus ARRHOPALITES, C. B.

Subfamily Suzwravrin A, C.B.

Tribe BouURLETIELLINYI, C.B.

88. Genus BourLETIELuA, Banks, C. B.

Tribe SMinTHURINYI, C.B.

39. Genus SmintrHurRus, Latr., C. B.

40. Genus Attacma, C. B.

41. Genus SpHryorueca, C, B.

Subfamily DicyrtominAz, C. B,

42, Genus Dicyrroma, Bourl., C. B.

43. Genus Dicyrromrna, C. B.

References.

Apssouton, K. (1907.) “Zwei neue Collembolen-Gattungen.” Wiener

Entomol. Zeitung, Jahrg. 1907, pp. 335-348, with 3 figs,

Borner, C. (1901 a.) “ Vorliufige Mittheilung iiber einige neue

Aphorurinen und zur Systematik der Collembola.” Zool, Anz,

vol. xxiv. no. 633, pp. 1-15.

(19016.) ‘Zur Kenntnis der Apterygoten-Fauna von Bremen

und der Nachbardistrikte. Beitrag zu einer Apterygoten Fauna

Mitteleuropas.” Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, vol. xvii, Heft 1,

pp- 1-140, pls. i., ii., text-figs. 1-63,

(1903.) “dNeue altweltliche Collembolen, nebst Bemerkungen

zur Systematik der Isotominen und Entomobryinen,” Sitzungs-

Ber. der Gesellsch. naturf, Freunde zu Berlin, 1908, no. 8, pp. 129-

182, 1 pl.

(1906.) “Das System der Collembolen, nebst Beschreibung

neuer Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums. 5

Mitt. aus dem Naturhist. Museum, xxili—Jahrbuch der Hamburg.

Wissensch. Anst. xxiii. pp. 147- 188, with 4 text-figs.

(1913a.) “Neue Cyphoderinen.” Zool. Anz, rok xli. no. 6

p. 274-284, figs. 1-9: ;

(1913 0.) “Die Familien der Collembolen.” Zool. Anz, vol. xli.

no, 7, pp. 815-822.

436 Mr. R. E, Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Forsom, J. W. (1896.) “ Neelus murinus, representing a new Thysa-

nuran family.” Psyche, vol. vii. no. 242, pp. 391, 392, pl. B.

Imus, A. D. (1912.) “On some Collembola from India, Burma, and

Ceylon; with a Catalogue of the Oriental Species of the Order.”

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1912, pp. 80-125, pls. vi—xii.

Lussock, J. (1862.) “Notes on the Thysanura, Part 1. Smyn-

thuride.” Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiii. pp. 429-448, pls. xly., xlvi.

—. (1870.) “Notes on the Thysanura, Part 4.” Trans. Linn. Soc.

vol. xxvil. pp. 277-297, pls. xlv., xlvi.

——. (1873.) Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. London,

Ray Society, 1873, pp. 1-276, pls. i.—lxxviii.

Nicotet, H. (1842.) “Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des Podu-

relles.” Mém. de la Soc. Helv. des Sc. Nat. vol. vi. pp. 1-88,

Is. i.—ix.

Sieeeaees C. (1896.) ‘ Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg

und benachbanter Gebiete.” Mitth. aus dem Naturhist. Museum,

vol, xiii. pp. 149-216, pls. i.—iv.

SHoEBoTHAM, J. W. (1914.) “ Notes on Collembola.—Part. 2. Some

Trish Collembola, and Notes on the Genus Orchesella.” Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xili., Jan. 1914, pp. 59-68, pl. iii.

Sitvestri, F. (1911.) “ Termitiofili raccolti dal Prof. K. Escherich a

Ceylon.” Zool. Jahrb, vol. xxx. Heft 4, pp. 401-418, pls. v.—xi.

XLI.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.— XXVIII. On new

Ethiopian Species of Bembex in the British Museum. By

Row.anp EK. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Bembex obtusa, sp. n.

3. Niger; mandibulis, apice excepto, labro, clypeo, fronte macula

obliqua nigra utrinque, scapo, orbitis externis, pronoto margine

postico, callis humeralibus, prosterno, mesosterno antice, meso-

noto linea supra tegulas, scutello linea obliqua utrinque, post-

scutello margine postico, pedibusque flavis; femoribus anticis

supra nigro-lineatis, tarsis anticis infra nigro-maculatis; seg-

mento dorsali primo macula transversa utrinque fasciaque trans-

versa mediana angustissima, segmentis dorsalibus 2-6 fascia

transversa bisinuata, ventralibus 2-5 macula utrinque, segmento-

que ventrali primo fascia angusta apicali flavo-olivaceis; flagello

subtus ochraceo; segmento dorsali sexto apice, septimoque

dimidio basali ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, thorace

duplo longioribus,

Long. 21 mm.

3. Clypeus very broadly triangularly flattened on the

apical half, labrum flattened at the base; a strong longitudinal

carina between the antenne; sixth, seventh, and eighth joints

of the flagellum each with two or three small spines beneath,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 437

joints 9 and 10 subdenticulate beneath, penultimate joint

concave beneath, longer than the tenth, apical joint about

half as long again as the penultimate, concave beneath, blunt

and rather strongly curved at the apex. Fore tarsi rather

stout, with a strong tarsal comb, the apical joint flattened,

nearly as broad and Jess than half as long again as the

penultimate, with a small spine on the middle of the outer

margin ; anterior and intermediate femora not serrate ; inter-

mediate tibize produced into a distinct spine at the apex.

Seventh dorsal segment very broad, with parallel sides on

the basal portion to beyond the middle, the apex obtuse; the

surface of the segment finely punctured, with coarse punc-

tures intermixed near the apex. Second ventral segment

with a very large tubercle, which is broadly truncate at the

apex ; sixth ventral segment with a slightly raised, broadly

triangular area near the apex; seventh broad, with a longi-

tudinal carina on each side; eighth produced into a stout

blunt tooth. Median cell of the hind wing emitting only one

vein from the apex.

Hab. Nyasaland, Mlanje, 2300 ft. (S. A. Neave), October.

The apical dorsal segment is shaped somewhat as in the

variety of B. pugillatria figured by Handlirsch (Sitzungsb.

Akad. Wiss. Wien, cii. t. v. fig. 15), but the paraliel sides

are continued much nearer to the apex than in that figure.

In the antenne it approaches albofasciata, Sm. (=karschii,

Hand].), also in the short wings, but differs in the legs and

apical abdominal segments. The three intermediate joints of

the fore tarsi are moderately dilated, about as broad as long,

nearly as much dilated as in latctarsis, Hand).

Bembex johnstont, Turn.

Bembex johnstoni, Turn, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. p. 3872 (1912).

Gus

This belongs to the group of B. diversipennis, not of mébii,

to which I compared it in the description; it is, indeed,

probably only an extreme colour-variation of diversipennis.

In a considerable series of that species from H, Africa tlie

thorax is always without yellow markings in both sexes,

except in one female from Harar. The yellow markings on

the abdomen vary much, but do not form continuous fascize

as in most West-African specimens. The wings are hyaline

in the male, more or less strongly fuscous at the base in the

female in all specimens which I have seen.

438 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Bembex albidula, sp. n.

g. Niger; abdomine ceruleo-tincto; mandibulis, apice excepto,

labro, clypeo macula magna basali nigra utrinque, scapo subtus,

orbitis, macula parva utrinque sub ocellis, prosterno, callis

humeralibus apice, segmento mediano angulis posticis, segmentis

dorsalibus 2-4 fascia late interrupta, primo macula magna

utrinque, quinto fascia anguste interrupta, sexto linea transversa

utrinque, segmentis yentralibus secundo tertioque macula parva

utrinque, femoribus anticis intermediisque subtus, tibiis supra

nigro-lineatis, tarsisque anticis intus albidis; alis hyalinis, venis

fuscis, antice latitudine thoracis duplo et dimidium longiores.

Long. 22 mm.

3. Eyes distinctly divergent towards the clypeus ; labrum

flattened, clypeus convex; carina between the antenne very

low. Antenne almost normal; eighth joint of the flagellum

with two very minute spines beneath ; ninth with a minute

spine near the base; apical joint slightly curved, rounded at

the apex, longer than the penultimate. Fore tarsi mode-

rately stout, the joints not dilated ; the basal joint with seven

spines, the basal spine small. Fore and intermediate femora

unarmed, intermediate tarsi simple, intermediate tibia not

produced at the apex and without a long apical spur.

Seventh dorsal segment subtriangular, narrowly rounded at

the apex, closely punctured at the base, sparsely at the apex.

Second ventral segment with a small tubercle near the apex ;

sixth produced into a stout blunt tooth at the apex; seventh

unarmed, without carine; eighth in the form of an acute

spine. Median cell of the hind wing emitting two veins from

the apex.

Hab. Sierra Leone, Mussaia (J. J. Simpson), April.

This fine species is somewhat intermediate between diversi-

pennis and monedula, but seems to belong to the group of the

latter, though distinguished from it by the spines on the

eighth and ninth joints of the flagellum, and by the much

narrower seventh dorsal segment. Handlirsch, in giving the

distinguishing characters of the group, says “ Mittelschenkel

geziilnt,” but in describing the species says “ femoribus inter-

mediis infra non dentatis.” The latter statement is correct,

B. ugandensis, Turn., is also near this species, but differs

in the structure of the antennee, the hollow grooves beneath

the three apical joints being well marked in ugandensis and

almost obsolete in the present species, the spines on the other

joints are also different. The colour-differences, though

great and apparently constant locally, cannot alone be relied

on in this group.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 439

Bembex odontopyga, sp. n.

g. Niger; mandibulis, apice excepto, labro, clypeo macula basali

nigra utrinque, scapo subtus, orbitis, femoribus, tibiisque subtus,

tarsisque flavis; flagello subtus obscure brunneo; segmentis

dorsalibus 2-4 fascia angusta late interrupta, quinto sextoque

fascia: continua, septimo macula obliqua utrinque, segmentisque

ventralibus 2—5 fascia angusta continua apicali brunneo-flavis ;

segmentis dorsalibus obscure czruleo-micantibus ; segmento

septimo dorsali apice fusco-ferrugineo ; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.

Long. 19 mm.

3d. Clypeus with a carina from the base to beyond the

middle, deflexed from the end of the carina to the apex, not

very strongly convex ; the carina between the -antenne very

distinct. Four apical antennal joints distinctly hollowed

beneath, stout, the apical joint blunt at the apex, a little

longer than the penultimate. Head, thorax, and median

segment clothed with long whitish pubescence, that on the

mesonotum shorter and brownish. Fore tarsi normal, the

basal joint with-seven spines ; fore and intermediate femora

not serrate. Median segment with a very feeble longitudinal

groove. Seventh dorsal segment with a short spine on each

side near the base, the apex rather broadly truncate, not

undulating at the sides. Ventral segments unarmed. Wings

about two and a half times as long as the breadth of the

thorax; median cell of the hind wing emitting two veins

from the apex. The eyes are distinctly divergent towards

the clypeus.

Hab. Nyasaland, Ngara (Dr. J. E. S. Old), October.

This belongs to the bidentata group, and apart from colour-

differences may be distinguished from mébii by the absence

of a strong tooth at the apex of the intermediate femora; from

bidentata by the more distinct carina of the clypeus, by the

colour of the pubescence, and by the broader apex and less

developed teeth of the seventh dorsal segment. B. scotti,

Turn., the only remaining African species of the group, may

be at once distinguished from this by the much finer and

sparser puncturation of the thorax and median segment. In

colour odontopyga resembles compedita, Turn., which is allied

to fuscipennis.

Bembex forcipata, Hand.

Bembex forcipata, Handl. Sitzungsh. Akad. Wiss. Wien, cii. p. 798

(1893). 3.

Bembex massaica, Cameron, Sjistedt, Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp, ii.

p. 290 (1910). ¢.

440 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Bembewx liturata, sp. n.

3. Niger; labro albido, basi macula longitudinali brunnea; man-

dibulis, apice excepto, clypeo fascia transversa basali nigra, scapo

subtus, orbitis, pronoto margine postico, propleuris callis humer-

alibus, mesosterno antice, tegulis macula, linea supra tegulas,

scutello margine postico, pedibusque flavis; tibiis supra nigro-

lineatis; segmentis dorsalibus sex basalibus fascia flavo-olivacea ;

segmentis ventralibus primo apice, secundo fascia lata transversa,

3-6 macula utrinque flavis; alis hyalinis, venis fusco-ferrugineis.

9. Mari similis, clypeo dimidio basali nigro; segmento mediano

macula parva utrinque flavo; segmento ventrali secundo dimidio

apicali brunneo-ferrugineo, utrinque flavo-maculato.

Long., ¢ 17, 2 15 mm.

gd. Clypeus strongly convex; inner margin of the eyes

almost parallel ; no carina between the antenna; seventh

joint of the flagellum emarginate at the apex beneath, eighth

with a small spine beneath, ninth and tenth stout, penultimate

joint much broadened, longer than the subconical apical joint.

Tarsi slender, the spines of the comb of the anterior tarsi

slender ; intermediate femora very feebly serrate. Seventh

dorsal segment very broadly rounded or subtruncate at the

apex, with a marginal carina on each side near the base.

Second ventral segment with a strong tubercle, which is

rounded at the apex; sixth with a large raised semicircular

area. Wings rather short, only twice as long as the breadth

of the thorax ; median cell of the hind wing emitting only

one vein from the apex.

?. Basal joint of the fore tarsus with seven spines ; sixth

dorsal segment broadly triangular, very sparsely punctured in

the middle, more coarsely and closely on the sides ; second

ventral segment shining in the middle, with large sparse

punctures.

Hab. 8. Africa, Willowmore (Dr. H. Brauns), December.

The male genitalia are not strongly curved as in the me/a-

nopa group, the relationship being rather with the mediterranea

graup.

Bembex opima, sp. n.

3. Niger, clypeo, mandibulis, apice excepto, Jabroque albo-flavi-

dulis; flagello subtus brunneo-ferrugineo ; scapo, supra nigro

maculato, orbitis, pronoto postice, callis humeralibus, tegulis,

mesonoto linea supra tegulas, scutello margine postico, postscutello

margine postico, segmento mediano fascia angusta apicali, seg-

mento dorsali primo dimidio apicali, secundo antice nigro bi-

sinuato, 3-6 omnino, segmentis yentralibus 2-5 lateribus et

Fabricius’s Types of Odonata in the British Museum. 441

margine apicali, pedibusque flavis; alis hyalinis, venis fusco-

ferrugineis.

flavo, macula parva nigra utrinque, 3-5 basi anguste nigris, sexto

nigro macula flava apicali utrinque; ale antice thoracis latitu-

dine duplo et dimidium longiores.

Long., ¢ 9,16 mm,

3. Clypeus strongly convex, labrum flattened, no carina

between the antenne ; seventh, eighth, and ninth joints of

the flagellum spined beneath, apical joint curved, truncate at

the apex, no longer than the penultimate. Anterior femora

unarmed, intermediate femora very obscurely serrate ; ante-

rior tarsi normal, the basal joint with six spines ; intermediate

tibie and tarsi normal. Second ventral segment with a

strong tubercle acute at the apex; sixth ventral segment

with a slightly raised triangular area; seventh dorsal

segment closely punctured, narrowly rounded at the apex,

the sides with short, stiff, black pubescence. Median cell

of the hind wing emitting two veins from the apex, the lower

vein ill-defined. Head and thorax thickly clothed with

grey pubescence.

?. Middle of the second ventral segment shining, with

deep sparse punctures ; sixth dorsal sezment subtriangular,

very narrowly rounded at the apex, closely punctured, with

stiff sete on the sides, subcarinate longitudinally in the

middle.

Hab. 8. Africa, Willowmore (Dr. H. Brauns), January

and February. ;

The seventh ventral segment of the male has a median

longitudinal carina.

