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FISCHER, P.-H., DuUvVAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.—Archs

Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Koun, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon.—

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320.

Koun, A. J. 1960b. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian

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THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische

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ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 69 Band

December 1975 Desember

Part 3 Deel

Nee

THR ON

S B:¥.8:3.-9)

RECORDS OF MUD-PRAWNS (GENUS

CALLIANASSA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND

MAURITIUS (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA,

THALASSINIDEA)

BRIAN KENSLEY

Cape Town Kaapstad

The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

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RECORDS OF MUD-PRAWNS (GENUS CALLIANASSA)

FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND MAURITIUS

(CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, THALASSINIDEA)

BRIAN KENSLEY

South African Museum, Cape Town

(With 5 figures)

LMS. accepted 17 June 1975]

ABSTRACT

A new species of Callianassa is described from Port Alfred, South Africa. Three species

from Mauritius, viz. C. mauritiana, C. armata, and C. indica are figured and earlier descriptions

are supplemented. The latter two species are new records for Mauritius. C. kraussi is recorded

as a Pleistocene fossil from Table Bay and Port Elizabeth.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction . : ‘ : : z 4 ead

Systematic account : 5 ; : ; ras

Acknowledgements ‘ ; : ‘ F Ree lsoy/

References. ; : ‘ ; : ; Bed ee

INTRODUCTION

When two specimens of a large Callianassa from the Kowie River at Port

Alfred were submitted to the South African Museum for identification, it was

found that they belonged to none of the six species previously recorded from

South Africa (Kensley 1974). Use of Barnard’s key (1950: 505) ran the species

down to C. martensi Miers. In an attempt to solve this problem of identification,

two species of mud-prawn were obtained on loan from the Mauritius Institute,

a few specimens were collected in Mauritius by D. Hatton and given to the

South African Museum, and the type specimens of the two species of Callianassa

previously recorded from Mauritius were obtained on loan from the British

Museum.

As a result, the specimens from the Kowie River were found to be

undescribed. The specimens from Mauritius were found to be new records for

the island, and it was thought useful to figure them and to supply brief descrip-

tions. Also, it was thought desirable to supplement the description of Cal/lianassa

mauritiana. The other species from Mauritius, viz. C. martensi Miers, has

recently been very thoroughly redescribed (Tirmizi 1974).

In the accompanying figures, all dimensions are in millimetres.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 69 (3), 1976: 47-58, 5 figs.

48 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT

Callianassa armata A. M. Edwards

Fig. 1[A-H

Callianassa armata A. M. Edwards, 1870: 90, pl. 1. De Man, 1902: 754; 1928a: 109.

Description

$ Carapace with spinose acutely triangular rostrum reaching to distal

end of cornea; well-defined antero-lateral spine present.

Eyestalks reaching to end of basal peduncular segment of antennule,

distally slightly curved away from midline; cornea situated dorso-laterally at

about midpoint of outer eyestalk margin; outer proximal part of eyestalk

bearing three or four tiny spinules.

Antennular peduncle three-segmented, second segment about half length

of third. Two distal antennal peduncular segments slender, subequal, basal

segment bearing distal spine.

Third maxilliped with propodus, carpus, merus, and ischium moderately

expanded; propodus with notch on antero-distal margin; ischium bearing on

inner surface a marked distal crest armed with about twelve teeth of varying

sizes, proximal portion bearing three separated spines.

Larger cheliped with dactylus strongly curved, cutting edge uneven, with

no well-marked teeth or tubercles; propodus with upper margin bearing three

strong spines; cutting edge of thumb with single blunt proximal tubercle,

ventral margin proximally slightly dentate; carpus shorter than propodal palm,

ventral margin bearing nine spines; merus with two spines on dorsal margin,

seven on ventral margin; ischium armed with row of ten spines, increasing in

size distally.

Finger and thumb of smaller chela gaping, cutting edge of finger unarmed,

that of thumb with blunt tubercle at about midpoint; upper margin of palm

bearing three spines; carpus armed with four spines on ventral margin; merus

bearing three spines on dorsal margin, four on ventral margin; ischium with

row of fourteen spines, distal four longer than more proximal spines.

Propodus of third pereiopod with posterior lobe not very marked, evenly

rounded. Telson broader than long, with semicircular seta-bearing ridge in

proximal third, and two very faint radiating rounded ridges not quite reaching

distal margin.

Uropodal exopod markedly bipartite, anterior portion about half length

of posterior, two portions separated by a curved ridge bearing a sharp spine

proximally; endopod lanceolate with rounded tubercle at base.

Material

1 3, Mauritius Institute 956. Carapace length (including rostrum) 28,4 mm.

Total length 98 mm.

