hist OF CONTRIBUTORS:

PAGE

G. A. BouLrencEr, F.R.S.

Description of a New Genus of Perciform Fishes from the Cape of Good

oper Plate sexes hier Makt My Hee eas. Gin) ad) cos, Beh bee aes tO1G

R. Broom, M.D., B.Sc.

On Two New Species of Dicynodonts. Plate X... .. .. .. .. .. 452

L. PERINGUEY.

Description of some New or Little Known Mutillide in the Collection of

the South African Museum... $ “so OO 00) oc) BE

Catalogue of the South African Hispine (Caleopter), with aie ae

of New Species .. : Sec ye dh

Fifth Contribution to ne South ean Gol rtiorte. Fauna ; tine

Descriptions of New Species, chiefly in the Collection of the South

African Miuseum., IPlates Vile and Vl 5s 8. ee) 240

A Contribution to the Knowledge of the South African Mutillide

(Gabyaoaksaxoyateve)), Jenne: WABEL 55 go 50 bo oo) 00 oc oo o0 BY

Description of New Species of Mutilla (Hymenoptera) in the Collection

OES Sonia Wvnikeeho Worwhy 55 65 Go 65 60 co so 56 oo Gel’,

W, FE. Pourceny, Ph.D,

Description of New South African PoeenIOns in the Collection of the

South African Museum. Plates I.-LV. Fe Mc io | fc it

On the Species of Opisthophthalmus in te Collection of ne ‘South

African Museum, with Descriptions of some New Forms... .. .. 131

On the South African Species of Peripatide in the Collection of the

SKovblilay Adee WES Bo 66 Bo oo co oo on co oa oo alll

Descriptions of New or Little Known Soles in the Collection of the

South African Museum... fae . 381

Description of New Eee in the Collection of ae eau hBisan

NIUSSUIT, 50 Gh) GOmNeDEIOMEGOMEESO 55.65 65 cco 6, lo 2S

W. L. Scruater, M.A.

List of the Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa, with ers

of New Species. Plate V. 1 oe sis 94

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Wi Jor cle cele) etel ORR MPLGH

* The explanation of Plate VIII., unfortunately omitted from the text, will be found

on page 451.

LIST OF NEW GENERIC

NAMES

INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME.

Heleophryne, n. g., Ranidee, W. Scl.

Balyana, n. g., Hispinee (Coleoptera) Pér.

Oneila, n. g., Seydmeenidee (Coleoptera), Per.

Damarus, n. g., Ptinidee (Coleoptera), Pér. ..

Diplocotidus, n. g., Ptinidee (Coleoptera), Peér.

Argasidus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér.

Xenus, n. g., Tenebrionide (Coleoptera), Pér.

Machlomorpha, n. g., Tenebrionidz (Coleoptera), Per.

Ograbies, n. g., Tenebrionidie (Coleoptera), Pér. ..

Psammodophysis, n. g., Tenebrionide (Coleoptera), Pér. ..

Trachynotidus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér.

Vutsimus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér.

Umslatus, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Peér.

Ghaleca, n. g., Tenebrionidee (Coleoptera), Pér. ..

Phyllocnemida, n. g., Cerambycidie (Coleoptera), Per.

Dinocephalus, n. g., Cerambycidee (Coleoptera), Pér.

Opisthopatus, n. g., Peripatidee, Pure. ..

Atyposoma, n. g., Squamipinnes (Pisces), boul.

DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS.

Part 1, pp. 1-130, issued June, 1898.

Part 2, pp. 131-380, issued March, 1899.

Part 3, pp. 381-460, issued December, 1899.

MIST OL PLATES.

J. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis ¢.

Il. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis ¢, and O. flavescens ?.

III. Opisthophthalmus fossor ? , and O. leipoldti.

IV. Opisthophthalmus laticauda ¢, and Parabuthus calvus ¢

VY. Grayia lubrica, sp. noy.

Klasmodactylus namaquensis, sp. noy.

Heleophryne purcelli, gen. et sp. nov.

VI. New Coleoptera.

VIII. New Mutillide.

IX. Atyposoma gurneyi, gen. et sp. noy.

X. Dicynodon latifrons and Oudenodon truncatus.

KRRATA.

. 29, line 3 from below, for 33 read 44.

. 31, in paragraph a°, for 2-4. Caudal read 2nd to 4th caudal.

. 138, line 18 from above, for south-west read south.

. 156, line 19 from below, for eastern vead western, and for westwards read

eastwards.

P. 353, line 19, for Ml. pandora into M. daphne read M. pandora into M. pyrene.

In Plates I.-IV. the figures have not been drawn to exactly the same scale as

the accompanying centimetre measures, which are thus rendered useless for ascer-

taining the dimensions. These figures were originally intended for reproduction

by photography, and were lithographed by mistake.

wut

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

I.— Descriptions of New South African Scorpions in the Collection

of the South African Musewm.—By W. F. Purcetu, Ph.D.,

First Assistant.

(Plates I-IV.)

THE species of the South African genus Opisthophthalmus have

recently been thoroughly revised, and nearly all of them re-described

y K. Kraepelin (‘ Revision der Skorpione,’ ii. Theil, Hamburg,

1894), and Pocock has subsequently given us a synopsis of the

species contained in the British Museum, with remarks on their

localities and descriptions of some new forms (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6)

v. 17, 1896). The collection of the South African Museum contains

no less than twenty-two species of Opisthophthalmus, of which eleven

are new to science, and are described in the present paper, together

with one new species of Parabuthus.

The figures in the plates are reproductions from photographs

kindly taken for me by my friend Mr. R. M. Lightfoot, of the South

African Museum. The measurements may easily be ascertained

from the centimetre scale photographed with each specimen.

Gen. OPISTHOPHTHALMUS C. L. Koch.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS KARROOENSIS, n. sp.

Plated jtie, 1; Plate Il) fie, 2.

Female (recently killed, in alcohol).*

Colour reddish brown to olive-brown; the hands, interocular area

and vesicle pale-yellow or reddish yellow; cauda and ventral surface

* In the genus Opisthophthalmus the sex of either young or adult specimens

may be easily ascertained from the structure of the genital operculum. In

2 Annals of the South African Musewn.

of abdomen pale olive-brown to brownish yellow; carapace along

the borders of the interocular area darkened, with dark olive-green

or almost black granules; the larger granules and the crests of the

palps also nearly black; anterior face of humerus blackened; fingers

reddish brown to dark olive-green ; legs pale-yellow.

Carapace depressed, somewhat longer than broad, very broad in

front, as long as the first and second caudal segment and half the

third; anterior margin truncated or widely sinuate, rugose and

crenulated, not emarginate in the middle; median groove widened

in front of the eye-tubercle and again anteriorly, but not forked,

terminated by a small concave lobe projecting from the middle of the

anterior edge of carapace, the widened portion of the groove some-

times minutely granular; sides of carapace coarsely granular,

especially along the borders of the interocular area, finely granular

at the posterior angles ; interocular area smooth and polished, finely

punctate ; median eyes one-fourth of the length of carapace from

the posterior margin.

Terga punctate, smooth and shining or very minutely granular

in the anterior part of each segment, finely granular at the sides ;

last segment coarsely granular at the sides; segments 2-6 or 3-6

with a median longitudinal keel.

Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctate ; the last segment

without keels, weakly granular posteriorly, sometimes nearly smooth

with only a very few mesial granules.

Cauda sparsely granular above in the anterior segments ; the upper

crests granular, the terminal tooth in segments 2-4 enlarged ;

upper lateral keels granular, terminating posteriorly in middle of

fifth segment; infero-lateral and median keels granular, weak or

obsolete in segments 1 and 2, distinct in segments 3-5, the median

keels quite and the infero-lateral ones nearly obsolete in first seg-

ment; lateral and ventral surfaces of cauda granular, densely so on

the lower side of first two segments ; cauda shorter than the trunk ;

vesicle large, longer and usually considerably broader than fifth caudal

segment, with a few small granules at the base below.

Palps.—All the crests of the humerus coarsely granular ; its upper

and lower surfaces, except quite distally, coarsely and somewhat

thickly granular; anterior surface with a few small and some very

large granules, its upper and lower edges defined by strong crests.

the male the operculum is completely divided into two separate chitinous plates

by a longitudinal cleft, and, in the adult, a pair of chitinous stylets, attached to

the middle of the operculum, become visible on lifting the plates from behind.

In the female the right and left halves of the operculum are soldered together

along the median line, and there are no stylets.

New South African Scorpions. 3

Brachium with its granular superior surface well defined by two

coarsely granular crests; the posterior surface elevated crest-like

along the middle with rows of coarse granules; the anterior surface

more finely granular, the basal tubercle strong. Hands moderate,

depressed and moderately convex above, the length of hand-back

equalling the breadth of hand, the finger-keel strong and nearly

smooth ; inner part of upper surface of hand nearly smooth, covered

with a network of punctate anastomosing ridges, which are just

perceptibly raised above the surface level, these ridges often replaced

by low granules near the anterior (inner) and the distal borders and

along the finger-keel, the two secondary keels obsolete but their

position indicated by dark lines; inner edge of hand coarsely granular ;

outer part of upper surface of hand coarsely granular, the granules

often forming a crest in the middle.

Legs.—Femora minutely granular, with a row of coarser granules

on their upper and lower edges excepting on the upper edge of the

first pair; tarsi of the last two pairs of legs with 2-3 external and

5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5

internal spines on the lobes; superior process much shorter than

the lateral lobes.

Operculum subcordate, somewhat broader than long, emarginate

behind but not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines extending beyond the apex of fourth coxe, with 20-21

teeth ; scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth for about

one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres of largest female.—Total length 110;

greatest length of carapace 16;* width of carapace 15°8; distance

of eyes from anterior margin 11; width of hand 114; length of hand-

back 114, of movable finger 16, of tail 55; width of first caudal

segment 54, of fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 44.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

The adult males show the following differential characters :—

Colowr.—Abdomen darker above.

Carapace only slightly longer than the first and second caudal

segments ; its interocular area with a few minute granules at the

anterior lateral angles and in the depression in front of the eye-

tubercle.

Terga very densely, finely and evenly granular throughout, coarsely

granular only at the sides of the last segment.

* The carapace is broader in proportion to the length in this specimen than is

usually the case.

4 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Sterna.—-Segment 1 nearly smooth, or granular along the hind

margin ; segments 2-5 finely and densely granular throughout.

Cauda much more densely granular on the ventral surface in the

first and second segments.

Palps.—All the segments longer ; humerus less granular below ;

hands pilose, very long and narrow, the length of hand-back much

exceeding the breadth of hand; the inner part of upper surface of

hand flat, smooth or minutely granular, especially on the sites of the

(deticient) secondary keels, the network of punctures present but not

raised ; inner edge of hand strongly denticulate.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely

cleft longitudinally.

Pectines reaching considerably beyond middle of trochanters of

fourth pair of legs, with 25-29 teeth; scape rectangular at base

behind and therefore toothed along its whole length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 106; greatest length

of carapace 15; width of carapace 144; distance of eyes from anterior

median edge 11; width of hand 74; length of hand-back 11, of

movable finger 214, of tail 56; width of first caudal segment 54, of

fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 5.

Young (in alcohol).

The upper surface of the hand is often covered with a network

of dark pigment, corresponding with the anastomosing ridges; the

humerus and brachium are almost black.

In the nearly adult female the hand is relatively smaller, but pro-

portioned as in the adult, while in the younger individuals the length

of the hand-back considerably exceeds the breadth of hand.

In the nearly adult male the hand is of the same length as in the

female of the same age, but the breadth of the hand is considerably

less than the length of the hand-back (in millim. :—7:84); the

upper surface is provided with a raised network as in the female,

but the ridges show a greater tendency to form granules; the terga

are more or less minutely granular; only the last segment of the

sterna is granular posteriorly ; the carapace is as long as the first

and second caudal segment and half the third.

In the younger individuals of this species the sex is distinguish-

able only by means of the operculum and the pectines. The latter

always possess the same shape and the same number of teeth as

are found in the adult of the corresponding sex, namely, 20-21 in

the female and 24-30 in the male. The granulation on the posterior

part of the last sternite is also always present, though sometimes

consisting of only a few weak granules.

New South African Scorpions. 5

Locality.—All the specimens described above, namely, 5 females,

3 males, and 30 young of all ages, were taken by me at the village

of Prince Albert, Cape Colony.

Further localities are :—

Laingsburg (Buffels River), Prince Albert Div.: 1 adult female

and 16 young of both sexes, agreeing with those from Prince Albert

in every respect.

Beaufort West: 1 adult female (Rev. G. Fisk), 4 adult males and a

large number of young (collected by myself). These male specimens

are smaller, the largest being only 99 millim. long; the granulation

of the sterna is either as in the male of the type or the anterior

segments may be rugose in the middle and granular only at the

sides ; the widened part of the median groove in front of the eye-

tubercle is often smooth. In all other respects these specimens

resemble the type.

Victoria West: 1 male (R. M. Lightfoot), resembling those from

Beaufort West in size, &c.; the anterior sternites of the abdomen

are rugose in the middle and granular at the sides.

The area occupied by this species includes the driest part of

the Great Karroo, known as the Gouph. West of the Buffels River

it is replaced by O. austerus (at Matjesfontein and Touws River),

while northwards it extends to Victoria West and probably much

further. The scorpion lives in shallow excavations under stones on

the tops and sides of small hills, but does not seem to make deep

burrows in the earth as most of the species of the genus do.* In

the structure of the palps in both sexes this species closely resembles

O. pallidipes and O. peringueyt.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GIGAS, 0. sp.

Type: Female (in alcohol).

Colour reddish brown; the interocular area, legs, vesicle, and

under side of abdomen reddish yellow (probably pale-yellow in fresh

specimens) ; hands yellowish brown above at the inner basal part;

the granules on the sides of the carapace and those on the crests

of the palps dark olive-green, nearly black; fingers and distal

part of finger-keel nearly black; mandibles reddish, brown, not

blackened.

This specimen resembles the female of O. karrooensis so closely

that I need only point out the differential characters as follows :—

* Mr. Max Schlechter informs me that O. pallidipes, which he found in con-

siderable numbers in the Divisions of Clanwilliam and Calvinia, also lives simply

under stones without constructing deep burrows in the earth.

6 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Carapace distinctly emarginate in the middle of the truncated

anterior edge; the granulation of the sides very much coarser.

Terga smooth, finely granular at the sides ; last segment coarsely

granular, except along the elevated median line.

Sterna perfectly smooth and polished.

Cauda.—In the first two segments the ventral surface and the

infero-lateral and median keels are perfectly smooth, and the

median keels are not separated by a groove; cauda longer than the

(much contracted) abdomen; vesicle not longer than the fifth

caudal segment.

Palps._—Humerus very coarsely granular on the posterior part of

upper surface, nearly smooth on the anterior part; anterior and

inferior surfaces with a few small and some large granules; the

superior keel of brachium smooth along the top but undulate at

the sides, much stronger than the uppermost keel of the posterior

side, the sloping surface between these keels forming a part of the

rounded posterior surface rather than a distinct upper surface ;

hands denticulate on the inner edge.

Tarsi of third and fourth pair of legs with 3 external and 6

internal spines below.

Operculum subcordate, scarcely broader than long, emarginate

posteriorly but not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines not extending beyond apex of last pair of coxe, furnished

with 24 teeth.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 135; greatest length

of carapace 22; width of carapace 204; distance of eyes from

anterior median edge 154; width of hand 14; length of hand-back

134, of movable finger 214, of tail 77 ; width of first caudal segment

74, of fifth caudal segment 43, of vesicle 64.

Male (dry).

Two specimens, which are undoubtedly adult males of this species,

differ from the female in the following characters :—

Colour of fingers reddish brown or blackish; finger-keel not

blackened ; cauda yellowish or yellowish brown.

Carapace about as long as the first and second caudal segment

and one-third or one-fourth of the third.

Terga finely granular on seg. 1-6.

Sterna apparently smooth (to the naked eye) but provided with a

number of exceedingly minute scattered granules, such as are occa-

sionally found in the male of O. pallidipes.

Cauda with a few minute scattered granules on ventral surface of

New South African Scorpions. 7

first and second segments, similar to those occurring on the sterna ;

the groove between the keels more marked in one specimen.

Palps.—All the segments longer; hands very long and narrow,

the length of the hand-back much exceeding the breadth of hand ;

the inner part of the upper surface of hand smooth.

Pectines not reaching beyond middle of the trochanter of fourth

pair of legs, with 24 teeth (as in the female!).

In addition to the differences mentioned for the females, the male

of this species differs from that of O. karrooensis in the upper

surface of the hand being moderately convex, especially near the

inner edge, instead of flat ; further, the scape of the pectines is not

rectangular at the posterior basal angle but rounded off as in the

female of karrooensis.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 130; greatest length

of carapace 22; width of carapace 204; distance of eyes from

anterior median edge 15; width of hand 10; length of hand-back

15, of movable finger 324, of tail 80; width of first caudal segment

7, of fifth caudal segment 5, of vesicle 7.

Locality.—One of the male specimens is labelled ‘‘ Nisbet Bath

[Warmbad], Great Namaqualand”’ (W. Palgrave). The female

specimen, which bears no label, was captured with 22 colourless

young, to which it had given birth; one of the young ones is in the

animal’s mouth, partially devoured.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FLAVESCENS, N. Sp.

Plate II., fig. 3.

Female (dry).

Colour nearly uniformly yellow, the mandibles and the tips of the

maxillary processes black.

Carapace large, as broad as long, its length equalling that of the

first and second caudal segment together with two-thirds of the

third ; interocular area smooth and shiny, finely punctate, strongly

convex on each side of the median groove; anterior edge not

emarginate in the middle, crenulated ; sides of the carapace some-

what sparsely but not very coarsely granular, the interocular area

not bordered laterally by a strip of coarser granules; median groove

smooth, large, not forked anteriorly, widened in front of the median

eyes to a large lozenge-shaped hollow, and again, anteriorly, to

a narrower but deeper trough-like excavation; median eyes one-

third of the length of the carapace from the posterior border.

Terga.—Segments 1-6 smooth and shiny, finely punctate,

minutely granular only at the postero-lateral angles; segments

8 Annals of the South African Museum.

2-6 with a smooth longitudinal keel; segment 7 with a low,

smooth, median elevation in front, minutely granular on each side

of this, coarsely granular laterally and on the pair of posterior

elevations ; behind the median elevation of seventh segment is a

smooth transverse depression.

Sterna.—All the segments smooth and polished, finely punctate ;

the last not carinate.

Cauda rather weak ; its upper surface smooth and polished ; the

upper crests granular, obsolete in the posterior half of the fifth

segment, the terminal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments

2-4 ; upper lateral crests granular, weak on segment 5, and present

only on the anterior half of the segment ; inferior lateral crests weak

in the anterior segments, smooth in the first 3 segments, weakly

granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; infero-median crests

obsolete on segments 1-8, weakly granular on segment 4, denticulate

on segment 5; ventral surface of cauda smooth, polished and finely

punctate in segments 1-3, nearly smooth and hollowed out between

the keels in segment 4, with a row of coarse granules on each side of

the median crest in segment 5; lateral surface of cauda sparsely and

finely granular ; vesicle smooth.

Palps.—Crests of the humerus coarsely granular, the infero-

posterior crest developed only in the proximal half; upper surface

of humerus coarsely granular; anterior surface flat, large, nearly

as broad as the upper surface, with well-marked upper and lower

crests and coarsely but sparsely granular in the proximal half;

lower surface of humerus with a few weak granules ; upper crest of

brachium composed of a row of coarse granules, posterior surface of

brachium with a number of low, rounded granules ; hands moderate,

convex above, finely punctate and shiny, the upper surface covered

with low, rounded, anastomosing tubercles; finger-keel moderate,

nearly smooth; the inner part of upper surface of hand with a

single, low, broad, longitudinal elevation extending from the base to

the finger, and representing the secondary keels; outer part of

upper surface with a secondary keel, composed of a row of enlarged

granules; width of hand scarcely exceeding the length of hand-

back; inner edge of hand denticulate.

Legs.—Anterior surface of femora nearly smooth, with a few

minute granules, lower edge of femora granular ; tarsi very bristly,

the terminal tarsi of the last two pairs of legs with 1-2 external and

4 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal

spines on the terminal lobes; anterior claw of each foot very long,

much longer than the posterior claw ; superior terminal process of

tarsi very large, longer than the lateral lobes, provided with 6-8

New South African Scorpions. 9

long bristles and appearing, when viewed from above, twice as thick

as either of the claws.

Operculum cordate, somewhat longer than broad, emarginate

behind but not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 20-21 teeth ; scape rounded at the base behind and

free of teeth for about two-sevenths of its length.

Measurements ir Millimetres.—Total length 100; greatest length

of carapace 16; width of carapace 16; distance of eyes from

anterior median border 10; width of hand 10; length of hand-

back 10, of movable finger 164, of tail 51; width of first caudal

segment O04, of fifth caudal segment 4.

A single specimen bearing the label ‘‘ Walfisch Bay,’’ Damaraland

(Carrington Wilmer).

The affinities of this species are not apparent to me. The

structure of the tarsi is very peculiar.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FOSSOR, N. Sp.

Plate III., fig. 4, 4a.

Female (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of carapace, abdomen, palps, and legs dark reddish brown ;

the interocular area of carapace, the vesicle and the inner basal

portion of hand much lighter, ochraceous or reddish yellow; cara-

pace on each side of the interocular area black; a considerable

portion of the humerus and brachium, especially on the crests,

black ; the fingers, the keels of hands and tail and the mandibles

also black.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal

segment and one-third to one-fourth of the third; its interocular

area rugose or weakly granular in front, nearly smooth behind,

rarely nearly smooth throughout; sides of the carapace very

coarsely granular right up to the edge, the granulation especially

coarse along the borders of the interocular area, more finely

eranular at the posterior angles; median eyes one-third of the

length of carapace from the posterior edge ; anterior fork of median

groove usually quite obsolete, occasionally partially developed, never

extending, however, as far as the anterior edge of carapace.

Terga densely granular throughout, the granules coarser in the

posterior part of each segmenc; the last segment coarsely granular

at the sides and behind, finely granular but not at all or scarcely

elevated mesially in front, with a pair of low elevations behind ;

segments 3-6 with traces of the median keel, which often takes the

form of a tubercle.

10 Annals of the South African Museum.

Sterna.—First four segments smooth and polished, finely pune-

tate; last segment smooth (rarely with a few of the minutest

granules) in the middle, coarsely or weakly granular or almost

smooth at the sides, with a more or less distinct keel on each side

and a wide, usually granular, depression between each keel and the

lateral margin.

Cauda moderate; the granulation of the upper surface for the

most part confined to the sides, strong in the anterior and sparse in

the posterior segments, the fifth segment smooth above; upper

crests granular, weak in the anterior segments, the terminal tooth

not enlarged ; upper lateral crests well developed, granular, absent

from the posterior half of the fifth segment; infero-lateral and

median crests strong in all the segments, nearly smooth, sub-

crenulate, or weakly granular in segments 1-2, crenulate or

granular in segments 3-4, serrated in segment 5; sides and ventral

surface moderately granular between the crests; vesicle smooth or

with a few minute granules at the base below.

Palps.—Crests of the humerus and its upper, anterior and lower

surfaces coarsely granular, the upper anterior edge rounded and

coarsely granular; upper crest of brachium smooth or nearly so;

anterior surface of brachium rather finely and sparsely granular,

posterior surface with interrupted and partly granulated longitudinal

crests ; hands broad, robust, cordate at base, strongly convex above ;

inner part of the upper surface of hand thickly covered with low,

rounded, anastomosing granules, the secondary keels black pig-

mented, weak, stronger distally ; outer part of upper surface of hand

with more conical granules and a stronger secondary keel; finger-

keel strong and nearly smooth; inner edge of hand bluntly granular.

Legs.—Anterior surface of posterior femora sparsely and minutely

granular, lower edge of femora more closely granular; tarsi of the

third and fourth pairs of legs with 2 external and 4 (rarely 5)

internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal

spines on the terminal lobes; these lobes scarcely or not much

longer than the well-developed superior process.

Operculum cordate-triangular, emarginate posteriorly but not cleft

longitudinally, somewhat broader than long.

Pectines with 12-14 teeth, the posterior basal angle obtuse, scape

free of teeth at base for about one-fifth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 89; greatest length

of carapace 134; width of carapace 124; distance of eyes from

anterior median edge 8; width of hand 114; length of hand-back 7,

of movable finger 13, of tail 46; width of first caudal segment 6, of

fifth caudal segment 4.

New South African Scorpions. il

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Differential characters :—

Carapace as long as the first two caudal segments together.

Tail robust.

Sterna.—First four segments minutely granular at the lateral

borders; fifth segment granular throughout, usually with coarser

granulation at the sides, in the middle sometimes rugose or even

nearly smooth, keels as in the female.

Palps.—Upper anterior crest of humerus distinct, composed of a

row of coarse granules; hands very pilose, much slenderer than in

the female, the fingers very long ; inner part of the upper surface of

hand nearly flat, often concave distally, covered with low coarse

granules, which may, however, almost disappear, except along the

inner border; the two secondary keels always very distinct, com-

posed of rows of coarse black granules; inner edge of hands

denticulate.

Operculum transversely oval or rhomboidal, much broader than

long, completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 17-20 teeth, rectangular at the base behind and

therefore toothed along the whole length of scape.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 93; greatest length of

carapace 12; width of carapace 114; distance of eyes from anterior

median edge 8; width of hand 8; length of hand-back 64, of

movable finger 17, of tail 53; width of first caudal segment 6, of

fifth caudal segment 44.

Locality.—Two females and two males from Schlanghoek, Wor-

cester Diy. (L. Francke).

Four females and one male from the Winterhoek Mountains,

Tulbagh Div. (Dr. Kolbe, F. Treleaven, R. M. Lightfoot, and my-

self).

Three females and four males labelled ‘‘ Witzenberg Mountains,”

Tulbagh Div. (7. H. Kleinschmidt); characterised by the stronger

crenulation of the inferior keels in the first caudal segment, and by

the smoothness of the inner part of the upper surface of the hand in

the male.

This scorpion constructs deep burrows in the earth, but it also

lives under stones. It is very closely related to O. macer, chaperi,

and probably also to intermedius. The coloration is almost exactly

that of O. macer, Thor., although the humerus and brachium in the

latter are not so darkly coloured; further, in the structure of the

cauda with its well-developed, blackened, inferior keels, in the pro-

portions and structure of the hands in both sexes, in the granulation

12 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the terga and sterna and in the armature of the tarsi these

two species show considerable affinity to one another. The main

difference between them lies in the granulation of the carapace,

which is never provided with very coarse granules in O. macer ; in

the latter, also, the upper surface of the hand in the male is

distinctly convex, in the distal part not concave, and furnished with

stronger secondary keels. In O. macer the last segment of the

sterna is smooth, or granular only at the sides.

Of O. chapert Simon, only the male is known, and is referred by

Kraepelin to O. pilosus (the male of O. capensis), but it is a very

distinct species. The legs in chaperi are yellow and the humerus

and brachium are blacker than in fossor, but for the rest the colora-

tion is identical. The hands are formed as in those specimens of

fossor which have the inner part of the upper surface nearly smooth,

and differ only in the absence of the secondary keels. The tail in

chaperi differs in having the inferior median keels practically obsolete

in segments 1 and 2, the under surfaces of which are densely

granular. The 2-4 segments of the sterna are finely granular and

rugose and the last segment is densely granular with (in my speci-

men) traces of lateral keels. There is no trace of a fork of the

median groove in front. In all other respects the two species are

alike.

O. intermedius, Kraepelin, which I have not seen, evidently also

belongs to this group. It differs from fossor by the legs being

coloured yellow and by not possessing secondary keels on the inner

part of the upper surface of hands, but appears to resemble it in

every other respect.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS SCHLECHTER], N. Sp.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour pale-yellow ; the vicinity of the eyes, a narrow strip on

each side of the interocular area of carapace, five lines on the

upper surface of hands, the mandibles, the anterior region of the

segments of the terga and the under surface of the five caudal

segments infuscate, the infuscate part with 3-1 longitudinal pale

lines in the anterior caudal segments.

Carapace much longer than broad ; its interocular area shiny and

nearly smooth, convex in the middle on each side of the median

groove ; anterior edge not emarginate in the middle; sides of the

carapace finely granulated, the granules along the borders of the

interocular area somewhat coarser than on the rest of the surface ;

median groove bordered by a row of granules on each side, distinctly

New South African Scorpions. 13

forked in front; median eyes one-third of the length of the carapace

from the posterior border.

Terga smooth, except at the sides, where they are finely granular,

seventh segment finely granular, coarsely so at the sides.

Sterna.—All the segments smooth and polished, the last not

carinate.

Cauda moderate; its upper surface granular on the first, nearly

or quite smooth on the following segments ; the upper crests granular,

the terminal tooth enlarged in segments 2-4; upper lateral crests

granular, obsolete in the posterior half of segment 5; infero-lateral

crests smooth and practically obsolete in segments 1-3, weakly

granular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; median crests quite

obsolete in segments 1-4, serrated in segment 5; under surface of

cauda quite smooth and polished in segments 1-4, with a few

scattered granules in segment 5; sides of the cauda with a few

scattered granules in the anterior segments.

Palps.—Crests of the humerus and its upper and anterior surfaces

coarsely granular; under surface of humerus nearly smooth ; upper

crest of brachium coarsely granular, the posterior surface of brachium

granular along the middle; hands moderate, convex above, the

inner part of the upper surface covered with low, weak granules ;

the secondary keels obsolete, their position indicated only by two

black lines; outer part of the upper surface of hand with conical

eranules and a distinct, granulated, infuscate, secondary keel along

the middle; finger-keel very weak, crenulated; inner edge of hand

coarsely granular ; width of hand less than the length of hand-back.

Legs.—Lower edge of the anterior femora and the anterior surface

of the posterior ones granular; tarsi of the fourth pair of legs

with no external and 4-5 internal spines below, in addition to the

3 external and 5 (or 4) internal spines on the terminal lobes; the

superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely

cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 20-21 teeth ; scape free of teeth at the base for about

one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 63 ; greatest length of

carapace 104; width of carapace 94; distance of eyes from anterior

median edge 7 ; width of hand 6; length of hand-back 7, of movable

finger 74, of tail 34.

Female, young (in alcohol).

Operculum undivided, wider than long. Pectines with 14 teeth,

the scape free of teeth at the base for more than one-third of its

length. Rest of the characters as in the male.

14 Annals of the South African Musewn.

A male and a young female specimen, captured by Mr. Max

Schlechter in Little Bushmanland along the road leading from

Steinkopf to Ramond’s Drift on the Orange River, Namaqualand.

They live in burrows in sandy ground. Mr. Schlechter found

O. wahlbergi living in the same locality.

In the male specimen described above the carapace is as long as

the first and second caudal segment and one-half of the third, hence

possibly not quite full grown. It is so well characterised, however,

especially by the smoothness and the absence of crests on the under

surface of the first four caudal segments, that I have not hesitated to

describe it.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GRANICAUDA, 0. sp.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of carapace and cauda brownish yellow to olive-brown ;

legs and vesicle pale-ochraceous ; arms ochraceous to ochre-brown ;

abdomen brown or olivaceous with the hind edge of the segments

brown ; the crests of the palps, the fingers, the mandibles, and the

crests above the median and lateral eyes black or dark olive-green.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal

segment; its interocular area coarsely or weakly granular in front,

nearly smooth on the convexities behind; sides of the carapace

granular, coarsely so along the borders of the interocular area ;

median eyes more than a quarter of the length of carapace from

posterior edge ; median groove distinctly forked in front.

Terga densely and finely granular throughout, the last segment

with coarser granulation at the sides, the third to sixth segment

with a weak, granular, median keel, the seventh with a low, finely

granular, median elevation and two low, coarsely granular, posterior

elevations.

Sterna.—Segments 1-4 finely granular at the lateral borders, their

surface finely rugose or the anterior ones smooth; fifth segment keel-

less, very densely and finely granular or rugoso-granular throughout,

as is also the ventral surface of the first four caudal segments.

Cauda moderate; the granulation of the upper surface for the

most part confined to the sides, strong in the anterior, sparse in the

posterior segments, the fifth segment smooth above; upper crests

granular, the terminal tooth usually (but not always) enlarged and

spiniform on segments 2-4; upper lateral crests well developed,

granular, on segment 5 weak, and present only in the anterior half;

infero-lateral keels practically obsolete in segments 1-4, least so in

segment 4, where a row of slightly enlarged granules often indicates

New South African Scorpwns. 15

their position ; infero-median keels quite obsolete in segments 1-4;

the position of the two ventral pairs of keels on the first four seg-

ments is usually indicated by black lines or spots, which extend on

to the posterior sternite ; the whole ventral surface of the fourth

caudal segment is densely covered with fine rounded granules, slightly

larger than those on the anterior segments; fifth caudal segment

three times as long as broad, sparsely granular at the sides and

below, the median keel weaker than the infero-lateral ones ; vesicle

smooth or minutely granular at the base below, sometimes with

longitudinal infuscate bands.

Palps.—All the crests of the humerus together with its upper,

anterior, and lower surfaces coarsely granular; upper crest of

brachium coarsely granular, the posterior surface sparsely so; hands

hairy, slightly convex and coarsely granular above, the granules

conical and connected by a network of black pigment ; finger-keel

strong and granular, in its distal portion sometimes only crenulated ;

the secondary keels weak, granular, indicated by black lines ; inner

edge of hand denticulate ; width of hand exceeding length of hand-

back.

Legs with the lower edge of femora coarsely granular, the anterior

surface of posterior femora finely granular; tarsi of fourth pair of

legs with no external and 4-5 internal spines below, those of the

third pair of legs with 1-2 external and 4-5 internal spines below, in

addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal lobes;

the superior process much shorter than the lateral lobes.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely

cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 11-15 teeth; scape rounded at the base behind and

free of teeth for one-third of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 82; greatest length of

carapace 12; width of carapace 11; distance of eyes from anterior

median edge 8; width of hand 8; length of hand-back 64, of movable

finger 10, of tail 49; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal

segment 4.

Female (recently killed, in alcohol).

Darker.

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-

third of the third.

Terga.—Segments 1-6 smooth in the middle, finely granular at

the sides; segments 2-6 with smooth longitudinal keels.

Sterna.—All the segments smooth and polished.

Cauda slenderer, with the ventral surface of segment 1 smooth, of

16 Annals of the South African Museum.

segment 2 slightly rugose, of segment 3 weakly but thickly granular,

and of segment 4 finely and densely granular throughout.

Hands.—Inner part of upper surface covered with low, rounded

granules, showing a tendency to anastomose; finger-keel weak,

secondary keels nearly obsolete.

Operculum cordate, somewhat broader than long, emarginate

behind but not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 11 teeth, the basal intermediate lamella elongate as

in the female of O. granifrons, the scape being without teeth at base

for nearly one-half of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 75; greatest length of

carapace 12; width of carapace 11; distance of eyes from anterior

median edge 8; width of hand 9; length of hand-back 64, of movable

finger 94, of tail 40; width of first caudal segment 44, of fifth caudal

segment 3.

Locality—11 males and 1 female collected at Port Nolloth,

Namaqualand.

This species is closely allied to O. granifrons, Pocock ; but in the

latter the fourth caudal segment has distinct, granular, median and

infero-lateral keels below, with only a few coarse and fine granules

between the keels. Further in granifrons the under side of the

humerus is nearly smooth, the posterior sternite is weakly granular

in the female, and that of the male is much more coarsely granular

than in granicauda. In granifrons the number of pectinal teeth

varies from 14-22 in the male and from 10-18 in the female.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS ATER, Nl. Sp.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of whole animal purplish black; the teeth of the pectines,

the median groove of carapace and the soft skin joining the seg-

ments of the limbs white; the under surface of the terminal tarsi,

the basal part of the claws and the spiracles pallid; the fingers,

the base of aculeus and the convexities of the interocular area of

carapace dark reddish.

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-

third of the third; its interocular area coarsely granular in the

anterior part and in front of the median eye-tubercle, but smooth on

the convexities ; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially

along the borders of the interocular area; median eyes a little less

than a third of the length of carapace from the posterior edge ;

median groove distinctly forked in front, white. .

New South African Scorpions. 17

Terga as in the male of O. granicauda, but the three elevations of

the seventh segment are very low.

Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctured, the posterior seg-

ment somewhat roughened at the sides; spiracles with a straight

anterior and arcuate posterior edge, the rather wide space between

these edges occupied by a pale yellowish plate.

Cauda moderate ; its upper surface coarsely granular in segments

1-4, nearly smooth in segment 5, the median groove finely granu-

lar in the anterior, smooth in the posterior segments ; upper crests

granular, weak in segment 1, the terminal tooth enlarged in the

fourth segment ; upper lateral crests weakly granular; infero-lateral

and median crests completely obsolete in segments 1-4, serrated

in segment 5; sides of cauda weakly granular, more strongly so in

the first and fifth segments; ventral surface of first three caudal

segments smooth, polished, and finely punctate, that of fourth

segment somewhat roughened with pits and minute granules; fifth

segment coarsely granular below ; vesicle minutely granular on the

basal half of lower surface.

Palps.—All the crests of the humerus and its upper and anterior

surfaces coarsely granular, the lower surface nearly smooth ; upper

crest of brachium crenulated, posterior surface coarsely granular ;

hands with long hairs, moderately convex above, the upper surface

covered with strong isolated granules; finger-keel weak, granular or

crenulated ; inner part of upper surface of hand with no trace of

the secondary keels, the outer part of the upper surface with traces

of a secondary keel; inner edge of hand denticulate ; middle of

hand slightly exceeding the length of hand-back.

Legs.—Lower edge of femora coarsely granular, anterior surface

of posterior femora finely and sparsely granular ; tarsi of fourth pair

of legs with 1 external and 3-4 internal spines below, those of the

third pair with 2 external and 3-4 internal spines below, in addition

to the 4 external and 6 internal spines on the terminal lobes; superior

process much shorter than the lateral lobes.

Operculwm much broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 13 teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind and

free of teeth for one-fifth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 54; greatest length

of carapace 84; width of carapace ? (specimen damaged) ; distance

of eyes from anterior median edge 6; width of hand 54; length of

hand-back 5, of movable finger 64, of tail 32; width of first caudal

segment 4, of fifth caudal segment 3.

Locality.—A single, somewhat mutilated specimen from Steinkopf,

Namaqualand.

18 Annals of the South African Museum.

This species is remarkable for its dark coloration and the absence

of keels from, and smoothness of, the under surface of the first four

caudal segments. It shows considerable affinity to O. granicauda.

The structure of the cephalothorax resembles that of granicauda

and granifrons.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LEIPOLDTI, nN. Sp.

Plate IIL, fig. 5.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of carapace and abdomen brown, the last segment

yellowish; the interocular area of carapace, the palps, legs, and

tail pale ochraceous; the carapace along the sides of the inter-

ocular area blackened ; the crests of the palps, the fingers, and the

mandibles black or blackish brown.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal

segment ; its interocular area coarsely granular in the anterior half,

nearly smooth on the conyexities behind; sides of the carapace

granular, coarsely so along the borders of the interocular area ;

length of carapace 34-32 times the distance of median eyes from

posterior edge ; median groove distinctly forked in front.

Terga as in O. granicauda.

Sterna.—Segments 1-3 (or 2-3) weakly granular along posterior

border and in the middle, the first sometimes quite smooth; segment

4 densely granular in the middle and posteriorly, very finely so

laterally ; segment 5 (and the first caudal segment below) keelless,

very densely and evenly covered with low, oval granules, which are

somewhat less coarse but denser and more numerous than in the

male of granifrons and capensis ; spiracles with parallel edges.

Cauda less robust than in granifrons ; the upper surface in seg-

ment 1 coarsely granular, in the following segments with a few

scattered granules or nearly smooth; upper crests granular, the ter-

minal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments 2-4; upper lateral

crests well developed, granular, in the fifth segment weak and present

only on the anterior half; infero-lateral crests practically obsolete in

segment 1, the median crests completely absent in the same segment,

both these crests weakly granular in segment 2, more strongly so in

segments 3 and 4, strongly granular in segment 5; sides and under

surface of segments 2-5 with scattered granules, the under surface

of segment 2 more densely granular between the keels; vesicle

smooth; fifth caudal segment more than three times as long as

broad.

Palps.

All the crests of the humerus together with its upper-

New South African Scorpions. 1)

anterior, and lower surface coarsely granular; upper crest of brachium

coarsely granular, the posterior surface with a few granules and some

semicircular elevations round the bases of the hairs along the middle;

hands pilose, slightly convex above and covered with low rounded

elevations; finger-keel strong and nearly smooth; the secondary

keels weak, granular, marked with black lines; inner edge of hand

denticulate ; width of hand equal to the length of hand-back.

Legs with lower edge of femora coarsely granular, anterior surface

of posterior femora finely granular; tarsi of fourth pair of legs

with no external and 5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the

3 external and 4 internal spines on the terminal lobes; tarsi of the

third pair with a minute or no external and 4-5 internal spines below,

in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the terminal

lobes; the superior process as long as the lateral lobes.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely

cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 13-15 teeth, scape rounded at the base behind and

free of teeth for one-third of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 97; greatest length of

carapace 14; width of carapace 12; distance of eyes from anterior

median edge 94; width of hand 74; length of hand-back 74, of

movable finger 13, of tail 56; width of first caudal segment 54, of

fifth caudal segment 4.

Female (recently killed, i alcohol).

Differs from the male in the following characters :—

Colour.—The humerus and brachium in some specimens more or

less blackened.

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and half

the third.

Terga.—Segments 1-6 shiny, smooth or roughened in the middle,

finely granular at the sides, the granulated area increasing in the

posterior segments ; median keel smooth.

Sterna.—Segments 1-4 smooth and polished ; segment 5 weakly

and evenly granular, smooth only along the anterior border, the

granules more numerous than in the female of O. granifrons, Pocock.

Cauda rather weak; infero-lateral crests sometimes weakly

developed in segment 1; under surface of segments 1 and 2

weakly granular, like the last segment of the sterna.

Palps.—Hands broad, robust, cordate at base, strongly convex

above; the inner part of the upper surface thickly covered with low

rounded granules; secondary keels weak, composed of a row of

20 Annals of the South African Museum.

black granules, slightly larger than the others; finger-keel strong,

nearly smooth, often interrupted in the proximal part.

Operculum cordate, slightly broader than long, deeply emarginate

behind, but not completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 8-12 teeth, scape free of teeth at base for about

two-fifths of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 100; greatest length

of carapace 144; width of carapace 134; distance of eyes from

anterior median edge 10; width of hand 104; length of hand-back

8, of movable finger 12, of tail 49; width of first caudal segment 54,

of fifth caudal segment 34.

Four adult males, 6 adult females, and 11 young of both sexes

from Clanwilliam (C. L. Leipoldt).

This species is closely allied to O. granifrons, being intermediate

between granifrons and capensis.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FUSCIPES, 0. sp.

Female (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour a deep rich reddish brown ; the terga, with the exception

of a band along the posterior borders, and the carapace along the

lateral borders of the interocular area nearly or quite black; the

mandibles, the fingers, the crests of palps and of under side of

cauda and the maxillary processes of second pair of legs black ;

the posterior surface of legs, the under side of hands and brachia,

and often also the interocular area and the inner basal portion of

the upper surface of hands lighter in colour; under side of first

caudal segment and of last abdominal sternite with four black

lines, which are sometimes confluent and are continuations from

the four black keels of the second caudal segment.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal

segment and half the third; the anterior edge between the eyes and

the triangular area with a row of hairs, but otherwise nearly smooth

and straight; the median groove deep, distinctly forked in front ;

interocular area coarsely granular in its anterior half, weakly

granular or nearly smooth behind; sides of the carapace coarsely

granular, especially along the borders of the interocular area ;

median eyes one-third, or slightly less than one-third, of the length

of carapace from posterior border.

Terga granular and shiny, the anterior and the mesial portion in

the front segments and the anterior median region in the last seg-

ments but one, very finely granular or only slightly roughened ;

longitudinal keel of segments 2-6 smooth throughout or finely

New South African Scorpions. 21

granular and smooth only on the tubercle ; seventh segment with a

low, median, granular elevation, but scarcely showing a trace of

the lateral crests.

Sterna smooth and polished, the last segment weakly granular,

except in front and at the sides where it is smooth ; anterior edge of

spiracles straight or nearly so, the posterior edge arched backwards,

the space between the edges thus considerably wider at the middle

than at the ends of the spiracle and occupied by a yellowish plate.

Cauda slender; the upper crests granular, the terminal tooth in

segments 2—4 not or but slightly enlarged (in one specimen, however,

enlarged and spiniform); upper lateral crests granular, absent on

posterior half of the fifth segment ; infero-lateral and median keels

obsolete in segment 1, weakly granular in segments 2 and 3, granular

in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; upper surface granular in

segment 1, nearly smooth, with a few minute granules in segments

2-3 or 2-4, smooth in segment 5; intercarinal spaces more or less

granular, the granulation of the basal segment resembling that of

the last sternite; vesicle sparsely granular at base below.

Palps.—All the crests of the humerus, its upper and under sur-

faces and the upper part of the anterior side coarsely granular ;

upper crest of brachium crenulated but not composed of a row of

large isolated granules, anterior lower edge coarsely granular,

posterior edge smooth ; posterior surface of brachium with numerous

smooth, often laterally sinuated ridges placed in rows to form

irregular longitudinal crests; hands convex above, the whole upper

surface thickly covered with low, broad, rounded granules, which

often anastomose in the basal half; finger-keel strong, for the

greater part smooth, showing a tendency to break up into granules

only at the base; secondary keels very weak, defined by black

lines ; the hands wide, their strongly convex inner edge with blunt.

granules.

Legs with the lower edge of anterior femora weakly granular ;

tarsi of fourth pair of legs with only 3 spines on the external terminal

lobe and no external spines on the under side; tarsi of the third and

fourth pair of legs with 8-9 internal spines on the terminal lobe and

the under side together, the fifth spine from the end being some-

times on the lobe, sometimes not; tarsus of the third pair of legs

with 4 spines on the external lobe and 1 external spine on the under

side as well, which, however, is very small and occasionally absent ;

lateral lobes and the superior median process of equal length.

Operculum cordate, broader than long, emarginate posteriorly, but

not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 9 or 10 teeth, rarely with as many as 11 or 12;

22 Annals of the South African Museum

scape toothless for about two-fifths of its length, the posterior basal

angle about 150°.

Measurement in Millimetres.—Total length 85; greatest length of

carapace 13; width of carapace 12; distance of eyes from anterior

median edge 84; width of hand 84; length of hand-back 8, of

movable finger 94, of tail 44; width of first caudal segment 5, of

fifth caudal segment 4.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour of hands lighter above ; terga almost entirely black.

Carapace scarcely longer than first two caudal segments ; posterior

half of interocular area weakly granular or nearly as strongly granu-

lated as the anterior half.

Terga not shiny; the first 6 segments very densely and minutely

granular, with larger granules near the posterior border in the last

3 or 4 of these segments.

Sterna.—First three segments smooth, except along the posterior

edge of the third and sometimes also of the second, where they are

usually roughened ; fourth segment finely granular and rugose, but

smooth in front of the stigmata ; fifth segment entirely covered with

squamiform granules, as is also the lower surface of the first caudal

segment.

Hands much narrower but not longer than in female, more hairy ;

upper surface more weakly granulated, its keels, and especially the

secondary keels, more strongly expressed; the granules on the inner

edge more pointed.

Operculum transversely oval, completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 11-12 teeth ; the scape toothless at base for nearly

one-third of its length, the posterior basal angle 130°—-135°.

Measurements in Millimetres of largest male.—Total length 74 ;

greatest length of carapace 11; width of carapace 104; distance of

eyes from anterior median edge 7 ; width of hand 6; length of hand-

back 54, of movable finger 10, of tail 41; width of first caudal

segment 5; of fifth caudal segment 4.

Locality.—A number of adult males and females from near the

railway station at Tulbagh Road at the foot of the Waterfall Moun-

tains, Tulbagh Division. They construct deep burrows in the

earth.

This species is very closely allied to O. capensis. I can find

scarcely a differential character for either of these species which does

not occasionally appear in the other; excepting, however, (1) the

colour of the legs, the anterior surface of which is deep reddish

brown and the posterior surface lighter in fuscipes, while in capensis

New South African Scorpions. 23

both surfaces are similarly coloured pale ochraceous, becoming

reddish yellow in old spirit specimens ; (2) the shape of the spiracles,

which are very narrow with parallel edges on capensis, but widened

with the posterior edge arched in fuscipes.

ferences are :—

O. capensis (from Cape Peninsula).

Hands smoother above.

Length of hand-back in male

equal to breadth of hand (some-

times less).

Interocular area weakly granu-

lar in front (sometimes coarsely

SO).

Pectines in male with pos-

terior basal angle less obtuse.

Operculum cordate, as long as

broad (sometimes broader than

long).

Segments 2-4 of cauda with

large terminal spine on upper

crests.

Sterna 1-4 more

granular in male.

Tarsi of fourth leg with 4

(sometimes 3) spines on external

lobe.

coarsely

The other main dif-

O. fuscipes.

Hands rougher above.

Length of hand-back less than

the breadth of hand.

Interocular area coarsely granu-

lar in front.

Basal angle of pectines more

obtuse.

Operculum broader than long.

Upper crests without enlarged

spine (sometimes terminal tooth

enlarged and spiniform).

Sterna 1-4 less coarsely granu-

lar.

Tarsi of fourth leg with 3 spines

on external lobe.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PERINGUEYI, 0. sp.

Female (in alcohol).

Colour dark brownish olivaceous, nearly black, the under side

lighter ; legs, vesicle, interocular area of carapace and the hands

reddish yellow (probably pale ochraceous in fresh specimens) ;

fingers and mandibles greenish black; maxillary processes not

darkened at the apex.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal

segment and one-third of the third ; the interocular area smooth and

polished, finely punctate, not bordered laterally by very coarse

granules, but passing gradually over into the rather finely granular

sides of the carapace ; anterior edge of the carapace weakly granular,

seen from above broadly sinuate, slightly emarginate in the middle ;

median eyes two-sevenths of the length of the carapace from the

24 Annals of the South African Museum.

posterior border; median groove enlarged in front of the median

eyes, distinctly forked anteriorly, the triangular area long and nearly

smooth, the T-shaped depression behind the median eyes with a few

very minute granules.

Terga very minutely granular, the segments nearly smooth in the

middle and furnished with a longitudinal keel ; last segment coarsely

granular at the sides and behind, with traces of lateral crests, finely

granular on the low, broad, median elevation in front.

Sterna smooth and polished, finely punctate, the last segment

without traces of keels.

Cauda moderate ; the upper surface granular in segment 1, nearly

smooth, with a few minute granules in segments 2-4, smooth in

segment 5; upper crests granular, the terminal tooth enlarged in

segments 2-4; upper lateral crests granular, absent from the

posterior half of fifth segment; infero-lateral and median keels

smooth in segments 1-3, granular in segment 4, serrated in segment

5; lateral surfaces of cauda smooth and polished in segments 1 and

2, sparsely and finely granular in segments 3 and 4, coarsely granular

in segment 5; vesicle smooth.

Palps.—All the crests of the humerus well developed, coarsely

granular, the upper, lower, and anterior surfaces also coarsely

granular, the lower posterior crest reaching to near the distal end of

the humerus; upper crest of brachium nearly smooth; anterior ~

surface of brachium finely granular, the posterior surface with

several smooth and granular crests, weakly granular between the

crests ; hands large, cordate at base, the inner part of the upper

surface depressed, very moderately convex, thickly covered with

punctate anastomosing elevations, which are scarcely raised above

the level of the surface, without a trace of secondary keels; outer

part of upper surface of hands coarsely granular, with traces of a

secondary keel in the distal part; finger-keel strong, smooth ; inner

edge of hand bluntly granular ; width of hand considerably exceeding

the length of hand-back.

Legs.—Anterior surface of femora finely granular, the lower edge

coarsely so; tarsi of the two last pairs of legs with 2-3 external and

5-6 internal spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal

spines on the terminal lobes ; the superior process shorter than the

lateral lobes.

Operculum subcordate, broader than long, emarginate behind but

not cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 19 teeth, scape rounded at the base behind and free

of teeth for one-fourth to one-fifth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 103; greatest length

New South African Scorpions. 25

of carapace 154; width of carapace 15; distance of eyes from

anterior median edge 95; width of hand 124; length of hand-back

10, of movable finger 17, of tail 56; width of first caudal segment 6,

of fifth caudal segment 4.

Male (in alcohol).

The male presents the following differential characters :—

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segments

together.

Cauda more robust.

Terga.—Whole surface densely and finely granular, the last seg-

ment coarsely granular at the sides and behind.

Sterna minutely granular at the lateral borders in segments 1-4.

Palps with all the segments much longer than in the female ;

hands long and narrow, with very long fingers ; length of hand-back

exceeding breadth of hand; inner part of the upper surface of hand

flat, concave distally, weakly granular, nearly smooth in the middle,

with two weak secondary keels; outer part of the upper surface

very weakly granular, nearly smooth; inner edge of hand scarcely

denticulate.

Operculum transversely oval, much broader than long, completely

cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 26-28 teeth, the scape rectangular at the base

behind and therefore toothed along its whole length.

Besides these there are other differences which may be put down

to the specimens having possibly been captured in different localities.

The colour of the male, for instance, is much lighter, being brown with

a large black patch on the carapace on each side of the interocular

area, the palps reddish yellow with dark crests, the legs, vesicle,

interocular area, and the hands ochraceous ; further, the surfaces of

the humerus and brachium are much more sparsely granular, the

infero-lateral keels in segments 2 and 3 and the median keels in

segment 3 of cauda are crenulated.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 109; greatest length

of carapace 16; width of carapace 154; distance of eyes from

anterior median edge 10; width of hand 10; length of hand-back

104, of movable finger 25, of tail 65; width of first caudal segment

64, of fifth caudal segment 4.

Male, nearly adult (in alcohol).

This specimen resembles the female in its coloration and in the

granulation of the surfaces of the humerus and brachium; the

hands have the shape of those of the female but are narrower

26 Annals of the South African Museum

(breadth of hand 9, length of hand-back 84, of movable finger 144),

and the upper surface is thickly covered with rather coarse and

isolated granules ; secondary keels as in the female ; cauda, terga,

sterna, operculum, and pectines as in the adult male; pectines with

28 teeth.

Locality—An adult female and a nearly adult male labelled

‘‘ Namaqualand,’’ Cape Colony (L. Péringuey), and an adult male

with no history attached.

This species is very closely allied to O. pallidipes, and bears to

the latter species very much the same relation that O. macer does

to O. fossor. Almost the only important difference lies in the

granulation of the carapace, the numerous very coarse granules on

each side of the interocular area, so characteristic of O. pallidipes,

are replaced by comparatively fine granules in O. peringueyt.

Further, in O. pallidipes the carapace is much narrower in pro-

portion to its length and its sides are abruptly deflected and very

steep, being nearer to the perpendicular than to the horizontal ; in

O. peringueyi, on the contrary, the middle part of the upper surface

of the carapace passes over quite gradually into the sides, which

are inclined at the most at an angle of 45°, and the length of the

carapace is but slightly in excess of its breadth.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LATICAUDA, 0. sp.

Plate IV., fig. 6.

Male (dry).

Colour reddish brown, legs and palps lighter underneath; the

mandibles, fingers, finger-keel, upper and lower posterior crests of

the humerus and brachium, the maxillary processes of the first and

second pairs of legs, the infero-lateral keels of first three caudal

segments and the greater part of ventral surface of abdomen

blackened ; carapace along the borders of the interocular area also

darker.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal

segment and one-fourth of the third; its interocular area weakly

granular in front, smooth on the convexities behind, the anterior

edge between the eyes and the triangular area distinctly, if some-

what weakly, granular; sides of the carapace coarsely granular,

especially along the borders of the interocular area; median eyes

more than a quarter of the length of carapace from the posterior

border; median groove distinctly forked in front.

Terga densely and minutely granular, with coarser granules in the

posterior half of segments 3-6; seventh segment coarsely granular,

——

New South African Scorpions. 27

except on the anterior median part; segments 3-6 weakly keeled on

the posterior half, segment 7 with a low, broad, coarsely granulated

elevation on each side behind, but with no median elevation.

Sterna smooth, segments 1-4 finely granular at the lateral

borders; last segment smooth in the middle, distinctly keeled on

each side, the region between the keel and the lateral margin with

a depression posteriorly and a few large and small granules in front

of the depression.

Cauda very wide and robust; the upper surface smooth, granular

only in segment 1 towards the sides; upper crests granular, the

terminal tooth enlarged and spiniform in segments 2-4; upper

lateral crests granular, in segment 5 weak and present only on the

anterior half; infero-lateral crests distinct and smooth in segment 1,

weakly crenulated in segment 2, granular in segments 3 and 4;

infero-median crests obsolete in segment 1, just visible in segment

2, weakly granular in segments 3 and 4; intercarinal spaces smooth,

if a few isolated granules be excepted ; basal segment quite smooth

below ; fifth segment robust, less than three times as long as broad,

its three inferior keels with strong, sharp teeth ; breadth of second

segment equalling its length along the upper median line; vesicle

granular at the base below.

Palps.—All the crests of the humerus coarsely granular, upper

surface of humerus sparsely granular, anterior surface with very

coarse granules, inferior surface nearly smooth; upper crest and

posterior surface of brachium coarsely granular; hands hairy,

rather flat above and. coarsely granular; finger-keel moderately

strong, granular throughout, secondary keels rather indistinct ;

hands moderately wide, the width considerably exceeding the length

of hand-back ; inner edge sharply denticulate.

Legs with the lower edge of all the femora coarsely granular ;

tarsi of fourth leg with 1-2 external and 5 internal spines below,

and 4 on the external terminal lobe ; superior process shorter than

the lateral lobes.

Operculum transversely oval, considerably broader than long,

completely cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with 15-16 teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind

and free of teeth for about one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 101; greatest length

of carapace 154; width of carapace 14; distance of eyes from

anterior median edge 104; width of hand 11; length of hand-back

9, of movable finger 164, of tail 58; width of first caudal segment

4, of fifth caudal segment 5.

Locality.—A single specimen labelled ‘ Calvinia” (P. Percival).

28 Annals of the South African Museum.

This species is easily distinguished from O. granifrons, which it

resembles, by the smoothness of the ventral surface of the last

abdominal and first caudal segment and by the stoutness of the

tail. In the male of O. granifrons the fifth caudal segment is more

than 34 times as long as broad, and the second caudal segment is

considerably narrower than its own length on the upper median

line. Further, in O. granifrons the tarsus of the fourth leg has no

external spine below and only three on the external terminal lobe.

Gren. PARABUTHUS Pocock.

PARABUTHUS CALVUS, D. sp.

Plate IV., fig. 7.

Male (recently killed, in alcohol).

Colour ochraceous, the legs and palps paler than the trunk; the

median eye-tubercle blackened.

Carapace wider than long, much narrowed anteriorly, the anterior

width being only one-half the posterior width ; median groove wide,

almost smooth, except near the anterior margin of frons, where it is

granular; sides of the carapace with several transverse depressions,

which are almost smooth ; median eye-tubercle situated in front of

the middle of carapace, quite smooth, as is also a broad band ex-

tending on each side from this tubercle obliquely forwards nearly as

far as the lateral eyes; rest of the carapace finely granular, the

interocular area with coarser granulation ; carapace with a few hairs

on anterior edge, but with no trace of hairs or crests on the upper

surface.

Terga.—The segments finely granular in the posterior, roughened

in the anterior part; the anterior six with a median keel; the seventh

with four granular crests, its upper surface smooth at the sides,

densely and finely granular (shagreened) on the shallow median

depression.

Sterna smooth and polished, with traces of fine granulation at

the extreme lateral borders; the last segment with four obsolete

keels, entirely smooth.

Cauda very stout, the first three segments of equal width, as

wide as the breadth of the carapace across the median eyes, the

fourth segment narrower than the preceding ones, the fifth narrower

than the fourth; first two caudal segments flattened above, with a

shallow, elongate depression in the middle, which is shagreened in

the same manner as that on the last tergal segment, the upper

surface at the anterior edge of the depression projecting forwards

New South African Scorpions. 29

step-like and then suddenly descending perpendicularly ; segments

3-5 convex from before backwards, but concave from side to side,

only the third being provided with a small patch of shagreened

surface in the middle; first three caudal segments with ten keels,

the three upper pairs of keels weakly granular, but equally developed

in each segment (the uppermost parallel, not converging behind),

the two inferior pairs smooth in segment 1, weakly granular in

segment 2, and more coarsely granular in segment 3, these three

segments smooth and polished between the keels; fourth caudal

segment with the uppermost crests weakly granular and all the

other crests practically or quite obsolete, its whole surface, with the

exception of a very few low remote granules smooth and polished ;

fifth caudal segment with the uppermost crests practically obsolete

and represented only by a few weak granules, the inferior lateral

crests obsolete anteriorly, represented posteriorly by 3 coarse

granules followed by 2 large teeth ; upper and lateral surfaces of fifth

segment smooth and polished, the inferior surface with a few

granules along the middle and 3-4 similar ones scattered on each

side, otherwise also smooth and polished ; vesicle with several rows

of granules on the lower surface.

Palps.—Superior and anterior surface of humerus roughened, with

parallel edges, bordered by a row of granules, the anterior surface

with two irregular series of coarse conical granules; brachium

scarcely roughened on the surface, the front edge with a few

sranules distributed along its length and a large tooth at the base ;

front and hind edges of brachium nearly parallel, only slightly con-

verging distally; hand long and slender, much thinner than the

brachium (when viewed from above); fingers long, incurved, the

movable one two and a half times as long as the hand-back.

Legs with a row of granules along the upper and lower edges of

femora, otherwise almost smooth.

Pectines shorter than the carapace, with 25-26 teeth, the pos-

terior basal angle of the scape produced into a broad prominent lobe.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 63; length of cara-

pace 7; width of carapace 8; distance of eyes from anterior edge

3; length of humerus (along upper side) 54, of brachium 64, of

hand-back 3, of movable finger 74; width of humerus 14, of

brachium (at base of large anterior tooth) 24, of hand 1}; length

of tail 38, of first caudal segment 5, of fifth 7; width of first caudal

segment 64, of fourth 53, of fifth 54, of vesicle 44; height of first

caudal segment 44, of fifth 32, of vesicle 3.

A single specimen collected by Mr. Max Schlechter in the Onder

Bokkeveld, Bokkeveld Mountains, Calvinia.

30 Annals of the South African Museum.

The sex of this specimen is beyond doubt, as the usual pair of

chitinous stylets, characteristic of the male, is present, attached to

the soft skin at the posterior end of the genital orifice. This species

is well characterised by the smoothness and the remarkable thick-

ness of the cauda. It comes nearest to P. planicauda, Pocock, the

female and male of which have similar palps,* although the movable

finger in the latter species is shorter in proportion to the length of

the hand-back. The shagreened part of the caudal segments is also

similar in both species. The lobe-like basal angle of the scape of

the pectines is peculiar, exactly resembling that occurring in the

female of planicauda.

Synopsis of the Species of OPISTHOPHTHALMUS

in the collection of the South African Museum, which have the median groove of

the carapace distinctly forked in front and the eye-tubercle situated far behind

the middle of the carapace.t

a. Under side of the first 4 caudal segments convex, not grooved longitudinally,

with the median crests quite obsolete, represented at most by black lines.

(The superior process of the tarsi much shorter than the lateral lobes.)

a’. External lobe of tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines; interocular area of cara-

pace nearly smooth, the granules bordering it only slightly coarser than

the rest. Little Bushmanland.. .. .. .. & 20. schlechteri, n. sp.

bt, External lobe of tarsus of 4th leg with 4 spines ; interocular area granular

on the anterior half, bordered on each side by a strip of coarser granules.

a’. Entirely black ; lower surface of abdomen and of first 3 caudal segments

smooth and polished, that of 4th caudal segment somewhat roughened ;

terminal tarsus of 4th leg with 1 external spine below. Namaqua-

[nol CCAR eC CMCOMECMMAS GOT od She 65” 46 hOB ulsine

Is)

. Ochraceous to brown, the abdomen darker; lower surface of last

abdominal and of first 4 caudal segments densely and finely granular

in the ¢, smooth in the ¢, except in the 3rd and 4th caudal segments,

which are also thickly granular; terminal tarsus of 4th leg with no

external spine below. Namaqualand, C.C. ¢ ? O. granicauda, n. sp.

b. Under side of the 4th caudal segment with distinct median and lateral keels,

the surface distinctly grooved between the keels.

a3. Last segment of the sterna always coarsely, though often somewhat

weakly granular, at least in the middle; terminal tarsus of 4th leg

* The specimens described by Pocock (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), vol. iii., 1889, p. 345)

as the male of planicauda belong to another species.

+ O.fossor with occasionally partially developed fork, O. intermedius, Kraepelin,

with incompletely developed fork, and O. latro, Thor. (the last two being unknown

to me), are the only species omitted, which may possibly be brought into this

category.

New South African Scorpions Sil

with a single row of spines below (in capensis occasionally with a

minute external spine in addition) and with 3-4 spines on the

external terminal lobe.

a+. Interocular area of carapace smooth or nearly so, not bordered

on each side by a strip of coarse granules; sterna coarsely

granular in all the segments. (Tarsus of 4th leg with 4 spines

on the external lobe, superior process shorter than the lobes.)

Port Elizabeth * Rf K I-Ie oO) DUCLILS weerac pe

b+. Interocular area normally granular or rugoso-granular in the

anterior half; sides of the carapace coarsely granular, especially

along the borders of the interocular area; the ultimate and

often, also, the posterior part of the penultimate segment of

the sterna in the ¢, and the posterior 2-5 segments in the

adult ¢, granulated.

a5, Finger-keel and upper crest of brachium composed of a row

of coarse granules; outer part of upper surface of hand

coarsely granular; superior process of tarsi shorter than

the lateral lobes. (Legs pale ochraceous; external lobe of

tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines only.) Namaqualand, C. C.

o 20. granifrons, Pocock.

bs. Finger-keel almost smooth; superior process of tarsus at

least as long as the lateral lobes.

a°. Legs and interocular area of carapace pale ochraceous

(becoming reddish yellow in old spirit specimens) ; ter-

minal tooth of upper crests of 2-4. Caudal segments

mostly enlarged and spiniform.

a7. Upper crest of brachium composed of a row of

coarse granules; tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines on

the exterior terminal lobe. Clanwilliam

3 2 O. leipoldti, n. sp.

b7. Upper crest of brachium almost smooth; tarsus of

4th leg with 3-4 spines on the outer lobe. Cape,

Stellenbosch .. .. .. o& ?O. capensis, Herbst.

b®. Legs (and whole animal) of a rich deep reddish brown

colour above, paler below; anterior edge of spiracles

straight or nearly so, the posterior edge arched back-

wards, the space between the edges thus considerably

wider at the middle than at the ends of the spiracle ;

tarsus of 4th leg with 3 spines on the external lobe ;

terminal tooth of upper caudal crests rarely enlarged.

WuloeIN Go a5 5n oo do pe of Obi Rednas, meio.

b3, Last segment of the sterna smooth in the middle (sometimes fur-

nished in the ¢ of pallidipes with exceedingly minute scattered

granules, invisible to the naked eye); terminal tarsus of 4th leg

with a double row of spines, viz., 1-3 external and 4-6 internal

spines below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on

the terminal lobes. (Superior process of tarsus shorter than the

lateral lobes.)

* Also Orange Free State (Kraepelin).

Annals of the South African Musewn.

a®, Interocular area of carapace granular on its anterior half

(ORE

(and bordered laterally by coarse granules); under side of

humerus smooth; pectines of ¢ with about 15 or 16 teeth, the

scape rounded at base behind and free of teeth for about

two-sevenths of its length. Hand of ¢ stout, coarsely granular

above, its breadth much exceeding the length of hand-back.

(Crib 55 55 566 50 08 oo bo & ObWlenenpiola, mm, 50.

Interocular area smooth (in pallidipes sometimes weakly granular

anteriorly) ; under side of humerus coarsely granular; pectines

in ¢ with 24-31 teeth, the scape rectangular at the base behind

and toothed throughout its length; pectines in ? with 16-22

teeth, the scape rounded at the base behind and free of teeth

for about one-fourth to one-sixth of its length; hand of adult ¢

nearly smooth aboye, slender, with very long fingers, the breadth

of hand not exceeding the length of hand-back.

a’. Sides of the carapace abruptly deflected and very steep, very

coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the in-

terocular area. Namaqualand, van Rhijnsdorp, Clanwilliam,

Calvinia, and Piquetberg Divisions Lic gies ose Re

$ 2 O. pallidipes, C. L. Koch.

6°. Sides of the carapace gradually and not very much deflected,

with no coarse granulation bordering the interocular area.

Namaqualand, C.C. .. .. .. ‘& 2 O. peringueyi, n. sp.

Ann. S.Atr. Mus. Vol.1. Pl. I.

Lue

omer tly

in|

Linh

pean. af

petted ay

ian

West, Newman lith.

pies Ie Opisthopthalmus karrooensis. Q (nat svxe.)

Ann. 5. Afr. Mus. Vol. 1 Pit

mist

77|

Liotta tt

72]

> 77]

£4

ifiriitys

aren

iri]

emer

Jyrurtii ry

Li}

“naam aT

atin

ic.

tit)

West,Newman lith.

fig. 2. Opisthophthalmus karrooensis, o (nat size

)

Gv,

o. U. tlavescens, 9 (nat size.)

Avorn, Sede) Maas, Vol, 1. PI:

Dot

nin

tht

thd

fal 0 | =

zl “fy ae gia

= ae Ss

= |

wie z

poy ae

| = ‘ye

Ee ==

rj =| eI

| 3 al

PS =

ie 3

phwrhin ta

arena

1\C ML.

Sitti

cm.

Dear

West, Newman lth

Fig 4. Opisthophalmus fossor, g (nat size.)

Fig. 4a. palp. of ad. d (nat svxe,) Fig. 51,0) lerpoldt.. (nat suze.)

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol.I. Pl. IV.

Each

biti: ulti

West, Newman lith

2 = F \

TL! = fi } | = = =e: 1 El =

tig oO. Oni thophthalmus l1aAULCaAUGa. O | NAL suze, }

— es = =

Pig i Earaouenws alwmuis. & {na e,.]

(33 )

II.—Description of some New or Little Known South African

Mutillide in the Collection of the South African Museum.

—By L. Périnevsy, Assistant Director.

THE number of described South African species, exclusive of two

which are in synonymy, and one the identity of which is dubious,

is 49. Twenty-three of these are represented in the Cabinet. I am

now giving the description of 87 more, which I have reason to

believe have not been described hitherto, with perhaps the exception

of 2, the description of which I have not been able to procure.

So far as is now known the recorded South African species exceed

by 12 the Mutillidee of British India, including Ceylon and Burma.

The two sexes of 9 species only out of 139 are ascertained ; it is,

however, probable that 20 males described singly by different

authors, myself included, will prove to be identical with females

already known.

Bingham describes both sexes of 5 species only in his ‘ Fauna of

British India,’ London, 1897, out of 120 species known to occur

there. This goes to prove that it is not only in South Africa that

little attention or observation has been paid to that family of

Hymenoptera.

In South Africa the sexes of the following species are now known

with certainty :

Mutilla thyone, Pér., bred from the cocoons of a Clythrid beetle

by Dr. H. Brauns.

M. sycorax, Sm., bred by myself from the mud-nests of Pelopeus

spirifex.

M. capicola, Pér., caught im copula by myself.

M. galanthis, Pér., caught in copula by myself.

M. capensis, Sauss., caught in copuld by myself.

M. purpurata, Sm., caught i copula by Dr. H. Brauns.

34 Annals of the South African Museum.

M. speculatriz, Sm., caught a copuld by Dr. Purcell, Mr. R.

Lightfoot, and myself.

M. helle, Pér., both sexes found drowned in a pool of water, still

adhering to one another.

M. aglaéa, Peér., bred by Dr. H. Brauns from the nest of a

Ceratina.

It is also most probable that Mutilla angulata, Sm., is the male of

M. horrida, Sm., and that the males of M. tecmessa and M. agave

are what I believe them to be, but I have some doubt as to the

identity of the male of M. themis, although both sexes were sent to

me as having been caught in coiti; M. exaltata, Sm., might also

prove to be the male of IM. alcyone, Pér.

It is difficult to estimate the number of South African species, but

I think that it will be probably double the one now known. Dr. H.

Brauns, who is one of the few entomologists who have paid special

attention in South Africa to the collecting of the Order, has collected

in the vicinity of Port Elizabeth no less than 45 species. In my rare

collecting trips I have found an abundance of them on the edge of

the Karroo, while Namaqualand, Damaraland, and neighbouring

territories, have not yet been searched systematically for that special

group of parasitic insects.

In spite of their great resemblance all the world over, there is a

difference in the general appearance and colouring of the forms from

the western parts of South Africa and from the eastern ones ; that

difference is not so well marked as in other Orders, but yet it is

noticeable, and will doubtless be more apparent when more species

have been collected.

For facilitating the identification I have divided the species in

different groups according to the disposition or absence of the

abdominal bands or spots. This arrangement may prove to be only

provisional, but I have found it so far to fail less egregiously than

the others I have attempted.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 35

OrveEr HYMENOPTERA.

TrBE FOSSORES.

Famiry MUTILLIDA.

Gen. APTEROGYNA, Latreille,

Gen. Crust. & Insect., iv., 1809, p. 121.

Synopsis of Species.

? Head, thorax, legs, and basal segments of abdomen pale

testaceous 30 Go Go 50, 60 95 90) ou 60 05 99 55) VeereNee

? Posterior part of the head, thorax, and first abdominal

segment testaceous red; legsfuscous .. .. .. .. .. «.. A. clymene.

¢ Black, with the two basal abdominal segments, the an-

tenne and legs red 55. 09 90 90 90 190 “40 99 50a en AS GpOoaHOMaNeR

‘

APTEROGYNA CYBELE.

Female.—Head, antenne, thorax, first abdominal segment and

legs testaceous red, the other abdominal segments black ; the whole

body is clothed with long pale hairs; head striolate in the centre

and clothed besides the hairs with a very short, silky pubescence ;

prothorax subparallel laterally and separated from the mesothorax by

a very distinct transverse groove, mesothorax hexagonal, meta-

thorax sloping, the posterior part with a sharp ridge, emarginate in

the middle; first abdominal segment very rugose, the second,

third, and sixth distinctly striolate, the fourth and fifth smooth ; the

third, fourth, and fifth have a narrow margin of moderately dense,

silky, whitish hairs ; ventral carina of the basal segment very short

and dentiform. Length 6-12 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Namaqualand).

Allied to A. savignyt from Egypt.

APTEROGYNA CLIMENE.

Female.—Resembles very much A. cybele, but the colour of the

thorax and first abdominal segment is redder ; the head is infuscate

36 Annals of the South African Museum.

laterally and in front and is occasionally quite black; the legs are

black, or piceous black, and the sculpture of the thorax and abdomen

consists of deeper punctures, and in the latter the striolation is more

distinct and the intervals are almost longitudinal on the second and

third segments. Length 6-13 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Namaqualand, Port Elizabeth).

Like the preceding one, this species varies much in size, and in

the larger examples the punctures and the striolation are much

more striking. The large examples resemble A. muwtilloides from

India.

APTEROGYNA MNEMOSINA.

Male.—Head, thorax, and the four apical abdominal segments

black ; metathorax with a ferruginous patch above the posterior

declivity ; first and second joints of abdomen red; antenne and

legs testaceous red ; the whole body clothed with short, very dense

greyish hairs ; head small, thickly pubescent, eyes not emarginate ;

thorax roughly punctured, metathorax with two median grooves

diverging from the apex to the base, scutellum much raised, pos-

terior declivity truncate ; abdomen closely punctured, second seg-

ment narrowly grooved from base to apex in the middle, third

segment also with a narrow shallow median line, and fringed with a

greyish dense pubescence, the other apical three segments clothed

with the same pubescence which has a silky, whitish sheen laterally ;

wings hyaline with the nervures and the stigma brown and a sub-

apical brown patch reaching from the upper margin to one-third of

the width. Length 15 mm.

Hab. Damaraland (Walfish Bay).

Size and shape of A. globularia, Fabr., but otherwise coloured ;

the antenne are much more filiform, the abdomen is closely pune-

tured instead of being striolate, and the second and third segments

are not grooved in the dorsal part in A. globularia.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide 37

Gen. MUTILLA, Linn.,

Syst. Natur., Ed. 10a, 1758, pp. 3438, 582.

(FEMALES AND MALES.)

FIRST DIVISION.

Synopsis of Species.

BASAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT LONG OR VERY LONG, NODOSE AT APEX.

A3.—DoRSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS HAVING APICAL BANDS

OF WHITE OR ORANGE HAIRS, BUT NO MEDIAN PATCH ON THE

SECOND SEGMENT.

a+, First abdominal segment long, petiolate.

63, First abdominal segment banded, bands non-interrupted.

? Thorax subhexagonal, more attenuate from the median part to,

the apex than in the anterior part, ferruginous red; head and

abdomen black, first segment equal in size in both sexes, intermediate |

and posterior tibiz with only one submedian spine

¢ Prothorax and mesothorax red, metathorax black, Siimenaness

second abdominal segment without any ventral carina ‘|

capicola.

a3. First abdominal segment very long.

b?. Two basal segments banded.

@ Thorax subhexagonal and very much attenuate in the posterior

part, median part with a lateral, conical tubercle ; apical band of the

second abdominal segment produced in the middle in the shape of

a narrow triangle reaching to about one-third of the length; tibiz

Wilda CUby iO wo Go go 66 oo 6a oo 66 960 Go oa SURO

? Body entirely black, elongate, thorax similar in shape to that of

the preceding species, apical band of first segment interrupted

Ibe ra yess Ace Eee Rice see pce arc tae es, yee Se) SUTIN.

a’. First abdominal segment very long and slender in the male,

moderately long in the female.

b'. Three basal segments banded.

¢ Thorax diagonal laterally from the anterior angle to about one-

third of the length, outer sides subparallel, basal part nearly as broad)

as the apical one; head and abdomen black ; thorax ferruginous red -galanthis.

¢ Whole upper part of the thorax red, metathorax a little |

attenuate behind eer Metal Ieee ai simesiers)) | ie isisie Tests

A?.—DoRSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH MEDIAN APICAL

PATCHES AND BAND.

a‘. First abdominal segment very long in the male, subsessile in

the female.

38 Annals of the South African Musewn.

¢ Thorax very long, hexagonal, black with a large dorsal reddish

patch ; first and second abdominal segments with a small apical

white patch, second segment bright red, third segment clothed with

a pubescent band hardly interrupted in the centre; tibie with a

supra-apical spine ..

? Thorax long, angular laterally; abdomen red with the apex of

the second segment, the third and fifth black, third and fourth

clothed with a white band, basal one with a central patch ..

A'.—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITHOUT WHITE BAND OR SPOT.

(No female.)

(FEMALES AND MALES.)

SECOND DIVISION.

C’.—BASAL SEGMENT SUBSESSILE OR SESSILE IN THE FEMALE AND

IN THE MALE.

A°.—No BAND OR SPOT ON THE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS.

? Light testaceous, covered with a short, dense flavescent

pubescence ; head and apical joints of antenne black; thorax sub-

ewrydice.

danaé,

jocue ER Bere lug id Soc ta ue (gt)! do pel eormBCOeEDES Ino. (ONE IUC.

A5.—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH BANDS, BUT NO SPOT.

a?, The second abdominal segment with an interrupted band.

a®. The two basal abdominal segments with a band, non-inter-

rupted. (No female.)

? Head with three very distinct ocelli; thorax truncate at apex,

much constricted laterally in the middle with the posterior part

produced triangularly on each side, disk with a sharp spine at about

the scutellary part

@ Thorax narrowing from apex to base, where it is one-fourth

narrower, anterior angles sharp, outer sides slightly sinuate at

about one-fourth of the length and having three sharp and very

distinct lateral spines from the median part to the top of the

declivity

a7. The three basal abdominal segments with a white band, non-

interrupted.

b?. Bands straight.

? Thorax parallel, not narrower at base than at apex, outer

sides with five short teeth, two of which are formed by the

anterior and posterior angles, posterior part truncate perpendicu-

larly, top of the declivity with a sharp, short tooth on each side

and one in the middle, sides serrulate .. ous

? Thorax a little sloping in the anterior part, and diagonally

attenuate from the anterior angle to the base, where it is narrowed

to about half the width, sides subserrate, not emarginate ; tibiee

OUNOSES Ga 06 60 46 oo 60 oc

erigone.

evadne.

althea.

alcis.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 39

¢ Thorax subhexagonal, median part aculeate, anterior part not

incised, or hardly so laterally, posterior part one-third narrower at

base than the apex, declivity subtruncate, sides of thorax not

serrulate, first abdominal segment subelongate, petiolate; tibice

with one or two submedian spines ..

e Thorax truncate and serrulate at apex, straight laterally from

one-third of the length and tridentate, attenuated from there to the

declivity in the shape of a broadly truncate cone, outer sides cari-

nate and serrulate to the very base, declivity abrupt..

? Thorax long, straight laterally, but with the posterior part

narrowed but also straight, abdomen oblong, first segment as wide

at apex as the base of the second, which is very slightly ampliate

inthe middle .. ..

? Thorax truncate at apex, parallel laterally for one-third of the

length, and with four short teeth, narrowed from there to the

declivity, which is very abrupt, sides serrulate, abdomen pyriform

b'. Bands triangular on the first and second segments,

¢ Thorax deeply incised laterally at about one-third of the

length, parallel from there to the perpendicular declivity, deeply

foveate with the intervals distinctly carinate from apex to base ;

head striolate, first basal segment entirely covered by a triangular

patch, that of the second segment produced triangularly towards

the median part which it does not reach

@ Thorax similar in shape to that of I. callirhoé, but not so

deeply foveate, and with the intervals also raised but not carinate

longitudinally, first basal segment with a narrow apical band ; head

with two distinct ocelli

¢ Thorax similar in shape to that of the two preceding species,

and similar in sculpture to that of MW. glawce; band on first

abdominal segment broadly triangular, that on the second segment

produced in a broad triangle, the point of which reaches the median

part ; head without ocelli..

a. The three first basal segments of abdomen banded, band on

third segment interrupted in the middle. (No female.)

C!.—ABDOMEN SESSILE IN BOTH SEXES.

Thorax incised laterally at a short distance from the apex, parallel

from there to the declivity which is perpendicular, deeply

foveate with the intervals carinate.

¢ Head not quite as broad as the thorax, dark with a small

ferruginous round patch on the vertex, pubescent band of abdomen

white

baucis.

latona.

aglaé.

ilythia.

callirhoé.

glauce.

electra.

callisto.

40 Annals of the South African Museum.

? Head broader than the thorax, red with the anterior part

black, abdominal bands bright orange ..

¢ Black, with the prothorax and “aneaounaiee cermin aad

i oe

tegule red; mesothorax with two conspicuous longitudinal grooves

¢ Head extremely large, mandibles very long, and with a long,

sharp, incurved tooth on the superior and inferior margin at about

the median part; thorax yery sharply angulate in the anterior part,

and bisinuate laterally, posterior angle also angular .. .. .. -helle.

¢ Head not so broad as thorax, transverse quadrate; body Pinel

with the exception of the metathorax, scutellum, and tegule, which

BEOMECs eis Puce oe

a5. The three first basal segments of abdomen banded, band of

the second abdominal segment emarginate in the anterior part, or

interrupted in the centre.

? Thorax broadest in the anterior part, incised at about one-

fourth of the length, subparallel from there to the posterior

declivity; abdominal bands yellow, apical band of the second

segment emarginate in the centre Sie) pion cise eis) | oie. Micvau, suave MOCNEIUECE:

@ Thorax very sloping diagonally on each side at apex, sub-

parallel laterally for two-thirds of the length, and amplated in the

posterior part for the remaining third; abdominal bands white, the

one on the second segment incised in the middle in the shape of

Cy Ngee essa an GO cad jog ~ 40-00. 66) soot “oo cm 06) og om JOOUINUCLIR

? Thorax truncate at apex, parallel or nearly so laterally for half

the length, gradually ampliated from there to the declivity which

is perpendicular, with the upper margin and the sides distinctly

denticulate; central part only of apex of first segment banded,

second segment with two nearly coalescent patches in the middle,

band on third segment non-interrupted SA ME pin aoe soa! CH

a+, Bands on the second and third segments interrupted in the

centre. (No female.)

a3. The four basal segments of abdomen with non-interrupted

bands.

¢ Thorax gradually narrowed from apex to base, very slightly

sinuate in the middle, truncate behind with the sides of the:

declivity not serrate; tibize non-spinose am do om 60 co Ga. WML

a?. The four intermediate abdominal segments with a non-inter-

rupted band, basal and apical ones without.

¢ Thorax gradually narrowed laterally from apex to base, where

it is less broad by one-fourth, a rounded projection a little before

the median part; abdomen pyriform; tibie without spines .. .. melete.

¢ Thorax subparallel, a little broader at base than at apex, not

emarginate laterally; abdomen pyriform; tibize spinose.. .. .. ariadna.

a. The five basal segments of abdomen with a non-interrupted

band.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 41

? Thorax with an ante-median, very distinct lateral blunt pro-

jection narrowed from there to the declivity, where it is only half

as wide as the apex, which is slightly sloping on each side with the

angle sharp, sides of the declivity serrulate; bands yellowish, the

one on the second segment dilated triangularly in the median part

A4.—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS BANDED, SECOND SEGMENT WITH A

MORE OR LESS OVATE SPOT.

a?. The three basal segments banded.

Thorax long, subparallel, slightly bisinuate laterally, a little

broader at base than at apex; abdomen subpedunculate, bands and

spot on the second segment orange-yellow, the spot elongate, median

and basal; tibize spinose

Thorax long, nearly straight laterally; abdcmen subsessile,

oblong, second segment not ampliate, spot ovate, situated near the

base, bands and spot white; tibiz without spines

Thorax gradually attenuate from apex to base; abdomen slightly

subpedunculate, spot on the second segment connected with the

band on the first segment; tibize spinose

Thorax gradually ampliated laterally to about the median part

and gradually narrowed from there to the declivity, which has a

conspicuous median tubercle on the upper margin, spot elongate,

apical, bands on the second and third segments twice interrupted..

Thorax parallel, spot subbasal, basal segment not banded; tibiz

SOUTER 66 va 60 oo ca Oo 0% oo ox

Thorax straight laterally but a little narrower at base than at

apex, first segment banded, spot elongato-ovate, nearly median ;

tibize not spinose ..

Thorax gradually ampliated laterally from apex to base, sightly

emarginate in the centre, spot central; tibiz not spinose..

Thorax parallel, second segment with an elongato-ovate median

patch and a lateral not dense patch on each side of it

a. Basal segment with a patch instead of a band, third segment

only with an uninterrupted band.

Thorax parallel, patch on the second segment round, median

A3.—ABDOMEN WITH TWO MEDIAN SPOTS ON SECOND SEGMENT.

a3, No band or spot on the first segment.

b?. Head not broader than the thorax.

ce’. Without antennal tubercles.

casstope.

onuphale.

thyone.

leda.

anid.

ceto.

wis.

melponene.

hecuba.

alcyone.

d?, Third abdominal segment banded, band not interrupted in the centre.

? Thorax long and slender, sloping on each side at apex, attenu-

ated laterally from apex to base, yellowish in the anterior part,

black in the posterior, the two spots on second segment set close to

one another, flavescent, band on third segment white

circe.

42 Annals of the South African Museum.

d°. Band interrupted in the centre.

¢ Thorax long and slender, a little attenuate at both ends,,

deeply incised laterally towards the median part, both ends of

incision tuberculate ee tte

$ Black; abdomen with a eee atte leona eels epemapted:: -themis.

in the middle on all segments but the first, the bands on second |

segment invading it all round, and leaving only one hexagonal, |

denuded, central patch

? Thorax long, sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally,

siriolates), 3) “se kl SS RS eee ae persepione:

Thorax short, truncate at apex, straight laterally, slightly tuber-

culate along the upper.edge of thedeclivity.. .. .. .. .. .. calypso.

ds. Third and fourth segments banded, bands interrupted in the middle.

Thorax long, sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally .. penelope.

d+, Two lateral patches on second, third, and fourth segments

Thorax ampliated laterally from apex to base and emarginate

laterally for half the length, a lateral patch on the third and fourth

segments disconnected from the outer margin .. .. .. .. .. thyas.

b*. Head broader than the thorax.

ct. With antennal tubercles.

d3. Bands not interrupted, third abdominal segment banded.

Head very large, thorax as broad at base as at apex but sinuate

Naiberalll ye sy eeres elles ssc gars neler tosp eeiey poet cots Roveup ero ecm tommnNe UO»

Third and fourth abdominal segments banded; head moderately

large, rounded behind; thorax with anterior angles projecting,

emarginate laterally but as broad at base as at apex .. .. -. -. acrisione.

ad. Third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments banded.

Head very large, base deeply emarginate ; thorax parallel, short.. obe.

Head very large, base not emarginate; thorax moderately long

with the anterior angles very sharp and projecting, median part

sinuate laterally... “oe, aoteebes Mp Ge) bbe <i ss | kets, UCLLOTICL

Head very large, base slightly emarginate; thorax aculeate

laterally in the anterior part, short, narrowly incised laterally in

theaniddle. +... cc ais | eC ace) ac as =< == spasumieae:

d'. All five posterior abdominal segments banded.

Head very large, truncate at base; thorax short, parallel, spots in

the second segment transverse and nearly contiguous in the centre perse.

a?. Basal segment of abdomen with a median apical spot, second

one with an apical spot, bands or spots on the other segments, no

antennal] tubercle.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 43

c3, Third abdominal segment banded.

b?. Head deeply scrobiculate, not broader than the thorax.

Thorax deeply incised laterally in the anterior part, nearly

straight from there to the base.

Thorax moderately short, deeply foveate, intervals of fovez raised,

sharp, upper margin of declivity not denticulate..

Thorax subelongate, intervals of fovez subcarinate longitudinally

in the median part, upper margin of declivity serrate

Thorax distinctly carinate longitudinally in the central part of

the disk, upper margin of the declivity conspicuously denticulate ..

b'. Head striolate, broader than the thorax, the latter distinctly

carinate longitudinally.

Thorax as broad as long, incised latterly in the anterior part, and

slightly ampliate from there to the base, where it is a

little broader than the anterior part.

Head not very much broader

Head broader than the thorax, the latter short, parallel

c?. The four intermediate segments with an apical, median patch.

Head as broad as thorax, the latter short, carinate longitudinally,

the carine a little wavy behind

ct. All abdominal segments banded, including the first.

Thorax parallel, first basal segment with a broad yellow band

interrupted in the middle, second joint with an elongate supra-

lateral patch reaching from the base to a little short of the apex,

and with a narrow flavescent, apical fringe, all the other segments

clothed with a flavescent pubescence

A’.—-ABDOMEN WITH AN APICAL AND TWO LATERAL OR MEDIAN

PATCHES ON THE SECOND SEGMENT.

Thorax elongate, attenuate laterally in the posterior part, and

having a distinct lateral ante-median tubercle; abdomen sub-

petiolate; second segment with two comma-shaped patches near

the base and two round, supra-apical ones, and one on each side

along the lateral margin, fourth and fifth segments with a median

patch ae

Thorax short, subparallel, second abdominal segment with a narrow

subapical flavescent patch and two supra-lateral ones in the middle,

third segment with a median patch, the other posterior segments

banded..

A'.— ABDOMEN SESSILE, BASAL SEGMENT WITH TWO LATERAL

PATCHES.

a?. Second segment with a patch on each side.

andromeda.

arsinoé.

hecate.

artemis.

parca.

agave.

cydippe.

terpsichore.

pandora.

44 Annals of the South African Musewn.

¢ Thorax nearly parallel, briefly incised and tridentate in the

middle ; first abdominal Se wei et slaw tibiee with one

row of spines Se? Mesa Sees Ne ee 2s es, COSUpONE:

? Thorax subparallel laterally, but a little narrowed from the

median part to the declivity, serrulate and not incised; band on

second segment. narrowly interrupted in the centre; tibie with a

double row of spines . Cn CILLOTLE.

? Thorax subparallel laterally for three-fourths of the length,

and with a conspicuous ante-median tooth, a little narrowed

towards the base, and with the lateral angles produced in a long,

sharp;.conical tooth: “..° 2 2) 2a) ea ae Cee Ee tt CLOLILO®

a‘. Second and third segments with a lateral patch.

? Thorax subparallel and slightly incised and serrate laterally ;

band on the second segment reduced to two apical patches on each

Bide of the median parh: %. 92. webs ees. nc) = | eep) nee MCQOENA.

(MALES.)

FIRST DIVISION.

BASAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT LONG OR VERY LONG, NODOSE AT

APEX.

A3.—DORSAL PART OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS HAVING APICAL

BANDS OF WHITE OR ORANGE HAIRS, BUT NO MEDIAN

PATCH ON THE SECOND SEGMENT.

a3, First abdominal segment long, petiolate.

63. First segment banded, bands not interrupted.

Prothorax and mesothorax red; metathorax black, subquadrate ;

second abdominal segment with two diverging carine .. .. .. mmemosides.

b?. Two basal segments banded.

bt. The three basal segments banded.

Prothorax, dorsal part of mesothorax and scutellum red; basal

segment of abdomen very broadly petiolate.. .. .. .. «. «. maja.

First abdominal segment very long and slender in the male, mode-

rately long in the female.

Thorax entirely red, with the pectus black; tibize with a double

Tow of slendér spines: Mee mery Mose enise Welt | jes piss wate te goles

Thorax black with the dorsal part and sides of the prothorax,

the dorsal part of the mesothorax and the scutellum red; tibie

WithOUt spines qk. Gr weeee eas see) aa! cs - sh, we pe eeeDeUUnGr

Thorax black with the dorsal part of the mesothorax and the

scutellum red.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 45

Eyes large, projecting, cheeks straight, aculeate at tip, space

between the eye and the basal angle very short; tibiw spinose ..

Eyes not projecting, head elongate behind the eyes; tibiw not

GON on of Bo o8 oo OO 00 :

Thorax entirely red; tibie with a double row of long spines,

basal joint of the hind tarsi dilated, compressed, and diagonally

truncate at tip .. .. .. re

Thorax black, mesothorax and scutellum very dark ferruginous,

thorax diagonal and aculeate laterally, abdominal bands flavescent;

tibize without spines .. 50

Head and thorax black; abdomen very dark cyaneous, almost

black, second abdominal segment with a ventral, median raised

line 36 On 2.0

First abdominal segment very long in the male, subsessile in the

female.

$ Black, with the dorsal and lateral part of the prothorax and

mesothorax and the scutellum red; thorax sloping and aculeate ;

bUbIES) WwathOmb: SPINES. usu ssh be el ee

A?.—DoRSAL PART OF THE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH MEDIAN

APICAL PATCHES AND BAND. (No males.)

A’!.—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITHOUT WHITE BAND OR SPOT.

$ Light brick-red; abdomen fuscous with the exception of the

first segment which is long and petiolate; eyes very large

¢ Totally pale flavescent, second, third, and sometimes fourth

segments of abdomen with a fuscous narrow margin, first joint very

ora¥es GIS SI MEHERDS Bo" oa a0 Go ou oo

ee oe

SECOND DIVISION.

BasAL ABDOMINAL SEGMENT SUBELONGATE, SUBPETIOLATE, OR SUB-

SESSILE IN THE MALE,

A°®.—No BAND OR SPOT ON THE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS.

Head and thorax bluish black, abdomen cyaneous, tegule dark

ferruginous, metathorax with a short, moderately broad, sinuate

AROOE watila weNseel Cele} G5 Go oo 68 00 oc Oo boo) oGN US

Similar in shape, size, and colour, but the mesothorax, scutellum,

and tegule are dark red ..

The second basal segment only with an uninterrupted band.

alcithoé.

egeria.

procne.

athis.

deiopeia,

capensis.

semele.

thisbe.

amalthea.

gorge.

46 Annals of the South African Museum.

A5.--ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS WITH BANDS BUT NO SPOT.

a°, The third abdominal segment with an uninterrupted band.

¢ Black, clothed with a dense, dark pubescence, flavescent on

the head and prothorax, scutellum produced behind in a horizontal,

dentiform process on each side, apical part of the first segment and

the whole of the third clothed with a white silky band; ventral

part of second segment with three carinte

Basal segment without any band.

g Black, first and second segments of abdomen red, edged with

a narrow apical black border, third segment with a white band;

ventral carina of first segment produced in a vertical spine at apex ;

prothorax clothed with a white pubescence, metathorax not

pubescent ..

Prothorax not clothed with a white pubescence, metathorax

densely pubescent at base ..

Prothorax with a white pubescence, ventral carina not spinose,

the two basal segments with an uninterrupted band ..

¢ Black, with the mesothorax and scutellum brick-red, apical

band of the second segment very narrow

as. The three basal segments with an uninterrupted band.

é¢ Black, with the metathorax red, prothorax with a dense

greyish band, ventral part of the abdominal segment with a sharp,

median ridge reaching from the base to the median part; eyes not

emarginate

Totally black, eyes deeply emarginate, joints of antenne thick,

SUI AAIENT NO Go GG Go 00 Go. a6) on oo do oc

ct. Band on the second and third segments interrupted in the

middle.

Black, tegulee red, bands orange-yellow

A‘4,—ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS BANDED, SECOND SEGMENT WITH A

MORE OR LESS OVATE SPOT.

a. The three basal segments banded.

Black, with a white band on the prothorax, the ovate spot on the

second segment broad, median and basal

3,—ABDOMEN WITH TWO MEDIAN SPOTS ON SECOND SEGMENT.

d?, Third abdominal segment banded.

e?. Band not interrupted.

acidalia.

cloantha.

tyro.

speculatriz.

hernvione.

appias.

cinchreis.

hippolythe.

nyctimene.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 47

Black, with red thorax; no wings, head very large, tegule quite

rudimentary, no trace of ocelli sie cii aisle eiaret Ueto Mystic isi | O7OSEN DULG,

A?.—ABDOMEN WITH AN APICAL AND TWO LATERAL OR MEDIAN

PATCHES ON THE SECOND SEGMENT. (No males.)

A't.—ABDOMEN SESSILE, BASAL SEGMENT WITH TWO LATERAL

PATCHES.

b. Second and third segment with a lateral patch.

Black; prothorax and mesothorax and scutellum red, posterior

angles of thorax very sharp and projecting, first, third and fourth

abdominal segments with a lateral white patch on each side .. .. erinunys.

FIRST DIVISION.

(FEMALES AND MALES.)

MutTILLA CAPICOLA.

Female.—Head, antennex, abdomen, legs, and tarsi black, thorax

dark ferruginous red; head slightly attenuate laterally, but with the

sides straight and the posterior angles well defined, broader than

long, and as broad as the base of the prothorax, posterior margin

straight, very closely and deeply scrobiculate, pilose in front and

underneath, pubescent only in the posterior part; eyes subovate,

large, prominent ; prothorax straight at base, gradually ampliated

and rounded from the basal outer angle to about the median part,

which is about one-fifth broader than the base, narrowed diagonally

from there to the moderately abrupt apical dehiscence, where it is

only one-half as broad as the apex, deeply and closely foveate, set

with long, black bristles, convex and haying three lateral sub-

median tubercles, the posterior one of which is a little sharp

and situated at about the median part, the other two are elongate

and hardly prominent; abdomen covered with long, black hairs,

turning to greyish underneath, first segment moderately long,

strongly petiolate, spinose laterally at base, scrobiculate and with a

moderately broad apical silky white band, second segment globose

and covered with deep, sub-elongate fovee, the intervals of which

are raised, sharp, and form longitudinal sub-undulating lines, apical

margin with a narrow band of white hairs all round, apex of the

third and fourth segments fringed underneath with a short, greyish

pubescence ; abdominal carina of the first segment aculeate at base ;

48 Annals of the South African Museum.

intermediate and posterior tibize with only one median spine on each

side of the outer groove. Length 7-104 mm.

Male.—Similar to the female in sculpture and colour, except that

the metathorax is black, and is also more broadly foveate than in the

anterior part; the shape and size of the abdomen and head are

similar, the carina of the first abdominal segment identical; the

eyes are not emarginate and the intermediate and posterior legs are

not spinose outwardly; wings hyaline at base, infuscate in the

median part, and fuscous at tip. Length 9-10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA BEROE.

Female.—Black, set with long, moderately dense hairs, black on

the upper part, greyish white underneath, whole thorax ferruginous

red; head sub-quadrate behind and a little attenuate in front of the

eyes, one-fourth less broad than the apex of the thorax, closely

scrobiculate, eyes ovate, prominent; thorax slightly rounded in the

anterior margin, with the outer sides ampliated sub-diagonally as far

as the median part, which has a somewhat sharp but not much

developed tubercle and diagonally narrowed from there towards the

apex, which is truncate and narrower than the base by one-third

and than the median part by one-half of the width ; it is closely and

equally scrobiculate all over, the median tubercle is preceded by two

blunt, elongated ones, and the sides of the hind part are sub-serrate ;

first abdominal segment aculeate laterally, moderately long, petiolate,

the petiole long, one-fourth the width of the second segment, covered

alike with very much elongated, narrow and shallow fovez with

the intervals smooth, narrow and sharp, apical part with a broad

silky white band covering a third of the petiole, second segment with

a narrow band of similar texture produced in a triangle in the centre,

outer side of the third segment with a short white patch, continued

in the under part in a band, as is also the one on the second seg-

ment; intermediate and posterior tibize with two single spines

outwardly ; abdominal carina produced in a sharp tooth at the apex.

Length 15 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury).

MUTILLA SYRINX.

Female.—Slender, totally black, clothed with a brief, faintly

white pubescence, hairs moderately dense, black; head broader

somewhat than the apical part of the thorax, shagreened all

over, eyes large, very convex, posterior part of the head

a little narrowed laterally behind the eyes, posterior angles

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 49

not much rounded; thorax long. slender, hexagonal, very much

attenuate in the posterior part, not tuberculate in the median part

laterally, declivous behind and covered with closely set, rough

but small punctures; abdomen petiolate, the node of the first

segment roughly shagreened and having an apical, silky white

patch, second segment elongato-ovate, covered with closely set,

deep, non-confluent punctures and having at apex a narrow band

of white ; ventral carina emarginate in the centre and acute at both

ends; intermediate segments not fringed with greyish or whitish

hairs underneath ; tibize with one submedian spine. Length 10 mm.

As slender as WM. ewrydice, and not unlike in general facies, but

the colour is very different, and there are no ventral carinz on the

second segment.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt).

MutTILLA GALANTHIS.

Female.—Head, antenne, thorax, tibie, and tarsi dark ferruginous

red; head slightly attenuate laterally behind the eyes, but with the

sides straight and the posterior margin slightly sinuate, as broad as

the base of the prothorax, very rugose and briefly pilose, eyes sub-

ovate, prominent; prothorax nearly straight at base, slightly ampli-

ated laterally from the apical angle to one-third of the length, and

slightly narrowed from there to the posterior declivity which is very

abrupt, hardly convex, deeply scrobiculate with the intervals of the

metathorax tuberculiform, outer sides angular at about the third part

of the length ; abdomen covered with long, greyish hairs, first seg-

ment moderately long, strongly petiolate, briefly spinose laterally at

base, rugose and with a moderately broad, apical, silky white patch,

second segment ovate, covered with shallow, narrow, elongated

punctures with the intervals slightly raised, apical margin with a

narrow white band, third segment almost entirely covered by a

similar white band; outer groove of the intermediate and posterior

legs with a double row of spines; abdominal carina of first segment

dentate at tip.

Allied to the preceding species owing to the shape of the

abdomen, the first segment of which is very distinctly petiolate ;

the shape of the prothorax is different, and the third segment of the

abdomen has a white, very short lateral band, wanting in JV.

capicola; the intermediate and posterior legs have a double series of

spines, instead of a solitary one. Length 5 mm.

Male.—Similar in shape and sculpture to the female; the colour

of the thorax is brighter red, and the base of the first abdominal seg-

ment is also red; but the metathorax is not tuberculate even

50 Annals of the South African Museum.

laterally ; the mesothorax has apparently no longitudinal groove ;

wings subhyaline at base, infuscate at tip; eyes not emarginate ;

intermediate and posterior tibiae without spines.

Closely allied to the male of M. capicola, but the head, which is

nearly as long as broad, instead of being broader than long has the

posterior angles rounded ; the whole of the upper part of the thorax

is bright red instead of the metathorax being black, and the punc-

tures on the abdomen are in both sexes shallower and narrower, and

the intervals only very slightly raised. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Port Elizabeth).

MutTILLA EURYDICE.

Female.—Slender, head and thorax black, the latter with a

hexagonal reddish patch on the dorsal part covering two-thirds of

the disk, basal part of the first and third segments and nearly the

whole of the second one bright red, shining; legs and antennx

piceous ; head very declivous in the anterior part, eyes long, very

convex, posterior angles rounded; it is slightly broader than the

apical part of the thorax, clothed, as is also the thorax, with a

greyish decumbent pubescence and a few hairs, and covered with

closely set, moderately deep punctures; thorax long, gradually dilated

laterally from the anterior angle to about one-third of the length,

where it is bituberculated, and gradually narrowed from there to the

declivity, where it is only one-fourth of the width of the median

part, deeply scrobiculate, declivity sloping and also scrobiculate, but

less broadly; abdomen petiolate, first segment deeply pitted and

with a central elongate silky white patch on the node, second seg-

ment long, oblong, very little pubescent, shining, red, narrowly

edged with black at apex, and with a small, median ovate, apical

white patch, third segment with a broad white band; ventral carina

long, dentiform at base, second segment with a median ridge dentiform

at tip and reaching to about one-third of the length and a longer but

equally sharp carina on each side; legs slender, nearly glabrous,

tibize without spines, femora very long. Length 103-123 mm.

Hab. Damaraland (Walfish Bay).

MuvTILLA DANAE.

Female.—Head and thorax very dark ferruginous ; dorsal part of

thorax ferruginous red; abdomen red, with the apical part of the

second one and the four following black; antenne sub-rufescent,

legs piceous red, basal joint of fore tarsi with three long, outward

spines, second one with one; head elongato-quadrate with eyes

large and protruding, space between the eye and the basal part

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 51

short, outer angle rounded; it is thickly clothed with a greyish

pubescence ; thorax long, truncate at apex, diagonal laterally from

the outer angle to a short distance from the middle, the

ampliation ending in a blunt tubercle, gradually narrowed from

there to the declivity, where it is one-fourth narrower than at the

tip, the outer margins are subcarinate, and the disk deeply foveolate ;

abdomen elongato-ovate, petiolate, first segment with a by no means

dense apical fringe of slightly flavescent hairs, the second segment

is covered with broad fovew, the fourth and fifth segments are

clothed with a flavescent band; the ventral carina of the first seg-

ment is emarginate in the middle and dentate at apex, second joint

with a short, basal median carina; tibiz spinose. Length 84 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand).

In colour this species approximates M. imitatriz, Sm., but is at

once distinguished by the shape of the thorax, which is straight

laterally, deeply emarginate in the middle, and equally broad at base

and apex in M. imitatrix; in M. danaé the second segment is

foveate, instead of being very closely punctured.

MUTILLA POLYXENE.

Female.—Head black; thorax, abdomen, legs and the six basal

joints of antenne light testaceous, it is entirely clothed with a silky

decumbent golden pubescence, and with a few scattered pallid hairs;

head twice as wide as long on the vertex, eyes very long, reaching

from near the vertex to the point of insertion of the antenne,

oblongo-ovate and convex, a little wider than the thorax, which is

subparallel, slightly emarginate laterally for about one-third of the

length, with the anterior and posterior part of equal width, carinate

and serrulate, posterior declivity not abrupt and with a small, sharp

tooth in the centre of the upper part ; abdomen pyriform, segments

aciculate, pubescent, the pubescence thicker on the apical margin of

all the segments, pygidium black; tibiz without spines. Length

34 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hopetown).

Judging from the size of the eyes and also the colour this species

is probably nocturnal, and might prove to be the female of M. semele

or M. thisbe.

MUTILLA ERIGONE.

Female.—Black, with the thorax red and the antennz and legs

fuscous red, the abdominal bands white ; head a little broader than

the apex of the thorax, eyes very large, occupying nearly the whole

of the sides, the three ocelli very distinct ; it is clothed with a dense

52 Annals of the South African Museum.

flavescent pubescence and hairs; thorax truncate at apex, deeply

constricted laterally at about the median part, the posterior part

produced laterally in a broad triangle, and one-third broader than

the apex, the three dorsal sutures usually separating the prothorax

and mesothorax and the scutellum are very well defined, and the

part that would correspond to the scutellum bears a recurved spine,

the posterior declivity is perpendicular and has a median longi-

tudinal raised line, the disk is rugose and moderately pubescent ;

abdomen elongato-ovate, first segment closely punctulate, nearly

sessile, sharply dentate on each side of the base, which is reddish,

as broad at apex as the base of the second one, and with a fringe of

not very dense, whitish hairs, apical part of the second segment

with a narrow pubescent band, fifth and sixth segments with a

white erect pubescence ; tibize without spines. Length 44 mm.

At first I thought that the only example I got was a wingless

male, but I think it is a female with strong male characters. I have

not material enough to elucidate that point to my satisfaction. It

will be perhaps necessary to create a genus for it.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth); presented by Dr. H.

Brauns.

MUuTILLA EVADNE.

Female.—Head and abdomen black, thorax red, antennez and

legs rufescent ; head as broad as the base of the thorax, a little

attenuate diagonally behind the eyes, base straight, roughly

shagreened and thickly covered with a greyish pubescence ; thorax

subparallel, truncate at base, with the outer angle tuberculiform and

the sides carinate and with four sharp teeth, the fourth one situated

at the top of the declivity, which is very abrupt, the upper part is

scrobiculate, slightly setulose, and very briefly pubescent ; abdomen

subsessile, ovoid, second segment very closely punctured, the punc-

tures finer in the centre than at the base and on the sides and

having a narrow, apical, silky white band, fourth and fifth segments

covered with long, greyish white hairs; tibiaee without spines.

Length 44 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Port Elizabeth).

MvtTILLA ALTHAA.

Fenale.—Head, antenne, and legs brownish red, thorax ferrugi-

nous red, abdomen black; head very little broader than the thorax,

slightly attenuate behind the eyes, which are elongato-ovate, nearly

truncate at base, striolate, and having on the vertex a long, median,

smooth raised line; thorax truncate at apex and at the posterior

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 53:

declivity, parallel, carinate laterally, and having on each side five or

six sharp tubercles, bearing each a small fascicle of hairs, it is hardly

convex, covered with irregular, wavy raised lines, the declivity is

perpendicular, serrulate laterally, and has on the upper part a lateral

sharp spine and also a median one, the latter a little less developed

than the lateral one; abdomen sub-sessile, ovate, first segment

short, fringed with a narrow, silky white band, second segment very

finely and densely aciculate, and having also a narrow apical fringe

of white hairs, third segment entirely clothed with a white band ;

tibia with a double row of three spines; ventral carina of the first

joint subaculeate at both ends. Length 5-64 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MutTI“LA ALCIS.

Female.—Head piceous black, antenne and legs reddish brown,

thorax dark ferruginous, abdomen black; head slightly broader than

the thorax at its widest part, slightly attenuate diagonally from

behind the eyes to the basal angle, which is somewhat rounded,

covered with deep but not closely set punctures, hardly pubescent

and not very bristly; thorax sloping very diagonally at apex, the

angle sharp and projecting a little, shghtly ampliate from there to

about one-fourth of the length, and produced from there in the

shape of a truncate pyramid to the top of the declivity, which is

sloping and hardly serrulate, the sides are slightly tri-dentate in

the anterior part and not very distinctly serrulate from there to the

top of the declivity ; abdomen ovate, subsessile, second segment

covered with closely set, elongated punctures, the white posterior

margin slightly broader than the one on the third segment; ventral

carina of the first segment truncate at tip; tibize spinose. Length

Oo mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MuvtTI“LLA BAUCIS.

Female.—Head, antennez, legs, sternum, and abdomen black ;

head as broad as the apex of the thorax, nearly twice as broad

as long on the vertex, not much produced behind the eyes

which are large, outer angles of base slightly rounded, deeply and

closely scrobiculate, pilose, but hardly pubescent; thorax truncate

at apex, outer sides sub-carinate, slightly ampliate diagonally from

the outer angle to the median part, which is aculeate, and gradually

narrowed from there to the top of the declivity, which is sub-trun-

cate, and where it is one-third narrower than at apex, the anterior

part has a very faint incision between the apical angle and the

o4 Annals of the South African Museum.

median part, and the lateral ridges as well as the sides and upper

margin of the declivity not serrulate ; it is covered with deep, closely

set, and broad round punctures, and clothed with a long black

villosity ; first abdominal segment moderately long, distinctly

petiolate, very rugose, the apical band moderately broad, second

segment covered with very long punctures, closely set, deep, and

with the intervals raised and sub-undulate, band on the third seg-

ment a little narrower than that on the second, fourth segment with

a small indistinct lateral patch ; the pubescent bands are yellowish

instead of white ; the tibia have one sub-median spine, the tarsi are

slightly rufescent ; ventral carina of first segment sharp, truncate at

base. Length 84-9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch, Prince Albert).

MutTILLA LATONA.

Female.—Head piceous black, with an oblong dark ferruginous

red patch in the posterior part, and a smaller and elongato-quad-

rate one in front of the eyes, antenne, tibiz, and tarsi rufescent,

femora piceous red, abdomen black, clothed with long, greyish

villous hairs; head a little broader than the thorax, sub-quadrate,

with the posterior angles slightly rounded, covered with deep, elon-

gate, closely set punctures, the intervals of which are sub-striolate

between the eyes, hardly pubescent, and not thickly pilose; thorax

truncate in front, with the anterior margin hardly sinuate but

carinate and distinctly serrulate, outer sides nearly straight for one-

third of the length and with a not very deep incision, which, owing

to the anterior angle being sharp, gives it the appearance of being

tridentate, narrowed from there in the shape of a broadly truncate

cone as far as the posterior declivity, which is moderately abrupt,

the outer margins are distinctly serrate, and the whole of the upper

part is covered with distinct, closely set fovee ; first jot of abdomen

moderately long, red, and dentate laterally at base, very roughly

shagreened, the apical band moderately broad and sub-cuneiform in

the middle, punctures of the second segment long, narrow, and with

the intervals smooth and sub-carinate, the band moderately narrow,

the band on the third segment is of the same width, and occasionally

rubbed off in the centre, the fourth and fifth segments have also a

lateral whitish elongate patch ; ventral carina of first segment sharp,

truncate at apex and slightly sinuate in the middle; tibie with a

double series of spines. Length 8-104 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Uiten-

hage), Transvaal (Klerksdorp).

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 59

MuTILLA AGLAE.

Female.—Black, with the thorax red, or occasionally black and

piceous red in the middle of the dorsal part; legs piceous black,

abdominal bands sub-flavescent; head broader than the thorax at

apex, straight laterally and not rounder in the posterior angle,

roughly shagreened, densely pubescent and pilose, eyes set forward ;

thorax long, nearly straight at apex, narrowed gradually from the

anterior angle to the perpendicular declivity, where it is narrower

by one-third than at apex, deeply emarginate laterally past the median

part, roughly punctured, with the intervals raised and irregularly

longitudinal; it is densely pubescent and the hairs long and greyish;

abdomen oblong, first joint sharply dentate at base, and nearly as

broad at apex as the second joint in the middle, roughly punctured

and having a moderately broad apical band, second joint very little

ampliate in the middle, covered with deep, elongated, closely set

punctures and fringed at apex with a narrow pubescent band, third

segment clothed with a similar but broader band, apical joint also

pubescent ; ventral carina of first segment very small; tarsi with a

double series of short spines. Length 6-64 mm.

Male.—Black, with the prothorax and mesothorax and the tegule

reddish. Head twice as broad as long, closely punctured, pubescent ;

mesothorax with two median grooves reaching very short of the

anterior suture, scutellum not much raised, metathorax rounded

laterally behind and having a broad median groove with edges

raised and smooth; abdomen similar to that of the female, but

with the second joint more ampliated, a little less coarsely punc-

tured, and with the band on the third joint much narrower; ventral

carina of first segment dentate at base; tibia non-spinose; wings

hyaline, sub-infuscate at tip. Length 52 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

Bred by Dr. H. Brauns from the nest of an undetermined species

of Ceratina.

MutTILLA ILYTHIA.

Female.—Head, sternum, the basal joints of antenne, and the

abdomen black, the dorsal part of the thorax red, antenne, tibie,

and tarsi rufescent, femora piceous red; villous hairs greyish and

moderately dense; head deeply and closely punctured, the punctures

broad and the intervals striolate in the middle, transverse, not much

rounded in the posterior angles, and if anything slightly broader

than the thorax at its widest part; thorax truncate in the anterior

part, which is carinate, nearly straight laterally for one-third of the

56 Annals of the South African Museum.

length and there feebly quadri-dentate, slightly serrulate from there

to the apex, posterior declivity abrupt, not marginate at tip, upper

part foveate, intervals of foveee not carinate; abdomen pyriform,

apical band of first segment subaculeate in the centre, but not

reaching quite the sides, second and third bands very well defined,

fourth and fifth segments with a small lateral patch, second abdo-

minal segment punctured in the centre and feebly striolate laterally

and basally in the dorsal part; tibiae with a double series of spines.

Length 74 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MuTILLA CALLIRHOE.

Female.—Head black in the anterior part, posterior part dark

ferruginous, upper part of thorax ferruginous red, sides and ster-

num black, abdomen black, tibie and tarsi ferruginous, femora

piceous black, clothed with moderately dense black or slightly

greyish hairs; head a little narrower than the thorax, with the sides

behind the eyes straight and slightly rounded in the posterior angle,

deeply and broadly foveate with the intervals very distinctly carinate ;

thorax broadest in the anterior part for about one-third of the length,

where it is deeply incised laterally, and quite parallel from there to

the declivity, which is quite perpendicular, the apical margin is

truncate, the lateral ones carinate, and the dorsal part covered with

broad and deep fovee so arranged that the intervals form longitudinal

carine hardly wavy and reaching from the apex to the top of the

declivity, the lateral margins are hardly serrulate; the first and

second abdominal segments are covered with narrow, elongate punc-

tures, with the intervals raised and subcarinate in the latter; the

whole of the first segment is clothed with a bright orange silky

pubescence produced in a triangle the point of which overlaps the

basal part of the second segment, the apical band of which is also

produced triangularly towards the dorsal median part, without, how-

ever, reaching it ; the third segment is entirely clothed with a band

of the same colour, and the following segments have no trace of any

such orange pubescence on the dorsal surface, but the second, third,

fourth, and fifth have a distinct, uninterrupted ventral band ; tibiz

with a double series of spines; ventral carina of first segment

short, sharp, and truncate at both ends. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Calvinia).

MutTILLA GLAUCE.

Female.—Closely allied to M. callirhoé ; the shape of the head

and thorax is similar, but owing to the intervals between the fovee

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 57

being less raised and narrower, and also more wavy and not at all

longitudinal, both seem to be less deeply and more narrowly foveate ;

the head has two distinct ocelli; the shape of the abdomen is similar,

and so is the disposition of the silky bands, but the one on the first

segment is reduced to a narrower apical fringe; tibiz: with a double

row of spines; ventral carina as in the preceding species.

But for the presence of ocelli and the narrow band on the first

abdominal segment, it would be difficult to distinguish from J/.

electra. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon, Port Elizabeth).

MuTILLA ELECTRA.

Female.—Anterior part of head as far as the eyes, sternum,

abdomen, antennz, and legs black, posterior part of the head,

dorsal part of thorax and sides red; head and thorax similar in

shape and sculpture to those of M. glauce, but the former has no

trace of ocelli; the shape and clothing of abdomen is similar, except

that the whole of the first segment is clothed with a dense orange

yellow pubescence, and that the band on the second segment is pro-

duced towards the median part of the dorsal part, which it reaches ;

tibiz with a double series of spines; ventral carina of the first seg-

ment truncate at both ends, and a little emarginate in the centre.

Length 114-12 mm.

Hab. Damaraland (Goagas).

MUvtTILLA CALLISTO.

Female.—Head subquadrate, subelongate behind the eyes, slightly

rounded laterally and also slightly in the posterior angles, not quite

as broad as the thorax, deeply and irregularly foveate, with the

intervals sharp and subcarinate in the central part, piceous black

with a posterior dark ferruginous red patch, the villous hairs long,

nearly black; antenne and legs black; thorax not quite straight

transversely at apex, not quite parallel laterally from the apical

angle to about one-fourth of the length, suddenly narrowed there

and almost parallel as far as the posterior declivity, but with two

faint sinuations hardly acute at angles, the outer margins are not

serrulate, but it is covered with deep, broad fovex with sharply

raised intervals, the villous hairs are dense and black; abdomen

subsessile, first segment with a distinct lateral basal spine, roughly

shagreened, band narrow and slightly yellow, second segment

covered with long, deep punctures with narrow, sublinear, raised

intervals, apical band narrow and aculate in the middle for a short

58 Annals of the South African Musewm.

distance, the band on the third segment is a little wider than the

one preceding, and interrupted in the middle for about one-third

of the distance from side to side, the other joints are without any

trace of lateral yellowish white pubescence; tibie with a double

series of spines ; ventral carina of first abdominal segment short, not

prominent, sub-truncate at base. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

MuTILLA TECMESSA.

Female.—Nearly similar in shape and structure to M. callisto,

but the head is broader than the base of the thorax ; upper part of

the head and thorax bright red instead of black ferruginous

red, the fovex, however, are a little broader, the abdominal bands

are bright orange, and the one on the second segment a little

broader and more triangular in the middle. Length 11-13} mm.