‘This seems to be nearest to capicola, Handl., though

differing in the armature of the ventral segments of the male,

the shape and sculpture of the seventh dorsal segment, and

in other smaller details.

XLII.—On Fabrictus’s Types of Odonata in the British

Museum (Natural History). By HERBERT CAMPION.

As far as I am able to ascertain, the British Museum Collec-

tions include fourteen Dragonflies which have been described

or determined by Fabricius. All but two of them came in

Sir Joseph Banks’s Collection of insects, which was presented

by the Linnean Society in 1863. Although the welfare of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 29

442 Mr. H. Campion on Fabricius’s Types of

the collection necessitated its removal from the large and

ornate cabinet in which it was then contained, it has fortu-

nately remained intact and separate from the main collections

of the Museurn.

With regard to the identification-labels relating to these

historical specimens, an attempt has been made to determine,

by the character of the handwriting itself, whether Fabricius

was the author of all or any of them. Through the good

offices of Mr. J. H. Durrant I have been able to examine the

caligraphy of two holograph letters written by Fabricius in

Paris in 1805. Although both: were produced in the same

year, there is a considerable difference between them in style

and even in the formation of letters—a fact which makes it

all the more difficult to distinguish Fabricius’s hand from

other writing of the same period. At the same time, these

Jabels are in two different styles of writing, at least, and the

two styles may even be detected upon the same label.

Nevertheless, I think it may be assumed that most, if not all,

of the drawer-labels in the Banks Collection are the work of

Fabricius himself. The case of the pin-labels in the General

Collection is much clearer, as they correspond exactly, both in

form and caligraphy, with the labels attached to certain

undoubted Fabrician types of Coleoptera to which Dr. C. d.

Gahan has kindly called my attention.

I. SPECIMENS IN THE BANKS COLLECTION.

The twelve Banksian dragonflies, which nominally repre-

sent as many species, are in a fair state of preservation, and,

with the exception of those labelled Libellula carolina, Aishna

grandis, Agrion virgo, and A, linearis, are the types of

species described by Fabricius at various dates. Five of

these are the types of nominal species merely, the valid

species represented by their types being Lebellula [ Neuro-

themis | stigmatizans, L. | Rhyothemis| notata, aud Agrion

[ Sapho | ciliata. Certain other types referred to by Fabricius

as being in the Banksian Collection are not now to be found

there, and I am unable to learn anything concerning their

fate. The missing insects are Libellula bifasciata (=? Li-

bellula lydia, Drury, ? ), L. variegata (=Lalpopleura lucia,

Drury, 2), and AHshna vuriegata. As regards the last-

named, the British Museum register of accessions expressly

mentions Ashna variegata, from Tierra del Fuego, as being

in the Banksian Collection at the time of its acquisition by

the Museum (1863). In 1887 McLachlan knew of its

disappearance, and wrote, ‘‘ In order to save disappointment,

Odonata in the British Museum. 443

I state that it no longer exists in Mus. Banks, and has

probably been long ago destroyed” (int. Mo. Mag. xxiv.

p-77). It is unlikely now that the obscurity which surrounds

the identity of this species, as well as the history of the type,

will ever be cleared up.

No fewer than five of the specimens under consideration

have obviously incorrect habitats assigned to them in Fa-

bricius’s writings. These are Libellula equestris (= Neuro-

themis tullia, Drury), L. ferruginata (= Crocothemis servilia,

Drury), Zshna grandis (= Aischna cyanea, Miill.), Agrion

ciliata (= Sapho ciliata, F.), and A. lineards (= Mecistogaster

linearis, F.). OE£ course, lapses of this description were not

at all infrequent at a time when little or no importance was

attached to the facts of geographical distribution.

Below each insect stands a large oblong drawer-label, with

a double black border, bearing the name of the genus and

species, as well as a reference to the published description.

The labels applying to Libellula stigmatizans, L. oculata, and

L. carolina have a portion of the reference printed in—z. e.,

“ Fab. Entom. p.” in the case of the two first-named, and

“Linn. S. N. p.” in the case of the last-named. The only

pin-labels of any description are fonr tickets marked with the

British Museum registration number, and five modern-looking

tickets bearing the name of the reputed country of origin.

Three manuscript genus-labels, dividing the collection into

the genera Libellula, A’shna, and Agrion, may also be of

post-Fabrician date.

In considering the specimens seriatim, Fabricius’s original

diagnosis of each of the eight types may be usefully quoted,

but for our present purposes his more detailed descriptions

need not be consulted, and will therefore be omitted.

(1) Libellula stigmatizans, F. ¢. Type.

(= Neurothemis stigmatizans, ’., 9 .)

Labels :— Libellula stigmatizans Fab. Entom. p. 421,

n. 5°’; square white ticket, ‘* Australia,” printed ; round

blue;ticket, ‘£2.

Diagnosis :—* L. flavescens, alis macula apiceque fuscis :

stigmate niveo. Habitat in nova Hollandia. Mus, Bank-

tanum.”’—F., Syst. Ent. p, 421, no. 5 (1775).

This specimen and the next were examined by De Selys,

and were identified by him as the ? and @ respectively of a

single species (Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xiv. pp. 292, 293;

1879). Although he adopted the name of the g (oculata)

as that of the species, the modern rule Rep Ddne page-

444 Mr. H. Campion on Fabricius’s Types of

precedence requires the application to the species of the first

name written by Fabricius (stigmatizans).

(2) Libellula oculata, F. ,jav. Type.

(= Neurothemis stigmatizans, F., 8.)

Labels :—*“ Libellula oculata Fab. Entom, p. 421, n. 6”;

square white ticket, ‘ Australia,” printed; round blue

ticket,.4: ee

Diagnosis :—‘* L. flavescens, alis anticis apice, posticis

margine aqueis: stigmate niveo. Habitat in nova Hollandia,

Mus. Bankianum.”—F., Syst. Ent. p. 421, no. 6 (1775).

Fabricius’s additional words, “ Preecedenti [ Z. stigmatizans |

nimis affinis, cujus forte mera varietas,” are worthy of note.

See also the remarks under (1) ZL. stigmatizans, above.

(3) Libellula indica, F. 9. Type.

(= Rhyothemis variegata, Linn.)

Label :—* Libellula indica Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. 8.”

Diagnosis :—‘‘ Li. alis flavo fuscoque variis apice albis,

posticis macula baseos cyanea. Libellula Arria. Drury Ins.

2. tab. 46. fig. 1. Habitat in Coromandel. Mus. Dom.

Banks.” —F., Spec. Ins. i. p. 521, no. 8 (1781).

The most noticeable difference between Lhyothemis varie-

gata variegata and Rh. variegata arria, the Indian and

Chinese forms of this variable species, is one of size, and in

this respect our type undoubtedly belongs to the smaller

Indian form, the abdomen measuring 20°5 mm. and the hind

wing 30°5 mm.

(4) Libellula notata, F. Type.

(= Rhyothemis notata, F.)

Labels :—“ Libellula notata Fabr. Mss. Ins. n. 19”;

oblong white ticket, ‘‘ Sierra Leone,” written.

Diagnosis :— L. alis planis nigris: maculis apiceque

albis. Habitat in Sierra Leon Africae Mus. Dom. Banks.’’—

F., Mant. Ins. 1. p. 337, no. 19 (1787).

This type is a normal specimen of the West-A frican species

figured and described by Ris as the true notata of Fabricius

(Coll. Selys, Libell., fasc. xv. p. 959, pl. vii.; 1913). The

abdomen is missing, and the sex has not been definitely

determined, although the wing-pattern rather indicates a

male. The hind wing measures 26 mm.

Odonata in the British Museum. 445

(5) Libellula equestris, F. 8. Type.

(= Neurothemis tullia, Drury.)

Labels :—‘ Libellula equestris Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. 20”;

square white ticket, ‘“ Africa,” written.

Diagnosis :— L. alis dimidiato nigris, fascia media nivea.

Habitat in Africa equinoctiali. Mus. Dom. Banks.”—F.,

Spec. Ins. i. p. 523, no. 20 (1781).

This insect agrees very well with Drury’s figure of his

Libellula tullia, adult ¢, from Bombay (Ill. Ex. Ent. ii

pl. xlvi. fig. 3; 1773). That figure, however, fails to show

the transverse white band in the wings, and is also a little

larger than Fabricius’s type, the hind wing measuring 22 mm.,

as compared with 21 mm. Im our type the last antenodal is

continuous in both fore wings. ‘The reference to Africa is, of

course, a mistake, as the genus Veurothemis is entirely

unknown from that continent.

(6) Libellula marginata, F. g. Type.

(=Palpopleura lucia, Drury.)

Labels :—* Libellula marginata Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. 24”;

square white ticket, ‘‘ Africa,” written; round blue ticket,

66 63 7

47°

Diagnosis :— L. alis nigris, anticis macula apicis, posticis

margine albis, Habitat in Africa equinoctiali. Mus. Dom.

Banks.”’—¥., Spec. Ins. i. p. 523, no. 24 (1781).

Comparing this specimen with the plate of coloured figures

of Palpopleura lucia in Ris’s monograph of the Libellulins

(Coll. Selys, Libell., fase. ix. pl. i.), we find that the pattern

of the fore wing is intermediate between the first and second

of those figures, while that of the hind wing is —e

between the second and third figures.

(7) Libellula ferruginata, F. g. Type.

(= Crocothemis servilia, Drury.)

Label :—* Libellula ferruginata Fabr. Sp. Tns Nor bh

The specific name was written originally ‘ ferruginea,” and

was altered subsequently to “ ferruginata.’

Diagnosis :— Li. alis basi eee corpore obscure

ferrugineo. Habitatad Cap. Bon. Spei. dus. Vom. Banks.”

—F., Spec. Ins. i. p. 521, no. 11 (1781).

ye “fer ruginata, F’., has ‘been erroneously identified with the

common African species Crocothemis erythrea, Brullé, because

the Cape of Good Hope was stated to be its habitat. ‘This

446 Mr. H. Campion on Fubricius’s Types of

locality, however, is manifestly a wrong one, as Fabricius’s

type clearly belongs to the Asiatic form Crocothemis servilia,

Drury, 1773. This is shown by the abdomen, which is

parallel-sided and devoid of mid-dorsal black spots, and by

the wings, which are narrow and rather smoky at the tips.

The abdomen measures 27°5 mm. and the hind wing 34 mm.

There are 11} antenodals in each fore wing. Drury’s figure

of Libellula servilia, from China (Ill. Ex. Ent. i. pl. xlvi.

tig. 6; 1770), agrees fairly well with the type of L. ferrugi-

nata, the main points of difference being that the abdomen is

too long and that the coloured area at the base of the fore

wings is too large. In 1793 (Ent. Syst. ii. p. 380) Fa-

bricius treated his L. ferruginata, as wellas L. servilia, Drury,

as synonyms of his L. ferruginea. In the original deserip-

tion of L. ferruginea, 1775, the habitat was given as

“ America,” but in 1793 the habitat was changed to “ China.”

(8) Libellula carolina, Linn. 6.

(=Tramea virginia, Ramb.)

Label :—“ Libellula carolina Linn, 8. N. p. 504. n. 17.”

‘The base of the abdomen is in poor condition, the contents

having apparently been eaten out by mites, and the hamules

have disappeared. Nevertheless, the character of the basal

spot in the hind wing is sufficient to show that the insect is

not the North-American Tramea carolina, Linn., but the

Chinese species now known as Yramea virginia, Ramb.

This Chinese species is usually referred to as Tramea chi-

nensis, De Geer, but, as a case of homonymy is involved,

Dr. Ris (Coll. Selys, Libell. fase. xvi. (1) p. 978; 1913) has

recently restored to it Rambur’s name of virginia. Re-

examination of Rambur’s type has revealed its Asiatic

origin, notwithstanding that author’s erroneous citation of its

habitat as “ Amérique septentrionale” (Ins. Névr. p. 34;

1842).

(9) shna grandis, Linn. 3s.

(= dischna cyanea, Mill.)

Label:—“ Aishna Grandis Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. 2.”

Lieference :—“ A, thorace lineis quatuor flavis, corpore

variegato, Habitat et in Insulis Sandwichii Mus. Dom.

Banks.”’—I*., Mant. Ins. i. p. 339, no. 2 (1787).

In this passage, which is quoted zn ewtenso, Fabricius

proposes to extend the distribution of 4. grandis, as given

in his earlier writings, so as to include the Sandwich Islands.

The locality is not repeated in Fabricius’s list of 1793, and

Odonata in the British Museum. 447

is, of course, entirely erroneous. The insect is, in fact, a g

of the common European species Aschna cyanea, Miill.,

which was not recognized as a distinct species until 1764.

It seems to have been confused by many of the older entomo-

logists with 42. juncea, Linn., or even, as in the present case,

with i. grandis, Linn.

(10) Agrion ciliata, F. 9. Type.

(=Sapho ciliata, ¥.)

Labels :—“ Agrion ciliata Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. 3”; round

blue ticket, “$7.”

Diagnosis :—‘ A. viridi enea, abdomine fusco, pedibus

ciliatis nigris. Habitat in Coromandel. dus. Dom. Banks.”

—F’., Spec. Ins. i. p. 528, no. 3 (1781).

Concerning this specimen De Selys wrote thus:—*“ J’ai

reconnu notre espéce dans l’exemplaire type de lAgrion

ciliatus male, de Fabricius, qui existe encore heureusement

dans la collection de Joseph Bancks, déposée a la Société

Linnéenne de Londres. Dans ses ouvrages, Fabricius in-

dique spar erreur Coromandel comme la patrie du cliatus,

mais j’ai examiné avec soin ’exemplaire type sous le rapport

de la réticulation, et je me suis assuré qu’elle est en tout con-

forme a celle des individus de Sierra Léone” (Monogr.

Calopt. p. 60, 1854). Fabricius’s type, however, is not a

male, as stated by De Selys, but a small example of the

female sex. The abdomen is 41 mm. in length and the hind

wing 37 mm.

(11) Agrion virgo, Linn. ¢.

(= Calopteryx splendens, Harr.)

Label :—“ Agrion Virgo Fabr. Sp. Ins. p. 526. n. 1.”

This is the common European species Calopteryx splendens,

Harr., which was regarded by Linnzeus as merely a form of

C. virgo. Fabricius apparently adopted the same view, and

never recognized Harris’s action in 1782 in separating the two

forms specifically.

(12) Agrion linearis, F. .

aoe (= Mecistogasier linearis, F.)

Label :— Agrion Linearis Fabr. Sp. Ins. No. 5.”

This specimen is not the type, the species having been

described in 1776 from material in the possession of Dr. Fother-

gill. The type cannot now be traced, and in its absence it is

impossible to say precisely what Fabricius’s species may be.

448 Mr. H. Campion on Fabrietus’s Types of

In 1781 he identified it with Mecistogaster lucretia, Drury,

and some colour is lent to this identification by the fact that

both species were described from Fothergill’s collection.

Drury stated that his lueretia came from the Cape of Good

Hope, while Fabricius gave India as the habitat of his

linearis; but, of course, Mecistogaster is exclusively a Neo-

tropical genus. Whatever may be the identity of the

Fabrician type, the species in the Banks Collection is quite

distinct from that figured by Drury. The specimen before

us was examined by De Selys, and referred by him to the

species which he described as J/. linearis, F. (Bull. Acad.

Belg. (2) x. p. 22, 1860). A note appended to that deserip-

tion may be usefully quoted here:—“ L’exemplaire de la

collection Banks & Londres, qui passe pour avoir été étiqueté

par Fabricius, est un male de cette espéce, 4 ptérostigma

brun (semi-adulte). Les figures de Drury et de Sulzer,

citées & ’appui dans |’ Hntomologia systemaiica, sont au con-

traire la lucretia. Quant a la description de Fabricius, elle

peut s’appliquer aux deux espéces. Si l’on devait prendre le

linearis de Fabricius pour synonyme de lucretéa (nom plus

ancien), il faudrait adopter pour notre espéce linearis le nom

de tullia, de Burmeister.”