RECORDS OF MUD-PRAWNS FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND MAURITIUS 49

Fig. 1. Callianassa armata 3

A. Anterior carapace, eyestalks, and antennae in dorsal view. B. Smaller cheliped. C. Larger

cheliped. D. Third maxilliped, with inner view of ischium. E. Third pereiopod. F. Telson

and uropod. G. First pleopod. H. Second pleopod.

50 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Previous Records

Fiji Islands; Ternate, India.

Remarks

Callianassa armata was described from a female of 125 mm from the Fiji

Islands, while the second specimen was a juvenile female from Ternate, India.

The present specimen, being a male, may account for a few discrepancies with

the original description. For example, De Man (1928a) in his key to the species

of the subgenus Callichirus described the uropodal exopod as lacking a spine—

this spine is obviously present in the male. In the latter, the sixth pleonal seg-

ment is two and a half times the length of the telson, while in the Fijian female

this segment is three times the length of the telson.

Callianassa indica de Man

Fig. 2A—E

Callianassa indica de Man, 1905: 605; 1928a:100, 160, pl. 17 (fig. 26).

Description

2 Rostrum very short, obtusely triangular, antero-lateral angles rounded,

bearing tufts of setae.

Cornea dorso-lateral; eyestalks with rounded apex armed with three or

four very small blunt tubercles.

Propodus of third maxilliped as long as broad, inner face of ischium

bearing curved row of spines, those of distal part of row closely packed, unequal,

longer spines alternating with three or four short spines, more proximal spines

separate and subequal.

Larger cheliped with dactylus strongly curved, cutting edge bearing two

strong tubercles at about midpoint, thumb of propodus proximally finely

denticulate; palm of propodus one and a half times longer than dactylus,

ventral margin bearing about nine small serrations; ventral margin of carpus

evenly convex; ventral margin of merus armed with ten small teeth; ventral

margin of ischium bearing about twelve small teeth, increasing in size distally.

Smaller cheliped with finger and thumb gaping, equal in length to palm

of propodus; carpus and merus subequal in length, unarmed.

Material

1 9. Mauritius Institute 948, Black River, Mauritius. Carapace length

(including rostrum) 22,5 mm. Total length 84 mm.

Previous Records

Kangeang Reef, Bay of Kankamarain, East Indies.

RECORDS OF MUD-PRAWNS FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND MAURITIUS 51

Fig. 2. Callianassa indica 9

A. Anterior carapace, eyestalks, and antennae in dorsal view. B. Larger cheliped. C. Smaller

cheliped. D. Third pereiopod. E. Third maxilliped, with inner view of ischium.

Remarks

This is the second record of a species that was described from a single

male, total length 90 mm, which lacked the larger cheliped. The above figures

and description, although of a mature female, supplement De Man’s description.

Callianassa mauritiana Miers

Fig. 3A-—H

Callianassa mauritiana Miers, 1882: 341; 1884: 15, pl. 1 (fig. 2). Nobili, 1906: 106, figs 5, 6.

De Man, 1928a: 99; 19285: 10, pl. 2 (fig. 4). Michel, 1974: 256.

Description

In spite of the descriptions given by Miers, Nobili, and De Man, it was felt

that additional figures of this rarely recorded species would be useful. The

figures were done from the male and female syntypes from the British Museum

(Natural History) collection.

52 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 3. Callianassa mauritiana

A. Anterior carapace, eystalks, and antennae in dorsal view. B. Telson and uropod.

C. Third maxilliped, with inner view of ischium. D. Third pereiopod. E. First pleopod 3.

F. Second pleopod g. G. First pleopod 2°. H. Second pleopod 9.

RECORDS OF MUD-PRAWNS FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND MAURITIUS 53

Eyestalk with cornea situated dorsally, slightly distal to midpoint, with

tiny but distinct rounded tubercle distal to cornea.

Third pereiopod with propodus having a curved posterior lobe.

Uropodal exopod bipartite, anterior portion only slightly shorter than

posterior, with spine at base. This spine only developed in adult.

Material

Mauritius, SAM-A13636 ¢ carapace length 12,0 mm total length —

2 11,3 mm 43 mm

Q 9,0 mm 31 mm

Previous Records

Mauritius; Red Sea.

Remarks

Miers (1882: 341) expressed the opinion that the detached large chela

in the container with the two syntypes probably did not belong to either of

the specimens, but to a distinct and larger individual. This need not necessarily

be so, as the species seems to be characterized by a disproportionally massive

larger cheliped. In an immature male with a carapace length of 12,0 mm the

larger cheliped has a length of 40 mm.

Callianassa pixii sp. n.

Fig. 4A-H, 5A-K

Description

2° Carapace with oval shield well defined; rostrum short, acute, triangular,

with median keel running on to carapace; front tridentate, lateral teeth only

slightly shorter than rostrum, also slightly keeled. Eyestalks contiguous for

whole length, tapering from about mid-length to acute apex; cornea situated

dorsally in distal half, hardly visible. Eyestalks reaching to end of first anten-

nular peduncle segment.