Male.—Head quadrate, with the posterior angles sharp, twice as

wide as long on the vertex, shagreened, pubescent, black; eyes

slightly emarginate; thorax black, with the prothorax and mesothorax

and also the scutellum red, tegule red, upper part very rough and

with two very distinct longitudinal median grooves; metathorax a

little attenuate and rounded laterally behind; abdomen subsessile,

black with a faint, dark cyaneous tinge, closely but not deeply

punctured on the dorsal part, bands of the same colour as those of

the female, and similarly disposed; ventral carina of first joint

sharp and sloping at both ends; tibia non-spinose; wings sub-

hyaline at base, slightly infuscate from there to the apex, anterior

margin of fore wings more deeply infuscate at equal distances from

base and apex. Length 114 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam), both sexes; Port Elizabeth,

male and female.

Although not actually captured i coiti, I think there is little

doubt that the two sexes here described are the same species.

MutTILLA HELLE.

Female.—Discoidal part of the head and upper part of thorax ferru-

ginous red; antennz, legs, and abdomen black; head very broad,

nearly as wideas the second abdominal segment at its widest, ampliated

behind the eyes, which are small and ovate, closely but not deeply

punctured, hairs moderately dense and black, mandibles long, falci-

form, widely bifid at tip and with a sharp, erect process on the upper

margin ; thorax truncate at apex and with the apical angles very short,

narrowed diagonally laterally from the anterior angle to one-fourth

of the length, bisinuate from there to the posterior angle, the median

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 59

interval between the sinuations serrulate, the posterior part with

three distinct teeth, sides of the declivity which is quite perpendicular,

also serrate, upper part deeply and closely foveolate ; abdomen sessile,

posterior part of first segment transverse, sides straight, segments

rugulose, densely hairy and pubescent; the yellowish bands on the

first and second segments are narrow, and that on the third segment

broader by one-half; tibia with a double row of spines; ventral

carina of the first segment short, but projecting and truncate at tip,

second segment broadly scooped from side to side and with a short,

median longitudinal ridge in the apical part. Length 164-17 mm.

Male.—Black, with the mesothorax and scutellum red, tegule red ;

abdomen with a cyaneous tinge; head twice as broad as long on the

vertex, eyes slightly emarginate; mesothorax with two indistinct

longitudinal grooves, metathorax quadrangular; abdomen sessile,

finely punctured, bands as in the female; tibiz spinose; ventral

carina of first segment produced in a long, bifid process, second

segment scooped and with a sharp median tooth at the apical margin;

wings hyaline at base, fuscous brown at apex, anterior margin of

fore wings deeper brown at about the median part. Length 14 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Division, Port Elizabeth).

I found one male and two females drowned in a pool of water on

the floor of a dried watercourse.

MuTILLA BERENICE.

Female.—Head, antenne, abdomen, and legs black ; body covered

with very long greyish hairs; abdominal bands yellow ; head scro-

biculate and striolate in the middle, clothed with a very brief, silky

flavescent patch, not quite as broad as the thorax at apex and

with the posterior angles much rounded; thorax truncate in front,

quadrate in the anterior part for about one-fourth of the length,

slightly sinuate but subparallel from there to the posterior declivity

which is quite perpendicular, dorsal part deeply foveate with the

foveze broad and the intervals sub-carinate, lateral margins hardly

serrulate except in the posterior declivity where it is more noticeable ;

abdomen sub-sessile, ovate, first segment with a lateral spine on each

side, roughly punctured, the yellow silky band broad and triangular,

second segment covered with very long, narrow punctures with sub-

carinate intervals, the apical band narrow but reduced to a mere line

in the central part, band on the third joint narrow but of the same

width throughout, the other three apical joints with a lateral white

pubescence ; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length 10-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Beaufort West).

60 Annals of the South African Museunv.

MUTILLA PURPURATA, Smith,

New Species of Hymenoptera, p. 190.

Female.—Head black, with a transverse ferruginous patch extend-

ing along the base and cheeks, thorax red, abdomen black, legs

black or piceous, antenne black, with the scape rufescent; head

very closely punctured, sub-striolate on the vertex, a little broader

than the apex of the thorax and equal in width to the basal part,

vertical part short behind the eyes, posterior outer angles slightly

rounded; thorax produced diagonally backward at apex, sinuate

laterally from a short distance of the anterior angle to about two-

thirds of the length, and with the apical part of the sinuation sharp,

sub-dentate, broadening gradually from the end of the lateral sinua-

tion to the apical declivity, where it is about one-fourth broader than

at apex, and rounded at the declivity, which is quite perpendicular ;

it is covered with closely set, not very deep fovew, the intervals of

which are raised in the posterior part and on the declivity in the

shape of very small tubercles; hairs on head and thorax short,

blackish ; abdomen sub-sessile, first joint with a lateral spine at base,

clothed with long dense greyish white hairs ; apical band silky white,

narrow, second segment covered with short and smooth closely set,

raised lines, apical band not broad, and interrupted in the centre in

the shape of a V, band on the third segment entire and slightly

wider than the preceding one, sixth joint clothed with white

pubescent hairs; tibia with a double row of spines; ventral

carina of first segment truncate at apex and incised in the centre.

Length 74-10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Port Elizabeth),

Natal (teste Smith).

Captured i copula by Dr. Brauns.

MuUTILLA ANTIOPE.

Female.—Head, antennex, thorax, first abdominal joint, and legs

ferruginous red, dorsal part of abdomen deeply infuscate, abdominal

part rufescent; head and thorax finely shagreened, very briefly

pubescent and hardly pilose, the first-named part quadrate, much

produced behind the eyes, very little rounded laterally in the posterior

part, broader than the apical part of the thorax but equal in width to

the base; thorax truncate at base, parallel laterally for one-half of the

length, gradually ampliated from there to the angle of the posterior

declivity, where it is broader than the apex by nearly one-fourth,

declivity perpendicular with the upper margin distinctly denticulate,

and the sides serrulate, lateral margins of thorax a little indented at

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 61

about one-third of the length and a little past the median part ;

abdomen sessile, very ovate, basal joint spinose laterally at base,

finely aciculate like the other segments, and having a median whitish

yellow patch extending on about one-half of the width, second seg-

ment also with a central patch incised in the middle in a V shape,

band on the third segment narrow, non-interrupted ; ventral carina

of first segment short, deeply incised in the centre, and sharp at both

ends ; tibiae with a single row of spines. Length 7-8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cradock, Hopetown), Bechuanaland

(Moroquen).

MUTILLA TAYGETE.

Female.—Head and abdomen black ; thorax, tibize, and tarsi brick-

red ; femora piceous black; head nearly quadrate, but with the basal

part slightly rounded laterally, briefly pubescent, rugose, and as

broad as the thorax ; thorax with the apical part slightly sloping,

cradually but very little narrowed laterally as far as the posterior

declivity and slightly emarginate towards the median part, each end

of the emargination hardly tuberculate ; it is not more than one-fifth

narrower at the declivity than at the apex, which is the widest part,

and the declivity is not very abrupt and the sides are not serrulate ;

it is covered with small, deep foveze; the abdomen is sub-sessile, the

first segment has a moderately broad band of white silky hairs deeply

emarginate, crescent shape, in the middle of the posterior part, the

second segment is deeply punctured, with the punctures elongate, and

has a band of white hairs somewhat narrow, and of the same width

as the one on the third and fourth, the fifth and sixth are clothed

with a greyish pubescence, which is not dense enough to form a

band ; ventral carina of the first segment hardly noticeable ; tibie

without spines. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Oudtshoorn).

MUuUTILLA MELETE.

Female.—Head, antenne, thorax, and legs pale-red; dorsal part of

first and second segments black, the others sub-rufescent ; ventral

part reddish, the whole body clothed with slightly flavescent villous

hairs; head prolonged behind the eyes, sub-quadrate, as broad as the

apex of the thorax, shagreened and very briefly pubescent ; thorax

truncate at base with the angle sharp, slightly ampliated sub-

diagonally for about one-third of the length laterally, apical part

of the ampliation distinct, sub-tuberculate, gradually narrowed from

there to the declivity where it is about one-fourth narrower than

at its widest part, declivity perpendicular, margins not serrulate,

62 Annals of the South African Museum.

dorsal part sub-foveolate, declivity foveolate; abdomen sessile,

pyriform, second segment aciculate in the basal and very finely

striolate in the apical part, bands silky white with a faint tinge of

yellow, and, with the exception of the one on the first segment, of

equal width; tibia without spines; ventral carina short, incised

in the middle. Length 74 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Beaufort West).

MutTILLA ARIADNA.

Female.—Head, antenne, with the exception of the two first

joints which are rufescent, and abdomen black ; thorax and legs red,

body clothed with a greyish pubescence ; head slightly broader than

the apex of the thorax, and very rugose, sub-quadrate, eyes very

large, space between the hind part of the eyes and the basal angle

very short; apical part of thorax slightly sloping on each side, the

angle sharp but not projecting, outer sides nearly straight, not

incised, margin hardly serrulate, basal part a little broader than the

apical one, posterior declivity perpendicular, serrulate on the upper

part and also laterally ; abdomen pyriform, second segment covered

with closely set, short striole, apical part of the four intermediate

segments with an uninterrupted band of silky white hairs, wanting

on the basal segment; ventral carina of the first segment, short,

sharp, incised in the centre; tibiz spinose. Length 4 mm.

The shape of the thorax and abdomen is similar to that of

M. speculatrix, but it is easily distinguished by the abdominal white

bands.

Hab. Zambesia (Umfuli River).

MUutTILLA CASSIOPE.

Female.—Head, thorax, and tibizw ferruginous red, abdomen

black, femora and scape of antenne piceous; the whole body is

covered with black and greyish hairs; head narrower than the

thorax, long behind the eyes with the sides a little ampliated and

the posterior angles rounded, very rugose and clothed with a brief

flavescent pubescence ; thorax sub-arcuate at apex with the margin

carinate, ampliated diagonally laterally from the apex to a little short

of the median part where it is distinctly projecting in a triangular

blunt tubercle, narrowed gradually from there to the declivity where

it is only one-half the width of the apex; declivity truncate and

serrate laterally, dorsal part covered with moderately broad but

deep confluent punctures; abdomen ovate, first and second basal

joints covered with closely set, narrow, elongate punctures; the

Some New or Lnttle Known South African Mutillide. 63

bands pale-yellow, that on the first segment broad, the apical one

on the second joint slightly triangular in the centre, third, fourth,

and fifth joints entirely clothed, apical part of the sixth denuded;

tibize with a double series of spines; ventral carina moderately

long and slightly bi-incised. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Bushmanland).

MuTILLA OMPHALE.

Female.—Head black, and vertex ferruginous, thorax ferruginous

red, abdomen, antennz, and legs black, basal joint of antenne

piceous red, body clothed with black and flavescent hairs, abdominal

bands and median patch golden-yellow; head as broad as the thorax,

truncate behind, roughly shagreened in the anterior part, striolate

behind ; thorax long, subparallel, the apical part sloping on each side,

outer sides slightly bisinuate with the median part sub-aculeate, basal

part very slightly broader than the apical one, declivity perpendicular,

dorsal part covered with deep, elongate, narrow fovex, with wavy,

sub-carinate intervals ; abdomen not quite sub-petiolate, pyriform,

segments finely shagreened, second one covered with closely set,

sub-elongate punctures, apical part of basal segment fringed with

yellow hairs, median dorsal patch on second segment narrow,

elongato-ovate, beginning close to the base and reaching short of the

middle, apical bands of second and third segments nearly equal in

width; ventral carina curved, dentiform at apex; all five apical

segments fringed underneath with a yellowish pubescence ; tibie

spinose. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern).

MUTILLA THYONE.

Female.—Black, with the thorax red for two-thirds of the length,

base of antennze and legs piceous; head aciculate, as broad as

the thorax, eyes moderately large, head slightly narrowed diagonally

behind; thorax truncate at apex with the angles somewhat sharp,

nearly straight laterally but a little narrower at base than at apex,

declivous behind, closely punctured, the punctures on the declivity

broader and deeper than on the disk, outer margins subcarinate,

neither dentate nor serrulate; abdomen subsessile, oblong, owing

to the second segment not being ampliate in the middle, finely

aciculate, second segment with a small, ovate median patch situated

close to the base and haying a moderately broad fringe of silky white

pubescence, apical joint also slightly pubescent; ventral carina

of first segment slightly bidentate; tibiz without spines. Length

64 mm.

64 Annals of the South African Musewn,

Male.—Black, with a faint bluish tinge on the abdomen, prothorax

and mesothorax, tegule and scutellum ferruginous red; wings infus-

cate, subhyaline at base; head as broad as the thorax, narrow, posterior

angles not very sharp, deeply aciculate, very pubescent, mesothorax

without any apparent longitudinal groove, scutellum slightly grooved

longitudinally in the middle ; abdomen subpyriform, acutely dented

on each side of the base, finely and closely punctured with the

intervals smooth, apical part of the first and second segments

narrowly fringed with a white pubescence; ventral carina of first

segment truncate and sharp at both ends; tibiae without spines.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

Bred by Dr. H. Brauns, from the cocoons of a Clythrid beetle

found in the nest of an ant, Cremastogaster peringueyi, Emery.

Dr. Brauns writes that the two sexes he submitted to me were not

bred out of cocoons from the same nest, but that there can be no

doubt as to the identity of the two sexes.

MutTILLA LEDA.

Female.—Head, antenne, thorax, and legs brick-red and clothed

with a very dense flavescent pubescence, turning sometimes to

silvery white, abdomen black, patch and bands flavescent or

white ; head as broad as the thorax, with the eyes large, and the

space behind the eyes very small and rounded, rugose, but the

rugosity concealed by a thick pubescence ; thorax truncate at apex,

gradually tapering from there to the posterior declivity where it is

narrower by one-third, outer sides nearly straight but a little

emarginate in the anterior part, and each end of the emargination

slightly tuberculate, declivity nearly perpendicular, disk coarsely

punctured and very pubescent, upper margin of the declivity with

a median, moderately conspicuous tubercle ; abdomen subsessile, or

rather slightly pedunculate, ovate, second joint covered with elongate

punctures with raised intervals, fringed with an apical narrow

pubescent white or sub-flavescent band, and having an elongato-

quadrate patch in the middle of the base connected with the apical

band of the first segment, the third joint is clothed with a pubescent

band, and the fourth and fifth have also a short, lateral band of a

similar pubescence ; tibiz with a double series of spines. Length

4—7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Worcester, Prince Albert).

MUTILLA ANNA,

Female.—Head, antennz, thorax, tibie, and tarsi rufescent,

abdomen black, with flavescent band and spot, head and thorax

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 65

covered with a dense decumbent flavescent pubescence ; head very

rugose, rounded laterally behind the eyes which are large; thorax

truncate at tip, gradually ampliated laterally to about the median

part and gradually narrowed from there to the declivity which is

sloping, outer margins bi-incised, and sub-tuberculate at the upper

angle of the declivity, the upper margin of which is serrulate and

has a small but distinct tubercle in the middle and is preceded by

a transverse, narrow, not well-defined groove, disk covered with

irregular, deep, confluent punctures ; abdomen sub-petiolate, basal

segment short, nodose, and with a tooth on each side, second

segment striolate, median patch basal, connected with the apical

band on the first segment, parallel or nearly so, and reaching about

one-third of the length, the band on the apical part and also that of

the third segment are broadly interrupted on each side of the central

part, forming thus three patches; the four intermediate segments

have a ventral fringe of flavescent hairs, ventral carina of first

segment truncate at both ends. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester).

MUTILLA CETO.

Female.—Black, with the thorax red, spot and bands of abdomen

slightly flavescent, head and thorax covered with a dense flavescent

pubescence; head closely punctured, as broad as the thorax, eyes

large, space behind the eyes short, straight; thorax moderately

long, parallel, outer margins hardly sinuate, posterior declivity per-

pendicular, disk and declivity covered with deep, closely set, large

punctures ; abdomen sub-sessile, deeply and closely punctured, basal

joint hairy but without any pubescent fringe, second one with a

basal, ovate patch touching the apical margin, and an apical,

pubescent band slightly dilated in the centre, third segment clothed

with a similar band; ventral carina long, bi-sinuate ; tibiae with a

double series of spines. Length 4-5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth); presented by Dr. Brauns.

MUTILLA IRIS.

Female.—Head, antenne, thorax, and legs red, clothed with

moderately dense. hairs, abdominal bands and spot silky white ;

head roughly shagreened, very briefly pubescent, eyes large, head as

broad as the thorax, projecting little behind the eyes, posterior

angles not much rounded; thorax long, slender, sloping on each

side at apex, gradually attenuate from the apical outer angle to the

base where it is narrower than at the apex by nearly one-third,

66 Annals of the South African Museum.

outer sides nearly straight from a short distance from the apical

angle, carinate, not sinuate nor dentate, declivity abrupt, upper part

covered with deep, closely set punctures; abdomen sub-sessile,

second segment covered with small, elongate punctures, median patch

ovate and equidistant from base and apex, bands on the first and second

segments narrow, that on the third segment covering it entirely ;

ventral carina of the first segment bi-incised, truncate and sharp at

apex, the four intermediate segments piceous red underneath,

narrowly fringed with whitish hairs ; tibie with a few short spines

difficult to detect. Length 54 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern).

Resembles M. predatriz, Sm., but differs in the colour of the

head and thorax, which are respectively black and dark ferruginous

in predatriz; the thorax is more attenuated behind and less

coarsely punctured, the abdomen is more ovate, and the spines on

the tibiz are hardly discernible instead of being very conspicuous.

MUvutTILLA MELPOMENE.

Female.—Black, with the thorax red, bands and spot of abdomen

silvery white ; head as broad as the apical part of the thorax, very

deeply pitted, slightly pubescent, eyes large, space behind the eyes

small, base straight or nearly so; thorax very slightly sloping on

each side at apex, gradually ampliated from there to the base, where

it is one-fourth wider with the outer sides slightly emarginate at

about the median part, posterior declivity perpendicular, disc sub-

alveolate with the intervals forming two series of very short

tubercles above the declivity, the outer margins of which are

serrulate ; abdomen sub-sessile, nearly pyriform, second segment

covered with slightly wavy and interrupted raised lines, basal joint

with an apical fringe of white pubescent hairs, second one with a

median sub-elongate white patch equidistant from base and apex,

third and fourth segment clothed with a pubescent band; ventral

carina of first segment truncate and sharp at both ends, and slightly

sinuate in the middle ; tibiz spinose. Length 64 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth); presented by Dr. Brauns.

MUTILLA ALCYONE.

Female.—Head, antenne, legs, and abdomen black, dorsal part of

thorax dark ferruginous, head and thorax clothed with a very brief,

sub-flavescent pubescence, body with black and white hairs; head

quadrate with the posterior angles sharp, as broad as the base of the

thorax, irregularly foveate ; thorax sloping much on each side at

apex, nearly straight laterally, but slightly emarginate for half the

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 67

length, nearly abruptly truncate behind, with the sides as well as

the upper margin of the declivity serrate, the latter with a median

truncate flattened tubercle; the disk is covered with irregular

fover with raised intervals which form a transverse wavy ridge

above the margin of the declivity ; abdomen subsessile, basal joint

with an apical whitish patch, second one closely striolate, and

having exactly in the centre an ovate patch, third and fourth seg-

ments clothed with a white band; ventral carina truncate and sharp

at both ends, intermediate segments fringed with white; tibie

spinose. Length 103-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Griqua-

land West).

I suspect this species to be the female of MZ. exaltata, Sm.

MUTILLA HECUBA.

Female.—Head, antennz, femora, and abdomen black, the an-

tennal tubercles, a transverse posterior band on the head, and the

tibiz rufescent, thorax red, body with long black hairs ; head and

thorax clothed with a very short, sub-flavescent pubescence ; abdo-

minal bands and spot slightly flavescent; head as broad as the

thorax, quadrate with the posterior angles sharp and the base

slightly arcuate, very rugose and with some sub-carinate intervals in

the central part; thorax nearly parallel, but slightly incised laterally

in the anterior part, not sinuate, as broad at base as at apex, apical

part very slightly sloping on each side, declivity perpendicular, disk

covered with deep, moderately broad punctures, declivity also broadly

punctured, serrulate on the upper margin, which has also a median

truncate tubercle ; abdomen subsessile, shagreened, second segment

covered with dense, closely set, elongate punctures, apical band on

the first segment indistinct in some examples, the median patch on

the second is ovate and equidistant from base or apex, and there is

besides on each side of it a triangular patch of slightly flavescent

hairs, the apex of which nearly coalesces with the median part, and

which consists of scattered hairs not dense enough to form a macule,

the apical part of the segment has no band, but the third and fourth

have a broad one; the ventral carina is a little emarginate, the four

intermediate segments are thickly fringed with silky white hairs,

and the tibiz are spinose. Length 83-82 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

MUutTILLA CIRCE.

Female.—Black, with the anterior part of the thorax: pale orange-

yellow, antennz rufescent, tibia and tarsi also rufescent,.femora

68 Annals of the South African Museum.

piceous black except at base, the two dorsal spots on the second

abdominal segment pale orange-yellow, the band on the third one

silvery white ; head not broader than the apical part of the thorax,

rounded laterally behind, eyes very large and convex, space between

the apex of the eye and the base very small; thorax sloping on each

side at apex, long, slender, gradually narrowed from apex to base and

not emarginate laterally, base narrower than the apex by one-third,

declivity very sloping, disk covered with broad, moderately deep

foveze deeper and broader in the posterior part; abdomen nearly

sub-pedunculate, first segment sharply dentate laterally at base,

second covered with deep, broad, ovate punctures and having in the

centre, but a little nearer to the base than to the apex, two sub-

triangular yellow patches set close to one another, third segment

clothed with a silvery white band; ventral carina of first segment

small, feebly bi-dentate, ventral part sub-rufescent; tibize with a

double row of short spines. Length 64 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay).

MUTILLA THEMIS.

female.—Black, with the dorsal and lateral part of thorax red ;

head narrow, long, scrobiculate with the intervals carinate and

undulating, as broad as the thorax at apex, posterior angles a

little rounded, eyes large, very convex ; it is clothed with a sparse,

whitish pubescence and moderately dense, long black hairs ; thorax

elongate, narrow, truncate at apex, deeply incised laterally in the

median part with the angles of the incision dentate, declivity

sloping, the whole of the dorsal part covered with deep scrobes, the

intervals of which form longitudinal, wavy carine reaching from

apex to base; abdomen sub-sessile, sub-pyriform, second segment

striate irregularly, basal joint short and without any band or spot,

second joint with two sub-ovate white patches, not quite in the

middle, but equidistant from the centre of the disk and the outer

margin, third segment with a broad white band, broadly interrupted

in the centre, apical segment with white pubescent hairs; ventral

carina short, acute, truncate at both ends and with three indistinct

serrations ; tibiz with two spines. Length 15 mm.

Resembles very much M. sycorax, and might be easily mistaken

for it; the abdomen however is more pyriform, the mesonotum is

black, the ventral carina of the first joint is not sharply dentate,

and the ridge on the ventral part of the second joint does not end in

a tooth; the punctures on the second segment are much more

elongate and the intervals much raised and sub-linear.

Male.—Black, clothed with grey and black hairs and with white

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 69

abdominal patches; head shagreened, anterior and posterior part

clothed with dense, greyish white hairs; prothorax also clothed

with greyish hairs, mesothorax with five longitudinal grooves,

scutellum produced in a thick, short triangle, metathorax with a

broad median groove, carinate on each side and reaching to about

half the length, and a supra-lateral, sub-diagonal carina coalescing at

about midway with the outer margin, which is also very sharp ;

abdomen sessile, first joint not banded, second one covered with a

white patch, leaving a diamond-shaped space denuded in the centre,

the other joints, except the apical one, have a lateral, apical band ;

underneath the five ultimate joints have a lateral fringe of sparse,

greyish hairs, and the ventral carina of the first joint is short,

truncate at both ends, and not incised ; wings sub-violaceous. The

prothorax and mesothorax are deeply and closely punctured, and

the metathorax closely foveate, the scutellum is thickly fringed with

long, greyish hairs; the abdominal segments have shallow, spaced

punctures. Length 13-154 mm.

As closely allied to M. medon, Sm., as the female is to M. sycorax.

Both sexes have been sent to the museum by Colonel J. H. Bowker

as having been caught in copulé. I have some doubts, however, as

to the identity of both sexes, because they are so differently marked.

In M. sycorax (? guineensis) the two sexes, which I have several

times bred from the mud nests of Pelopeus spirifex, have similar

markings. It is very singular that the female, which is so closely

allied to M. sycorax that it is difficult to distinguish the two, should

differ so much from the male.

Hab. Natal (D’Urban, Frere, Estcourt) ; Transvaal (Boksburg),

Zambesia (Salisbury).

MUuTILLA PERSEPHONE.

Female.—Black, with the thorax ferruginous red, spots and bands

on the abdomen silvery white; head shagreened, briefly pubescent,

slightly narrowed diagonally laterally behind the eyes, which are

large and very convex, the base is slightly emarginate ; it is slightly

wider than the thorax, which is moderately long, parallel and slightly

denticulate laterally past the median part, posterior declivity perpen-

dicular, serrulate laterally, dorsal part scrobiculate, the intervals

are sub-linear in the median part; abdomen sub-sessile, elongato-

ovate, second segment punctulate and having two somewhat rounded

supra-lateral white patches situated in the median part, but a little

nearer to the apical than to the basal part, third segment clothed

with a white band broadly interrupted in the centre, apical joint

covered also with a dense white pubescence ; ventral carina of first

70 Annals of the South African Museum.

segment bi-dentate in the centre, the five abdominal segments

thickly fringed with greyish hairs underneath; tibiz with a double

series of distant spines. Length 7-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Seymour), Zambesia (Umfuli River), Natal

(Malvern).

MuvTILLA CALYPSO.

Female.—Black, with the whole thorax bright red, spots and bands

of abdomen white; head slightly attenuate behind, and very little

wider than the thorax, clothed with a dense flavescent pubescence,

and deeply and closely punctured, eyes large; thorax short, slightly

sloping on each side at apex, straight laterally and slightly denticu-

late near the base, deeply foveate, abruptly truncate and with two or

three transverse series of short tubercles along the base produced

by the sharp intervals of the fovee ; abdomen sub-sessile, sub-pyri-

form, second joint finely striolate and having two lateral ovate patches

placed nearer to the apex than to the base, third joint clothed with

a band of white hairs broadly interrupted in the centre, fourth joint

also clothed with a similar band which is, however, much less dense,

but this may be accidental; ventral carina of first joint tri-incised ;

tibia with a few rudimentary spines. Length d mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (exact locality unknown).

MvutTI“LLA PENELOPE.

Female.—Black, with the dorsal part of the thorax dark ferrugi-

nous; abdominal spots and bands silvery white; head rounded

laterally behind, with the eyes large and the space between the eye

and the base small; it is closely foveate, very briefly pubescent and

not broader than the prothorax ; the latter is elongate, narrow, very

sloping on each side at base, dilated triangularly laterally in the

anterior part, sub-parallel from there, but slightly emarginate, deeply

and irregularly foveate with the intervals of the fovez conical on the

outer sides as well as at the base, declivity slightly sloping and with

six distinct, slightly undulating carine; abdomen sub-sessile and

sub-pyriform, second segment covered with deep, very elongate

punctures, the intervals of which form very distinct raised lines in

the centre of the discoidal part, and having two ovate sub-median

whitish patches a little nearer to the apex than to the base, third

and fourth segments clothed with a white band broadly interrupted in

the centre, apical segment clothed with greyish white hairs; ventral

carina of first segment tri-dentate; tibiz with a single series of spines.

Length 94 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Hartley).

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 71

Resembles very much M. persephone, but the sculpture of the

thorax and abdomen is much more pronounced, and in M. persephone

the third abdominal segment only bears a white band.

MUTILLA THYAS.

Female.—Black, thorax bright red, spots on the abdomen silvery

white; head very rugose and clothed with a brief, greyish pubescence

and a few short black hairs, nearly as broad as the apical part of the

thorax, a little rounded laterally behind, eyes long, sub-emarginate ;

thorax truncate at apex, straight laterally for one-fourth of the length,

a little narrowed but parallel for half the length, and broadening for

the remaining fourth but still straight laterally and with the base

one-fourth wider than the apex, declivity quite perpendicular, whole

surface covered with deep, elongate, narrow and closely set fovex,

basal part with a distinct transverse sulcus above the upper margin

of the declivity ; abdomen sessile, pyriform, segments finely sha-

greened, second one with two round patches placed nearer to the

base than to the apex, third and fourth with two sub-quadrate patches

in a line with those on the second segment, apical part of the ultimate

segment fringed with thick, long, white hairs; ventral carina of the

first segment short, bi-dentate, intermediate segments fringed with

greyish hairs underneath, the second one has a short, lateral, silky

band along the outer margin; tibiae with a double series of spines.

Length 19 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom).

MuTI“LLA INO.

Female.—Size and facies of M. estuans, but the head is broader

and the thorax less ampliated behind; head quadrate, muvh broader

than the thorax, base straight, eyes set forward, frontal tubercles

very sharp; it is shagreened and faintly striolate in the posterior

part, black, briefly pubescent, pilose, the scape and also the two

basal joints of the antenne are reddish; thorax truncate and of equal

width at both ends, very slightly sinuate laterally with the outer

margins sub-serrulate at the upper part of the posterior declivity,

which is perpendicular, and closely denticulate, and the discoidal part

is covered with rough, confluent punctures; abdomen pyriform,

second segment closely and finely punctured and having two median

whitish patches equidistant from outer sides and apical and basal

margins, third segment clothed with a band of white pubescence,

apical segment also pubescent; ventral carina of first segment

aculeate at tip; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt, D’ Urban).

72 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Closely allied to M. perse, but the third segment only is banded

with white, and the two patches on the second one are of different

shape and size.

MUTILLA ACRISIONE.

Female.—Black, thorax ferruginous red, spots and bands on the

dorsal part of the abdomen sub-flavescent ; head scrobiculate, hardly

pubescent, broader than the thorax, rounded laterally behind, eyes

large ; thorax not much broader at base than at apex, but with the

median lateral part emarginate, apical part sub-arcuate with the

anterior angles sharp, deeply scrobiculate with the intervals longi-

tudinally carinate in the median part, but wavy, lateral margins

sub-serrate, declivity sloping; abdomen sub-sessile, second segment

covered with deep, closely set, elongate punctures, and having two

supra-lateral, rounded, flavescent patches situated at the same dis-

tance from base and apex, third and fourth segments clothed with

a band of sub-flavescent hairs; ventral carina of the first segment

trifid ; tibize with a double series of spines. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch).

MutTILLA NIOBE.

Female.—Black, with the upper part of the thorax red, antenne,

tibia, and tarsi sub-rufescent, femora piceous black, spots and bands

on the abdomen silvery white ; head very broad, quadrate, with the

base sub-arcuate, twice as broad as the thorax, eyes moderate, set

forward, very closely and finely punctured and hardly pubescent ;

thorax short, truncate at apex, parallel laterally and not emarginate,

perpendicularly declivous behind and covered with moderately broad

and closely set punctures, outer margins of the declivity sub-serrulate ;

abdomen sub-sessile, pyriform, second segment closely punctured and

having two small supra-lateral, transverse patches, third, fourth, and

fifth segments clothed with a band of white hairs; ventral carina of

first segment truncate and sub-aculeate behind; tibiz with a double

series of spines. Length 7} mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA BELLONA.

Female.—Black, with the anterior part of the thorax dark ferrugi-

nous in the middle of the disk; abdominal bands and spots slightly

flavescent ; head very broad, posterior angles a little rounded, eyes

set much forward, twice as broad as the median part of the thorax,

closely striolate and briefly pubescent; thorax slightly arcuate at

base with the angle sharp and with a short lateral spine curving

slightly backwards, outer sides deeply emarginate, base not much

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 73

narrower than the apex without the lateral projection, declivity

perpendicular, disk closely foveolate, sides of the declivity serrulate ;

abdomen sub-sessile, second segment covered with closely set, fine,

elongated punctures and having two transverse sub-flavescent patches,

each of which is placed at an equal distance from the side and the

median part, third and fourth segments clothed with a white band,

apical segment’ fringed at apex with greyish white hairs; ventral

carina sub-aculeate at both ends; tibize with a double series of spines.

Length 94 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester District).

MuTILLA PASYPHAE.

Female.—Closely allied to M. bellona; the head, however, is

much broader, with the base deeply sinuate and covered with very

closely set, fine punctures, and the eyes are set forward, the antennz

are rufescent, and the antennal tubercles are sharper and longer;

the thorax is sharply angular at apex, sub-parallel, and a little

attenuate towards the base instead of being nearly straight, and it

is not so broadly and deeply pitted; the abdomen is more pyri-

form, and the spots on the second segment and the bands on the

third and fourth are similar in shape and colour, but the punctures

on the second segment are much finer and closer ; tibize also with a

double series of spines. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch, Uitenhage).

The sculpture and also the shape of the head approximates much

this species with I. bellona, but the shape of the thorax is very

different.

MUTILLA PERSE.

Female.—Anterior part of the head and abdomen black, posterior

part of the head and dorsal part of the thorax ferruginous red,

antenne, tibiz, and tarsi sub-rufescent, femora piceous black, abdo-

minal spots and bands white; head large, quadrate, base straight,

eyes large, set forward, finely shagreened, striolate behind, densely

pubescent, and one-third broader than the thorax, which is parallel

laterally, not emarginate, and truncate at apex and base, declivity

perpendicular, with the outer margins serrulate, disk closely sub-

foveate; abdomen sub-pyriform, second segment aciculate and having

two transverse patches in the median part, separated by a narrow

interval and extending to the outer side of the disk; third, fourth,

and fifth abdominal segments clothed with a silky white band ;

carina of the basal segment short, truncate, and sub-aculeate at base;

tibize with a double series of spines. Length 8 mm

Hab. Cape Colony (Prince Albert).

14 Annals of the South African Museum.

MutTILLA ANDROMEDA.

Female.—Black, with the upper part of the thorax ferruginous

red ; abdominal macule and band white, but occasionally orange-

yellow or sub-flavescent; head as broad as the thorax, rounded

laterally behind, eyes small, leaving much space behind, deeply

serobiculate on the vertex, clothed with a thin, sub-flavescent

pubescence and set with long black hairs; thorax nearly straight

at apex, incised at about one-fourth of the length, narrower from

there to the base and nearly parallel but sub-tuberculate at some

distance from the posterior declivity, which is abrupt and serrulate

all round, the disk is covered with irregular, deep fovez with sharp

intervals ; abdomen ovate, sub-sessile, second segment striolate, the

basal one with a median, triangular patch, second one with an

ovate spot on each side placed at an equal distance from the sides

and the median part, central apical part with a small, sub-quadrate

spot, third segment entirely covered by a broad band; ventral

carina short, truncate and aculeate at apex, second segment with

a moderately deep impression, the base divided by a raised line on

each side of the base underneath, intermediate joints fringed with

greyish hairs; tibie with a double series of spines. Length

9-15 mm.

Hab, Cape Colony (Cape Town, Worcester, Calvinia).

In the example from Calvinia the thorax is redder than in the

typical form, and the abdominal spots and band rich orange-yellow.

MuTILLA ARSINOE.

Female.—Black, with the thorax red.

The description of M. andromeda might serve for this species, but

apart from the colour of the thorax, which is totally red instead of

being ferruginous in the dorsal part only, the thorax is narrower

and longer, the intervals of the fovew are more longitudinal, those

on the hind part are raised in the shape of small conical tubercles,

and the edge of the declivity is denticulate ; the abdomen is more

elongato-ovate, the second segment more deeply striolate, and with

the intervals more raised. Length 11 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp).

MUTILLA HECATE.

Female.—Black, with the thorax ferruginous red; head scro-

biculate, clothed with a very brief, whitish pubescence, very abun-

dant on the basal joint of antennz, as broad as the thorax, rounded

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 70

laterally behind, eyes large, mandibles bifid at tip; thorax incised

laterally at a short distance from the apex, which is nearly straight,

narrower and parallel from there to the declivity, which is perpen-

dicular and has nine sharp teeth on the upper margin, disk with

seven longitudinal but wavy ridges in the median part and two

lateral series of scrobiculations on each side; abdomen sub-sessile,

first segment with a small median white patch, second one covered

with elongated, longitudinal raised lines, and having two supra-

lateral, ovate white patches and a small, apical, median one; third

segment clothed with a white band; tibiz with a double series of

spines. Length 14 mm.

Very closely allied to MW. arsinoé ; differs by the sculpture of the

thorax, the dorsal part of which is covered with much more distinct

and less undulating carine, the upper margin of the declivity is also

more distinctly dentate; but the two species may prove to be one.

I have seen only one example of each.

Hab. Zambesia (Umfuli River).

MUTILLA ARTEMIS.

Female.—Black, with the dorsal part of thorax ferruginous; head

as broad as the thorax, eyes moderately small and placed very

much forward, sides ampliated laterally, moderately rounded in the

posterior angles, base truncate, scrobiculate, with the intervals

raised and linear in the posterior part, clothed with a very brief

flavescent pubescence, and with long, black, moderately dense

bristles ; thorax broad, short, nearly as wide as long, slightly sloping

on each side at apex, incised laterally but not deeply at a short

distance from the apex, nearly straight from there to a short

distance from the base, where it is a little broader than the anterior

part, and slightly narrowed from there to the declivity, which is

perpendicular with the sides denticulate, the disk has eleven very

distinct, slightly undulating ridges reaching from apex to base ;

abdomen sub-sessile, pyriform, second segment distinctly striolate,

spots on the first and second segments and band on the third, as

in M. hecate; ventral carina truncate at apex and obsoletely tri-

dentate ; tibize with a double series of spines. Length 11 mm.

Allied to M. hecate and M. parca, but differs from the first in the

striolate head and broader thorax, the longitudinal carinz of which

are more numerous, the abdomen is also more pyriform; from M.

parca it differs by the smaller head, less parallel thorax, and non-

dentate upper margin of the declivity.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

76 Annals of the South African Museum.

MUTILLA PARCA.

Female.—Black, with the vertex of the head and dorsal part of

thorax ferruginous or ferruginous red, spots and band of abdomen

pale-yellow ; head broader than the thorax, sub-quadrate, truncate

behind, with the posterior angles moderately rounded, eyes small,

situated much forward, sub-serobiculate, with the intervals near in

the posterior part, hardly pubescent, and set with moderately dense

hairs; thorax short, broad, nearly truncate at apex, very slightly

incised, almost straight laterally, basal part very slightly broader

than the apical one, declivity perpendicular, and upper margin dis-

tinctly dentate, disk with five straight median carine, two sloping

ones on each side of the five median ones and one or two indistinct

lateral ones; abdomen sub-sessile, second abdominal segments

striolate, spots and band as in the two preceding species, but

pale-yellow instead of silvery white; ventral carina sharply denti-

form at apex; intermediate segments fringed with dense, sub-

flavescent hairs underneath; tibiae with a double row of spines.

Length 12-164 mm.

Allied to MW. zulu, Kohl, but the head is broader in proportion to

the width of the thorax, the longitudinal carinz of which are more

numerous, the abdomen is more inflated, and there is only a few

lateral white hairs on the edge of the second segment instead of a

narrow band.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prince Albert, Worcester).

MutTILLA AGAVE.

Female.—Black, with the dorsal part of the thorax ferruginous,

spots on the abdominal segments silvery white; head clothed with

a sparse, whitish pubescence, scrobiculate, the intervals raised and

longitudinal in the posterior central part, as broad as the thorax,

subquadrate, eyes set very forward; thorax nearly parallel, but

emarginate laterally for about one-third of the length, truncate

perpendicularly behind, the top of the declivity denticulate, the

disk scrobiculate but with the intervals in the shape of longi-

tudinal, slightly undulating, carine; abdomen subsessile, second

segment covered with longitudinal raised lines; the basal segment

and also the third, fourth, and fifth with a central, small white

patch, second segment also with a similar central apical patch and

having also an ovate patch on each side nearer to the apex than to

the base; ventral carina of first segment incised at about the

median part, truncate and sharp at apex, intermediate segments

fringed with dense, greyish hairs underneath ; tibize with a double

series of spines. Length 105-11 mm.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 77

Hub. ? Cape Colony ; Zambesia (Umfuli River).

In the specimen from Zambesia the thorax is more distinctly

carinate longitudinally in the dorsal part.

MuTILLA CYDIPPE.

Female.—Black, with a broad patch on the head, and the thorax

dark ferruginous, spots and bands on the abdomen golden-yellow ;

head scrobiculate, very slightly pubescent, a little broader than the

thorax, ampliated laterally behind the eyes, which are small and

set forward, posterior angles rounded, base straight; antenne

piceous red; thorax truncate in the median part of the apex but

with the angles sloping, straight laterally, and hardly narrower at

base than at apex, perpendicularly declivous behind and covered

with deep, irregular, closely set foveze ; outer margins not serrulate ;

abdomen sessile, basal part of first joint implanted in the second,

longer than usual, and as broad as the apical part of the second

segment, which is covered with elongated punctures with raised

intervals ; the first segment has on each side of the base a broad

triangular yellow patch coalescing with two broad elongated ones

on the second segment; these two bands are separated by a narrow

median longitudinal space and cover nearly the whole of the upper

part of the segment, except a narrow apical band; the three seg-

ments following are covered by a pubescent band; the first segment

is sharply dentate on each side, and the ventral carina is not very

sharp, the intermediate segments have a fringe of sub-flavescent

hairs, and the tibia have a double series of spines. Length

9+ mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Carnarvon).

MUuvTILLA TERPSICHORE.

Female.—Black or piceous, with the thorax ferruginous red on the

dorsal part, clothed with a dense white glistening pubescence on the

head and laterally on the thorax, where it forms two distinct elongate

patches on the epimera on each side; head a little narrower than the

thorax, very rugose, sub-quadrate and with a very high ridge, inter-

rupted in the centre and very sharp at the external angle, running

along the base; thorax truncate at apex, diagonal laterally form the

apical angle to about one-third of the length, where it is very dis-

tinctly aculeate, and gradually narrowed from there to the declivity,

where it is narrower by one-third than at its broadest part and slightly

tuberculate at an equal distance from the anterior tubercle and the

base; it is deeply scrobiculate, and the declivity is very sloping ;

78 Annals of the South African Museum.

abdomen petiolate, ovate, the node of the first segment with a

transverse series of six acute tubercles, sharply dentate on each side

of the base and with a narrow, apical whitish band or spot, second

segment covered with wide, elongate fovez not very deep and having

five white patches, 7.e., a triangular median one divided longitudi-

nally in the centre, and the apex of which does not reach the anterior

edge nor the base the median part, two supra-apical, median, sub-

ovate ones nearly coalescing, and one on each side quite close to the

lateral margin, fourth and fifth segments with a sub-quadrate median

patch, third and fourth segments with a silvery white band under-

neath, prolonged slightly beyond the suture on the dorsal joint ;

ventral carina of first segment dentiform at apex, ventral part of

second segment sub-carinate at the base; tibiz with a double series

of spines. Length 13 mm.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Morokweng).

This species stands quite isolated among the South African ones.

MutTILLA PANDORA.

Female.—Pale-red with the dorsal part of the abdomen black and

the ventral intermediate segments rufescent, head and thorax clothed

with a thick, decumbent, flavescent pubescence, hairs long, dense,

dark, abdominal patches and bands slightly flavescent ; head nearly

as broad as the thorax, finely striolate longitudinally, posterior angles

rounded slightly, eyes moderately large; thorax broader laterally in

the first anterior part, sides carinate, not emarginate or dentate,

declivity perpendicular, it is concave in the centre, and the disk is

covered with elongate fovew hidden by the flavescent pubescence ;

abdomen sub-sessile, ovate, first segment dentate on each side and

short, second segment covered with raised, interrupted lines and

having a narrow, juxta-basal, elongate, median patch and a supra-

lateral, sub-transverse one at about the median part, equidistant from

the outer margin and the centre of the disk; the three following seg-

ments are banded with white, but the band of the third one is broad

in the centre only and reduced to a narrow fringe laterally; ventral

carina of the basal segment indistinct; tibiae with a double series of

spines. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand).

MUTILLA TISIPHONE.

Female.—Head, abdomen, antenne, and legs black, thorax red,

body clothed with hairs, black on the upper part and grey under-

neath; head small, straight behind the eyes, which are large,

Some New or Inttle Known South African Mutillide. hs)

truncate transversely behind with the posterior angles not rounded,

narrower than the thorax by one-fourth, very rough, and clothed with

a very brief, yellowish pubescence; thorax truncate at tip, slightly

ampliate laterally from the anterior angle to a little short of the

median part, bi-sinuate and tri-dentate and a little narrowed from the

first lateral tooth to the declivity, where it is narrower than the apex

by one-fourth ; it is deeply foveate, the foveee closely set and with

raised, smooth intervals forming irregular, wavy, longitudinal ridges,

declivity perpendicular, serrate laterally ; abdomen sessile, first joint

truncate in front and with the sides parallel, and angular in the

anterior part, very rugose and with a sub-quadrate silvery white

patch on each side equidistant from the median and the lateral part

and overlapping slightly the basal edge of the second segment which

is strigose, third segment clothed with a white band broadly inter-

rupted in the middle; ventral carina of the first segment incised in

the middle with the apical part dentiform, second segment with a

median raised line and a short depression on each side of the base ;

tibiz with one series of spines. Length 13-16 mm.

Allied to M. cepheus, Sm., and M. comparata, Sm. In shape and

size it very much resembles the former, but the head is smaller, and

the two white patches on the first segment are more distant; from

M. horrida, Sm., which has similarly arranged white spots and bands

and also a head narrower than the thorax, it differs by the more

slender form, more elongato-ovate abdomen, and principally by the

transversely elongato-quadrate basal segment; the tibizw have also

one series of spines instead of two, and the second segment is less

conspicuously strigose.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp, Boksburg), Natal (D’Urban, Frere).

MUTILLA CHIONE.

Female.—Head, antenne, abdomen, and legs black, thorax red,

body clothed with black and greyish white hairs; head closely

scrobiculate, hardly pubescent, truncate behind, straight laterally

with the posterior angle not rounded, space between the base and

the posterior part of the eye small; thorax a little broader than the

head, straight at apex with the angle sharp, nearly straight laterally

but a little narrowed gradually behind where it is about one-fifth

narrower at the declivity than at apex, irregularly serrate laterally

with one sub-median tooth better defined than the others; it is

covered on the dorsal part with long, narrow, foveate punctures,

the intervals of which are raised in the form of longitudinal, wavy

lines more distinct from the apex to two-thirds of the length;

abdomen sub-pyriform, elongate. shagreened, second segment covered

80 Annals of the South African Museum.

with closely set, smooth, longitudinal raised lines reaching from the

base to two-thirds of the length; the white spots on the first abdo-

minal segment are equidistant from the median and lateral parts,

and the band on the third segment is narrowly interrupted in the

centre; the ventral carina of the first segment is sub-acute at apex ;

the tibiz have a double row of spines. Length 9-10 mm.

Hab. Bechuanaland.

This species resembles also M. horrida; it is, however, smaller

and more slender than the smallest examples of M. horrida which I

have seen, and the abdomen is more pyriform.

MutTILLA CLOTHO.

Female.—Head, antennz, abdomen, and legs black, thorax ferrugi-

nous red, body clothed with long hairs, sub-flavescent on head and

thorax and beneath, black on dorsal part of abdomen; head one-

third narrower than the thorax, straight laterally with the posterior

angles not rounded, base not quite straight, scrobiculate, briefly

pubescent; thorax scrobiculate on the dorsal part with the intervals

raised, apical margin sloping slightly from the median part to the

anterior angle, straight laterally from there to about one-third of the

length, where there -is a conspicuous, triangular tooth, and slightly

attenuate past the sub-median tooth to the posterior part, the angle

of which is very long and triangular, posterior declivity perpendicular ;

abdominal segments very densely hairy, aciculate with the exception

of the second which is covered for two-thirds of the length with

elongated, narrow punctures with raised intervals, the two sublateral

patches on the first segment and the broadly interrupted band on the

third one are whitish yellow, the sixth segment is clothed with dense

sub-flavescent hairs; ventral carina of first segment sharp, truncate

at tip; tibia with a single series of spines. Length 19 mm.

Facies of M. horrida, and with the white spots and band on the

abdomen similar, but is easily distinguished by the long, triangular,

posterior angles of the thorax ; the intervals of the dorsal scrobicula-

tion are not longitudinal laterally, and the tibiz have a single row of

spines instead of a double one.

Hab. Transvaal (no exact locality).

MUTILLA MEGAERA.

Female.—Head and thorax ferruginous red, antenne, legs, and

abdomen black, body clothed with long hairs; head closely foveate,

narrower than the thorax by one-third, straight laterally behind the

eyes, posterior margin slightly arcuate towards the posterior angles,

Some New or Lnttle Known South African Mutillide. 81

which are rounded; thorax short, subparallel, as broad as long, and

slightly narrower at the declivity than at the apex, hardly emarginate

laterally but with a few serrations, declivity perpendicular, dorsal

part closely and regularly foveate; abdomen sessile, first joint

truncate in front, sides parallel with the stalk very short, shagreened

and with an elongate yellowish white patch on each side reaching

from the side to a third of the width, second segment scrobiculate

and having a small narrow patch on each side of the smooth median

part and also a lateral short band, third segment with a narrow band

reaching from the sides to about two-fifths of the length, and thus

leaving the median part of about one-fifth in width uncovered, the

median space between the patches on the second segment and the

bands on the third joint is of equal width ; ventral carina of the first

joint sharp, truncate at apex; tibia with a double row of spines.

Length 11-13 mm.

Allied to M. bilunata, Gerst., but the head is much smaller than

the thorax, and the apical patches on the second segment are smaller.

Hab. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay, Port Elizabeth).

(MALES.)

MutTILLA MNEMOSIDES.

Very closely allied to M. capicola, which it resembles in size and

colour, but the abdomen is ovate, not subglobose, the second

segment is not so deeply foveate and the fovez are not so elongate,

the slender basal part of the first segment is much shorter, the

ventral carina of the first segment is sharper at apex and base, and

the second segment has a central depression limited by a distinct

diverging carina on each side and two small, sharp tubercles in the

centre of the basal part; in MW. capicola there is a faint trace only of

a median depression. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt).

MutTILLA MAJA,

Black, with the prothorax, the dorsal part of the mesothorax, the

tegulz, and also the seutellum red, body covered with long, dense,

greyish white hairs; head subquadrate, one-third broader than long,

eyes set forward, very little emarginate, not projecting beyond the

outer sides; it is deeply and closely punctured, and the massive

antennee are sub-rufescent; thorax covered with deep, closely set

punctures with the intervals granulose, mesothorax with a broad

but not deep groove along the tegule, scutellum raised, metathorax

foveate, declivity perpendicular, wings sub-hyaline at base, infuscate

82 Annals of the South African Musewn.

for the remaining part; abdomen covered with very closely set round

punctures, first joint with a short, slender stalk and produced in a

large node and having a thin, transverse fringe of sub-erect pallid

hairs at about the median part, second joint very swollen and with

an apical fringe of long, dense, decumbent whitish hairs, third

segment with a similar fringe; ventral carina short, sharp, truncate

at both ends; tibize without any spine. Length 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth); presented by Dr. H. Brauns.

This species is easily recognised by the short stalk of the basal

abdominal joint, which is swollen into a large node resembling that

of a male Apterogyna.

MUTILLA BYBLIS.

Anterior part of the head and abdomen black, posterior part of the

head, neck, upper part of thorax, and base of the first abdominal

segment, red, shining, antenne and legs infuscate; head as broad as

the base of the prothorax, sub-quadrate, slightly attenuate laterally

behind, very rugose, villose and covered with a very short silvery

pubescence; lateral part of prothorax slightly and bluntly denticulate ;

metathorax elongated in the shape of a truncate pyramid, covered

with deep, closely set fovez, the intervals of which are sub-tubercu-

late, mesothorax without any longitudinal groove ; first segment of

abdomen long, conspicuously petiolate, spinose laterally at base,

ventral carina sharp and truncate at both ends, covered like the

second segment with small, elongated, closely set punctures, the

intervals of which are moderately raised and sharp, upper apical

margin with a broad band of silky white hairs, second segment

inflated and with a moderately broad white band, third segment also

with a similar band, these two bands are replaced underneath by a

less dense and narrower greyish white band, the fourth segment has

also a similar fringe ; intermediate and posterior tibize with a double

series of spines; abdomen and legs, tarsi included, set with dense,

long silvery white hairs. The wings are wanting in the only speci-

men I have been able to examine. Length 7-11 mm.

The shape of the prothorax is nearly identical with that of the

same sex of M. galanthis, and the sculpture of the abdomen is similar,

but the first abdominal segment is longer, and the foves of the meta-

thorax are deeper and broader.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Moroqueng), Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

MuTILLA PHYLIRA.

Black, covered with dense greyish hairs, prothorax and mesothorax

and also the scutellum bright red; head sub-quadrate, densely and

Some New or LInttle Known South African Mutillide. 83

closely punctured and nearly as broad as the prothorax; prothorax and

mesothorax and also the scutellum covered with shallow, moderately

broad punctures, mesothorax with four longitudinal grooves, meta-

thorax gradually narrowed towards the base, dehiscent, and covered

with regular, closely set fovez ; first and second abdominal segments

covered with closely set, elongate punctures with slightly raised

intervals, apical margin of both with a narrow silky white band,

third segment with a white band of the same width as the one pre-

ceding, replaced underneath as in the case of the second segment

by a band of less dense grey hairs, fourth joint with a similar but

less dense band on the ventral surface ; eyes not emarginate ; wings

totally infuscate ; intermediate and posterior tibize without spines.

Length 10 mm.

Resembles M. byblis, but is at once distinguished by the narrower

thorax and abdomen, which is also not so ovate, the colour of the

thorax, and the absence of spines on the tibie.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Stellenbosch), Port Elizabeth.

MvutvI“LLA ALCITHOR.

Entirely black, with the exception of the mesothorax and the

scutellum which are red and covered with long, moderately dense

greyish hairs; head broader than long, and equal in width to the

prothorax, rounded laterally from a short distance behind the eyes

which are not emarginate; it is closely punctured; prothorax and

mesothorax and also the scutellum deeply punctured, the punctures

moderately broad, metathorax declivous behind covered with deep,

closely set foveze with the intervals raised, and sub-tuberculate

laterally ; abdomen similar in shape, sculpture, and clothing to the

two preceding species; intermediate tibize only with a double row

of spines. Length 11 mm.

The shape of the abdomen is like that of MZ. byblis, but the petiole

of the first segment is not quite so dilated; in the shape and sculp-

ture of the thorax it approximates more that of MW. phylira.

Hab, Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

MutTI“LA EGERIA.

This species resembles very much M. alcithoé and M. capensis. It

is of the same size as the latter, and the sculpture and shape of

the abdomen are similar, but the thorax is entirely red in M. capensis,

whereas in MW. egeria the thorax is black with the dorsal part of the

mesothorax and the scutellum red; from M. alcithoé, in which

the colouration of the thorax is similar, it differs in the shape of the

head, which is much more elongated behind the eyes, the cheeks are

84 Annals of the South African Museum.

not so straight, nor are they aculeate at tip, and the eyes are not pro-

jecting ; it is also much smaller. Length 74 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA PROCNE.

Black, set with long black hairs, turning to greyish on the legs and

on the under part, prothorax totally red; head sub-quadrate, a little

broader behind the eyes, which are not emarginate, very roughly and

thickly punctured and a little broader than the prothorax ; prothorax

and mesothorax and also the scutellum closely and roughly punctured,

metathorax dehiscent, gradually attenuate towards the apex, covered

with moderately deep, but closely set fovez, the intervals of which

are sharp, raised, and sub-tuberculiform ; abdomen as in the three

preceding species, the silky white bands on the second and third

segments are also very noticeable underneath, carina under the first

segment hardly sharp at each end; intermediate and posterior tibiz

with one series of spines, basal joint of hind tarsi broadly dilated,

compressed, sinuate inwardly, and truncate diagonally at apex; wings

fuscous. Length 17 mm.

Easily distinguished by the shape of the basal joint of the hind

tarsi.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), Zambesia (Salisbury).

MUutTILLA ATHIS.

Black, densely covered with long greyish hairs, mesothorax and

scutellum very dark ferruginous-red; head nearly twice as wide as

the length of the vertex, slightly produced behind the eyes and with

the sides diagonal behind, as broad as the thorax at its widest part ;

eyes prominent, ovate, not emarginate, vertex very closely and deeply

punctured ; prothorax much rounded and produced in a sharp angle

laterally, mesothorax with four longitudinal grooves and covered, like

the scutellum, with closely set punctures, metathorax short, very

dehiscent, gradually attenuate behind in the shape of a truncate

pyramid and covered with closely set fovez, the intervals of which

are very slightly tuberculiform ; first abdominal segment long, petio-

late, aculeate laterally at base, covered like the second one with

elongate spots with smooth, moderately raised intervals, basal part

of both segments fringed with a narrow band of silky orange hairs,

third segment also with a band of orange hairs of the same width as

the one on the second segment ; abdominal carina serrulate ; tibize

without spines; wings subhyaline for two-thirds of the length,

infuseate at tip. Length 114 mm.

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 85

No other South African species known to me with long, petiolate

basal abdominal segment has the prothorax rounded in front and

aculeate laterally as the present species.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MUTILLA DEIOPEIA.

Black, covered with a dense greyish villosity and a short pubescence

of the same colour on the head and thorax; antenne and legs sub-

rufescent; head very closely punctured, narrowed diagonally from

behind the eyes, which are large and not emarginate ; thorax deeply

and irregularly punctured, the punctures broader and deeper on the

metathorax, which is very declivous behind, one-fourth broader than

long, and rounded laterally at the basal part of the declivity ; abdo-

men with a dark cyaneous tinge, first segment covered with closely

set, broad punctures, second segment very closely and finely punc-

tured, the punctures hardly elongate and with no raised intervals, the

silky white band on the third segment a little wider than that of the

second ; ventral carina of the first segment hardly truncate at apex,

second one with a raised line reaching from the base to about the

median part ; tibiz without spines. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

MUTILLA CAPENSIS, Sauss.,

Reis. der Novara. Hymenopt., p. 107, pl. iv., fig. 64.

Black, with the prothorax and mesothorax, and also the scutellum

red; antenne and legs piceous red; head a little broader than the

thorax, nearly twice as broad as long, very roughly punctured, eyes

large, not emarginate; prothorax aculeate laterally and slightly sinuate

behind the sharp projection, mesothorax with two longitudinal,

median grooves, metathorax regularly attenuate behind and strongly

dehiscent ; the upper part is roughly and closely punctured, and the

punctures on the metathorax much broader and deeper than in the

prothorax and mesothorax; first segment of abdomen long, petiolate,

basal part of the first, second, and third segments with a narrow silky

white band, second segment covered with narrow, elongate, closely

set punctures ; ventral carina on the first segment truncate at apex,

the point sharp ; tibiz without spines; wings hyaline or nearly so at

base, infuscate at tip. Length 8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

The sculpture of the abdomen and the white pubescent bands are

exactly as in the female. I have specimens of both sexes caught wz

copuld.

86 Annals of the South African Museum.

MUTILEA IMITATRIX, Smith,

New Species of Hymenopt., 1879, p. 194.

Black, covered with long, dense, whitish hairs, intermingled with

black ones, first and second abdominal segments bright red; head

and thorax clothed with a slightly flavescent pubescence, very thick

on the scutellum ; head with large eyes hardly emarginate, slightly

broader than the thorax, space between the eyes and the outer angle

moderate, posterior angle rounded; suture of the prothorax and meso-

thorax deeply marked, mesothorax very convex, scutellum also very

convex, tegule very small, metathorax sloping, moderately quadrate ;

abdomen petiolate, with the basal joint moderately long and covered

with elongate punctures like the second one, and with no trace of

whitish patch or band, second segment with a narrow black band at

apex, fourth and fifth segments clothed with a white band; ventral

carina of first segment produced in a long median spine, second

segment with a sharp, median carina reaching to about half the

length; tibia spinose. Length 84 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), both sexes.

MuTILLA SEMELE.

Rufo-testaceous, abdomen with the exception of the first basal

segment and the apical one fuscous black, legs flavescent, the whole

body covered with long, villous, pallid hairs; head small, with the

eyes very large, prominent and not emarginate, nearly the whole of

the vertical part occupied by the ocelli, which are very large and very

convex, punctures hardly discernible ; antennz moderately long and

thick, but filiform; thorax rugulose, mesothorax with two median

longitudinal grooves, metathorax deeply and closely foveate ; first

segment of abdomen long, petiolate, and with a narrow fuscous band

at the apex, ventral carina reaching from base to apex and serrulate,

second segment punctulate and fuscous like the three following;

tibie without spines; wings hyaline, the stigma and apical part of

the fore wings slightly fuscous ; they have only one cubital cell well

defined, no recurrent nervure, no discoidal or apical cell, and the

third submarginal one is not closed. Length 8-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon).

Resembles W. pedunculata, Klug, from Egypt and Arabia.

MUTILLA THISBE.

Allied to the preceding species, but very ight testaceous and with

the apex of the first and second segments narrowly marginate with

fuscous, third segment entirely fuscous; sculpture, vestiture, and

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 87

shape of M. semele; the basal segment is equally long and slender,

but the node is not quite so thick and the abdomen is a little more

elongato-ovate ; legs without spines; neuration and colour of wings

as in M. semele. Length 8-114 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon, Namaqualand).

MutTILLA AMALTHEA,

Head and thorax bluish black, metathorax dark cyaneous, abdo-

men distinctly cyaneous, legs and antenne black, tegule dark

ferruginous ; pubescence dense, greyish black ; head small, very

rugose in front, closely punctured behind, eyes moderately large

and slightly emarginate; prothorax and mesothorax, and also the

scutellum, deeply and closely punctured, mesothorax with two

median, longitudinal grooves, metathorax foveate, and with a broad

groove reaching from the base to one-fourth of the length, smooth

and with the sides marginate; abdominal segments closely punctured,

the punctures on the second segment deep and broad, median part

of the second and third segments with a smooth, depressed narrow

line, basal segment a little elongate but not subpedunculate, ventral

carina of first segment aculeate behind; the whole abdomen is clothed

with dark hairs; tibiz non-spinose; legs clothed with a slightly

brownish villosity; antenne thick, joints slightly marginate in the

upper margin, and a little ampliate underneath; wings entirely

infuscate. Length 104-12 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

MUTILLA GORGE,

Entirely similar to M. amalthea in shape and sculpture; the

antenne are also thick and the joints alike, the colour is also blue-

black on the head and thorax, but the mesothorax, scutellum, and

tegulz are red, and the former has also two very distinct longitudinal

median grooves ; the abdomen is cyaneous, clothed with black villous

hairs, and similarly punctured ; the wings are totally infuscate, and

the ventral carina of the first segment is identical in shape. Length

12 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

MvtTI“LbLA ACIDALIA.

Black, clothed with a dense black pubescence except on the vertex

of the head and the prothorax where the pubescence is golden-yellow,

third dorsal segment of abdomen nearly entirely covered by a silky

white band; head small, very rugose, eyes large, ovate, not emar-

88 Annals of the South African Museum.

ginate ; thorax very rugose, mesothorax with four distinct longitudinal

grooves and produced behind in each side in a blunt, dentiform,

horizontal process, not grooved on the upper part; metathorax

transverse, slightly rounded laterally at apex, scrobiculate ; first basal

segment short, petiolate, frimged with a band of white hairs, ventral

carina sharp, truncate at apex, second segment deeply and closely

punctured in the anterior part and laterally, the ventral part with a

very distinct sharp median carina reaching nearly to the apex, and a

less conspicuous and much shorter one on each side, third dorsal

segment with a broad silky white band hardly reaching the sides ;

tibiae without spines ; wings fuscous, but with a sub-violaceous tinge.

Length 14-16 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester), Port

Elizabeth.

Allied to MW. Godefredi, Rados. and Sich., but easily distinguished

by the yellow pubescence clothing the vertex of the head and the

prothorax, the presence of three ventral carine on the second seg-

ment of the abdomen, and the absence of an apical white silky patch

on the dorsal part of the thorax, the non-interrupted white band on

the third abdominal segment, and also the more carinate process of

the scutellum.

MUTILLA SPECULATRIX, Smith,

New Species of Hymenoptera, p. 194.

Black, with the sides of the mesothorax and an interrupted band

on the third segment of abdomen clothed with a white pubescence,

first and second segment of abdomen red ; head thickly clothed with

short, dense white and black hairs, eyes large, emarginate ; mandibles

arcuate, very slightly incised at tip; thorax rugose, mesothorax with

two very distinct median grooves, and slightly tuberculate alongside

the tegule, post-scutellum clothed with a white pubescence, meta-

thorax rounded behind, sub-carinate laterally, foveate ; wings purplish

for two-thirds of the length, sub-hyaline at base; abdomen closely

punctured, intervals smooth, band on third segment narrowly inter-

rupted in the centre; ventral carina of first segment long, sharp,

twice incised ; tibiz without any spines. Length 84-10} mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town).

MutTILLA TYRO.

Shape, size, and colour of M. cloantha, but the mesothorax is not

clothed with greyish or sub-flavescent hairs, and the post-scutellary

region and the base of the metathorax are clothed with a dense, silky

subflavescent pubescence; the metathorax has a broad, median groove,

Some New or Inttle Known South African Mutillide. 89

reaching from the base to the median part, not highly carinate

laterally and ending in an aculeate tubercle; the third segment only

of the abdomen is banded with white, and the spurs of the tibiz are

white.

This species is closely allied to M. charaxes, Sm., from Guinea ;

it has also no white or subflavescent pubescence on the prothorax,

and only one band on the third abdominal segment, but in M. tyro the

metathorax is clothed at base with a thick pubescence, and the groove

is neither so long nor so aculeate, nor is it carinate laterally; the

abdominal band is not interrupted in the centre. Length 144 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth ; Uitenhage).

MutTILLA CLOANTHA.

Black, with the first segment of abdomen totally red, second seg-

ment also red but with an apical narrow black margin, body covered

with a dense pubescence, greyish white on the frontal part and the

prothorax, band on the abdomen silvery white; head transverse,

straight laterally behind, eyes moderately large, deeply emarginate,

punctures broad, closely set, antennze massive; thorax deeply and

closely punctured, prothorax clothed with a dense greyish white

pubescence, mesothorax with two median distinct grooves and two

supra-lateral ones less defined, tegule very large, piceous red,

scutellum convex, slightly emarginate behind, metathorax deeply

foveate and having at about the median part two small transverse

ridges more or less aculeate and not connected with the base by a

groove ; first and second segments of abdomen very roughly sha-

sreened, third basal segment only clothed with a silky white band ;

abdominal carina of the first segment produced in a long vertical

tooth at apex; tibiz not spinose; wings infuscate from a short

distance from the base. Length 13-134 mm.

The difference between this species and M. exaltata, Sm., con-

sists in the absence of a pubescent band on the fourth segment ;

the metathorax of the latter has no median groove, and the trans-

verse carina is somewhat bifid and not much developed.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Kowie).

MutTILLA HERMIONE.

Black, clothed with whitish villose hairs; mesothorax and

scutellum red, tegule piceous red; head very rugose, transverso-

quadrate, not rounded laterally behind, slightly broader than the

prothorax at apex and having two median longitudinal narrow

grooves in the posterior part; mesothorax, scutellum, and sides

punctulate, metathorax declivous, a little attenuate and rounded

90 Annals of the South African Museum.

laterally behind ; abdomen neither pedunculate nor petiolate, first

abdominal segment with a basal lateral spine, and _ closely

punctured like the following ones, punctures moderately deep,

narrow and with smooth intervals, the whitish bands on the three

basal segments very narrow; eyes slightly emarginate; ventral

carina, abrupt and sharp at tip, denticulate in the middle; legs

without spines; wings slightly infuscate from one-third of the

length to the apex. Length 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hope Town), Port Elizabeth.

MuTILLA APPIAS.

Black, densely covered with a greyish villosity; head nearly

as broad as the prothorax, diagonally attenuate behind the eyes

which are large, not emarginate; prothorax, mesothorax and scu-

tellum roughly shagreened, metathorax short, very declivous,

nearly twice as broad as long with the basal part of the declivity

rounded, red, and covered with broad, deep punctures, broader and

with the intervals raised in the median part, prothorax with a broad

band of dense whitish hairs covering nearly the whole of the surface ;

first abdominal segment moderately long but distinctly petiolate,

subfoveate, second segment closely punctured, the punctures deeper

and sub-elongate in the anterior part, while the posterior part and

also the sides are only deeply aciculate; ventral ridge of the first

abdominal segment sharp, truncate and sub-aculeate at apex ; tibie

without spines; wings totally infuscate. Length 103-14 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth),

Natal (Estcourt).

MuTrI“LLA CINCHREIS.

Black, clothed with dense, short, villous black hairs, dorsal part

of abdomen with a faint, dark cyaneous tinge; antenne and legs

opaque black, the joints of the latter thick and sub-acute inwardly at

tip; head rugose, eyes deeply emarginate; mesothorax with two deep,

median longitudinal grooves, metathorax more broadly and deeply

punctured than the prothorax mesothorax and sides, declivous

behind and rounded laterally ; first abdominal segment short, not

petiolate, the segments following closely punctured, the apical bands

on the first and second segments narrow, the one on the third seg-

ment broad and nearly clothing the whole of it; ventral carina of

first segment short, truncate at tip, both ends sharp; tibis without

spines; wings infuscate all over. Length 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester, Port Elizabeth).

M. deiopeia is the South African species, the description of which

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide. 91

would agree most with that of MW. cinchreis ; but the latter is more

robust, the antennz are very much longer and thicker, the first

abdominal segment is short and not petiolate, the second segment

and following are more pyriform, and the ventral part of the second

segment has no carina.

M. HIPPOLYTE.

Black, abdomen with a faint dark-blue tinge, tegule red ;

head and thorax clothed with long, dense, sub-flavescent hairs,

abdominal bands orange-yellow; head transverse, rugose, straight

laterally behind the eyes which are slightly emarginate; thorax

rugose, mesothorax with two longitudinal grooves, metathorax with

the posterior angles rounded; abdomen sessile, band on the first

segment overlapping the base of the second, which is covered with

short, elongate, densely set punctures, and has on each side a narrow

band reaching a quarter of the width, third segment covered with a

broad band interrupted in the centre; ventral carina of first segment

truncate and aculeate at base ; wings infuscate throughout. Length

11 mm.

Allied to M. tecmessa, but differs by the colour of the thorax,

which is entirely black with the tegule red, whereas in MW.

tecmessa the dorsal part of the prothorax and mesothorax and the

scutellum are red, the second segment of the abdomen is covered with

small, closely set, elongate punctures instead of moderately deep,

round, non-confluent ones, the abdomen is nearly black instead of

cyaneous, the apical band on the second segment is very broadly

interrupted instead of reaching from side to side, and the ventral

carina of the first segment is more truncate and more aculeate at base.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Calvinia).

MuTILLA NYCTIMENE.

Totally black, clothed with black and white hairs; head closely

punctured, the hairs in the anterior part and along the posterior

part silvery white, eyes not emarginate ; thorax closely and

deeply punctured, the punctures on the metathorax broader and

deeper, mesothorax covered with a dense, greyish white pubescence,

mesothorax with two longitudinal grooves not very apparent, scu-

tellum raised, convex, post-scutellum with a small fascicle of white

hairs, metathorax with the posterior angles rounded ; abdomen sub-

petiolate, all the segments finely shagreened, basal joint with a

narrow, apical silvery white band, second segment with a broad,

somewhat rounded pubescent white patch placed in the middle of

the basal part and reaching to about the median part, apical

92 Annals of the South African Musewn.

marginal band narrower than the one on the third segment which

clothes it entirely ; ventral carina of first segment, short, sinuate,

sharply aculeate at apex, second one with a distinct median carina

reaching from the base to the median part; tibiz without spines ;

wings totally infuscate. Length 13 mm.

Hab. Gambesia (Umfuli River).

MUTILLA PROSERPINA.

Black, with the thorax bright red, and the spots and bands

on the abdomen sub-flavescent ; head transverse, nearly straight

laterally, arcuate behind, twice as broad as the thorax, roughly and

closely punctured, frontal tubercles distinct, eyes set forward ; thorax

without any noticeable suture between the prothorax and mesothorax,

tegule very small, almost rudimentary, no wings, scutellum hardly

defined, metathorax ampliate, as wide as the prothorax, rounded

laterally behind; abdomen sub-pyriform, sub-sessile, second seg-

ment with two median rounded spots equidistant from base and

apex, third segment with a sub-flavescent band, apical segment

pubescent, and spines long; ventral carina of first segment truncate

at both ends ; tibiae with a double series of spines. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Beaufort West).

The general appearance is that of a female with thorax constricted

laterally in the median part; the almost rudimentary tegule tend

to prove that the disappearance of the wings is not accidental. I

have, however, seen one example only.

MUTILLA ERINNYS.

Male.—Black, with the prothorax, mesothorax and the scutellum

red ; head moderately small, scrobiculate, transverse on the vertex,

with the eyes distinctly emarginate; prothorax and mesothorax

foveate, tegule of the same colour, mesothorax without any longi-

tudinal grooves, scutellum distinctly carinate laterally, the carine

projecting in a sharp tooth beyond the median part which is declivous

and has a narrow incision in the middle separating it in two short

lobes, metathorax with two deep, broad, smooth depressions close to

the post-scutellum, declivous at base with the posterior angles pro-

duced in a long carinate and triangular process ; abdomen sessile,

closely punctured, the punctures on the second segment not so closely

set and leaving a narrow, nearly smooth median interval with a

narrow, longitudinal line, first segment with a quadrate, sub-

lateral white patch, third and fourth segments with a moderately

broad band extending on each side from the side to two-fifths

of the width; this band is, however, narrower on the fourth

than on the third segment; ventral carina of the first joint in

Some New or Little Known South African Mutillide.

the shape of a long incurved tooth, second joint also with a

median carina ending in a sharp, long, dentiform process at the

apex ; tibiae without spines; wings fuscous except at the extreme

base.

Hab.

Length 19 mm.

Transvaal (Barberton).

The dentiform process on the ventral surface of the second segment

of the abdomen is nearly similar to that of MW. calcariventris, Rados.

and Sich.

INDEX.

PAGE 4

AEMOENND, — GooudsoudnosonoonoccHsnc 46, 87 Canale merece acc seeseaceueetsecnes 38. “50

ACTISION Gm moeecececesssatsiencscce 42, 72 AEIOPCIA, Ghiscesvssiessceesvceteas 45, 85

ULAVC.scesesesecccseecsceersceesees 43, 76

AGIAE ... see eeee eee eeee erence tena ees 39, PRP TIB ie ey te catenins tees 45, 83

AULCISmeniee celclels elslclciele isis elelcreieleleisisiste 38, 53 ClECETE ee ee ate ot 39. 57

Melb MNOGscciescecwacisssereleincwiescce's 45, 83 erinnys ERR mene Wh Ce 5 e 47. 92

aleyone EL cintutela(sivie\sic/e'nreinine oviccaahinree 41, 66 erigone Pete een rare Ce Med Are By} ‘ 51

Allflalres), Goocoooteconsecnpcdonooo0ca 38, 52 eurydice re, SOE tx AE AN B} ; 50

SUMMA Geass ese cesesesese esac 45, 87 Alay Ee nie) en enn 38° 59

MaTOMMed a, hacteeneccceeceen ees 43, 74 é

natal coposcbécsosdnbonoanaocRgeaaGc 41, 64 palanthis. .dc.cclecoeccowocs a

SIMOME paeec ese: too vas seo ese n= 40, 60 ee ie sO

INDE OGYN Avera ceieceesce sels sec 35 ae en eee

DPPIAS ....ecceeeseeeeceeeececeres 46, 90 RCI a ae aaa oa ee!

HALE DIKE! sgpqogdeaaddaeooOOUUNOAGOr - 40, 62 Ysa ee ee ee es 43. 74

AYSINOE seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesereeeees 43, ia ETAT ee ae 4. 67

BELGE 2 /acnornstiasisessste=t=° +: seo Helle Weer Seas ois. ewer, 40, 58

SHAMS} GoonoaddosnensopooagcasooROGKT 45, 84 haar i On ae nS 46, 89

aC ae eee eee 39, 53 hippolyte ....-seseeeeeeeeee, 46, 91

peldoray Uae esaste eaatesoecenceosss 42, 72 Uybhia .......sssseeeeeeeeeeeees 39, 55

ereMiGe | chascoscsccuseseue roscoe 40, 58 IMIbABLIX veeeeeeee essere 86

HELO SME toe eaeee oon wabateseceeds 37, 48 mo eee eee ences eee eeceesesesceeeee 42, 71

LT a eee eee eer 44, 82 IIS) aeesedesecslacessacvseceeses 41, 65

GaMIPHOG Veewacscecse nesses cee: 39, 56 PAUOME Metre sce cnctessceceade 39, 54

GAMISUO) sasce sono eoaesecesieceesce ss 39, 57 IEG ayy Gen Gane BOOROCCER CCE DOCREr 41, 64

CALYPSO .....2cecereeeeceeeeeereces 42, 70

CAPENSIS ...eseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 45, 85 FINAN] Ey sissies sae enesvleniencciesees 44, 81

GAPICOlA ...00s-eceeeesserveeeee 37, 47 aaVeee(2Ve2 | « Ge apesdoormdesdeeeeeece 44, 80

CASSIOPC ...0.eceeseeeneeeeeeeres 41, 62 ‘TOVE] einey Ganeacer obscoCuUagnosoatac 40, 61

GEO) dboncosogcopasnodanooouooGcKgS 41, 65 Mel]lpOMENeE ........eeeeeeeeeees 41, 66

PMMOTAVS, GooeooopeabodoososccoNEKbNE 44, 79 TIM SIMOSIMESsceicsiceceeisasariies 44, 81

GINGHTCIS! cjakcsnasssceesease sees 46, 90 mnemosina (Apterogyna) ... 36

CITGO Satan hoe sdebnesdencs abate Al, 67 IVE DTETA. “sec caensesece closer vrenes 37

climene (Apterogyna) ...... 36, 66

ClOATIGNS, wasaccaseseeesssteeseses 46, 89 ra Co) 0]: eee 42, 72

lou Ope cceecec.cres-sscccwsncos 44, 80 NYCtLMENE «-seeeerreeeeeeerees 46, 91

cybele (Apterogyna) ......... 35,

CYCIPPC.....ceeeeeerereseereeeeers 43, 77 omphale .......eseeeeeeeeeseees 41, 63

94 Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

AMG OMA Mosssccceceeensrorscones 43, 78

TOIKEET) “ing SobeuncocodebouuosnaSonOD AS ate

IAS YPM AC veces ssc ceceeete 42, 73

PCNCLOPO aacse shes donne scenseeae 42, 70

JOG (5) Soconadsoce nbeononpEccacnaene AD Te

PELSOM MONE Wa cccccescmcsepcso cess 42, 69

[Olany buirsh SAaneogd Oo aseEeEaapeenecee 44, 82

TOI S21 YO" AacoohbedaadcosnonneEnen 39, 51

TOROCMKE conaaqnadasasnoconosdoaeods 45, 84

WLOSELPIN Ae ssseseeeceeweccors 47, 92

JORUUR OURAN, Goadogossosoncucooode 40, 60

BEMICLO Ta taeeaseseuesensecesesetes 45, 86

Bpecllatrixe peo aenteceneemenen 46, 88

SV LTIIK Aowiscisem cece cteawisecirstlateitere 37, 48

TAY ZEEE a racscscceceecsearcenns 40, 61

TIGIGIYESEE) gopoaqopandoaaaacadcoDKd 40, 58

EOGPSICMONE) -.us.0c.caseecseceee 43, 77

GEMS eeeecetaecct tes tsccesieaee 42, 68

Ulsbk=|OYS" Goeonaqanoooepacusodoodddso 45, 86

GINVAIS em senecn cere acacsorcce saa 42, 71

GHWOTE seaieceassceemenecctccscocs 41, 63

{ISTP HONE eeccwesecoscneaessaeesen 44, 78

UN Ae). aeGndo adsoodecceccdaT anoaccnnn 46, 88

(95 )

III.—List of the Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa, with

Descriptions of New Species.—By W. L. Scuatsr, M.A., F.Z.S.,

Director. (With Plate V.)

THE following list of Reptiles has been compiled from Mr.

Boulenger’s catalogues of the British Museum collection, to which

in each case a reference has been given, as well as to the original

author of the specific name.

The species described since the publication of the catalogues have

been added in their proper places, together with the reference to the

original description.

The definition of South Africa as used in this list is Africa south

of the Cunene River on the west, and of the Zambesi on the east,

and therefore includes the whole of German South-West Africa, that

part of the Chartered Company’s territory and of Portuguese Hast

Africa which les south of the Zambesi, the Republics, and the

Colonies.

On the whole this forms the most convenient boundary for our

purpose, as it corresponds to what is politically considered to be

included in South Africa, and although not a natural faunistic

boundary, is easier to deal with than the tropic of Capricorn, which

is the one often adopted.

Following the list will be found descriptions of a new species of

Snake, Lizard, and Frog, the latter necessitating the formation of a

new genus ; these specimens have been compared with their nearest

allies in the British Museum, and my best thanks are due to Mr.

Boulenger for great help and assistance in this matter.

The following table shows the number of types or cotypes in the

South African Museum, and the numbers of species in the Museum

as compared with the total number found in South Africa.

96 Annals of the South African Musewm.

An asterisk prefixed to a species in the list indicates that it is not

represented in the Museum.

No. of No. of No. of Species | Total number

Types or Species in oti in South

Cotypes. S.A. Museum. | §.A. Museum. Africa.

Ola elon aiarrvamvsciewsiusies i Wy 2 19

Himydosauria .......... 0) 1 0) it

Oooh, Soo aepeeco na coc 3 64 16 80

ILM CEH Ss Sabiacodoou le 5 87 31 | 118

Batrachilaertencoemeiteeiee aL 22, 11 33

Ota er earacces 10 191 60 251

PART I.—LIST.

CHELONIA.

Famity I.—SPHARGIDA.

1. Dermochelys coriacea (Linn.) ; Cat. Chel., p. 10.—One specimen

recently stranded in Table Bay, and presented to the

Museum by Mr. P. C. Keytel.

Faminy II.—TESTUDINIDA.

. Cinixys belliana Gray; Cat. Chel., p. 143.—A tropical African

species recently obtained for the South African Museum

from Mazoe, in Mashonaland, by Mv. J. ff. Darling.

. Homopus areolatus (Thunberg) ; Cat. Chel., p. 147.

. Homopus femoralis Bouleng. ; Cat. Chel., p. 147.

. Homopus signatus (Walbaum); Cat. Chel., p. 148.

. Testudo calcarata Schneid.; Cat. Chel., p. 159.

. Testudo pardalis Bell; Cat. Chel., p. 160.

. Testudo geometrica Linn. ; Cat. Chel., p. 162.

&© (os) ~] (op) On lane (5%)

. Testudo verreauxi Smith; Cat. Chel., p. 163.—The Museum

possesses one shell of this apparently rare form from near

Beaufort West.

10.

18:

tg:

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. on

Testudo triment Bouleng.; Cat. Chel., p. 163.—The cotype of

this species obtained by the Rey. G. H. R. Fisk from the

mouth of the Orange River is in the South African Museum.

. Lestudo tentoria Bell; Cat. Chel., p. 164.

. Lestudo smith Bouleng.; Cat. Chel., p. 165.

. Lestudo fiskii Bouleng. ; Cat. Chel., p. 165.

. Testudo oculifera Kuhl; Cat, Chel., p. 165.

. Testudo angulata Schweigg. ; Cat. Chel., p. 178.

Faminty II].—CHELONIDA.

Chelone imbricata (Linn.); Cat. Chel., p. 183.—The Hawksbill

is not common on the South African coast; one specimen

from False Bay, presented by Mr. C. A. Fairbridge, is in

the Museum.

Thalasso chelys caretta (Linn.); Cat. Chel., p. 184.

Faminy [V.—PELOMEDUSIDA.

Sterno therus sinuatus Smith; Cat. Chel., p. 194.

Pelomedusa galeata (Schoepff.) ; Cat. Chel., p. 197.

EKMYDOSAURIA.

Faminty 1.—CROCODILIDA.

. Crocodilus niloticus Laur, ; Cat. Chel., p. 283.

OR EEDA

Panny YP En OPMD An

. Typhlops braminus (Daud.); Cat. Sn. i. p. 16.

. Typhlops verticalis (Smith); Cat. Sn. i. p. 32.—The Museum

possesses two specimens of this apparently rare ground

snake, from Malmsbury, in the western part of the Colony,

and from Delagoa Bay respectively.

“3. Typhlops auchietae Bocage; Cat. Sn. i. p. 40.

. Lyphlops mossambicus (Peters); Cat. Sn. i. p. 41.

14.

Annals of the South African Museum.

. Typhlops bibronii (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 44.

. Typhlops schlegelii Bianconi; Cat. Sn. i. p. 44; Boulenger, Ann.

Mag. N. H. (6) ii. p. 139.

. Typhlops delalandii Schleg. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 45.

. Typhlops mucroso (Peters) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 46.

. Typhlops schinzi Boettg.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 47.—-The Museum

possesses a specimen of this snake obtained in Namaqua-

land. i

Famity II.—GLAUCONIIDA.

. Glaucoma distanti Bouleng.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 62.

. Glaucoma mgricans (Schleg.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 67.

. Glauconia conjuncta (Jan); Cat. Sn. i. p. 67.

Glauconia scutifrons (Peters); Cat. Sn. i. p. 68.

Faminy IJJ.—BOIDi.

Python sebae (Gmel.); Cat. Sn. i. p. 86.

Faminty IV.-—COLUBRIDA.

Sus-Famity I.—COLUBRINA.

Tropidonotus olivaceus (Peters); Cat. Sn. i. p. 227.—Of this

species, which has been hitherto only known from tropical

Africa, the Museum has recently acquired a specimen from

Salisbury, in Mashonaland, presented by Mr. G. A. K.

Marshall.

. Ablabophis rufulus (Licht.) ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 318.

. Lamprophis awrora (Linn.); Cat. Sn. i. p. 321.

. Lamprophis inoratus Dum. and Bibr.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 321.

. Lamprophis fiskii Bouleng.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 322.

. Lamprophis fuscus Bouleng.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 322.

to)

. Boodon infernalis Giinth.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 330

. Boodon guttatus (Smith); Cat. Sn. i p. 331.—Of this species,

of which the type is no longer in the British Museum, the

28.

33.

34,

23)9)

36.

37.

38.

39.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. 99

South African Museum possesses an example from the

neighbourhood of Cape Town, obtained some years ago,

but only recently identified.

. Boodon lineatus Dum, and Bibr.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 332.

. Boodon mentalis Giinth. ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 335.

. Lycophidiwm capense (Smith); Cat. Sn. i. p. 339,

Simocephalus capensis (Smith); Cat. Sn. i. p. 345.

. Simocephalus nyasse Giinth.; Cat. Sn. i. p. 347.—The Museum

possesses examples of this snake from Natal and from

Delagoa Bay, which extend the range of the species

southward from East Africa, where it has been only

hitherto known

Lycodon aulicus (Linn.); Cat. Sn. i. p. 8352.—There is a specimen

of this common Indian snake in the Museum, obtained from

Delagoa Bay. It is not improbable that it has been brought

thither by artificial means.

. Pseudaspis cana (Linn.); Cat. Sn. i. p. 373.

. Chlorophis hoplogaster (Giinth.); Cat. Sn. i. p. 93.

. Chlorophis natalensis (Smith); Cat. Sn. i. p. 94.

Chlorophis irregqularis (Leach); Cat. Sn. ii. p. 96.—The Museum

possesses two examples of this snake, hitherto recorded

only from tropical Africa, obtained in Mashonaland by

My. J. ff. Darling.

Philothamnus senuvariegetus (Smith); Cat. Sn. i. p. 99.

Prosymna sundevallii (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. u, p. 247.

Prosymna frontalis (Peters); Cat. Sn. ii. p. 248.

Homolosoma lutrix (Linn.); Cat. Sn. 11. p. 274.

Homolosoma variegatum Peters; Cat. Sn. i. p. 276.

Grayta lubrica, sp. noy. (see below).

SuB-FAmILy II.-_RHACHIODONTIN A.

Dasypeltis scabra (Linn.); Cat. i. p. 354.

100

40.

41.

42.

43.

Ld.

45,

46.

47.

*48,

49.

59.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Sup-Faminy IIT.—DIPSADOMORPHIN #.

Pythonodipsas carinata Giinth. ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 45.

Tarbophis semiannulatus (Smith); Cat. Sn. ii. p. 51.—This

snake does not appear to have been hitherto recorded from

South Africa. The Museum possesses specimens from

Barberton, in the Transvaal, and from Delagoa Bay,

presented by Dr. P. Rendal and Mr. J. de Costa,

respectively.

Leptodira hotambeta (Laur.); Cat. Sn. ii. p. 89.

Amplorhinus multimaculatus Smith; Cat. Sn. i. p. 125.

Trimerorhinus rhombeatus (Linn.); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 138.

Trimerorhinus triteniatus (Giinth.) ; Cat. Sn. iii, p. 139.

Rhamphiophis multimaculatus (Smith); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 148.

Psammophis notostictus Peters; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 156.

Psammophis trigranmmus Giinth ; Cat. Sn. i. p. 159.

Psammophis sibilans (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii, p. 161.—This snake,

which is found in tropical Africa and Egypt extends south-

wards to Mashonaland, whence the Museum has received

specimens, The allied form found in the Colony is assigned

by Mr. Boulenger to P. nostostictus.

. Psammoplhis furcatus Peters: Cat. Sn. ii. p. 164.

. Psammophis brevirostris Peters ; Cat. Sn. iil. p. 166.

. Psammophis crucifer Boie; Cat. Sn. i. p. 169.

. Psammophis jalle, Peracca, Bol.; Mus. Turin xi. No. 225

[Rhodesia] .

Thelotornis kirtlandi (Hallow.) ; Cat. Sn. in. p. 185.

Dispholidus typus (Smith); Cat. Sn. ii. p. 187.

. Calamelaps concolor (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 246.

. Macrelaps microlepidotus (Giinth.) ; Cat. Sn. ili. p. 255.

. Aparallactus capensis Smith ; Cat. Sn. ii. p. 259.

Susp-Faminy IV.—HYDROPHIIN AS.

Hydrus platurus (Linn.); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 267.—This sea-snake

has been caught in both Table and False Bays.

60.

“61.

63.

64.

“60.

66.

67.

68.

69.

*70,

“ae

72.

73.

74.

79.

Uley

78.

19:

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. 101

Sus-Famity V.—ELAPINA.

Elapechis decosteri (Bouleng.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 360.—Of this

species the Museum possesses the original typefrom Delagoa

Bay, presented by Mr. J. de Costa.

Elapechis sundevallii (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 360.

. Nava haie (Linn.); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 374.—This, the tropical

African form of cobra, extends as far south as Delagoa Bay,

from whence the South African Museum is indebted for a

specimen to Mr. J. de Costa.

Naia flava (Merr.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 376.—This is the commonest

form of cobra, and is found throughout the Colony.

Nava mgricollis Reinh. ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 378.—This is the cobra

of Natal and the east coast.

Nava auchiete Bocage ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 387.

Sepedon hemachates (Lacép.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 389.

Aspidelaps lubricus (Laur.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 390.

Aspidelaps scutatus (Smith); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 391.

Homorelaps lacteus (Linn.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 409.—This, the garter

snake, is better known under its old name of Hlaps hygee.

Homorelaps dorsalis (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 410.

Dendraspis angusticeps (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 437.

Famity V.—VIPERIDA.

Causus rhombeatus (Lichtenst.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 467.

Causus defilippii (Jan) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 469.

Bitis arietans (Merr.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 493.

Bitis peringueyt (Bouleng.); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 495.—The type

of the species obtained near Walfisch Bay, is in the South

African Museum, presented by Mr. L. Péringuey.

Bitis atropos (Linn.); Cat. Sn. iii. p. 495.

Bitis inornata (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 496.

itis cornuta (Daud.) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 497.

Bitis caudalis (Smith) ; Cat. Sn. iii. p. 498.

*30)

Oo ox ® w

*18;

Annals of the South African Museum.

Bitis gabonica (Dum. and Bibr.) ; Cat. Sn. ii. p, 499.

Atractaspis bibronii (Smith) ; Cat. Sn, ii. p. 515.

LACERTILIA.

Faminy I.—GECKONIDA.

. Chondrodactylus weit Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1887, p. 340.

. Chondrodactylus angulifer Peters ; Cat. Liz. i, p. 11.

. Ptenopus garrulus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 15.

. Phyllodactylus porphyreus (Daud.) ; Cat, Liz. i. p. 87.

. Phyllodactylus lineatus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 92.

. Edura africana Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) ii., 1888, p. 137.

—The Museum possesses one of the original specimens

described by Mr. Boulenger from Namaqualand, presented

by Mr. R. Nightingale.

CHdura mvaria Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 608, pl.

xlvii. fig. 1.

Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnés); Cat. Liz. i. p. 122,

. Lygodactylus capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 160.

. Homopholis wahlbergu (Smith); Cat. Liz. i. p. 191.

. Homopholis macrolepis Bouleng.; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 489.—The

cotype of this species from Delagoa Bay is in the South

African Museum

. Pachydactylus bibronw (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 201.

. Pachydactylus capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 202.

. Pachydactylus formosus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 203.

. Pachydactylus rugosus Smith; Cat. Liz. 1. p. 204.

Pachydactylus ocellatus (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz. i p. 205,

. Pachydactylus maculatus Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 206.

Pachydactylus mentomarginatus Smith; Cat. Liz. i. p. 207,

. Pachydactylus mariquensis Smith ; Cat. Liz. i. p, 207.

30.

36.

37.

38.

Taos

*40.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. 103

20. Pachydactylus fasciatus Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) ii.

1888, p. 138.—The Museum possesses the cotype of this

species, described by Mr. Boulenger, from Namaqualand.

. Pachydactylus affinis Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvi.

p. 21 (1896)

. Pachydactylus levigatus Fischer, J. B. Hamb, Wiss. Anst.

vy. 1885, p. 15.

23. Colopus wahlberqu Peters ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 208.

. EHlasmodactylus namaquensis ; sp. nov. (see below).

. Lthoptropus afer Peters ; Cat, iz. ips 217.

. Lhoptropus ocellatus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. ii. p, 490.

Faminy IJ].—AGAMID#.

. Agama hispida (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 349.

. Agama brachyuia Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. 1. p. 350.

. Agama aculeata Merr.; Cat. Liz. 1. p. 351.

. Agama armata Peters ; Cat. Liz. 1. p. 352.

. Agama atra Daud. ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 352.

. Agama planiceps Peters ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 358.

. Agama atricollis Smith ; Cat Liz. i. p. 358.

. Agama mnucroterolepis Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvu.

p. 22 (1896) [Transvaal] .

Famity III.—ZONURIDA.

Zonurus giganteus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 253.

Zonurus cataphractus (Boie); Cat. Liz. 11. p. 255.

Zonurus cordylus (Linn.); Cat. Liz. ii. p. 256.

Zonurus polyzonus (Smith); Cat. Liz, 1. p. 257,

Zonurus capensis (Smith); Cat. Liz. ii p, 258.

Zonurus jonesit Bouleng., Ann, Mag. N. H. (6) vu. p. 417

(1891) [Transvaal].

104

oy,

42.

43,

144,

45,

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Zonurus vittifer Reichenbach, Zool. Anz. 1887, p. 372 [Zulu-

land].

Pseudocordylus microlepidotus (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 259.

Platysawrus capensis Smith ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 261.—The Museum

possesses one example of this species from Victoria West,

obtained by Mr. R. M. Lightfoot; it appears to have been

hitherto known only from the unique type in the British

Museum.

Platysaurus guttatus Smith ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 262.

Chamesaura enea (Fitzing.); Cat, Liz. 1. p. 263.

Chamesaura didactyla Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 82,

pl xi figs:

Chamesaura anguina (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 264.

Chamesaura macrolepis (Cope) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 264.

Famity IV.—VARANIDA.

Varanus albigularis (Daud.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 307.

Varanus niloticus (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 317.

Faminy V.—AMPHISBAINIDZL,

. Anmphisbena violacea Peters ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 446.

*52.

Amphisbena quadrifrons Peters ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 447

. Monopeltis capensis Smith ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 455.

Faminy VI.—LACERTIDA.

. Tropidosawra montana (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 51,

. Nucras tessellata (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 52

. Nucras delalandw (M.-Edw.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 53.

. Ichnotropis capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i. p. 78.

. Ichnotropis squamulosa Peters ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 79.

. Hremias lugubris (Smith) ; Cat. Liz, i. p. 84.

. Erenias suborbitalis Peters ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 90.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. 105

61. Hremias namaquensis Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Liz. ili. p. 91.

“62. Hremias undata (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. ui. p. 92.

63. Hremias pulchella Gray ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 93.

*64, Hremias lineo-ocellata Dum. and Bibr.; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 94.

*65 Hremias burchellii Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p 95.

66. Hrenuas capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz iii. p. 96.

67. Scapteira knoxw (M.-Edw.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 109.

68. Scapteira depressa (Merr.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 110

69. Scapteira serripes (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 111.

70. Scaptewra ctenodactyla (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii, p. 115.

*71. Scapteira cuneirostris Strauch ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 116.

Famity VII.—GERRHOSAURIDA.

72. Gerrhosaurus validus Smith ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 121.

73. Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Wiegm. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 122.

74. Gerrhosaurus typicus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 123.

15. Tetradactylus seps (Linn.); Cat. Liz. ii. p. 124.

76. Tetradactylus tetradactylus (Lacép.) ; Cat. Liz. iii, p. 125.

77. Tetradactylus africanus (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 125.

78. Cordylosaurus trivittatus (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 126.

79. Cordylosaurus subtessellatus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p 126.

Faminty VIII—SCINCIDA.

*80. Mabuia stangert (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 157.

81. Mabuia homalocephala (Wiegm.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 170.

82. Mabuia peringueyt Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) ii. p. 139

(1888).—The cotype on Damaraland presented by Dx

Marloth is preserved in the Museum.

*83. Mabuia gruetznert (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 171.

*84, Mabwa trwvittata (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz. ii, p. 195.

106

*100

101.

*102,

103.

104.

108.

106.

107.

108.

*109;

LO;

Annals of the South African Musewm.

. Mabuia occidentalis (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 196.

. Mabwa varia (Peters) ; Cat. Liz, iii. p. 202.

Mabuwia chimbana Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 204.

. Mabwa striata (Peters) ; Cat, Liz. iii, p. 204.

. Mabuia sulcata (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii, p, 206.

. Mabuia acutilabris (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 208.

. Lygosoma sundevallu (Smith) ; Cat. Liz, iii. p. 307.

. Ablepharus wahlbergi (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 350

. Scelotes capensis (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 412.

. Scelotes tridactylus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 413.

. Scelotes caffer (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 413.

. Scelotes bipes (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. i, p. 414.

. Scelotes guenthert Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 414.

Scelotes inornatus (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. ii, p. 415.

. Scelotes arenicola (Peters) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 415.

Scelotes bicolor (Smith) ; Cat. Liz. i, p. 416.

Herpetoseps anguinus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 416

Sepsina gramnuca Cope ; Cat. Liz. ili, p. 421

Acontias meleagris (Linn.) ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 427

Acontias plumbeus Bianconi ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 428

Acontias lineatus Peters ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 428.

Acontias grayt (Bouleng.) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 428.

Typhlacontias punctatissinvs Bocage ; Cat. Liz. ili. p. 429.

Famity I1X.—ANELYTROPIDA.

Typhlosaurus lineatus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. i, p. 432.

Typhlosaurus cecus (Cuv.) ; Cat. Liz, ii. p. 434.

Typhlosaurus vernis Bouleng. ; Cat, Liz. iii, p. 434.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians ot South Africa. 107

Faminy X.—CHAMALEONTIDA.

111. Chameleon parvilobus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 449

112. Chameleon melanocephaius (Gray) ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 457

*113. Chameleon guttwralis Smith ; Cat. Liz. ui. p. 457.

114. Chameleon teniobronchus Smith; Cat Liz. i. p. 458.

115. Chameleon pumilus Daud. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 458.

116. Chameleon ventralis Gray ; Cat. Liz. ii. p. 459.

*117. Chameleon damaranus Bouleng. ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 460.

118. Chameleon namaquensis Smith ; Cat. Liz. iii. p. 462.

BATRACHIA.

Faminy I.—RANIDA.

Lana natalensis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 30.

. Rana delalandw (Tschudi) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 31

. Rana adspersa (Tschudi) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 33

. Rana fuscigula Dum. and Bibr. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 50.

. Lana angolensis Bocage ; Cat Bat. Sal. p. 50.

. Rana oxyrhynchus Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 51.

Lana grayt Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 53.

. Lana fasciata (Tschudi) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 54.

. Rana queckettt Bouleng., Proc. Zool Soe. 1894, p. 643,

pl. xxxix. fig. 1 [Natal].

. Helophryne purcelli, gen. et sp. nov. (see below).

*11. Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 112.

*“12. Phrynobatrachus ranoides Bouleng., Proe. Zool. Soc. 1894,

p. 644, pl. xxxix., fig. 2 [Natal].

. Arthroleptis wahlbergw Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 117.

. Arthroleptis boettgeri Bouleng. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 118.

105 Annals of the South African Musewm.

15. Rappia horstockii (Schleg.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 120.

16. Rappia marmorata (Rapp.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 121.

“17, Rappia tuberilinguis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 125.

*18. Rappia cinctiventris (Cope) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 126.

*19, Rappia pusilla (Cope) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 127.

20. Megalixalus spinifrons (Cope) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 180.

*21, Cassina senegalensis (Dum. and Bibr.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 131.

22. Cassina wealti Bouleng. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 131.

23. Hylambates natalensis (Smith) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 138.

Faminy IJ —ENGYSTOMATIDA.

*24, Phrynomantis bifasciata (Smith) ; Cat. Bat, Sal. p. 172.

25. Breviceps gibbosus (Linn.); Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 176.

26. Breviceps verrucosus Rapp. ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 177.

27. Breviceps mossambicus Peters ; Cat. Bat. Sal p. 177.

28. Henisus guttatwm (Rapp.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 178.

29. Cacosternum nanwn Bouleng., Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xx. p 52

(1887).

Famity IIJ.—BUFONID:.

30. Bufo regularis Reuss ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 298.

31. Bufo angusticeps Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 300.

32. Bufo carens Smith ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 301.

Famity IV.—DACTYLETHRID#.

33. Xenopus levis (Daud.) ; Cat. Bat. Sal. p. 456.

Inst of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. 109

PART II.—DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

GRAYIA LUBRICA, sp. nov.

Plate, fig. 1, la.

Rostral broader than deep just visible from above, internasals

longer than broad, longer than the prefrontals ; frontal about twice

as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,

considerably shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ;

one pre- two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2; upper labials eight,

fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact

with the anterior chin-shields which are about the same length as

the posterior ; scales in 19 rows on the anterior part of the body ;

ventrals 177; anal undivided ; tail in the unique specimen incomplete

so that the number of subcaudals cannot be given.

Colour, dark shining black above, a narrow yellow line on either

side of head behind the eye ; below yellow with a narrow ill-defined

dark line running the whole length of the body along the centre of

_ the ventrals. The two outer rows of scales spotted and blotched

with black.

Length of type, 800 mm.; with tail complete would doubtless

reach 1,000 mm.

The colouration and general appearance of this snake differs

considerably from that of Grayia smythi, from which it further

differs in the number and arrangement of the temporal and upper

labial shields, the higher number of ventrals and the undivided anal.

From another species described by Dollo (Bull. Mus. Belg. iv.

1886, p. 158) as Grayia giardi, the present species differs in the

number of its postoculars described in that form as being three in

number, but the description given is too inadequate to make a

thorough comparison between the two forms.

The type and unique specimen (Register No. 2,009) was obtained

by Mr. M. Watermeyer at Tsomo in the Transkei district of the

eastern part of Cape Colony, and is preserved in the South African

Museum. The genus is new to South Africa; the other species are

G. smythvi from West Africa and Angola, G. furcata from the Congo

district, and G. giardi from Lake Tanganyika.

ELASMODACTYLUS NAMAQUENSIS, sp. noy.

Plate, fig. 2, 2a, 2b.

Body stout, imbs short ; head longer than broad, depressed, quite

distinct from the neck ; snout obtuse, longer than the distance of eye

110 Annals of the South African Museum.

to ear-opening, not quite twice the diameter of the ear-opening ;

ear-opening slightly oval, its greatest diameter half that of the eye,

upper part of the snout covered with granules larger than those of

the occiput, and having no markedly larger tubercles interspersed

among them ; nostril pierced between the rostral, the first labial and

three other small scales; rostral rather broader than deep, no median

cleft, upper margin scalloped; ten upper and ten lower labials ;

mental large with rounded posterior border, no chin-shields ; throat

covered with small granules; body, limbs, and tail covered with

granules and tubercles of unequal sizes, the latter fairly evenly

distributed, and becoming more conical and pointed on the hinder

part of the body, the limbs and tail ; vertebral line with no tubercles;

belly covered with subquadrangular small smooth scales, juxtaposed

but not imbricate; digits of moderate size, not very unequal in

length, the distil joint being dilated into an ovate disc on the upper

surface of which are two enlarged scales which protect the pouch

into which the very minute claws can be retracted, under surface

of the toes with a series of transverse lamellae, the number on the

median toe of the hind foot being thirteen.

Colour.—Above grey with traces of darker spots, some of the

large tubercles being black, traces of transverse bands on the tail,

below uniform dirty white.

Measurements.—From snout to vent, 80 mm.; tail, 60 mm.;

head, 22 mm.; width of head, 16 mm.; fore limb, 28 mm.; hind

limb, 33 mm.

This species of Gecko differs from Hlasmodactylus tuberculosus,

Boulenger,* the only species of the genus hitherto described in the

slightly different arrangement of the plates round the nostrils, in

having dorsal tubercles more widely scattered and more distinct in

size, and in their being conical and pointed on the posterior part of

the body, also in the number of transverse lamellz beneath the toes.

The type of this species (No. 935 of the Museum register) was

obtained in Namaqualand, in the Colony, by Mr. W. C. Scully, and

there also exists in the Museum a second specimen, of which, how-

ever, the history is unfortunately unknown.

The genus is new to South Africa, the only other species of the

genus, H. tuberculosus above referred to, having been obtained in the

Lower Congo district.

HELEOPHRYNE, noy. gen., Ranide.

Pupil vertical. Tongue free rounded behind. Vomerine teeth

present. Tympanum not visible. Fingers free. Toes webbed to

* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 727.

List of Reptiles and Batrachians of South Africa. eee

tips. Tips of fingers and toes dilated considerably into regular discs

Outer metatarsals separated from web.

This genus seems most allied to Rhacophorus, from which, how-

ever, it differs in possessing a vertical pupil and free fingers. From

Nyctibatrachus and Hylambetes it differs in having a rounded tongue,

and from Cassina in having dilated toes.

HELEOPHRYNE PURCELLI, gen. et sp. nov.

Plate, fig. 3, 3a.

Snout obtuse, about as long as the orbital diameter, canthus

rostralis rounded, interorbital space a little broader than upper

eyelid ; tympanum not visible; fingers free, ending in broad, flat,

somewhat truncate triangular expansions or discs. Toes completely

webbed and dises well developed, but not quite so large as those of

the fingers and less triangular ; subarticular tubercles oval and fairly

large, inner metatarsal tubercle oval and well developed, outer

absent. The tibio-tarsal joint reaches the end of the snout if the

hind limb be carried forward ; skin smooth above, granular beneath,

especially on the belly.

Vomerine teeth in two linear groups between the choane, as in

Rana gray ; maxillary teeth present ; tongue rounded behind.

Colour (in spirit) purplish with darker round, faintly white edged

spots of the same colour ; hind limbs cross-barred with darker purple

bands below yellowish white.

The type and unique specimen (No. 1313 of the Museum register)

was obtained by Dr. W. F. Purcell in the Jonkers Hoek Valley

pear Stellenbosch, and is now preserved in the Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

FIG.

Grayia lubrica, sp. nov., from above.

- 5 side view of head.

Elasmodactylus namaquensis, sp. noy., from above.

hind foot from above.

from below.

” ”

bt bo bo

es:

0 ” ” ”

. Heleophryne purcelli, gen. et sp. nov.

mouth opened to show tongue and vomerine teeth.

go 9

bel PP

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol.1. Pi

PJ.Smit del et lith. West, Newman imp

1. Grayia lubrica. sp.nov.

2.EHlasmodactylus namaquensis. sp.nov.

3. Heleophryne purcelli. genet sp. nor.

(113 )

TV.—Catalogue of the South African Hispine (Coleoptera), with

Descriptions of New Species—By L. Prrincury, Assistant

Director.

Grn. LEPTISPA, Baly,

Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 1.

Synopsis of Species.

Antenne moderately long; prothorax with scattered punctures ;

elytra subchalybeate, fifth and sixth intervals raised at base .. .. natalensis.

Antenne shorter, punctures of prothorax very closely set, elytra

black, the series of punctures close to one another, sixth interval

only raised at base OG PoCM MO ARG yc 2 x eb pode nee ane dere sy

LEPTISPA NATALENSIS, Baly,

Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 3.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall, C. N. Barker.

LEPTISPA GRACILIS, n. sp.

Totally black, glabrous, moderately shining ; antennz short, one-

half longer than the head, which is elongate and finely punctured ;

prothorax elongato-quadrate, slightly sinuate laterally from the

median to the posterior part, truncate at both ends, slightly convex

and covered with very closely set punctures ; elytra subcylindrieal,

four times as long as the prothorax, deeply punctato-striate with the

intervals very fine, the sixth one rounded and raised from the

shoulder to one-fifth of the length. Length 54 mm.; width $ mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town), Dr. F. Purcell.

114 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gren. CALLISPA, Baly,

Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 4.

CALLISPA NIGRIPES, Baly,

Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 9.

CALLISPA NATALENSIS, Baly,

Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 9.

Hab. Zambesia (between the Limpopo and the Zambesi Rivers),

T. Ayres.

Gren. AMBLISPA, Baly,

Catal. Hispid., 1858, p. 10.

AMBLISPA AUSTRALIS, N. Sp.

Black, moderately shining, glabrous; joints of antenne closely

set, intermediate ones of nearly equal length, the four ultimate ones

a little wider; thorax narrowed and rounded from base to apex,

convex and covered with large but not deep irregular punctures

closely set ; elytra not broader than the base of the prothorax, con-

vex and covered with regular series of deep punctures separated by

narrow, smooth intervals.

The facies of this species is very similar to that of A. levigata,

Guér., but the latter is dark blue instead of black, and the seriated

punctures are much finer and shallower. Length 54 mm.; width

23 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury), G. A. K. Marshall.

Gren. CRYPTONYCHUS, Gyllenh.,

schonh:, Syn. diners Ge Apps Skis pase

CRYPTONYCHUS EXTREMUS, N. Sp.

Black, with the prothorax, scutellum, and elytra yellow, the

former with a very broad median longitudinal band; joints of

antenn short, massive, gradually increasing from base to apex and

closely set; head faintly punctulate, and having a_ projecting,

hollowed out, and rounded at tip process, being the continuation of

a deep median groove beginning at the neck ; this projecting process

is about one-fourth of the total length of head and neck; prothorax

quadrate, with the anterior angles slightly rounded, nearly straight

in front but sinuate on each side of the base, with the basal angle

Catalogue of the South Afrocan Hispine. 115

sharp, central part nearly smooth, lateral one covered with irregularly

arranged, deep punctures ; elytra not broader than the prothorax,

nearly straight, but slightly amphate past the median part; the

surface is covered with a series of deep round punctures, separated

by a narrow, smooth interval; legs punctulate.. Length 10 mm. ;

width 3 mm.

Hab. Natal (Pine Town), J. P. Cregoe, (Malvern) C. N. Barker,

G. A. K. Marshall.

Gren. BALYANA, n. g

Allied to Ca@lenomenodera, Blanch., and with a similar facies,

but differentiated by the number of antennal joints, the five ultimate

ones of which are completely fused into one not much longer than

the two preceding, and the antenne are thus only seven-jointed.

BAtYANA ALGOENSIS, N. sp.

Yellow, shining, with the head, antennz, scutellum, under side,

tarsi, and legs black, but the femora and tibiz of the anterior pair

are flavous; antenne short, rigid, consisting of seven joints, the

apical one not much longer than the two preceding put together

and subfusiform ; anterior part of prothorax produced in front in a

long, obtuse triangle, outer sides slightly emarginate near the base,

discoidal part with three raised lines connected by two transverse

ones forming six broad impressions ; elytra subparallel, elongate,

having on each side three slightly wavy, raised lines, connected

transversely by raised folds forming an irregular reticulation with

broad and deep punctures between; tibiz inflated inwardly, and

with a short, supra-apical tooth externally. Length 9 mm.; width

3+ mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla), Rev. H. Junod.

Gren. ONCOCEPHALA, Chevvrol.,

D’Orbigny’s Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat., ix., 1847.

ONCOCEPHALA PROMONTORIT, nN. Sp.

Brown, variegated with a pale flavescence, glabrous, moderately

shining, antenne and under side black; head with a broad, much

raised tubercle grooved in the centre and mamillate ; prothorax sub-

rectangular, with the apical part a little narrower than the rest,

outer margins with two short teeth, the one apical, the other post-

apical, surface irregularly punctured, disk with three grooves, the

116 Annals of the South African Musewm.

median one of which is edged by two blunt tubercles on each side ;

elytra subquadrate, truncate behind, broader than the prothorax by

one-third, with the shoulders sloping slightly and the outer margin

curving slightly inward, irregularly and deeply punctured except

along the outer margin, which has a regular series of very broad

punctures, discoidal part with three series of elongate, not much

raised and blunt wart-like tubercles tinged with black at apex, the

outer one of which develops in a curved carina overhanging the

shoulder ; under side totally black. Length 4 mm.; width 24 mm.

Hab, Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Kowie, Grahamstown), Natal

(Estcourt), A. E. Haviland, (Malvern) C. N. Barker.

Closely allied to O. senegalensis, yet distinct.

Gen. PLATYPRIA, Guér. Mener.,

Rey. Zool., 1840, p. 139.

PLATYPRIA MASHUNA, 0. sp.

Pale yellow, shining, antennz rufescent, with the two basal joints

black ; head black; prothorax broader than tong, faintly impressed

transversely along the base, pale yellow with four nearly always dis-

tinet black or fulvous round spots in the centre, provided on each

side with a subvertical series of six sharp spines radiating from an

alveolated process, the four median spines are long, tipped with

black, the anterior and posterior ones are very short, and the angle

of the base is also spiniform ; elytra subquadrate, very deeply and

broadly punctured, and having two discoidal series of black spines

on each side, those on the median part longer than the others, and

a marginal one the spines of which are still longer than the dorsal

ones, the four sub-humeral spines of this marginal series are ramified

at the base, and they are infuscate at the tip, the fifth one is placed

at some little distance from either those preceding or following, and

is also infuscate at the tip, while the post-median ones are quite

black ; the suture shows faint traces of spicules, and at the base of

every dorsal spine there is a rounded black patch; under side

deeply infuscate, legs pale yellow. Length 7-74 mm.; width

4-44 mm.

The black dorsal patches on the back are sometimes obliterated.

Hab. Gambesia (Salisbury), G. A. K. Marshall.

PLATYPRIA TRANSVAALENSIS, 0. sp.

In shape and length of the spicules it resembles altogether P.

mashuna, but the size is always smaller, the colour of the upper part

is testaceous, the black dorsal patches are broader in proportion to

Catalogue of the South African Hispine. TET

the size and darker, and the whole of the four sub-humeral spines,

and also the ramification from which they radiate are entirely black ;

under side and legs testaceous with the median part of the abdomen

infuscated. Length 44 mm.; width 3 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg), T. Ayres.

PLATYPRIA CONNEXA, 0. Sp.

Testaceous brown, the two basal joints of the antenne slightly

infuscate, lateral spines of the prothorax disposed as in the two pre-

vious species, but not infuscate ; in the basal transverse depression

are two round black discoidal spots; elytra elongato-quadrate,

deeply and broadly punctato-striate, and without any black patches;

the lateral spines are disposed as in the two preceding species, but

the spines are hardly infuscate except the posterior ones, which are

darker brown at the tip, and those on the back are disposed from

the median part to the apex in a duplicate series of three instead of

only one long discoidal one past the middle with a few scattered

spiculee below it; under side testaceous. Length 44 mm.; width

3 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom), T. Ayres.

Gren. PODISPA, Chap.,

Lacordaire’s Genera, vol. xi. p. 334.

PoDISPA EXTREMA, N. sp.

Blue-black, shining, briefly pubescent; antenna slightly longer

than the head and prothorax with the joints closely set and spinu-

lose, the basal one with five moderately long but conspicuous

outer spines, the second one with two shorter ones at the base; pro-

thorax subelongate, somewhat narrowed in the anterior part, deeply

grooved longitudinally in the centre with the median part of the disk

raised on each side; anterior margin bearing on each side of the

suture four long spines borne on one stalk, the two anterior ones of

which are directed forward, and the other two are shorter and nearly

vertical, outer margin with a bifid process (the anterior one of which

bears two, and the posterior one three spines), and a small vertical

spine set at a short distance from the bifid process, and quite dis-

connected with it; elytra elongate, parallel, punctato-striate, and

having on each side four dorsal rows of sharp, not very long spines,

closely set, and a marginal one of equally long but more closely set

spines ; legs spinulose outwardly. Length 5 mm.; width 24 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prieska), Dr. F. Purcell; Natal (Malvern),

C. N. Barker.

118 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gren. HISPELLA, Chap.,

Lacordaire’s Genera, vol. xi. p. 334.

Synopsis of Species.

Elytra bronze, shining, spines moderately long .. .. «. «. spurid.

Elytra blue-black, moderately shining, spines short .. .. -. promontorit.

HISPELLA SPURIA, 0. sp.

Black, nearly glabrous, elytra with a bright bronze sheen ; antennz

hardly longer than the head and prothorax, joints closely set, the

basal one with a long, setiform spine on the outward apical part,

third joint as long as the first, but not quite so broad; prothorax

longer than broad, attenuate in front, deeply grooved in the centre

with the discoidal part raised on each side, anterior margin with

long, divaricating spines, one on each side of the median groove,

outer margin with three long spines, the two anterior ones springing

from one stalk; elytra linear, one-third wider than the prothorax,

deeply seriato-foveolate and having on each side three dorsal rows of

moderately long spines anda marginal one of similar but more closely

set spines. Length 5 mm.; width 2% mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), C. N. Barker; Estcourt, A. EB. Haviland;

Transvaal (Potchefstroom), T. Ayres.

HisPELLA PROMONTORH, n. sp.

Very closely allied to the preceding species but one-third smaller ;

the colour is bluish black instead of bronze, the spines of the anterior

margin and also those of the elytra are much shorter in proportion,

and also more closely set; the basal spine of the first joint of

antenne is longer, and the third joint is shorter. Length 4 mm. ;

width 2-2! mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch).

Gen. HISPA, Linn.,

Syst. Nat., ed. xii., 1767, p. 603.

Synopsis of Species.

FIRST DIVISION.

MEDIAN PART OF ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX SPINOSE,

LATERAL MARGINS WITH THREE SEPARATE SPINES.

A4,—ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX WITH TWO PERPENDICULAR

SPINES HAVING A SHARP, SPINIFORM PROCESS NEAR THE BASE.

Black, glabrous shining, third joint of antenne as long as the

three following eee ween i sce ct is) | ogee Ry ROOT

Catalogue of the South African Hispine.

A3,—-ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX WITH FOUR MEDIAN

THE TWO ANTERIOR ONES HORIZONTAL, THE POSTERIOR ONES

SPINES, VERTICAL AND SHORTER THAN THE ANTERIOR; BODY

BLACK.

b?. Body slender ; elytra one-third broader than the prothorax.

c?. Black, opaque, nearly glabrous; elytra costulate .. .. ..

ct. Black, opaque, pubescent; elytra not costulate .. .. ..

bt. Body not very slender,

c?. Sub-enescent ; spines on the elytra long, not closely set ..

ct. Black: spines-on the elytra closely set... -.. ss +05 «06

A?,— ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX WITH TWO BIFID, PERPEN-

DICULAR SPINES, THE ANTERIOR PROCESS OF WHICH IS SHORTER

THAN THE POSTERIOR; BODY BROWN OR FLAVESCENT; ELYTRA

NEARLY TWICE AS BROAD AS THE THORAX.

b?, Antenne long.

c?. The two basal joints infuscate or black.

d?. The four penultimate joints of antenne sub-moniliform ;

prothorax with a denuded areolet on each side; elytra sub-zeneous

d. The four penultimate joints of antenne elongate; prothorax

without any areolet; elytra not sub-eneous ... .. «2 we ee

ct. The two basal joints of antenne not infuscate.

d3, Antenne slender; elytra with bronzed patches, spines entirely

IK 55: G6) om. Go ot sG0 0d) “oda. Go ~60s00) 0g Bae uo

d?. Antenne slender ; elytra flavescent, spines black at tip.. ..

d'. Antenne thick; elytra flavous, dorsal spines black aG or

bt. Antenne short.

c?, Elytra with three series of short spines .. .. «1 «. «-

ct. Elytra with four series of short spines .. .. ©. «s «.

A'.— ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX WITH TWO BIFID PERPEN-

DICULAR SPINES, LATERAL MARGINS WITH THREE SEPARATE

SPINES, THE ANTERIOR OF WHICH IS BIFID, AND THE MEDIAN

ONE TRIFID

oe oe oe oe o. ee ee ee se o. oe

capicola.

gracilis.

tenella.

zulu.

congrua.

dissimilis.

gratula.

pubicollis.

mans.

perfida.

ambigua.

litigrosa.

120 Annals of the South African Museum.

SECOND DIVISION.

ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PROTHORAX NOT SPINOSE, LATERAL MARGINS

WITH SPINES.