II. SPECIMENS IN THE GENERAL COLLECTION OF THE

Britisu Museum.

In 1793 (Ent. Syst. ii.) Fabricius referred to three

dragonflies in the British Museum Collection. These were

Libellula trimaculata, De Geer (=L. lydia, Drury), p. 374,

no. 3; LL. sinuata (=Palpopleura lucia, Drury), p. 378,

no. 17; and L. vibrans, p. 380, no.30. The first is involved

in much obscurity, and the second has not been traced at all,

but LZ. vibrans has been identified with certainty. Unlike

the Banksian insects, the two Fabrician specimens now in

the General Collection carry a plain buff pin-label, with the

two upper corners cut off, and bearing the name of the

species in Fabricius’s handwriting.

(1) Libellula lata, F. 9¢.

(=L. lydia, Drury, ¢ .)

Label :—* Libellula lata Fab.”

Apparently this name was never published, and the only

reference to it which I can find is one contained in an inter-

leaved and annotated copy of Linneus’s ‘Systema Nature’

(ed. xii.). This book is preserved in the British Museum

Odonata in the British Museum. 449

(Natural History), but the authorship and date of the supple-

mentary descriptions with which it abounds are unknown

tome. Several manuscript additions to the genus Libellula

have been made, and among them is the following :—

‘lata. LIB. alis planis hyalinis fascia maculaque baseos

nigro- fusca, abdomine carinato glauco.

Mser.*

Hab. in Pensylvania, Marylandia, Carolina.”

These words, however, while agreeing sufficiently well with

the male of Z. lydia, do not apply to the Fabrician specimen,

which is a female of that species.

There seems to be some reason for believing that Libellula

bifasciata, F’., usually identified with LZ. pulchella, Drury,

may be, in reality, the 2 of LZ. lydia, Drury. The last-

named insect is very different in its wing-markings from its

corresponding @, which is undoubtedly the ZL. trimaculata of

De Geer and Fabricius, but is very like Z. pulchella, and

especially the ? of that species. It is true that in 1793

Fabricius identified his L. bifasetata, 1775, both with Drury’s

figure of L. pulchella and also with Petiver’s figure (Gazo-

phylacium, i. pl. xv. fig. 2) of what is clearly intended for

L. lydia, 2. ‘his is, however, evidently a case of confusion,

due to the similar appearance of the two insects, and the

difference in size was overlooked. But it isa very significant

fact that Fabricius compares both bzfaseiata and trimaculata,

in respect of build and size, with LZ. depressa, Linn., and it

may be more natural to look upon them as the ? and ¢,

respectively, of the same species, LZ. lydia, than to regard

bifasciata as L. pulchella, which is decidedly larger than

L. depressa, and trimaculata as L. lydia, 8, which is rather

smaller than L. depressa.

The fact that the specimen under consideration undoubtedly

belongs to ¢rtmaculata, and is the only one of the kind in the

British Museum which possesses any label in Fabricius’s

handwriting, would lead one to suppose that it is really the

type of his description of that species. But this view of the

matter seems to be negatived, both by the description itself,

and by the two figures (De Geer, Mém. Ins. iii. pl. xxvi.

fig. 2, and Petiver, Gazoph. i. pl. xv. fig. 1) cited in illustra-

tion of it, all of which apply to the male sex alone.

(2) Libellula vbrans, F. 9. Type.

Labels :—* Libellula vibrans Fab.” ; ‘“ Georgia.”

Diagnosis :—< L. alis planis albis: macula media atra

450 Mr. O. Thomas on

apicibusque ferrugineis. Habitat — — Mus. Britann.’—F.

Ent. Syst. ii. p. 380, no. 30 (1793).

Although Fabricius did not indicate any locality for this

type, it nevertheless carries a small round label inscribed

“Georgia.” The fact that the written surface of the label

had been placed in direct contact with the pectus of the

dragonfly no doubt led to its being overlooked. The specimen

is in an unusually good state of preservation, and the measure-

ments are as follows: —Abdomen 39°5 mm., hind wing 49 mm.,

pterostigma 7 mm. In the fore wings the triangles are

3-celled, the subtriangles are 6-celled, and the antenodals

number from 163 to 18. At the base of each wing a dark line

in the subcostal space reaches nearly to the third antenodal.

The nodal spot on all wings is small, and no markings of any

kind lie between that spot and the pterostigma. The brown

apical cloud on all wings is small, not reaching inwards much

beyond the distal end of the pterostigma.

XLITI.—A new Vole from Palestine.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1913 the British Museum received as a donation from

Mr. N. Charles Rothschild six voles from Ekron, south-east

of Jaffa, and these were provisionally put down as Microtus

syriacus, Brants.

Inquiry was, however, made of Prof. Matschie as to certain

details of the type of that species, and with the help of his

account I am now able to recognize that the Ekron vole is

distinct and should be described as new.

Microtus philistinus, sp. n.

Like M. lydius, Blackler, but bulle larger.

Size and general colour above quite as in MZ. lydius, the

back sandy brown, rather more buffy than Ridgway’s “ buffy

brown.” Sides more buffy, but not so strongly as in lydius.

Under surface washed with buffy, more so than in lydius, in

which the ends of the hairs are greyish white, less so than

in guentheri. Hands and feet buffy fawn. Tail as long as in

lydius, longer than in guentheri ; its upper surface terminally

aistinetly blackened, which is not the case in lydius ; its

lower surface pale buffy—white in lydius.

a new Vole from Palestine. A451

Skull and teeth like those of MZ. lydius, with the important

exception that the bulla, although unusually variable in size,

are conspicuously larger in most specimens and_ slightly

larger in all. Height from crown to molars markedly less

than in M. hartingi.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 125 mm. ; tail 33; hind foot 20.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 29°7; zygomatic breadth

16°5 ; nasals 8°2 x 3:9; length of brain-case from postorbital

angle backwards 13:6; palatilar length 14°8; diastema 9 ;

palatal foramina 5°5; length of bulla from front of par-

occipital process in a straight line forwards 85; upper

molar series (crowns) 6°9.

Hab. Ekron, 8.E. of Jaffa, Palestine.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 14.1.16.1. Collected

1st December, 1913, by Tl’. Aharoni. Presented by the Hon.

N.C. Rothschild. Six specimens.

From A. guenthert, Danf. & Alst., this species is distin-

guished by its longer tail, and from JZ. lydius by the various

characters above enumerated, notably by its larger bulle.

With regard to the two voles from Palestine described

long ago by Brants & Wagner, “ Hypudeus syriacus” and

“* Hypudeus cinerascens,” the latter is soon disposed of, as it

is clearly a hamster (Cricetulus), and not a vole at all.

Mr. Aharoni has sent examples from Jaffa agreeing with the

description in every detail.

Microtus syriacus, from the Lebanon (fide Matschie), is

said to be a greyish, not a sandy-brown, species, and the

accounts of the type sent me by Prof. Matschie show it to

have been smaller than M. philistinus (upper tooth-row

5°7 mm., diastema 6°9), and to have been apparently of a

different group of voles. For he says of the teeth that m,

has only seven spaces, with four projecting angles on its outer

side, numbers never found in the present group, in which

nine spaces and five outer angles always occur.

_ Whether MM. syriacus may prove to be a young Chiono-

mys or some totally different form of vole, still remains to

be seen. Both Brants and Matschie have been struck by the

unusual length of its whiskers, the longest of which measures

36°55 mm. Those of J, philistinus are of quite moderate

length.

I have provisionally used a binomial for the Ekron vole,

but think it probable that it may grade into M. lydius and

guenthert, the latter the earliest described of the group.

A452 Mr. O. Thomas on the small Hamsters

XLIV.—On the small Hamsters that have been referred

to Cricetulus phzus and campbelli, By Otxprizip

Tomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue small unstriped Hamsters with naked soles, which

occur over an area ranging from the Crimea, Asia Minor,

and Palestine on the west to the Altai, Kashehar, and

Ladak on the east, have all been eethier referred to one

species, called phaus, or occasionally split up into several on

size, a character that proves most illusory. Both their

nomenclature and characters still remain in much confusion.

Firstly, I regret to say that the name pheus does not

stand for any of them, as it is antedated by an earlier term.

In 1773* Pallas described, of this group, the species

migratorius (type-locality: R. Ural, 8.W. of Orenburg),

sungorus ¢ (RK. Irtish, Siberia), arenarius (Irtish), and

barabensis (Irtish) the first and fourth of which he chan ged

in the ‘Glires’ ¢ to accedula and furunculus, while he added to

them pheus (type-locality: Lower Volga, near Sarepta).

By a curious fatality, not unusual in nomenclature, this

name, the latest of all, got complete dominance over the

others, and has been universally used to the present time.

No doubt the wide utilization of Pallas’s well-known ‘ Glires’

was the cause of the mistakes involved.

Putting aside sungorus and barabensis (furunculus) as not

of the “pheus’’ group, we may first accept without hesi-

tation Dr. Satunin’s opinion § that accedula (i. e. migra-

torius) is the same as pheus, both being from the same

region of Southern Russia. This acceptance, however,

involves the use of the senior name, migratorius, and the

consequent disappearance of pheus. Dr. Satunin also

considers arenarius, from the Irtish, as the same species.

On laying out the whole Museum series assigned to

“ nhaus,” rather more than 80 in number, I find that while

the Central Asiatic forms are, as a general rule, larger, with

larger teeth and longer hair than those from the west, yet

that both skull and teeth vary in series of each form to such

an extent as tooverlap each other. I therefore provisionally

* Reise, ii. pp. 703-704 (1773).

+ Sungorus cannot be treated as a misprint for songarus, as has

commonly been done, for it not only occurs both in text and plate, but is

also used in the same form for another animal on p. 7380.

t-P. 8641779).

§ Mittheil. Kaukas. Mus. ii. p. 340 (1906).

rejyerred to Cricetulus pheeus and campbelli. 453

combine them all (except a set from Ladak) as one species,

which, as shown above, should bear the name migra-

torius.

The status of the Grecian form, Cricetulus atticus, and

that of Palestine, to which the name cinerascens* applies,

I do not propose at present to discuss, but I confess I doubt

very much if either of them deserves specific distinction

from C. migratorius.

Putting aside these, the subspecies of C. migratorius

which may be recognized appear to be as follows :—

C. migratorius migratorius, Pall.

Synn. accedula, Pall., pheus, Pall., eversmanni, Brandt.

Type-locality. R. Ural.

Range. 8. Russia, Caucasus region, Transcaspia, Persia,

and Asia Minor south of the coastal forest-region of the

north-east.

Size comparatively small; skull about 27 mm. in length,

its upper tooth-row 4 mm., the teeth themselves narrow

and light. Fur short, hairs of back about 9 mm. in length.

Colour above pale grey, generally with indistinct median

darker dorsal shading. Hairs of under surface with grey

bases, except that they are wholly white on an area on the

throat, which extends in a median point down to between

the fore legs.

C. migratorius vernula, subsp. n.

Type-locality. Khotz, near Trebizond.

Range no doubt all the forest coastal strip along the

south-east corner of the Black Sea.

Size averaging slightly larger than in true migratorius.

Fur of back 8-9 mm. in length. Colour darker through-

out, the upper surface near “ mouse-grey,” the median dark

dorsal area faintly evident. Hairs of under surface with a

shorter length of white above the slaty, and the white itself

not so pure, but faintly suffused with buffy ; white throat-area

less extended towards the chest, ending about halfway

towards the fore limbs. Ears with proectote markedly

blackish. Tail distinctly darker above, at least for its basal

half,

Dimensions of type :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 82; hind foot 17; ear 17°5.

Skull: greatest length 28:2 ; condylo-incisive length 26 ;

palatal foramina 5; upper molar series 42.

* Hypudeus cinerascens, Wagn. Wiegm. Arch, 1848, p. 184.

454 Mr. O. Thomas on the small Hamsters

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6.5.1.83. Original

number 2443. Collected 25th February, 1906, by A. Robert.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Seven skins and six speci-

mens in spirit. ;

A darker and more saturate race of C. migratorius, a

variation which occurs in other forms from the same district.

Its range eastwards iuto Trans-Caucasia remains to be

worked out, but a specimen in spirit from the Talysch Mts.

appears to be very similar to it. To the south, a specimen

from ‘60 miles north of Erzeroum” (Woosnam) would

also seem to be referable to the same species.

C. migratorius arenarius, Pall.

Type-locality. Baraba Steppes, Lower Irtish, Siberia.

Southwards to Lake Balkhash.

Under surface wholly white, the hairs white to their

bases.

A spirit-specimen from Mt. Bek Dauata, north of Lake

Balkhash (W. Bateson), has head and body 94 mm., tail 26,

hind foot 15. Its skull measures 28°5 mm. in total length,

its tooth-row 4°2 mm.

The Museum only contains the above-mentioned spirit-

specimen, whose agreement with Pallas’s description as to

the whiteness of the under surface leads me to assign it to

the true arenarius, and to consider the next form, of which

we have a large number of specimens, as distinct.

C. migratorius griseiventris, Sat.

Type-locality. R. Bis-shen-gol, Altain-nuru, Gobi Altai.

Range. Central Asia. Samarkand and eastwards along

the Thian Shan, filling up the area between the ranges of

arenarius and fulvus.

Size averaging larger and teeth heavier than in the

western forms. Fur longer—hairs of back 10 mm. or more.

General colour above pale grey, more or less strongly

suffused with buffy or fulvous. Under surface with the

hairs snowy white to the bases on throat and inguinal

region, but broadly slaty at base on the belly.

A male from Djarkent measures:—Head and _ body

120 mm.; tail 27; hind foot 16. Skull: greatest length

30; upper tooth-row 4:5.

Of this form the Museum possesses a fine series from

Djarkent, collected by W. Riickbeil, besides specimens

from Samarkand, Dzungaria, Hami and elsewhere in the

Carruthers collection. It differs from C. m. arenarius by

the presence of broad slaty bases on the belly hairs,

referred to Cricetulus pheus and campbelli. 455

C. migratorius fulvus, Blanf.

Type-locality. Kashgar.

Range between 35° and 41° N., 74° and 80° E., so far as

our specimens show, but probably extending considerably

further, especially towards the east.

Like C. m. griseiventris in all respects except that the

general colour is a little paler; the white of the under

surface passes higher up on the sides, and is less modified by

slaty bases, which are only present, and then very incon-

spicuously, on the centre of the belly.

Mr. Holmes-Tarn collected some specimens of this beauti-

ful little Hamster on the Karakash River, Chinese Turkestan,

and Mr. Carruthers an example on the north side of the

Karakoram Mts. The original specimens were obtained

during the Yarkand Mission, and the type is in Calcutta.

Subspecies fulvus and griseiventris are no doubt very

closely allied, but may apparently be distinguished by the

darker colour and greater amount of slaty on the belly of

the latter.

In the nearly or quite pure white belly fulvus agrees with

the typical arenarius of much further north, though the two

appear to be separated by the range of griseiventris. Speci-

mens from many further localities will be needed before the

exact relations of the three can be determined.

Although I provisionally accept Dr. Satunin’s view as to

the Central Asian Hamsters belonging to the same species

as C. migratorius, | think it not improbable that they really

ought to be divided into two species—a small-toothed one,

of which migratorius and vernula, and perhaps arenarius,

would be subspecies ; and a large-toothed Asiatic one, con-

sisting of the subspecies fulvus and griseiventris.

But the following animal must in any case be distin-

guished as a species :—

Cricetulus alticola, sp. n.

General characters and colour above about as in C. m.

fulcus, but the hairs of the under surface broadly slaty at

base, even on chest and throat, those of the chin being alone

white to their roots. Ears grey, not darkened on the pro-

ectote. Tail heavily haired, wholly white.

Skull distinguished from that of all forms of C. migra-

torius by its conspicuously smaller bulle, small both verti-

cally and horizontally. Palatal foramina comparatively

long, parallel-sided. ’

456 Mr. O. Thomas on small Hamsters.

Dimensions of type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 98 mm. ; tail 381 ; hind foot 15:5; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 27; condylo-incisive length 24;

palatilar length 11:3; palatal foramina 5°5; breadth of

bulla at right angles to its greatest diameter 3°3; upper

tooth-row 3:9.

Hab. Ladak. Type from Shushal, 13,500’ ; other speci-

mens from Durgu Vil and Khardong (Crump), and Teza,

Upper Sutlej Valley (Whitehead).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6.10.3.18. Original

number 115. Collected 29th June, 1906, by C. M. Crump,

and presented to the National Museum by Col. Ward.

Four specimens in all.

This Hamster has a quite extraordinary resemblance to

the pale-coloured Voles of the genus Alticola (e. g.,

A. stracheyi, cricetulus, or phasma), with which it agrees in

proportions, length and colour of fur, and external appear-

ance generally ; it even has, unlike C. migratorius, their slaty-

_ based throat-hairs. In fact, the only points that show it is

not a Vole are the shorter and more “ pudsy ” feet and the

finely-haired untufted ears—neither of which affect the

general appearance.

C.m. fulvus is also very like Alticola phasma above, but

the resemblance is spoilt below by the nearly wholly white

under surface. :

This Ladak Hamster is probably most nearly allied to the

Tibetan C. lama, B.-Ham., but is considerably smaller and

has a shorter tail.

With regard to the systematic-arrangement of the small

Hamsters, I agree with Mr. Miller as to the advisability of

generically separating my Cricetulus bedfordie from the

others (genus Phodopus, Miller), and would, indeed, go

further by also distinguishing the species sungorus and

campbelli, which have an intermediate condition, both of

foot-structure and dentition. The new genus might be

called :—

CRICETISCUS, g. Nn.

Soles densely hairy, the three posterior of the six normal

pads completely suppressed, and the three distal ones very

small, hidden in the hair. Teeth neither so complicated as

those of Cricetulus, in whieh there is a broad notch, and

commonly a deep pit, between the outer and inner main.

cusps of each lamina, nor so simplified as those of Phodopus,

in which the notch is reduced and the pit is absent.

' Genotype: C. campbelli. (Cricetulus campbelli, Thos.)

On new Pyralide of the Subfamily Hydrocampina. 457

Other species: C. sungorus. (Mus sungorus, Pall.)

Although C.sungorus was known so much the earlier, it is

only represented in the material available to me by a single

dried skin, in which the characters are not very clearly dis-

cernible. With both skins, skulls, and a spirit-specimen of

C. campbelli for examination, I therefore think it advisable

to make that species the genotype.

The position of Satunin’s Cricetulus roborovskit is not

clear, as his expression “ Die Sohlen sind dicht mit weissem

Haar bekleidet”’ is applicable either to a Phodopus or a

Cricetiscus.

XLV.—Descriptions of New Pyralidie of the Subfamilies

Hydrocampine, Scopariane, &c. By Sir Georee F.

Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

(Continued from p. 376. ]

(12) Cataclysta nyasalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with dark brown witha

cupreous gloss; antenne brown ringed with white; palpi white,

black-brown above; fore and hind femora and tibie black-brown

above; claspers of male yellowish. Fore wing with the base white,

brown at costa; an inwardly oblique orange-yellow antemedial

band from cell to inner margin, defined by brown lines and with

white beyond the outer line; the medial area white very thickly

irrorated with dark cupreous brown; postmedial line white, slightly

incurved below vein 3 and ending at tornus, an orange-yellow band

beyond it from below costa to vein 8; the terminal area brown with

a white line from costa before apex to termen at vein 4, an orange-

yellow band beyond it on termen from apex to discal fold; cilia

dark brown with some white at tips. Hind wing white, very

thickly irrorated with dark cupreous brown from near base to the

subterminal line, which is black-brown defined on each side by

white, slightly incurved below vein 2; five partly conjoined ocellate

black spots on termen from below apex to above tornus, with

metallic silvery points between them, the anal spot larger with the

silvery point in its centre, some orange-yellow points beyond them

on termen; cilia cupreous brown at base, white slightly tinged

with brown at tips. }

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 3 5, 1 Q type.

Exp. 10 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. xix. 30

458 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2a) Cataclysta atriterminalis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous mixed with some

silvery white; palpi with the 8rd joint brownish ; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing white, the costal

area brownish ochreous ; an inwardly oblique orange-yellow ante-

medial band from discal fold to inner margin, defined by brownish

lines ; a short orange- ‘yellow fascia beyond the cell; brownish sub-

terminal spots at veins 6 and 2 and above tornus. Hind wing

white; an oblique orange-yellow medial band edged by brownish

lines, the yellow extending on inner margin to near tornus; the

terminal area broadly black with some whitish scales and some

orange scales on termen.

Hab. Cutepes, Saugir I. (Doherty), 1 2 type. Exp. 10 mm.

(47 a) Cataclysta obliquifascia, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax fulvous yellow mixed with grey-brown ;

abdomen brownish white, dorsally tinged with ochreous yellow

except towards base and with dark ‘brown segmental lines ; antenne

dark brown except at base; palpi yellowish, the 3rd joint dark

brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged

with brown, the fore femora towards extremities, the tibize and

tarsi dark brown, the tibiz banded with yellowish, the mid tibiz

with dark brown stripe above, the tarsi ringed with dark brown.

Fore wing fulvous yellow; small subbasal and antemedial brown

spots on costa and slight brown marks on inner margin before and

at middle; an obliquely curved reddish-brown fascia from costa

before apex to middle of discocellular, with a whitish fascia below

it; an oblique rather diffused reddish-brown line from before

termen at discal fold to inner margin before tornus, with some

whitish beyond it; a fulvous-yellow terminal band defined on inner

side by a reddish-brown line; cilia white at base, brown at tips.

Hind wing golden yellow, the costal area to below the cell and to

beyond middle white; an oblique dark brown medial band from

cell to inner margin, and a rather diffused oblique postmedial line

from vein 4 to inner margin ; an incurved subterminal brown line

from costa to discal fold; a series of small black-brown spots before

termen from below apex to vein 2, some metallic silver beyond

them on termen ; cilia yellow at base, with black line at middle,

the tips white tinged with brown.

Hab, Brazit, Pernambuco (Swale), 1 9 type. Hap. 16 mm.

(51) Cataclysta chionostola, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax white slightly tinged with rufous; abdo-

men white ; antenne brownish except towards base ; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore legs slightly tinged

with rufous and the tibiz with black-brown streak below. Fore

Pyralide of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 459

wing silvery white; two cupreous-brown points at base; ante-

medial line cupreous brown, oblique to above vein 1, then inwardly

oblique, a patch of pale yellow before it below the cell; a very

oblique cupreous-brown line from middle of costa to below sub-

median fold well beyond middle, then recurved to inner margin, an

oblique striga beyond it in end of cell and another beyond the

cell, with a yellowish tinge between them ; a triangular postmedial

patch of the ground-colour from costa to below vein 4, defined at

sides by yellow-brown lines ; two cupreous-brown subterminal lines

with a yellowish tinge between them, from just below costa to just

above inner margin, incurved below vein 3; a cupreous-brown line

before termen. Hind wing silvery white; a faint yellow and

brown tinge in and below middle of cell; a straight oblique

cupreous-brown medial line ; postmedial line cupreous brown, in-

curved between veins 6 and 2; two cupreous-brown subterminal

lines with a yellowish tinge between them, the inner line slightly

incurved between veins 6 and 2, the outer angled outwards at

vein 6, then slightly waved and joining the inner line at submedian

fold ; a cupreous-brown subapical striga and a line before termen

from the angle of the outer subterminal line to vein 2.

Hab. Perv, Rio Pacaya, 1 2 type. Hxp. 18 mm.

(4a) Ambia chrysogramma, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last slightly tinged with

brown on dorsum; antennz with an ochreous tinge. Fore wing

silvery white, the costa tinged with orange-yellow towards base; a

small tuft of rufous scales below middle of costa with the orange-

yellow antemedial and medial lines arising below it and rather

diverging towards inner margin; a conical postmedial patch

defined by orange-yellow from costa to vein 5, with a brown point

on the line defining its outer side at costa; an orange-yellow sub-

terminal line, exeurved to submedian fold, where it is angled in-

wards, a fine yellow-brown line beyond it, incurved below vein 2,

the terminal area tinged with yellow. Hind wing silvery white; a

small orange-yellow discoidal spot; an orange-yellow postmedial

line, excurved to vein 4, then bent inwards to origin of vein 2 and

oblique to inner margin; an orange-yellow subterminal line, ex-

curved to vein 2, then incurved, a fine yellow-brown line beyond it;

the terminal area tinged with yellow.

Hab. Samoa Is., Pago (de la Garde), 1 5,1 Q type. Exp.

12 mm.

(9b) Ambia cymophoralis, sp. n.

3. Head white, the antenne tinged with ochreous, the palpi

yellow behind ; thorax and abdomen white, the tegule with sub-

dorsal orange-yellow stripes, the patagia orange-yellow above and

the dorsum of thorax orange-yellow except the metathorax, the

abdomen banded with orange-yellow; pectus, legs, and ventral

30*

460 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

surface of abdomen white, the fore femora above and tibiz on inner

side yellowish with some black at the femoro-tibial joint. Fore

wing orange-yellow with a fulvous tinge; some white at base in

and below the cell; an erect silvery-white subbasal band ; a silvery-

white band just before middle, defined on each side by dark brown

below the cell, excurved below the costa and above inner margin

and emitting a spur at discal fold to the white discoidal lunule

defined by black except above; the medial part of costa white; a

silvery-white wedge-shaped mark in discal fold before the post-

medial band, which is silvery white defined on each side by dark

brown, incurved below costa, then excurved to vein 3, below which

it is angled inwards, then erect with its outer edge excurved at

submedian fold; a silvery-white subterminal band from costa to

vein 1, defined on each side by dark brown, strongly on outer side,

its extremities at costa and above vein 1 dilated into spots, ex-

curved between those points; cilia white, chequered with brown at

apex and with orange-yellow at middle and tornus. Hind wing

orange-yellow with a slight fulvous tinge, the base white ; a silvery-

white antemedial band from cell to inner margin connected with a

silvery-white patch in end of cell with a black discoidal bar on its

outer edge ; a silvery-white postmedial band, excurved and defined

on outer side by brown to vein 2, then incurved; a silvery-white

subterminal band defined on each side by black from costa to vein 1,

its extremities on costa and above vein’1 expanding into spots,

excurved between those points; cilia white, chequered with red-

brown towards apex and at middle.

Hab. LovrsiavE Is., St. Aignan I. (Week), 3 3 type, Rossel I.

(Meek), 1 9. Hap. 16-18 mm.

(16a) Ambia rufitincta, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white suffused with rufous, the

last slightly irrorated with dark brown towards base and strongly

with black towards extremity ; antenne white tinged with yellow ;

palpi white tinged with yellow and with some black above ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white. Fore wing

white suffused with rufous and slightly irrorated with brown ; Pf

faint inwardly oblique rufous antemedial line; a curved black

medial line, rather diffused on inner side and incurved at median

nervure ; an oblique slightly curved blackish postmedial line from

costa to vein 2 above tornus, defined on outer side by white ; a fine

brown terminal line from costa to vein 2. Hind wing white

suffused with rufous and slightly irrorated with brown except on

inner area ; a patch of diffused black scales in and beyond end of

cell; postmedial line black, oblique and defined on outer side by

white to vein 4, then obsolete and retracted to beyond lower angle

of cell, then curved and rather diffused to inner margin; a fine

brown terminal line except toward tornus.

Hab. Perv, Cuzco Mts. (Garlepp), 1 Q type. Ep. 14 mm.

Pyral.de of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 461

(17 a) Ambia hemigrammalis, sp. n.

®. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with fulvous

yellow and irrorated with some black scales; palpi white banded

with black; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,

the fore tibize banded with black. Fore wing white; a subbasal

black bar from costa; an antemedial black line from costa to discal

fold and some scales at inner margin; a broad oblique orange-

yellow shade from below costa before the postmedial line to inner

margin before middle, irrorated with some black scales and with

black striz on it on each side of the discocellulars ; a strong oblique

black postmedial line from costa to discal fold, then an incurved

shade formed by blackish scales with the area beyond it orange-

yellow; an orange-yellow bar from costa before apex, thena double

eurved black line filled in with silvery white; the terminal area

orange-yellow, narrowing to a point below apex; cilia white, black

at base at apex and with a black patch between veins 4 and 2.

Hind wing white, the basal area irrorated with black and with a

black patch at end of cell; the terminal half suffused with orange-

yellow and slightly irrorated with brown; a dark brown shade

between veins 7 and 2 before the indistinct double dark postmedial

line filled in with white ; a narrow white band defined by slight

dark lines before the termen which is yellow, the band not ex-

tending to tornus; cilia white, dark brown at base from vein 4 to

tornus.

Hab. PEru, Yungas de la Paz (Seebold), 12 type. xp.

12 mm.

(17 6) Ambia sufetulodes, sp. n.

the prothorax and patagia at middle with brown spots, the abdomen

suffused with brown towards extremity, leaving white segmental

lines ; palpi and maxillary palpi white banded with black; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibize, spurs,

and tarsi banded with black. Fore wing white, the basal and

terminal areas suffused with brown, the medial area with broad

brownish shade; a white subbasal band, defined on inner side by

black ; a white antemedial band, defined on each side by black and

incurved below submedian fold; two semicircular white marks

defined by black on medial part of costa, the first with black point

at costa; a small round black discoidal spot; a postmedial white

band defined on each side by black, excurved to vein 5, then in-

curved, expanding somewhat at costa; an oblique white streak

from apex and a blackish line before termen excurved at middle ;

a dark terminal line except at the excision at discal fold; cilia

white with some brown at apex and middle. Hind wing white, the

terminal area suffused with brown, broadly towards costa and

narrowing to tornus; some brown near base; a broad oblique

462 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

brown band from discal fold before the small blackish discoidal

spot to inner margin before the postmedial line, with a white bar

on it at inner margin; postmedial line black defined on outer side

by white, incurved below discal fold, then excurved; a black line

before termen ; a black terminal line from apex to vein 3 except at

the excision at discal fold, and black strie# at veins 2 and 1; cilia

white with some brown at apex and middle.

Hab. Peru, R. Pacaya, 1 9 type. Harp. 14 mm.

(226) Ambia fulvicolor, sp. n.

o. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow suffused with fulvous,

the last with subdorsal white segmental bands ; frons and 8rd joint

of palpi white ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white

tinged with fulvous. Fore wing yellow suffused with fulvous; an

oblique subbasal silvery-white band from cell to inner margin, with

some red-brown before it; some dark brown on costa before the

antemedial silvery-white band, which is interrupted in the cell,

oblique towards costa and below the cell and defined by red-brown ;

the cell suffused with red-brown except towards base; a fulvous

lunule at end of cell defined by dark brown and with some white

beyond it; the fovea above end of cell white defined by dark brown

and with a silvery-white point above it on costa; some dark brown

on.costa before an oblique silvery-white postmedial band from costa

to vein 4 and a triangular mark from vein 2 to inner margin, both

defined on outer side by the dark brown postmedial line which is

angled inwards at vein 2, the costa beyond it dark brown; a

slightly sinuous dark brown subterminal line with a series of small

silvery-white spots before it from below costa to inner margin, the

hair on which is dark brown below it; cilia white mixed with some

yellow and chequered with dark brown below apex and at veins 4,

3, 2. Hind wing yellow suffused with fulvous along median ner-

vure and on terminal area, the base white; an oblique silvery-

white antemedial band defined by dark red-brown; a fulvous

discoidal spot defined by dark red-brown; postmedial line dark

brown defined on inner side by a silvery-white band, slightly in-

curved below vein 4; a sinuous dark brown subterminal line

defined on inner side by silvery-white spots, small to vein 5, then

interrupted to just above vein 8, larger and more diffused below

vein 38; cilia white mixed with some yellow, chequered with dark

brown at apex and between veins 5 and 2.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Kumusi R. (Meek), 1 3 type. Hap,

18 nm.

(23 6) Ambia albiflavalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with yellowish;

antenne ochreous ; frons yellow; palpi yellow with the 3rd joint

white; pectus, legs, and yentral surface of abdomen white. Fore

Pyralide of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 463

wing silvery white; the base orange-yellow with oblique outer

edge; an obliquely curved orange-yellow antemedial band; an

orange-yellow band from end of cell to inner margin, the end of

cell tinged with brown and the fovea above it with two brown

points on its upper edge, a yellow patch with a white spot on it

beyond it on costal area; an orange-yeilow subterminal band

detined at sides by brown, obliquely curved to vein 2, then bent

outwards to tornus, giving off on inner side between veins 4 and 2

a yellowish fascia tinged with brown to lower end of cell; a pale

brown terminal band. Hind wing silvery white ; an orange-yellow

antemedial band from cell to inner margin; a curved orange-yellow

postmedial band detined by red-brown from costa to vein 1, its

outer edge angled outwards at vein 4; a sinuous orange-yellow

subterminal band defined by red-brown and ending at tornus, its

outer edge excurved at discal fold to the narrow orange-yellow

terminal band defined on inner side by a red-brown line and ending

at submedian fold.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Lagos (Dudgeon), 1 d type. Exp. 14 mm.

(23 f) Ambia niveiplagalis, sp. n.

do. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with red-brown

-and dark brown, the head with dark line between antennz, the

tegule dorsally and patagia at middle with white patches, the

abdomen -pale towards extremity and with white bands; antennz

yellowish ringed with black ; palpi pale red-brown, the 8rd joint

white with red-brown band towards extremity; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore legs tinged with red-

brown, the abdomen with faint brownish bands. Fore wing

yellowish tinged with rufous and irrorated with dark brown; an

inwardly oblique blackish antemedial line, excurved above inner

margin and with a dark shade before it from subcostal nervure to

inner margin; an oblique slightly sinuous blackish medial line with

a white striga before it in and below the cell, where it is conjoined

to a silvery-white patch below the submedian fold extending to

inner margin and to the antemedial line ; a quadrate silvery-white

spot beyond the cell defined by blackish and a quadrate patch from

vein 2 to inner margin defined by blackish at sides, the fovea above

end of cell white ; an oblique elliptical silvery-white patch defined

by blackish from costa, to which it narrows, to vein 4; an apical

white spot, then a curved series of white spots defined by blackish,

minute to vein 3, the spots. below veins 3 and 2 larger; cilia red-

brown mixed with white. Hind wing yellowish tinged with rufous

. and irrorated with dark brown ; a broad subbasal silvery-white band

defined by dark brown and with red-brown spot on it at inner

margin; a rather lunulate silvery-white spot beyond the cell defined

by dark brown; a rounded postmedial silvery-white patch defined

by dark brown from costa to vein 4, a spot below vein 3, and a

eurved band from vein 2 to above tornus; a triangular silvery-

464 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

white apical spot, small conjoined subterminal spots above and

below vein 4and larger rather wedge-shaped spots below veins 3

and 2; cilia reddish brown mixed with some white.

Hab. Perv, Carabaya, Oconeque (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Hap.

20 mim.

(806) Ambia melanistis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown mixed with some

white; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore

wing very dark red-brown with a blackish tinge; an antemedial

white point on costa and medial bar from costa; a slightly ex-

curved punctiform white postmedial lme from costa to discal fold,

the line then almost obsolete and incurved below vein 4, with white

points above and below vein 1, a metallic silvery patch before it

between veins 3 and 1 and a small spot at middle of inner margin ;

a curved punctiform white subterminal line; cilia whitish. Hind

wing very dark red-brown with a blackish tinge ; the basal part of

costa white ; an antemedial white point on inner margin; a small

metallic silvery spot beyond the cell; an oblique postmedial white

band from costa to vein 4 and a minute spot above tornus; a

curved white subterminal line from costa to discal fold and a series

of stria between discal fold and vein 1; the termen more rufous;

cilia white.

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman),1 9 type. Hap.12 mm.

§(38 a) Ambia argentistriata, sp. n.

Fore wing of male on underside with large costal fold from

before middle to near apex; hind wing in both sexes on upperside

with tuft of long spatulate hairs below end of cell.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the tegule and patagia

with scarlet streaks, the abdomen dorsally suffused with rufous ;

palpi tinged with rufous; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdo-

men white tinged with rufous. Fore wing orange-yellow; the

basal area suffused with scarlet, irrorated with a few black scales

and with some silver scales below costa; a curved scarlet ante-

medial line; the medial area except towards costa and the post-

medial area below vein 4 with a silvery gloss finely striated with

dark brown; a scarlet line from upper angle of cell, oblique to

vein 8, then erect, with a yellow streak tinged with scarlet in sub-

median fold to the antemedial line and beyond it on the silvery

area, the area beyond the line, except the silvery area, yellow tinged

with scarlet with brilliant silver streaks defined by black scales in

the interspaces of the postmedial area from below costa to vein 4

and a streak of black scales below vein 4, its extremity connected

by a line formed by black scales with the inner margin and in-

curved at submedian fold; a curved brilliant silver line before

termen and a terminal series of black strie ; cilia with brown mixed

Pyralide of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 465

except at base. Hind wing white; a triangular area from origin

of vein 2 to termen between discal fold and vein 2 orange-yellow ;

the tuft of scales below end of cell black; a curved scarlet post-

medial line between veins 5 and 2; a brilliant silver line before

termen from costa to vein 5, then a series of small brilliant silver

spots with black points before and beyond them on each side of veins

4to 2; the termen narrowly orange-yellow to apex ; cilia white, their

bases orange-yellow with a brown line at base to vein 2.

Ab. 1. Head, thorax, abdomen, fore wing, and the triangular

patch on hind wing yellowish suffused with rufous, the scarlet

markings replaced by rufous, the fore wing with silvery marks

before the antemedial line in the interspaces.

Hab. W. Couomsta, Jiminez, 1 ¢ type, W.slopes,1 5. Eup.

20 mm.

(88 ¢) Ambia pheomeralis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white mixed with brown ;

palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged

with brown, the tarsi dark brown ringed with white. Fore wing

grey-white thickly irrorated with brown; an indistinct brown

medial line defined on inner side by whitish, excurved to median

nervure, then sinuous; a slight dark discoidal spot ; a large patch

of dark brown suffusion from costa to vein 2 before the postmedial

line which is white slightly defined on outer side by brown and

excurved from costa to vein 2 near termen, then almost obsolete

and retracted to below the angle of cell, then more distinct, defined

on inner side by brown and waved to inner margin; a series of dark

strize before termen froin below apex to above tornus. Hind wing

white thickly irrorated with dark brown, the base, cell, and costal

area to near apex white; the tuft of hairs below end of cell black-

brown ; subterminal line white, excurved to vein 2, then sinuous;

a series of ocellate black spots on termen from apex to submedian

fold, defined on inner side by white with a fine sinuous dark line

before it and with slight orange marks between them, the spots

from apex to discal fold minute, then larger and with a black line

beyond them on termen ; cilia white, metallic silver at base.

Hab. Boxtvia, Yungas de la Paz (Seebold), 1 2 type. Eup.

22 mm,

(4a) Oligostigma centrimacula, sp. n.

Antenne of male fringed with hair above at one-third from base ;

hind tibiz fringed with hair below towards base,

Head and thorax white, the head tinged with rufous behind, the

patagia with some black-brown on outer edge; abdomen white,

suffused with pale yellow except towards extremity; antennz

tinged with rufous; palpi with some black on extremity of 2nd

joint behind; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,

466 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

the fore femora above and tibie on inner side black, the tarsi ringed

with black. Fore wing orange-yellow, the costa red-brown to end

of cell; a white fascia in the cell from before middle extending to

well beyond the cell and with the dark cupreous red-brown dis-

coidal spot on it; a curved silvery-white subterminal band defined

on outer side by a black line from below costa to submedian fold in

which it is bent inwards as a streak; a fine brown terminal line;

cilia white. Hind wing with the basal half white with oblique

outer edge defined by a strong black-brown line between discal and

submedian folds; the terminal half orange-yellow with oblique

silvery-white subterminal bar from costa to vein 6 and subterminal

silvery-white band defined by dark brown lines between veins 4 and

1; four minute rather quadrate black spots on termen between

vein 5 and submedian fold; cilia white, metallic silvery at base

beyond the spots.

Hab. QUEENSLAND, Kuranda (Dodd), 1 3, 19 type. Hzp.

16 mm.

(Le) Oligostigma peruviensis, sp. n.

Head and thorax dark brown mixed with white, the patagia with

white streak on upper edge towards base, the metathorax edged

with white ; abdomen brown with white segmental bands; antennz

white ringed with brown; palpi brown with some white in front

and at tips; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,

the legs tinged with brown, the abdomen tinged with brown except

towards base and with white segmental lines. Fore wing cupreous

brown mixed with some ochreous; an obliquely curved somewhat

dentate blackish subbasal line defined on each side by slight white

marks except towards costa; antemedial line white defined on each

side by dark brown, oblique to median nervure, angled outwards at

median nervure and submedian fold, then very oblique, forked

white streaks beyond it at submedian fold; the medial area with

white spots on costa, in the cell, and at inner margin; a white

- medial line, oblique to submedian fold, then excurved; a rather

lunulate black discoidal spot defined by ochreous ; the postmedial

area with a loop formed by sinuous white lines from costa to

vein 2, enclosing a white band to vein 4 rather constricted below

costa ; a narrow white band from below costa to vein 1, its inner

edge irregular and incurved at discal and submedian folds before an

orange-yellow terminal band defined on inner side by a black line

and on outer by black striz on termen; cilia white with a brown

line near base and the tips with brown mixed. Hind wing cupreous

brown ; a sinuous white subbasal band; a white antemedial line;

a broad white medial band ; postmedial line white, angled inwards

below costa and outwards at vein 4, then bent inwards and sinuous

to inner margin; a white band with sinuous inner edge from discal

to submedian fold before the terminal orange-yellow band defined

on inner side by a black line; a series of five small ocellate black

Pyralids of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 467

spots on termen from vein 7 to below 4, the spots below veins 7

and 5 double, each with a white point on them; cilia white mixed

with brown and with a brown line near base.

Ab. 1. Fore wing without the white in end of cell or in the

postmedial loop.

Hab. Peru, Carabaya, R. Huacamayo, La Union (Ockenden),

13,19, La Oroya (Ockenden), 23, 3 2 type. Exp., g 22-

26, 2 32-88 mm.

(1d) Oligostigma rufiterminalis, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax greyish suffused with red-brown ; abdomen

whitish tinged with red-brown and slightly irrorated with black ;

palpi white tinged with red-brown and irrorated with black ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish, the legs tinged with

red-brown, the fore tibiz with white band at middle and black

band at extremity. Fore wing greyish suffused with red-brown ;

blackish points near base in and below the cell; a rather diffused

black antemedial line, excurved to below vein 1 and bent inwards

to inner margin ; the medial area with rufous streaks irrorated with

black in discal and submedian folds ; a somewhat inwardly oblique

black medial line, slightly excurved below costa; an elliptical

rufous discoidal spot defined by black; postmedial line black

slightly defined on outer side by whitish, very slightly waved

towards costa, then excurved to vein 2, where it is strongly angled

inwards, then oblique; a narrow silvery-white band from below

costa to vein 1, above which it forms a small spot with a deeper

red-brown shade before it, before the narrow orange-yellow terminal

band defined on inner side by a black line; cilia whitish tinged with

red-brown. Hind wing whitish tinged with red-brown, the area

beyond the postmedial line rufous ; a curved black subbasal line; a

round yellow discoidal spot defined by black; postmedial line

black, excurved to vein 3, then incurved; a narrow silvery-white

subterminal band defined on outer side by a black line with some

yellow beyond it; the termen narrowly whitish between veins 6

and 2, with four minute black spots on it; cilia whitish tinged

with red-brown.

Hab. MavacascaRr, 1 2 type. Hwvp. 24 mm.

(12a) Oligostigma piperitalis, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax grey tinged with rufous and irrorated with

dark brown; abdomen white with diffused rufous bands; antenne

dark brown, pale red-brown towards base ; palpi red-brown ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore and mid legs

tinged with red-brown. Fore wing grey tinged with rufous and

thickly irrorated with dark brown; a short blackish streak in

middle of cell and small rather diffused discoidal spot; a narrow

white band from below costa to vein 1 before the fulvous-yellow

468 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

terminal band defined on inner side by a fine dark line; a fine dark

terminal line; cilia whitish tinged with rufous and with a fine dark

line near base. Hind wing pale rufous irrorated with dark brown ;

the base white; a narrow oblique white antemedial band, diffused

outwards at costa; a small blackish discoidal spot; a narrow white

postmedial band excurved to vein 4, then incurved ; a narrow white

band defined on inner side by diffused blackish and on outer by a

black line from below costa to inner margin before the fulvous-

yellow terminal band; a white terminal line with minute black

spots on termen below veins 7, 5, 4, 8, defined on inner side by a

black line which is slightly waved before the spots, the termen with

a fine black line at apex and below the spots; cilia white faintly

tinged with brown.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type. Exp. 18 mm.

(186) Oligostigma flavialbalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the shoulders with some

rufous, the metathorax yellow behind; palpi and maxillary palpi

banded with rufous; fore tibize tinged with rufous with a white

spot at middle. Fore wing silvery white, the costa tinged with

rufous at base, then with yellow to beyond middle, the inner margin

with a pale yellow patch before middle; a small rufous-spot in

upper part of middle of cell; a yellow discoidal spot defined by

rufous scales; a silvery-white subterminal band defined by pale

brown lines with diffused pale yellow before it and the terminal

area beyond it pale yellow; cilia white tinged with rufous. Hind

wing white; the subbasal area pale yellow, diffused on inner side

and defined on outer bya pale brown line; a pale brown postmedial

line, excurved below costa, the area beyond it pale yellow with a

narrow silvery-white subterminal band on it; the termen with

minute black bars at veins 6 to 2; cilia white tinged with rufous.

Hab, Mapacascar, Betsileo (Cowan),1 2 type. Exp. 22mm.

_ (23.6) Oligostigma leucomma, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fulvous yellow mixed with white ; abdomen

white suffused with fulvous yellow except at base; palpi white at

tips ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white suffused

with fulvous yellow. Fore wing white, the costal and terminal

areas suffused with fulvous yellow; black subbasal strize above and

below vein 1; an antemedial fulvous-yellow band, defined on outer

side by some dark scales below the cell; a slightly waved blackish

medial line somewhat excurved below the costa; the outer half of

medial area fulvous yellow, suffused wich blackish below the cell;

postmedial line blackish, defined on outer side by white to vein 4

and with a white spot before it beyond the cell, slightly incurved

below costa and excurved at middle, at vein 4 bent.inwards to lower

angle of cell, then waved to inner margin; a black subterminal line

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 469

defined on inner side by a narrow white band, incurved from costa

to discal fold and below vein 2, excurved at middle; a black terminal

line; cilia white, black at apex and middle. Hind wing white,

the terminal area suffused with fulvous yellow; a curved eid

antemedial line with some dark scales on it below the cell ;

blackish discoidal bar ; postmedial line fulvous yellow, excurved .

vein 4, then bent inwards to lower angle of cell, then with some

dark scales on it and excurved above inner margin; a slightly

sinuous black subterminal line with a narrow white band on its

inner side, excurved at middle ; cilia white with a blackish line near

base and some dark scales at tips to vein 2.

Q. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing almost entirely

fulvous yellow, the last without the white spot before the post-

medial line and the white beyond the postmedial line and before

the subterminal line reduced.

Hab. QUEENSLAND, Stradbroke I. (Turner), 3 5, 1 Q type.

Exp. 16-18 mm.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous, the last with some

yellow mixed; frons white; tarsi white at base. Fore wing

fulvous mixed with some yellow ; a whitish antemedial spot on

costa with a slight dark streak Belaive it; an inwardly oblique

slightly sinuous silvery-white medial band defined on each side by

blackish except at costa and with a slight dark streak beyond it

below costa to an elongate white spot defined by dark scales above

end of cell; a white point defined by dark scales at upper angle of

cell and a slight oblique dark streak below lower angle with a

yellow mark above it extending to the postmedial narrow silvery-

white band defined on each side by black-brown except at costa,

obliquely curved to vein 2, then incurved; a subterminal series of

short dark streaks with some whitish on the streaks above and

below vein 2; cilia dark brown. Hind wing fulvous; a narrow

slightly sinuous silvery-white antemedial band defined on each side

by black-brown ; a similar postmedial band, obliquely curved to.

vein 1, then bent outwards to tornus ; a subterminal series of slight

rather wedge-shaped dark marks with some whitish in centres ;

cilia dark brown.

Hab. Peru, Carabaya, Oconeque (Ockenden), 3 3 type. Exp.

34-38 mm.

(286) Oligostigma flavipictalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the hind tarsi tinged

with yellow on inner side. Fore wing silvery white; a golden-

yellow patch at base of costa, slightly defined on outer side by

brown ; a curved golden-yellow antemedial band, slightly defined

on each side by brown towards costa, where it is somewhat dilated ;

470 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

a slight brown discoidal striga; an orange-yellow patch below end

of cell in submedian interspace, its inner edge connected by a bar

with inner margin and its outer edge defined by a slight brown

line continued to inner margin ; an oblique orange-yellow mark on

costa above end of cell defined on inner side by a brown striga ; an

orange-yellow postmedial patch below costa with which its inner

edge is connected by an oblique bar, defined at sides by slight

brown lines ; a curved orange-yellow subterminal band from costa

to below vein 4 where it is bent inwards, its inner edge defined by

a blackish line to discal fold and with a slight oblique brownish

line from the inner side of its recurved part to tornus; a narrow

orange-yellow terminal band defined on inner side by a fine black

line, curved inwards at tornus. Hind wing silvery white ; a curved

orange-yellow subbasal band defined on outer side by a slight brown

line; an orange-yellow medial band defined by slight brown lines,

its outer edge forming a hook at vein 4, then incurved; an orange-

yellow subterminal band defined by fine black lines, its inner edge

strongly incurved from below vein’ 4 to submedian fold; the

termen narrowly white with a fine terminal black line; cilia

chequered yellow and white with some blackish scales at tips.

Hab. Stnaarore (Meade-Waldo), 1-2 type. Exp. 14 mm.

(18a) Aulacodes hemimelena, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen yellowish tinged

with black-brown and with some white at base; pectus white;

legs and ventral surface of abdomen yellow, the fore legs tinged

with red-brown, the fore femora black-brown above. Fore wing

black-brown; a curved silvery-white band from below costa to

vein 1 before the golden-yellow terminal band defined on inner side

by black striz and on outer by a terminal series of black points

and striga at submedian interspace; cilia silvery white. Hind

wing white with a black-brown pateh at base, the terminal area

broadly golden yellow defined on inner side bya black line between

discal and submedian folds; a minute ocellate white spot defined

by black on termen at discal fold, then three minute black spots

with some red between them to vein 2; cilia silvery white, brown

at base heyond the spots.

Hab. Puitrpprnes, Manila (Ledyard), 1 2 type. Exp.

18 mm.

(23 b) Aulacodes quadriplagiata, sp. n.

3. Headand thorax fulvous yellow; abdomen white tinged with

yellow; palpi with some brown at side of 2nd joint; legs yellow,

the fore tibize with dark brown band at extremities, the tarsi ringed

with brown; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore

wing with the basal half black-brown except the costal area which

is fulvous yellow at base, then white, and a conical white ante-

Pyralide: of the Subfamily Hydrocampine. 471

medial spot at inner margin; a medial white band leaving the

costal yellow; a semicircular deep chocolate-brown postmedial

patch from below costa to vein 3 defined on outer side and below by

a curved silvery-white band and shading to red-brown at costa

before the white band; a terminal yellow band defined on inner

side by a black line to submedian fold, the yellow band bent

inwards on inner area to near the basal black-brown area; a

terminal series of black points and small spot below apex ; cilia

silvery white, tinged with brown at apex. Hind wing silvery

white, the terminal area broadly bright yellow, extending on inner

area to near base ; the white area defined by a curved black line

between discal and submedian folds; subterminal black striz above

and below vein 2, then a curved silvery-white line to above tornus ;

a curved silvery-white line from costa before apex to termen at

discal fold; minute silvery-white ocellate spots defined by black

and with black points on their outer edge above and below vein 4

before termen ; a minute black spot below vein 3 and striga below

vein 2; cilia silvery white tinged with red-brown at base.

?. Fore wing with the basal half chocolate-brown, its upper

edge indented by an elongate white mark in the cell and with

white streak below it on inner margin, the whole costal area above

it yellow, the postmedial patch red-brown and extending to sub-

median fold.

Hab. D’Enrrecastreaux Is., Goodenough I. (Meek), 1 ¢,

2 9 type. Hxp. 20-26 mm.

(24a) Aulacodes costifascialis, sp. n.

Hind tibiz of male rather curved downwards and fringed with

hair throughout.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white suffused with yellow, the

abdomen yellower except at base; palpi red-brown towards tips ;

fore legs with the femora black-brown above, the tibize with black-

brown band at extremity. Fore wing golden yellow; a rufous

fascia on costa to end of cell, where it expands into a triangular

patch to lower angle of cell, a silvery-white fascia below it in and

just below the cell; a wedge-shaped silvery-white patch beyond the

cell from below costa to vein 2, defined by slight fuscous lines; a

curved silvery-white subterminal band from costa to above vein 1,

where it is somewhat bifid, defined by fine black lines except at

costa; a terminal series of black points and striga in submedian

interspace ; cilia silvery white. Hind wing silvery white, the inner

and terminal areas broadly golden yellow, the white area defined

by an oblique sinuous black postmedial line from vein 6 to sub-

median fold; an obliquely curved silvery-white line from costa

before apex to termen at discal fold; four minute ocellate silvery-

white spots before termen between vein 5 and submedian fold, the

two upper spots with black points on their outer edges, the two

lower with black points beyond them, some orange-red on termen

472 On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Hydrocampine.

between the spots and two minute black points above them above

vein 5; cilia silvery white with some brown at base beyond the

spots.

Hab. D’Enrrecasteaux Is., Goodenough I. (Meek), 2 g,4 2

type; Brsmarck Arcu., Rook I. (dleek), 2 3,19. Eup. 20-

24 mm.

(246) Aulacodes nigriplagialis, sp. n.

Eristena trigonalis, ab. 1, Hmpsn, A. M. N. H. (7) xviii. p. 390 (1906).

Hind tibiz of male slightly fringed with hair above towards

extremity.

Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow, the head and teguli

with some brown mixed ; palpi irrorated with dark brown ; pectus

and ventral surface of abdomen white suffused with orange-yellow,

legs orange-yellow, the fore tibiz with dark brown band at extre-

mity. Fore wing orange-yellow ; a very dark red-brown fascia on

costa to end of cell, the end of cell below it white; a large conical

very dark red-brown patch tinged with blackish from postmedial

part of costa to vein 2, defined on inner side by a curved dark line

met at vein 2 by another faint curved dark line traversing the

patch and with a slight greyish tinge between them, asilvery-white .

band defining the outer edge of the patch defined on outer side by a

fine curved black line; a terminal series of black points, forming a

minute spot.below apex and striga at submedian interspace ; cilia

silvery white. Hind wing orange-yellow, the costal area whitish

to beyond middle; an oblique black postmedial line between discal

and submedian folds; an oblique silvery-white line from costa

before apex to termen at discal fold ; four small black spots before

termen between discal and submedian folds, ‘the two upper spots

defined on inner side by silvery white, with a waved black line

before them diverging obliquely below the 2nd spot, some orange-

red on termen between the spots; cilia silvery white, brown at base

beyond the spots.

Hab. Duron N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 ¢ type, Kapaur

(Doherty), 1 9. Exp. 18 mm.

(24 ¢) Aulacodes dolichoplagia, sp. n.

3g. Head white, the frons suffused with golden yellow, the back

of head with some brown; thorax silvery white, the shoulders, tips

of patagia, and metathorax dark brown; abdomen golden yellow,

white at base; antenne yellow; palpi red-brown, white at base ;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the legs tinged

with yellow, the fore femora above and tibiwe at extremities dark

brown. Fore wing dark brown; a silvery-white fascia below base

of cell conjoined to a patch in end of cell; a large oblique conical

silvery-white patch from postmedial part of costa to below vein 3

beyond the cell; a series of white striz before the narrow orange-

yellow terminal band defined on inner side by a black line; 4

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 473

terminal series of black points; cilia brown at base, silvery white

at tips. Hind wing silvery white; a dark brown patch at base ;

the terminal area golden yellow, expanding on inner area to middle,

defined on inner side by a series of dark points from below costa to

vein 2 and a striga at vein1; a series of silvery-white marks before

termen from below costa to submedian fold, defined by blackish, the

spot below costa round, the others elongate except the small spot

below vein 5; minute terminal black spots above and below vein 4

and slight strize towards apex and between veins 3 and 1; cilia

silvery white with some brown at apex and a brown line through

them from vein 5 to near tornus. .

Hab. Durcn N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 g type. Eup.

24 mm.

[To be continued. |

XLVI.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXV.

By T. D. A. Cocxrrett, University of Colorado,

Aylocopa draconis, sp. nu.

3 .—Length about 25 mm., anterior wings 18°5 mm.

Black, without any metallic tint; thorax thickly covered

(except bare space on disc) with reddish-ochreous velvety

hair; abdomen not banded. Eyes extremely large, con-

verging above; mandibles bidentate, with a yellow basal

patch ; tubercle of labrum small; clypeus ivory-colour,

more or less brownish, with a pair of black spots, the surface

of clypeus closely punctured, but an impunctate. median

ridge ; supraclypeal area almost pallid; ocelli large, far

down on front ; face and front with red-brown hair, darkest

around ocelli; top of head and cheeks with reddish-ochreous

hair; anterior femora swollen, without hair below; anterior

and middle tibiz with bright fulvous hair on outer side,

reddish on inner, and sooty behind ; anterior tarsi similarly

coloured, but from middle of basitarsus on there is creamy-

white hair on under side posteriorly, beneath the sooty, and

on apical part of basitarsus anteriorly and beneath the red

is very bright ; middle tarsi with reddish-black hair above

and behind, but red beneath ; hind femora broad, basally

keeled beneath, with a pustuliform swelling on the side of

the keel; hind tibize with a conspicuous apical lobe, much

broader than long, on imner side; hind basitarsi with

ochreous hair in front, black above and red behind, the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. xix. on

474 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

under side presenting a large, bare, shining, elevated, wedge-

shaped surface; tegule black. Wings brown, subtrans-

lucent, apically suffused with rosy-purple ; venation very

different from that of X. sinensis, Smith, the third sub-

marginal cell not conspicuously broadened or bulging

apically, and the second much less elongated. Abdomen

with sooty hair on first segment, second with fulvous, sooty

only along apical margin, the rest with scanty hair except

at sides and apex; at sides it is sooty, except anteriorly on

segments 3 and 4, where is some fulvous ; at apex the hair

is long and reddish; beneath, the bind margins of the

segments are narrowly bright ferruginous and the hair is

fulvous.

Southern China (no other particulars known). In U.S.

National Museum.

Resembles X. appendiculata, Smith, but the hair is quite

differeutly coloured. There is also a general resemblance to,

the smaller X. collarvs.

Xylocopa punctifrons, sp. n.

$ .—Length about 21 mm., anterior wings 16 mm.

Clypeus (except lower margin, broadening laterally),

transverse supraclypeal mark and lateral face-marks (ending

very obtusely halfway up front) ivory-colour ; labrum black,

with a minute light point ; thorax without conspicuous light

hair, except at sides, where a broad band of greyish hair

extends from the tegule to the ventral surface. Abdomen

with a little pale hair on first segment. Wings dark reddish

fuliginous, with strong purple tints ; light hair on hind

tibiz, and middle and hind tarsi, as in X. ¢arsata, but it is

ochreous.

French Congo (Queensland Museum). Received by the

Museum from Le Moult of Paris.

Very close to X. tarsata, Smith, but considerably larger,

with the greater part of clypeus and sides of face densely

punctured. The colour of the hair on the legs agrees with

that of YX. tarsata, var. namutonensis, Strand, but that form

has the size of ¢arsata. It is possible that X. punctifrons

is the undescribed male of X. tuderculiceps, Ritsema, but the

legs have much more light hair than in the female of that

species, and the localities are far apart.

In the same lot came XY. carinata, Smith, Mesotrichia

preusta (Smith),and Crocisa excisa, Friese, from Dimbroko,

French W. Africa.

Records of Bees, 475

Centris maroniana, sp. 0.

d .—Length about 28 mm., anterior wings 22°5 mm.

Robust, black, including the legs, but anterior trochanters

and tibize suffused with chestnut«red. Eyes very large, con-

verging above; ocelli large, practically contiguous, and

lateral ones distant from eyes less than half diameter of one ;

sides of face, supraclypeal area and upper part of clypeus

ferruginous ; the rest of clypeus and the labrum chrome-

yellow ; scape short and stout, dark reddish, yellow in front;

mandibles elbowed near apex; hair of head clear ferru-

ginous ; disc of mesothorax and mammiform elevations of

scutellum shining; thorax densely covered with velvety

hair, black, with a faint rusty tint dorsally, except ante-

riorly, where it is rich deep red, the red gradually fading

into the black ; pleura with dark reddish hair ; anterior legs

with red hair, black on basitarsi; middle and hind legs with

long pure black hair; tegule ferruginous. Wings dark

fuliginous, brilliantly purple, with some shades of green.

Abdomen with short velvety hair, which is black except a

broad yellowish-white (olivaceous-tinted) band, occupying

second segment except base and third except extreme apex.

“ Guyane, Maroni ” (Queensland Museum; received from

Le Moult).

Related to C. smithiana, Friese (which J have from

F. Smith’s collection), but larger, with the hair of the

thorax dorsally black except in front. From the character

of the ocelli, it possibly flies in the evening or at night.

The bee-fauna of Maroni, as shown by the same collection,

includes the following :—Acanthopus splendidus, Vab., Aglaé

cerulea, Lep., Exerete frontalis, Guér., Oxea festiva, Sm.,

Xylocopa tarbata, Fab., Bombus incarum, Frankl., Centris

obsoleta, Lep., C. americana, Klug, Epicharis conica, Sm.,

E. schrottkyi, Friese, E. affinis, Sm., Ceratina leta, Spin.,

Lulema dimidiata, L., E. fasciata, Lep., H.mocsaryi, Friese,

E. smaragdina mexicana, Mocs., Euglossa brulle, Lep.,

Eufriesia pulchra, Sm., &c.

Pachymelus mediocincius, sp. 0.

d@.—Length 18 mm., length of anterior wing 14 mm,

Black, with tarsi dark red ; eyes large, slightly converging

above; clypeus prominent, but flattened on disc, yellow,

with upper and lateral margins and two conspicuous spots

black; labrum large, emarginate at apex, yellow, with

lateral and inferior margins narrowly black; muaudibles

31*

476 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

bidentate, the inner tooth short (style of P. hova), basal

part of mandibles mainly very pale yellowish ; scape with a

yellow stripe in front. Face, front, and vertex with long

black hair, but also white at sides of face and (appressed)

on each side of labrum ; occiput and cheeks with long white

hair ; mesothorax shining, but distinctly punctured ; scu-

tellum only feebly bigibbous; thorax with black hair,

becoming obscurely ochreous along anterior margin of

mesothorax, bright ochreous (forming a conspicuous wide

band) on metathorax, and pure white in middle of ventral

surface. Legs with mainly black hair; anterior tibiz with

a band of appressed golden pubescence in front; tegule

black. Wings dilute fuligimous; venation as in P. micre-

lephas, but second s.m. narrower. Abdomen closely punc-

tured, basal segment with black hair; apical margin of

second segment, and all of next three except base, covered

with appressed bright ferruginous pubescence; sixth seg-

ment with hair partly red and partly black; apical plate

emarginate.

Miarinarivo, Madagascar (Queensl. Museum ; from Le

Moult).

Similar to P. cambouei, Sauss., but that is a very much

larger species, with the scutellum different.

Hylesides concinnus (Fabricius).

Launceston, Tasmania, Feb. 15-16, 1916 (Ff. M. Littler).

Genus new to Tasmania. The female agrees with main-

land specimens ; but the male, compared with one from

Sydney, differs by the wholly black prothorax and the more

distinct punctures of second abdominal segment.

Megachile derelicta, Cockerell.

? St. Patrick’s R., Tasmania, 6.2.14 (Littler).

New to Tasmania.

-Mesotrichia bryorum (Fabricius).

Daru, Papua (Queensland Mus.).

The female has the wings. suffused with rosy-purplish,

whereas Australian examples usually have them much more

green,

Eulema amabilis, sp. n.

_fAt first sight exactly like 4. bruesi, Ckll., but

differing thus : green of mesothorax more brilliant, extend-

ing along the sides to the posterior end, where it is very

Records of Bees. ATT

bright and broadly margined mesad with blue ; scutellum

with lateral sulci strongly marked, the general surface of

scutellum dark purplish and shining, the lateral margins

thickened and shining steel-blue ; median smooth ridge of

labrum little broadened above ; apex of abdomen broadly

emarginate, formed as in E. manni, Ckll. From E. manni

it is at once known by the strong keel down middle of

elypeus, the dark black-haired first abdominal segment,

the blue margins of scutellum, &c. From E. smaragdina,

Perty, by the black hind tibiz, marked with green poste-

riorly (with a rather small but distinct tubercle above the

spurs), and tle entirely black hair of thorax. From &.

auripes, Gribodo, by the strong clypeal keel, the less promi-

nent lateral keels of labrum, and the hair of legs differently

coloured, the fringe on apical part of auterior tarsi ferru-

ginous, while the pubescence on outer face of middle basi-

tarsi is shining creamy-white. It is also distinct from £.

mexicana aud the various related forms described by Friese

and others. The mesopleura is dark blue.

Manaos, Brazil (Miss H. B. Merrill). U.S, Nat. Museum.

Mesonychium dugesi, sp. 0.

g .—Length about 15 mm.

Very robust, black, with the abdomen dark but. brillant

blue, the hind margins of the segments more or less green ;

dise of mesothorax dark purple-blue on each side of the

median sulcus ; pubescence at first sight appearing wholly

black, but it is mixed with ochreous on labrum and lower part

of clypeus, and there is a spot of thesame on each side of front;

on lower part of pleurais a little pale hair, and there is white

hair on anterior tibiz posteriorly ; second and third antennal

joints dark red in front; scutellum rather short, hairy, —

without conspicuous prominences; third s.m. strongly

narrowed above, but not nearly to a point ; spur of middle

tibia strongly bifid, one division with two or three spines ;

hind femora broad, with a very large tooth beneath near

base ; hind tibize with a polished red area at end ; venter of

abdomen with a large red area in subapical-region. The

wings are brownish subhyaline, with a dark apical cloud.

Guanajuato, Mexico (A. Dugés). U.S. National Museum.

This has the appearance of the species which Schrottky

places in his genus Cyphomelissa, but the third submarginal

cell is as in Melissa or Mesoplia. It will easily be known

‘from Mesonychium insigne (Melissa insignis, Sm.), from

Orizaba, by the absence of the bright yellow hair. The

A478 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

venation and middle spur separate it from M. ce@rulescens,

Lep.

Mesonychium decoratum (Smith).

Bocas del Toro, Panama, July 6, 1908 (W. Robinson).

This agrees with one from F. Smith’s collection, obtained

by Bates in 8. Paulo, Brazil. A form with broader pygidial

plate (?) comes trom Rio Mato, Venezuela, October

( Carriker).

Mesonychium azureum guatemalense (Cockerell).

Cacao, Trece Aguas, Guatemala, April 4 (Barber &

Schwarz).

This specimen shows that the type was partly denuded.

The disc of mesothorax and outer face of hind tibiz are

ornamented with green scale-hke hairs.

Mesonychium duckei (Friese).

Cabima, Panama, May 17, 1911 (Aug. Busck).

The third s.m. is very much broader below than in

M. decoratum, so that the venation approaches Cyphomelissa.

After reviewing the subject, I must agree ‘with Ducke that

Mesonychium is the proper name for this genus, including

Mesoplia and Melissa, and also Cyphomelissa as now inter-

preted by Schrottky.

Colletes cyaneseens, Haliday.

I have this from Santiago, Chile, and specimens marked

Southern Chile (M. J. Rivera) are in the U.S. National

Museum. C. atripilis, Vachal, is a synonym.

Triepeolus pruinosus, 8p. Ni.

2 (type).—Length about 9 mm.

Black, the thorax densely punctured and not shining ;

basal half of mandibles red ; labrum dark reddish ; clypeus

very minutely and densely punctured ; scape red at base

and more or less at apex ; second and third antennal joints

bright ferruginous ; a conspicuous patch of creamy-white

hair on each side of antennz ; mesothorax with a thin

pruinose pubescence, anterior margin with two nearly round

spots of yellow pubescence ; yellowish-white prothoracic

hair-band broadly interrupted in middle, ending laterally in

round spot on base of tubercles; tubercles reddish ; hind

margin of mesothorax with a creamy hair-band ; scutellum

a im

Records of Bees. 479

moderately bigibbous, axillz bluntly conical ; area of meta-

thorax dull and rough basally ; tegule bright ferruginous.

Wings strongly dusky at apex. Legs obscure ferrugmous,

spurs red. Abdomen with broad yellow bands on first two

segments, that on first anteriorly produced at sides into an

evanescent cloud, not a distinct tooth or band-like lobe ;

third and fourth segments with whitish bands, more or less

failing in middle; modified pygidial space subcircular, not

very large; last ventral segment produced beyond last

dorsal, the very broad end turned downward.

? .—Similar in appearance, but the legs are mainly black ;

the anterior tibiz, middle tibiz in front, hind tibiz at base,

and the tarsi (the hind ones not wholly) are red; face

densely covered with creamy-white hair; mandibles black

with a median red band; flagellum black except at base ;

yellow spots on anterior margin of mesothorax larger,

suffusedly elongate posteriorly ; abdomen with five yellow

bands (successively paler) and one white one, the first two

bands more or less suffused with brownish-orange ; ventral

fringes pale reddish at ends. The dark parts of abdomen

are hoary with a fine pale pubescence.

Carcarana, Argentina (L. Bruner, 15). U.S. Nat. Museum.

Resembles Epeolus burmeisteri, Friese, but considerably

larger, with darker legs, and the patch on anterior margin

of mesothorax divided into two spots. Hpeolus ( Doeringiella)

bizonatus (Holmbg.), from Bahia Blanca (Bruner), is super-

ficially very like 7. pruinosus, but larger, ad easily separated

by the extraordinary antenne.

Isepeolus vierecki, Jorgensen.

Bahia Blanca, Argentine (Bruner); San Juan, Argentine

(C. S. Reed).

It is permissible to correct the specific name, printed

“ yecki” in Jorgensen’s work.

Isepeolus bruneri, sp. n.

? —Length 10 mm.

Black, mandibles obscurely reddish in middle, but other-

wise tegument of head and thorax all black; thorax

variegated with white hair as in other species, with two

conspicuous black spots on scutellum, and others covering

axilla; disc of mesothorax shining, with well-separated

unctures; first two abdominal segments ornamented as in

I. cockerelli, Jorg., except that the inner processes on second

segment are longer; ‘third with a pair of large oblique

480 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

(quadrate) patches on hind margin, and each side with a

large complicated patch of white, presenting a deep sinus

anteriorly; fourth segment with a very large and thick

mark having two parts, like the letter H; fifth with two

large spots, not reaching apical margin ; sixth segment with

.a small outwardly directed basal spime on each side. _ Face

with white hair, partly black on lower part; front and

vertex with black hair; a band of white hair in front of

ocelli; scape red at base, middle covered with long white

hair, the broad apex intense black; flagellum red beneath ;

third antennal joint unusually short for the genus, not as

long as next three combined ; tegule red. Wings brownish .

on apical margin, stigma and nervures piceous; second s.m.

distinctly narrower above, receiving first r. n. before end.

Legs black with the usual white hair-marks, knees red ;

pleura with black hair.

Carcarana, Argentina (L. Bruner).

Allied to J. cockerelli, but known by the abdominal

pattern, venation, &c.

Lonchopria alopex, sp. un.

& .—Length about 14 mm.

Head, thorax, and legs black, with long and abundant

fox-red hair. Abdomen shining olive-green, with the same

red hair, except the last two segments, which are black, the

penultimate with black hair. Mandibles bidentate, reddish

apically ; malar space very short ; clypeus very smooth and

polished, the upper part with two rounded elevations, between

which is a depression bearing a tuft of very long red hair;

labrum bituberculate ; antenne very long, reaching to meta-

thorax, flagellum bright ferrugimous beneath except at base;

face very broad; mesothorax shining, with well-separated

punctures; area of metathorax smooth, with an obtuse

transverse ridge ; tegule black. Wings dusky, stigma dull

ferruginous; third s.m. very oblique ; apical segment of

abdomen keeled. Maxillary palpi with six subequal joints.

La Paz, Bolivia, Nov. 14, 1898. U.S. National Museum.

A remarkable species, superficially resembling L. thoracica

(Friese), but with much longer and more abundant hair on

abdomen, shorter stigma, quite different mandibles, &ce.

According to specimens received from Friese and Jensen- |

Haarup, it is L. armata, Fr., which is the male of L. chalybea,

Fr., not ZL. enea, Fr., as Friese first thought. L. marginata

(Spin.), described as a Colletes, the specific name preoccupied,

apparently becomes L. zonalis (Reed, 1892).

Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Khapra Beetle. 481

Svastra bombylans (Holmberg).

Bahia Blanca, Argentine (Bruner, 2).

Xenoglossa crawfordi, Cockerell.

Guanajuato, Mexico (A. Dugés).

‘olletes punctipennis, Cresson.

Brownsville, Texas, 1998 (Jones § Pratt).

New to the United States.

Pseudomelecta californica miranda (Fox).

Mexico (C. F. Baker collection, 2320).

Megachile anthracina, Suith.

Moulmein, I. Burma, Dec. 1910 (R. L. Woglum).

XLVIU.—The Khapra Beetle (Yrogoderma khapra, sp. n.),

an Indian Grain-pest. By GILBERT J. ARROW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tuis very destructive wheat-pest has been studied in great

detail by Messrs. J. H. Barnes and A. J. Grove, who have

published figures and descriptions of it in all its stages in Mem.

Dept. Agric. India (Chemical Series), iv. 6, 1916, p. 172)

under the name Attagenus undulatus, Motsch. As already

stated in a footnote in the ‘ Review of Applied Entomology,’

~v. 1917, p. 126, the insect is really a species of Trogoderma

and appears to be without a specific name. Attagenus undu-

latus is quite a different insect, as I have established from

specimens in the British Museum received from Motschulsky

himself (see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xv. 1915, p. 426).

Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher has incorrectly reported me (Agric.

Research Inst. Pusa, Bull. 59, p. 14) as saying that the

insect common in stored wheat in Northern India should

be known by this name. On the contrary, the distribution

I recorded shows A. undulatus to belong to tropical and not

wheat-growing latitudes.

_ Specimens found in imported wheat have been received

at the British Museum during many years past, and I have

482 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Khapra Beetle.

regarded them as probably identical with Trogoderma versi-

color, Creutz., but they have invariably been in such bad

condition that exact determination was impracticable. Under

the name of ‘ Kapra ” specimens were sent to the Museum by

the late E. T. Atkinson in 1888 and stated to be destructive

to wheat in godowns at Delhi. Recently I have been able to

examine perfect examples, bred in the greatest abundance from

samples of Karachi wheat collected by Mr. J. H. Durrant, and

the study of these has convinced me that the species is neither

T. versicolor, Creutz., nor 7. inclusum, Lec., the figures and

descriptions of which show them to be larger and darker

coloured, with different antenne, and possibly not distinct one

from the other. It is, therefore, necessary to give a new name

to this exceedingly serious pest, and I propose to adopt the

vernacular name by which, according to Messrs. Barnes and

Grove, it is known to Indian grain-dealers. It may be briefly

diagnosed as follows :—

Trogoderma khapra, sp. n.

Rufo-ferruginea, capite, pronoto corporeque subtus obscurioribus,

antennis pedibusque rufis, elytris vage fusco-bifasciatis ; ovalis,

nitida, corpore subtus equaliter, supra longius et magis irregu-

lariter griseo-pubescenti; antennis 11-articulatis, articulis 3-7

minutis, 8-11 sat magnis, clavam formantibus, foemine ovatam,

multo compactam, maris longiorem, apice producto et compresso.

Long. 1°75-3 mm.

Although I have seen an enormous number of specimens,

the largest scarcely exceeds 3 mm. in length, with the head

fully extended, and this is considerably less than the size

indicated for the European and N.-Ameriecan types of Creutzer

and Leconte. The elytra are of a rather light red-brown

shade, generally marked with two vaguely defined darker

transverse bands, and the head and pronotum are nearly

always distinctly darker than the elytra, but rarely black.

The surface is clothed with grey hairs, which are very easily

rubbed off, and the worn specimens found amongst the grain

are very smooth and shining. Upon the darker areas of the

elytra the hairs are finer and scantier. ‘The antennze and

legs are entirely light in colour.

The males are much smaller on the average than tlie

females and have rather longer antenne, the joints composing

the club, and especially the terminal one, being more

elongate.

This insect is found in enormous profusion in cargoes

of wheat from Karachi and Bombay ; but there is no evidence

that it is able to perpetuate itself in Hurope, nor has it been

found in grain imported from other regions than India.

Geological Society. 483

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY,

February 28th, 1917.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair,

The following communication was read :—

‘Fourth Note on the Piltdown Gravel, with Evidence of a

Second Skull of Hoanthropus dawsoni. By Arthur Smith

Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., V.P.G.S. With an Appendix on the

Form of the Frontal Pole of an Endocranial Cast of Hoanthropus

dawsont. By Prof. Grafton Elliot Smith, M.A., M.D., F.R.S.

Excavations last summer round the margin of the gravel-pit at

Piltdown (Sussex) supported the conclusion that the deposit is a

varied shingle-bank, and that the three layers containing Palxo-

lithic remains and derived Pliocene fossils are approximately of

the same age. Many elongated flints and pieces of Wealden

sandstone were observed in the bottom sandy clay with their long

axis more or less nearly vertical. No teeth or bones were found,

but one nodular flint obtained from the same layer as Hoanthropus,

seems to have been used by man as a hammer-stone. This is not

purposely shaped, but merely battered along faces that happened to

be useful when the stone was conveniently held in the hand.

Tn the winter of 1915 the late Mr. Charles Dawson discovered

in a plonghed field, about a mile distant from the original spot,

the inner supraorbital part of a frontal bone, the middle of an

occipital bone, and a left lower first molar tooth, all evidently

human. These are rolled fragments, and the first and third may

be referred with certainty to Hoanthropus dawsoni; but it is

doubtful whether they represent more than one individual. In

mineralized condition they agree with the remains of the type-

specimen. The piece of frontal bone exhibits the characteristic

texture and thickness, with only a very slight supraciliary ridge,

and a small development of air-sinuses. The occipital bone is

somewhat less thickened than that of the original specimen of

Eoanthropus, and bears the impression of a less unsymmetrical

brain. The external occipital protuberance is a little above the

upper limit of the cerebellum, as. in Neanderthal man; thus

differing from the condition both in KHoanthropus and in modern

“man. ‘The lower molar is exactly similar to the first lower molar

of Hoanthropus already described, but is more obliquely worn by

mastication. Detailed comparison shows that this tooth is human,

differing essentially from that of a chimpanzee in its more hypso-

dont crown, thicker enamel, and less prominence of the neck over

the root. The occurrence of the same type of frontal bone with

the same type of lower molar in two distinct localities, adds to the

probability of their belonging to one and the same species. With

these remains were found brown flints in great abundance, and

one rolled portion of a lower molar tooth of Rhinoceros in the

same highly-mineralized condition as the derived Pliocene teeth at

Piltdown.

In an Appendix, Prof. G. Elliot Smith expresses the opinion

that the endocranial cast of the fragment of frontal bone presents

features more primitive and more ape-like than those of any other

known member of the human family,

A484 Miscellaneous.

MISCELLANEOUS.

[ We have received from the Secretary to the International Commis-

_ sion on Zoological Nomenclature a circular letter giving 39 generic

names in Protozoa, Coelenterata, Trematoda, Cestoda, Cirripedia,

Tunicata, and Pisces, chiefly Linnzean, which have been proposed

for inclusion in the Official List of Zoological Names. Owing to its

length we are unable to publish the list in full, but a copy will be

sent to any person sufficiently interested on application to the Secre-

tary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature,

Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Wash-

ington, D.C., U.S.A. ]

Notice to the Zoological Profession of a Possible Suspension of the

International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature in the Cases of

Musca, Linneus, 1758, and Calliphora, Desvoidy, 1830.

In accordance with the Rules of the International Zoological

Congress, the attention of the zoological profession is invited to the

fact that Dr. L. O. Howard, W. Dwight Pierce, and twenty-one

other professional zoologists have requested the International

Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to exercise its plenary

power in the case of the Linnean genus Musca, 1758, and, under

suspension of the Rules, to declare J. domestica as type of this

genus, also, under suspension of the Rules, to validate reas

Desvoidy, 1830, with C. vomitoria as type.

The request is based on the grounds of practical utility, and an

almost unbroken history of cunsistent usage since 1758 in the case

of Musca, and since 1880 in the case of Calliphora, It is claimed

that a strict application of the Rules will produce greater confusion

than uniformity.

According to the premises at present before the Commission, if

the Rules are strictly applied, the generic name of Musca would

take either MW. cesar or M. vomitoria as type, and the species

M. domestica would be cited either in Conostoma, 1801 [?] (type

Ascaris conostoma=larva of JJ. domestica), or in Conosoma, 1802

(type Ascaris conosoma=larva of M. domestica), or in Promusca,

1915 (type M. domestica), thus resulting in a very regrettable”

change in the nomenclature of the species in qnestion as almost

universally used in entomological, zoological, medical, epidemio-

logical, and veterinary literature.

The Secretary of the Commission invites any person interested in

these cases of nomenclature to communicate his opinion on the

subject as soon as possible, and not later than. May 1, 1918, when

the subject will be submitted to the Commission for vote.

C. W. Srizes,

Secretary to Commission.

25th & EK. Streets, N.W.,

Washington, D.C.

INDEX ro VOL. XIX.

ACARINA, new, 136.

Aconemys, new species of, 281.

Actinopyga agassizii, on the occur-

rence of, in Bermuda, 406.

Alex, new species of, 416.

Ambia, new species of, 459.

Ananca, new species of, 170.

Andrena, new species of, 282.

Anobostra, characters of the new

genus, 97.

Anthophora, new species of, 287,

Aphytoceros, new species of, 342,

Argyractis, new species of, 363.

Arhopala, new species of, 409,

Arrow, G. J,, on melolonthine coleo-

ptera, 59; on the Khapra beetle,

481.

Arthrolips, new species of, 13.

Asthenopholis, key to the species of,

60,

Attatha, new species of, 337.

Aulacodes, new species of, 470.

Barnacles from the hull of the ‘ Terra

Nova,’ on, 229.

Bather, Dr. F. A., on triassic cri-

noids from New Zealand, 360.

Bathyparia, characters of the new

genus, 56

Batrachians, new, 407.

Bembex, new species of, 436.

Birks, Rey. S. G., on Cylindroiulus

nitidus, 417.

Books, new: —Boulenger’s Catalogue

of Freshwater Fishes of Africa,

160 ; Hampson’s Catalogue of the

Lepidoptera Phalzne,

ment, vol. i., 291.

Borradaile, L. A., on barnacles from

the hull of the ‘Terra Nova,’ 229,

Bostra, new species of, 90.

Boulenger, G. A., on new lizards of

the family Lacertidee, 277; on a

new lizard and two new frogs

from W. Africa, 407. '

Brade, Miss H. K., on Cylindroiylus

nitidus, 417.

Bradypus, new species of, 356.

Brevoortia, notes on species of, 301,

Cacoplesia, new species of, 163.

Calcagninus, new species of, 103.

Campion, H., on Fabricius’s types of

Odonata in the- British Museum,

441.

Cataclysta, new species of, 374, 457,

Cavia, new species of, 154.

Centris, new species of, 475.

Cerceris, new species of, 104.

Champion, G. C., on coleoptera from

the Seychelles and Aldabra, 161.

Chilton, Prof. C., on the New Zea-

land amphipod Hyale grenfelli,

273; on a new tuberculate ter-

restrial isopod from New Zealand,

327.

Chlorops, new species of, 51.

Chromatopterum, new species of, 49,

Chyliza, new species of, 270.

Cirphis, new species of, 336.

Cirripedes, notes on New Zealand,

229,

Supple-

486

Clupea, on the fishes of the genus,

226.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 282, 473.

Coleoptera, new, 1, 59, 144, 161, 188,

395, 482. ;

Collembola, notes on, 425.

Corylophidz from the Seychelles

and Rangoon, on, 1.

Cricetiscus, characters of the new

genus, 456.

Cricetulus, new species of, 452.

Crick, G.C., on the belemnite animal,

291.

Crozier, W. J., on the occurrence of

a holothurian new to the fauna of

Bermuda, 405.

Crustacea, new, 229, 327, 405.

Cubaris, new species of, 327.

Curculionide, new Indian, 188.

Cylindroiulus nitidus, note on, 417,

Cynothrissa, characters of the new

genus, 203.

Dattinia, new species of, 96.

Daubania, characters of the new

oenus, 19.

Deilemera, new species of, 335, 411.

Diatomineura, new species of, 209.

Dicranocnemus, new species of, 62.

Dimorpha, new species of, 518.

Diptera, new, 33, 207, 225, 266.

Distant, W. L., on the homoptera

of Indo-China, 100.

Ectenopsis, new species of, 217.

Elalis, new species of, 76.

Elis, new species of, 517.

Encopognathus, new species of, 106.

Epiplema, new species of, 339,

Eremias, new species of, 279.

Erephopsis, new species of, 211.

Eristena, new species of, 368.

Ethmalosa, characters of the new

genus, 302.

Eulema, new species of, 476,

Eurina, new species of, 42.

Eurygenius, new species of, 174.

Fishes, new, 198, 297, 377.

Gargela, new species of, 362.

Geckobia, new species of, 138.

Geckobiella, characters of the new

genus, 138.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 230, 291, 357, 483.

Geropaschia, definition of the new

generic name, 361.

INDEX,

Gonialosa, characters of ‘the new

genus, 315,

Gouna, new species of, 61.

Groves, J., on Characee from the

Lower Headon beds, 231.

Hematopota, new species of, 225.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new Pyra-

lide, 65, 361, 457.

Hapalemur group, on the lemurs of

the, 543 ; new species of, 348.

Haplegis, new species of, 47.

Harengula, synopsis of the species of,

386.

Hebomoia, new species of, 332,

Helomyza, new species of, 266.

Herculia, new species of, 81.

Heterochelus, new species of, 61.

Hilsa, characters of the new genus,

305.

Hirst, S., on some new mites, 136.

Holothurian, on the occurrence of a,

new to the fauna of Bermuda,

405.

Homonotus, new species of, 149,

Homoptera, new, 100.

Hoplionota, new species of, 144.

Huechys, new species of, 104,

Hyale grenfelli, note on; 273.

Hymenoptera, new, 104, 147, 282,

317, 456, 475.

Ichnotropis, new species of, 278.

Tsamia, new species of, 331.

Isepeolus, new species of, 479.

KXhapra beetle, note on the, 431.

Lacerta, new variety of, 277.

Lagaroceras, new species of, 44.

Lamb, C. G., on exotic Chloropidee,

33;-on exotic Helomyzidie, Scio-

myzidze, and Psilide, 266.

Lapworth, Dr. C., on graptolites

trom Peru, 295.

Lemurs of the Hapalemur group, on

the, 343.

Lepidoptera, new, 65, 331, 361, 409,

457.

Lewisium, new species of, 23.

Lile, new species of, 394.

Limnothrissa, characters of the new

genus, 207.

Lonchopria, new species of, 480.

Lorymodes, characters of the new

genus, 96.

Loxocera, notes on species of, 272.

Lygosoma, new species of, 407.

M‘Intosh, Prof., on the nervous

INDEX.

system and other points in the

structure of Owenia and Myrio-

chele, 233,

Mammals, new, 154, 280, 281, 348,

356, 450, 452.

Margaronia, new species of, 342.

Margarosticha, new species of, 372.

Marshall, Dr. G. A. K., on new

species of Indian Curculionidae,

188; on new weevils of the genus

Mecysmoderes, 395.

Maulik, 8., on Cassidine and Bru-

chide from the Seychelles and

Aldabra, 144.

Mecysmoderes,

395.

Meioderus, new species of, 16.

Meionops, characters of the new

genus, 191,

Mesonychium, new species of, 477.

Microthrissa, new species of, 202.

Microtus, new species of, 450.

Mogannia, new species of, 103.

Monomma, new species of, 162.

Mordella, new species of, 179.

Mordellistena, new species of, 183,

Murgisca, new species of, 562. ~

Mycteromimus, characters of the

new genus, 166.

Myriochele, notes on the nervous

system &e. of, 255.

Nematolosa, characters of the new

genus, 312.

Nematoserica, characters of the new

genus, 64,

Nomenclature, notice of a possible

suspension of the rules of, 484.

Notocrypta, new species of, 410,

Nymphula, new species of, 369.

Odaxothrissa, new species of, 205.

Odonata, on Fabricius’s types of, in

the British Museum, 441.

Oligostigma, new species of, 465.

Onychocnemis, characters of the new

genus, 193.

Ops, new species of, 50.

Orthoperus, new species of, 29.

Osericana, new varieties of, 341.

Owenia, notes on the nervous system

&e. of, 283.

Oxacis, notes on species of, 168.

Pachylophus, new species of, 37,

Pachymelus, new species of, 475,

Paractenia, new species of, 88.

Parectecephala, new species of, 52.

new species of,

487

Pellonula, new species of, 201.

Peltotrachelus, characters of the new

genus, 188.

Pemphigonotus, characters of the

new genus, 54.

Phzenomerus, new species of, 197.

Phryganomima, characters of the

new genus, 95.

Pimeliaphilus, new species of, 142.

Pingasa, new species of, 416,

Pison, new species of, 109.

Plutopaschia, characters of

new genus, 361.

Pocock, R. L., on the external cha-

racters of the Felidae, 1138; on

the lemurs of the Hapalemur

group, 345; Felide, on the ex-

ternal characters of the, 113.

Peecilothrissa, characters of the new

genus, 201.

the

_ Pomolobus, notes on species of, 299.

Potamothrissa, characters of the

new genus, 205,

Prosopigastra, new species of, 325,

Pterygosoma, new species of, 136,

Pyralide, new, 65, 361, 457,

Pyralis, new species of, 65,

Rana, new species of, 407.

Rappia, new species of, 408,

Regan, C. T., revision of the clupeid

fishes of the genus Pellonula and

of related genera in the rivers of

Africa, 198; on the fishes of the

genus Clupea, 226; on the clupeoid

fishes of the genera Promolobus,

Brevoortia, and Dorosoma, 297 ;

on the clupeid fishes of the genera

Sardinella, Harengula, &c., 377.

Reid, C., on Characeze from the

Lower Headon beds, 231.

Reptiles, new, 277, 407.

Rhopalum, new species of, 107.

Rhypobius, new species of, 27.

Ricardo, Miss G., on new species of

Tabanide from Australia and the

Fiji Islands, 207; on new Indian

species of Hematopota, 225.

Routledge, S., on the geology of

Easter Island, 357.

Sacada, new species of, 88.

Sacium, new species of, 7.

Salatura, new subspecies of, 381.

Sapyga, new species of, 318.

Sardinella, new species of, 380,

Scotcecus, new species of, 280,

488

Scott, H., on Corylophides from the

Seychelles and Rangoon, 1.

Sericoderus, new species of, 18.

Shoebotham, J. W., notes on Collem-

bola, 425.

Silvius, new species of, 212.

Sitina, new species of, 333.

Sloths, notes on three-toed, 352.

Smith, Dr. S., on a new coral genus,

230.

Sparrmannia, new species of, 59.

Stebbing, Rey, T. R. R., on 8.-Afri-

can Talitridz, 330.

Steleocerus, new species of, 39.

Stemmatophora, new species of, 76.

Stictodrya, new species of, 165.

Stictoptera, new species of, 337.

Stolothrissa, characters of the new

genus, 206,

Stopes, Dr. M. C., on mesozoic

cycads, 293.

Swinhoe, Col. C., on new Indo-

Malayan lepidoptera, 331, 409.

Sylepta, new species of, 342.

Tabanidz, on new species of, from

Australia and the Fiji Islands,

207.

Tabanus, new species of, 213.

Tachysphex, new species of, 320.

Talitride, notes on 8.-African, 330,

TN DEK

Tegulifera, new species of, 70.

Telicota, new variety of, 410.

Teluropus, characters of the new

genus, 195,

Terpnosia, new species of, 101.

Tetralonia, new species of, 287.

Thomas, O., on the species of Cavia,

152; on a new species of Scotce-

cus,’ 280; on a new species of

Aconemys from Southern Chili,

281; notes on three-toed sloths,

352; on a new vole from Pales-

tine, 450; on the small hamsters ~

that have been referred to Crice-

tulus pheeus and campbelli, 452,

Trechmann, C. T., on the trias of

New Zealand, 359.

Triepeolus, new species of, 478.

Trogoderma, new species of, 482.

Turner, R. E., notes on fossorial

hymenoptera, 104, 147, 317, 436.

Tyndis, new species of, 99.

Willowsia, definition of the new

generic name, 431.

Xylocopa, new species of, 475.

Xylophilus, new species of, 176.

Zitha, new species of, 95. f

Zoological nomenclature, notice of a

possible suspension of the rules of,

484,

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