Third peduncular segment of antennule slightly more than twice length of

second. Antennal peduncle not quite reaching distal end of antennular peduncle,

two distal segments subequal.

Mandibular palp three-segmented, distal segment set with numerous

setae, equal in length to two proximal segments together; incisor portion weakly

chitinized, with about thirteen small teeth on cutting edge; molar portion a

blunt flattened structure set with plumose setae.

First maxilla, palp slender, distal portion flexed, median edges of lobes

densely fringed with setae.

Second maxilla also densely fringed with setae.

Epipod of first maxilliped with posterior portion longer and broader than

anterior part.

54 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Second maxilliped pediform, exopod slender, leaf-like, endopod with

apical segment bearing cluster of short, stiff setae, rest of appendage fringed

with long setae.

Third maxilliped pediform, lacking exopod, three distal segments together

slightly shorter than two proximal segments; merus and ischium fringed with

long setae, together four and a half times longer than wide; inner face bearing

another fringe of setae; propodus and carpus each with dense bristle pad on

inner face.

First pereiopods subequal, finger and thumb slightly shorter than palm

of propodus, dactylus curved only at tip, cutting edge entire, thumb of propodus

Hie

‘ny Z

WHO Wn Nf Hy

Ss SSN

~ we

SS << S

Fig. 4. Callianassa pixii sp. n.

A. Anterior carapace, eyestalks, and antennae in dorsal view. B. Telson and uropod.

C. Mandible. D. First maxilla. E. Second maxilla. F. First maxilliped. G. Second maxilliped.

H. Third maxilliped, inner view.

RECORDS OF MUD-PRAWNS FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND MAURITIUS 55

Fig. 5. Callianassa pixii sp. n.

A. Larger cheliped 3. B. Smaller cheliped 3. C. Third pereiopod. D. Second pereiopod.

E. Fourth pereiopod. F. Fifth pereiopod. G. First pleopod 3. H. Second pleopod 3.

I. First pleopod 2. J. Second pleopod 9. K. Third pleopod ¢.

56 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

with large triangular tooth at midpoint of cutting edge, followed proximally

by fine denticulations; carpus about half length of palm of propodus, upper

margin entire; merus longer than carpus; ischium with about six tiny denticu-

lations on lower margin.

Second pereiopod chelate, with dactylus, propodus, and carpus together

subequal to merus in length, cutting margins of dactylus and propodus straight,

all segments bearing numerous elongate setae.

Third pereiopod with posterior lobe of propodus oblique-truncate.

Fourth pereiopod with propodus having distal thumb-like lobe slightly

shorter than dactylus, and therefore incompletely chelate; dactylus and propodus

set with numerous short stiff setae.

Fifth pereiopod chelate, dactylus and propodal thumb apically spooned,

set with patches of short dense setae.

First pleopod uniramous, longer distal portion flexed at right angle to

basal portion, bearing clumps of elongate setae.

Second pleopod biramous, rami subequal in length, inner ramus bearing

small lobe on distal half.

Telson broader than long, distal margin concave.

Uropodal exopod bipartite, anterior portion only slightly shorter than

posterior, with spine at base, both portions fringed with short setae; endopod

oval, shorter than exopod, with rounded longitudinal ridge.

35 Larger cheliped subequal in length to smaller cheliped, but propodus

and carpus broader; finger and thumb shorter than palm of propodus; dactylus

only distally hooked, with blunt tubercle near base of cutting edge; thumb of

propodus with slight notch and fine denticulations proximal to blunt tubercle

at about midpoint of cutting edge; upper margin of palm finely denticulate;

carpus with single tooth on upper margin; lower margin of ischium with two

or three barely discernible teeth.

Smaller cheliped similar to first pereiopods of female, but possessing single

tooth on upper margin of carpus.

First pleopod about half length of second pleopod, uniramous, two-

segmented, distal segment with three slight tuberculations.

Second pleopod biramous, outer ramus half length of inner, latter with

trilobed apex, middle lobe largest.

Material

Holotype 2 SAM-A13637 carapace length 27,0 mm total length 85 mm.

Allotype 3 SAM-A13637 carapace length 26,0 mm (posterior pleon and

telson missing). Kowie River estuary, Cape Province, South Africa.

Remarks

Callianassa pixii belongs to that group of species of the subgenus

Callichirus which is characterized by the possession of a pediform third

maxilliped. Of this group, C. pixii most closely resembles C. guineensis de

RECORDS OF MUD-PRAWNS FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND MAURITIUS 57

Man, described from the Gold Coast (De Man 19285). Several differences

make the separation of these two species quite simple.