A2.—LATERAL MARGINS WITH A SHORT STALK SUPPORTING FOUR

VERTICAL SPINES AND A DETACHED SPINE BEHIND THE STALK,

AND NOT CONNECTED WITH IT; ELYTRA BLACK OR BRONZE.

b?. Antenne long and very slender; elytra with two dorsal rows

of long spines .. eis

bt. Antennze long and slender; elytra with three dorsal rows of

Weya¥ss Sp IHES 5 4g GHG EAO apo 4AG 90 de® eos a Baa

c?, Antenne moderately long but not slender; elytra with three

dorsal rows of short spines... Hoeeeowons moc

ct. Antenne moderately long but not slender; elytra with four

dorsal rows of short spines Aap mite etawe Beate bitore

A'.— LATERAL MARGINS WITH A SHORT STALK SUPPORTING FIVE OR

SIX SPINES OR MORE, NO DETACHED SPINE BEHIND THE STALK.

bs. Lateral process consisting of six sub-vertical spines, the

posterior one of which is bifid.

c3. The five or six basal joints of antenne black ; elytra with three

rows of dorsal spines.. .. .-. COM ei aah fou Cia OC

c?. Basal joints of antenne not black; elytra with five rows of

dorsal spines

oe oe

ce. All the joints of antenne-of nearly the same. width .and

length ; elytra with three rows of dorsal spines. .

b+. Lateral process, consisting of six sub-horizontal spines, the

posterior of which is bifid.

c?. Antenne short, massive.

. Elytra straw colour, spines on elytra black

ct. Antenne long, slender.

d3, Elytra black

d?. Elytra reddish brown ..

d'. Elytra dark brown on the dorsal part, with the lateral and

ee oe ee

posterior margins flavescent ..

b3, Lateral process consisting of five sub-vertical spines, the

posterior of which is bifid.

Antenne long, slender; elytra flavous with infuscate spines

natalica.

veratrin.

torwlosa.

ovampoa.

vicinalis.

omarramba

perplexa.

straminea.

decipiens.

capensis.

delicata.

eximia.

Catalogue of the South African Hispine. 121

Antenne with the six basal joints very short and nodose, the

other five thick and longer than the six basal ones; elytra

TULCSCONG MMM NSsE Gee. ce Gry csc Gi ci we es ad at «es. fALLACIOSA.

b?. Lateral process consisting of five vertical spines, the posterior

one of which is not bifid.

Body covered with a dense, silky, yellow pubescence .. .. .. lanigera.

bt. Lateral process consisting of nine horizontal spines, the

posterior one of which is bifid... .. .. .. «2 «2 «2 «+ «» ramulosa.

HIsPA SOBRINA, 0. Sp.

Black, glabrous, very shiny; antenne long, not slender, the seven

ultimate joints not moniliform, third one as long as the three

following, the five ultimate ones sericeous; thorax very rugosely

alveolate, and without any denuded space, but with a slight depres-

sion in the middle of the anterior part; elytra elongate, twice as

broad as the prothorax, deeply seriato-foveate, with the fovez shining,

and having on each side two series of stout, not closely set, short

spines, with two stout spines between the first and second dorsal

rows, one at about the middle the other at the apex, marginal row

consisting of moderately closely set spines a little more slender than

the dorsal ones. Length 54 mm.; width 2+ mm.

Allied to H. spinulosa, from the West Coast of Africa, but at once

distinguished by the more massive antenne and the shape of the

spines in the anterior margin of the prothorax, which are strongly

bifid in H. spinulosa, whereas in H. sobrina the anterior part of the

process is quite minute.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall.

HIspA CAPICOLA, N. sp.

Linear; black, opaque, nearly glabrous; antennae moderately

slender, basal joint very thick, the five following narrow, third one a

little longer than the fourth, the five ultimate ones moderately

thickened and pubescent; discoidal raised parts of the thorax

smooth and very distinct; elytra deeply foveate, and with three

dorsal series of short spines on each side, and a marginal one,

the spines of which are not longer than the dorsal ones; the first

interval along the suture has a slightly raised, somewhat spinose

line, the spines of which are more developed in the posterior part.

Length 44-54 mm. ; width 2-21 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester).

122 Annals of the South African Museum.

HIsPA GRACILIS, Nn. sp.

Linear ; black, opaque, and covered with a very brief, silky white

pubescence; antenne moderately long, basal joint very thick,

angular outwardly, third joint hardly longer than the fourth, the

four penultimate ones thickened, submoniliform and _ sericeous,

apical joint also sericeous; raised discoidal patches of the prothorax

not very prominent and partly hidden by a very short pubescence ;

elytra punctate and having on each side three dorsal series of short,

closely set spines, the intervals of which are spinose in the posterior

part, and a marginal one consisting of short, closely set spines not

longer than the dorsal.

Allied to the preceding species, but still narrower, and pubescent

instead of being nearly glabrous. Length 44 mm. ; width 2 mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt), A. EH. Haviland; Zambesia (Salisbury),

G. A. K. Marshall.

The examples from Salisbury are more densely pubescent than

those from Estcourt.

HispA TENELLA, 0. sp.

Black, sparsely pubescent on the thorax ; antenne long, first and

second joints thick, the basal one longer than the second by half,

third to sixth inclusive slender and of equal length, seventh to

eleventh thickened and pubescent, the three penultimate ones sub-

moniliform ; thorax without any spherical raised patches, but with

the dicoidal part denuded longitudinally ; elytra one-third broader than

the thorax, covered with a series of moderately broad punctures and

having three dorsal and one marginal series of moderately long

spines set at some distance from one another. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Zululand (Eshowe).

HispA ZULU, N. sp.

Black, glabrous; antennae moderately long, first joint thick,

second one half the length and width of the preceding one, third

to sixth inclusive, slender and of equal length, seventh to eleventh

thickened, very closely set and pubescent; thorax with two raised

but not very distinct discoidal spaces, anterior and lateral spines

closely set and long; elytra one-third broader than the thorax,

deeply punctured and haying on each side three dorsal series of

closely set short spines and a marginal one, the spines of which are

closely set, as long as the dorsal, but more slender. Length 3} mm. ;

width 1+ mm.

Hab. Yululand (Eshowe).

Catalogue of the South African Hispine. 193

HIsPA CONGRUA, N. sp.

Light brown, with a slight bronze tinge, spines black, legs flavous ;

antenne flavescent, with the two, and sometimes the three basal

joints infuscate, first joint moderately long, more than twice as

long as the second one, third to sixth moderately slender, third one-

third longer than the fourth, the five ultimate ones twice as thick

as the intermediate, pubescent, the three penultimate ones not

much longer than broad ; thorax pubescent, narrowly grooved longi-

tudinally in the centre and with a small denuded areolet on each

side; elytra nearly twice as broad as the prothorax, glabrous and

having on each side three dorsal rows of moderately long spines,

and a few short spines along the suture; the spines of the outer

margin are not closely set and are nearly as long as the dorsal ones.

Length 4 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban), C. N. Barker.

HIsPA DISSIMILIS, n. sp.

Light brown, without any bronze tinge; antenne long, flavescent

with the two basal joints black or deeply infuscate, third joint one-

third as long as the fourth, the last five joints one-fourth thicker

than the intermediate ones which are slender and pubescent ;

thorax pubescent, grooved longitudinally in the middle and with an

impression on each side of the groove, spines light brown ; elytra

light reddish brown with the spines black and an eneous dark patch

at their base, twice as broad as the thorax, foveate, and with three

dorsal series, and a marginal one on each side, of long, dark brown

spines distant from one another ; legs flavescent.

Allied to the preceding species and mainly distinguished, apart

from the colour, by the more elongated intermediate joints of the

antenne, the penultimate joints are also less submoniliform.

Length 43-5 mm.; width 23-3 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), C. N. Barker; (Port Shepstone), G. A. K.

Marshall; (Frere), A. KE. Haviland.

HIsPA GRATULA, 0. sp.

Light bronze, with a flavescent tinge; antenne flavescent, very

long and very slender, the two basal joints light brown, third joint

one-third longer than the fourth, the five ultimate sericeous, elon-

gate, the two penultimate ones sub-moniliform ; prothorax and spines

sub-flavescent, briefly pubescent, very faintly grooved longitudinally

in the middle, and haying on each side a diagonal, narrow,

denuded, elongated patch, elytra foveolate, clothed with a very

brief, scattered pubescence, and having two dorsal series of

124 Annals of the South African Hispine.

moderately long dark spines, set at some distance from one another

with two shorter spines on the posterior part, between the first and

second rows; the suture is also spinulose, and the spines of the

marginal row are more closely set than the dorsal but of equal

size; legs flavescent. Length 4 mm.; width 2 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall.

HispPA PUBICOLLIS, Chap.,

Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 59.

HIspPA INANIS, 0. sp.

Flavous, with the dorsal spines of the elytra and the space edging

the diagonal smooth spaces of the prothorax infuscate ; antennz

long but not slender, third joint longer than the fourth, and the five

ultimate ones thicker than the intermediate ones; thorax very

nearly glabrous, faintly grooved longitudinally in the middle, and

having on each side a long, arcuate, smooth space; elytra nearly

twice as broad as the prothorax, foveolate, glabrous, and having on

each side two series of distant, moderately long spines, with two

isolated ones in the second interval and two set close to one another

between the second row and the outer margin in the posterior part,

spines of the outer margin long and closely set. Length 4+ mm. ;

width 2} mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall.

HIsPA PERFIDA, 0. sp.

Bronze, with a reddish brown tinge; antenne short, thick, the

four basal joints black or dark fuscous, all the joints with the

exception of the third one, which is a little longer, nearly one-third

longer than wide, and closely set; prothorax with a few squamiform

hairs, narrowly grooved longitudinally in the centre, and having on

each side of the groove a round, conspicuous, raised, denuded

space ; elytra glabrous, foveolate, twice as broad as the prothorax,

and having three rows on each side of short, black spines, very

thick at base and closely set, spines of marginal row more slender

than the dorsal ones, but of equal length; legs reddish brown.

Length 44-5} mm.; width 24-3 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall, C. N. Barker.

HISPA AMBIGUA, 0. sp.

Buff colour, but occasionally infuscate; antennz short, joints

thick, closely set, third one nearly twice as long as the fourth, the

five ultimate joints one-fourth thicker than the intermediate ones,

Catalogue of the South African Hispine. 125

sericeous and flavescent; thorax briefly pubescent, and provided

with a fine longitudinal median line and a round raised space on

each side, partly hidden by the pubescence; elytra light brown

but sometimes infuscate, deeply seriato-punctate, very briefly and

sparsely pubescent, and having on each side four dorsal rows of

very short spines, the spines of the marginal row are black, closely

set, moderately long, but longer than those in the dorsal series where

there are minute ones alternating with the longer ones; legs light

brown. Length 3-34 mm. ; width 14-14 mm.

Chiefly distinguished from H. ambigua by the smaller size and

little more slender facies, the less developed raised discoidal spaces ;

the series of spines on the dorsal part of the elytra are denser, and

four in number instead of three.

Hab. Transvaal (Klerksdorp), E.G. Alston.

HIspPA LITIGIOSA, 0. sp.

Flavous, glabrous, with the six basal joints of antennex, two

discoidal patches on the prothorax, two on the scutellum, and the

dorsal spines on the elytra black; antennz long, moderately slender,

with the five apical joints not much thicker than the intermediate

ones, third and fourth joints of nearly equal size; prothorax closely

punctured and with a sparse, squamiform pubescence, discoidal part

without any raised space, but having instead two moderately broad,

longitudinal black patches; elytra foveolate and having two dorsal

rows of long, sharp spines distant from one another, and two or

three spines in the intervals in the posterior part; spines of

marginal row more slender than the dorsal and also more closely set,

scutellum with two fuscous patches, one on each side of the base ;

legs straw colour. Length 44-51mm.; width 21-24 mm.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), G. A. K. Marshall; Zululand (Eshowe),

A. Windham.

Two species belonging to this first division have been described

by Chapuis, but I have not as yet met with them.

HIsPA MAMILLATA, Chap.,

Ann. d, Belg., 1877, p. 56.

HispA TENUICORNIS, Chap.

Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 56.

HIspA NATALICA, n. Sp.

Black, very shining, glabrous; antenne long, slender, the five

ultimate joints thickened, elongate, clothed with a flavescent, short

126 Annals of the South African Museum.

pubescence, while the others are nearly glabrous, the third joint is a

little longer than the fourth ; prothorax nearly smooth, faintly im-

pressed in the centre, the impression smooth ; elytra deeply seriato-

punctate, and having on each side two rows only of dorsal spines far

distant from one another and a marginal one of equal length, but

more closely set; the hind spine on the lateral margin of the

prothorax is much shorter than those on the stalk. Length 5 mm. ;

width 2} mm.

Hab. Natal (Maritzburg).

HIsPA VEXATRIX, 0. sp.

Black, with a faint bluish tinge, shining, glabrous ; closely allied

to the preceding species, the description of which applies also to the

present one ; it is, however, differentiated by the number of dorsal

series of spines on the elytra, which is three instead of two, and the

lateral spine of the margin of the prothorax is longer than the

spines on the stalk instead of being much shorter. Length 5 mm. ;

width 2} mm.

Hab. Natal (EKshowe).

HispPa TORULOSA, Chap.,

Ann. 'd. Bels., 1877, p.o2

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom), Zambesia (Salisbury).

HIsPA OVAMPOA, 0. sp.

Dark brown, with a bronze tinge, very shining, glabrous ; antennz

moderately long and thick, third joint short, but twice the length of

the fourth, the three following of equal size, the five ultimate ones

thickened, short, closely set, and sericeous ; prothorax deeply and

closely punctured and having on each side a smooth space next

to the spinose stalk and the posterior spine, and a longitudinal

median line; the hind spine is much shorter than those on the

stalk; elytra having on each side four dorsal rows of short spines

set somewhat closely, and a marginal one of similar spines. Length

5 mm.; width 2 mm.

Hab. Ovampoland (Omarramba), A. W. Eriksson.

HISPA VICINALIS, 0. Sp.

Reddish brown, covered with a long pubescence; antennsz mode-

rately long, with the six basal joints moderately slender and the five

ultimate ones nearly twice as thick, and the four penultimate ones

submoniliform; the four basal joints and sometimes the fourth and

Catalogue of the South African Hispine. 127

sixth are black or infuscate, and the others flavescent; prothorax

densely pubescent and with a narrow, denuded longitudinal band;

elytra seriato-punctate, clothed with a long but not dense pubescence,

and having on each side three dorsal rows of long, not closely set

dark spines and a marginal one, the spines of which are as long

as the dorsal, but more closely set; legs reddish brown, pubescent.

Length 3-34 mm.; width 2 mm.

Hab. Natal (Verulam), G. A. K. Marshall, (Malvern), C. N.

Barker ; Transvaal (Leydenburg), T. Ayres; Zambesia (Salisbury),

G. A. K. Marshall.

HIspa OMARRAMBA, 0. Sp.

Chestnut-red, clothed with a dense, flavescent pubescence ; basal

joints of the antennz chestnut-brown, second to sixth, inclusive,

closely set, the five apical ones thickened, seventh nearly twice as

long as the eighth; prothorax similar to that of the two preceding

species, but the pubescence is more conspicuous; elytra seriato-

punctate and having five dorsal rows of long, sharp spines more

closely set in the posterior than in the anterior part, spines of the

intermediate rows not quite so numerous as in the second and third,

except behind, spines of the marginal row long and closely set.

This species differs from the two preceding ones by the thicker

and more yellow pubescence, and also by the intervals between

the suture, and the dorsal series of spines being spinose. Length

4 mm.; width 21 mm.

Hab. Ovampoland (Omarramba), Eriksson.

HIsPA PERPLEXA, 0. sp.

Light chestnut-red, clothed with a long, dense, whitish pubescence;

antennz moderately short, with the joints closely set and of nearly

equal length with the exception of the basal one, the third is not

much longer than the fourth, which is of nearly the same size as

the second, all the basal and intermediate joints are clothed with

short, dense greyish hairs, the five ultimate ones are sericeous ;

thorax with a narrow, longitudinal denuded space in the centre, all

the rest partially hidden by the decumbent pubescence ; scutellum

entirely hidden by the pubescence; elytra foveolate and with three

dorsal rows of spines set far apart, the marginal row consists of

spines as long as the dorsal ones, but closely set; the intervals

between the spines on the outer margins of the prothorax are

setulose. Length 54-54 mm.; width 3 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg), T, Ayres; Zambesia (Middle

Limpopo, Victoria Falls), Dr. Bradshaw.

128 Annals of the South African Museum.

HIsPA STRAMINEA, 0. Sp.

Light straw colour, glabrous, shining, spines of the prothorax

infuscate for half the length, those of the elytra black nearly to the

base; antenne: moderately short and massive, with the joints closely

set, the five apical ones thickened and about one-third wider than

the two preceding ones, third a little longer than the fourth ; pro-

thorax deeply punctate; elytra deeply and closely foveolate and

having on each side three series of long and slender spines, the

suture spinulose, spines of the outer margin as long as the dorsal

ones and more closely set; spines of the prothorax very long and

sub-horizontal. Length 4 mm.; width 24 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony. Exact locality unknown.

Hispa CAPENSIS, Thunb.,

Nov. Ins. spec. ii., p. 66, fig. 76.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth).

HIsPA DECIPIENS, N. sp.

Black, shining, glabrous on the elytra, but with the prothorax

clothed with a very short, squamiform pubescence ; antennz long,

intermediate joints narrow and of nearly equal length, the five

ultimate joints much thickened, the three penultimate ones monili-

form, the apical one a little wider at base than the preceding one;

spines of the lateral process of the prothorax very long and sub-

horizontal, discoidal part with a very narrow longitudinal groove ;

elytra deeply foveate and having on each side four series of long,

slender spines, and a marginal one of equally long but more closely

set ones. Length 4 mm.; width 24 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Worcester).

HIsPA DELICATA, 0. Sp.

Black or very deeply infuscate on the upper side, posterior and

lateral margins of elytra sub-flavescent, antenne and legs also

flavescent, dorsal spines on the elytra dark, those on the lateral

margins and on the prothorax flavescent but darker at tip; antenne

very long, the four intermediate joints very slender, third, fourth,

and fifth of nearly equal length, the five ultimate ones thickened and

about twice as long as broad ; prothorax very nearly glabrous, spines

of the lateral process very long, slender and horizontal; elytra

deeply seriato-punctate and having on each side three dorsal rows of

very long and slender spines not closely set, and a marginal one of

still longer spines closely set. Length 34 mm.; width 1+ mm.

Hab. Natal (Verulam), G. A. K. Marshall.

Catalogue of the South African Hispine. 129

HIspA EXIMIA, nN. sp.

Flavous, covered with a dense flavescent pubescence ; antennie

moderately long and moderately slender, third joint not much longer

than the fourth, but shorter than the seventh; the two basal joints

are infuscate ; prothorax with two small, round impressions with a

fuscous tinge on each side of the disk, the lateral process of five

vertical spines, the hind one of which is bifid, lanuginose ; elytra

deeply seriato-foveate and having on each side three rows of not

closely set sharp spines and a marginal one of longer and more

closely set ones; the spines on the elytra are infuscate to a very

short distance from the base, while those on the prothorax are

infuscate at apex only. Length 6 mm.; width 3 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom), T. Ayres.

HispA FALLACIOSA, Nn. sp.

Brownish red, shining, densely pubescent; antennze moderately

long and thick, joints fifth to sixth very short, nodulose, third not

much longer than the second, seventh nearly as long as the four

preceding and much thicker, the four apical ones thickened and

elongate ; prothorax with two small, fuscous, round impressions on

each side of the disk, the lateral spinous process not lanuginose or

pubescent ; elytra with three dorsal series of moderately long, dark

spines set at some distance from one another, but of equal length,

those of the marginal row a little longer than the dorsal ones and

more closely set. Length 44 mm.; width 25 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla), Rev. J. Tunod.

This species is easily recognised through the nodose shape of the

intermediate antennal joints.

HiIspA LANIGERA, 0D. sp.

Flavous, clothed with an extremely dense golden pubescence with

a silky tinge hiding entirely the integuments, and looking like felt;

antennze moderately short, joints closely set, the five ultimate ones

thickened ; prothorax with a central longitudinal line, stalk of the

lateral process thick, the spines infuscate at tip; elytra punctato-

striate, but with the punctures hidden by the pubescence, and

having on each side three rows of short, black spines just emerging

from the pubescence and set at some distance from one another ;

spines of the outer margin a little longer than the dorsal and more

closely set. Length 4 mm.; width 2 mm.

Hab. Namaqualand (O’Kiep), L. Péringuey.

130 Annals of the South African Musewm.

HisPA RAMULOSA, Chap.,

Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 53.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Clan-

william).

Gren. THORACISPA, Chap.,

Lacordaire’s Genera, vol. x1., p. 330.

THORACISPA DREGEI, Chap.,

Ann. d. Belg., 1877, p. 50.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town). Very rare.

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

Acie ie

V.—On the Species of Opisthophthalmus i the Collection of the

South African Museum, with Descriptions of some New Forms.

—By W. F. Purcett, Ph.D., First Assistant.

In my previous paper (‘Descriptions of New South African

Scorpions,’ p. 1 of this volume) the new species of Opisthophthalmus,

then in the collection of the South African Museum, were described

and partly figured. The treatment of the genus is brought to a

conclusion in the present article, the principal object of which is to

record the localities and local peculiarities of the specimens of

Opisthophthalmus in our collection. The number of these specimens

is very large, and as most of them have been captured within the

last few years, I can vouch for the accuracy of the localities in

nearly every case. JI append descriptions of three new forms,

received since the previous paper went to press; also descriptions

of the adult females of schlechteri, Pure., and chaperi, Sim., and of

the adult male of latimanws, Koch, none of which have yet been

published. In conclusion, the synopsis of all the species known to

me, begun in the last paper, is brought to completion.

The South African Museum collection now comprises twenty-five

species of Opisthophthalmus, of which twenty-one are represented by

the adults of both sexes, three by one sex only, and one by a young

specimen. There remain, at most, three described South African

species, which are not yet represented in the collection.

Sexual Characters and Age.—The determination of the sex and

age (7.c., whether adult or young) is of first importance in ascertain-

132 Annals of the South African Museum.

ing the specific name. I have already pointed out in a previous

paper (p. 1 of this volume) that the sexes may be readily distinguished

by the structure of the operculum, a character which holds good for

even fairly young specimens and is the only perfectly reliable

one.

The structure of the pectines invariably differs with the sex. In

the female the scape is always free of teeth for a certain distance at

the base behind, while in the male it is either toothed along the

whole length of the hind margin or it is also without teeth at the

base; in the latter case, however, this toothless portion always

represents a smaller proportion of the whole length than in the

female of the same species. The limit to the number of teeth is also

always highest in the male and lowest in the female. Pectinal

characters do not alter with age.

As regards other characters, the two sexes are very much alike up

to the time when the last moult takes place ; in the nearly full-grown

males, however, some of the characteristic granulation of the adult

may appear, while the hand is generally a little narrower than in the

female of the corresponding stage. In these pre-adult stages the

hands are often much darker in colour and more granular than in

the adults in both sexes.

In the adult female the hands are wider in proportion to the

length of the hand-back than is the case in the previous stage ; but

it must be remembered that in adult specimens from one locality

this proportion may be the same as that found in nearly adult

specimens from another locality (e.g., in wahlbergi). The adult male

is generally easily recognisable by the characteristic form of the

hands and tail. After the last moult the hands appear narrower,

flatter, and often longer and smoother than in the female, while the

tail becomes much longer and nearly always stouter. Generally the

first and second caudal segments together equal the carapace in

length (in the female the length of carapace generally much exceeds

that of the first two caudal segments). In the adult male the terga,

sterna, and under side of the anterior caudal segments are often

much more granular and the palps much longer than in the female or

young males, while the anterior upper crest of the humerus is

undeveloped in the females of some species.

Specific Characters.-—As the species of this genus are both

numerous and very variable, I have thought it advisable to

discuss the relative value of the characters available for classifica-

tion.

1. The presence of a well-developed, Y-shaped, forked groove on

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 133

the anterior part of the carapace appears to me to be an excellent

specific character. In some species, however (e.g., fossor), in which

it is usually absent, the fork may sometimes appear in a partially

developed form.

2. A very important specific character is the general shape of the

hand in both sexes with regard to (i) the proportions of the width of

the hand to the length of the hand-back, and (11) the convexity and,

to a lesser extent, the granulation of the upper surface. Although

the proportions may vary in specimens from different localities (e.9.,

(2? wahlbergi and karrooensis), the variation appears never to be

very great. The length of the movable finger, on the contrary,

varies too much to be of specific value.

3. The two secondary keels on the inner part* of the upper

surface of the hand are constantly present in some species, ¢.g.,

fossor, macer, and constantly absent in others, e.g., chaperi, and

here form good specific characters. In others again, e.g., latimanus

(=calvus), these keels may be quite absent or well developed, even

in one and the same specimen.

4. The finger-keel and the superior crest of the brachium is

subject to variation in many species ; in others, however, notably in

the capensis-granifrons group, the condition of the finger-keel is of

specific importance.

5. A strong granulation on the mesial part of the ventral surface of

the abdominal segments is of considerable specific value. If, however,

this granulation be extremely fine or weak, although constantly

present in specimens from one locality, it may entirely disappear or

be replaced by a striated or wrinkled surface in a series of specimens

of the same species from another locality, e.g., in karrooensis. The

granulation on the lateral parts of the last abdominal sternite is very

variable and of no specific value.

6. The presence or absence of a coarse granulation on the sides

of the carapace bordering the interocular area forms, as far as my

observations go, an excellent specific character. The granulation of

the interocular area itself is, however, rarely of importance, being

subject to great variation.

7. As regards the position of the median eyes, such great varia-

tions have been noticed in some species, é.g., in gigas and glabrifrons,

that I have doubts as to the value of this character.

8. With regard to the granulation of the crests of the cauda it

may be stated that, if the granulation be weak, it may be expected

* The upper surface of the hand is divided by the finger-keel into an outer

and an inner part.

134 Annals of the South African Musewm.

to vary either to a strong granulation or to vanish altogether in local

varieties of the same species.

9. With regard to the granulation on the other parts of the body,

it may be remarked that that on the intercarinal spaces of the tail

(excepting on the under side of the anterior segments), on the terga,

on the legs, and on the surfaces of the humerus and brachium of the

palps, is of little or no specific value. (Exception must be made,

however, of the posterior surface of the brachium in some species,

c.g., the capensis-granifrons group.)

10. The extent to which the posterior edge of the scape of the

pectine is toothless at the base is of specific value, as it does not

seem to vary much. The number of pectinal teeth, however, can

scarcely be considered of specific importance, being one of the first

characters to change in local varieties.

11. The coloration is, of course, not in itself of specific im-

portance, although differences in colour, especially of the legs,

often accompany other good characters (c.g., in the fossor-chaperi

group).

12. The structure of the spiracles I found to vary so much, that

I now consider them of no value, although at first I was inclined to

attach some importance to them (e.g., in fuscipes).

13. The length of the superior terminal lobe of the tarsi of the legs

is not of specific importance, although often useful in conjunction

with other characters. In many cases, where a large series of

specimens has been examined, the lobe although normally long (or

short) occasionally appears short (or long, as the case may be) in a

few specimens.

14. Similarly the number of external spines on the under side and

on the terminal lobe of the posterior tarsus, although often useful, is

subject to variation in a small percentage of specimens in a large

series.

15. I have examined a large number of specimens in order to

ascertain the specific value, if any, of the so-called stridulating organ,

recently described by Pocock (Nat. Sci., ix., p. 17, 1896) and com-

posed of 1 to 6 or 7 spathulate or obovate lamellz (modified hairs)

attached to the inner surface of the basal joint of each mandible. I

found this organ completely absent in all our specimens of pallidipes,

gigas, longicauda, schlechteri, and ater, while Pocock found them

absent in wahlbergi. In all the type-specimens of peringueyi and

crasstmanus the organ is also absent. In a specimen from the

Cedarberg Range, however, differing in no other respect from the

typical peringueyi, excepting slightly in colour, I found four well-

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 135

developed lamelle# on each mandible, while among the numerous

specimens of crassimanus, which I have grouped together as var. p,

1-3 lamelle are often present; so, for example, in 22 specimens

from Rooibank lamelle# were present at least on one mandible in 15

and absent in 7, while in 21 specimens from Houmoed they were

present in 12 and absent in 9. In glabrifrons the lamelle were

found in the specimens from Mashunaland, but were absent in all

specimens from the Transvaal. In granicawda 1-2, and in kar-

rooensis and carinatus 3-6 lamelle were present in all the specimens

in the Museum. I have also found the organ in all the remaining

species of the genus with the exception of laticauda (which, being

dry, I have not examined). As I have not, however, examined all

the specimens in the collection I cannot state whether the organ is

invariably present in these latter.

The fact that these lamellae may be constantly absent from all

specimens of some species from one locality and yet appear in some

of the specimens of the same species from another locality tends

to show that no specific value can be attached to the presence or

absence of this organ. Of course there may be, and probably are,

species in which the organ is constantly present and others in which

it is constantly absent, and in such cases it may be of some service,

é.g., in &@ Synopsis.

Habits. — Nearly all the species of this genus construct deep

burrows in the earth, in which they remain during the day. These

burrows are all formed after the same plan. They enter the ground

generally at an incline not exceeding half a right angle, proceed for

about 6-10 inches in the same plane in a straight or winding

direction, and then suddenly dip down and descend, often with much

winding, to nearly a foot below the surface. These burrows may

always be easily recognised by their depth in conjunction with the

shape of the entrance, which resembles in outline the space

between the eyelids of an open human eye.

Two species, karrooensis and pallidipes, do not appear to con-

struct deep burrows at all, but live in shallow excavations under

stones. Both these scorpions are remarkable for the long and

slender hands of the adult male. I do not know the habits of the

allied species with similar hands, viz., peringueyi, gigas, and

longicauda.

Distribution.—The genus Opisthophthalmus is very characteristic

of the Cape Fauna. All the species whose localities are known, with

the exception of two, have been recorded from the Cape Colony, in

which there appears to be scarcely a part not inhabited by some

136 Annals of the South African Museum.

representative of the genus. They often occur in great abundance,

but generally only one species inhabits a particular locality. A few

exceptions to this rule have come under my notice. For instance, at

Rabiesberg, in the Langeberg Range, Worcester Division, macer

and chaperi occur in equal abundance on the same spot. There

are other apparent cases of several species occurring at the same

locality, e.g., at Ashton chapert and karrooensis are very common,

but here I found the latter confined to the stony ‘‘ karroo-koppies ”

(hillocks) and the former to the lower-lying ground. Bushmanland,

however, appears to form a notable exception to the rule, as Mr.

Max Schlechter found two or more species of the genus at most of

the localities he touched at in that country.

The range of some of the species is very large, e.g., of carinatus,

glabrifrons, and macer. Many, however, have a very limited range,

being often confined to a few Divisions. By far the larger number

inhabit the western half of Cape Colony between the south coast and

the Orange River, within which region doubtless a number of forms

still remain to be discovered.

A striking feature of the species of this genus is their proneness to

form local races or varieties, showing peculiarities of either color-

ation, size, armature of the tarsi, number of pectinal teeth, length

of fingers of hands, granulation of the sterna and interocular area,

form of spiracles, &&. On the other hand, all specimens from one

and the same locality are nearly always similar amongst themselves

as regards these characters.

It may be stated as a general rule that the species in which the

median groove of the carapace is forked anteriorly are characteristic

of the districts bordering on or near to the west coast of the Cape

Colony, viz., Cape, Stellenbosch, Paarl, Malmesbury, Tulbagh

(south-western part), Piquetberg, Clanwilliam, Calvinia (at least the

western part), Van Rhynsdorp, and Namaqualand (exclusive of

Great Bushmanland), while those species in which the groove is

not forked occupy the territory lying to the east and north of the

coast belt above mentioned, and extending as far west as the

Divisions of Stellenbosch (southern part), Caledon, Worcester, Tul-

bagh (exclusive of the south-western part), Ceres, Sutherland, Fraser-

berg (?), Kenhardt, Great Bushmanland, and German South-West

Africa. Besides carvinatus, which occurs in Bushmanland, German

South-West Africa, and Rhodesia, pictus is the only notable excep-

tion to the above rule, the latter being the only species with a forked

groove found in the Republics or in the eastern parts of the Cape

Colony. It is recorded from Port Hlizabeth and the Orange Free

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 137

State, and is apparently quite separated geographically from any

other species of the section. In the Cedarberg Range in Clanwilliam

one species without the forked groove is found, while Little Bush-

manland harbours representatives of both sections.

I shall first consider the region occupied by the species provided

with a forked groove.

Starting from the south-west and proceeding northwards, we meet

in succession with four closely related forms, viz., capensis (Cape

Town and neighbourhood), var. fuscipes (Paarl and south-western part

of Tulbagh), lecpoldti (Clanwilliam), and granifrons (highlands of Van

Rhynsdorp and Namaqualand). Characteristic of these four forms

is the coarse granulation on the ventral surface of several posterior

abdominal segments in the adult male and of the last segment in the

female. This granulation is always present in the mesial part of the

segment, even if absent from the sides. Related to granifrons but

differing chiefly in the smoothness of the sterna (except in the case

of the male of the first) are granicauda and ater from Namaqualand,

schlechteri from Little Bushmanland, and laticawda from Calvinia.

All these species, together with crassimanus and probably also

pictus, appear to form a natural group, characterised by the median

groove of the carapace forked anteriorly (except in crassimanus), the

terminal tooth of the superior caudal crests enlarged (except in var.

fuscipes), the fourth tarsus with few spines, there being generally

none, rarely one, on the exterior part of the inferior surface, and

often only three on the external terminal lobe, the hand in the

male (except in capensis and leipoldt:) generally granular above and

like that of the female but narrower, the scape of the pectines in the

male generally free of teeth at base behind (except in capensis), and

the racket-shaped lamellz on basal joint of mandibles absent or only

1-3 in number.

O. pallidipes and peringueyi form a small group apparently not

related to the granifrons group and having the hand in the adult

males very long, slender, and smooth above. O. pallidipes extends

over almost the same area occupied by the granifrons group (from

Piquetberg to Namaqualand), occurring in abundance, however, only

in places where no representatives of the latter group are found.

The fourth tarsus is many-spined, being always provided with 1-3

external spines below and 4 on the external terminal lobe. The

terminal tooth of the superior caudal crests is enlarged, and the

lamella on the basal mandibular joint may be present or absent.

Passing to the species in which the median groove of the carapace

is not forked, we find in the first place a small group of three forms

138 Annals of the South African Museum.

which differ from the pallidipes group only in the absence of the

forked groove. All are karroo-forms, and include karrooensis in-

habiting Robertson, Prince Albert, Beaufort West, Victoria West,

and probably also some of the adjoining Divisions, and two forms

from Bushmanland, viz., gigas and longicauda.

O. austerus, which does not appear to be closely related to any

other species, has been recorded from the eastern high-lying part of

the Worcester Division, and from Sutherland.

A large group of mostly dark-coloured species, characterised by

the superior caudal crests not ending in an enlarged tooth, occupy

the southern and eastern part of Cape Colony, Natal, the Republics,

and Rhodesia. This group runs into two series connected by O.

macer, viz., (a) forms with the sides of the carapace coarsely granular : *

chapert (Langeberg Range in Robertson and Worcester Divisions),

fossor (western part of Worcester Division and greater part of

Tulbagh Division), and pattisoni (Cedarbergen in Clanwilliam

Division) ; () forms with the sides of the carpace finely granular : t

macer extending along the South-West Coast from False Bay to

Zululand and northwards as far as Ceres, latimanus from Albany

Division, pugnax from Transvaal (also Natal and eastern part of

Cape Colony, teste Pocock), glabrifrons from north-east of Cape

Colony, Transvaal, and Rhodesia. This group, although as large

as the granifrons group, is much more homogeneous. The fourth

tarsus has 4 spines on the external lobe and 1-3 (rarely none)

external spines on the under side as well. The pectines are

rectangular at the base behind in the male. The last segment of

the abdominal sterna is often smooth in the middle and granular

laterally.

O. crassimanus from Bushmanland is evidently closely related to

granifrons, with which I have grouped it above in spite of the

absence of a forked median groove.

O. wahlbergi from Bushmanland and German South-West Africa

and O. flavescens from the latter territory are, as regards their affini-

ties, apparently isolated forms.

I wish here to express my obligations to Dr. J. W. B. Gunning,

Director of the Staats Museum at Pretoria, for having placed the

valuable collection of Transvaal scorpions of his Museum at my

disposal for examination. This collection proved of great service in

the elucidation of certain points in connection with O. pugnax and

O. glabrifrons.

* Including also O. intermedius, Kraep. (locality unknown).

+ Including also O. breviceps, Poc. (locality unknown).

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 139

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS WAHLBERGI (Thor.).

Miephonus wahlbergi, Thorell, Ann. Mag, N. H. (4) xvii, p. 18,

1876) Atti. Soc. ital.,; xix:, p. 148, 1877, 2.

Opisthophthalmus wahlbergi, Kraepelin, Revis. d. Skorp., 1,

p. 83, in Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., xi., 1, 1894.

Area of Distribution—German South-West Africa (part ?) and

north-western corner of Cape Colony (Little and Great Bushman-

land).

The Museum possesses a very large number of specimens,

recently collected by Mr. Max Schlechter in Bushmanland, in the

Divisions of Namaqualand and Kenhardt. These belong to two

races, readily distinguishable by the coloration of the cauda but not

presenting, as far as I can detect, any structural differences.

A. Yellow-stinged Race.—Fourth caudal segment black, lighter

above, the fifth segment black, except at the posterior end, which is

pale yellow like the vesicle; mandibles and fingers not darkened ;

breadth of hand equalling or only slightly exceeding (by not more

than 4 mm.) the length of hand-back in adult @, but less than

the length of hand-back in young females; No. of pectinal teeth in

@ 16-22, in g 23-29. Inhabits a narrow strip of country in Little

Bushmanland, lying immediately south of the Orange River between

Hunitsamas and Naroep.

(a) 57 2 (30 adult) and 29 g (6 adult) * from the neighbourhood

of Naroep: No. of pectinal teeth in 9 17-22, in g 24-29; length of

carapace in ad. 2 113-15 mm., inad. g 12-123 mm.

(b) 15 2 (Qad.) and 8 g (2 ad.) from Hunitsamas, seven miles south

of Ramond’s Drift on the Orange River: No. of pect. teeth in ?

16-21, in $ 23-28; length of carapace in ad. ¢ 114-134 mm., in

ad. g 114-123 mm.

Mr. Schlechter also found this variety at—

manland.

(2) Vuurdood, near Ramond’s Drift, Namaqualand Division.

B. Black-stinged Race.—Vesicle, whole of fifth caudal segment,

the greater part of the fourth, and a few patches at the posterior

end of the third segment below, blackened ; fingers of the mandibles

* These figures throughout this paper represent the number of specimens

which I have individually examined with regard to the pectinal teeth, length of

carapace, armature of tarsi, &c. The figures given for the pectinal teeth, there-

fore, represent the actual limits, between which their number varies in a given

set of specimens. Similarly the figures given for the lengths of the carapace

represent the least and greatest length in each set.

140 Annals of the South African Museum.

black, those of the palps reddish brown; breadth of hand varying

according to the locality, being either as in Race A, or else consider-

ably exceeding the length of hand-back (by 1-14 mm.) in ad. @, but

equal to, or less than, this length in the younger females; No. of

pect. teeth in 2? 16-20, in g 23-30. This form appears to extend

throughout the whole length of Little and Great Bushmanland but

excepting at Naroep, where both races meet, it does not appear

to encroach upon the territory occupied by the Yellow-stinged Race.

Localities in the Namaqualand Division :—

(a) 13 2 (7 ad.) and 6 juv. ¢ from Grasmond (on the road from

Steinkopf to Henkries): No. of pect. teeth in ? 16-20, in g

23-26 ; length of carapace in ad. ? 114-134 mm.

(0) Jackalswater (half-way between Steinkopf and Henkries).

manland: No. of pect. teeth in ? 17-20, in $ 23-28; length of

carapace in ad. 9 102-13 mm., in ad. g 11-124 mm.

(d) 21 @ (18 ad.) and 12 juy. g collected between Henkries and

Wolftoon in Little Bushmanland: No. of pect. teeth in @ 17-20,

in g 25-30; length of carapace in ad. ? 102-13 mm.

(e) 28 9 (18 ad.) and 16 juv. g from Sabies, in Bushmanland :

No. of pect. teeth in 9 16-20, in 3 24-29; length of carapace in

ad. ? 11-13 mm.

(f) 838 ad. 2 and 15 g (3 ad.) from Naroep, Great Bushmanland:

No. of pect. teeth in @ 15-20, in g 23-29; length of carapace in

ad. ? 11-13 mm., in ad. g 122-134 mm.

(g) 12 ad. 2? and 11 ¢ (2 ad.) from Naramoep, Great Bushman-

land: No. of pect. teeth in ? 16-19, in 9 22-26; length of

carapace in ad. 9 124-154 mm., inad. g 13-143 mm.

(h-7) Aggenys, Gams, and Kykgat, all in Great Bushmanland.

Localities in the Kenhardt Division :—

(k-o) Namies, Pofadder, Rooibank, De Neus, and Houmoed, all in

Great Bushmanland, in the western part of Kenhardt Division.

Besides the above specimens the Museum also possesses an ad.

? and a young g from German South-West Africa (Dr. Marloth),

in which none of the caudal segments nor the mandibles are

blackened: No. of pect. teeth in ? 18-19, in 9 25; length of

carapace in ? 143 mm.; breadth of hand much exceeds the length

of the hand-back (by 13 mm.).

In O. wahlbergi the interocular area in the female is either smooth

or provided with a few scattered granules anteriorly, and in front of

the median eye-tubercle, while in the adult male it is granular

(rarely almost smooth) anteriorly, and in front of the eye-tubercle,

Species of Opisthophthalnvus. 141

and smooth only on the convexities. The length of the carapace is

equal to that of the first two caudal segments taken together in the

adult male, and to these two segments together with 4 of the third

in the females and nearly adult males. The scape of the pectines

is free of teeth at the base for about 4-2 of its length in the female,

and for 1-4 of its length in the male (and not rectangular at the

base). The humerus and brachium of the adult male are longer

than in the female, but the hand is of about the same length,

although much narrower ; the upper side of the hand is nearly flat

in the adult male, and the finger-keel is very much more strongly

developed than in the female. The hand of the nearly adult male

resembles that of the female.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CARINATUS (Pet.).

1861. Heterometrus carinatus, Peters, Sitz. Ber. Berl. Akad., 1861,

p- 505 (I have not seen this work).

1877. Opisthophthalnus anderssoni, Thorell, Atti, Soc. ital., xix.,

p. 239, 2° (teste Kraepelin).

1877. Opisthophthalmus histrio, Thorell, ibid., p. 242, 3 juv.

1879. Petrooicus carinatus, Karsch, Munch. Entom. Mitt., 1879,

p. 109 (quoted from Kraepelin).

1887. Petrooicus furcatus, Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (6) vii.,

p. 380.

1893. Cicopetrus carinatus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xi.,

p. 307.

1894. Opisthophthalmus carinatus, Kraepelin, Revis. d. Skorp., ii.,

p. 89.

(a) 1 young and 2 ad. ? from Houmoed (Kenhardt Division)

and Naroep (Namaqualand Division), both in Great Bushmanland

(Max Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth 19-20; length of carapace

in ad. ¢ 174-19 mm.; interocular area fusco-olivaceous like the

rest of the carapace ; * legs pale ochraceous.

(6) 1 juv. 2 from Jackalswater, half-way between Steinkopf

and Ramond’s Drift, Namaqualand Division) (Max Schlechter).

This specimen, which is the smallest we possess, is 35 mm. long,

and agrees closely with O. histrio, Thor., having the hands, the

upper edges of the fifth caudal segment, and the carapace smooth,

and the anterior margin of carapace not crenulated. The anterior fork

* A type of coloration, as Pocock remarks, rare in this genus, and found by

him also in specimens of carinatus from Mashunaland.

142 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the median groove of the carapace is not developed. The absence

of an anterior upper crest of granules from the humerus in histrio is

doubtless due to its being much younger, as it measured only 26 mm.

in length. I have no doubt as to the correctness of Kraepelin’s view

that histrio is merely a very young male of anderssoni, Thor.

(Dr. Marloth): No. of pect. teeth in ? 17-20, in g 24. The adult

male differs from the females in having a longer and stouter tail,

the posterior basal angle of the pectinal scape nearly rectangular,

and therefore toothed along nearly its whole length (in the ? free

of teeth at base behind for about ? of its length), and the hands

slightly narrower, flatter above, with longer fingers. Width of hand

in 2 134 mm., in ¢ 124 mm.; length of hand-back in ¢ 10 mm., in

3 10$mm.; length of movable finger in @ 134 mm., in g 181 mm.

Further, the under surface of the abdominal and anterior caudal seg-

ments are strongly corrugated in the male but smooth in the female.

The area of distribution of this species is of very great extent, it

having been also recorded from various parts of South-East Africa.

It has not been found south of Bushmanland in the Cape Colony,

nor in the Republics or Natal.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS SCHLECHTERI, Pure.,

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i., p. 12 (juv. 3 ), 1898.

Area of Distribution.—Mr. Max Schlechter found this species in

that part of Little Bushmanland which lies between Henkries,

Naroep, and Sabies, this being nearly the same area occupied by

the yellow-stinged race of O. wahlbergi.

(2) 5 @ (4 ad.) and 2 ad. § from Henkries, Little Bushmanland

(Maz Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-17,in g 18-22; length

of carapace in ad. 9 133-142 mm., in ad. g 133-14 mm.

(0) 6 2 (4 ad.) and 8 ¢ (3 ad.) collected between Henkries and

Wolftoon in Little Bushmanland (Max Schlechter): No. of pect.

teeth in ? 13-16, in g 19-22; length of carapace in ad. ? 134-

143 mm., in ad. 3 133-14 mm.

Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth in 9 15-16, in g 20-21; length of

carapace in ? 134 mm., in g 132 mm.

(d-g) Specimens from Vuurdood (near Ramond’s Drift on the

Orange River), Hunitsamas (near Vuurdood), Sabies, and Naroep

(Max Schlechter).

The type-specimen of this species has since proved to be a young

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 143

male. It differs, however, so little from the adult that I need

make only a few corrections and additions to the original descrip-

tion.

Adult Male (recently killed, in spirits).

Colowr.—The narrow black stripe on each side of the interocular

area of the carapace is very often absent.

Carapace as long as the first two caudal segments taken together ;

its anterior edge generally slightly emarginate in the middle; sides

of the carapace granular, coarsely so along the lateral borders of the

interocular area.”

Terga very finely roughened anteriorly, finely granular posteriorly

and at the sides.

Palps.—Under surface of humerus more or less granular ; hands

with the inner part of upper surface weakly convex, nearly smooth

or weakly granular, the secondary keels practically obsolete, the two

black lines representing these keels sometimes absent ; finger-keel

moderate, granular, or nearly smooth, especially in the distal

part.

Pectines with 18-22 teeth.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 96; length of carapace

14; width of carapace 12; distance of eyes from anterior edge 9 ;

width of hand 84; length of hand-back 94, of movable finger 121,

of tail 55 ; width of first caudal segment 53, of fifth caudal segment

3s.

Six adult specimens from Bushmanland. The humerus and

brachium are somewhat longer, while the hand is much narrower

than in the female.

Adult female (recently killed, in spirits).

The adult female closely resembles the adult male, but differs

from it in the following characters :—

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segment and one-

half of the third.

Terga.—Segments 1-6 smooth and shiny, granular only at the

sides ; seventh segment smooth anteriorly.

Palps.—The crests of the humerus and brachium and often also

* In the synoptic table in my previous paper (p. 30 of this journal) this granu-

lation is represented as being finer than that of granicauda and ater. In the

adults of schlechtert and granicauda, however, the granulation is equally coarse,

although finer than in ater.

144 Annals of the South African Musewm.

the granules on the upper surface of hands darkened ; hand more

convex above and broader, its breadth generally slightly exceeding the

length of hand-back in the adult, but less than this length in the

young female.

Pectines with 13-17 teeth.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 90 ; length of carapace

14; width of carapace 124; distance of eyes from anterior edge 94 ;

width of hand 94; length of hand-back 9, of movable finger 104, of

tail 47 ; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal segment 3.

Nine adult specimens from Bushmanland.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GRANIFRONS, Pocock,

Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii., p. 240, pl. x., fig. 1-1b, 1896.

Headquarters.—High-lying parts of the Division of Namaqua-

land, C. Col. (with winter rains), where it is extremely abundant.

According to Mr. Max Schlechter this scorpion lives in deep burrows

of about 14-2 feet in length.

The following is a list of the specimens in the Museum, the

localities of which are accurately known :—

A. Principal Form.—In the last segment of the abdominal sterna

in the g about 15 irregular transverse rows of granules may be

roughly counted between the front and hind margins. Terminal

tarsus of third leg generally with one (very rarely two) external

spines below in addition to the four spines on the external terminal

lobe.

(a) 28 ad. @ and 21 ad. ¢ from Steinkopf (2,700 ft., W. H. Turle,

M. Schlechter) : No. of pect. teeth in @ 10-15, in g 14-18 ; length

of carapace in ¢ 134-16 mm., in gf 123-143 mm. ; external inferior

spine of tarsus of third leg present in 88 per cent. of cases ; the

larger transverse granules of the last abdominal sternite in the g

oval to linear; the granulation of the anterior half of the interocular

area rather weak, and only a few of the granules bordering the sides

of this area are large and coarse.

(b) 8 @ (ad. and juv.) and 4 juv. g from Annenous (ito. ite,

W. H. Turle): No. of pect. teeth in ¢ 12-15, in g 16-18; length of

carapace in ad. 9 13-15 mm.; external tarsal spine of third leg

present in 90 per cent. of cases; granulation and carapace as in the

specimens from Steinkopf. (Placed provisionally in this group).

The Museum also possesses a few specimens from—

Namaqualand Division, Max Schlechter) ;

Species of Opisthophthalnus. 145

(d) Grasmond (half-way between Steinkopf and Jackalswater) ;

(ce) Sabies, Bushmanland (M. Schlechter).

The specimens from these three logalities are of interest as they

occur in the territory belonging to crassimanus and wahlbergi, and

appear here very much rarer than the two latter. There are no

adult males amongst them, but they agree in other respects with the

principal form with which I provisionally place them. Tarsus of

third leg always with one external spine below.

B. Var. 3 (Southern Race).—Last segment of the sterna in the

& with about 20 or more irregular transverse rows of granules,

the granules on this segment being much more numerous and closer

together. Tarsus of third leg generally with no external spine below.

Inhabits more southern territory.

(f) ad. 2 anddad. 3, collected between Steinkopf and Springbok

(Max Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth in 9 18-17, in g 17-20;

length of carapace in 9 154-184 mm., in g 161-17 mm.; ex-

ternal tarsal spine of third leg present in only 11 per cent. of

cases ; the mesial sternal granules in the g mostly strongly

linear ; the granulation on the anterior half of the interocular area

and on the sides of the carapace very coarse and strong.

(g) 10 ad. 2 and 8 ad. g from the Kamiesberg (Maw Schlechter) :

No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-18, in g 18 (rarely 16)-22; length of

carapace in @ 144-17 mm., in § 153-174 mm. ; external tarsal spine

of third leg present in 31 per cent. of cases; mesial sternal granules

in the g mostly linear; granulation of the carapace generally

moderately strong.

(h) 2ad. @ andl ad. 3 from Garies (alt. 830 ft., Max Schlechter) :

No. of pect. teeth in 9 13-17, in g 19-21; length of carapace in 9

173 mm., in g 154 mm.; no external spine below on tarsus of third

leg ; mesial sternal granules in ¢ linear-oval, finer than in the

previous specimens, the granulation thus approaching that of O.

leipoldti ; granulation of carapace moderately strong.

From the above it appears that O. granifrons is made up of two

races, distinguishable chiefly by the granulation of the last segment

of the abdominal sterna in the male, but also, although with much

less certainty, by the limits within which the length of the carapace

and the number of the pectinal teeth vary, and by the presence or

absence of the external inferior spine on the tarsi of the third pair of

legs. These differences alone are, however, not of specific import-

ance. Pocock’s typical female, as well as his male specimen,

evidently both belong to the northern or principal form, his young

specimen, however, to the southern race. As the pectines were

146 Annals of the South African Museum.

absent from the specimen correctly described by Pocock as the male

of granifrons, I may here mention that the scape of the pectines is

rounded at the base and free of teeth in the male for about 1, in the

? for about 2 of its length.

The following remarks are based on a careful examination of

considerably over a hundred adult specimens from various localities.

The finger-keel is composed of coarse granules, by which this

species is generally readily distinguishable from its allies O. leipoldti,

fuscipes, and capensis. Occasionally, although rarely, the granules

in the distal part fuse toa short smooth ridge, which, however,

never occupies more than + of the length of the keel. The granula-

tion on the last abdominal sternite of the ? is weak, but never quite

absent, and may extend over nearly the whole segment or be reduced

to a few mesial granules. The superior process of the tarsi is very

rarely almost as long as the lateral lobes, being generally much

shorter than these. The number of the spines on the external lobe

of the posterior tarsi is remarkably constant. I found four such

spines on one of the legs in a single specimen ; in every other case

there were only three. The posterior half of the interocular area of

the carapace is generally nearly smooth, but in a few specimens (of

unknown locality) with very strong granulation the whole of this

area was coarsely granular. The maxillary processes are often

entirely infuscated.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LEIPOLDT!, Purce.,

Ann.S; Air. Mus; 1., p..18, pl. a., fe, 5, of and: 9.1698.

The Museum has recently received an additional number of well-

preserved specimens (in formaline) kindly collected by Mr. R.

Pattison at Clanwilliam (alt. 245 ft.). The species lives in burrows

alongside of the main street of the village. The total number of

adult specimens, which I have been able to carefully examine, now

amounts to 22 @ and15 4. Theexternal lobe of the tarsus of fourth

leg is almost invariably provided with three spines, a single specimen

witb four such spines being the only exception I came across. Inno

case is the superior process of the tarsi shorter than the lateral lobes.

The pectinal teeth vary as already recorded. The finger-keel is not

rarely broken up into granules in its proximal part, so much so,

sometimes, that the smooth distal portion only occupies 4 of the

length of the keel. The posterior side of the brachium is always

furnished along the middle, especially in the distal half, with some

coarse isolated granules, in addition to the semicircular ridges

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 147

encircling the hair-pits. The presence of these granules and of those

on the upper crest of the brachium constitute the principal characters

by which this species can be distinguished from the closely allied

O. capensis. Length of the carapace in adult ? 123-15 mm.; in

adult g¢ 13-145 mm.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CAPENSIS (Herbst).

In his ‘ Revision der Skorpione’ (p. 100) Kraepelin appears to

have confused two different species under the name of O. pilosus.

The male is, of course, that of capensis, and it seems to me very

probable that the female of his pilosws is the male of O. granifrons,

Pocock. I have not seen O. latro, Thor., but it is evidently only a

male specimen of capensis, which is larger and darker than usual.

In Thorell’s elaborate description I cannot discover a single structural

difference, and Thorell himself relied only upon the larger size and

dark coloration to distinguish his species from capensis. A very

large male of the latter in our collection measures 83 mm. in length,

while Thorell’s /atvo is 89 mm. long. In the structure of the finger-

keel and of the superior crest and posterior surface of the brachium,

in which capensis differs from its nearest allies, leipoldti and

granifrons, latro resembles capensis. Further, latro, Thor., and

pilosus, C. L. Koch, are stated to be identical by Kraepelin, who

was able to examine and compare the type-specimens of both.

In a previous paper (p. 20 of this journal) I described a scorpion

from the Tulbagh Division, under the name of O. fuscipes. At that

time I was acquainted only with the form of O. capensis which occurs

in the Cape Peninsula, and was able to sharply separate it from O,

fuscipes, velying principally on the shape of the spiracles, the

number of spines on the external lobe of the posterior tarsus, and

the coloration. An examination of a number of additional specimens

of both forms, especially those taken at new localities, has convinced

me of the trifling specific value of these characters in the present

case. Thus the external lobe of the fourth tarsus is always provided

with 3 spines in specimens of either form taken outside of the

Cape Peninsula; in specimens of capensis from Stellenbosch and

Malmesbury the spiracles are often (and in the specimens from

the Peninsula occasionally) wider in the middle than at the ends,

thus approaching the condition which obtains in fuscipes. Moreover,

in specimens from the Paarl, which otherwise closely agree with

fuscipes, the spiracles although wider in the middle are generally

narrower than in the typical fwscipes, the narrowest spiracles of these

specimens exactly resembling the widest spiracles of the Stellenbosch

148 Annals of the South African Museum.

and Malmesbury specimens of capensis. I therefore prefer now to

reduce fuscipes to the rank of a sub-species or local race of O.

capensis.

The specimens in the South African Museum may then be grouped

as follows :—

A. Principal Form: O. capensis (Herbst).

Scorpio capensis, Herbst., Naturg. d. Ungefl. Ins., iv., p. 62, pl. v.,

fig. 2, 1800. I have not seen this work.

Opisthophthalmus pilosus, C. L. Koch, Die Arach., iv., p. 91, fig.

309, 1838, adult g ; Kraepelin ad partem, Revis. d. Skorp., ii,

yp 100, 1894, ad. @j mont oe

O. maxillosus, C. L. Koch, ibid., p. 93, fig. 310, young.

O. latro, Thorell, Atti. Soc. ital., xix., p. 225, 1877, 3.

O. capensis, Thor., ibid., p. 227, g and @ ; Kraepelin, loc. cit.,

p. 97, @ and juv. g; Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii, p. 234; non

C. Li. Koch, loc. cet., p. 89, fig. 308.

Characters.—Legs unicoloured, ochraceous (becoming reddish

yellow in old spirit specimens). Terminal tooth of superior caudal

crests enlarged and often spiniform in segments 2—4; spiracles with

parallel edges, or somewhat wider in the middle than at the ends ;

number of pectinal teeth 10-13 in the ?, 12-15 in the g; outer

lobe of tarsus of fourth leg with 3-4 spines.

Distribution.—South-Western corner of Cape Colony (Cape,

Stellenbosch and Malmesbury Divisions).

(a) 10 ad. 9 and 12 ad. g from round about Cape Town. They

live in deep burrows, and under stones, and are often extremely

common on the hillsides (Signal Hill, Table Mountain, Camps Bay,

Wynberg Hill); also in level sandy plains (Constantia area). No.

of pect. teeth in @ 10-13,in g 12-15; length of carapace in 9

104-132 mm., in § 9$-12% mm. ; external lobe of tarsus of fourth leg

with 4 spines, rarely with only 3 (in 9 per cent. of cases) ; this tarsus

occasionally (in 7 per cent. of cases) provided with an external inferior

spine in addition to the 4 on the terminal lobe ; penultimate segment

of the abdominal sterna, with a few weak mesial granules in the 9? ,

but coarsely granular in the adult ¢. Ground-colour of palps and

carapace ochraceous, the cauda ochraceous in the ¢, darker in

the @. Spiracles very narrow with parallel edges, rarely somewhat

wider in the middle than at the ends.

(b) 2ad. ? from Simonstown, Cape Peninsula (£. Purcell): No.

of pect. teeth 10-11 ; length of carapace 112 mm.; external lobe of

fourth tarsus with 3-4 spines; spiracles narrow with parallel edges;

coloration and sterna as in the Cape Town specimens.

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 149

sion: No. of pect. teeth 12; length of carapace 10 mm.; external

lobe of fourth tarsus with 3 spines; spiracles narrow with parallel

edges ; coloration and sterna as in the Cape Town specimens.

(7) 5 2 (2 ad.) from the village of Malmesbury (Ff. Purcell). No.

of pect. teeth 10-13; length of carapace in ad. 2? 124-123 mm.;

external lobe of fourth tarsus with 3 spines; penultimate segment of

the sterna quite smooth; coloration as in the Cape Town specimens ;

spiracles narrow with parallel edges or wider in the middle than at

the ends.

(ec) lad. @ from the Papagaai Berg at the town of Stellenbosch

(Ff. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth 11-12 ; length of carapace 102 mm. ;

external lobe of fourth tarsus with 3-4 spines; sterna and colora-

tion as in the specimens from Cape Town; spiracles somewhat

wider in the middle than at the ends.

B. Sub-specific Form: O. capensis fuscipes, Pure.

Scorpio afer, Wulfen non Linn., in: Nav. Wulfen, Descriptiones

Quorundam Capensium Insectorum. Hrlange ; p. 39, fig. 21, 1786;

adult 3.

Opisthophthalmus fuscipes, Purcell, Ann. South African Museum,

vol. i., p. 20, 1898, # and 2°.

Characters.—Legs dark reddish brown on anterior (outer) surface,

ochraceous on inner surface. Terminal tooth of superior caudal

crests generally not at all enlarged, sometimes enlarged but rarely

spiniform ; spiracles always wider, generally very much wider in

the middle than at the ends; No. of pect. teeth 9-10 (rarely 7-12)

in the 9, 9-13 in the g ; external lobe of fourth tarsus always

3-spined ; whole posterior surface of brachium very uneven

Distribution.—Paarl and south-western part of Tulbagh Division.

The existence of an old description of a Cape Opisthophthalmus

by Wulfen was recently pointed out to me by Mr. R. M. Light-

foot. This appears to be the first description of a species of the

genus, although the author wrongly identified his specimen with

Scorpio afer of Linneus. Wulfen’s description may be summarised

as follows: Body rufo-piceus, the carapace blackened, with piceo-

rufus interocular area, the legs and cauda piceo-rufus, the mandibles

rufo-piceus. Hands convex above, with 5 elevated, darker, tuber-

cular crests and pilose at the margins. Cauda with 8 granular

crests. The under surface of cauda and of last abdominal segment

and the hands tuberculate. Pectines with 12 teeth. From this

description and the figure Wulfen’s scorpion may be identified with-

out difficulty as the adult male of fuscipes.

150 Annals of the South African Museum.

The specimens in the Museum include :—

(a) Types: 8ad. 2 and6 ¢ (3 ad.) from the Tulbagh Road Railway

Station at the foot of the Waterfall Mts., Tulbagh Div. (Ff. Purcell) :

No. of pect. teeth in ? 9-10 (rarely 11-12), in g 11-12 (rarely 9) ;

length of carapace in ad. @ 11-12% mm., in ad. g¢ 94-10} mm.;

terminal spine of superior eaudal crests sometimes enlarged, rarely

spiniform. Colour a rich, deep reddish brown (including the outer

surface of legs, the cauda, the interocular area and sides of cara-

pace, and the palps), the inner basal part of hands above, and

sometimes also the interocular area, somewhat yellowish. Spiracles

much wider in the middle than at the ends, the posterior edge

being much more arched than the anterior edge. Penultimate

sternal segment quite smooth (rarely with traces of weak granula-

tion in the middle) in the ?, finely granular in the adult 3.

(6) 9 ¢ (4 ad.) and 8 ¢ (1 ad.) from the Paarl (A. M. Light-

foot): No. of pect. teeth in ? 9-10 (rarely 7 or 8), in g 10-13;

length of carapace in ad. ? 10-102 mm.,inad. ¢ 92mm. Colora-

tion as in the typical fuscipes, the interocular area and. the hands,

however, more ochraceous. Spiracles wider in the middle than at

the ends, although not so wide as in the specimens from the Water-

fall Mts. Terminal tooth of superior caudal crests not at all or

scarcely enlarged, not spiniform. Penultimate segment of sterna

as in typical fuscipes in both sexes.

The posterior surface of the brachium in capensis is never coarsely

‘granular along the middle as in leipoldti and granifrons, but is. pro-

vided instead with several rows of circular or semicircular ridges,

representing the elevated edges of the little depressions in which the

hair-pits lie. In var. fuscipes the posterior surface is altogether

rougher, the ridges along the middle often fuse to irregular, some-

what crenulated crests, between which a granule or two occasion-

ally appears. The superior crest of the brachium is usually smooth,

or nearly so (erenulated in fuscipes), but sometimes it is furnished

a little proximal to the middle of the segment with a row of gran-

ules which, however, are generally situated on the anterior side of

the crest, just under its upper edge, causing the latter to still appear

nearly smooth when viewed from behind. The superior lobe of the

tarsus of fourth leg is never shorter than the lateral lobes. The scape

of the pectines is rounded at the base and free of teeth for about 3 of

its length in the @ ; in the g the scape is straight at the base,

though not quite rectangular to its axis, being free of teeth for

about } to + of its length.

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 151

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PICTUS, Kraepelin,

Revis. d. Skorp., ii., p. 102, 1894.

lad. ¢ from Port Elizabeth (J. P. Cregoe).

The types were recorded from the Orange Free State.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PALLIDIPES, ©. L. Koch.

O. pallipes, C. L. Koch, Die Arachniden, x., p. 3, fig. 757, 1848,

ad. 3.

O. pallidipes, Thorell, Atti. Soc. ital., xix., p. 227, 1877, ade er:

Kraepelin, Revis. d. Skorp., Jahr. Hamb. Wiss. Anstalten, x1., 1.,

p. 87, 1894; Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvil., fig. of ad. 2 on

“p. 236, 1896.

Area of Distribution.—A strip of country (with winter rains) along

the west coast of Cape Colony, extending less than 100 miles inland.

Headquarters: Bokkeveld Mts. (Calvinia and Van Rhynsdorp Div.),

Cedarbergen (Clanwilliam Div.), Piquetberg Range (Piquetberg

Div.) ; besides stragglers are found in the whole territory occupied

by O. granifrons in the Diy. of Namaqualand.

(a) Lad. ? and 1 juv. g from Steinkopf in Namaqualand, alt.

2,700 ft. (Max Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth in ? 20-21, in ¢

26-27 ; length of carapace in ? 165 mm. ; abdominal sterna and

interocular area of @ smooth; colour of @ black, excepting the

legs, vesicle, interocular area and the hands. This is the most

northern locality recorded.

(b) 1 g juv., from the village of Van Rhynsdorp, alt. 400 ft.

(Max Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth 25-26.

country known as the Onder Bokkeveld on the Bokkeveld Mts. (near

Nieuwoudtville), Calvinia Div. (Max Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth

in ? 16-21, in g 24-29; length of carapace in ad. 9 153-17 mm., in

ad. g¢ 164 mm. ; interocular area smooth in the adult ; segments 1-4

of the abdominal sterna finely granular at the lateral edges in the

adult g, smooth in the @ ; segment 5 smooth, generally with

distinct traces of lateral keels ; colour of humerus, brachium, cauda

and of hind-border of the tergal segments lighter (especially in the

male), ochraceous brown.

(d) 8 @ (Lad.) and 7 juv. g from the Pakhuisberg, Clanwilliam

Div. (Max Schlechter) : No. of pect. teeth in the @ 16-22, in the 3

25-31; length of carapace in ad. ¢ 16 mm.; interocular area nearly

smooth, very weakly granular in the anterior half; sterna as above.

152 Annals of the South African Museum.

These specimens show the lighter coloration of those from the

Bokkeveld Mts., but possess a larger number of pectinal teeth.

No. of pect. teeth in @ 18-21 ; length of carapace in ad. 9 165 mm.

T'kese specimens show the lighter coloration of the tail and palps.

(f) 1 juv. g¢ from the Kaakadouw Pass, alt. 1,000-3,000 ft., in

the Cedarbergen, Clanwilliam Div. (R. Pattison and C. L. Leipoldt):

No. of pect. teeth 26-28.

(g) 2 juv. 2 and 2 ad. 3 from the Mission Station at Goede

Verwachting (Gutwerwacht) in the Piquetberg Range, Piquetberg

Div. (Rev. Marks): No. of pect. teeth in ¢ 17-19, in 3 25-28;

length of carapace in g 153 mm.; interocular area of adult smooth,

except quite anteriorly, where there are a few weak granules ; sterna

as in the specimens from the Bokkeveld Mts. ; colour of humerus,

brachium, cauda and hind-border of tergal segments very dark,

nearly black, in the ad. 3.

(h) Lad. g (dry) labelled “ Touws River,” Worcester Div. This

is an old specimen, and I am not quite certain of the locality. It

differs r2markably from the specimens we possess from the more

western parts of the Colony. The upper crest of the brachium is

coarsely crenulated, in the proximal part even granular ; the ventral

surface of the abdomen and of the first two caudal segments, though

apparently smooth to the naked eye, is provided with exceedingly

minute granules, evenly scattered over the surface at distances of

about + mm. apart; the anterior fourth of the interocular area is

coarsely granular; the coloration of the whole animal is compara-

tively light. No. of pect. teeth 26; length of carapace 173 mm.

The Museum possesses adult males agreeing almost exactly in the

dimensions of the different parts with Koch’s figure of the type

specimen. The whole of the upper surface of the first 6 segments

of the terga is extremely finely shagreened, the granules, excepting

a few at the sides, being individually almost invisible, unless magni-

fied. Although these terga are stated by Koch to be smooth in the

type specimen, I have no doubt as to the specific identity of our

specimens and his.

The interocular area of the carapace is generally quite smooth in

the adults of both sexes, though sometimes it is weakly or even

coarsely granular in the anterior part; in the young it is nearly

always granular anteriorly.

In general appearance the adult male greatly resembles that of

kurrooensis, Pur., but the brachium equals the humerus in length

in pallidipes. The carapace is slightly longer than the first two

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 153

caudal segments, while the tail itself is much longer than the trunk ;

the abdominal sterna are quite smooth ; the inner part of the upper

surface of the hand is almost fiat and nearly smooth; the inner

edge of hand is nearly straight and strongly denticulate ; the length

of the hand-back considerably exceeds the breadth of the hand; the

scape of the pectines is rectangular at the base, and toothed along

its whole length ; the genital operculum is transverse.

Measurements in Millimetres of an ad. g.—Total length 105;

length of carapace 164, width 14; distance of eyes from anterior

margin 114; width of hand 9; length of hand-back 9%, of movable

finger 234, of tail 60; width of first caudal segment 6, of fifth 42,

of vesicle 52.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PERINGUEYI, Purcell,

Anns. Air, Mig: 1.,.p. 23, (898, ¢ and 3g.

No exact locality is known for the type of this species, but I have

recently received a large adult female, captured by Messrs. C. L.

Leipoldt and R. Pattison on the Sneeuwkop Mt., in the Cedarberg

Range, Clanwilliam Div., at a height of over 3,000 ft.

This specimen closely resembles the type from which, however,

it differs somewhat in colour—the interocular area of the carapace,

the upper surface of the hands, the vesicle, and the legs being dark

olive-brown instead of reddish yellow. The last sternal segment is

distinctly keeled on each side. Pectines with 16-17 teeth. Total

length 110 mm. ; length and width of carapace 144 mm.; width of

hand 122 mm.; length of hand-back 9 mm. Basal joint of mandible

provided on the inner side with four obovate lamelle (modified

hairs), which are not present in the type specimens.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS KARROOENSIS, Purcell,

AMieose Air Miss i p: 15) pl. a., ne, I pl. um, fis; 2, 1898.

g and @.

Area of Distribution.—Central and South-West Karroo, Cape

Colony (Victoria West, Beaufort West, Prince Albert and Robertson

Divisions).

(a) lad. $ (dry), from Victoria West, alt. 4,100 ft. (R. M. Light-

foot): No. of pect. teeth 28-29; length of carapace 132 mm. ; seg.

5 of the abdominal sterna wrinkled and granular, seg. 4 wrinkled

in the middle and granular at the sides, anterior segments nearly

smooth.

154 Annals of the South African Musewm.

(b) 10 ¢ (8 ad.) and 19 ¢ (4 ad.), from Beaufort West, alt. 2,850 ft.

(fev. G. H. BR. Fisk, J. P. Cregoe, F. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth

in @ 19-22,in g 25-31; length of carapace in ad. ? 144-16 mm.,

in ad. g 13-14 mm.; seg. 5 of the abdominal sterna in the ?

smooth or scarcely granular in the middle, weakly granular in the

depressions at the posterior lateral angles; seg. 2-5 in the @

finely and densely granular throughout, or seg, 2-4 wrinkled in

the middle.

2,120 ft. (F. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in 9 19-22,in g 24-31;

length of carapace in ad. 9 144-16 mm., in ad. g 143-15 mm. ;

seg. 5 of the abdominal sterna in the ? with a few weak mesial

granules posteriorly, seg. 2-5 in ad. g finely and densely granular

throughout.

(d) 4 @ (1 ad.) and 7 juv. 3, from Laingsburg, Prince Albert

Div., alt. 2,128 ft. (7. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in 9 19-22, in

g 24-30; length of carapace in ad. 9 154 mm.; seg. 5 of the

abdominal sterna in the ad. ¢ thickly granular, smooth only along

the anterior border.

(ec) 20 ¢ (12 ad.) and 20 g (9 ad.), from Ashton, Robertson Div.

(Ff. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in 9 15-19 (rarely 21), in g 21-24

(rarely 27); length of carapace in ad. 9 114-134 mm., in ad. 9

114-123 mm.; seg. 5 of the abdominal sterna in the ad. ? perfectly

smooth except in the shallow postero-lateral depressions, where it is

usually provided with a few weak granules; seg. 2 and 3 in the g

smooth or nearly so, granular at the sides, seg. 3 sometimes granular

along hind margin, seg. 4 and 5 densely and finely granular; width

of hand in ? somewhat greater than the length of hand-back; under

side of first caudal segment in the 9 weakly granular, except quite

anteriorly, where it is generally smooth; under side of humerus

nearly smooth, with at most 6-9 small granules in the ¢, very

sparsely granular in the ?, although more granular than in the ¢g.

In other respects these specimens resemble the types.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GIGAS, Purcell,

Ann Swain. Mus.51., p. 5, 1898; i vand 22

The probable locality of the type specimens is Warmbad (Nisbet

Bath), in Great Namaqualand, German South-West Africa. The

Museum has recently acquired a number of fine specimens of this

giant species, collected by Mr. Max Schlechter, in Bushmanland,

Cape Colony. These specimens differ from the types in a few points

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 155

and constitute Var. 6. The specimens in the collection are as

follows :—

A. Principal Form.

median edge of carapace 2?-3 times their distance from posterior

edge. Ventral surface of abdominal and of anterior caudal segments

in male furnished with exceedingly minute granules, although appa-

rently smooth to the naked eye. North of the Orange River.

lad. 2 (type) and 2ad. 3, probably from Warmbad (W. Palgrave) :

No. of pect. teeth in 9 24, in g 24; length of carapace in 9 22 mm.,

in g 214-22 mm.

B. Var. 6.—KEyes farther forward, their distance from the anterior

median edge of carapace only 2-24 times their distance from posterior

edge. Ventral surface of abdominal and anterior caudal segments

perfectly smooth in g (except at extreme lateral borders of sterna,

which are minutely granular, as in principal form). Colour of trunk

and cauda olive-green to olive-brown, of interocular area and hands

yellow, of legs pale ochraceous. Young wholly dark (with the

exception of the legs).

(a) 13 9 (4ad.) and 6 g (Lad.) from Namies on the border between

Namaqualand and Kenhardt Div., Great Bushmanland (Max

Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth in ¢ 19-22, in § 22-27; length of

carapace in ad. ? 203-214 mm., in ad. g 202 mm.; length of

largest 9 156 mm., of g 140 mm.

(b) 2 2 (1 ad.) from Naroep, Great Bushmanland, Namaqualand

Div. (Max Schlechter): No. of pect. teeth 20-22; length of carapace

in ad. 9 22 mm.; total length 160 mm.

Steinkopf and Henkries), Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter) :

No. of pect. teeth in 9 23-24,in g 29. The largest female specimen

is nearly full grown (length 115 mm.), and may be easily identified

from the type specimen of O. gigas.

Eyes far back, their distance from anterior

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS AUSTERUS, Karsch,

Mittheil. Miinch. Ent. Ver., 1879, p. 128; Kraepelin, Revis. d.

Skorp., i1., p. 94, 1894.

Area of Distribution.—Western part of the Great Karroo (Wor-

cester Diy.), Sutherland (?).

(a) 11 9 (6 ad.) and 2 ¢ (1 ad.) from Touws River Station,

alt. 2,500 ft., Worcester Div. (F. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in

@ 15-18, in g 21-23; length of carapace in ad. ? 114-123 mm.

and only slightly exceeding that of first two caudal segments, in

156 Annals of the South African Museum

ad. g 114 mm., and considerably less than that of first two caudal

segments; upper surface of hand coarsely granular throughout in

the @ ; interocular area dark reddish brown, scarcely lighter than

the sides of the carapace.

(6) 1 ad. ? (dry) from Matjesfontein, alt. 2,970 ft. (A. Trimen) :

No. of pect. teeth 15-16; length of carapace 12% mm., somewhat

exceeding that of first two caudal segments; colour of carapace

- and granulation of hand as in the specimens from Touws River.

4,776 ft.) (Rev. de Vries): No. of pect. teeth 18; length of carapace

142 mm., slightly exceeding that of the first two caudal segments ;

inner part of upper surface of hands very much smoother in the

middle than at the sides; interocular area much lighter than the

sides of the carapace.

(d) 4 & (3 ad.), no history attached: No. of pect. teeth 20-22 ;

length of carapace 12-122 mm., equalling that of the first and second

caudal segments ; interocular area much lighter than the sides of the

carapace.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CHAPERI, Simon,

Soc. Ent. France (5), x., p. 387, 1880, 3.

Area of Distribution.—The karroo-like country along the southern

side of the great Langeberg Range from its eastern extremity west-

wards as far as Ashton (Worcester and Robertson Divisions).

(a) 4 @ (ad.) and 3 ¢ (2 ad.) from the base of the Rabiesberg,

near Nuy River Station, Worcester Div. (2. Francke and F’. Purcell):

No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-16, in g¢ 17-19; length of carapace in

ad. 2 124-134 mm., in ad. ¢ 12-122 mm.; interocular area and

inner part of upper surface of hand (except quite distally) ochraceous ;

tail yellowish brown; last segment of the abdominal sterna in the

@ with only a very few weak granules on the rudiments of the

lateral keels.

(b) 8 @ (4 ad.) and3 g (young) from Ashton, Robertson Div.

(F’. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in 9 13-15, in g¢ 17-18; length of

carapace in ad. ? 13-144 mm.; interocular area and inner basal

part of upper surface of hand reddish yellow, the hand much more

extensively blackened in the @, tail dark reddish brown; last

segment of the abdominal sterna in ¢ generally with a. larger

cranulated area on each side in the region of the keels.

Only the male of this species has been described. The following

are the principal characters of the adult female: Colowr as in the

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 157

male. Carapace slightly longer than the first and second caudal

segment (somewhat shorter than these segments in the ¢); inter-

ocular area almost entirely smooth, or weakly granular in the anterior

part (in the ¢ finely granular over almost the whole surface or only

on the anterior half). Terga granular throughout (more densely and

finely so in the ¢). Sterna smooth and shiny, the last with the

rudiments of lateral keels just visible and a few weak granules in the

region of these keels, the mesial portion of the segment either quite

smooth or more commonly, just perceptibly rugoso-granular. (In

the g¢ the last segment is very densely and finely granular, with

rudiments of lateral keels.) Humerus of palpi with the anterior

border of upper surface as well defined as in the male; hands broad

and stout, convex above, less hairy ; finger-keel strong, smooth ; inner

part of upper surface of hand covered with numerous, low, flat,

anastomosing elevations, secondary keels obsolete, indicated by black

lines.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 94; length of carapace

134, width 122; distance of eyes from anterior margin 94; width of

hand 11; length of hand-back 74, of movable finger 124, of tail

49; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth 34, of vesicle 4.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS FoOSSOR, Purcell,

ATES. Att, Mus, 12, (p, Os plein, nos. 4 4@, 1898 9g Oo

Area of Distribution.—Divisions of Tulbagh and Worcester

(western part).

(a) 14 9 (11 ad.) and 6 ¢ (5 ad.) from Schlanghoek, Worcester

Div. (R. Francke, F. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in ? 12-14

(rarely 16), in g§ 17-20; length of carapace in ad. ? 124-132 mm.,

inad. g 11-124 mm.

(6) 4 @ (1 ad.) and 2 gf (1 ad.) from the Roode Zands Mts.

(eastern side), Tulbagh Div.: No. of pect. teeth in @ 12-15,

in g 19-21; ‘length of carapace in ad- 2? 114 mm., in ad. ¢

114 mm.

berg Mts.,” Tulbagh Div. (7. H. Kleinschmidt): No. of pect. teeth

in @ 13-14,in g 15-20; length of carapace in ¢ 11-124 mm.,

inad. 3 101-12 mm.

(d) 1 ad. ? from the southern end of the Witzenberg Range,

near Wolseley, Tulbagh Div. (Ff. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth 13

length of carapace 12 mm.

158 Annals of the South African Museum.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS MACER, Thor.

O. capensis, C. L. Koch, Die Arachniden, iv., p. 89, fig. 308, 1837,

ad: g.

O. macer, Thorell, Atti Soc. ital., xix., p. 236, 1877, ad. 3;

Kraepelin, Revis. d. Skorp., ii., p. 95, in Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst.,

xin i 894, so’ 2 ; Pocock, Ann Mag” N: Ee (6), xvi, splenee,

fig. 5 (1896), 3 (hand).

O, fatlax, Thorell, Atti Soc. ital., xix., p. 238, 1877, ¢.

Area of Distribution.—Along the south coast from False Bay

eastwards as far as Port Elizabeth and probably further (according

to Pocock also in Zululand); northwards the species extends along

the Langeberg Range into the Divs. of Worcester and Ceres.

(a) 4 2 (8 ad.) and 5 g (3 ad.) from Georgetown at the foot of

the Outeniqua Range (f. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in @ 12-14,

in g¢ 14-19; length of carapace in ad. 9 103-13 mm., in ad. g

113-114 mm. ; interocular area in both sexes merely roughened with

pits, but not granular, on the convexities behind; the granulation on

the sides of the carapace in the ? slightly but distinctly stronger

and coarser near the lateral borders of the interocular area than

elsewhere; colour of legs dark reddish brown in the ¢, almost

black in the @. Thorell’s type specimen appears to be some such

form as this.

(6) 3 ad. g from the town of Knysna and the Knysna Heads

(Ff. Purcell) : No. of pect. teeth 15-17 ; length of carapace 10-11 mm. ;

carapace and colour of legs as in the g specimens from Georgetown.

12-13; length of carapace 11 mm.; granulation of carapace and

colour of legs as in the @ specimens from Georgetown, secondary

keels of hand much weaker than usual, in parts scarcely raised at all.

(d) 2 ad. @ and 2 ad. g from the Hottentots Holland Mts.

(Caledon side) (#. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in @ 11-12, in g

16-17; length of carapace in ? 11-114 mm., in g 101-114 mm.;

whole surface of carapace in the g finely and evenly granular

throughout, in the ? the interocular area is merely roughened with

pits, but not granular, on the convexities behind ; last segment of

the abdominal sterna uneven or finely roughened in the middle ;

colour of legs as in the specimens from Georgetown.

(ec) 2ad. 9 and 2 g (1 ad.) from the village of Sir Lowries Pass,

Stellenbosch Div. (#. Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in ? 11-12, in 3

15-17; length of carapace in 9 104-114 mm., in ad. g 104 mm.;

carapace as in the specimens from the Hottentots Holland Mts. ;

colour of the legs in g reddish brown, in ? dark reddish brown.

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 159

(f) 4 ad. 9 and 1 ad. ¢ from Rabiesberg (at the foot of the Lange-

bergen near Nuy River Station), Worcester Div. (Rk. Mrancke, F.

Purcell): No. of pect. teeth in 9 13-17, in g 19-20; length of

carapace in ? 11-12 mm., in # 11 mm.; whole surface of carapace

finely and evenly granular throughout in both sexes; colour of the

legs ochraceous-brown in fresh specimens.

(g) 2 ad. ? from the village of Ceres (Rk. M. Lightfoot and F.

Purcell): No. of pect. teeth 13-16; length of carapace in ad. ?

124 mm.; whole surface of carapace densely and evenly granular

throughout ; colour of the legs light ochraceous-brown, from the

apex of femur to the distal end of the leg nearly black on the

anterior, upper and posterior sides.

(hk) lad. ¢ from near Triangle Station (alt. 3,193 ft.), Wore. Div.

(R. M. Lightfoot): No. of pect. teeth 15-16; length of carapace

14 mm.; granulation of carapace weaker on posterior part of inter-

ocular area; coloration of legs as in the specimens from Ceres (7).

IT have no doubt as to the identity of Koch’s O. capensis and

Thorell’s O. macer, notwithstanding the circumstance that Koch

gives only 13 pect. teeth for his specimen. In some of our male

specimens the number of these teeth is as low as 14.

The last segment of the abdominal sterna is cither smooth or

more or less granular at the sides, the latter being especially the

case in the males. The under side of the humerus is either

granular or smooth.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LATIMANUS, C. L. Koch,

O. latimanus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachniden, vili., p. 65, fig. 640,

1841, ? ; Kraepelin, Revis. der Skorp., ii., p. 91, 1894.

O. calvus, Li. Koch, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, xvil., p. 233,

1867 (I have not seen this work) ; Kraepelin, loc. cit., p. 93, 9.

8 @ (5 ad.) and 7 g (5 ad.) from Brakkloof, near Grahamstown,

Albany Div. (Dr. Schénland): No. of pect. teeth in 2 11-13, in g

14-18; length of carapace in ad. ? 12-141 mm., in ad. 3 104-

123 mm.

These specimens very much resemble Koch’s figure of the type in

their coloration, but the interocular area and tail are darker, being

very dark reddish brown or almost black ; the legs are dark reddish

brown, their under surface and the vesicle yellowish brown. In the

adult female the secondary keels on the inner part of the upper

surface of the hand may be quite obsolete (except quite distally at

the base of the finger), or they may be distinctly traceable to the

base of the hand as a row of larger, low, anastomosing tubercles.

160 Annals of the South African Museum.

In the female the interocular area is either entirely smooth or the

anterior half is roughened or very minutely granular; the second to

sixth segments of the terga are very uneven but shiny, coarsely

granular along hind margin and provided each with a smooth,

longitudinal keel and with a large transverse elevation on each

side ; the last segment of the sterna is distinctly keeled, its surface

roughened (also in the middle) with irregular pits and elevations and

generally furnished at the sides with a few granules; the median

inferior keels of the first caudal segment are well developed, nearly

smooth or more or less crenulated ; the finger-keel is either nearly

smooth, or it is broken up into a row of granules.

The male of latimanus, which has not as yet been described,

differs from the female in the following characters: Carapace only

slightly longer than the first two caudal segments, the interocular

area almost entirely covered with the minutest granules; terya

finely shagreened without any shiny elevations ; sterna with the

first four segments finely roughened and often pitted in the middle

(rarely the first segment nearly smooth), the fifth segment finely

granular in the middle, more coarsely granular at the sides, keeled ;

inferior keels of first caudal segment always granular; the scape of the

pectines rectangular at the base and toothed throughout its length ;

upper and anterior surfaces of humerus separated by a crest of

larger granules; hand much smaller and relatively narrower, the

inner part of the upper surface covered with granules which are not

so flat but more isolated than in the ?, resembling those on the

outer part of the upper surface of hand; secondary keels generally

distinct and well developed, sometimes weak; operculum much

broader than long, completely cleft longitudinally.

Measurements in Millimetres of largest male.

Total length 84 ;

greatest length of carapace 123, width 11}; distance of eyes from

anterior margin 9; width of hand 92; length of hand-back 7}, of

movable finger 14, of tail 47; width of first caudal segment 6,

of fifth 44, of vesicle 43.

According to Kraepelin, who examined the type specimens of

latimanus and calvus, these two species differ solely in the possession

by the latter of well-developed secondary keels on the hands and a

fine granulation on the anterior part of the interocular area. Since

both these characters often occur in the females of latimanus, | am

compelled to consider calvus as synonymous with latimanus.

Pocock * records latimanus from the Murchison Range, Transvaal,

* Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xvii., p. 238.

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 161

but from the position of the eyes, the reddish coloration, and other

characters of his specimens, | am inclined to think they are merely

specimens of glabrifrons with the last abdominal sternite smoother

than usual.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PUGNAX, Thorell,

O. pugnax, Thor., Atti Soe. ital., xix., p. 232, 1877, g ; Kraepelin,

Rey. d. Skorp., u., p. 105, 1894, 9 ¢.

OF curius, Thor, loc. cit. p. 234, 2.

Area of Distribution.—Transvaal; also, according to Pocock,

Natal, Basutoland and the south-eastern part of Cape Colony.

I have seen 7 ad. males and 2 ad. females of this species (some of

them kindly lent by the Pretoria Museum). The granulation on the

under surface of the last abdominal and anterior caudal segments

appears to be the principal character which distinguishes this species

from its allies (see Synoptic Table). The interocular area is rather

uncven in both sexes, and in the female finely granular anteriorly or

free of granules for the greater part—in the male finely granular

throughout or smooth on the convexites behind, very much as in

latimanus, the granulation being finer than in macer. In the male

the inferior median crests of first caudal segment are either separate

or the space between them is more or less filled up with coarse

granulation. The terminal tarsi of the posterior legs have 2 or 1

external spines below. No. of pectinal teeth in @ 10-12, in ¢

14-15.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS GLABRIFRONS, Pet.

O. glabrifrons, Peters, Monatsber. Berl. Akad., 1861, p. 514 (I have

not seen this work); Kraepelin, Revis. d. Skorp. u., p. 104, in:

Jahrb. Hamb. wiss. Anst., x1., 1, 1894.

O. leviceps, Thorell, Atti. Soc. ital., xix., p. 228, 1877 3 (teste

Kraepelin).

O. predo, Thorell, ibid., p. 230 g¢ ; Kraepelin, loc. cit., p. 107,

S94 3.

Area of Distribution.—Griqualand West (Cape Col.), Bechuanaland,

Mashunaland as far north as the Zambezi (Pocock), Transvaal.

I have examined the following specimens :—

(a) 2ad. g and 3 @ (2 ad.) from the Transvaal (kindly lent me by

the Pretoria Museum): No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-16, in g¢ 18-19;

length of carapace in ad. ? 174-184 mm., in ad. g¢ 16-16} mm. ;

distance of eyes from anterior margin 2-2! times their distance

162 Annals of the South African Musewm.

from hind margin ; interocular area smooth and polished, granular

only near anterior margin in both sexes; finger-keel granular ;

mesial part of last abdominal sternite in 9 slightly roughened with

very weak granulation. Colour reddish. Large specimens (length

of largest ¢ and 2 112 mm.).

(6) 1 ad. @ (dry) labelled ‘‘ Kimberley ” (A. Tucker): No. of pect.

teeth 13; length of carapace 15 mm.; median eyes, finger-keel,

sterna and interocular area as in (@) above. Large specimen.

(Miss M. Good): No. of pect. teeth 17; length of carapace

114 mm.; finger-keel and median eyes as in (a) above; interocular

area minutely granular in anterior half. Smaller (total length

Totmm. ).

(d) 2ad. ¢ from Mazoe, Mashunaland (J. F’folliot Darling): No.

of pect. teeth 15-17; length of carapace 10-10% mm. ; finger-keel

nearly smooth in distal part for 4-4 of its length; interocular area

very finely granular, smooth ouly on the convexities behind ; eyes

as in (a). A dwarf form (total length of largest specimen only

67 mm.).

(e) 2ad. @ and 2 g (1 ad.) from the Transvaal (kindly lent by the

Pretoria Museum): No. of pect. teeth in @ 11-12, in g 13-15;

length of carapace in ad. 9 12-124 mm., in ad. g 10 mm. ; distance

of eyes from anterior margin 2!—21 times their distance from

posterior margin ; finger-keel in the g¢ smooth in the distal half but

granular in the proximal half, in the female either nearly smooth

throughout or almost entirely granular ; secondary keels of hand in

$ partially distinct, granular; interocular area almost entirely

smooth and polished in both sexes. In the female a large portion of

the upper surface of the hand (the inner basal portion) is almost

smooth, being covered only with low, anastomosing elevations instead

of isolated granules; segments 1-4 of sterna in the g¢ minutely

granulated and finely wrinkled in the mesial parts; the inferior

median crests of the four anterior caudal segments quite obliterated

in the # by the dense granulation of the under surface ; posterior

tarsi with one or no external spine on the under side. Rather small

specimens (length of g and ¢ 74 mm., 8. A. Mus. Reg. No. 3745).

(f) 4 ad. ? and 3 ad. g from the Transvaal (kindly lent by the

Pretoria Museum): No. of pect. teeth in ? 14-15, in gf 15-19;

length of carapace in ? 134-154 mm., in gf 13-133 mm.; eyes

farther back than in any of the preceding specimens, their distance

from front margin of carapace 2? to nearly three times their distance

from hind margin ; finger-keel nearly smooth, rarely, in the 9, the

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 163

proximal half granular; interocular area in ? entirely smooth or

with a few minute granules anteriorly, in g finely granular through-

out, except quite posteriorly on the convexities; last abdominal

sternite in ? coarsely granular in the middle. In the ¢ the terga,

at least the anterior ones, are more or less granular, while the hands

are almost devoid of isolated granules on the inner basal portion of

the upper surface, resembling those of the previous specimens (e).

Secondary keels of hands in $ often very distinct and almost

smooth. Tarsi with 0-1 external spines below in addition to the

four on the outer terminal lobe (as in glabrifrons generally). Colour

of the lighter parts more ochraceous than reddish. Large, up to

101 mm.inlength. Although these specimens differ remarkably from

the normal forms, I cannot consider them other than a well-marked

variety of the widely distributed and variable glabrifrons. The

position of the median eyes is very liable to vary in local races

generally, while both in this character and in the smoothness of the

finger-keel this form is strongly approached by the previous speci-

mens (under (e) above), which are intermediate between the normal

form and the specimens here under consideration. The remaining

differences are of no specific value. (S. A. M. Reg. No. 2999).

The form described by Thorell as O. predo evidently closely

resembles the form (/) but differs in having the finger-keel granulated

as in the normal glabrifrons. The type specimen has been elabo-

rately described by Thorell and again quite recently by Kraepelin.

I cannot, however, discover from their descriptions a single reason for

separating this form from glabrifrons, although Kraepelin seems to

think it more nearly related to pugnax. The characters which these

authors appear to rely upon for separating predo from glabrifrons

are the finely granular interocular area, the fewer pectinal teeth

(14-15) and the stronger secondary crests of the hands in the

former form. The position of the median eyes is also farther back,

as in the form (/) above, and the hands are slightly narrower. Now

it is quite impossible to utilise these characters alone for separating

the species from glabrifrons, and unless predo possesses other and

more reliable differential characters than those enumerated—which

is highly improbable, for they would have been mentioned—it must

be considered merely as a variety of glabrifrons, intermediate

between the normal form and the form (f).

The granulation of the first four abdominal sternites in the 3

varies much. In the males described under (/) all these sternites

are much roughened, also in the mesial part, being densely and

transversely wrinkled; the four sternites may be almost entirely

164 Annals of the South African Museum.

devoid of granules in the mesial parts, or the fine wrinkles may be

crenulated or even split up into granules in places in the posterior

segments, and in one specimen the granules predominate in the third

and fourth sternites, are plentiful in the second, and there are even

a few in the first sternite. In the ad. ¢ mentioned under (e) above

the sterna are equally weakly granular and finely wrinkled in the

mesial part of each of the first four segments. In the remaining

3 specimens the first four abdominal sternites vary as above,

excepting that the first is often almost smooth, and always devoid

of granules in my specimens. In one ad. g specimen all the

sternites, including the fifth, are entirely devoid of granules in the

mesial part, being transversely furrowed instead.

The length of the carapace in the ad. g is either equal to that of

the first two caudal segments, or it somewhat exceeds the latter.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS CRASSIMANUS, N. Sp.

Adult Females from Jackalswater (recently killed, in spirits).

Colowr.—Brownish yellow or yellowish brown; carapace uni-

coloured or the interocular area slightly paler; the anterior part of

each tergal segment, the distal portion of the mandibles and the

vicinity of each group of eyes on the carapace blackened or olive-

green; the granules on the crests of the palps and on the upper

surface of the hands reddish brown or nearly black ; anterior caudal

segments and last abdominal segment with four longitudinal black

stripes on lower surface; fourth caudal segment olivaceous or

blackened below and at the sides, generally with pale patches

between the keels ; fifth caudal segment blackened or olivaceous on

all sides, with numerous small pale spots between the keels ; vesicle

infuscate, with two pairs of pale longitudinal stripes ; maxillary pro-

cesses of second pair of legs somewhat infuscate along its median

half ; legs pale yellow, their anterior surface brownish in the middle ;

fingers of palps reddish brown or nearly black.

Carapace longer than wide, as long as the first and second caudal

segment and three-fourths of the third ; the greater part of the upper

surface perfectly smooth and shiny from the anterior to the posterior

margin, only the deflected lateral parts, and occasionally also the

median grooye, finely and often very sparsely granular, without any

coarse granulation along the lateral borders of the interocular area ;

length of carapace 34-34 times the distance of median eyes from the

posterior edge ; median groove widened just in front of the median

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 165

eye-tubercle, not forked anteriorly (rarely with a partially developed

fork).

Terga smooth and shiny, the last segment granular at the sides.

Sterna.—The fifth segment with low transverse granules in the

middle, the third and fourth segments often with traces of a weak

granulation in the middle, the sternal segments otherwise smooth

and shiny.

Cauda weak and very short, being only 2% times as long as the

carapace ; its upper surface smooth, or with a few granules in seg-

ment 1; upper crests weak, almost smooth, rarely weakly granular,

terminating posteriorly with an enlarged tooth in segments 2-4,

obsolete (rarely normally developed) in segment 5; upper lateral

crests nearly smooth or weakly granular, absent from posterior part

of fifth segment; inferior lateral keels weakly granular or nearly

obsolete in segments 1 and 2, weak and nearly smooth in segment 3,

sranular in segment 4, serrated in segment 5; infero-median keels

replaced by coarse, broadly transverse granules (similar to those on

the last sternite) in segments 1 and 2, coarsely or weakly granular,

often scarcely defined, in segments 3 and 4, serrated in segment 5;

sides of the cauda smooth or nearly so between the keels ; ventral

surface of fifth and generally also of fourth segment coarsely granular

between the crests ; vesicle distinctly granular at the base below for

about !—4 of its length.

Palps very like those of O. granifrons ; crests of the humerus

coarsely granular, the anterior upper crest not well defined, the

upper and anterior surfaces granular, the under surface with a few

coarse granules near posterior edge; upper crest of brachium

weakly or coarsely granular, posterior surface of brachium

coarsely granular on lower half, more weakly granular or nearly

smooth on upper half; hands very broad and robust with short

fingers, cordate at base, strongly convex above ; whole upper surface

of hands covered with coarse granules, those. nearer the inner edge

being flatter and broader, those nearer the outer edge more conical ;

finger-keel very weak, composed of a row of larger black granules ;

the three secondary keels of the upper surface obsolete or nearly so,

generally indicated by rows of blacker, sometimes slightly enlarged,

granules ; inner edge of hand sharply granular in the distal part.

Legs.—Anterior surface of posterior femora finely granular ; lower

edge of femora coarsely granular; tarsi of fourth pair of legs with

3-5 internal and no external spines below, in addition to the 5

internal and 3 external spines on the terminal lobes; tarsi of third

pair of legs with 3-4 internal and no (very rarely 1) external spines

166 Annals of the South African Museum.

below, in addition to the 5 internal and 4 (rarely 3) external spines

on the terminal lobes ; superior process much shorter than the lateral

lobes.

Operculum much broader than long, emarginate behind but not.

cleft longitudinally.

Pectines with the scape rounded at base behind and free of teeth

for about two-fifths of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 88; length of cara-

pace 14; width of carapace 13; distance of eyes from anterior edge

9: width of hand 122; length of hand-back 8}, of movable finger 11,

of tail 35; width of first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal seg-

ment 34.

Adult Males (recently killed, in spirits).

Differential characters :—

Carapace as long as the first and second caudal segments and

about one-fourth of the third, its upper surface sometimes with a few

very minute granules before and behind the median eye-tubercle.

Tergya roughened with exceedingly fine granulation, the seventh

segment coarsely granular at the sides.

Sterna.— All the segments very coarsely granular, especially in

the middle, often smooth at the anterior lateral angles in front of

the spiracles, the granules transverse and coarsest in the mesial part

of the last segment.

Cauda moderately stout, all the crests, especially those on the

under surface, coarsely granular, the under surface of first two seg-

ments very coarsely granular, like the last sternal segment.

Hands paler in colour, robust, strongly convex above, longer and

narrower than in the female, the granulation on the inner part of

upper surface more conical; breadth of hand considerably exceeding

the length of hand-back.

Operculum much broader than long, completely cleft longi-

tudinally.

Pectines with the scape rounded at the base behind, and free of

teeth for nearly one-fourth of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 85 ; length of carapace

13; width of carapace 124; distance of eyes from anterior edge 9 ;

width of hand 104; length of hand-back 84, of movable finger 133,

of tail 43; width of first caudal segment 54, of fifth caudal seg-

ment 4.

Localities.—(a) Types: 33 9? (22 ad.) and 6 g (3 ad.) from

Jackalswater, Namaqualand Div. (midway between Steinkopf and

Species of Opisthophthalmus. a

Henkries): No. of pect. teeth in ? 13-16, in g 19-23; length of

carapace in largest ad. @ 144 mm., in the adult g 124-13 mm.

(The ad. females are not easily distinguishable from the nearly adult

ones in this species.)

(o)9 2 (1 ad.) and 7 g (1 ad.) from Grasmond, Namaqualand

(midway between Steinkopf and Jackalswater): No. of pect. teeth in

? 13-17, in g 19-23; length of carapace in ad. 9 124 mm., in ad.

6 13mm. In these and in the type specimens there are no lamel-

late modified hairs on the inner side of basal mandibular joint.

Var. B.—Mr. Schlechter also collected a number of other speci-

mens, differing slightly from the type, chiefly in the much larger

size (length of carapace in ad. g 161-172 mm.,in ? up to 184 mm.),

and in the relatively narrower hands (width of hand in ad. 3

often scarcely exceeding length of hand-back. Lamelliform moditied

hairs very often present on inner side of basal mandibular joint.

Specimens were collected at the following localities, all in Great

Bushmanland :—

(a) Aggeneys, Great Bushmanland, Namaqualand Div. (J/.

Schlechter).

(6) Gad. 2 and many young from Gams, Great Bushmanland,

Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter): Length of carapace in largest

? 17 mm.; tarsi of fourth pair of legs occasionally, though rarely,

with 4 spines on the external terminal lobe.

Great Bushmanland, Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter) : Length of

carapace in largest 2 18 mm., in ad. g 164-17} mm.

(d) 10 ad. 2 and many young from Houmoed, Great Bushman-

land, Kenhardt Div. (Max Schlechter): Length of carapace in largest

? 183 mm.; third tarsus in one specimen with only 3 spines on

external lobe.

(ec) 6 ad. 2, 2 ad. gf and many young from Rooibank, Great

Bushmanland, Kenhardt Div. (Max Schlechter): Length of carapace

inad. g 17-17? mm., in @ up to 18 mm.; fourth tarsus very rarely

with 4 spines on the external lobe. I append the measurements of

the two largest specimens: Adult female.—Total length 113; length

of carapace 17, width 17; distance of eyes from anterior edge 113 ;

width of hand 164; length of hand-back 12, of movable finger 162,

of tail 49; width of first caudal segment 6, of fifth 44. Adult male.—

Total length 115; length of carapace 172, width 17 ; distance of eyes

from anterior edge 113; width of hand 122; length of hand-back

112, of movable finger 224, of tail 59; width of first caudal segment

74, of fifth 51.

168 Annals of the South African Musewm.

(f) De Neus, Great Bushmanland, Kenhardt Div. (MZ. Schlechter).

Notwithstanding the absence of the forked groove and of the coarse

granulation on the carapace, this species is nearer to O. granifrons

than to any other. The palps, the pectines, the armature of the

terminal tarsi, and the granulation of the cauda and sterna are very

similar in both species. O. granifrons was also found, though in

much fewer numbers, in some of the localities where O. crassimanus

occurs (at Grasmond and Jackalswater).

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS LONGICAUDA, 0. sp.

Adult Males (recently killed, in spirits).

Colour.—Carapace and cauda ochraceous ; vesicle, legs, and palps

pale-yellow ; fingers, mandibles, and terga dark olive-green or black ;

sterna dark or pale.

Carapace rather depressed, slightly longer than broad, consider-

ably shorter than the first two caudal segments taken together ;

anterior margin truncated, not emarginate in the middle; median

groove widened into a shallow depression in front of the eye-tubercle,

not forked anteriorly; sides of the carapace, even at the posterior

angles, coarsely granular, especially along the borders of the inter-

ocular area; interocular area for the greater part nearly smooth,

sparsely granular or smooth anteriorly ; length of carapace about

four and a half times the distance of median eyes from the hind

margin ; distance of these eyes from anterior edge 3-34 times their

distance from hind edge.

Terga densely granular, coarsely so at the sides, especially in the

last segment.

Sterna coarsely, densely, and evenly granular over the whole sur-

face, the granules on the last segment larger than those on the

anterior ones and often conical; no traces of keels.

Cauda strong and very long, four and a half times as long as the

carapace ; upper surface nearly smooth, sparsely granular in segment

1; upper crests coarsely granular, the terminal tooth enlarged in

segments 2-4; upper lateral crests coarsely granular, terminating

posteriorly in the middle of fifth segment; infero-lateral keels

coarsely granular; infero-median keels obsolete in the anterior

segments, granular in the posterior ones; under surface of cauda

densely and coarsely granular in segments 1 and 2, sparsely granular

between the keels in segments 3-5; sides of the cauda coarsely

granular between the keels in segments 1 and 2, sparsely so or

nearly smooth in segments 3-5; vesicular segment much shorter

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 169

and broader than the fifth caudal segment, smooth; fifth caudal

segment (measured along the side) somewhat longer than or equal

to the carapace. (In the male of O. karrooensis the cauda is less

than four times the length of the carapace, and the fifth caudal seg-

ment is considerably shorter than the carapace, and at least not

longer than the vesicular segment.)

Palps.—Humerus shorter than the carapace (in O. karrooensis it

is somewhat longer) ; all the crests of the humerus coarsely granular,

its upper surface very coarsely granular in the posterior part, nearly

smooth in the anterior part, anterior surface flat, with a few very

coarse and some small granules and with very strongly defined

upper and lower crests, under surface smooth. Upper crest of

brachium coarsely granular, upper surface more or less distinguish-

able and separated by a crest from posterior surface, the posterior

surface elevated crest-like along the middle with rows of coarse

granules. Hands pilose, very long and slender, the length of hand-

back much exceeding the breadth of hand; inner part of upper

surface of hand flat, almost smooth, without traces of secondary

keels ; finger-keel strong, nearly smooth or weakly crenulated ;

inner edge of hand denticulate ; outer part of upper surface of hand

with a row of granules along the middle and another near the lower

edge, otherwise smooth; the outer and inner parts of the upper

surface of the hands are inclined almost at right angles to each other

(as in the male of O. karrooensis).

Legs.—Posterior femora minutely granular on anterior surface ;

lower edges of all the femora and the upper edges of the posterior

ones with a row of coarse granules; tarsi of the last two pairs of legs

with 3—4 external and 5-7 internal spines below, in addition to the 4

(sometimes in last pair only 3) external and 5 internal spines on

the terminal lobes ; superior process much shorter than the lateral

lobes.

Operculun transverse, much broader than long, completely cleft

longitudinally.

Pectines extending scarcely to the middle of the trochanters of the

fourth pair, and furnished with 18-21 teeth; scape rounded at the

base behind and free of teeth for from 14 of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 104; length of carapace

142 ; width of carapace 144; distance of eyes from anterior margin

104; length of humerus 14; width of hand 8; length of hand-back

9, of movable finger 174, of tail 644, of fifth caudal segment (measured

along the sides) 15, of vesicular segment 11%; width of first caudal

segment 04, of fifth caudal segment 4, of vesicle 5.

170 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Adult Females (recently killed, in spirits).

The female shows the following differential characters :—

Carapace truncated or widely sinuate in front, scarcely shorter

than the first and second caudal segments (measured along the

sides).

Terga.—Segments 1-6 smooth, granular only at the sides,

segment 7 smooth anteriorly.

Sterna smooth, finely granular only at the extreme lateral borders,

the last segment somewhat weakly granular, but much less densely

so than in the male.

Cauda scarcely weaker than in the male, long, 3% times as long as

the carapace ; infero-lateral keels almost smooth or weakly crenu-

lated in anterior segments; granulation of the under surface of the

first two caudal segments like that of the last abdominal segment ;

fifth caudal segment very long, its length (measured along the side)

a little less than that of the carapace (by about 14-2 mm.) ; vesicle

very much shorter than the fifth segment.

In O. karrooensis the cauda is about 3-34 times as long as the

carapace in the female, the fifth caudal segment is much shorter

than the carapace (by about 3 mm.), and the vesicle is distinctly

longer than the fifth segment.

Palps.—Humerus much shorter and stouter, much shorter than

the fifth caudal segment (in karrooensis the humerus is longer than

the fifth caudal segment). Hand less hairy, very stout, its width

considerably exceeding the length of hand-back ; the upper surface

strongly convex, not flattened, nearly smooth.

Operculum cordate, slightly broader than long, not cleft longitu-

dinally.

Pectines extending a little beyond cox, with 15-17 teeth, the

scape free of teeth at base for about ? of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 120 ; length of carapace

164, width 16; distance of eyes from anterior margin 12; length of

humerus 12; width of hand 12; length of hand-back 92, of movable

finger 16, of tail 63, of fifth caudal segment (measured along the

side) 15, of vesicular segment 12; width of first caudal segment 64,

of fifth 41, of vesicle 54.

Locality.—(a) Types: 4 g (3 ad.) and 5 @ (4 ad.) from Naroep,

Great Bushmanland (Maz Schlechter).

Further localities are :—

(b) Lad. g from Wortel, near Naroep (Max Schlechter).

River, Bushmanland.

Species of Opisthophthalmus. ler

This handsomely coloured species is very closely related to O.

gigas and O. karrooensis. In O. longicauda the palps are relatively

shorter, while the cauda is relatively much longer than in O. kar-

rooensis, the granulation on the carapace and especially on the terga

and sterna is coarser, the basal angle of the pectines is not rect-

angular in the male, and the vesicular segment is relatively much

shorter ; the lateral margins of the carapace are less parallel than in

karrooensis, converging towards the front as in gigas. But the main

difference lies in the hands of the female, which are flattened above

and as broad as the hand-back is long in karrooensis, but strongly

convex and much broader in longicauda. On the other hand, longi-

cauda and gigas resemble each other, and differ from karrooensis in

not possessing the series of wedge-shaped lamellx (Pocock’s stridu-

lating organ) on the inner side of the basal joint of the mandibles.

In O. gigas the hand of the female is also convex above, the carapace

narrowed in front, and the scape of the pectines not rectangular at

the base in the male. O. gigas is easily distinguished, however, by

its smooth abdominal sterna and the relatively shorter tail.

OPISTHOPHTHALMUS PATTISONI, . Sp.

Female (recently killed, in spirits).

Colouwr.—Whole animal very dark reddish brown; the posterior

(inner) surface of the legs, the under side of the palps, the vesicle,

the interocular area, and the inner part of the hand above somewhat

lighter ; the crests and fingers of the palps, the coarser granules on

the sides of the carapace, and the maxillary processes of the first

two pairs of legs black.

Carapace scarcely longer than wide, as long as the first two caudal

segments taken together; its interocular area large, quite smooth

and polished, finely punctate ; sides of the carapace coarsely granular

only in the anterior half, in the posterior half the granules are much

less coarse, although still visible to the unaided eye, and there are

no very coarse granules bordering the sides of the interocular area

behind the middle of the carapace; the area round the median eye-

tubercle nearly smooth; distance of median eyes from posterior

margin contained 31 times in the total length of the carapace ;

anterior fork of median groove obsolete.

Terga fmely granular at the sides, shiny, the anterior segments

finely punctate and smooth in the middle, the posterior ones finely

roughened in the middle, last segment coarsely granular at the sides.

Sterna.—All the segments smooth and polished, the last with a

172 Annals of the South African Musewm.

weak keel and a shallow depression between this and the lateral

edge on each side behind.

Cauda long, its upper surface granular in the anterior segments,

smooth or nearly so in the posterior ones ; upper crests granular, the

terminal tooth not enlarged nor spiniform; upper lateral crests well

developed, granular, absent from the posterior half of the fifth

segment; infero-lateral and median crests distinct and smooth or

nearly so on the anterior segments, granular on the fourth, and

serrated on the fifth; sides of the cauda minutely and sparsely

granular in the lower part, somewhat more coarsely so in the upper

part ; under surface smooth in segments 1 and 2, with a few minute

granules in segments 3 and 4, and rather coarsely granular in

segment 5 between the crests; vesicle with a few minute granules

at the base below. Cauda four times the length of the carapace,

rather slender; width of the first segment equal to its length along

the upper median line, width of the second segment considerably

less than the length along this line; length of fifth segment con-

siderably exceeding the breadth of the hand.

Palps.—Crests of the humerus, its upper, anterior, and lower

surfaces coarsely granular, the upper anterior crest strong, com-

posed of a row of coarse granules. Upper crest of brachium weakly

crenulated, nearly smooth in places ; the posterior surface roughened,

with several longitudinal, roughened crests. Hands broad, robust,

cordate at base; inner part of upper surface moderately convex,

thickly covered with low, rounded, anastomosing, punctated eleva-

tions, and ornamented with a network of black pigment; the

secondary keels represented by two black lines; outer part of

upper surface of hands densely and coarsely granular, without

secondary keel; finger-keel strong and smooth; inner edge of

hand bluntly granular.

Legs.—Anterior surface of femora minutely granular, lower edge

of three anterior femora more coarsely granular. Tarsi of the third

and fourth pair of legs with 1-2 external and 4—5 internal spines

below, in addition to the 4 external and 5 internal spines on the

terminal lobes ; these lobes scarcely or not much longer than the

well-developed superior process.

Operculum sub-triangular, much broader than long, emarginate

posteriorly, but not cleft, longitudinally.

Pectines with 12 teeth (14 in the young female), scape rounded at

the base behind and free of teeth for about one-third of its length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 90 ; length of carapace

122; width of carapace 124; distance of eyes from anterior margin 8 ;

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 173

width of hand 101; length of hand-back 74, of movable finger 134,

of tail 50, of fifth caudal segment (measured along the sides) 12;

width of first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal segment 34.

Male (recently killed, in spirits).

Differential characters :—

Colour of the palps lighter.

Carapace considerably shorter than the first two caudal segments

taken together, the granulation of the sides less coarse, and the area

round the eye-tubercle rougher than in the female.

Terga not shiny, densely covered with an exceedingly minute

granulation, the last segment only with coarse granulation towards

the sides.

Sterna.—Segments 1-4 minutely granular at the extreme lateral

borders, fifth segment scarcely roughened in the lateral part, smooth

in the middle.

Cauda long, 42 times the length of the carapace, rather slender,

scarcely stouter than in the female; width of first caudal segment

slightly less than its length along the upper median line ; length of

fifth segment considerably exceeding the length of carapace.

Palps.—All the segments longer; under side of humerus less

granular. Hands very pilose, much slenderer than in the female,

the fingers very long; inner part of upper surface nearly flat, con-

cave distally, nearly smooth, the numerous elevations being scarcely

perceptibly raised, the secondary keels absent, except quite distally ;

inner edge of upper surface denticulate ; outer part of upper surface

of hand with some granules along the middle and alongside of lower

edge, otherwise nearly smooth ; breadth of hand equal to the length

of hand-back.

Operculum transverse, much broader than long, completely cleft

longitudinally.

Pectines with 18 teeth (17-18 in the young male), the scape

rectangular at base behind and therefore toothed along its whole

length.

Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length 89; length of carapace

11; width of carapace 11; distance of eyes from anterior edge 74;

width of hand 7; length of hand-back 7, of movable finger 19,

of tail 54, of fifth caudal segment (along the side) 12+; width of

first caudal segment 5, of fifth caudal segment 34.

Locality.—One adult and 1 young female, 1 adult and 1 young

male from the Sneeuwkop Mountain in the Cedarberg Range, Clan-

174 Annals of the South African Museum.

william Division, collected by Mr. R. Pattison, after whom I have

much pleasure in calling it.

This scorpion belongs to the group comprising fossor, chapert,

macer, and intermedius. The granulation on the sides of the

carapace is intermediate in coarseness between the fine granulation

of macer on the one hand and the extremely coarse granulation

of fossor, chaperi, and intermedius on the other. The new species

appears to be most nearly related to intermedius, and agrees closely

in most points with Kraepelin’s description of the latter. The

proportions and structure of the hand appear to be the same, the

hand being relatively much narrower in both species than in /fossor,

chaperi, or macer. The main differences between them appear

to be (1) the sides of the carapace are much less coarsely granular

in pattisoni than in intermedius, (2) the tail is relatively much

longer in pattisoni, its length being 5 times the breadth of the

hand in the female and 72 times in the male, while in intermedius

it is only 4 times in the female and 6 times in the male. The

anterior tergal segments in the female are smooth in the middle

in pattisont but finely granular in intermedius, and the legs are

nearly black in pattisoni but yellow in intermedius.

In the unusual length of the caudal segments O. pattisoni closely

resembles O. longicauda, although these two species do not appear

to be closely related.

The following South African species of Opisthophthalmus are

unknown to me, at least in the adult stage :—

(1) O. colesbergensis, Sim., Soc. Ent. Fr. (5), x., p. 388, 1880.

Colesberg, Cape Colony. Either identical with or closely related

to O. austerus, Karsch.

(2) O. intermedius, Kraep., Revis. d. Skorp., i., p. 89, 1894.

Cape Colony (no exact locality recorded). Closely related to fossor

and chaperi, differmg from the former in having yellow legs and no

secondary keels on the hands, and from the latter in the possession

of well-developed, smooth, inferior, median keels on the first caudal

segment. The proportions of the hands are those of pattisond,

Pure:

(3) O. nitidiceps, Pocock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvii., p. 248, 1896.

Port Elizabeth. The South African Museum possesses only a

single young specimen of this species (J. L. Drege).

(4) O. breviceps, Poc., ibid., p. 244. No locality known. Re-

sembles O. glabrifrons, from which it differs in having all the

abdominal sternites, including the first, thickly and uniformly

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 175

granular in the male; the posterior tarsi, also, have 2 external

spines below.

Synopsis of the Species of OPISTHOPHTHALMUS

in the collection of the South African Museum.

A. Median groove of carapace with a well-developed Y-shaped fork in front,

enclosing the anterior median depression.

At. Median eyes far forward, their distance from anterior margin not exceed-

ing 1} times their distance from posterior margin. Bushmanland (Cape

Colony), German South-West Africa, Rhodesia .. ¢ 2 O. carinatus (Pet.).

B'. Median eyes farther back. (A synopsis of the species referred to here

has already been given on p. 30 of this volume.)

B. Median groove of carapace not distinctly forked (occasionally with a partially

developed fork) in front.

a. Median eyes situated almost in the middle of the carapace. Bushman-

land (Cape Colony), German South-West Africa.. ¢ ? O. wahlbergi (Thor.).

b. Median eyes situated far behind the middle of the carapace.

a. Superior terminal lobe of tarsus at least as long as the lateral lobes,

cylindrical and very thick, being several times as thick as the claws at

their base and provided with half a dozen long stout bristles. Anterior

surface of humerus very wide, almost as wide as the upper surface in

the middle. German South-West Africa -. 20. flavescens, Pure.

b'. Superior lobe of tarsus slender or short. Anterior surface of humerus

much narrower than the upper surface in the middle.

a. Sides of the carapace coarsely granular, at least in the anterior

half.

a3. Operculum completely cleft longitudinally and provided with a

pair of stylets on upper surface behind. (Males.)

a+. Superior crests of cauda with enlarged terminal tooth in

segments 2-4. Length of hand-back considerably exceeding

the breadth of hand in adult.

a5. Scape of pectines rectangular at the base behind and

toothed along the whole posterior margin. Anterior

caudal and posterior abdominal segments finely and

densely granular below. Victoria West, Beaufort West,

Prince Albert, and Robertson Divisions SpA flee ers

3 O. karrooensis, Pure.

bs. Scape of pectines obtuse or rounded at the base behind,

the hind margin free of teeth for some distance at the

base.

a®. Ventral surface of abdominal and anterior caudal

segments densely and coarsely granular. Bushman-

land (Cape Colony) .. .. ¢O. longicauda, n. sp.

176

Annals of the South African Musewm.

b4.

6°. Ventral surface of abdominal and anterior caudal

segments smooth or covered with exceedingly minute

scattered granules. Bushmanland (Cape Colony),

German South-West Africa -. 6 O. gigas, Pure.

Superior crests of cauda with the terminal spine not

enlarged. Length of hand-back sub-equal to, or less than,

the breadth of hand in adult.

a’. Sides of carapace coarsely granular only on the anterior

half. Tail very long, the width of segment 1 slightly

exceeding (sub-equal to) its length along the upper

median line. Clanwilliam Division .. Ae Ai)

oO. pattisoni, n. sp.

b7. Sides of carapace very coarsely granular as far back as

the posterior transverse depressions. Tail stouter and

shorter, the width of segment 1 considerably exceeding

its length along the upper median line.

a°. First caudal segment densely and rather finely

granular below, the median crests obsolete. Secondary

crests of hands obsolete on inner part of the upper

surface. Robertson and Worcester Divisions ..

g O. chaperi, Sim.

b®. First caudal segment with well-developed median

crests, separated by a groove. Secondary crests of

hands distinctly raised. Tulbagh and Worcester

Divisions Soda DS Fosters, IEE.

63. Operculum fused to a single piece along median line, without

stylets. (Hemales.)

Superior crests of cauda with enlarged terminal tooth in

segments 2-4. Breadth of hand 1-14 times the length of

hand-back in the adult, the upper surface almost smooth.

a. Hands flattened above. Scape of pectines free of teeth

at base behind for about two-sevenths of its length.

Tail shorter, the length of segment 2 along upper median

line sub-equal to its width .. ?0O. karrooensis, Pure.

bt. Hands convex above. Scape of pectines free of teeth at

base behind for about one-third of its length. Tail

longer, the length of segment 2 along upper median line

at least one-fourth longer than the width.

a, Anterior caudal segments granular below.. ae

? O. longicauda, n. sp.

b™. Anterior caudal segments smooth below .. .. ..

? O. gigas, Pure.

. Superior crests of cauda with the terminal tooth not enlarged.

Breadth of hand 12-2 times the length of hand-back in the

adult, the upper surface covered with low, broad, anasto-

mosing tubercles.

Species of Opisthophthalmus. ILE

a”. Sides of carapace coarsely granular only in the anterior

half. Tail long, the width of segment 1 sub-equal to its

length along upper median line .. ? O. pattisoni, n. sp.

b’, Sides of carapace very coarsely granular as far back as

the posterior transverse depressions. Tail stouter and

shorter, the width of segment 1 muck exceeding its

length along upper median line.

a3, Inferior median keels obsolete in first caudal seg-

ment. Secondary keels on inner part of upper

surface of hands obsolete, indicated only by black

lines 56 ad 20 46 8a G6 SOE Cleeraiai, (Siban

63, Inferior median keels well developed, separated by

a distinct groove. Secondary keels of hands dis-

LIN etlymaised sare elie sayy re) Oa OSSO7,, nunc.

. Sides of the carapace finely granular, the granules near the lateral

borders of the interocular area not much coarser than those else-

where.

a+ 9: Hand much depressed, its width not or scarcely exceeding

the length of brachium along upper side; ¢: Length of

hand-back considerably exceeding breadth of hand. Ter-

minal tooth of superior caudal crests enlarged and spiniform.

Worcester and Sutherland Divisions oo! was! cae 68

3 2? O. austerus, Karsch.

6% ¢: Hand convex above and very wide, its width much exceeding

the length of brachium along upper side; ¢: Length of

hand-back less than the breadth of hand in adult.

a's, Tarsi of 4th leg with 3 (very rarely 4) spines on the

external terminal lobe and no external spines on the

under side; tarsi of 3rd leg with no (very rarely 1)

external spine on the under side and 4 (very rarely 3)

on the external terminal lobe; the superior terminal

process of the tarsi very small, much shorter than the

lateral lobes. Upper caudal crests with an enlarged

terminal tooth in segments 2-4. Little and Great

Bushmanland SME eS) CTASSUNLAIILS NSP

5. Tarsi of 3rd and 4th legs with 4 spines on the external

terminal lobe and 1-3 (sometimes O in glabrifrons)

external spines on the under side as well, the superior

process well developed, as long as the lateral lobes

(rarely shorter). Terminal tooth of upper caudal crests

not enlarged.

a’, Operculum completely cleft longitudinally and pro-

vided with a pair of stylets on upper surface behind.

(Males.)

a7. Inferior median crests of segments 1 and 2 and

often also of segments 3 and 4 of cauda dis-

tinctly defined only on the lateral side, the

space between them being not grooved but filled

Annals of the South African Musewn.

up and thickly covered with numerous, close-

set, coarse granules. Terminal tarsi of last 2

pairs of legs with 0-1 (very rarely 2) external

spines below, in addition to the 4 on the outer

terminal lobe. Upper surface of hand densely

covered with not very coarse granules, which

are mostly more conical and isolated. Last

abdominal segment below very densely granular

(about 18-30 irregular transverse rows may be

roughly counted between anterior and posterior

margins in the mesial part), sometimes the

mesial part merely roughened with numerous

transverse furrows and pits. North-east of

Cape Colony, Bechuanaland, Transvaal,

Rhodesia .. .. .-. ..¢O.glabrifrons, Pet.

b7, Inferior median crests of first 4 caudal seg.

ments very distinct (the space between them in

segment 1 sometimes filled up with coarse

granulation in pugnax). Tarsi of last 2 pairs

of legs with 1-2 external spines below in

addition to the 4 on the outer terminal lobe.

Granulation of upper surface of hand much

coarser (at least in proportion to the size of the

hand).

a, Inferior median keels of I. caudal segment

composed of a series of 6-10 coarse or very

coarse granules, the space between the

keels sometimes filled up with equally

coarse granulation, rendering the crests

indistinct. Ventral surface of last abdo-

minal segment coarsely or very coarsely

granular (about 6-12 irregular transverse

rows may be roughly counted between

anterior and posterior margins in the

mesial part). East of Cape Colony, Natal

(teste Pocock), Transvaal .. .. .. ..

3 O. pugnax, Thor.

b'°. Inferior median keels of I. caudal segment

smooth, crenulated or granular, the

granules then more numerous. Mesial

part of last abdominal segment smooth or

finely roughened, or covered with fine and

much more numerous granules.

a’. Upper surface of carapace densely

granular, the granules on the inter-

ocular area generally as well formed

and as large as those on the sides and

coarser than those at the hind angles

(the interocular area sometimes nearly

smooth on the conyexities behind and

Species of Opisthophthalmus. 179

the sides with coarser granulation).

Inferior caudal keels quite smooth in an-

terior segments, not granular, at most

interrupted by pits. Ventral surface

of last abdominal segment smooth in

the middle, rarely very finely granular.

(Hands more or less yellow, with 4

black very strong keelsabove.) Southern

Divisions of Cape Colony, Zululand

(Pocock) .. .. ..¢0O. acer, Thor.

6%. Interocular area partly or wholly

covered with the finest dust-like granu-

lation, which is not coarser than that

at the hind angles of carapace. In-

ferior keels in anterior caudal segments

more or less granular. Ventral sur-

face of last abdominal segment finely

granular in the middle. (Hands almost

black above, with strong or weak

secondary keels.) Albany Division

3 O. latimanus, C. Koch.

b'°. Operculum fused to a single piece along median

line, without stylets. (Females.)

Inferior median crests of segment 1 and gene-

rally also of segments 2-4 of cauda distinctly

defined only on the lateral side, the space

between them being more or less filled up and

covered with a number of coarse or weak

granules. Tarsi as in ¢ (see under a’).

Secondary crests of hand quite obsolete (except

quite distally). Ventral surface of last abdo-

minal segment either densely and coarsely

granular, or the granulation weak or nearly

(sometimes quite ?) obsolete in the mesial part

? O. glabrifrons, Pet.

- Inferior median crests of cauda distinctly

defined, the space between them in segment 1

not filled up with numerous granules (in pug-

nax there may be a couple of very coarse

granules between the crests in segment 1).

Tarsi as in ¢ (see under 6'7). Secondary

crests of hand mostly well developed.

a". Inferior median keels of 1st caudal seg-

ment composed of a series of 6-10 very

coarse granules. Ventral surface of last

abdominal segment with very coarse granu-

lation. (If the whole surface be granular,

not more than about 10 irregular trans-

verse rows can be roughly counted between

the anterior and posterior margins in the

mesial part) .. .. ?%O. pugnax, Thor.

180

O23

Annals of the South African Museum.

Inferior median keels of 1st caudal seg-

ment smooth or somewhat crenulate, but

not composed of coarse granules.

a?. Granulation of carapace as in ¢ (see

under a9). Ventral surface of last

abdominal segment smooth and

polished, at least in the mesial part,

where it is never coarsely roughened.

Inferior median crests of anterior

caudal segments quite smooth. (Hands

more or less yellow, with 4 distinct

black keels above) .. ¢ O. macer, Thor.

2. Granulation of carapace as in ¢ (see

under b') or the carapace quite

smooth. Ventral surface of last ab-

dominal segment more or less rough-

ened with coarse pits or coarse irregular

elevations (sometimes smooth in the

middle). Inferior median crests of

anterior caudal segments smooth or

weakly crenulated. (Hands almost

black above.) ? O. latimanus, C. Koch.

INDEX

to the South African species of Opisthophthalmus, referred to in this paper.

(The thick type denotes the page on which the species referred to is

separately treated.

PAGE

anderssoni, Thor. ......... 141, 142

Ghee) Jeune Ossqoosonnasegce 134, 187, 148

austerus, Karsch. ...138, 155, 174

breviceps, Poe. ............++. 138, 174

COLLUS eOC Ns. cemceeencc 159, 160

capensis (Herbst) 187, 146,147, 150

capensis, Koch ........++++.+. 158, 159

carinatus (Pet.) ...... 135, 186, 141

chaperi, Sim. 133, 136,138,156, 174

colesbergensis, Sim. ..........2+0+ 174

erassimanus, n. sp. 184, 135, 137,

138, 145, 164

GILT US sul OT eres se eee eeieeeciiersselsis 161

fallaw, THOY. .......:.seeeeeseeeeeees 158

Haviescen sem laUnC mrreeeeescccncce ss 138

fossor, Pure. ...133, 188, 157, 174

furcatus (Sim.) — .s.cesesecresseee 141

fuscipes, Pure. 184, 137, 146, 147,

148, 149

gigas, Pure. 133, 134, 1388, 154, 171

glabrifrons, Pet. 133, 135, 186, 138,

161, 174

sranicauda, Pure. ...185, 1387, 143

eranifrons, Poc. 187,144, 147, 150,

151, 165, 168

Synonyms are in italics.

Synopsis not included.)

histrio, Thor.

intermedius, Kraep. ...... 138, 174

karrooensis, Pure. ...133, 185, 136,

138, 152) 1537 169) 17OF ia

laviceps, Thor.

laticauda, Pure.

latimanus, Koch 133, 158, 159, 161

haneiton, WON Goconsoonopccus00 147, 148

leipoldti, Purc. 187, 145, 146, 150

longicauda, n. sp. 134, 188, 168, 174

macer, Thor. ...133, 136, 138, 158,

161, 174

MNacrllosws, KOCH ..........0ccscee 148

Mitidiceps, POC. ...s.s0«-sese0sss 174

pallidipes, Koch 134, 135, 187, 151

pattisoni, n. sp. .....- 138, 171, 174

peringueyi, Pure. ...134, 187, 163

pictus, Kraep. ......... 136, 137, 151

palosus, Kocht crr..cscewesees 147, 148

Dr @G0,, WMO) eesctacceses = 161, 163

puenex, -NaOtscscectmen 138, 161, 165

schlechteri, Pure. ...134, 187, 142

wahlbergi (Thor.) 132, 133, 188,139,

142, 145

(181 )

VI.—Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa.—By W. L.

ScuaTer, M.A., Director of the South African Museum.

Tuts list of the South African Rodents has been drawn up for a book

on which I am now engaged, on the South African Mammals, and it

seemed worth while publishing it as a preliminary to the greater and

more complete work.

The genera are arranged according to the list recently drawn up by

Mr. Thomas (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1896, p. 1012), and I have also made

use of the new edition of Trouessart’s Catalogue of Mammals, which

has enabled me to trace a good many obscure references.

The synonymy is not complete ; only the more important references

are given, and more especially to publications directly bearing on

South African forms.

The descriptions and measurements are as far as possible based on

specimens preserved in the South African Museum, and where a

species is not represented in the collections, on the original descrip-

tion; the dimensions are in inches and decimals of an inch in

all cases.

No complete list of South African Mammals, much less of Rodents,

has appeared since 1832 and 1833, when Smuts published his

‘Enumeratio Mammalium Capensium,’ and Andrew Smith his

descriptive catalogue, the latter in the South African Quarterly

Journal; a catalogue of this sort, therefore, cannot fail to be useful

to naturalists in South Africa, whatever its shortcomings.

For these I must ask the pardon of my fellow-workers; but few

realise the difficulties of working at a distance of 6,000 miles from

Europe, with imperfect libraries and not a very abundant material.

All I can do is to hope that this list may be the foundation for a

great deal of future work on this subject, which has been so strangely

neglected for so many years.

182 Annals of the South African Museum.

The limits which I have somewhat arbitrarily fixed as the

boundaries of South Africa are the Cunene River, dividing German

South-West Africa from Angola on the west and the Zambesi River

on the east, so that my territory includes the British colonies of the

Cape of Good Hope and Natal, the South African Republic and the

Orange Free State, Bechuanaland and Rhodesia, German South-

West Africa, and that portion of Portuguese East Africa which lies

south of the Zambesi.

It is highly probable that a considerable number of new forms

remain to be discovered within this region: in the last few years a

good many have been described by Mr. Thomas and by Mr. de

Winton, especially from Rhodesia. The total number of species

mentioned in this paper are 62; of these 44 are represented in the

South African Museum; 18 are still wanting. In the following list

only one new species is described: Malacothrix pentonyx, on p. 202.

Faminry SCIURIDAE.

GEN. XERUS.

Xerus, Hemprich and EHRENBERG, Symb. Phys., 1. (1832).

Type X. rutilus.

Fur harsh, often spiny ; external ears short or absent ; no cheek

pouches ; fore limbs with four toes, all clawed, of which the two

middle ones are considerably larger than the others, and a rudi-

mentary pollex with a flat nail; hind foot with five toes all clawed,

all the claws long and nearly straight ; skull large and broad, with

very small postorbital processes.

Dentition.—i. 1/1 ec. 0/0 p.m., 2/1 or 1/1 m. 3/3 = 20 or 22.

Molars semi-hypsodont (7.e., with high crowns) and lophodont (7.e.,

with regular transverse ridges and valleys), not tubercular.

XERUS CAPENSIS, THE GROUND SQUIRREL.

Sciurus capensis, Kerr, Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 266 (1792); A.

Suiru, 8S. Afr. Quart. Journ., i., p. 127 (1834).

Sciurus namaquensis, LICHTENSTEIN, Cat. Rer. Nat., p. 2 (1793).

Sciurus levaillantu, Kun, Beitr. Zool., p. 67 (1820).

Sciurus setosus, Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap., p. 33 (1832).

Xerus setosus, LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. 8. Afr. Mus., p. 47 (1862).

Descriptiwe List of the Rodents of South Africa. 183

Xerus capensis, JENTINK, Notes Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 48 (1882) ;

Noak, Zool. Jahrb., iv., p. 131, pl. i., fig. 10 (skull), (1889) [Kalahari

and Damaraland].

Description.—General colour above and on the sides pale rufous

brown, sparingly speckled with black, the hairs being short, coarse,

and close-lying ; a narrow white stripe runs from the shoulders to

the haunches, below dull white; skin black; head broad ; whiskers

black ; eyes large and prominent with a dull whitish line above and

below ; ear conch completely absent, the ear being a narrow diagonal

slit, half an inch in length; limbs somewhat paler than the body,

with four claws on the fore and five on the hind feet, the thumb being

shorter and bearing a rudimentary flat nail; the claws are large,

nearly straight, and black in colour; tail a little shorter than the

head and body, near the root coloured like the body, beyond very

bushy and distichous, mixed black and white, the individual hairs

being chiefly white with two distinct black bands.

Skull with the bony palate extending a quarter of an inch beyond

the level of the posterior molars, nasals broad and zygomatic arches

stout.

Incisors white, premolars 1/1 only.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 11:0; tail 9:0, with

terminal hairs 10:0; hind foot 2°33; from ear-opening to nose 2:0;

skull length about 2:0, breadth about 1-40; upper cheek teeth 49,

Distribution.—-The central and drier parts of the Colony, extend-

ing northwards through the Kalahari and Bechuanaland to Matabele-

land and Damaraland; not found far to the eastwards ; the South

African Museum possesses examples from Namaqualand, Colesberg,

and Griqualand West in the Colony.

Gen. FUNISCIURUS.

Funsciurus (sub-genus), TRouEssartT, Le Natur., i., p. 290 (1880).

Type Ff. lemniscatus.

Paraxerus (sub-genus), ForsytH Masor, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 189

(1893). Type F’. cepapr.

Fur soft, never spiny; external ears well developed; no cheek

pouches; toes as in Xerus, but the claws short and curved; skull

much as in Xerus, with very small postorbital processes ; dentition

as in Xerus.

My. Forsyth Major, in his paper on Squirrels, quoted above, placed

the three South African squirrels, together with certain other African

184 Annals of the South African Museum.

and Asiatic species, in the genus Xerws, in consequence of their

resemblance to the members of that genus in certain characters of

the molars and skull.

If, however, it is necessary to separate these squirrels from the old

genus Sciurus, it seems better, as proposed by Mr. Thomas, to form

a quite new genus for them, as the old genus Xerws is a very compact

group separated from Sciwrus by very definite though perhaps some-

what superficial characters,

FUNISCIURUS CIPAPI, THE GREY-FOOTED SQUIRREL.

Sciurus cipapt, A. SmrrH, App. Report Exped. Explor. 8. Africa,

p. 48: (1836); Ip., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pl. v. (1849);

Layarp, Cat. Mamm. S. Afr. Mus., p. 46 (1862); Jentinx, Notes

Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 26 (1882); Lorentz, Ann. k.k. Hofmus. Wien,

ix. notiz., p. 65 (1894) [Limpopo River Banks] ; DE Winton, Ann.

Mag. N.-H. (6), xix., p. 573 (1897).

Description.—General colour speckled yellowish grey and black ;

fur short, soft, and close, most of the hairs on the back and sides,

black at the base and also ringed subterminally with the same colour,

below from the chin much paler, nearly white, and hairs not ringed ;

whiskers black ; iris black; ears oval and moderate, measuring about

‘Tin. in length, covered with sparse hairs; limbs paler than the

back with quite short curved claws; tail nearly as long as the head

and body, bushy, and very dark, composed of long pale yellow

hairs, each with a double ring of black ; skull with the palate extend-

ing only as far as the level of the posterior molars; upper incisors

orange-coloured, ungrooved, premolars 2/1, the anterior upper ones

small, molars somewhat resembling those of Xerus capensis.

Dimensions (from the skin of a female).—Head and body 8:50 ;

tail 6°50 without, 7°75 with terminal hairs; hind foot 1:72; from ear

to nose 1°53; skull length about 1°70, breadth 1:0; upper cheek

teeth °28.

Distribution.—This species was first obtained by Sir Andrew Smith

on the banks of the Limpopo River, in what is now the Rustenberg

district of the Transvaal; it is also recorded from Damaraland and

the Zambesi River; north of this it has been obtained from Nyassa-

land, but the squirrels from Hast Africa usually identified with this

species have recently been shown by de Winton to be referable to

other species.

Type of the species now in the British Museum.

Descriptive List of the Lodents of South Africa. 185

FUNISCIURUS PALLIATUS, THE RED-HEADED SQUIRREL.

Scirus palliatus, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 273 (1852) ; Ib.,

Reise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 134, pl. xxxi., fig. 1, pl. xxxil., fig, 3

(1852) ; Jentinx, Notes Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 16 (1882).

Sciurus ornatus, GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 13, pl. 1. (1864) [Natal] .

Description.—General colour above and on the outsides of the limbs

speckled yellow and black, the hairs black at the base and subter-

minally with intermediate reddish-yellow bands and paler yellow

tips; head speckled rufous and black; below throughout, including

the cheeks, chin, inside and lower halves of the limbs bright rufous,

the hairs being the same colour throughout; tail dark rufous with

long hairs which are very pale at the base with two black rings

following, the terminal half alone being dark rufous; whiskers black ;

eyes dark brown; ears in the only specimen examined nearly bare

of hairs, though said in the original description to be thickly covered.

Incisors smooth and dark orange; premolars 2/1, the anterior

upper one small and deciduous.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 8°25; tail without

terminal hairs 4:50, with 6:50; hind foot 1:80; from ear to nose

1-75; skull length (about) 1:90, breadth 1:20; upper cheek teeth -40.

Distribution.—East and South Africa from Gallaland through

German Hast Africa, Nyassaland and Mozambique to Zululand

and perhaps Natal; the South African Museum possesses a skin

from the Umgoye Forest in Zululand.

The type described by Peters from Mozambique is now in the

Berlin Museum.

FUNISCIURUS CONGICUS, THE WESTERN STRIPED SQUIRREL.

Sciurus congicus, Kun, Beitr. Zool., p. 66 (1820) ; Jenrinx, Notes

Leyd. Mus., iv., p. 33 (1882) (in part); THomas, Proc. Zool. Sae.,

p- 265 (1882) [Cunene River].

Description.—General colour above yellowish brown, brighter on

the shoulders, below very pale yellow; hairs of the back black at the

base and many of them with black tips; along the sides from the

shoulder to the hind limbs runs a narrow pale yellow stripe, below

which is a similar dark one; an incomplete white ring round the

eye; ears moderate, whiskers black; limbs pale, toes covered with

long hairs nearly concealing the claws, tail a little shorter than the

head and body, bushy, composed of long hairs which are bright

yellow with a subterminal pale yellow band.

186 Annals of the South African Museum.

Anterior upper premolars present; incisors orange-coloured and

not grooved.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 7°75; tail without

terminal hairs 5°75, with 6:25; hind foot 1:5; from ear-opening

to nose 1:4; skull length 1:42, breadth -90; upper cheek teeth °30.

Distribution.—West and South-West Africa from the Congo

through Angola to Ovampoland ; there is an example obtained by

Mr. Eriksson from Ombanga in Ovampoland in the South African

Museum.

Famity GLIRIDA.

Gen. GRAPHIURUS.

Graphiurus, F. Cuvier et GEorrroy, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 60

(1829). Type G. ocularis.

Tail very bushy and somewhat distichous.

Dentition.—i. 1/1, c. 0/0, ‘p.m. 1/1, m. 3/3=20; incisors not

grooved ; molars rooted, exceedingly small, especially the premolar,

which is about half the width of the other teeth; the crowns of the

molars are hollowed out, the rims being formed of a ridge of enamel ;

scarcely any traces of infoldings can be distinguished.

This genus is confined to the Ethiopian region; the smaller species

were formerly placed in the genus Eliomys, of which the Garden

Dormouse of Europe (H. melanurus) is the type, but they are now

considered to be more appropriately assigned to the present genus

originally formed for the reception of the large Grey Dormouse of

South Africa.

In addition to the species below described some half-dozen have

been recorded from other parts of Africa.

GRAPHIURUS OCULARIS, THE LARGE GREY DORMOUSE.

Sciwrus ocularis, A. Smriru, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 439 (May, 1829).

Graphiurus capensis, ¥. Cuvier et Grorrroy, Hist. Nat. Mam.,

livr. 60 (September, 1829); Smurs, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 32 (1832) ;

A. Surrn, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pl. xxxix. (1849); Layarp,

Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 49 (1862); Reuvens, Myoxide, p. 50,

pl. i, fig. 13, pl. iii, fig. 14 (1890); Lorentz, Ann. k.k. Hofmus.

Wien, ix. notiz, p. 65 (1894) [Marico Dist., Z.A.R.].

Myoxus cattoirvi, FiscHer, Synop. Mamm., p. 310 (1829).

Graphiurus typicus, A. Smirn, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., i., p. 145

(1834).

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 187

Graphirus elegans, Oatupy, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 5 (1838)

[Damaraland] .

Graphiurus ocularis, pe Wrxton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i, p. 3

(1898).

Description.—General colour ashy grey, fur soft and thick, dark

slaty at the base, dull white mixed with black at the apex; patch on

the snout and chin, white with a reddish tinge; cheeks, a patch in

front of the shoulder, and a spot on the head at the base of the

inner angle of the ear conch, white, a black patch runs from the root

of the whiskers through the eye and is continued along the front of

the ear; ears large, rounded, nearly naked but thinly covered round

the margin with fine black hairs; under surface from the chest

downwards and the sides between the limbs dull white, the slaty

bases of the fur showing clearly ; extremities very slender, tail rather

short, bushy throughout and distichous, white mixed with black

above, black below, the individual hairs above being black for their

basal and white for their terminal halves.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 6:30;

tail 3°85; with terminal hairs 4:90; from ear-opening to tip of

snout 1:14; hind foot -83; skull length 1:34, breadth -78; upper

cheek teeth -14.

Distribution.—This large dormouse seems to be confined to South

Africa, where it is widely distributed in suitable localities ; the South

African Museum possesses examples from Clanwilliam, Ceres, and

Worcester in the west, and from Colesberg, Albany, and Uniondale

in the east of the Colony; it is further recorded from Damaraland

and the Marico district of the Transvaal.

The type described by Smith from Plettensbergs Bay (Knysna

district of the Colony) is now in the British Museum.

GRAPHIURUS MURINUS, THE CAPE DorMOUSE.

Myoxus murinus, DESMAREST, Mamm. Suppl., p. 542 (1820);

Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap., p. 34 (1832) ; A. Surrs, S. Afr. Quart.

Journ., ii., p. 146 (1834) ; Perers, Reise Mozamb. Siugeth., p. 136,

pl. xxxv., fig. 1 (1852); Layarp, Cat. Mamm. §. Afr. Mus., p. 48

(1862).

Myoxus coupei, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. xxxvii. (1822)

[Senegal].

Myoxus lalandianus, Scuryxz, Thierreich, iv., p. 393 (1825).

Myoxus erythrobronchus, A. SmirH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 438 (1829).

Myoxus cinerascens, RuppEtn, Mus. Senck., iii., p. 136 (1842)

[Natal].

188 Annals of the South African Museum.

Graphiurus murinus, Auston, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 317 (1875)

[rufous var.].

Eliomys murinus, REuvens, Myoxide, p. 40, pl. i., figs. 4, 6, 7,

pls eo) pl. ii, figs. 6,°6, 7 (890):

Hliomys microtis, Noax, Zool. Jahrb., ii., p. 248 (1887).

Description.—General colour above mouse-grey, the hair very soft

and thick, dark slaty at the base with ashy brown tips ; below, includ-

ing the cheeks, chin, and insides of the limbs, dull white, these hairs

too being slaty at the base ; in some adult specimens the chin, cheeks,

and breast have a distinct rusty red tinge ; feet very slender, covered

with sparse pale hairs and furnished below with the usual pads, five

to the fore and six to the hind limbs ; from the root of the whiskers

to the eyes, and round these, a dark ring, not always well marked,

extends ; the ears fairly large, rounded, and nearly naked ; tail almost

as long as the head and body, bushy, covered with long hairs which

become much longer towards the apex, but the hairs are fairly

evenly distributed, so that the tail can hardly be called distichous, its

colour is the same as that of the back. the hairs being unicolorous

throughout ; four pairs of mamme, one pair axillary, one pectoral,

two inguinal.

Varieties having a general rufous tinge sometimes occur.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 4:1; tail without

terminal hairs 2°77, with 3:55; hind foot -65; from ear-opening

to nose ‘95; skull length 1:10, breadth -63; upper cheek teeth -15.

Distribution.—Western and Central Africa from Senegal and

Kilimanjaro southwards to Cape Colony; in South Africa the

Dormouse is found in the more wooded districts, especially in the

east. The South African Museum possesses examples from the

Beaufort West, George, Port Elizabeth, and Kimberley districts,

from Pondoland, Natal, and Zululand.

The type obtained by Delalande in Cape Colony and described by

Desmarest is now in the Paris Museum.

GRAPHIURUS PLATYOPS, DARLING’s DORMOUSE.

Graphiurus platyops, THomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xix., p. 388

(1897).

Description.—In external appearance closely resembling G.

murinus, but a little larger, and with the tail distinctly white

tipped.

Skull very different from G. murinus, being broad and flat, with

long nasals, narrow interorbital region, and broad and depressed

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 189

brain case; the molars are rather smaller than those of the other

species.

This form appears to be doubtfully distinct from G. murinus.

Dimensions (of the type Thomas).—Head and body 4°20; tail

2°75; hind foot -90; skull length 1:05, breadth -68; upper cheek

teeth 12.

Distribution.—The type and only specimen known was obtained

at Enkeldorn, in Mashonaland, by Mr. J. ffolliott-Darling, and is

now in the British Museum.

GRAPHIURUS NANUS, THE Dwarr DorRMOUSE.

Myoxus (Eliomys) nanus, bE Winton, Proce. Zool. Soc., p. 799

(1896).

Description.—Smaller than G. murinus, general colour rather

more ashy, the wood-brown tinge being much less evident, below

dull white ; a black patch on the face extending from the whisker

roots to round the eyes; tail club-shaped, very slender at the base

and bushy at the apex, of the same colour as the body above, below

somewhat paler; tip of the tail distinctly white.

Skull like that of G murinus, but smaller.

Dimensions (of a specimen measured in the flesh by Mr. Marshall,

now in the South African Museum).—Head and body 3°30 (of dried

skin 3°52); tail without hairs 2°55, with 3:12; hind foot -60;

from ear-opening to tip of nose ‘85; skull length ‘80, breadth -51 ;

upper cheek teeth -12.

Distribution.—This species was recently described by Mr. de

Winton from a single specimen obtained at Mazoe, in Mashonaland,

by Mr. J. ffolliott-Darling, now in the British Museum. The South

African Museum has recently received a male and two young ones

from Salisbury, presented by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall.

GRAPHIURUS KELLENI, THE DAMARALAND DoRMOUSE.

Eliomys kellent, REuvENS, Myoxidae, p. 35, pl. i., fig. 1, pl. iii,

fig. 3 (1890).

Description.—Closely resembling G. manus in size and colora-

tion, but the tips of the hairs on the body above have pale rings

with dark brown tips. It is doubtfully distinct from its ally.

Dimensions (of the type Reuvens)._-Head and body 2°50; tail

with hairs 3°38, without 2°62; hind foot °62; skull length -70,

breadth -48; upper cheek teeth -12.

Distribution.—This species is described from a single specimen

190 Annals of the South African Museum.

preserved in alcohol in the Leyden Museum, obtained in Damaraland

by M. Kellen, and is not represented in the South African Museum

collections.

Famity MURIDAHE.

Sus-Famiry GERBILLINAE.

Gren. GERBILLUS.

Gerbillus, DEsMAREST, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. (1), xxiv., tabl., p. 22

(1804). Type G. aegyptius.

Rat-like animals with somewhat pointed muzzles and moderate-

sized ears, sparsely covered with hairs: tail long, hairy, and usually

slightly tufted; hind feet elongated, with four rounded tarsal pads ;

skull with large and swoilen bullae; upper incisors grooved (in

all South African species) ; molars at first tubercular, but after wear

consisting of a series of transverse or elliptical laminae ; the anterior

tooth in each jaw consisting of three, the middle of two, the posterior

of one only.

This genus is a very large one, and spread over the greater part

of the Old World, and has been studied in considerable detail by

Lataste ; the South African species, however, are in a good deal of

confusion, which cannot well be rectified until a re-examination of

the old types and a comparison of them with freshly collected

material has taken place.

A recent paper by Mr. de Winton has thrown some light on the

subject ; he recognises four species as existing in South Africa: of

these, three are closely allied and difficult to distinguish ; the fourth,

G. paeba, is considerably smaller and of a rather different colour.

GERBILLUS PAEBA, THE RED GERBILLE.

Gerbillus paeba, A. SmirH, App. Report Exped. Explor. §. Afr.,

p. 43 (1836) ; p—E Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), ii., p. 3 (1898).

Gerbillus tenuis, A. Smrrn, Llustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pl. xxxvi.,

fig. 2 (1849) ; THomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 265 (1882) [Damaraland] .

? Gerbillus tenuis, var. schinzi, Noax, Zool. Jahrb., iv., p. 134,

pl. iii., figs. 13-16 (1889).

? Meriones (Rhombomys) caffer, WAGNER, Arch. f. Naturg., 1., p. 18

(1842) ; id., ScHREBER, Saéugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 482 (1843).

Description.—General colour above pale reddish orange, rather

darker along the back owing to brown pencilling ; bases of the fur

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 19

dull lavender-purple; below and insides of the limbs pure white ;

ears moderately long and oval ; tail slender, cylindrical, and tapering,

clothed with short, stiff hairs of the same colour as the back,

ending in a thin umber-brown tuft.

Upper incisors pale Dutch-orange with a median longitudinal

furrow, lower incisors pale straw-yellow, slender and long (Smith).

Dimensions.—Head and body 4:0; tail 4:50; length of upper

molars °2.

Distribution.—The types procured by Sir A. Smith were found

north of Latakoo, in what is now Bechuanaland, and are in the

British Museum. Thomas and Noak have identified Gerbilles from

Damaraland and the Kalahari with this species, and de Winton

mentions Namaqualand and the Transvaal as localities. There are

no examples in the South African Museum.

GERBILLUS AFER, THE CAPE GERBILLE.

Gerbillus afer, Gray, Spicileg. Zool., p. 10 (1828) ; A. Smrrx,

S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 159 (1834) ; FE’. Cuvimr, Trans. Zool. Soc.,

ii., p. 1438, pl. xxvi., figs. 5, 9 (1836); A. Smrru, Illustr. Zool. §. Afr.

Mamm.,, pl. xxxy. (1849); Layarp, Cat. Mamm. 8. Afr. Mus., p. 51

(1862) ; pe Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 800 (1896) [Rhodesia] ; Ib.,

Ann. Mag. N.H. (7), i., p. 4 (1898).

Meriones schlegelii, Smuts, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 41, pl. i., pl. i.,

figs. 1, 6 (1832) [Port Elizabeth] .

Description.—General colour fawn brown, darker owing to the

intermixture of black hairs on the back, lighter on the sides ; fur soft

and thick, pale slaty at the base, the tips lightish brown; below from

the chin backwards pure white, the fur being the same colour

throughout ; head rather pointed, ears oval and large, sparsely

covered with fine brown hairs ; front limbs short, brown outside,

white inside and on the hands, with four pale yellow or white claws

and five prominent carpal pads; hind limbs long, the tarsus and toes

especially so, the latter covered with white hairs, the three middle

toes much the longest and the first the shortest, all with long, pale

claws; there are four tarsal pads, the one at the base of the first digit

being smaller than the others; tail about as long as the head and

body, fairly thickly covered with stiff hairs, brown above, pale below.

Upper incisors yellow, with a prominent, well-marked groove run-

ning along slightly nearer the outer than the inner edge of the tooth ;

lower incisors the same colour and ungrooved.

Dimensions (of a specimen in alcohol).—Head and body 5:0; tail

192 Annals of the South African Museum.

5°50; from ear-opening to tip of snout 1:45; hind foot 1:50, with

middle claw 1°63. An example from Mashonaland measured in the

flesh by Mr. Darling is given by de Winton as follows: Head and

body 5:93; tail 6°30; hind foot 1:25; skull length 1:45, breadth

about °86; length of upper molars -27.

Varieties and Synonymy.—The above description is drawn up from

examples both stuffed and preserved in alcohol from the immediate

neighbourhood of Cape Town.

Another Gerbille from Mazoe, presented by Mr. Darling, ap-

parently identical with specimens from the same place and donor,

described by Mr. de Winton (v.s.) differs from these in several parti-

culars, of which the following are the most important :—

The hind foot is shorter, being 1:15 in. in length as against 1:50 in

the Cape Colony specimens, the difference is not so much in the

tarsus itself as in the length of the three middle toes.

The tail of the Mashonaland example has the scales faintly spotted

with brown, there are no traces of these spots in the Colony speci-

mens; further, the tail is much darker above and ends in a slight

black tuft, whereas the tail of the Colony species is not darker at

the tip.

In the Mazoe animal the claws of both fore and hind limbs are

shorter and very dark, almost black in colour, and finally the general

colour of the animal is very much darker than in the Cape

examples.

Another skin in the South African Museum, in a very bad state of

preservation, from Kimberley, is, although of the same size as the

typical G. afer, of a very different colour it is of a bright reddish

orange and accords very well, as far as the colour is concerned, with

G. paeba but it is much larger than that species as described by Smith.

Distribution.—The Cape Gerbille is not uncommon in the neigh-

bourhood of Cape Town and is recorded by Smuts from Port Elize-

beth ; it is probably found all over the Colony, and, if Mr. de Winton’s

identification is correct, extends northwards to Mashonaland.

GERBILLUS BRANTSII, BRANTS’ GERBILLE.

Gerbillus brantsii, A. SmrrH, Report Exped. Explor. 8. Afr., p. 43

(1836) ; p—E Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), 1., p. 4 (1898).

Gerbillus montanus, A. SmitH, Illustr. Zool. 8. Afr. Mamm., pl.

xxxvi., fig. 1 (1849).

Meriones (Rhombomys) maccalinus, SuNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad.

Forh. Stockholm (1846), p. 120 (1847).

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 193

Description.—General colour above light rufous-brown, freely

pencilled with darker brown, paler on the sides, below dull white ;

head short and somewhat bulky posteriorly ; nose-tip black-brown ;

ears oval, thinly covered with hairs; tarsi ashy brown grey ; toes

shorter than in G. afer ; tail reddish brown above, with blackish hairs

intermixed, a little shorter than the head and body.

Incisors above Dutch-orange, below white, much larger than in

G. afer, and distance between them and the molars less (Smith).

Dimensions.—Head and body 6:0; tail 5-0 (Smith).

Distribution.—Sir A. Smith’s specimens were obtained near the

sources of the Orange and Caledon Rivers in what is now Basuto-

land; the type of M. maccalinus, was collected by Wahlberg in the

Maceali (= Magaliesberg) Mountains in the Rustenberg district of

the Transvaal. It is also recorded from the Transvaal by Mr. de

Winton. There are no examples in the South African Museum.

GERBILLUS LOBENGULAE, LOBENGULA’S GERBILLE.

Gerbillus leucogaster, apud DE WintToN, Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 806

(1896) (nec Peters).

Gerbillus lobengulae, DE Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 4

(1898).

Description.—General colour above pale fawn, finely grizzled with

dull black along the back, pure along the sides; below pure white,

the two colours abruptly separated; in other external characters

resembling G. afer.

Skull with a narrow facial portion across the nasals and maxillie

between the infraorbital foramina.

First upper molar persistently cuspidate, the second lobe being

divided into a pair of cusps outer and inner in fairly adult specimens

(de Winton).

Dimensions. — Head and body 5°30; tail 6°30; hind foot 1:33

(de Winton).

Distribution.—This form was obtained by Mr. F. C. Selous, at

Essex Vale, near Bulawayo, and was first identified by Mr. de

Winton with G. lewcogaster of Peters, and subsequently considered

to be a distinct species; the type and only other known examples

are in the British Museum.

Gren. PACHYUROMYS.

Pachyuromys, Lavastn, Le Naturaliste, i., p. 314 (1880). Type P.

duprasi.

194 Annals of the South African Musewn.

This genus contains animals allied to the Gerbilles, distinguished

by their short tails and their peculiarly shaped skulls in which the

tympanic bulla is enormously swollen and enlarged so that it projects

back behind the level of the occipital condyles and can be seen at

the two posterior angles of the skull when viewed from above. The

antorbital plate is not nearly so well developed as in Gerbilles.

The incisors are very slender and pale and marked with an

inconspicuous furrow; the molars are much reduced in size as

compared with those of Gerbillus.

Only two species are recognised in this genus—the South African

one, below described, and P. duprasi, from North Africa.

PACHYUROMYS AURICULARIS, THE NAMAQUALAND GERBILLE.

Gerbillus auricularis, A. Surry, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., i1., p. 160

(1834) ;.Ip., Illustr. Zool. 8. Afr. Mamm., pl. xxvi. (1849); pr

Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), 1., p. 5 (1898).

Gerbillus brevicaudatus, F. Cuvier, Trans. Zool. Soc., ii., p. 144,

pl. xxvi., figs. 10, 13 [Skull] (1836).

Pachyuromys auricularis, Hurr, Le Naturaliste, i., p. 339 (1881) ;

Tuomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 265 (1882) [Damaraland] .

Description—Form short and thick; general colour above tawny

brown, mottled and pencilled with dull black, the sides somewhat

lighter; fur slaty at the base, ochraceous yellow in the middle, and

dark brown at the tips; sides of the muzzle, eyebrows, sides of the

head, beneath from the chin backwards, and fore legs pure white ;

tarsus covered below with white hairs and provided with a single

large somewhat complicated pad occupying the space between the

toes ; toes short, claws small and pale yellow in colour; behind the

ear at the base a conspicuous white spot; ears small, oval, and

flesh-coloured, a few white hairs on the inner surface ; tail short and

thick, covered with short, stiff hairs, above brown, beneath reddish

white.

Incisors pale yellow, the upper ones grooved rather faintly.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol).—Head and body 4:0;

tail 3°12; hind foot -86; from ear to nose-tip 1:12; skull, length 1-27,

breadth *80; upper cheek teeth -18.

Distribution.—The original specimen, described by Smith, came

from the Kamiesberg in Namaqualand; it is also recorded from

Otjimbique, in Damaraland, and the neighbourhood of Kimberley ;

the South African Museum has recently received specimens from

near Douglas just north of the Orange River in Griqualand West.

Descriptive List of the Itodents of South Africa. 195

Susp-Faminy OTOMYINAK.

Gen. OTOMYS.

Otomys, F. CuviER, Dents des Mamm., p. 168 (1825). Type O.

wrroratus.

Euryotis, Brants, Het Geslacht der Muizen, p. 93 (1827). Type

O. wrroratus.

Rat-like animals with short tails, clad with bristles and scales ;

hind feet short and ears usually large; skull with a moderate bulla

and an arched nasal profile, upper incisors grooved, molars composed

of a series of laminae of enamel united by cement, posterior molar of

upper and anterior molar of lower jaw the largest, the former con-

sisting of from four to nine lamellae.

The genus is a purely African one; in addition to the South

African forms below described only one other species, O. jacksont,

from British East Africa, is known.

OTOMYS IRRORATUS, THE VLEY OTomys.

Euryotis irrorata, Brants, Het Geslacht der Muizen, p. 94

(1827); A. Smrru, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., pl. xxi. (1849) ;

GribL, Victorin Zool. Anteck. K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, i1.,

p. 17 (1858) ; Layarp, Cat. Mamm. 8. Afr. Mus., p. 53 (1862).

Otomys bisulcatus, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 61 (1829).

Otomys irroratus, Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap., p. 45 (1832); DE

Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 801 (1896) [Mashonaland] ; Ip., Ann.

Mag. N. H. (7), 1., p. 5 (1898).

Euryotis typicus, A. Smrira, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., i1., p. 149 (1834).

Euryotis obscura, LicHtENsSTEIN, Verzeichs. Siugeth. u. Vogeln

Kaffirland, p. 10 (1842).

Description.—General colour above and on the sides dark speckled

brown, the bases of the fur rather pale slaty, the tips mingled pale

brown and black in varying proportions so that there are darker and

lighter individuals, below dirty white, the bases of the fur still slaty,

and the tips whitish ; ears large, rounded, about # inch in length and

breadth, anteriorly fairly well covered with hair; fore limbs short

and slender with five carpal pads, and a rudimentary first digit ; hind

foot short with six tarsal pads, of which the proximal one is some-

what elongated as in the true rats; tail less than half the length of

the head and body, covered with short stiff bristles hardly showing

any tendency to form a tuft at the tip, black above, dirty-white below.

Nasal bones of the skull very much expanded in front.

196 Annals of the South African Museum.

Incisors much curved, very stout, about ‘2 in. across the tips,

chrome-yellow, each with a deep, well-marked groove running its

length about one-third of the breadth of the whole tooth from the out-

side edge; lower incisors also stout and chrome-yellow, strongly

grooved nearer the outer edge than those of the upper jaw; the

molars consist of a series of parallel laminae of enamel, the number

of which to each tooth can be best expressed in the following formula

beginning with the anterior tooth: * °°.

Dimensions (of a skin).—Head and body 8:0; tail 3°25; hind foot

1:1; from ear-opening to tip of nose 1°55. Of a specimen measured

in the flesh by Darling (cf. de Winton); head and body 7:75; tail

4:60; hind foot 1:12; skull, length 1°60, breath -85; upper cheek

teeth -40.

Variation.—The Otomys varies a good deal in colour throughout

its range, and Mr. Thomas has shown that the specimens from East

Africa (Mianzini) and Nyassaland differ from those of the Cape

Colony in possessing an extra lamella to the posterior upper and

anterior lower molar, making the numbers 7 and 5, instead of 6 and

4, as in the typical variety ; in two skulls from Entafufu, in Pondo-

land, preserved in the South African Museum the lamella formulae

are |-, ,and*~~. The skins belonging to these two skulls do not

seem to differ in any very marked respect from the typical variety,

and they were both collected in the same locality about the same

time, so that until other evidence is forthcoming we may conclude

that variation in the number of molar lamellae is not of specific

importance.

Distribution.—The Vley Otomys is found over a considerable

portion of Africa from Somaliland southwards through British Hast

Africa, German Hast Africa, Nyassaland, and Angola to South

Africa.

The first collector of this species was M. Delalande, whose speci-

mens were described by M. Cuvier under the name of the ‘‘ Otomie

Namaquois,” believing that they came from Namaqualand. The

South African Museum possesses examples from the neighbour-

hood of Cape Town, Bedford, Knysna and Pondoland, and from

Potchefstroom in the Transvaal, and it is also recorded from

Mashonaland by Mr. de Winton.

3 )

2-2

OTOMYS UNISULCATUS, THE BusH OTomys.

Otomys wirisulcatus, F. Cuvirr, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 60 (1829) ;

Smuts, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 46 (1832); pe Winton, Ann. Mag.

N. H, (7), 15. 3898)

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 197

Euryotis unisulcatus, A. Surry, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 149

(1834) ; In., Ilustr. Zool. 8. Afr. Mam., pl. xxiii. (1849).

Euryotis pallida, WAGNER, Archiv. Naturg., i., p. 134 (1841).

Otomys rufifrons, WAGNER, Schreber Siugeth. Suppl, iii., p. 507

(1843).

Description.—General colour dark grey-brown, paler on the sides

and becoming a dirty white below, rather lighter in colour than

O. bisulcatus ; the fur is soft, dark slate at the base, and pale yellow

and black at the tips ; ears very large and rounded, measuring about

‘9 in., thickly covered with hair; limbs and toe-pads much as in

O. bisulcatus ; tail less than half the length of the head and body

covered with short bristles, dark above, light below.

Skull with the superior and anterior edges of the perpendicular

plate of the antorbital foramina forming almost a right angle.

Upper incisors narrower than in the last species (about -15 in.

broad at their tips), paler, and with the groove much nearer the outer

edge ; lower incisors ungrooved ; formula of the molar laminae *

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 8:25; tail

3°50; hind foot 1:08; from ear-opening to tip of snout 1°55; skull

length 1-40, breadth :70; upper cheek teeth °34.

Distribution—To M. Delalande’s collecting and M. Cuvier’s

description we are also indebted for our first knowledge of this

species, and except for Sir A. Smith the animal seems to have

attracted little attention since ; the South African Museum possesses

examples from Garies in Namaqualand, Clanwilliam and Malmes-

bury, and from Touws River in the Worcester division, and Sir

A. Smith records his specimens from George.

OTOMYS BRANTSII, BRANTS’ OTomys.

Huryotis brantsu, A. Smrirn, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 150

(1834) ; Ip., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pl. xxiv. (1849).

Otomys brantsii, DE Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 6 (1898).

Description.—General colour yellowish brown, lighter on the sides

and below; as in the other species the fur is slaty at the base, with

yellowish brown intermingled with less abundant black tips; ears

markedly smaller than in the other two species, about half an inch

in length and breadth, fairly thickly clothed with hairs ; limbs some-

what stouter and broader than those of O. wiisulcatus ; tail thickly

clothed with somewhat stout yellow bristles with a dark dorsal band

more marked towards the tip, which is almost black ; two pairs of

mamme inguinal in position ; tarsal pads six, all circular.

198 Annals of the South African Museum.

Nasal bones not expanded, normal ; upper incisors moderate, the

groove well to the outer side of the tooth, the outer edge pale, almost

white ; lower incisors sometimes faintly grooved, generally smooth ;

formula of molar laminae: }=—.

Dimensions (from an example in spirit).—Head and body 5:60 (of

a skin 7:0); tail 3-40; hind foot 1:15; from ear-opening to tip of

nose 1°60; skull length 1°50, breadth -75; cheek teeth °30.

Distribution.—Namaqualand, Sir Andrew Smith’s specimen came

from the neighbourhood of the Orange River; there are a con-

siderable number of examples in the South African Museum obtained

by Mr. Péringuey at Klipfontein, near O’okiep in Namaqualand.

Sus-Famiry DENDROMYINAE.

Gen. DENDROMYS.

Dendromus, A. SmirxH, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 438 (1829). Type:

D. mesomelas.

Small, slender, mouse-like animals with long, scaly, and sparsely-

haired tails, rather large ears, and with slender limbs with the three

middle digits of each elongated. Skull with the infraorbital opening

triangular, hardly at all narrowed below.

Upper incisors grooved, molars small, the anterior upper one as.

long as the second and third taken together; the tubercles fairly

distinctly arranged in pairs.

DENDROMYS MESOMELAS, THE CHESTNUT TREE Mouse.

Mus mesomelas, Brants, Muizen, p. 122 (1827).

Dendromus typus, A. Smrru, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 439 (1829).

Dendromys mesomelas, Smurs, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 40 (1832).

Dendromys typicus, A. Smiru, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 158.

(1834); Ip., Illustr. Zool. 8. Afr. Mam., pl. xxxiv., fig. 1, pl. xxi., fig. 2

(skull and teeth] (1849).

Description.—General colour chestnut-brown above, paler on the

sides, white with a rufous tinge below ; fur soft and thick, dark slaty

for the basal three-quarters, tips chestnut-brown; head and snout.

acutely pointed ; ears large, thinly covered with hairs, which are thicker

along the margin, so as to there give it a darker appearance; fore

limbs short and slender, formed for grasping, the three middle fingers

elongated and the fifth much shorter, all clawed except the first ;.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 199

hind limbs elongated and slender, toes long, all clawed except the

first, which has a flat nail; tail as long or longer than the head and

body, slender, with rings formed of a series of scales, which are some-

what concealed by the numerous bristles, dark above, lighter below.

A black dorsal stripe from behind the head to the root of the tail is

sometimes present, but is not noticeable in the specimens on which the

above descriptions are founded.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 3:80 ; tail

(somewhat contracted), 3°80; hind foot -75; from ear-opening to tip

of nose ‘90.

Distribution.—FKast and South Africa, from Gallaland through

Nyassaland to Cape Colony ; the type is said to have come from the

Sondags River in Uitenhage; the South African Museum possesses

examples from the immediate neighbourhood of Cape Town.

DENDROMYS PUMILIO, THE SMALL TREE Mouse.

Dendromys pumilio, WaGNer, Munch. Gelehrt. Anzeiger, xii.,

p. 487 (1841); Marcum, Siiugeth. Deutsch Ost Afrika, p. 49 (1895).

Description.—Smaller than D. mesomelas, and without the black

dorsal stripe; reddish brown above, cheeks, lower side and feet

white; tail longer than the head and body (Matchie) ; is very doubt-

fully distinct from D. mesomelas.

Dimensions.—Head and body 2°38 ; tail 3°12 to 3°75.

Distribution.—East and South Africa; this tree mouse is recorded

from various parts of German East Africa, and was originally

described from Cape Colony. Unrepresented in the South African

Museum collections.

DENDROMYS MELANOTIS, THE GREY TREE MOUSE.

Dendromys melanotis, A. Smirn, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., i, p. 158

(1834) ; Ip., Illustr. 8. Afr. Zool. Mam., pl. xlix., fig. 2, (1849) ; Fisk,

Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 840 (1887) [habits].

Description.—General colour above ashy grey with a slight tinge of

rufous, below dull white ; a well-marked black line from between the

shoulders to the root of the tail; fur soft and thick, slaty at the base

as in the other species; ears broad and patulous, larger than in

D. mesomelas, the tips dark, covered with sparse silvery white hairs,

a white spot on the side of the head at the base of the outer margin

of the conch; fore limbs slender, only the three middle toes clawed,

the first and fifth mere rudiments: hind feet long and slender,

200 f Annals of the South African Musewm.

especially the toes, of which only the three middle ones bear claws,

the fifth bears a flat nail, the first is represented only by a tubercle ;

the soles of the carpus and tarsus are without well-defined pads, but

covered with a series of closely set hemispherical swellings ; tail

longer than the head and body, covered with rings from which spring

short bristles, dark above, light below; eight mammae, one pair

axillary, one pair pectoral, and two pairs inguinal.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 2°80; tail

3:0; hind foot -60; from ear-opening to tip of nose °65; skull,

length ‘80, breadth -40; upper cheek teeth -15.

Distribution.—Sir A. Smith’s type eame from Durban ; the South

African Museum possesses examples from the suburbs of Cape Town ;

no other locality seems to be recorded, unless certain examples men-

tioned by M. Bocage from Angola are referable to this species.

Gen. STEATOMYS.

Steatomys, Prrers, Bericht Akad. Berlin, p. 258 (1846). Type

S. pratensis.

Small, short-tailed, mouse-like animals, always very plump owing

to the storage of fat all over the body, with no cheek pouches,

moderate ears, and short limbs.

Skull with the infraorbital opening not narrowed below.

Upper incisors grooved; molars tuberculated, the tubercles

arranged in two rows, except in the case of the anterior upper

molar, whose median row consists of three, so that this tooth has

seven tubercles instead of eight, as in Mus.

This genus is also purely Ethiopian. Three other species have

been recently described from West and East Africa.

STEATOMYS PRATENSIS, THE Fat Mouse.

Steatomys pratensis, Peters, Bericht Akad. Berlin, p. 258 (1846) ;

Tuomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), x., p. 265 (1892); pE Winton, Proc.

Zool. Soc., p. 805 (1896) [Mashonaland].

Steatomys edulis, Pevers, Reise Mozamb. Saugeth, p. 163, pl.

xxxiv., fig. 2, pl. xxxv., fig. 11 (1882),

Steatomys krebsti, Peters, ibid., p. 165, pl. xxxvi., fig. 3 (1852)

[ Kaffraria] .

Description.—Form stout and plump ; general colour dark rufous

above, lighter on the sides, white below ; fur very short and soft;

snout short and pointed; ears moderate, fairly well clothed with

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 201

hairs; limbs white, fore feet with four claws and a flat nail to the

first finger ; hind foot with five claws, shorter than those of the fore

limb; tail short, hardly half the length of the body, brown above,

white below (Peters).

Dimensions (from Peters’ description)—Head and body 3°25;

tail 1:75; hind foot -60; skull length ‘79, breadth -47; upper

cheek teeth -13. From a specimen from Mashonaland, measured

in the flesh by Mr. Darling; head and body 3°77; tail 1:77; hind

foot °66.

Distribution.—South-Kast Africa: Mozambique (whence came the

type), Mashonaland, Nyassaland, and ‘“ the interior of Kaffraria”’

(probably meaning the Transvaal), whence came the type of S.

krebst; the species is not represented in the South African Museum.

Gen. MALACOTHRIX.

Otomys, A. Smitu, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 147 (1834) (nee

Cuvier). Type M. typicus.

Malacothrix, WAGNER, Schreb. Siiugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 496 (1848).

Type M. typicus.

Small, short-tailed, mouse-like animals with stout bodies, slender

limbs, and well-developed ears; the tarsus and carpus are hairy to

the toe pads; the skull is slender, the antorbital foramen is hardly

at all narrowed below, and the perpendicular plate is not well

developed.

The upper incisors are very strongly grooved towards thei outer

edge, the lower ones ungrooved and rather paler; the molars

resemble those of Steatomys, the anterior upper one with 7 cusps,

2 in the anterior and posterior row, and 3 in the median row,

the middle molar has 5, the front row 3, of which the innermost

is small and not well developed, the back row 2, the posterior molar

has 2 small cusps only, side by side ; in the lower molars the cusps

are arranged in pairs.

This genus seems to come close to Steatomys, being distinguish-

able only by its very hairy tarsus.

Only the two species below described are included in it, as Otonvys

albicaudatus of Smith must apparently be assigned to the Sygmo-

dont genus Mystromys.

MALACOTHRIX TYPICUS, THE Mouse GERBILLE.

Otomys typicus, A. Smrrx, S. Afr. Quart. Journ,, ii., p. 148 (1834) ;

Layarb, Cat. Mam. 8. Afr. Mus., p. 54 (1862).

202 Annals of the South African Museum.

Malacothriz typicus, WAGNER, Schreb. Siiugeth., Suppl. i., p.

498 (1843); pz Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 8 (1898).

Description.—General colour pale brown above, the fur long, soft,

and with dark slaty bases, below white also with slaty bases; head

somewhat pointed, ears very large for the size of the animal,

measuring about °7 in. by °55 in., dark coloured, sparsely covered

with fine black and white hairs intermixed; limbs slender, covered

with dull white hairs; on the fore foot four toes clawed, the third and

fourth only slightly exceeding the second and fifth in length ; hind

foot with four toes only, the first or inner one being absent, all

clawed, the fifth slightly shorter than the others; whole under sur-

face of the carpus and tarsus right up to the toe pads covered with

short, white, coarse hairs; tail short, dark, and scaly, covered with

short, white, bristly hairs, and so appearing a dirty white.

Skull slender and much narrowed between the orbits, incisors

orange, and the upper ones deeply grooved.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 3:5;

tail 1:40; hind foot -70; from ear-opening to tip of snout 1-0;

skull length -90, breadth -55; length of cheek teeth -19.

Distribution.—Apparently confined to Cape Colony; the species

was described by Sir A. Smith many years ago from specimens

obtained near Graaf Reinet ; the above description is drawn up from

specimens in the South African Museum from Beaufort West and

Griqualand West.

MALACOTHRIX PENTONYX, Sp. Nov., THE SMALL-EARED

MovusE GERBILLE.

Description.—General colour above brown with a rufous tinge,

below including the upper lips and limbs pure white, the line of

demarcation being very marked; fur soft and thick, above with,

below without, slaty bases; head acutely pointed, ears moderate,

markedly smaller than those of M. typicus, oval, about °40 by

30, covered internally with sparse whitish, externally with brown

hairs.

Limbs slender, proportioned much as in M. typicus, the fore-

limbs with four clawed toes; hind limbs with five toes, all with

well-marked claws, of which the inner (7.e., the first) is the shortest,

and the fifth slightly shorter than the other three; tarsus hairy as in

the other species.

Tail short, a little darker above than below, covered with short,

stiff, bristle hairs.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 203

Skull with the interorbital region somewhat wider than in J.

typicus ; teeth as in the other species.*

Distribution.—Western part of the Colony; the types were

obtained on the Cape Flats near Cape Town, by Messrs. EH. L.

Layard and M. Bishop.

Susp-Faminry MURINAE.

Gen. MUS.

Mus, Linnazus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 79 (1766).

Animals with bodies covered with soft, sometimes spiny, fur,

with pointed muzzles, no cheek pouches and prominent eyes; the

ears are nearly naked, the tail more than half the length of the body,

covered with scales arranged in rings, with usually a sparse covering

of short bristles ; pollex rudimentary with a flat nail, all the other

digits with claws; palms with five, soles with six rounded or oval

pads,

Skull with the antorbital foramen usually forming a narrow slit

below, and the perpendicular plate which forms its outer wall well

developed; palate compressed and the incisive foramina long.

Dentition the same as in all Muwridae, 7.e., i. 1/1, ¢. 0/0, p.m. 0/0,

m. 3/3 = 16. Incisors not grooved, usually rather narrow; molars

when unworn with a triple longitudinal row of tubercles, lower jaw

with a double row, when worn crossed by curved transverse bands

of enamel, marking the position of the tubercles.

This genus is the largest of the whole Mammalian class, con-

taining, according to Trouessart’s list, 176 species, and doubtless

many still remain to be described.

They range all over the Old World, with the exception of

Madagascar, but are not found in the New except where intro-

duced by human agency.

The study of the South African species has been much neglected

since the time of Sir A. Smith, and it is very difficult to identify

some of his species owing to the fact that his descriptions are often

short and vague, and also that the types of those still in the British

Museum are all in a very bad state of preservation.

Mus DECUMANUS, THE NoRwAY oR Brown Rat.

Mus decumanus, Pauwas, nov. sp. Glir., p. 91 (1778); Smuts,

Enum. Mamm. Cap., p. 35 (1832); Layarp, Cat. Mamm. §. Afr.

Mus., p. 51 (1862).

* For dimensions see p. 239,

204 Annals of the South African Museum.

Description.—General colour above greyish brown, sometimes

with a reddish-brown tinge; fur woolly, intermixed with longer,

coarser, straight hairs, the woolly portion slaty, with pale brown

tips, the coarse hairs black; below dirty white with slaty bases to

fur; ears small, when pressed forward not reaching the eyes; limbs

and feet stout and strong; the tarsal pads well developed, six in

number, the proximal one being an elongated oval; tail always

shorter than the head and body, covered with short sparse bristles,

not concealing the scaly rings, which are coarse, numbering about

25 to the inch, the bristles become a little longer towards the tail-

tip, and form a slight tuft in some cases; mammae 5d to 6 pairs.

Skull large, with well-developed supraorbital ridges; the

antorbital foramen is narrowed below, and the anterior edge of

the plate is perpendicular.

This rat can always be distinguished by its size, the shortness

of its ears and tail, and by its coarse fur.

Dimensions (from a large stuffed male).—Head and body 11°25;

tail 7°75; hind foot 1:60; from ear-opening to nose-tip 2°20;

skull length 1°50, breadth -70; length of upper molars -30.

Distribution.—This rat is cosmopolitan, being found all over the

world, especially in the neighbourhood of towns and seaports; its

original home appears to have been in Western China, whence it

spread to Europe early in the last century—it is said to have reached

England about 1730. It is common in Cape Town and neighbour-

hood, and is probably to be found in all the large towns, and along

the lines of communication.

Mus RATTUS, THE BuAcKk Rat,

Mus rattus, Linnarus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 83 (1766);

LayarD, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 51 (1862); pe Winton, Proc.

Zool. Soc., pp. 803, 807 (1896) [Rhodesia .

Description.—General colour above and below brown, fur coarse

and harsh, ears larger than in M. decumanus, when pressed forward

reaching as far as the eye; feet and hands a little paler than the

back but not white, the pads on the soles well developed; the

proximal one elongated and oval; tail much longer than the head

and body, of the same brown colour throughout, covered with short

bristles not becoming much longer towards the tip; tail rings some-

what finer than those of M. decwmanus, about 30 to the inch;

extreme tail-tip in South African specimens examined, white ;

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 205

mammae 10 to 12 in number, 2 or 3 pairs pectoral, 3 pairs

inguinal.

Skull generally resembling that of M. decwmanus, but rather

shorter in the nasal region.

Dimensions (measured in the flesh).—Head and body 7:40; tail

8°63; hind foot 1°32; skull length 1:40, breadth -75; upper

molars 30.

Distribution.—Like the brown rat, the black rat is cosmopolitan,

having been carried all over the world in ships; it has, however,

been driven out of many places by its brown cousin, and is now

comparatively rare in England.

In Africa the black rat was formerly common in Cape Town, but

it now seems to have disappeared; it is, however, the common house

rat. of Rhodesia, and I have examined a specimen from Pretoria

preserved in the Museum there.

This rat is not indigenous in Europe, though long established

there, it has been known to exist on the Continent since the

thirteenth century; brown and rufous varieties differing somewhat

in colour from the ordinary European form are found in North

Africa, India, and Burma, and are there indigenous; it is probably

from this form that the present European race originated.

Mus CHRYSOPHILUS, DARLING’s Rat.

Mus chrysophilus, pe Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc., pp. 801, 807

(1896).

Description.—General colour bright reddish fawn, sprinkled with

black hairs becoming lighter on the sides; below white, clearly

defined from the fawn of the sides, all the fur above and below with

slaty bases; ears oval, about three-quarters of an inch in length,

with a thin covering of greyish hairs; feet covered with white hairs,

soles somewhat dark in colour, with the usual six pads, the proximal

one rounded ; tail a little longer than the head and body, the rings

running about 30 to an inch, towards its base lighter below than

above, distally quite brown, bristles increasing in number towards

the tail-tip, but hardly forming a brush.

Skull with the outer edge of the antorbital plate sloping forwards.

A rat in the collection of the Pretoria Museum closely resembles

the description of this species, differing only in its greater size (head

and body 6°50; tail 8-0; hind foot 1:40), and in the absence of the

slaty bases in the fur of the under side.

206 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Dimensions (of the type measured in the flesh).—-Head and body

5°75; tail 6-50; hind foot 1:12. Of a specimen in alcohol: Head

and body 5:10; tail 6-0; hind foot 1:2; skull length 1-50, breadth

°75; molar teeth of upper jaw °25.

Distribution.—The type of this species, collected by J. ff. Darling

at Mazoe, in Mashonaland, is in the British Museum, the South

African Museum possesses an example from the same locality and

collector ; it has also been found near Bulawayo, in the Transvaal,

and in Nyassaland. ;

Mus AURICOMIS, THE GOLDEN Rat.

Mus auricomis, DE Wixton, Proce. Zool. Soc., pp. 802, 807 (1896).

Description.—General colour above fawn-yellow, sprinkled with

black hairs, lighter on the sides ; below including the hands and feet

pure white almost to the bases of the hairs, which are sometimes a

pale grey; ears moderate, naked, save for a few yellow hairs; tail

nearly naked, bi-coloured for the basal portion, brown for the ter-

minal portion with a few short adpressed bristles increasing in

number and length towards the tip, rings of the tail about 27 to the

inch.

Allied to M. chrysophilus, but smaller with almost pure white belly

fur and a more golden and less rufous tinge to the sides and upper

parts.

Dimensions (of the type measured in the flesh).—Head and body

4-44; tail 5:78; hind foot -94; skull length 1:22, breadth -59; upper

molars °20.

Distribution.—The type of this species was also obtained at

Mazoe in Mashonaland by Mr. Darling, and is now in the British

Museum. Mr. de Winton records it at the same time from the

neighbourhood of Bulawayo, where it was obtained by Mr. Selous.

A skin in the South African Museum from Paarl, in the Colony, has

been identified by Mr. de Winton with this species.

Mus PAEDULCUS, WAHLBERG'S Rat.

Mus paedulcus, SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh., Stockholm (1846),

p. 120 (1847).

Description.—General colour above greyish brown, darker in the

middle of the back, greyer on the sides, below pure white with no

slaty bases of the fur; along the back the hairs are fairly soft and

thick and have a considerable admixture of black tips; ears rather

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 207

large, oval with a thin covering of grey hairs; extremities greyish

white, claws almost concealed by the long hairs; the proximal tarsal

pad much elongated ; tail slightly shorter than the head and body,

dark brown above and below, rings very fine, about 50 to the inch,

bristles short, tail-tip in the two specimens examined white ; mammae

probably 3 pairs, 7.e., 1-2=6.

Skull with the incisive foramina barely reaching the anterior level

of the molars; the front edge of the perpendicular plate of the

antorbital foramen with a backwardly directed slope, so that its top

angle is somewhat acute.

The above account is drawn up from a specimen in the South

African Museum agreeing very well with the original description of

Sundevall.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 5:5; tail 5-0; hind foot

‘90; from ear-opening to nose-tip 1:10; skull too imperfect for

measurement.

Distribution.—The type collected by Wahlberg, now in the Stock-

holm Museum, is described as coming from the interior of Kaffirland ;

the example in the South African Museum is from Pondoland in the

extreme east of the Colony; no other localities are recorded.

Mus DOLICHURUS, THE LONG-TAILED Rat.

Mus dolichurus, Smuts, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 38, pl. 11. (1832) ;

A. Suita, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 155 (1834); THomas, Proc.

Zool. Soe., p. 186 (1891); Ip., ibid., p. 141 (1894) [measurements] .

Mus arborarius, PETERS, Reise Mozamb, Siiugeth., p. 152, pl. xxxv.,

fig. 7, pl. xxxvi., fig. 2 (1852).

Mus rutilans, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 478, pl. i, figs. 2, 3

(1876).

Description.—General colour above rich brown, rather darker along

the middle of the back owing to the greater admixture of black-tipped

hairs, becoming paler on the sides and pure white below, without

slaty bases, fur of the upper surface very long and soft; tip of

the nose not white, a dark spot in front of the eye; ears rather

large, about half an inch in length ; hands and feet somewhat slender,

both covered with white hairs; proximal tarsal pad elongated ; tail

much longer than the head and body, bi-coloured chiefly owing to

the bristles being black above and white below, rings fine though

conspicuous, about 46 to the inch, bristles towards the tip of the tail

208 Annals of the South African Museum.

elongated and soft, forming a distinct brush ; mammae 6 in number—

1 pair pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

The very long tail with black pencil and fine rings distinguish

this species from other South African rats.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 4:0; tail 5°25;

hind foot 87; skull length 1:1, breadth °56; length of upper

molars *20.

Distribution.—The type described by Smuts was from the neigh-

bourhood of Cape Town, whence the South African Museum has

an example, Smith records it from Uitenhage. Outside South

Africa it appears to be widely distributed from the Niger and

Cameroons in the west and the Fayoum of Egypt in the east south-

wards through Central and East Africa to the Colony.

Mus NIGRICAUDA, THE BLACK-TAILED Rat.

Mus nigricauda, THomas, Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 266, pl. xiv., fig. 1

(1882); Bocacr, Journ. Sei., Lisbon (2), v., p. 10 (1890).

Description.—General colour above yellow mixed with black,

somewhat more yellow on the sides, fur coarse and long, below pure

white without slaty bases to the hairs; ears large, thinly covered

with short greyish hairs; extremities white, the hairs concealing the

claws ; hind feet comparatively short, the six pads large and rounded,

occupying a considerable portion of the sole; tail shorter than the

head and body, nearly naked at the base, but thickly covered distally

above and below with long shining black hairs forming a slight pencil

at the tip; molars broad and rounded with numerous well-marked

small cusps.

Dimensions (from the type).—Head and body 6:2; tail 5-8; hind

foot 1:01; upper molars °21.

Distribution.—The type was obtained by C. J. Andersson on the

Hountop River in Damaraland; other examples have been collected

in Angola, where it appears to be fairly common. There are no

specimens in the South African Museum.

Mus DAMARENSIS, THE DAMARALAND Rat.

Mus silaceus, apud THomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882) (nec

Wagner).

Mus damarensis, DE Winton, Ann, Mag. N. H. (6), xix., p. 349

(1897).

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa, 209

Description.—General colour reddish fawn or isabelline sprinkled

with fine darker hairs, richest along the dorsal line, becoming greyer

on the sides and below pure white, including the hands and feet ;

ears large, covered in and outside with short reddish hairs; tail

about the same length as the head and body, covered distally with

somewhat long liver-coloured hairs so as to be almost bushy, rings

fine, about 50 to the inch; the feet are thick, the pads are large

and crowded, the claws small and curved, are almost concealed by

the hairs.

Dimensions (from the type).—Head and body 5°30; tail 5:30;

hind foot :95; skull length about 1°25, breadth 62; upper

molars °24.

Distribution.—The type, obtained some years ago by Mr. C.

J. Andersson in Damaraland, was formerly identified with WV.

silaceus, but has recently been shown to be distinct by de

Winton.

Mus coucHa, THE WHITE-NOSED MOUSE.

Mus coucha, A. SmitH, App. Report Exped. Explor. 8. Africa,

p. 43 (1836); THomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882); JEnTINK,

Notes Leyd. Mus., p. 174 (1887).

Mus silaceus, WAGNER, Arch. Naturgesch., 1., p. 11 (1842).

Mus microdon, PETERS, Reise Mozamb., Siugeth., p. 149, pl. xxxv.,

figs. 5, 6, pl. xxxvi., fig. 1 (1852).

Mus sp., THomAs, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 13 (1888) ; Pousarauss, Ann.

Sci. Nat. (8), iv., p. 14 (1897).

Description.—General colour dark brown on the back, growing

paler on the sides and dirty white below, all the fur above and

below with strong slaty bases, the fur of the back long, soft with pale

brown and black tips intermixed, the latter much more abundant

along the middle of the back; tip of the nose white; ears moderate

and oval; feet pure white, tarsal pads all rounded, claws almost

concealed by the long white hairs which project beyond them ; tail

about the same length or shorter than the head and body, the

rings numbering about 44 to the inch, covered with short bristles,

dark above, white below, hardly longer towards the tip; mammae

16—5 pairs pectoral, 3 pairs inguinal in the specimen examined, but

often exceeding this number up to 24.

Skull with a large antorbital foramen not much narrowed below

with small not well-developed plate.

210 Annass of the South African Museum.

Synononvy.—This rat is found over the greater part of Africa, and it

is in consequence of this and of the fact that it varies toa great extent

throughout its range both in size and colour that it has received the

names recorded above in the synonomy ; it seems probable, however,

as M. Pousargues and Mr. Thomas have stated above, that there is

only one varying species.

Dimensions (from a specimen in aleohol).—Head and body, 3°60

(of a dried skin 5:0); tail 3°50; hind foot -85; from ear to tip of

nose 1:20.

Distribution.—The type of the species was obtained by Sir A.

Smith in Bechuanaland, and the species is also known from Damara-

land, while the South African Museum contains examples from the

neighbourhood of Cape Town, Namaqualand and Griqualand West ;

outside South Africa it is recorded from French Congoland and

Abyssinia through Central and East Africa and Nyassaland to

Mozambique.

Mus cotonus, Brants’ Rat.

Mus colonus, Brants, Muizen, p. 124 (1827); Smuts, Enum.

Mamm. Cap., p. 37 (1832); A. Surrn, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii. p.

154 (1834); Ip., Illustr. Zool. 8. Afr. Mam., pl. xlvii., fig. 3 (1849) ;

PretERS, Reise Mozamb, Saugeth., p. 151 (1852); Grinn et SUNDEVALL,

Victorin Zool. Anteck, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii., p. 18

(1858) ; THomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), x., p. 181 (1892).

Mus natalensis, A. Smirn, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 156 (1834) ;

Ip., Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam., pl. xlvu., fig. 2 (1849) ; Marcus,

Siiugeth. Deutsch Ost Afrika, p. 51 (1895); pe Wryton, Proc. Zool.

Soe., p. 807 (1896).

Mus mariquensis, A. SmirH, App. Report Exped. Explor. 8. Africa,

p. 43 (1836); pe Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 803 (1896).

Description.—General colour very dark brown, almost black along

the middle line of the back owing to the admixture of long black

hairs, rather paler and more rufous on the sides, below dirty white

with dark slaty bases to the fur; nose-tip white, ears oval, covered

with a few sparse brown hairs, feet rather slender, dirty white, tail

shorter than head and body, brown above, paler below owing to

the colour of the short, stiff bristles with which it is thinly clothed,

rings coarse and conspicuous, about 40 to the inch; mammae

according to Thomas 10 in number—3 pairs pectoral and 2 pairs

inguinal.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 211

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 5:50; tail 4:80; hind

foot :92.

Distribution —The type is said by Brants to have come from the

neighbourhood of Algoa Bay; Victorin obtained his specimens at

Rondebosch near Cape Town, and the South African Museum

possesses examples from Pondoland and Rustenberg in the

Transvaal.

Mus VERROXI, VERREAUX’s Rat.

Mus verroxi, A. Suita, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 156 (1834).

Description.—General colour dark speckly brown, a little paler on

the sides and bluish white below, with slaty bases to the fur through-

out, no marked line of distinction of colour between the sides and

lower surface; tip of the nose not white; ears long and rounded

very nearly naked ; extremities dirty white, tarsal pads moderate, six

in number, the two proximal ones somewhat oval; tail considerably

longer than the head and body, distinctly bi-coloured, the rings fine

and not easily distinguishable, about 50 to the inch, tail-tip black

and slightly tufted; mammae, in the only specimen in which they

could be made out, 10 in number—3 pairs pectoral and 2 pairs

inguinal,

The above description, taken from a specimen in the South African

Museum, agrees well with I. verroxi, as described by Smith, except

that the nose-tip is not white as asserted by Smith.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 5:25; tail 6:0; hind

foot -90.

Distribution.—The type is described as being from the neighbour-

hood of Cape Town; the specimens in the South African Museum

are from Rondebosch in the Cape Division.

Mus muscutus, THE Houst Mouse.

Mus musculus, Linnagus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 83 (1766) ;

A. Surrn, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., l., p. 154 (1834); Layarp, Cat.

Mam. 8. Afr. Mus., p. 50 (1862).

Mus orientalis, CrEtTzZSCHMAR, Atlas zu der Reise von Riippell,

Saugethiere, p. 76, pl. xxx. (1826); Grint ET SUNDEVALL, Victorin

Zool., Anteck. k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii., p. 18 (1858).

Mus modestus, WAGNER, Arch, Naturges., i., p. 14 (1842); Ib.,

Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., iii., p. 432, pl. 181 e (1843).

212 Annals of the South African Musewmn.

Description.—General colour above brown with a yellowish tinge,

darkest along the back, lighter on the sides ; below greyish, the fur

slaty with somewhat paler tips, never white; ears large and nearly

naked, when pressed forwards reaching the eye; hands and feet

grey, never white, slender with the usual number of pads which are

all circular; tail usually about the same length as the head and

body, dark coloured, thinly covered with the usual bristles not

increasing in length towards the tip, towards the base somewhat

lighter below than above but towards the tip dark all round, rings of

the tail slender, about 50 to the inch; mammae 10 in number—3

pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol).—Head and body 3:20

(skin 3°70) ; tail 3-45; hind foot -62 ; from ear to nose-tip ‘90; skull

length -80, breadth -45 ; upper molars °15.

Distribution.—Cosmopolitan, being found in the habitations of

civilised man throughout the world; it probably originated in the

East ; it is common in Cape Town houses and also in Port Nolloth

and Pretoria and probably all other towns of South Africa of any

size.

MUS MINUTOIDES, THE WHITE-BELLIED FIELD Mousse.

Mus nuinutoides, A. Surry, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., i1., p. 157 (1834) ;

Tuomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882); In., ibid., p. 13 (1888)

[synonymy] ; DE Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xx., p. 320 (1897).

Mus minimus, PetERS, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 274 (1852); Ib.,

Reise Mozamb. Siugeth., p. 153, pl. xxxii., fig. 2, pl. xxxv., fig. 8

(1852) ; Grint ET SUNDEVALL, Victorin Zool. Anteck. k. Vet. Akad.

Handl., Stockholm, ii., p. 17 (1858).

Description.—Small and slender, general colour above fawn, rather

darker on the middle of the back through the admixture of black

hairs ; fur coarse with pale slaty bases; below pure white without

slaty bases, the line of demarcation of colour being strictly defined ;

ears moderate rounded and almost naked, a little darker along their

margins; hands and feet scantily covered with white hairs, the

claws rather large and not concealed by the hairs ; pads normal in

number and rounded, the skin between on both palms and soles

being covered with numerous little rounded swellings; tail rather

shorter than the head and body, pale, and covered with a fairly

thick coating of white bristles not forming a bushy tip; mammae

8 to 10—2 to 3 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Skull short and rather broad, anterior upper molar large, longer

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 213

than the two posterior ones taken together, the anterior portion

elongated and rather pointed, often bearing an extra heel in front

not found in other South African species. It is chiefly on this that

the genus Leggada is founded, but the character is not sufficiently

distinct or constant to afford grounds for generic distinction.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol).—Head and body 2°40

(in skin 2°90); tail 1°90; hind foot *50; from ear-opening to nose-

tip -70 ; skull length -77, breadth -40; upper molars °15.

Distribution.—The type of this species was obtained near Cape

Town by Sir A. Smith; the South African Museum possesses

examples from various parts of the Cape Division, from Clan-

william, Natal, and Delagoa Bay, and it is recorded from Knysna

and Damaraland; it is, therefore, probably widespread throughout

South Africa ; outside these limits it extends through Mozambique

and Nyassaland as far north as Wadelai and Uganda.

The following species are not represented in the collections of the

South African Museum, and cannot at present be satisfactorily

identified :—

Mus LEHOCHLA.

Mus lehochia, A. Smita, App. Report Exped. Explor. 8. Africa,

p. 43 (1836) ; Ip., Illustr. Zool. 8. Afr. Mam., pl. xlvii., fig. 1 (1849).

Description.—General colour above dark brown mixed with rufous,

below white with a rufous tinge ; eyebrow white; nose-tip (accord-

ing to Smith’s plate) white ; tail a little longer than the head and

body, brown and sparsely haired.

Dimensions.—Head and body 4°75 ; tail 5-0; hind foot -82.

Distribution.—The type was obtained from Lataku near Kuruman

in Bechuanaland, and was found in brushwood; it is perhaps a

multimammate species allied to Mus coucha, but with a longer

tail.

Mus NAMAQUENSIS.

Gerbillus namaquensis, A. Smiru, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., i., p. 160

(1834).

Mus namaquensis, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 802 (1896).

Description.—General colour above fawn, pencilled with black

especially posteriorly, sides lighter ; below bluish white; slaty bases

above and to the sides, but not to the belly hairs; ears very long

and broad with short white hairs inside, extremities covered with

214 Annals of the South African Musewm.

white hairs concealing the claws ; tail a little shorter than the head

and body with a short, scanty covering of bristles, black above white

below (Smith).

This species seems allied to MW. paedulcus and M. awricomis.

Dimensions.—Head and body 5°50; tail 4°75.

Distribution. Namaqualand.

MUS CAFFER.

Mus caffer, A. Smrru, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 157 (1834).

Description.—General colour blue-grey or brown-grey, lighter on

the sides, below greyish white; all the fur very long and soft; ears

long and oval, the inner surface with a sprinkling of minute white

hairs the outer with blackish hairs; feet greyish white ; tail thinly

covered with very short fine greyish hairs (Smith).

Dimensions.—Head and body 3°50; tail 3-0.

Distribution.—Kaffirland.

Mus MUSCARDINUS.

Mus muscardinus, WAGNER, Schreb. Saiugeth. Suppl., ii., p. 430

(1843).

Description.—Rusty yellow above, white below, ears naked; feet

white, tail shorter than the head and body, clothed with dark bristles

above and white ones below.

Dimensions.—Head and body 5:10; tail 3:20; hind foot 75.

Distribution.—Kaffraria, collected by Krebs.

Gren. SACCOSTOMUS.

Saccostomus, Prters, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 258 (1846).

Type S. campestris.

Description.—Robust, mouse-like animals with internal cheek

pouches, short tails and limbs; skull with the infraorbital opening

not much narrowed below but more or less triangular; incisors

small not grooved ; molars like those of Mus but with the tubercles

soon lost, so that in most specimens the teeth consist of transverse

ridges of enamel with depressions between.

This genus is allied to Mus, but differs in its shorter tail and in

Desckiptive List of the Rodents of South Africa 215

being provided with cheek pouches, in this resembling Cricetus,

containing the Hamsters of the northern part of the Old World.

The genus is practically confined to South Africa, as the only other

species described, besides those mentioned below, is S. elegans from

the Nyika plateau in North Nyassaland.

SACCOSTOMUS CAMPESTRIS, THE POUCHED Rat,

Saccostomus campestris, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 258

(1846) ; pe Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), 1., p. 6 (1898).

Saccostomus lapidarius, PETERS, Reise Mozamb. Siiugeth., p. 167,

pl. xxxiv., fig. 3, pl. xxxv., fig. 12, 1852; Bocaasz, Jorn. Sci. Lisb.

(2), v., p. 9 (1890) [habits]; Lorentz, Ann. kk. Hofmus. Wien,

ix. notiz. p. 65 (1894) [Zambesia].

Description.—Form somewhat stout, the head especially being

thick and broad; general colour above and on the sides dark drab

brown, the basal portion of the fur slaty, the tips chiefly pale brown

but with many black ones intermingled, darkest along the middle of

the back ; below pure white with no slaty bases to the fur, the line

of demarcation between the colours very distinct; whiskers fine and

mostly white; ears of moderate size, rounded, with a few brown

hairs only, about ‘60 inches in length; limbs rather short; hands

and feet white with pads and claws as in Mus, the proximal tarsal

pad rounded ; tail less than half the length of the head and body

not scaly, with traces of the rings towards the base, covered with

comparatively long rather outstanding hairs, dark above light below ;

10 mammae—3 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal; in the specimen

examined there was no paler spot behind the ears as described by

Peters.

The middle upper molar does not bear the extra anterior outer

cusp present in S. mashonae.

Dimensions (from a spirit-preserved specimen).—Head and body

5:0; tail 1:70; hind foot -65; from ear-opening to nose-tip 1:30 ;

skull length 1:30, breadth ‘70; upper cheek teeth -20.

Distribution.—This species was originally described from the

Zambesi valley by Peters; it is also recorded from Nyassaland,

Angola, and Damaraland, while there are specimens in the South

African Museum which seem to be referable to this species from the

Albany, Griqualand West, and the Bedford districts of the Colony,

and from Zululand ; it is, therefore, fairly widely distributed over

the south-eastern parts of Africa.

216 Annals of the South African Museum.

SACCOSTOMUS MASHONAE, THE MASHONALAND PoucHED Rat.

Saccostomus mashonae, DE WINTON, Proc. Zool. Soc., pp. 804, 805

(1896).

Description.—General colour above iron- grey, sides somewhat

paler, below slaty grey with grey drab tips to the fur; tail thinly

covered with hair with longer white hairs standing out somewhat

like those on the tail of a shrew.

Skull with the middle upper molar with a small though well-

developed extra outer anterior cusp, not present in the other

species.

This and the colour distinguish this species from S. campestris.

Dimensions (of the type).—Head and body 5:27; tail 1°37; hind

foot ‘87; skull length 1:39, breadth -68 ; upper molars -19.

Distribution.—The type of this species was obtained by Mr. J.

ff. Darling at Mazoe in Mashonaland; there is no example in the

South African Museum.

SACCOSTOMUS ANDERSSONI, ANDERSSON’S PoucHED Rat.

Saccostomus lapidarius, apud THomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266,

pl. xiv., fig. 2 (1882) (nec Peters).

Saccostomus mashonae, apud DE Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H.

(6), xx., p. 322 (1897) (nee de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1896),

p. 804).

Saccostomus anderssoni, DE Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), i., p. 6

(1898).

Description.—Resembling S. campestris in form and dimensions

but differing in colour, being of a hght, somewhat sandy tint, instead

of drab brown.

Distribution.—Damaraland and Angola.

SACCOSTOMUS FUSCUS, THE SMALL PoUCcHED Rat.

Saccostomus fuscus, Perers, Reise Mozamb. Saugeth., p. 163,

pl. xxxvi., fig. 4 [animal], pl. xxxv., fig. 13 [skull] (1852).

Description.—This species resembles the previous one, but is

smaller, and has a more pointed nose and more thickly haired ears ;

below it is grey, and its claws are black.

Dimensions.—Head and body 3°25; tail 1:10; hind foot -70;

skull length 1:0.

Distribution.—This species was also discovered by Peters further

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 217

south than the former one, in the neighbourhood of Inhambane in

Southern Mozambique. There is no specimen in the South African

Museum.

Gren. ACOMYS.

Acomys, Is. Grorrroy, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), x., p. 126 (1838).

Type A. cahirinus.

Small, mouse-like animals with the hinder part of the back

covered with flattened, grooved, inflexible spines ; 6 mammae—l pair

axillary, 2 pairs inguinal.

Skull with very small incisive foramina and with the coronoid

process of the mandible but little developed ; in other respects

resembling Mus.

About thirteen species of spiny mice are described, the bulk of

which are found in Africa and in the drier south-western parts of

Asia ; one species is known from Celebes.

ACOMYS SUBSPINOSUS, THE SPINy MOousE.

Mus subspinosus, WATERHOUSE, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 104 (1837).

Acomys subspinosus, THomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xviil., p. 269

(1896).

Description.—Back covered with flat, bristle-like spiny hairs ; body

above greyish brown getting paler on the sides, below pure white ;

a yellowish ring round the eyes; ears moderate ; tail shorter than

the head and body.

Dimensions (of the type).—Head and body 3°33; tail 2°93; from

ear-opening to tip of nose °88; hind foot -70.

Distribution—The type is described as having come from the

‘‘Cape of Good Hope’’; no more exact locality is recorded ; there

is no specimen in the South African Museum.

ACOMYS SELOUSI, SELOUS’ Spiny Mouse.

Acomys selousi, DE Winton, Proce. Zool. Soe., p. 807, pl. xl, fig. 2

[animal], (1896).

Description.—Smoky rufous-brown or coffee-coloured above, more

smoky on the face and darker on the back; clear chestnut-brown on

the cheeks, sides, and on a patch behind the ear ; below pure white

the two colours sharply distinguished; tail longer than the head

and body, brown above paler below.

218 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Dimensions.—Head and body 3:25; tail 3°63 ; hind foot 70 ;

skull length 1:0, breadth -50; upper molars °20.

Distribution.—The type was obtained by Mr. Selous on his

farm near Bulawayo ; it has since been recorded from Nyassaland ;

there are no specimens in the collections of the South African

Museum.

Gren. DASYMYS.

Dasymys, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 12 (1875). Type D.

ancomtus.

Mouse-like animals with moderate, somewhat hairy ears and

rather coarse fur, tail moderate, scaly ahd sparsely haired; skull

somewhat intermediate between that of Gerbillus and Mus; lower

branch of the zygomatic process produced forwards in hooked shape ;

incisors plain, front molars the longest, the posterior laminae of the

first and anterior laminae of the second and third upper molars large

and complicated.

DASYMYS INCOMTUS.

Mus incomtus, SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh. Stockholm (1846),

p. 120 (1847).

Dasymys gueinzii, Perers, M. B. Akad. Berlin, p. 12, pls. i., u1.

(1875).

Dasymys incomtus fuscus, DE Wrxton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 804

(1896).

Description.—General colour brown; darkest on the middle of the

back, paler on the sides, below grey, feet dark; ears rounded, fairly

clothed with hairs; feet with the pads and claws as in Mus, tail

shorter than the head and body, with scaly rings about 28 to the

inch, bedecked with a few scanty short bristles.

Geographical race.—A dark variety is described by de Winton from

Mashonaland resembling the type in size and general characters,

but differing in colour, being a uniform sooty black with only slight

yellow grizzling ; the upper incisors are deep orange-red, the lower

brownish honey coloured.

Dimensions (of the type)—Head and body 6:25; tail 5°83; hind

foot 1:37. Of the dark variety taken from the flesh : head and body

6.25; tail 5:75; hind foot 1:25; skull length 1:45, breadth -79;

upper molars 28.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 219

Distribution.—The type of the species was obtained by the

Swedish collector Wahlberg, near Durban, that of the dark

variety at Mazoe, in Mashonaland, by Mr. ff. Darling; it is also

recorded from Nyassaland. Mr. Marshall has recently presented an

example to the South African Museum from Salisbury.

Gren. ARVICANTHIS.

Arvicanthis, Lesson, N. Tabl. R. A. Mamm., p. 147, 1842. Type

A. niloticus.

Isomys, SunpDEvALL, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm (1842),

p. 219 (1843). Type A. niloticus.

Rat-like animals with hairy ears, covered with a woolly under-fur,

through which project the longer, ccarser hairs; the first and fifth

fingers and toes are very short, much more so than in the true rats.

The plan of coloration is never plain, but consists of lines or spots

on the back.

Skull and dentition as in Mus; mammae 8—2 pairs pectoral,

2 pairs inguinal.

This genus is hardly separated from Mus by any definite

characters, and its recognition is more a matter of convenience

than anything else; some half-dozen species are described from

various parts of Africa, while one extends to the south - western

part of Asia.

ARVICANTHIS PUMILIO, THE STRIPED MOousE.

Mus pumilio, SPARRMAN, k. Vet. Akad. Handl., p. 339, pl. vi.

(1784) ; Ip., Voyage to Cape, English trans., 8vo ed. 1., p. 375,

pl. vii. (1785) ; Brants, Muizen, p. 103 (1827); Smuts, Enum. Mam.

Cap., p. 36 (1832); A. Smirx, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., i., p. 153

(is34);° Ip:, Ilustr, Zool. S. Air. Mam., pl. xlvi., fig. I (1849) ;

SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh. Stockholm 1846, p. 88 (1847) ;

Grity, Victorin Zool. Anteck. k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii.,

p. 17 (1858); Layarp, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 50 (1862) ;

Tuomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266 (1882).

Mus lineatus, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 61 (1829).

Mus donovani, Lesson, Man. Mam., p. 268 (1827).

Mus vittatus, WAGNER, Arch. Naturg., vili., p. 11 (1842).

Mus septemvittatus, ScH1INz, Synops. Mam., ii., p. 155 (1845).

Mus striatus, SUNDEVALL, Oefvers. Akad. Forh. Stockholm 1846,

p. 88 (1847).

220 Annals of the South African Museum.

A, PUMILIO, sub-sp. DILECTUS.

Arvicanthis pumilio dilectus, DE Wixton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 803

(1896).

A. PUMILIO, sub-sp. BECHUANAE.

Isomys p. bechwanae, THomas, Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 551 (1892).

Description.—General colour greyish brown with a slight tinge of

yellow, under-fur soft, fine, and dark slaty in colour, through which

project considerably coarser hairs, white, black, and yellowish

brown ; along the back from the shoulders to the root of the tail run

four black longitudinal stripes, separated by three narrower inter-

spaces, of which the two outer are a little paler than the inner, of

the same colour as the back; the black stripes vary considerably in

distinctness, the two median ones usually originating in a single

dark median stripe on the head from between the eyes and meeting

at the root of the tail ; below pure white, but the hair not very thick,

so that the slaty black of the skin is visible, giving the belly a dirty

white colour; head rat-like, a pale ring round the eye, the ears

rounded, anteriorly and posteriorly with a fairly thick covering of

rufous hairs with a black edging along the inner margin of the

conch ; extremities the same colour as the back, but paler; skin of

the soles and palms dark, almost black, toes as in Mus, but the first

and fifth proportionately shorter, pads as in Mus, but the second

proximal one very small; claws black ; tail scaled and ringed, about

39 to the inch, covered with bristles increasing in length towards

the tip; the bristles are chiefly black along the dorsal line, and pale

yellow below, but the skin of the tail is black throughout ; mammae

8—2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs abdominal.

Geographical Faces.—The striped rat varies very considerably

both in size and in colour.

In Bechuanaland there occurs a large, almost sandy race with the

dorsal stripes very faint and with pale-coloured ears, described by

Thomas.

In Mashonaland on the other hand a darker race than the normal

is found with very dark, well-defined dorsal stripes and dusky belly

washed with orange.

The collection of the South African Museum consists chiefly of

spirit-preserved examples which are not of much service for the

discrimination of slight colour variations, but some skins from

Pondoland in the extreme east of the Colony appear to approach

Mr. de Winton’s dilectus race, and are certainly distinctly darker

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 221

and more richly coloured than what may be called the typical race

from the neighbourhood of Cape Town.

Dimensions.—As has been remarked by former writers, there is a

great variation in the dimensions of this species. In the case of

spirit preserved specimens in the South African Museum, the length

of the head and body varies from 3-60 to 4:90, and the tails from

3°70 to 5°90. The following are the dimensions of an individual

measured in the flesh from the neighbourhood of Cape Town : Head

and body 4°30; tail 4:10; hind foot 1:0; from ear to tip of nose ‘88.

The dimensions of sub-species bechuanae measured in the flesh are:

Head and body 5:0; tail 4°62; hind foot 1:0. Of sub-species dilectus :

Head and body 4°25; tail 3:25; hind foot :75; the dimensions of a

typical skull are—length 1-10, breadth -60; upper tooth row -20.

Distribution.—The type of this species was obtained by Sparrman

on the banks of the Slangen River, close to Cape St. Francis, in

what is now the Humansdorp Division of the Colony ; the species

is very common everywhere all over South Africa, and extends

northwards to Great Namaqualand on the west, and through Nyassa-

land as far as Mianzini near Lake Naivasha in British Hast Africa,

whence Thomas has described a third sub-species, A. p. dimidiatus,

rather smaller and more brightly coloured than the typical one. As

already stated, the two other sub-species, A. p. bechwanae and A. p.

dilectus, come from Bechuanaland and Mazoe in Mashonaland

respectively.

ARVICANTHIS DORSALIS, THE SINGLE-STRIPED Mouse.

Mus dorsalis, A. Suir, Llustr. Zool. 8. Afr. Mamm., pl. xlvi.,

fig. 2 (1849) ; Bocas, Journ. Sci. Lisbon (2), v., p. 16 (1890).

Arvicanthis dorsalis, DE Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 803 (1896).

Description.—General colour above reddish brown, the fur coarse

like that of the other species ; a single median black stripe running

from the neck to the root of the tail; below rusty white; the skin

white, not slaty as in the other species ; ears rather broad, covered

with coarse hairs, mingled reddish and black, the former prevailing ;

extremities of the same colour as the sides but white inside; the

first and fifth digit of the forelimb very small and rudimentary, the

latter provided with a small flat nail, so that the hand bears only three

clawed digits ; sole of the hind foot with three well-developed pads

only, those at the base of the first and fifth toes and the one next to

these proximally being very small or absent.

Tail longer than the head and body, but in other respects resem-

222 Annals of the South African Musewm.

bling that of A. pumilio. Mammae 8—2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs

inguinal. Incisors broad and stout but smooth, not furrowed.

Dimensions (from a specimen preserved in spirit)—Head and

body 4:70; tail 5°60; from ear-opening to tip of nose 1-40; hind

foot 1:10. Of a specimen measured in the flesh by Mr. Darling :

Head and body 5:12; tail 5-25; hind foot 1:12; skull length 1:20,

breadth -67; upper molars °205.

Distribution.—Sir A. Smith, the describer of the species, states

that it is common to the north of the Orange River, but rare to the

south ; it has also been obtained within our limits by Mr. Darling at

Mazoe, in Mashonaland, and beyond in Angola, Mozambique, and

Nyassaland.

GEN. GOLUNDA.

Golunda, Gray, Charlesw. Mag., N. H.,i., p. 586 (1837). Type

G. ellioti.

Pelomys, PetERS, Reise Mozamb. Siiugeth., p. 157 (1852). Type

G. fallax.

Rat-like animals with short rounded heads and somewhat coarse

bristly fur; the fifth finger of the forelimb is very short and rudi-

mentary ; the tail is long, scaly, and rat-like ; skull with compressed

palate ; upper incisors grooved, molars low and broad with tubercles

arranged as in Mus, when worn exhibiting a peculiar series of semi-

circular flattened lobes arranged in a triple row in the upper, in a

double row in the lower jaw.

The grooving of the incisors and the shortness of the fifth finger

at once separate this genus from Mus, which it otherwise closely

resembles.

Four species are recognised. One of these is found in India, two

in West Africa, and the remaining one, described below, in South

Africa.

GOLUNDA FALLAX, THE Swamp Rat.

Pelomys fallax, PerErs, Reise Mozamb. Siugeth., p. 157, pl.

xxxiii., fig. 3, pl. xxxv., fig. 9 (1852); Bocags, Jorn. Sci. Lisb. (2), v.,

p. 47 (1890) [habits in Angola].

Golunda fallax, DE Wrixton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 804 (1896).

Description.—General colour above speckled dark brown and

yellowish, somewhat paler on the sides and grey below, fur harsh

and bristly, a somewhat indistinct dark dorsal stripe along the back;

tip of the nose rufous-brown, ears moderate, round, fairly covered

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 223

with rufous hairs; fifth finger very short, but clawed; tarsus with

only five pads, the proximal one being absent, and the three next to

it being very small; tail shorter than the body, dark above, paler

below, covered with sparse bristles, the rings about 25 to an inch ;

mammae 8—2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Skull with the nasal region exceedingly short and broad; incisors

with a strong longitudinal furrow rather towards the outer side of the

tooth, molars much as in Mus but rather broader.

Dimensions.—Head and body 6°75; tail 5°25; hind foot 1:37

skull length 1:12. (Peters.)

Distribution.—This species was described by Peters from the

Zambesi Valley in Mozambique. It has since been recorded from

Nyassaland and Angola; within our region it was obtained by Mr.

Darling at Mazoe, in Mashonaland. It is not represented in the

collections of the South African Museum.

Sup-Faminy SIGMODONTINAE.

Gren. MYSTROMYS.

Mystromys, Waaner, Arch. Naturges, i., p. 132 (1841). Type

M. albicaudatus.

Rat-like animals with soft, rather woolly fur, and large broad ears,

with short tails and a somewhat hairy tarsus; skull with the

antorbital foramen hardly at all narrowed below, and the perpen-

dicular plate but little developed, not extending forwards beyond the

upper root of the zygoma ; incisors ungrooved, molars rooted, those

of the upper jaw with the tubercles arranged in a double instead of

a treble row as in the Murinae, those of the lower jaw as in the

Murinae in a double row.

This genus appears to be confined to Central and South Africa,

one species being described by Noak from the former region.

To the same sub-family belong the Hamsters of the Palearctic

region; a number of curious rat-like genera from Madagascar and

from the New World, in neither of which two latter places are any

true Murinae indigenous.

MyYSTROMYS ALBICAUDATUS, THE WHITE-TAILED Rat.

Otomys albicaudatus, A. Smirn, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 148

(1834) ; Ip., Illustr. Zool. 5. Afr. Mam., pl. xxxiii. (1849).

Mystromys albipes, WAGNER, Arch. Naturg., i., p. 132 (1841); Ip.

Schreb. Saiugeth. Suppl., i., p. 500, pl. clxxvi. a (1843).

224 Annals of the South African Museum.

Malacothrix albicaudatus, WAGNER, Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl, 1.

p. 498 (18438).

Mystromys albicaudatus, DE Winton, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7),i., p. 7

(1898).

Description.—General colour dark brown above, somewhat paler

below, the fur being long, soft, and somewhat woolly, dark slate for

the greater part of its length with brown tips; space round the nose

and chin pure white; ears very large, broad, and patulous about

‘7 by ‘6 in., the inner half of the conch nearly white, the outer half

black, covered anteriorly and posteriorly with a few silvery and black

hairs; limbs slender, hands and feet covered with white hairs

lengthened so as to almost conceal the claws, pads normal in number

but the two proximal ones of the sole very small and rounded, the

naked portion of the sole very narrow, much encroached on by the

long white hairs on either side, so that the whole tarsus has a very

hairy appearance ; tail short, less than half the length of the head

and body, almost white, obscurely ringed, but these are almost

hidden by the dense covering of short hairs above, with a few black

hairs intermixed, below pure white.

Incisors smooth and very pale yellow.

The above description is drawn up from a specimen in the South

African Museum which has been compared with the type in the

British Museum. It may be noticed that in Smith’s original deserip-

tion the incisors are described as smooth, in the subsequently pub-

lished ‘ Illustrations’ as grooved.

Dimensions (from the example in alcohol in the South African

Museum).—Head and body 3°85; tail 1:68; hind foot :95; from ear-

opening to nose-tip 1:20; skull length 1:22, breadth -65; upper

tooth row °26.

Distribution —Si A, Smith met with this species in the neigh-

bourhood of Grahamstown and to the north of the Orange River ;

the single example in the Museum is also from the neighbourhood

of Grahamstown. There is an example in the British Museum from

the Transvaal.

MystTrRoMYS LANUGINOSUS, THE LARGER WHITE-TAILED Rat.

Huryotis lanuginosa, LICHTENSTEIN, Verzeichn. Saugeth. u. Vogeln.

Kaffirland, Berlin, p. 10 (1842).

Description.—General colour above light brown, below white, the

hair thick, soft and rather woolly, dark slate for the greater part of

its length, the tips mingled brown and white, the former predomi-

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 225

nating along the middle of the back, the latter on the sides; tip of

the snout somewhat pale, not white, ears very large, about ‘9 in. by

‘75, darker towards the margin, covered with thin greyish hairs ;

limbs short and slender, hands and feet white above, the claws

almost concealed by the long white hairs, pads as in the other

species ; tarsus with a very narrow naked line almost concealed by

the long white hairs; tail short, obscurely ringed, covered with a

thick coating of hairs, white above and below.

Dimensions (from an old stuffed specimen).—Head and body 7:0 ;

tail broken about 2:0; hind foot 1:0; from ear-opening to nose-tip

1:40; skull length about 1°45, breadth -72 ; upper cheek teeth °265.

Distribution.—The single specimen from which the above account

is taken was obtained some years ago on the Cape Flats, and is now

in the South African Museum. Possibly it may turn out to be an

undescribed species.

Famiry BATHYERGIDAE.

Gen. BATHYERGUS.

Bathyergus, Iuuicer, Prodr. Syst. Mam., p. 86 (1811). Type

B. maritimus.

Burrowing rodents with small eyes, no ear conch, and the toes of

the fore feet with specially long claws, of which that of the second

digit is considerably the longest; hind foot with the third toe the

longest.

Skull massive with an almost straight upper profile and a small

sub-circular antorbital foramen.

Dentition.—1. 1/1; ¢. 0/0; p.m. 1/1; m. 3/3 = 20; upper incisors

large, broad, and grooved, lower incisors also large but smooth ;

molars simple with re-entering folds in youth only.

Only the single species below described is known.

BATHYERGUS MARITIMUS, THE SAND MOLE.

Mus maritimus, GMevin, Linn. Syst. Nat. ; p. 140 (1788).

Mus swillus, SCHREBER, Saiugeth., iv., p. 715, pl. eciv. B (1792).

Georychus maritimus, A. Smrrx, Deser. Cat. S. Afr. Mus., p. 28

(1826).

Bathyergus maritimus, Smuts, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 48 (1832) ;

A. Suira, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 170 (1834); Layarp, Cat.

Mam. 8. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862).

226 Annals of the South African Museum.

Orycterus maritimus, WATERHOUSE, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) viii,

p. 81, pli. fig. 1 [skull] , (1842).

Description.—General colour slaty grey with a distinct brown

-tinge on the back, fur soft, thick and rather woolly, slaty for the

greater part of its length, the tips on the back being pale brown;

head somewhat acutely pointed, a considerable flesh-coloured patch

surrounding the nostrils and reaching the edge of the upper lip; the

incisors so long that they are always visible, the lips not being large

enough to cover them; eyes about as large as the head of a large

pin, the eyeballs being about -10 in. in diameter; external ears

absent, a small round hole surrounded by a fleshy coloured bare

margin marking the external opening of the meatus; limbs very

short, the fore feet with five toes all with large strong claws much

better developed than those of the hind feet, the second the longest,

then the third, fourth, fifth, and first in order; hind foot with a

broad naked sole, along the sides of which run fringes of white stiff

bristle-like hairs; the five toes of the hind foot are all clawed, the

middle one being the longest, the claws somewhat flattened and nail-

like ; tail very short, covered on the sides and below with stiff white

bristles.

Incisors white, those of the upper jaw strongly grooved down the

middle of the tooth ; those of the lower very long, sometimes over

three inches, of which half protrude beyond the socket; these teeth

are separated by a slight interval; the molars somewhat oval in

section, decreasing in size from in front backwards, surrounded by a

ring of enamel with infoldings gradually disappearing with age.

White and piebald varieties of this animal are not uncommon.

Dimensions (from a skin).—Head and body 16°50; tail 1:25 ; hind

foot 1°87; from ear-opening to nose-tip 4:50; skull length 2-70,

breadth 1:90; upper molars °50.

Distribution.—This animal appears to be found only along the

coast and never inland, it is abundant near Cape Town, and seems

to extend northwards to Namaqualand, and eastwards as far as

Knysna certainly, perhaps as far as Bathurst. All the specimens

in the South African Museum are from the neighbourhood of Cape

Town.

Gen. GHORYCHUS.

Georychus, ILuIcER, Prodr. Syst. Mam., p. 87 (1811). Type G.

capensis.

Rodent moles closely resembling Bathyergus externally, but with

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 227

quite small claws to both feet, the second and third toes of both

fore and hind feet are about equal, and the longest.

Skull with a somewhat rounded upper profile; teeth as in

Bathyergus, but with the upper incisors quite smooth.

This is a purely African genus; in addition to those described

below, there are some three or four species known from Angola,

Central and East Africa.

GEORYCHUS CAPENSIS, THE BLESMOL.

Mus capensis, Pauuas, Glires, pp. 76, 172, pl. vii. (1779).

Bathyergus capensis, Smuts, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 49 (1832); A.

Smits, 8S. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 170 (1834) ; WATERHOUSE, Ann.

Mag. N. H. (1), vii., p. 81, pl. u., fig. 2 (1842).

Georychus. capensis, A. Smiru, Deser. Cat. S. Afr. Mus., p. 26

(1826) ; Griux, Victorin Zool. Anteck. k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock-

holm, ii., p. 19 (1858) [Cape Town and Knysna]; Layarp, Cat.

Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862); Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., p 123

1864; P. L. ScnarEer, Proc. Zool. Soc., pp. 246, 449 (1889) [white

var.| ; THomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 238 (1895).

Description.—General colour above a rusty brown becoming paler

on the sides, and slaty grey below; the fur soft and thick, and with

slaty bases throughout, except on the spots; head becoming darker,

almost black ; round the nostrils and mouth, round the eyes, round

the ear-openings and on the top of the head a set of pure white

patches ; head much truncated in front; eyes very small; external

ears absent; limbs short, fore feet with five small claws, hind feet

also with five claws, short and broad, the sole covered with wrinkles

and creases, but with no definite pads; tail very short, thick, and

rounded, covered with white stiff bristles; mammae 8 in number—

2 pairs pectoral, 2 pairs inguinal.

Young of about five inches are a pure slaty grey above, not rusty

brown. Skull with the nasals and premaxillae, extending back

about the same distance, incisors white, quite smooth ; upper molars

increasing in size from before backwards, the premolars being the

smallest.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 8°5; tail

80; hind foot 1:20; from ear-opening to nose-tip 1:5; skull length

2°10, breadth 1°60 ; upper molars °33.

Distribution.—The western half of the Colony extending to

Namaqualand and Kimberley in the north and to Knysna in the

east.

228 Annals of the South African Museum.

GEORYCHUS DAMARENSIS, THE DAMARALAND BLESMOL.

Bathyergus damarensis, OG1uBy, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 5 (1838).

Georychus damarensis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 125 (1864) ;

Tuomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 239 (1895).

Description—Size about the same as the common Blesmol.

General colour uniform reddish brown above and below with a

large irregularly square white mark on the occiput and another on

each side of the neck below the ears, meeting below on the throat,

which is therefore a dirty white; feet reddish brown ; tail short,

covered with stiff reddish brown bristles. (Ogilby.)

Dimensions.—Head and body 8:25; tail -25

Distribution.—The type of this species, now in the British

Museum, was obtained many years ago by Capt. Alexander in

Damaraland ; it also occurs in Angola. It is not represented in the

collections of the South African Museum.

GEORYCHUS DARLINGI, DARLING’S BLESMOL.

Georychus darlingi, THomas, Ann. Mag. N H. (6), xvi., p. 239

(1895) ; pp Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 805, pl. x1, fig. 1 (1896).

Description.—Size small; fur close, soft, and velvety, general

colour uniform drab, the bases of the fur slaty grey, below slightly

paler; a large prominent triangularly shaped spot on the crown of

the head; feet and tail as in G. hottentotus.

Skull broad and heavy, nasals short and evenly expanded, pre-

maxillae surpassing them posteriorly and forming a suture behind

them; antorbital foramen higher than broad, with a thick outer

wall.

Dimensions (from a male measured in the flesh).—Head and body

5:0; tail -47; hind foot °86; skull length 1:12, breadth °88 ; upper

molars °22.

Distribution.—The type now in the British Museum was obtained

by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, near Salisbury, and other specimens

collected by Mr. Darling were received from Mazoe also in

Mashonaland, at the same time; not represented in the South

African Museum,

GEORYCHUS HOTTENTOTUS, THE Mone Rat.

Bathyergus hottentotus, Lesson, Voy. Coq. Zool., i., p. 166, pl. ii.

(1825).

Bathyergus caecutiens, Branrs, Muizen, p. 37 (1827); Smuts,

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 229

Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 49 (1832); A. Smrru, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii.,

p. 171 (1834).

Bathyergus ludovigiui, A. Smirn, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 439 (1829).

Georychus holosericeus, WAGNER, Schreber Saéugeth. Suppl., iii.

p. 373 (1843).

Georychus caecutiens, GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 125 (1864) ;

Tuomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xvi., p. 238 (1895).

Georychus hottentotus, Grmu, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm,

ii., p. 19 (1858) [Knysna] ; Noax, Zool. Jahrb., iv., p. 144, pl. ii1.,

figs. 21-25 (1895) [Kalahari].

Description.—Much smaller than G. capensis; general colour dark

slaty with a tinge of dark brown above owing to the brown tipping

of the slaty fur, below the tipping is dirty white, giving a paler

general aspect to the fur; no sign of white anywhere on the head,

which is the same colour as the body; not entirely blind as described

by Brants,- but with very small eyeballs about ‘08 in. in diameter

and a distinct slit measuring about the saine length ; limbs and tail

as in the other species, but with the sole of the foot narrower and

more slender.

Skull with the premaxillae extending further back than the nasals

and forming a suture in the middle line behind; the lachrymal bone

forms on either side a slight overhanging projection, rendering the

skull at this point much wider than it is just behind; antorbital

opening elongated and upright. The upper molars are more rounded

than in G. capensis, and decrease in size from in front backwards,

the premolar being the largest.

Dimensions (of a male in the flesh)—Head and body 5:62; tail

30; hind foot -92; skull length 1°35; breadth ‘97; upper molars -25.

Distribution—This is the common Mole Rat of the eastern

province of the Colony and Natal, though extending as far as

Stellenbosch in the west, whence the South African Museum pos-

sesses examples ; other localities are Uitenhage (Smith), Knysna

(Victorin), Kalahari (Noak), Johannesberg, Grahamstown, Howick,

and Durban in Natal (South African Museum).

GEORYCHUS NIMRODI, SELOUS’S Moxe Rat.

Georychus nimrodi, DE Winton, Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 808 (1896).

Description—About the same size as G. hottentotus; general

colour dark drab with no white spot on the head; skull with the

premaxillae not extending posteriorly beyond the nasals, so that the

suture between these and the frontals is a simple bowed line; ant-

orbital foramina small, with the outer wall thickened.

230 Annals of the South African Museum.

Dimensions (of the type, a male in the flesh) —Head and body

5:75 ; hind foot -96; skull length 1:22, breadth 1:06.

Distribution—The type together with several other examples,

were all obtained by Mr. Selous, at Essex Vale, a farm near Bula-

wayo, and are now in the British Museum.

Faminry PEDETIDAE.

Gren. PEDETES.

Pedetes, ILuIiGER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm., p. 81 (1811). Type P.

caffer.

Helamys, F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., xx., p. 344 (1817). Type P.

caffer.

Form kangaroo-like, with short fore limbs, and well-developed

hind limbs, the metatarsus being especially elongated and the

metatarsal bones separate from one another; there are four toes

armed with hoof-like nails.

Skull short and broad with very wide and expanded nasals, ant-

orbital opening very large and oval; malar bone ascending from

the zygomatic arch in a horizontal plate to meet the lachrymal

bone; cervical vertebrae free.

Dentition.—i. 1/1; ¢. 0/0; p.m. 1/1; m. 3/3=20; molars rootless,

with a single deep enamel fold externally in the upper jaw, internally

in the lower jaw.

This genus, the only one of the family, and containing the single

species below described, is a rather anomalous one, and has no near

allies, so that its position among the other rodent families has varied

considerably. Mr. Alston, in his classical paper on the arrangement

of Rodents (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 61), placed it in a special

sub-family of Dipodidae, or Jerboa rats, among the Myomorpha ;

several authors have recognised the fact that the resemblances

between the Jerboas and Pedetes are artificial and adaptive rather

than natural, and Dr. Winge, of Copenhagen, in a general revision

of the Rodents,* placed the Pedetidae between the Sciuridae and the

Anomoluridae ; Mr, O. Thomas,+ however, in his recently published

list has transferred the family to the Hystricomorpha, and placed

them at the commencement of the series; on the whole, most of

+ Proc. Zool. Soc. (1896), p. 1012.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 231

the characters of the skull and teeth bear out the contention of

Mr. Thomas.

PEDETES CAFFER, THE SPRING-HAAs.

Mus caffer, Pauuas, Glires, p. 87 (1778).

Yerbua capensis, Forster, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm,

p. 108, pl. iii. (1778).

Helamys capensis, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mam., livr. 59 (1829) ;

LAYARD, Cat. Mamm. §. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862).

Pedetes caffer, A. Situ, Descr. Cat. 5. Afr. Mus., p. 26 (1826) ;

Smuts, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 47 (1832).

Pedetes typicus, A. Surtu, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 169

(1834).

Description.—General colour tawny brown, becoming paler on

the sides and almost pure white below, including a vertical stripe

in front of the thighs; fur long, straight, dark brown, with a slaty

tinge basally, sandy brown terminally; rhinarium not connected

with the upper lip by a naked line; snout very obtuse, eye large,

ears long and pointed, measuring 24 to 3 in., thickly clothed

with hairs basally, nearly naked terminally, bearing at the base

of the inner margin a little fleshy projecting lobe resembling a bat’s

tragus; fore limbs short, with five toes, all provided with long,

curved, and pointed claws, palm of the hand with a large, rounded,

naked pad at the root of the thumb, and another smaller oval one

with a fringe of hairs around it at the root of the fifth digit; hind

limbs much elongated, the tarsus being as long as the foot from

the knee to the ankle; only four toes, the third the largest, the

fifth the smallest, and the first absent, all armed with solid hoof-

like nails; sole of the foot hairy to the claws; tail about as long

as the head and body, covered with long hairs, sandy brown above,

pale below, the terminal third black; mammae 4 in number,

pectoral in position.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 23:50 ;

tail without terminal hairs 20°50; with 21:50; hind foot 6°50; from

ear-opening to tip of nose 4:0; skull length from condyle to pre-

maxillae 2°95, between perpendiculars 3°8, breadth 2°35; upper

molars “78.

Distribution.—Found throughout the drier and higher parts of

South Africa extending northwards to Angola and Unyamwezi in

German East Africa, but not apparently occurring in Nyassaland,

Mozambique, or Natal; the South African Museum possesses

232 Annals of the South African Museum.

examples from the Port Elizabeth, Albany, Graaf Reinet, and Middel-

burg Divisions of the Colony, it is also found throughout the Orange

Free State, Griqualand West, Bechuanaland, the Transvaal,

Rhodesia, and German South-West Africa.

Famity OCTODONTIDAE.

Gren. PETROMYS.

Petromys, A. Smirx, S. Afr. Quart. Journ., i., No. 5, p. 11 (1831).

Type P. typicus.

Compact, rounded animals with moderate rounded ears, with tails

only a little shorter than the body covered with stiff hairs, which

become longer towards the tip; five toes to both fore and hind

limbs, the pollex, however, being short and rudimentary.

Skull very broad posteriorly, with very large antorbital openings,

at the base of which is a groove for the passage of the nerve.

Dentition.—i. 1/1; ¢. 0/0; p.m. 1/1; m. 3/3=20; upper incisors

smooth, small, and compressed ; molars rooted somewhat quadrate

with a single fold internal in the upper and external in the lower

jaw, and with indications of smaller opposite folds external in the

upper, internal in the lower jaw.

Only one species of this genus, that below described, is known.

PETROMYS TYPICUS, THE Rock Rat, oR NOKI.

Petromys typicus, A. Sirx, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ.,i., No. 4, p. 1

(1831) ; In., ibid., ii., p. 146 (1834) ; Ip., Ilustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mam.,

plates xx., xxi. (skull and anat.), (1849); WATERHOUSE, Nat. Hist.

Mam., ii., p. 308, pl. xvi., fig. 8, pl. xvi, fig. 1 (1848).

Description.—General shape rat-like ; colour dull brownish grey,

pencilled tawny and black, hinder part of the back and posterior

extremities dull chestnut, all the hairs bluish grey at the base ; below

dull white tinged with tawny; apex of the muzzle and orbit bright

chestnut, whiskers long, rigid, and black, snout projecting and

truncated; ears rather small, wider than high, blackish, only

moderately clothed with hair; fore limbs with four clawed toes,

the first being represented by mere tubercle, palms with five rather

swollen pads; claws back; hind limbs somewhat thickened, hairy

above, naked below, with six pads, the three at the base of the toes

large and oval, the two next small and rounded, the proximal one

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 233

much elongated but not well developed, all the toes clawed, the first

short and not reaching the base of the second.

Tail a little shorter than the head and body, cylindrical, covered

with scales, which, however, are concealed by the long black hairs,

these are about ‘25 in. long towards the base, but gradually increase

to about °75 in. at the tip, the extreme base of the tail is the same

colour as the body, the rest of it is black.

Incisors yellowish.

Dimensions (from a specimen in alcohol).—Head and body 5°75 ;

tail 5°30; hind foot 1:25; from ear-opening to tip of nose 1:50;

length of a skin according to Smith 7°25; skull length 1-63, breadth

‘98 ; upper molars °38.

Distribution.—The Rock Rat has been found only in Namaqualand;

Sir A. Smith obtained his specimens in the mountains towards the

mouth of the Orange River. The South African Museum is indebted

to Dr. Howard for examples of this species, obtained at Klipfontein

about fifty miles inland from Port Nolloth.

Gen. THRYONOMYS.

Aulacodus, Temminck, Monogr. Mam., i., p. 245 (1827) (nec

Eschschricht). Type 7. swinderenianus.

Thryonomys, Frrzincer, S. B. Akad. Wien, lvi., p. 141 (1867).

Type 7. semipalmatus.

Stout, rat-like animals, with blunt muzzles, harsh fur, and short

tails sparsely covered with stiff bristles; the fore feet with a

rudimentary pollex and a small fifth toe, the hind foot with only

four digits, the outer (fifth) being very short.

Skull with inflated facial and small cranial divisions, the occipital

and lamboidal crests are very well developed, the antorbital opening

is large and has a special basal groove for the reception of the

nerve.

Dentition.—i. 1/1; ¢. 0/0; p.m. 1/1; m. 3/3=20; incisors very

broad, the upper ones with three strong longitudinal grooves; the

lower ones smooth; molars rooted, with, in the upper jaw two

external and one internal enamel folds; in the lower jaw one

external and two internal folds.

The use of the old and more familiar name for this genus,

Aulacodus, has recently been shown by Thomas to be inadmis-

sible, as it was previously used by Eschschricht for a genus of

Coleoptera.

234 Annals of the South African Museum.

Four species from other parts of Africa are recognised in addition

to the one below described.

THRYONOMYS SWINDERENIANUS, THE CANE Rat.

Aulacodus swinderianus, Temmrxcx, Monogr. Mam., 1., pp. 245,

948, pl. xxv. [juv.] (1827); WatTernouseE, Nat. Hist. Mam., i,

p. 356, pl. xvi., fig. 2 (1848); Layarp, Cat. Mam. 8. Afr. Mus.,

p. 50 (1862).

Aulacodus swinderenianus, THomas, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xii,

p- 202 (1894).

Description.—General colour speckled yellow and brown, below

paler, body covered everywhere with coarse bristles, no under-fur,

the bristles are pale brown for the greater part of their length, with

subterminal black and terminal yellow portions, they are flattened

and grooved on the upper surface ; chin and upper lip dirty white ;

ears short, broad and rounded, almost concealed among the bristles,

covered with a few dark hairs; limbs rather short, with four clawed

toes to each, those of the fore limb being the shorter, pollex very

small with a flat nail, hallux absent; tail less than half the length of

the head and body, somewhat rat-like, covered with short stiff

hairs, dark above, light below, the scaly skin being hardly hidden ;

mamme 6 in number, pectoral in position.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 19:0; tail

7:0, hind foot 2°80; from ear-opening to nose-tip 3°55 ; skull length

3°75, breadth 2°62; upper molars -75; weight of a male from 9 to

10 lbs.

Distribution.—The Cane Rat was originally described by Temminck

from a young specimen of which the history was unknown ; sub-

sequently it was obtained from Sierra Leone and Natal, and it is

now known as well from French Congo, Angola, German East

Africa, Nyassaland, and Mozambique. Within our limits it is found

only in the eastern Transvaal, Zululand, Natal, and the eastern

portion of the Colony as far as Grahamstown.

Famiry HYSTRICIDAE.

Gen. HYSTRIX.

Hystriz, Linnazus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1., p. 79 (1766).

Porcupines with short tails, smooth soles, and furrowed uppe1

lips; the skull is ovate and greatly inflated with air sinus, the nasal

cavity being specially large; the clavicles are imperfect.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 235

Dentition.—i. 1/1; ¢. 0/0; p.m. 1/1; m. 3/3=20; molars semi-

rooted, those of the upper jaw with one internal and three or four

external enamel folds, this arrangement being reversed in the lower

jaw ; the folds soon become with wear simple loops of enamel inside

the margin of the tooth.

Only one member of this genus occurs within our limits, the

other species are spread over Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern

Africa.

HYSTRIX AFRICAE-AUSTRALIS, THE SOUTH AFRICAN PORCUPINE.

Hystriz cristata, apud Smuts, Enum. Mam, Cap., p. 50 (1832) ;

A. Smiru, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., 11., p. 171 (1834); Layarp, Cat.

Mam. 8. Afr. Mus., p. 55 (1862) (nec Linnaeus).

Hystrix africae-australis, Prvrers, Reise Mozamb. Siaugeth.,

p. 170, pl. xxxi., figs. 6, 7 [skull] (1852).

Hystrix capensis, Grin, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, i.,

p. 19 (1858).

Description.—General colour dark brown, almost black, the fore

part of the body and limbs covered with long coarse bristles, which

are not stiff and sharp; along the nape of the neck and the middle

of the front part of the back the bristles are very long, up to 16

inches, and stand up at the will of the animal and form a crest ;

towards the hinder part of the back and the haunches the bristles

become stronger, stouter, and sharp-pointed, forming the true

quills, these are banded brown and white, the brown bands being

the broader and the tips white; all the quills are longitudinally

striated.

Head much rounded, the rhinarium somewhat hairy and connected

with the upper lip by a bare line, eyes small and black, ears short,

broad, and rounded, thick with a few fine hairs; sometimes a white

transverse mark on the chest ; feet covered with bristles nearly con-

cealing the toes and claws, which are four in number on the fore feet

(the pollex being rudimentary) and five on the hind; tail short,

entirely surrounded and concealed by the spines, the point with a

tuft of hollow membranous cylinders, which in the young are pointed

and spiny, but broken off in the older animals.

The differences between this species and that of Southern Europe

and Northern Africa (H. cristata) are chiefly cranial, and were first

noticed by Peters.

In the South African species the nasal bones reach backwards as

far as the anterior border of the orbit, while in H. cristata they

236 Annals of the South African Museum.

extend much further, as far as the posterior root of the zygoma. In

consequence of this the frontal bones in H. africae-australis are

much longer, being more than half the length of the nasals and

twice as long as their distance from the occipital crest ; in H. cristata,

on the other hand, they are less than half the length of the nasals

and just about as long as their distance from the occipital crests.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 26-0; tail

about 5:0; hind foot 4°50; from ear-opening to nose-tip 6°50; skull

length 6:0, breadth 3:40 ; upper molars 1:5.

Distribution.—This porcupine is found all over South Africa,

extending northwards as far as French Congo on the west and

German East Africa on the east; within our limits it appears to be

very widely spread, being recorded from nearly all the districts of

the Colony, from German South-West Africa, Rhodesia, the Trans-

vaal, Orange Free State, and Natal. It is not uncommon on the

slopes of Table Mountain.

Fammy LEPORIDAE.

Gen. LEPUS.

Lepus, Linnanus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 77 (1766).

Rodents with long ears and hind legs and short, bushy, recurved

tails; limbs with five toes to the fore and four to the hind feet, soles

very thickly haired.

Skull with the bony palate reduced to a mere bridge between the

molars, with no true alisphenoid canal, and with a very peculiarly

shaped postorbital process; this where it springs from the frontals

is quite narrow but afterwards expands to form a flattened bar

margining the upper rim of the orbit.

Dentition.—i. 2/1 (at birth 3/1); ¢. 0/0; p.m. 3/2; m. 3/3 = 28;

the outer upper incisors are soon lost, the next pair are very small

and placed directly behind the large middle pair which are longi-

tudinally grooved; grinding teeth rootless with transverse enamel

folds dividing them into lobes.

The genus contains the hares and rabbits, of which there are a

large number of species distributed all over the world, with the

exception of the Australian region and Madagascar.

LEPUS CAPENSIS, THE CAPE HARE.

Lepus capensis, Linnazus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 76 (1766) ;

Smuts, Enum. Mam. Cap., p. 51 (1832); A. Sirs, 8. Afr. Quart.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 237

Journ., ii., p. 172 (1834) ; WarEernouse, Nat. Hist. Mam., ii, p. 95

(1848); Grint, k. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, ii., p. 19 (1858) ;

Layarp, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 56 (1862); Noax, Zool. Jahrb.

iv., p. 159 (1889) [ Kalahari].

Lepus arenarius, Is. Grorrroy, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat., ix.,

p. 383 (1825) [Port Natal].

Lepus ochropus, WAGNER, Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., iv., p. 96

(1844).

Description.—General colour speckled black and yellowish brown,

the hairs somewhat coarser than that of the other species, woolly

and pale slate colour at the base, the tips yellowish brown with a

sub-terminal band of black; sides paler somewhat rufous, below

white tinged with rufous; chin pale yellowish, chest pale brownish,

outside of the limbs with a rufous tinge, round the eye a pale almost

white ring ; ears moderate, about 44 in. in length from the point of

coalescence of the margins to the tip, almost naked anteriorly,

posteriorly with the inner half thickly clothed with short almost

black hairs, the tips and upper margins quite black; nape and

occiput grey not rufous; feet clothed with comparatively short hairs

so that the claws are hardly hidden ; tail rather long, jet-black above

pure white below.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 23:0;

tail 4:0; hind foot 4°50; from ear to tip of nose 4:5; skull length

3°42, breadth 1:55; upper molars 54.

Distribution.—The Cape Hare is found almost everywhere through-

out the Colony, and extends northwards through Angola to French

Congo on the West Coast, and through Natal, Mozambique, and

German East Africa to Kilimanjaro on the East Coast; it has been

noticed by Kirby in the Eastern Transvaal, but hitherto its occur-

rence in Rhodesia and Nyassaland has not been authenticated. It

is common in the immediate neighbourhood of Cape Town, whence

come the examples in the South African Museum.

LEPUS SAXATILIS, THE Rock Hare.

Lepus saxatilis, F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., xxvi., p. 309 (1823) ;

A. Surra, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., ii., p. 173 (1834); Smuts, Enum.

Mam. Cap., p. 52 (1832); WatrerHouss, Nat. Hist. Mam., i, p. 92,

pl. i., fig. 1 (1848); Layarp, Cat. Mam. S. Afr. Mus., p. 56 (1862).

Lepus rufinucha, A. Smiru, Zool. Journ., iv., p. 440 (1829).

Lepus fumigatus, WAGNER, Schreb. Siugeth. Suppl., iv., p. 98

(1844).

238 Annals of the South African Museum.

Description.—Considerably larger than the other two species ;

general colour speckled black and yellowish brown, but with no

trace of the rufous; below, including the chin, white with a pale

yellowish tinge, chest like the back, no black mark on the cheek, a

white spot often present on the forehead; ears very long from the

confluence of the margins about 51 in., from the extreme base about

64 in., nearly naked anteriorly ; the inner half of the posterior sur-

face thickly covered with short hair and along the margin of the tip

a fringe of black ; a rufous patch on the nape and occiput as in L.

crassicaudatus ; limbs much longer than those of the other species ;

claws concealed by the long hairs ; tail long like that of L. capensis,

white with a black streak above.

Dimensions (from a stuffed specimen).—Head and body 26:0; tail

about 4:0 ; hind foot 5°75; from ear to tip of nose 6:0; skull length

4:15, breadth 1°82; upper molars ‘66.

Distribution—This Hare appears to be confined to the higher hills

throughout South Africa as far north as Ovampoland and Rhodesia ;

it does not seem to be recorded from the countries beyond our limits,

though it is noted by Peters from the neighbourhood of Tette on the

Zambesi.

LEPUS CRASSICAUDATUS, THE RED HARE.

Lepus crassicaudatus, Is. Gborrroy, Mag. Zool., pl. xix. (1832) ;

WATERHOUSE, Nat. Hist. Mam., ii., p. 99 (1848) ; Layarp, Cat. Mam.

S. Afr., p. 57 (1862).

Lepus rupestris, A. Surru, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ., i1., p. 174 (1834).

Lepus melanurus, RunppeLy, Mus. Senckenbergianum, ii., p. 137

(1842).

Description—General colour speckled black and yellowish brown

much as in L. capensis, but perhaps a little lighter, becoming rufous-

white below ; fur softer than in L. capensis ; chin white, separated

on either side from the grey of the cheeks by a black line running

back from the angle of the mouth to below the ear; a whitish ring

round the eye; ears moderate rounded at the extremities, about

44 in. in length, nearly naked anteriorly, posteriorly a band along

the inner margin covered with very short speckly black and yellow

hairs ; a pure rufous patch on the occiput and nape of the neck, the

rufous extending up the base of the ears; legs and feet short and

rufous-brown ; tail thick and bushy, pale brown above and below,

with no white or black as in the other species.

Descriptive List of the Rodents of South Africa. 239

Dimensions.—Head and body 20:0; tail 3°50; hind foot 5:0; from

ear-opening to tip of nose 4°5.

Distribution.—This Hare is also found only in the hills at consider-

able elevations ; it appears to be fairly well distributed all over the

Colony, Natal, the Orange Free State and Southern* Transvaal ; it

has recently been obtained on the Nyika plateau at an elevation of

7,000 ft. in Nyassaland. An example in the South African Museum

is from Beaufort West.

ADDENDA.

While the above was passing through the press the South African

Museum received from Mr. W. Francis, of Inhambane, in Portuguese

South-East Africa, examples of the large Gambian Pouched Rat

(Cricetomys gambianus), which must accordingly be added to the

above list. Peters also notes its occurrence near Inhambane.

Its position should be just after Mus on page 214.

On page 203 the dimensions of Malacothrix pentonyxr were acci-

dentally omitted; they are as follows, taken from a dismounted

skin, the type of the species: head and body 2°75; tail 2°10; hind

foot 65; ear to nose-tip 1:1; skull length 91, breadth -5, upper

cheek teeth -19.

( 240 )

VIL.—Fifth Contribution to the South African Coleopterous

Fauna.—By L. Prrineury, Assistant Director.*

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA, CHIEFLY IN THE

COLLECTION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. (Plates VI., VII.)

Famiry SCYDMAENID.

ONEILA, nov. gen.

Scydmeeno valde affinis, preecipue differt articulis 7° et 8° in mare

presertim valde ampliatis, nonnunquam deformibus; caput quad-

ratum, in collum distinctum productum; palporum maxillarum

articulus penultimus longus, fusiformis, apice truncatus, ultimus

distincte subulatus; prothorax sub-elongatus, postice attenuatus ;

elytra ovalia; pedes longi, graciles, femoribus valde clavatis.

ONEILA HETEROCERA,

Plate VI, fig. 159, 169.

Caput piceum, nitidum, longe pilosum; antenne articulis sex

primis rufescentibus, reliquis dilutioribus, duobus basilibus in mare

sat validis, equalibus, 3-6 monilibus, confertis, pracedentibus

nonnihil angustioribus et dimidio brevioribus, 7° quadrato, introrsum

producto, profunde excayato, 8° maximo, precedenti duplo longiore

et latiore, parte interna profunde lateque excavata, marginibus cavew

in processu auriculato productis, 9-10 tranverse quadratis, hoc illo

nonnihil longiore, ultimo penultimis duobus vix longiore, basi trun-

cato, elongato-ovato, apice acuminato; prothorax latitudine fere

duplo longior, convexus, ad basim lateraliter attenuatus, supra

convexus, intra basim bi-foveolatus, piceus, nitidus, setis rigidis

* The first four Contributions are published in the Transactions of the South

African Philosophical Society, 1885-1892.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 241

nigrescentibus dense vestitus; elytra ovalia, rufo-castanea, pilis

longis griseis decumbentibus vestita; pedes sub-testacei, dense

pubescentes, tarsi flavi. Long. 1:70 mm.; lat. 0-7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

ONEILA ENONENSIS,

Plate VI, fig. 17.

Precedenti simillima, structura articulorum antennarum przecipuc

differt ; caput nigrum, nitidum, longe pilosum; antenne in mare

articulis basalibus duobus sub-validis, equalibus, 3-6 monilibus,

confertis, praecedentibus dimidio brevioribus, 7° conu simili, abrupte

truncato, basi apice quarto angustiore, introrsum leviter producto,

haud excavato, 8° maximo, precedenti duplo longior, isto basi

equali, sed apice duplo latior, introrsum a medio apice valde

producto atque interne anguste sed profunde excavato, marginibus

excavationis simplicibus, 9-10 transverse quadratis, hoe nonnihil

angustiore, ultimo penultimis duobus vix breviore, basi truncato,

elongato-ovato, apice acuminato; feminz articulis 1-6 ut in mare,

7° sub-conico, praecedenti basi zquali, apice fere quarto latior, 8°

sexto duplo latiore, inferne angulato, 9-10 tranversis, preecedentibus

nonnihil angustioribus, ultimo basi truncato, elongato-ovato, apice

acuminato, penultimis duobus vix breviore ; prothorax, elytra, pedes,

corpus subtus ut in O. heterocera. Long. 1°67 mm.; lat. 0°72 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

Famity CLERIDZ.

Gren. PHILOCALUS, Klug.

PHILOCALUS RHODESIANUS.

Niger, fusco-villosus, prothoracis basi, elytrorum parte antica

pectoreque sanguineis; caput sat magnum, parce fusco-villosum,

rugosum, antice bi-impressum, labro brunneo, palpis piceis ; antenne

pubescentes, articulis ultimis brunneo-infusecatis ; prothorax apice

basique truncatus, cylindricus, intra basim late profundeque con-

strictus, scrobiculatus, longe flavescente-villosus plagisque rotundatis

duabus parvis flavo-pubescentibus in medio notatus, niger, sub-

nitidus, parte constricta rubra; elytra parallela, cylindrica, humeris

nonnihil rotundatis elevatisque, postice conjunctim rotundata, a basi

ad medium seriatim foveolata, deinde ad apicem late punctata, apice

ipso vix punctulato, a basi medio sanguinea, nitida, postice nigra,

fascia flava transversa pone medium posita ornata; subtus parce

242 Annals of the South African Museum.

fusco-villosus, sanguineus, abdomine nigro; pedes nigri, punctulati

; [o) tor se ’

griseo-villosi. Long. 14 mm.; lat. 4 mm.

Hab. Y“ambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

PHILOCALUS EMERITUS.

Caput nigrum, longe fusco-villosum, confertim rugoso-punctatum,

fere scrobiculatum; antenne nigre, pubescentes; prothorax antice

capite non angustior, ad quartam partem contractus, tum rotundatus

atque intra basim conspicue coarctatus, supra convexus, parte antica

longitudinaliter strigosa, disco distincte scrobiculato, longe villosus,

obscure sanguineus, margine apicali late fusco-nigra; elytra fere

cylindrica, pone medium perparum ampliata, apice rotundata, a basi

ultra medium sat confertim foveolata, postice foveis elongatis apice

evanescentibus, a basi ad quartam partem obscure sanguinea, deinde

nigra, macula parva laterali intra basim et medium posita, fascia

transversali sutures approximata, post medium sita, flavis, fasciaque

apicali e pilis albidis formata ornata ; corpus subtus griseo-villosum,

pectore obscure rufo; abdomine brunneo-fusco ; pedes nigri, griseo-

villosi. Long. 12 mm.; lat. 3? mm.

Probably allied to P. formosus, Boh.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg). T. Ayres.

The sculpture of the prothorax is quite similar to that of some

hymenopterous insects of the genus Muwitzlla.

Famity PTINID.

Gen. PTINUS, Linn.

PTINUS LEPIDUS.

Fusco-brunneus, antennis pedibusque brunneo-ferrugineis ; caput

dense hirsutum; antennze corpore dimidio longioribus, articulo

tertio primo vix breviore, ceteris, etiam articulo ultimo, longitudine

adzequantibus, sat graciles, articulo ultimo haud incrassato, apice vix

acuminato, breviter setulose, articulis tribus basalibus sparse albido-

squamosis; prothorax sub-cylindricus, intra basim coarctatus, sat

fortiter punctatus, pilis longis nigris, erectis, fasciculatis, in cristis

duabus utrinque dispositis squamisque nonnullis albidis intra basim

sparsis, dense obtectus; scutellum albo-squamosum ; elytra basi

angulis rectis, parallela, apice conjunctim rotundata, convexa, pro-

thorace duplo latiora et quadruplo longiora, profunde punctato-

striata, interstitiis angustis, alternis longe denseque nigro-pilosis,

basi rufo-brunnea, late zonata, deinde apice obscure brunnea, fasciis

tranyersis duabus e squamis albidis formata, prima basali, lata, altera

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 243

angusta, longe pone medium posita plagaque breve apicali, communi,

ornata. Long. 3 mm. ; lat. 14 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

Belongs to the same group as P. pulchellus, &e.

PTINUS HILARIS.

Brunneo-ferrugineus, antennis pedibusque dilutioribus, pube

flavescente vestitus; caput longe pilosum; antenne corpore non-

nihil breviores, articulo primo valido, tertio secundo perparum

longiore, ceteris elongatis, equalibus, ultimo pracedenti nonnihil

longiore, sub-fusiformi; prothorax antice fere cylindricus, a medio

basi valde coarctatus, in medio disci atque ad latera tenuissime canali-

culatus, pilis deeumbentibus flavescentibus sparse obtectus cristisque

medianis rotundatis quatuor parum elevatis, e pilis densioribus

formatis, munitus; scutellum infuscatum; elytra ovalia, profunde

punctata, interstitiis angustis, sub-acutis, breviter setulosis; setis

seriatis, confertis; pedes dense pubescentes. Long. 3 mm.; lat.

15 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch).

The general appearance, owing to the ovate elytra, approximates,

among the South African species, that of P. affinis, Pér., but the

shape of the five basal joints of the antenne and also the disposition

of the fasciculated hairs on the elytra are very different.

Gren. MEZIUM, Curt.

MEZIUM NOTIALE.

Brunneo-rufum; caput dense flavo pubescens; antenne pu-

bescentes, fere medium corporis attingentes, articulis, ultimis duobus

exceptis, equalibus, squamoso pubescentibus, apice breviter setulosis ;

prothorax pube flava lanuginosa dense obsitus, distincte longitudi-

naliter tri-canaliculatus, interstitiis rotundatis, setulosis, elevatis,

postice in tuberculum sat validum, rotundatum, a parte anteriori

haud disjunctum productis; elytra globosa, acute costata, costis

sparse fulvo squamosis, basi conspicue squamoso fasciculatis, setis

erectis nonnullis seriatis, obsitis; pedes tarsique pube squamosa

dense obtecti ; pectore abdomineque setis squamosis, decumbentibus,

contertis, obtectis. Long 2 mm.; lat. 14 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (exact locality unknown).

449 Annals of the South African Museum.

MEZIUM NATALENSE,

Plate VII., fig. 14, 14a.

Brunneo-rufum, nitidum ; caput dense flavo-pubescens ; antenne

pubescentes, graciles, ultra medium corporis attingentes, articulis

fere equalibus, apice vix setulosis; prothorax indumento flavescente,

parce setuloso, dense obtectus, utrinque distincte canaliculatus,

margine laterali acuta, ad medium aculeata, dein basi attenuata,

recta, disco callo valde elevato postice sulco lato a basi ultra

medium diviso, margine antica sulco angustiori circulatim divisa ;

elytra globosa, sat acute costata, costis basi fasciculatis, setis erectis

confertis seriatim obsitis, interstitiis distincte punctatis ; pedes tarsique

pube squamosa dense obtecti, illis apice setulosis; subtus pectore ab-

domineque setis squamosis decumbentibus confertis, obtectis. Long.

2-24 mm.; lat. 14-13 mm.

Hab. Natal (Estcourt). A. E. Haviland.

DAMARUS, gen. nov.

Mezio veresimilis ab illo differt antennis validioribus, 10-articulatis,

articulis setis rigidis, crassis coronatis, articulo basali valido, oblique

truncato, extrorsum deflexo, apice valde oblique truncato, secundo

primo multo breviore, in latera ejusdem externe sito, 3°-Y° obconicis,

ultimo duobus precedentibus simul sumptis longitudine nonnihil

breviore, haud latiore, apice acute acuminato, haud setoso atque

mesosterno latiore, rotundato.

The last joint of the antenne shows in the female a very faint

trace of suture at about the median part, where the tenth and

eleventh joints have become fused.

DAMARUS SINGULARIS,

Plate VIL., fig. 18.

Totus niger, glaber, capite, prothorace, pectore abdominisque

segmentis basalibus tribus indumento cretaceo, nitido obtecto ; caput

supra leve, vertice profunde sparsim punctato, punctis profundis

setam rigidam, validam ferentibus; prothorax transversus, inermis,

lateraliter angulatus, in dorso distincte bi-callosus, ad latera medioque

postice leviter sulcatus; scutellum glabrum ; elytra globosa, nitida,

sutura costisque acute carinatis tribus, duabus discoidalibus basi

hamatis, utrinque predita, interstitiis latis; pedes tarsique crassi,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 945

glabri, his setis rigidis munitis, tibiis anticis interne valide rigide

setosis ; sterno abdominisque segmentibus basalibus tribus profunde

et sparse punctatis, punctis profundis setam rigidam validam feren-

tibus. Long. 24-3 mm.; lat. 13-14 mm.

Mas a femina differt antennarum articulo basali fere duplo

crassiore.

Hab. Damaraland (? Walfish Bay).

Gen. DIPLOCOTIDUS.

Palpi fere ut in Ptino; caput antice verticale, vertice valde

elevato ; oculi prominentes ; antenne longitudine corporis, articulo

basali valido, crasso, sub-flexo, apice oblique truncato, secundo

primo duplo breviore, in latero ejusdem sito, 3-5 elongato-conicis,

latitudine apicali fere tertio longioribus, 6-10 sub-turbinatis, in-

trorsum linearibus, extrorsum apice angulatim productis, articulo

ultimo precedenti tertio longior, conico, a tertia parte attenuato,

apice acuminato; prothorax bi-partitus; scutellum obliteratum ;

elytra ovata; coxe validissime producte, globose, anterioribus sat

approximatis, intermediis distantibus, posticis transversim late

disseptis ; abdominis segmentum basale angustissimum, vix per-

spicuum ; pedes elongati, sat crassi, unguibus brevibus.

The general facies is not unlike some species of Ptinws, but it is

easily differentiated by the highly raised frontal part of the head

supporting the antennal tubercles, the very great development of

the cox, and the reduction of the basal segment of the abdomen.

It resembles very much Diplocotes, an Australian genus, and might

prove to be identical in spite of the difference in the shape of the

last joint of antenne and of the prothorax, but the coxe are much

more broadly separated longitudinally, the posterior ones being

almost contiguous to the fold of the elytra.

DIPLOCOTIDUS FORMICOLA,

Plate VIT., fig. 13, 13a.

Niger, nitidus, pedibus antennisque nigro-rufescentibus, his apice

dilutioribus ; caput crebre punctato-foveatum, processu transverso,

carinato, in fronte munitum, apice dente valido breve inter antennas

armatum ; antenne articulis quinque basalibus valde rugosis, nitidis,

minus setulosis, reliquis setis albido-cinereis dense vestitis ; pro-

thorax bi-partitus, parte antica valde elevata, alte quadri-tuberculata,

246 Annals of the South African Museum.

tuberculis suleo profundo, in medio latiore, divisis; parte postica

antica angustiore, ab ea excavatione transversa divisa, a medio basi

profunde canaliculata, lateribus cavez antice tuberculo, acuto in-

structis, crebre punctato-foveatus, squamis albidis nonnullis, in

parte antica rarioribus, obsitus; elytra ovalia, pone basim nonnihil

gibbosa, apice conjunctim rotundata, seriatim profunde punctata,

punctis brevissime albo-setiferis ; subtus grosse profundeque puncta-

tus, abdominis, lateribus densius flavescente pilosis. Long. 2-24 mm. ;

lat. 14 mm.

Found in the nest of the ant Acantholepis capensis, Mayr.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prince Albert), W. F. Purcell.

Famiry TENEBRIONID.

Tring ADESMIINI.

Gren. ADESMIA, Fisch.

ADESMIA SIMPLEX,

Plate VI., fig. 1.

Ovata, nigra, opaca; caput depressum, leve ; prothorax basi

longitudine duplo latior, apice angustior, lateribus fere rectis, supra

parum convexus vageque punctulatus; elytra basi latitudine pro-

thoracis equalia, lateribus ovato ampliatis apiceque acuminatis,

prothorace haud triplo longiora, supra convexa, apice declivia, tuber-

culis conicis, depressis granulisque crebre obsita; pedes modice

elongati, rugosuli. Long. 15 mm.; lat. 9 mm.

The facies of this species is unlike that of the South African

species of the genus Adesmia, and its nearest ally is A. aculeata.

It is more regularly ovate, and covered with tubercles depressed but

sharp, directed backwards and very closely set; in the basal part

these tubercles are somewhat obliterated, and for about two-thirds

of the length there are minute granules between them.

Hab. Cape Colony (Garies, Little Namaqualand). Captured by

Mr. M. Schlechter.

ADESMIA (ONYMACHRIS) GARIESA.

HKlongato-ovata, nigra, opaca; caput in medio depressum, supra

oculos acute carinatum, fere leve ; prothorax basi longitudine haud

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 247

sensim latior apiceque vix angustior, lateribus leviter rotundatis, pone

oculos acute lobatis, margine apicali albido-ciliate, supra in medio

leviter convexus, lateribus sub-declivis, vage punctulatus ; elytra basi

thorace haud latiora, lateribus rotundato ampliatis et versus apicem

acuminatis, medio thorace duplo latiora et fere quinto longiora, supra

convexa, apice declivia, carinis dorsalibus tribus margineque laterali

serratis in singulo instructis, interstitiis verrucis acutis spaisis una

serie dispositis insculptis, sutura epipleureeque carinate ; pedes

tenues, longissimi, femoribus subtus canaliculatis serratisque. Long.

18 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Allied to A. boschimana, and intermediate in shape between this

species and A. paiva, Haag-Rut. It differs from A. boschimanwa in the

elytra being a little more ampliated and not quite as elongated, the

dorsal carine are narrower and serrulate instead of being smooth,

and the intervals have a median row of sharp, not closely set

granules, instead of being very rugose and transversely plicate.

_ Hab. Cape Colony (Little Namaqualand). Captured by Mr. G.

Alston.

ADESMIA SCUTULATA,

Plate VI., fig. 2.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta; caput rugose scrobiculatum,

pube flavescente vestitum ; prothorax longitudine latitudine equalis,

lateribus ab apice usque ad tertiam partem modice ampliatis, deinde

fere rectis, margine antica fimbriata, supra oculos profunde incisa,

disco rude scrobiculatus, modice convexus, lateribus dehiscentibus ;

elytra antice prothoracis basi haud latiora, lateribus ab humeros

recte ampliatis, a medio ad apicem aculeatis, medio prothoracis basi

duplo latiora, supra plana, postice declivia, costa dorsali tuberculata

preter marginem lateralem acute carinata sub-undulataque in sin-

gulo instructa, interstitiis verrucis nitidis adspersis ; epipleura rude

scrobiculata ; pedes modice elongati; antennz breves, crassiuscule.

Long. 12 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

This species is easily distinguished by the lozenge shape of the

elytra, the suture is raised and sparsely verrucose, the intervals

have a few irregular rounded, smooth tubercles scattered about, the

dorsal ridge is placed nearer to the outer margin than to the suture

and the outer margin itself is sharp but somewhat wavy.

Hab. Zambesia (Victoria Falls, Salisbury, Enkeldoorn, Bulu-

wayo). (Dr. Bradshaw; G. A. K. Marshall; J. ffolliot Darling ;

Dr. Kolbe.)

248 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. STENOCARA, Sol.

STENOCARA NAMAQUA,

Nigra, capite prothoraceque opacis, elytris nitidis, antennis, palpis

pedibusque rufescentibus ; caput vix punctatum ; prothorax longi-

tudine duplo latior, apice basi fere dimidio angustior, lateribus rectis

margine apicali angulata, supra parum convexus, fere levis, medio

vage arcuatim impressus; elytra valde rotundata, medio thoracis

basi duplo latiora, apice abrupte declivia et acuminata, profunde

scrobiculato-rugosa, sutura sub-levi, elevata costisque sub-tubercu-

losis duabus utrinque predita, margine laterali e tuberculis rugatis,

bi-seriatis formata, epipleura lata, profunde scrobiculata ; antennze

graciles ; pedes elongati, gracilimi. Long. 12 mm. ; lat 7 mm.

This species as well as the following one are sufficiently dis-

tinguishable from the other South African species owing to the

rotund shape of the elytra from a short distance from the base, and

the abrupt posterior declivity ; the legs are also very slender, but

not, however, quite as filiform as in P. gracilipes, Sol. The two

dorsal, tuberculated, nearly serrate, dorsal ridges in the elytra are

very well defined, and the intervals are filled with a double series of

irregular, scrobiculate, broad punctures the median wall of which is

somewhat granulose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). L. Péringuey.

STENOCARA PLACITA.

Nigra, nitida, indumento albido nonnunquam vestita, antennis

pedibusque sub-rufo piceis; caput crebre punctulatum, antice inter

antennas profunde impressum; prothorax longitudine magis quam

duplo latior, lateribus modice rotundatis, margine apicis angulata,

basi sub-sinuatus, supra in medio convexus, ad latera deplanatus,

profunde punctatus, intra basim transverse impressus ; elytra

rotundata, convexa, apice valde declivia, et acuminata, in medio

thoracis latitudine maxima fere duplo latiora, tuberculis conicis

seriatis confertim instructis obsita, epipleura lata, verrucosula ;

pedes graciles, elongati. Long. 11 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

In shape this species approximates S. namaqua, but the head and

prothorax are punctured instead of being smooth, the sides of the

prothorax are a little amplated in the middle, and the outer

margins depressed, whereas they are straight in S. namaqua, and

the elytra instead of having two tuberculose ridges on each side are

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 249

covered with very closely set sharp tubercles arranged in numerous

series.

Hab. Cape Colony (Carnarvon). HE. G. Alston.

Tre THNTYRINI.

Gen. EULEANTUS, Haag-Rut.

EULEANTUS HQUALIPENNIS,

Plate VI., fig. 3.

Niger, opacus, fere glaber, palpis, antennis pedibusque sub-

rufescentibus ; caput confertim longe plicatum, ante oculos utrinque

alte carinatum, antice profunde bi-impressum ; prothorax antice

modice sub-arcuatus, angulis acutis, lateribus sub-rotundatis, ad

basim sinuatis, basi truncata, apice quarto latiore, angulis acutis,

supra convexus, plicis longitudinalibus elevatis crebre obsitus ; elytra

basi carinata, humeris nullis, prothoracis basi paulum latiora, a basi

longe post medium breviter ampliata, apice modice attenuata, post

medium prothoracis latitudine maxima dimidio latiora, supra

deplanata, postice abrupte declivia, sutura sub-elevata, impres-

sioneque juxta suturali, brevi, notata, margine laterali nulla, punctis

confluentibus ad laterum elongatis crebre obsita ; pedes modice

elongati, breviter pubescentes. Long. 7 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

Hab. Damaraland (Walfish Bay). C. Wilmer.

Closely allied to EL. (7) hwmeralis, Haag, but the elytra have not the

deep, conspicuous broad sutural depression, and are a little more

ampliated laterally past the median part.

Tre CRYPTOCHILINI.

Gren. CRYPTOCHILHE, Latr.

CRYPTOCHILE ECHINATA.

Nigra, indumento griseo, supra terreno, dense vestita; caput

rugosulum, longitudinaliter plicatum ; prothorax longitudine dimidio

latior, margine antica in medio recurva, leviter emarginata, lateribus

apice poneque medium spina valida armatis, disco plicis interruptis.

crebre obsito; elytra prothorace basi parum latiora, pone humeros

modice ampliata, ad medium prothorace minus duplo latiora, lateribus

250 Annals of the South African Museum.

rectis, tomento griseo-umbrino maculisque tribus, basali elongata,

brunneo-velutinis, seriatis, prope suturam positis ornatis, supra

convexa, postice declivia, tuberculis validis conicis tri-seriatis

costas distinctas formantibus in singulo preedita, costa juxta

suturali quadri-tuberculata, coeteris e tuberculis numerosis confertis

formatis, interstitiis granulis acutis obsitis, sutura utrinque serru-

lata ; epipleura pedesque crebre granulata. Long. 12-14 mm ; lat.

4-9 mm.

As massive as C. spinosa, Pér., but a little less parallel; the

spines on the elytra are not so long, and those on the juxta-sutural

costa are less numerous.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). M. Schlechter.

CRYPTOCHILE SERRATA.

Precedenti affinis; differt prothorace antice magis attenuato,

lateribus basi apiceque in spinam validam _ productis, elytris

brevioribus atque at latera latioribus, costa juxta suturali tri-tubereu-

lata tuberculisque validioribus. Long. 10-12 mm. ; lat. 74-94 mm.

The general facies of this species differs from that of the preceding

species owing to the elytra being a little shorter and a little more

ampliate laterally ; the indumentum is more greyish on the upper

part, the three velvety brown patches at the base and in the median

and post-median part of the second interval are similar, but the

juxta-sutural costa has only three distant tubercles instead of four ; *

the anterior part of the prothorax is also more attenuated and the

second lateral spine forms the outer basal angle instead of being

situated a little behind the median part.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). M. Schlechter.

Gren. PACHYNOTELUS, Haag-Rut.

PACHYNOTELUS HAAGI,

Plate VI., fig. 4.

Niger, opacus, indumento albido, supra flavo, dense tectus; caput

rugosum, breviter setulosum ; prothorax antice posticeque truncatus,

latitudine maxima haud dimidio brevior, lateribus fere rectis, supra

convexus, granulis minutis dense obsitus vittisque latis pubescen-

tibus tribus ornatis; elytra basi latitudine thoracis baseos ubique

* This number does not include one or two smaller tubercles in the posterior

declivity, which are present in both species.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 251

applicata, ab humeros longe post medium ampliata, deinde

sensim acuminata, post medium prothorace dimidio latiora,

supra plana, postice abrupte declivia, dense albido-flavescente,

squamosa, margine laterum, vitta juxta suturali vittisque duabus

pone medium coherentibus et deinde in vittam singulam continu-

atis denudatis granulosisque in singulo ornata; pedes squamosi,

tibiis tarsisque anticis exceptis longe pilosis. Long. 8 mm. ; lat.

41 mm.

Shape and size of P. albonotatus, but whereas in P. haagi there

are three denuded granulose lines, besides the outer margin on each

side of the elytra, there are four besides the suture and the margin

in the first-named species, and these lines are also setulose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). G, Alston.

Trpe ADELOSTOMINI.

ARGASIDUS, gen nov.

Geophano vel Acesto verisimilis, structura antennarum habituque

precipue differt ; antenne rigid mediocres, articulo 10° sat valido,

sub-cylindrico, 2°, 1° dimidio breviore, quadrato, 3° praecedenti

nonnihil angustiore dimidioque breviore, 4°-9° monilibus, equalibus,

longitudine duplo latioribus, ultimo precedenti duplo longiore, vix

latiore, apice oblique truncato, excayato, articulis omnis, ultimo

excepto, setis crassis squamosis coronatis, articulis basalibus tribus

etiam squamosis obsitis; prothorax elytris contiguus ; his parallelis,

versus apicem conjunctim rotundatis atque nonnihil attenuatis ;

pedes mediocres.

ARGASIDUS SQUAMOSUS,

Plate VI., fig. 7.

Niger, opacus ; caput depressum, dense squamosum, lineis duabus

lateralibus a basi ad medium ductis denudatis ; prothorax longitudine

fere duplo latior, ab apice ante medium sub-diagonaliter productus,

deinde versus basim fere rectus, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi

rectus, depressus, marginibus incrassatis, late reflexis, disco plano,

superficie tota squamis latis, sub-ochraceis vestita; scutellum

nudum ; elytra prothoracis latitudine zqualia, fere triplo longiora,

parallela, postice conjunctim rotundata, plana, marginibus laterum

ut in prothorace incrassatis reflexisque, squamis densis obtectis

252 Annals of the South African Museum.

lateribus confertim punctato seriatis, dorso depresso, profunde

punctato, punctis squamis repletis; subtus squamosus; pedes

mediocres, parce squamosi. Long. 7 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

This singular insect is very much like an Avgas in general

appearance.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prieska). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

Tre HPITRAGINI.

Gen. DEROSTROPHUS, Fairm.

DEROSTROPHUS FORCIPATUS,

Plate VI., fig. 5, 5a.

Piceus, palpis, antennis pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; caput confertim,

epistoma crebrius punctatum ; g mandibulis processu basali porrecto,

capite longitudine squali, externe convexiusculo, interne excavato,

apice incurvo, forcipato, margine exteriore ante medium distincte

incisa, singulo munito; antenne humeros attingentes; prothorax

fere globosus, basi apice nennihil angustior, angulis rectis, posticis

sub-prominulis, crebre punctulatus ; elytra antice prothorace haud

latiora, fere parallela, postice acuminata, convexa, tenuiter, anguste

striato-punctata, punctis confertis, sat profundis, interstitiis impunc-

tatis ; subtus castaneus, crebre punctatus ; pedes punctulati. Long.

11 mm.; lat. 34 mm.

Allied to D. xanthopus, Fairm., but of larger size; the prothorax

is more rounded laterally ; the elytra are less convex, and the shape

of the erect process at the base of each mandible is different. being of

the same length as the head, nearly vertical but slightly bent back-

wards, and strongly incurved, forceps-like; it is slightly convex

outwardly, scooped inwardly, and with the hind margin strongly

emarginate near the incurved part.

Hab. Cape Colony (Kimberley).

DEROSTROPHUS HOTTENTOTUS.

Piceo-brunneus, nitidus, antennis pedibusque castaneo-rufis ; caput

crebre rudeque punctatum, g mandibulis basi cornu sub-porrecto,

inflexo, forcipato, a medio apice inferne excavato, utrinque carinatio,

? mandibulis inermis ; antennz ultra medium corporis attingentes ;

prothorax longitudine latitudine quarto latior, ab apice pone medium

South African Coleopterous Fauna, 253

ampliatus, ubi angulatus, deinde ad basim sinuatus, basi apice haud

latior, angulis rectis, posticis evidentioribus, totus marginatus, supra

antice nonnihil convexus, punctis sat profundis, confertis, obsitus ;

elytra oblonga, versus apicem sub-acuminata, basi prothorace

nonnihil latiora et triplo longiora, 2 pone medium perparum

ampliata, striato punctata, striis geminatis, punctis haud profundis,

interstitiis punctis nonnullis prope suturam densioribus adspersis ;

subtus pedesque glabri, crebre punciati. Long. 11-13 mm.;

lat. 4-5 mm.

Easily distinguished by the geminate striz of the elytra; the

process of the mandibles is longer than in D. castaneo-rufus, Fairm.,

and D. wanthopus, Fairm., more forcipate, of nearly equal width

from base to apex, and excavated inwardly from the median part to

the curved tip.

Hab. Cape Colony (O’Kiep, Spectakel, Namaqualand), L. Périn-

guey ; Damaraland (Walfish Bay), C. Nightingale.

DEROSTROPHUS DAMARINUS.

Rufo-brunneus, nitidus ; caput crebre punctatum, g mandibulis

cornu crasso, recurvo, basi lato, apice acuminato, capite tertio

breviore utrinque armatis; antennz medium corporis vix attingentes ;

prothorax fere orbicularis, lateribus ad basim leviter sinuatis, angulis

anticis posticisque prominulis, totus marginatus, crebre punctulatus ;

elytra elongata, oblonga, basi prothorace nonnihil latiora et triplo

longiora, pone medium perparum ampliata, convexa, distincte striato

punctata, interstitiis alternis convexiusculis; subtus punctatus,

nitidus, abdominis segmentibus maris in medio brevissime pubescen-

tibus ; pedes punctulati. Long. 12 mm.; lat. 4 mm.

Closely allied to D. castaneo-rufus, Fairm., but the process of the

mandibles is not incised inwardly at base, nor is it quite so hooked

inwardly at tip; the antenne are much shorter, and the three

penultimate joints are thicker and shorter; the prothorax 1s more

convex.

Hab. Damaraland. T. T. Christie.

DEROSTROPHUS CONSOBRINUS.

Praecedenti valde affinis, sed minor, differt mandibulis in mare

basi angustioribus, prothoracis lateribus pone medium ad basim

magis obliquis elytrorumque interstitiis haud convexiusculis. Long.

84-9 mm.; lat. 3 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hopefield, O’Kiep). L. Péringuey.

254 Annals of the South African Museum.

DEROSTROPHUS MAXILLOSUS.

Rufo-brunneus, nitidus; caput crebre punctatum, inter oculos

conspicue circulatim impressum, mandibulis maris latis, curvatis

interne valde coneavis, apice tri-dentatis, dente media bifida ceteris

longiore; feminx simplicibus; prothorax longitudine haud latior,

regulariter rotundatus, apice fere rectus angulis acutis, basi bi-

sinuatus angulis prominulis, supra convexus, crebre punctulatus ;

elytra prothorace basi nonnihil latiora, triplo longiora, versus apicem

attenuata, basi sub-sinuata, humeris prominulis, supra sat convexa,

anguste punctato-striata; corpus subtus crebre punctulatum, seg-

mentis abdominis g quatuor in medio flavo penicillatis; pedes

breves, graciles, leves. Long. 10-11 mm.; lat. 4 mm.

Hab Cape Colony (Carnarvon). E.G. Alston.

DEROSTROPHUS LATICOLLIS.

Piceus, antennis pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; caput creberrime

rude punctatum ; antennee medium corporis haud attingentes ; pro-

thorax late rotundato ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior, ad basim

perparum sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, anticis fere

rotundatis, basi apice fere quarto latior, supra modice convexus,

dorso in medio anticeque crebre punctulato, punctis laterum elon-

gatis, fere strigillatis ; elytra elongata, sub-oblonga, basi prothorace

nonnihil angustiora, pone medium perparum ampliata ubi protho-

racis latitudine azqualia, supra convexa, distincte punctato striata,

interstitiis impunctatis ; subtus nitidus, glaber, confertim punctatus.

Long. 94 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

The male is unknown to me. This species is easily recognisable

owing to the width of the prothorax, which is much broader than on

the other species known hitherto.

Hab. Cape Colony (Robertson). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

DEROSTROPHUS DISSIDENS.

Piceo brunneus, sub-nitidus, pedibus antennisque dilutioribus, his

fere longitudine dimidii corporis; caput crebre punctatum ; pro-

thorax ab apice prope basim fere orbicularis, ubi brevissime

attenuatus, angulis posticis prominulis, supra modice convexus,

crebre profundeque punctatus; elytra elongata, sub-oblonga basi

prothoracis latitudine maxima xqualia, pone medium vix latiora,

supra convexa, distincte striato-punctata, punctis confluentibus,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 255

interstitiis serie e punctis minoribus crebris formata; subtus sat

fortiter dense punctatus, pectore abdominisque lateribus punctis

distinctioribus. Long. 11 mm. ; lat. 34 mm.

Male unknown.

The distinctive characters of this species are: the orbicular pro-

thorax, the narrower shape of the elytra, which are hardly broader

at the widest part than the prothorax, and the sculpture of the

elytra which are striate with the striz filled with confluent, equal

punctures, whereas in all the other species the punctures form the

striae.

Hab, Damaraland (Goagas). C. Walmer.

DEROSTROPHUS HUMILIS.

Piceus vel rufo-brunneus; caput punctwatum, antennie pone

basim elytrorum vix attingentes ; prothorax apice basi haud angus-

tior, vix latior quam longior, angulis anticis posticisque rectis, his

sub-prominulis, lateribus ab apice prope basim leviter rotundatis,

vix ampliatis, supra perparum conyexus, crebre punctatus ; elytra

elongata, basi prothorace nonnihil, post medium tertio latiora, supra

convexa, in dorso punctato-striata, lateribus striato-punctatis, inter-

stitiis serie e punctis minoribus formata, in disco minus, lateraliter

magis distincta ; corpus subtus pedesque ut in precedenti. 9 Lone.

10-11 mm.; lat. 32 mm.

Resembles the female of D. mandibularis ; but the prothorax is

longer in proportion to the width, and therefore less rounded

laterally ; the sculpture of the intervals differs, the intervals in

D. mandibularis bemg impunctate.

Hab, Damaraland.

XENUS, gen. nov.

Corpus oblongum, nudum, alatum; capite parvum, carina

elevata ante-oculari praditum; labrum pubescens; mandibule

breves inermes; palpi maxillares sub-elongati, articulo ultimo sub-

securiformi; antenne corpore dimidio breviore, articulis ultimis

quatuor sub-hexagonis, ultimo precedenti breviore; prothorax

transversus, lateribus sub-rectis ; pedes graciles, tarsi, longi, unguibus

sub-validis.

g capite tri-cornuto; ? inermi.

Allied.to Derostrophus ; the facies is nearly similar, but the man-

dibles have no sub-vertical process at base in the male; the eyes are

256 Annals of the South African Musewn.

more prominent, although the ante-ocular ridge is nearly similar,

and the four last joints of the antenne are nearly hexagonal instead

of conical, and decrease gradually in length, so that the last one 1s

hardly half the length of the third.

XENUS TRICORNIGER,

Plate VI., fig. 6, 6a.

Nigro piceus, sub-nitidus, tarsis, articulis ultimis antennarum

palporumque castaneo-rufis; caput in medio impressum, crebre

punctulatum, 3g cornibus porrectis, gracilibus tribus capitis longi-

tudine equalibus, armato, antico sub-ensiforme, reliquis ante oculos

positis, ad apicem compressis atque valde incurvis ; ? caput inerme ;

prothorax antice nonnihil rotundatim attenuatus, lateribus haud

ampliatis, prope basim perparum attenuatus, basi simuatus, ubi apice

nonnihil angustior, supra modice convexus, totus marginatus, angulis

rectis, haud prominulis, punctis profundis confertis obsitus ; elytra

oblongo-ovalia, elongata, prothorace basi nonnihil, post medium fere

tertio latiora, triplo longiora, supra convexa, anguste punctato-seriata,

interstitiis punctis minus acervatis seriatis; subtus fortiter punctatus ;

pedes glabri, femoribus densius punctatis. Long. 11-13 mm. ; lat.

44-5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Bushmanland). G. Alston.

Tries ADEKLOSTOMID A.

Gren. MACHLA, Herbst.

MACHLA AGRESTIS.

Nigra, capite prothoraceque crebre punctatis, punctis squamis

repletis, elytris indumento squamoso ochraceo-terreno dense vestitis ;

caput sparse punctatum, vertice leviter impressum, lobis ocularibus

modice productis; prothorax longitudine tertio latior, apice circu-

latim emarginatus, basi vix sinuatus, longe pone medium lateraliter ab

angulo antico rotundato ampliatus, deinde versus basim rotundatus,

haud constrictus, supra modice convexus, marginibus laterum modice

incrassatis, recurvis, setulosis, infra vix canaliculatis, lateribus ipsis

anguste suleatis ; scutellum glabrum; elytra antice prothoracis basi

latitudine «qualia, longe pone humeros perparum ampliata, ubi pro-

thorace fere quarto latiora, supra nonnihil convexa, postice declivia,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 257

costis in singulo tribus postice abbreviatis, discoidalibus duabus

a basi fere ad medium carinatis, deinde verrucis continuatis, costa

marginali tota verrucosa, cum intermedia connexa, predita, inter-

stitiis verrucis nonnullis minoribus, glabris, sub-seriatis, obsitis ;

pectus profunde atque sat crebre punctatum, abdomen nitidum, laxe

punctulatum, glabrum; pedes rugosuli longe piloso-setosi. Long.

15-18 mm.; lat. 7-84 mm.

Belongs to the same group as M. carinata, Herbst, but is very

distinct.

Hab. Cape Colony (Malmesbury). R. M. Lightfoot.

MAcCHLA LITA.

Nigra, nitida, indumento ochraceo dense vestita, capite, prothoracis

lateribus costisque elytrorum setosis, setis nonnunquam longissimis;

caput in medio impressum, lobis anteocularibus prominulis; pro-

thorax apice profunde circulatim emarginatus, basi leviter bi-sinuatus,

lateraliter ad medium late rotundato-ampliatus, deinde ad basim

contractus, angulis posticis sat acutis, haud prominulis, laterum

marginibus valde incrassatis, elevatis, reflexis, infra profunde exea-

vatis, dorso deplanato, rugis duabus longitudinalibus in medio, antice

perparum obliteratis atque nonnunquam ruga transverse in medio

connexis tuberculoque transverso utrinque ad medium _ posito

instructo, parte postica disci late tri-impressa; elytra antice basi

prothoracis haud latiora, in femina post medium magis ampliata,

supra depressa, postice declivia, costis tribus tuberculosis in singulo

preedita, suture proxima reliquis breviore, postice callo transverso ad

suturam ducto terminata, intermedia laterali haud breviore atque

cum ea basi connexa; corpus subtus pedesque ut in MW. agresti.

Long. 10-12 mm. ; lat. 6-7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay), W. F. Purcell; (George).

MACHLOMORPHA, gen. nov.

Machle verisimilis; habitus structuraque antennarum, ut in

illa, differt lateribus prothoracis infra pro receptione antennarum

haud excavatis, processu prosternali apice rotundato, haud acute

producto, mesosterno haud inciso, tarsisque gracilioribus, unguibus

longioribus,

258 Annals of the South African Museum.

MACHLOMORPHA ALTITUDINIS.

Nigra, pube squamosa sparse obsita; caput rude profundeque

punctatum, apice longitrorsum foveatum, inter antennas transversim

impressum, lobis ante-ocularibus modice prominulis ; prothorax,

apice nonnihil emarginatus, basi leviter bisinuatus, angulis totis

sub-acutis, prominulis, regulariter rotundato amplhiatus, sed basi

apice nonnihil latior, convexus, profunde sat crebre punctatus, sulco

medio longitudinali, lateribus anguste depressis, margine acuta, haud

reflexa ; elytra antice prothoracis basi nonnihil angustiora, pone

medium ampliata, ubi basi duplo latiora, convexa, dehiscentia, preter

suturam elevatam, margine laterali costisque duabus levibus in disco

positis ad apicem declivitatis terminatis, ubi conjunctis, in singulo

predita, interstitiis vix punctulatis, pube squamosa sparsim vestita ;

subtus sat dense punctatus, abdomine fere levi ; pedes rugosi, setulosi.

Long. 12-14 mm.; lat. 6-7 mm.

Captured at the top of the highest peak in South Africa (Mont aux

Sources, altitude 10,000 feet), by Mr. G. Mann.

MACHLOMORPHA DIVERSA.

Brunnea, indumento ochraceo squamoso obtecta; caput rude

coriaceum, lobis ante-ocularibus valde prominulis ; prothorax antice

circulatim emarginatus, angulis productis, ab angulo antico basi

modice ampliatus, versus basim haud attenuatus vel emarginatus,

basi apice fere duplo latior, lateribus sat late deplanatis, margine

laterum valde reflexa, disco rude coriaceo, postice nonnihil elevato,

haud sculpturato, basi modice bi-sinuata, angulis acutis, promi-

nulis; elytra basi prothoracis latitudine fere aqualia, ad medium

perparum ampliata, supra plana, apice dehiscentia, crebre minuteque

punctulata, preeter marginem lateralem acutam costa discoidali

antice carinata, ad medium sub-undulata, postice abbreviata, in

singulo preedita, parte postica prope suturam interstitioque supra

laterali tuberculis sat confertis obsitis, sutura apice elevata; subtus

dense minuteque granulosa, breviter pubescens; pedes crebre granu-

loso-punctati, setulosi. Long. 14 mm. ; lat. 8 mm.

Hab. Natal (no exact locality).

Gen. ASIDA, Latr.

ASIDA DEVIA.

Nigra, indumento terreno vel ochraceo obtecta, marginibus pro-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 259

: j|

thoracis, rugis tuberculisque setulosis ; caput vertice bi-callosum,

inter antennas profunde circulatim impressum, lobis ante ocularibus

valde productis; antennz articulo ultimo lato, a medio turbinato

apice truncato, dimidia parte dense flavo pubescente ; prothorax

longitudine fere tertio latior, apice profunde emarginatus, angulis sub-

acutis, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, lateribus in

medio acuminatis, margine laterum sat crasso, reflexo, supra rugis

longitudinalibus duobus validis, spatium sub-canaliculatum includen-

tibus, a medio apice sub-obliteratis tuberculoque parvo utroque

notatis; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, sub-parallela,

supra in disco depressa, postice declivia, preeter marginem lateralem

e tuberculis setiferis haud confertis formatam, costa dorsali tuber-

culata, longe ante apicem attenuata, utroque preedita, sutura granulosa,

interstitiis tuberculis parvis setigeris seriatis sat dense obsitis ; pedes

mediocres, setulosi; corpus subtus laxe punctatum, tenuiter pubes-

cens. Long. 19 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Natal (Maritzburg).

ASIDA NATALIS.

Nigra, indumento griseo vestita, marginibus prothoracis rugis

tuberculisque haud setulosis; caput vertice tri-callosum ; antenne

articulo ultimo brevi conspicue truncato ; prothorax latitudine longi-

tudine tertio latior, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi profunde

bi-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, ad medium laterum

sub-acuminatim ampliatus, intra basim nonnihil constrictus, mar-

ginibus laterum ab apice ultra medium crassis, nonnihil reflexis,

infra profunde canaliculatis, supra deplanatus, rugis duabus longi-

tudinalibus, equalibus, ab apice basi ductis, tuberculisque duobus

rugam sinuatam formantibus utroque positis; elytra antice pro-

thorace basi zqualia, post medium prothoracis latitudine maxima

quarto latiora, antice deplanata, post medium vix convexa, postice

valde declivia, sutura elevata, preter costam lateralem e tuberculis

haud confertis formata, carina dorsali tuberculosa procul ab apice

terminata ubi linea circulari verrucosa cum sutura connexa, postice

in seriem granulorum apicem attingente continuata, in singulo

preedita, interstitiis sparsim, ad latera densius, tuberculatis, tuberculis

sub-nitidis, glabris; pedes dense terreno tomentosi ; prosternum

rude punctatum, abdomen impunctatum. Long. 11-114 mm. ; lat.

6 mm.

Hab. Natal (Frere). G. A. K. Marshall.

260 Annals of the South African Museum.

ASIDA TRANSVAALENSIS.

Nigra, indumento terreno vel fulvo obtecta, marginibus prothoracis

brevissime setosis, tuberculis elytrorum glabris; caput scrobicu-

latum, depressum, lobis ante ocularibus sat fortiter productis ; pro-

thorax in dorso scrobiculatus, ad latera rugosus, longitudine duplo

latior, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis omnibus

acutis sed haud prominulis, lateribus ab apice pone medium rotundato

ampliatis, deinde ad basim haud constrictis, marginibus haud crassis,

valde reflexis, infra concavis sed haud canaliculatis, supra disco

valde elevato, rotundato ; elytra antice prothorace basi haud latiora,

post medium ampliata, ubi prothoracis parte maxima nonnihil latiora,

paullum convexa, postice valde declivia, ad latera posticeque verru-

cosa, antice prope basim leviora, preter costam lateralem e verrucis

confertis formata, carina sub-acuta, verrucosa, cum laterali basi

connexa, procul ab apice abbreviata rudimentoque basali coste

interioris in singulo predita, sutura perparum elevata; prosternum

rude punctatum, abdomen distincte punctulatum, brevissime pilosum ;

pedes fulvo pubescentes. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

ASIDA ZULA.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, marginibus prothoracis, breviter

setosis ; caput in medio leviter impressum, punctulatum, lobis ante-

ocularibus sat fortiter productis; prothorax leviter scrobiculatus,

longitudine fere duplo latior, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi bi-

sinuatus, basi ipsa in medio nonnihil aculeata, angulis posticis pro-

minentibus, lateribus ab apice pone medium sub-diagonaliter,

ampliatis, deinde ad basim haud constrictis, marginibus haud

crassis, modice reflexis, infra canaliculatis, supra paullum convexus

lateribus sat anguste deplanatis, medio canaliculato fossaque basali

notato; elytra antice prothorace basi haud latiora, post medium

parum ampliata, supra deplanata, postice sat longe dehiscentia,

erebre verrucosa, verrucis glabris, sutura elevata, preter costam

verrucosam lateralem carina acuta longe procul ab apice terminata

cum costa laterali basi connexa rudimentoque basali cost interioris

in singulo instructis; subtus rugosa, pectore ochraceo tomentoso,

abdomine profunde punctato, sub-pubescente; pedes ochraceo

squamosi, breviter setulosi. Long. 14-15 mm. ; lat. 64-8 mm.

Much more parallel than the preceding species, and with the dis-

coidal part of the prothorax less raised, less scrobiculate ; the outer

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 261

margins are thinner and less recurved, and there is a distinct longi-

tudinal groove in the centre; the median part of the base is not

angular in A. transvaalensis.

Hab. Zululand (Kshowe). A. Windham.

ASIDA CONSOBRINA.

Nigra, opaca, capite prothoraceque crebre punctatis, punctis

squamis ochraceis repletis; caput in medio impressum, lobis

anteocularibus modice productis ; prothorax longitudine fere dimidio

latior, parum rotundatus, ad basim haud constrictus, basi apice

dimidio latiore, bi-sinuata, medio in processu angulato producta, supra

nonnihil convexus, medio linea longitudinali insculpto ; elytra antice

prothorace basi nonnihil angustiora, ad tertiam partem longitudinis

paullum ampliata, convexa, postice declivia, lateribus fossulatis,

medio laxiore sed late punctato, squamulis griseis nonnullis adspersa,

singulo preeter costam lateralem sublaceratam, carina levi longe ante

apicem abbreviata, rudimentoque obliquo basali cost interioris,

sutura parum elevata; subtus ut in specie precedenti. Long.

iM-mm.; lat. 10 mm.

Closely allied to the preceding species owing to the general appear-

ance and shape, but larger, more convex on the elytra, the sides of

which are foveate instead of being verrucose ; the median part of the

base of the prothorax is also produced in an angular process much more

distinct than in A. zula, and the disk of the prothorax is also more

convex ; the basal rudiment of another dorsal costa in the elytra is

oblique instead of being straight.

Hab. Zululand (Eshowe).

ASIDA ZAMBESIANA.

Nigra, opaca, pube ochracea breve sat dense vestita ; caput

profunde crebreque punctatum ; prothorax crebre punctatus longi-

tudine tertio latior, rotundato ampliatus, ad basim vix attenuatus,

lateribus sat late deplanatis, marginibus acutis brevissime setulosis,

distincte reflexis, infra haud canaliculatis, disco modice convexo,

linea longitudinali obsoleta, basi bi-sinuata, angulis posticis acutis,

prominulis ; elytra antice prothorace basi nonnihil angustiora ante

medium perparum ampliata, supra nonnihil deplanata, postice

dehiscentia, margine laterali dorsi crenulata, setulosa carinaque

dorsali etiam breviter setulosa, procul ab apice terminata, recta ad

humerum haud ducta, in singulo instructa, sutura haud elevata;

262 Annals of the South African Museum.

interstitiis breve fulvo setulosis, impunctatis ; corpus subtus pedesque

ut in speciebus antecedentibus. Long. 19 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Evidently allied to A. bi-costata, Fahr., but the elytra are impunc-

tate, and the dorsal costa is not directed obliquely towards the base.

Hab. Zambesia, ? Victoria Falls.

ASIDA ABERRANS.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, supra setulosa ; caput in medio

impressum, vertice sub-fossulatum, rugosum, breviter pilosum, lobis

anteocularibus valde prominulis; prothorax longitudine fere duplo

latior, pone medium valde rotundato-amplatus, ad basim minus

attenuatus, lateribus anguste deplanatis, marginibus laterum sat

crassis, reflexis, disco convexo, postice sensim elevato, areolis parvis

quatuor transversim positis notato, dense brevissimeque setulosus,

basi sub-circulari, angulis prominulis, margine laterum infra sat

profunde canaliculata ; elytra antice prothorace basi vix angustiora,

pone medium ampliata, ubi prothorace perparum latiora, supra

vix convexa, postice declivia, margine laterali costisque dorsalibus

duabus approximatis procul ab apice abbreviatis granuloso setosis,

suture proxima Vix perspicua, intermedia ad basim carinata utroque

preedita, interstitiis granulatis, granulis sparsis, setulosis, in medio

disci humilioribus; corpus subtus sat dense squamosum ; pedes

dense brunneo-tomentosi, setulosi. Long. 10 mm.; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham’s Town).

ASIDA PAUPERATA.

Nigra, indumento griseo obtecta, supra glabra; caput antice

impressum, vertice sat late sed haud profunde foveatum ; prothorace

rugosulum, disco sat crebre punctulato, elevato, longitudinaliter

perspicue canaliculato, impressionibus duabus utroque notato,

lateribus late deplanatis, marginibus sat crassis, reflexis, infra

excayvatis ; elytra antice prothoracis basi nonnihil angustiora, post

medium latitudine maxima ejusdem equalia, supra sub-deplanata,

postice declivia, sat crebre sub-seriatim granulata, margine laterali

costisque duabus granulatis, intermedia ad basim carinata cum

suture proxima procul ab apice connexa atque in eallo producta,

utroque preedita, costa sutures proxima interdum fere obliterata,

sutura postice granulosa, elevata; corpus subtus sat dense squamo-

South African Coleopterous Fawna. 263

sum; pedes dense griseo tomentosi, setulosi. Long. 10 mm. : lat.

54 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham’s Town).

ASIDA MOSSAMBICA.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta pubeque setulosa fulvescente

vestita ; caput crebre rudeque punctulatum, inter antennas trans-

versim impressum, vertice obsolete foveolatum, lobis ante-ocularibus

prominulis ; prothorax crebre punctatus regulariter rotundato-

ampliatus, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi sinuatus angulis

posticis prominulis, disco vix elevato, lateribus sat deplanatis,

marginibus laterum modice acutis, reflexis, infra excavatis ; elytra

antice prothorace basi vix latiora, post medium latitudine maxima

ejusdem qualia, versus apicem acuminata, supra depressa, postice

longe declivia, margine laterali acuta carinaque transversa discoidal,

pone medium posita, utroque preedita; subtus breviter fulvo pubescens ;

pedes subtiliter setulosi. Long. 11 mm.; lat. 6 mm,

This species is easily distinguished by the small transverse ridge

situated on each side of the elytra at the top of the declivity.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla). Rev. H. Junod.

ASIDA TURBIDA.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, setulis brevibus dense vestita ;

caput antice verticeque haud distincte impressum, confertim setosum ;

prothorax apice late circulatim emarginatus, lateraliter ab angulo

laterali- pone medium modice rotundato ampliatus, dein ad basim

profunde sinuatus, angulis posticis acuminatis, prominulis, basi ad

latera utroque incisus, supra vix elevatus, crebre setulosus, lateribus

sat deplanatis, margine laterum vix reflexa, infra haud excavata,

supra basim utroque sat distincte impressus; elytra antice prothorace

basi perparum latiora, post medium nonnihil ampliata, rugosula,

crebre setosa, supra deplanata, postice longe dehiscentia, margine

laterali verrucosa, ad humeros crassiora rudimentoque basali costie

discoidalis utroque predita; corpus subtus pedesque brevissime

setulosa. Long. 11 mm.; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town). A. Raffray.

ASIDA UMBRINA.

Nigra, pube fulvescente obtecta pilisque erectis longis, nigris

densissime yestita ; caput rugosum, vix impressum, lobis anteocu-

264 Annals of the South African Museum.

laribus modice prominulis; prothorax apice circulatim emarginatus,

angulis valde prominulis, lateraliter ad medium _ sub-angulatim

ampliatus, postice minus attenuatus, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis

posticis rectis, disco elevato, leviter canaliculato, lateribus sat late

deplanatis, margine laterum modice crassa, perparum reflexa, infra

haud exeavata, disco maculis velutinis fuscis duabus utroque ornato ;

elytra antice prothorace basi haud latiora, pone humeros acutos

sinuata, ad medium ampliata, ubi prothoracis parte maxima fere

wequalia, supra vix convexa, postice modice declivia, dense setulosa,

serie e maculis fasciculatis fuscis, velutinis plagaque suturali

elongata, basi distinctiore ornata, margine laterali acuta, usque

ad apicem ducta; corpus subtus dense longeque fulvopubescens ;

pedes longe setulosi. Long. 12 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla). Rev. H. Junod.

ASIDA NAMAQUA.

Nigra, pube breve sparse obtecta, lateribus longe villosis ; caput

rugosum, in medio impressum, lobis anteocularibus valde prominulis ;

prothorax rugoso punctatus, convexus, in medio late sulcatus, disco

utroque impressionibus rotundatis duabus notato, antice circulatim

emarginatus, basi bi-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, prominentibus,

lateraliter ab angulo antico fere ad basim rotundato-ampliatus,

lateribus vix deplanatis, margine laterum sat acuta, serrulata, infra

haud canaliculata; scutellum pube flavescente obtectum; elytra

antice prothorace haud angustiora, pone medium basi haud latiora,

convexa, postice dehiscentia, granulis sat validis nitidis series magis

minusque regulares formantibus predita, margine laterali serrulata

atque ut in prothoracis lateribus longe villosa, maculis velutinis

umbrinis tribus, duabus anticis juxta suturam, altera fere in medio

posticee partis positis utroque ornata; corpus subtus profunde

punctatum, sparse setulosum; pedes brevissime setulosi, rugosi,

tibiis externe distincte denticulatis. Long. 10 mm.; lat. 6 mm.

This species is very different from the South African ones owing

to the more ovate shape of the elytra, and also of that of the

prothorax, the sides of which are gradually ampliate and rounded

from the outer angle to near the base, the angle of which is very

sharp and prominent ; the tibiee are distinctly denticulate outwardly.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). LL. Péringuey.

ASIDA LUTULENTA,

Nigra, indumento eriseo vel ochraceo obtecta, pube setulosa brevi

to) ? (©

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 265

dense vestita ; caput in medio vix impressum, lobis ante-ocularibus

modice prominulis; prothorax antice late circulatim emarginatus,

postice profunde bisinuatus, angulis acutis sat prominulis, ab angulo

antico pone medium lateratum rotundato ampliatus, dein basi haud

sensim obliquatus, disco postice quadratim elevato, intra basim

apiceque utrinque impressus, lateribus latis, deplanatis, margine

crassa, infra excavata; elytra antice prothorace vix angustiora,

post medium haud ampliata, plana, postice dehiscentia, margine

laterali tuberculata, verrucis setiferis, elongatis, fere cohzerentibus,

ad basim nonnunquam costam formantibus, ante apicem evanescenti-

bus in singulo bi-seriatis, interstitio laterali postice sparse verrucoso ;

corpus subtus vix setosum; pedes brevissime sed dense setulosi.

Long. 93-103 mm. ; lat. 5-54 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Mossel Bay). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

ASIDA UNIGENA,

Mabe Vie hie. 8:

Nigra, pube squamosa ochracea vel nigrescente, dense obtecta ;

caput rugose punctatum, breviter setulosum, vertice longitudinaliter

tri-impressum, lobis ante-ocularibus, distinctis ; prothorax longitu-

dine vix latior, apice late circulatim emarginatus, basi haud sinuatus,

angulis, posticis rectis, ab angulo antico pone medium rotundatus,

parum ampliatus, dein basi fere rectus, profunde crebreque punctatus,

punctis squamis repletis, in medio sat profunde canaliculatus atque

utrinque impressus, lateribus longitudinaliter apiceque transversim

sulcatis, margine laterum sat crassum, vix reflexum, infra haud

excavatum ; elytra elongata; antice prothoracis basi wequalia, post

medium haud ampliata, plana, apice breviter dehiscentia, rugosa,

margine laterali acuta costulisque duabus sinuosis, e rugis inter-

ruptis, irregularibus, formatis, apicem haud attingentibus, interstitis

variolosis, utrinque preedita ; corpus subtus pedesque ut in specie

precedenti. Long. 8-10 mm. ; lat. 34-5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town, Ceres, Malmesbury). Rh. M.

Lightfoot, Dr. W. F. Purcell.

ASIDA LECTA.

Nigra, indumento terreno obtecta, vix setulosa; caput vertice tri-

impressum, lobis ante-ocularibus prominulis ; prothorax longitudine

tertio latior, apice circulatim emarginatus, basi breviter bi-sinuatus,

lateraliter ab apice pone medium late rotundato-ampliatus, dein basi

266 Annals of the South African Museum.

fere rectus, disco parum elevato, antice arcuatim impresso, intra

basim carinis duabus brevibus, medium haud attingentibus, munito

impressione que lata sat profunda utroque notato, lateribus antice

sat late depressis, margine sub-acuta, infra haud excavata ; elytra

antice basi prothoracis vix latiora, pone medium perparum ampliata,

supra modice depressa, postice declivia, tuberculis sat validis, confer-

tis, quadruplici serie apicem fere attingente, in singulo instructis,

serie supra laterali antice obliterata ; corpus subtus et pedes ut in

speciebus antecedentibus. Long. 8 mm.; lat. 4 mm.

Hab. Natal (no exact locality).

ASIDA LEGITIMA.

Nigra, ochraceo tomentosa, lateribus prothoracis, tuberculis

elytorum pedibusque distincte setulosis ; caput in medio verticis sub-

foveolatum, lobis ante ocularibus prominulis ; prothorace longitudine

quarto latior, ab angulo antico pone medium latissime rotundato-

ampliatus, fere foliaceus, versus basin rectus, apice sensim sed haud

circulatim emarginatus, basi distincte bi-sinuatus, angulis acutis,

disco parum elevato, costis callosis longitudinalibus duabus, basi

apice validioribus, in medio interruptis, foveam geminam includenti-

bus notato, ad medium laterum utrinque subtiliter foveato, lateribus

late sub-deplanatis, margine laterum sat crassa, distincte reflexa,

infra haud canaliculata ; elytra pone medium prothorace haud latiora,

sat depressa, apice declivia, tuberculis validis a basi fere ad apicem

utrinque trifariam seriatis obsita; corpus subtus dense ochraceo-

pollinosum. Long. 8 mm.; lat. 4 mm.

Hab. Natal (D’Urban). A. D. Millar.

Trt MOLURINI.

Gren. AMIANTUS, Haag-Rut.

AMIANTUS MANICANUS.

Niger, pube terrena brevi dense obtectus; caput rugosum, ab

oculos circulatim reflexum ; prothorax vix latior quam longior, ad

medium laterum rotundato-amplatus, basi apice haud latior, angulis

anticis valde acuminatis, prominulis, posticis nullis, supra gibbosus,

prope basim leviter compressus, crebre foveolatus, fere in medio

distincte bi-impressus, elytra basi obliqua, ad humeros prothorace

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 267

duplo latiora, quadrata, supra antice vix rotundata, postice abrupte

declivia, lateribus verticalibus, carina laterali apice acute terminata

partemque declivam superante costisque duabus declivitatis apicem

attingentibus e carinis brevibus, distincte interruptis sub-undulatisque

formatis, utroque preedita, interstitiis granulis distinctis sat confertis

obsitis ; pro and mesosterno rude, metasterno abdomineque subtilius

punctatis ; pedes rugosuli, breviter pubescentes. Long. 15 mm. ;

lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Manica). F. C. Selous.

Gren. PSAMMODES, Kirb.

PSAMMODES KARROOENSIS,

Plate VI., fig. 10.

Niger, nitidus, elytris costis tuberculosis ferrugineo-rufis ; antenne

sraciles ; caput leve; prothorax fere orbicularis, supra equaliter

convexus, basi apice nonnihil angustior, angulis anticis acutis valde

prominulis, posticis rotundatis, margine laterali acuta, serrulata,

lateribus anguste granulosis, disco vage punctulato, punctis omnibus

setam longissimam pallidam ferentibus; elytra rotundata, a basi

ampliata, supra conyvexa, postice valde dehiscentia, costis tribus

acute crebreque tuberculatis, basim vix attingentibus, rufescen-

tibus, interstitiisque minus seriato tuberculatis, in singulo preedita,

tuberculis omnibus setiferis, setis longissimis, erectis, sutura sub-

elevata, margine laterali acuta, postice deplanata serrulataque; pedes

validi, femoribus crassis, dense ochraceo tomentosis. Long. 23 mm. ;

lat. 15-17 mm.

g. Abdom. segment. 2° macula rotundata fulvo-tomentosa.

Allied to P. scabratus, Sol. The very long, pallid sets are very

easily rubbed off, and it is rare to find a pilose example.

Hab. Cape Colony (Matjesfontein, Worcester Distr.), R.

Trimen ; (Fraserburg).

PSAMMODES HOTTENTOTUS,

Plate VL, fig. 9.

Nigro piceus, sub-nitidus, antenne graciles; caput antice pube

ochracea dense vestitum, vertice glabrum, leve; prothorax longitu-

dine latitudine zquali, rotundato ampliatus, basi apice haud angustior,

angulis anticis acutis, prominulis, posticis obliteratis, supra convexus

268 Annals of the South African Musewm.

sparse punctulatus, punctis setam longissiman ferentibus, margin

laterali sub-serrata, lateribus anguste granulosis ; elytra rotundata, a

basi ampliata, convexa, postice declivia, granis validis, longe setiferis

crebre regulariterque obsita; pedes validi, femoribus crassis, fulvo

tomentosis ; epipleura granulata. Long. 23 mm.; lat. 15 mm.

g. Abdom. segm. 2° ferrugineo maculato. :

Similar in shape to P. karrooensis, but at once differentiated by the

absence of coste on the elytra and by the even distribution of the

granules which bear, however, as long a seta as in P. karrooensis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam).

PSAMMODES ROTUNDIPENNIS.

Niger, nitidus; caput antice parce punctulatum, vertice leve ;

prothorax ut in speciebus precedentibus, sparse punctulatus, sed

glaber ; elytra rotundata, convexa, postice declivia, vittis quatuor

depressis rufescentibus utrinque preedita, antice punctulata, postice

minute granulata et brevissime setigera ; sutura sub-elevata, margine

laterali acuta, postice nonnihil deplanata ; pedes validi, modice

elongati, ochraceo-pubescentes. Long. 22 mm.; lat. 14 mm,

3g. Abdom. segm. 2° et 3° macula orbiculari fulva, anteriore

latiora.

Not unlike P. caffer, Fahr., but the elytra are more globose, the

depressed rufescent bands are deeper, broader and better defined

along the posterior declivity. It is also closely allied to P. nitens,

Fahr.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham’s Town).

PSAMMODES MERACUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, antennis fulvo pubescentibus; caput haud

punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine quarto latior, regulariter rotun-

dato ampliatus, basi vix sinuatus, angulis anticis acuminatis, posticis

rectis, parum conyexus, antice dehiscens, pone medium obsolete bi-

foveolatus, apice lateraliterque tenuiter marginatus; elytra a basi

ampliata, ad medium prothorace duplo latiora, versus apicem

attenuata, supra valde convexa, postice declivia, antice rugosula,

postice crebre minuteque granulosa, pilis flavescentibus sub-erectis

longis, basi excepta dense vestita, margine laterali acuta, pone

medium versus apicem modice recurva; pedes validi, breves, dense

fulyo pilosi; processus prosternalis triangulus angulis apice

distincte productis. Long. 30 mm.; lat. 30 mm.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 269

3g. Seg. abdom, tribus primis in medio fulvo tomentosis,

Not unlike in general appearance P. ponderosus, but the prothorax

is more deflexed in the anterior part, and the elytra are more

ampliated from the very base ; the sculpture and colour are, however,

very different.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg). EH. J. Dunn.

PSAMMODES MASHUNUS,

Plate VI., fig. 13.

Niger, elytris leviter eneo micantibus ; antennis piceo-rufis, gracili-

bus ; caput vage sparseque punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine

latitudine fere zquali, ante-medium modice rotundato ampliatus,

pone medium versus basim leviter attenuatus, angulis anticis acutis,

prominulis, posticis rotundatis, supra convexus, antice sub-declivus,

ad basim utrinque leviter compressus, punctis minutis adspersus,

linea angusta longitudinali nuda ; elytra antice latitudine baseos

prothoracis, in medio ampliata, versus apicem attenuata, supra con-

vexa, postice valde declivia, apice deplanato producta singulatimque

rotundata, costata, interstitiis 2-4 ad declivitatem, 5-6 apice ultra

medium acute tuberculatis, lateribus etiam apice tuberculatis, margine

laterali acuta apice laminata; pedes elongati, sat validi, tibiis fulvo

tomentosis. Long. 25-264 mm.; lat. 14-15 mm.

g. Abdom. segmentis tribus primis fulvo tomentosis.

Allied to P. pierreti, Amyot. ; the facies is the same, but apart from

the colour, which is different, the sculpture of the elytra differs also ;

in P. pierreti they are not costate, and the sides and posterior part

are covered with very closely set seriate tubercles, whereas in P.

mashunus there are only three lateral series of slightly larger

tubercles not closely set, and two series in the declivous part.

Hab. Gambesia (Upper Hanyani River). G. A. K. Marshall.

PSAMMODES MULLERI,

Plate VI., fig. 11.

Niger, nitidus; antenne graciles, ferruginei; caput fere leve ;

prothorax longitudine haud latior, ante medium vix ampliatus,

angulis anticis acutis, prominulis, posticis rotundatis, supra con-

vexus, acute marginatus, vix punctulatus ; elytra antice prothorace

tertio latiora, in medio leviter ampliata, versus apicem parum

attenuata, margine laterali acuta, apice utrinque laminata, supra

270 Annals of the South African Museum.

deplanata, postice abrupte decliva, antice in medio levigata, parte

postica lateribusque longitudinaliter tuberculatis, tuberculis creberri-

mis, seriatis; pedes elongati sub-validi, dense fulvo pilosi. Long.

25-26 mm.; lat. 14-154 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. tribus primis fulvo tomentosis.

A very distinct species, which I have much pleasure in calling

after Herr Clemens Miller, who has very kindly compared my

examples of the South African Moluride@ with Haag Rutenberg’s

types, now in his possession.

Hab. Cape Colony (Pella, Bushmanland). G. Alston.

PSAMMODES RUSTICUS.

Obscure brunneus, sub-nitidus, indumento pollinosi albido tectus ;

caput sub-leve ; prothorax longitudine quarto latior, regulariter rotun-

dato ampliatus, basi apice haud angustior, aculis anticis acutis, pro-

minulis, posticis rotundatis, supra convexus, disco vage punctulatus,

lateribus anguste scrobiculatis; elytra sub-rotundato ovalia, a basi

ampliata, versus apicem parum attenuata, supra convexa, postice

sub-declivia, dense creberrimeque granulata, lateribus declivitaque

dense longeque pilosis, margine laterali acuta, versus apicem parum

deplanata, pedes modice elongati, dense pubescentes ; processus

prosternalis, fere rectus, apice emarginatus, angulis prominulis,

obtuse rotundatis. Long. 19-224 mm. ; lat. 12-14 mm.

3. Abdom. segm. tribus primis in medio fulvo tomentosis.

Somewhat similar in shape to P. nitens ; but the prothorax is not

so much ampliated in the middle, and the elytra are not so rotund

laterally owing to their being a little more ampliated near the base ;

it is also not unlike P. hottentotus, but the elytra are not so rotund,

the granulation is very much finer, and the hairs on the side and

on the posterior parts are much shorter, more closely set, and nearly

decumbent ; it is also differentiated by the shape and number of the

ventral pubescent patches in the 3.

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester). J. Lycett.

PSAMMODES APPROXIMANS.

Rufo brunneus, nitidus, antennis tarsisque brunneo-ferrugineis ;

antenne modice graciles ; caput apice profunde postice vage punc-

tulatum ; prothorax longitudine tertio latior, regulariter rotundato

ampliatus sed basi apice angustior, angulis anticis modice pro-

minulis, posticis sub-angulatis, supra modice convexus, antice

South African Coleopterous Fauna. All

dehiscens, vage punctulatus, linea tenuissima longitudinali a medio

apice ducta, fere obliterata, notatus, supra basim vage bi-foveolatus ;

elytra basi prothorace angustiora, a basi ultra medium ampliata, ubi

prothorace duplo latiora, deinde versus apicem modice attenuata,

supra convexa, postice sub-abrupte dehiscentia, a basi medio crebre

punctulata, deinde tenuiter granulosa longeque sed haud dense

pubescentia ; margine laterali acuta, ad apicem modice deplanata ;

pedes sub-elongati, dense ferrugineo tomentosi. Long. 22 mm. ;

lat. 13 mm.

3. Abdom. segm. 2° macula orbiculari fulva.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). TT. Ayres.

PSAMMODES PLAUSIBILIS.

Brunneus, sub-nitidus ; capite sat crebre profundeque punctatum ;

prothorax longitudine tertio latior, ad medium rotundato-amphatus,

postice antice magis attenuatus, basi apice nonnihil angustior, angulis

anticis valde acuminatis prominulisque, acute marginatus, supra

convexus, crebre punctatus, ad latera punctis evidentioribus ; elytra

oblongo ovalia, crebre punctulata, interstitiis antice levibus, postice

rugosulis, pilisque decumbentibus griseis, basi excepta, dense vestita,

margine laterali acuta, recurva, versus apicem parum deplanata ;

pedes sub-elongati, validi, dense fulvo pubescentes. Long.

25-254 mm ; lat. 13-14 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. 2° et 3° macula rotundata fulva, posteriore

minuta.

Somewhat shaped like P. pubescens, Sol., but the elytra are more

oblongo-ovate, and the sculpture is different.

Hab. Orange Free State (Kronstad). Dr. Simon.

PSAMMODES PROFANUS.

Nigro-piceus, nitidus, glaber; caput fere leve; prothorax longi-

tudine tertio latior, ad medium rotundato-ampliatus, postice antice

magis attenuatus, basi apice nonnihil angustior, angulis anticis

prominulis, posticis rotundatis, supra convexus, vage punctulatus,

margine laterali sub-crenulata, lateribus anguste modiceque rugosis,

linea longitudinali tenuissima a basi medium attingente; elytra

sub-oblongo ovalia, antice minus ampliata, supra convexa, apice

dehiscentia, glabra, costulis plurimis evanescentibus sub-undulatisque

in singulo instructis, antice fere haud punctulata, longe pone

medium granulis minutissimis sat crebris obsita ; pedes validi, sub-

272 Annals of the South African Museum.

elongati, dense fulvo pubescentes; processus prosternalis apice

utrinque spinosus. Long. 24 mm.; lat. 13 mm.

Closely allied to the preceding species; the general appearance is

very similar, but the outer margin of the prothorax is more serrate,

the elytra are glabrous, and the prosternal process is very distinctly

spinose on each side of the apex instead of being nearly rounded.

Hab. Cape Colony (Pella). G. Alston.

PSAMMODES INTERMEDIUS.

Obscure brunneus ; caput antice profunde, postice minus puncta-

tum; prothorax longitudine quarto latior, regulariter rotundato-ampli-

atus, basi apice «wquali, angulis anticis acutis, valde prominulis, supra

convexus, crebre sed haud profunde punctatus, punctis ad latera

distinctioribus, margine laterali evidenter crenulata ; elytra oblongo

ovalia, medio prothorace duplo latiora, convexa, apice dehiscentia,

costis tribus modice distinetis utrinque preedita, granulis minutissimis

creberrimisque obsita, pube grisea breve, antice obliterata, dense

tecta, sutura elevata, margine literali acuta, reflexa, postice modice

deplanata; pedes minus elongati, rugosuli parce pubescentes ; pro-

cessus pro-sternalis ut in P. plausibili. Long. 25mm.; lat. 14 mm.

Closely allied to both the preceding species; from P. profanus it

is easily distinguished by the shape of the pro-sternal process, which

is rounded at tip instead of being spinose on each side at apex ;

while the elytra are not costulate in P. plausibilis, nor are they

granulose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Stellenbosch). L. Péringuey.

PSAMMODES PRXLIATOR.

Nigro piceus, nitidus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis, caput sat

crebre leviter punctulatum ; prothorax ad medium distincte rotun-

dato ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior, angulis anticis acutis, pro-

minulis, posticis rotundatis, basi apice haud latior, supra convexus,

dorso laxe punctatus, punctis ad latera evidentioribus, intra basim

in medio bi-impressus; elytra elongata, antice latitudine baseos

prothoracis, longe pone humeros gradatim ampliata, medio pro-

thorace duplo latiora, versus apicem paullum attenuata, supra

convexa, postice dehiscentia, a basi ultra medium sub-crebre sed vage

punctulata, postice minute granulata, granis breviter setiferis, in dorso

vagissime striata, margine laterali acuta, apice modice deplanata ;

South African Coleopterous Fawna. 273

pedes breves, rude punctati, tibiis dense fulvo tomentosis. Long.

21 mm; lat. 11 mm.

3. Abdom. segm. 2° et 3° macula orbiculari, anteriore minuta,

fulvo tomentosa.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

PSAMMODES SOLITARIUS.

Niger, nitidus, caput prothoraxque opaci, vage punctulati, hic ab

apice pone medium lateraliter rotundato-ampliatus, versus basim

paullum attenuatus, longitudine tertio latior, supra modice convexus,

linea levi longitudinali media, basi transversim impressus, angulis

anticis acutis, prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis; elytra basi

prothorace latiora, humeris haud sensim obliquis, medio basi haud

latiora, supra deplanata lateribus verticalibus, postice declivia,

costa supra marginali acuta costulaque discoidali prope illam posita

utrinque przedita, superficie omni crebre minuteque granulata,

sutura depressa, margine laterali acuta, reflexa; pedes punctulati,

graciles, breves, tibiis fulvo tomentosis. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 8 mm.

The shape of the elytra is nearly similar to that of P. tomentosus

Sol. The supra marginal carina is equally sharp, but reaches nearly

the suture at a very short distance from the apex, and the base is

straighter, thus giving the elytra a more quadrate appearance ; the

small costa next to the supra marginal one is hardly distinct.

Hab. Cape Colony (Riversdale).

PSAMMODES FLAGRANS.

Nigro piceus, crebre minuteque punctulato granulato, punctis

omnibus squamulis griseis repletis; prothorax rotundato-ampliatus,

basi apice haud latior, angulis anticis acutis, prominulis, latitudine

longitudine fere equali supra modice convexus, intra basim late

transversim impressus, margine laterali acuta; elytra ovalia, basi

prothoracis latitudine, adzquantia, medio tertio latiora, postice

acuminato-attenuata, supra sub-convexa, postice modice declivia,

costulis quatuor vagis sub-discoidalibus, postice abbreviatis, utrinque

preedita ; pedes elongati, graciles, tibiis fulvo pubescentibus. Long.

13 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

There is no new ally of this species known to me.

Hab. Transvaal (Johannesburg), J. P. Cregoe.

PSAMMODES VIETUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus; caput punctatum, punctis confertis; pro-

274 Annals of the South African Museum.

thorax haud profunde scrobiculatus, parvus, ante medium rotun-

dato-amplhatus, latitudine paulo brevior, basi apice tertio angustior,

angulis anticis acuminatis, supra convexus, antice deflexus, postice

sub-gibbosis, medio linea longitudinali nuda; elytra antice latitudine

baseos prothoracis, a basi pone medium inflata, thorace triplo

longiora, medio magis duplo latiora, supra valde convexa, declivia,

crebre punctata, postice rugosula, lateribus apice tenuiter granulatis,

costis septem undulatis, obsolete elevatis, zequali spatio distantibus,

postice abbreviatis, nee prope ad basim extensis, utrinque pradita;

pedes sub-validi, dense fulvo pilosi. Long. 16 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Not unlike in general appearance P. scaber, Fabr.; the form of the

prothorax is nearly similar, but it is scrobiculate instead of being

smooth or nearly so, and the elytra, which are also very different in

sculpture, are very much more attenuate at the base.

Male unknown.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg).

PSAMMODES DISSOCIATUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, supra terreno squamosus ; caput crebre scrobi-

culatum ; prothorax ante medium rotundato ampliatus, pone medium

leviter attenuatus, longitudine quarto latior, basi apice tertio angustior,

angulis anticis acute productis, supra antice deflexus, postice sub-

gibbosus, crebre punctatus, punctis confluentibus, marginibus totis

carinatis ; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, pone humeros

rotundato ampliatis, medio thorace duplo latiora, postice angustata,

supra deplanata, postice declivia, lateribus sub-verticalibus, crebre

punctulata, pube squamosa obsita, costis in singulo sex longitudi-

nalibus, interioribus fere obsoletis, sub-carinatis ; pedes sub-graciles,

breves, tibiis fulvo tomentosis. Long. 15} mm.; lat. 9 mm.

This species is not unlike a Dichtha, owing to the costz on the

elytra, the outer one of which is distinetly carinate and overhangs

the outer margin. The shape of the prothorax is similar to that of

P. vietus, and is perhaps a little more flattened in the anterior part,

but the elytra are much more ampliate from néar the shoulders,

depressed in the anterior part, and more declivous behind; the

cost are not wavy, and are more distinct.

Hab. Transvaal (Heidelberg). H. Bottomley. Zambezia (Victoria

Falls).

PSAMMODES MANIFESTUS.

Niger, nitidus, antenne sub-valide, pice ; caput sparse punctu-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 275

latum ; prothorax ante medium paullum ampliatus, postice sub-

diagonalis, basi leviter sinuatus, longitudine tertio latior, basi apice

latitudine adzequans, angulis anticis acutis prominulis, posticis rectis,

supra convexus medio late profundeque punctatus, ad latera fere

fossulatus, intra basim bi-impressus, margine laterali acuta, reflexa,

leviter serrulata; elytra elongata, oblongo ovalia, basi prothorace

haud latiora, medio parum amplhata, prothorace triplo longiora,

supra convexa, levia, punctis sat crebris granulum ineludentibus,

posticeque evanescentibus obsita; margine laterali acuta, apice haud

deplanata; pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosi. Long. 30 mm.; lat.

15 mm.

Not unlike in general appearance P. badeni, Haag; but the

prothorax is not so parallel; the elytra are a little more oblong, and

the sculpture differs.

Hab. Gambesia (Manica). F. C. Selous.

PSAMMODES JUNODI.

Plate VI., fig. 15.

Niger, opacus; antenne crassiuscule, breves ; caput inter antennas

haud transversim impressum, punctis profundis cribratum ; prothorax

longitudine quarto latior, ad medium leviter ampliatus, basi apice

haud angustior, angulis anticis prominulis, margine basali profunde

emarginata, supra in medio disci paullum depressus, lateribus

nonnihil deplanatis, profunde crebreque punctatus, intra basim

distincte bi-foveatus, foveis vittaque marginali lata pube flavescente

sericea repletis ; elytra elongata, antice prothorace nonnihil angus-

tiora, in medio vix latiora, sub-parallela, versus apicem parum

attenuata, sub-rotundata, supra modice convexa, postice minus

dehiscentia, sulcis latis profundis quatuor, primo breviore, extimo

angustiore, utrinque predita, interstitiis costatis, modice elevatis,

sub-rugosis, sulcis vittaque supra marginali lata pube flavescente

sericea dense vestita, margine laterali acuta, reflexa ; pedes breves,

validi, rude profundeque punctati. Long. 45 mm.; lat. 18 mm.

g. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus late fulvo tomentosis.

A very distinct species.

Hab. Mozambique (Antioka). Rev. H. Junod.

PSAMMODES ALGOENSIS.

Niger, sub-opacus; antenne crassiuscule, breves; caput inter

antennas profunde impressum, rude punctatum, antice scrobi-

276 Annals of the South African Museum.

culatum ; prothorax longitudine quarto latior, rotundato ampliatus,

in medio distincte aculeatus, postice antice minus ampliatus sed

basi apice haud angustior, angulis anticis haud prominulis, posticis

modice rotundatis, supra sub-depressus, margine antica laterumque

carinata, intra basim vage bi-impressus, punctis profundis ad latera

confluentibus crebre obsitus ; elytra oblongo ovata, basi prothorace

latiora, humeris sub-obliquis, medio prothorace tertio latiora, supra

parum convexa, granulis distinctis creberrimis obsita, interstitiis

rugosulis, costulis vagis fere obsoletis sed ad latera nonnihil

evidentioribus utrinque preedita ; pedes validi, breves, rude rugosi,

tibiis posticis apice cavernosis. Long. 24 mm.; lat. 12 mm.

g. Segm. abdom. basalibus tribus late fulvo tomentosis.

Allied to P. procrustes, Westw., but much smaller, and with a

different sculpture.

Hab. Mozambique (Lourengo-Marques). J. de Coster.

PSAMMODES VALENS.

Niger vel rufo-brunneus, sub-opacus; antenne ferruginez, sub-

graciles, prothoracis basim attingentes; caput inter antennas

profunde transversim impressum, subtiliter crebreque punctatum ;

prothorax latus, rotundato ampliatus, basi apice haud angustior,

angulis anticis sub-prominulis, basi sinuata, supra parum convexus,

granulatione minutissima, ad latera nonnihil validiora, crebre obsitus ;

elytra antice prothorace latiora, a basi ampliata, late ovata, versus

apicem modice acuminata, supra parum convexa, creberrime sub-

tiliterque granulata, margine laterali anguste deplanata, a basi ad

apicem distincte reflexa; pedes breves, sub-graciles, rude punctati.

Long. 12-14 mm.; lat. 74-8 mm.

I do not know of any close ally of this species.

Hab. Mozambique (Delagoa). J. de Coster.

PSAMMODES INTEGER.

Brunneus, sub-nitidus; antenne picew, sub-valide, prothoracis

basim attingentes; caput inter antennas profunde transversim

impressum, fere scrobiculatum ; prothorax ante medium rotundato

ampliatus, postice paullum attenuatus, basi haud sinuata, apice

latitudine zquali, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis, supra

parum convexus, medio scrobiculato, scrobiculis ad latera validioribus,

margine laterali acuta, sub-serrulata ; elytra basi prothorace latiora,

ab humeros medio paullum ampliata, versus apicem rotundatim

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 277

attenuata, supra modice convexa, punctis subtilissimis griseo

squamosis creberrime obsita, costulis obsoletis tribus utrinque vage

instructis, margine laterali acuta, reflexa; pedes breves, rugosuli,

tibiis anticis externe acute carinatis, valde sinuatis. Long. 15 mm.;

lat. 9 mm.

The elytra are not much more convex than in P. valens, and of

nearly the same shape, but the prothorax is less broad, the base is

not emarginate, and the sculpture is different.

Hab. East Africa (Lugenda).

PSAMMODES DEBILIS.

Fuscus vel ferrugineus, labro, palpis, antennis pedibusque rufo-

ferrugineis; caput epistomaque crebre aciculata, oculi prominuli ;

prothorax basi apiceque latitudine adaquans, ad medium leviter

ampliatus, latitudine maxima haud longior, crebre aciculatus, antice

sub-convexus, intra basim transverse leviter impressus, basi haud

sinuata, angulis posticis parum prominulis; elytra basi prothoracis

latitudine maxima quarto latiora, pone humeros haud ampliata, a

medio versus apicem acuminata, convexa, antice obsolete aciculata,

postice granulis minutissimis fere obliteratis obsita ; pedes graciles,

rugosuli, calcaribus unguibusque longis. Long. 12-14 mm.;_ lat.

43-5 mm.

3. Segmentis abdominis basalibus tribus in medio fulvo

tomentosis.

Not unlike in general appearance P. villosocostatus, Sol., but the

elytra are a litttle narrower and more elongate, the prothorax is

much narrower and more convex, the aciculation is very fine and

not striolate, and the claws and spurs are longer.

Hab. Damaraland (Walvisch Bay). J. J. Cleverley.

Judging from the length of the spurs and claws, I think that it

is an arenicolous insect.

PSAMMODES PROFUGUS.

Niger vel nigro piceus, palpis, antennis tibiisque ferrugineis ;

caput crebre punctatum, inter antennas transverse impressum :

prothorax basi apiceque latitudine adequans, globosus, obsolete

punctulatus pilisque brevibus sub-flavescentibus dense vestitus ;

elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, ad humeros obliqua, pone

humeros haud ampliata, a medio ad apicem acuminata, apice singu-

latim aculeata, supra convexa, granulis distinctis crebris pilisque

278 Annals of the South African Museum.

brevibus obsita, costis tribus parum elevatis apicem haud attingen-

tibus in singulo predita, sutura carinulata; pedes breviusculi,

rugosuli, tibiis breviter setulosis.

g. Segmentis abdominis basalibus tribus in medio fulvo

tomentosis. Long. 13-16 mm.; lat. 5-7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Fraserburg, Carnarvon).

This species, and also the following ones, are distinguishable by

the very convex, nearly globose prothorax.

PSAMMODES ADVENTITUS.

Niger, sub-opacus; pilis sub-brevibus sat dense obsitus, antennis

pedibusque ferrugineis; caput epistomaque scrobiculata, oculi pro-

minuli; prothorax latitudine haud longior, sub-globosus, basi

apiceque latitudine adzquans, crebre aciculatus, pilosulus ; elytris

basi prothoracis latitudine maxima haud latiora, ad humeros obliqua,

medio paullum ampliata, ubi prothorace tertio latiora, versus apicem

modice acuminata, supra convexa, costis tribus sub-rotundatis apicem

haud attingentibus in singulo predita, obsolete punctulata, sat dense

pilosula; pedes rugosuli, longe pilosi, tarsis elongatis. Long.

20 mm.; lat. 8 mm.

Allied to P. profugus, but differs in the sculpture of the head which

is scrobiculate longitudinally; the prothorax is less globose; the

elytra ave more ampliated in the middle, less convex and less sharply

acuminate behind, the disk is hardly punctulate instead of being

eranulose, the suture is not raised, and the tarsi are much longer.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). LL. Péringuey.

PSAMMODES L#TULUS.

Nigro piceus, labro, antennis, pedibus tarsisque ferrugineis, caput

prothoraceque crebre sed haud profunde punctulati, hic latitudine

parum longior, lateribus modice rotundato-ampliatis, basi apice

nonnihil angustior, angulis anticis acuminato productis, basalibus

obtusis, supra convexus, intra basim distincte transversim impressus ;

elytra elongata, antice fere latitudine baseos thoracis, medio tertio

latiora, apice acuminata, supra convexa, crebre minuteque rugoso-

punctata pubeque brevi sub-flavescente, posterius densiore tecta ;

margine laterali carinulata; pedes sub-graciles, rugosuli, ferrugineo

pilosi.

3. Segm. abdom. tribus primis ferrugineo tomentosis.

Hab. Transyaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

This species has no close ally known to me.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 279

PSAMMODES PROCURSUS,

Plate VI., fig. 14.

Niger vel nigro piceus, sub-nitidus, antennis palpis tarsisque

errugineis ; caput parce punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine haud

latior, convexus, obsolete punctulatus, in medio vage canaliculatus,

ateribus rotundato ampliatis, serrulatis, angulis anticis longis, acutis,

posticis brevibus, basi recta; elytra prothorace triplo longiora,

humeris obliquis, a basi ad medium ampliata, ubi basi duplo latiora,

a medio ad apicem acuminata; supra convexa, granulis minutis

antice validioribus dense obsita, margine laterali acuta, leviter

reflexa; ad medium inflexa; pedes elongati, validi, valde rugosi,

ferrugineo tomentosi.

3. Segment. abdominis tribus basalibus ferrugineo tomentosis.

Long. 24-30 mm. ; lat. 11-13 mm.

Allied to P. heydeni, Haag, but much more elongate and more

acuminate behind; the prothorax is smaller, and the elytra less

ampliate, longer, less convex in the g, and covered with very

closely set granules which are very minute in the posterior part ;

the antenne are very slender, and the tarsi are long, slender, and

fringed with long hairs.

Hab. Cape Colony (Bushmanland). R. M. Lightfoot.

PSAMMODES VATICINUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, palpis, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis ; caput

parce punctulatum ; antenne graciles ; prothorax longitudine parum

latior, convexus, lateribus rotundato ampliatis, sub-serrulatis, angulis

anticis prominentibus, triangulis, posticis rotundatis, basi recta ; supra

crebre sed haud profunde punctulatus ; elytra oblongo ovalia, antice

latitudine baseos thoracis, humeris sub-obliquis, medio thorace duplo

latiora, » medio ad apicem acuminata, superne convexa, granulis

minutissimis antice validioribus obsita, margine laterali acuta,

breviter reflexa ; pedes elongati, scrobiculati, ferrugineo tomentosi.

3. Segment. abdom. duobus basalibus ferrugineo-tomentosis.

Long. 18 mm. ; lat. 9 mm.

Allied to P. steinhelli, Haag-Rut., teste Herr Miiller (this

species is unknown to me), and also to P. heydeni and P. procursus ;

it is distinguished from the second by the more convex elytra which

are not so depressed in the anterior part in the ¢g, and the

posterior declivity of which is more elongate; the granules are also

less closely set and the anterior angles of the prothorax are much

280 Annals of the South African Musewm.

more pronounced than in the two species above mentioned; from

~P. heydeni it is easily distinguished by the more slender facies, the

elytra more acuminate behind; the sculpture of the elytra is nearly

identical, and the outer margins of the prothorax are much less

serrulate.

Hab. Ovampoland.

SAI af S.

PSAMMODES PLACIDUS

Niger sub-nitidus, elytra interdum in medio rufescentibus, palpis,

antennis tarsisque ferrugineis; caput parce punctulatum, inter

antennas transversim leviter impressum; prothorax ad medium

rotundato ampliatus, longtitudine fere quarto latior, basi apice haud

angustior, angulis anticis parum acuminatis, supra convexus, antice

parum deflexus, punctis haud profundis sat crebre obsitus, lateribus

acute marginatis ; elytra elongata, oblongo ovalia, antice latitudine

baseos prothoracis, medio thorace duplo latiora, apice modice

attenuata, supra convexa, a basi pone medium parce punctulata,

postice minute granulata, in singulo costulis discoidalibus plurimis

vagis saepeque obliteratis, margine laterali acuta, reflexa; pedes

validi, breves, rude profundeque punctati, breviter pilosuli ; processus

prosternalis in medio distincte emarginatus. Long. 26-28 mm. ;

lat. 12-15 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. 1-3 in medio ferrugineo-tomentosis.

Large examples of this species are not unlike P. grandis of medium

size, but the prothorax is not so wide, the elytra are narrower

and more convex, and the shape of the posternal process is very

different.

Hab. Transvaal (Johannesburg). A. Ross.

PSAMMODES EXILIS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis antennisque piceo - rufis; caput inter

antennas transversim impressum, sat profunde punctatum ; prothorax

longitudine fere tertio latior, in medio valde rotundato-ampliatus,

basi apice parum angustior, angulis anticis haud acuminatis, supra

sub-deplanatus, crebre subtiliterque ad latera profundius punctatus,

marginibus laterum modice carinatis, basi bi-impressa; elytra

elongata, versus apicem modice acuminata, antice latitudine

prothoracis equalia, breviter ampliata, medio prothorace tertio

latiora, supra modice convexa, granulis minutissimis postice

evanescentibus parce adspersa, costis tribus longitudinalibus

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 281

obsoletis, interdum obliteratis, in singulo predita, margine laterali

reflexa ; pedes sat validi, breves, glabriusculi, subtiliter punctati.

Long. 19-20 mm. ; lat. 8-9 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. 1-3 macula grisea vel ferruginea.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Port Alfred).

Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

PSAMMODES INCONGRUENS,

Plate VI., fig. 17.

Niger, nitidus, palpis, antennis tarsisque piceo-rufis ; caput inter

antennas arcuatim impressum, antice crebre, postice parce punctu-

latum; prothorax longitudine duplo latior, lateraliter rotundato

ampliatus, basi apice haud angustior, apice sinuatus, angulis acutis,

basi rectus, angulis obtusis, supra parum convexus, marginibus

laterum acutis, valde reflexis, punctulatus, ad latera scrobiculatus ;

elytra antice basi thoracis vix latiora, ab humeros ampliata, medio

thorace fere duplo latiora, postice parum attenuata, modice convexa,

antice crebre sed haud profunde punctulata, postice minute granulata,

costis tribus obsoletis antice obliteratis in singulo predita, margine

laterali acuta, distincte reflexa ; pedes modice validi, breves, rugosuli.

Long. 23-24 mm. ; lat. 12-13 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. 1-3 macula fulva.

A very distinct species owing to its broad prothorax with recurved

lateral margin; the shape of the elytra is nearly similar to that of

P. sub-costatus, Sol., but a little broader laterally near the base.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Alfred). Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

PSAMMODES CHILATUS,

Plate VI., fig. 16.

Niger, sub-nitidus, elytris rufo-ferrugineis ; caput prothoraxque

crebre punctati, punctis squamulis griseis repletis; hic ante medium

rotundato ampliatus, longitudine fere duplo latior, basi apice nonnihil

angustior, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis, punctis crebris,

sub-confluentibus, ad latera latioribus, omnibus squamulum inclu-

dentibus, obsitus, intra basim bi-impressus, vitta longitudinali media

denudata; elytra oblongo-ovalia, basi prothoracis maxima parte

haud latiora, medio nonnihil ampliata, prothorace tertio latiora,

convexa, vitta longitudinali juxta suturali plagisque elongatis,

angustis, flexuosis, dense griseo squamosis, notata, sutura inter-

282 Annals of the South African Museum.

stitiisque plagarum denudatis; pedes breves. Long. 17-20 mm. ;

lat. 8-9 mm.

g. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus in medio late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage). Rev. J. A.

O'Neil.

PSAMMODES GARIESUS.

Niger, opacus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis; caput antice

scrobiculatum, postice rude strigillatum; prothorax ad medium

rotundato ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior, basi sinuatus, apice

nonnihil angustior, angulis posticis fere rectis, anticis sub-prominulis,

supra sub-depressus, strigillatus, intra basim profunde bi-impressus ;

elytra oblongo-ovalia, antice prothoracis basi fere dimidio latior, ad

medium parum ampliata, convexa, granulatione minuta, sat densa,

obsita, granulis apice fere evanescentibus, margine acuta, a medio

apice sub-reflexa; pedes breves, rugosuli. Long. 23 mm.;_ lat.

114 mm.

$. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Garies, Namaqualand). G. Alston.

Easily distinguished owing to the lustreless black of the upper

part which is as dull as in P. verecundus. In general appearance

it is not unlike P. grandis, Sol., but it is narrower, the prothorax is

much more depressed, and the sculpture is different.

PSAMMODES PRASTANS.

Niger, vel nigro-piceus, sub-nitidus ; caput antice leviter scrobicu-

latum, vertice punctatum; prothorax ante medium rotundato

ampliatus, pone medium versus basim angustatus, basi apice

nonnihil angustior, angulis anticis acutis, prominentibus, supra

convexus, crebre profundeque punctatus, ad latera scrobiculatus,

punctis scrobisque omnibus cinereo squamosis, disco leviter bi-

foveolatus, intra basim profunde bi-impressus ; elytra oblongo-ovalia,

antice latitudine prothoracis, medio prothorace tertio latiora, convexa,

sutura elevata costisque tribus sub-carinatis, interiore breviore

utroque predita, interstitiis minutissime creberrimeque granulatis,

costis punctulatis, margine laterali acuta, sub-reflexa; pedes breves,

rugosi ; processus prosternalis apice dilatatus, profunde emarginatus.

Long. 21-26 mm. ; lat. 10-13 mm.

3g. Segm. abdom. secundo macula fulvo tomentosa.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage). Rev. J. A.

O'Neil.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 283

PSAMMODES MENDAX.

Niger, sub-nitidus supra crebre punctatus, punctis squamis griseis

repletis; caput crebre punctatum, inter antennas transversim

impressum ; prothorax ad medium rotundato ampliatus, basi apice

haud angustior, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis rectis, supra

convexus, crebre profundeque punctatus, ad latera fere scrobiculatus,

intra basim bi-impressus et in disco minute bi-foveolatus ; elytra

oblongo - ovalia, basi prothorace nonnihil latiora, supra convexa,

costis denudatis tribus, distincte elevatis, interiore breviore in singulo

preedita, interstitiis dense griseo squamosis, margine laterali

acuta, reflexa; pedes breves, sub-graciles; processus prosternalis

apice haud dilatatus neque emarginatus. Long. 20 mm.;_ lat.

94 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Albert). Dr. K. D. Kannemeyer.

Resembles the preceding species but is at once distinguished by

the shape of the prosternal process which is neither dilated nor

deeply emarginate at apex; the prothorax is also more regularly

ampliate towards the middle and not so much attenuate towards the

base, and there is only a faint trace of the two discoidal fovex ; the

elytra have the same sculpture, but they are a little less attenuate

at base.

PSAMMODES PERFIDUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, supra crebre punctatus, punctis griseo-

squamosis; caput ut in P. mendax; prothorax ante medium

aliquantulum ampliatus, supra modice convexus, crebre punctatus,

in disco vage bi-foveolatus, intra basim bi-impressus ; elytra oblongo-

ovalia, prothorace in medio fere duplo latiora, sutura costisque

denudatis tribus in singulo predita, interstitiis dense griseo

squamosis, margine laterali acuta, modice reflexa; pedes pro-

cessusque prosternalis ut in P. mendar. Long. 18 mm.; lat.

9mm.

This species is very closely allied to the preceding one, but differs

in the shape and sculpture of the prothorax which is a little narrower

and very little ampliated laterally in the anterior part ; the punctures

on the discoidal part are broader and deeper.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

PSAMMODES PROBUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, elytris postice vage eeneo-rufescentibus ; caput

284 Annals of the South African Museum.

crebre punctulatum ; prothorax amplus, longitudine tertio latior, basi

leviter sinuatus, distincte marginatus, sub-sinuatus, apice emarginatus,

angulis anticis acutis prominulisqus, posticis rectis, lateribus ad

medium rotundato-ampliatis, supra convexus, crebre punctulatus,

punctis ad latera vix distinctioribus: elytra obtuse ovata, medio

prothorace duplo latiora, postice parum acuminata convexa, pone

medium sub-abrupte declivia fere levia; pedes breves, rugosuli,

femoribus anticis clavatis, tibiisque ejusdem paris externe sinuatis ;

processus prosternalis ut in P. myrnuidon. Long. 21 mm.; lat.

14 mm.

The facies is less elongate than that of P. imyrmidon, owing to the

elytra being less attenuate laterally past the middle and more

abruptly dehiscent behind; the sculpture of the head and prothorax

is very different.

Hab. Transvaal (Barberton). H. Bottomley.

PSAMMODES LETHARGICUS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis antennisque ferrugineis; caput modice

punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine fere quarto latior, ante medium

leviter rotundato ampliatus, postice leviter attenuatus, basi apice

haud angustior, angulis anticis acutis, posticis rectis, supra modice

convexus, dorso crebre punctulatus, linea depressa brevi notatus, ad

latera scrobiculatus, intra basim distincte bi-impressus, marginibus

laterum tenuiter carinatis; elytra oblonga, postice sub-rotundata,

pone humeros nonnihil ampliata, prothorace in medio duplo latiora,

plus triplo longiora, tenuissime denseque granulata costulisque tribus

parum elevatis, sed intermedia distinctiore, utrinque predita, carina

marginali acuta, reflexa; pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosuli; pro-

cessus prosternalis dilatatus, apice modice emarginatus, sed angulis

acutis dentiformibus. Long. 26 mm. ; lat. 14 mm.

A very distinct species characterised by the elongate shape of the

elytra which are very little attenuate behind.

Hab. Cape Colony (Knysna). Dr. F. Purcell.

The species hereafter described belong to the group of Psammodes

(Ocnodes, Fahy.) scrobicollis, Fahy., characterised by oblong ovate

elytra, short legs with the anterior tibiee broad, sharply carinate and

sinuate outwardly, and moderately slender antenne.

The following table may help in distinguishing the species here

described :—

South African Coleopterous Fauna.

C.— PROTHORACIS LATERA AD MEDIUM PERPARUM AMPLIATA,

Prothorax totus granosus, elytra minute crebreque granulata ..

Prothorax crebre minuteque strigillatus ; elytra crebre sed vage

(omueOUEN, co on 60 60 00. 50 OD 00 50 am 4 Joo Jao

Prothorax punctato strigillatus ; elytra creberrime atque minute

granulosa Je NSaly hy Saeco G6 Pfaunl fda. Lobe Som are Gponieon

Prothorax elytraque confertim granulata; elytra opaca.. .. ..

Prothorax elytraque creberrime granulata; elytra nitida .. ..

Prothorax crebre punctatus, lateribus scrobiculatis; elytra sat

GUeOMRe. OUNKCURNI 4 Se oo oo oo ~o0 oa eo 95 sep, to. oC

B.—PrRorTHORACIS LATERA ANTE MEDIUM AMPLIATA, VERSUS BASIM

SENSIM ANGUSTATA, HAUD DEPLANATA,

Prothorax intra basim transversim impressus, confertim punc-

iabis, Ghikwoy lyewoNGOleiuc ga § po 60 05 00 Go oo a0 op Oo

Prothorax scrobiculatus, disci pars postica punctis distantibus

adspersa ; elytra antice punctis minutis adspersa .. .. .. «.

Prothorax crebre profundeque punctatus, lateribus granulatis ;

elytra crebre punctata So OH OG od 6a oo co dos OG ce

Prothorax conferte punctulata, ad basim minus attenuatus ; elytra

crebre minuteque granulosa .. .. .. 2. +6 «+ .22 se ee

Hilvirarhaudoranulosay is. ea ee es el ee oe

A.—PROTHORACIS LATERA ANTE MEDIUM MAGIS AMPLIATA, SUB-

DEPLANATA.

Prothorax in medio disci profunde punctatus, lateribus late

rudeque granulatis; elytra subtiliter rugosa 50 BO. CoO ob

Prothorax punctulatus, ad latera sub-rugosus ; elytra vitta suturali

lata ; elytra laxe granulosa bey Aare

Prothorax elytraque sat crebre punctulata St, pty. aeeoerece

myrmidon.

specularis.

vagus.

verecundus.

dubiosus.

vexator.

CcOnNSsOrs.

imitator.

sperabilis

congruens.

mendicus.

licitus.

similis.

dolosis.

286 Annals of the South African Museum.

PSAMMODES MYRMIDON.

Niger, sub-nitidus ; caput inter antennas transversim impressum,

scrobiculatum ; prothorax latitudine quarto longior, modice rotundato

ampliatus, basi sub-sinuatus, angulis posticis rotundatis, anticis valde

acutis prominulisque, supra convexus, antice paullo declivus, minute

scabrosus, basi lateribusque distincte marginatis, intra basim

breviter impressus ; elytra ovalia, medio prothorace duplo latiora,

supra convexa, postice modice declivia, granulis minutis crebre

adspersa, margine laterali acuta, reflexa; pedes breves, validi,

scabrosi, femoribus anticis sub-clavatis tibiisque ejusdem paris

externe sinuatis; processus prosternalis dilatatus, triangulus, apice

haud emarginatus. Long. 29 mm.; lat. 16 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. 3 primis late fulvo tomentosis.

Shape and general facies of P. scrobicollis ; the prothorax is more

convex, a little less broad and distinctly declivous in the anterior

part, and instead of being covered with deep and broad scrobiculate

punctures, it is finely shagreened ; the elytra instead of being nearly

smooth, with a few minute granules scattered about, are covered

with closely set and larger granules, and the apex of the pro-sternal

process is not deeply emarginate in the centre as in P. scrobicollis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Prieska).

PSAMMODES SPECULARIS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis, antennis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput

antice rude punctatum, vertice paullum strigillatum ; prothorax

longitudine latitudine tertio latior, lateribus fere pone medium modice

rotundato ampliatis, basi apice haud latior, angulis anticis acuminatis,

prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, convexus, ad basim leviter

depressus, totus marginatus, confertim strigillatus ; elytra ovalia,

antice prothorace basi nonnihil latiora, versus apicem sub-acuminata,

medio prothorace tertio latiora, convexa, postice longe dehiscentia,

margine laterali acuta, versus apicem sat reflexa, haud deplanata,

punctis crebris, vagis, apice evanescentibus obsita; pedes rugosuli,

breves, parce pubescentes. Long. 15 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla). Rev. H. Junod.

PSAMMODES VERECUNDUS.

Niger, opacus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis; caput minute

South African Coleopterous Fauna, 287

sranulosum, palporum maxillarum articulo ultimo securiformi ;

prothorax parum rotundato-ampliatus, longitudine tertio latior,

basi emarginatus angulis rotundatis, apice sub-sinuatus angulis

acutis, valde prominulis, totus distincte marginatus, supra convexus,

crebre distincteque granulosus, granulis elongatis ; elytra antice lati-

tudine baseos prothoracis, «qualia ad humeros ampliata, sub-ovalia,

versus apicem acuminata, supra convexa, postice longe dehiscentia

apiceque deplanata, crebre distincteque granulosa, granulis apice

minimis et sparsis, margine laterali acuta, reflexa; pedes breves,

rugosi, posticis intermedisque sub-gracilibus; antenne graciles.

Long. 15-24 mm.; lat. 8-13 mm.

g. Abdom. segment. tribus vel quatuor basalibus in medio late

errugineo tomentosis.

Easily recognised by the opaque colour of the upper side and the

very distinct granulation of the prothorax and elytra; in the small

examples from Namaqualand the posterior part of the elytra is more

abruptly dehiscent than in larger specimens from Damaraland.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Nolloth). L. Péringuey. Damaraland

(Walvish Bay).

PSAMMODES DUBIOSUS.

Niger, nitidus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput antice rugose

punctatum, postice granulatum ; prothorax fere ut in specie

precedente, sed magis parallelus, supra granulis rotundatis nonnihil

validioribus breviterque setiferis crebre obsitus; elytra ovalia,

versus apicem acuminata, medio prothorace tertio latiora,

convexa, longe dehiscentia, apice haud deplanata, margine laterali

acuta, crebre distincteque granulosa, granulis brevissime setiferis ;

pedes breves, rugosi. Long. 19 mm.; lat. 10 mm.

g. Pectore abdominisque segmentibus omnibus in medio fulvo

tomentosis.

Distinguished from the preceding species mainly by the more

rounded granules which are slightly wider apart on the prothorax,

and more closely set on the elytra; they are also very briefly

setigerous, and the marginal part of the apex is not depressed.

Hab. Damaraland (Angra Pequena).

PSAMMODES VEXATOR.

Brunneo niger, nitidus ; antennis ferrugineis, crassiusculis ; caput

antice late rudeque punctatum, postice strigillatum; prothorax

latitudine fere quarto longior, in medio paullum rotundato amphiatus,

288 Annals of the South African Museum.

apice leviter sinuatus, angulis anticis prominulis, posticis sub-rotun-

datis, basi recta, supra modice convexus, totus marginatus, in dorso

erebre profundeque punctatus, ad latera late scrobiculatus, scrobis

granulis minutissimis repletis; elytra ovalia, versus apicem

attenuata, supra convexa, postice dehiscentia, apice haud deplanata,

punctis sat crebris modice profundis adspersa, margine laterali acuta,

reflexa; pedes breves rugosi. Long. 20 mm.; lat. 10 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus in medio late fulvo tomentosis.

This species is differentiated from the following by the shape of

the elytra, which are narrower near the base; the prothorax is not

so much ampliated laterally and the punctures in the disk are more

closely set and do not coalesce in the anterior part.

Hab. ? Gambesia.

PSAMMODES VAGUS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, palpis antennis tarsisque ferrugineis; caput

rugose punctatum, inter antennas profunde transversim impressum ;

prothorax longitudine quarto latior, pone medium modice rotundato

amphatus, basi apice haud latior, sed angulis posticis distincte

rotundatis, anticis acutis, valde prominulis, punctis elongatsi

creberrime obsitus, lateribus granulatis; elytra ovata, antice

prothorace nonnihil, medio fere duplo latiora, convexa, postice

longe dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice perparum

deplanata, granulis minutis creberrime obsita; pedes breves, rugosuli,

parce pubescentes. Long 15-21 mm. ; lat. 8-11 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. quatuor basalibus late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Nolloth), L. Péringuey ; (Garies)

G. Alston. |

PSAMMODES CONSORS.

Niger, nitidus, palpis antennis pedibusque piceis ; caput antice

profunde punctatus, punctis postice subtilioribus ; prothorax

longitudine tertio latior, ante medium rotundato-ampliatus, versus

basim paullum attenuatus, basi apice haud angustior, angulis anticis

acutis, prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, supra convexus, totus

marginatus, punctis minutis creberrime obsitus, punctis ad latera

distinctioribus, medio disci bi-foveatus, intra basim anguste depressus

medioque minute bi-fossulatus; elytra ovalia, antice prothorace

nonnihil latiora, versus apicem attenuata, supra convexa, postice

modice dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice haud

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 289

deplanata, granulis minutissimis antice sat crebris, post medium

evanescentibus, obsita; pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosi, tibiis parum

pubescentibus. Long. 17 mm.; lat. 9 mm.

Easily distinguishable by the two shallow fovex of the prothorax.

Hab. Transvaal (Rustenburg). Miss Schunke.

PSAMMODES IMITATOR.

Niger, nitidus, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis; caput crebre

secrobiculatum ; prothorax ante medium rotundato amplatus, versus

basim paullum attenuatus, longitudine tertio latior, basi apice

haud angustior, angulis anticis validis, acutis, posticis sub-rotundatis,

totus marginatus, supra convexus, punctatus, punctis postice

haud confertis, ad latera scrobiculatus, scrobis granulis minutis

repletis ; elytra sub-ovalia, antice prothorace nonnihil, medio tertio

latiora, convexa, modice dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, valde

reflexa, ad apicem haud deplanata, puuctis minutis antice adspersa ;

pedes breves, sub-validi, rugosi, tibiis intermediis posticisque

pubescentibus; processus prosternalis antice emarginatus. Long.

16-18 mm. ; lat. 9-10 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus, etiam metathorace interdum,

in medio late fulvo pubescentibus.

Evidently closely allied to P. scrobicollis, Fihr., and might prove

to be only very small examples of that species.

Hab. Cape Colony (Vaal River). L. Péringuey.

PSAMMODES SPERABILIS.

Niger, nitidus, labro, palpis antennisque ferrugineis ; capite

antice rude profundeque punctatum, postice strigillatum ; prothorax

ut in P. «mitatore sed versus basim nonnihil magis attenuatus, supra

convexus, totus marginatus, supra-crebe distincteque punctatus, ad

latera granulosus; elytra ovalia, antice prothorace paullum

angustiora, medio fere duplo latiora, convexa, postice modice

dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice nonnihil deplanata,

punctis minutissimis brevissime setiferis crebre obsita. Long.

18 mm.; lat. 10 mm.

3. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus metathoraceque in medio

fulvo tomentosis.

Differs from P. imitator in the sculpture of the prothorax, which is

only punctate in the centre and granulose laterally ; the elytra are

290 Annals of the South African Museum.

also a little more narrowed near the base, and the prosternal

process is not emarginate.

Hab. Ovampoland (Omarramba). A. W. Hriksson.

PSAMMODES CONGRUENS,

Niger, sub-opacus, antennis, palpis pedibusque rufo piceis ; capite

antice profunde punctato, vertice sub-strigillato ; prothorax fere ad

~ medium rotundato ampliatus, basi apiceque leviter sinuatus, angulis

anticis acutis prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, convexus,

totus marginatus, margine laterali sub-serrulata, punctis minutis

confertim obsitus, lateribus leviter scrobiculato-rugosis ; elytra

ovalia, versus apicem paullum attenuata, antice prothorace

nonnihil angustiora, medio tertio latiora, convexa, postice modice

dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice haud deplanata,

antice crebre minuteque granulosa, granulis post medium obliteratis ;

pedes breves, rugosuli, parum pubescentes. Long. 14 mm. ;

lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Ramoutsa). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

PSAMMODES MENDICUS.

Nigro brunneus, nitidus, palpis, antennis tarsisque piceo-rufis,

elytra vitta suturali rufescente ; caput antice profunde punctatum,

vertice rude strigillatum ; prothorax longitudine latitudine fere ade-

quans, antice modice rotundato ampliatus, versus basim evidenter

attenuatus sed basi apice latitudine equalis, angulis anticis acutis,

haud prominulis, posticis sub-rotundatis, convexus, totus marginatus,

punctis sat minutis crebre obsitus, ad latera densioribus; elytra

ovata, convexa, postice modice dehiscentia, antice latitudine baseos

thoracis, medio prothorace tertio latior, tota levia, margine laterali

acuta, leviter reflexa, apice haud deplanata ; pedes breves, sub-validi,

parum pubescentes. Long. 12-13 mm.; lat. 6-7 mm.

The prothorax is more attenuate laterally towards the base than

in any of the closely allied species.

Hab. Ovampoland (Umbe, Okovango River). A. W. Eriksson.

PSAMMODES LICITUS.

Brunneo niger, sub-opacus, palpis, antennis, tibiis tarsisque

ferrugineis ; caput rude profundeque punctatum ; prothorax

longitudine fere duplo latior, ante medium yalde_ rotundato

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 291

amplatus, pone medium diagonaliter attenuatus, basi apice nonnihil

latior, angulis posticis rectis, anticis valde prominulis, parum

convexus, lateribus deflexis, leviter marginatus, in medio disci

profunde crebreque punctatus, ad latera late sed minute scrobiculatus;

elytra antice latitudine prothoracis, late ovalia, medio prothorace

quarto latiora, versus leviter attenuata, modice rotundata, supra

convexa, postice dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta distincte reflexa,

postice haud deplanata, rugosula, granulis minimis nonnulis

adspersa, costulis vix distinctis utrimque predita, sutura vage

rufescente ; pedes breves, rugosuli, parce pubescentes. Long.

15-18 mm. ; lat. 9-114 mm.

In this species the prothorax is more ampliated laterally than in

any other species of this group.

Hab. Gambesia; Buluwayo (F. C. Selous); between the

Limpopo and Zambesi Rivers (T. Ayres).

PSAMMODES SIMILIS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput antice

late, vertice minute punctatum ; prothorax longitudine tertio latior,

ante medium rotundato ampliatus, pone medium diagonaliter

attenuatus, basi apice nonnihil latior, angulis posticis fere rectis,

anticis acutis, prominulis, antice lateraliterque marginatus, dorso

modice convexus lateribus sub-deplanatis, crebre minuteque

punctatus, ad latera rugosus; elytra ovalia, prothoracis bast

latitudine equalia, medio parum ampliata, versus apicem modice

attenuata, margine laterali acuta, vix reflexa, apice haud deplanata,

supra convexa, postice sat longe dehiscentia ; sat crebre minute

granulata, vitta suturali sat lata, distincta, sanguinea ; pedes breves,

rugosuli, vix pubescentes.

g. Segm. abdom. tribus basalibus in medio late fulvo tomentosis.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury, Mesahi River). G. A. K. Marshall.

Differs from the preceding in the shape of the prothorax, which

is not quite as much ampliated before the median part, the punctures

on the median part are not so deep nor quite as broad, and the sides

are rugose rather than scrobiculate ; the elytra are more elongate

and not so wide, the sutural band is also more distinct.

PSAMMODES DOLOSUS.

Niger, nitidus, antennis, palpis tarsisque ferrugineis ; caput crebre

rudeque punctatum ; prothorax longitudine fere duplo latior, apice

292 Annals of the South African Musewm.

sensim sinuatus, totus marginatus, sed parte antica laterum magis

acuta, basi apice haud latior, angulis posticis rotundatis, convexus,

crebre punctatus, punctis lateralibus vix magis distinctis; elytra

antice prothorace nonnihil latiora, medio perparum ampliata,

prothorace tertio latiora, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, apice haud

deplanata, supra conyexa, postice modice dehiscentia, punctis

minutissimis, crebris tota obsita ; pedes breves, rugosuli, fere glabri.

Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 10 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). T. Ayres.

PSAMMODES INQUINATUS.

Niger, indumento terreno supra dense vestitus, confertim pilosus,

pilis brevibus, erectis, subtus breviter pubescens; articulis antennarum

duobus ultimis, palpis tarsisque ferrugineis; prothorax longitudine

duplo latior, rotundato ampliatus, ad medium laterum angulatus,

basi apice nonnihil latior, angulis anticis sub-prominulis, posticis

rotundatis, supra modice convexus, pilis brevibus densis, erectis,

indumento fere occultis, vestitus; elytra basi prothorace nonnihil,

medio tertio latiora, versus apicem modice acuminata, dorso antice

nonnihil deplanata postice breviter dehiscentia, apice haud deplanata,

pilis brevibus erectis indumentum excedentibus confertim seriatis,

seriebus approximatis, dense vestita; subtus breviter griseo-pubescens

abdomen valde convexum ; pedes breves, setosi, sub-validi, tibiis

anticis calcaribus longis acutis. Long. 11 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

g. Abdom. segm. quatuor basalibus latissime brunneo pubes-

centibus.

This species, and also the following, differ somewhat in general

appearance from the other South African Psammodes. The antennee

and also the spurs of the fore tibiae are as in Ocnodes, Fahr., but in

the g the abdomen is more convex.

Hab. Zambesia (? Victoria Falls).

PSAMMODES FORTUITUS.

Niger, opacus, nonnunquam indumento fusco supra obtectus,

pilis griseis dense vestitus ; antennis, palpis pedibusque ferrugineis ;

caput ut in P. inquinato ; prothorax longitudine duplo latior, ad

medium laterum rotundato ampliatus, basi nonnihil sinuatus, apice

basi nonnihil angustior angulis anticis sub-prominulis, posticis

rotundatis, totus marginatus, marginibus laterum reflexis, crebre

punctulatus, pilis griseis brevibus sub-decumbentibus, sed intra mar-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 293

ginem lateralem longioribus atque rigidioribus, sat dense adspersus,

supra modice convexus ; elytra ovalia, apice acuminata, antice pro-

thorace nonnihil angustiora, medio quarto latiora, supra convexa,

sutura leviter depressa, postice longe dehiscentia, apice haud

deplanata, crebre punctulata pilisque rigidis griseis seriatis dense

vestita ; pedes corpusque subtus ut in P. inquinato. Long. 8 mm. ;

lat. 4-44 mm.

g. Abdom. segment. quatuor basalibus latissime brunneo

pubescentibus.

Smaller than the preceding, and with the elytra more ovate and

more acuminate at tip. Im some examples the upper part is

covered with the same indumentum as in P. inquinatus.

Hab. Ovampoland. <A. W. Eriksson.

OGRABIES, nov. gen.

Mentum sub-trapeziforme ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo late

securiformi ; labrum transversum ; epistoma capite vix angustius,

marginatum, nonnihil reflexum a capite linea arcuata disjunctum ;

oculi sub-prominuli ; antennz breves, prothoracis basim haud

attingentes, articulis 5-8 turbinatis, 9-10 monilibus, equalibus,

11 preecedenti haud latiore sed dimidio longiore, sub-moniliformi ;

thorax elytris contiguis, apice basique sinuatus lateribus anticis

haud prominulis, posticis rotundatis, longitudine duplo latior ;

scutellum breve, acutum ; elytra elongato ovalia, basi prothorace

nonnihil latiora, convexa, postice dehiscentia, apice attenuata ;

epipleura angustissima, apice ampliata ; sternum ut in Psammode ;

pedes breves, femoribus apice canaliculatis, femoribus anticis

intermediisque compressis, laminatis, apice dilatatis, anticis externe

valde sinuatis, interne longe pilosis; tarsi omnes infra longe

pilosi.

A Psammode precipue differt articulo ultimo palporum maxil-

larum valde securiformi, articulis ultimis antennarum monilibus,

tibiis anticis intermediisque laminatis, apice dilatatis tarsisque infra

longe pilosis.

OGRABIES SINGULARIS.

Caput, prothorax pedesque brunneo-rufescentes, nitidi; elytra

nitida, flava fere pelucida ; caput laxe punctulatum, antice

profunde impressum, epistoma vix attenuatum, longitudine fere

triplo latius, antice sinuatum a capite linea arcuata disjunctum :

antennarum articuli quatuor ultimi flavescentes ; prothorax longi-

294 Annals of the South African Museum.

tudine duplo latior, antice posticeque sinuatus, angulis anticis haud

prominulis, lateraliter modice rotundatus, ad basim perparum

ampliatus, basi apice nonnihil latior, lateribus late rotundatis,

distincte marginatus, sub-depressus ; scutellum triangulum ; elytra

antice prothorace nonnihil latiora, triplo longiora, elongato-ovata,

medio prothorace fere duplo latiora, convexa, postice longe

dehiscentia, margine laterali tenui, apice haud deplanata, vage

striata, striis angustis laxissime punctulatis, interstitiis fere levibus ;

corpus subtus brunneum, pectus punctulatum, pilosum, abdomen

leve, glabrum; pedes breves fere haud punctulati, interne pilosi ;

tarsi sat longi, infra longe pilosi. Long. 114 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. The sandy shores of Namaqualand (Port Nolloth, Ograbies).

L. Péringuey.

Gen. HYPOMELUS, Solier.

Solier has made two divisions in this genus which has not been

generally accepted, but by restricting it to the species which present

the characteristics given here, and which he included in his first

division, they form a very homogeneous and distinct genus

characterised as follows :—

Mentum ut in Psammode, palpi crassiusculi, articulo maxillare

ultimo late securiformi; antenne graciles, articulis elongatis, 9-10

magis minusque conicis, ultimo ovato, acuminato; oculi supra valde

prominentes ; prothorax lateribus refiexis, angulis posticis retrorsum

productis ; elytra elongata, costulata, apice singulatim acuminata,

abdominis segmentis maris in medio haud tomentosis ; pedes modice

elongati.

The type of the genus is H. sabulosus, Sol.

HYPOMELUS SERVUS.

Niger, pilis cinereis brevibus adspersus, palpis antennisque piceo-

rufescentibus, his pilosulis; caput depressum, inter antennas

profunde impressum, crebre punctulatum ; prothorax basi apiceque

latitudine fere adzquans, lateribus in medio sub-angulatis, margine

laterali obliqua, recta, postica sub-sinuata, angulis posticis retrorsum

productis, intra marginem basis transverse impressus, supra fere

planus, marginibus reflexis, crebre punctulatus, brevissime pubescens;

elytra humeris obliquis, valde reflexis, pone humeros sinuata, deinde

oblonga, postice obtuse attenuata, supra conyexa, sutura modice

elevata costisque tribus, interiore breviore, ante apicem abbreviatis

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 295

utrinque preedita, margine laterali carinata, interstitiis parce

pubescentibus, costis apiceque longius pilosis; pedes sub-graciles,

modice elongati, pubescentes. Long. 13-15 mm ; lat. 6-7 mm.

The shape of the prothorax is not unlike that of P. flagrans, but it

is a little less aculeate laterally in the middle; the outer posterior

margins are less recurved, and the basal one less arcuate ; the elytra

are not villose, and the costw are very distinct. It is generally

covered with an earthy indumentum, and is on the whole closely

allied to H. sabulosus, Sol.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham’s Town, Somerset Hast, Hast

London).

HypoMELUS PLAUSIBILIS.

Niger, opacus; supra fere glaber; antenne, palpi pedibusque

rufescentibus ; caput epistomaque scrobiculata, hoc deflexum, antice

profunde transversim impressum, oculi convexi, prominentes ;

prothorax apice basique sinuatus, lateribus in medio sub-angulatim

dilatatis, latitudine maxima duplo brevior, sub-depressus, marginibus

laterum acutis valdeque reflexis, plicis brevibus longitudinalibus

confertim obsitus, medio linea longitudinali evanescente ; elytra

basi prothoracis latitudine maxima latiora, deinde vix ampliata,

postice modice angustata, sub-convexa, postice deflexa, sutura parum

elevata, costa dorsali carinata apicem haud attingente costisque

duabus insterstitialibus humilioribus post medium evanescentibus

utrinque predita, margine laterali acuta ad humeros valde reflexa,

interstitiis vage rugulosis granulisque sub-setiferis aliquot adspersis;

pedes modice elongati, tibiis posticis sinuatis; corpus subtus

brevissime pilosum. Long. 17 mm.; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Ceres). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

A distinct species which cannot be compared with any other.

HyYPpoMELUS FLAGRANS,

Plate VL., fig. 12.

Niger, supra longe pilosa pubeque terrena vestita ; caput depressum,

ab epistoma haud disjunctum, rugosum; oculi prominentes ;

antenne graciles, articulis longe pilosis ; prothorax apice posticeque

arcuatum sinuatus, ab apice ad medium diagonaliter productus, deinde

ad basim attenuatus, ubi apice fere duplo latior, lateribus acutis,

anticis fere rectis, posticis sub-sinuatis, valde reflexis angulis basis

retrorsum productis, apice rotundatis; elytra humeris obliquis, ab

humeros apice fere oblonga, medio prothorace dimidio latiora, apice

296 Annals of the South African Musewm.

singulatim aculeata, modice divaricata, longe irregulariterque serrata,

supra convexa, rude profundeque punctata, sutura elevata margineque

laterali valde reflexa, costulis duabus e pilis pubeque densioribus

formatis in singulo instructa; pedes elongati, breviter sed dense

pilosi; corpus subtus punctulatum, tenuiter terreno pubescens.

Long. 18 mm.; lat. 8 mm.

This species is easily distinguishable owing to the thick, earthy

pubescence and long villose hairs, which cover the whole upper part

and which form on the elytra two distinct coste on each side of

the disk; the sutural part of the apex is deeply incised but not

divaricate, and has on each side five outer distinct short teeth.

Hab. ? Cape Colony.

PSAMMODOPHYSIS, nov. gen.

Cum descriptione gen. Psammodes in plurimis convenit sed

differt antennis gracilioribus magisque pubescentibus, oculis valde

prominentibus, articuloque ultimo palporum mazxillarum sub-

cylindrico, apice truncato, haud securiformi; pedes graciles,

elongati, tibiis postices flexis.

Psammodes longicornis, Kirb., must also be included in this genus.

PSAMMODOPHYSIS PROBES.

Niger, sub-opacus; antennis, palpis, labro pedibusque rufescen-

tibus; caput depressum, fronte rugosula, ab epistoma haud

disjuncta, illo punctulato; prothorax ante medium rotundato

ampliatus, antice truncatus angulis acuminato-productis, basi fere

rectus in medio longitudine fere duplo latior, supra parum convexus

subtiliter coriaceus, lateribus sub-depressis margineque laterali

antica distincte reflexa; elytra antice thoracis basi haud latiora,

humeris obliquis, pone humeros haud sensim ampliata, at medio illo

tertio latiora, supra convexa, subtiliter granulata, sutura elevata

costisque tribus sub-elevatis, apicem haud attingentibus, utrinque

preedita, margine laterali acute carinata atque ad humeros recurya,

epipleura levia; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo truncato, haud

securiformi. Long. 21 mm.; lat. 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Little Namaqualand). G. Alston.

TRACHYNOTIDUS, nov. gen.

Trachynoto simillimus, ab eo precipue differt segmentis abdominis

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 297

y }

maris in medio pubescentibus; caput modice deflexum; oculi

reniformes, prominuli; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo triangulo ,

antennz graciles, articulo 3° duobus sequentibus simul sumtis

longiore, 4°-7° longitudine sub-zqualibus, 3°-10° obconicis, 11°

ovato ; prothorax elytris dimidio angustior, basi fere recta, angulis

postice sub-acute productis; elytra elongata, ad medium ampliata,

postice acuminata, supra granulosa; pedes graciles, longi, tibis

posticis sinuatis. Mas.: abdominis segmentis basalibus tribus in

medio tomentosis.

Hardly different in shape from some species of Trachynotus,

but in the g the three, and sometimes also the fourth, abdominal

segments are clothed in the centre with a brownish pubescence not

quite so thick or so distinct as in Psammodes ; in Trachynotus there

is no such pubescence. The eyes are also more prominent.

The types of the genus are 7. (Psammodes) thoreyi, Haag, and

T’. (Clinocranton) alstoni, Per.

TRACHYNOTIDUS MANIFESTUS.

Niger, opacus, elytrorum sutura, carina discoidali, vittis duabus

margineque laterali rufescentibus ; caput inter antennas profunde

impressum, crebre minuteque granulatum; prothorax angustus,

ante medium sub-angulatim dilatatus, longitudine quarto latior,

crebre granulatus; elytra elongata, humeris obliquis, ad humeros

prothoracis latitudine maxima fere duplo latiora, in medio ampliata

ubique basi duplo latiora, deinde acuminata, supra convexa, granulis

distinctis adspersa, carina discoidali valida, apicem haud attingente

in singulo predita, sutura haud elevata, margine laterali acuta;

pedes longi, graciles. Long. 17-20 mm. ; lat. 7-9} mm.

In shape and size this species is closely allied to 7. (Clinocranion)

alstom, but the granules of the prothorax and elytra are very much

smaller, and hardly distinct in comparison.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand). G. Alston.

TRACHYNOTIDUS COGNATUS.

Niger, opacus, caput inter antennas profunde impressum, crebre,

minute granulatum; prothorax longitudine fere quarto latior, ad

medium valde angulatim dilatatus, lateribus anticis fere rectis,

posticis sinuatis, supra parum convexus, intra basim leviter trans-

versim impressus, crebre granulatus; elytra ut in 7. manifesto,

carina discoidali acuta sub-ferruginea, apicem haud attingente, in

298 Annals of the South African Museum.

singulo preedita, sutura haud elevata, margine laterali acuta; pedes

longi, graciles. Long. 19 mm. ; lat. 94 mm.

Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguishable by

the much broader and more hexagonal prothorax; the elytra are of

the same shape and sculpture, but there is hardly any trace of the

two reddish lines on each side of the discoidal carina.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Taungs). G. Alston.

TRACHYNOTIDUS EXIMIUS.

Niger, opacus, prothoracis margine lateralr, costis margineque

elytrorum ferrugineo rufescentibus; caput prothoraceque crebre

profunde atque rugose punctati; hic amplatus in medio sub-angulatim

dilatatus, longitudine tertio latior; elytra pone humeros modice

ampliata, in medio basi tertio latiora, versus apicem acuminata,

supra depressa postice convexa decliviaque, granulis minutis crebre

obsita; costis tribus parum elevatis apicem haud attingentibus

utrinque predita, sutura haud elevata. Long. 19-21 mm.;

lat. 8-10 mm.

The prothorax is as broad as in the preceding species, but it is

not so angular in the middle, and the lateral margin is not at all

sinuate in the posterior part ; the elytra are depressed in the central

part for a short distance from the suture, and instead of there being

a sharp carina on each side, there are three blunt, moderately broad,

ferruginous raised lines which cease before reaching the posterior

declivity ; the surface is covered with sparse and minute granules.

Hab. Cape Colony (Calvinia, O’Kiep). L. Péringuey.

Gen. TRACHYNOTUS, Latr.

TRACHYNOTUS NITENS.

Aineus, nitidus, prothorace elytrisque glabris, labrum pilosum,

caput inter antennas transversim profunde impressum, deflexum,

vertice punctulatum, oculi ovati, distincte emarginati; prothorax ad

medium angulatim dilatatus, longitudine dimidio latior, basi apiceque

truncatus, supra parum convexus, lateribus tenuiter marginatis, crebre

punctulatis, disco levi; elytra elongata, antice basi thoracis haud

sensim latiora pone humeros modice ampliata, medio prothorace

dimidio latiora, et triplo longiora, deinde versus apicem valde

acuminata, modice convexa, sutura usque ad apicem elevata

costisque duabus utrinque preedita, exteriore distincte carinata,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 299

apicem haud attingente, interiore humiliore and breviore, margine

laterali reflexa, carinata; rudimento coste tertia a medio ad

apicem magis conspicuo; epipleura angusta, canaliculata, fere levia ;

pectus prosternumque griseo pilosa, pedes elongati, graciles, tibiis

posticis sinuatis. Long. 16-17 mm.; lat. 6-7 mm.

Hal. Cape Colony (Garies). M. Schlechter.

A very distinct species but not unlike in general facies 7’.

acununatus.

TRACHYNOTUS HAAGI,

Plate VI., fig. 18.

Niger, opacus, elytris sub-nitidis, prothorace elytrisque glabris ;

caput deflexum, inter antennas profounde transversim impressum,

sparse punctulatum, epistoma labrumque pilosa, oculi magni, antice

emarginati; prothorax ab apice ante medium dilatatus, postice

leviter attenuatus, apice basique truncatus, latitudine maxima

dimidio brevior, supra parum convexus marginibus acutis a medio

reflexis, confertim punctulatus, disco in medio, linea brevi impresso ;

elytra elongata, humeris sub-rotundatis, medio prothorace vix dimidio

latiora, fere triplo longiora, postice valde acuminata, supra vix

convexa, carina suturali integra costaque discoidali fere apicem

attingente acute elevatis, margine laterali acuta, reflexa, interstitiis

granulis acutis irregulariter tri-seriatis obsitis ; corpus subtus griseo

pilosum; pedes elongati, graciles, pubescentes, tibiis posticis

sinuatis. Long. 16 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Pella). G. Alston.

I do not know of any other species to which 7. haagi could be

compared.

TRACHYNOTUS ADVENTITUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, glaber ; caput punctulatum, deflexum, antice

profunde transversim impressum, medio leviter suleatum ; prothorax

apice basique truncatus, lateribus rotundato ampliatis, latitudine

maxima fere duplo brevior, supra parum convexus, crebre aciculatus,

lateribus haud deplanatis, marginatis, medio obsolete canaliculato ;

elytra elongata, antice prothoracis basi haud latiora, pone humeros

ampliata, medio prothoracis latitudine maxima dimidio (¢) vel triplo

(2) latiora, fere triplo longiora, postice modice acuminata, granulis

acutis sat confertim obsita, carina suturali apicem attingente

alteraque discoidali ante apicem abbreviata, in singulo preedita,

margine laterali acuta, reflexa; epipleura levia, in medio canaliculata ;

300 Annals of the South African Museum.

corpus subtus brevissime pilosum; pedes elongati, tenues, pubes-

centes, tibiis posticis sinuatis. Long. 16-18 mm.; lat. 7-9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Garies). M. Schlechter.

Not unlike in general facies 7. Wahlbergi, Haag., but the pro-

thorax is not so sharply aculeate laterally, nor so much shagreened,

and the intervals on the elytra are granulose instead of being

roughly scrobiculate.

TRACHYNOTUS RUSTICUS.

Niger, opacus, glaber ; caput crebre sed haud profunde punctula-

tum ; prothorax basi apiceque truncatus, medio sub-angulatim dila-

tatus, fere hexagonus, longitudine quarto latior, parum convexus,

crebre punctulatus, intra basim obsolete transversim impressus,

linea longitudinali media apice posticeque abbreviata ; elytra elongato

ovata, basi prothorace nonnihil angustiora, medio ampliata, ubi pro-

thorace duplo latiora, versus apicem acuminata, supra modice convexa,

crebre granulata, sutura elevata, preter carinam lateralem, reflexam,

costis sub-acutis discoidalibus duabus alteraque externali vix distincta

apicem haud attingentibus in singulo preedita; subtus brevissime

pubescens ; pedes sat graciles, brevissime pubescentes. Long. 13-

14 mm. ; lat. 6—7 mm.

Somewhat of the same shape as 7’. acuminatus, Queens., but with

more ovate elytra, also acuminate behind, but a little more convex

and with less sharp dorsal carine.

Hab. Cape Colony (Malmesbury), R. M. Lightfoot.

TRACHYNOTUS PLICIPENNIS.

Niger, sub-nitidus, pube brevissima terrena vestitus ; caput crebre

aciculatum, parum deflexum, in medio longe sulcatum, inter-antennas

profunde transversim impressum, epistoma labroque longius pilosa,

oculi ovati, antice profunde emarginati; prothorax aciculatus, a parte

tertia usque ad basim rotundato ampliatus, antice leviter attenuatus,

truncatus, basi in medio truncata angulis retrorsum productis,

parum convexus, lateribus sub-declivis margineque laterum acuta,

haud reflexa, intra basim profunde transversim impressus ; elytra a

basi prope medium leviter ampliata, deinde attenuata, apice haud

acuminata, in medio prothoracis latitudine maxima magis quam tertio

latiora, supra modice convexa, sutura elevata, costis duabus, interiore

breviore, apicem haud attingentibus margineque laterali carinatis in

singulo preedita, interstitiis reticulatis ; corpus subtus breviter griseo-

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 301

tomentosum ; pedes breviores, pubescentes. Long. 19-22 mm. ; lat.

10-11 mm.

A distinct species, belonging to the group of 7’. pilosus, Haag; T.

silphoides, Fahr.; T. levis, Fahr., &c. The elytra, however, are more

elongate, although equally broad, and not at all acuminate behind,

and the intervals have a very distinct reticulation, less marked, how-

ever, in the female than in the male: in the former sex the two

dorsal costz unite at about two-thirds of the length, and are pro-

longed a little further as a single raised line, while in the male the

inner one is much the shorter of the two.

Hab. Transvaal (Middelburg, Barberton, Leydenburg).

TRACHYNOTUS LUTULENTUS.

Niger, opacus, pube densa ochracea vestitus ; caput sub-deflexum,

inter antennas haud profunde impressum, oculi elongati, emarginati ;

prothorax latus, hexagonus, apice sub-truncatus, basi leviter emar-

ginatus, marginibus laterum acutis sed haud reflexis, supra parum

convexus, intra basim profunde transversim impressus ; elytra basi

prothoracis latitudine maxima latiora, triplo longiora, deinde vix

ampliata, postice modice angustata, sub-convexa, post medium deflexa,

preter suturam angustam vix elevatam, costa dorsali, humili, post

medium evanescente costulaque undosa, obsoleta, utrinque predita,

margine laterali acuta, ad humeros valde reflexa, interstitiis aciculatis,

tomentosis ; pedes sub-elongati, pubescentes ; corpus subtus punctu-

latum brevissime pilosum. Long. 114 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

Hab, Transvaal (Leydenburg). TT. Ayres.

Allied to T. funestus, Fahy., but more massive; the upper part of

the body is covered with a similar ochreous, extremely short pubes-

cence; the prothorax is of the same shape but broader, and has a

deep basal transverse impression reaching nearly from side to side,

the elytra are not so acuminate and have a wavy ridge between the

dorsal carina and the outer ‘margin which is not noticeable in

T. funestus.

TRACHYNOTUS TANTILLUS.

Niger, opacus ; prothorax breviter griseo-pubescens ; elytris pilis

brevissimis sub-erectis dense obtectis ; caput crebre punctulatum ;

prothorax longitudine tertio latior, apicem versus angustatus, pone

medium late rotundato ampliatus, basi leviter sinuatus, angulis anticis

posticisque rectis, parum convexus, margine laterali acuta; elytra

302 Annals of the South African Museum.

basi utrinque sinuata, antice prothorace distincte latiora, magis quam

duplo longiora, medio fere latitudine baseos «qualia, pone medium

versus apicem modice attenuata, supra antice nonnihil convexa, ad

latera baseos utroque impressa, margine laterali acuta, ad humeros

distincte reflexa, dorso utrinque vagissime tri-costato ; subtus tenuis-

sime griseo-pubescens ; pedes sub-graciles, breves, tenuiter griseo-

pubescentes. Long. 104 mm.; lat. 54mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Potchefstroom). 'T. Ayres.

TRACHYNOTUS MERACUS.

Niger, opacus; caput sat crebre punctulatum, antice breviter

griseo-pubescens ; antennz griseo pubescentes ; prothorax longitu-

dine tertio latior, apice basique fere truncatus, ad medium laterum

distincte angulatim amplatus, basi apice haud latior, angulis pos-

ticis nonnihil retrorsum prominulis, supra modice convexus, intra

basim ad latera utrinque impressus, subtilissime punctulatus, impres-

sionibus posticis griseo tomentosis; elytra oblongo-ovalia, antice

prothorace basi haud latiora, humeris oblique rotundatis, medio

prothorace quarto latiora, fere triplo longiora, versus apicem sub-

acuminata, sutura elevata preterea, carina laterali costisque acutis

tribus, interiore breviore, secunda carinata cxeterisque Magis conspicua

in singulo preedita, superficie vix rugosula, vitta angusta pubescente

juxta suturali, alteraque lata, supra laterali griseo-albidis; subtus

pedesque dense sed breviter griseo-pubescentes. Long. 13 mm. ;

lat. 6 mm.

The nearest ally of this species is 7. dubius, Per., but it differs in

the shape of the prothorax, which is distinctly angular laterally in

the middle; the pubescence on the elytra is also of a different

pattern.

Hab. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam). C. L. Leipoldt.

Gren. ECHINOTUS, Sol.

ECHINOTUS DISPAR.

Niger, indumento terreno-ochraceo dense obtectus; caput vertice

deplanatum, rugosum ; antenne breviter pubescentes ; prothorax vix

latior quam longior, rotundato-ampliatus, basi apice perparum latior,

angulis posticis acutis, retrorsum prominulis, margine laterali serru-

lata, supra gibbosus, callis duobus validis acute granulatis in medio

instructis, parte -antica apicis callosa, granulata, parte postica

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 303

carinula brevissima in medio instructa, basi ipsa transversim im-

pressa, margine crassa, recurva; elytra humeris valde obliquis, pone

humeros prothorace duplo latiora, deinde longe post medium parallela,

ubi versus apicem acuminata, supra sat convexa, postice sat longe

dehiscentia, sutura elevata preeterea, carina laterali acuta postice

serrulata, medium declivitatis attingente carinisque duabus discoida-

libus longe ante apicem coherentibus atque in lineam acutam cum

carina laterali connexam continuatis in singulo przedita, interstitiis

late clathratis ; subtus pedesque dense ochraceo pubescentes. Long.

14 mm. ; lat. 7mm.

Hab, ? Zambesia.

Very distinct from E, spinicollis, Sol.

Tre OPATRINI.

Gren. ANOMALIPUS, Guér.

ANOMALIPUS AGRESTIS.

Niger, nitidus, interstitiis elytrorum punctisque prothoracis squamis

terrenis vel griseis repletis ; caput antice sub-rotundatum, in medio

distincte excisum ; prothorax longitudine duplo latior, valde rotun-

dato-ampliatus, apice in circulum emarginatus angulis anticis acutis,

lateribus deplanato marginatis, basi apice quarto latior, angulis pos-

ticis retrorsum acute productis, supra parum convexus, punctis pro-

fundis, interstitiis in medio disci areolas irregulares formantibus, sat

dense obsitus ; elytra antice prothoracis basi haud latiora, ab humeros

pone medium nonnihil ampliata, ubi vix quarto latiora, in dorso

deplanata, postice distincte inflexa, fere verticalia, sutura ele-

vata costisque sub-glabris tribus nonnihil carinatis, preter carinam

lateralem in singulo preedita, interstitiis utroque minute granulatis

tuberculisque parum elevatis, sub-rotundatis costam breviorem fere

formantibus in medio seriatis ; pedes sat robusti, tibiis anticis sim-

plicibus, externe bi-dentatis 9. Long. 25mm.; lat. 15 mm.

Belongs to the same group as A. mastodon, and urus, Fahr., and

also dentipes, Fabric. It approximates more the former in general

facies, but is easily recognised by the coarser and more irregular

punctuation of the prothorax; the interstitial costa on the elytra is

not as carinate as in A. dentipes, and consists more of a series of

somewhat closely set rounded tubercles.

Hab. Transvaal (Heidelberg). H, Bottomley.

304 Annals of the South African Museum.

ANOMALIPUS TURPIS.

Niger, indumento terreno nonnunquam vestitus; caput crebre

profundeque punctatum, antice profunde excisum; prothorax longi-

tudine fere duplo latior, valde rotundato ampliatus, lateribus deflexus,

ad basim incisus, angulis posticis acutis a incisura longe retrorsum

ductis, apice in circulum emarginatus, basi apice fere duplo latior,

leviter bi-sinuatus, supra nonnihil convexus, crebre angusteque scro-

biculatus, circa medium disci areolis parvis duabus notatus, intra

basim ad angulos utrinque leviter impressus; elytra antice pro-

thoracis baseos haud latiora, pone humeros parum amplhata, pro-

thorace duplo longiora, in medio haud latiora, supra deplanata,

postice distincte inflexa, rotundata, fere verticalia, sutura carinaque

laterali acutis, carinisque granulosis, alternis magis elevatis, minori-

bus tuberculis minutis sat distantibus, utroque seriatis, przedita;

corpus subtus nitidum ; pedes validi, rugosi, tibiis anticis gf apice

interne mucronatis denteque valida sub-perpendiculari inferne armatis,

extus valide bi-dentatis, intermediis posticisque leviter inflexis, supra

haud profunde canaliculatis, illis extus bi-dentatis. Long. 20 mm. ;

lat. 11-12 mm.

This species belongs to the same group as A. (Acme@us) elephas,

lineatus, podagricus, &c. ; it is allied to A. plebeius, Pér. (Trans. Lond.

Entom. Soc., 1896, p. 169), but in this species the prothorax is not

scrobiculate, the posterior angles are much shorter, and the cost on

the elytra are carinate, smooth, and all of equal height’ instead of

being verrucose with the alternate ones very distinctly higher than

the others ; the anterior tibize are provided with a similar sub-per-

pendicular tooth, but in A. turpis there is no trace of the broad

inward groove.

Hab. Gambesia (Zambesi Falls), Dr. Bradshaw ; Ovampoland,

A. W. Eriksson.

Trpe TKNEBRIONINI.

Gen. NYCTEROPUS, Casteln.

NYCTEROPUS CAPENSIS,

Plate VII., fig. 7.

Niger, capite prothoraceque sub-opacis ; palpis, antennis tarsisque

rufo-piceis ; caput minutissime punctulato-rugosum, inter antennas

transversim tenuiter impressum ; prothorax apice basique truncatus,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 305

latitudine quarto longior, lateribus vix ampliatis, fere linearibus, ad

basim leviter sinuatus, angulis posticis anticis magis acutis, lateribus

basique distincte marginatis; elytra elongata, prothorace basi vix

latiora et sesqui longiora, a medio versus apicem attenuata, convexa,

in medio disci vage punctato-seriata, seriebus ad latera posticeque

evanescentibus ; alisnullis ; subtus pedesque nigri, fere leves. Long.

13 mm. ; lat. 4mm.

This genus was hitherto known from Madagascar only.

Hab Cape Colony (Knysna). Dr. W. F. Purcell.

ieee, ERbOPININT.

Gen. MICRANTEREUS, Sol.

MICRANTEREUS VALIDUS,

Plate VIL, figs: 11g, 6 2.

Niger, nitidus, glaber, elytris g atris, ? rufescentibus; caput

punctulatum, antice distincte late impressum, crebre sed laxe punctu-

latum ; prothorax rotundato ampliatus, basi apiceque vix emarginatus,

angulis anticis prominulis, posticis fere nullis, totus marginatus, supra

modice convexus, crebre sed haud profunde punctulatus ; scutellum

breve ; elytra g elongata, prothorace basi vix latiora et fere quadruplo

longiora, pone medium tertio latiora, modice convexa, postice sub-

longe dehiscentia, 2 a basi ultra medium ampliata, ubi prothorace

duplo latiora, supra insigniter convexa, rotundata apiceque declivia,

margine laterali ante apicem acuta, apice modice deplanata, lateribus

fere verticalibus, in dorso carinis tribus, in mare fere levibus, in

femina sub-tuberculosis, utroque preedita, carinis duabus discoidalibus

antice longe obliteratis, interiore breviore, exteriore basim apicemque

attingente, a basi ultra medium utroque irregulariter tuberculosa,

sutura postice elevata ; corpus subtus nigrum, nitidum, pectore parce

pilosum ; pedes validi, rugoso-punctati, tenuissime pubescentes ;

femoribus ¢ infra longe fulvo ciliatis, tibiis intermediis inferne

sinuatis, pone basim fere dentatis. Long. 22-24 mm.; lat. 12-

134 mm.

The male is a very distinct species.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

306 Annals of the South African Museum.

MICRANTEREUS SPISSUS,

Plate VII., fig. 3.

3. Niger, nitidus, glaber, antennis brunneis ; caput punctulatum,

antice vage longitudinaliter in medio sulecatum, crebre sed laxe punc-

tulatum ; prothorax nonnihil rotundato ampliatus, longitudine tertio

latior, antice posticeque sub-sinuatus, angulis anticis acutis, sub-

prominulis, posticis nullis, totus marginatus, supra modice convexus,

crebre sed haud profunde punctulatus; scutellum breve; elytra

oblongo ovalia, antice prothorace vix latiora, a basi ultra medium

modice ampliata, medio prothorace tertio latiora, versus apicem

attenuata, supra modice convexa, postice declivia, margine laterali

acuta, apice distincte deplanata, in dorso sub-coriacea, lateribus verti-

calibus, late crebreque granulato tuberculosis, spatio supra marginali

sat angusto, levi; corpus subtus pedesque ut in M. spisso. Long.

20mm. ; lat. 12mm.

Allied to the preceding species, but easily distinguished by the

absence of ridges in the elytra, the discoidal part of which is some-

what uneven yet not quite rugose, and there is a broad lateral band

of granulose tubercles reaching from near the base to the apex, of

nearly equal width throughout; in the declivity there is also a

faint trace of a granulose line and also a few scattered granules.

Transvaal (Leydenburg). In the Pretoria Museum.

MICRANTEREUS AMBIGUUS.

Niger, sub-opacus; caput prothoraxque tenuiter punctulati, punctis

squamis minutissimis griseis repletis; prothorax longitudine fere

duplo latior, ad medium rotundato amplhatus, basi apiceque emar-

ginatus, angulis anticis sub-acutis, posticis rotundatis, totus mar-

ginatus, supra sub-convexus, in medio tenuissime canaliculatus ;

elytra antice prothorace nonnihil angustiora, pone humeros_per-

parum ampliata, in medio prothorace quarto latiora, versus apicem

modice aculeata, thorace fere quadruplo longiora, supra convexa,

postice longe dehiscentia, magine laterali acuta, apice deplanata,

lateribus fere verticalibus, nitidis, in dorso costa discoidali pone

medium acuta, ante apicem abbreyiata, ad basim obliterata carinaque

laterali granulata, apicem attingente, preterea rudimentum coste

interstitialis in singulo preedita ; parte antica disci sub-levigata, spatio

inter costas verrucis, ad lateralem validioribus, sat dense obsito ;

pedes subtus ut in speciebus precedentibus. Long. 18 mm ; lat.

Ormimurg

€

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 307

Shaped somewhat like M. validus, but the prothorax is a little more

ampliated laterally ; the elytra are a little more narrowed laterally

near the base, the lateral costa is formed by a series of tubercles, the

discoidal one is also less carinate and more granulose, and the inter-

mediate one is hardly defined, with the exception of a smooth space

in the anterior median part of the disk; the surface is covered with

more or less triangular warts not very thick set, but denser along the

outer ridge.

Hab. Gambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

MICRANTEREUS PROPINQUUS.

Niger, supra fere glaber 3, 2 elytris pube squamosa fulva obtectis ;

caput crebre punctatum; dg prothorax vix squamosus, nonnihil

rotundato ampliatus, longitudine quarto latior, apice basi haud angus-

tior, angulis anticis acutis, sub-prominulis, posticis rotundatis, totus

marginatus, parum convexus ; scutellum fere obliteratum ; elytra pro-

thorace basi haud angustiora, triplo longiora, ab humeros pone medium

sub-oblique ampliata, deinde versus apicem sub-acuminata, pone

medium prothorace tertio latiora, margine laterali acuta, apice

deplanata, supra sub-plana, postice abrupte dehiscentia, sat crebre

verrucosa, in dorso costis duabus e tuberculis majoribus formatis

carinaque laterali verrucosa utroque predita ; pedes corpusque subtus

ut in MM. ambiquo.

?,a mare differt, prothorace brevissime squamoso pubescente,

longitudineque duplo latiore, elytris latioribus, magis ovatis, perparum

convexioribus, tuberculis costarum disci magis irregularibus vali-

dioribusque, sed ad basim obliteratis. Long. 17-19 mm.;

lat. 9-11 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

The female is less convex than the other South African species,

and, although more broadly ovate, has a facies somewhat similar

to that of the g.

Alhed to M. ovampoanus, Pér. (Trans. Entom. Soc., 1896, p. 175),

but in the g the two dorsal lines of tubercles are very much better

defined, and the @ is not quite so convex nor so abruptly dehiscent

behind.

MICRANTEREUS PARVULUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, pube squamosa sub-ochracea sat dense

obtectus, antennis, palpis pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; caput crebre

punctatum; prothorax longitudine haud latior, antice lateraliter

308 Annals of the South African Museum.

nonnihil attenuatus, deinde fere parallelus, sed ad basim leviter

sinuatus, basi apice latior, sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, promi-

nulis, supra antice deflexus, a medio ad basim deplanatus, con-

fertim strigillatus ; elytra antice prothoracis baseos nonnihil latiora,

ovata, versus apicem acuminata, prothorace duplo longiora, in medio

vix quarto latiora, supra deplanata, postice longe dehiscentia, carinis

quatuor, secunda breviore, utrinque predita; sutura elevata, inter-

stitiis verrucis nonnullis indistinctis obsitis; subtus brevissime

pubescens; pedes rugosuli, pubescentes, g tibiis intermediis vix

sinuatis. Long. 8 mm.; lat. 4 mm.

The facies of this and the following species, and also of M.

(Solenomerus) agilis, Per., is somewhat different from that of the

other South African species owing to their much smaller size and

more trapezoidal prothorax.

Hab. Transvaal.

MICRANTEREUS LITIGIOSUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, squamis cincreis, sat dense obtectus: caput

prothoraxque crebre punctati, punctis squamis repletis; hic lati-

tudine longitudine equali, antice diagonaliter attenuatus, a medio

basi leviter emarginatus, basi apice fere duplo latior, lateribus acute

marginatis, angulis anticis posticisque rectis, acutis, supra in medio

leviter gibbosus, antice posticeque deflexus, intra marginem utrimque

sat profunde impressus; elytra ovata, apice acuminata, basi prothorace

vix latiora, duplo longiora, medio quarto latiora, supra modice con-

vexa, postice longe dehiscentia, costis quatuor distinctis, sub-acutis,

verrucosis sed distinctis in singulo preedita, interstitiis tuberculis

nonnullis distantibus obsitis, sutura elevata, verrucosa, margine

laterali a basi pone medium verrucosa, deinde carinata; corpus

subtus squamosum; pedes validi, squamosi, tibiis anticis inferne

vix sinuatis. Long. 9 mm. ; lat. 5 mm.

Allied to M. (Solenomerus) agilis, Pér., but the prothorax is more

trapezoidal, and the costz on the elytra are better defined, and

more carinate.

Hab. Bechuanaland (Ramoutsa). Miss M. Good.

Trpe MERACANTHINI.

VUTSIMUS, nov. gen.

Palpi maxillares securiformes ; labrum transversum ; oculi auguste

reniformes, supra distincti; antennz prothoracis basim attingentes,

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 309

articulis tribus vel quatuor penultimis conicis, xqualibus, ultimo

preecedenti latior et dimidio longior, ceteris gracilibus ; prothorax

sub-parallelus vel antice nonnihil attenuatus, basi apiceque haud

sinuatus; scutellum breve, triangulare; elytra antice prothorace

haud latiora, ad medium magis minusve ampliata, sub-convexa, apice

dehiscentia, lateraliter marginata; epipleura levia, angusta, apice

latiuscula ; pedes longi, graciles, tarsis subtus dense longeque ciliatis,

femoribus anticis ante apicem dente valida infra armatis; prosternum

processu longo, acuto, mesosternum antice triangulariter incisum.

Differs from Psorodes not only in general facies but also in the

shape of the antenn, which are shorter, and the five ultimate joints

of which are thickened instead of being of equal width, and nearly

filiform ; in Psorodes the mesosternum is not incised.

Synopsis of Species.

B.—FEMORA POSTICA ELYTRIS LONGIORA.*

a, Klytra postice valde deplanata.

Prothorax parallelus; elytra ad latera scrobiculata, prope

suturam laxe punctato seriata SS" bo (60 “Ga (00) 46) da JALAL UTD

Prothorax antice attenuatus; elytra regulariter punctato

seriata qo 66) so 66 56 UOC OSO.

A.—FEMORA POSTICA APICEM ELYTRORUM HAUD ATTINGENTES.

a’. Elytra postice minus deplanata.

Prothorax antice attenuatus.

Elytra regulariter punctato seriata; interstitiis punctulatis:

¥ fo} i

EMG eee asin ksh any oa Ci cri tuees aes a. Se chrysomelaes:

Interstitiis rude punctatis, sub-convexis cs oe of o- natalensis.

Hlytra prope suturam minus, ad latera valde scrobiculata,

interstitiis indistinctis .. .- transvaalensis.

a’. Elytra parum convexa, apice longe dehiscentia.

Hilytris COriaceis .. 5. «6 << . «» «ws «s as +s coriacewpennis.

VUTSIMUS PRETORIUS,

Plate VII., fig. 12.

Caput nigrum, sub-zeneum, prothorax pedesque rufi, antenne long:e,

rufe, articulis quatuor ultimis nigris; elytra viridi enea, corpus subtus

* It is quite possible that this character is peculiar to the ¢.

310 Annals of the South African Museum.

nigrum ; caput crebre rudeque punctatum, inter antennas sub-arcuatim

impressum; prothorax fere parallelus, antice parum emarginatus

angulis anticis modice acutis, prominulis, basi haud sinuatus, mar-

gine laterali acute marginata, supra sub-deplanatus, sat crebre

punctatus, lateribus rugose punctatis, utroque fovea elongata supra

marginali, basim attingente, pube albescente repleta; scutellum sub-

leve; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, pone humeros

paullum ampliata, pone medium prothorace tertio latiora, supra

parum conyexa, apice longe dehiscentia, parte apicali deplanata,

longe producta, sub-quadrata, dorso preter suturam, striis ter vel

quatuor profunde punctatis, magis distinctis, ceteris cum rugis

interstitiorum admixtis, lateribus sub-verrucosis, margine laterali

acuta; subtus breviter pubescens, lateribus pectoris fascia laterali

albido tomentosa ; pedes longi, breviter pubescentes, tarsis subtus

longe flavo pilosis. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 7 mm.

This species might be taken at first sight for a Byzacnus.

Hab. Transvaal (? Lydenburg). The type is in the Pretoria State

Museum.

VUTSIMUS LITIGIOSUS.

Obscure wneus, anntennis, pedibus elytrisque brunneo-rufes-

centibus, sub-nitidis ; caput crebre punctatum, linea profunda leviter

arcuata, latera haud attingente, antice impressum ; prothorax longi-

tudine tertio latior, a medio ad apicem attenuatus, pone medium

nonnihil rotundato amplatus, ad basim leviter emarginatus, supra

parum convexus, crebre punctatus, totus marginatus, angulis anticis

posticisque acutis, illis prominulis; scutellum punctulatum ; elytra

antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, pone humeros paullum am-

pliata, medio prothorace nonnihil latiora, versus apicem modice

aculeata, supra ad medium conyexa, pone medium longe deflexa

deplanataque, margine laterali acuta, postice reflexa, striis late

profundeque punctatis predita, interstitiis punctulatis, ad latera

rugosis ; epipleura laxe punctulato rugosa; subtus strigillatus ; pedes

elongati, crebre punctati, laxe pubescentes, tarsi longe denseque

fulvo ciliati. Long. 12 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (? Transkeian Districts).

VUTSIMUS NATALENSIS.

‘AMneus, elytris micantibus, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus ;

caput prothoraxque ut in V. litigioso : elytris antice latitudine baseos

prothoracis, ad medium ampliatis, prothorace tertio latiora, versus

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 311

apicem modice acuminata, supra convexa, postice dehiscentia sed

haut deplanata, margine laterali acuta, apice nonnihil deplanata,

punctis latis profundisque seriatis preedita, interstitiis rude punctu-

latis, sub-convexis; subtus nigro wneus, strigillatus; pedes ut in

V. litigioso. Long. 12-13 mm.; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Natal (Maritzburg), Zululand (Hshowe). A. Windham.

VUTSIMUS CHRYSOMELIDES.

Supra eneus, elytris micantibus, corpus subtus wneo nigrum,

antennis, palpis pedibusque rufescentibus ; caput prothoraxque ut

in V. natalense; elytris antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, ad

medium paullum ampliatis, pone medium prothorace tertio latiora,

supra convexa, postice sub-declivia, haud deplanata, margine laterali

acuta, apice haud deplanata, punctis latis seriatis predita, inter-

stitiis magis minusve punctulatis, ad latera nonnihil rugulosis,

interstitiis planis; pedes subtusque ut in V. natalense. Long.

12-13 mm.; lat. 84-9 mm.

Hab. Natal (D’Urban), Col. J. H. Bowker; Transvaal (? Leyden-

burg).

A V. natalense preecipue differt interstitiis elytrorum planis.

VUTSIMUS TRANSVAALENSIS.

Capite prothoraceque obscure wneis, elytris eneis, nitidis, ad

latera rufescentibus, pedibus rufo piceis; subtus nigro weneo ;

caput prothoraceque ut in speciebus precedentibus ; elytra antice

latitudine baseos prothoracis, ad medium rotundato amphata, vix

pone medium tertio latiora, versus apicem sub-acuminata, supra

modice convexa, postice dehiscentia atque nonnihil depressa, mar-

gine laterali acuta versus apicem deplanata, in dorso prope suturam

vage seriato punctata, deinde ad marginem lateralem rugosa vel

scrobiculata, interstitiis indistinctis; epipleura, corpus subtus

pedesque ut in speciebus precedentibus. Long. 15 mm.; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg). The type is in the Pretoria

State Museum.

VUTSIMUS CORIACEIPENNIS,

Plate VIL., fig. 4.

Supra eneus, elytris paullum nitidioribus, subtus obscure wzneus,

pedibus antennis palpisque rufescentibus; caput crebre punctulatum ,

312 Annals of the South African Museum.

prothorax longditudine fere dimidio latior, antice a medio sub-dia-

gonaliter attenuatus, pone medium leviter sinuatus, parum convexus,

crebre punctatus, in medio linea media depressa longitudinali basi

apiceque evanescente ; scutellum punctatum ; elytra basi prothorace

perparum latiora et triplo longiora, ovato-ampliata, medio prothorace

tertio latiora, versus apicem acuminata, a basi ultra medium parum

convexa, deinde longe deflexa, margine laterali acuta, apice deplanata,

vage prope suturam striis linearibus quatuor predita, superficie tota

coriacea, ad latera granose rugosa; epipleura sub-levia; pedes

sub-validi, modice elongati, rugoso-punctati, vix pubescentes ;

corpus subtus punctulatum, abdomine strigillato. Long. 16 mm. ;

lat. 10 mm.

It is at once distinguishable from the other species by the more

elongate shape of the elytra, and the less abrupt incline of the

posterior part.

Hab. Natal (D’Urban).

UMSLATUS, nov. gen.

Mentum trapeziforme, palpi maxillares sub-validi, articulo ultimo

securiformi; labrum longitudine duplo latior, apice haud emar-

ginatum ; oculi elongati, sub-reniformes, antice profunde emarginati ;

caput latitudine longius; antenne graciles, longae, fere medium

elytrorum attingentes, articulis elongatis, quatuor ultimis preecedentis

vix brevioribus; prothorax rotundatus ; scutellum latum, triangulare ;

elytra ovata, apice acuminata, margine laterali acuta; epipleura

angustissima ; pedes graciles, longi, femoribus posticis abdomine

tertio longioribus, anticis ante apicem subtus dente valido armatis ;

prosternum breve, processu triangulari apice emarginato coxas

haud excedente, mesosternum haud incisum.

The antenne are as slender as in some species of the gen.

Acanthomera, and the joints are similar, but the prosternal process

does not project at all between the cox, the basal joints of the

anterior tarsi are not dilated, and the hind legs, especially the

femora, are much longer than the abdomen.

UMSLATUS AGILIS.

Nigro brunneus, pube flavo grisea, densa, totus vestitus, antennis

pedibusque, femoribus apice exceptis, sub-rufescentibus ; caput

elongatum, antice paullum attenuatum, ante antennas transversim

impressum ; oculi distincti, superne ampliati; antenne graciles

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 313

long ; prothorax globosus, longitudine latitudine adequans, totus

acute marginatus, tuberculis minimis sat crebre obsitus; scutellum

acutum, parvum ; elytra antice latitudine baseos prothoracis, ovato

ampliata, apice acuminata, medio prothorace tertio latiora, convexa,

apice dehiscentia, margine laterali acuta postice haud deplanata,

preter suturam elevatam, tuberculis validis acutis series quatuor

formantibus utrimque preedita, spatio supra marginali antice punctato

seriato, a medio postice indistincte tuberculato; corpus subtus

punctulatum. Long. 10 mm. ; lat. 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham’s Town), Albany Museum.

Gen. ACANTHOMERA, Latr.

ACANTHOMERA NAMAQUA.

Nigra, fere opaca, pilis erectis flavescentibus vestita; palpis

antennisque apice sub-ferrugineis, longe pubescentibus, articulis

quatuor ultimis fere glabris; caput valde rugosum, longe pilosum ;

prothorax longitudine nonnihil latior, regulariter rotundato ampli-

atus, apice emarginatus, angulis anticis haud prominulis, basi

nonnihil latior, supra in disco deplanatus, verrucis nitidis dense

obsitus, interstitiis longe flavo pilosis; scutellum parvum, haud

acuminatum; elytra prothorace contigua, antice prothoracis basi

vix latiora, oblongo-ovalia, in ? pone medium leviter ampliata, ibi

prothorace quarto latiora, versus apicem modice attenuata, margine

laterali acuta, ad apicem haud deplanata, tenuiter reflexa, supra

parum convexa, anguste striata, striis granulatis, interstitiis verrucis

in disco bi-fariam seriatis, seriebusque pilis longis erectis ; epipleura

profunde punctata; pedes subtusque sat longe pilosi, abdomine sat

crebre punctato. Long. 15-18 mm.; lat. 8-9 mm.

Allied to A. gratilla, Herbst, but the erect pubescence is much

longer, and the intervals on the central part of the elytra have two

distinct series of warts instead of one; the warts are smaller and

more closely set on the disk and on the sides.

Hab. Cape Colony (O’Kiep). L. Péringuey.

ACANTHOMERA ASPERIPENNIS.

Nigra, opaca, glabra ; caput antice rude punctatum, vertice granu-

latum; antenne longe, graciles, glabre; prothorax longitudine

nonnihil latior, apice paullum attenuatus, basi sinuatus, apice

perparum latior, angulis posticis vectis, anticis haud prominulis,

314 Annals of the South African Museum.

in medio deplanatus, antice sub-deflexus, lateraliter modice convexus,

in medio disci breviter canaliculatus, granulis elongatis crebre

obsitus ; scutellum acutum leve; elytra basi prothorace nonnihil

latiora, humeris sub-oblique rotundatis, lateribus haud sensim

ampliatis, postice conjunctim attenuata, in dorso sub-depressa, acute

marginata, anguste striata, striis granulosis, interstitiis granulis

validioribus seriatis instructa; epipleura levia; corpus subtus punctu-

latum, vage pilosum ; pedes rugosi, brevissime pubescentes. Long.

11-14 mm. ; lat. 6-74 mm.

Differs from the preceding species in the absence of pubescence ;

the prothorax is not quite so ampliated laterally, and is more

attenuate in front.

Hab. Cape Colony (O’Kiep, Namaqualand). lL. Péringuey.

ACANTHOMERA HOTTENTOTA.

Nigra, sub-nitida, supra glabra sed capite antice flavo tomentoso ;

antenne elongate, brevissime pubescentes ; caput crebre punctu-

latum; prothorax ¢ latitudine nonnihil longior, ? longitudine

latitudine equalis, lateribus modice rotundatis, antice leviter attenu-

atus, marginatus, modice convexus, antice parum deflexus, medio

obsolete breviter canaliculatus, granulis nitidis dispersis obsitus ;

elytra g , elongato-ovata, apice acuta, @ basi ampliata, medio pro-

thorace duplo latiora, apice modice acuminata nonnunquam sutura

a basi pone medium distincte depressa, profunde punctato-striata,

seriebus decem e tuberculis validis acutis, retrospinosis, utrimque

predita; epipleura angusta, haud punctulata; corpus subtus punctu-

latum, breviter laxeque pilosulum ; pedes rugosi brevissime pubes-

centes. Long. 11-19 mm.; lat. 6-8 mm.

This species is at once distinguishable by the few scattered

granules on the prothorax, and also the shape of the retrospinose

tubercles on the elytra.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand, O’Kiep, Sslipfontein).

L. Péringuey.

ACANTHOMERA CONSOCIA.

Nigra, fere opaca, glabra ; antennze longe, vix pubescentes ; caput

vertice granulatum, apice punctulatum ; prothorax longitudine tertio

latior, a medio apice leviter attenuatus, postice sub-rotundatus, totus

marginatus, supra antice nonnihil convexus, postice fere deplanatus,

medio obsolete longitudinaliter breviterque canaliculatus, granulis

sub-nitidis minimis crebre obsitus, interstitiis strigillatis, basi

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 315

haud sinuata, angulis posticis rectis, anticis haud prominulis ; scu-

tellum leve; elytra prothorace basi nonnihil, pone medium tertio

latiora, sub-oblonga, modice convexa, striata, striis granoso-

punctatis, interstitiis granulis confertim seriatis instructis ; corpus

subtus glabrum, nitidum; pedes rugosi, brevissime pubescentes.

Long. 11-15 mm.; lat. 6-84 mm.

Allied to A. alternans, Wied., in general appearance, but the

prothorax is shorter, the granules are more numerous and more

closely set, and the strigillate folds are better defined ; the sculpture

of the elytra is very different.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand, O’Kiep). L. Péringuey.

Gen. HOPLONYX, Thoms.

Hopnonyx ASPER.

Niger, opacus, supra glaber; antenne long, graciles, breviter

pubescentes, articulis sex ultimis flavescentibus; caput crebre

rudeque punctatum; prothorax longitudine fere quarto latior,

nonnihil rotundato ampliatus, antice perparum attenuatus, basi

apice paullum latior, totus marginatus, vix convexus, granulis con-

fertis dense obsitus; scutellum longum, acute triangulum; elytra

basi prothorace fere duplo latiora, parallela, versus apicem attenuata,

supra parum convexa, anguste striata, striis distincte granosis, inter-

stitiis tuberculis parvis acutis confertim seriatis instructis ; corpus

subtus laxe punctulatum pilosulumque; pedes rugosi, brevissime

pubescentes. Long. 13-134 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Hasily distinguished by the granulose prothorax, and the series of

small tubercles on the elytra; no other South African species has a

similar sculpture.

Hab. Cape Colony (Namaqualand, Klipfontein). L. Péringuey.

Gren. ACASTUS, Peér.,

Trans. Entom. Soc., 1896, p. 177.

ACASTUS PARVULUS,

Plate VII., fig. 9.

Brunneo ferrugineus, antennis pedibusque dilutioribus, pube flaves-

cente brevi supra dense tectus; prothorax antice attenuatus, a tertia

parte parallelus, apice truncatus, basi valde bisinuatus, angulis

anticis acutissimis, lateribus acute marginatis, supra depressus,

316) Annals of the South African Museum.

antice nonnihil deflexus ; intra basim in medio late impressus, crebre

punctulatus ; scutellum elongatum, apice rotundatum ; elytra pro-

thorace basi fere quarto latiora, oblonga, apice conjunctim rotundata,

conyexa, fere sub-cylindrica, acute carinata, interstitiis profunde

serlato-punctatis ; pedes sat longi, levissime punctulati, femoribus

anticis dente validissima triangula armatis, tibiis ejusdem paris

basi valde emarginatis. Long. 44 mm. ; lat. 14 mm.

Very much smaller than A. segnis, Pér. (loc. cit., p. 178); the

prothorax is differently sculptured, the elytra, however, have similar

coste and punctured intervals.

Hab. Natal (Malvern). C.N. Barker.

Gren. ASTHENOCHIRUS, Fairm.

ASTHENOCHIRUS FOVEOLATUS.

Niger, sub-opacus, elytris nitidioribus, antennis rufescentibus ;

caput perparum scrobiculatum, breviter griseo pubescens, devexum,

antice haud transversim impressum; prothorax brevis, longitudine

quarto latior, antice nonnihil attenuatus, apice sinuatus, angulis

anticis _prominulis, basi, apice quarto latior, angulis posticis acutis,

supra parum convexus, creberrime punctatus interstitiis levibus,

intra marginem basalem laxe pubescens, pube ad laterum densiore ;

scutellum parvum, punctatum ; elytra basi prothorace quarto latiora,

humeris prominentibus, ab humeros longe pone medium sub-parallela,

a tertia parte postica attenuata, supra pone basim gibbosa, a tertia

parte antica pone medium dehiscentia, deinde apice magis declivia,

margine laterali actua apice haud deplanata, distincte fossulato

seriata, serie juxta suturali sat late punctata; pedes elongati,

rugosuli, breviter griseo pubescentes, femoribus anticis robustioribus,

infra sub-canaliculatis, spina distincta armatis ; corpus subtus pube

sericea flavescente sat dense vestitum, pectore abdomineque punctu-

latis, lateribus strigillatis. Long. 10 mm. ; lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Mozambique (Lourengo-Marquez). Mrs. R. Monteiro.

Tre AMARYGMINI.

GHALECA, nov. gen.

Palpi maxillares validi, articulo ultimo triangulo, securiformi;

labrum latum, breve; caput in thorace sat profunde insertum ;

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 317

ante oculos, fere ad apicem epistome, oblique carinatum; oculi

magni, valde emarginati, superne ampliati, sub-approximati ; pro-

thorax longitudine fere tertio latior, sub-deplanatus, angulis anticis

valde productis, antice nonnihil attenuatus ; scutellum parvum, acute

triangulum, elytra thorace contigua, antice gibbosa, longe ultra

medium parallela, apice acuminata, punctato striata; prosternum

processu intercoxali horizontali, antice sub-acuto, mesosternum antice

rotundatim excisum, metasternum in medio concayum ; pedes sub-

validi, breves, femoribus anticis robustioribus, leviter canaliculatis,

interne in medio acute dentatis; antennae modice elongate, ultra

basim attingentes, articulis quatuor penultimis sub-cylindricis,

preecedentibus haud longioribus sed fere duplo crassioribus, articulo

ultimo precedenti tertio longior, externe a medio apice leviter

rotundato ; tarsi dense longeque fulvo pilosi.

GHALECA LITA,

Plate VITI., fig. 10.

Aineo micans, capite, prothorace, elytris basi atque apice,

epipleuris corporeque subtus distincte flavo pubescentibus; caput

crebre punctatum, antice inter carinas laterales sat profunde trans-

versim impressum ; antenne rufo-picee ; prothorax planus, longi-

tudine latitudine tertio latior, apice emarginatus, angulis anticis

acutis, valde prominulis, basi sub-sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis,

lateraliter a medio apice attenuatus, apice basi fere tertio angustior,

crebre profundeque punctatus, pube decumbente flavescente dense

vestitus, marginibus laterum apicisque acutis; scutellum parvum,

triangulum, acutum, marginatum, parum punctatum ; elytra antice

prothoracis basi quarto latiora, humeris sub-obliquis, valde prominulis,

pone humeros sub-sinuata, deinde longe ultra medium parallela, ad

tertiam partem posticam acuminata, supra a basi pone medium

gibbosa, postice deflexa, sub-deplanata, margine laterali acuta, apice

haud deplanata, profunde punctato striata, interstitiis planis, punctis

minoribus obsitis, basi apiceque laxe flavo villosa; epipleura

rugulosa, longe pubescentia; pectus crebre, abdomen tenuiter

punctulata, ad latera densius tomentosa. Long. 17 mm.; lat.

9 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port St. John). Miss Hollway.

318 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famiry CANTHARIDE.

Gren. LYTTA, Fab.

LyTTA MERA.

Glabra, caput, prothorax, scutellum, corpus subtus pedesque

virido «nei, sub-nitidi, antenne, tarsi palpique nigri, elytra flava,

linea augusta suturali vittaque discoidali obscure coerulea utrinque

ornata ; caput rugosum, vertice obscurius neo, labro nigro ; pro-

thorax vix latior quam longior, ante medium rotundato amplatus, in

medio impressione cruciformi notatus ; elytra prothorace duplo

latiora, quadruplo longiora, humeris prominulis nonnihil elevatis, sat

subtiliter coriacea ; subtus brevissime pubescens ; pedes punctulati.

Long. 84 mm. ; lat. 3 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Clanwilliam). C. L. Leipoldt.

LyTTA MASHUNA.

Fusco nigra, dense flavescente pubescens, unguibus flavis ;

antenne nigre, articulis crassiusculis; caput crebre punctatum,

impressione sub-apicali notatum, labro maxillisque valde elongatis ;

prothorax angustus, latitudine fere duplo longior, antice attenuatus,

crebre punctatus, in medio disci distincte longitudinaliter impressus ;

scutellum fuscum ; elytra basi prothorace tertio latiora et fere triplo

longiora, sub-parallela, vix rotundata, subtiliter coriacea, pube flaves-

cente dense vestita, flava, plaga infuscata, transversa, sub-basali,

ultra medium extensa alteraque angustiore, supra apicali ornata ;

subtus fuscus; pedes tarsique fusci, dense pubescentes. Long. 9mm. ;

lat. 24 mm.

Hab. Gambesia (Enkeldoorn). J. ffolliot Darling.

LYTTA ENONA.

Nigra, dense griseo pubescens, antennis nigris; caput antice fere

scrobiculatum, vertice rugosulum, supra oculos macula flava utrinque

notatum ; prothorax latitudine dimidio longior, ab apice ante medium

valde attenuatus, deinde basi fere rectus, supra sub-deplanatus,

lateraliter rotundatus, a medio intra basim distincte canaliculatus ;

elytra prothorace tertio latiora, sub-parallela, modice convexa, coriacea,

dense flavescente pubescentia, sutura vittis discoidalibus angustis

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 319

duabus margine laterali flavis in singulo ornatis. Long. 15 mm.

lat. 5 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

LyTTA OVAMPOA.

HKlongata, nigra, capite rufo, fronte macula nigra lata, elytris

saturate brunneis ; caput crebre punctatum, latitudine vix longius,

pube griseo-cinerea longa tectum; antennze nigra, articulis tribus

basalibus rufescentibus ; prothorax longitudine latitudine adsequans,

apicem versus attenuatus, basi in medio nonnihil emarginatus, sub-

coriaceus, medio longitudinaliter canaliculatus, sat pubescens, lnea

longitudinali media e pilis densioribus formata, ornatus ; scutellam

griseo-pubescens ; elytra basi prothorace tertio latiora, retrorsum

haud dilatata, apice singulatim rotundata, linea dorsali utrinque

nulla, tenuissime coriacea, brevissime brunneo pubescentia, mar-

ginibus suturaque angustissime griseo limbatis; subtus dense griseo

pubescens. Long. 15 mm. ; lat. 4 mm.

The nearest ally to this species is L. lorigera, Gerst., the shape,

size, and colour are nearly alike, but in L. lorigera the head is black

and the antennz totally reddish brown, and the elytra have a discoidal

pubescent greyish band, which is entirely wanting in L. ovampoa.

Hab. Ovampoland. <A. W. Eriksson.

GEN. ZONITIS, Fab.

ZONITIS TRANSGRESSOR.

Flavo testacea, nitida, palpis, antennis, articulis basalibus duobus

exceptis, meso et metasterno, femoribus tibiisque apice, atque tarsis

totis nigris; caput parallelum, latitudine nonnihil longius, postice

ad medium sinuatum, angulis posticis rectis, prominulis, crebe pro-

fundeque punctatum ; antenne medium corporis attingentes, com-

presse, articulis latis, distincte infra angulatis; prothorax apice

basique truncatus, cono similis, basi apice tertio latior, crebre punctu-

latus, brevissime pubescens, in medio impressione elongata longi-

tudinali longe a basi atque ab apice disjuncta notatus ; scutellum

crebre punctulatum, apice rotundatum ; elytra oblonga, antice pro-

thoracis basi duplo latiora, triplo longiora, pone humeros nonnihil

sinuata, pone medium haud sensim ampliata, apice conjunctim

rotundata, supra modice convexa, crebre et profunde, postice obso

letius, punctata, costulis tribus distinctis, a basi apice ductis, in

320 Annals of the South African Museum.

singulo preditis; corpus subtus tenuiter griseo-pubescens; pedes

longiusculi, tenuiter punctulati. Long. 14 mm.; lat. 54 mm.

Hab. ZGambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

Allied to Z. sellata, Fahr. ; the elytra have no trace of a transverse

black band, and the antenne are shorter, and the joints wider.

ZONITIS SUAVEOLA.

Flava, elytris roseis vel sub-miniatis ; caput profunde, sat crebre

punctatum, tenuissime pubescens, epistoma longitudine labri; oculi

magni, profunde emarginati, antenne fere longitudine corporis, nigro

fusce, articulo basali flavescente ; prothorax pallide flavus, latitudine

vix longior, antice distincte attenuatus, sat late crebreque punctatus,

brevissime pubescens; scutellum flavum; elytra fere cylindrica,

prothorace dimidio latiora, pube brevissima obsita sat subtiliter

coriacea, linea discoidali utrinque vix distinguenda; subtus flava,

distincte pubescens; pedes nigro fusci, femoribus flavis. Long.

12 mm.; lat. 3 mm.

Allied to Z. pulchella, Pér., but differs in colour; the elytra are

a little more distinctly shagreened, and there is only a faint trace of

a longitudinal line instead of two.

Hab. Zambesia (Mazoe). J. ffolliot Darling.

ZONITIS SAGA.

Flavo-testacea, elytris pallidioribus, fere stramineis ; caput crebre,

antice profundius punctulatum, apice in triangulum acutum im-

pressum, epistoma longitudine labri zequale ; oculi magni, antice sat

profunde emarginati, palpis apiceque mandibularum infuscatis ;

antennee longitudine corporis breviores, articulis nigro-fuscis, basali

stramineo; prothorax, latitudine vix longior, antice distincte attenu-

atus, brevissime pubescens, crebre punctatus ; scutellum stramineum,

punctulatum ; elytra prothorace duplo latiora, linearia, pube brevis-

sima obsita, subtiliter coriacea, lineis tribus distinctis in singulo

predita; corpus subtus testaceum crebre minuteque punctulatum,

pubescens ; pedes etiam punctulati, sat longe pubescentes, femoribus

testaceis, genubus, tibiis tarsisque nigro-fuscis. Long. 14 mm. ; lat.

4 mm.

Allied to Z. eborina, Fahr.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hex River). L. Péringuey.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 321

Famiry CHERAMBYCIDZ2.

Sup-Faminry CHRAMBYCINA.

Gren. PHYLLOCNEMA, Thoms.

PHYLLOCNEMA GLORIOSA.

Plate VII, fig. 1.

Nigra, antennis, articulis ultimis duobus vel tribus exceptis,

pedibus anticis intermediisque rufis, posticis nigris, femoribus basi

rufescentibus ; caput antice rugosum, vertice profunde punctatum

antenne articulis quatuor ultimis nonnihil ampliatis leviter serratis,

articulis duobus vel tribus ultimis fuscis; prothorax ad medium

laterum aculeatus, intra basim transversim impressus, vix convexus,

crebre alveolatus ; elytra czruleo-violaceis, prothorace triplo longiora

et basi ejusdem fere tertio latiora, humeris callo elevatis, in dorso

deplanata, rude coriacea, linea dorsali utroque vix distincta; subtus

nigra, prosterno valde rugoso, pectore abdomineque sat crebre

punctulatis, illo lateribus pube albo-sericea vestitis, tibiis posticis

apicem versus foliaceo-dilatatis. Long. 21 mm.; lat. 6 mm.

In comparison with P. muirifica, Pase., its nearest ally, the dis-

tinctive characters are: (1) a wider prothorax, nearly hexagonal and

with a different sculpture ; (2) antennze with the joints more serrate

and the three apical joints more dilated—these three joints are

infuseate ; (3) foliation of the posterior tibize about one-half the size of

that of P. murvfica (pl. vi., fig. 14) ; the colour is also different, the

under part, as well as the head and prothorax, being black instead of

ceruleous green, the elytra are also brighter purple-blue.

Hab. Zambesia (Victoria Falls). Dr. Bradshaw.

Phyllocnema (Callichroma) holubi, Dohrn., and P. pretiosa, Péring.,

are evidently the same insect as P. mirifica, Pase.

PHYLLOCNEMIDA, nov. gen.

A gen. Phyllocnema discrepat tibiis anticis intermediisque latioribus,

magis incurvis, infra carinatis, femoribus posticis multo brevioribus,

longe clavatis tibiisque posticis incurvatis, compressis, ad apicem

sat ampliatis, sed haud foliaceo-dilatatis.

Annals of the South African Museum.

PHYLLOCNEMIDA MANICANA,

Supra cxeruleo nigra, lateribus corpusque subtus cyaneo viridibus ;

caput fronte valde rugosum, vertice scrobiculatum, in medio a basi

colli usque ad apicem canaliculatum, tuberculis antennariis validis,

articulo basali clavato, apice externe rotundato ; prothorax antice

transversim leviter impressus, pone medium laterum spinosus, intra

basim distincte constrictus, juxta basim carinatus, carina transversa,

in medio interrupta, supra crebre scrobiculatus ; elytra valde coriacea,

prothorace triplo longiora et basi ejusdem nonnihil latiora, humeris

prominulis, rotundatis, versus apicem paullum attenuata, dorso

depressa, lineis duabus longitudinalibus utroque vix observandis ;

pectus antice scrobiculatum, longe pubescens, postice profunde

punctatum ; pedes punctulati, abdomen minute aciculatum. Long.

29 mm.; lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Manica). F. C. Selous.

GEN. HYPOCRITES, Fahr.

HYPOCRITES MATABELENUS.

Niger, elytris nigro vel viridi-cyaneis, nonnunquam apice violaceis ;

caput fortiter punctatum, antennis 3g apicem haud attingentibus,

? brevioribus, articulo basali profunde punctato, 3°-5° infra sat

distincte aculeatis, articulis quatuor ultimis elongatis, 5° nonnihil

brevioribus ; prothorax longitudine latitudine fere «quali, ad apicem

minus, intra basim magis constrictus, lateribus ad medium nonnihil

rotundato ampliatis, late crebreque punctatus, lateribus vittis duabus

sericeis albis, superiore supra marginali, utrinque ornatus ; elytra

basi prothoracis latitudine maxima nonnihil latiora, ab humeros apice

attenuata, ubi singulatim rotundata basique dimidio angustiora, rude

profundeque at regulariter punctata, sutura margineque obscuri-

oribus ; corpus subtus punctulatum, nigrum, nitidum, pectore

lateribusque abdominis dense albo sericeis; pedes elongati, nigri,

femoribus modice clavatis, quatuor anterioribus interdum rubris

Long. 15-18 mm.; lat. 4-5 mm.

Hab. Gambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 323

Sus-Faminy LAMIINI.

? TRIBE PROSOPOCERINI.

DINOCEPHALUS, gen. nov.

Mandibule valid, robust, apice arcuate ; caput latum, antice

quadratum, fronte verticali, tuberculo antennario vix elevato, oculi

sat lati, fere divisi; antennz corpore quarto longiores, scapo articulo

tertio nonnihil breviore, magis quam duplo crassiore, hoc sequenti

tertio longiore, 4°-10° haud sensim decrescentibus, ultimo praecedenti

vix duplo longiore; prothorax cylindricus; elytra prothorace vix

latiora, ad apicem paullum attenuata, apice conjunctim rotundata,

modice convexa ; cox antics modice approximatie, processus pro-

sternalis nullus, mesosternalis antice haud dilatatus, modice rotun-

datus, basi distincte incisus; pedes mediocres, femoribus leviter

clavatis, tarsis dilatatis, articulo primo sequenti vix longiore.

The shape of the jaws and that of the head approximate that of

Sternotomis and Zographus, and the antenne are of the same shape

and shorter, but the absence of prosternal process militates against

the genus being placed in the Sternotomini or Tragocephalini ; the

antennal tubercle is reduced to a mere border, dividing the eye very

nearly in two.

DINOCEPHALUS ORNATUS,

Plate VII, figs. 2, 2a.

Nigra, pube cinerea subtilissime violacea obtectus, maculis flavidis,

nigro marginatis ornatus ; caput latissimum, antice verticale, quad-

ratum, pone oculos ad collum tuberculo parvo utroque munitum,

vertice anguste canaliculatum, antice linea elevata longitudinali,

maculis septem frontalibus, vitta apicali sinuata in medio bi-incisa,

atque plaga in genis ornatum ; prothorax cylindricus, postice antice

nonnihil angustior, intra basim transversim impressus, constrictus,

vix punctulatus ; maculis quatuor in dorso plagaque laterali utrinque

ornato; scutellum triangulare, apice obtuse rotundatum; elytra

profunde punctata, prothoracis parte antica haud latiora, basi leviter

sinuata, humeris sub-prominulis, ab humeros apice attenuata, ubi

conjunctim rotundata, maculis rotundatis 11 in singulo dispositis ;

corpus subtus tomento cinereo violaceo vestitum, pectore vitta

laterali a thorace continuata, segmentisque abdominis singulo plaga

triangula atro-cincta ornato. Long. 16 mm. ; lat. 5$ mm.

324 Annals of the South African Museum.

Hab. Transvaal (Leydenburg) in the Pretoria Museum ; Mozam-

bique. (Lourengo-Marques). H. Junod.

Gen. CYMATURA, Gerst.

CYMATURA MASHUNA.

Nigra pube brunneo fulva, nonnunquam flava, variegata dense

vestita; caput macula frontali fulva notatum, tuberculis antennariis

validis, fulvo penicillatis, articulis basi apiceque pallidiore annulatis ;

prothorax lateribus medio spina valida armatis, tuberculis duobus

fasciculatis in medio disci preditis margineque antica in medio

breviter fasciculata, lateribus basique flavo variegatis ; scutellum

fulvum ; elytra basi truncata, parallela, apice conspicue extrorsum

asciculata, profunde punctata, sat dense pube velutina fusca obtecta,

fasciculis bi-seriatis in singulo instructis, sutura ad apicem etiam

fasciculata, vittis duabus angustis, flavis, transversis, prima ante,

altera longe pone medium positis ornata; subtus dense pubescens,

nigro fulvoque variegata. Long. 27-35 mm. ; lat. 8-10 mm.

Very closely allied to C. mucorea, Fairm. It might, perhaps,

prove to be only a variety of this species, from which it differs

mainly in the width of the two transverse, fulvous, sometimes almost

pale orange bands on the elytra, which bands are also very much

more narrow.

Hab. Zambesia (Enkeldoorn), J. ffolliot Darling. (Maniea),

Bagamoyo.

Gren. ANOPLOSTETHA, Reiche.

ANOPLOSTETHA MASHUNA,

Plate VIL, fig. 5.

Nigra, pube cinnamonea dense obtecta ; caput antice plaga quad-

rata albida; prothorax lateribus in medio acute spinosis antice

leviter, postice profundius transversim impressus, basi ipsa antice

magis depressa, in medio disci tuberculis tribus depressis in trian-

gulum positis munitus, vittis duabus angustis a medio basi extensis

cretaceis ornatus, inferne ab oculos late cretaceo vittatus; elytra ad

humeros nonnihil dilatata, ubi distincte granulosa, pone humeros

parallela, apice conjunctim rotundata, plagis sub-triangularibus tribus,

postica angustiore, cretaceis in singulo ornata ; pectus abdomineque

South African Coleopterous Fauna. 325

vitta laterali lata cretacea, nonnunquam ad apicem segmenti ab-

dominis primi extensa. Long. 31-36 mm.; lat. 135 mm.

Size and shape of A. lactator, Fabric., but differs in colouring.

The whole body, including antennx and legs, is clothed with a rich

cinnamon pubescence; and the white patches on the elytra, instead

of being divided by moderately broad bands crossing regularly on

the disk, are very much smaller, and divided by very broad intervals

of the ground colour.

Hab. Gambesia (Enkeldoorn). J. ffolliot Darling.

Gren. TRAGISCOCHEMA, Thoms.

TRAGISCOCHEMA LATULA.

Nigra, elytris sub-rufescentibus ; caput fronte pallide flavo

pubescente, vertice vittis tribus nigris, pubescentibus ornato ;

antennz nigre; prothorax sub-cylindricus, longitudine latitudine

eequali, pone medium lateraliter nonnihil ampliatus, obtuse angu-

latus, deinde basi valide constrictus, basi ipsa depressa, vittis quinque

nigris, media reliquis latiore; elytra prothorace haud latiora, triplo

longiora, parallela, apice conjunctim rotundata, rufescentes, pube

flava dense vestita, vittis duabus spatio angusto flavescente separatis,

apice ornatis ; subtus griseo pubescens, abdominis segmentibus ad

latera densius pubescentibus ; pedes nigri, pubescentes. Long.

12 mm.; lat. 34 mm.

_ Shape and size of JT. apicalis, Pér.; the posterior black band is

divided in two.

Hab. Zambesia (Buluwayo). F. C. Selous.

Famiry CHRYSOMELIDZ.

Tre KUMOLPINI.

Gren. EURYOPE, Dalm.

FEURYOPE LIGHTFOOTI.

Geruleo-violacea, sub-nitida, antennis violaceis, articulis tribus

primis apice rufescentibus, caput plaga latissima, prothorax fere

totus, femoribus apice basique, rubris ; caput latum, inter oculos

leviter bi-impressum, vertice linea brevi basim haud attingente,

326 Annals of the South African Museum.

crebre punctulatum, vertice anguste violaceo marginatum ; mandi-

bul nigrz, sub-valide ; prothorax longitudine duplo latior, apice ad

latera sinuatus, angulis anticis tuberculosis, prominulis, ante

medium lateraliter nonnihil ampliatus, prope basim sinuatus,

angulis posticis acutis, prominulis, crebre punctulatus, punctis in

disco sub-evanescentibus, totus carinatus, margine antica sub-

lata basique ipsa angustiore, violacea; scutellum leve; elytra

prothorace tertio latiora et duplo longiora, humeris valde elevatis,

impressione post humerali fere nulla, pone humeros breviter sinuata,

apice conjunctim rotundata, supra modice convexa, rugosula, punctis

irregularibus, haud profundis, ad latera antice magis distinctis sat

crebre obsita ; corpus subtus crebre punctulatum, breviter pubescens.

Long 8 mm.; lat. 5 mm.

This species is easily recognised owing to its colour.

Hab. Cape Colony (Paarl, Malmesbury). R. M. Lightfoot.

Gen. COLASPOSOMA, Casteln.

COLASPOSOMA JUNODI.

Chalybeum, nitidum, plagis vittisque cupreo fulgidis ornatum ;

labro, antennarum articulis quatuor basalibus palpisque articulo

ultimo excepto rufis ; caput crebre, sat profunde punctulatum, antice

depressum, in medio puncto distincto munitum, plagis duabus

triangulis cupreo-fulgidis notatum ; prothorax longitudine duplo

latior, lateribus ab apice pone medium sub-obliquis, deinde basi

rectis, crebre punctulatum, plaga laterali cuprea superficiel maximam

partem occupante, ornatus; scutellum impunctatum ; elytra antice

prothoracis basi nonnihil latiora, duplo longiora, humeris elevatis,

callosis, pone humeros nonnihil ampliata, apice conjunctim rotun-

data, supra convexa, crebre profundeque punctata, vitta discoidali

alteraque supra-marginali latis, procul apicem conjunctis, cupreo-

fulgidis in singulo ornatis ; corpus subtus crebre punctulatum sat

dense griseo pubescens, pedes sat dense pubescentes, femoribus

clavatis, anticis inermis. Long. 5

7 mm.; lat. 5 mm.

A very distinct species.

Hab. Mozambique (Rikatla). H. Junod.

aberrans (Asida)

ACANTHOMERA

INCAS DU Sarciaeisielsissiateisisins eieeissiclelele cia

JNIDISISMITTN, songqaooacoqnasooadooboo00r

adventitus (Psammodes)

adventitus (Trachynotus)

zqualipennis (Kuleantus)

agilis (Umslatus)

agrestis (Anomalipus)

agrestis (Machla)

algoensis (Psammodes)

altitudinis (Machlomorpha)...

ambiguus (Micrantereus)......

AMIANTUS

ANOMALIPUS

ANOPLOSTETHA

approximans (Psammodes)...

ARGASIDUS

ASIDA

asper (Hoplonyx)

asperipennis (Acanthomera)

ASTHENOCHIRUS

see e etree eene

Pe eee eee eee eeeeeee

seen

eee eee eee ey

see eeeeee

eee eee ee eT

seen

eee eee eee eee eee ee ees

ee ey

Beemer ee we eres eeeeeeeee

eee ee eee ee

ecxlatus (Psammodes)

capensis (Nycteropus)

chrysomelides (Vutsimus) ...

cognatus (Trachynotidus)

CoLASPOSOMA

congruens (Psammodes)

consocia (Acanthomera)

consobrina (Asida)

consobrinus (Derostrophus)...

consors (Psammodes) .........

coriaceipennis (Vutsimus) ...

CRrYPTOCHILE

CYMATURA

eee wees

eee eee eee ee ee

a eeeee

eeeeee

stew eee eeeee

Seer meee eee eeeseesee

ere eee eee er ry

damarinus (Derostrophus) ...

DaAMARUS

debilis (Psammodes)............

devia (Asida)

DEROSTROPHUS

DINOCEPHALUS

Peewee tere wees eeeee

Peete ewer ese eseene

INDEX.

PAGE IDTPHOCOTIDUS ekcreeeeenecetcene

262 | dispar (Kchinotus) ............

313 dissidens (Derostrophus)......

315 dissociatus (Psammodes)......

246 = diversa (Machlomorpha) ......

278 | dolosus (Psammodes) .........

299 | dubiosus (Psammodes).........

249 |

312 | E

303 | echinata (Cryptochile) .........

ZED VE GHINOTUS ) seocactseecchecene:

279 emeritus (Philocalus)) <....0-+¢

258 | Grarorat (UDI AnHE)) | peqspeneocoscoases

306 | enonensis (Omnelaieeccsencnectcees

266 OMAN DU See soccaieiiiewies eiectea cles

303 BHT R YORE) caicceeciiesrcreascerccsetastes

324 | exilis (Psammodes) ............

270 eximius (Trachynotidus) ......

251 |

258 | Fr

Oy i ||!

aa | flagrans (Psammodes) .........

316 flagrans (Hypomelus) .........

; _ forcipatus (Derostrophus)

_ formicola (Diplocotidus) ......

281 fortuitus (Psammiodes) saicisseieere

304 foveolatus (Asthenochirus) ...

311 G

297

326 | gariesa (Adesmia) ............

990 gariesus (Psammodes) .........

TAN wlio CEPA CARs seisctic siewiersasis sO esicinwsctes

261 | gloriosa (Phylloenema) ......

2538

288 Hm

Bll | haagi (Pachynotelus) .........

249 | haagi (Trachynotus)............

324 | heterocera (Oneila) ...........+

Pehalarisn(E bins) cacescsseseceeess

WIEVORTON VX «eo wosctacaeeenceSeececs

253 hottentota (Acanthomera) ...

244 ~~ hottentotus (Derostrophus)...

277 | hottentotus (Psammodes) ...

%58 humilis (Derostrophus) ......

DOD ELYPOCRELES) | eels siecle eerste

BA) |) UaLVP OME LU Stree jecicemisisesiensicsiseieis

imitator (Psammodes).........

incongruens (Psammodes) ...

inquinatus (Psammodes)......

integer (Psammodes) .........

intermedius (Psammodes) ...

junodi (Colasposoma) .........

junodi (Psammodes).........0..

karrooensis (Psammodes)

Masta (Goh ale cal)\) sacmeseseeeceectess

letula (Tragiscochema)

letulus (Psammodes)

laticollis (Derostrophus)

lecta (Asida)

legitima (Asida).........sssseeees

lepidtis/((P tints) encecrcenceserne

lethargicus (Psammodes)......

licitus (Psammodes) ..........+.

lightfooti (Huryope) ............

lita (Machla)

litigiosus (Micrantereus) ......

litigiosus (Vutsimus)

lutulenta (Asida)

lutulentus (Trachynotus)......

ID NAVIN, besodeonccooocsdbonageppendods

weeeee

se eeneeee

seeeee

eee eee)

MacHLa

MACHLOMORPHA .........+0000e00.

manicana (Phylloenemida) ...

manicanus (Amiantus).........

manifestus (Psammodes)......

manifestus (Trachynotus) ...

mashuna (Anoplostetha) ......

mashuna (Cymatura)

mashuna (Lytta)

mashunus (Psammodes)

matabelenus (Hypocrites) ...

maxillosus (Derostrophus) ...

mendax (Psammodes)

mendicus (Psammodes)

TVET (AerviUB)! wee ccoetietsetesieiatalsins

meracus (Psammodes).........

meracus (Trachynotus)

MEZzIUM

MIcRANTEREUS

mossambica (Asida) ........0+6.

miilleri (Psammodes)

myrmidon (Psammodes) ......

ane t eee emer eee ee ee eesesasee

eam eee wee teenee

eeeeee

ee wceeeee

weeeee

seeeee

See eee eeereeseessessseesees

ee eee e worse esese

Index.

PAGE

289 | namaqua (Acanthomera)......

981 | namaqua (Asida) ..............

292 | namaqua (Stenocara) .........

276 | natalense (Mezium) ............

GOA || ToRRIIME(VANENGEN) Gococonosussoscecs

natalensis (Vutsimus) .........

| nitens (Trachynotus) .........

326 notiale (Mie zai) eecceeseecenes

O75 INVOTEROPUS) «ssa ascececeteestee

267 OGRABIBS == s.n.%2neiiacesosteecwese

| JONBUDAM as ttinentneeeesennaeeen ces

| ornatus (Dinocephalus) ......

Ain ovampoa (Lytta) ............06

917 |

B25) | Ip

278

254 PACHYNOTHDUS sss seceeeeseceeece

265 parvulus (Acastus) ............

966 | Parvulus (Micrantereus) ......

242 pauperata (Atsidiaieeeneneemeerse

984 | perfidus (Psammodes) .........

290 PHITOCATIUS! [oscctanccessaeeteces

395 | IPAVIETLOCNEM Atte sacreccseascaaeee

957 PHYLLOCNEMIDA RES RENO ACRSESOON

398 | Placidus (Psammodes).........

310 | Placita ( Stenocara) ........00+

264 plausibilis (Hypomelus) ......

301 | plausibilis (Psammodes) ......

318 plicipennis (Trachynotus)

| preliator (Psammodes) ......

| preestans (Psammodes) ......

__ | preetorius (Vutsimus) ...-.<...

256 | probes (Psammodophysis) ...

257 | probus (Psammodes) .........

322 | procursus (Psammodes) ......

266 profugus (Psammodes).........

274 | profanus (Psammodes).........

297 propinquus (Micrantereus) ...

B24 | PSAMMODES s..-.csdsucosedeteacs

324 | PSAMMODOPHYSIS .......0.e0s00

ona PTENUS tices: Meet meee paeteecaenetees

322 R

254 | , :

283 rhodesianus (Philocalus) bade

290 | rotundipennis (Psammodes)

318 | rusticus (Psammodes) .........

968 rusticus (Trachynotus).........

302 | ’

243 B..

305 | Sagat (Zomitis) i. ccsccsscceeacoscst

263 | scutulata (Adesmia) «:..........

269 | serrata (Cryptochile) .........

286 | servus (Hypomelus)............

PAGE

313

264

248

244

259

310

298

243

304

293

240

319

250

315

B07

262

283

241

321

280

248

295

271

300

272

282

309

296

283

279

277

271

307

267

296

242,

241°

268)

270

300

320

250

294

similis (Psammodes).........+++

simplex (Adesmia)

singularis (Damarus)

singularis (Ograbies).........+.+

solitarius (Psammodes)

specularis (Psammodes)

sperabilis (Psammodes)

spissus (Micrantereus) .........

squamosus (Argasidus).........

IE NOG AI Aus ciccinesieieleslcee sa

suaveola (Zonitis) ...........+0++

eee eweree

seeeee

eeeeee

tantillus (Trachynotus)

SUE RACHYINO TED US iseciemessisiesaisteriess

PRRACHYNODUS mactielsesswiiateoeerss

ERRAGISCOCHEMA, «ca. scscicisssloeeises

transgressor (Zonitis)

transvaalensis (Asida) .........

transvaalensis (Vutsimus) ...

tricorniger (Xenus)

turbida (Asida)

turpis (Anomalipus) ............

seeeee

eee eeeeee

sete ween eeee

Beemer were eee eeee

. Index.

PAGE U

291

DAG" |\eumbrina: (Asida))” <.3.2..0..0<0.

QAAS MUIMS TATU Si ngseceescsmecscs sss

DOBr eumi Sena (ASIA) /cnsescecetosnecse =

273

286 V

289

306 | vagus (Psammodes) ............

251 | valens (Psammodes)............

948 | validus (Micrantereus).........

399 | Vaticinus (Psammodes) ......

verecundus (Psammodes)

vexator (Psammodes) .........

vietus (Psammodes) ............

BOM VU USUMUS te cesscsevdecessoccdees

296

298 xX

295

ae XN USiecctesedscseeedeccossescccesns

260

311 cs

256 | zambesiana (Asida) ............

DGB PAIONTLISi cctccassatecsesenanteess ses

SO4a | ezulan (ASICS wecce ccs cecmccccesss

5, 5a. Derostrophus forcipatus.

(330)

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Puate VI.

Adesmia simplex.

+ scutulata.

Kuleantus equalipennis.

Pachynotelus haagi.

6, 6a. Xenus tricorniger.

Argasidus squamosus.

Asida unigena.

Psammodes karrooensis,

Phyllocnema gloriosa.

PLATE

la. Leg of Phyllocnema mirifica,

ANT wb

Pascoe.

2a. Dinocephalus ornatus.

. Micrantereus spissus.

. Vutsimus coriaceipennis.

. Anoplostetha mashuna.

. Micrantereus validus ¢.

. Nycteropus capensis.

. Acastus segnis, Péring.

10. Psammodes hottentotus.

ite a miilleri.

12. Hypomelus flagrans.

13. Psammodes mashunus.

mS procursus.

15. 4. junodi.

16. 55 celatus.

ale a incongruens.

18. Trachynotus haagi

VII.

9. Acastus parvulus.

10. Ghaleca leta.

11. Micrantereus validus, ¢.

12. Vutsimus pretorius.

13, 13a. Diplocotidus formicola.

14, 14a. Mezium natalense.

15. Oneila heterocera, ¢, ?.

16.75 as, ”

Wife » enonensis, ¢.

18. Damarus singularis.

Vol,

S, Afs Mus.

Ann.

New Coleoptera

ne x Ae .

K ;

Cn *

1 7

n , Paris

Duy ar

Heh chek

New Coleoptera

(331)

VIII.—On the South African Species of Peripatidee in the Collection

of the South African Museum.—By W. F. Purcenu, Ph.D.,

First Assistant.

THE present paper deals with the South African species of

Peripatide, as represented in the collection of the Museum, Full

descriptions of the external systematic characters of three out of the

four previously described species (P. capensis, balfouri, and moseleyt)

are given, together with descriptions of four new and _ perfectly

distinct ones. In addition five other forms are recorded, but not

named, on account of lack of sufficient material.

Historical.—The genus Peripatus has been known from America

since its first establishment by Guilding in 1826, and some years

afterwards, in 1837, the first South African species was recorded and

described by De Blainville as Peripatus brevis, with 14 pairs of legs.

It was found by M. Goudot on Table Mountain, but appears never

to have been met with since.

Peripatus does not seem to have been recorded from South Africa

again until 1868, when Grube described three specimens found

under stones on a hill at Constantia by Ritter v. Frauenfeld, during

the visit of the Austrian frigate ‘‘ Novara” to the Cape in October,

1857. These three specimens were named Peripatus capensis by

Grube, and possessed 17-18 pairs of claw-bearing legs. Two of

these, including those figured, belong to Peripatopsis capensis as at

present limited, while the third belongs to the species subsequently

called balfowri by Sedgwick.

Guilding placed Peripatus amongst the Mollusca, while Grube

considered it to be an Annelid. It was not until the visit of the

‘Challenger’ to the Cape in 1873, when Moseley obtained and

dissected living specimens of P. capensis, that the tracheate character

of these animals was discovered. Moseley obtained his specimens

332 Annals of the South African Musewm.

mostly from rotten willow logs and stumps behind Cogill’s Hotel,

at Wynberg, in the Cape Peninsula, and the results of his im-

portant investigations were published in 1874 (Phil. Trans., clxiv.,

pp. 757-782).

In 1879 Wood-Mason described a species with 21-22 pairs of

legs from South Africa, which he named P. moseleyi. The locality of

these specimens is probably King William’s Town.

In 1883 Mr. Adam Sedgwick paid a visit to the Cape, and collected

a large amount of material of P. capensis and P. balfouri for

embryological investigation. His material was apparently obtained

from the Newlands slope of Table Mountain, and in the first part

of his ‘Development of P. capensis’ (Q. J. M. 8. (2), xxv., p. 490,

1885), the smaller Cape species with 18 pairs of legs was first

separated as a distinct form (balfowri) from capensis. All the Cape

species known to him were finally elaborately described in his

‘Monograph on the species and distribution of Peripatus’ in

1888.

Since that time no new South African species have been described.

I have, however, published a notice of several of the new forms

described in the present paper, but without attaching names to

them (Trans. S. A. Phil. Soce., ix., pp. xviii and xix, 1897).

Classification.—In 1894 Pocock proposed to break up the old

genus Peripatus into three genera, and introduced the terms

Peripatopsis and Peripatoides as new generic names for P. capensis

and P. nove-zealandie respectively, while Peripatus was restricted

to the American forms (Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., xxiv., pp. 518-

526, 1894; also in Lydekker’s Royal Nat. Hist., vi., p. 288,

1896). Although Pocock’s suggestion does not appear to have

commended itself to subsequent authors, I believe it to be perfectly

justified, and have adopted it in the following pages. The species

of Peripatide are neither very few in number nor very similar in the

structure of all their organs, and as these structural differences are

associated with differences in the geographical distribution the

establishment of several genera in the place of one becomes a matter

of considerable convenience.

For instance, I am acquainted with no less than six perfectly

distinct and five doubtful South African species of Peripatopsis,

which differ from one another only in such slight characters as the

number of the legs, the condition of the foot in the terminal rudi-

mentary pair of legs, the shape of the papille, and the colour,

while all agree closely in every other character, as far as at present

known. Moreover, these eleven forms constitute a compact group,

South African Species of Peripatide. 333

not connected by a number of intermediate forms with the other

genera.

Opposed to these forms of Peripatopsis, and differing from them

in several more or less important characters, 1s another South

African species, for which I have created a separate genus, described

below as Opisthopatus.

Both these genera differ from the American forms on the one hand,

and from the Australasian on the other in several characters, such as

the position of the genital opening (between the legs of the penultimate

pair in the American and of the last pair in the Cape and Austra-

lasian forms), and the presence (in Australian and American), or

absence (in the Cape forms) of receptacula seminis in the female,

which are surely characters of generic importance. The number of

spinous pads and the arrangement of the papillee on the feet are no

doubt of less value, but as these characters go hand in hand with

more important ones they are by no means to be disregarded.

Several new species have recently been described by Bouvier

(Peripatus tholloni from Gaboon, W. Africa) and A. Willey

(Peripatus nove-britannie from the island of New Britain), which

do not appear to fit into any of Pocock’s genera. In that case, of

course, new ones would have to be made for their reception.*

Specific Characters.—The characters available for distinguishing

between the species of Peripatopsis are unfortunately very limited

in number, almost the only ones being the number of the legs, the

structure of the terminal rudimentary pair alongside of the genital

opening, and the shape of the papille.

The number of the legs is of value apparently in all species in

which there are not more than nineteen preegenital claw-bearing

pairs, besides the terminal rudimentary pair—at least, no case of

variation has come under my observation. On the other hand, if

the number of the pregenital legs exceeds nineteen pairs, it is often

no longer constant in the same species, and its value as a specific

character becomes greatly diminished.

A very important character is the presence or absence of claws on

the rudimentary genital legs, and I have used this to divide the

genus into two main groups. The presence or absence of a rudi-

mentary foot in the clawless forms will probably be found of specific

value, although I am not yet quite sure of the constancy of this

* While this paper was in the press, A. Willey’s researches on P. nove-britannie

(in: Zoolog. Results based on material from New Britain, &c., collected by A.

Willey, Pt. I., 1898) came to hand. This author recognises Pocock’s new names as

sub-genera, and creates a new sub-genus, Paraperipatus, for P. nove-britannie.

334 Annals of the South African Museum.

character. The number of spinous pads on the rudimentary legs

appears to be always variable.

The colour is useful if associated with structural characters,

although, owing to its great range of variation, it would be unwise

to found a species on the colour alone. Of course exceptions to this

rule may possibly occur. Species inhabiting the same locality may

often be easily distinguished from one another by their colour; so,

for instance, capensis from balfouri and leonina in the Cape

Peninsula, and clavigera from sedqwicki in the Knysna.

I am uncertain to what extent the form of the papille of the

body may be utilised, but the curious clavate papille of P.

clavigera appear to form a good character, not met with in any

other species of the genus.

Distribution.—The genus Peripatopsis is only known from the

Cape Colony and Natal. If we exclude capensis, it may be stated

generally that all the species belonging to the group with claw-

bearing terminal feet occur in the western half of the Cape Colony

between Cape Town and Graham’s Town, extending as far north as

the Cedarbergen in Clanwilliam, while the species belonging to the

group in which the terminal legs are clawless inhabit Natal and the

eastern part of Cape Colony, the most western locality known being

the Katberg Forest. P. capensis, which belongs to the latter group,

is ths sole exception, being found in the Cape Peninsula only.

As, however, the number of localities in which Peripatopsis has

been searched for is very small, the above limits must be looked

upon as purely provisional, and they may have to be considerably

modified when more forms come to light. There is little reason to

doubt but that this genus or others occur in most wooded mountain

ravines and in forests throughout South Africa. I have found it in

nearly every likely-looking spot which I have thoroughly examined

at the right season of the year.

A synopsis of the named species with their localities is given ait

the end of the paper.

GEN. PERIPATOPSIS, Pocock.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., xxiv., p. 519, 1894 (I have not seen the

original paper).

Type.—P. capensis (Grube).

Characters.—Legs with three spinous pads; the legs on each side

of the genital opening rudimentary, very much smaller than the

South African Species of Peripatide. 335

preceding pair, and not used for walking, occasionally quite obsolete.

Feet with two large papille near the apex on the anterior side and

a single one on the posterior side. Genital opening always subter-

minal, longitudinal, never in the form of a transverse slit.

In those cases in which the male has been examined, the pair of

legs immediately before the genital opening has been found to

possess an enlarged crural gland. These legs are provided with a

large white papilla on the ventral side in all our male specimens.

The terminal unpaired portion of the vas deferens is not very long.

In the female there is no receptaculum seninis, and the oviduct

contains a number of embryos, all of which are equally developed

and of the same size.*

The number of legs is constant in all species, with not more than

19 pregenital pairs. In the remaining species the number appears

to vary slightly. The dorsal surface is provided with a fine white

median line, often only partially visible in preserved specimens. The

outer jaw has a small accessory tooth at the base of the main tooth.

It occasionally happens that an apical dorsal papilla occurs on a

foot here and there in addition to the one posterior and two anterior

papilla ; now and then also two posterior papille are found on

some feet.

§ 1. No claw-bearing legs on each side of the genital opening.

(a) Species in which the rudimentary legs on each side of the genital

opening are normally without traces of rudimentary feet, and occa-

sionally even absent. A spinous pad is often present on these legs.

1. PERIPATOPSIS CAPENSIS (Grube).

Peripatus capensis (ad part.), Grube, Anneliden, p. 4, pl. iv., figs. 3,

3a—c, in: Reise der 6sterreichischen Fregatte

Novara um die Erde in den Jahren, 1857, 1858,

and 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Bd. ii., Abthlg.

ii. Wien, 1868.

- » (ad part.), Moseley and Sedgwick, in: Balfour’s

Anat. and devel. of P. capensis, Q. J. M.S. (2),

* T found this to be the case in the female specimens of the following species,

which I dissected : capensis, moseleyi, balfouri, leonina, sedqwicki, and clavigera.

It must be remembered, however, that at certain times of the year a new set of

eggs may have entered the oviduct before the birth of the older brood; in such

cases of course there would be embryos of two different stages in the oviduct at

the same time, but this is still a very different condition from that which obtains

in Opisthopatus.

336 Annals of the South African Museum.

xxill., 1883 (pp. 3-8 of the reprint refer to

capensis and balfouri, pl. xiii. and xiv. to capensis

only).

7 i Sedgwick, The develop. of P. capensis, Pt. 1,

Q. J. M. 8. (2), xxv., p.° 450, 1885; reprinted

in Stud. Morph. Lab. Cambridge, iv., p. 2, 1889..

5 », Sedgwick, A Monograph on the spec. and distrib.

of the genus Peripatus, Guild., Q. J. M. S. (2),

Xxvill., 1888; reprinted in Stud. Morph. Lab.

Cambridge, iv., pp. 157-166, pl. xiv.—xvi. and

pl. xx., figs. 27-28, 1889.

Characters.—Claw-bearing (pregenital) legs 17 pairs; the middle

spinous pad not very broad, only 1:4-1-7 times as wide as the

proximal pad.

On each side of the genital opening in the female is a papilliferous

tubercle, which is the rudiment of the genital pair of legs. Near

the apex of each on the ventral side is a small, yellowish, spinous

pad. In one specimen this pad was surmounted at the apex of one

of the tubercles by a movable rudimentary foot, which was pro-

vided with four papille on its ventral surface and the rudiment of a

claw in the centre between them. Often the pad is absent, and

sometimes even the tubercle itself may be quite obsolete on one side

of the body. In the male the tubercle is even more reduced and

without trace of spinous pad or foot.

Papillee of the dorsal and lateral surfaces conical, high, rounded

at the apex, never clavate.

Length and width of average adult 2 (alive and extended): 58 x 64mm.

r» 0 r 3 . ¥» BED Gea = hy

_ », Of same 2 and g, preserved in alcohol. sol. of

HgCl, and contracted: 41 x 7 mm. and 28 x 44 mm. Sedgwick

gives 65 mm. for the @ and 48 for the ¢.

Colour of darker forms (5 ad. and 7 juv. from St. James, False

Bay, and 6 ad. from Platteklip, Table Mountain.—Dorsal and lateral

surfaces deep velvety black, often with a greenish tinge in some

lights; becoming dark green after long immersion in spirits. The

five longitudinal darker stripes described for balfowrt (on p. 342)

present, but, excepting the medio-dorsal one, not very distinct.

The usual lateral band just above the bases of the legs on each

side slightly lighter in colour than the rest of the dorsal surface

and often more distinctly green in the living animal.

All the papille black, many of the larger tipped with orange-

brown, at least along the lighter lateral bands; these orange-tipped

South African Species of Perrpatide. 337

papilla not markedly less numerous in the two pairs of dark lateral

stripes, but sometimes almost or quite absent from the dorsal

surface proper.

Outer surface of the legs often bluish black and slightly lighter

than the dorsal surface of body, the papillz black, or blue-black, a

number of the larger ones orange-brown in the apical part.

Ventral surface of body generally pale orange, that of the legs

bright orange, becoming after long immersion in spirits pallid,

owing to the complete extraction of the orange colour. Dark pig-

ment occurs on or between the papillee along the median line, in the

pore at the base of each leg, and often also near the posterior end of

the body. Many of the papillee of the ventral surface are partially

pigmented with black. The papille on the under side of the head

are dark green.

The under surface of the Jegs is either without pigment or the

papille are more or less pigmented with black. Spinous pads

yellowish green, the proximal ones often orange, becoming pale

yellowish in spirits. Foot bluish grey to almost black. Claws pale

at the base, dark brown at the apex.

All the young (2 cm. in length and under) from the same locality

at St. James differ markedly from the adults in colour. The

ventral surface is almost entirely free from dark pigment, excepting

under the head, and generally also along the median line and in

the basal pores of the legs. The upper surface resembles that of

balfourt rather than the adult capensis, for the larger papille are

much more extensively, often, especially on the sides of the body,

entirely orange with a ring of dark pigment at the tips. The orange

papille on the legs are very pronounced and numerous, resembling

those on the sides of the body.

Reddish forms.—I have also examined several adult specimens

from Rondebosch (f. Treleaven) and Newlands. In one from the

latter place the orange-red of numerous large papille extends over

their whole surface and often also round their bases, this being

especially the case in the lateral band just above the bases of the

legs. The dorsal surface thus acquires a distinct reddish hue, and

the lateral bands appear quite red. The legs, however, remain

bluish black, the orange being here confined to the apical region of

the larger papilla. The under surface (exclusive of the head) of

several of these specimens is almost devoid of dark pigment, except-

ing along a faint median streak and often also at the posterior end

of the body. A young specimen (1} em. long) from the same

locality resembles those from St. James.

338 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Mr. Sedgwick described specimens in which the dorsal surface

and most of its papillee are reddish brown, but I have not met with

such cases. The same author states that the colour appears to be

hardly at all affected by spirits. This is scarcely correct, for the

red of the ventral surface may disappear after a few weeks, and

although that of the dorsal papilla may remain for some years, it

also ultimately entirely disappears, while the black pigment becomes

dark green.

Locality.—P. capensis is widely distributed over the Cape

Peninsula. It has been found under stones in ravines on the

mountain-side at St. James (False Bay), and in similar places on the

Cape Town side of Table Mountain (near Platteklip). It is found

throughout the woods at Newlands, Rondebosch, Wynberg, and

Constantia, often in hiding in rotten tree-stumps. It is not con-

fined to the mountain slopes, but occurs in the low-lying land as

well.

2. PERIPATOPSIS MOSELEYI (Wood-Mason).

Peripatus moseleyi, Wood-Mason, Morphol. notes bearing on the

origin of Insects, in: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

for 1879, p. 155.

Sedgwick, A monograph on the spec. and

distr. of the genus Peripatus, Guild., in:

@. J. M.S. (2), xxvin., 1888; reprinted in=

Stud. Morph. Lab. Cambridge, iv., pages 168,

169-171, pl. xvii., fig. 8.

The original diagnosis was very brief, as follows: ‘‘ P. moseleyi,

with 21-22 pairs of walking legs, from South Africa.” * Professor

Sedgwick subsequently obtained and described in detail one of

Wood-Mason’s specimens, together with four others in the

possession of the Indian Museum, the locality of which is stated to

be ‘‘near William’s Town, South Africa.”” Sedgwick states that

Wood-Mason’s specimen was found by Mr. J. P. Mansel Weale,

but no locality is given. As Mr. Weale is known to have collected

many natural history specimens from the King William’s Town and

East London Divisions in the Cape Colony,} I think it highly

probable that the type-specimens of this form were also found by

him somewhere in these two districts.

* Were it not for Sedgwick’s subsequent description P. moseleyi would have

remained quite unrecognisable. A diagnosis based on the number of legs alone

without the exact locality is totally insufficient.

+ See for instance: R. Trimen, S. Afr. Butterflies, i., p. xi., 1887.

South African Species of Peripatide. 339

Sedgwick has also recorded a specimen of P. moseleyi with 22

pairs of legs, found in the Botanic Gardens, Pietermaritzburg, Natal

(in: Note on a Peripatus from Natal, Proc. Phil. Soc. Cambridge,

vii., pp. 250-251).

Six specimens (3 large ?, 1 large and 2 small 3), collected

by Mr. E. A. Haviland at Escourt, Natal, in 1896, are the only

ones in the Museum referable to P. moseleyi. The colour of

these specimens after immersion in spirits for nearly two years is

as follows :—

Dorsal surface a uniform dark green. In one specimen the

larger papille are paler and brownish green, especially round their

bases (these and the lateral bands were probably brown in the living

animal), while in another a few conspicuous bright orange papille

occur on the anterior part of the body. Skin of head sometimes

pallid between the dorsal papille. Of the five darker longitudinal

stripes described for balfowri (p. 342) only the medio-dorsal one is

very distinct. On each side just above the bases of the legs is the

usual lighter band (generally of a paler green, but greenish brown

in one specimen). Outer surface of the legs dark green, without any

brown papilla. The under surface is uniformly pale, without any

dark pigment, except on the head, where the papilla are mostly

tinged with green.

All possess 22 pairs of pregenital claw-bearing legs, the feet of

which are often striped on the dorsal surface with dark green longi-

tudinal lines, just as in Sedgwick’s specimens. The spinous pads

are yellowish or partly green, the middle pad being 1-6-2 times as

wide as the proximal pad. The rudimentary leg on each side of the

genital opening is a mere tubercle without feet and with rudimentary

or no spinous pad.

The papillz of the dorsal and lateral surfaces of body high,

conico-cylindrical but not clavate, mostly rounded at the apex, those

in the lateral paler bands often compressed at the base (possibly on

account of the contraction of the body).

Although Escourt is three hundred miles distant from King

William’s Town there is nothing in the nature of the intervening

country to render the occurrence of the same species throughout

this wide area improbable.

3. PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

Three specimens in a bottle labelled ‘‘ Pietermaritzburg, Natal (Col.

J. H. Bowker, 1892), with 23-24 pairs of claw-bearing pregenital

340 Annals of the South African Musewm.

legs. Papille shaped as in capensis. Colour dark green, with the

larger papillae pale or brown. The lateral band on each side just

above the bases of the legs paler green or quite brown.

It seems to me probable that these specimens belong to a distinct

species, but I do not care to create a new specific name for them, as

their age and the state of preservation of two of them renders them

scarcely suitable for description.

(b) Species in which the rudimentary leg on each side of the genital

opening is normally provided with a rudimentary and clawless, but

distinctly recognisable foot. (On account of the state of preservation

of some, and the small number of specimens at my disposal of others,

I have not thought it advisable to attach new specific names to the

three forms which come under this heading.)

4, PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

Two old specimens, labelled ‘‘ Katberg Forest,” fifty miles north-

west of King William’s Town (W. C. Scully, 1884), with 21 pairs of

claw-bearing pregenital legs. Papille mostly low and stumpy,

conico-hemispheerical, higher at the posterior part of body. The

rudimentary leg on each side of the genital opening furnished with

a spinous pad and a distinct foot, the latter bearing an anterior and

a posterior papilla near the apex, but no claws.

5. PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

A small female from Richmond, Natal (Rev. J. R. Ward, 1898),

with 21 pairs of claw-bearing preegenital legs. Papillee shaped as in

moseleyi. The dorsal and lateral surfaces of the living animal were

of a bright orange colour, with a black median stripe, and midway

between the latter and the bases of the legs are a number of

blackened papilla, which form a dark stripe on each side. Outer

surface of legs with blue-black papillae and a few pinkish brown

ones. Under surface of body pink, without dark pigment. Genital

legs like those of the previous form, but the spinous pad appears to

be rudimentary. I examined this specimen alive.

6. PERIPATOPSIS, spec. nov. (?).

A large male, also from Richmond, Natal (Rev. J. R. Ward, 1898),

with 20 pairs of claw-bearing pregenital legs, was, when alive, of an

almost uniform dark olive-greenish brown, with the usual black

medio-dorsal stripe and a paler lateral band on each side just above

South African Species of Peripatide. 341

the bases of the legs. Colour of legs and ventral surface and

structure of the genital legs as in the previous form. Papille

shaped as in moseleyi. This specimen was examined alive.

It is a matter of uncertainty whether the two last-mentioned

forms from Richmond belong to one or to two species, and whether

either or both are co-specific with the specimens from the Katberg

Forest.

§ 2. Rudimentary legs on each side of the genital opening furnished

with perfect feet, each bearing a pair of claws.

7. PERIPATOPSIS BALFOURI (Sedg.).

Peripatus capensis (ad part.), Grube, Anneliden, p. 4, in: Reise der

dsterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in

den Jahren, 1857, 1858, and 1859. Zoologischer

Theil. Bd. ii., Abthlg. ii. Wien, 1868.

a a (ad part.), Moseley and Sedgwick, in: Balfour,

Anat. and devel. of P. capensis, Q. J. M. 8. (2)

xxill., 1883 (pp. 3-8 of the reprint refer to

capensis and balfour?).

5 balfourt, Sedgwick, The develop. of P. capensis, Pt. 1,

Q. J. M.S. (2), xxv., p. 450, 1885 ; reprinted in:

Stud. Morph. Lab. Cambridge, iv., p. 2, 1889.

” . Sedgwick, A monograph on the spec. and distrib.

of the Gen. Perzpatus, Guild., in: Q.J. M. S. (2),

xxvil., 1888; reprinted in: Stud. Morph. Lab.

Cambridge, iv., pp. 166-7, pl. xvii., figs. 9-10,

and pl. xx., fig. 24.

Characters.—Claw-bearing legs 18 pairs; the middle spinous pad

broad, 2—2°6 times as wide as the proximal pad.

The leg on each side of the genital opening in the female with the

well-developed foot somewhat smaller, or at least shorter, than that

of the preceding leg ; the trunk much reduced, with one distinct or

rudimentary spinous pad and sometimes with rudiments of a second,

and about two rows of papillz between the pad and the body on the

median side. In the male the foot is much smaller than those of

the previous pair, and the trunk and spinous pads are even more

reduced than in the female. The penultimate pair of legs is also

somewhat smaller than the preceding pair in the male.

The papillee on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of body conical or

cylindrical but never clavate, often conical at base and attenuated

342 Annals of the South African Museum.

and sub-cylindrical in the distal part; high, mostly at least as high

as broad at the base.

Length and width of large g (alive and extended): 32 x 2°1mm.

55 io Se eee 5 43 x 3mm.

$5 ,, of another large ? , preserved in alcohol. sol. of

HgCl, and contracted: 28 x 3-75 mm.

Colour.—Dorsal and lateral surfaces dark olive-green to almost

black, with five darker longitudinal stripes, viz., a narrow, well-

defined, medio-dorsal stripe, divided longitudinally by a fine white

line, and two broader, generally less distinctly defined, lateral stripes

on each side. The lower of the lateral stripes connects the upper

portions of the bases of the legs, while the upper one lies between

these and the dorsal stripe, but nearer to the former than to the

latter. In the medio-dorsal and lower lateral stripes there are

generally no orange papilla, although occasionally a couple may be

present ; in the upper lateral stripe a few orange papille generally

occur in places, or they are entirely absent from it. The surface

between the two lateral stripes forms on each side a lateral band

lying just above the bases of the legs and generally of a lighter

shade of colour than the broader dorsal bands, which lie between

the upper lateral and the medio-dorsal dark stripes, one on each side

of the latter.

The ordinary papille are black or almost so, many of them with

a minute pallid or orange dot in the middle of the apex. Evenly

distributed amongst these, except in the five dark stripes, are a much

fewer number of large orange-coloured papillee (about 40-50 to each

of the 18 leg-bearing body segments). The orange colour occupies

the sides of the papilla, and generally also (but not in all specimens)

spreads a little round the base, while the apex is generally dark

green or black with a minute orange dot in the centre. In pre-

served specimens all the orange is extracted and the papilla appear

white.

The outer surface of the legs is dark green, without any green-

tipped orange papille.

Ventral surface of body and legs in preserved specimens pallid or

slightly tinged with green between the papillz ; the numerous papillee

more or less dark green, sometimes only faintly tinged. No trans-

verse or longitudinal green stripes.

Spinous pads of legs in the living animal greenish yellow—in pre-

served specimens green, the proximal part of the middle pad

yellowish. oot a bluish or blackish grey. Claws pale at the base,

dark brown at the apex.

South African Species of Peripatide. 343

Amongst the large number of specimens which I have examined,

those from the following localities deserve special notice :—

(a) About forty specimens from the wooded slopes of Table

Mountain at Newlands. It is characteristic of these specimens that

the dark-green pigment is very often (but not always) very faint or

quite absent between the dark-green papille on the head, and some-

times almost the whole surface of the latter, including the papille,

is quite white and devoid of all pigment. In some specimens a large

amount of orange-red pigment occurs, in addition to the colouring

matter which is always present in the orange papille. This gives

the dorsal surface a decided reddish hue, while the lighter parts

(upper surface of head, ventral surface, especially of head) become

bright orange-red. In one very red specimen the greater part of the

head, however, was quite white in the living animal. In these red

specimens the ordinary green pigment is present in the usual

quantity. Orange papille were never absent from the dorsal surface.

Professor Sedgwick appears to have obtained his specimens from

this locality.

(b) About forty specimens from the mountain-side at Simons

Town. In these the dorsal surface of the head is always as darkly

pigmented as the rest of the upper surface. The ventral surface of

the body in the living animal is pale with a bluish or pinkish tinge,

that of the head orange-red. The orange pigment of the dorsal

surface is confined to the orange papillw, and is sometimes very

pale. Im some specimens these orange papille are partially or

wholly blackened in some parts of the body; these form a transition

to the following :—

James (False Bay). In these all the papille of the dorsal and lateral

surfaces are black, without any trace of orange.* Otherwise they

resemble the specimens from Simons Town.

(d) A single female specimen preserved in spirits and found in

the Cedar Mountains at the Boschkloof Waterfall, near Clanwilliam,

by Mr. C. L. Leipoldt in November, 1897. The peculiarity of this

specimen is the presence on the outer surface of each leg of a small

number (two to four) of green-tipped orange papillz, similar to those

on the body. These are never found on the legs of specimens from

the Cape Peninsula, although in these the apices of one or two of

the papille of the legs may occasionally be orange, owing to the

expansion of the central apical dot over the whole tip. The skin of

* I was formerly inclined to consider these a new species (Trans. 8. A. Phil.

Soc., ix., p. xviii, 1897).

344 Annals of the South African Museum.

the head is paler than the rest of the dorsal surface. The orange of

the papille is still recognisable after nearly a year.

The effect of hardening agents and spirits of wine upon the colour

deserves notice. At first the green tinge gives place to a deep black,

only to reappear after the lapse of some months, and in course of

time the dark pigment becomes a more and more decided green.

Iimersion in spirits for a few weeks or months further causes every

trace of orange and red to disappear.

Locality.—Under stones, logs, bark, and in rotten wood on the

slopes of Table and other mountains of the Cape Peninsula, and in

the Cedar Mountains, Clanwilliam. I have found this species in

the Platteklip Ravine on the Cape Town side of Table Mountain,

in the woods on the Newlands slope, and in ravines near Camp’s

Bay and Hout Bay; also at St. James and at Simons Town along

the False Bay coast. I have never met with it on Signal Hill, which

is the home of P. leonina.

P. balfourt was confused with capensis for a long time, until

Sedgwick separated it in 1885. In his original description this

author states that the larger papille on the dorsal surface are white,

and that the eighteenth pair of legs in the male is hardly distinguish-

able from the large papillae found near the hind end of the body.

This caused me at first to consider the specimens described above as

eer different from Sedgwick’s balfouri (Trans. 8. A. Phil. Soc.,

, p. xviii, 1897), but [I am now convinced of their identity, and

ae it probable that that author’s description was drawn up from

preserved specimens only.

8. PERIPATOPSIS LEONINA, Nn. sp.*

Characters.—Claw-bearing legs 22 pairs in the types, 21 pairs in

other specimens ; the middle spinous pad very broad, 2°2—3 times as

wide as the proximal pad.

The leg on each side of the genital opening as in balfouwri in both

sexes,

In the male the last pregenital pair of legs is also somewhat

smaller than the penultimate pair.

The papillae on the dorsal and lateral surfaces shaped as in

balfouri.

Length of large ¢ (alive and extended): 34 mm.

* These specimens are referred to by me in Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc., ix.,

pp. Xvili-Nix, 1897.

South African Species of Peripatide. 345

Length and width of large @ (alive and extended) : 49 x 2:8 mm.

ae as same @, preserved in ale. sol. of HgCl, and

contracted: 34 x 4 mm.

Colour.—Dorsal and lateral surfaces greenish black to black

(becoming dark green after long immersion in spirits), with five

darker longitudinal stripes exactly similar to those of balfouri. The

lateral band just above the bases of the legs on each side lighter

than the dorsal surface. The orange papille blackened at the apex

and exactly resembling those of balfowri in their distribution, except-

ing that they are never wanting.

Ventral surface generally pink in the living animal, pale in pre-

served specimens, with numerous papillee more or less tinged with

dark green; traces of a dark, longitudinal, median line and dark

transverse lines between the bases of opposite legs rarely present.

Legs.—Outer surface black to greenish black, without any green-

tipped orange papille. Ventral surface like the under side of body.

Colour of spinous pads, feet and claws, as in balfowri.

The orange papille of the body lose their colour much more

rapidly in spirits than is the case in balfowri, the papillae: becoming

white after a few hours’ immersion. I have never noticed orange or

red pigment, similar to that found in some specimens of balfowri,

in any other parts of the dorsal surface.

Locality.—A number of males and females from under stones in

the small ravines on the Cape Town side of Signal Hill (Lions Hill)

during the winter months. I have never found this species on Table

Mountain nor in any other locality, and it appears to be the only

one inhabiting Signal Hill. Its existence there was first pointed out

to me by Mr. R. M. Lightfoot.

Individuals with 22 pairs of legs were found to be just twice as

numerous as those with 21 pairs; this applies to both sexes. I have

no doubt as to the specific identity of both these series of specimens.

Apart from the fact that I could discover no differences either in

habits, colour, or structure, other than the number of legs, is the

circumstance of a female with 22 pairs of legs giving birth shortly

after being captured to thirteen young, two of which possessed 21

pairs of legs and the remaining eleven 22 pairs each. I have also

captured a male specimen with 21 pairs on one side of the body and

22 on the other.

9. PERIPATOPSIS SEDGWICKI, N. sp.

Characters.—Claw-bearing legs 20 pairs; the middle spinous pad

not very broad, 1:5—2-2 times as wide as the proximal pad.

346 Annals of the South African Museum.

The legs on each side of the genital opening in the female with

the foot normally developed, although smaller than that of the pre-

ceding legs, the trunk much reduced but better developed than in

either of the preceding species and longer than the foot, generally

with two, sometimes even with three, rarely only one distinct spinous

pad, and several rows of papillae between the pad and the body on

the median side. In the male the foot, pads, and trunk of the leg

are much more reduced than in the female.

Most of the papille of the dorsal and lateral surfaces are short

and stumpy with rounded apices, often conico-hemispherical,

especially the larger ones of the middle portions of the body, the

smaller ones, however, often sub-cylindrical in their distal part and

slenderer ; none are ever clavate.

Length and width of only g (preserved in ale. sol. of HgCl, and

contracted) : 25 x 4:25 mm.

Length and width of largest ? (similarly contracted): 52 x 7 mm.

Colour of preserved specimens (24 years in spirits).“—Dorsal and

lateral surfaces : Ground colour made up of black (varying to greenish

black) and orange-brown pigment. The latter predominates in the

broad dorsal band on each side of the medio-dorsal stripe, and

especially in the lateral band just above the bases of the legs on

each side, both pairs of bands appearing orange-brown. The dark

pigment predominates in five longitudinal dark stripes, corresponding

to those of balfourt. Of these the medio-dorsal one is the darkest

and narrowest, and is divided longitudinally by a fine white line,

while the upper lateral stripes are very broad with numerous orange-

brown papillee.

The papille are black with numerous large orange-brown ones

interspersed amongst them. These latter are broadly orange-brown

round their bases, and mostly not green-tipped ; they are evenly dis-

tributed over the whole surface, often occurring in the lower dark

lateral stripe as well. In the light-coloured lateral bands the dark

pigment of the papille is often almost entirely replaced by orange-

brown.

Ventral surface uniformly pale, without pigment, or more often

with dark pigment forming a faint or more or less distinct median

longitudinal stripe, and transverse stripes between the bases of

opposite legs.

* These specimens are mentioned in Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc., ix., p. xviii,

1897. The original colour of the dorsal surface has remained practically un-

changed, as far as I can recollect, although the original tints of the ventral side

have probably disappeared.

South African Species of Peripatide. 347

Legs.—Outer surface with numerous very dark smaller papille

and a number of large pale orange papillae. Ventral surface with-

out pigment. Spinous pads yellowish. Feet and claws coloured as

in balfouri.

In some specimens the two kinds of pigments are more

evenly distributed over the dorsal surface, which appears

greenish brown or brownish green with the upper lateral dark

stripes indistinct.

Locality.—Hleven females of various sizes and one small male, all

preserved in an alcoholic solution of HgCl,, and collected by

myself at the Knysna in March, 1896. They occur in rotten wood in

the forests and under weed-heaps, &e., on the farms near the town.

This is a very large and stout species, and differs markedly in

colour from the other species of this section. The genital legs, too,

are much better developed. The orange-brown pigment is only

partially dissolved by spirits; the greater portion remains undis-

solved and the colour scarcely changes. I dedicate this handsome and

distinct species, which rivals capensis in size, to Mr, Adam Sedgwick.

Other localities are :—

(a) Plettenberg Bay in the Knysna Division. Several very badly

preserved specimens from this locality are recognisable as belonging

to this species.

(6) Grahamstown. ‘Two specimens, presented by Dr. Schonland,

undoubtedly belong to this species and agree very closely with the

types in colour and structure, excepting that the dorsal and lateral

papilla are longer and not so stumpy. A third specimen from the

same bottle differs in the ground-colour of the dorsal surface, which

is green instead of brown, with numerous large brown papille ; the

lateral bands are entirely brown. This specimen is doubtless merely

a colour variety of sedgwick.

A female captured at the end of March, 1896, at the Knysna con-

tained a number of embryos of a very advanced stage of development,

and evidently almost ready for birth. They already possessed five

longitudinal green lines, corresponding to the dark ones of the adult,

while the legs were also dark green.

10. PERIPATOPSIS CLAVIGERA, 0. sp.

Characters.—Claw-bearing legs 17 pairs ; the middle spinous pad

very broad, 2°2—2'9 times as wide as the proximal pad.

The leg on each side of the genital opening in the female with the

foot normally developed and slightly smaller than that of the pre-

348 Annals of the South African Musewm.

ceding leg; the trunk very much reduced and scarcely as long as

the foot; only the distal pad is present, although sometimes in a

rudimentary condition, and between it and the body there is only

one row of papillze on the median side.

The papillz on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body mostly

flat-topped, cylindrical, or clavate, many being enlarged in the distal

part and constricted towards the middle or base.

Length and width of largest 2 (preserved in ale. sol. of HgCl,

and contracted) : 34 x 44 mm.

Colour of preserved specimens (24 years in spirits).—Dorsal and

lateral surfaces dark green,* the lateral band on each side just above

the bases of the legs lighter than the dorsal surface. The medio-

dorsal and the lower lateral darker stripes distinct and similar to

those of balfowri ; the upper lateral dark stripe, however, distinctly

defined only along its lower border and as thickly studded with

orange papille as the rest of the dorsal surface. These papille

evenly distributed over the whole surface (except in the medio-dorsal

stripe) and also between the legs, resembling those of balfowri in

colour but not becoming white in spirits.

Ventral surface more or less tinged with green in places, some-

times the greater part greenish. The papillae with dark-green tips

numerous ; intermingled with them are a fewer number of pallid

papilla, which are broadly pallid round their bases and green-tipped

in the darker specimens only. These pale papillee correspond to the

orange ones of the dorsal surface.

Legs.—Outer surface dark green with no, or at most one or two,

orange papille to each leg. Under surface like the ventral side of

body, but often paler. Spinous pads green, the proximal pad or the

proximal part of the middle pad, or both sometimes yellowish.

Locality.—I collected four large females from rotten logs in the

forest at Knysna.

This species is much rarer than sedgwicki, which inhabits the

same locality and was also found in the same logs. It differs from

all the other species of the genus in possessing the curious clavate

papilla of Opisthopatus cinctipes on the upper surface.

On dissecting a specimen of this species, captured at the end of

March, 1896, I found the oviducts full of a number of very advanced

* These specimens were collected in March, 1896, and in August of the same

year I referred to them as being of a black colour above (Trans. S. A. Phil. Soc.,

ix., p. xviii, 1897). The change to dark green is quite the usual one, and the

original colour was probably a greenish black, which agrees very well with my

recollections of the living animal.

South African Species of Peripatide. 349

embryos, evidently almost ready for birth. In the intestinal canal

of the same specimen was the empty skin of another, which had

been swallowed whole, and to which the jaws and some of the claws

of the legs were still attached.

The following form of this section is unknown to me :—

11. Prripatopsis, spec. nov. (?)

Sedgwick, A Monograph on the spec. and distr. of the genus

Peripatus, Guild., loc. cit.

On p. 169 of the reprint this form is described as a specimen from

Table Mountain with 20 pairs of claw-bearing legs, and closely

resembling balfowri in colour and structure. The last pair of legs,

between which the genital opening lies, has a normal foot but no

spinous pads, and is much reduced in size. Sedgwick places this

form provisionally as a variety of balfowri.

Gen. OPISTHOPATUS, nov.

Type O. cinctipes, n. sp.

Characters.—As in Peripatopsis except: The leg on each side

of the genital opening not rudimentary, as large and as well de-

veloped as the preceding pair and probably used for walking. Foot

with a single anterior, a posterior, and a dorsal papilla, all of which

are large and near the apex. Genital opening in the form of a trans-

verse slit, a little remote from the hind end of the body.

Male unknown.

In the female specimen which I opened the oviducts resemble

those of P. capensis in being unprovided with receptacula seminis.

They differ, however, in containing a number of embryos of different

stages of development, the one immediately before the external open-

ing being much larger than any of the others in the same oviduct.

Evidently the young are born at remote intervals, and not all within

a short period as in Peripatopsis. With regard to the position of

the organs in the posterior half of the body, it may be mentioned

that the intestinal canal was pressed against the left side of the body

and slightly ventral; the portion of the right oviduct containing the

large embryo nearest the opening lay along the ventral body-wall,

while the left oviduct with its large embryo lay above the right one,

just under the dorsal wall of the body, crossing over the intestinal

canal near its posterior end,

300 Annals of the South African Museum.

The narrow slit-like genital opening is raised on an eminence and

is situated at some little distance from the anus and hind end of the

body, which projects some distance beyond the last pair of legs. In

this respect the genus bears some apparent resemblance to the con-

dition which obtains in the Australasian species.

The dorsal surface is provided with a fine median white line, and

the outer jaws, like those of Peripatopsis, possess a small accessory

tooth at the base of the main tooth.

This genus to some extent resembles the Australasian species of

Peripatoides, in which the papille of the feet are similarly arranged,

and the genital opening is also situated between the last pair of fully

developed legs. It differs, however, in having a transverse genital

opening, and in the absence of receptacula seminis in the female.

Only the following species is known :-——

12. OPISTHOPATUS CINCTIPES, N. sp.

Characters.-—Claw-bearing legs 16 pairs ; the middle spinous pad

broad, two to three times as wide as the proximal pad. Papille of

dorsal and lateral surfaces cylindrical or clavate, many of them being

enlarged in the distal part and constricted towards the middle or

base, mostly flat-topped at apex.

Length of spirit specimen 21 mm., breadth 3$ mm.

Colour of spirit specimens.—Dorsal and lateral surfaces very dark

ereen, the lateral band on each side just above the bases of the legs

paler green. The ordinary papille very dark, almost black in the

distal part, the orange-brown papille scattered amongst these in the

same proportion as in P. balfowri, with or without dark green round

the tips. Dark medio-dorsal stripe distinct, divided longitudinally

in places by a fine white line.

Outer surface of legs and the sides of the body between the legs

dark green, with numerous dark-green papillze and a small number

of orange-brown ones. Ventral surface of legs peculiarly marked

with transverse bands of pale papille, alternating with similar bands

of dark-green ones. Spinous pads green, the proximal pad and the

proximal part of the middle pad generally yellowish.

Ventral surface of body pallid, pigmented with dark green in the

pores at the bases of the legs, and, in one specimen, on an irregular

median area behind each pair of legs. Numerous more or less dark-

green papille are scattered over the whole surface.

Locality.—Two specimens (one of which on opening proved to be

a female) from Dunbrody, near Blue Cliff Station, Uitenhage Div.

(Rev. J. A. O’ Neil, 1898).

South African Species of Peripatide. 301

The following form of uncertain position is unknown to me :—

PERIPATUS BREVIS, Blainville.

Page 8 of Gervais’ Etude pour servir a l’histoire natur. des

Myriap., in: Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), vii, 1837.

Black above, pallid below, with 14 pairs of legs; length 43 mm.,

breadth 4mm. Found under a stone in a wood on Table Mountain.

(Quoted from Sedgwick, 1898.) Moseley considers this species to

be capensis badly described. The circumstance that it appears never

to have been found again certainly lends colour to this view.

Synopsis of the named South African Species.

A.—Genital opening longitudinal, situated between a pair of rudimentary

(sometimes quite obsolete) legs .. .. .. .. Gen. PERtpATopsis, Poc,

a. These legs with neither claws nor rudiments of feet.

a‘. Seventeen pairs of claw-bearing legs. Cape Penin. P. capensis (Grube).

bt. Twenty-one to twenty-two pairs of claw-bearing legs. King William’s

Town and Natal... .. .. .. .. .. .. PP. moseleyi (Wood-M.).

b. These legs with normal feet and claws.

a. None of the dorsal and lateral papille clavate.

as. HKighteen pairs of claw-bearing legs. Cape Penin., Clanwilliam.

P. balfouri (Sedgw.).

63, Twenty-one to twenty-two pairs of claw-bearing legs. Cape Penin.

P. leomna, n. sp.

ce. Twenty pairs of claw-bearing legs. Knysna, Graham’s Town.

P. sedqwickt, n. sp.

b°. Many of the papille of the upper surface of body clavate, being en-

larged in the apical part ; seventeen pairs of claw-bearing legs. Knysna.

P. clavigera, n. sp.

B.—Genital opening a transverse slit situated between the last pair of legs, which

are normal and not reduced in size .. .. .. Gen. OPISTHOPATUS, nov.

Claw-bearing legs sixteen pairs. Uitenhage Div... .. O. cinctipes, n. sp.

Doubtful species with fourteen pairs of legs. Table Mountain.

Peripatus brevis, Blainy.

(352 )

X.—A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide

(Order Hymenoptera).—By L. PErinaury, Assistant Director.

(Plate VIII.)

I Hap barely completed my Description of some New or Little Known

South African Mutillide, when the number of these insects in the

cabinet was increased by 26 hitherto undescribed species ; sexes of

seven species were ascertained, and the number of South African

Mutillide described is now 169, while that of which both sexes are

known with certainty is 16.

The Museum is indebted for that considerable increase mainly to

the generosity of Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, who collected in the neigh-

bourhood of Salisbury, Mashonaland, Mr, C. N. Barker, of Durban,

Natal, Rev. J. A. O’Neil, whose captures were made in the Uiten-

hage district, and to Dr. H. Brauns, late of Port Elizabeth, Cape

Colony. To the latter I am indebted for the communication of the

3 of M. tauriceps, Kohl., which, in my opinion, is probably identical

with M. deformis, Sm.

The Rey.J. A.O’ Neil has hit upon a very interesting mode of capture

of both sexes by the so-called ‘‘ sembling’’ method. He finds that by

seizing hold of the female in such a way as to induce her to produce

her well-known stridulating noise, the males immediately appear and

swarm round, and even settle on the hand of the captor, and are

easily secured. In that way he obtained both sexes of MW. cloantha

and M. hecuba, and the identity of the last-named species has been

verified by the capture im coiti made quite independently by Dr.

Brauns.

I have received from Mr. Marshall and Mr. Barker both sexes

of two species caught i copuld. The grasp of the g was not

relaxed in death. The pairing takes place in the air, the male grasp-

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 353

ing the neck of the female by means of his long mandibles, and the

abdomen of the latter is stretched to the utmost and held in position

by the hind legs, and perhaps also by the anal spines.

I have not attempted another key for the 32 species or sexes

described in this paper. I have generally compared them to species

already described, and where I did not do so I have endeavoured to

have the insect fairly figured.

From the little light afforded by the ascertaining of the identity of

sexes, Iam of opinion that nearly all the African species will be easily

grouped round certain well-defined male forms, and that certain

characters now made use of for trying to reduce that world-spread

genus into something like order, will no longer be so much depended

upon.

I find that in my previous paper on the South African Mutillide I

have made use of names already preoccupied, and I propose, there-

fore, to change Mutilla ariadna into M. hebe; M. acidalia into M.

antigone; M. bellona into M. deiadama; M. cassiope into M.

canace ; M. clotho into M. lirtope ; M. electra into M. philomela ;

M. hecate into M. atracis ; M. leda into M, autonoé ; M. megera into

M. oxyroé; M. pandora into M. daphne; M. proserpina into M.

charicloé; and M. tisiphone into M. thymela.

Famiry MUTILLIDZ.

Gen. MUTILLA, Linn.,

Syst. natur., ed. 10a, 1758, pp. 343-582.

MUtTILLA CLOANTHA, Pér.,

Annals §. Afr. Museum, 1., p. 89.

Plate VIII., figs. 18, 20.

?. Black, dotted with black and whitish hairs not densely set,

the black hairs occur on the head and thorax, the white, which are

silvery, are found on the basal joints of antennez, the legs, the under

side, and more sparsely on the abdomen; head nearly quadrate,

much narrower than the prothorax, closely foveolato-punctate, eyes

large, reaching to a short distance from the outer angle, which is

slightly rounded, antennal tubercle reddish; prothorax truncate,

somewhat diagonally at apex from the centre to the apical angle,

354 Annals of the South African Musewm.

gradually ampliated from the apex to the top of the declivity, where

it is about one-fourth broader than at apex, slightly emarginate

laterally in the median part, and with the anterior angle of the

emargination distinct, abruptly truncate behind, with the meta-

thorax divided from the mesothorax by a distinct transverse

groove, closely and irregularly foveate, scrobiculate on the meta-

thorax, with the intervals raised and forming a not very conspicuous

serration on the sides; abdomen sub-sessile, first and second seg-

ments covered with very much elongated deep punctures the

intervals of which are raised and somewhat strigillate; there is a

narrow sub-flavescent band on the apical part of the first segment,

a more or less ovate one in the median part of the second, and a

band on the third and fourth ; the legs are slightly rufescent, and the

tibize are bi-spinose ; ventral carina of first segment carinate, truncate

at both ends, and sharply spinose at apex. Length 94-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

MutvrILLA HECUBA.

3. Black, with the first and second segments pale red, third and

fourth abdominal segments banded and with a sub-flavescent pubes-

cence; head quadrate, nearly twice as broad as long, straight

laterally with the posterior angles not rounded, eyes large, deeply

emarginate but not reaching the median part of the sides, deeply

and closely punctured, clothed with some dusky hairs, and in the

frontal part by a very thick flavescent pubescence ; thorax foveo-

lato-punctate, and broadly foveate on the metathorax, prothorax

clothed with a thick flavescent pubescence; mesothorax with two

longitudinal grooves on each side of the median part, tegule black,

wings smoky, deeper at tip; scutellum raised, covered with long,

dense, flavescent hairs; metathorax a little attenuate laterally

behind, with the posterior angles rounded, declivous, and having a

median longitudinal groove reaching from the base to a very short

distance from the declivity and interrupted at tip by a transverse

ridge ; first abdominal segment moderately short, gradually ampliated

from the base, where it is dentate, and a little further distinctly

angulate on each side, also very little coarctate, and not narrower at

apex than the basal part of the second segment, which is slightly

broader than long; both these segments are very closely and some-

what deeply punctured, and have a shagreened appearance, the other

segments are finely punctured ; ventral carina laminate, emarginate

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 355

in the middle, truncate at both ends and with the apical angle sharp

and elongated; tibia spinose. Length 15 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O’Neil, Dr. H.

Brauns.

I know now both sexes of M. cloantha and of M. hecuba, caught

in coitt and by ‘‘sembling.”’ I have ascertained that IM. alcyone,

Pér., is the female of M. exaltata, Sm. These three species, and also

M. tyro, Pér., the female of which is yet unknown, form a very homo

geneous group, both sexes of which are closely allied respectively to

one another, and the species of which could be differentiated as

follows :—

Males. Females.

First and second abdo- Black, with the thorax

minal segments red, infus- red.

cate at tip.

Mesothorax witha median

groove and a raised line or

groove on each side; meta-

thorax with a short median

longitudinal groove inter-

rupted by a_ transverse

carina.

Prothorax covered with Second abdominal seg-

flavescent hairs, third and ment with one median,

fourth abdominal segments round, whitish spot, third

with a flavescent band .. exaltata. segment with a white band ewaltata.

Apical edge of third abdo- Second abdominal seg-

minal segment only with a ment with one median,

flavescent band .. .. .. cloantha. round, whitish spot, third

and fourth segment with a

white band .. .. .. .. cloantha.

Head, scutellum, and Second abdominal seg-

metathorax clothed with a ment with a moderately

flavescent pubescence, third small, round, median spot,

and fourth abdominal seg- and on each side of it a fla-

ments banded .. .._.. hecuwba. vescent, pubescent patch,

third and fourth segments

panded si 5 oe 5 3s «=~ Recuba:.

Metathorax only covered

with flavescent hairs, and

naying a broad longitudinal

median groove rounded at

tip, and not interrupted by

transverse ridge, third

abdominalsegment banded tyro. Female unknown.

356 Annals of the South African Museum.

MoutTInLA PSAMMATHE.

?. Black, with the upper part of the thorax red; covered with

rigid, black and greyish hairs not closely set, third abdominal

segment with a transverse yellowish white band interrupted

longitudinally in the middle and not reaching the outer sides; head

broader than long on the vertex, a little rounded laterally behind

the eyes which are large, roughly foveate and set with a short, not

thick slightly flavescent pubescence; thorax as broad as the head

across the vertex, one-third longer than broad, nearly parallel but

for a slight sinuation at about the median part, sloping slightly from

the median part to the outer angle in front, perpendicular behind,

covered with large, elongate fovew, with the intervals raised, sharp

and wavy; abdomen pyriform, sub-sessile, first joint seemingly

impunctate, second covered with elongated punctures, with fine

raised intervals very closely set, the first segment has no pubescent

white band, but is beset principally at base with long erect greyish

hairs similar to those covering the legs, sides and under side of

the abdomen; the second segment has no apical pubescent band,

but I am of opinion, judging by the punctuation of the apical part,

that the pubescence has been rubbed; ventral carina laminate with

both ends truncate and a little sharp at tip; tibize with a double row

of spines, spurs white, pygidium very closely and finely punctured.

Length 94 mm.

3. Black, with the whole thorax red, clothed with dense greyish

white hairs, apex of first and second abdominal segments fringed

with a white pubescence, third segment entirely clothed with the

same pubescence; head more than twice broader than long on the

vertex, rounded a little in the posterior angles, eyes large, not

emarginate, deeply and closely pitted ; mesothorax with two longi-

tudinal median grooves, tegule dark red, wings smoky from base to

apex, scutellum much raised, nearly round, fringed with closely set,

long greyish hairs, metathorax constricted at base, a little ampliated

behind with the posterior angles quite rounded, abruptly declivous,

more broadly foveate than the pro- and mesothorax ; first abdominal

segment moderately long, sharply dentate on each side at base,

gradually ampliated from there to the apex where it is as broad as the

base of the second segment which seems the continuation of it, and

is very little broader than long; they are both closely punctured

with smooth intervals; the ventral carina of the first segment is

laminiform and truncate at both ends, and slightly emarginate in

the middle; the tibia have one series of spines, and the spurs are

ivory-white. Length 12 mm.

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 357

Both sexes resemble M. purpurata, Sm., the ? is distinguished

by the thorax more parallel, not attenuated in the anterior part and

less emarginate at about the median part, the elongated punctures

on the second segment are also much more pronounced, and the

abdomen is a little more sessile; the g resembles very much that

of M. purpurata, but the whole thorax is red, the metathorax is a

little more constricted at the base, the punctures on the second

segment are not so confluent, and the apical white band of the

second segment is hardly interrupted in the centre.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

(FEMALES.)

MUTILLA CELIMENE,

Plate VIII., fig. 29.

?. Ferruginous red, abdomen black with the exception of the first

segment which is also red, second abdominal segment with a basal

median flavescent ovate round patch and two lateral and one median

arranged transversely near the apical part, the three apical segments

are banded with a sub-flavescent whitish pubescence ; head rounded,

smaller than the thorax, eyes large, lateral, reaching further than the

median part of the outer sides which are very much rounded; it is

covered with a flavescent pubescence interspersed with a few rigid

hairs, and is very rugose; thorax very irregularly foveolate, nearly

straight at apex, slightly rounded laterally near the anterior angle,

of nearly equal width from the anterior part to about the median

part where it is very slightly incised, and from there slightly but

gradually attenuated as far as the posterior declivity which bears

a small but distinct sharp tubercle in the middle, and where it is

slightly narrower than at the apical part; the sides are not serrulate,

and it is covered with a flavescent pubescence; abdomen briefly

sub-pedunculate, basal segment fringed with dense silky hairs

forming almost a band, the second segment is a little longer than

broad, covered with long, foveate punctures hidden by a dense black

pubescence, from which emerge some black and greyish hairs, the

pygidium is denuded and distinctly strigillate longitudinally ; tibie

with a double series of spines, spurs white. Length 7 mm.

Allied to M. anna, Pér., from which it differs by the shape of the

thorax, which is not quite so attenuate behind, and by the arrange-

ment of the white abdominal spots and bands which approximate

very much that of MW. tettensis, Gerst.

Hab. Mozambique (Lourengo Marques). G. A. K. Marshall.

358 Annals of the South African Museum.

MUTILLA OPIS.

Black, covered a brief flavescent pubescence and a few moderately

long greyish hairs ; antenne rufescent, apical and basal part of legs

and the whole of the tarsi rufescent; thorax red, abdomen black,

and with two median flavescent patches on the second segment,

all the four apical segments fringed with dense sub-flavescent hairs,

not dense or short enough to form a band; head large, quadrate, but

a little rounded in the posterior angles, broader than the thorax,

eyes large, lateral but hardly reaching the median part of the outer

sides which are straight, frontal part with two very distinct, small

tubercles above the point of insertion of antenne ; the whole head

is covered with closely set punctures without raised intervals ; thorax

sloping slightly at each side of the apex, with the anterior angles

sharp and projecting, sub-parallel but a little narrowed gradually

towards the posterior declivity, and slightly emarginate towards the

median part; it is closely punctate, the punctures are slightly

foveolate and closely set, and the sides are serrulate from the

anterior angle to the bottom of the declivity; abdomen sessile,

somewhat pyriform, sharply dentate at base, first segment as broad

at apex as the base of the second, which is nearly as broad as long,

and both covered with very closely set, small elongate punctures,

the other segments are more finely punctured, and the pygidial area

is finely striolate longitudinally ; ventral carina of first segment

laminate, sharply truncate at apex; tibia with a double series of

spines, spurs white. Length 64 mm.

Very closely allied to M. perse, Pér.; the head, although broad,

is not quite so wide, the thorax is a little more emarginate laterally,

the two spots on the second abdominal segment are smaller and

equi-distant from centre and outer margin, and the pygidium is very

closely striolate instead of being very finely rugose.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

MUTILLA EUTERPE,

Plate VIII., fig. 10.

Head, antenne, thorax and legs light ferruginous-red ; abdomen

black with a small elongate central white spot on the second

segment, third joint clothed with a silky white band; head large,

wider than the thorax, quadrate, as broad as long on the vertex,

eyes large, lateral, reaching only the median part of the outer

sides, very rugose, sub-strigillate in the anterior part of the vertex,

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 359

clothed with a whitish slightly flavescent pubescence and with hardly

any erect hairs; thorax elongate, very nearly parallel, truncate at

both ends with the angles sharp, outer sides pluri-dentate, edge of

the posterior declivity with a spine on each side and one in the

centre ; it is foveolato-punctate and clothed with a very short, sub-

flavescent pubescence, with the sides, and especially the declivous

part, set with long, flavescent hairs; abdomen sessile, pyriform, basal

segment very nearly as broad at apex as the base of the second,

punctulate, second segment as broad as long and very closely

punctured ; the three apical segments, principally the last, are

clothed with greyish white hairs which do not, however, form bands ;

intermediate and posterior tibiae with a single series of spines, spurs

whitish ; pygidial area finely striolate. Length 5 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

Easily distinguished by the shape of the head and prothorax from

all the South African species having a single median white spot on

the second abdominal segment.

MvutTInLA ANDROMACHE.

@. Black, covered with black hairs, greyish on the sides, the

frontal part of the head and the legs, second and third abdominal

segments with a slightly flavescent pubescent band fringing the

former and covering the latter but broadly interrupted in the centre ;

head deeply and closely pitted, a little narrower than the apical part

of the thorax, nearly truncate behind, but with the posterior angles

rounded, eyes large, reaching beyond the median part of the sides ;

thorax nearly straight at apex, a little amplated diagonally from the

outer angle to about one-third of the length, where it is slightly

aculeate, a little attenuate from there to the posterior declivity which

is very abrupt and where it is about one-fifth narrower than the

apical part, not serrulate or emarginate laterally ; it is foveolate with

the intervals sharp, those in the centre of the anterior part are less

wavy, and sharper; abdomen sessile, first and second joint some-

what regularly strigillate; the former bas no white pubescent

patch and the band edging the second segment is nearly as broad

as the one covering the dorsal surface of the third; intermediate

tibiz with a double series of spines, posterior ones with a single row,

spurs white. Length 10 mm.

Allied to M. horrida, Sm.; the shape of the head, thorax, and

abdomen is similar, but there is no white patch on the first

360 Annals of the South African Museum.

abdominal segment, and the second is fringed with an interrupted

white band, which is wanting in M. horrida.

Hab. ZGambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA IDIA.

@. Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with an apical silvery

white band fringing the first and second abdominal segments, and

very slightly interrupted in the centre, third segment with a very

short lateral band; head deeply and closely pitted, moderately

truncate at base, a little rounded and ampliated laterally, eyes set

laterally, and reaching nearly but not quite the median part of the

sides ; it is clothed with a few long black bristles interspersed with

shorter greyish hairs, denser on the frontal part and on the basal

joint of antenne, and is about the same width as the apical part

of the thorax ; mandibles long, sharp, with the inner edge tri-sinuate ;

thorax somewhat semicircular in front, gradually ampliated from

the outer anterior angle to a short distance from the median part

where it is distinctly aculeate, and gradually narrowed from there to

the posterior declivity, which is quite perpendicular, and less than

half the width of the apical part; the outer sides have three

serrations from the anterior angle to the aculeate tuberculated part,

and are moderately emarginate for a very short distance behind it ;

it is deeply and irregularly foveolate ; abdomen sub-sessile, first basal

joint with a distinct, sharp lateral spine on either side, and as broad

at apex as the base of the second segment which is one-fourth less

broad than long; both are covered with very closely set elongate

punctures with the intervals slightly raised; it is clothed with

greyish and black, moderately dense, hairs, and the second and third

segments have a conspicuous silky white pubescent ventral band ;

carina of first ventral segment laminate, aculeate at base; tibiee

clothed with densely set greyish-white hairs, spines on tibiz very

conspicuous. Length 13} mm.

Hab. Gambesia (? Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

The shape of the thorax approximates that of M. baucis, Pér. ;

the species, however, is a very distinct one.

MUTILLA CLYTEMNESTRA,

Plate VIII., fig. 9.

@. Black, covered with greyish-white hairs very dense on the

cheeks, the frontal part of the head and the legs; thorax red, first

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 361

abdominal segment with a slightly flavescent white patch on each

side, second segment with a similar apical patch placed at equal

distance from the centre and the outer side, third segment with a

lateral patch more elongate than the one above it and reaching

nearly the outer angle but not quite in a line with the patch on the

basal segment; head very broadly foveate, truncate behind, a little

attenuate in front, slightly ampliated laterally behind the eyes which

are not very large and are placed forward, mandibles broad at apex,

forcipate and bluntly tri-dentate at tip; thorax narrower than the

head, elongate, gradually attenuate from the anterior to the posterior

part, about one-fifth longer than broad, somewhat angulated laterally

about one-third of the length, prothorax nearly truncate, outer sides

very little emarginate laterally, declivity very abrupt; it is covered

with fovee with the intervals raised, sharp and wavy, but more

longitudinal in the anterior median part; abdomen sessile, basal

segment with a sharp basal tooth on each side, as broad at apex as

the basal part of the second, which is a little longer than broad and

closely but irregularly strigillate, the basal one is more roughly

strigillate; the pygidium and the under side of the abdominal

segments are clothed with dense greyish-white hairs; the tibiz have

two series of closely set conspicuous spines, and the spurs are ivory-

white ; the ventral carina of the basal segment is short and sharp

and gradually sloping from base to apex. Length 13-135 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

Probably closely allied to M. ignava, Sm., which is not represented

in the Museum Collection.

MoutrILLA =THRA,

Plate VIII., fig. 2.

2. Upper part of head, antenne, thorax, tibie and tarsi red,.

under side of head, abdomen, and femora black, second abdominal

segment with a basal median flavescent, more or less round, patch and

a supra-lateral one on each side, third and fourth abdominal seg-

ments with a slightly flavescent band; head closely foveolate, very

quadrate in front owing to the gene being produced in a sharp

angular process, transverse on the vertex, nearly truncate behind,

eyes large, lateral, reaching beyond the median part of the outer sides

which are straight; it is covered with a flavescent pubescence inter-

mingled with long black hairs; thorax nearly straight at apex with

the outer angles somewhat rounded, elongate, of equal width for

about one-half of the length, narrower and nearly parallel from there

362 Annals of the South African Museum.

to the posterior declivity which is vertical; it is closely and irregu-

larly foveolate, and the line dividing the metathorax from the meso-

thorax is visible, the outer sides are not serrulate, and there is only

a very small, hardly noticeable lateral tubercle atthe junction of the

meso- and metathorax ; abdomen nearly sessile, basal joint very

short, dentate on each side at the base, not so broad at apex as the

base of the second segment which is nearly one-third longer than

broad, and covered for two-thirds of the length with longitudinal,

slightly wavy raised lines; ventral carina of first segment short,

laminate, truncate at both ends, and slightly emarginate near the

centre; tibia with a very distinct double series of spines, spurs

reddish ; pygidium finely aciculate longitudinally. Length 8-11 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

Belongs to the same group as M. agave ?, Pér.; it is easily

recognised by the quadrate form of the cheeks, which are very

angular at apex.

MUTILLA THAIS,

Plate VIII., fig. 28.

?. Black, with the antennz sub-rufescent for half the length, ver-

tical part of the head with a sub-rufescent posterior patch ; thorax

red, abdomen with the first and second segments fringed with a

narrow silky white pubescent band, second segment with an ovate

white patch in the centre of the base, third segment banded with

white; head a little broader than the apex of the thorax, nearly

twice as broad as long on the vertex, eyes large, lateral, reaching to a

little beyond the outer sides which are a little diagonal, deeply and

closely pitted, and clothed with a very short flavescent pubescence

and a few long black hairs; thorax elongate, straight at apex but

with the outer angle a little rounded, nearly parallel for half the

length, slightly and gradually, but not very conspicuously, narrowed

from there to the posterior declivity where it is about one-third

narrower than at apex; it is closely pitted and clothed with a

very short, not dense, flavescent pubescence and a few black

hairs, the outer margin is not serrulate except along the posterior

declivity, the upper part of which, however, is also slightly

serrulate and has a distinct median tubercle; first abdominal seg-

ment nodose, sharply dentate on each side at base, one-third

narrower at apex than the base of the second one which is ovate,

and both covered with very closely set, slightly elongate punc-

tures hidden by a dense black pubescence; ventral carina of first

abdominal segment long and very deeply emarginate in the centre ;

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 363

tibiz with a double series of spines, spurs whitish, pygidial area

strigillate longitudinally. Length 7 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth). Dr. H. Brauns.

MutTILLA DEIANIRA,

Plate VIIL., fig. 22.

?. Black, with the antenne and legs rufescent, head with a

rufescent patch on the vertex, thorax red, abdomen with two round

flavescent patches on the second segment, equi- distant from the

median part and from the outer margin, and situated a little nearer

to the base than to the apex, third, fourth, and fifth segments banded

with a whitish, slightly flavescent pubescence, apical segment reddish,

finely strigillate longitudinally; head broader than the thorax, nearly

twice as broad as long on the vertex, eyes lateral, not reaching quite

the median part of the outer sides which are straight, and deeply and

closely punctured ; the punctures are elongate, and the whole surface

is clothed with a very short sub-flavescent pubescence; the size of the

rufescent patch varies, and the whole of the basal part is sometimes

rufescent; thorax sub-parallel, moderately short, slightly sloping

diagonally on each side at apex, emarginate laterally at about the

median part, outer margins slightly serrulate ; it is clothed with a

by no means dense flavescent pubescence and a few long flavescent

hairs, and is closely foveolato-punctate ; abdomen pyriform, second

segment covered with closely set punctures, slightly elongate in the

anterior part; ventral carina short, sharply aculeate at apex ; tibia

with a double series of spines, spurs white. Length 64} mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

Allied to M. acrisione, Pér., but smaller; the head and the pro-

thorax especially are much less roughly foveolate, and the intervals

of the latter are not longitudinally carinate ; in M. acrisione only the

third and fourth abdominal segments have a white band.

MuvtTILLA DUCETIS.

?. Black; antennex, with the exception of the basal joint which is

black, slightly rufescent, thorax red, abdomen with all the segments

fringed with a narrow silky white band; head slightly narrower than

the apical part of the thorax, closely foveolato-punctate, very briefly

pubescent, eyes small, set much forward, gene projecting under-

neath, outer sides rounded behind ; thorax truncate at apex, parallel

or very nearly so for half the length, and gradually narrowed from

364 Annals of the South African Museum.

there to the posterior declivity where it is half the width of the apex,

anterior and lateral margins verrucose, that of the posterior declivity

serrulate laterally, clothed with a somewhat dense flavescent pubes-

cence, and very closely foveolato-punctate ; abdomen elongate,

sessile, first joint sharply dentate at base, very briefly stalked,

much ampliated from near the base, somewhat transverse owing to

the sides being straight, second joint oblongo-ovate, and both covered

with deep and closely set rough punctures; tibiz with a double

series of spines, spurs rufescent. Length 7 mm.

Closely allied to M. aglaé, Pér.; the sculpture, markings, and

shape of abdomen are nearly identical, but the shape of the pro-

thorax is different ; it is not so elongate, is more parallel for nearly

half the length, and then attenuated from there only towards the

base, the outer margin is distinctly verrucose, which is not the case

in M. aglaé.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth). Dr. H. Brauns.

MvtTiILLA DUNRRODIA,

Plate VIII., fig. 17.

@. Black, with the two basal joints of antenne reddish, prothorax

red, second seginent of abdomen with two median silky yellow

patches equi-distant from the centre and the outer sides, third,

fourth, and fifth clothed with a slightly flavescent band, last seg-

ment rufescent, faintly striolate on the upper part ; head nearly twice

as broad as long on the vertex, eyes nearly lateral but with the

gene slightly projecting underneath, base sinuate in the centre,

antennal tubercles well developed ; it is slightly wider than the pro-

thorax, and covered with very fine, closely set punctures; thorax

with the apical margin angular on each side of the neck and with

the outer angle very sharp, diagonal from the outer apical angle to

about the median part, where it is deeply emarginate in a semi-

circular way above the angle of the posterior declivity and there

slightly narrower than at apex, the margins are distinctly carinate,

and the whole surface is covered with moderately broad punctures,

and clothed with a fine, decumbent, flavescent pubescence ; abdomen

sessile, second segment globose and covered with very closely set,

round punctures; the legs are slightly rufescent, with the femora

and sometimes the joints of antenne, with the exception of the

two basal ones, piceous-red ; tibiae with a double series of spines,

spurs white. Length 64 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 365

MuTILLA ELMIRA.

?. Black, with the prothorax red, one apical silky white patch in

the median part of the first abdominal segment, a supra-lateral one

on each side of the second segment as well as an apical one in the

middle, and a band of the same white pubescence on the third,

clothed with greyish-white hairs, black on the head, which is large,

as broad as long on the vertex, one-third wider than the thorax at

apex, eyes not large, not lateral, gene projecting much underneath,

nearly straight at base, deeply foveate, but with the fovex closely

set, clothed with a whitish, somewhat dense pubescence; thorax

short, nearly straight at apex, gradually attenuated laterally from

apex to base where it is about one-third narrower, hardly emarginate

laterally, covered with longitudinal carinz, nearly parallel in the

centre, more wavy laterally and sharp from the very edge of the

apex to that of the declivity where they form a distinct serration,

but the outer margin is serrulate right to the end of the posterior

declivity ; abdomen sessile, pyriform, basal joint sharply dentate on

each side, second joint a little broader than long, and both strigillate ;

pygidium also distinctly but more closely strigillate ; ventral carina

of first segment short, slanting at apex; tibiz with a double series

of spines, spurs black. Length 12 mm.

Resembles in general appearance and also in markings M. agave,

Pér., but it is easily differentiated by the shape of the thorax which

is more attenuated behind, and covered with more regularly longitu-

dinal and also sharper carine.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

(MALES.)

MvTILLA DICE.

$. Black, with the thorax dull red, clothed with long greyish

hairs, denser on the edge of all the abdominal segments where they

form a distinct fringe but no band; head quadrate, nearly as broad

as long on the vertex with the sides straight, eyes large, set in the

anterior angle of the head, bulging, not emarginate and reaching only

to about one-third of the length of the sides, it is very closely punc-

tured, and the punctures are deep; thorax red, deeply foveolato-

punctate with the metathorax foveate, mesothorax with two dorsal

longitudinal grooves, scutellum raised, rounded, metathorax abruptly

366 Annals of the South African Musewm.

sloping from near the base; tegule red, wings fumose, infuscate at

tip; first abdominal segment pedunculate, nodose at apex, nearly as

long as the second one and planted on the top of it, both the first and

second segments are closely punctured with the intervals slightly

raised ; tibize not spinose. Length 8 mm.

A close ally of M. egeria, from which it differs by the colour of the

thorax.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

MutTILLA CLELIA.

3. Head black, deeply and closely scrobiculate, clothed with

long black sete interspersed with a few greyish ones, nearly twice

as broad as long on the vertex, with the sides parallel and the base

nearly straight ; eyes large, not emarginate, situated in the anterior

angle of the vertex and reaching the median part of the outer side,

the central part of the vertex has a small protuberance on which are

situated the ocelli ; thorax red on the upper part and sides and nearly

hexagonal, prothorax truncate at apex, a little broader than the

head, mesothorax convex, not grooved longitudinally, scutellum very

prominent, rounded behind and deeply emarginate in the centre,

metathorax sub-quadrate, posterior angles nearly straight; it is

roughly scrobiculate, and clothed with not very dense but long black

hairs turning to white on the edge of the scutellum and on the sides;

abdominal segments closely foveolate, basal segment nodose, with the

pedunculate part very short, implanted on the second one which is

nearly orbicular, apical part of the basal and second segments with

a dense, moderately narrow band of silvery white pubescence, third

segment entirely white ; legs clothed with long greyish-white hairs,

tibiae not spinose; wings hyaline at base for about one-third of the

length, the rest fuscous ; ventral carina of first segment sharp, trun-

cate and sharply aculeate at base. Length 14 mm.

Resembles M. mnemosides 3, Pér., but the thorax is much more

angular laterally in the middle, and is totally red, and the third

segment is clothed with a white pubescent band.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

The three species following belong to a very distinct group with

black thorax, of which no ? is known. They are somewhat alike,

and the females will very likely prove to be also very similar to one

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 367

another. The following synoptic table might help in distinguishing

the species :—

A?*.—MESOTHORAX PRODUCED BEHIND ON EACH SIDE

IN A HORIZONTAL DENTIFORM PROCESS ; FIRST VEN-

TRAL SEGMENT WITH A LAMINATE CARINA NOT

TOOTHED AT APEX, SECOND SEGMENT WITH A VERY

DISTINCT VENTRAL CARINA.

a’, Prothorax clothed with flavescent or yellow

hairs.

b?. Mesothorax with two longitudinal grooves.

Third abdominal segment with a white pubescent

band

No white band on any of the abdominal segments

Apical part of second segment and the whole of

third and fourth orange-yellow

a. Prothorax not clothed with flavescent hairs.

b'. Mesothorax with no longitudinal groove.

Second and third abdominal segments with a lateral

white patch..

Apex of second and the whole of the third segment

white

A't.—ME&ESOTHORAX NOT PRODUCED BEHIND, FIRST VEN-

TRAL SEGMENT TOOTHED AT APEX, SECOND SEG-

MENT WITHOUT A VENTRAL CARINA.

Third abdominal segment with a white band, inter-

rupted longitudinally in the middle

MutTILLA CORYPHASIA.

acidalia, Pér.

autono#, Pér.

melicerta, Sm.

godefredt, Sich. & Radoz.

coryphasia, Pér.

cretisa, Pér.

3. Totally black, and clothed with long black hairs densely set,

apical part of the basal and second segment fringed with a silky

white pubescence ; head transverse, twice as broad as long on the

vertex, sides straight, eyes large, not emarginate, projecting, reaching

to about the median part of the outer side, very roughly punctured

and clothed with densely set long black hairs without any admixture

of white ones ; prothorax scrobiculate, mesothorax without any longi-

tudinal grooves, produced behind on each side in a dentiform, slightly

grooved, horizontal process, scutellum rounded, raised, metathorax

sub-elongato-quadrate, posterior angles bluntly rounded; tegule

368 Annals of the South African Museum.

black, wings with a chalybeate tinge; basal segment of abdomen

petiolate, moderately long, one-third narrower at apex than the base

of the second segment, the latter is orbicular, and both are covered

with deep elongate punctures with strigillate intervals, the other

segments are closely punctured ; the ventral carina of the first seg-

ment is very distinctly laminate at the base, and the second segment

which is deeply and irregularly pitted has a sharp median carina

reaching from base to apex; tibize without spines. Length 14 mm.

Allied to M. godefredi, Sich. and Rad., and M. acidalia, Pér.

Hab. Zambesia (Lesapi River). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA AUTINOE.

3. Totally black, with long black hairs except on the prothorax,

which is clothed with densely set decumbent golden yellow hairs,

the hairs on the vertex of the head are intermingled with fulvous

ones ; shape and sculpture of the head similar to that of M. cory-

phasia, eyes not emarginate; pro- and mesothorax closely and

deeply foveolato-punctate, mesothorax with two distinct longitudinal

median grooves and produced behind on each side in a dentiform

process with carinate edges, scutellum raised, sub-aculeate behind,

tegulee black, wings fumose and with a slight chalybeate tinge, meta-

thorax scrobiculate, sub-quadrate with the angles rounded ; first

abdominal segment short, nodose, distinetly bi-dentate at base, one-

fourth narrower at apex than the base of the second segment which

is rounded, very convex, and as long as broad, the first segment and

the second for two-thirds of the length are deeply pitted with the

intervals raised, there is no trace of any pubescent white band on

any of the abdominal segments; the carina on the first and second

segment of the abdomen is similar to that of M. coryphasia.

Allied to M. acidalia, Pér., and M. melicerta, Sm.; the shape of

the abdomen is nearer to that of the last-named species.

MUTILLA ARTEMISIA.

3. Black, clothed with dense black hairs, third abdominal segment

covered with a silky white pubescent band narrowly interrupted

longitudinally in the centre, the last two abdominal segments covered

with a white pubescence; head transverse, roughly punctured on

the vertex, straight laterally, eyes large, reaching the median part of

the outer sides, emarginate, frontal parts with a few fuscous hairs ;

thorax roughly punctured, mesothorax much raised, and with two

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 369

moderately distinct longitudinal grooves, truncate behind, scutellum

raised, rounded, a little aculeate behind ; tegule nearly black, wings

sub-chalybeate, metathorax elongate, attenuate from the median part

towards the apex, foveolate and with a distinct median longitudinal

ridge reaching from base to apex; first abdominal segment of

abdomen moderately long, not very slender and angular on each

side at base, hardly narrower at apex than the base of the second,

which is rounded laterally, and one-quarter longer than broad, both

these segments are closely punctured without any raised intervals ;

tibize without any spine, spurs except the anterior ones ivory-white ;

ventral carina of the first segment sharp and produced at apex in a

distinct tooth, second abdominal segment without a carina. Length

16 mm. .

This species might prove to be identical with M. atropos, Sm.

The resemblance with the three preceding species is quite super-

ficial, and is due to the colour; the shape of the eyes, of the

mesothorax, and of the ventral carina of the first segment is quite

different.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MoutTInLA DE.

3. Head, antenne, tibie, and tarsi ferruginous-red ; thorax red ;

second abdominal segment with a supra-lateral slightly flavescent

silky patch situated at about the median dorsal part, third and fourth

segment with a band of similar pubescence ; antenne long, slender ;

head rounded laterally behind, very rugose, and clothed with a short

sub-flavescent pubescence and a few long black hairs, eyes large,

lateral, reaching beyond the median part of the outer sides; ocelli

placed very far back and not very distinct; thorax elongate, not

truncate at apex, but very little sloping and with the anterior angles

rounded, nearly parallel from the anterior angle to about the median

part, where it is deeply coarctate laterally as well as on the disk,

posterior part, or metathorax, a little raised, convex and vertical

behind, it is closely foveolate, the outer sides are not crenulate,

there is a faint trace of the suture dividing the prothorax from the

mesothorax, the scutellum has disappeared, and the upper angle of

the lateral constriction is a little angular; above it there is a very

small wart, which seems to be a rudimentary form of the tegula,

and there are no wings ; abdomen sub-sessile, basal segment dentate

on each side, covered with elongated punctures, and at apex half the

width of the base of the second joint, which is one-fourth longer than

370 Annals of the South African Musewm.

broad, and covered for three-fourths of the length with closely set,

slightly wavy longitudinal raised lines; the pygidium is quadrate,

and the lateral apical spines are very short; ventral carina of first

segment short, laminate, truncate at both ends, a little sharper at

base than at tip; intermediate tibiae with one spine. Length 9 mm.

This species is closely allied in general appearance to M. proserpina

g, and I had at first sight taken it for the 2 of the said species. It

differs in the shape and size of the head, and also in the markings.

The jaws in both these wingless males are not very much developed.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

MutTILLA PH@BE.

Black, with the prothorax and tegule red, clothed with greyish

hairs except on the second and the two ultimate abdominal segments

where they are black; apex of first and second segments fringed

with a slightly flavescent pubescent band, third and fourth segments

clothed with the same pubescence ; head twice as broad as long on

the vertex, scrobiculate, slightly rounded on the posterior angle, eyes

moderately prominent, deeply emarginate; prothorax deeply and

roughly punctured, metathorax scrobiculate, mesothorax with two

very distinct central longitudinal grooves, tegule large, wings

infuscate from the middle to the apex; scutellum raised, rounded

laterally and behind, metathorax very sloping, rounded at the

declivity ; first abdominal segment short, sharply dentate on each

side at base, and a little aculeate at a short distance from the basal

spine, very nodose, as wide at apex as the base of the second

segment which is very globose and one-fourth wider than long ;

both these segments are covered with closely set and deep punctures,

foveate on the whole superficies of the first and on the basal and

lateral parts of the second, ventral carina of the first segment

slightly emarginate, truncate at apex with the upper angle sharp

and projecting; tibiae without spine, spurs ivory-white. Length

10-114 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Port Elizabeth), Dr. H. Brauns; (Uitenhage),

Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

MutTILLA CHLORIS.

3. Totally black, with the tegule red, clothed with erect dense

white hairs, first and second joints of abdomen with a fairly broad

silky white band, third joint entirely clothed with the same silky

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 371

white pubescence ; head transverse, one-third broader than long on

the vertex, deeply punctulato-scrobiculate ; eyes large, deeply

emarginate, and reaching a little past the median part of the sides ;

thorax and scutellum deeply foveolate, prothorax broad, divided from

the thorax by a very deep sulcus, mesothorax moderately convex,

scutellum convex, broader than long, sloping, slightly rounded

laterally behind and hardly emarginate, metathorax quadrangular

but with the posterior angles a little rounded; abdomen with the

first and second segments covered with closely set, round punctures,

basal joint nodose, briefly pedunculate, two-thirds narrower at apex

than the second segment at its widest part, the latter round, as broad

as long; ventral carina of first segment, sharply aculeate, almost

sub-dentiform at tip ; legs covered with white hairs, tibize not spinose,

spurs of the intermediate and posterior legs white ; wings slightly

infuscate from base to apex. Length 8 mm.

This species should come in the vicinity of M. maja.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MutTILnuA DAPHNE.

8. Black, with the prothorax and the upper part of the mesothorax

and the scutellum red, clothed with greyish hairs turning to silvery

white in the frontal part of the head and on the scutellum, apical

part of the first and second segments fringed with a band of silvery-

white pubescence, third segment entirely clothed with the same

white pubescence ; head transverse, nearly twice as wide as long on

the vertex, sides straight, outer angle moderately sharp, eyes large,

not emarginate, reaching a little beyond the median part of the outer

sides ; thorax foveolate, the foveole very closely set, mesothorax with

a median raised line ; tegule very large and elongate, wings fumose

from a short distance of the base, scutellum raised, rounded, meta-

thorax deeply foveato-scrobiculate, a little attenuate behind but with

the sides not quite rounded, and very declivous; basal abdominal

segment short, sharply bi-dentate at base, ampliated from the base,

as broad at apex as the base of the second segment, which looks as

if it were the continuation of it, is globose, and one-third broader than

long, both are deeply foveate, the fovex being smaller in the central

part of the second segment; ventral carina laminate, the lamina

moderately short and truncate at both ends; tibie not spinose,

spurs infuscate. Length 12 mm. ~

Not unlike at first sight WM. clelia, but the thorax is not so

372 Annals of the South African Museum.

hexagonal, the colour of the metathorax differs, the first abdominal

is not so long, and is much ampliated from the very base.

Hab. Gambesia (Umsheki, Mashonaland). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA CYTHERIS.

3g. Black, clothed with whitish hairs, very dense and silky in the

frontal part, the prothorax and the basal part of the metathorax ;

first and second segments of abdomen red, the others black ; the

basal joint is fringed with a white apical band, the second segment

has an elongate transverse white patch on each side, and all the

other segments have a moderately broad white band deeply

emarginate in the centre; head closely and deeply punctured as

in the preceding species, eyes large, emarginate ; prothorax deeply

and closely punctured, the punctures coarser and broader in the

metathorax ; mesothorax with a longitudinal raised line reaching the

apex and two shorter grooves on each side; scutellum raised behind

in an erect, conspicuous tooth and fringed with long white hairs,

tegule black, wings smoky, the anterior ones with a blue tinge ;

metathorax a little constricted at base, rounded laterally behind, and

having a supra-lateral carina on each side and a median grooved one

in the centre; abdomen as in M. persephone but a little more

pyriform ; sculpture identical, ventral carina of first segment truncate

in front and behind and aculeate at apex, tibize without spines, spurs

ivory-white. Length 15 mm.

A close ally of M. histrio 3, Lep., and also of M. themis, Pér., 3;

it differs mostly from the former in having the head, prothorax, and

metathorax covered with a dense white silky pubescence, and the

ventral carina of the first segment is a little more aculeate and

truneate at base. I was somewhat doubtful about the ? of M.

themis, Pér., being what it had purported to be; but now that I

know the g of M. persephone, the @ of which has white markings

similar to that of MW. themis 2 , I have no doubt of its identity, because

the 9 of M. persephone, M. histrio, M. themis, and M. cytheris belong

to a very homogeneous group ; and although the 2 of MW. histrio and

M. cytheris are not yet known, they will in all probability prove to

have markings similar to those of these two species. It is also quite

possible for M. penelope to be the ¢ of the present species.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury).

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutilide. 373

MUTILLA PERSEPHONE, Pér.,

Annals S. Afric. Museum, i., p. 69.

3g. Black, covered with dense black hairs, second segment of

abdomen red, with the apical part infuscate ; head very deeply and

closely foveolato-punctate, more than twice as broad as long, outer

sides narrowed diagonally, eyes very large, deeply emarginate ;

thorax closely foveolato-punctate, metathorax scrobiculate, prothorax

very narrow in the median part, mesothorax reaching very far for-

ward, quadri-canaliculate longitudinally in the centre, and with a

median longitudinal raised line extending from base to apex; the

erooves short, interrupted at some distance from the apex ; tegule

very dark brown, wings deep fuscous, anterior ones with a steel-blue

tinge or steel-blue, scutellum produced behind in an erect, con-

spicuous tooth, metathorax with a sharp supra-lateral carina on each

side, and a canaliculated one in the centre reaching from base to

apex ; first abdominal segment moderately long, gradually ampliated

from the base to the apex, where it is not narrower than the base of

the second one, which is as broad as long, and covered on the sides

and base with round punctures, deep but not closely set, and with

the intervals smooth, but the central part is quite smooth, and has

a median longitudinal line; the first segment is covered with mode-

rately deep punctures, while the others are finely punctured ; ventral

carina of first segment not much developed, slightly toothed at base ;

tibiz without spines, spurs whitish. Length 12-153 mm.

In an example from Malvern (Natal) taken in corti, the g has a

very well-defined white pubescent band broadly interrupted in the

centre on the third abdominal segment of the same shape and size

as that of the 9. In two examples from Zambesia—one of them

also caught 7 corti, this band is altogether wanting.

Hab. Natal (Malvern), C. N. Barker; Zambesia (Salisbury),

G. A. K. Marshall.

Synopsis of Males of the Group of M. erinnys, Pér., and

M. angulata, Sm.

Body black, with the thorax totally or partly red, scutellum

quadrate, a little emarginate behind in the centre, and with the

outer angles produced in a horizontal tooth; abdomen sessile, with

two white patches on the first segment, and one or two always more

or less interrupted in the centre on the second or third segments, or

on both; fore-wings with two cubital cells.

374 Annals of the South African Museum.

A?.—AN INTERRUPTED WHITE BAND ON THIRD SEGMENT, NO VENTRAL

CARINA ON SECOND SEGMENT.

Pro- and mesothorax and scutellum red .. .. .. .. .. .. tomyris.

Mesothorax and scutellum red Bey SOT, RCs LT eee LLCLO®

A‘,—AN INTERRUPTED WHITE BAND ON SECOND AND THIRD SEGMENTS.

a3, Thorax wholly red.

Second abdominal segment with a ventral carina, metathorax very

angular iaterally behind. “.)eetui-s) ss | mel Gs se) wen eee een lelamieness:

Second abdominal segment without a ventral carina, metathorax

MNOS, ORV TEre NEAL, oye GS Gy Gn Go ad) do oo 9d 45 on oo Gloria

a. Pro- and mesothorax red, metathorax black.

Second abdominal segment with a conspicuous erect tooth .. .. erinnys.

Second abdominal segment without tooth or carina... .. .. .. cleopatra

a’. Mesothorax and scutellum red.

Second abdominal segment without carina... .. .. .. .. .. angulata.

MvutTILLA DIDO.

3. Black, with the mesothorax and the tegule somewhat dark

red, clothed with moderately dense black hairs somewhat greyish on

the declivity of the metathorax; first abdominal segment with a

lateral silky white patch, third segment with a band of the same

pubescence distinctly interrupted in the centre; head more than

twice as broad as long on the vertex, sides straight, eyes large,

deeply emarginate and reaching the median part of the sides, it is

very closely foveolato-punctate ; thorax closely foveolato-punctate

with the metathorax scrobiculate, mesothorax without any groove,

scutellum as in the three preceding species, tegule dark red, wings

fumose, a little darker on the anterior margin of the fore-wings ;

metathorax abruptly declivous behind, with the margin of the outer

sides sharp and the posterior angle also sharp, but not projecting ;

abdomen nearly sessile, basal joint of abdomen sharply dentate on

each side at base, ampliated from there, not quite so broad at apex as

the base of the second joint, which is one-fourth longer than broad

and covered like the first with closely set, deep, elongate punctures

separated by irregular, wavy, not much raised caring, ventral carina

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutilhde. 375

of first segment sharply conical at each end, or deeply notched in the

centre; tibiz not spinose. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

MvutInLA TOMYRIS.

3. Black, with a red patch on the vertex of the head and the

pro- and mesothorax red, clothed with greyish and brown hairs, basal

joint of abdomen with a lateral whitish patch, third segment with a

lateral white band; head very roughly foveolate, almost scrobiculate,

sub-quadrate, eyes large, deeply emarginate, reaching to about the

median part of the sides; thorax closely foveolato-punctate, scu-

tellum and metathorax scrobiculate, tegule red, wings pale brown,

shape of the scutellum similar to that of M. dido ; abdomen sessile,

first abdominal segment near straight laterally and not so broad

at apex as the base of the second one, and both covered with deep,

elongate punctures, separated by irregular, carinated intervals ;

ventral carina of first segment not quite straight, and sharp at tip

at the base, no ventral carina on second segment; tibiae with one or

two spines. Length 12 mm.

Hab. South Africa (no exact locality).

MvtTILLA CUYMENEIS.

3. Black, clothed with dense long greyish and black hairs, thorax

red, first basal segment with a patch of white pubescence on each

side midway between the centre and the outer side, apical part of

second segment and the whole of third segment with a white band

broadly interrupted in the centre; head quadrate, scrobiculate,

clothed with white and black hairs, eyes large, deeply emarginate,

reaching beyond the median part of the outer sides; thorax irregu-

larly foveolate, metathorax scrobiculate, scutellum of the same shape

as the preceding species, and fringed with somewhat dense, long,

greyish-white hairs; tegule red, elongate, wings fuscous brown,

hyaline at base, metathorax parallel, abruptly truncate, outer sides

sharp, distinctly carinate from the median part to the angle which

is distinctly aculeate and projecting, the perpendicular declivity is

very dark brown, nearly fuscous ; abdomen sessile, basal joint deeply

and closely punctured except at the apex, which is quite smooth, a

little narrower than the base of the second joint, second segment

longer than wide by one-fourth, and covered with deep, elongate

foveolate punctures, with the intervals irregular and raised ; ventral

25%

376 Annals of the South African Museum.

carina deeply emarginate in the centre, not truncate at apex, and

produced in a short, sharp spine at base, second segment with a

ventral slender ridge; tibiz not spinose. Length 13 mm.

Closely allied to M. ewnomia, differs in the colour of the wings, the

more angulate and more projecting posterior angles of the metathorax,

the different shape of the ventral carina of the first segment, the

presence of a median ventral carina on the second segment, and the

distinct interruption of the two dorsal abdominal white pubescent

bands.

Hab. ZGambesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA EUNOMIA.

g. Black, clothed with long dense black hairs; pro- and meso-

thorax, scutellum, and tegule red, first abdominal segment with a

silky white apical band narrowly interrupted in the centre, second

segment also with a white apical band slightly interrupted in the

centre, third segment with a broad, not interrupted band; sculpture

of the head and thorax similar to that of M. cleopatra, but the

metathorax is not quite so parallel, owing to the outer apical part

being slightly amphated and produced outwardly, and the angle itself

not being sharp and projecting; the shape and sculpture of the

abdomen are similar, but the band on third segment is hardly

if at all interrupted, and the ventral carina of the first segment

is acutely toothed in the middle and emarginate near the apex.

Length 13 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (? Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MUTILLA CLEOPATRA.

3. Black, clothed with long dense black hairs, pro- and meso-

thorax dark ferruginous, with the scutellum nearly black, apical part

of the basal and second abdominal segments and the whole of the

third with a white band broadly interrupted longitudinally in the

centre; head quadrate, nearly twice as broad as long on the vertex,

foveolate, frontal part clothed with greyish hairs with longer black

ones intermixed, eyes very large, deeply emarginate, and reaching

beyond the median part of the outer sides, which are straight; thorax

elongate, closely foveolate with the metathorax nearly scrobiculate,

prothorax truncate at the apex, very little rounded laterally ; meso-

thorax without any longitudinal groove; tegule red, wings fumose,

and with a darker elongate spot near the stigma; scutellum trans-.

A Contribution to the Knowledge of South African Mutillide. 377

verse, straight laterally with the posterior angles produced in a

spine, and the posterior margin slightly emarginate in the centre,

fringed with very long greyish and white hairs; metathorax with

the sides parallel, abruptly truncate behind, and with the posterior

angles sharp and distinctly aculeate; abdomen short, sub-sessile, first

segment amphated suddenly from near the base, where it is slightly

dentate on each side, as broad at apex as the base of the second one,

which is ampliated and reaches its greatest width at some distance

from the base, and is longer than broad; both these segments are

covered with broad punctures somewhat elongated and with the

intervals nearly smooth, the other segments are minutely punctured ;

ventral carina of the first segment laminate, truncate at both ends,

second segment not carinate in the centre; tibiz not spinose, spurs

white. Length 15 mm.

Hab. Zambesia (Salisbury, Umsheki River). G. A. K. Marshall.

MvtTILLA TAURICEPS, Kohl,

Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, xxxii., 1882, p. 484, pl. 23, ff. 15 and 16.

g. Black with the pro- and mesothorax and also the scutellum

dull red, posterior part of the head rufescent; head large, quadrate,

closely aciculate, eyes elongate, not emarginate; mandibles long,

faleate and trifid at tip; antenn sub-filiform ; mesothorax with two

conspicuous longitudinal median grooves, scutellum convex, rounded,

metathorax sloping behind, rounded laterally and foveate ; abdomen

pyriform, conical from the base of the second segment, first segment

short, conical, and with a sharp spine on each side of the base and

without any ventral carina; the segments are clothed with long

dense hairs, black above, greyish underneath; intermediate and

posterior tibiz without spines; wings slightly fuscous. Length

9 mm.

In this species the extraordinary forcipate shape of the mandibles,

which are trifid at tip, is the same in both sexes.

Captured by Dr. H. Brauns at Sunday’s River, Uitenhage District,

Cape Colony.

ethra

andromache

artemisia

autinoé

eee eee eee eee

eee

eee eee eee eee ee eee ee)

chloris

elelia

Cleopatra eeoeesmsceeceramcss.

ClOaN thai ia5.c05..essmsnaemeneeasc.

elymeneis

clytemnestra

coryphasia

cytheris

eee eee ee eee eee eee

eee eee ee er

Beer e eee eee e ewww eeeeee

eee eee er)

eee eee eee ee

daphne

deianira

dice

(liv CO RRRRBERO DARE CoocacooouocoSONdes

eee eee ee eee eee eee eer)

eee eee eee eee eee er)

eee eee eee eee eee

(378 )

INDEX

| E

PAGE PAGE

369 CMMI A, sac sic hathaiar cseenieeises siecle 365

361 CUMOMMNA! sittiecsenscscdcedeecerancs: 376

B59 BWUPEH OEY Gooovoocvocedesoosco00RCOKC 358

368

368 Tel

I’ Whecuibaitacscetassone seeeeeesesmees 354

ay !

Say | jidia’ saute ec eee 360

376

353 O

B7D OPIS viansccastacdsesblslseceestemeber 358

360

B67 P

372

PEPSePUOMG RE cancosecneescensees 373

| PHODE _cccsrersucsoctneccoenenns 370

S71 PSAAUIN ANE 255. ccc ceeacceaerste ss 356

363 |

365 | T

Slaw | ~ baUPICEPSk-crmcictsiseces-cceeeeeperer ol

363 | bhais Saastecseet condcnosseeeeeces 362

364 WORE —GonnoeacodooscooDAcdoonsoo 375

Hélio6. Dujardin, Paris

New Mutilhde

( 379 )

X.—Description of a New Genus of Perciform Fishes from the Cape of

Good Hope.-—By G. A. Bouuencsr, F.R.S.

(With Plate IX.)

ATYPOSOMA, g. n.

Bopy ‘compressed ; scales small, finely ciliated; lateral line

complete. Mouth large, moderately protractile; maxillary large,

exposed ; jaws equal, with a band of small villiform teeth ; preopercle

very finely serrated ; no opercular spine. Gill-membranes separate ;

seven branchiostegals ; gill-rakers very long. A single dorsal, with

11 spines and 17 soft rays, the spinous portion well developed, but

shorter than the soft; anal with 3 spines and 14 soft rays; soft

dorsal and anal thickly covered with small scales. Caudal forked.

Pectoral with 17 rays, asymmetrical, rounded, upper rays longest.

Ventrals behind base of pectorals, close together, with a strong spine.

This genus, referable to the Scorpidine Squamipinnes, is nearest

allied to Atypichthys, Giinther, from which it is distinguished by the

large mouth and large maxillary. I regret to be unable to say

anything of the palatal dentition, the palate being absent in the

stuffed specimen.

ATYPOSOMA GURNEYI, Sp. 0.

Depth of body 24 times in total length, length of head 33.

Diameter of eye 5 times in length of head, 14 in interorbital width ;

maxillary scaly, extending to below anterior third of eye, the

diameter of its distal extremity 2 that of eye; preopercular border

forming a right angle, rounded and very finely serrated at the

angle ; head nearly entirely covered with very small scales. Dorsal

xi 17, originating above base of ventral; spines rather strong, 3rd

380 Annals of the South African Museum.

to 6th longest, + length of head, nearly twice as long as soft rays,

which are all equal in length. Anal iii 14; 2nd and 3rd spines

equal, + length of head, 14 as long as the soft rays. Pectoral 4

length of head, slightly shorter than ventral; latter reaching vent.

Caudal deeply forked, middle rays + length of outer. Caudal

peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales 15023; lat. 1. 70. Silvery ;

dark purplish grey on the back; lateral line, dorsal and anal fins,

and caudal fin blackish ; tips of longest dorsal spines white ; pectorals

grey ; ventrals white.

Total length 450 mm.

I am indebted to Mr. W. L. Sclater for the loan of the single

specimen, now in a stuffed condition. It was caught by a trawler in

False Bay, and presented to the South African Museum by Lieut.-

Commr. A. F. Gurney, R.N.

Parascorpis, Blky., likewise from the Cape of Good Hope, and

known to me only from the description and figure, appears to be

related to this genus, so that its allocation to the Scorpidina, as

proposed by Bleeker, may after all be correct. But it differs

generically in the presence of an opercular spine and the reversed

proportions of the two divisions of the dorsal fin. So far as specific

characters go, Parascorpis typus differs abundantly in the number

of dorsal rays (xii 15), the shorter dorsal spines, the longer second

anal spine, the narrower and serrated preorbital, the more strongly

serrated preopercle, the more prominent chin, and the feebly notched

caudal fin. The spinous dorsal and the caudal fins are represented

as covered with scales, which is not the case in the fish here

described.

‘dur weurmayy 9S2\

“Xf Id

Bron

tis

noude ye tKaaans eurosodhyy,

—————_ ‘ o

TRESICH PE aS stich

LTA SRN AY S|

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

Pade hd:

XI.—New and Little Known South African Solifuge in the Collection

of the South African Musewm.—By W. F. Purcetu, Ph.D.,

First Assistant.

THE present paper contains descriptions of ten new species of

Solpuga, and of five little known forms of the genus, which were

described by Koch in 1842; further, four new species of Daesia,

and three of Ceroma, both genera not previously recorded from

South Africa, and one new species of Hexisopus. The male of the

last-named remarkable genus is here described for the first time.

The following is a synopsis of the South African genera :—

a. Tarsus of IV. leg without claws .. .. .. .. Hewisopus, Karsch (p. 381).

6. Tarsus of IV. leg with two claws.

s Tarsi of II -IV. legs 2-jointed .. .. .. Ceroma, Karsch (p. aH

. Tarsi of II-III. legs 2-jointed, of IV. leg fe Famed Daesia, Karsch (p. 388).

. Tarsi of IIIT. legs 4-jointed, of IV. leg 7-jointed.

Solpuga, Licht. (p. 401).

GreN. HEXISOPUS, Karsch.

1842. Aellopus, C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg., vill., Bd. i., p. 354.

1879. Hexisopus, Karsch, Ent. Zeit. Stettin, x1, eS):

Characters.—Thorax and abdomen enormously distended above

and indistinguishably united to a single oval piece (the thoraco-

abdomen), lying above the posterior pairs of legs. Palps short

and thick, the tarsus immovably fused with the metatarsus, which

is without spines or scopula. I. leg thin and slender, unarmed and

382 Annals of the South African Museum.

without claws. II. and III. legs (fig. 1 II.) with 7 and 8 free

segments respectively (the II. with 1, the III. with 2 trochanter

segments); the femora (sixth segment from the distal end) short

and very stout, especially in the male, with convex surfaces; the

terminal tarsal segment extremely minute, bearing a pair of long,

smooth, two-jointed claws, and often hidden amongst the hairs of

the preceding segment, the distal joint of the claws subequal to

Tar. 2 ar §

Hexisopus lanatus (Koch). Fig. 1, II. and IV. right leg of ¢ , seen from below

(the anterior side is on the right, the posterior on the left of each figure).

Fig. 2, distal joints of II. leg of ¢, seen from above, and much magnified.

Fig. 3, median section of g in outline, g.p. genital papilla. Fig. 4, outline of

same ¢ seen from above. Fig. 5, rostrum (the stiff hairs at the apex not sketched

in).

or even longer than the basal joint (fig. 2); no subungual appen-

dages. IV. leg with 7 free segments (including 2 trochanter seg-

ments); the femur (third free segment) sub-cylindrical; the tibia

very short, functioning as patella; metatarsus tibia-like; tarsal

segments 2, without claws (fig. 1 IV.). Ocular tubercle much

more prominent anteriorly in the male than in the female, provided

with numerous hairs. Flagellum of male hidden between the

mandibles, the basal portion enlarged in the form of an open cup,

New and Inttle Known South African Solifuge. 383

which is attached at a point on its convex side to the inner side of

the mandible, and is movable in a vertical plane round the point of

attachment (fig. 6). Spiracles 4, large, exposed, situated on the

IT. and III. ventral abdominal segments near their hind margins,

the anterior pair a little closer together than the posterior pair.

I. abdominal segment of the adult male provided below with a

large, sub-conical, genital papilla (fig. 3, g.p.), bearing at its apex

the sexual orifice. Ribbed area on inner face of mandibles very

large, the ribs very long, extending right up to the base. Rostrum

short, the upper lobe evenly pointed and not deflexed at the apex

(fig. 5), with the usual double row of adhering hairs at the apex

below (not drawn in the figure) ; the two lower lobes of the rostrum

contiguous to the apex, much longer than the upper lobe, strongly

compressed laterally, hairy, and furnished with the usual pair of

sub-apical feathery lingule.

The above diagnosis of the genus applies to the two species

described below, and probably also to H. fodiens Sim., which is

unknown to me. The enormous thoraco-abdomen is very peculiar,

and is similarly formed in the adult male and female and in the

young. Although the tergal segments are distinctly demarcated by

transverse lines, it is not easy to point out which of these lines

forms the boundary between the thoracic and the abdominal terga.

The anterior side of the thoraco-abdomen rises almost directly from

the hind edge of the head-plate, which it slightly overhangs (see

figs. 3 and 4). Five malleoli are present on each hind leg in the

adult, viz., two on the coxa, two on the first trochanter joint, and

one on the second trochanter joint (fig. 1 IV.). In the young

specimen of H. lanatus (Koch), measuring 134 mm. in length, only

three are present, viz., two on the coxa, and one on the first trochanter

joint. According to Simon, H. fodiens, Sim., has only three malleoli,

and this statement has been utilised by Pocock in characterising his

new family Hexisopodide (Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xx., p. 250, 1897).

Simon’s specimen is, however, evidently immature, the length of

the specimen in the figure being given by a line measuring not quite

14 mm.* (Ann. S. Ent. Fr. (6), vii., Pl. vi., figs. 6 and 7{, 1887).

The principal points in which these remarkable Arachnids differ

* In the text, however, the length is given as 23 mm., but this may be a

misprint for 13 mm.

+ A peculiarity of these two figures of Simon’s should not be passed unnoticed,

viz., the omission of the first tarsal segment in the II. and IV. pairs of legs,

although it is plain from the text that this segment should be present. In fact,

the segmentation of the legs in fodiens is evidently similar to that of danatus and

Crassus.

j8t Annals of the South African Museum.

from the Solpugidee may be summed up as follows: (1) the absence

of one joint of the trochanters in each leg of the three posterior

pairs ; (2) the absence of claws in IV. leg; (3) the extreme shortness

of the distal portion of IV. leg in proportion to the basal part

(trochanters+coxa); (4) the length of the distal segment of the

claws in the II. and III. legs; (5) the minuteness of the third tarsal

segment in these legs; (6) the absence of subungual appendages in

these legs; (7) the presence of a genital papilla in the male; (8) the

shortness of the upper lobe of the rostrum.

The females of the two Cape species known to me may be dis-

tinguished as follows :—

a. Upper fang of mandibles strongly compressed laterally, sharp-edged above.

Isjeicnmpnalkmoyy AR as o6 a6 o6 oo «co 65 oo Jah anans (USoea)

6. Upper fang thick, rounded and simply convex above. Worcester.

HT. crassus, n. sp.

H1exisopus LANATUS (Koch).

(Figs. 1-70.)

1842. Aellopus lanata, C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg., viil., Bd. 1.,

p. do4.

1848. Aellopus lanata, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., xv., p. 102, fig.

1489.

Colour * yellow to whitish yellow, the terminal fangs of the jaws

red with black tips and edges; eyes with a black ring round each.

Pubescence remarkably soft, very thick, covering whole animal, the

shorter hairs mostly reddish, the longer ones mostly paler; the

hairs on the anterior thoraco-abdominal segments dark brown; tips

of the palps with orange-brown hair in the @? ; the anterior part of

the head-plate and the ocular tubercle with a number of short black

hairs in the g, which are absent in the 2? and young; no spines or

spiniform sete on the head-plate or mandibles. Ocular tubercle

projecting far beyond the anterior margin of head-plate in the ¢g,

but less prominent in the 2, a line joining the anterior margins of

the eyes lying behind the middle of the tubercle in the gf, but in

the middle in the ? (figs. 6a and 7a).

Mandibles in 2 and young (figs. 7, Ta) stout and rather short, the

hairless area at the base of the upper fang large, bordered by a semi-

circle of small red granules and nearly smooth; terminal fang of

upper jaw strongly compressed laterally, curving outwards and

* These specimens, which I had described as new, were kindly identified from

Koch’s type by Prof. K. Kraepelin.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 385

directed slightly downwards from the base, the outer side strongly

flattened and not vertical but inclined upwards and outwards from

the inferior to the superior edge of the fang (see fig. 7b); inner

surface of the fang strongly convex, subangular longitudinally along

the middle, from whence the surface strongly slopes upwards and

outwards as far as the superior edge, the upper surface being

horizontal only quite at the base; superior edge of fang sharp,

forming the highest part of the upper side. Upper jaw with 3 teeth

in the single series, the first very small, the second very large, the

third rather small; the double series composed of 3 small inner

teeth, and about 9 very minute outer ones, all placed very far back,

extending round the base of the lower jaw. Lower jaw curved

outwards and strongly upwards towards the apex, with 2 teeth, the

anterior tooth large, the posterior one minute (in one of the jaws the

large tooth bears a minute denticle at its base in front; see fig. 7).

Mandibles in 3 (figs. 6, 6a) much larger and stouter, the area at

the base of the upper fang small and minutely granular over its

surface ; terminal fang directed downwards but scarcely outwards,

compressed and rather flat on each side, not sharp-edged above ; the

basal half of the fang strongly dilated inwards, the dilated part

suleate above, with the upper median edge granular, terminating

anteriorly in a strong angle against which the lower jaw closes.

Upper jaw with two small, isolated, posterior teeth in the single

series, the uppermost very minute, situated alongside of the anterior

bend of the flagellum (both teeth are shown in fig. 6, one above and

one below the procurrent portion of the flagellum); the double

series composed of 3 inner and about 7 outer teeth, and very

far back. Lower jaw long, curved strongly upwards but not at all

outwards, with one low tooth in the middle.

Flagellum completely hidden between the mandibles. Basal

enlargement in the form of a thin-walled cup with thin circular

rim and movably attached at the centre of the convex surface

to the lower part of the inner face of the upper jaw, almost

just behind the lowest of the two teeth in the single series;

concavity of the cup facing inwards and partially covered by a

narrow thin lamina in the upper part. From the anterior edge of

the cup a procurrent portion of the flagellum, exceeding the

diameter of the cup in length, takes its origin and is provided along

its lower edge with a high, thin keel. On about a level with the

hind edge of the granular area at the base of the upper fang the

flagellum curves upwards and then backwards, as in Solpuga ; the

recurrent portion subulate, curving downwards posteriorly and

386 Annals of the South African Museum.

terminating just behind the base of the lower jaw at a little distance

behind the basal cup, its upper side feebly sulcate, the sulcus con

tinued over the anterior curve, the outer wall of the sulcus higher

than the inner and continuous with the inferior keel of the pro-

current portion.”

Palp and legs in 9 .—Palps stout, unarmed; I. leg very slender,

Hex. lanatus (Koch). Fig. 6, left mandible of ¢ from inner side. Fig. 6a, left

mandible of ¢ from above. Fig. 7, right mandible of ? from lateral side.

Fig 7a, left mandible of ¢ from above. Fig. 7b, section through the terminal

fangs of both upper jaws of ? at the dotted line in fig. 7.

Hex. crassus, n. sp. Fig. 8, right mandible of ? from lateral side. Fig. 8a,

section through the terminal fangs of both upper jaws of ¢ at the dotted line in

fig. 8.

unarmed ; IT. and III. legs robust (figs. 1 II. and 2), provided along

the upper posterior margin from the tibia onwards with a row of

blunt spines, which are very short and stout on the tibia, but

increase regularly in length distally, the longer ones spathulate,

* A very similar sulcus and keel occurs in Ceroma.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 387

those on the second tarsal joint slender; besides these there are a

number of similar spines on the posterior and under side of the tibia,

the upper ones being very short, the inferior long and spathulate ;

posterior side of metatarsus of IIT. leg with a few short, stout, dark

spines ; posterior side of metatarsus of IT. leg, and of the first tarsal

joint of IIT. leg with a few very minute spinules; metatarsus and

first two tarsal joints of II. and ITT. legs with a row of stout bristles

below (not sketched in the figures). Femur of IV. leg (fig. 1 IV.)

with some stout bristles and a few short apical spines below, tibia

and metatarsus with numerous very short, stout spines on the under

and anterior sides, the apical ones longer, the two tarsal joints with

similar spines below but, in addition, bordered along the anterior

and posterior edges with a row of longer very strong spines, the

spines of the anterior row stronger than those of the posterior row.

In 3 .—Very similar to the ?, except that the spines of the anterior

row on the tarsus of IV. leg are much longer and slenderer than in

the ¢.

Locality.—(a) One $ and 1 @ from Grasmond, on the road between

Steinkopf and Ramonds Drift, Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter,

Noy., 1897).

(b) 1 juv. from Vuurdood, near Ramonds Drift, Bushmanland,

Namaqualand Div. (Max Schlechter, Dec., 1897).

Measiirements.—Total length g 20, 2 194; length of thoraco-

abdomen $ 134, ¢ 124, width g¢ 104, ? 9, height ¢ 83, 2 74; length

of head-plate g 44, 2? 4, width ¢ 64, ? 52; length of mandibles g

64, 2 42, width g 34, 9 22.

HEXISOPUS CRASSUS, N. sp.

(Figs. 8, 8a.)

Very similar to the ° of H. lanatus, from which it differs mainly

as follows :-—

Hairs pale yellowish, none reddish, those at the anterior end of

the thoraco-abdomen slightly brownish, the hairs at the apex of the

palps darkened but not orange.

Head-plate relatively shorter and wider.

Mandibles with the oval area at the base of the upper fang weakly

granular over its surface, the marginal circle of granules coarser

and more numerous. The upper fang stout, much less compressed,

slightly curving outwards and downwards ; the inner surface evenly

convex ; the upper surface wide, evenly convex, neither sulcate,

388 Annals of the South African Museum.

carinate, nor angular; the outer surface convex, sub-angular along

its middle, finely caniculate at base just under the upper edge; the

teeth as in lanatus. Lower jaw curved slightly outwards and also

_ upwards, but much less strongly than in lanatus. In both upper and

lower jaw the apex is very blunt, but this is probably due to age and

wear.

Spines on legs as in lanatus.

Measurements.—Total length 25; length of thoraco-abdomen 18,

width 13, height 12; median length of head-plate 44, width 63 ;

length of mandibles 5, width 23.

Locality.—A single ? from Worcester (J. Lycett, No. 1038).

Gen. DAESIA*, Karsch,

1880, Arch. f. Naturg., xlvi., Bd. i., p. 234.

Characters of the South African Species.—Basal segmentation of

legs as in Ceroma and Solpuga, 7.e., with two trochanter joints in the

II. and three in the III. and IV. legs. Tarsi of IT. and III. legs

two-jointed, that of IV. leg four-jointed, the subungual appendages

small, not diverging. Tarsus of I. leg without claws in either sex.

Tarsus of palp very slightly movable in the 2 (apparently immovable

in the single g¢ specimen), the metatarsus not scopulate, but pro-

vided below with 3 short outer and 1 (in the @?) or 3 (in the $)

short inner spines, and generally also some much longer spines or

spiniform sets in a row with the short spines; +t metatarsus dis-

tinctly compressed from above and below, appearing sub-fusiform

when viewed from the side, being slightly thicker in the middle than

at the ends (fig. 10a). Ocular tubercle with several bristles in front.

Flagellum of g with the basal enlargement flat, not turgid, pro-

duced posteriorly into the shaft and fixed to the inner side of the

mandibles behind the base of the terminal fang in such a manner as

to be partially movable in a vertical plane round the point of attach-

ment (as in Hexisopus). Upper lobe of rostrum (fig. 9c) not deflexed

at the apex but evenly pointed, as in Solpuga.

DAESIA LEIPOLDTI, n. sp.

(Figs. 9-9c.)

? .—Palps with the metatarsus slightly but distinctly stouter in

the middle than at the ends, depressed from above and below;

* Prof. Kraepelin informs me that Daesia and Biton are identical.

+ The typical arrangement of these spines is shown in figs. 10a and 11a.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 389

tarsus incrassated towards the apex when seen from the side, its

length about one-third that of the metatarsus. Under side of femur

with long set, an anterior row of 4 slightly stouter than the rest ;

under side of tibia with an anterior row of 2 and a posterior row of 3

stout sete very distinctly set off from the rest and equalling the

9 10

Daesia leipoldti,n. sp. ¢%. Fig. 9, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 9a,

tarsus of II. and III. leg. Fig. 90, tarsus of IV. leg. Fig. 9c, rostrum (the stiff

tuft of hairs at the apex not sketched in).

D. kolbei, n. sp. @. Fig. 10, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 10a, meta-

tarsus and tarsus of right palp from posterior (outer) side.

D. pallida, n. sp. ¢. Fig. 11, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. lla,

metatarsus and tarsus of right palp from below.

D. subulata, n. sp. ¢. Fig. 12, left mandible from inner side.

short metatarsal spines in thickness; metatarsus with an outer row

of 3 strong short spines (one in the middle of the segment, one at

the apex, and one midway between these two) and an inner one of

1 similar apical spine, but there are no distinct series of spiniform

sete similar to those on the tibia, all the setee being much slenderer

than those on the latter. Metatarsus of II. leg with 5 short dorsal

390 Annals of the South African Museum.

spines, also 1 posterior and 2 anterior spines (including an apical

inferior pair) ; metatarsus of III. leg with 3 short, very stout, dorsal

spines, also an anterior row of 2 and a posterior row of 3 slenderer

spines (including an apical inferior pair); the tarsi of these legs and

the distal segments of the IV. leg with several spines ; no apical

spines on the tibize.

Mandibles stout and bristly. Upper jaw with 3 large teeth in the

single series and 2 minute teeth between the second and third large

ones; the terminal fang strongly curved downwards, but only

slightly outwards, at the apex. Lower jaw with 2 strong teeth and

a pair of minute ones between them.

Colowr.—Ground colour pale yellow. Head-plate with the lateral

part broadly infuscate, the central and posterior parts occupied by a

large, 3-lobed, foliaceous area, which is marmorate at the sides but

simply yellow and provided with a fine, brown, longitudinal line

along the median part ; ocular tubercle deep black, flanked on each

side by a marbled yellow area. Mandibles with 3 longitudinal

infuscate stripes (2 dorsal and 1 lateral) on a reddish yellow back-

eround, finely marbled between the stripes; the dorsal stripes

expanded distally and united here to form an obliquely transverse

distal stripe, the innermost stripe with a yellow distal spot; the

lateral stripe obsolete anteriorly. Abdomen pale, the anteriormost

terga with a median and a pair of lateral black stripes. Palps

blackened, the trochanters and the outer and upper surfaces (except

in the distal part) of the femur pale yellow, the upper surface of the

tibia and of the distal part of the femur marmorate on each side of

the middle line. Legs infuscated, except on the under side, on the

posterior side of the femora, and on the upper and posterior sides of

the trochanters, where they are pale yellow; in the femora and

tibia the upper surface is partially marmorate.

Measurements.—Total length 174; length of head-plate 3, width

4; length of mandibles 43; length of palps 124, tibia 33, metatarsus

+ tarsus 41; length of III. leg 10; length of IV. leg 174, tibia 44,

metatarsus 34.

Locality——(a) A female (type, No. 3791) from Olijvenbosch

Kraal, near the Berg Vlei River, north of the Piquetberg Range,

Clanwilliam Div.

(b) A female from Lamberts Bay, Clanwilliam Div. (f. Pattison,

Nov., 1897), differs from the type in having only 1 small tooth

between the 2 large ones in the lower jaws, and there is 1 small

tooth in one, but 2 in the other upper jaw between the second and

third large teeth.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 391

The type was obtained for us through Mr. C. L. Leipoldt, to

whom the Museum is indebted for a large number of new and rare

Arachnida from the Division of Clanwilliam.

DAESIA KOLBEI, nN. sp.

(Figs. 10, 10a.)

?. Colowr.—Head-plate marked as in leipoldti, but slightly

darker. Mandibles as in Jezpoldti, except that the dark lateral

stripe is obsolete; the sides, however, marmorate. Abdomen pale

yellowish, the terga broadly but palely infuscate at the sides and in

the middle. Palps with the metatarsus and tarsus deeply infuscate,

the tibia pale brownish, yellowish at the ends, the remaining seg-

ments pale yellow. Legs pale yellow; I. leg infuscate above in the

two distal segments; II. and III. legs with the femora and tibie

partially pale infuscate; femur of IV. leg infuscate, the upper side

marbled on each side of the middle line, the inner side (except at

base) and the under side yellow, the tibia (excepting below and at

the apex) infuscate, marbled above, the metatarsus infuscate in the

middle on the upper and outer surfaces. Malleoli pale, the leg seg-

ments bearing them with a short black line at the base of each

malleolus.

Palps with the metatarsus more distinctly fusiform and relatively

stouter than in leipoldti (fig. 10a); the tarsus incrassated distally,

when seen from the side, and relatively stouter than in lecpoldtu.

Under side of femur with a very distinct anterior row of 4 stout

spiniform sete, of which the distal one is strongest; the sete along

the posterior edge feeble. Under side of tibia with 2 very distinct

rows of long and very stout spiniform sete, 3 in each row. Under

side of metatarsus with an outer row of 3 distal spines and 2 long

proximal sete and an inner row of 1 apical spine and 4 sete; the

spines short and stout, disposed as in leipoldti, the setw long, stout,

and spiniform, very distinctly seriate and sharply set off from other

sete on the joint, the 3 distal sete of the inner row quite as stout as

those on the tibia, the basal one of this row slenderer. Spines on

the legs as in lezpoldtz.

Dentition—One small tooth between the 2 large ones in the

lower jaw; between the second and third large teeth of the upper

jaw there is 1 small tooth in one jaw but 2 in the other, just as in

the specimen of leipoldti from Lamberts Bay.

Measurements.—Total length 194; length of head-plate 3, width 4;

392 Annals of the South African Museum.

length of mandibles 42; length of palps 114, tibia 34, metatarsus

+tarsus 4:1; length of III. leg 10; length of IV. leg 16, tibia 4,

metatarsus 3.

Locality.x—A single ? (No. 1181) from Buluwayo, Matabeleland,

collected by the Rev. Dr. F. Kolbe, of St. Mary’s, Cape Town, to

whom the Museum is indebted for two new species of Solifuge.

DAESIA PALLIDA, 0. sp.

(Figs. 11, 11a.)

Colowr.—Whole animal very pale yellowish; ocular tubercle deep

black ; the 3 distal segments of the palps infuscated, except on the

under side, which is pale yellowish, the femur marmorate above on

each side of the middle line; IV. leg feebly infuscate above at the

apex of the femur and at the base of the tibia; jaws of mandibles

reddish, black at the tips. Coxa and trochanters with black

markings at the insertion of the pallid malleoli.

Palps.—Metatarsus and tarsus shaped and proportioned as in

kolbei. Under side of femur with an anterior row of 4 and a posterior

row of 2 spiniform sete, all very distinctly set off from the other

sete on the joint, the distal anterior one much larger than the

others ; under side of tibia with two rows of long setiform spines

(8 in each row), which are remarkably stout with the exception of

the posterior basal one. Under side of metatarsus (fig. lla) with 2

rows of 4 short spines and 6 long setiform spines, arranged as in

kolbei ; the basal pair are strong but slenderer than the other seti-

form spines, which ave remarkably strong and stout, especially those

of the anterior row. Short spines on the legs as in lecpoldti and

kolbei, excepting that there are 4 posterior spines on the metatarsus

of III. leg, the two proximal ones close together.

Dentition—Only 1 small tooth between the second and third

large teeth in the upper jaw and 1 between the 2 large teeth in the

lower jaw—otherwise as in the preceding species ; terminal fang of

upper jaw less strongly curved than in the preceding form.

Measurements.—Total length 134; length of head-plate 3, width

34; length of mandible 44; length of palps 12, tibia 34, metatarsus

+ tarsus 4:1; length of III. leg 93; length of IV. leg 174, tibia 44,

metatarsus 3.

Locality —A single specimen (? or immature? No. 2832) from

Hities in Great Bushmanland, Kenhart Div. (Max Schlechter,

March, 1898).

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 393

This species is characterised by the remarkably strong armature

on the under side of the palps.

DAESIA SUBULATA, N. sp.

(Fig. 12.)

g. Colowr.—Ground colour pale yellowish. Head-plate with the

lateral parts broadly infuscate, the lateral border, a spot on each

side of the deep black ocular tubercle, and the large, 3-lobed,

foliaceous, central area pale yellowish, the latter area faintly mar-

morate towards the sides and provided with a fine median line.

Mandibles very pale yellow, without any infuscate markings, but

with numerous, short, spiniform sete. Abdomen with pale purplish

tinge, the anterior segments pale yellow, all the terga infuseated at

the lateral borders but not along the median line. Palp with the

distal part of femur (excepting on the inner side), the tibia, meta-

tarsus and tarsus deeply intfuscate, the two latter with a broad pale

streak on the under side, the tibia with a similar streak in the basal

two-thirds below and with its upper surface marbled on each side of

the middle line. I. and IT. legs pale yellow, the tibiwe with the sides

feebly infuscated at the base; III. leg with the femur and tibia

(excepting below) and the sides of the metatarsus at the base infus-

cate, the upper surface of the femur and tibia marmorate; IV. leg

with the femur (except at the base below), the tibia (excepting

below) and the basal part of the metatarsus (excepting below)

infuseated, the femur and tibia marbled above on each side of the

middle line.

Palps with the metatarsus and tarsus shaped as in /ezpoldii ;

metatarsus below with two rows, each composed of 3 short stout

spines and 2 proximal setve ; the spines of the outer row arranged as

in leipoldti, but in the inner (anterior) row the middle spine is nearer

to the distal than to the proximal spine ; the two setz completing

the rows on each side are slender, not at all spiniform, and much

finer than the seriated sete on the tibia. Under side of tibia with

an inner row of 3 spiniform sete (the proximal one shorter and

slenderer than the other two but stouter than the corresponding

seta in leipoldti) and an outer row of about 5 sete, of which the

distal one is slightly, the proximal one considerably, slenderer than

the middle spiniform ones; under side of femur with an inner row

of about 4 spiniform sete.

Short spines on the metatarsi of II. and III. legs as in lezpoldtz.

Mandibles with the upper jaw composed of a sub-quadrate (when

394 Annals of the South African Musewmn.

seen from the side) basal portion, produced at its upper anterior

angle into a long, slender, toothless, terminal fang. This fang is

almost straight and subulate, very slightly sinuous above in the

middle and again below at the apex, and is slightly inclined outwards

from its base; it forms an angle of about 150° with the upper surface

of the mandible; its outer surface is convex but the inner surface

is deeply sulcate throughout its length. The anterior almost trun-

cated surface of the basal portion of the jaw is sinuate in the upper

part and nearly at right angles to the fang, while in the lower part it

is furnished with a double row of teeth, the outer row being com-

posed of 4 teeth, the second tooth being very small. Lower jaw

slender, curved strongly upwards towards the apex, provided with 2

long and rather slender sharp teeth with a minute denticle between

them.

Flagellum composed of a transparent, pear-shaped, flattened disc,

drawn out behind into a straight subulate shaft, which exceeds the

dise in length and is directed backwards and slightly upwards. The

dise is attached, scale-like, to the inner surface of the mandible at its

upper edge just behind the base of the fang in such a manner that

the lower half and the upper edge of the vertical disc is free, the

edge projecting slightly above the upper surface of the mandible.

Measurements.—Total length 164; length of head-plate 3, width

3+; length of mandibles 4; length of palps 14, tibia 43, metatarsus

+ tarsus 43; length of ITI. leg 102; length of IV. leg 214, tibia 5,

metatarsus 44,

Locality.—A single 3 (No. 3802) from Van Wijks Vlei, Carnarvon

Div. (#. G. and D. C. Alston, 1899), captured in a house at night.

GEN. CHROMA, Karsch,

1885, Karsch, Jahrb. Hamburg. Anst., p. 137.

Characters of the South African Species.—Tarsi of IL-IV. legs

two-jointed, with very long, strongly diverging, sub-ungual appen-

dages (fig. 13). Tarsus of I. leg with 2 small but distinct claws in

both sexes. Short stout spines occur only on the IT. and III. legs,

viz., 1 at the apex of the tibia and 3 on the upper side of the meta-

tarsus (in C. inerme these spines are very weak); long spiniform

setee occur on the legs and palps, those on the under side of the tibia

of the latter arranged in two distinct series (sclateri, capense) or more

irregular (¢nerme). Tarsus of palp immovably fused to the meta-

tarsus, the latter (fig. 13a) cylindrical or very slightly depressed from

New and Inttle Known South African Solifuge. 395

above, not attenuated distally, where it is as thick as in the middle,

the under surface without true spines or scopula. Basal enlarge-

ment of flagellum (figs. 13 and 14) protected by a row of stiff bristles,

turgid on the median side but flat on the lateral side, by which it is

immovably fixed to the inner surface of the base of the terminal

fang; the basal enlargement produced upwards into the shaft (not

forwards as in Solpuga). Ocular tubercle with a number of fine

bristles, especially in front. Upper lobe of rostrum either evenly

pointed at the apex, as in fig. 13¢ (sclateri, imerme), or the apex

unevenly pointed, the lower side being straight and the upper convex

(capense, fig. 15d).

CEROMA SCLATERI, 0. sp.

(Figs. 13-13c.)

g .—flagellum extremely long, reaching, when straightened out,

almost to the hind margin of the head-plate. Basal enlargement

pear-shaped, somewhat laterally compressed, deeply suleate on its

anterior side, the sulcus bounded laterally by a high thin keel and

on the median side by a lower, thicker ridge ; the basal enlargement

situated at the base of the upper fang on its inner side and protected

on the median side by a row of long, stiff, feathery hairs which

reach to the apex of the fang. Basal portion of flagellum tapering

gradually upwards and then backwards into the slender filiform

shaft, which passes along the middle of the upper surface of the

mandible and on the lateral side of the eye-tubercle, behind which

it curves gradually towards the median line. The anterior sulcus is

continued backwards along the upper surface for some distance,

while the lateral keel bordering this suleus may be traced almost

to the apex of the flagellum.

Mandibles gibbous above, the upper jaw with the terminal fang

rather long, curved downwards at the apex, which is remote from

the base of the flagellum. First tooth strong, closely followed by a

second equally strong tooth, the basal part of which is prolonged

posteriorly in the form of a long low ridge ; this is followed by the

small outer teeth of the double series; the first tooth of the inner

series long and slender (inner series not drawn in fig. 13). Hind

tooth of lower jaw large and strong, preceded by a smaller tooth ;

immediately in front of the latter is a long low keel confluent with

the base of the smaller tooth ; on the median side of this tooth and

keel is a second keel, running along the inner edge of the upper side

396 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the jaw and directed upwards and inwards, forming a deep sulcus

with the outer keel.

Tarsi of the legs with the terminal segment short, slenderer than

the first segment, from which it is separated by a strong constriction ;

the sub-ungual appendages very long and turgid, somewhat

attenuated towards the apex and strongly diverging, half as long

SS a=

152

156 N

Ceroma sclateri, n. sp. ¢ . Fig. 13, left mandible from inner side (the flagellum is

purposely drawn on the right of the eye-tubercle to show its course). Fig. 13a,

metatarsus and tarsus of palp from the side. Fig. 130, tarsal joints of II. and

III. leg. Fig. 18c, rostrum (apical tuft of hairs not sketched in).

C. inerme, nu. sp. ¢. Fig. 14, left mandible from inner side (the flagellum is

drawn as if on the right side of the eye-tubercle to show its length).

C. capense, n.sp. ?. Fig. 15, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 15a, apical

part of both mandibles, from above. Fig. 150, rostrum (apical tuft of hairs not

sketched in).

as the basal joint of the claws and provided with a very noticeable,

deep-black, basal spot above (fig. 130). Tarsus and metatarsus of

palp stout, straight, not curved below, the former very slightly

incrassated above (fig. 13a). Tibie of II. and III. legs with one

short apical spine, the metatarsi of these legs with 3 short, stout,

dorsal spines; no other short spines are present on any of the legs,

New and Inttle Known South African Solifuge. 397

but the under side of the 3 posterior pairs are provided with long,

curved, spiniform sete. Tibia of palps with two rows of very long,

strong, flexible sete below, 4-5 in each row; the metatarsus without

distinctly seriated sete. I. leg provided with a pair of small claws,

but without sub-ungual appendages.

Ocular tubercle large, strongly projecting anteriorly.

Colow’ and markings very like those of C. ornatum, Karsch.

Ground colour pale yellow, that of the mandibles testaceous yellow.

Head-plate and the limbs (excepting below and at the base) partly

marbled with dark brown, partly infuscate. Mandibles with 1

lateral and 2 dorsal, narrow, longitudinal, infuscate stripes, the parts

between these stripes testaceous yellow and only partially marmorate.

Head-plate infuscate in the lateral parts, except along the border,

which is yellow; the central region marmorate; a median stripe

extending from the hind margin to the ocular tubercle yellow but

not marbled, divided longitudinally by a fine infuseate line and

expanded in the middle and again anteriorly, where it extends round

the hind edges of the tubercle in the form of a short transverse arm,

which ends on each side in an enlarged, somewhat four-sided, yellow

spot. Ocular tubercle black. Terga of abdomen pale yellow, with

a large black patch on each side and a fine, median, black stripe,

the lateral patches longitudinal in the anterior but transverse in the

posterior segments; the soft skin on the sides of the abdomen

infuscate, thickly covered with minute yellow dots and whitish

yellow hairs. Upper surface of the femora of palps and legs, and

of the tibie of the palps and anterior legs yellowish, marmorate,

provided with a longitudinal infuscate stripe along the middle.

Malleoli black-edged. Whole animal covered with whitish yellow

hairs, which are not forked at the apex.

Measurements.—Total length 17; length of head-plate 3, width

31; width of eye-tubercle 1:1; length of mandibles 33, width 13;

length of flagellum (straightened) 54+; length of palp 12, tibia 33,

metatarsus + tarsus 44; length of III. leg 114; length of IV. leg

19, tibia 5, metatarsus 34.

Locality—1 g (type, No. 2840) from Houwhoek, Caledon Div.,

captured by Mr. W. L. Sclater.

A young specimen, 10 mm. long and evidently belonging to this

species, was taken by me at Ashton, Robertson Div. It has the

sides of the abdomen pale yellow and the median dorsal stripe is

obsolete. The single row of teeth in the upper jaw consists of

2 large, curved, distal teeth, followed by a minute and another large

tooth, while the lower jaw has 2 large curved teeth and a small

398 Annals of the South African Museum.

tooth between these; the upper fangs are turned slightly but

distinctly outwards towards the apex.

This species closely resembles C. ornatum, Karsch, from Massai-

land in its colouration.

CEROMA INERME, DN. sp.

(Fig. 14.)

g.—Legs without distinct strong spines, excepting perhaps the

apical spine of the tibie of the II. and III. legs, those on the upper

side of the metatarsi of the II. and III. pair in C. sclateri replaced

in this species by several (more than 3) strong bristles. The long

stout bristles on the under side of the palps not distinctly arranged

in two definite series on the tibia (resembling C. ornatum, Karsch,

in this respect). Metatarsus and tarsus of palps stout and straight,

not concave below, becoming scarcely perceptibly thicker distally.

I. leg as in sclater’. Sub-ungual appendages of tarsi shrivelled up.

Ocular tubercle relatively smaller and less prominent anteriorly than

in sclateri.

Colour.—Mandibles yellow or testaceous, with the 3 longitudinal

stripes of the last species faintly marked in one specimen. Head-

plate black-ferruginous, paler along the median line and at the

posterior and lateral borders ; the eye-tubercle black. Legs yellowish,

the femora and tibiz of the III. and IV. pairs, and the palps from

the distal portion of the femur to the apex, dark ferruginous, all

these segments with a yellow stripe on the under surface ; the II.

pair of legs darkened at the apex of the femora and at the base of

the tibie. Malleoli not black-edged. Abdomen wholly ferruginous

black, the hairs on the terga very short, yellowish, those on the

sides long, white or whitish, silky; the ventral surface densely

covered with short, stiff, erect, whitish hairs, all of which have a

curious, minutely Y-shaped fork at the apex. Mandibles, head-

plate, and limbs thickly covered with very short whitish hairs, with

some longer hairs and set interspersed amongst them.

Mandibles.—Terminal fang of upper jaw long and _ slender,

ervadually curving downwards towards the apex, not sigmoid; the

2 distal teeth strong, remote from the apex, the first Just anterior

to the front edge of the flagellum, the second normal, not produced

backwards at the base in the form of a long keel, but directly

followed by the outer series of the double row; these sharp and not

very small, the first of the inner row spiniform. Lower jaw with

New and Inttle Known South African Solifuge. 399

the posterior tooth large and strong, preceded by a very small tooth

(in one jaw there is a minute tooth between these in addition) ;

anterior to the small tooth are a pair of thin keels, one on the inner

and one on the outer edge of the upper surface; the inner keel is

sub-dentiform and directed upwards and inwards, the outer keel

forms a long low ridge directed upwards and in a line with the teeth

of the jaw. These two keels are very characteristic.

Flagellum somewhat resembling that of sclaterz but much shorter,

the apical part quite straight and terminating on each side of the

ocular tubercle almost in a line with its hind margin. At the

anterior bend the flagellum is strongly compressed laterally, but at

the basal end it is scarcely enlarged, although provided on the

median side with a small inflation (apparently corresponding to that

on the outer side of the basal enlargement of Solpuga); the basal

end protected by a row of stiff feathery bristles, which do not,

however, reach the apex of the jaw. The anterior half of the

flagellum is minutely sulcate above and in front, the outer keel

bounding the sulcus being a continuation of the very high keel at

the anterior bend, as in sclaterz ; in its posterior half, however, the

flagellum is cylindrical without trace of the keel.

Measurements.—Total length 204; length of head-plate 34, width

4; length of mandible 5, width 2; length of flagellum 3%; length of

palp 15, tibia 44, metatarsus + tarsus 4%; length of III. leg 163;

length of IV. leg 244, tibia 6, metatarsus 43.

Locality.—Two males (dry, No. 1055) labelled ‘* Walfish Bay,”

Damaraland (Mr. Cleverley).

CEROMA CAPENSE, 0. sp.

(Figs. 15-15.)

?. Colowration—Very similar in the markings to sclaterz, but

much less deeply infuscate. Mandibles pale yellow, with only one

longitudinal infuscate stripe (corresponding to the middle one of

the three in sclateri), not marbled. Head-plate similar to that of

sclateri, differing only in having the marmorate markings much less

distinct, the whole central area thus appearing plain yellow to the

unaided eye. Terga and sides of abdomen uniformly pale infuscate,

the sides not darker than the terga; the sides are paler and the

terga darker than the corresponding surfaces in sclateri, and the

three infuscate dorsal stripes are quite absent. Legs marked as in

sclateri, but the infuscation is a little paler, and the legs are pale

yellow distally. Malleoli not black-edged.

400 Annals of the South African Museum.

Palps with the metatarsus and tarsus stout, straight, and equally

thick throughout. Armature of the legs and palps and the shape

and colouration of the sub-ungual appendages as in sclateri. I. leg

as in sclatert.

Mandibles very bristly, with a dense cluster of reddish bristles on

the inner side towards the apex. Terminal fang of upper jaw long

and slender, very curiously shaped and divided into two portions:

the basal portion, commencing on a level with the first tooth of the

inner series and forming about two-fifths of the length of the fang,

is hairless, yellowish, slender, almost cylindrical and sharply marked

off from the rest of the jaw; it 1s directed forwards; the distal

portion of the fang is a continuation of the median half of the basal

portion, the lateral half of the latter terminating abruptly, as if the

fang had been transversely cut half-way through its thickness from

the lateral side and then the lateral portion of the distal part sliced

off by a longitudinal vertical cut (fig. 15a). The distal portion of

the fang is dark red and is bent sharply outwards from the base, so

strongly that it forms a right angle with the corresponding portion

of the other jaw; it is further twisted on its axis so that what is

outer surface proximally becomes upper surface distally, while in the

region of the twist this surface is strongly concave; the upper

margin is, moreover, strongly compressed and forms a sharp-edged

keel, which terminates abruptly in an angle at the twist. Dentition

of the upper jaw composed of a posterior double series of 3 outer

and 3 inner, small, separate teeth, the single series in front of

these represented by a low black crenular keel under the basal

portion of the fang, but without any separate teeth; the distal

portion of the fang without teeth. Lower jaw strongly curved up-

wards and outwards at the apex and provided with 2 large teeth and

1 small one between them; in one jaw there is another very minute

denticle in front of the small tooth ; the terminal fang is simple.

Measurements.—Total length 144; length of head-plate 3, width

34; length of mandible 33, width 22; length of palp 114, tibia 33,

metatarsus + tarsus 4; length of III. leg 92; length of IV. leg 16,

tibia 44, metatarsus 3.

Locality—One @ (No. 2843) from Mr. Hertzog’s farm ‘ Berg-

vliet,’’ Constantia area, Cape Peninsula, captured by myself in

October, 1896.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 401

Gen. SOLPUGA, Licht.,

1796, Lichtenstein, Cat. rerum nat., ili., p. 216.

Characters —Tarsus of II. and III. leg four-jointed, of IV. leg

seven-jointed, the sub-ungual appendages small and not strongly

divaricating. Tarsus of I. leg without claws. Metatarsus of palps

appearing thick in the proximal half but attenuated in the distal

half, especially when viewed from the side (Fig. 19), the tarsus again

thickened and immoyably fused with the metatarsus ; under side of

the latter with a large number of irregularly arranged bristles, made

up of short truncated and long pointed ones (in the lineata group

these bristles, especially the longer ones, are minutely bifid at the

apex). Basal enlargement of flagellum flat on the inner side, which

is furnished with a narrow posterior border separated by a curved

eroove from the rest of the surface (Figs. 16, 17, &c.), the outer face

turgid in the upper part but immovably fixed in the lower part to the

inner upper edge of the mandible at the base of the terminal fang ;

the basal enlargement produced anteriorly into the procurrent

portion of the shaft, which is also firmly attached to the upper

surface of the terminal fang. Ocular tubercle with more than two

anterior setee. Upper lobe of rostrum evenly pointed, never deflexed

at the apex.

Young.—Five very young specimens (?) of S. vincta, Koch, from

Signal Hill, Cape Town, measuring between 8 and 9 mm. in length,

and provided with 5 pairs of malleoli, had the tarsus of the I. and

IIT. legs one-jointed, and that of the IV. leg two-jointed. (In the

next smallest specimens, 15 mm. long, these tarsi were jointed as

in the adult.) Besides these the Museum possesses several other

specimens from various parts of the Colony, most, if not all, of

which are perhaps the young of Solpuga, although the species cannot

be determined. In all of these the tarsi are segmented as in the

younger specimens of S. vincta. In the smallest example, measuring

84 mm., there are only 3 pairs of malleoli, but in all the others, the

largest of which measures 134 mm., there are 5 pairs. The meta-

tarsus of the palp, moreover, resembles that of Ceroma in not being

attenuated distally, although this attenuation was observed in all

immature specimens of Solpuga which showed the normal number of

tarsal segments. The ocular bristles are also much fewer in

number, the anterior side of the tubercle generally possessing a

large anterior pair, a little behind which a second much smaller pair

occurs.

Nearly all the species known to me may be arranged in three

402

Annals of the South African Musewm.

groups, to which a fourth is provisionally added for the reception of

a single species of doubtful affinity. These groups appear to be

quite natural. The first two differ only in characters confined to

the one or the other sex, and are closely related, but the third group

appears to stand somewhat apart from the other two.

Synopsis of the identified Species of SoupuGa in the Museum.

ADULT MALES.

Group I.—Upper jaw of mandibles without long toothless spaces, the distal or

single row composed of 4—5 teeth in an uninterrupted series.

a. Flagellum distinctly and finely serrated distally along the upper edge.

ar.

br.

Terminal fang of upper jaw weak, with strong internal tooth. Bushman-

amd cis. cis Sosy we | ey, eis f ney Be ak) cre ee SCRLECILET? amas Den |Dar4aek)

Terminal fang strong and long, with minute internal tooth. Matabele-

land ss s. ss ss we, ew yee cll teei) SEMNQLICOTIISA mi ASp (paso)

b. Flagellum not serrated along upper edge.

az.

Flagellum strongly sinuate above near the apex, reaching backwards

beyond the middle of the mandible.

a3. Flagellum with a strong tooth near the apex. C. Col. (Western Divs.)

lethalis, Koch. (p. 405)

63. Flagellum not toothed. C. Col. (Central and Eastern Divs.)

venator, Poc. (p. 407)

. Flagellum not strongly sinuate at the apex or else very short.

a‘. Basal enlargement of flagellum very long and low, the upper edge

almost straight (slightly concave) for a long distance. Rhodesia (also

DelagoamBs,s20cock)i;. s. <j. ss) neumcc) euuneien ZOIULCUTOL,»L.OC:

b4. Basal enlargement high, rounded or keeled above.

a>, Flagellum with a short strong tooth near apex. Transvaal

venosa, n. sp. (p. 412)

bs, Flagellum not toothed, cuneiform, much broader than the fang

below the anterior bend. Rhodesia .. cwmneicornis, n. sp. (p. 413)

c. Flagellum not toothed, broadly subulate, narrower than the fang

below the anterior bend. Mashonaland .. .. .. sericea, Poc.

ds. Flagellum extremely short, with a slender inner process and a

lobe-like outer process near the apex. Clanwilliam Diy.

cervina, n. sp. (p. 415)

e5. Flagellum rod-like, with a long slender process near the apex.

(TIDINGS oo od oo ob Bom 0G oo) oo SEH, Isofelais (iD, 2uly/))

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 403

Group II.—Upper jaw with long toothless space in the single series.

a°. Flagellum remote from the apex of fang.

a7, Recurrent portion of flagellum serrated along three edges. Cape Div.

vincta, Koch. (p. 420)

b7. Recurrent portion serrated along one edge only. Namaqualand Div.

spectralis, n. sp. (p. 424)

c7. Recurrent portion with slender keel but not serrated .. Se

villosa, n. sp. (p. 422)

b°. Flagellum close to the apex of fang, filiform, minutely cultrate at the apex.

a®, Flagellum occupying the whole upper width of the narrow fang at the

anterior bend. P. Elizabeth cs ae 2 .- lateralis, Koch. (p. 425)

b®. Flagellum occupying only the inner half of the wide upper surface of the

fang at the bend ee ee ies Se CLULLV.LG a SP (07421)

Group III.—Upper jaw with an uninterrupted distal or single series, composed

of 7-10 teeth. Namaqualand and Carnarvon Diys. lineata, Koch. (p. 428)

FEMALES AND NEARLY MATURE YOUNG.

Groups I. and IJ.—Upper jaw of mandibles with 4-5 teeth in the single or

distal series, without toothless intervals.

a. Hairs on the posterior tergal plates of abdomen more or less yellowish and

sub-similar in colour to those on the sides of the abdomen.

a, Head-plate marmorate .. .. .. .. .. «.. cervina, n. sp. (p. 415)

b'. Head-plate not marmorate.

a°*. Dorsal and ventral surfaces of abdomen similarly coloured.

a3. Upper jaw with 2 small teeth between the second and third large

tooth et Renee is. .. lethalts, Koch..(p.405)

63, Upper jaw with only 1 small tooth between the second and third

large tooth 5660 oo co on co on Apelor leteren {ec Or)

b?. Dorsal surface of abdomen black, ventral surface much paler.

serraticornis, n. sp. (p. 409)

b. Hairs on the posterior tergal plates dark-brown to black, those on the sides

of the abdomen white to yellow.

a+, Lower jaw with 2-3 small teeth between the 2 large ones.

fusca, Koch. (p. 417)

b+. Lower jaw with only 1 small tooth between the 2 large ones. (Sternal

plates of the I. abdominal segment produced at the posterior median

angles in the adult ¢.) (Group II.)

a5. Hind-legs without a mane.

a®. Tergal plates of abdomen entirely black-ferruginous, the sides of

abdomen with yellowish-white hairs .. Jateralis, Koch. (p. 425)

404 Annals of the South African Museum.

b®. Anterior tergal plates ferruginous-brown in the middle and

blackened laterally, the posterior ones entirely ferruginous-black,

the hairs on the sides of abdomen yellowish white, those bordering

the tergal plates bright yellow .. .. .. vinceta, Koch. (p. 420)

bs. Hind legs with a distinct mane on upper side .. villosa, n. sp. (p. 422)

Group III.—Upper jaw of mandibles with the distal series composed of 7-10

teeth.

a7. Head-plate with 4, mandibles each with 2 dark stripes above.

lineata, Koch. (p. 428)

b7. Head-plate uniformly yellow .. .. .. .. «. brevipalpus, n. sp. (p. 431)

Group IV.—Upper jaw with the anterior tooth far removed from the second

tooth, as well as remote from the apex of the jaw

nigro-braccata, 1. Sp. (p. 431)

I.—The LETHALIS Growp.

Dentition of upper jaw subsimilar in the two sexes, the distal or

single series composed of 4-5 teeth, which are not separated into growps

by one or more long toothless intervals (figs. 16-22a).

Tn the first abdominal sternite the posterior median angles of the

halves are rectangular or rounded, but not produced in the adult

female. In the male the metatarsus of the palp is distinctly scopu-

late below for a portion of its length; the upper margin of the basal

enlargement of flagellum is obtuse and rounded, or elevated in the

posterior part to form an angular ridge (but rarely forming a high

thin keel) ; the terminal fang of the upper jaw is not elevated along

the inner edge of the upper side to form a groove for the reception of

the flagellum, although often slightly dilated inwards. Palps exceed-

ing, rarely equalling, the III. leg in length. Posterior legs with

numerous shorter and a small number of very long hairs, which

never form a mane (in sericea, Poc., however, the long hairs are very

numerous).

Mostly large or very large species of a yellow colour, the upper

surface often blackened, the abdominal terga mostly uniformly

coloured. The large forms appear to be nocturnal in their habits,

but the small fusca, Koch, and sericea, Poc., which have white silvery

hairs on the sides of the abdomen, are diurnal.

The species which belong here are :—

(a) Species with the hairs on the abdomen uniformly coloured

(probably all or nearly all nocturnal): lethalis, Koch, venator, Poc.,

schlechteri, n. sp., serraticormis, n. sp., monterroi, Poc., venosa, n. sp.,

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 405

cunewornis, n. sp., cervina, nu. sp.; also the following, which are

unknown to me: ferox, Poc., darlingi, Poc., &e.

(b) Diurnal species with the hairs on the sides of the abdomen

white, contrasting strongly (at least in the males) with the dark

hairs on the posterior dorsal plates: sericea, Poc. (with the upper

fang carinate above in the distal half), and fusca, Koch.

SOLPUGA LETHALIS, C. L. Koch.*

C. L. Koch, Arch. fir Naturg., viii., Bd. i., p. 352, 1842; Die

oO”?

Arachn., xv., p. 70, fig. 1465, 3 & 9, 1848.

Flagellwn.—Basal enlargement longer than high, semicircular in

outline, the superior inner edge rather sharply prominent. Pro-

current part of shaft very short, much shorter than the basal enlarge-

ment; the anterior face of the bend situated on a level with (.e.,

directly over), or only very slightly anterior to, the apex of the first

tooth of upper jaw (all specimens from Namaqualand), or much

farther forward, about midway between the first tooth and the apex

of the jaw (specimens from Clanwilliam and Worcester), while in the

specimen from the Paarl the bend is almost directly over the first

tooth in one jaw but much more anterior to this tooth in the other

jaw. Recurrent portion of shaft very long, reaching, when depressed,

to hind margin of eyes or even further back a little beyond the

tubercle (the distance of the apex of the depressed flagellum from

the hind edge of the eye varying from 0-14 mm.); shaft straight or

nearly so for the greater part of its length, running nearly parallel to

the upper surface of the mandible or more commonly ascending (the

distance of the eyes from the nearest part of the flagellum thus

varying in spirit specimens from 4 to 14 times the width of the eye-

* If we exclude Great Bushmanland in the north, I find that all large yellow

males from the western Divisions of the Cape Colony have the flagellum toothed

near the apex, and all large yellow females from these parts are provided with

two small teeth between the second and third large ones in the upper jaw. I

am informed by Professor Kraepelin that this western species is identical with

S. lethalis, Koch. On the other hand, all large yellow males from the Divisions

to the east of those inhabited by lethalis have an untoothed flagellum, and the

large yellow females from these Divisions have only one small tooth in the upper

jaw (except in an abnormal case, where there were three small teeth in one of

the jaws). This eastern form is S. venator, Poc.

As S. lethalis and venator are the only species of which I have been able to

examine a fair number of specimens of both sexes from a number of different

localities, I have taken the opportunity to point out the extent of the variations

observable in several of the organs, especially as regards length. Information on

this point should, I think, be of some service to the systematist.

406 Annals of the South African Musewm.

tubercle) ; the space between the basal enlargement and the recur-

rent shaft not exceeding the width of the latter. The shaft is

strongly sinuate above near the apex, the length of the sinus being

about equal to the width of the eye-tubercle ; the posterior end of

the sinuated portion is provided at the lower (posterior) outer edge

with a sharp tooth, beyond which the shaft is continued for a short

distance to terminate in a sharp point; the tooth is situated over or

slightly behind the eyes when the flagellum is depressed, and is

never absent. The shaft is also cylindrical throughout and quite

smooth, except on the anterior half of the sinuated portion, which is

provided with an oblique and very minutely granular band, com-

mencing anteriorly on the upper surface and ending behind on the

outer side.

Upper jaw of mandibles in g .—Terminal fang short and weak,

curving downwards and outwards at the apex but without sigmoid

flexure ; the fang flattened at the base above and slightly dilated on

the inner side, the dilation often minutely and angularly prominent

or almost toothlike anteriorly. First and second tooth large, straight,

followed by 2 small teeth, the anterior of which may be very minute

or even absent from one or both jaws, the last tooth of the single

series large, quadrate, emarginate at apex. Lower jaw with 2 large

curved teeth and a much smaller tooth between them just in front of

the hind one.

Upper jaw in 2 and young with 8 large strong teeth in the single

series and a pair of small ones between the second and third, the

anterior of these small teeth very minute, although apparently never

absent. Lower jaw with 2 large teeth and a small one between them.

Colour.—Entirely pale yellow to reddish yellow, the skin of the

abdomen generally darker greyish yellow or grey (often very dark in

badly preserved spirit specimens). The long hairs and the bristles

on the legs and head-plate, and especially those on the mandibles,

reddish or reddish yellow; the hairs on the abdomen yellower and

generally of a beautiful golden colour, sometimes with a reddish

tinge. Terga not differently coloured from the sides of the abdomen.

Malleoli pale. Head-plate infuscated just behind the pale anterior

border.

Legs and palps with a thick under-coat of very short hairs, which

are much more numerous than the longer ones.

Dimensions.— 6: Tibia of palp a little shorter than (18-7: 19-1),

equal to, or a little longer than (17:4 : 16-9) the metatarsus + tarsus

and always exceeding the tibia of IV. leg (by 1}-24 mm.). 9:

Width of head-plate equal to or considerably less than the tibia of

New and Lnttle Known South African Solifuge. 407

palp, and slightly less than, equal to, or slightly greater than the

tibia of IV. leg. ‘Tibia of palp shorter than its metatarsus + tarsus,

but equal to or longer than the tibia of IV. leg.

Measurements * of a large 3 and 9% (No. 2826, from Elizabeth-

fontein, Clanw. Div.).—Total length g¢ 50, ¢ 60; length of head-

plate g 94, 2 9, width g 11, ? 12; length of mandible g 144, ¢ 174,

width ¢ 5, 9 64; length of flagellum 14; length of palp 9 58, @ 45,

tibia g 183, 9 14, metatarsus + tarsus 9 19, 9 15; length of IIT. leg

3 50, 2 39; length of IV. leg g 79, ? 61.

Localities.—The Museum possesses 6 ad. 3, 7 ad. 2? , and 4 young

from the western Divisions of the Colony, extending from the

Orange River southwards as far as Malmesbury, Paarl, and Wor-

cester, viz. :—

(a) Namaqualand Div.—1 ad. $ from Kraaiwater, near Naroep,

Great Bushmanland (M. Schlechter), 1 ad. 3 from Steinkopf (W. H.

Turle), Lad. $ and 1 ad. ¢ from Ookiep (Dr. Howard) ; also 2 ad.

? from Namaqualand (M. Schlechter and W. C. Scully).

(6) Clanwilliam Div.—l ad. 9 and 1 ad. 2 from Elizabethfontein

(1,000 feet, Miss M. Bergh), 1 ad. ¢ from Wupperthal (C. L. Lei-

poldt), and 1 juy. from Clanwilliam village (C. L. Leipoldt).

(Dr. R. H. Rozenzweig).

(d) Paarl Div.—1 ad. $ from the Paarl village (Rev. J. F. Cur-

lewis).

(¢) Worcester Div.—1 ad. $ from the village of Worcester (J.

Lycett), 1 ad. 9 and 1 juv. from Rabiesberg, near Nuy River

(#. Purcell), and 2 juv. from Touws River (Dr. W. P. Le Fewvre).

Besides these there is an ad. $ and an ad. ? without locality

(Rev. G. H. R. Fisk).

SOLPUGA VENATOR, Poc.

Poeock, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), xx., p. 258, fig. 7, 3.

Flagellum very variable in length, reaching to above the centre of

the eyes in the northern variety but terminating a little distance

* Throughout this paper the total length includes the mandibles; the length

of the legs is taken along the upper side from the apex of the tarsus to the base

of the first free segment, that of the palps to the posterior upper edge of the first

free segment; the length of the head-plate is measured along the median line

from the anterior surface of the ocular tubercle, and that of the mandible is taken

laterally from the apex to the hinge; that of the flagellum from the apex to the

anterior bend.

408 Annals of the South African Museum.

before the eye-tubercle in more southern varieties.* Basal enlarge-

ment like that of lethalis, except that the upper edge is less sharply

or not at all angular. Recurrent part cylindrical, except quite

anteriorly at the bend, with a similar sinus at apex, but without trace

of apical tooth ; anterior surface of bend on a level with the apex of

first tooth of jaw, or farther forward midway between this tooth and

the apex of the jaw.

Dentition and terminal fang as in lethalis, except that there is only

one small tooth between the second and third large ones in the upper

jaw in both sexes (in a @ from Victoria W. one jaw has 3 such

small teeth and the other only one, but this is doubtless an

abnormity),

Colour as in lethalis.

Measurements of large 3 and ¢ (from Naroep).—Total length

3 57, 2 75; length of head-plate g 11, 9 11, width g 12, 2 154;

length of mandibles g¢ 16, @ 20, width g 53, 9 72; length of

flagellum 13; length of palp g 68, 2 54, tibia gf 224, 2 16,

metatarsus + tarsus ¢ 204, ? 174; length of III. leg g 57, 2 46;

length of IV. leg g 82, 2 71, tibia g 184, 2 15, metatarsus

S 162, 2 183.

Localities (in Cape Colony).—(a) Sutherland Div.: 1 ad. 3

(dried) from the Little Roggeveld (J. Lycett).

(b) Pr. Albert Div.: lad. @ from Laingsburg (D. Car7).

(d) Middelburg Div.: 1 ad. 2 from Middelburg (Dr. C. S.

Piers).

(e) Victoria West Div.: 1 ad. @ from Wagenaars Kraal (Dr.

OC; Ss Piers):

(f) Carnarvon Div.: 2 ad. g and 4 juv. from Van Wyks Vlei

(EZ. G. and D. C. Alston).

(g) Kenhart Div.: 2 ad. @ from Pofadder, in Great Bushman-

land (Max Schlechter).

(h) Namaqualand Div.: 1 ad. g and 2 ad. 2 from Naroep and

* The apex of the flagellum, when depressed, may be distant from the ocular

tubercle 14 times the width of the latter (¢ from Sutherland Div.), once this

width (¢ from Beaufort W.), ?, 3, or 4-4} this width (a ¢ from Van Wyks Vlei);

in another ¢ from Van Wyks Vlei one flagellum is } this width from the

tubercle, while the other reaches the eye itself; in one ¢ from Bushmanland

the apex just touches the anterior side of the tubercle, while in the other it

reaches to the centre of the eye. Different as two extreme cases may appear, it

is nevertheless impossible to specifically separate these specimens, which do not

otherwise differ except in slight and unimportant variations in the relative

lengths of the segments of the limbs.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 409

1 ad. g from Kraaiwater, near Naroep, Great Bushmanland (Max

Schlechter).

Also 2 ad. g without locality (Sir Bartle Frere, Rev. G. H. R.

Fisk), and 1 juv. labelled ‘ Nisbet Bath’’ (Warmbad, in Great

Namaqualand).

The distribution of this species is interesting. It evidently

occupies the whole of those dry regions of the Colony (without winter

rains) which le to the east of the coast strip with winter rains

occupied by lethalis. The only locality where both species have

been found to occur is Great Bushmanland (without winter rains),

where. however, lethalis appears to be very rare. In fact at Naroep

the males of no less than three large yellow species have been found

living side by side by Mr. M. Schlechter, viz., lethalis, venator, and

schlechterv.

SOLPUGA SERRATICORNIS, li. sp.

(Figs. 16, 16a.)

3 (Type).—Flagellwm reaching back a little beyond the middle of

the mandible, ending far in front of the ocular tubercle. Basal

enlargement high, the anterior upper edge less curved than the very

convex posterior edge but not forming an angle with the latter.

Procurrent portion of flagellum short. Recurrent portion forming a

bold curve high above the basal enlargement, the curve occupying

three-fourths of the length and having the concavity facing down-

wards; the distal fourth of the recurrent portion forms a smaller

curve also opening downwards, and where the two curvatures join a

sinus opening upwards is formed. The recurrent portion is stout

anteriorly, terete, not flattened, tapering towards the apex, and pro-

vided with a minutely but sharply denticulate crest in the posterior

third or fourth of its length. This crest runs along the middle of the

outer surface anteriorly, but along the upper outer edge more

posteriorly, ending a little distance from the apex, which is sharply

pointed (fig. 16a).

Upper jaw of mandibles with 3 large teeth in the single row, the

first two being straight, not hooked, while between the second and

third are 2 small teeth (fig. 16). Terminal fang strong, long and

curved downwards but not outwards, more convex than flattened

above (except just under the bend of the flagellum), scarcely dilated

on the inner side, but provided here with a minute tooth, which is,

however, hardly large enough for the lower jaw to close against it.

410 Annals of the South African Museum.

Lower jaw with 2 large hooked teeth and a smaller tooth between

these just anterior to the hinder one.

Dentition of 2 as in lethalis, the upper jaw with 2 small teeth

between the second and third large ones.

Colour.—Head-plate and mandibles reddish yellow, the head-plate

infuscated just behind the pale anterior border; the legs also

reddish yellow in the ?, but pale yellow in the g. Under side of

192

Solpuga serraticoriis, n. sp. ¢. Fig. 16, left mandible from inner side. Fig.

16a, apex of right flagellum from the lateral side more highly magnified.

S. schlechteri, n. sp. ¢. Fig. 17, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 17a,

distal part of same mandible from above.

S. venosa,n. sp. ¢. Fig. 18, left mandible from inner side. Fig. 18a, apex of

left flagellum from above.

S. lethalis, Koch. Fig. 19, metatarsus and tarsus of palp from the side. Fig.

19a, rostrum (apical tuft of hairs not sketched in).

body pale yellow, greyish in one ? specimen. The tergal plates of

the abdomen and the upper portion of the soft skin on each side of

these plates black. The hairs and bristles on the legs, head-plate,

New and Inttle Known South African Solifuge. 411

and especially on the mandibles reddish or reddish yellow, those on

the back and sides of abdomen uniformly reddish yellow. Malleoli

pale.

Locality.—One male (type, No. 1180) from Buluwayo (Rev. Dr.

F’. Kolbe). One ad, ? from Umgusi, near Buluwayo (Rf. Pratt),

and another from Southern Rhodesia (2. Pillans).

Measurements of the Bulwwayo Specimens.—Total length g 40,

? (abdomen not distended) 58 (in Mr. Pillan’s specimen 73, the

abdomen being much distended); length of head-plate ¢ 8, ? 10,

width g 10, 9 15; length of mandible g¢ 12, ° 20, width g 43,

? 7; length of flagellum 52; length of palp g 41, 2 41, tibia

3 14, 2 13, metatarsus + tarsus ¢ 134, 2 134; length of III. leg

gf 38, 2 354; length of IV. leg g 56, 2 56, tibia g 12, ? 114,

metatarsus g 11, ? 10.

SOLPUGA SCHLECHTERI, i. sp.

(Figs. 17, 17a.)

3 .—Flagellum moderately long, reaching back as far as the middle

of the mandible. Basal enlargement high, its posterior margin very

convex, its upper margin much straighter and strongly sloping

forwards, forming a blunt angle with the posterior margin. Pro-

current portion of flagellum short, the anterior bend high, situated

just over the first tooth of the upper jaw. Recurrent portion sinuate

above behind the middle and again below near the apex, the whole

anterior portion (that lying above and before the basal enlargement)

much flattened; the middle portion cylindrical ; the distal third of

the recurrent portion strongly compressed laterally in its basal half,

but finely subulate in the apical half. This distal third is sinuated

throughout its length below, while its upper edge is minutely serrated

nearly to the apex, the serration commencing anteriorly along the

outer side of the upper surface but crossing over to the inner side of

this surface posteriorly. Seen from above (fig. 17a) the flagellum

appears broadest anteriorly and becomes gradually narrower up to

the commencement of the distal third, but seen from the side it

appears thickest in the middle (fig. 17). The anterior portion les

some little distance above the basal enlargement.

Upper jaw with 3 large teeth in the single row; between the

second and third large tooth are 2 small teeth, of which the anterior

one is very minute; the 2 anterior large teeth confluent at their

base and stumpy. Terminal fang very short, curved, its upper

412 Annals of the South African Musewm.

surface flattened but not grooved, dilated on the inner side, the

dilation ending anteriorly in a strong tooth against which the lower

jaw closes. Lower jaw with 2 large strong teeth and a small tooth

between them, just in front of the hind one; this hind tooth

recurved at the apex, and provided in one of the jaws with a minute

additional tooth on its anterior surface; the large anterior tooth

straight, scarcely recurved at the apex.

Colour as in lethalis, entirely pale yellow, the long hairs and

bristles on the legs, head-plate and mandibles, tinged with reddish,

those on the abdomen pale yellow. Head-plate infuseate just behind

the pale anterior border. Malleoli pallid.

Measurements of 3 .—Total length 53; length of head-plate 92 and

equal to the width; length of mandible 13, width 5; length of

flagellum 74; length of palp 55, tibia 18, metatarsus + tarsus 17 ;

length of IIT. leg 50; length of IV. leg 76, tibia 17, metatarsus 15.

Locality.—One adult g (type, No. 3788) from Naroep, Great

Bushmanland, Namaqualand Diy., collected in March, 1898, by Mr.

Max Schlechter, who has discovered no less than three new Solifuge

in Bushmanland.

SOLPUGA VENOSA, 1. sp.

(Figs. 18, 18a.)

3 (Type).—Flagellum reaching back beyond the middle of the

mandible but terminating some distance in front of the eye-tubercle.

Basal enlargement high, rounded, the upper edge forming a short

sharp ridge in the posterior part. Procurrent portion of flagellum

extremely short, the anterior bend situated above or very slightly

anterior to the first tooth of the jaw and very close to the basal

enlargement. Recurrent portion almost touching the basal enlarge-

ment, compressed from above and below ; the anterior three-fourths

nearly straight (except quite anteriorly), becoming slightly narrower

posteriorly (when seen from above), where it is bifid, the median

branch forming a short sharp tooth, while the lateral, which forms

the distal fourth of the recurrent portion, is much longer, lightly

sinuate above, with the apex laterally compressed and dilated above

into a knife-like edge.

Upper jaw of mandibles with the first and second tooth strong,

straight, followed by a pair of smaller teeth (the first of which is

very minute), and another large one at the end of the single series.

Terminal fang short and weak, curved downwards and slightly out-

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 413

wards at the apex, flattened at the base above and provided on the

inner side with a minute tooth or weak tubercle. Lower jaw with

2 large teeth and a small tooth between them, just in front of the

hinder one.

Colowr.—Head - plate yellowish, the anterior portion reddish,

infuscated just behind the pale anterior border ; mandibles yellowish

at the sides, reddish above ; three posterior pairs of legs reddish, the

basal joint or joints yellow below and behind, especially in the last

pair ; tarsi pale yellow ; tibiz and some of the femora with branched

crimson veins on the outer surface. Tergal plates of abdomen deep

black, the soft skin on each side of them crimson, the rest of the

lateral surface and the under side pale. Hairs on the legs pale

yellow or somewhat reddened, those on the mandibles and some on

the head-plate reddish; hairs on the dorsal, lateral, and under

surfaces of the abdomen uniformly golden yellow. Malleoli infuscate

at apex.

Locality.—1 3 (type, No. 3801), captured about twenty miles

east of Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg Distr., Transvaal, by the Rev.

J. W. Daneel.

Measurements.—Total length 33; length of head-plate 54, width

63; length of mandible 81, width 3, length of flagellum 51; palps

wanting ; length of III. leg 26; length of IV. leg 42, tibia 9+,

metatarsus 8.

SOLPUGA CUNEICORNIS, N. sp.

(Figs. 20, 20a.)

$ .—Flagellum short, reaching a little distance behind the basal

enlargement, but not as far as the middle of the mandible. The

basal enlargement high, triangular in outline, the posterior edge

convex, the antero-superior edge quite straight, strongly inclined

forwards and forming a sharp angle with the posterior edge above.

This angle is caused by the upper edge being produced into a thin,

high, vertical, lamellar keel. Shaft extremely broad at the anterior

bend (which is a little behind the level of the first tooth of upper

jaw), being here almost twice the width of the fang below it, the

recurrent portion strongly flattened anteriorly and gradually narrow-

ing towards the middle, where a slight twist round the axis occurs.

Seen from above the anterior half of the recurrent portion thus

appears foliaceous and cuneiform, and the distal half subulate; but

from the side the anterior half appears filiform, while the distal half,

although still subulate in appearance, is a little broader anteriorly

414 Annals of the South African Musewm.

than when viewed from above. The distal half is also slightly

bent outwards from the twist, while the foliaceous anterior half is

furnished above with a number of longitudinal striz and a wider

paler line along the middle, like the leaf of a palm.

Upper jaw of mandibles with the terminal fang short and rather

weak, moderately curved downwards and outwards but without

sigmoid flexure, the upper surface rather flattened and slightly dilated

internally, the dilation ending angularly or in a minute tooth

anteriorly (Fig. 20a). First tooth of upper jaw small, second tooth

large, third and fourth small, about as large as the first, fifth (last

tooth of the single series) large. Lower jaw with 2 large curved

teeth and a smaller tooth between, just in front of the hinder tooth.

Colowr.—Ground colour a very pale yellow, but the upper surface

and the legs much darkened with purplish black and in places

marmorate. Head-plate finely marbled with purplish black, darker

near the periphery, more yellowish in the centre, a fine, median,

longitudinal line yellow; the eye-tubercle black. Mandible only

slightly marbled, a lateral and a pair of dorsal stripes on the basal

part dark purplish black. Tergal plates of abdomen irregularly

tinged with purplish black on a yellow background, the lateral edges

bordered by a fine black line. Palps from the distal half of the

femur to the apex, also the distal part of the femur, the tibia and the

proximal part of the metatarsus of the legs more or less purplish-

black. Sides and under-surface of abdomen yellowish brown. Hairs

reddish ; those on the abdomen paler, reddish yellow. Malleoli pale.

First six or seven dorsal plates of abdomen nearly devoid of fine

hairs, but provided with a comparatively small number of isolated,

symmetrically disposed, reddish bristles of various sizes, some being

very stout, especially six along the hind margin and two nearer the

centre of each plate, these similar to the large ones on the eye-

tubercle. Sides and under surface of abdomen thickly clothed with

soft hairs. Ocular tubercle with a limited number of bristles, which

are symmetrically disposed in a regular semicircle of 5-6 sete

round each eye; the anterior bristle stout, being the largest of the

row, the posterior ones decreasing successively, the second of the

row also long, the third moderate, situated on the summit of the

tubercle, the rest small and on the posterior half of the tubercle ;

between the second and third seta is a fine hair, and there are

further a small number of fine hairs (4-6) on the anterior part of

the eye-tubercle. Palps with many short, stout spines below on meta-

tarsus (and a few also on tibia and end of femur), in addition to the

scopula and truncated bristles.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 415

Locality — One ¢& (type, No. 3799) from Southern Rhodesia

(Rf. Pillans).

Measurements.—Total length 17; length of head-plate 34, width 4;

length of mandible 49, width 2; length of flagellum 2; length of

palp 18, tibia 6, metatarsus+tarsus 54; length of III. leg 174;

length of IV. leg 27, tibia 6, metatarsus 5.

SOLPUGA CERVINA, ND. sp.

(Figs. 21, 21a.)

Flagellum.—Basal enlargement high, the upper and hinder borders

continuously convex. Whole shaft procurrent,* not at all recurved,

broad, strongly flattened from above, curving gently outwards and

very slightly upwards, thickened towards the apex and terminating

in a short, sharp, strongly curved spur, which is directed outwards

and upwards. On the outer edge of the thickened part is a strong,

obtuse, lobe-like process directed backwards and upwards; nearly

opposite this lobe and slightly distal to it on the inner edge is a

curved filiform process, exceeding the apical spur in length and

minutely serrated along the outer edge; apex of flagellum situated

over or a little anterior to the apex of upper jaw.

Upper jaw of mandibles in g with the first two teeth strong,

hooked, and rather remote from the apex of the jaw, followed after

a short interval by two smaller teeth, of which the anterior is very

minute ; fifth or last tooth of the single series strong and hooked.

Terminal fang long and slender, with distinct sigmoid flexure, strongly

depressed at the base (which bears the two hooked teeth), then

curving gently upwards, and then again downwards and strongly

outwards at the apex; its surface rather convex above, the inner

side not dilated, provided with a minute tooth. Lower jaw as usual

(in one jaw the first tooth is not larger than the second), the upper

surface not suleate, nor keeled laterally alongside the teeth.

? .—Between the second and third large tooth of the upper jaw

of the mandibles are two small ones, the anterior of which is very

minute. Lower jaw with one small tooth between the two large

ones. First segment of the abdominal sterna not produced behind

at the median angles.

* This species affords an excellent illustration of the alteration in position

which the flagellum often undergoes in the process of drying. Ifa spirit specimen

be exposed to the air for a short time, the flagellum curls up until its distal half

is quite curved backwards. On relaxing a dry specimen the organ appears to

return to its original position.

416 Annals of the South African Museum.

Colour of 3 and %.—Very much as in cunercornis but not so

dark. Ground colour pallid or pale yellowish, but the greater part

of the legs and of the upper surface of the body is of a dark purplish

tint. Head-plate with the borders and a median line pallid, the

central part on each side of the median line marmorate, the eye-

tubercle deep black. Mandibles pallid or yellowish, finely marbled

with purplish and provided with one lateral and two dorsal, darker,

purplish stripes. Tergal plates of abdomen purplish brown; the

sides of the abdomen yellowish. The short basal segments of the

legs and the basal part of the femur of palps pallid or yellowish ; the

20 202

ON ele aN

: —

222

Paha eee

Solpuga cuneicornis, n. sp. ¢. Fig. 20, right mandible from lateral side. Fig.

20a, distal part of same mandible from above.

S. cervina, n. sp. é. Fig. 21, right mandible from lateral side. Fig. 21a, apex

of same mandible from above.

S. fusca, Koch. Fig. 22, right mandible of ¢ from lateral side. Fig. 22a, right

mandible of ¢ from lateral side.

under side of the legs, their tibiz and metatarsi, and the apex of

the palp more or less pallid or pale yellowish. Hairs on legs and

abdomen reddish yellow, those on the head-plate and mandibles

darker. Malleoli pallid.

Terga of abdomen with a moderate number of bristly hairs. The

palp and IV. leg, or at least their tibia, as in cwnetcornis without

the under coat of short hairs found in the previous species. Ocular

tubercle with about eight distinct bristles and about as many finer

hairs, somewhat irregularly arranged, on the anterior half (besides

others on the posterior side).

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 417

Localities —(a) One gS (type, No. 2845) from the village of

Clanwilliam (C. L. Leipoldt, Nov., 1897), and 1 ? from the same

locality (R. M. Lightfoot).

(b) One g (dry) without a history.

D. C. Alston), almost exactly resembling the ? from Clanwilliam ;

in one of the upper jaws the anterior of the two small teeth has all

but vanished.

(d) One ¢ from Steinkopf, Namaqualand, and one from Namies,

Bushmanland (M. Schlechter), both differing from the typical ? in

having only one small tooth between the second and third large

tooth of the upper jaw. As the anterior of these small teeth is very

minute in the typical ?, I do not consider its absence of specific

value, although of course the male must be found in these localities

too before the specific identity of these three specimens can be

considered certain.

Measurements of typical § and @ .—Total length g¢ 22%, 2 30;

length of head-plate g 4, ? 34, width g¢ 42, 2 43; length of

mandibles ¢ 64, @ 8, width g 2, 24; length of palps g 263,

? 234, tibia 9 8, 2 74, metatarsus + tarsus fg 84, ? 72; length

of III. leg g 25, @ 214; length of IV. leg g 364, 2 31, tibia

3 73, 2 64, metatarsus 3 7, 2? 6.

SoupuGa Fusca, C. L. Koch.*

(Figs. 22, 22a.)

C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg., viii, Bd. i., p. 352, 1842; Die

Arachniden, xv., p. 76, fig. 1470, g¢, 1848.

Flagellum.—Basal enlargement high, rotundate in outline. Anterior

bend of flagellum situated behind the level of the first tooth of the

jaw and nearly over the second tooth. Recurrent portion rod-like

and comparatively thick, being as thick as or thicker than the termi-

nal fang of jaw and extending back some distance behind the middle

of the mandible, but not reaching the head-plate. In one specimen

the shaft is distinctly compressed, the flattened side being turned

upwards and outwards, so that the inner edge lies higher than the

outer; in the other specimen the flagellum is scarcely compressed

and almost cylindrical. The sides of the shaft are parallel, but at

* These specimens, which I had described as new, were kindly identified from

Koch’s type by Professor K. Kraepelin.

418 Annals of the South African Museum.

the apex the flagellum terminates in a short, sharp, subulate portion,

at the base of which a fine, straight, pallid, bristle-like process

springs from the upper edge and extends backwards beyond the

apex.

Upper jaw of mandibles in 3 (fig. 22) much resembling that of

cervina, the first two teeth large, almost straight, followed by two

small teeth and a large one; the terminal fang rather long and

slender, with strong sigmoid flexure, strongly depressed at the base,

curving first upwards and then at the apex strongly and suddenly

downwards. Lower jaw with two strong curved teeth and two or

three small ones between them just in front of the hind tooth; the

upper surface not sulcate laterally alongside of the teeth.

Female with 2 small teeth in the upper jaw, between the second

and third large tooth, and 2-3 small ones in the lower jaw between

the two large ones (Fig. 22a); in one specimen there is also a

small tooth between the first and second large tooth in the upper

jaw.

Colour.—Upper surface of the mandibles, the whole of the head-

plate (except the white anterior margin), the tergal plates of the

abdomen, and the legs ferruginous-black ; the sides and under surface

of the mandibles, the under surface of the thoracic segments and of

the basal joints of the legs pale yellowish ; under side of palp and of

the three posterior femora paler than the upper side. Ventral plates

of abdomen pale, with blackened lateral borders in the ?, but more

or less darkened in the g¢. The soft skin on the sides of the abdo-

men pale in the °, with blackened upper and lower borders and

thinly clothed with pallid hairs; in the g this soft skin is quite

hidden by a thick coat of silvery white appressed hairs.* Malleoli

blackened distally. Hairs on the mandibles, head-plate, and legs

dark brown, a few yellowish brown, those on the posterior terga very

dark, contrasting strongly with the pale or white hairs on the sides

of the abdomen.

First abdominal sternite not produced behind at the median angles

in the ?.

Measurements.—Total length g 16, 2 16; length of head-plate

f 21, 9 21, width g 22, 2 24; length of mandible g¢ 33, 2 4;

length of flagellum 2}; length of palp ¢ 12, 92 9, tibia g 34, Q 23,

metatarsus+tarsus § 4, 2 84; length of III. leg g 114, 9? 9;

length of IV. leg 2 15, tibia g 34, 2 3, metatarsus $ 33, 2 3.

Locality.—2 ad. g from near Cape Point (f. M. Lightfoot), 1 ¢

* Koch describes the sides of the upper surface of the abdomen as ochre-yellow

in the ¢.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 419

from side of Table Mountain, near Rondebosch (f. Treleaven), 1 ¢

from Wynberg (/'. Purcell) ; also two dried females ; all these speci-

mens from the Cape Peninsula.

I1.—The vincta Group.

Dentition of the upper jaw very dissimilar in the two sexes ; the

teeth of the distal or single series not exceeding five in number and

separated into groups by one or two long untoothed intervals im the

adult male (the distal group often obsolete) (figs. 238-27); teeth in

the 2 as in Group. I.

In the first abdominal sternite the posterior median angles of the

halves are more or less produced into a rounded lobe in the adult @.

Metatarsus of palps as in Group I. In the ¢ the upper margin of

the basal enlargement of the flagellum is strongly elevated, forming

a high, thin, upright keel along its whole length, and the terminal

fang of the upper jaw has the inner edge of the upper surface dis-

tinctly elevated keel-like to form a groove for the reception of the

procurrent portion of the flagellum. When the bend of the flagellum

is remote from the apex of the fang, the distal part of this keel lies

free and is very distinct ; if, however, the flagellum almost reaches

the apex it fills up almost the entire groove, leaving only the anterior

angular extremity of the keel free. (In lateralis, Koch, this keel is

obsolete.) Palps exceeding or equalling the III. leg in length.

Posterior legs with the hairs either as in Group L., or arranged in a

mane, or the long ones very numerous.

All the species of which the habits are known to me are diurnal

(lateralis, vincta, spectralis, and others).

The females of this group may generally be recognised from those

of Group I. by the colouration of the abdomen (the hairs on the sides

being white or yellow, and nearly always strongly contrasting with

the dark hairs on the posterior dorsal plates), and often also by the

presence of a mane of long or short hairs on the hind legs. The

adult ¢ is further easily recognisable by the produced hind angles of

the first abdominal segment—a character not met with in immature

specimens nor in any species not included in this group, as far as

at present known.

The species which belong here are: vincta, Koch, villosa, n. sp.,

spectralis, n. sp., lateralis, Koch, cultrata, n. sp. ; also the following,

which are unknown tome: marshalli, Poc., derbiana, Poc., producta,

Karsch, &c.

420 Annals of the South African Musewm.

SotpuGa vineta, C. L. Koch.

(Fig. 23).

C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg. viii., Bd. i., p. 352, 1842; Die Arachn.

xv., p. 74, fig. 1468, g, 1848. Non Simon, Ann. 8. Ent. Fr.

(5) ix., p. 110; plis) fig. 6; 1879.

Flagellum.—Basal enlargement high, rounded, the upper edge

produced upwards into a high, sharp, vertical keel along its whole

length. Procurrent portion very short, the anterior bend remote

from the apex of fang and situated behind the level of the second

tooth. Recurrent portion straight and rather erect, inclined at an

angle of 60° or more to the horizontal * and very short, being about

equal in length to the terminal toothless portion of the lower jaw;

in form spindle-shaped when seen from the front, increasing in width

from the bend to the middle and tapering thence to a fine point ;

the transverse section through the middle T-shaped, the long bar of

the T representing the section of the main blade, which is strongly

flattened from before and behind (or above and below), while the

short bar represents that of the median side; the anterior (upper)

side, therefore, widely sulcate and facing slightly inwards ; the three

free edges of the distal half of the recurrent portion deeply and finely

serrato-lacerated. Upper jaw of mandibles in 3 with the first two

teeth large and strongly hooked at apex, followed by a long, concave,

toothless interval, after which a small tooth confluent with a large

one follows, terminating the single series. Terminal fang moderate,

inclining slightly downwards for about one-third of its length from

the base, then slightly upturned, the apex suddenly and strongly

curved downwards but not outwards; the upper surface sulcate at

base, its inner edge flanked by a thin, upright, blade-like keel, which

is situated above the first tooth; this keel finely serrated in its

anterior half, provided with a sharp tooth directed forwards in the

middle, but entire and higher in the posterior half. No tooth on the

inner side of the fang. Lower jaw with two large curved teeth and

a smaller one between them, nearer the hind tooth; upper surface

not sulcate, its outer edge rounded off in the toothed region.

2? and juv.—With one small tooth between the second and third

large tooth in the upper jaw, and between the two large ones in the

lower jaw.

Colour.—Head-plate and upper surface of mandibles yellowish

brown in the male but generally much darker and ferruginous in

* In spirit specimens; but much more nearly horizontal when the specimen

is allowed to dry.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 421

the @ and young specimens. Sides of the mandibles and the under

surface of the body brownish yellow; limbs ferruginous-brown,

mostly darker in the ? than in the g, in both almost black distally.

Legs with dark brown and whitish hairs intermixed. Hairs on head-

plate and mandibles dark brown. Dorsal plates of abdomen ferru-

ginous brown in the middle and blackened laterally, the posterior

plates wholly ferruginous-black, especially in the g, the hairs on

the plates dark brown, those on the posterior plates almost black.

Sides of the abdomen ferruginous-black in the male, thickly covered

with silvery white, somewhat iridescent hairs; the sides yellowish

Solpuga vincta, Koch. Fig. 23, apex of left mandible of ¢ from inner side.

S. villosa, n. sp. Fig. 24, left mandible of ¢ from inner side.

S. spectralis, n. sp. Fig. 25, right mandible of ¢ from lateral side.

brown in the adult ? and covered, although somewhat less thickly,

with yellowish white hairs, those on the upper part bordering the

tergal plates bright yellow and brownish yellow, iridescent. Abdo-

minal sterna brown or yellowish brown, infuscated at the lateral

borders. Legs without trace of a mane. Malleoli with infuscated

edges.

Measurements.—Total length g 23, ? 31; length of head-plate

3 332, 9 41, width g 4,9 43; length of mandibles ¢ 6, ? 8, width

gf 24, 9 23; length of flagellum 2; length of palp ¢ 163, 2 1%,

429 Annals of the South African Museum.

tibia #5, 2? 5, metatarsus+tarsus gf 54, 2? 6; lengthof III. leg $15,

216; length of IV. leg g 25, ? 26, tibia g 53, 2 54, metatarsus

oO Ane ae.

Locality.—2 ad. g, several ad. ? and a number of young from

round about Cape Town (Signal Hill, Devils Peak, L. Péringuey,

R. M, Lightfoot, F. Purcell).

This species is diurnal in habits. The posterior median angles of

the halves of the first abdominal sternite are produced in the adult

female, but not produced in the male and immature specimens.

SoLPUGA VILLOSA, Nn. sp.

(Fig. 24.)

Flagellum reaching back beyond the middle of the mandibles and

passing high above the basal enlargement. Basal enlargement

distinctly longer than high, being produced anteriorly; its upper

and posterior margins continuously rounded ; upper margin strongly

elevated along its whole length to form a well-developed keel,

which, however, is much less in height than the exposed, outer,

turgid portion.» Procurrent portion rather short, the anterior bend

bold and high, remote from the apex of fang, situated about midway

between this apex and the hind edge of the basal enlargement.

Recurrent portion cylindrical, tapering distally to a fine bristle-like

point, the third quarter of its length alate along the outer side,

being furnished with a thin fin-like keel, which nearly equals the

diameter of the shaft in height.

Upper jaw of mandibles in § with peculiar dentition ; the first

tooth very small and near the apex, the second large and isolated,

being far removed from both the first and the third, which is small

and closely followed by the large last tooth of the single series.

Terminal fang long and strong, very straight, its upper side parallel

to that of the mandible, but on a slightly lower level; there is no

flexure in the vertical plane, but the distal part is slightly bent

outwards and the apex slightly downwards ; upper surface of fang

sulcate throughout, the median keel high beneath the anterior bend

of flagellum, but low anteriorly to this and scarcely toothed. Under

jaw with two strong teeth and a small one between them, just in

front of the hind tooth, the upper surface distinctly grooved along

the outer side of the row of teeth, the outer upper margin being

strongly prominent and crest-like.

2 and young.—One small tooth between the second and third

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 423

large tooth in upper jaw, and between the two large teeth in lower

jaw.

Colour. — g brownish yellow to yellowish or orange-brown.

Malleoli not black-edged. Bristles on the head-plate and mandibles

dark brown, the dense short hairs on these parts and on the legs

pale yellowish ; the long hairs on the hind legs yellowish white or

almost white, yellowish at the base, those on the under side of this

leg, excepting on the tarsus, very numerous, forming a long, well-

developed mane, the single hairs of which equal half the metatarsus

in length; those on the upper side of the hind leg rubbed off in the

type. Abdomen with the sides of the anterior and the whole

surface of the posterior tergal plates thickly covered with intensely

black hairs, the anterior plates with short yellowish hairs in the

middle. Sides of the abdomen thickly clothed with longer, very

pale, whitish-yellow hairs.

? .—The short pubescence, especially that on the legs, very dense

and soft and of a bright yellow colour, that along the upper and

under sides of the last pair of legs longer, forming a very dense,

short, bright yellow mane, extending along almost the whole length

of the leg. The length of the single hairs of this mane is much

less than in the case of the 3, being only one-third of the length

of the metatarsus. Sides of the abdomen densely covered with

very gaudy yellow or partly orange-coloured hairs.

First segment of the abdominal sterna with the posterior median

angles produced in the ad. ?.

Measurements of typical 3 and 2 .—Total length (bodies shrivelled)

S 28, 2 43; length of head-plate 3 6, 9 7, width $ 7, 2 10; length

of mandibles ¢ 10, 9 13, width 9 34, 9° 42; length of flagellum 63 ;

length of palp g 284, 2 264, tibia J 94, 2 84, metatarsus + tarsus

& 94, 9 91; length of III. leg 9 254; length of IV. leg 3 47, 2? 44,

tibia 3 10, 2 9, metatarsus gf 10, 2 9.

Localities.—(a) Types: An ad. $ and ?, dried (No. 1048), labelled

“8, Africa, 1875 ” (H. Hughes).

(>) One dry specimen, apparently nearly mature, from Concordia,

Namaqualand Diy., 1893.

Findlay, 1888). All these specimens appear to belong to one

species, which is remarkable for the denseness of the short yellow

pubescence on the palps.

424 Annals of the South African Musewm.

SOLPUGA SPECTRALIS, N. Sp.

(Fig. 25.)

3 .—Flagellum reaching back beyond the middle of the mandible,

passing close above the basal enlargement,* the latter shaped as in

S. villosa ; the anterior bend short and sharp, remote from the apex

of the fang and situated some distance behind the distal group of

teeth. Recurrent portion tapering distally to a filiform apex; the

distal half much flattened from the sides, finely and deeply serrated

along its upper edge, the lower edge thin but entire.

Upper jaw of mandibles with three distal teeth close together, of

which the first is very small, triangular and keel-like, the second

long and pointed, the third large and bifid at the apex; then follows

a long, strongly concave, toothless interval, and finally a very long

tooth immediately preceded by a very minute denticle; the posterior

double series runs almost at right angles to the distal series.

Terminal fang long, inclining slightly downwards from the base for

about half its length, then sub-horizontal and curved outwards till

near the apex, which is bent downwards; the upper surface pro-

vided along the inner edge throughout more than half the length of

the free part before the flagellum with a very high keel, situated

over the distal group of teeth, the upper edge of the keel slightly

irregular but not toothed; at the commencement of the bend the

flagellum is situated in the middle of the upper surface of the fang,

and occupies almost the entire width. Lower jaw with two strong

teeth and a small one just midway between them, the upper surface

not grooved or keeled laterally in the toothed region.

Colour.—Legs and the upper surface of the body ferruginous,

the mandibles paler, yellowish brown above, under surface of

mandibles, of body, and of the basal joints of the legs pale

yellowish. Legs and palps distally darker and ferruginous-black.

The thorax, abdomen, and the three hind pairs of legs very densely

covered with long soft hairs, those on the thorax and the anterior

abdominal terga whitish brown in colour, the rest white ; those on

the hind leg enormously long and very numerous, but not forming

a mane, the single hairs much longer than the metatarsus ; on the

posterior end of the abdomen above are a few black hairs. The

bristles on the head-plate and mandibles brown, as are also most of

the hairs on the palps. Malleoli black-edged.

Measurements.—Total length 28; length of head-plate 5, width 6;

* As the specimen is dried, the flagellum may have been more erect in the

living animal.

New and Inttle Known South African Solifuge. 425

length of mandible 83, width 3; length of flagellum 42; length of

tibia of palp 8, tarsus+metatarsus 9; length of IV. leg 44, tibia 84,

metatarsus 81.

Locality.—-One $, dried (No, 1158), from Klipfontein, near Stein-

kopf, Namaqualand Div. (L. Péringuey, 1885).

SoLPUGA LATERALIS, C. L. Koch.

(Figs. 26-260.)

C. L. Koch, Arch. f. Naturg. viii., Bd. i., p. 353, 1842; Die Arachn.,

xv., p. 82, fig. 1474, g. 1848.

Flagellun.—Basal enlargement very high, rotundate, the whole

upper margin elevated in the form of a very high and thin laminar

keel. Procurrent portion very long, longer than the lamina, the

anterior bend near the apex of the jaw and farther forward than the

first large tooth. Recurrent portion very long and slender, gradually

tapering towards the apex, cylindrical and almost straight, reaching

back beyond the eyes and passing high above the basal enlargement;

the apex not needle-pointed but somewhat blunted by a very minute

dilation of the upper edge (fig. 26).

Upper jaw of mandibles in 3 with three teeth near the apex,

followed by a long, slightly concave or nearly straight, toothless

interval; the first tooth very small and weak, the second and third

straight and strong; first tooth of the basal series small, the second

strong and straight and as large as the distal pair. Terminal fang

curved downwards at the tip, the upper surface flattened and dilated

inwards under the bend of flagellum, the dilated part ending ante-

riorly in a minute tooth but scarcely elevated along the inner edge,

the inner keel of the upper surface being practically obsolete; the

procurrent portion of the flagellum occupies almost the entire width

of the fang in the region of the anterior bend. Upper side of the

fang on a level with that of the rest of the jaw and therefore not

at all depressed, its under side with a convexity at the base, which

bears the two large teeth. Lower jaw with a pair of large teeth and a

small tooth between them, just in front of the hind tooth ; the upper

surface not sulcate laterally, its outer edge rounded off in the toothed

region.

2? and youny with only one small tooth between the second and

third large tooth in the upper jaw and between the two large teeth

in the lower jaw.

Colour.—Head-plate and upper surface of mandibles brownish

426 Annals of the South African Museum.

yellow to brown, the sides and under surface of the latter and the

under surface of the body yellowish ; legs ferruginous-black, paler at

the base, especially on the under side; head-plate infuscated behind

the anterior border. Palps yellowish in the proximal part, becoming

darker ferruginous distally, nearly black at the apex. Terga and

sides of abdomen entirely black-ferruginous, the latter densely covered

with silky yellowish white hairs; under side darker posteriorly.

Malleoli infuscated at the edges. Hairs on the abdominal terga

dark brown, those on the legs brown, many of those on the posterior

pairs, especially in the g , whitish brown.

Posterior median angles of the halves of the first abdominal

ees 268

pees nS,

7 ——_ 268

27, a7a

ill ne eee

ct oe? ae

; = 276

is Sr resree =

Solpuga lateralis, Koch. ¢. Fig. 26, left mandible from inner side. Fig. 26a,

apex of same mandible from above. Fig. 26b, apex of flagellum from the side,

more highly magnified.

S. cultrata,n. sp. ¢. Fig. 27, left mandible from inner side. Fig. 27a, apex

of same mandible from above. Fig. 27b, apex of flagellum from the side, more

highly magnified.

sternite produced in the adult 2 but not produced in the immature

and 3 specimens.

Measurements.—Total length g 18, ? 24; length of head-plate ¢ 3,

? 84, width g 32,9 5; length of mandibles g 51, ? 7, width ¢ 1°8,

? 22; length of flagellum 5; length of palp g 122, ? 144, tibia f 3°8,

? 4, metatarsus + tarsus f 44, ? 44; length of III. leg g 122, 9 132;

length of IV. leg g 19, 2 22, tibia g 4, 9 44, metatarsus f 33, ? 4.

Locality.—1 ad. §, 1 ad. 2, and 1 juv. from Port Elizabeth

(J. L. Drége, 1898); I have also examined an ad. g, kindly lent by

Mr. West, of Port Elizabeth.

Mr. Drége informs me ‘that this species is diurnal.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 497

SOLPUGA CULTRATA, n. sp.

(Figs. 27-275.)

Flagellum passing back a little distance above the basal enlarge-

ment and reaching or almost reaching the eye-tubercle. Basal

enlargement shaped as in villosa. Procurrent portion long, the

anterior bend very high and bold, situated close behind the apex of

the fang. Recurrent portion slender and needle-like, the upper side

minutely cultrate at the apex, being furnished here with a short, sharp,

dark brown keel, which terminates anteriorly in a sharp angle (fig. 270).

Upper jaw of mandibles practically toothless distally, strongly

convex on the under side below the bend of flagellum and provided

here with a couple of obsolete tubercles, representing the distal

teeth ; the convexity followed by a long, concave, untoothed portion,

terminated behind by a long and strong tooth, which bears a small

denticle on its anterior surface. Terminal fang inclined downwards

from the base and depressed in the middle above, the weak apical

part tilted upwards, but the actual tip is curved downwards and

inwards; sigmoid flexure distinct. The inner half of the broad

upper surface of the fang deeply grooved longitudinally for the

reception of the flagellum, the short, free, anterior portion of the

groove situated on the median side of the apical fang and terminating

low down on a level with the under surface of the latter; the apex of

the groove is emarginated and very wide, so that the lower jaw can

close against it. The lateral half of the fang raised high above the

level of the procurrent portion of the flagellum on its outer side,

equalling the latter in width at the bend and continued forwards

beyond this point, passing over directly into the tip of the fang

(fig. 27a), Lower yaw with two large teeth and a small tooth between

them, just in front of the hind one; the jaw deeply grooved above

on the outer side of the teeth, the outer upper edge forming a strong

dark brown keel, which is highest anteriorly and terminates rather

abruptly considerably in front of the first tooth.

Colour.—Dorsal and upper half of the lateral surface of mandibles,

the head-plate, the dorsal and lateral surfaces of abdomen, and the

limbs infuseated; the under surface of the mandibles, of the body, and

of the bases of the legs pale yellowish. Hairs on the limbs white,

the last pair of legs without mane; * the bristles on the mandibles

and head-plate infuscate, or yellowish at base and infuscated distally ;

femora of legs, the head-plate, and the sides of the mandibles thickly

covered with minute white hairs. Tergal plates of abdomen some-

* As these legs are somewhat rubbed, this point is not quite certain.

428 Annals of the South African Museum.

what rubbed, but the hairs on the posterior segments are dark

blackish brown ; sides of the abdomen thickly covered with yellowish

white hairs. Malleoli pale, not black-edged.

Dentition in young.—One small tooth between the second and third

large ones in the upper jaw and between the two large teeth in the

lower jaw.

Measurements of 3 .—Total length 40; length of head-plate 5,

width 7; length of mandibles 9, width 34; length of flagellum 81;

palp very stout, its length 23, tibia 73, metatarsus + tarsus 7},

width of tibia 1°; length of III. leg 21; IV. leg incomplete, tibia 64,

metatarsus 6.

Locality.—One g, dried (type, No. 1051), from Durban, Natal

(J. Innes, 1885); 1 juv. from the same locality (Col. J. H. Bowker).

This species is allied to S. hostilis, White, in which, however,

the anterior curve of the flagellum is sharp and short, and the

anterior third or half of the recurrent portion is not horizontal but

inclined, with the under side concave. In cultrata the anterior

curve is much higher, so that the anterior half of the recurrent

portion is not concave below but lies in the same horizontal plane

with the posterior half.

III.—The wrnEata Group.

Dentition of the wpper jaw similar in the two sexes, the distal or

single series composed of a small or moderately large distal tooth,

followed by 1-3 small teeth and one large one, then 3-5 small teeth,

and finally another large one (figs. 28, 29).

Palps considerably shorter than the III. leg; the pointed and

truncated hairs of the metatarsus mostly replaced by hairs of various

lengths, which are minutely bifid at the apex. In the g¢ the meta-

tarsus of the palps is not scopulate below. Hairs on posterior legs

mane-like, at least on the under side.

Only two species are comprised in this group, viz., lineata, Koch,

and brevipalpus, n. sp.

SoOLPUGA LINEATA, C. L. Koch.

(Figs. 28-280.)

GC. Li. Koch, Ardh.+f. Naturg., vii., Bd: 1, p. 353; 1842) Die

Arachn., xv., p. 80, fig. 1473, fg, 1848.

3 .— Flagellum reaching back a little behind the middle of the

mandibles. Basal enlargement small, rotundate, the free upper

New and Lnttle Known South African Solifuge. 429

portion strongly compressed, not turgid below on the outer side.

Procurrent portion much longer than the basal enlargement, the

anterior bend rather remote from the apex of the jaw and about on

a level with the second tooth. Recurrent portion passing a little

distance above the basal enlargement, stout anteriorly, but flattened

and thin posteriorly for more than half its length ; from the bend

it slightly increases in width up to the commencement of the distal

eal

Solpuga lineata, Koch. Fig. 28, right mandible of 3 from outer side. Fig. 28a,

apex of same mandible from inner side. Fig. 28), apex of mandible of nearly

mature or ? specimen.

S. brevipalpus, n. sp. Fig. 29, apex of mandible of ¢ .

S. nigro-braccata, n. sp. Fig. 30, right mandible of ¢ from lateral side.

third, whence it tapers to a long fine point; the flattened portion

feathered along the edges and slightly twisted, so that the upper

surface comes to face inwards distally; the shaft straight, but

curving upwards distally.

Upper jaw of mandibles with the first tooth small or moderately

430 Annals of the South African Musewm.

large, the second and third small, the fourth strong and curved,

closing down just in front of the first tooth of the lower jaw ; then

follows a series of 3-5 small teeth and finally another strong tooth,

which terminates the single series; the first tooth of the single

series is always larger than the other small teeth, but smaller than

the two large teeth. Terminal fang strong, curved downwards and

outwards at the apex, the upper surface sulcate, being furnished

on the inner edge with an upright smooth keel, which becomes very

low anteriorly and terminates in a tiny angle or tooth at the com-

mencement of the apical curve (fig. 28a). The under side of the

upper jaw is perfectly straight, and there is no flexure except at the

tip. Lower jaw with two large teeth and a small one between them

just in front of the hind tooth but remote from the anterior one; the

upper surface of jaw not sulcate laterally, its outer edge somewhat

angular but not carinate on the lateral side of the teeth.

Colour.—Yellow, two longitudinal stripes on the thorax and

abdomen, four on the head-plate, and two on each of the mandibles

infuscate or black; the upper surface of all of the limbs blackened or

dark brown, or the anterior limbs not infuscate. Pubescence of a

beautiful silvery white colour, the long hairs on the head-plate and

mandibles and many of those on the palps brown. Hairs on the

sides of the abdomen long and silvery white. Hind legs with the

tibia and metatarsus thickly covered above with enormously long

silvery hairs, far exceeding the metatarsus in length, the hairs on

the lower side of these joints and on the femora shorter, forming

a delicate mane.

Dentition in young.—Upper jaw with the first tooth large, followed

by one or two small ones, then another large one, followed by 4

small ones, after which comes the large last tooth of the single

series. Lower jaw with one small tooth between the two large

ones, which are closer together than in the ad. @.

Measurements of ad. § and immature specimen from Ookiep.—

Total length g 32, juv. 25; length of head-plate g 5, juv. 3%, width

3S 64, juv. 42; length of mandible g 11, juv. 74, width g 34, juv.

21; length of flagellum 4%; length of palp gf 164, juv. 113, tibia

3 54, juv. 34, metatarsus + tarsus 9 6%, juv. 42; length of III.

leg § 20, juv. 144; length of IV. leg ¢ 334, juv. 214, tibia ¢ 6,

juv. 4, metatarsus gf 63, juv. 44.

Localities.—(a) 4 ad. g and 1 juv. (all dried) from Ookiep,

Namaqualand Div. (L. Péringuey, 1885). In these specimens the

palps have no black stripes and the two infuscate stripes on the

mandibles do not unite anteriorly.

New and Little Known South African Solifuge. 431

(5) 1 ad. 3 (dried) from Van Wyks Vlei, Carnarvon Div. (H. G.

Alston, 1885). Palps and I. leg with a black longitudinal stripe ;

the two black stripes on the mandibles unite anteriorly.

without a history.

SOLPUGA BREVIPALPUS, 0. sp.

(Fig. 29.)

? —Upper jaw of mandibles with the first tooth rather small,

followed by 2-3 very small teeth and a large one; between the

latter and the large last tooth of the single series are 3-5 very small

teeth. Lower jaw with two large teeth and a small one between

them, just in front of the hind tooth; the apex of the anterior tooth

remote from the others, but its basal portion extends backwards to

the small tooth in the form of a low keel.

Colowr.—Pale yellow, the apex of the jaws and the eyes blackened.

All the terga or only the posterior ones broadly ferruginous-

brown at the lateral borders, the last segment entirely ferruginous-

brown. Metatarsus, tibia, and upper surface of femur of IV. leg and

the apex of the palps more or less reddish brown. The hairs mostly

white; the IV. leg provided on the upper side of the tibia and

metatarsus with a very delicate silky mane of enormously long

white hairs, and with a shorter mane on the under side of these and

of the femoral segments.

Measurements.—Total length 31; length of head-plate 34, width 5;

length of mandible 74, width 24; palps remarkably short, 115 mm.

long and only two-thirds of the length of the III. leg, tibia of

palp 34, metatarsus + tarsus 4+; length of III. leg 17; length of

IV. leg 274, tibia 5, metatarsus 5.

Locality.—Four specimens (No. 2830) from Naroep, Great Bush-

manland, Namaqualand Div. (Maz Schlechter, Feb., 1898).

IV.—Swpecies of Uncertain Position.

SOLPUGA NIGRO-BRACCATA, N. Sp.

(Fig. 30.)

Jaws of mandibles extremely long; the single series of the upper

jaw composed of 4 strong teeth, of which the third is only a little

smaller than the other three, and the first is far removed from the

432 Annals of the South African Museum.

second, the space between these teeth being sub-equal to that

between the second and the fourth. Lower jaw with two large teeth

and a smaller one between them, just in front of the hind one.

Colour.—Yellowish; the jaws paler, with blackened apex. Tarsus

and apical portion of metatarsus of palps and the hair on these parts

dark blackish brown ; tibia of palps infuscated near the apex; IV.

leg with the apex of the femur, the whole tibia and the basal

portion of the metatarsus deep black. The soft skin on the sides

of the thoracic segments deep black above the bases of the palps

and first three pairs of legs, the blackened areas almost meeting in

the median line above in the segment bearing the III. pair of legs.

Hairs, including those on the blackened parts of the IV. leg, pale

yellowish.

Palps thickly clothed with soft silky hairs, those on the under side

longer, about twice the diameter of the limb in length; all the legs

with similar hairs, those on the under side of the femora forming

a mane; hairs on tibia and metatarsus of IV. pair not forming

a distinct mane, although somewhat longer on the upper and under

sides.

Measurements.—Total length 45; length of head-plate 6, width 74;

length of mandible 14, width 34; length of palp 254, tibia 82,

metatarsus + tarsus 8; length of III. leg 264; length of IV. leg

40, tibia 74, metatarsus 74.

Locality.—One specimen, apparently an ad. 9 (No. 1175), from

Damaraland (G. Tatlow, 1889).

Since this paper went to press, specimens of all the species, both

new and old, with the exception of C. inerme, S. villosa, spectralis,

nigro-braccata and cultrata, nn. spp., were submitted to Professor

K. Kraepelin, who kindly compared them with his own and Koch’s

types. I am wholly indebted to him for the identification of H.

lanatus (Koch), S. lethalis, and fusca, Koch.

All specimens mentioned in this paper are preserved in spirits,

unless the contrary is stated.

( 433 )

XIT.—New South African Scorpions wm the Collection of the South

African Musewm.—By W. F. Purcety, Ph.D., First Assistant.

(Preliminary communication.)

PARABUTHUS NEGLECTUS, n. sp.

Colour yellow, the abdomen often darkened with green or brown.

Cauda very like that of capensis, Hemp. and Ehrbg. (=7ros, Koch

= planicauda, Poc.), but the upper hind edge of segment 2 is strongly

elevated and curved forwards in the middle, forming a characteristic

tongue-like elevation, which is also developed, although less strongly,

in the third segment. Segments 1-4 10-carinate, of equal width, or

segments 1 and 4 slightly narrower than segments 2 and 3; upper

surface of segment 1 as broad and flat as in capensis, not grooved

mesially but very broadly shagreened ; intercarinal spaces of cauda

for the most part coarsely and thickly granular. Palps of 2 and

young with the brachium and manus unusually wide, the latter nearly

as wide as in the adult ¢.

Measurements of 2 —Length 91; length of carapace 94; length of

brachium 7, width (at base of anterior basal tooth) 33; length of

hand-back 44; width of hand 31; length of tail 524, length and

width of I. segment 62, 62, of II. segment 73, 63, of V. segment

10, 58. (Length is always taken laterally from hind edge to the

large anterior angular prominence of each tail segment.)

$ .—Length 93; length of brachium 62, width 3; length of hand-

back 5; width of hand 33.

A number of g and ? specimens (types, No. 1197) found between

Packhuis Berg and Oorlogs Kloof, Clanwilliam and Calvinia

Divs. (Maa Schlechter). Also many other specimens from the

western Divisions of the Colony. This is a very distinct species.

434 Annals of the South African Museum.

PARABUTHUS SCHLECHTERI, Nl. Sp.

Colour yellow. Cauda with segments 1-4 10-carinate, the first

three successively increasing in width, the fourth as wide as the

third and always decidedly wider than the first; upper surface of

segment 1 not quite so flat as in capensis, being distinctly although

shallowly hollowed out from side to side in the posterior part, flat in

the anterior part, not deeply grooved mesially ; granulation between

the keels of tail coarse but very sparse, denser in the middle below in

segments 4 and 5; superior crests of segment 5 distinctly doubled in

the middle.

Measurements.—Length ? 108, g 95; length of carapace 9? 113,

gS 104; length of brachium 2 94, ¢ 94, width ? 33, g 34; length

of hand-back ? 43, ¢ 52; width of hand ¢ 31, 3 33; length of tail

? 62, g 60, length and width of I. segment 9? 73, 8, g 74, 72,

width of III. segment ? 84, g 84.

A female (type, No. 2177) and a male from Little Bushmanland

(between Henkries and Wolftoon, Max Schlechter). Also two others

from Great Bushmanland. Very closely allied to P. raudus (Sim.)

from which it appears to differ principally in not having the I. caudal

segment deeply grooved above in the middle.

P. schlechteri and neglectus, nn. spp., villosus (Pet.), granulatus

(Hempr. and Ehrbg.),* devifrons (Sim.), and brevimanus (Thor.),

have all been collected in Great Bushmanland by Mr. M. Schlechter,

who often found several of these species living side by side in the

same locality. They are all without the slightest doubt specifically

distinct from one another.

PARABUTHUS TRANSVAALICUS, N. Sp.

Closely related to the previous species. Cauda with the first three

segments of equal width or slightly increasing in width ; segments 1—4

10-carinate ; segment 5 with the superior crests distinctly doubled in

the middle, the inner crest composed of 3-4 strong, sharp, spiniform

teeth ; intercarinal spaces of cauda thickly granular; upper surface

of segment 1 not flat, distinctly grooved mesially. Colour dark

olive-green to nearly black, the tail tinged with dark brown, the legs

and palps olive-green to dark brown, the fingers and the distal part

of legs yellowish.

Measurements of 2 .—Length 92; length of carapace 92; length

* =fulvipes (Sim.).

ee ee ae

a”

New South African Scorpions. 435

of brachium 84, width 3$; length of hand-back 42; width of hand 23;

length of tail 53, length and width of I. segment 7, 74, of II. seg-

ment 73, 72, of III. segment 73, 73.

A couple of females (No. 3003) from the Transvaal, kindly

presented by Dr. J. W. B. Gunning of the Pretoria Museum.

In the latter Museum also are several other specimens, for the

loan of which I am indebted to Dr. Gunning.

HADOGENES GUNNINGI, 0. sp.

? .—Carapace very shallowly and widely emarginate in front.

Last abdominal tergite very short, more or less rounded behind

and almost semicircular in outline, much broader than long. Tail

33 times as long as the carapace, which is as long as the first and three-

fourths of the second segment; first segment higher behind than broad,

the upper crests smooth ; terminal tooth of superior crests enlarged

but not spiniform in segment 2, less enlarged in segment 3 ; vesicular

segment distinctly compressed, not turgid, only slightly wider than

the hind end of the fifth segment, its upper side slightly convex.

Upper surface of humerus of palp with no strong ridge just behind

the anterior border; length of humerus along upper hind margin

21-92 times the width of the upper surface. Pectines with 13-16

teeth. Colour dark brown mingled with olive-green, vesicle paler

brown.

Toc.—An ad. 2 * from Pretoria (type, No. 4,041) collected by Dr.

J. W. B. Gunning, Director of the Staats Museum at Pretoria, in

which are several other specimens. I am much indebted to Dr.

Gunning for the type and for the loan of his other specimens.

Measurements.—Total length 106 ; length of carapace 134; length

of last abdominal tergite 81, width 12; length of tail 50; length of

I. segment 62, width behind 23, height behind 34; length of II. seg-

ment 81, width of vesicle 22, height 3; length of humerus 122,

width of upper surface 44, length of anterior surface (measured along

middle from the large tooth near base) 84, width 34; length of hand

25, width 8, length of hand-back 14.

Very near troglodytes (Pet.) from Rhodesia but smaller, with

relatively broader humerus and narrower vesicle.

* The adults in the genus Hadogenes are readily distinguishable by the

presence of a large lobe at the base of the fingers of the palps. In immature

specimens this lobe is obsolete,

436 Annals of the South African Museum.

HADOGENES WHITEI, 0. sp.

? .—Carapace deeply emarginate in the middle in front. Last

abdominal tergite as in guuningy. Tail nearly 4+ times as long as

the carapace, which is as long as the first and three-fifths of the

second segment; first segment stout, scarcely higher than wide

behind, its upper crests smooth, with a few small, weak granules

posteriorly ; terminal tooth of superior crests enlarged and spiniform

in segment 2, less enlarged and not spiniform in segment 3, not at

all enlarged in segment 4; vesicle straight above, compressed.

g .—Tail seven times as long as the carapace, which is only a

little longer than the first caudal segment; the latter much higher

behind than wide; vesicular segment strongly concave above ;

superior crests in segment 2 with the terminal tooth strongly spini-

form, very large and curved forwards. Last abdominal tergite

longer, but still considerably wider than long.

Measurements.—Length ? 101, g 124; length of carapace 9? 122,

$112; length of last abdominal tergite ? 8, g 84, width 9 114, 3 94;

length of tail ? 534, g¢ 804; length of I. segment ? 63, § 102, width

behind ? 3, d 23, height behind ? 3,4, ¢ 34; length of hand ? 241,

3 214, width ° 82, ¢ 7, length of hand-back ? 133, g 12.

Loc.—An ad. 2 and gf from Brakkloof, near Grahamstown, Albany

Div. (type ?, No. 1736), kindly presented by Dr. Schonland, of

the Albany Museum, and named in honour of Mrs. George White,

who discovered the specimens.

This species is dark olive-green in colour with dark brown hands,

and is closely allied to trichiurus (Gerv.), from which it differs in

having the tail much wider, the palps much stouter and thicker, and

the last abdominal tergite shorter.

HADOGENES MINOR, N. sp.

2 .—Carapace broadly and moderately deeply emarginate in front.

Last abdominal tergite broader than long, somewhat rounded

behind but not quite semicircular in outline, the broad anterior border

without the pair of small pits at its hind margin near the middle.

Tail almost four times as long as the carapace, which is equal in

length to the first and four-fifths of the second segment; first seg-

ment depressed, considerably wider than high, its length scarcely

twice its width and nearly 22 times its height, its sides dilated and

slightly arcuate outwards in the middle, converging at the anterior

and posterior ends of the segment, the superior crests granular and

New South African Scorpions. 437

distinct only in anterior part of the segment; superior crests of

segments 2 and 3 with the terminal tooth searcely or only slightly

enlarged; vesicular segment compressed, almost straight above.

Pectines with 11-12 teeth in the 2 (14-15 in young 3). Colour

dark olive-greenish brown to dark-green, the vesicle yellow, the legs

brown.

Measurements.—Length 73; length of carapace 9, depth of emargina-

tion 3; length of last abdominal tergite 64, width 7; length of tail 354;

length of I. segment 44, width (in middle) 24, height 12; length of

hand 16, width 6, length of hand-back 9; length of anterior face of

humerus 6, width 12.

Loc.—An ad. 2? (type, No. 1207) and several young from the

Onder Bokkeveld, Bokkeveld Mountains, Calvinia Div. (Max

Schlechter). Also another ad. ? from Langkuil, near the Doorn

River, Clanwilliam Div. (C. LZ. Leipoldt). This is a small species,

closely related to teniwrus (Thor.).

Var. cedri nov.—Differs from the typical minor in the much larger

size and in haying the sides of the I. caudal segment parallel, not

bulging outwards in the middle; length of I. caudal segment

21 times its width and 22 times its height. Total length 105;

length of carapace 124; length of tail 51, of I. segment 64, width of

I. segment 3, height 24.

An ad. @ (No. 2217) from the Sneeuwkop Mountain (3,000 feet.),

Cedarberg Range, Clanwilliam Div. (C. L. Leipoldt and fh. Pattison).

HADOGENES BICOLOR, N. sp.

@ .—Carapace and last abdominal tergite as in minor, Tail short,

about 31-31 times as long as the carapace, which is equal to or even

slightly exceeds the first two caudal segments in length ; first seg-

ment depressed, considerably wider than high, its length more than

14 but less than 12 times its width, which is greatest in the middle,

the sides arcuate outwards; superior crests in segment 1 smooth,

very weakly and sparsely granular in segments 2 and 3, with the

terminal tooth small; vesicle straight above. Pectines with 13-16

teeth. Colour dark olive-green, the palps dark brown with green

crests, the legs lighter brown, the vesicle yellowish brown.

Measurements.—Length 99; length of carapace 13 ; length of last

abdominal tergite 84, width 102; length of tail 433; length of I. seg-

ment 53, width in middle 34, height 24+; length of hand 27, width 8,

length of hand-back 15; length of anterior face of humerus 93,

width 3,

438 Annals of the South African Museum.

Loc.—Several adult and young specimens (types, No. 4062),

captured about twenty miles east of Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg

Distr., Transvaal (Rev. J. W. Daneel).

Very like minor but with relatively much shorter tail and thicker

palps.

( 439 )

XU1.—Description of Twelve New Species of the Genus Mutilla

(Order Hymenoptera) in the South African Musewm.—By lL.

PERINGUEY, Assistant Director.

StncE the publication of my second paper on South African

Mutilide the Museum has received twelve new species, the descrip-

tion of which forms the subject of this paper.

Through the courtesy of Mons. Ed. André I have been able to

examine two of his types of South African Mutille, ie., M. bassu-

torum and M. penicillata, described by him. M. bassutorwm resembles

very much M. pandora, Pér., but is different, and MW. penicillata is

indubitably identical with M. callisto, Pér.; the former name has

therefore priority.

I have received from Mashunaland Mutilla coryphasia 3 , Pér., still

in coitti with M. mephitis ¢, Sm. This latter species occurs also in

Senegal, and I have received an example from Dakar. It is thus

probable that the females of M. atropos and M. acidalia will be like

M. mephitis in build and markings, as it proves to be for VW. exaltata,

M. cloantha, and M. hecuba, which said species are closely allied in

both sexes to M. viduata, Pall., of Europe and Algeria.

In the plate illustrating my two previous papers on South African

Mutillide the third cubital cell of the fore wing is partially closed in

M. erynnis $ (fig. 7); such is not the case; it is entirely open, and

the first cubital should be more rectangular and cover the same area

as the second; in M. auwtinoé, fig. 4, the second transversal nervure is

not indicated, and the second discoidal should be more in the shape

of a parallelogram viewed sideways and not in the shape of an are of

circle; there are other inaccuracies in the neuration of some of the

other figures, such as the absence of the second transverse cubital

nervure, which should close the second cubital cell in I. purpurata,

440 Annals of the South African Museum.

(fig. 14), the first cubital cell of which should be much more elon-

gate at the expense of the first discoidal, &e.

In my second paper in Part 2 of Vol. I. of the ANNALS an error of

enumeration in the text has crept in, and should be corrected as

follows :—

Page 357, Mutilla celimene, is not figured.

Page 361, Mutilla ethra, read Plate VIIL., fig. 24.

Page 362, Mutilla thais, read Plate VIIL., fig. 26.

Page 363, Mutilla deianira, read Plate VIIL., fig. 23.

Page 364, Mutilla dunbrodia, read Plate VIIL., fig. 18.

At the end of this paper an explanation of Plate VIII., omitted in

the previous paper, is given in full.

MutTILbA MATUTA.

9. Head and thorax red, mandibles, antenne, and legs reddish

ferruginous, abdomen black with a broad central flavous patch

in the centre of the basal joint; the second has a basal band

and the third is totally covered by a band of the same colour ; head

sub-quadrate, but a little rounded laterally behind, eyes set forward,

large, oblong ; the surface is covered with round, scrobiculate fovew

and is nearly glabrous but for a few very long whitish sete ; antennal

tubercles piceous, scape nearly glabrous and piceous red, first joint

of flagellum nearly as long as the second, which has the shape of a

truncate cone; mandibles sharp at tip, simple; throax quadrate,

very nearly as broad as long, truncate at apex and at the posterior

declivity, with the sides not serrate, covered with deep and broad

fovee with no reticulated intervals, apical part of the declivity sub-

carinate, suture of the pro- and mesothorax distinct; it is set with a

few very long greyish and white hairs ; abdomen sessile, basal joint

truncate and fitting exactly against the base of the second which

becomes ampliated laterally at a certain distance from the base ; both

these segments are finely but deeply punctured, and the punctures

are round, the basal segment has no distinct ventral carina, and the

median flavous patch of hairs extends a little beyond the suture ; the

basal band of the second segment is sensibly broader at middle, and

the apical segment is depressed and entirely covered with very closely

set minute punctures which give it the appearance of being very

finely granulose ; posterior tibize thickened past the middle, and with

the outer series of spines obliterated ; spurs white. Length 7 mm.

Hab. German South-West Africa (Salem). Dr. G. Laske.

I know of no South African ally of this species.

Description of Twelve New Mutilla. 441

MUTILLA ENIPPE.

@. Head and thorax deep red, antennex, legs, and abdomen black,

the latter with the base of the first and second segments, the whole

of the third and the margin of the apical one banded with a slightly

flavescent pubescence, second segment with one central median

ovate spot and a sub-lateral one on each side of it; head deeply

foveolato-scrobiculate, clothed with a silvery somewhat sparse pubes-

cence, eyes very large and bulging, extending nearly to the posterior

angles which are rounded; scape of antennz piceous, first joint of

flagellum thick, second a little more than twice as long as the first,

and only a little longer than the third; mandibles sharp at tip,

simple ; thorax parallel, long, narrow, truncate at apex, and with the

posterior declivity nearly vertical, the suture of the mesothorax and

the scutellary region is very distinct; there is a short, compressed

scutellary tubercle, the outer sides are crenulate, and the upper sur-

face is deeply and closely foveolato-reticulate, while the intervals at

the top of the declivity are almost tuberculate ; it is clothed with

black, short hairs turning to grey on the sides ; abdomen sub-petio-

late, short, nodose at apex, and with the ventral carina briefly tri-

dentate, second segment covered with closely set and deep, elongate

punctures without sinuate walls, the lateral sub-flavescent patches

are nearly equi-distant from the outer margin and from the central

one which is a little larger, and the basal band is a little thicker at

middle ; the apical segment is covered with arcuate, fine and closely

set striz, the extreme apex itself being smooth ; legs black, clothed

with white hairs, tibiae with a double series of spines, spurs white.

Length 84 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

This species is almost identical with M. tettensis in general facies,

although smaller ; the white spots on the second joint of the abdomen

are similarly arranged, but there is a basal band on this segment

which is wanting in I. tetiensis, and the band on the third segment

is not interrupted as in the last-named species.

MUTILLA NORTIA.

?. Black, with thorax red ; basal segment of abdomen with

a small lateral patch; the other abdominal segments, except the

apical one, having a basal whitish, sub-flavescent transverse band ;

head as broad as long, and nearly as broad as the base of the pro-

throax, sub-quadrate, eyes ovate, bulging, equi-distant from apex and

base ; it is covered with deep, closely set fovez, and clothed with a

449 Annals of the South African Museum.

short greyish pubescence; the antenn are piceous or piceous red,

the joints of the flagellum are thick, the second joint is as long as

the third and fourth together, the mandibles are rufescent, moderately

short and simple inwardly; thorax nearly straight at apex, slightly

ampliated diagonally laterally from the apical angle to two-fifths of

the length, and distinctly tuberculate there, attenuate diagonally

from there to the posterior declivity which is nearly vertical, and

where it is narrower than the apical part by one-fifth; the apical

and lateral sides are crenulate, and the upper part covered with deep,

round fovez with narrow walls; the fovew are still broader in the

declivity ; abdomen sessile ovate, first segment vertical, dentate on

each side of the base, covered, like the second segment, with deep,

elongate punctures, the walls of which in the latter are raised and

somewhat strigillate ; the other segments are deeply punctured, and

fringed with a whitish flavescent band narrower than on the second

segment, and as distinct underneath as on the upper part ; the whole

of the last segment is closely and finely striate from apex to base ;

ventral carina of the first segment truncate at base, angular behind,

and sloping towards the apex ; legs black with the tarsi sub-rufescent,

clothed with white hairs, tibiz with a double row of spines, spurs

fuscous brown. Length 10} mm.

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Matoppo range). R. Pillans.

Not unlike M. cassiope in general facies.

MvtTILLA LAVERNA.

?. Black, with the upper part of the thorax dark ferruginous

red, first abdominal segment nearly entirely covered with a rich

orange pubescent patch, second segment with a broadly triangular

basal patch the apex of which reaches the central part, third segment

entirely clothed with the same pubescence ; head small, scrobiculate,

eyes large, ovate, bulging, posterior angles rounded ; it is covered

with a greyish pubescence, mixed with a few black bristles; the

antenne are black with the scape piceous and thickly clothed with a

silvery pubescence, second joint of the flagellum not quite as long as

the two following, first joint small ; jaws sharp, slightly bifid

inwardly at tip; thorax parallel, but a little emarginate laterally

towards the middle, nearly straight in the anterior part, broader

than the head, clothed with dark hairs on the upper side, and grey

hairs laterally and beneath, vertically declivous behind and covered

with broad fovee with intervals raised and forming wavy longi-

tudinal ridges; the lateral margins are rugose, but not crenulate ;

——— eee ee

Description of Twelve New Mutilla. 443

abdomen sessile, elongato-ovate, basal segment truncate, fitting

against the base of the second, and entirely covered with the orange-

yellow pubescence, the ventral carina is sharp, short, and truncate at

each end; second segment covered with raised, wavy lines, densely

clothed, like the posterior ones, with a thick black pubescence, and

having at the base a triangular orange patch extending from each

angle to the middle of the dorsal part; the apical segment is

depressed, closely and distinctly striate longitudinally for two-thirds

of the length, with the apical third finely aciculate ; legs black,

clothed with silvery hairs ; tibiae with a double series of spines, spurs

black. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Mossamedes. Dr. G. Laske.

Allied to M. tecmessa, Pér.; the shape of the thorax is nearly

similar, but a little narrower proportionately, and the head is

narrower instead of being broader than the thorax ; the abdomen

and also the vestiture are similar, but in MW. laverna the basal trian-

gular patch ascends much further, and the band on the third segment

is not interrupted.

MvtTILLA CLELIA.

?. Black, with a totally ferruginous red thorax, first basal

segment of abdomen with a small lateral white patch on each side,

base of second segment and the whole of the third clothed with a

wide band interrupted in the middle; head large but only a little

wider than the thorax, a little rounded laterally behind and sinuate

at the base, eyes large, set forward, ovate ; it is very deeply scrobicu-

late, with the intervals reticulate and clothed with dark and white

hairs and also a slight silvery pubescence; antenne piceous, first

joint of the flagellum small, second one as long as the two following

put together ; mandibles strong, sharp at tip and with a conspicuous

median tooth inwardly ; thorax sub-parallel, nearly straight at apex,

convex in the anterior part and gradually sloping from there to the

posterior declivity which is vertical, very slightly attenuate laterally

from apex to base, but marginate at about one-third of the length,

crenulate, slightly bi-tuberculate at about the median part; it is

covered with deep, reticulate fovezw and clothed with greyish and

black hairs; abdomen sessile, clothed with a dense, black pubes-

cence ; basal joint truncate, fitting exactly against the basal part of

the second segment, covered with elongate punctures, and haying on

each side a small basal white patch not reaching the outer margin,

and each covering about one-third of the surface ; ventral carina short,

truncate at each end; second segment covered with elongate punc-

444 Annals of the South African Musewm.

tures, the intervals of which are raised, especially towards the outer

sides ; the basal white band is very narrow and distinctly interrupted

in the middle, and it has beneath three carine ending in a sharp

tubercle ; the band on the third segment is as broadly interrupted as

the basal one of the second segment, and the apical one is depressed

and nearly smooth at apex; legs black, clothed with silvery white

bristles, spurs white. Length 13 mm.

Allied to M. astarte, M. pythia, and M. bi-lunata. From notes

taken when comparing some of my examples with Smith’s types in

the British Museum, M. bi-lunata and M. pythia, and possibly M.

comparata, may prove to be the same species ; but M. astarte has

also three longitudinal carinee ending in a small tooth on the ventral

part of the second abdominal segment, and M. clelia might prove to

be a small varietal form of the latter.

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

MvtTILLA CYLLENE.

9. Head and prothorax pale brick-red legs and antenne

rufescent, abdomen black with the exception of the first segment

which is brick-red ; base of the first four abdominal segments banded

with sub-flavescent white, second segment with a basal, median

patch ; head deeply pitted, covered with a silky slightly flavescent

pubescence and pale brownish hairs, eyes large, ovate, very bulging,

posterior angles of the head slightly rounded ; second joint of the

flagellum only a little longer than the one following, mandibles sharp

at tip, simple; prothorax hardly broader at apex than the head,

truncate in front, gradually attenuate laterally from apex to base

where it is about one-fourth narrower, a little sinuate laterally and

with a sharp projecting angle at the beginning of the sinuation,

posterior declivity very sloping and having at tip a scutellary

tubercle ; it is covered with deep reticulate fovez, clothed with long,

greyish and white hairs, and the sides of the declivity are marginate

and sub-serrulate ; abdomen pedunculate, first segment not very

long, nodose at base and having a three dentate ventral carina ; it is

deeply punctate and has a white, slightly flavescent, apical trans-

verse band ; the second segment is covered with wavy longitudinal

raised lines, enclosing elongate, narrow fovee; it bears a small comma-

shape, whitish patch in the centre of the base, and an apical trian-

gular band ascending in the middle to about one-quarter of its length,

third and fourth segments entirely banded with flavescent white,

apical segment covered with very closely set longitudinal striz, and

Description of Twelve New Species of Mutilla. 445

with some of the intervals slightly raised, extreme apical part

aciculate ;. legs clothed with sub-flavescent hairs, tibiz: with a double

series of spines, spurs fuscous. Length 7-8 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Hex River). L. Péringuey.

A close ally of M. thais, Pér.; the shape of the thorax and abdo-

men is nearly similar, but the former is much more broadly foveate,

and the second segment of abdomen is not covered with closely set,

round punctures as in M. thais.

MuUTILLA MATOPOA.

?. Black, with the thorax red; first segment of abdomen

with a sub-quadrate patch on each side of the apical part, a small,

triangular one at the apex of the second segment, and a transverse

band broadly interrupted in the middle on the third one; head

elongate, sub-parallel laterally behind the eyes which are ovate and

situated forward, sub-truncate behind, broader than the anterior

part of the prothorax, broadly foveato-reticulate, clothed with few

black hairs and a sub-decumbent silvery white pubescence, jaws

trifid inwardly ; antennz black, second joint of flagellum as long as

the two following; thorax a little sloping on each side at apex,

attenuate laterally towards the declivous part where it is one-third

narrower than at apex, the sides are slightly bi-sinuate and crenulate,

and the declivity very abrupt; it is very roughly reticulate and

covered with dark and greyish hairs; abdomen sessile, elongato-

ovate, first segment nearly vertical, dented on each side at base,

plane on the upper side, and fitting against the second segment

which is not broader at apex than the base of the first; it is finely

and closely punctured, and the silvery patches, which are sub-

lateral, impinge on the apical margin of the second segment ; this

latter is clothed like the other segments with a dense black

pubescence, and is covered with moderately elongate, not very deep

punctures, intermixed with a few elongate fovez, and has in the

centre of the apical margin a small, sub-triangular silvery patch ; on

the third segment the band is interrupted in the centre for about

one-third of the length; the other segments are closely punctured,

including the apical one which is as closely and distinctly punctured

as the preceding one for two-thirds of the length, but the apical part

is extremely finely aciculate, nearly smooth; ventral carina of the

first segment short, truncate at apex ; legs black, clothed with silvery

white hairs, tibiz with two series of spines, spurs white. Length

20 mm.

446 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Matopo Hills). R. Pillans.

A very distinct species without any South African ally known to

me,

MUuTILLA ATOSSA.

g. Black, shining, tegule dark ferruginous, abdomen with a

transverse narrow basal band interrupted in the centre, and a broad

whitish band on the third segment ; head sub-quadrate but with the

posterior angles slightly rounded, and the eyes large and very

slightly emarginate ; it is closely foveolate and covered with greyish

hairs; jaws moderately long, compressed and bifid at tip, and

without any basal tooth beneath ; antennz not very thick, scape and

the two first segments of the flagellum piceous red, first joint of

flagellum small, second joint as thick as the third, but one-half

shorter; thorax covered with closely set fovew, and clothed with

greyish white hairs denser on the scutellum; prothorax rounded

laterally, mesothorax with two median longitudinal grooves and a

fine raised line in the centre, scutellum moderately raised, a little

narrowed laterally, behind; metathorax short, very abruptly decli-

vous, not carinate laterally and having the posterior angles rounded ;

abdomen sub-sessile; the first joint has a short peduncle; and

the basal part is as broad as the apical one of the second joint; first

and second joints deeply foveolato-punctate and clothed with greyish

hairs ; the other joints are finely punctured and clothed with black

hairs, and the basal part of the second segment has a very narrow

silvery white band, broadly interrupted in the middle, while the

third segment is entirely covered by a continuous band; wings

fuscous with a violaceous tinge, stigma very minute, opaque, radial

cell not truncate, three cubital cells and two recurrent nervures ;

legs non-spinose, spurs black or picecus; ventral carina of first

segment laminate and abruptly truncate at both ends. Length

114 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

Allied to M. cinchreis, but the joints of the antenne are not sub-

aculeate inwardly at tip, the second joint of the flagellum is shorter

in proportion, and the punctures on the body are much deeper and

more broadly foveate.

MutTILLA EUNYCE.

3. Black, with the prothorax and the scutellum covered

with dense, slightly flavescent hairs, basal margin of the second

Description of Twelve New Species of Mutilla. 447

abdominal segments, and the whole surface of the third with a

transverse, slightly flavescent whitish band extending also on the

ventral part; head rounded laterally behind the eyes which are

bulgmg much and are not emarginate; it is deeply and closely

punctured, and covered with long greyish and black hairs, the

former of which predominate on the vertex; mandibles somewhat

short, not much dilated at apex where they are trifid, and with a

moderately developed median external tooth beneath; thorax

foveolato-punctate, covered with dense black hairs laterally and

beneath, but replaced on the prothorax, the tegule, the scutellum

and the metathorax by flavescent ones, very dense on the prothorax

and scutellum ; mesothorax with two median longitudinal impressed

lines; scutellum not much raised, rounded laterally, and slightly

emarginate at middle behind; metathorax foveolate, not carinate

laterally, and with the posterior angles rounded; abdomen sub-

petiolate, basal segment not very long, nodose, second segment

sub-orbicular ; they are both closely and deeply but not broadly

punctured, covered with dense erect greyish white hairs; the base of

the first segment cannot be said to have a transverse band, although

there is a little pubescence, but the second segment is fringed with a

narrow, white, slightly flavescent band, and the whole of the third

segment is covered with a similar band; the other segments are

clothed with black hairs; antenne thick, first joint of flagellum

small, short, second joint one-third shorter than the following one

and not much wider than the first; wings fuscous, violaceous,

stigma hardly discernible, opaque, radial cell truncate at tip, two

cubital cells and one recurrent nervure ; tibia non-spinose, spurs

black; ventral carina of first segment with a sharp tooth in the

middle. Length 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony (Uitenhage). Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

Allied in general facies to M. appias and M. nyctimene, but in

these species the third cubital cell of the wings is closed, and the

metathorax is red in the former.

MUTILLA CEBRENE.

3. Black, with the prothorax, mesothorax, and scutellum dark

red, tegulae piceous, wings steel-blue; head quadrate, scrobiculate,

covered with dense ashy-grey hairs, forming a thick bunch in front

of the insertion of the antenne, jaws long, compressed and enlarged

at tip, slightly bifid there, and having beneath a greatly developed

445 Annals of the South African Museum.

sub-vertical tooth near the median part; eyes large, emarginate ;

antenne moderately long, not very thick; second joint of the

funicle a little longer than the third; thorax foveolate, covered with

moderately long hairs which are brownish on the upper side and

slightly silvery on the mesosternum ; mesothorax with longitudinal

grooves and a median raised line; scutellum produced in a very

distinct triangular tubercle sharp at tip and beset with fulvous

hairs ; metathorax sloping, more broadly foveate than the rest of

the thorax, sharply carinate laterally and having another sharp

carina running parallel with the carinate outer margin and at a

short distance from it for a little less than half the length; median

part with two slightly raised, wavy lines ending in a very small,

inconspicuous tubercle at about the middle ; abdomen sub-sessile,

covered with somewhat brownish hairs turning to ashy-grey beneath;

first segment sharply dentate on each side of the base and also

laterally, but in a less degree, at a short distance from the base, and

diagonally ampliated from there to the base which is a little narrower

than the apex of the second segment which is ampliated laterally,

and closely but not deeply punctured like the other segments, but

has a median space quite smooth and very shining; ventral carina

of basal segment not very developed, slanting at apex and

emarginate ; spurs of tarsi white; tibiz non-spinose; wings with

three cubital cells; stigma elongate, celluliform, radial cell not

truncate. Length 22 mm.

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury). G. A. K. Marshall.

The facies is not unlike that of MW. acheron, and the shape and

sculpture of the mesothorax and scutellum is similar.

MuTILLA MENALIPPA.

g. Black, with the first and second segments of abdomen red,

the two first segments with a narrow, basal, flavescent band, third

segment entirely flavescent, tegule reddish brown, wings fuscous ;

head transverse, parallel laterally, foveolate and covered with black

hairs turning to flavous behind and laterally as well as on the basal

joint of antennze and in front of them, jaws moderately long, trifid

on each side at tip and having beneath a dentiform process which

is the prolongation of the inferior margin abruptly truncate at middle ;

eyes large, emarginate ; antennz thick, second joint of the funicle

half the length of the third; thorax foveolato-reticulate ; it is

covered with dense yellowish hairs, those on the mesothorax are

Description of Twelve New Species of Mutilla. 449

black, but on the post-scutellary region, and also on the metathorax

these hairs are yellowish; the mesothorax has two median, ill-

defined longitudinal grooves, the scutellum is raised, rounded,

slightly emarginate at tip and fringed with long, dense flavescent

hairs; the metathorax is very slanting, broadly foveate, rounded

laterally in the posterior angles, and has in the centre an ill-defined

groove rounded at apex, and covered with a short, decumbent

flavescent pubescence; abdomen sub - petiolate, closely and

moderately deeply punctured; first segment short, covered with

sub-flavescent hairs which become denser and more yellow at apex

where they form a narrow band, second abdominal segment not

wider at apex than the base of the first, ovate, frimged with a narrow

band of yellowish hairs, and with the apical and lateral part having

the appearance of being infuscate owing to the denser black hairs,

the third segment is entirely covered on the upper side with a

flavescent band, and the other segments are covered with black

hairs ; the legs are black and non-spinose, the spurs are white ; the

tecule are deeply punctured, the wings are fuscous with the

nervules violaceous; the stigma is. opaque and small, three cubital

cells and two recurrent nervures, radial cell not truncate ; carina of

the first abdominal segment long, aculeate at apex, and slightly

emarginate in the middle. Length 14 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

Belongs to the same group as Mutilla cloantha, exaltata, tyro, and

hecuba. It differs from M. tyro in having the prothorax covered

with dense yellow hairs, and the apical part of the second abdominal

segment also narrowly fringed with a yellowish pubescence, while

M. hecuba, which has a similar yellow pubescence on prothorax and

scutellum, has the third and fourth abdominal segments banded with

flavescent white pubescence.

MutTInuA CALAIS.

g. Black, shining; prothorax, mesothorax and scutellum red,

apical margin of the first and second segments, and the whole of the

third one with a transverse silvery white band; head transverse

with the posterior angles slightly rounded, the eyes are not emar-

ginate ; it is covered with deep, round foveolate punctures, and

clothed with dense black hairs; the mandibles are somewhat short,

not enlarged at tip, quadri-dentate inwardly, and not toothed beneath ;

antenne thick, second joint of the flagellum one-third shorter than

450 Annals of the South African Musewm.

the third, but of equal width, seape very roughly punctured ; thorax

truncate in front, not long; deeply foveolate, mesothorax without

longitudinal raised line or groove, scutellum on a plane with the

mesothorax, transverse with the posterior angles rounded, a little

emarginate and slightly declivous at apex; tegule red, deeply

punctured ; wings fuscous, anterior ones slightly bluish at tip and a

little less deeply infuscate at base, stigma opaque, very small, radial

cell not truncate nor very elongate; three cubital cells and two

recurrent nervures; abdomen petiolate, first and second segments

covered with deep, elongate, foveolate punctures, the others closely

aciculate; the first segment is long, very slender at base, and

gradually swollen, and the remainder of the abdomen is quite ovate,

the margins of the first and second segments have a silvery white

pubescent band, and the third is covered with a similar band which

is not, however, broader than the marginal one of the second ; ventral

carina of the first segment nearly as long as the segment itself, little

raised, and not truncate at apex; legs black; tibiz not spinose,

spurs black. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Natal (Durban). C. N. Barker.

Its nearest ally among South African Mutilla with the basal

segment long and nodose at apex, is M. capicola, but it differs from

it by the less deep and narrower foveolate punctures on the two

basal segments of the abdomen, the first-of which is also a little

more slender, and there is a transverse band on the third segment

which is absent in M. capicola.

NOTE.

The names euterpe, p. 308, and clytemnestra, p. 360, being

preoccupied, must be changed into phocia and dasya respectively. —

Instead of Mutilla cloantha, figs. 18, 20, p. 353, read figs. 19, 21;

and p. 367, line 25, real artemisia instead of creiisa.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

ILLUSTRATING THE THREE PAPERS ON MUTILLIDZ PUBLISHED

IN THIS VOLUME.

PL PAGE

LEE ee Vahl aethvemnisem Oued menercce: .-see es: aseecetsacdncccs.naneeecer cs 68

3. 3 CUICC HICH CREE ten ean oe Oe Herpes cee BOS

4, 55 DULG OSM EER Rae ere eS fo eet veee ee Bon arise: ches & BOS

D, Od: Rs TVS Osi RS ee eet pean Raa fen. Wa ens a ene ere 58

6, 14. 3 [Owl OGRE, | Gia Oo ebannadonceebosseasocrannannenbuc x (GD

Ul Wek af OLY TMS are MER tc Sie ots, cee oe ceee te chee Teme 92

8, 8a. ts PONE OLQVOKCEE EP Sos SU Sgn catonD Ha Ont: MaAER name n eee 84

9: a Clyjtemmestrasm on (= asya)-.o-.-.e. 2-4. sence en ee ee 360

10. - GWHNEIE OS, “S ((=|OACCNE “Gaconcscossesseaseneenncon creado 358

Hil, WB. 5 TSEC OVI. 4h, 2 ccqucusonaesene Dee En aATer ee adaner on: 69, 373

28 pa TCG BIE ULAR, oe ne cae aA ae ASRS nO Ne 360

ify: 55 Gyed eile: Rs “Seance sdoede boa ae bee eae anes cae ee eco men 55

16, ENGI Et ele ne chietao aac kce ke RGR AEE Re ee ee ne 369

If - JORORSIIOTM, GF cassnossossaassedeour Se netihe den erecee cence

18. A Glioinlntoyelee & scanchsonteseoe value un Based seceeenouenone TOL!

Oe 2 tome. pei CLOAING ey Mise OMEN ate Be ere rs = yr acuce ccna aklencen sacs 89, 353

20. i |XEIYOYE, S63 boon adooee ROME OEE Nae ee nRAD eae Recon ee cr 48

22. 50 MSO, @ sacncosocae oonesenonno4dm) Sp asscanscDeGe Ios 376

Doe aA Geiamirate Seeee ener erti cece hones Pa ates ee eee 363

24, * ESWang 1 aeoave deocsnec Sass See e Eee Rea een aconceEeaaa 361

26. 3 LH OHS. UD 0 oad nc gBeneea et BEBE RE EEO an Sep on ae ano ECEoEAnO: 362

28. Pf EARIITI. E senocedoonovesassadse cbudec besser bypenaooade 368

29. a GNA CHIE, 2 soosoonvosugebhe se sanons sogsdduuReTe sp5e4 5500000 80

31. 5 JOENRER) “2 a scnccoodeaadagsnncduEeoose cnonoRAua aupes—ooduodoan 75

Dow Ajberomyamacybele,) 2) jaoce nee sse cas s-cneeenemesie ss oomerieneiseners 35

ON 3 TaApASoaXOSHOAKS ~P GooposannosbconssebobcocdasabarupEancpS 36

30. <3 lbhanGia, “OI co osuosduddenusdeooaes ono tpodaeceoucct adn. 3)

( 452 )

XIV.—On Two New Species of Dicynodonts.—By R. Broom,

MEAD BSc:

DICYNODON LATIFRONS, n. sp. (Plate X., figs. 1, 2, 3).

THE type of this new species of Dicynodon is an imperfect and

crushed skull discovered by the Rey. D. D. Fraser at Burghersdorp.

Till the skull found its present resting-place in the collection of the

Kastern Province Naturalists’ Society, it seems to have been in-

differently cared for, and a large fragment, representing the right

side of the beak, which was originally present in the specimen, has

been lost. In its present condition, with the exception of the missing

half of the beak, the skull is moderately complete in front of the

temporal region, but has been slightly obliquely distorted. A con-

siderable portion of the parietal crest is missing; while the occiput,

with the right squamosal and quadrate, has been crushed in upon

the under side of the front part of the skull.

In a number of its features the form bears considerable resemblance

to Dicynodon simocephalus, Weith., and also shows some affinity,

though much more remote, with Dicynodon pardiceps, Ow. The

very imperfect condition of the type specimen of Dicynodon

simocephalus renders a comparison with it a matter of some

difficulty and considerable uncertainty, but the great breadth of

the maxillaries in D. simocephalus is so unlike the condition in the

present type where the maxillary breadth scarcely exceeds the

breadth across the frontals as to leave comparatively little doubt but

that the two species are distinct.

In both D. pardiceps and D. simocephalus the orbits are directed

somewhat frontally, but in the present form they are directed almost

perfectly laterally.

The frontal region is broad and moderately flat. The frontal

On Two New Species of Dicynodonts. 453

bones are irregularly quadrangular in shape, and form the upper

margin of the orbits to the extent of about 45 mm. In front where

the frontal meets the prefrontal and the nasal the breadth is 47 mm.,

while behind where it joins the post-orbital the breadth is 55 mm.

The post-orbital on the left side is moderately complete, though

slightly crushed. Where it forms the posterior border of the orbit

it is fairly massive and averages 23 mm. in breadth. On its posterior

edge is developed a well-marked ridge which passes almost directly

upwards, inwards, and backwards, forming the anterior border of

the temporal fossa, and then curving mainly upwards and backwards

forming the side of the parietal crest. As it appears in the present

condition the anterior part of the parietal crest rises abruptly from

the frontal plane and forms with it an angle of about 120°. As that

part of the post-orbital bone which is preserved is scarcely appreciably

injured, and as the lower portion which forms the post-orbital arch

is somewhat displaced forwards, it necessarily follows that the

parietal crest must originally have formed a less obtuse angle with

the frontal than in the present condition.

The parietal is partly missing, and the exact development of the

anterior part has not been displayed.

In front, the frontals meet the prefrontals and the enormously

developed nasals. The prefrontals are irregularly triangular in

shape. The outer side forms the border of the orbit for a distance

of about 35mm. The articulation with the frontal measures about

28 mm., and that with the nasal about 37 mm.; while the articula-

tion with the lachrymal, not counting that portion within the orbit,

measures about 17 mm.

The lachrymal is moderately large and meets the prefrontal, the

nasal, the maxillary, and the malar bones. It extends forwards

from the margin of the orbit for a distance of 35 mm.

The nasals are of large size, and together form as large a roofing

as is formed by the frontals and prefrontals together. Down the

middle line where the bones of the two sides meet there is formed a

well-marked ridge which rises to the height of about 7 mm. above

the arch of the nasals. The nasals form a gentle curve in an antero-

posterior direction, while they form laterally a very regular arch

interrupted only by the median ridge. In the fossil the anterior

part of the nasals is missing, but from the position of the back of

the nostril which is preserved it is probable that but little of the left

nasal is lost. The length of the nasals would probably be about

95 mm. ; while the greatest breadth of each nasal measuring round

the arch is 60 mm., and the transverse breadth of the two nasals

454 Annals of the South African Museum.

together, 85 mm. The nasal forms the upper, posterior and to &

slight extent inferior borders of the nostril.

The maxillary bone is moderately complete on the left side, but

on the right side only the posterior half remains That on the right

side, however, though imperfect is scarcely at all crushed. The

most striking characteristic of the maxillary is the presence on the

outer side of a well-developed ridge. This is directed outwards and

slightly downwards from the lower border of the outer surface. The

edge is rounded and presents a rough surface with a number of

transverse grooves. It seems probable that this ridge may have

supported a heavy upper lip, but it could hardly have been sheathed

in horn. There is a very feebly developed ridge found in a similar

situation in some of the more normal Dicynodonts. In the type of

Oudenodon prognathus, Owen, there is a fairly well-marked ridge

present, but not quite in the same situation. The tusk is directed

more forwards than downwards, and lies almost directly in a line

with the malar arch. It is more feebly developed than in the

majority of species of Dicynodon, and gives the maxilla more the

appearance of that found in Gordonia. At the anterior part where

the tusk is free it measures 13 mm. in greatest diameter. The root

of the tusk as displayed at the fracture on the right side measures

from 18-20 mm. Judging from the preserved parts the portion of

the palate between the maxillaries must have been narrow, and it is

probable that the beak was slender. The width of the upper jaw at

the posterior part of the lateral ridge is 104 mm. It will thus be

seen that the greatest breadth of the jaw is but little greater than

the least measurement across the frontals, and less than the

maximum frontal breadth—a condition in very marked contrast

to that found in Dicynodon simocephalus, Weit.

The premaxillary is completely lost on the right side, but sufficient

remains on the left side to give a fair idea of the position of the point

of the beak.

The malar bone is fairly well preserved on the left side but some-

what crushed. The portion forming the arch is long, slender, and

straight. It is hollowed on the outer side apparently for the articu-

lation of the post-orbital and the squamosal.

The greater portion of the zygomatic part of the squamosal is

preserved though much crushed. The descending portion of the

squamosal, though its outer edge is much broken, is moderately

well shown. In its relations to the occiput it quite agrees with the

condition in other species of Dicynodon.

About half the quadrate is preserved, though the articular surface

ee ee eee

Ll. ae eee

On Two New Species of Dicynodonts. 455

is gone. Its transverse width is 34 mm. and its antero-posterior

measurement about 20 mm.

The occiput presents no unusual features. The condyle is rather

large, and the basi-occipital portion is demarcated from the

ex-occipital portions by distinct shallow depressions or grooves. If

these grooves indicate the original lines of suture, the basi-occipital

portion is about twice as large as either of the others. The trans-

verse width of the condyle is 44 mm., and the depth in the median

line 33 mm. Above the condyle on either side of the foramen

magnum is a very distinct and well-developed tubercle with a small

ridge running downwards and outwards from it. From near the

same region a feeble ridge runs upwards and outwards on the

moderately flat supra - occipital. The ex-occipital is somewhat

massive, and its lateral portion stands out from the descending

part of the squamosal, which it supports. The payr-occipital pro-

cesses though both broken off at the bases have evidently been

unusually well developed.

On the inner side of the quadrate and practically on the suture

between it and the ex-occipital is to be seen the colwmella auris. The

outer part is a cylindrical rod of about 2 mm. in diameter, but on

passing inwards, forwards, and upwards it becomes somewhat

flattened and very much thicker. Its total length has probably been

about 40 mm. A little farther out than the broken outer end of the

columella auris, and resting on the posterior side of the quadrate, are

indications of an additional bony element, but the fragment which is

left is too small and imperfect to give any certain indications as to

the nature of the structure. It may be the fragment of a malleus,

or it may be, as seems to me the more probable, the remains of an

ossified tympanic ring.

OUDENODON TRUNCATUS, n. sp. (Plate X., fig. 4.)

This species is founded on the anterior portion of a skull belonging

to the Port Elizabeth Museum. There is no history attached to the

fossil, but there is some reason to believe that it came from Hanover.

The fossil represents the almost perfect palate of a moderate-sized

species of Owdenodon. The palate is so beautifully weathered that

the sutures are quite distinctly shown. The premaxillary forms

practically the whole of the bony roof of the mouth, almost com-

pletely covering the under surface of the maxillaries. The specimen

further proves conclusively that the median ridge which has

456 Annals of the South African Museum.

invariably, so far as I am aware, been regarded as the vomer, is

really a part of the premaxillary. The true vomer is situated

further back and comparatively small in Oudenodon, though well

developed in Ptychasiagum. The chief characteristic of the species

is that the beak is almost square, with a median and two lateral

vertical ridges. Of described species the only one which might be

similarly characterised is Oudenodon megalops, Owen, but in it the

proportions of the palatal structures are very different. The present

fossil, moreover, represents a form about twice the size of the

type of O. megalops. ‘The following are some of the principal mea-

surements :—

Anterior end of beak to back of median ridge .... 113 mm.

Hstimatedwwadthvot palate ...0....0..ssiseocsieestee 76 mm.

Wadth-obsponmtvol ocak: 5 ../.:...\ccoonss en neee wees 47 mm.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

FIG.

1. Side view of skull of Dicynodon latifrons « °4

2. Occiput of...... Seat ap 5 <a36

3. Upper view of skull of _,, 54 x36

4. Palate of Owdendon truncatus x 46

Pale

Vol. I

Mus.

Ann.

West, Newman lith.

RB.del.

Dicynodon latifrons. nep.

Oudenodenm truncatus. wep,

( 457 )

INDEX OF

PAGH

Ablabophisrmis aacrste cite aoe 98

NDI Socdapdoapencueoce 106

INGENMMAKNIAETEY So aaosooeeoaeoue 313

IACAISLUS! aleieicloreic a sie1s sscieyne neon 315

INGOMAHIS Go occssaDdboDUBs OOOO FE 217

QOS. oosodgcabageagdabos } 106

AGOSTINI Mccayates craysialato e siayiesavore oe 246

INGPMINE, GolabooocnosboacaGu0GDE 103

AIMS VAN Meyens: sterstelsie sisters sexes seeks 114

ATTENTIONS So66¢an9000060n000 266

ATM NTS Eo Ait silels eines se ee 104

AN Koval auhaNIS 5 AG oonoooGdUUbOOS 100

LUNGAEVNOUS socoooocasnoccgsd0c 303

AMODIOStetnan were ascent. 324

IN OERENIRNONUIS 65 55 gaeo00dudGoddec 100

AN UETHOPAAMG. Cbogonsaaccacda000 35

ISGEMICIUS, oboaee pondoo coda Gope 251

AMG LONOLOPUIS -rareaieeieie/elerelerreucreere 107

INT VIGRINUNIS! ssversielelovels o(sie\ese1s'+ eieie 219

PNIST CL Ae Sexeserercy sie curt eFe.o.insinvchel ee ne 258

/NADGCOIEVIS soooconovesanuso GODS 101

INStHEMOCHIUEUUS! ty-\-)a1e eile eserves 316

NGTACUBSPIS Sif eyes lle coo0 NOP

BEG POSOMIA a «:0.=.6/0 éro's.sicie.sis.o sia's/s 379

UB BV ATTA ay aera hey eis 9 oiorcun,aciere whatever 115

BS EUUINV OR GUIS! essys:0/<s,0/<02 crete eseie a4 225

IBS ate Seirieess seca ease es 101, 102

BOOM OMP A Herel tsi 21 s65 pr aiciscierass 98, 99

IBGNACENS Good sopoenommodcdacd 108

NSU O sey siosrayon-tsyevsl'sustsyesevsiece Seis 108

(Caxcosinermbbans oun como de maer ae 108

(Callens gaoaooenccscuocons 100

GAMES Pate aee ser eretnvels cccleverstote cre ls 114

GENERA.

@assinai ras scerveneler

Caususee cinerea

GORoIME So oanadocodhoc

Chameleon .)..4...!.

Chamesaura..........

@Whelomer jie... ee,

Chigrophiss i425 sees

Chondrodactylus .......

@inixych meee eee

Colasposoma...........

Colopusese eee

Cordylosaurus .........

Cricetomyst ..s-erere

Crocodilusian sorrel.

Crypbochile were ita

CryptonyChus) <i ese

Cyrnaturay erie errr

IDEA “SooasobaucKdcas

IDNR “Goooeecoqdooc

IDFSyadhys}) GanopucoGaabc

DaSVPClLIST. 61. cielo rel tere

Dendraspis meme aas st

Dendromiysy writs

iDermochelivstrieeecr cc:

Derostrophus! .........

Dinocephalus’ =. 0... 2.

Diplocoticisiy-rts-iiei eit

Dispholidiuswe street

Dicynodonkcri-riiie eer

Miehinotusi-yy-1)-yehteie siete

Hi aMeC HIS) vectvelererersi atch tere

Elasmodactylus .......

B6GD00C 526

Saab ole 97 -

Spo OOUC 249

sree 324

9000000 99

noBoo0C 96

goennoc 245

eneoot 302

Sidon osc 101

103, 109

458 Index of Genera.

PAGE

IMI RETINIAIS We cae yoyee Tote clove exarceeeere 104, 105

IDIEENMUIS Son oooaposeoHoonooS 249

ENUPYOPE: saieyernisis'cjs0 5 sis vsterrseeioe 325

JNbaNISHUDAS) GopnooagoDodoboK6s 183

GeoryGhusia5c.o s+ oe eyserioer reer 226

Gerbilllusy Go it.0~ cir. seutreonveers 190

Gerrhosaurusi eileen eer 105

(Giimiletiaa cocaacowoD Coons dbor 316

Glauconia........ oie sence ere 98

Golundarc yc secrete rer 222

Graphiinus, “erence 186

(GnivsGy Go odaccobooosooenduE 99, 109

lkeilorealsSo6 co ooscueodesoocone 435

Heleophryne ........ IO, alo atalal

iemidacbylusm serie ae 102

Te MISUS ier. 21 iene ery roene ever 108

Iferpetosepsi i ceeereereetrrs 106

Jalewalstoyotis: 6a opoocabdodo 0 000K oD 381

IELTS Daeieryatde kine eiereen teks 118-130

Eta Spell aerate etetetetetetettereae lett: 118

lal(erantolforfornst sooo Gn GooopoODGber 99

Isley NOMS Goossodoccnmsooede 102

TElOVOOHWIS GonoeoocooombooDoOUE 96

Elomorel ap si ecmrteiterchrteieler= ile 101

IB koa” Saco Go4ccoo00soa0aGE 315

ISHN) Go n00000bo DD a0 CUDaDOEE 100

lahEHIORNVERS Good bodHonoa0abedt 108

IBA qneoleliod cd oove vce obCaORRE 322

IBby sorb! Gaoocooun0coaueade 294

IBRD GgodanoDCoDoSoGOCd00br 234

I avavounyoy HS Goanoonvcsononadde 104

Wann propli seers metrer rer trh 98

TGS PLUS PA ere acer riel eee erneteneeste-re 113

Meptodiraleace ite ere tra 100

ie DUS miei ike Serene ner rrs 236

lbyyeaileya — so00u06000nc0000000¢ $8)

Iniyecophidiwml See cmietrele trier 99

linygodacty lus) Wyse cererriesiereereer- 102

ILA OOM, GoooAGoDDOGUCKODDN oC 106

IWMI, GaoooGosgondooUoUDGaDODOOE 318

Wi meweasaooneonagob0ob66 105, 106

WMfai cha as) Me vey oveveuoyersiossverstsinuelaecreoeters 256

PAGE

Machlomonphae acces ee eee eerer 257

Macrelaps' sc jcmectaw cites eee 100

Miailaic ob insistent rere ete rarer 201, 239

Megalixalus yacrema-ceeicce 108

Mie ZINania < oheyetayoraieces <ioie oreiaeetevere 248

Miecramitbereus: sacemeee semen cere 305

Monopeltisit rere aaeeereerere 104

MiUSs..o dive ecimiersrnateschoactenereae eee 203

Mutilla ........ 33, 37-98, 353, 440

Miystromiysivocae erence eee 223

Nala 5.505 cic ccom tas eee 101

NWOras 0.4865 tertarstncdclepot aierens 104

Ny @teroplUsmgs ac ticita sei slcers 304

CHULA. aetiss Paes ebete mittee 102

Oprablessis. Hancrty avons 293

Oncosphailar wearer ree 115

Qneilas. 2. swe cs asc ser eee 240

Opisthopatusm eae eee eee 349

Opisthophthalmus.... 1-28, 131-180

OtoMys: s.5.ch se netewietee eens 195

Oudenodon eee 455

Pachydachyluwsimrrrerrrieter 102-103

PachynOvelis!s system eis riere 250

Pach yUromiy susie eee act: 193

Paraibuchusierieeimee eee 28, 433

Pedetes:.. 46005. cesses cms acr 230

Pelomedusayn. servers sacs Si

Peripatopsisie eee eeeer eee 334

IP{Sye ONG. canoopotogacodasonds 331

Reiromyseereee ieee eee irr 232

Phnilocaltig cy. crserersiersieets oiaonetore 241

iMaulkoyd annum els| 5554550008000000 99

Phiymobsbrachii stirrer et setter 107

Phrymomanhisiee ee teeee eerk 108

Bhyjlodaetiy luster trteetterte 102

lelonvAlloyemtsantha ooaccasodoosooeos B21

Phyllocnenid aieeerrrtreeeriir 321

IBERIA CoGocdoasooncoRooEDY 116

IENAENOURIS oocacnagosgancoccs 104

Podisparacrscet cece acs 117

IBAHOlsp sab} So cooconcoeaocowasce 99

Bsammodes ances een rireiir 267

Psammodophiysisic cs). 1's 296

IPsammophisie cmt eer ieeerrs 100

IRSGud aap IS see eerie eee 99

Pseudocordylusmecercrelste rier trr 104

PbenopUsiee eccrine 102

IPnHE! EGooécaacannooc0doKncc 242

IEAM Soepoabods00 0 00ednK00 98

Pythonodipsas ..-.0--c+0s+ > 100

Index of Genera.

R PAGI

IRENE 655. ae coc: EERO Oa Renee ae 107

Iai PIG r eatae tei nos ois ot, oc os 4 LO8

Evham phiOphisi)yae. ss... 4s. s. 100

IMO PLTOPUS Paces ao. «oko sce 103

NACCOSLOMUS es joes yf se... 214

CBD LULA Mave IAS vsraiaias.s cnoke iis ta< 105

SCELO LES maresesteue Miniintns Heise caus 106

SOpsiMammise ecient chao caine 106

Simocephaltis’ (ace sees. ss. 3 - 99

DOM Mpa peers cena octets pars oo, 401

SUCHIMOMANS Bemce cn dlacoene dale ee 200

Slenocard: pane seen naan 248

SLOENODHEETUS: sevaci ae nae wees 97

arbophisier eer etoe eer ore 100

Mes tudowasia cre wisls seetetae 96, 97

Metracdachylus! maces sso cceeee 105

Rhallassocheliys acm see ee OF

Rhelotornicaaer earner eneere 100

INGORE iS geanemoahe Gobooces 130

PDTYONOMYS <2 ci. ake ketene ce 233

Mrachymobidusissesieen neces 296

459

PAGE

dragiscochema 43.0... 0:0256: 325

rium erorhinusemete. ja¢ seen 100

diropidonottisn amen ate. 50s 98

ropidosaura seem aes jee 104

iyphilacontiais yyeacsoce so. aaee 106

Pyphlopsreasskeenc wiscnoes uss 97, 98

Dy phlosaunusy cee. no. sss 106

Wimslatust 225 2ee gece onechne es 312

NATAMUSE Racy cee waa ears 104

VU SI TS esa ces cece ce eee 308

XONOPUSH Lityqeneeateatied See 108

EXONS Mrs 0:5 Severe Aes, eee OS

PR OIUSE rics tspeetrat cle wee eae oy ae 182

ACT Se nes ese ee eee ee 319

Zonurus 103, 1

te ate... «ae erS.

ANNALS

OF THI

Been APRICAN MUSEUM.

VOLUME .I—PART 1.

ISSUED JUNE, 1898,

PRICE 7s. 6d.

PRINTED FOR THE

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

py West, Newman « Co,, Lonpon.

ifs

Iil.

1V.

CONTENTS.<

Description of New Sourn Arrican ScorPIoNs IN THE CoL-

LECTION OF THE SourH AFRicAN Museum. By W. F,

PuRcELL, PH.D., Fisst Assistant (PLatEs I., IT., IIL, TV.)

Description oF some New or Lirrne Known Sovran AFRICAN

MvUTILLIDm IN THE COLLECTION OF THE SoutH AFRICAN

Musgum. By. L. Périncury, Assistant Director. s

List or THE REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS OF SOUTH AFRICA, WITH

Dxscriptions or New Sprcies. By W. L. Scrater, M.A,

F:Z.8., Director (Puarr VY.) . ay : ’ :

CATALOGUE OF THE SouTH Arrican Hisprn® (COLEOPTERA), WITH

Dxscriptions OF New Species. By Le Phrineury, Assis.

tant Director ; : : 3

PAGE

112

54, Harron

‘ x 4 oa is ‘

oo J

DEN

Rie

—<—_ &»~_

—_e oe

> Carnet ak et rT SSN BS) Snel, = tla ae ad

ANNALS

OF THH

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

YOLOME 1.-—~PAKT 2.

ISSUBD. MARCH, 1899, PRICK. Ws

PRINTHD FOR THe

MROSTEES OF THE SOUTH ADRICAN MUSEUM

ny West, Neaywan & Co, Lonpoy,

WA:

Vil.

Vill.

IX.

CONTENTS.

On THE Speciks oF Opisthophthalwas tN THE COLLECTION

OF THE SoutH AFRICAN MuUspuM, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

some New Forms. By W. F. Purcenn, Pu.D., First

Assistant . : ; ‘ : ; f ; i

Descriptive List or THE RopeNntTs oF SourH ArricA.—By

W. L. Sevater, M.A., Director of the South African

Museum. ; é ; ; ; : : :

Firth CONTRIBUTION TO THe SoutH AFRICAN CoOLEOPTEROUS

Fauna.—By L. Perineury; Assistant Director (PLATES

VELVET.)

On THE SovurH AFRICAN Species or Peripatide In THE CoL-

LECTION OF THE SoutH AFRicAN Musgsum,—By. W. FR,

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF SourH AFRICAN

MutTittipz® (oRDER Hymenoprera).—By L,. PERINGUEY,

Assistant Director (PuatTe VIII.)

DESCRIPTION OF A New Genus OF PERCIFORM. FISHES FROM

THE Cape OF Goop Horr,—By G, A. Boutencer, F.R.S.

(PLatgz IX.) .. , , ; ; ; } : 4

PAGE

131

181

240

331

852

379