Although the third maxillipeds are very similar, in Callianassa pixii the

merus and ischium have a more definite curvature than in the west African

species. In the latter, the antennae are distinctly shorter and more slender

than the antennules, eyestalks are not contiguous, and the cornea of the eyes

are large and distinct. In C. pixii the antennae are only slightly shorter than

the antennules and of similar thickness. The eyestalks are contiguous and the

cornea small and hardly defined. The telson and uropodal endopods of the

two species are similar, but the uropodal exopod in C. guineensis is unevenly

bipartite, while in the Kowie species the two portions of the exopod are of

similar length and breadth. De Man’s specimen of C. guineensis was a juvenile,

thus a comparison of the cheliped structure is of little value.

The species is named for Mr Pixie John, well-known local figure of Port

Alfred.

Callianassa kraussi Stebbing

Callianassa kraussi Barnard, 1950: 506. Kensley, 1974: 277.

Remarks

Numerous dactyli and propodi of the larger chelipeds of this species have

been collected from Pleistocene raised beaches at Swartkops, near Port Eliza-

beth, and at Milnerton, Table Bay. Several are larger and more robust than those

of the largest known living specimens of the species.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My sincere thanks are due to the following for making material available

for study: Dr R. W. Ingle, of the British Museum (Natural History) for the

loan of type material of Callianassa martensi and C. mauritiana; Dr C. Miche

of the Mauritius Institute, for the loan of specimens of C. armata and C. indica;

Dr A. T. Forbes for donating the specimens of C. pixii to the South African

Museum, and for useful information; and Mr D. Hatton, for the donation of

specimens of C. mauritiana to the South African Museum.

I am grateful to Professor Nasima Tirmizi of the University of Karachi,

and Dr R. W. Ingle, for reading the manuscript of this paper and for many

useful comments and criticisms.

REFERENCES

BARNARD, K. H. 1950. Descriptive catalogue of the South African Decapod Crustacea (crabs

and shrimps).— Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 38: 1-837.

Epwarps, A. M. 1870, Révision du genre Callianassa (Leach) et description de plusieurs

espéces nouvelles de ce groupe.— Nouv. Archs Mus. Hist. nat., Paris 6: 75-102.

KeEnsLey, B. F. 1974. The genus Callianassa (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea) from the

west coast of South Africa with a key to South African species.— Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 62:

265-278.

58 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

MAN, J. G. DE. 1902. Die von Herrn Professor Kiikenthal im Indischen Archipel gesammelten

Dekapoden und Stomatopoden.— Abh. senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 25: 267-929.

Man, J. G. DE. 1905. Diagnoses of new species of macrurous decapod Crustacea from the

Siboga-Expedition. — Tijdschr. ned. dierk. Vereen. (2) 9(3/4): 587-614.

Man, J. G. DE. 1928a. The Decapoda of the Siboga-Expedition. Part VII. The Thalassinidae

and Callianassidae collected by Siboga-Expedition with some remarks on _ the

Laomediidae.— Siboga Exped. monogr. 39a.6: 1-187.

MAN, J. G. DE. 1928b. A contribution to the knowledge of twenty-two species and three

varieties of the genus Callianassa Leach.— Capita zool. 2(6): 1-56.

MICHEL, C. 1974. Notes on Marine Biology studies made in Mauritius. — Bull. Mauritius Inst.

7(2): 1-284.

Miers, E. J. 1882. On some Crustaceans collected at the Mauritius.—Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.

1882: 339-342.

Miers, E. J. 1884. On some crustaceans from Mauritius.— Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1884: 10-17.

Nosii, G. 1906. Faune carcinologique de la Mer Rouge. Décapodes et Stomatopodes. —

Annls Sci. nat. 4: 1-347.

Tirmizi, N. M. 1974. A description of Callianassa martensi Miers, 1884 (Decapoda, Thalas-

sinidea) and its occurrence in the northern Arabian Sea.—Crustaceana 26: 286-292.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform with the International code of zoological nomenclature

(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be

followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. n., sp. n., comb. n.,

syn. n., etc.

An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening

punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s

name and year. The author’s name (and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a

species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of

a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon.

Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published

scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological

order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.:

Family Nuculanidae

Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15A

Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37.

Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50.

Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (figs 8a—b).

Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87

Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example:

comma separates author’s name and year

semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author

full stop separates references by different authors

figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures

dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby

the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is

not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-

mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material

not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number,

depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes

must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype

SAM-A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach,

Port Elizabeth (33.51S, 25.39E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers and of date.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text

e.g. ‘.. . the Figure depicting C. namacolus...

*, «in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’

(b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded

by initials or full names

e.g. Du Toit but A. L. du Toit

Von Huene but F. von Huene

e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a

book or article, such as

‘Revision of the Crustacea, Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’

Specific name rust not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation

to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively.